,transcrib]'s notes3 ,9 ?is transcription1 pair$ und]scores d5ote italicis$ text1 pair$ a/]isks d5ote 99bold text99 & a 7c>et7 indicates t ! foll[+ bracket$ "* 0 sup]script$ 9 ! orig9al text4 ,footnotes h be5 position$ bel[ ! relevant p>agraphs4 ,a small numb] ( errors h be5 correct$ sil5tly1 includ+ ! foll[+3 ,amb -- ,amb cont9uea -- cont9u$ translalations -- translations ,h>v> -- ,h>v>d ,,/4 -- ,/4 miss+ ^w #89' ins]t$ r$undant comma delet$ ,! foll[+ misplac$ section ( text has be5 correctly position$3 dis[n$4 ,b ^! are n its be/ features3 its su/a9$ p[] ( reason+1 its wide sweep ( obs]vation & reflection1 its elevat$ e?ical & social tone1 /amp x z a "w ( high excell5ce1 & z su* we cordially recomm5d x to our read]s40--,saturday ,review4 ,inconsi/5tly labell$ passages ( text are z 9 ! orig9al1 e4g4 a b c d2 a b c e2 b c e2 ,a title has be5 add$ to ! orig9al featureless book cov]4 ,9 ! ,press1 9 ,two ,volumes1 ,cr[n #hvo41 ) num]\s ,illu/rations1 ,,! ,,beg9n+s ,,( ,,life4 ,,by ,,! ,,same ,,au?or4 ,london & ,new ,york3 ,,macmillan ,,& ,,co4 ,illu/ration3 ,,l[e/ ,,organisms4 ,fig4 #a4--,! simple/ =ms ( ,life--,bact]ia1 ,torul1 c4 ,fig4 #b4--;,bact]ia1 ,vibriones1 & ,lepto?rix filam5ts4 7 #hjj diamet]s47 ,,! ,,modes ,,( ,,orig9 ,,( ,,l[e/ ,,organisms3 ,,includ+ ,a ,,discussion ,,( ,,! ,,exp]im5ts ,,( ,m4 ,,pa/eur1 ,,& ,a ,,reply ,,to ,,"s ,,/atem5ts ,,by ,,pr(essors ,,huxley ,,& ,,tyndall4 ,by ,h4 ,,*>lton ,,ba/ian1 ,m4,a41 ,m4,d41 ,f4,r4,s41 ,,fell[ ,,( ,,! ,,royal ,,college ,,( ,,physicians2 ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,pa?ological ,,anatomy ,,9 ,,univ]sity ,,college1 ,,london2 ,,assi/ant ,,physician ,,to ,,univ]sity ,,college ,,hospital1 ,,& ,,to ,,! ,,national ,,hospital ,,= ,,! ,,epileptic ,,& ,,p>alys$4 ,london & ,new ,york3 ,,macmillan ,,& ,,co4 #ahga4 ,all rights res]v$4 8,quant ce qui conc]ne la prt5due incubation d'ufs d',infusoires dans l'infusion1 il faudrait d'abord pr\v] l'exi/5ce de ces ufs4 ,les dit-on trop petits p\r tre ap]u1 c'e/ av\] qu'on ne peut ri5 savoir de leur exi/5ce4 99 99 99 ,croire que p>t\t o l'on r5contre des ,infusoires1 ils ont t prcds d'ufs1 c'e/ donc admettre une pure hypo?se1 qui n'a d'autre fondem5t que l'analogie4 99 99 99 ,si c'e/ seulem5t p> l'analogie qu'on suppose des ufs *ez eux1 il faut accord] ces ufs des proprits semblables celles de t\s les ufs connus2 c> ce s]ait j\] sur les mots que de suppos] qu'ils en ont de p>ticulires eux seuls40--,,burda*',s ,trait de ,physiologie1 ,translation by ,j\rdan1 #ahcg1 t4 i41 p4 #bb4 ,,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,william ,,cl[es ,,& ,,sons1 ,,/am=d ,,/reet1 ,,& ,,*>+ ,,cross4 ,,preface4 ,hav+ be5 compell$ by ! results ( my inve/igations on ! "q ( ! ,orig9 ( ,life to arrive at conclusions adv]se to g5]ally receiv$ op9ions1 ,i f\nd t sev]al p]sons hav+ high au?ority 9 matt]s ( sci5ce1 7 little dispos$ to ass5t to ^! views4 ,to a great ext5t ?is seem$ due to ! fact t a di/+ui%$ *emi/ _h previ\sly gone ov] "s ( ! same gr\nd1 & _h arriv$ at precisely opposite conclusions4 ,m4 ,pa/eur has be5 long kn[n z an able & brilliant exp]im5t]1 & "s ( 8 admir]s seem to reg>d him z an almo/ equally faultless reason]4 ,r5ew$ & prolong$ exp]im5tation hav+ t5d$ to demon/rate ! tru? ( my orig9al conclusions1 & to conv9ce me ( ! utt] unt5ability ( ,m4 ,pa/eur's views1 x seem$ t ! be/ c\rse to pursue w\ld be1 at fir/1 to endeav\r to %[ into :at errors ( reason+ ,m4 ,pa/eur _h fall51 & also h[ 8 conclusions 7 capable ( be+ rev]s$ by ! employm5t ( diff]5t exp]im5tal mat]ials1 & diff]5t exp]im5tal me?ods4 ,!n1 hav+ pres5t$1 9 a connect$ =m1 evid5ce :i* might suffice to %ake ! fai? ( all :o pres]v$ a "r ( indep5d5t judgm5t1 "o might hope to h pav$ ! way = ! reception ( new views--ev5 ?\gh !y 7 adv]se to ^? ( ,m4 ,pa/eur4 ,! pres5t volume conta9s1 inde$1 only a fragm5t ( ! evid5ce :i* w be embodi$ 9 a mu* l>g] "w--n[ almo/ complet$--relat+ to ! nature & orig9 ( liv+ matt]1 & 9 fav\r ( :at is t]m$ ! physical doctr9e ( ,life4 ,! "q ( ! mode ( orig9 ( ,liv+ ,matt]1 is inextricably mix$ up ) ano!r problem z to ! cause ( f]m5tation & putrefaction4 ,m4 ,pa/eur's lab\rs 71 at fir/1 und]tak5 9 ord] to solve ! latt] difficulty--to decide1 9 fact1 betwe5 two rival hypo!ses4 ,x 0 held1 on ! "o h&1 t _m f]m5ts 7 m]e dead nitrog5\s sub/ances1 & t f]m5tation 0 a purely *emical process1 = ! initiation ( :i* ! action ( liv+ organisms 0 n necess>y2 :il/1 on ! o!r h&1 x 0 also ma9ta9$ t no f]m5tation c\ld be initiat$ )\t ! ag5cy ( liv+ ?+s--9 fact1 t all f]m5ts 7 liv+ organisms4 ,! =m] may be call$ ! physical !ory ( f]m5tation1 ( :i* ,b>on ,liebig is ! mo/ prom95t mod]n expon5t2 :il/ ! latt] may be t]m$ ! vital !ory ( f]m5tation1 & ?is is ! doctr9e ( ,m4 ,pa/eur4 ,all ! facts :i* ,i h to adduce1 s f> z ! subject ( f]m5tation is conc]n$1 are :olly 9 fav\r ( ! views ( ,b>on ,liebig4 ,&1 ! conclusions arriv$ at 9 ?is "w are confirm$ by ! results ( sev]al unpubli%$ exp]im5ts1 9 :i* liv+ organisms h be5 tak5 f flasks t _h1 a few weeks be=e1 be5 h]metically seal$ & heat$ = a v>iable "t to temp]atures rang+ f #bfj ,f4 to #cjb ,f4 ,) ! view ( aid+ "s ( my read]s 9 _! int]pretation ( ! results ( "s ( ! exp]im5ts conta9$ 9 ?is volume1 ,i w\ld call _! att5tion to ! foll[+ consid]ations4 ,if fluids 9 vacuo 79 h]metically-seal$ flasks71 :i* 7 cle> at fir/1 h gradually become turbid2 & if on microscopical exam9ation ?is turbidity is f\nd to be almo/ :olly due to ! pres5ce ( ,bact]ia or o!r organisms1 !n x w\ld be %e] trifl+ gravely to discuss :e!r ! organisms 7 liv+ or dead1 on ! /r5g? ( ! m]e activity or languor ( ! movem5ts :i* !y may be se5 to display4 ,c dead organisms multiply 9 a clos$ flask to su* an ext5t z to make an orig9ally cle> fluid become q turbid 9 ! c\rse ( two or ?ree days8 ,& if any "o wi%es to conv9ce himself z to :e!r su* turbidity c occur 9 a flask :i* is /ill h]metically seal$1 let him take "o t has be5 prep>$ 9 ! mann] ,i h else:]e describ$1 c>efully heat ! neck ( x 9 a _s-lamp flame1 & see h[ ! rapid 9-b5d+ ( ! r$-hot glass te/ifies to ! pres]vation ( a p>tial vacuum )94 ,! vacuum 9 su* cases is only p>tially pres]v$1 because ( ! emission ( a c]ta9 am\nt ( gases )9 ! flask--su* z inv>iably occurs dur+ ! progress ( f]m5tation or putrefaction4 ,9 ^! exp]im5ts ) heat$ fluids 9 clos$ flasks1 no?+ is easi] ?an to obta9 negative results4 ,! same k9ds ( infusions :i*--if c>e has be5 tak5 to obta9 !m /rong en\gh--w 9 a few days teem ) liv+ organisms1 (t5 %[ no trace ( liv+ ?+s aft] mu* long] p]iods1 :5 ! solutions are weak4 ,aga91 9 ^? cases :]e only a few organisms exi/ 9 a solution :i* has be5 made ! subject ( exp]im5tation1 no?+ is easi] ?an by a p]functory exam9ation ( ! fluid to fail 9 f9d+ any ( ^! sp>sely-di/ribut$ liv+ organisms4 ,exp]im5ts1 ! results ( :i* are positive1 may1 !re=e1 9 ! abs5ce ( suffici5t c>e1 be cit$ z negative2 & exp]im5ts :i* w\ld o!rwise h be5 cr[n$ ) unmi/akeably positive results1 may be r5d]$ :olly b>r5 by ! employm5t ( infusions :i* h be5 c>elessly made4 ,a ^w ( explanation seems necess>y ) reg>d to ! introduction ( ! new t]m ,ar*ebiosis4 ,i _h orig9ally1 9 unpubli%$ writ+s1 adopt$ ! ^w ,biog5esis to express ! same mean+--viz41 life-orig9ation or comm5cem5t4 ,b 9 ! mean "t ! ^w ,biog5esis has be5 made use (1 q indep5d5tly1 by a di/+ui%$ biologi/1 :o wi%$ to make x be> a totally diff]5t mean+4 ,he also introduc$ ! ^w ,abiog5esis4 ,i h be5 in=m$1 h[ev]1 on ! be/ au?ority1 t nei!r ( ^! words c--) any reg>d to ! language f :i* !y are d]iv$--be suppos$ to be> ! mean+s :i* h ( late be5 publicly assign$ to !m4 ,wi%+ to avoid all ne$less confusion1 ,i !re=e r5\nc$ ! use ( ! ^w ,biog5esis1 & be+1 = ! reason j giv51 unable to adopt ! o!r t]m1 ,i 0 compell$ to introduce a new ^w1 9 ord] to designate ! process by :i* liv+ matt] is suppos$ to come into be+1 indep5d5tly ( pre-exi/+ liv+ matt]4 ,h4 ,,*>lton ,,ba/ian4 ,que5 ,anne ,/reet1 ,w41 ,may #h1 #ahga4 ,,! ,,modes ,,( ,,orig9 ,,( ,,l[e/ ,,organisms4 ,! mode ( orig9 ( ,bact]ia1 &1 to a less ext5t1 ( ,torul1 has be5 mu* discuss$ ( late1 & _m diff]5t views h be5 advocat$ on ?is subject by successive writ]s4 ,x is ( mu* importance to be> 9 m9d :5 su* views are "u consid]ation1 t a %ort "t s9ce no?+ 0 positively kn[n conc]n+ ! life-hi/ory ( ^! organisms4 ,h[ev] /rongly1 !re=e1 c]ta9 p]sons are incl9$ to rely ^u ! analogy :i* is suppos$ to obta9 betwe5 ^! d\btful cases1 & ! multitudes ( kn[n cases--9 :i* x c be %[n t organisms are ! (fspr+ ( pre-exi/+ organisms--x mu/ always be borne 9 m9d t 9 _m ( ! d\btful cases1 :]e ! simple/ organisms are conc]n$1 !re is also an analogical argum5t ( almo/ equal weight adducible 9 fav\r ( _! de novo orig9ation--aft] a fa%ion1 & "u ! influ5ce ( laws simil> to ^? by :i* cry/als arise4 ,to rely too exclusively ^u an argum5t f analogy is always p]il\s3 x is m ?an usually s1 h[ev]1 9 a case l ?is1 :]e :at is practically an oppos+ analogy may be deem$ to speak j z au?oritatively 9 an opposite direction4 ,!re is "o consid]ation1 moreov]1 :i* des]ves to be po9t$ out "h1 & :i* does n seem to h occurr$ to mo/ ( ^? :o s firmly p9 _! fai? to ! tru? ( ! motto 8omne vivum ex vivo40 ,! e-day exp]i5ce ( mank9d1 supplem5t$ by ! ord9>y obs]vations ( skill$ naturali/s1 does pretty fairly entitle u to arrive at a wide g5]alization1 to ! effect t "s repres5tatives ( e k9d ( organism are capable ( reproduc+ simil> organisms4 ,b1 :il/ ?is is all t ! actual e-day exp]i5ce ( mank9d w>rants be+ said1 & :il/ !re is 9 reality ! wide/ possible gulf betwe5 su* a g5]alization & t :i* is express$ by ! motto 8omne vivum ex vivo10 ! latt] =mula has ( late be5 spok5 ( z ?\gh x 7 ! "o :i* 0 9 accordance ) ! daily exp]i5ce ( mank9d1 r ?an ! o!r1 :i* gives expression to a g5]alization ( a mu* n>r[] description4 ,?is exp]i5ce1 9 reality1 af=ds no evid5ce :i* c\ld entitle u to place implicit belief 9 ! =mula 8omne vivum ex vivo40 ,:il/ we d "k some?+ ab\t ! ability :i* mo/ organisms possess ( reproduc+ simil> organisms1 we _c possibly say1 f direct obs]vation1 t e organism :i* exi/s has _h a simil> mode ( orig91 because ! cases 9 :i* organisms may h orig9at$ de novo are ! v cases 9 :i* _! mode ( orig9 mu/ elude our actual obs]vation4 ,su* a /atem5t1 too1 w\ld be all ! m dang]\s1 9 ! face ( ! o!r analogy1 :5 x c actually be %[n t "s organisms d make _! appe>ance 9 fluids aft] precisely ! same fa%ion z cry/als4 ,al?\gh1 !re=e1 !re is a contradiction betwe5 ! unw>rantable & ill-begott5 =mula1 8omne vivum ex vivo10 & ! doctr9es ( :at has be5 call$ 8,spontane\s ,g5]ation02 !re is no contradiction :atev] betwe5 su* doctr9es & ! only g5]alization :i* we are really w>rant$ 9 arriv+ at1 to ! effect t "s repres5tatives ( e k9d ( organism are capable ( reproduc+ simil> organisms4 ,bact]ia1 ,torul1 or o!r liv+ ?+s :i* may h be5 evolv$ de novo1 :5 s evolv$1 multiply & reproduce j z freely z organisms t h be5 d]iv$ f p>5ts4 ,! views z to ! orig9 ( ,bact]ia & ,torul :i* are mo/ wor?y ( att5tion1 may be ?us enum]at$3-- a4 ,t !y are indep5d5t organisms d]iv$ by fission or gemmation f pre-exi/+ ,bact]ia & ,torul4 b4 ,t !y repres5t subord9ate /ages 9 ! life-hi/ory ( o!r organisms 7fungi71 f "s portion ( :i* !y h d]iv$ _! orig91 & into :i* !y aga9 t5d to develop4 c4 ,t !y may h a het]og5e\s mode ( orig91 ow+ to ! m complete individualization ( m9ute p>ticles ( liv+ matt] ent]+ into ! composition ( high] organisms1 bo? animal & vegetal4 d4 ,t !y may arise de novo 9 c]ta9 fluids conta9+ organic matt]1 indep5d5tly ( pre-exi/+ liv+ ?+s 7,ar*ebiosis74 ,i %all make "s rem>ks conc]n+ ea* ( ^! views1 ?\gh ! evid5ce ,i h to adduce ma9ly conc]ns ! possibility ( ! orig9 ( ,bact]ia & ,torul 9 ! way la/ allud$ to1 viz41 by ,ar*ebiosis4 ,! ?ird mode ( orig9 is :at is call$ ,het]og5esis2 :il/ ! fir/ & second modes are ! repres5tatives ( m famili> processes1 includ$ "u ! head ( ,homog5esis4 ,?us1 9 accordance ) ! fir/ view1 ,bact]ia may be reg>d$ z l[ organisms hav+ a di/9ct individuality ( _! own & multiply+ by a process ( fission--?us af=d+ in/ances ( :at ,i propose to t]m direct ,homog5esis4 ,:il/1 9 accordance ) ! second view1 ,bact]ia are suppos$ to repres5t m]ely "o /age 9 ! life-hi/ory ( high] organisms1 :i* are !re=e reproduc$ by an indirect or cyclical process ( ,homog5esis4 ,! possible modes ( orig9 ( ,bact]ia & ,torul may1 !re=e1 be tabulat$ z foll[s3-- ,modes ( orig9 #a4 ,homog5esis4 a4 ,direct4 ( ,bact]ia b4 ,indirect4 & #b4 ,het]og5esis4 ,torul4 #c4 ,ar*ebiosis4 ,i4 ,,homog5etic ,,mode ,,( ,,orig9 ,,( ,,bact]ia ,,& ,,torul4 ,bact]ia & ,torul be+ already 9 exi/5ce1 !y may1 und\bt$ly1 reproduce organisms simil> to !mselves by processes ( fission & gemmation--9 ! same way t o!r l[ proti/ic organisms propagate _! k9d4 ,al?\gh s _m reasons r5d]$ ?is view probable1 x 0 "s "t be=e ,i 0 able actually to confirm x by p]sonal obs]vations 9 ! case ( ,bact]ia4 ,9 ! ord9>y microscopical exam9ation ( portions ( an infusion conta9+ ^! organisms1 an obs]v] may wat* = h\rs & nev] see a s+le in/ance ( su* fission occurr+4 ,8 att5tion is apt to be di/ract$ by ! numb] ( organisms :i* are con/antly flitt+ be=e 8 view1 & he is1 moreov]1 p]haps apt to pay p>ticul> att5tion to ^? :i* seem by _! movem5ts to be mo/ obvi\sly alive4 ,i h obs]v$ ! process mo/ pla9ly :5 a few ,bact]ia h be5 enclos$ 9 a s+le drop ( fluid1 press$ into a v ?9 /ratum1 9 a 8live-box0 kept at a temp]ature ( ab\t #ij ,fahr4 by re/+ on "o ( ,/rick]'s w>m-wat] *amb]s plac$ on ! /age ( ! microscope4 ,"u ^! conditions1 ,i h se5 a ,bact]ium ( mod]ate size divide into two1 & ea* ( ^! into two o!rs some:at small]1 9 ! c\rse ( fifte5 m9utes4 ,x is /ill m wor?y ( rem>k1 t 9 all cases 7s f> z ,i h be5 able to obs]ve71 ?is1 ! mo/ c]ta9 sign ( vitality :i* su* organisms are capable ( manife/+1 is %[n by ^? :i*1 f _! /illness1 might be consid]$ dead4 ,! ,bact]ia :i* are ab\t to divide are g5]ally ei!r motionless1#a or m]ely pres5t slight oscillat+ movem5ts4 ,! sep>ation is quickly br\ght ab\t at ! jo9t1 s t ! orig9al organism divides into two equal portions2 & ^!1 ly+ close toge!r1 soon develop a new con/ruction z !y gr[1 ?r\gh :i* a fur!r division may occur4 #a ,^? :i* are q motionless are always 9 close apposition ei!r ) ! "u surface ( ! cov]+ glass1 or ) ! surface ( ! glass on :i* !y are situat$4 ,t ! ,bact]ia :i* reproduce %\ld be 9 a comp>atively quiesc5t condition1 seems n difficult to und]/&4 ,su* rudim5t>y organisms d n appe> to possess cilia or o!r locomotory app5dages3 _! movem5ts are1 !re=e1 9 all probability dep5d5t ^u ! m]e molecul> *anges :i* are tak+ place )9 !m1 & ^u :i* _! life & nutrition dep5d4 ,! process ( fission mu/1 h[ev]1 be consid]$ z ! result ( a new ef=t at equilibrium1 :i* has1 p]haps1 be5 necessitat$ by molecul> *anges t h occurr$ dur+ a prec$+ p]iod ( gr[?4 ,! liv+ matt] :i* is no long] able to exi/ r\nd a s+le c5tre1 re-arranges itself ar\nd two c5tres1--z a result ( :i*1 fission occurs4 ,x seems only natural1 !re=e1 t :il/ ?is active "w ( molecul> re-arrangem5t is go+ on1 ^? o!r molecul> movem5ts :i* occasion ! actual locomotion ( ! organism f place to place1 %\ld be m or less int]f]$ )4 ,?is is ! "o & only mode ( multiplication ( ,bact]ia & ( ,torul :i* is actually kn[n to occur2 & su* a limitation is 9 accordance ) ! m g5]al fact1 t processes ( fission or gemmation are ! only means ( reproduction t are kn[n to occur 9 ! l[] k9ds ( organisms1 belong+ to ! ,,proti/ic k+dom4 ,h[ev] well ?is process ( fission may h be5 e/abli%$1 z a frequ5t mode ( reproduction ( ,bact]ia1 su* a fact does n l5d any support to ! notion t ^! are necess>ily di/9ct & indep5d5t organisms4 ,torul 7( :i* be]-yea/ is ! mo/ famili> example7 may simil>ly und]go ?is process ( m]e vegetative repetition to an indef9ite ext5t1 :il/ only "s ( ! products develop into fungi4 ,! gonidia ( li*5s may also reproduce indef9itely 9 ?is fa%ion1 & only "s ( ! products ( multiplication may g on to ! production ( li*5s simil> to t f :i* ! gonidia _h be5 d]iv$4 ,x is a fact1 h[ev]1 admitt$ by _m1 & :i* any pati5t microscopi/ is capable ( v]ify+ = himself1 t "s ,bact]ia d develop into ,lepto?rix filam5ts1 & t ^! are capable ( pass+ into a dissepim5t$ mycelial /ructure ( l>g] size & und\bt$ly fungus nature--f :i* fructification ( v>i\s k9ds may be produc$4 ,"s ,bact]ia may !re=e develop into "s fungi1 j z c]ta9ly z "s ,torul may develop into o!r fungi1 or1 j z surely z "s multiply+ gonidia may develop into li*5s4 ,9 ord] to prove1 h[ev]1 t ! ,bact]ia :i* happ5 to g ?r\gh ?is developm5t into ,lepto?rix & !nce into fungi1 are /rictly to be consid]$ z necess>y l9ks 9 ! life-hi/ory ( fungi1 x w\ld be ess5tial = ! p]son hold+ su* views1 to %[ t ,bact]ia c\ld n arise indep5d5tly--or at lea/ t no indep5d5tly evolv$ ,bact]ia c\ld develop ?r\gh ,lepto?rix-=ms into a fungus4 ,&1 simil>ly1 = ! o!r k9ds ( organisms3 9 ord] to e/abli% t ! ,torula cell is a necess>y l9k 9 ! life-hi/ory ( c]ta9 fungi1 or ! gonidial cell a necess>y l9k 9 ! life-hi/ory ( li*5s1 x w\ld be necess>y to %[ t ,torul or gonidial cells c\ld n orig9ate de novo--t no indep5d5tly evolv$ ,torula or gonidial cell c\ld develop into a fungus or a li*54 ,an easi] position to e/abli% w\ld be1 t ! ,bact]ium or ! ,torula 7 occasionally l9ks 9 ! life-hi/ory ( fungi1 or t ! gonidial cell 0 an occasional l9k 9 ! life-hi/ory ( a li*54 ,?is doctr9e w\ld leave ! o!r m difficult problems1--z to ! possible exi/5ce ( supplem5t>y modes ( orig9 = su* organisms by ,het]og5esis or by ,ar*ebiosis--p]fectly op5 que/ions4 ,to e/abli% ! position t ,bact]ia are occasional l9ks 9 ! life-hi/ory ( fungi1 x w\ld be only necess>y to %[ t "s ( ! ,bact]ia :i* develop into fungi ?r\gh ,lepto?rix h d]iv$ _! orig9 f pre-exi/+ fungi4 ,?is is ! view :i* ,halli]#b has endeav\r$ to e/abli%2 x is also ! doctr9e ( ,m4 ,polotebn[1#c & "o1 moreov]1 to :i* ,pr(essor ,huxley#d incl9es4 ,ev5 ?is mode ( orig9 = ,bact]ia1 h[ev]1 has n be5 s decisively e/abli%$ z might be desir$4 ,) reg>d to ,torul1 we d possess suffici5t evid5ce t5d+ to %[ t "s ( !m may arise f pre-exi/+ fungi1 & we are equally c]ta9 t "s gonidial cells are ?r[n (f f li*5s4 ,! analogical evid5ce is1 !re=e1 9 fav\r ( ! view t m9ute p>ticles :i* are budd$ (f f ! mycelium ( c]ta9 fungi1 may subsequ5tly lead an indep5d5t exi/5ce1 & multiply 9 ! =m ( ,bact]ia--al?\gh _m ( ! cases 9 :i* su* buds seem to be giv5 (f1 may be m]ely cases 9 :i* co-exi/+ ,bact]ia h become adh]5t to fungus filam5ts or to ,torul4#e #b ,phytopa?ologie1 #ahfg4 ,halli] seems1 h[ev]1 /rongly incl9$ to disbelieve 9 ! orig9 ( ^! organisms by ,het]og5esis or by ,ar*ebiosis4 #c ,sitzungsb]4 d] ,k4 ,akad4 zu ,wi51 #ahgj1 ,b& lx41 ,heft iv4 #d ,qu>t]ly ,j\rnal ( ,microscopical ,sci5ce1 ,oct41 #ahgj4 #e ,not)/&+ :at ,pr(essor ,huxley has said1 ,i believe x to be almo/ c]ta9 t 9 _m cases ,bact]ia exi/ 9 a solution 9 :i* !re are nei!r ,torul nor develop$ fungi4 ,&1 on ! o!r h&1 ,i h se5 fungi gr[+ 9 a simple 7boil$7 solution ( t>trate ( ammonia1 = weeks toge!r1 )\t ! appe>ance ( ,bact]ia or ! occurr5ce ( any turbidity ( ! solution2 & on two or ?ree occasions ,i h se5 ,torul sw>m+ 9 an infusion )\t ! pres5ce ( ,bact]ia4 ,b1 ) ref]5ce to ^! suppos$ cases ( budd+1 & also to ^? o!rs 9 :i* ! cont5ts ( a spore or sporangium break up into :at ,pr(essor ,halli] calls 8micrococci0 7:i* are g5]ally incipi5t ,bact]ia71 x w\ld be difficult = u to decide :e!r su* processes are normal or abnormal4 ,:5 we h to d ) su* organisms1 9 fact1 !re may be ! nice/ transitions betwe5 :at is call$ ,homog5esis1 & :at1 :5 occurr+ 9 o!r organisms1 we t]m ,het]og5esis4 ,x may be t ! production ( su* 8micrococci0 f ! spore or sporangium ( ! fungus is n an inv>iable incid5t 9 ! life-hi/ory ( ! species1 b r an occasional result ( ! influ5ce ( unusual conditions1 or ( fail+ vig\r on ! "p ( ! organism4 ,9 ?is latt] case we %\ld h to d ) a process ( ,het]og5esis2 al?\gh1 z ,i h j /at$1 9 respect to su* l[ & *angeable organisms1 sc>cely any di/9ct l9e ( dem>cation c be drawn betwe5 ,homog5esis & ,het]og5esis4 ,! evid5ce seems1 !re=e1 aga9/ ! notion t ,bact]ia or ,torul are ord9>y1 indep5d5t liv+ ?+s1 :i* m]ely reproduce _! l4 ,t "s ,bact]ia are produc$ f pre-exi/+ ,bact]ia1 j z "s ,torul are d]iv$ f pre-exi/+ ,torul1 may1 x is true1 be consid]$ z settl$4 ,b1 s f> z we h yet consid]$ ! subject1 !re may be j z good evid5ce to %[ t ,bact]ia & ,torul are capable ( aris+ de novo1 z !re is t "s ( !m are capable ( develop+ into fungi4 ,if ?is 7 ! case1 su* types c\ld only be reg>d$ z ! mo/ common =ms assum$ by new-born specks ( liv+ matt]2 &1 by reason ( _! orig9--:i* w\ld entail an abs5ce ( all h]$it>y pr$isposition--!y might be suppos$ to be capable ( assum+ high] developm5tal =ms4 ,n[1 z a matt] ( fact1 wor?y ( arre/+ our att5tion1 we d f9d t "s ,bact]ia are capable ( gr[+ into ,lepto?rix1 :il/ ?is is able to develop cont9u\sly into a fungus2 j z we also "k t "s ,torul are capable ( gr[+ into o!r fungi4 ,%\ld x be e/abli%$1 !re=e1 t ,bact]ia & ,torul are capable ( aris+ de novo1 ! facts conc]n+ _! mutability are h>moni\s en\gh ) !oretical indications4 ,b1 z ,i h be=e indicat$1 al?\gh x is q true t "s ,bact]ia develop into fungi1 su* =ms may con/itute no necess>y l9ks 9 ! life-hi/ory ( o!r fungi4 ,i h sugge/$ t 9 ^? 7occasional7 cases 9 :i* !y d occur z l9ks 9 ! life-hi/ory ( fungi1 !re is room = d\bt :e!r ^! ,bact]ia are to be consid]$ z normal products1 or z abnormal results 7het]og5e\s (fca/s71 br\ght ab\t by "s unusual conditions act+ ^u ! p>5t fungus4 ,t is to say1 we may be d\btful :e!r 9 su* a case _! orig9 ought to be consid]$ ,homog5etic or ,het]og5etic4 ,x may be t _m ( ! l[] fungi are su* *angeable organisms1 & s prone to respond to ! v>i\s 8conditions0 act+ ^u !m 7:i* w\ld be almo/ c]ta9ly ! case if !y _h be5 develop$ f a ,bact]ium 9 two or ?ree days--! ,bact]ium itself hav+ be5 evolv$ de novo7 t no v valid di/9ction c "h be drawn betwe5 ,homog5esis & ,het]og5esis4 ,our :ole po9t ( view1 9 fact1 conc]n+ su* fungi z are se5 to develop ?r\gh ,lepto?rix =ms f ,bact]ia mu/ be entirely alt]$1 if x is once conc$$ t ,bact]ia may arise de novo4 ,su* simple ,muc$9e w\ld !n h to be reg>d$ z m]e up/>t organisms only a few removes f dead matt]1 &--9 view ( ! great] molecul> mobility ( liv+ matt]--capable ( be+ modifi$ 9 %ape & =m ev5 m ?an ! mo/ *angeable cry/als "u ! influ5ce ( alt]+ 8conditions40 ,we %\ld h no long] to d ) ! memb]s ( a /able species1 :i* _h be5 reproduc+ its l ?r\gh c\ntless geologic ages ant]ior to ! adv5t ( man ^u ! e>?4 ,inde$1 9 ord] to reconcile su* a possibility ) ! seem+ly contradictory fact ( ! kn[n extreme *angeability ( ^! l[] =ms ( life1 we he> only vague h9ts ?r[n out ab\t our imp]fect k ( ! 8limits )9 :i* species may v>y40 ,z if1 9 ! face ( :at we d "k conc]n+ h]$it>y transmission1 ?is *angeability did n make x almo/ impossible to conceive t !re %\ld h be5 an unbrok5 s]ies ( su* organisms s9ce t remote epo* ( ! e>?'s hi/ory1 :5 ! fir/ organisms ( ! k9d made _! appe>ance4 ,x does n seem to me t ! presum$ p]man5ce ( a v *angeable organism is consi/5t )1 or r5d]$ m explicable by1 ! supposition t "s repres5tatives ( ! species h con/antly be5 und]go+ progressive modifications :i* h be5 successively p]petuat$ by inh]itance1 9 ! %ape ( di/9ct specific =ms4 ,:y %\ld "s be presum$ to h und]gone s mu* *ange1 :il/ o!rs 7pres5t+ an equal & an extreme degree ( modifiability1 ev5 to ! pres5t day7 are suppos$ to h pres]v$ ! same specific =m ?r\gh a c\ntless s]ies ( *ang+ influ5ces8 #b4 ,,het]og5etic ,,mode ,,( ,,orig9 ,,( ,,bact]ia ,,& ,,( ,,torul4 ,x has be5 long kn[n t ,bact]ia & ,torul are frequ5tly to be f\nd )9 vegetable cells1 tak5 ev5 f ! c5tral p>ts ( plants1 :5ev] ^! are 9 a sickly condition or are actually dy+4 ,!y are apt to exi/ also )9 epi!lial cells tak5 f ! inside ( ! m\?2 & ! frequ5cy & abundance ) :i* su* organisms are met ) 9 ^! cells1 is almo/ 9 direct proportion to ! malnutrition & lack ( vital p[] 9 ! individual :o is ! subject ( obs]vation4 ,!n1 aga91 9 p]sons :o h di$ ( adynamic diseases1 9 ! c\rse ( tw5ty-f\r or ?irty-six h\rs 7dur+ w>m wea!r7 ,bact]ia may be f\nd 9 abundance )9 ! blood-vessels ( ! bra9 & ( o!r p>ts1 al?\gh no su* ,bact]ia 7 recognizable 9 ! blood ( ! individual dur+ life4 ,9 ^! cases we mu/1 9 ord] to acc\nt = ! pres5ce ( ! ,bact]ia & ,torul1 ei!r suppose t su* organisms1 9 an embryonic /ate1 are almo/ univ]sally dissem9at$ ?r\gh\t ! v>i\s textures ( high] organisms1 bo? animal & vegetal 7?\gh !y are only able to develop & manife/ !mselves :5 ! high] organisms1 or ! p>ts ( !m 9 :i* ! ,bact]ia or ,torul are met )1 are on ! eve ( dea?71 or else we mu/ imag9e t :5 ! vital activity ( any organism1 :e!r simple or complex1 is on ! wane1 its con/itu5t p>ticles 7be+ /ill portions ( liv+ matt]7 are capable ( individualiz+ !mselves1 & ( gr[+ into ! l[ organisms 9 "q4 ,j z ! life ( "o ( ! cells ( a high] organism may cont9ue = "s "t aft] ! dea? ( ! organism itself1 s1 9 accordance ) ?is latt] view1 may "o ( ! p>ticles ( su* a cell be suppos$ to cont9ue to live aft] ev5 cell-life is impossible4 ,n[1 to _m p]sons1 ! latt] seems to be a mu* simpl] hypo!sis ?an ! =m]1 & "o1 moreov]1 :i* is m 9 accordance ) kn[n facts4 ,p's views1 h[ev]1 on ?is subject are likely to be mu* influ5c$ by _! notions z to ! possibility ( ,bact]ia aris+ by a process ( ,ar*ebiosis4 ,al?\gh "s may be incl9$ to accept ! doctr9e ( ,het]og5esis1 ! same p]sons1 be+ 8vitali/s10 may n readily believe 9 ! doctr9e ( ,ar*ebiosis1 because ?is implies ! vivification ( dead matt]--! conv]sion ( n-liv+ elem5ts into a liv+ comb9ation4 ,^?1 h[ev]1 :o d believe 9 ,ar*ebiosis w--if ! necess>y evid5ce be =?com+--all ! m readily yield _! ass5t to ! doctr9e ( ,het]og5esis1 because x is a mu* less novel ?+ to h to believe 9 ! m]e trans=mation ( liv+ matt]1 ?an 9 ! possibility ( its orig9 de novo4 ,evid5ce ( a tol]ably satisfactory nature1 h[ev]1 is =?com+1 :i* may speak indep5d5tly 9 fav\r ( ! doctr9e ( ,het]og5esis4 ,x has be5 affirm$ by ,crivelli & ,maggi#f t !y h actually se5 ! p>ticles )9 granul> epi!lial cells 7tak5 f ! back ( ! tongue ( a pati5t suff]+ f diabetes7 gr[ & elongate1 s z to give rise to ,bact]ia1 or fuse 9 longitud9al s]ies1 s z to =m a ,vibrio4#g ,&1 moreov]1 z ,i h myself asc]ta9$1 if "o takes heal?y-look+ epi!lial scales scrap$ f ! inside ( ! m\?1 :i* appe> to conta9 no?+ b ! f9e/ granules1 & places !m ) a little saliva 9 a 8live-box0 7& ?is )9 a damp *amb] kept at a temp]ature ( ab\t #ij ,fahr471 9 ! c\rse ( f #e to #aj h\rs1 ! cells may be f\nd to be /udd$ ?r\gh\t ) motionless ,bact]ia4 ,( c\rse x may be said t ! granules orig9ally se5 9 ! cells 7 (fca/s f pre-exi/+ ,bact]ia#h :i* _h ga9$ access to ! cell4 ,& al?\gh1 to _m1 ?is may seem an extremely improbable supposition1 x is1 nev]!less1 "o :i* x w\ld be v difficult to disprove4 ,! improbability ( ! notion is increas$1 moreov]1 :5 we f9d t ,bact]ia1 & ev5 ,torul1 w develop j z freely )9 clos$ cells tak5 f ! v c5tre ( a vegetable tub]1 z !y w 9 ! mid/ ( ! m solid epi!lial cell f ! inside ( ! m\?4 ,if x be urg$ t 9 ?is latt] situation1 !re is ! greate/ *ance ( ! cells be+ br\ght into contact ) ,bact]ia1 & t x mu/ be consid]$ possible = imag9>y m9ute (fca/s f ^! ,bact]ia to make _! own way into ! sub/ance ( ! epi!lial cell1 ,i am q will+ to grant ! desirability ( tak+ su* possibilities into consid]ation4 ,b1 at ! same "t1 x seems all ! less likely t ! actual occurr5ce ( ! ,bact]ia is explicable on ^! gr\nds1 because we f9d !m develop+ j z freely )9 ! cells fre%ly cut f ! c5tre ( a tub]\s root1 or we may f9d !m already develop$ )9 ^! cells1 if ! root has begun to decay4 ,to suppose t actual g]ms ( ,bact]ia & ( ,torul are uni=mly di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! tissues ( high] organisms1 is to h>b\r a hypo!sis :i* w\ld appe> to _m to be devoid ( all probability--m especially :5 ! het]og5etic mode ( orig9 ( l>g] & high] organisms is a matt] ( absolute c]ta9ty4 #f ,r5diconti del ,r4 ,i/it4 ,lomb>do1 ,s]4 ,,ii4 ,vol4 #a1 p4 #aa4 #g ,h[ev] novel su* a mode ( orig9 ( indep5d5t ,bact]ia & ,vibriones may appe> to "s1 x w seem mu* less /range & unlikely to o!rs :o h se51 z ,i h done1 an ,amba1 or an ,act9ophrys-l body1 orig9ate f ! progressive molecul> modifications tak+ place 9 a mass ( *lorophyll & protoplasm )9 ! filam5t ( an alga4 ,_m indep5d5t obs]v]s h wat*$ all ! /ages ( ?is process1 & "s h ev5 se5 ,ciliat$ ,infusoria orig9ate by su* a metamorphic *ange4 #h ,or (fca/s f pre-exi/+ fungi1--con/itut+ ! 8micrococci0 ( ,pr(essor ,halli]4 #c4 ,,orig9 ,,( ,,bact]ia ,,& ,,( ,,torul ,,by ,,ar*ebiosis4 ,! evid5ce on ?is "p ( ! subject is1 ,i ?9k1 %>ply def9$ & conclusive4 ,simple exp]im5ts c be _h rec\rse to1 :i* are n admissible 9 ! discussion ( ! "q z to ! orig9 ( ,bact]ia & ,torul by ,het]og5esis4 ,!re1 we wi% to e/abli% ! fact t liv+ matt] is capable ( und]go+ a c]ta9 metamorphosis1 & consequ5tly1 we mu/ deal ) liv+ matt]4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 ) ! view ( e/abli%+ ! fact t liv+ matt] c arise de novo1 if we are able1 %ortly aft] beg9n+ our exp]im5t1 to arrive at a reasonable & well-bas$ assurance t no liv+ ?+ exi/s 9 ! h]metically seal$ exp]im5tal vessel--if ! measures t we h adopt$ fully entitle u to believe t all liv+ ?+s :i* may h pre-exi/$ !re9 h be5 kill$--we may feel pretty sure t any liv+ organisms :i* are subsequ5tly f\nd1 :5 ! vessel is brok51 mu/ h orig9at$ f "s re-arrangem5ts :i* _h tak5 place among/ ! n-liv+ con/itu5ts ( ! exp]im5tal solutions1 :]eby life-initiat+ comb9ations _h be5 =m$4 ,! possibility ( ! de novo orig9ation ( ,bact]ia1 ,torul1 & o!r su* organisms1 is "o :i* is intimately associat$ ) ! doctr9e z to ! cause ( f]m5tation & putrefaction4 ,) reg>d to ! almo/ inv>iable association ( su* organisms ) "s ( ^! processes1 almo/ all are agre$4 ,!re is1 moreov]1 a v frequ5t association ( p>ticul> k9ds ( organisms ) p>ticul> k9ds ( f]m5tation4 ,h5ce ! assumption is an easy & a natural "o to _m p]sons1 t ! organisms :i* are inv>iably met ) 9 "s cases are ! causes ( ^! f]m5tations1#i al?\gh x is q obvi\s t ! facts on :i* ?is view is bas$1 are equally explicable on ! supposition t ! organisms are concomitant results or products 7due to new *emical comb9ations7 ( ! f]m5tative *anges4 ,9 ! "o case ! f]m5tative *anges are believ$ to be initiat$ by ! influ5ce ( liv+ organisms2 & ^? :o reg>d liv+ ?+s z ! only true f]m5ts1 = ! mo/ "p also believe t liv+ ?+s are incapable ( aris+ de novo4 ,!y ?9k t ^? organisms :i* s]ve to initiate ! *anges 9 "q1 h be5 d]iv$ f a multitud9\s army ( omnipres5t atmosph]ic g]ms1 :i* are always ready1 9 numb] & k9d suitable = e em]g5cy4 ,?is is ! doctr9e ( ,m4 ,pa/eur & o!rs4 ,on ! o!r h&1 f]m5tations & putrefactions may be reg>d$ z sets ( *emical *anges1 :i* are apt to occur 9 organic & o!r complex sub/ances--^! *anges be+ due ei!r to ! intr9sic in/ability ( ! body :i* manife/s !m1 or to molecul> movem5ts communicat$ to x by a /ill m un/able body4 ,b>on ,liebig says3--8,_m organic comp\nds are kn[n1 :i* und]go1 9 pres5ce ( wat]1 alt]ation & metamorphosis1 hav+ a c]ta9 duration1 & ultimately t]m9at+ 9 putrefaction2 :ile o!r organic sub/ances t are n liable to su* alt]ation by !mselves1 nev]!less1 suff] a simil> displacem5t or sep>ation ( _! molecules1 :5 br\ght into contact ) ! f]m5ts40 #i ,f ?is view ! transition is also easy1 ?\gh none ! less illegitimate1 to ! doctr9e t all f]m5tations are caus$ by organisms2 j z x has be5 easy to />t1 & f9d conv]ts =1 ! doctr9e express$ by ! phrase 8omne vivum ex vivo40 ,! di/9ction betwe5 all & "s is only too (t5 ov]look$4 ,ea* sub/ance belong+ to ! fir/ class1 w\ld be at ! same "t1 !re=e1 bo? f]m5t & f]m5table sub/ance2 :il/ a small portion ( su* sub/ance1 :5 br\ght into contact ) a less un/able sub/ance1 might induce su* molecul> movem5ts z to make x und]go a process ( f]m5tation4 ,) reg>d to ! cause ( su* induc$ f]m5tative *anges1 ,g]h>dt#aj says1 9 expla9+ ,liebig's views3--8,e sub/ance :i* decomposes or ent]s into comb9ation is 9 a /ate ( movem5t1 its molecules be+ agitat$2 b s9ce friction1 %ock1 me*anical agitation1 suffice to provoke ! decomposition ( _m sub/ances 7*lor\s acid1 *loride ( nitrog51 fulm9at+ silv]71 !re is all ! m reason :y a *emical decomposition 9 :i* ! molecul> agitation is m complete1 %\ld produce simil> effects ^u c]ta9 sub/ances4 ,9 addition1 bodies are kn[n :i* :5 alone are n decompos$ by c]ta9 ag5ts1 b :i* are attack$1 :5 !y exi/ 9 contact ) o!r bodies incapable ( resi/+ ! influ5ce ( ^! ag5ts4 ,?us plat9um alone does n dissolve 9 nitric acid1 b :5 alli$ ) silv]1 x is easily dissolv$2 pure copp] is n dissolv$ by sulphuric acid1 b x does dissolve 9 ?is :5 x is alli$ ) z9c1 c4 ,accord+ to ,m4 ,liebig x is ! same ) f]m5ts & f]m5table sub/ances2 sug>1 :i* does n *ange :5 x is q alone1 *anges--t is to say f]m5ts--:5 x is 9 contact ) a nitrog5\s sub/ance und]go+ *ange1 t is1 ) a f]m5t40 #aj #8,*imie organique1' #ahef1 t4 iv4 p4 #ehi4 ,?us1 9 accordance ) ?is latt] view1 liv+ f]m5ts are n ne$$--m]e dead1 organic or nitrog5\s matt] suffices to initiate ! processes 9 "q4#aa ,^? :o hold ?is op9ion may or may n believe t organisms are capable ( aris+ de novo2#ab ?\gh !re c be little d\bt t a belief 9 ! tru? ( su* a doctr9e does1 almo/ inevitably1 entail a belief 9 ! de novo orig9ation ( liv+ ?+s4 ,no "o :o has look$ into ! evid5ce1 d\bts ! fact ( ! association betwe5 "s ( ^! processes & ! pres5ce ( organisms2 ! only "q is1 z to ! relation 9 :i* !y /& to "o ano!r4 ,if organisms are n ! causes ( ^? f]m5tative *anges ) :i* !y are inv>iably associat$1 !n !y are1 9 all probability1 ! results ( su* *anges2 & !y mu/ c]ta9ly h be5 produc$ de novo if x c be %[n t f]m5tation or putrefaction may take place "u ! influ5ce ( conditions :i* make x c]ta9 t pre-exi/+ liv+ organisms c\ld h _h no?+ to d ) ! process4 #aa ,^? :o hold ?is op9ion d n ( c\rse d5y t liv+ f]m5ts c initiate f]m5tations4 ,e-day exp]i5ce conv9ces !m ( ! tru? ( ?is4 ,!y m]ely affirm t ! int]v5tion ( vital action is n ess5tial3 !y look ^u f]m5tation z a purely *emical process1 & believe t ev5 9 ^? cases :]e f]m5tation is initiat$ by liv+ organisms 7su* z be]-yea/71 ^!--al?\gh liv+--act *emically ^u ! matt] :i* und]goes f]m5tation4 #ab ,!y may n believe ?is1 because !y may be unaw>e ( ! fact ( ! inv>iable association ( "s organisms ) "s k9ds ( f]m5tations1 & may consequ5tly h nev] conc]n$ !mselves ) ! evid5ce be>+ ^u ?is "p ( ! "q4 7,see ,g]h>dt1 loc4 cit47 ,n[1 9 ord] to l5d "s air ( probability to ! =m] hypo!sis1 conc]n+ ! necessity = ! exi/5ce ( liv+ f]m5ts1 x 0 incumb5t ^u its support]s to endeav\r to %[ t ! air did conta9 su* a multitude ( 8g]ms10 or liv+ ?+s1 z 7 dem&$ by ! requirem5ts ( _! !ory4 ,spallanzani & ,bonnet _h1 z f> z ! imag9ation 0 conc]n$1 done all t 0 necess>y4 ,!y _h proclaim$ ! univ]sal diffusion ( 8g]ms0 ( all k9ds ( organisms ?r\gh\t ! atmosph]e--:i* 7 ready to develop1 :5ev] suitable conditions pres5t$ !mselves4 ,s f>1 h[ev]1 ?is 0 b ano!r hypo!sis4 ,to e/abli% ! doctr9e t f]m5tation _c take place )\t ! ag5cy ( liv+ f]m5ts1 we _c receive hypo!ses 9 evid5ce3 facts are ne$$4 ,^!1 no "o attempt$ to supply 9 an adequate mann]#ac ant]ior to ! inve/igations ( ,m4 ,pa/eur4 ,speak+ ( 8 rese>*es1 ev5 ,m4 ,milne-,edw>ds says1#ad 8,previ\s to ?is "t1 ! exi/5ce ( reproductive p>ticles1 or infusorial g]ms 9 ! atmosph]e 0 no?+ m ?an a plausible hypo!sis1 put =w>d 9 ord] to expla9 ! orig9 ( su* creatures 9 a mann] con=mable ) ! g5]al laws ( reproduction2 b x 0 only a m]e supposition1 & no "o _h be5 able actually to see or to h&le ^! reproductive corpuscles40 #ac ,m4 ,p\*et & o!rs _h exam9$ ! du/ :i* settles on objects1 & among/ mu* dbris ( diff]5t k9ds _h f\nd comp>atively few ova or spores4 ,he _h n1 h[ev]1 up to ?is "t1 filt]$ ! air1 s z to see :at g]ms might be detect$ float+ ab\t 9 ! atmosph]e4 #ad #8,anat4 et ,physiol4 comp>4' t4 viii4 p4 #bfd4 ,we h to look1 !re=e1 to ,m4 ,pa/eur's inve/igations1 & to o!rs :i* may h be5 s9ce conduct$1 = all ! sci5tific evid5ce 9 support ( :at has be5 call$ ! 8,pansp]mic hypo!sis40 ,by an +5i\s me?od ( filtration1 :i* is fully describ$ 9 8 memoir1#ae ,m4 ,pa/eur sep>at$ f ! air t pass$ ?r\gh 8 app>atus ! solid p>ticles :i* x conta9$4 ,?is se>* conv9c$ him t !re 71 z he says1 8con/antly 9 ord9>y air a v>iable numb] ( corpuscles ^: =m & /ructure decl>e !m to be organiz$40 ,"s ( ^!1 he ?9ks1 resemble ! spores ( fungi1 & o!rs ! ova ( ciliat$ infusoria1 ?\gh he adds3--8,b z to affirm+ t ?is is a spore1 mu* less ! spore ( any def9ite species1 & t "o is an egg1 & belong+ to su* an infusorium1 ,i believe t ?is is n possible40 ,he limits himself1 9 fact1 to ! /atem5ts1 t ! corpuscles :i* he f\nd1 7 79 8 op9ion7 evid5tly organiz$2 t !y resembl$ 9 =m & appe>ance ! g]ms ( ! l[] k9ds ( organisms2 & t1 f _! v>iety 9 size1 !y probably belong$ to _m diff]5t sorts ( liv+ ?+s4 ,ev5 "h1 !re=e1 we h to d ) ! impressions ( ,m4 ,pa/eur1 r ?an ) v]ifi$ /atem5ts4 ,all t has be5 e/abli%$ by 8 direct inve/igation z to ! nature ( ! solid bodies conta9$ 9 ! atmosph]e is ?is3 t ! air conta9s a numb] ( r\nd or ovoidal corpuscles1 (t5 q /ructureless1 :i* he c\ld n di/+ui% f ! spores ( fungi#af--"s ( :i*1 be+ ab\t ! "r size1 7 r\nd or ovoidal1 & /ructureless4 ,9 addition1 h[ev]1 x has be5 %[n t ! air conta9s o!r r\nd$ corpuscles :i* are simil>ly /ructureless1 ?\gh compos$ ( silica or />*4 ,x may !re=e be ask$1 9 ! fir/ place1 :e!r ! conclusion is a suffici5tly safe "o t _m ( ! corpuscles f\nd by ,m4 ,pa/eur 7 spores ( fungi2 & 9 ! next place1 suppos+ ?is to h be5 e/abli%$1 :e!r su* spores 7 liv+ or dead4 ,^! que/ions w\ld h be5 answ]$ satisfactorily if ,m4 ,pa/eur c\ld /ate t he _h actually wat*$ ! developm5t ( su* corpuscles1 9 "s suitable app>atus1 into di/9ct organisms4 ,b any su* developm5t1 he di/9ctly /ates1 he nev] witness$4 ,he says#ag3--8,:at w\ld h be5 ! bett] & m direct c\rse w\ld h be5 to foll[ ! developm5t ( ^! g]ms ) ! microscope4 ,su* 0 my int5tion2 b ! app>atus :i* ,i _h devis$ = ?is purpose n hav+ be5 deliv]$ to me at a conv5i5t "t1 ,i 0 div]t$ f ?is inve/igation by o!r "w40 ,! evid5ce :i* he does adduce1 9 subsequ5t portions ( 8 memoir1 9 ord] to prove t "s ( ^! corpuscles 7 really 8f]tile g]ms10 is almo/ valueless1 because all ! facts are op5 to ano!r int]pretation1 :i* is j z mu*1 nay1 ev5 m1 9 accordance ) ,b>on ,liebig's ?an ) 8 own doctr9e ( f]m5tation4 #ae #8,annales de ,*imie et de ,physique1' #ahfb1 t4 lxiv4 p4 #bd4 #af ,^? :i* he believ$ to be eggs ( ciliat$ infusoria1 may be at once dismiss$ f consid]ation1 z we are n at pres5t conc]n$ ) ! orig9 ( organisms ( ?is k9d4 #ag ,loc4 cit4 p4 #cd1 note #a4 ,b ano!r mo/ important consid]ation pres5ts itself4 ,m4 ,pa/eur's rese>*es z to ! nature ( ! du/ conta9$ 9 ! atmosph]e enable him to say no?+ conc]n+ ! pres5ce ( ,bact]ia1 al?\gh he himself admits t ^! are g5]ally ! fir/ organisms :i* display !mselves 9 f]m5tations or putrefactions1 & t 9 a v l>ge majority ( ! cases 9 :i* f]m5tation occurs 9 clos$ vessels !y are ! only organisms :i* make _! appe>ance4#ah ,& yet1 not)/&+ ^! facts1 ,m4 ,pa/eur says1 9 ref]5ce to ! common =m ( ,bact]ium3--8,?is infusorial animal is s small t "o _c di/+ui% its g]m1 & /ill less fix ^u ! pres5ce ( ?is g]m1 if x 7 kn[n1 among/ ! organiz$ corpuscles ( ! du/ :i* is susp5d$ 9 ! air40 #ah ,loc cit4 p4 #ef4 ,"h1 !n1 we h a confession f ,m4 ,pa/eur himself1 t all evid5ce fails1 :]e x is mo/ want$1 9 support ( 8 hypo!sis4 ,if a l>ge numb] ( f]m5tations beg9 ) ! pres5ce ( ,bact]ia z ! only liv+ ?+s1 & if 9 a numb] ( cases no o!r organisms ev] occur1 x is useless to adduce z evid5ce1 9 pro( ( ! view t f]m5tations are always initiat$ by air-d]iv$ organisms1 ! fact t c]ta9 corpuscles 7suppos$ to be spores ( fungi7 are recognizable 9 ! atmosph]e--capp$ by ! di/9ct /atem5t#ai t ,bact]ia or _! g]ms are n recognizable4 ,if ,bact]ia are n recognizable 9 ! atmosph]e1 :at sci5tific evid5ce is !re t ! f]m5tations 9 :i* ^! alone occur are initiat$ by ,bact]ia d]iv$ f ! atmosph]e1 or f c]ta9 imag9>y ,bact]ia g]ms1#bj :i* we are suppos$ to be unable to di/+ui%8 ,m4 ,pa/eur may1 moreov]1 be rem9d$ t :5 he resorts to ! supposition ( ,bact]ia possess+ 8g]ms0 :i* are indi/+ui%able1 he is aga9 resort+ to hypo!sis r ?an to fact1 9 ord] to prove ! tru? ( ! p>ticul> doctr9e ( f]m5tation :i* he advocates4 ,bact]ia are kn[n to reproduce & multiply only by a process ( fission2 ea* ( ! p>ts into :i* !y divide be+ no?+ m ?an a "p ( ! orig9al ,bact]ium1 & !re=e end[$ ) simil> prop]ties ( resi/+ heat1 desiccation1 & o!r ag5cies4 ,any resort to invisible g]ms to acc\nt = ! multiplication ( ,bact]ia1 :i* are kn[n to reproduce freely 9 o!r ways1 is obvi\sly n p]missible1 unless su* po/ulation be m or less necessitat$ by ! occurr5ce ( facts o!rwise inexplicable4 #ai ,see p4 #eg4 #bj ,m4 ,pa/eur's use ( ?is t]m1 9 :i* he is foll[$ by o!rs hold+ simil> op9ions1 is mu* to be deprecat$4 ,hav+ said t he _h f\nd c]ta9 corpuscles :i* resembl$ spores ( fungi1 or ova ( infusoria1 he subsequ5tly speaks ( !m z 8g]ms10 & also applies ! same "n to ! reproductive p>ticles ( ,bact]ia1 :i* he m]ely assumes to be pres5t 9 ! atmosph]e4 ,?us1 hav+ only prov$ t corpuscles resembl+ spores ( "s fungi1 are to be f\nd 9 ! atmosph]e1 he subsequ5tly speaks ( ! pres5ce ( a multitude ( atmosph]ic g]ms z an e/abli%$ fact1 )\t at all prom95tly po9t+ out t1 s f> z ! mo/ important ( ^! are conc]n$--g]ms ( ,bact]ia--_! exi/5ce _h only be5 inf]r$1 & n prov$4 ,al?\gh1 !re=e1 no direct evid5ce has be5 adduc$ t5d+ to %[ t ,bact]ia are pres5t 9 ! atmosph]e1 ev5 if ?is evid5ce _h be5 =?com+1 x w\ld h be5 necess>y1 9 ref]5ce to ,m4 ,pa/eur's hypo!sis1 = x to be supplem5t$ by fur!r evid5ce to ! effect t ,bact]ia 7 well capable ( resi/+ su* an am\nt ( desiccation z mu/ h be5 involv$ by _! pres5ce = an indef9ite "t 9 ! atmosph]e ev5 ( ! hotte/ & drie/ regions ( ! e>?4 ,=1 organic sub/ances 9 solution d n only putrefy 9 moi/ wea!r or moi/ climates2 !y putrefy mo/ rapidly & surely :5 ! temp]ature is high1 & q irrespectively ( ! am\nt ( moi/ure conta9$ 9 ! atmosph]e4 ,a prop]ty ( resi/+ ! effects ( desiccation--! possession ( :i*1 by ,bact]ia1 is s necess>y = ! tru? ( ,m4 ,pa/eur's argum5t--ought to h be5 %[n by sci5tific evid5ce to be a real attribute ( su* organisms2 ?\gh x seems1 on ! contr>y1 to h be5 assum$ to exi/1 ) almo/ equal read9ess by bo? p>ties1 9 ! controv]sies conc]n+ ! possibility ( 8spontane\s g5]ation40 ,?is error may be ascrib$ to ! misguid+ influ5ce ( a trea*]\s analogy4 ,:il/ x may be true t c]ta9 se$s & spores1 & also t ,rotif]s1 8,slo?s10 & "s ,nematoids are capable ( resi/+ ! influ5ce ( a prolong$ exposure to desiccat+ influ5ces1 x may well be ask$1 :e!r ! same fact necess>ily holds good = organisms su* z ,bact]ia1 :i* h no *it9\s or o!r envelopes to protect !m1 & :i* are m]ely m9ute fragm5ts ( nak$ protoplasm4 ,hav+ else:]e#ba %[n h[ f> presumptions _h /ol5 a m>* ^u e/abli%$ facts1 9 ref]5ce to ! suppos$ possession ( a simil> prop]ty by ! ,free ,nematoids1 my eyes 7 op5$ to ! reality ( ?is unc]ta9ty ) reg>d to ,bact]ia4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 no easy matt] def9itely to prove or to disprove ! possession ( ?is prop]ty by organisms s m9ute z ,bact]ia1 & !re=e s difficult to id5tify4 ,if dri$ ,bact]ia are add$ to a drop ( a suitable solution--simil> to t 9 :i* !y _h be5 br$--x soon becomes q impossible to di/+ui% ^? :i* h be5 add$ f ^? :i* arise 9 ! fluid4 ,tak+ into consid]ation ! fate ( o!r simple organisms1 h[ev]1 x is by no means improbable t !y %\ld be kill$ ev5 by a %ort desiccation4 ,i h f\nd1 = in/ance1 t desiccation = half-an-h\r 9 a room at a temp]ature ( #fe ,f4 suffices to kill all ! l>g]1 nak$1 l[] organisms ) :i* ,i h exp]im5t$--includ+ long ,vibrios1 ,amb1 ,monads1 ,*lamydomonads1 ,eugl51 ,desmids1 ,vorticell & all o!r ,ciliat$ ,infusoria4 #ba #8,philosophical ,transactions1' #ahff1 pp4 #faf-fai4 ,b1 c]ta9 indirect evid5ce seems to speak mo/ au?oritatively aga9/ ! supposition t ! air conta9s any notable quantity ( liv+ ,bact]ia1 or ,bact]ia g]ms1 :e!r visible or invisible4 ,i h always f\nd t a simple solution ( ammonic t>trate1 :i* has be5 plac$--)\t previ\s boil+--9 a cork$ bottle ( great] capacity1 w become turbid 9 two or ?ree days1 ow+ to ! pres5ce ( myriads ( ,bact]ia2 :il/ a simil> solution1 previ\sly boil$1 may rema9 = t5 days1 ?ree weeks1 or m1 )\t %[+ ! lea/ trace ( turbidity1 al?\gh ! op5 neck ( ! bottle or flask 9 :i* x is conta9$1 may be cov]$ only by a loose cap ( pap]4 ,& yet1 at any "t1 9 ord] to make ?is fluid become turbid 9 f #bd to #dh h\rs1 all t "o has to d is to br+ x into contact ) a small glass rod :i* has j be5 dipp$ into a solution conta9+ liv+ ,bact]ia4#bb #bb ,! solution1 dur+ ! :ole "t1 be+ expos$ to a temp]ature ( #ge to #he ,f4 ,if we f9d t an em95tly inoculable fluid w rema9 = two or ?ree weeks1 or p]haps m1 9 contact ) ! air )\t becom+ turbid1 ?\gh x w always become turbid 9 two or ?ree days if br\ght into contact ) liv+ ,bact]ia1 :at c we conclude1 b t liv+ ,bact]ia are n v common 9 ! atmosph]e8 ,^! mo/ /rik+ facts c be easily v]ifi$ by o!r obs]v]s4 ,?us we f9d ourselves1 at pres5t1 9 ?is position4 ,aft] all t has be5 said & done to prove ! wond]ful preval5ce ( 8g]ms0 9 ! atmosph]e1 we are really /ill 9 ! region ( hypo!sis--no fur!r advanc$ ?an we 7 9 ! "t ( ,bonnet & ( ,spallanzani1 s f> z x conc]ns ! organisms :i* are all important--,bact]ia4 ,nei!r ^! nor _! g]ms h be5 %[n to exi/ 9 any recognizable abundance 9 ! atmosph]e1 & yet 9 mo/ f]m5tations !y are ! fir/ organisms :i* display !mselves2 :il/ 9 _m su* f]m5tations ,bact]ia alone occur4 ,nay m1 ev5 7 !y pres5t 9 any great abundance1 !re is "s reason to believe t ! majority ( !m w\ld exi/ z m]e dead1 organic p>ticles--because ,bact]ia are m ?an likely to be unable to resi/ any?+ l an extreme or prolong$ exposure to desiccat+ influ5ces4 ,! fir/ & ess5tial data 9 support ( ,m4 ,pa/eur's hypo!sis mu/1 !re=e1 be reg>d$ z entirely unprov$ 9 respect to ,bact]ia--:i* are ! mo/ important ( all organisms1 9 relation to ! cause ( f]m5tation & putrefaction4 ,)\t ! aid ( elaborate exp]im5ts1 h[ev]1 ! evid5ce :i* ! microscope c supply is capable ( lead+ u to ! conclusion t su* se>* = atmosph]ic ,bact]ia g]ms1 0 comp>atively useless4 ,if x c be %[n t ,bact]ia c arise 9 a fluid indep5d5tly ( visible g]ms1 !n1 obvi\sly1 any inquiries z to ! nature ( ! visible cont5ts ( ! atmosph]e1 c h only a v indirect be>+ ^u ! "q z to ! mode ( orig9 ( ^! organisms4 ,& yet by ! aid ( ! microscope1 z ,i h else:]e /at$1 "o c wat* ! appe>ance ( almo/ motionless specks1 m or less uni=mly diffus$ ?r\gh a motionless film ( fluid1 & c see !m gradually develop into mov+ ,bact]ia or into ,torul4 ,s t1 :]e no visible g]ms previ\sly exi/$1 visible p>ticles ( liv+ matt] develop1 & m or less rapidly gr[ into di/9ct ,bact]ia4 ,?is may be be/ se5 9 a drop ( a fre% & v /rong turnip infusion1 :i* has be5 filt]$ sev]al times ?r\gh ! f9e/ pap]4 ,! drop1 plac$ 9 a live-box1 %\ld be flatt5$ into a ?9 film by ! application ( ! cov]4 ,?us protect$1 evaporation takes place v sl[ly1 & ) ! live-box re/+ on "o ( ,/rick]'s hot-wat] plates1 at a temp]ature ( #he to #ij ,f41 & ! latt] ^u ! /age ( ! microscope1 "o c easily select a portion ( ! field 9 :i* ei!r no p>ticles or only a c\ntable numb] exi/4 ,if1 !re=e1 ar\nd & betwe5 any m]e granules :i* may pre-exi/1 or 9 a cle> space1 "o gradually sees 9 ! c\rse ( two or p]haps ?ree h\rs1 a multitude ( almo/ motionless specks 7at fir/ ab\t #a_/ajjjjj 9 diamet]7 9 positions :]e no su* specks previ\sly exi/$2 & if ^! specks may be se5 gradually to increase 9 size & develop into ,bact]ia & ,torul1 !n1 at all ev5ts1 we are able to say t ^! organisms c be develop$ )\t pre-exi/+ visible g]ms1 & we h j ! same am\nt ( actual evid5ce = believ+ t !y h be5 =m$ de novo1 z we %\ld h = believ+ t cry/als _h be5 =m$ de novo1 if we _h se5 !m appe>+ "u our eyes 9 ! same mann]4 ,:e!r !y really arise aft] ! fa%ion ( cry/als1 )\t ! aid ( pre-exi/+ ?\gh invisible g]ms1 is a matt] :i* c only be settl$ inf]5tially1 by a subsequ5t resort to /rict me?ods ( exp]im5tation4 ,see+ h[ev]1 t we are able1 ) ! aid ( ! microscope alone1 to demon/rate t ,bact]ia & ,torul c develop 9 situations :]e no visible g]ms _h previ\sly exi/$1 x is useless1 z ,i h said be=e--s f> z ! "q ( _! mode ( orig9 is conc]n$--to se>* ! atmosph]e to asc]ta9 :at visible g]ms x may conta94 ,if "s ,bact]ia & ,torul arise f g]ms at all1 x mu/ be f g]ms :i* are invisible to u4 ,! f9d+ ( visible g]ms 9 ! atmosph]e c1 !re=e1 only h an indirect be>+ ^u ! solution ( ! problem4 ,s9ce x c be %[n t "s visible spores & ova exi/ 9 ! atmosph]e1 ?is af=ds a c]ta9 am\nt ( w>rant = ! supposition t invisible1 liv+1 reproductive p>ticles may also exi/--m especially if ! exi/5ce ( an am\nt ( organic matt]1 :i* is ord9>ily invisible1 c be reveal$ 9 ! air1 by ! ag5cy ( ! electric beam1 or by any o!r means4 ,no?+ c be m illegitimate1 h[ev]1 9 ! way ( inf]5ce1 ?an ! assumption at once indulg$ 9 by ,pr(4 ,tyndall & o!rs 7:o might h be5 expect$1 by _! previ\s sci5tific "w1 to h le>n$ m caution7 t ?is impalpable organic du/ 0 l>gely compos$ ( impalpable g]ms4 ,yet1 )\t a %ad[ ( pro(1 )\t ev5 an attempt to prove x1 ! air 0 = a "t repres5t$ to be a m]e /irab\t1 ?ick ) invisible g]ms4 ,! briefe/ reflection1 h[ev]1 ^u ! probabilities ( ! case1 %\ld h suffic$ to sugge/ a totally diff]5t int]pretation4 ,! surface ( ! e>? is clo!d ) liv+ ?+s ( all k9ds1 animal & vegetal1 :i* are n only cont9ually ?r[+ (f organic p>ticles & fragm5ts dur+ _! life1 b are con/antly und]go+ processes ( decay & molecul> dis9tegration aft] _! dea?4 ,! actual reproductive elem5ts ( ^! liv+ ?+s are extremely small 9 bulk1 :5 comp>$ ) ! o!r p>ts :i* are n reproductive1 & al?\gh ,bact]ia & ,torul d exi/ abundantly1 & d mat]ially help to br+ ab\t "s ( ! decay 9 "q1 yet _! bulk1 also1 is extremely small 9 comp>ison ) ! am\nt ( organic matt] itself t is cont9ually und]go+ dis9tegration ( a dry k9d1 9 :i* ,bact]ia & ,torul take no "p4 ,:51 moreov]1 x is consid]$ t 9 ! neighb\rhood ( popul\s cities 7! air ( :i* alone exhibits ?is v l>ge quantity ( impalpable1 mix$ ) palpable1 organic du/71 !re is con/antly go+ on a we> & te> ( ! textile fabrics & ( ! organic products ( v>i\s k9ds :i* are daily subs]vi5t to ! wants ( man2 & t ! *imneys ( manufactories & dwell+-h\ses are also cont9ually emitt+ cl\ds ( smoke ?ick ) imp]fectly consum$ organic p>ticles1 "s idea may be ga9$ ( ! manifold s\rces :5ce ! organic p>ticles & fragm5ts f\nd 9 ! atmosph]e may emanate1 & also z to :at proportion ( !m is likely to be compos$ ( liv+ or dead reproductive elem5ts1 or 8g]ms40 ,?us1 !n1 s f> z ! two rival doctr9es ( f]m5tation are conc]n$1 ! inve/igation ( ! nature ( ! solid p>ticles conta9$ 9 ! atmosph]e has reveal$ facts :i* are ?or\ghly 9 h>mony ) all ! requirem5ts ( ,liebig's physical !ory1 ?\gh x has almo/ utt]ly fail$ to give any?+ l a sci5tific basis to ! vital !ory ( ,pa/eur4 ,s f> f be+ able to %[ t liv+ ,bact]ia 7:i* are ! fir/ & (t5times ! only organisms conc]n$ 9 _m processes ( f]m5tation & putrefaction7 are univ]sally diffus$ ?r\gh ! air1 ,pa/eur admits t ^! _c be detect$1 & t _! 8g]ms0 are n recognizable4 ,if1 !re=e1 ,m4 ,pa/eur /ill ma9ta9s ! tru? ( 8 !ory1 x %\ld be di/9ctly und]/ood t x re/s orig9ally1 n ^u e/abli%$ facts1 b ^u a m]e hypo!sis--! hypo!sis t ! air teems ) multitudes ( invisible ,bact]ia g]ms4 ,he is driv5 to su* a doctr9e1 n only by 8 own confessions conc]n+ ,bact]ia1 b also by ! microscopical evid5ce to :i* ,i h ref]r$4 ,s t 9 expla9+ ! results ( any exp]im5ts made ) ! view ( ?r[+ light ^u ! cause ( f]m5tation or putrefaction1 x is especially necess>y to be> 9 m9d two consid]ations3-- ,i4 ,t du/ filt]$ f ! atmosph]e _c be prov$ to include liv+ ,bact]ia2 ?\gh x is kn[n to conta9 a multitude ( organic p>ticles :i* may be capable 9 ! pres5ce ( wat]1 9 accordance ) ,liebig's hypo!sis1 ( act+ z f]m5ts4 ,,ii4 ,x mu/ also be recollect$ t1 9 ! op9ion ( _m1 ,life repres5ts a high] function :i* is display$ by c]ta9 k9ds ( organic matt]2 & t ?is high] function may be det]iorat$ or r5d]$ non-exi/5t by an am\nt ( heat :i* might n be adequate to decompose ! organic matt] itself4 ,x is all ! m necess>y to call att5tion to ^! two consid]ations1 because ,m4 ,pa/eur inv>iably speaks z ?\gh x _h be5 e/abli%$ t ! air conta9s multitudes ( liv+ ,bact]ia1 :51 really1 he _h only prov$ t ! air conta9s a numb] ( corpuscles resembl+ spores ( fungi1 c4 ,&1 z ,i h already intimat$1 ! exi/5ce ( spores ( fungi 9 ! atmosph]e1 h[ev] well e/abli%$1 is ( little or no importance z an explanation ( ! cause ( a v l>ge numb] ( f]m5tations4 ,_! pres5ce is ev5 ( /ill less importance1 ow+ to ! fact ( ! co-exi/5ce ) ^! fungus-spores1 ( multitudes ( organic fragm5ts1 :i*--9 accordance ) ! views ( ,liebig1 ,g]h>dt1 & o!r *emi/s--are capable ( act+ z f]m5ts4 ,to ?is latt] consid]ation ,m4 ,pa/eur nev] ev5 alludes :5 he speaks 7loc4 cit4 p4 #dj7 ( 8 8ensem5cem5ts10 & ( o!r exp]im5ts :i* are equally1 or ev5 m1 capable ( be+ int]pret$ 9 accordance ) ,liebig's views ?an ) 8 own4 ,be>+ ^! consid]ations 9 m9d1 we %all be 9 a bett] position to enquire into ! real int]pretation t may be giv5 to _m ( ,m4 ,pa/eur's results1 & into ! "q z to h[ f> ! facts :i* he records are fav\rable to 8 own1 or to ! adv]se doctr9e conc]n+ ! causes ( f]m5tation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! memoir s (t5 allud$ to on 8,! ,organiz$ ,corpuscles :i* exi/ 9 ! ,atmosph]e10 ,m4 ,pa/eur adduc$ v>i\s k9ds ( evid5ce1 t5d+1 z he ?\ght1 to %[ t ! fir/ ,bact]ia :i* make _! appe>ance 9 putrefy+ or f]m5t+ solutions1 h be5 d]iv$ f liv+ ,bact]ia or _! 8g]ms10 :i* pre-exi/$ 9 ! atmosph]e4 ,"s ( ! exp]im5ts by :i* he endeav\r$ to sub/antiate ?is position 7 ( a v simple nature4 ,_! n>ration attract$ mu* att5tion at ! "t1 z x 0 suppos$ t by _! means ,m4 ,pa/eur _h--z he pr(ess$--conclusively %[n ! errone\sness ( ! views ( ^? :o believ$ 9 :at 0 call$ 8spontane\s g5]ation40 ,^! exp]im5ts 7 soon repeat$ by o!r obs]v]s1 :o1 us+ diff]5t fluids1 obta9$ q opposite results4 ,?us x became obvi\s to imp>tial critics1 t :il/ ! means adopt$ by ,m4 ,pa/eur might be adequate to *eck ! processes ( f]m5tation or putrefaction 9 c]ta9 fluids1 !y 7 q p[]less to effect ?is :5 _m o!r fluids 7 employ$4 ,^! p>ticul> exp]im5ts1 h[ev]1 /ill seem to ex]cise a v great influ5ce on ! m9ds ( _m 9 ?is c\ntry1 :o are ei!r unaw>e (1 or disbelieve 91 ! possibility ( obta9+ opposite results4 ,! *apt] 9 :i* ,m4 ,pa/eur detail$ ^! exp]im5ts is ?us entitl$3--8,ano!r v simple me?od ( demon/rat+ t all ! organiz$ products ( ,infusions 7previ\sly heat$7 owe _! orig9 to ! corpuscles :i* exi/ susp5d$ 9 ! ,atmosph]e40 ,:il/ claim+ to h already rigor\sly e/abli%$ ! validity ( ?is conclusion by ! exp]im5ts describ$ 9 previ\s *apt]s1 ,m4 ,pa/eur adds3--8,if !re rema9$ ! lea/ d\bt on ?is subject1 9 ! m9d ( ! read]1 x w\ld be dissipat$ by ! exp]im5ts ( :i* ,i am n[ ab\t to speak40 7p4 #ff47 ,sweet5$ yea/-wat]1 ur9e1 infusions ( pe> & ( beetroot1 7 plac$ 9 flasks ) long necks1 v>i\sly drawn out & b5t4 ,! flasks 7 subsequ5tly treat$ z foll[s4 ,m4 ,pa/eur says3--8,i !n raise ! liquid to ! boil+-po9t = sev]al m9utes until /eam issues abundantly f ! extremity ( ! drawn-out neck ( ! flask1 :i* is p]mitt$ to rema9 op54 ,i !n all[ ! flask to cool4 ,b1 s+ul> fact--& "o well calculat$ to a/oni% e "o acqua9t$ ) ! delicacy ( ! exp]im5ts relat+ to :at is call$ #8spontane\s g5]ation'--! liquid ( ?is flask w rema9 indef9itely )\t alt]ation4 ,! flask may be h&l$ )\t any fe>1 x may be transport$ f place to place1 all[$ to exp]i5ce all ! seasonal v>iations ( temp]ature1 & its liquid does n und]go ! slighte/ alt]ation1 :il/ x pres]ves its od\r & its ta/e40 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! neck ( "o ( ^! flasks be brok5 (f close to ! flask itself1 !n1 accord+ to ,m4 ,pa/eur1 ! previ\sly unalt]$ fluid w1 9 a day or two1 und]go ! ord9>y *anges1 & sw>m ) ,bact]ia & ,muc$9e4 8,! great int]e/ ( ?is me?od is10 ,m4 ,pa/eur adds1 8t x completes1 unansw]ably1 ! pro( t ! orig9 ( life 9 infusions :i* h be5 rais$ to ! boil+ po9t1 is solely due to ! solid p>ticles#bc :i* are susp5d$ 9 ! air40 ,he believes t any liv+ ?+s pre-exi/+ 9 ! fluid itself w\ld be de/roy$ by ! high temp]ature to :i* x _h be5 rais$2 & t ^? conta9$ 9 ! air ( ! flask w\ld also be de/roy$1 if n expell$1 by ! process ( ebullition4 ,believ+ t ! air is ! s\rce ( g]ms f :i* ,life is fir/ develop$ 9 infusions1 he ?9ks t :at rapidly ent]s at fir/1 on ! cessation ( ebullition1 has its g]ms de/roy$ by contact ) ! almo/ boil+ liquid2 :il/ ! air :i* ent]s subsequ5tly1 & m sl[ly1 is suppos$ to deposit its g]ms 9 ! v>i\s flexures ( ! tubes1 s t none are able to rea* ! fluid itself4 ,infusions1 ?us protect$1 d n und]go putrefaction1 says ,m4 ,pa/eur1 because ! access ( pre-exi/+ liv+ ?+s is necess>y = ! initiation ( ?is *ange1 & su* access is prev5t$ by ! tortu\s & b5t neck ( ! flask4 #bc ,z express$1 ! proposition may be an approximation to ! tru?4 ,m4 ,pa/eur1 h[ev]1 really endeav\rs to lead 8 read]s to believe t ! 8solid p>ticles0 :i* are efficaci\s1 are1 9 all cases1 liv+ 8g]ms40 ,o!rs say t "s fluids submitt$ to ! conditions m5tion$1 w und]go putrefactive *anges1 & t1 !re=e1 ^! exp]im5ts ( ,m4 ,pa/eur are utt]ly incapable ( settl+ ! g5]al "q z to ! cause ( f]m5tation & putrefaction1 & also t conc]n+ ! orig9 ( ,life4 ,al?\gh ackn[l$g+ a c]ta9 difficulty 9 expla9+ ! results :i* are sometimes atta9$ by ?is me?od1 "s ( u w\ld r confess ?is ?an confid5tly (f] explanations--z ,m4 ,pa/eur did--:i* may 9 a %ort "t be /ultifi$ by ! results ( o!r exp]im5ts ) diff]5t fluids4 ,hav+ previ\sly %[n#bd t liv+ ?+s c\ld appe> & multiply 9 su* a flask z ,m4 ,pa/eur describes--9 any flask1 9 fact1--:i* _h be5 h]metically seal$ dur+ ! ebullition ( a suitable fluid )92 ?is 0 deem$ to be a result s contradictory to ! explanations ( ,m4 ,pa/eur1 t x appe>$ ne$less to add my te/imony1 z ,i c\ld h done1 to t ( ,m4 ,victor ,meuni] & o!rs1 z to ! diff]5t results obta9able by op]at+1 9 ,m4 ,pa/eur's fa%ion1 ) diff]5t fluids4 ,x seem$ to me t if organisms 7 to be procur$ 9 flasks f :i* air _h be5 altoge!r expell$1 x 0 useless /ill to urge ! pres]vative virtues ( any process ( filtration ( air--) ! object ( %[+ t liv+ ?+s 9 infusions d]iv$ _! orig9 f atmosph]ic g]ms4 ,obvi\sly1 if !re 7 no atmosph]e1 !re c\ld be no atmosph]ic g]ms pres5t2 & if liv+ ?+s 71 nev]!less1 develop$ "u ^! exclusive circum/ances1 h[ c\ld ,m4 ,pa/eur or 8 disciples /ill expect to conv9ce o!rs t ! fir/ liv+ ?+s 9 infusions always proce$$ f pre-exi/+ atmosph]ic g]ms--ev5 al?\gh x c\ld be %[n1 t 9 _m cases1 :5 ^! 7 filt]$ (f by flasks ) n>r[ & tortu\s necks1 no liv+ ?+s 7 develop$ 9 su* fluids4 ,grant+ to ! full ! tru? ( su* facts1 !y c\ld d no?+ to e/abli% ! doctr9e ( ! orig9 ( infusorial life f pre-exi/+ atmosph]ic g]ms1 s long z x c\ld also be %[n t liv+ ?+s might be develop$ 9 boil$ solutions to :i* air1 in/ead ( be+ filt]$1 0 nev] all[$ to ent] at all4 #bd #8,nature1' #ahgj1 ,no4 #cf1 p4 #aic4 ,x is n1 !re=e1 because ,i ?9k t "s ( ! exp]im5ts :i* w subsequ5tly be relat$ af=d any /rong] or m direct support to my own conclusions1 b because ,i ?9k !y may d ?is indirectly--by %ak+ ! fai? ( _m 9 "s ( ! reason+s ( ,m4 ,pa/eur--t ,i am induc$ to give an acc\nt ( !m4#be #be ,if 8 reason+s c be %[n to be q inconclusive1 & if 8 results c be o!rwise expla9$1 "s p may1 at la/1 beg9 to recognize t _! bl9d & mi/ak5 fai? 9 ,m4 ,pa/eur's "w has be5 some:at misplac$4 ,:at has be5 hi!rto said1 also applies to ! m rec5t /atem5ts conc]n+ ! efficacy ( cotton-wool z an ag5t = filt]+ g]ms f ! atmosph]e4 ,pr(4 ,huxley says he has nev] se5 putrefaction or f]m5tation occur aft] c]ta9 organic fluids h be5 boil$ = t5 or fifte5 m9utes1 if a good plug ( cotton-wool has be5 ins]t$ into ! neck ( ! flask 9 :i* !y are conta9$ :il/ ebullition is go+ on1 & has1 subsequ5tly1 be5 all[$ to rema9 9 ! same situation4 ,us+ o!r or p]haps /rong] fluids1 h[ev]1 ,i h f\nd t su* a me?od ( proce$+ is by no means adequate to /op ! gr[? & developm5t ( organisms4 ,&1 also1 ev5 if x _h be5 always efficaci\s--! reason adduc$ c\ld n hold good1 9 ! face ( my o!r exp]im5ts1 :i* _h %[n t a developm5t ( life might g on 9 cases :]e ! air1 :i* _h be5 simil>ly driv5 out1 0 subsequ5tly1 9 place ( be+ filt]$1 prev5t$ f ga9+ access to ! fluid4 ,if g]ms d]iv$ f ! air are ! sole causes ( putrefaction1 !n1 surely1 deprivation f air ought to be j z efficaci\s z any process ( filtration ( air--m especially :5 ! filtration or ! deprivation h a common />t+ po9t4 ,& ! mode ( proc$ure1 9 bo? cases1 is precisely ! same up to a c]ta9 po9t4 ,a fluid is boil$ = a %ort "t 9 ord] to kill ! g]ms :i* may be )9 ! flask1 & to expel its previ\sly conta9$ air4 ,at a c]ta9 /age ( ! ebullition1 ?is may be arre/$1 if we h to d ) a b5t-neck flask1 or "o ^: neck is plugg$ ) cotton-wool1 & no *ange1 x is said1 w subsequ5tly take place 9 ! conta9$ fluid1 because ! air :i* ent]s is1 by ei!r ( ^! means1 filt]$ f its g]ms4 ,b if1 :il/ ebullition cont9u$1 ! neck ( ! flask _h be5 h]metically seal$--s z altoge!r to prev5t ! re-+ress ( air--& if ! fluid1 ?us conta9$ 9 vacuo1 w\ld nev]!less und]go f]m5tation1 obvi\sly ! =m] explanation mu/ be altoge!r %elv$4 ,9 ! face ( ,m4 ,pa/eur's explanations1 & ^? ( ,pr(essor ,huxley1 ^! frequ5t positive results ) fluids conta9$ 9 vacuo are absolutely contradictory4 ,!re may naturally arise1 !re=e1 a v grave d\bt z to ! validity ( ! explanation adduc$ by ,m4 ,pa/eur1 & adopt$ by ,pr(essor ,huxley & o!rs4 ,all ^! exp]im5ts to :i* ,i h be5 allud+ are bas$ ^u ! supposition 7ass5t$ to by ,pa/eur & ,huxley7 t ,bact]ia :i* pre-exi/$ 9 ! solution w\ld c]ta9ly be de/roy$ by its be+ rais$ = a few m9utes to a temp]ature ( #bab ,f4 ,?is conclusion is1 ,i believe1 p]fectly correct1#bf & 9 support !re( ,i w adduce ! foll[+ additional in=mation4 #bf ,m4 ,pa/eur attempt$ to make a di/9ction 9 ! case ( slightly alkal9e or neutral fluids 7loc4 cit41 pp4 #fj-fe74 ,i h endeav\r$ to %[ ! unt5ability ( 8 conclusion 9 #8,nature1' #ahgj1 ,no4 #cg1 pp4 #bbd-bbg4 ,limits ( #8,vital ,resi/ance' to ,heat display$ by ,bact]ia & ,torul4 ,aft] /at+ else:]e#bg1 t ,vibriones are p>tly brok5 up or dis9tegrat$ by an exposure = a few m9utes to a temp]ature ( #bab ,f4 9 an infusion :i* is be+ boil$1 & also t1 9 all probability1 ! life ( ,bact]ia w\ld be de/roy$ by su* a treatm5t1 ,i made ! foll[+ rem>ks3--8,) ref]5ce to ^! organisms1 h[ev]1 "o caution is necess>y to be borne 9 m9d by ! exp]im5t]4 ,! movem5ts ( monads & ,bact]ia may be1 & frequ5tly are1 ( two k9ds4 ,! "o v>iety does n diff] 9 ! lea/ f ! m]e molecul> or ,br[nian movem5t1 :i* may be witness$ 9 simil>ly m9ute1 n-liv+ p>ticles imm]s$ 9 fluids4 ,:il/ ! o!r seems to be purely vital--t is1 dep5d5t ^u _! prop]ties z liv+ ?+s4 ,^! vital movem5ts are altoge!r diff]5t f ! m]e danc+ oscillations :i* n-liv+ p>ticles display1 z may be se5 :5 ! monad or ,bact]ium d>ts ab\t ov] comp>atively l>ge areas1 s z frequ5tly to disappe> f ! field4 ,aft] an infusion has be5 expos$ = a second or two to ! boil+ temp]ature1 ^! vital movem5ts no long] occur1 ?\gh almo/ all ! monads & ,bact]ia may be se5 to display ! ,br[nian movem5t 9 a well-m>k$ degree4 ,!y seem to be r$uc$ by ! %orte/ exposure to a temp]ature ( #ajj ,c4 to ! condition ( m]e n-liv+ p>ticles1 & !n !y become subject$ to ! unimpair$ influ5ce ( ! physical conditions :i* det]m9e ^! movem5ts40 ,i n[ h v>i\s facts to add 9 confirmation ( ^! conclusions1 & 9 ext5sion ( our k conc]n+ ! vital resi/ance to heat ( ,bact]ia & ,torul4 #bg #8,nature1' #ahgj1 ,no4 #ce1 p4 #aga4 ,x w\ld be a mo/ important /ep if we c\ld asc]ta9 "s means by :i* ^! prim>y movem5ts ( liv+ ,bact]ia might be di/+ui%$ f ! second>y1 or communicat$1 movem5ts ( n-liv+ p>ticles4 ,9 _m cases1 organisms t are truly liv+ may only exhibit v languid movem5ts1 :i*1 z movem5ts1 are q indi/+ui%able f ^? t ! same ,bact]ia may display :5 !y are really dead4 ,because ! movem5ts1 !re=e1 are ( ?is d\btful "*1 p]sons are apt1 unfairly1 to argue t ! ,bact]ia :i* pres5t !m1 are no m liv+ ?an are ! m9ute p>ticles ( c>bon obta9$ f ! flame ( a lamp1 :i* may exhibit simil> movem5ts4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is a po9t ( view :i* becomes obvi\sly mislead+ if too mu* /ress is laid ^u x2 & x is m especially s 9 ?is case1 :5 ^? ,bact]ia :i* display ! mo/ *>act]i/ic sign ( vitality--viz41 8spontane\s0 division or reproduction--d1 at ! "t1 almo/ always exhibit only ! same languid movem5ts4 ,mobility is1 9 fact1 n an ess5tial *>act]i/ic ( liv+ ,bact]ia1 :il/ ! occurr5ce ( ! act ( reproduction is ! mo/ indubitable sign ( _! life4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$1 !re=e1 t any ,bact]ia :i* are almo/ motionless1 or :i* exhibit m]e ,br[nian movem5ts1 may be liv+1 :il/ ^? :i* spontane\sly divide & reproduce1 are c]ta9ly alive--:atev] may be ! k9d ( movem5t !y pres5t4 ,9 any p>ticul> case1 h[ev]1 c we decide :e!r ,bact]ia1 t h be5 submitt$ to a giv5 temp]ature1 & :i* exhibit movem5ts resembl+ ^? kn[n z ,br[nian1 are really dead or liv+8 ,if ! movem5ts are prim>y1 or dep5d5t ^u ! inh]5t molecul> activity ( ! organism itself1 !y ought1 x might be argu$1 to cont9ue :5 ! molecules ( ! fluid are at re/2 if1 on ! o!r h&1 !y are m]e second>y or communicat$ movem5ts1 impress$ ^u ! organisms z !y w\ld be ^u any o!r simil>ly m9ute p>ticles1 by ! molecul> oscillations ( ! fluid 9 :i* !y are conta9$1 !n ! movem5ts ought to gr[ less1 & gradually cease1 z ! fluid approa*es a /ate ( molecul> re/--if ?is be atta9able4 ,foll[+ out ?is idea1 "s mon?s ago1 ,i fir/ te/$ ! correctness ( ! assumption by exp]im5t+ ) fluids conta9+ v>i\s k9ds ( n-liv+ p>ticles2 su* z c>bon-p>ticles f ! flame ( a lamp1 or fre%ly precipitat$ b>ic sulphate4 ,h[ev] p]fect may h be5 ! ,br[nian movem5ts :5 portions ( ^! fluids 7 fir/ exam9$ b5ea? a cov]+-glass1 !y always gradually dim9i%$1 aft] ! specim5 _h be5 m\nt$ by surr\nd+ ! cov]+-glass ) "s cem5t or v>ni%4 ,?us prep>$1 no evaporation c\ld take place f ! ?9 film ( fluid1 & aft] "o1 ?ree1 f\r1 or m h\rs--! slide rema9+ undi/urb$--mo/ ( ! p>ticles _h subsid$1 & 7 f\nd to h come to a /ate ( re/4 ,9 ord] /ill fur!r to te/ ^! views1 ,i took an infusion ( turnip1 conta9+ a multitude ( ,bact]ia ^: movem5ts 7 ( ! languid description1 & divid$ x into two portions4 ,"o ( ^! portions 0 boil$ = ab\t a m9ute1 :il/ ! o!r 0 n int]f]$ )4 ,!n1 aft] ! boil$ solution _h be5 cool$1 a drop 0 tak5 f ea* & plac$ at "s little di/ance f "o ano!r on ! same glass slip2 cov]+-glasses half an in* 9 diamet] 7 laid on1 & ! sup]flu\s fluid b5ea? ea* 0 remov$ by a piece ( blott+-pap]4 ,:5 only ! ?9ne/ film ( fluid 0 left1 ! cov]+-glasses 7 surr\nd$ by a ?ick1 quickly-dry+ cem5t4#bh ,exam9$ ) ! microscope imm$iately aft]w>ds1 x 0 g5]ally f\nd t ! ,bact]ia :i* _h be5 boil$ pres5t$ a %runk5 & %rivell$ aspect--:il/ "s ( !m 7 m or less dis9tegrat$--?\gh1 z f> z movem5t 0 conc]n$1 !re 0 little to di/+ui% t :i* !y manife/$1 f t ( _! plump]-look+ relatives :i* _h n be5 boil$4 #bh ,i always employ a solution ( gum ma/ic & bismu? 9 *lor(orm4 ,if a diff]5t v>ni% be employ$1 x is ( c\rse necess>y to asc]ta9 :e!r its application is injuri\s to ! enclos$ ,bact]ia4 ,if ! specim5s 7 exam9$ aga9 aft] tw5ty-f\r or m h\rs1 !re 0 /ill v little diff]5ce p]ceptible betwe5 !m1 z reg>ds _! movem5ts4 ,& ! same 0 ! case :5 ! specim5s 7 exam9$ aft] a lapse ( "s days or weeks4 ,"o important diff]5ce does1 h[ev]1 soon become obvi\s4 ,! ,bact]ia :i* h n be5 boil$1 und]go a mo/ unmi/akeable increase )9 _! imprison$ habitat2 :il/ ^? :i* h be5 boil$1 d n increase4 ,! two films may be almo/ col\rless at fir/ 7if ! ,bact]ia are n v abundant71 b aft] a few days1 t compos$ ( unboil$ fluid beg9s to %[ an obvi\s & increas+ cl\d9ess1 :i* is nev] manife/$ by ! o!r4 ,microscopical exam9ation %[s t ?is cl\d9ess is due to a proportionate increase 9 ! numb] ( ,bact]ia4 ,is ! cont9uance ( ! movem5ts ( ! organisms :i* _h be5 boil$ attributable to _! extreme lightness1 & to ! slight diff]5ce betwe5 _! specific gravity & t ( ! fluid 9 :i* !y are imm]s$8 ,i soon became conv9c$ t ?is 0 "o1 if n ! *ief reason1 :5 ,i f\nd t ,bact]ia :i* _h be5 submitt$ to v mu* high] temp]atures1 behav$ 9 precisely ! same mann] z ^? :i* _h be5 m]ely boil$1 & also t o!r p>ticles :i*--?\gh obvi\sly dead--_h a simil> specific lightness1 also cont9u$ to exhibit _! ,br[nian movem5ts = days & weeks4 ,?is 0 ! case m especially ) ! m9ute fat p>ticles 9 a m\nt$ specim5 ( boil$ milk1#bi & also ) v m9ute p>ticles :i* 7 gradually precipitat$#cj f a hay infusion t _h be5 heat$ to #cjb ,f4 = f\r h\rs4 ,trials ) _m diff]5t sub/ances1 inde$1 aft] a "t conv9c$ me t ! mo/ rapid cessation ( ,br[nian movem5ts 9 /ation>y films1#ca occurr$ :]e ! p>ticles 7 heavy or l>ge2 & t ! duration ( ! movem5t 0 m & m prolong$1 z ! p>ticles exp]im5t$ )1 7 light] or m m9ute4 ,s t1 :5 we h to d ) ,bact]ia1 ! m9ute oil globules ( milk1 or ) o!r simil>ly light p>ticles1 ! movem5ts cont9ue = an indef9ite "t1 & are1 9 "p1 m]e expon5ts ( ! molecul> unre/ ( ! fluid4 ,!y are always capable ( be+ increas$ or r5ew$ by ! incid5ce ( heat or o!r di/urb+ ag5cies4 #bi ,if an unboil$ specim5 ( milk be m\nt$1 a multiplication ( liv+ p>ticles takes place "h & !re among/ ! fat globules1 j z ! multiplication ( ,bact]ia occurs 9 a vegetable infusion2 b 9 ! boil$ specim5 no trace ( su* multiplication c ev] be detect$4 #cj ,^? p>ticles :i* come to re/1 9 su* cases1 are always 9 contact ) "o or o!r ( ! contigu\s surfaces ( glass4 #ca ,! specific gravity ( ! fluid be+ con/ant4 ,:]e ?is is d5se or viscid1 z ) glyc]9e1 ,br[nian movem5ts d n occur at all4 ,9 respect ( ! movem5ts :i* !y may exhibit1 !re=e1 really liv+1 ?\gh languid1 ,bact]ia1 _c always be discrim9at$ f dead ,bact]ia4 ,bo? may only display m]e ,br[nian movem5ts4 ,x becomes obvi\s1 !n1 t 9 d\btful cases we ought n to rely v /rongly ^u ! "* ( _! movem5ts1 z evid5ce ( ! dea? ( ,bact]ia--al?\gh ^! may frequ5tly be ( s ext5sive a nature z to r5d] x n at all d\btful :e!r ! ,bact]ia :i* display !m are liv+4 ,9 ! exp]im5ts :i* ,i am ab\t to relate1 we %all be able to pron\nce t ! ,bact]ia are liv+ or dead1 by ref]5ce to ! cont9uance or cessation ( _! mo/ ess5tially vital *>act]i/ic4 ,if ,bact]ia fail to multiply 9 a suitable fluid1 & "u suitable conditions1 we h ! be/ pro( t c be obta9$ ( _! dea?4 ,hav+ made _m exp]im5ts ) solutions ( ammonic t>trate & sodic phosphate1 ,i h almo/ inv>iably obs]v$ t su* solutions--:5 expos$ to ! air )\t hav+ be5 boil$--become turbid 9 ! c\rse ( a few days ow+ to ! pres5ce ( myriads ( ,bact]ia & ,vibriones1 ) "s ,torul4 ,^! organisms seem to appe> & multiply 9 su* a solution almo/ z readily z !y d 9 an organic infusion4 ,on ! o!r h&1 hav+ frequ5tly boil$ su* solutions1 & clos$ ! flasks dur+ ebullition1 ,i h inv>iably f\nd1 on subsequ5t exam9ation ( ^! fluids1 t :atev] else may h be5 met )1 ,bact]ia & ,vibriones 7 always abs5t4 ,! diff]5ce 0 mo/ notable1 & x seem$ only intelligible on ! supposition t any liv+ ,bact]ia or dead f]m5ts :i* may h pre-exi/$ 9 ! solution1 7 depriv$ ( _! virtues by ! prelim9>y boil+4 ,^! exp]im5ts also seem$ to %[ t su* solutions1 aft] hav+ be5 boil$1 & %ut up 9 h]metically-seal$ flasks1 f :i* all air _h be5 expell$1 7 q incapable ( giv+ bir? to ,bact]ia4 ,! unboil$ fluid1 expos$ to ! air1 might h become turbid1 because x 0 able to n\ri% any liv+ ,bact]ia :i* x may h conta9$1 or because x 0 capable ( evolv+ ^! de novo1 "u ! influ5ce ( dead f]m5ts ^: activity _h n be5 de/roy$ by heat4 ,h5ce we h a fluid :i* is em95tly suitable = te/+ ! vital resi/ance ( ,bact]ia1--"o :i*1 al?\gh q capable ( n\ri%+ & fav\r+ _! reproduction1 does n appe> capable ( evolv+ !m1 :51 aft] previ\s ebullition1 x is enclos$ 9 a h]metically seal$ flask f :i* all air has be5 expell$4 ,?ree flasks 7 half-fill$ ) ?is solution4#cb ,! neck ( ! fir/ 7a7 0 all[$ to rema9 op51 & no addition 0 made to ! fluid4 ,to ! second 7b71 aft] x _h be5 boil$ & _h become cool1 0 add$ half a m9im ( a simil> sal9e solution1 :i* _h be5 previ\sly expos$ to ! air1 & :i* 0 q turbid ) ,bact]ia1 ,vibriones & ,torul4 ,f ?is flask--aft] its inoculation ) ! liv+ organisms--! air 0 exhau/$ by means ( an air-pump1 & its neck 0 h]metically seal$ dur+ ! ebullition ( ! fluid1 )\t ! flask & its cont5ts hav+ be5 expos$ to a heat ( m ?an #ij ,f4 ,! ?ird flask 7c7 0 simil>ly inoculat$ ) liv+ ,bact]ia1 al?\gh its cont5ts 7 boil$ = t5 m9utes 7at #bab ,f471 & its neck 0 h]metically seal$ dur+ ebullition4 ,! results 7 z foll[s3--! solution 9 ! fir/ flask 7a71 became turbid 9 f\r or five days2 ! solution 9 ! second 7b71 became turbid aft] ?irty-six h\rs2 :il/ t 9 ! ?ird flask 7c71 rema9$ p]fectly cle>4 ,?is latt] flask 0 op5$ on ! twelf? day1 :il/ its cont5ts 7 /ill cle>1 & on microscopical exam9ation ( ! fluid no liv+ ,bact]ia 7 to be f\nd4 ,?is p>ticul> exp]im5t 0 repeat$ ?ree times ) simil>ly negative results1 al?\gh on two occasions ! fluid 0 only boil$ = "o m9ute in/ead ( t54 #cb ,9 ! proportion ( t5 gra9s ( neutral ammonic t>trate1 ) ?ree gra9s ( neutral sodic phosphate1 to an ounce ( di/ill$ wat]4 ,x seem$1 moreov]1 t by hav+ rec\rse to exp]im5ts ( ! same k9d1 ! exact degree ( heat1 :i* is fatal to ,bact]ia & ,torul might be asc]ta9$4 ,i accord+ly endeav\r$ to det]m9e ?is po9t4 ,portions ( ! same sal9e solution1 aft] hav+ be5 boil$#cc & all[$ to cool1 7 simil>ly inoculat$ ) a drop#cd ( v turbid fluid1 conta9+ hundr$s ( liv+ ,bact]ia1 ,vibriones1 & ,torul4 ,a dry+ app>atus 0 fix$ to an air-pump1 & ! flask conta9+ ! inoculat$ fluid 0 securely connect$ ) ! =m] by means ( a piece ( tight india-rubb] tub+1#ce aft] its neck _h be5 drawn out & n>r[$1 at ab\t two in*es f ! extremity4 ,! flask conta9+ ! inoculat$ fluid 0 !n all[$ to dip into a beak] hold+ wat] at #abb ,f41 9 :i* a !rmomet] 0 imm]s$4 ,! temp]ature ( ! fluid 0 ma9ta9$ at ?is po9t = fifte5 m9utes1#cf by means ( a _s lamp b5ea? ! beak]4 ,! air 0 !n exhau/$ f ! flask by means ( ! pump1 till ! fluid began to boil2 ebullition 0 all[$ to cont9ue = a m9ute or two1 s z to expel z mu* air z possible f ! flask1 & !n1 dur+ its cont9uance1 ! n>r[$ neck ( ! flask 0 h]metically seal$ by means ( a _s-lamp flame & a bl[pipe4 ,o!r flasks 7 simil>ly prep>$1 except t !y 7 expos$ to successively high] degrees ( heat--! fluid be+ boil$ (f1 9 diff]5t cases1 at temp]atures ( #aca1 #adj1 #adi1 #aeh1 & #afg ,f4 ,all ! flasks be+ simil>ly inoculat$ ) liv+ ,bact]ia1 ,vibriones1 & ,torul1 & simil>ly seal$ dur+ ebullition1 !y diff]$ f "o ano!r only 9 respect to ! degree ( heat to :i* !y _h be5 submitt$4 ,_! bulbs 7 subsequ5tly plac$ 9 a wat] ba?1 :i* dur+ bo? day & night 0 ma9ta9$ at a temp]ature ( f #he to #ie ,f4 ,! results h be5 z foll[s3--,! flasks ^: cont5ts _h be5 heat$ to #abb & #aca ,f4 respectively1 began to exhibit a blui% t+e 9 ! conta9$ fluid aft] ! fir/ or second day2 & aft] two or ?ree m days1 ! fluid 9 ea* became q turbid & opaque1 ow+ to ! pres5ce & multiplication ( myriads ( ,bact]ia1 ,vibriones & ,torul2 ! fluids 9 ! flasks1 h[ev]1 :i* _h be5 expos$ to ! high] temp]ature ( #adj1 #adi1 #aeh1 & #afg ,f41 %[$ n ! slighte/ trace ( turbidity1 & no dim9ution 9 ! cle>ness ( ! fluid :ile !y 7 kept "u obs]vation--t is1 = a p]iod ( twelve or f\rte5 days4 ,"o k9d ( conclusion only is to be drawn f ^! exp]im5ts1 ! conditions ( :i* 7 9 e way simil>1 except z reg>ds ! degree ( heat to :i* ! inoculat$ fluids 7 subject$--see+ t ! organisms 7 conta9$ 9 a fluid1 :i* _h be5 prov$ to be em95tly suitable = _! gr[? & multiplication4#cg ,if inoculat$ fluids :i* h be5 rais$ to #abb & #aca ,f4 = t5 m9utes1 are f\nd 9 ! c\rse ( a few days to become turbid1 !n1 obvi\sly1 ! organisms _c h be5 kill$ by su* exposure2 :il/1 if simil> fluids1 simil>ly inoculat$1 :i* h be5 rais$ to temp]atures ( #adj1 #adi1 #aeh1 & #afg ,f4 rema9 /]ile1 su* /]ility c only be expla9$ by ! supposition t ! organisms h be5 kill$ by exposure to ^! temp]atures4 #cc ,x 0 necess>y to boil ! solution fir/1 9 ord] to de/roy any liv+ ?+s or dead f]m5ts :i* x might conta94 ,x mu/ conta9 "o or ! o!r1 because an unboil$ solution ( ?is k9d1 9 a cork$ bottle ab\t half full1 w always become turbid2 :il/1 aft] x has be5 boil$1 x may be kept indef9itely "u simil> conditions )\t becom+ turbid4 #cd ,! proportion 0 "o drop ( ! fluid1 opaque ) organisms1 to an ounce ( ! cle> solution4 #ce ,into :i* a piece ( glass tube _h be5 slipp$ to prev5t collapse4 #cf ,all[+ ev5 five m9utes = ! temp]ature ( ! #a oz4 ( fluid to become equal to t ( ! ba?1 x w\ld !n h rema9$ expos$ to ?is am\nt ( heat = ab\t t5 m9utes4 #cg ,fluids :i* _h rema9$ /]ile w\ld always1 9 ! c\rse ( ?irty-six or =ty-eight h\rs aft] inoculation ) liv+ ,bact]ia1 become m or less turbid4 ,"s ( ^! exp]im5ts h be5 repeat$ sev]al times ) ! same results4 ,on ?ree occasions1 ,i h f\nd ! fluid spe$ily become turbid1 :i* _h only be5 expos$ to #aca ,f4 = t5 m9utes1 :il/ on ?ree o!r occasions ,i h f\nd ! inoculat$ fluid rema9 cle>1 aft] x _h be5 expos$ to a heat ( #adj ,f4 = t5 m9utes4#ch #ch ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ano!r po9t ( extreme int]e/ 9 connection ) ^! exp]im5ts1 be>+ ^u ! suppos$ univ]sal di/ribution ( 8g]ms0 ( ,bact]ia & o!r organisms1 :i* ,i w n[ m5tion4 ,"o ( ! flasks1 :i* _h be5 expos$ to #adj ,f41 & :i* _h be5 h]metically seal$ at ?is temp]ature1 _h its neck crack$ 7accid5tally7 ab\t half an h\r aft]w>ds4 ,?9k+ x w\ld be z well1 not)/&+ ?is1 to keep x & obs]ve ! result1 its bulb 0 imm]s$ 9 ! same wat]-ba? ) ! o!r flasks :i* _h be5 prep>$ at ! same "t4 ,:il/ ! fluid 9 "o ( ^! :i* _h be5 expos$ to a heat ( #aca ,f41 became turbid 9 ! c\rse ( a few days1 ?is1 :i* _h be5 expos$ to a heat ( #adj ,f4 & ^: neck 0 also ext5sively crack$1 rema9$ q cle> = sev5 days1 al?\gh to su* an ext5t expos$ to ! access ( g]ms4 ,its em95t suitability = n\ri%+ ! g]ms ( su* organisms 0 also %[n1 because1 on ! sev5? day1 ! fluid be+ /ill cle>1 ! blade ( a p5knife 0 dipp$ into x1 aft] hav+ be5 previ\sly imm]s$ 9 a solution conta9+ liv+ ,bact]ia & ,torul1 & 9 ?irty-six h\rs aft] ?is inoculation1 ! fluid _h become turbid1 ow+ to ! pres5ce ( myriads ( ^! organisms4 ,s t ev5 :]e obvi\s cracks occur1 & ! vacuum is altoge!r impair$ by ! consequ5t inru% ( air1 su* air does n necess>ily c>ry ) x g]ms ( ,bact]ia--:i* h be5 suppos$ to be univ]sally diffus$1 & capable ( pass+ ?r\gh cracks s m9ute z to be invisible4 ,^! results1 important z !y are1 h n at all surpris$ me1 because "o may frequ5tly f9d a previ\sly boil$ solution ( ! k9d "u consid]ation1 rema9+ free f turbidity = two weeks or m1 al?\gh ! neck ( ! flask has be5 m]ely cov]$ by a loose pap]-cap 7see p4 #cj74 ,9 exp]im5t+ ^u r high] organisms1 ) :i* !re is little difficulty 9 asc]ta9+1 by microscopical exam9ation1 :e!r !y are liv+ or dead1 ,i h f\nd t an exposure ev5 to ! l[] temp]ature ( #aca ,f4 = five m9utes1 always suffices to de/roy all signs ( life 9 ,vibrios1 ,amb1 ,monads1 ,*lamydomonads1 ,eugl51 ,desmids1 ,vorticell1 & all o!r ,ciliat$ ,infusoria :i* 7 obs]v$1 z well z 9 free ,nematoids1 ,rotif]s1 & o!r organisms conta9$ 9 ! fluids :i* _h be5 heat$4 ,^! results are q 9 h>mony ) ! obs]vations & exp]im5ts ( ,m4 ,p\*et & ( ,pr(essor ,wyman1 z to ! capability ( resi/+ heat display$ by ,vibriones & all k9ds ( ciliat$ infusoria4 ,accord+ to ! =m]1#ci ! majority ( ciliat$ infusoria are kill$ at1 or ev5 bel[1 ! temp]ature ( #abb ,f41 :il/ l>ge ,vibriones are all kill$ at a temp]ature ( #aca ,f4#dj ,accord+ to ! obs]vations ( ,pr(essor ,wyman1 ! motions ( all ciliat$ infusoria are /opp$ at less ?an #acj ,f41 :il/ ,vibriones1 tak5 f ! mo/ v>i\s s\rces1 also seem$ to be kill$ at temp]atures betwe5 #acj-acf4d ,f4 ,simil>ly1 we f9d ,b>on ,liebig q rec5tly mak+ ! foll[+ rem>ks conc]n+ a species ( ,torula3--8,a temp]ature ( #fj ,c4 #adj ,f4 kills ! yea/ cells2 aft] exposure to ?is temp]ature 9 wat]1 !y no long] und]go f]m5tation1 & d n cause f]m5tation 9 a sug> solution4444 ,9 l mann]1 active f]m5tation 9 a sac*>9e liquid is /opp$ :5 ! liquid is heat$ to #fj ,c41 & x does n recomm5ce aga9 on cool+ ! liquid40 #ci #8,n\velles ,expri5ces1' etc41 #ahfd1 p4 #ch4 #dj #8,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce & ,arts1' ,oct4 #ahfg4 ,t ! organisms 9 "q--be+ m9ute nak$ portions ( liv+ matt]--%\ld be kill$ by exposure to ! influ5ce ( a fluid at ^! temp]atures w p]haps n seem v improbable to ^? :o h attempt$ to keep _! f+]s = any l5g? ( "t 9 wat] heat$ to a simil> ext5t4 ,) wat* 9 h& ,i imm]s$ my f+]s 9 "o ( ! exp]im5tal beak]s conta9+ wat] at #aca ,f41 & f\nd t1 9 spite ( my desires1 !y 7 ha/ily )drawn1 aft] an exposure ( less ?an five-&-tw5ty seconds4 ,wi%+ to asc]ta9 :at diff]5ce !re w\ld be if ! inoculat$ fluids 7 expos$ = a v long "t1 in/ead ( = t5 m9utes only1 to c]ta9 temp]atures1 ,i prep>$ ?ree flasks 9 ! same mann]--ea* conta9+ "s ( ! previ\sly boil$ solution1 :i*1 :5 cold1 _h be5 inoculat$ ) liv+ ,bact]ia1 ,vibriones1 & ,torul4 ,^! flasks & _! cont5ts 7 !n submitt$ to ! influ5ce ( ! foll[+ conditions3--,"o ( !m 0 heat$ = a few m9utes 9 a beak] conta9+ wat] at #aac ,f41 & !n by means ( ! air-pump a p>tial vacuum 0 procur$1 till ! fluid began to boil4 ,aft] ! rema9d] ( ! air _h be5 expell$ by ! ebullition ( ! fluid1 ! neck ( ! flask 0 h]metically seal$1 & ! flask itself 0 subsequ5tly imm]s$ 9 ! wat] ( ! beak]1 :i* 0 kept = f\r h\rs at a temp]ature betwe5 #aac & #aah-a_/b ,f4#da ,! two o!r flasks simil>ly prep>$ 7 kept at a temp]ature ( #aah-a_/b - #abg-a_/b ,f4 = f\r h\rs4 ,9 two days1 ! fluid 9 ! fir/ flask became slightly turbid1 :il/ 9 two days m ! turbidity 0 mo/ m>k$4 ,! fluid 9 ! two o!r flasks :i* _h be5 expos$ to ! temp]ature ( #aah-a_/b - #abg-a_/b ,f4 = f\r h\rs1 rema9$ q cle> & unalt]$ dur+ ! twelve days 9 :i* !y 7 kept 9 ! w>m ba? "u obs]vation4 ,^! exp]im5ts seem to %[1 !re=e1 t ! prolongation ( ! p]iod ( exposure to f\r h\rs1 suffices to l[] ! vital resi/ance to heat ( ,bact]ia & ,torul by #ad-a_/b - #ah ,f4 #da ,dur+ ne>ly ! :ole ( ! "t ! temp]ature 0 kept at #aac ,f4 ,x only rose to ! high] temp]ature = ab\t t5 m9utes4 ,su* exp]im5ts w\ld seem to be mo/ important & crucial 9 _! nature4 ,!y may be consid]$ to settle ! "q z to ! vital resi/ance ( ^! p>ticul> ,bact]ia1 :il/ o!r evid5ce po9ts conclusively 9 ! direction t all ,bact]ia1 :5cesoev] !y h be5 d]iv$1 possess ess5tially simil> vital end[m5ts#db4 ,see+ also t ! solutions h be5 inoculat$ ) a drop ( a fluid 9 :i* ,bact]ia1 ,vibriones1 & ,torul are multiply+ rapidly1 we mu/ suppose t !y are multiply+ 9 _! accu/om$ mann]1 z mu* by ! kn[n me?od ( fission1 z by any unkn[n & assum$ me?od ( reproduction4 ,9 su* a fluid1 at all ev5ts1 !re w\ld be all ! k9ds ( reproductive elem5ts common to ,bact]ia1 :e!r visible or invisible1 & ^! w\ld h be5 alike subject$ to ! influ5ce ( ! same temp]ature4 ,^! exp]im5ts seem to %[1 !re=e1 t ev5 if ,bact]ia d multiply by means ( invisible gemmules z well z by ! kn[n process ( fission1 su* invisible p>ticles possess no high] p[] ( resi/+ ! de/ructive influ5ce ( heat ?an ! p>5t ,bact]ia !mselves possess4 ,?is result is1 moreov]1 z ,i v5ture to ?9k1 9 accordance ) :at might h be5 anticipat$ priori4 ,bact]ia seem to be compos$ ( homog5e\s liv+ matt]1 & any gemmule1 h[ev] m9ute1 c\ld only be a portion ( su* liv+ matt]1 end[$ ) simil> prop]ties4 #db ,! ,bact]ia & ,vibriones ) :i* ,pr(essor ,wyman exp]im5t$ 7 d]iv$ f diff]5t s\rces2 & s f> z ,i also h be5 able to asc]ta91 ! ,bact]ia ( diff]5t fluids are simil>ly affect$ by exposure to simil> degrees ( heat4 ,?us1 if on ! same slip1 ?\gh "u diff]5t cov]+ glasses1 specim5s ( a hay infusion1 turbid ) ,bact]ia1 are m\nt$1 7a7 )\t be+ heat$1 7b7 aft] ! fluid has be5 rais$ to #abb ,f4 = t5 m9utes1 & 7c7 aft] ! fluid has be5 heat$ to #adj ,f4 = t5 m9utes1 x w be f\nd t1 9 ! c\rse ( a few days1 ! ,bact]ia "u a & b h notably increas$ 9 quantity1 :il/ ^? "u c d n become m num]\s1 h[ev] long ! slide is kept4 ,facts ( ! same k9d are obs]vable if a turnip infusion1 conta9+ liv+ ,bact]ia1 is exp]im5t$ )2 & ! ph5om5a are 9 no way diff]5t if a solution ( ammonic t>trate & sodic phosphate 7conta9+ ,bact]ia7 be employ$ in/ead ( "o ( ^! vegetable infusions4 ,! multiplication ( ! ,bact]ia b5ea? ! cov]+-glass1 :5 x occurs1 is soon r5d]$ obvi\s1 ev5 to ! nak$ eye1 by ! increas+ cl\d9ess ( ! film4 ,ext5t to :i* boil$ ,f]m5table ,fluids may be pres]v$ 9 ,vessels ) ,b5t ,necks1 or 9 ^? ^: ,necks are gu>d$ by a ,plug ( ,cotton-,wool4 ,hav+ ?us satisfi$ ourselves z to ! tru? ( ! conclusion t ,bact]ia are kill$ :5 ! fluid conta9+ !m is boil$ 7at #bab ,f471 we are 9 a position to proce$ ) ! inquiry z to ! evid5ce :i* exi/s 9 respect to ! /atem5ts made by ,m4 ,pa/eur1 ,pr(essor ,huxley1 & o!rs1 t f]m5table fluids :i* h be5 boil$1 w n und]go f]m5tation1 ei!r 9 vessels ^: necks h be5 _m times b5t1 or 9 ^? into ^: necks a plug ( cotton-wool has be5 ins]t$ dur+ ! ebullition ( _! conta9$ fluid4 ,organisms are n f\nd 9 su* cases1 !y say1 because ! 8g]ms0 f :i* ! l[ organisms ( infusions are usually produc$1 are arre/$ ei!r 9 ! flexures ( ! tube or 9 ! cotton-wool4 ,z ,i h be=e /at$1 h[ev]1 x is obvi\s t if ?is explanation be ! correct "o1 ! pres]vation %\ld be equally well m>k$ 9 all cases--q irrespectively ( ! am\nt ( album5oid or o!r nitrog5\s mat]ial :i* may be conta9$ 9 ! fluid4 ,any exceptions to ! rule %\ld at once sugge/ d\bts z to ! validity ( ! explanation4 ,x 0 %[n#dc 9 #ahfe by ,m4 ,victor ,meuni] t "s fluids 7 pres]v$ aft] hav+ be5 boil$ 9 a vessel ( ?is k9d1 :il/ o!rs1 submitt$ to ! same treatm5t1 spe$ily became turbid f ! pres5ce ( ,bact]ia & o!r organisms4#dd ,by ^! exp]im5ts he asc]ta9$ t /rong infusions did frequ5tly *ange1 :il/ weak ones might be pres]v$2 & t ev5 a /rong infusion might be prev5t$ f und]go+ *ange if ! p]iod ( ebullition 7 suffici5tly prolong$4 #dc #8,compt4 ,r5d41' t4 lxi4 p4 #ajfj4 #dd ,:5 boil$ solutions1 conta9+ mannite1 ) a little nitrate & phosphate ( ammonia1 7 employ$1 !y always rema9$ /]ile4 ,simil> negative results foll[$ ! employm5t ( ox-gall4 ,( ?ree decoctions ( beef ) :i* ,m4 ,meuni] exp]im5t$1 ! two /rong] ( !m 7 f\nd to conta9 sw>ms ( ,bact]ia 9 ab\t twelve days4 ,( ?ree o!r flasks conta9+ boil$ ur9e1 two also prov$ f]tile4 ,! fluids mo/ frequ5tly employ$ by ,m4 ,pa/eur 7 yea/-wat]1 ! same sweet5$ by sug>1 ur9e1 infusion ( beetroot1 & infusion ( pe>4 ,tak+ ur9e z a fair example ( su* a fluid1 ,i h f\nd t ! /atem5ts ( ,m4 ,pa/eur & ( ,pr(essor ,li/] are p]fectly correct4 ,?is fluid may g5]ally rema9 = an indef9ite p]iod 9 su* vessels#de )\t becom+ turbid1 or und]go+ any app>5t *ange4 ,! same is g5]ally f\nd to be ! case ) an infusion ( turnip1 & occasionally an infusion ( hay may be simil>ly prev5t$ f und]go+ f]m5tation4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if ! turnip-solution be neutraliz$ by ! addition ( a little ammonic c>bonate1 or liquor potass2 or1 bett] /ill1 if ev5 half a gra9 ( new *eese be add$ to ! infusion be=e x is boil$1 !n ,i h f\nd t ! fluid spe$ily becomes turbid1 ow+ to ! appe>ance ( multitudes ( ,bact]ia4 ,9 an infusion to :i* a fragm5t ( *eese _h be5 add$1 ,i h se5 a pellicle =m 9 ?ree days1 :i*1 on microscopical exam9ation1 prov$ to be compos$ ( an aggregation ( ,bact]ia1 ,vibriones1 & ,lepto?rix filam5ts4 ,a mixture ( album9\s ur9e & turnip-infusion has also rapidly become turbid 9 a vessel ( ?is k9d ow+ to ! appe>ance ( multitudes ( ,bact]ia1 & s has a mixture conta9+ "o-?ird ( heal?y ur9e ) two-?irds ( infusion ( turnip4 #de ,i h employ$ flasks ( ab\t #a-a_/b oz4 9 capacity1 provid$ ) necks two feet 9 l5g?4 ,9 ea* case1 aft] ! flask has be5 half fill$ ) ! fluid1 ! neck has be5 b5t eight times at an acute angle4 ,o!r infusions h be5 boil$ = t5 m9utes 9 a vessel ) a horizontal neck two feet long1 into :i*1 dur+ ebullition1 a good plug ( cotton-wool _h be5 c>efully pu%$ d[n = a dep? ( twelve or f\rte5 in*es1 & cauti\sly increas$ 9 quantity dur+ ! cont9uance ( ! ebullition2 :il/ imm$iately aft] ! )drawal ( ! heat1 ! plug 0 press$ clos]1 & all ! out] unoccupi$ portion ( ! tube 0 rapidly fill$ up 9 ! same mann]4 ,pres]v$ 9 su* a vessel1 a specim5 ( ur9e rema9$ un*ang$2 a hay-infusion also und]w5t no app>5t alt]ation2 :il/ a v /rong infusion ( turnip became turbid 9 five days1 & ultimately %[$ a l>ge quantity ( deposit4#df #df ,^! are ! only exp]im5ts :i* ,i h p]=m$ ) ! v long plugs ( cotton-wool1 ?\gh 9 o!r previ\s trials ) plugs ab\t #a-a_/b 94 long1 ,i h sev]al times obta9$ positive results4 ,?us ! rules laid d[n by ,pa/eur & o!rs are n univ]sal1 & !re=e1 z ,i h previ\sly po9t$ out1 ! explanation :i* he adduc$ ( ! pres]vation ( ^? p>ticul> fluids :i* rema9$ un*ang$ is at once r5d]$ d\btful4 ,m especially is !re room = d\bt on ?is subject :51 z ,i h f\nd1 ! result ( ! exp]im5t c be1 )9 c]ta9 limits1 pr$icat$ be=eh&1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! fluid employ$4 ,if all organisms proce$ f pre-exi/+ g]ms1 & ^! c be filt]$ f ! air by a c]ta9 me*anical contrivance1 !n1 if x be alleg$ t x is on acc\nt ( su* filtration t c]ta9 boil$ fluids d n *ange1 all fluids plac$ "u ^! conditions ought1 on ?is !ory1 to be simil>ly pres]v$4 ,exceptional cases _c be acc\nt$ = on ?is hypo!sis4 ,to o!rs1 h[ev]1 :o say t organisms are capable ( aris+ de novo1 & t f]m5tation c be initiat$ )\t ! ag5cy ( liv+ ?+s1 ! above facts appe> q natural4 ,! m complex ! nitrog5\s or prote9 mat]ials conta9$ 9 a solution1 ! m is x fitt$ to und]go f]m5tative *anges1 :i* may be accompani$ by ! de novo orig9ation ( liv+ ?+s4 ,!re=e ! above results are j z compatible ) ! notions ( ,m4 ,liebig & 8 s*ool1 z !y are antagoni/ic to ^? ( ,m4 ,pa/eur4 ,c]ta9 fluids1 x is f\nd1 d n und]go *ange2 :il/ o!r fluids1 ( a m complex description1 w f]m5t "u ! influ5ce ( simil> conditions4 ,prolong$ ebullition also1 by break+ up "s ( ! m un/able comp\nds ( a solution 7^? :i* mo/ easily initiate ^! *anges7 w ret>d or prev5t its f]m5tation4 ,! complete unt5ability ( ,m4 ,pa/eur's explanations are1 h[ev]1 be/ reveal$ by hav+ rec\rse to a s]ies ( comp>ative exp]im5ts1 9 :i* portions ( ! same fluid are boil$ = an equal l5g? ( "t 9 vessels ( diff]5t k9ds1 & are !n subsequ5tly submitt$1 9 a wat]-ba?1 to ! influ5ce ( ! same temp]ature4 ,i h made _m exp]im5ts ( ?is k9d ) diff]5t solutions1 "s ( :i* ,i w n[ record4 ,ow+ to ! diff]5t behavi\r ( ! same fluids "u diff]5t conditions1 we are enabl$ to draw "s mo/ important conclusions2 & ow+ to ! diff]5t behavi\r ( diff]5t fluids "u ^! respective conditions1 our att5tion is /rongly drawn to o!r facts :i* ought consid]ably to influ5ce our judgm5t z to ! relative m]its ( ! two doctr9es conc]n+ ! cause ( f]m5tation & putrefaction4 ,,comp>ative ,,exp]im5ts4 ,9 ! foll[+ exp]im5ts1 ea* fluid 7unless a /atem5t is made to ! contr>y7 0 boil$ cont9u\sly = t5 m9utes1 aft] hav+ be5 plac$ 9 its flask4 ,!n1 ) ! neck ei!r op51 seal$1 or plugg$1 ! bulb ( ! flask 0 imm]s$ 9 a wat]-ba? ma9ta9$ at a temp]ature ( #hj-ie ,f41 dur+ bo? day & night4#dg #dg ,:5 infusions h be5 employ$1 ^! h all be5 made z /rong z possible1 & h be5 filt]$ be=e use4 ,w>m wat] has be5 add$ 9 quantity j suffici5t to cov] ! sub/ance to be infus$ 7cut into v small pieces71 & ! mixture has !n be5 kept at a temp]ature ( f #aaj-acj ,f4 = ?ree or f\r h\rs4 ,,fir/ ,,set ,,( ,,exp]im5ts 7,i4-,,xv474 a4 ,fluid expos$ to ,air 9 a ,flask ) a %ort ,op5 ,neck4 99,no4 ,i4--,ur9e99 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs 0 /ill cle> & free f deposit4 ,9 =ty-f\r h\rs ! fluid 0 v slightly turbid1 & on microscopical exam9ation ,bact]ia & ,torul 7 f\nd1 ?\gh n 9 v great abundance4 ,9 sixty-eight h\rs ! fluid 0 q turbid4 99,no4 ,,ii4--,hay ,infusion99 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs 0 /ill cle>4 ,9 =ty-f\r h\rs ! fluid 0 v turbid1 & a drop on exam9ation %[$ multitudes ( ,bact]ia ( diff]5t k9ds1 exhibit+ languid movem5ts4 ,9 sixty-eight h\rs ! turbidity _h become mu* m m>k$1 & !re 0 also a c]ta9 am\nt ( s$im5t4 99,no4 ,,iii4--,turnip ,infusion99 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs %[$ a v slight degree ( turbidity4 ,a drop exam9$ microscopically reveal$ a numb] ( v m9ute1 b v active1 ,bact]ia4 ,9 =ty-f\r h\rs ! turbidity _h become v well m>k$4 b4 ,fluid 9 contact ) ,ord9>y ,air & its ,p>ticles2 ,neck ( ,flask ,seal$ aft] ! ,fluid _h become ,cold4 99,no4 ,,iv4--,ur9e99 rema9$ q bright & cle> dur+ ! fifte5 days 9 :i* x 0 kept "u obs]vation 9 ! wat]-ba?4#dh 99,no4 ,v4--,hay ,infusion99 aft] =ty-f\r h\rs %[$ a well-m>k$ turbidity4 ,9 sixty-eight h\rs !re 0 an increase 9 ! am\nt ( turbidity1 & also "s s$im5t4 ,dur+ ! next =ty-eight h\rs turbidity & s$im5t gradually increas$1 :il/ ! col\r ( ! fluid 7orig9ally t ( port w9e7 became sev]al %ades light]4 ,except t x grew /ill light] 9 col\r1 & t ! am\nt ( s$im5t increas$1 x und]w5t no fur!r obvi\s *ange dur+ ! fifte5 days 9 :i* x rema9$ 9 ! ba?4#dh 99,no4 ,,vi4--,turnip ,infusion99 und]w5t no *ange dur+ ! fifte5 days 9 :i* x 0 kept 9 ! ba? "u obs]vation4#dh c4 ,fluid 9 a ,flask ) a ,neck two feet long1 & hav+ ,eight acute ,flexures4 99,no4 ,,vii4--,ur9e99 rema9$ q bright & cle> dur+ ! fifte5 days 9 :i* x 0 kept "u obs]vation 9 ! wat]-ba?4#dh #dh ,flask /ill 9 my possession1 unop5$4 99,no4 ,,viii4--,hay ,infusion99 rema9$ bright & cle> = twelve days4 ,on ! ?irte5? day a v slight 7almo/ inappreciable7 s$im5t 0 se51 :i* sc>cely und]w5t any obvi\s increase dur+ ! next eight days1 ?\gh on ! two foll[+ days 7tw5ty-second & tw5ty-?ird7 ! turbidity became mo/ obvi\s3 mu* s$im5t 0 deposit$1 & ! fluid assum$ a mu* light] col\r4#di 7,on ! tw5ty-second day ! temp]ature ( ! ba? 0 rais$ to #ajj ,f41 = two or ?ree h\rs47 #di ,flask /ill 9 my possession1 unop5$4 99,no4 ,,ix4--,turnip ,infusion99 rema9$ = f\r days )\t und]go+ any app>5t *ange4 ,its neck 0 !n accid5tally brok5 at ! f\r? jo9t--a c]ta9 am\nt ( fluid /ill fill+ ! ?ird jo9t4 ,9 ?is condition ! flask 0 all[$ to rema9 9 ! wat]-ba?1 & ! fluid cont9u$ q un*ang$ 9 appe>ance = five days4 ,x 0 !n boil$#ej = ?ree m9utes1 & ! neck ( ! flask 0 h]metically seal$ :il/ ! fluid 0 boil+4 ,! flask be+ re-imm]s$ 9 wat]-ba?1 ! fluid cont9u$ q cle> = ?irte5 days4 ,its neck 0 !n c>efully heat$ 9 ! _s-lamp flame till1 :5 r$-hot1 ! rapid inb5d+ ( ! glass %[$ t ! vacuum 0 /ill pres]v$4 ,?is be+ asc]ta9$1 ! flask 01 aft] a few m9utes1 replac$ 9 ! ba?4 ,! next day ! temp]ature ( ! ba? 0 all[$ to g up to #ajj ,f4 = ?ree or f\r h\rs1 & 9 ! ev5+ ! fluid 0 obs]v$ to be v slightly turbid4 ,9 two days m 7i4e41 aft] sixte5 days 9 vacuo7 ! turbidity 0 well m>k$1 & :5 ! fluid 0 exam9$ microscopically x 0 f\nd to conta9 an abundance ( v languid ,bact]ia & ,vibriones4 ,on op5+ ! flask !re 0 an outru% ( v ftid gas1 & ! reaction ( ! fluid 0 acid4#ea #ej ,! vap\r _h lo/ all od\r ( turnip4 ,"s ( ! fluid :i* spla%$ ov] 0 f\nd to be /ill slightly acid4 #ea ,?is exp]im5t is v int]e/+ 9 two or ?ree respects4 ,a neck ( half ! usual l5g?--) only f\r b5d+s--suffic$ to pres]ve ! fluid = sev]al days2 & :5 ?is fluid 7:i* _h be5 9 ! b5t-neck app>atus = n9e days7 0 seal$ up 9 ! same flask dur+ ebullition1 x rema9$ 9 vacuo = ?irte5 days )\t und]go+ any app>5t *ange1 & !n only became turbid "u ! influ5ce ( a high] temp]ature4 ,yet "s ( ! same fluid1 9 a flask :i* 0 h]metically seal$ dur+ ! fir/ ebullition 7,no4 ,,xv47 behav$ z su* an infusion usually does1 & became q turbid 9 =ty-eight h\rs4 d4 ,fluid 9 a ,flask hav+ a ,neck two feet long1 b5t at "r angles %ortly above ! bulb1 & provid$ ) a firm ,plug ( ,cotton-,wool twelve in*es 9 l5g?4 99,no4 ,x4--,ur9e99 rema9$ q bright & cle> dur+ ! fifte5 days 9 :i* x 0 kept "u obs]vation 9 ! wat]-ba?4#eb 99,no4 ,,xi4--,hay ,infusion99 %[$ a v slight am\nt ( s$im5t aft] =ty-f\r h\rs1 :i* seem$ to increase some:at dur+ ! next ?ree days4 ,! fluid aft]w>ds appe>$ to und]go no fur!r *ange1 ?\gh x rema9$ 9 ! w>m wat]-ba? = fifte5 days4#eb 99,no4 ,,xii4--,turnip ,infusion99 9 f\r days %[$ a well-m>k$ turbidity1 & also v _m flakes ( a brok5 pellicle4#eb #eb ,flask /ill 9 my possession1 unop5$4 e4 ,fluid 79 vacuo7 9 a ,flask1 ! ,neck ( :i* 0 h]metically ,seal$ by means ( ! ,bl[pipe ,flame dur+ ,ebullition4 99,no4 ,,xiii4--,ur9e99 9 =ty-f\r h\rs %[$ a v slight am\nt ( s$im5t4 ,dur+ ! next two days ! s$im5t v slightly increas$1 b 0 /ill small 9 am\nt4 ,at ! expiration ( fifte5 days1 no fur!r increase 9 ! turbidity hav+ tak5 place1 ! fluid 0 exam9$4 ,! vacuum 0 /ill p>tially pres]v$1 z evid5c$ by ! rapid inb5d+ ( a portion ( ! neck ( ! flask aft] x _h be5 c>efully made r$-hot4 ,:5 op5$1 ! od\r ( ! fluid 0 /ale1 b n ftid1 & its reaction 0 /ill fa9tly acid4 ,on microscopical exam9ation ,bact]ia & ,torul 7 f\nd 9 tol]able abundance4 99,no4 ,,xiv4--,hay ,infusion99 9 =ty-f\r h\rs %[$ a v slight am\nt ( turbidity4 ,9 sixty-eight h\rs ! turbidity 0 mo/ m>k$1 & !re 0 also a small am\nt ( s$im5t4 ,9 ano!r tw5ty-f\r h\rs x 0 notic$ t ! col\r ( ! fluid _h become mu* light]1 :il/ ! turbidity & s$im5t _h increas$4 ,x subsequ5tly cont9u$ 9 mu* ! same /ate1 & ! flask 0 op5$ on ! sixte5? day4 ,! vacuum 0 f\nd to be almo/ :olly impair$1 :il/ ! od\r ( ! fluid 0 s\r1 & n at all hay-l4 ,on microscopical exam9ation ,bact]ia1 ,vibriones1 ,lepto?rix1 & ,torul1 7 f\nd 9 abundance1 & ! =m] 7 v active4 99,no4 ,,xv4--,turnip ,infusion99 aft] =ty-eight h\rs %[$ a well-m>k$ turbidity4 ,9 sev5ty-two h\rs ! turbidity 0 m m>k$1 & !re 0 a slight am\nt ( s$im5t4 ,! turbidity also increas$ dur+ ! next tw5ty-f\r h\rs2 ?\gh1 aft] t1 ! infusion seem$ to und]go no fur!r *ange4 ,! flask rema9$ 9 ! w>m ba? = fifte5 days1 :5 ! fluid 0 exam9$4 ,its od\r 0 n ftid1 b 0 some:at l t ( bak$ turnip4 ,bact]ia & ,vibriones exi/$ 9 abundance1 ?\gh _! movem5ts 7 extremely languid4 ,,second ,,set ,,( ,,exp]im5ts 7,,xvi4-,,xxi474 b4 ,fluid 9 contact ) ,ord9>y ,air & its ,p>ticles2 ,neck ( ,flask ,seal$ aft] ! ,fluid _h become ,cold4 99,no4 ,,xvi4--,simple ,turnip ,infusion99 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs _h und]gone no app>5t *ange4 ,9 ?irty-six h\rs !re 0 slight turbidity1 & 9 =ty-eight h\rs ?is 0 mo/ m>k$ & uni=m4 ,:5 ! flask 0 op5$1 aft] sev5ty-two h\rs1 !re 0 an outru% ( v ftid gas2 ! reaction ( ! fluid 0 acid1 &1 :5 exam9$ microscopically1 x 0 f\nd to conta9 multitudes ( v languid ,bact]ia4 99,no4 ,,xvii4--,neutraliz$ ,infusion ( ,turnip #a_/b gr4 ( ,*eese991#ec 9 ?irty-six h\rs %[$ a well-m>k$ pellicle4#ed ,:5 ! flask 0 op5$1 aft] sev5ty-two h\rs1 !re 0 a viol5t outru% ( gas1 ?\gh ! fluid 0 /ill neutral4 ,portions ( ! ?ick pellicle 7 f\nd1 on microscopical exam9ation1 to be made up ( ,bact]ia1 ,vibriones1 & an abundance ( long1 int]lac$ ,lepto?rix filam5ts4 ,bact]ia also exi/$ abundantly 9 ! fluid1 ?\gh _! movem5ts 7 v languid4 #ec ,! filt]$ infusion ( turnip 0 neutraliz$ by liquor potass4 ,! *eese 7,*$d>7 0 new & n 9 ! lea/ m\ldy4 #ed ,! fluid itself be+ some:at opaque1 ! fir/ /ages ( increas$ turbidity f pres5ce ( ,bact]ia c\ld n be detect$4 c4 ,fluid 9 a ,b5t ,neck ,flask1 hav+ ,eight acute ,flexures4 99,no4 ,,xviii4--,simple ,turnip ,infusion99 aft] =ty-eight h\rs %[$ no *ange4 ,x 0 kept 9 wat]-ba? = twelve days1 & dur+ ! :ole ( ?is "t ! fluid rema9$ q cle>4 ,! tube 0 !n brok5 #a-a_/b in* above ! bulb 7:i* 0 re-imm]s$ 9 ! ba?71 leav+ ! fluid expos$ to ! air ?r\gh ! /raight op5 tube4 ,! fluid at ?is "t 0 od\rless1 & its re-action 0 /ill fa9tly acid4 ,! infusion rema9$ ?us expos$ = six days )\t und]go+ any app>5t *ange4 ,on ! eigh? day a v slight :iti% s$im5t 0 notic$1 :i* _h increas$ 9 quantity by ! t5? day1 ?\gh !re 0 /ill no trace ( g5]al turbidity4 ,on ! elev5? day "s ( ! s$im5t 0 exam9$ 9 a drop ( ! fluid1 & x 0 f\nd to be :olly compos$ ( r l>ge ,torul cells--! l>ge/ be+ ab\t #a_/cjjj 9 diamet]1 ?\gh all ! small] sizes 7 abundantly repres5t$4 ,n a s+le ,bact]ium or ,vibrio c\ld be detect$1 & ! fluid 0 /ill q od\rless4#ee #ee ,?is aga9 is a mo/ in/ructive exp]im5t :5 comp>$ ) ,nos4 ,,xvi4 & ,,xx41 9 :i* portions ( ! same infusion 7 employ$4 ,! results 9 ,no4 ,,ix4 w\ld lead u to believe t a vegetable infusion :i* does n f]m5t1 does1 nev]!less1 und]go "s *anges 9 molecul> composition1 & ?is notion seems to d]ive confirmation f ! pres5t exp]im5t4 ,"s ( ! same solution :i* has be5 kept = a "t 7twelve days7 f contact ) atmosph]ic p>ticles1 subsequ5tly1 ev5 :5 fully expos$ to ! air1 und]goes no app>5t *ange = six days1 & !n1 in/ead ( becom+ fill$ ) ,bact]ia1 sw>ms only ) ,torul4 ,yet ! infusion 9 ?is condition 0 p]fectly capable ( n\ri%+ ,bact]ia1 z ,i subsequ5tly prov$ by inoculat+ x4 ,:y !n 0 x n inoculat$ by ! liv+ ,bact]ia1 ) :i* ! air is ?\ght by "s to be teem+8 99,no4 ,,xix4--,neutral ,turnip ,infusion #a_/b gr4 ( ,*eese991 %[$ no p]ceptible *ange 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 ?\gh 9 ?irty-six h\rs !re 0 a well-m>k$ pellicle on ! surface4 ,:5 ! neck ( ! flask 0 brok5 aft] sev5ty-two h\rs1 ! fluid 0 f\nd to be v ftid1 :il/ its re-action _h become slightly acid4 ,portions ( ! pellicle 7 f\nd to be made up by aggregations ( ,bact]ia1 ,vibriones1 & an abundance ( ,lepto?rix filam5ts4 ,! ,bact]ia all exhibit$ v languid movem5ts4 e4 ,fluid 79 vacuo7 9 a ,flask :i* _h be5 ,seal$ dur+ ,ebullition4 99,no4 ,,xx4--,simple ,turnip ,infusion99 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs %[$ a v slight am\nt ( turbidity2 9 ?irty-six h\rs ?is _h increas$1 & 9 =ty-eight h\rs !re 7 multitudes ( curdy flocculi float+ 9 a tol]ably cle> fluid4 ,! flask 0 op5$ aft] sev5ty-two h\rs1 :5 !re seem$ to be only a v slight inru% ( air4 ,! od\r ( ! fluid 0 some:at ftid1 & its re-action 0 acid4 ,!re 7 multitudes ( ,bact]ia & ,vibriones1 p>tly sep>ate & p>tly aggregat$ 7con/itut+ ! flocculi above m5tion$74 ,! sep>ate ,bact]ia exhibit$ only v languid movem5ts4 99,no4 ,,xxi4--,neutral ,turnip ,infusion #a_/b gr4 ( ,*eese991 %[$ a well-m>k$ pellicle on its surface 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,9 ?irty-six h\rs ! fir/ pellicle _h1 9 great "p1 sunk to ! bottom ( ! flask1 ?\gh its place on ! surface 0 already tak5 by a new1 ?\gh ?91 scum-l lay]4 ,aft] sev5ty-two h\rs1 ! flask 0 op5$2 !re 0 no ftid od\r ( ! fluid1 & its re-action 0 /ill neutral4 ,exam9$ microscopically ! fluid %[$ an abundance ( ,bact]ia1 & also ( %ort monilat$ filam5ts4 ,!re 71 h[ev]1 none ( ! ord9>y k9d ( ,vibriones1 & no ,lepto?rix4 ,all ! ,bact]ia exhibit$ v languid movem5ts4 ,,?ird ,,set ,,( ,,exp]im5ts 7,,xxii4-,,xxx474 a4 ,fluid expos$ to ,air 9 a ,flask ) a %ort ,op5 ,neck4 99,no4 ,,xxii4--,ur9e99 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs %[$ no *ange2 ?\gh 9 =ty-six h\rs ! turbidity 0 well m>k$4#ef ,exam9$ microscopically x 0 f\nd to conta9 an abundance ( ,bact]ia4 #ef ,"s ( ! same fluid1 expos$ 9 a simil> flask1 )\t previ\s boil+1 became turbid 9 eight h\rs1 & light] 9 col\r2 :il/1 aft] tw5ty h\rs1 ! turbidity 0 extremely well-m>k$4 b4 ,fluid 9 contact ) ,ord9>y ,air & its ,p>ticles2 ,neck ( ,flask ,seal$ aft] ! ,fluid _h become ,cold4 99,no4 ,,xxiii4--,ur9e99 9 eighte5 h\rs %[$ a di/9ct pellicle1 ?\gh !re 0 n mu* g5]al turbidity4 ,dur+ ! next few days ! old pellicle fell to ! bottom1 & a new "o =m$4 c4 ,fluid 9 a ,b5t ,neck ,flask1 hav+ ,eight acute ,flexures4 99,no4 ,,xxiv4--,ur9e99 9 =ty-eight h\rs %[$ no *ange4 ,aft] twelve days !re 0 /ill no g5]al turbidity1 ?\gh !re 0 a slight floccul5t deposit ( an unc]ta9 nature4 ,two days aft]w>ds ! flask 0 brok51 :5 ! od\r ( ! fluid 0 /ill f\nd to resemble t ( fre% ur9e1 & its re-action 0 acid4 ,! flocculi 7 made up ( granul> aggregations1 9 ! mid/ ( :i* 7 a few bodies closely resembl+ ,torul1 ?\gh !y 7 some:at d\btful 9 nature4 ,nei!r ,bact]ia nor ,vibriones c\ld be f\nd4 ,! flask1 hav+ a %ort op5 neck1 0 !n replac$ 9 ! w>m ba?4 ,9 sixte5 h\rs ! :ole fluid _h become turbid2 x 0 also slightly ftid2 & on microscopical exam9ation x 0 f\nd to be sw>m+ ) ,bact]ia1 ,vibriones1 & ,lepto?rix4 99,no4 ,,xxv4--,turnip ,infusion #a_/b gr4 ( ,*eese99 9 =ty-eight h\rs %[$ no *ange1 ?\gh 9 sev5ty-two h\rs !re 0 a well-m>k$ pellicle1 9 :i* "s bubbles ( gas 7 engag$4 ,aft] n9ety-six h\rs ! neck ( ! flask 0 brok52 ! fluid 0 f\nd to be ftid1 & x _h an acid re-action4 ,on microscopical exam9ation1 a portion ( ! pellicle 0 se5 to consi/ ( multitudes ( ,bact]ia1 ,vibriones1 & jo9t$ ,lepto?rix filam5ts4 99,no4 ,,xxvi4--,simple ,turnip ,infusion99 rema9$ cle>1 & %[$ no appreciable *ange = sev5 days4 ,on ! eigh? day a slight g5]al turbidity ( ! fluid 0 notic$4 ,on ! n9?1 ! turbidity 0 r m m>k$1 ?\gh !re 0 no trace ( a pellicle2 ! neck ( ! flask hav+ be5 brok51 ! fluid 0 f\nd to be od\rless & v fa9tly acid4 ,on microscopical exam9ation1 multitudes ( languid ,bact]ia ( m$ium size 7 f\nd1 & also %ort monilat$ *a9s ) f two to t5 segm5ts4 ,!re 7 no ,vibriones1 ,lepto?rix or ,torul4#eg #eg ,! condition ( ! fluid1 & ! nature ( its cont5ts1 7 v simil> to t met ) 9 ,no4 ,,xxi4 e4 ,fluid 79 vacuo7 9 a ,flask1 ,seal$ dur+ ,ebullition4 99,no4 ,,xxvii4--,heal?y ,ur9e99 aft] tw5ty-f\r h\rs %[$ no *ange4 ,aft] elev5 days !re 0 /ill no app>5t *ange1 ?\gh on ! ?irte5? a slight am\nt ( floccul5t s$im5t 0 notic$4 ,?is deposit increas$ 9 am\nt1 v sl[ly1 dur+ ! next =tnight2 ?\gh aft]w>ds ! fluid seem$ to und]go no fur!r *ange1 & did n become g5]ally turbid4#eh #eh ,/ill 9 my possession1 unop5$4 ,9 all probability ! flocculi :i* =m$ w\ld be f\nd to be simil> 9 _! microscopical1 z !y c]ta9ly 7 9 _! nak$-eye *>act]s1 to ^? met ) 9 ,no4 ,,xxxv4 99,no4 ,,xxviii4--,heal?y ,ur9e 7#a_/c7 & ,filt]$ ,turnip ,infusion 7#b_/c799 aft] =ty-eight h\rs %[$ a v slight turbidity1 :i*1 h[ev]1 became q m>k$ 9 ano!r tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 99,no4 ,,xxix4--,album9\s ,ur9e 7#a_/c7 & filt]$ ,turnip ,infusion 7#b_/c799 aft] tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 %[$ a slight turbidity1 :i* became mu* m m>k$ 9 =ty-eight h\rs2 :il/ 9 sev5ty-two h\rs !re 0 a consid]able deposit at ! bottom ( ! flask4 99,no4 ,,xxx4--,simple ,turnip ,infusion99 %[$ no *ange 9 =ty-eight h\rs1 ?\gh 9 sev5ty-two h\rs !re 0 well-m>k$ turbidity4 ,! turbidity & s$im5t cont9u$ to increase = sev]al days1 & bo? 7 mo/ m>k$ on ! t5? day1 :5 ! flask 0 op5$4 ,!re 0 an outru% ( gas1 hav+ an extremely ftid od\r4 ,! fluid _h an acid re-action1 & :5 exam9$ microscopically1 multitudes ( ,bact]ia1 ,vibriones & ,lepto?rix filam5ts 7 f\nd--! movem5ts ( ! ,bact]ia be+ v languid4 ,,f\r? ,,set ,,( ,,exp]im5ts 7,,xxxi4-,,xxxvii474 b4 ,fluid 9 contact ) ord9>y ,air & its ,p>ticles2 ,flask ,seal$ aft] ! ,fluid _h become ,cold4 99,no4 ,,xxxi4--,heal?y ,ur9e99 rema9$ 9 ! w>m ba? = tw5ty-eight days )\t und]go+ ! lea/ *ange4 99,no4 ,,xxxii4--,simple ,turnip ,infusion99 rema9$ 9 ! w>m ba? = tw5ty-eight days )\t und]go+ any appreciable *ange4#ei ,on break+ ! neck ( ! flask1 ! fluid 0 f\nd to be q od\rless4 ,) its neck q op51 ! flask 0 replac$ 9 ! wat]-ba?4 ,dur+ ! fir/ =ty-eight h\rs x und]w5t no app>5t *ange1 ?\gh at ! end ( sev5ty-two h\rs a slight g5]al turbidity 0 noticeable1 & an exam9ation ( a drop ( ! fluid 7/ill od\rless71 %[$ a numb] ( m9ute b v active ,bact]ia4#fj #ei ,exp]im5t ,no4 #h1 record$ 9 #8,nature1' #ahgj1 ,no4 #cf1 p4 #aid1 may be comp>$ ) ?is & ,no4 ,,xxxiii4 #fj ,?is exp]im5t %\ld be comp>$ ) ,nos4 ,,xviii4 & ,,xxxiii4 ,x seems to %[ t if "s f]m5table fluids c be kept = a "t "u conditions 9 :i* !y w n f]m5t1 ! con/itution ( ! fluid1 in/ead ( rema9+ ! same1 und]goes a sl[ alt]ation by :i* x is r5d]$ absolutely less f]m5table1 ev5 :5 expos$ to ! mo/ fav\r+ influ5ces4 c4 ,fluid 9 a ,b5t-,neck ,flask1 hav+ ,eight acute ,flexures4 99,no4 ,,xxxiii4--,simple ,turnip ,infusion99 %[$ no *ange aft] eight days' imm]sion 9 ! w>m ba?4 ,aft] elev5 days1 ! fluid be+ /ill cle>1 ! tube 0 brok5 j beyond ! second b5d+ f ! bulb1 & !n ! flask 0 re-imm]s$ 9 ! ba?4 ,aft] ?ree days' exposure1 ! fluid be+ /ill cle>1 x 0 boil$ 9 ! flask = "o m9ute1 :5 x 0 notic$ t ! /eam 0 q od\rless4 ,! flask 0 !n replac$ 9 ! wat]-ba?1 :]e x rema9$ = tw5ty-two days 7/ill ) ! neck op5 & brok5 j beyond its second b5d+7 )\t %[+ any *ange4#fa ,x 0 !n submitt$ to exam9ation2 ! fluid 0 f\nd to be devoid ( all od\r1 x _h a slightly bitt] ta/e1 & its re-action 0 v fa9tly acid4 ,on microscopical exam9ation no liv+ ?+s 7 f\nd2 !re 7 no ,bact]ia1 no ,vibriones1 & no ,torul1 only "s m]e granules1 a small am\nt ( amorph\s matt]1 & a few fibres4#fb #fa ,aft] ?is exp]im5t _h be5 complet$1 a fre%-filt]$ infusion ( turnip 0 plac$ 9 ! same flask 7hav+ ! neck op5 j beyond its second b5d+71 & aft] hav+ be5 boil$ = a few m9utes x 0 imm]s$ 9 ! same wat]-ba?4 ,?is fluid became turbid 9 ?irty-six h\rs1 & 0 !n f\nd to conta9 multitudes ( ,bact]ia2 & ! *>act]i/ic od\r ( ! turnip infusion 0 /ill appreciable4 #fb ,! results ( ?is exp]im5t are mo/ int]e/+1 especially if comp>$ ) :at takes place :5 "s ( ! same fluid is neutraliz$ by ammonic c>bonate 7,no4 ,,xxxiv471 ) :at occurs :5 a simil> fluid 7z 9 ,no4 ,,xxx47 is conta9$ 9 a flask seal$ dur+ ! cont9uance ( ebullition1 or also ) :at occurr$ 9 ,nos4 ,,xiii4 & ,,xxxii4 ,9 ! pres5t case ! second boil+ seems to h de/roy$ :at small am\nt ( f]m5tability !re 0 /ill rema9+ 9 ! solution2 b 9 ,no4 ,,ix4 f]m5tation did take place aft] ! second boil+--?\gh ?is occurr$ only "u ! influ5ce ( dim9i%$ pressure & a high] temp]ature4 99,no4 ,,xxxiv4--,turnip ,infusion ,neutraliz$ by ,ammonic ,c>bonate99 9 =ty-eight h\rs %[$ a slight turbidity1 :i* sl[ly increas$ dur+ ! next two days4 ,9 two days m ! turbidity 0 v great1 & !re 0 also a consid]able am\nt ( s$im5t4 ,! fluid 0 !n exam9$ microscopically1 & f\nd to conta9 myriads ( l>ge b v languid ,bact]ia4 e4 ,fluid 79 vacuo7 9 a ,flask :i* _h be5 ,seal$ dur+ ,ebullition4 99,no4 ,,xxxv4--,heal?y ,ur9e99 und]w5t no app>5t *ange = ! fir/ twelve days1 !n 7! bulk ( ! fluid /ill rema9+ cle> & bright7 small greyi% :ite flocculi began to collect at ! bottom ( ! flask1 :i* v sl[ly increas$ 9 quantity dur+ ! succe$+ twelve days4 ,at ! expiration ( ?is "t ! flocculi 7 pretty num]\s1 ?\gh ! fluid 0 o!rwise bright4 ,! vacuum 0 asc]ta9$ to be /ill good1 & on break+ ! flask1 ! fluid 0 f\nd to h a slightly acid re-action1 ?\gh no appreciable od\r4 ,:5 exam9$ microscopically1 ! flocculi 7 se5 to be made up = ! mo/ "p ( m]e granul> aggregations 7simple1 & n 9 ! =m ( ,bact]ia74 ,small ,torula cells1 h[ev]1 exi/$ 9 "s quantity2 also a few necklace-l *a9s1 & a comp>atively small numb] ( ,bact]ia1 "s ( :i* 7 tol]ably active4 99,no4 ,,xxxvi4--,simple ,turnip ,infusion99 aft] tw5ty-f\r h\rs %[$ no sign ( *ange1 ?\gh 9 ?irty-six h\rs x 0 slightly turbid4 ,on ! f\r? day ! turbidity 0 well-m>k$ & g5]al1 ?\gh !re 7 no flake-l aggregations4 ,:5 exam9$ microscopically1 ! fluid 0 f\nd to conta9 multitudes ( ,bact]ia4 99,no4 ,,xxxvii4--,turnip ,infusion1#fc ,neutraliz$ by ,ammonic ,c>bonate99 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs 0 decid$ly turbid4 ,9 ?irty-six h\rs ! turbidity 0 m m>k$1 & !re 0 a slight s$im5t4 ,by ! end ( =ty-eight h\rs bo? turbidity & s$im5t _h notably increas$4 ,on ! f\r? day1 !re 0 a mod]ately cle> fluid1 conta9+ an abundance ( curdy or flake-l masses4 ,:5 ! flask 0 op5$1 ^! 7 f\nd to be made up pr9cipally by ! aggregation ( myriads ( ,bact]ia4 #fc ,"s ( same z t :i* 0 us$ 7unalt]$7 9 la/ exp]im5t4 ,,fif? ,,set ,,( ,,exp]im5ts 7,,xxxviii4-,,xlvii474 ,fluids n boil$1 b half-fill+ h]metically ,seal$ ,flasks1 conta9+ ,ord9>y ,air4 99,no4 ,,xxxviii4--,turnip ,infusion99 9 t5 h\rs %[$ a slight am\nt ( turbidity4 ,aft] =ty-eight h\rs ?is 0 v well-m>k$3 !re 0 a ?ick pellicle on ! surface1 &1 9 addition1 a small am\nt ( deposit4 ,on exam9ation1 ! fluid & ! pellicle 7 f\nd to conta9 an abundance ( ,bact]ia1 ,vibriones & ,lepto?rix filam5ts4 99,no4 ,,xxxix4--,turnip ,infusion #a_/bj ( ,c>bolic ,acid99 aft] eight days %[$ no appreciable alt]ation 9 appe>ance1#fd no trace ( pellicle or deposit4 ,:5 exam9$ microscopically1 h[ev]1 ! fluid 0 f\nd to conta9 "s v m9ute ,bact]ia1 ?\gh !y 7 by no means abundant4 #fd ,x _h be5 r5d]$ turbid f ! fir/1 by ! c>bolic acid4 99,no4 ,,xl4--,hay ,infusion99 _h become q turbid 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 & sev]al %ades light] 9 col\r4 ,aft] =ty-eight h\rs ! col\r ( ! infusion 0 /ill light]2 !re 0 m turbidity1 & "s s$im5t4 ,on microscopical exam9ation1 ! fluid 0 f\nd to conta9 an abundance ( ,bact]ia1 ,vibriones & %ort ,lepto?rix filam5ts4 99,no4 ,,xli4--,hay ,infusion #a_/bj ( ,c>bolic ,acid99 %[$ no app>5t *ange#fe aft] =ty-eight h\rs1 & :5 exam9$ microscopically x reveal$ no trace ( ,bact]ia1 or o!r organisms4 ,! neck ( ! flask 0 !n aga9 clos$4 ,on ! twelf? day ! fluid _h /ill und]gone no *ange 9 appe>ance1 & :5 exam9$ microscopically1 x /ill %[$ no trace ( organisms1 ?\gh ! fluid 0--z x _h be5 at ! "t ( ! fir/ exam9ation--full ( m9ute1 undissolv$ p>ticles ( c>bolic acid4 #fe ,! fluid _h be5 r5d]$ pal] & turbid f ! fir/1 by ! addition ( ! c>bolic acid4 ,fluids boil$ = five m9utes1 & half-fill+ h]metically ,seal$ ,flasks conta9+ ,ord9>y ,air4 99,no4 ,,xlii4--,hay ,infusion991 aft] =ty-eight h\rs1 %[$ no *ange1 & cont9u$ to rema9 q cle> & free f deposit until ! twelf? day1 :5 x 0 exam9$ microscopically4 ,no organisms ( any k9d c\ld be detect$4 99,no4 ,,xliii4--,hay ,infusion #a_/bj "p ( ,c>bolic ,acid99 %[$ no app>5t *ange#ff = ! fir/ five days1 ?\gh1 on ! six? day1 a slight deposit 0 notic$ at ! bottom ( ! flask4 ,! deposit _h increas$1 & 0 well-m>k$ by ! twelf? day1 :51 on microscopical exam9ation1 !re 7 f\nd among/ ! granul> flakes ( ! deposit1 ,torul ( sev]al v>ieties ( size & %ape4 ,_m 7 sph]ical1 o!rs ovoid1 or hav+ an elongat$ oat-l %ape3 "s 7 ( ! ord9>y col\r1 & o!rs 7 br[ni% 9 t9t4 ,! v>iety 0 mo/ /rik+4 ,no ,bact]ia 7 se51 ?\gh !re 7 multitudes ( active p>ticles :i* seem$ to diff] f ! m9ute sph]ules ( undissolv$ c>bolic acid4 #ff ,! alt]ation 9 col\r 0 less m>k$ ?an 9 ! simil> mixture :i* _h n be5 boil$1 ?\gh ! turbidity 0 j z obvi\s4 ,fluids 79 vacuo7--boil$ = five m9utes1 & ,flasks ,seal$ dur+ ,ebullition4 99,no4 ,,xliv4--,turnip ,infusion991 9 sev5ty-two h\rs1 %[$ a slight turbidity1 :i* gradually increas$4 ,on ! eigh? day !re 0 a consid]able quantity ( flake-l s$im5t1 & "s am\nt ( g5]al turbidity4 ,on ! ?irte5? day ! vacuum 0 f\nd to be /ill p>tly pres]v$4 ,:5 ! flask 0 op5$ ! fluid 0 p]ceiv$ to h a ftid od\r1 & an acid re-action2 &1 on microscopical exam9ation1 multitudes ( ,bact]ia & ,vibriones 7 se54 ,9 ! flake-l aggregations also 7made up almo/ :olly ( ^! organisms7 !re 7 a numb] ( l>ge ?ick-wall$ spores2 "s already =m$1 & o!rs 9 process ( =mation by coalesc5ce4 99,no4 ,,xlv4--,turnip ,infusion #a_/bj "p ( ,c>bolic ,acid99 %[$ no increase ( turbidity#fg = ! ?irte5 days dur+ :i* x 0 kept "u obs]vation4 ,be=e ! flask 0 op5$ x 0 asc]ta9$ t ! vacuum 0 well pres]v$4 ,! od\r ( ! fluid 0 unalt]$1 & on microscopical exam9ation no ,bact]ia1 or o!r liv+ ?+s1 7 f\nd4#fh #fg ,?is fluid 0 :iti%1 & some:at opaque1 f ! fir/4 #fh ,= o!r exp]im5ts %[+ a simil> /]ility1 induc$ by a slight acidification ) acetic acid1 see #8,nature1' #ahgj1 ,no4 #cg1 pp4 #bbf & #bbg4 99,no4 ,,xlvi4--,hay ,infusion991 aft] =ty-eight h\rs1 %[$ no *ange1 ?\gh1 9 sev5ty-two h\rs1 !re 0 p]ceptible a v small am\nt ( a dirty greyi% deposit4 ,by ! fif? day ! deposit _h slightly increas$1 & on ! sev5? day !re 0 a trace ( turbidity 9 ! fluid4 ,x did n und]go mu* fur!r *ange1 s t1 on ! twelf? day1 ! flask 0 op5$4 ,! vacuum 0 f\nd to h be5 v slightly impair$2 ! od\r ( ! fluid 0 almo/ natural1 & its re-action 0 slightly acid4 ,on microscopical exam9ation ( ! deposit1 ,bact]ia1 ,vibriones1 %ort ,lepto?rix filam5ts1 & ,torul1 7 f\nd1 ?\gh n 9 v great abundance4 99,no4 ,,xlvii4--,hay ,infusion #a_/bj "p ( ,c>bolic ,acid99 %[$ no app>5t *ange = ! fir/ f\r days4 ,on ! fif? day !re 0 a small quantity ( p[d]-l s$im5t1 & "o dirty greyi%-col\r$ flake4 ,on ! sev5? day !re 7 m small flakes at ! bottom1 & a slight g5]al turbidity ( ! fluid4 ,on ! twelf? day1 ! turbidity & deposit hav+ increas$1 ! flask 0 op5$--aft] x _h be5 fir/ asc]ta9$ t ! vacuum _h only be5 slightly impair$4 ,! re-action ( ! fluid 0 /ill /rongly acid4 ,on microscopical exam9ation ( "s ( ! deposit1 !re 0 f\nd1 among/ granul> flakes & aggregations1 a l>ge numb] ( ,torul cells1 ( mo/ v>i\s %apes & sizes2 also 9 ! mid/ ( ! granule heaps _m l>ge1 r\nd$ or ovoidal1 d5sely granul> nucleat$ bodies1 ^: av]age size 0 #a_/aejj 9 diamet]1 ?\gh !re 7 _m ( !m mu* l>g]1 & o!rs ev5 less ?an half ?is size4 ,int]tw9$ among/ ! granul> matt] also 7 a l>ge numb] ( algoid-look+ filam5ts1 #a_/bjjjj 9 diamet]1 conta9+ segm5t$ protoplasmic cont5ts4 ,!re 7 also 9 ! fluid itself a numb] ( m$ium-size1 unsegm5t$ ,bact]ia1 ^: movem5ts 7 some:at languid4#fi #fi ,! results ( ?is exp]im5t1 & ( ,no4 ,,lxiii4 are decid$ly oppos$ to ! reality ( ! g]m-kill+ p[]s ) :i* c>bolic acid has be5 end[$ by ,pr(essor ,li/] & o!rs4 ,i1 h[ev]1 _h previ\sly f\nd t specim5s ( ,torul & ,bact]ia1 obta9$ f fre%ly op5$ flasks1 & !n m\nt$ z microscopical specim5s 9 a mixture ( glyc]9e & c>bolic acid 79 ! proportion ( #ae3a71 n unfrequ5tly grew & multipli$ "u su* conditions4 ,,mm4 ,b*amp & ,e/or1 also f\nd t ,bact]ia multipli$ 9 c>boliz$ fluids1 & simil> facts h be5 te/ifi$ to by "s ,italian obs]v]s4 ,b1 organic fluids diff] mu* f "o ano!r1 s t ! influ5ce ( c>bolic acid may well be diff]5t ^u diff]5t fluids4 ,&1 accord+ly1 we f9d t :il/ its addition to1 & subsequ5t boil+ )1 a hay infusion increases ! f]m5tability ( ?is1 precisely ! opposite effects are produc$ :5 ! hay is replac$ by a turnip infusion 7see ,no4 ,,xlv474 ,)\t wi%+ to und]value 9 ! lea/ ! sy/em ( treatm5t introduc$1 & s admirably c>ri$ out by ,pr(essor ,li/]1 ,i am /rongly ( op9ion t he expla9s 8 results by !ories :i* are almo/ :olly incorrect4 ,,six? ,,set ,,( ,,exp]im5ts 7,,xlviii4-,,lxv474 ,ammoniacal ,solutions1 unboil$1 & expos$ to ,ord9>y ,air 9 a ,cork$ ,bottle4#gj 7,temp4 #fj-fe ,f47 #gj ,all ! simple ammoniacal solutions 7 9 ! proportion ( t5 gra9s ( ! salt to ! fluid ounce ( di/ill$ wat]2 & to ^? :i* also conta9$ sodic phosphate1 ?ree gra9s ( ?is 7 add$4 ,ab\t half an ounce ( ea* solution 0 put into a "o-ounce wide-m\!d bottle1 & !n tightly cork$4 99,no4 ,,xlviii4--,ammonic ,acetate ,solution499--,on ! t5? day ! fluid 0 /ill q cle>1 & free f s$im5t4 99,no4 ,,xlix4--,ammonic ,oxalate ,solution499--,on ! t5? day !re 0 no di/9ct opalesc5ce ( ! fluid1 b a well-m>k$ :iti% floccul5t deposit4 ,on microscopical exam9ation no ,bact]ia 7 f\nd 9 ! fluid1 & ! deposit 0 made up by an aggregation ( blacki% & col\rless granules1 mix$ ) a few cry/als & a v few ,torula cells--all be+ held toge!r by a sort ( mucoid matrix4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ?is matt] 7 f\nd two or ?ree v small1 mu* bran*$1 mycelial tufts ( a fungus-gr[?4 99,no4 ,l4--,ammonic ,c>bonate ,solution499--,on ! t5? day ! fluid %[$ a v fa9t opalesc5ce1 ) a small am\nt ( deposit1 & a p>tial non-coh]5t scum on ! surface1 :i*1 on microscopical exam9ation1 0 f\nd to be compos$ p>tly ( amorph\s granules1 & p>tly ( m9ute ,bact]ia1 mix$ ) small necklace-l organisms4 ,! fluid itself conta9$1 9 susp5sion1 a few small & sluggi% ,bact]ia1 ) a m9ute ,torula cell "h & !re4 99,no4 ,,li4--,ammonic ,t>trate ,solution99 aft] tw5ty-f\r h\rs %[$ ! fa9te/ opalesc5ce ( ! fluid2 9 =ty-eight h\rs !re 0 a blui%-:ite turbidity1 & 9 sev5ty-two h\rs ! turbidity 0 well m>k$4 ,:5 exam9$ microscopically ! fluid 0 f\nd to conta9 multitudes ( v active ,bact]ia4 ,on ! ?irte5? day ! turbidity 0 n s well m>k$1 ?\gh !re 0 a v ?9 pellicle on ! surface1 & also ! dirty-look+ crumpl$ rema9s ( ano!r pellicle at ! bottom1 :i*1 on exam9ation1 0 f\nd to be compos$ ( an aggregation ( ,bact]ia4 ,! pellicle on ! surface 0 v ?91 & compos$ only ( a s+le lay] ( ,bact]ia4 ,9 ! fluid itself _m ,bact]ia 7 se51 ( m$ium size1 & mo/ly sluggi% 9 movem5t1 ?\gh a few ( !m exhibit$ v active rotatory movem5ts4 ,no ,vibriones1 ,lepto?rix1 or ,torul1 7 f\nd4 99,no4 ,,lii4--,ammonic ,t>trate & ,sodic ,phosphate ,solution99 aft] tw5ty-f\r h\rs %[$ ! fa9te/ opalesc5ce2 9 =ty-eight h\rs !re 0 a blui%-:ite turbidity1 :i*1 9 sev5ty-two h\rs1 _h become m m>k$4 ,:5 exam9$ microscopically multitudes ( ,bact]ia 7 f\nd ^: movem5ts 7 v sluggi%4 ,on ! ?irte5? day !re 0 a well-m>k$ :iti% turbidity1 due to ,bact]ia & ,vibriones1 a slight am\nt ( deposit1 & a firm pellicle :i* 0 f\nd to be compos$1 almo/ :olly1 ( long unjo9t$ ,vibriones & unsegm5t$ ,lepto?rix filam5ts1 all ( :i*1 :5 sep>ate1 exhibit$ ! mo/ di/9ct eel-l movem5ts1 accompani$ by an actual progression f place to place4 ,ammoniacal ,solutions1 unboil$1 & expos$ to ,air 9 a ,cork$ ,bottle1 aft] ,inoculation ) a ,drop ( ,fluid conta9+ liv+ ,,bact]ia& ,,torul4 7,temp4 #fj-fe ,f47 99,no4 ,,liii4--,ammonic ,acetate ,solution99 aft] tw5ty-f\r h\rs 0 fa9tly opalesc5t1 & 9 =ty-eight h\rs %[$ a v slight blui% t9t4 ,9 sev5ty-two h\rs x 0 9 ! same /ate1 &1 on microscopical exam9ation1 ! fluid %[$ no di/9ct ,bact]ia or o!r liv+ ?+s1 ?\gh !re 7 a numb] ( v m9ute p>ticles di/ribut$1 s+ly or 9 small gr\ps1 ?r\gh\t ! fluid4 ,on ! ?irte5? day !re 0 no *ange 9 appe>ance1 except t ! s$im5t _h some:at increas$ 9 am\nt4 ,/ill1 no ,bact]ia c\ld be f\nd 9 ! fluid or ! s$im5t1--only ! above-m5tion$ p>ticles1 & a few some:at l>g]1 :i* resembl$ v m9ute ,torul4 ,among/ ! s$im5t1 h[ev]1 !re 7 two or ?ree v small mycelial tufts ( a develop+ fungus4 99,no4 ,,liv4--,ammonic ,oxalate ,solution499--,on ! eigh? day ! fluid %[$ a v fa9t opalesc5ce1 ?\gh !re 0 a well-m>k$1 greyi%1 floccul5t deposit1 :i* 0 f\nd to be compos$ ( an aggregation ( col\rless & blacki% granules1 ( a multitude ( m9ute cry/all9e p>ticles 7mo/ly diamond-%ap$71 & "s r\nd$ or ovoidal1 ?ick-wall$1 spore-l bodies2 among/ :i*1 & envelop$ 9 "p by !m1 7 sev]al mycelial tufts ( a fungus4 ,a numb] ( m9ute ,bact]ia 7 f\nd di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! fluid1 & also a quantity ( m9ute />-l bodies 7cry/all9e71 ab\t #a_/abjjj 9 diamet]4 99,no4 ,,lv4--,ammonic ,c>bonate ,solution499--,on ! eigh? day ! fluid %[$ a v fa9t opalesc5ce1 & a slight deposit1 :i* 0 f\nd to be compos$ pr9cipally ( amorph\s granules4 ,di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! fluid 7 "s small & sluggi% ,bact]ia1 ?\gh no o!r organisms 7 se54 99,no4 ,,lvi4--,ammonic ,t>trate ,solution499--,aft] tw5ty-f\r h\rs ! fluid %[$ ! fa9te/ opalesc5ce1 & 9 =ty-eight h\rs !re 0 a slight blui%-:ite turbidity4 ,9 sev5ty-two h\rs ! turbidity 0 well m>k$1 & !re 0 a v ?9 pellicle on ! surface4 ,:5 exam9$ microscopically ! fluid 0 f\nd to conta9 multitudes ( v active ,bact]ia1 & ! pellicle 0 also compos$ ( an aggregation ( ,bact]ia4 ,on ! ?irte5? day ! opacity _h some:at increas$2 !re 0 also a well-m>k$ pellicle1 & an obvi\s deposit4 ,! pellicle 0 f\nd to be compos$ ( ,bact]ia1 & 9 ! fluid !re 7 multitudes ( m$ium-size ,bact]ia & ,vibriones1 ) "h & !re a small ,torula cell4#ga #ga ,on comp>+ ! correspond+ exp]im5ts ( s]ies ,,xlviii4-,,li4 ) ^? ( s]ies ,,liii4-,,lvi4 less diff]5ce is f\nd ?an might h be5 expect$ by _m4 ,! comp>ison ( ! numb]s ( ea* s]ies ) "o ano!r1 also reveals ! int]e/+ fact1 t ! m]e pres5ce ( ,n1 ,c1 ,o1 & ,h1 is n all t is requir$1 ev5 = ! gr[? & nutrition ( ! l[] liv+ ?+s4 ,^! elem5ts seem to lapse into ! new comb9ations con/itut+ liv+ matt] ( v>i\s k9ds1 m easily f c]ta9 pre-exi/+ /ates ( comb9ation ?an f o!rs4 ,solutions ( ammonic t>trate are mu* m fav\rable />t+ po9ts = ! new comb9ations ?an solutions ( ammonic acetate4 ,! comp>ison ( exp]im5t ,no4 ,,li4 ) ,no4 ,,lii4 is extremely int]e/+ 9 ref]5ce to ! dogma t phosphorus is a necess>y +r$i5t 9 liv+ matt]4 ,solutions ( ! ammonic t>trate 9 di/ill$ wat] h be5 twice analyz$ = me by a skill$ *emi/1 )\t reveal+ ! lea/ trace ei!r ( phosphorus or sulphur4 ,?is result is v rem>kable :5 comp>$ ) ! am\nt ( liv+ matt] :i* may s soon appe> 9 su* a solution3 ! numb] ( ! organisms & ! rapidity ( _! evolution1 be+ almo/ equal to t :i* occurs 9 a simil> solution to :i* a phosphate has be5 add$4 ,h[ev] mu*1 !re=e1 phosphorus may aid ! developm5t ( organisms 9 _m fluids1 !re is /ill an important diff]5ce betwe5 _m & all1 :i* if m frequ5tly borne 9 m9d1 w\ld r5d] univ]sal propositions m sc>ce 7see #8,j\rnal ( ,*emical ,society1' ,m>*1 #ahga1 pp4 #gb-gd74 ,! tru? ( ! dictum 8,ohne ,phosphor g> ke9 ,leb510 is1 ,i v5ture to ?9k1 f> f be+ prov$4 ,if on insuffici5t evid5ce 7ref]r+ only to p>ticul> fluids7 su* a dictum is arriv$ at2 & if !n1 ! pres5ce ( organisms 9 any fluid is to be tak5 z evid5ce ( ! exi/5ce ( phosphorus 7ev5 ?\gh ?is _c be o!rwise sub/antiat$71 ! case ( phosphorus 9 relation to ,life comes to be simil> to ! case ( ! mu* abus$ g]ms4 ,mutato nom9e1 de te ,fabula n>ratur4 ,ammoniacal ,solutions 79 vacuo7 9 ,flasks :i* 7 h]metically ,seal$ dur+ ,ebullition ( _! ,fluids at a ,temp]ature ( #ij ,f4#gb 7,subsequ5tly expos$ 9 wat]-ba? to a ,temp]ature ( #ge-he ,f474 #gb ,! fluids 7 boil$ at ! l[ temp]ature1 ) ! aid ( an air-pump1 m]ely 9 ord] to be able to procure a m p]fect vacuum 9 ! flasks2 ^! exp]im5ts be+ de/9$ to %[ :e!r ! simple 7un9oculat$7 solutions w\ld become turbid 9 vacuo--t is to say1 )\t ! oxidiz+ influ5ce ( ! air--:5 !y _h n be5 expos$ to an am\nt ( heat suffici5t to de/roy any liv+ or dead f]m5ts :i* !y might conta94 99,no4 ,,lvii4--,ammonic ,t>trate ,solution99 aft] sixty h\rs %[$ a slight s$im5t1 ) blui% flakes atta*$ to sides ( flask4 ,9 eighty-f\r h\rs !re 0 a g5]al blui% opalesc5ce1 & on microscopical exam9ation ! fluid 0 f\nd to conta9 multitudes ( ,bact]ia4 99,no4 ,,lviii4--,ammonic ,t>trate & ,sodic ,phosphate ,solution499--,aft] sixty h\rs !re 0 a slight g5]al blui% opalesc5ce4 ,9 eighty-f\r h\rs ! g5]al opalesc5ce 0 n m m>k$1 b !re 7 _m flake-l aggregations 9 ! fluid1 :i* on microscopical exam9ation 7 f\nd to be aggregations ( ,bact]ia4 ,ammoniacal ,solutions boil$ 7at #bab ,f471 & expos$ to ,air 9 ,flasks ^: ,op5 ,necks 7 only loosely cov]$ ) ,pap] ,caps3 subsequ5t ,inoculation4 7,temp4 #ge-he ,f474 99,no4 ,,lix4--,ammonic ,t>trate ,solution499--,! fluid rema9$ q cle>1 & free f all trace ( turbidity up to ! n9? day1 :5 x 0 inoculat$ ) "s liv+ ,bact]ia4 ,9 fifty h\rs aft] ! inoculation !re 0 a v fa9t opalesc5ce ( ! fluid1 :i*1 9 ano!r #bd h\rs1 _h become mu* m m>k$4 ,on microscopical exam9ation x 0 f\nd to conta9 multitudes ( ,bact]ia4 99,no4 ,,lx4--,ammonic ,t>trate & ,sodic ,phosphate ,solution499--,aft] f\r days ! fluid 0 /ill q cle>4 ,9 sev5 days no trace ( g5]al turbidity1 ?\gh !re 0 a m9ute dirty-grey aggregation ab\t #a_/ad 9 diamet] at ! bottom ( ! flask4 ,on ! sixte5? day ! grey aggregation _h v slightly increas$ 9 size1 ?\gh ! fluid above 0 /ill p]fectly cle>4 ,! grey mass 0 remov$ by a small pipette1 &1 on microscopical exam9ation1 x 0 f\nd to be compos$ ( an aggregation ( m9ute extrane\s fibres1 mix$ ) blacki% p>ticles & amorph\s granul> matt]1 9 :i* 7 gr[+ _m ,torula-cells 9 all /ages ( developm5t1 & also a m9ute mycelium compos$ ( bran*$ ,lepto?rix-l fibres4#gc ,! cle> fluid 0 !n inoculat$ ) "s liv+ ,bact]ia1 & ! bulb ( ! flask 0 replac$ 9 ! w>m ba?4 ,aft] fifty h\rs ! solution %[$ a blui% turbidity1 :i*1 9 ?irty-six h\rs m1 _h increas$ to a well-m>k$ :iti% opacity1 & :5 exam9$1 ! fluid 0 f\nd to be sw>m+ ) active ,bact]ia4 #gc ,a deposit ( ?is k9d is almo/ inv>iably f\nd 9 su* solutions aft] _! f]m5tability has be5 l[]$ by previ\s boil+4 ,gr[? takes place v sl[ly 9 ^! cases1 & also :5 simil> boil$ fluids are conta9$ 9 vacuo4 ,solutions ( ,ammonic ,t>trate & ,sodic ,phosphate 7 heat$1 9 _! respective ,flasks1 = ,fifte5 ,m9utes to ! ,temp]atures m5tion$ bel[4 ,! ,necks ( ! ,flasks 7 aft]w>ds loosely cov]$ ) ,pap] ,caps1 :il/ ! ,bulbs 7 imm]s$ 9 a ,wat]-,ba? kept at a ,temp]ature ( #ge-he ,f4 99,no4 ,,lxi4--,solution heat$ to99 #adi ,f4 99,no4 ,,lxii499 #aeh ,f4 99,no4 ,,lxiii499 #aeh ,f4 99,no4 ,,lxiv499 #afg ,f4 99,no4 ,,lxv499 #afg ,f4 ,all ^! solutions rema9$ q cle> & free f any trace ( g5]al turbidity = t5 days4 ,ea* fluid 0 !n inoculat$ ) "s liv+ ,bact]ia1 & 9 ! space ( ?irty-six to sev5ty-two h\rs1 all _h become m or less obvi\sly turbid1 & on microscopical exam9ation ?is turbidity 0 f\nd 9 ea* case to be almo/ :olly due to ! pres5ce ( multitudes ( ,bact]ia4 ,int]pretation ( ! ,exp]im5ts3 ,conclusions z to ! ,cause ( ,f]m5tation1 & z to ! ,occurr5ce ( 99,ar*ebiosis994 ,^! exp]im5ts seem to %[ q conclusively t ,m4 ,pa/eur's explanations are altoge!r inadequate to acc\nt = ! occasional pres]vation ( boil$ fluids 9 b5t-neck flasks4 ,!y %[ t ! pres]vation1 f> f be+ univ]sal1 is only occasional1 & t pres]vation or non-pres]vation ( diff]5t fluids is almo/ :olly dep5d5t ^u _! nature4 ,!y l5d no c\nt5ance1 moreov]1 to 8 p>ticul> !ory1 t f]m5tation _c be initiat$ )\t ! ag5cy ( liv+ f]m5ts1--!y are1 on ! contr>y1 :olly oppos$ to ?is re/riction4 ,! plug ( cotton-wool1 or ! n>r[ & b5t tube may1 x is true1 protect ! boil$ fluid f subsequ5t contact ) liv+ 8g]ms02 b t ! fluids d n und]go *ange on acc\nt ( su* deprivation _c be safely affirm$1 :5 ! same means w\ld also filt] f ! fluid "s ( ! multitud9\s p>ticles ( organic matt] 7dead71 :i* ! air und\bt$ly conta9s1 & :i* may act z f]m5ts4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! ma9 object ( ,m4 ,pa/eur's inve/igation 0 to det]m9e :e!r f]m5tation took place "u ! ag5cy ( m]e dead nitrog5\s matt]1 z ,liebig & o!rs affirm2 or :e!r x is only initiat$ by liv+ organisms1 z he himself supposes4 ,obvi\sly1 !re=e1 ! same filtration :i* purifi$ ! air f any liv+ organisms w\ld filt] f x its nitrog5\s p>ticles1 :i* are ! o!r possible f]m5ts3 s t no conclusion c\ld be drawn f su* exp]im5ts1 m fav\rable to ! "o ?an to ! o!r ( ^! hypo!ses4 ,all t c\ld h be5 safely affirm$ 01 t by boil+ ! fluid1 & !n protect+ x f subsequ5t contact ) ev]y?+ t c\ld act z a f]m5t1 f]m5tation w\ld n take place4 ,ev5 ?is h[ev]1--z ! prec$+ exp]im5ts fully %[--_c be truly affirm$ to be a g5]al rule4 ,"s infusions d und]go *ange1 not)/&+ ?is treatm5t & deprivation1 :il/ o!rs d n3 t is to say1 "s /ill pres]ve a fir/ degree ( f]m5tability ev5 aft] boil+1 :il/ o!rs are r$uc$ by ?is process to ! second degree ( f]m5tability4 ,^! latt] are unable to initiate *anges by virtue ( _! own inh]5t in/ability2 molecul> re-arrangem5ts require to be set on foot 9 !m by contact ) "s m un/able sub/ance1 :i* is itself und]go+ *ange4 ,t su* is ! correct explanation ( ! reason :y "s fluids d n f]m5t 9 b5t-neck flasks1 seems obvi\s f ! discordant results obta9$ 9 _m o!r exp]im5ts1 aft] ! free admission ( uncalc9$ air to ! fluids :i* _h be5 boil$4 ,! fluids 7 depriv$ ( _! virtues 9 "s cases by ! heat to :i* !y _h be5 subject$1 s t :e!r !y und]w5t *ange or n1 may h dep5d$ ^u ! accid5tal pres5ce or abs5ce1 9 ! air :i* 0 subsequ5tly admitt$ to ! fluid1 ( "s unheat$ organic fragm5ts1 capable ( initiat+ f]m5tative *anges4 ,if g]ms 7 z omnipres5t z !y h be5 repres5t$ to be1 su* fluids ought always to h und]gone f]m5tation4 ,:il/ ,i h f\nd t any giv5 fluid1 ^: /r5g? is ab\t equal on diff]5t occasions1 acts 9 a def9ite mann] :5 ! flask is h]metically seal$ aft] expulsion ( all its air & dur+ ! cont9uance ( ebullition2 &1 :il/ a l def9ite result c g5]ally be obta9$1 :5 calc9$ air is admitt$ to ! boil$ fluid be=e ! vessel is h]metically seal$2 x is f\nd1 on ! o!r h&1 t ! result is 9 no way pr$icable :5 uncalc9$ air is admitt$4 ,sometimes f]m5tation takes place1 & sometimes 9 o!r flasks--seal$ at ! same "t1 & subsequ5tly plac$ "u ! same conditions--no *ange :atev] occurs4 ,my own exp]i5ce 9 ?is respect accords p]fectly ) t ( ,m4 ,pa/eur4#gd ,he1 h[ev]1 at once came to ! conclusion t ! only inf]5ce f su* facts 0 t 8g]ms0 are n s univ]sally di/ribut$ z !y _h be5 suppos$ to be by ,bonnet & ,spallanzani4#ge ,! unprejudic$ inquir]1 h[ev]1 w p]ceive t ,m4 ,pa/eur 0 entitl$ to come to no su* conclusion conc]n+ g]ms :i* 0 n equally applicable to m9ute fragm5ts or dbris ( organic matt] float+ 9 ! air4 ,&1 simil>ly1 ! evid5ce :i* he adduces ) reg>d to ! dim9ution 9 ! numb] ( ! f]tile flasks :5 !y 7 fill$ ) "s ( ! /ill air ( ! caves ( ! obs]vatory1 or else ) "s f ! peaks ( ! ,jura1#gf f> away f ! haunts ( m51 _h no be>+ ^u ! di/ribution ( g]ms :i* 0 n equally applicable to t ( dead organic p>ticles4 ,su* evid5ce1 !re=e1 0 valueless = settl+ betwe5 ! rival doctr9es ( f]m5tation--x c\ld n possibly help u to decide :e!r liv+ or dead f]m5ts 7 necess>y4 ,dead organic p>ticles w\ld s9k 9 /ill air 9 ! same mann] z liv+ organisms2#gg & simil>ly1 dead organic p>ticles1 h be5 %[n to be less & less num]\s 9 ! atmosph]e 9 proportion to ! elevation obta9$4#gh ,9 ^! latt] exp]im5ts ,m4 ,pa/eur made use ( yea/-wat] 7alone or sweet5$71 & ( ur9e--all ?ree ( !m fluids1 :i*1 aft] hav+ be5 boil$1 are apt to possess only ! second degree ( f]m5tability4 ,%ortly aft]w>ds1 ,m4 ,p\*et1 9 conc]t ) ,,mm4 ,joly & ,musset1#gi repeat$ ^! exp]im5ts1 ) ! sole diff]5ce t !y employ$ /rong infusions ( hay--:i* exp]im5t has %[n almo/ inv>iably to possess ! fir/ degree ( f]m5tability4 ,& see+ t all _! flasks1 aft] a "t1 yield$ organisms f :atev] m\nta9 elevation ! air _h be5 tak5--! comb9$ evid5ce t5ds /rongly aga9/ ! view ( ,m4 ,pa/eur4 ,s9ce ! g]ms 9 ! fluids & 9 ! flasks1 9 ea* set ( exp]im5ts1 _h be5 previ\sly de/roy$ by ebullition1 & s9ce 9 ea* set1 also1 air ( ! same "* _h be5 admitt$ to ! boil$ fluids1 ! diff]5t results seem$ to %[ t f]m5tation or non-f]m5tation1 9 su* cases1 dep5ds :olly ^u ! quality ( ! fluids employ$4 #gd ,loc4 cit4 p4 #ga4 #ge ,loc4 cit4 pp4 #ge & #gf4 #gf ,loc4 cit4 pp4 #hc & #hd4 #gg ,! subsid5ce ( ! atmosph]ic p>ticles has be5 ably demon/rat$ by ,pr(essor ,tyndall4--,see #8,nature1' #ahgj4 #gh ,see ,m4 ,p\*et's #8,n\velles ,expri5ces sur la ,gnration ,spontane1' c41 p4 #fi4 #gi ,see v>i\s communications 9 #8,compt4 ,r5d4' 7#ahfc71 t4 ,,lvii4 ,o!r evid5ce :i* is s mu* vaunt$ by ,m4 ,pa/eur & 8 support]s1 z to ! possibility ( induc+ f]tility 9 previ\sly /]ile flasks1 by ! addition ( a portion ( asbe/os conta9+ ! solid p>ticles filt]$ f ! atmosph]e1#hj is also equally valueless = confirm+ ! proposition t f]m5tation is only capable ( be+ initiat$ by liv+ f]m5ts4 ,! same asbe/os :i* may conta9 liv+ spores or organisms 78g]ms071 does und\bt$ly conta9 _m decomposable p>ticles & fragm5ts ( organic matt]4#ha ,! previ\sly b>r5 solution may !re=e be r5d]$ f]tile by ! m]e addition ( ^? portions ( un/able organic matt]1 ^: molecul> mobility has n be5 impair$ by ! ag5cy ( heat1 & :i* are !re=e capable ( initiat+ f]m5tations4 ,?is view is /r5g!n$1 z ,m4 ,p\*et has po9t$ out1 by ! fact t 9 ^! cases1 in/ead ( meet+ "s ( ! v>i\s k9ds ( organisms :i* are suppos$ to h repres5tatives 9 ! air1 & ^: spores or ova may be suppos$ to h be5 s[n1 x is (t5 m]ely ,bact]ia :i* are enc\nt]$1--diff]+ 9 no respect f ^? t may pres5t !mselves 9 a some:at simil> infusion1 :i* has und]gone *ange 9 a clos$ flask )\t any su* hypo!tical s[+ ( liv+ spores or g]ms4 ,x is m especially important to be> 9 m9d ?is consid]ation1 :5 portions ( organic matt] c always be easily demon/rat$ among/ su* atmosph]ic du/2 :il/ liv+ ,bact]ia1 or o!r organisms1 su* z are fir/ produc$ z a result ( ! suppos$ s[+ ( spores1 ei!r _c be demon/rat$1 or w\ld seem1 f o!r evid5ce1 to be at lea/ v sp>+ly di/ribut$4#hb #hj ,loc4 cit41 p4 #dj4 #ha ,speak+ ( exp]im5ts 9 clos$ flasks1 9 :i* ! air has be5 ei!r calc9$ or filt]$1 ,g]h>dt 7#8,*imie ,organique1' t4 ,,iv4 p4 #ede7 says3--8,si dans les premires expri5ces l'air calc9 ou tamis s'e/ montr beauc\p mo9s actif que l'air non s\mis ce traitem5t1 c'e/ que la *aleur r\ge ou le tamisage enlve l'air non seulem5t les g]mes des infusoires et des moisissures1 mais encore les dbris des matires en dcomposition qui y sont susp5dues1 c'e/--dire les f]m5ts dont l'activit vi5drait s'aj\t] celle de l'oxygne de l'air40 #hb ,on :at o!r supposition c "o expla9 ! results ( exp]im5ts ,,lvii4-,,lxv41 & ( o!rs allud$ to on p4 #ajj8 ,! fact reveal$ by ,m4 ,pa/eur1 t "s fluids rema9 un*ang$ = an indef9ite p]iod1 aft] hav+ be5 boil$ 9 flasks1 ) long & b5t necks1 is easily explicable 9 accordance ) ! physical !ory ( f]m5tation1 & n[ t x has be5 ?or\ghly prov$ t o!r fluids--submitt$ to precisely simil> conditions--d nev]!less und]go f]m5tation1 ?is fre% fact is j z completely adv]se to ! explanations & views ( ,m4 ,pa/eur1 z x is ?or\ghly h>moni\s ) ! doctr9es ( ,b>on ,liebig4 ,! fluids :i* are capable ( be+ pres]v$--g5]ally n pres5t+ a high degree ( f]m5tability--d n und]go *ange1 at ord9>y atmosph]ic pressure1 aft] hav+ be5 boil$1 unless !y are br\ght into contact ei!r ) "s pre-exi/+ liv+ ?+s or ) "s unalt]$ organic p>ticles f ! atmosph]e4 ,nei!r ( ^!1 h[ev]1 c ga9 access to ! fluid1 9 su* a vessel2 because all ! air :i* ent]s1 aft] ! fir/ inru% into ! /ill almo/ boil+ fluid1 has to pass1 m or less sl[ly1 ?r\gh ! num]\s flexures ( ! n>r[ neck ( ! flask & ! two or ?ree /rata ( fluid :i* always rema9 !re94 ,"s ( ! fluids :i* d n und]go *ange 9 ^! b5t-neck vessels are1 h[ev]1 by no means notable = possess+ a l[ degree ( f]m5tability4 ,?is is ! case1 = in/ance1 ) infusions ( turnip1 :i*1 "u o!r conditions1 h be5 f\nd to be mo/ prone to und]go f]m5tation4 ,&1 ,i h f\nd 9 sev]al cases 9 :i* su* an infusion _h be5 expos$ 9 a b5t-neck vessel1 & _h rema9$ un*ang$ = twelve or f\rte5 days 7ev5 ?\gh subject$ to a temp]ature ( #he-ie ,f471 t if ! neck ( ! flask 7 !n brok5 %ortly above ! bulb1 ! solution w\ld /ill cont9ue )\t alt]ation = a week1 t5 days1 a =tnight1 or ev5 m--al?\gh freely expos$ to ! air1 & !re=e to ! access ( any liv+ g]ms :i* might be float+ ab\t 9 ! atmosph]e4#hc #hc ,see notes on pp4 #gc & #gi4 ,x 0 n t ^! fluids 7 incapable ( be+ inoculat$1 or t !y 7 unsuitable = ! developm5t ( ! l[] =ms ( life1 z 0 %[n by _! subsequ5t fate1 & by ! fact t !y c always spe$ily be made to become turbid if !y are really inoculat$ ) liv+ ,bact]ia4 ,almo/ simil> facts 9 opposition to ! preval5t ,pansp]mic views h be5 not$ by ,pr(essor ,cantoni 7,r5d4 del ,r4 ,i/it4 ,lomb>do1 ,novembre1 #ahfi74 ,he f\nd 7z ,i h also frequ5tly f\nd7 t :5 fluids _h be5 subject$ to ! influ5ce ( high temp]atures1 & _h subsequ5tly rema9$ /]ile 9 clos$ flasks1 !y might be freely expos$ to ! air = "o or two weeks1 or m1 )\t becom+ turbid--al?\gh at any "t a g5]al turbidity c\ld be spe$ily induc$1 by introduc+ a few liv+ ,bact]ia into ! fluid4 ,! views hi!rto express$ ) ref]5ce to ! causes ( f]m5tation & putrefaction1 & to ! int]pretations :i* ,m4 ,pa/eur's exp]im5ts are capable ( receiv+1 seem to d]ive all ! additional support t c be ne$$1 f ! results ( my own exp]im5ts ) boil$ fluids1 9 seal$ flasks1 f :i* all air _h be5 expell$4 ,"s ( ! same fluid be+ tak5 & divid$ into ?ree p>ts1 ea* portion is plac$ 9 a sep>ate flask1 9 :i* x is boil$ = a p]iod ( t5 m9utes4 ,"o ( ! flasks 7,a7 is provid$ ) a long & b5t neck1 s t ! air :i* re-ent]s is depriv$ ( its g]ms & organic p>ticles2 ano!r 7,b7 has only a %ort neck1 & to ?is1 ! access ( g]ms & organic p>ticles is freely p]mitt$ till ! fluid has become cool1 & !n ! neck ( ! flask is h]metically seal$2 :il/ ! la/ 7,c7 is seal$ dur+ ebullition1 aft] all air has be5 expell$4 ,n[1 if ,pa/eur's !ory ( f]m5tation1 & ! preval5t notions conc]n+ ! univ]sal di/ribution ( 8g]ms0 ?r\gh\t ! atmosph]e 7 true1 x might be expect$ t ! fluid 9 ,b w\ld always rapidly *ange2 t t 9 ,a w\ld always rema9 pure2 & t ! fluid 9 ,c w\ld1 simil>ly1 und]go no alt]ation4 ,! facts1 h[ev]1 are q ! rev]se3 if a /rong turnip infusion be employ$1 ! fluid 9 ,a w almo/ always rema9 un*ang$2 t 9 ,b w sometimes rapidly *ange1 & at o!r times w rema9 q pure2 :il/ t 9 ,c w almo/ inv>iably become turbid 9 f two to six days4 ,b1 ev5 if x 7 n ! case t "s fluids1 diff]5t f ^? us$ by ,m4 ,pa/eur1 w almo/ inv>iably und]go *ange 9 b5t-neck vessels1 ,m4 ,pa/eur's explanation ( ! cause ( ! pres]vation w\ld h be5 altoge!r upset by ! fact t "s ( ! v fluids :i* rema9 pure 9 ! b5t-neck app>atus w become ftid if %ut up 9 vacuo4 ,x is1 !re=e1 ( c\rse useless to talk ( a p>ticul> boil$ fluid hav+ be5 sav$ f putrefaction on ! gr\nd t ! liv+ atmosph]ic g]ms 7^: pres5ce is suppos$ to be necess>y = ! initiation ( su* a process7 h be5 altoge!r filt]$ f ! re-ent]+ air1 :5 "s ( ! same fluid w putrefy1 if plac$ "u diff]5t conditions by :i* x is fre$ bo? f ! influ5ce ( ! atmosph]e & f its g]ms--i4e41 :51 in/ead ( filt]+ ! re-ent]+ air1 no air is p]mitt$ to ent]4 ,g]ms & atmosph]ic p>ticles be+ equally got rid ( 9 bo? sets ( cases1 ! great diff]5ce betwe5 !m is t ! weight ( ! atmosph]e is also got rid ( 9 my exp]im5ts--! fluids be+ conta9$ 9 vacuo4 ,n[ x has be5 asc]ta9$ by ,mr4 ,sorby1 t pressure und\bt$ly influ5ces 8*emical *anges tak+ place sl[ly1 & !re=e1 probably due to weak or ne>ly c\nt]balanc$ aff9ities20 & he also /ates1 9 ! ,bak]ian ,lecture = #ahfc1hd t 8a consid]able numb] ( facts h be5 describ$1 %[+ t pressure w m or less influ5ce su* *emical actions z are accompani$ by an evolution ( gas1 s t x may cause a comp\nd to be p]man5t1 :i* o!rwise w\ld be decompos$40 ,if increase ( pressure ret>ds1 a dim9ution ( pressure w facilitate su* *emical *anges1 s t "o c only expla9 ! results :i* ,i h obta9$1 on ! gr\nd t _m boil$ fluids1 :i* w n und]go *ange :5 protect$ f ! influ5ce ( atmosph]ic p>ticles 7liv+ or n liv+7 at ! same "t t !y are subject$ to ord9>y or increas$ pressure1 w1 on ! contr>y1 pass ?r\gh su* *anges :5 pressure is remov$1 & ! fluids are pres]v$ 9 vacuo4 ,x is n pret5d$ t ?is is a rule applicable to all organic fluids--f> f x4 ,dim9ution ( pressure does seem1 h[ev]1 to be a v pot5tial cause ( *ange 9 "s fluids4 ,! ext5t to :i* *anges ( a f]m5tative "* c progress 9 ! abs5ce ( atmosph]ic oxyg51 is also evid5tly subject to mu* v>iation1 9 accordance ) ! nature ( ! dissolv$ f]m5table sub/ances4 #hd #8,on ! ,direct ,correlation ( ,me*anical & ,*emical ,=ces4'--,proce$+s ( ! ,royal ,society1 vol4 xii4 pp4 #eci & #edf4 ,^! facts are n s new & exceptional1 h[ev]1 z !y may at fir/ sight appe>4 ,x has be5 long kn[n t a boil$ fluid extremely prone to *ange1 w n yield infusoria if ! vessel 9 :i* x is conta9$ is fill$ ) ! fluid4 ,burda* says#he3--8;,grui?uis5 a reconnu que des infusions1 mme trs fcondes d'ailleurs1 celles du fo9 p> exemple1 ne donnai5t po9t d'infusoires dans des flacons de v]re dont le b\*on tait assez enfonc p\r t\*] la surface de l'eau40 ,on ! o!r h&1 no exp]im5ts ) :i* ,i am acqua9t$1 9 :i* heat$ fluids & calc9$ air h be5 %ut up 9 clos$ flasks1 h yield$ s _m positive results z ^? ( ,pr(essor ,wyman ( ,cambridge1 ,u4,s41--& 8 7 p]=m$ "u precisely ! rev]se conditions4 ,l>ge flasks 7 us$1 & only #a_/ae-a_/bj ( _! bulk 0 fill$ by ! exp]im5tal fluids4#hf ,grui?uis5's results 7 expla9$ by ,burda* on ! gr\nd t a c]ta9 am\nt ( air 0 necess>y1 & x 0 also ) ! view ( subject+ 8 fluids to z l>ge an am\nt ( air 7calc9$7 z possible1 t ,pr(essor ,wyman employ$ small quantities ( fluids 9 l>ge flasks4 ,^! views 7 dictat$ by ! *emical doctr9es ( ,gay-,lussac & o!rs1 to ! effect t ! oxyg5 ( ! air is ! initiator or primum mov5s ( f]m5tative *anges4#hg #he #8,trait de ,physiologie4' ,translat$ by ,j\rdan4 #ahcg4 t4 i41 p4 #ah4 #hf #8,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce1' ,july1 #ahfb4 #hg ,see ,g]h>dt's1 #8,*imie ,organique1' t4 iv4 pp4 #edj & #edg4 ,n[1 )\t d\bt+ 9 ! lea/ t 9 "s in/ances ?is may be ! case1 x seems to me q obvi\s1 f my own exp]im5ts1 t a diff]5t int]pretation may be giv5 ( ,grui?uis5's results--:i* ,i h myself v]ifi$1--& ( ! fact t meats & vegetables w (t5 rema9 un*ang$ = ye>s aft] hav+ be5 heat$ 9 clos$ t9s f :i* all air has be5 expell$4#hh #hh ,x 01 inde$1 ! consid]ation ( ^! latt] facts :i* orig9ally =c$ ,gay-,lussac to ! conclusion1 t f]m5tation w\ld n take place 9 vacuo1 or )\t ! pres5ce ( free oxyg51 :i* 0 & /ill is1 believ$ by _m1 to be ! imm$iate det]m9+ cause ( f]m5tation4 ,if we pond] only ^u ! fact t c]ta9 fluids1 9 contact ) a v small quantity ( air1 9 an h]metically-clos$ vessel1 w n und]go *ange2 ?\gh ^! same fluids w *ange :5 expos$ to a mu* l>g] quantity ( calc9$ air1 !re may be /rong reason = com+ to an op9ion simil> to t ( ,gay-,lussac4 ,:51 h[ev]1 x is also asc]ta9$ t provisions :i* h be5 subject$ to ! long-cont9u$ influ5ce ( heat1 d n und]go *ange 9 clos$ vessels1 if all air has be5 expell$ f ! v small space above ! level ( ! provisions2 ?\gh _m organic infusions w putrefy if !y occupy only "o half1 or less1 ( a h]metically clos$ vessel f :i* all air has be5 simil>ly expell$ by ebullition ( its fluid cont5ts1 x is impossible t ! same explanation c hold good4 ,& at ! same "t ano!r int]pretation is sugge/$ = ! fir/ set ( facts4 ,! la/-m5tion$ exp]im5ts prove#hi t f]m5tation c take place 9 vacuo1 :5 ! conditions are m fav\rable ?an ^? :i* pres5t !mselves )9 ! almo/ full t9s conta9+ provisions4 ,! *ange 9 ^! latt] cases _c 79 ! great majority ( in/ances7 proce$ f>#ij1 because !re is no adequate space into :i* residual gases may be emitt$4 ,:5 ?is emission 7:i* is almo/ always "o ( ! accompanim5ts ( a f]m5tative *ange7 has tak5 place to a slight ext5t1 ! meats are 9 ! v be/ condition = pres]vation4 ,!re is an utt] abs5ce ( light1 an abs5ce ( free oxyg51 & also an abs5ce ( t dim9i%$ pressure :i* my exp]im5ts seem to %[ is fav\rable to ! promotion ( _m k9ds ( f]m5tative *ange4 ,s t if f]m5tation does n take place 9 a clos$ flask :i* is full ( a boil$ infusion ( hay1#ia x may be ow+ to ! fact t !re is no space = ! residual gases1 & t undue pressure ret>ds _m f]m5tative *anges4 ,?is is also p]fectly compatible ) ! o!r fact t ! same k9d ( fluid w und]go *ange :5 a small quantity ( x is conta9$ 9 a comp>atively l>ge flask--ow+ to !re be+1 9 su* a case1 pl5ty ( room = residual gases to be effus$1 be=e t undue am\nt ( pressure is br\ght ab\t1 9 ! pres5ce ( :i* su* a fluid w no long] f]m5t or putrefy4 ,fluids1 !re=e1 ^: putrefaction is h9d]$ by increas$ pressure & fav\r$ by dim9ution ( pressure1 may be plac$ "u conditions :i* are successively m fav\rable ?an ! la/1 by putt+ a gradually small] & small] quantity ( fluid into a flask1 to :i* calc9$ air is admitt$1 &1 bett] /ill--if ! /imulus ( oxyg5 is n absolutely ne$$ 9 ord] to incite f]m5tation 9 ! fluid employ$--by only half fill+ ! flask1 & procur+ a m & m p]fect vacuum4 #hi ,?is pro( is m sev]e 9 c]ta9 o!r exp]im5ts 7n yet publi%$7 9 :i* ,i _h ! b5efit ( ,pr(essor ,frankl&'s assi/ance4 ,! vacuum 9 ^! cases 0 p]haps m p]fect1 hav+ be5 procur$ by means ( a ,spr5gel's pump & a simultane\s ebullition ( ! fluid1 dur+ :i* ! flasks 7 h]metically seal$4 ,! clos$ flasks 7 subsequ5tly expos$ to a temp]ature ( #bic ,f4 = a %ort "t4 #ij ,an exam9ation ( t9s ( 8p]fectly good0 meats has conv9c$ me t a v small numb] ( ,bact]ia & ,lepto?rix filam5ts are occasionally to be met )4 #ia ,x has1 h[ev]1 be5 asc]ta9$ by ,m4 ,p\*et1 t be]-yea/1 ev5 aft] prolong$ ebullition1 w und]go *ange 9 a flask :i* is full & h]metically seal$2 & ! manufactur]s ( pres]v$ meats also f9d t occasionally1 9 "s ( _! be/ prep>$ t9s1 ! meats become putrid1 & t ! putridity is accompani$ by ! pres5ce ( organisms4 ,"s f]m5tations are d\btless att5d$ by a less copi\s emission ( wa/e gases ?an t :i* *>act]izes o!r f]m5tations2 & "s f]m5tations w progress 9 spite ( a mod]ate am\nt ( pressure4 ,9 accordance ) ! doctr9es ( ,b>on ,liebig1 !re=e1 my exp]im5ts1 z well z ^? ( _m o!r inve/igators1 t5d to %[ t f]m5tative & putrefactive *anges are m]ely processes ( *emical re-arrangem5t1 :i* frequ5tly take place--z x 7 8spontane\sly0--ow+ to ! inh]5t in/ability ( c]ta9 nitrog5\s comp\nds 9 ! pres5ce ( free oxyg54 ,my exp]im5ts h1 h[ev]1 also reveal$ ! additional fact t1 "u ! comb9$ influ5ce ( heat & dim9i%$ pressure1 "s fluids w und]go f]m5tation ev5 9 clos$ vessels1 f :i* all air has be5 expell$4 ,!y l5d no support to ! idea t ! air is s ?ickly lad5 ) liv+ g]ms z "s w\ld h u suppose2 & 9 view ( ! mass ( positive in=mation n[ 9 our possession conc]n+ ! degree ( heat :i* suffices to kill ! l[e/ organisms1 !y also1 z ,i ?9k1 entitle u to come to ! conclusion t su* organisms are 7z ! microscopical evid5ce might lead u to believe7 really capable ( be+ evolv$ de novo4 ,^! l[e/ organisms are1 9 fact1 to be reg>d$ z occasional concomitant products1 r ?an z inv>iable or necess>y causes ( all f]m5tative *anges4 ,x w\ld ?us appe> t specks ( liv+ matt] may be born 9 suitable fluids1 j z specks ( cry/all9e matt] may arise 9 o!r fluids4 ,bo? processes are really alike inexplicable--bo? products are simil>ly ! results ( ! op]ation ( inscrutable natural laws1 & :at seem to be inh]5t molecul> aff9ities4 ,! prop]ties ( liv+ matt]1 j z mu* z ! prop]ties ( cry/all9e matt]1 are dep5d5t ^u ! numb]1 k9d1 & mode ( collocation ( ! atoms & molecules ent]+ into its composition4 ,!re is no m reason = a belief 9 ! exi/5ce ( a special 8vital =ce10 ?an !re is = a simil> belief 9 ! exi/5ce ( a special 8cry/all9e =ce40 ,! ultimate elem5ts ( liv+ matt] are 9 all probability highly complex1 :il/ ^? ( cry/all9e matt] are comp>atively simple4 ,liv+ matt] develops into ,organisms ( diff]5t k9ds1 :il/ cry/all9e matt] gr[s into ,cry/als ( div]se %apes4 ,! great] modifiability ( liv+ matt]1 & ! reproductive prop]ty by :i* x is ess5tially di/+ui%$ f cry/all9e matt]1 seem bo? alike ref]able to ! great molecul> complexity & mobility ( ! =m]4 ,cry/als are /atical1 :il/ organisms are dynamical aggregates1 ?\gh ! evolution ( bo?1 m>k$ by _! peculi> *>act]i/ics1 may be reg>d$ z visible expressions te/ify+ to ! exi/5ce ( "o all-p]vad+ ,p[] 8,^: dwell+ is ! light ( sett+ suns1 ,& ! r\nd ocean1 & ! liv+ air1 ,& ! blue sky1 & 9 ! m9d ( man3 ,a motion & a _s t impels ,all ?9k+ ?+s1 all objects ( all ?\ght1 ,& rolls ?r\gh all ?+s40 ,,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,william ,,cl[es ,,& ,,sons1 ,,/am=d ,,/reet1 ,,& ,,*>+ ,,cross4 ,second ,edition1 revis$ & correct$1 cr[n #hvo41 price #hs4 #f;d4 ,,mr4 ,a4 ,r4 ,,wallace',s ,,contributions ,,to ,,! ,,!ory ,,( ,,natural ,,selection4 ,a ,s]ies ( ,essays4 8,he has comb9$ an abundance ( fre% & orig9al facts1 ) a livel9ess & sagacity ( reason+ :i* are n (t5 display$ s effectively on s small a scale40--,saturday ,review4 8,:atev] may be ! op9ions ( read]s ) reg>d to ?is /rangely fasc9at+ volume1 !re c be no d\bt ( its value 9 expla9+ & connect+ a v>iety ( facts 9 natural hi/ory1 :i* are too g5]ally reg>d$ z inexplicable anomalies40--,exam9]4 ,rec5tly publi%$1 9 cr[n #hvo4 price #is4 ,,on ,,! ,,g5esis ,,( ,,species4 ,by ,,/4 ,,george ,,miv>t1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 8,9 no ,"w 9 ! ,engli% language has ?is great controv]sy be5 treat$ at once ) ! same broad & vigor\s grasp ( facts1 & ! same lib]al & c&id temp]40--,saturday ,review4 8,mr4 ,miv>t's great k1 & temp]ate ?\gh =cible language1 comb9e to r5d] 8 views z to ! be>+s ( sci5ce on !ology & morality1 des]v+ ( ! mo/ att5tive p]usal40--,spectator4 ,,h]$it>y ,,g5ius3 ,an ,inquiry into its ,laws & ,consequ5ces4 ,by ,,francis ,,galton1 ,f4,r4,s4 #hvo4 #abs4 ,mr4 ,d>w91 9 8 #8,desc5t ( ,man' says3--8,we "k1 ?r\gh ! admirable lab\rs ( ,mr4 ,galton1 t g5ius1 :i* implies a wond]fully complex comb9ation ( high faculties1 t5ds to be inh]it$40 ,,on ,,comp>ative ,,longevity ,,9 ,,man ,,& ,,! ,,l[] ,,animals4 ,by ,e4 ,,ray ,,lanke/]1 ,b4,a4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,london3 ,,macmillan ,,& ,,co4 ,new & ,*eap] ,edition1 cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,pr(4 ,,huxley',s ,,lay ,,s]mons1 ,,addresses1 ,,& ,,reviews4 ,,cont5ts3--,emancipation1 ,black & ,:ite--,a ,lib]al ,education--,sci5tific ,education--,/udy ( ,zoology--,! ,physical ,basis ( ,life--,sci5tific ,aspects ( ,positivism--,on a ,piece ( ,*alk--,! ,orig9 ( ,species1 c4 ,?is ,day4 ,,essays ,,select$ ,,f ,,pr(essor ,,huxley',s ,,lay ,,s]mons1 ,,addresses1 ,,& ,,reviews4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 ,,mr4 ,a4 ,r4 ,,wallace',s #8,,malay ,,ar*ipelago4' ,! ,l& ( ! ,orang-,utan & ! ,bird ( ,p>adise4 ,a ,n>rative ( ,travel1 ) ,/udies ( ,man & ,nature4 #b vols4 cr[n #hvo4 ) #i ,maps & upw>ds ( #ej ,illu/rations1 price #bds4 ,second ,edition4 ,,habit ,,& ,,intellig5ce1 ,,9 ,,_! ,,connection ,,) ,,! ,,laws ,,( ,,matt] ,,& ,,=ce4 ,a ,s]ies ( ,sci5tific ,essays4 ,by ,,joseph ,,john ,,murphy4 ,two vols4 #hvo4 #afs4 ,,=ce ,,& ,,nature4 ,,attraction ,,& ,,repulsion4 ,! ,radical ,pr9ciples ( ,en]gy graphically discuss$ 9 _! ,relations to ,physical & ,morphological ,developm5t4 ,by ,c4 ,f4 ,,w9sl[1 ,m4,d4 #hvo4 #ads4 ,a ,,physician',s ,,problems4 ,by ,,*>les ,,elam1 ,m4,d41 ,m4,r4,c4,p4 ,,cont5ts3--,natural ,h]itage--,on ,deg5]ations 9 ,man--,on ,moral & ,crim9al ,epidemics--,body v4 ,m9d--,illusions & ,halluc9ations--,on ,somnambulism--,rev]ie & ,ab/raction4 ,cr[n #hvo4 price #is4 ,,london3 ,,macmillan ,,& ,,co4 ,,b$=d ,,/reet1 ,,cov5t ,,g>d51 ,,london4 ,april1 #ahga4 ,,macmillan ,,co4',s ,,g5]al ,,catalogue ( ,works 9 ! ,dep>tm5ts ( ,hi/ory1 ,biography1 ,travels1 ,poetry1 & ,belles ,lettres4 ,) "s %ort ,acc\nt or ,critical ,notice conc]n+ ea* ,book4 ,,section ,i4 ,,hi/ory1 ,,biography1 & ,,travels4 99,bak] 7,sir ,samuel ,w47499--,,! ,,nile ,,tribut>ies ,,( ,,abyss9ia1 & ! ,sword ,hunt]s ( ! ,hamran ,arabs4 ,by ,,sir ,,samuel ,w4 ,,bak]1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,r4,g4,s4 ,) ,maps & ,illu/rations4 ,f\r? & ,*eap] ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,sir ,samuel ,bak] "h describes twelve mon?s' exploration1 dur+ :i* he exam9$ ! riv]s t are tribut>y to ! ,nile f ,abyss9ia1 includ+ ! ,atb>a1 ,settite1 ,royan1 ,salaam1 ,angrab1 ,rahad1 ,d9d]1 & ! ,blue ,nile4 ,! int]e/ atta*$ to ^! portions ( ,africa diff]s entirely f t ( ! ,:ite ,nile regions1 z ! :ole ( ,upp] ,egypt & ,abyss9ia is capable ( developm5t1 & is inhabit$ by races hav+ "s degree ( civilization2 :ile ,c5tral ,africa is peopl$ by a race ( savages1 ^: future is m problematical4 ,,! ,,alb]t ,n',,yanza ,great ,bas9 ( ! ,nile1 & ,exploration ( ! ,nile ,s\rces4 ,new & ,*eap] ,edition1 ) ,portraits1 ,maps1 & ,illu/rations4 ,two vols4 cr[n #hvo4 #afs4 8,bruce won ! s\rce ( ! ,blue ,nile2 ,speke & ,grant won ! ,victoria s\rce ( ! great ,:ite ,nile2 & ,i h be5 p]mitt$ to succe$ 9 complet+ ! ,nile ,s\rces by ! discov]y ( ! great res]voir ( ! equatorial wat]s1 ! ,alb]t ,n'yanza1 f :i* ! riv] issues z ! entire ,:ite ,nile40--,,preface4 ,,new ,,& ,,*eap ,,edition ,,( ,,! ,,alb]t ,n',,yanza4 #a vol4 cr[n #hvo4 ,) ,maps & ,illu/rations4 #gs4 #f;d4 99,b>k] 7,lady7499--,,/ation ,,life ,,9 ,,new ,,zeal&4 ,by ,,lady ,,b>k]4 ,second & ,*eap] ,edition4 ,globe #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 8,^! lett]s are ! exact acc\nt ( a lady's exp]i5ce ( ! bright] & less practical side ( colonization4 ,!y record ! exp$itions1 adv5tures1 & em]g5cies div]sify+ ! daily life ( ! wife ( a ,new ,zeal& %eep-f>m]2 &1 z ea* 0 writt5 :ile ! novelty & excitem5t ( ! sc5es x describes 7 fre% ^u h]1 !y may succe$ 9 giv+ "h 9 ,engl& an adequate impression ( ! delight & fre$om ( an exi/5ce s f> remov$ f our own highly-wr\ght civilization40--,,preface4 8,we h nev] read a m tru?ful or a pleasant] little book40 ,,a!n,,um4 99,baxt] 7,r4 ,dudley1 ,m4,a47499--,,! ,,taxation ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,k+dom4 ,by ,r4 ,,dudley ,,baxt]1 ,m4,a4 #hvo4 clo?1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,! ,fir/ ,"p ( ?is "w1 orig9ally read be=e ! ,/ati/ical ,society ( ,london1 deals ) ! ,am\nt ( ,taxation2 ! ,second ,"p1 :i* n[ con/itutes ! ma9 portion ( ! "w1 is almo/ entirely new1 & embraces ! important que/ions ( ,rat+1 ( ! relative ,taxation ( ,l&1 ,p]sonalty1 & ,indu/ry1 & ( ! direct effect ( ,taxes ^u ,prices4 ,! au?or tru/s t ! body ( facts "h collect$ may be ( p]man5t value z a record ( ! pa/ progress & pres5t condition ( ! population ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 indep5d5tly ( ! transitory circum/ances ( its pres5t ,taxation4 ,,national ,,income4 ,) ,col\r$ ,diagrams4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,"p ,i4--,classification ( ! ,population1 ,upp]1 ,middle1 & ,lab\r ,classes4 ,,ii4--,income ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom4 8,a pa9/ak+ & c]ta9ly mo/ int]e/+ inquiry40--,,pall ,,mall ,,gazette4 99,b]n>d499--,,f\r ,,lectures ,,on ,,subjects ,,connect$ ,,) ,,diplomacy4 ,by ,,m\ntague ,,b]n>d1 ,m4,a41 ,*i*ele ,pr(essor ( ,int]national ,law & ,diplomacy1 ,ox=d4 #hvo4 #is4 ,f\r ,lectures1 deal+ ) 7#a7 ,! ,congress ( ,we/phalia2 7#b7 ,sy/ems ( ,policy2 7#c7 ,diplomacy1 ,pa/ & ,pres5t2 7#d7 ,! ,obligations ( ,treaties4 99,blake499--,,! ,,life ,,( ,,william ,,blake1 ,,! ,,arti/4 ,by ,,alex&] ,,gil*ri/4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations f ,blake's designs1 & ,fac-similes ( 8 /udies ( ! 8,book ( ,job40 ,m$ium #hvo4 half morocco1 #ahs4 ,^! volumes conta9 a ,life ( ,blake2 ,selections f 8 ,writ+s1 includ+ ,poems2 ,lett]s2 ,annotat$ ,catalogue ( ,pictures & ,draw+s1 ,li/1 ) occasional notes1 ( ,blake's ,engrav+s & ,writ+s4 ,!re are app5d$ ,engrav$ ,designs by ,blake2 7#a7 ,! ,book ( ,job1 tw5ty-"o photo-li?ographs f ! orig9als2 7#b7 ,songs ( ,innoc5ce & ,exp]i5ce1 sixte5 ( ! orig9al ,plates4 99,blan=d 7,w4 ,t47499--,,geology ,,& ,,zoology ,,( ,,abyss9ia4 ,by ,w4 ,t4 ,,blan=d4 #hvo4 #bas4 ,?is "w conta9s an acc\nt ( ! ,geological & ,zoological ,obs]vations made by ! ,au?or 9 ,abyss9ia1 :5 accompany+ ! ,briti% ,army on its m>* to ,magdala & back 9 #ahfh1 & dur+ a %ort j\rney 9 ,nor!rn ,abyss9ia1 aft] ! dep>ture ( ! troops4 ,"p ,i4 ,p]sonal ,n>rative2 ,"p ,,ii4 ,geology2 ,"p ,,iii4 ,zoology4 ,) ,col\r$ ,illu/rations & ,geological ,map4 99,bright 7,john1 ,m4,p47499--,,spee*es ,,on ,,que/ions ,,( ,,public ,,policy4 ,by ! ,"r ,hon4 ,,john ,,bright1 ,m4 ,p4 ,edit$ by ,pr(essor ,,?orold ,,rog]s4 ,two vols4 #hvo4 #bes4 ,second ,edition1 ) ,portrait4 8,i h divid$ ! ,spee*es conta9$ 9 ^! volumes into gr\ps4 ,! mat]ials = selection are s abundant1 t ,i h be5 con/ra9$ to omit _m a spee* :i* is wor?y ( c>eful p]usal4 ,i h naturally giv5 prom95ce to ^? subjects ) :i* ,mr4 ,bright has be5 especially id5tifi$1 z1 = example1 ,india1 ,am]ica1 ,irel&1 & ,p>liam5t>y ,re=m4 ,b ne>ly e topic ( great public int]e/ on :i* ,mr4 ,bright has spok5 is repres5t$ 9 ^! volumes40 ,,editor',s ,,preface4 ,,au?or',s ,,popul> ,,edition4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 clo?4 ,second ,edition4 #cs4 #f;d4 99,bryce499--,,! ,,holy ,,roman ,,empire4 ,by ,,james ,,bryce1 ,b4,c4,l41 ,regius ,pr(essor ( ,civil ,law1 ,ox=d4 ,new & ,revis$ ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,*att]ton3 ,a ,biographical ,/udy4 ,,by ,,daniel ,,wilson1 ,,ll4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,hi/ory & ,engli% ,lit]ature 9 ,univ]sity ,college1 ,toronto4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 #f;d4 ,! ,au?or "h reg>ds ,*att]ton z a ,poet1 n z a m]e 8resett] & defac] ( /ol5 lit]>y treasures40 ,review$ 9 ?is light1 he has f\nd mu* 9 ! old mat]ials capable ( be+ turn$ to new acc\nt2 & to ^! mat]ials rese>* 9 v>i\s directions has enabl$ him to make "s additions4 99,clay499--,,! ,,prison ,,*apla94 ,a ,memoir ( ! ,rev4 ,,john ,,clay1 ,b4,d41 late ,*apla9 ( ! ,pre/on ,gaol4 ,) ,selections f 8 ,reports & ,correspond5ce1 & a ,sket* ( ,prison ,discipl9e 9 ,engl&4 ,by 8 ,son1 ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,l4 ,,clay1 ,m4,a4 #hvo4 #aes4 8,few books h appe>$ ( late ye>s bett] entitl$ to an att5tive p]usal4444 ,x pres5ts a complete n>rative ( all t has be5 done & attempt$ by v>i\s philan?ropi/s = ! amelioration ( ! condition & ! improvem5t ( ! morals ( ! crim9al classes 9 ! ,briti% dom9ions40--,,london ,,review4 99,cobd5499--,,spee*es ,,on ,,que/ions ,,( ,,public ,,policy4 ,by ,,ri*>d ,,cobd54 ,edit$ by ! ,"r ,hon4 ,,john ,,bright1 ,m4,p41 & ,pr(essor ,,rog]s4 ,two vols4 #hvo4 ,) ,portrait4 7,uni=m ) ,,bright',s ,,spee*es47 ,! ,spee*es conta9$ 9 ^! two volumes h be5 select$ & edit$ at ! in/ance ( ! ,cobd5 ,club4 ,!y =m an important "p ( t collective contribution to political sci5ce :i* has conf]r$ on _! au?or s va/ a reputation4 99,coop]499--,,a!n ,,cantabrigi5ses4 ,by ,,*>les ,,h5ry ,,coop]1 ,f4,s4,a41 & ,,?ompson ,,coop]1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,vol4 ,i4 #hvo41 #aejj-he1 #ahs42 ,vol4 ,,ii41 #aehf-afji1 #ahs4 ,?is elaborate "w1 :i* is d$icat$ by p]mission to ,"l ,macaulay1 conta9s lives ( ! em95t m5 s5t =? by ,cambridge1 aft] ! fa%ion ( ,an?ony ,wood1 9 8 fam\s 8,a!n ,oxoni5ses40 99,cox 7,g4 ,v41 ,m4,a47499--,,recollections ,,( ,,ox=d4 ,by ,g4 ,v4 ,,cox1 ,m4,a41 ,new ,college1 ,late ,esquire ,b$el & ,coron] 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 8,an amus+ f>rago ( anecdote1 & w pleasantly recall 9 _m a c\ntry p>sonage ! memory ( y\?ful days40--,,times4 998,daily ,news4099--,,! ,,w> ,,correspond5ce ,,( ,,! ,,daily ,,news1 #ahgj4 ,edit$1 ) ,notes & ,comm5ts1 =m+ a ,cont9u\s ,n>rative ( ! ,w> betwe5 ,g]many & ,france4 ,) ,maps4 ,?ird ,edition1 revis$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,?is volume br+s be=e ! public 9 a conv5i5t & portable =m ! record ( ! mom5t\s ev5ts :i* h m>k$ ! la/ six mon?s ( #ahgj4 ,! special value ( lett]s f camps & battle-fields consi/s 9 ! vividness ) :i* !y reproduce ! life & _s ( ! sc5es & transactions 9 ! mid/ ( :i* !y are writt54 ,9 ! lett]s :i* h appe>$ 9 ! ,,daily ,,news s9ce ! ,franco-,prussian ,w>1 ! public has recogniz$ ?is quality z pres5t 9 an em95t degree4 ,! book beg9s ) a *ronology ( ! w> f ,july #d?1 :5 ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t call$ out ! army res]ves1 to ,decemb] #d?2 ! detailes ( ! campaign are illu/rat$ by f\r maps repres5t+--#a4 ,! battles ( ,weiss5burg & ,wr?4 #b4 ,! battles ( ,sa>brck5 & ,speie*]54 #c4 ,! battle-field be=e ,s$an4 #d4 ,a plan ( ,metz & its vic9ity4 ,,! ,,w> ,,correspond5ce ,,( ,,! ,,daily ,,news cont9u$ to ! ,peace4 ,edit$1 ) ,notes & ,comm5ts4 ,second ,edition1 ,cr[n #hvo4 ) ,map1 #gs4 #f;d4 99,dicey 7,edw>d7499--,,! ,,morn+ ,,l&4 ,by ,,edw>d ,,dicey4 ,two vols4 cr[n #hvo4 #afs4 8,an invitation to be pres5t at ! op5+ ( ! ,suez ,canal 0 ! imm$iate cause ( my j\rney4 ,b ,i made x my object also to see z mu* ( ! ,morn+ ,l&1 ( ^: m>vels ! canal across ! ,i/hmus is only ! lea/ & late/1 z "t & opportunity w\ld p]mit4 ,! result ( my obs]vations 0 communicat$ to ! j\rnal ,i !n repres5t$1 9 a s]ies ( lett]s1 :i* ,i n[ give to ! public 9 a collect$ =m40--,extract f ,,au?or',s ,,preface4 99,dilke499--,,great] ,,brita94 ,a ,record ( ,travel 9 ,engli%-speak+ ,c\ntries dur+ #ahff-g4 7,am]ica1 ,au/ralia1 ,india47 ,by ,sir ,,*>les ,,w5twor? ,,dilke1 ,m4,p4 ,fif? & ,*eap ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 8,mr4 ,dilke has writt5 a book :i* is probably z well wor? read+ z any book ( ! same aims & "* t ev] 0 writt54 ,its m]its are t x is writt5 9 a lively & agreeable /yle1 t x implies a great deal ( physical pluck1 t no page ( x fails to %[ an acute & highly intellig5t obs]v]1 t x /imulates ! imag9ation z well z ! judgm5t ( ! read]1 & t x is on p]haps ! mo/ int]e/+ subject t c attract an ,engli%man :o c>es ab\t 8 c\ntry40 ,,saturday ,,review4 99,dr] 7,albre*t7499--,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,albre*t ,d,,r]1 ( ,nrnb]g4 ,) a ,translation ( 8 ,lett]s & ,j\rnal1 & "s acc\nt ( 8 works4 ,by ,mrs4 ,,*>les ,,heaton4 ,royal #hvo4 bevell$ bo>ds1 extra gilt4 #cas4 #f;d4 ,?is "w conta9s ab\t ,?irty ,illu/rations1 t5 ( :i* are productions by ! ,autotype 7c>bon7 process1 & are pr9t$ 9 p]man5t t9ts by ,messrs4 ,cundall & ,flem+1 "u lic5se f ! ,autotype ,company1 ,limit$2 ! re/ are ,photographs & ,woodcuts4 ,,e>ly ,,egyptian ,,hi/ory ,,= ,,! ,,"y4 ,see 8,,juv5ile ,,section40 99,elliott499--,,life ,,( ,,h5ry ,,v5n ,,elliott1 ( ,brighton4 ,by ,,josiah ,,bateman1 ,m4,a41 ,au?or ( 8,life ( ,daniel ,wilson1 ,bi%op ( ,calcutta10 c4 ,) ,portrait1 engrav$ by ,,je5s2 & an ,app5dix conta9+ a %ort sket* ( ! life ( ! ,rev4 ,julius ,elliott 7:o met ) accid5tal dea? :ile asc5d+ ! ,s*reckhorn 9 ,july1 #ahfi47 ,cr[n #hvo4 #hs4 #f;d4 ,second ,edition1 ) ,app5dix4 8,a v *>m+ piece ( religi\s biography2 no "o c read x )\t bo? pleasure & pr(it40--,,briti% ,,qu>t]ly ,,review4 ,,european ,,hi/ory1 n>rat$ 9 a ,s]ies ( ,hi/orical ,selections f ! be/ ,au?orities4 ,edit$ & arrang$ by ,e4 ,m4 ,,sewell & ,c4 ,m4 ,,yonge4 ,fir/ ,s]ies1 cr[n #hvo4 #fs42 ,second ,s]ies1 #ajhh-abbh1 cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,:5 "y *ildr5 h acquir$ ! outl9es ( hi/ory f abridgm5ts & cate*isms1 & x becomes desirable to give a m enl>g$ view ( ! subject1 9 ord] to r5d] x really useful & int]e/+1 a difficulty (t5 arises z to ! *oice ( books4 ,two c\rses are op51 ei!r to take a g5]al & consequ5tly dry hi/ory ( facts1 su* z ,russell's ,mod]n ,europe1 or to *oose "s "w treat+ ( a p>ticul> p]iod or subject1 su* z ! works ( ,macaulay & ,fr\de4 ,! =m] c\rse usually r5d]s hi/ory un9t]e/+2 ! latt] is unsatisfactory1 because x is n suffici5tly compreh5sive4 ,to rem$y ?is difficulty1 selections1 cont9u\s & *ronological1 h 9 ! pres5t volume be5 tak5 f ! l>g] works ( ,freeman1 ,milman1 ,palgrave1 & o!rs1 :i* may s]ve z di/9ct l&m>ks ( hi/orical read+4 8,we "k ( sc>cely any?+10 says ! ,gu>dian1 ( ?is volume1 8:i* is s likely to raise to a high] level ! av]age /&>d ( ,engli% education40 99,fairfax499--,a ,,life ,,( ,,! ,,great ,,"l ,,fairfax1 ,comm&]-9-,*ief ( ! ,army ( ! ,p>liam5t ( ,engl&4 ,by ,,clem5ts ,r4 ,,m>kham1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,) ,portraits1 ,maps1 ,plans1 & ,illu/rations4 ,demy #hvo4 #afs4 ,no full ,life ( ! great ,p>liam5t>y ,comm&] has appe>$2 & x is "h s\ght to produce "o--bas$ ^u c>eful rese>* 9 contempor>y records & ^u family & o!r docum5ts4 8,highly useful to ! c>eful /ud5t ( ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,civil ,w>4444 ,probably z a milit>y *ronicle ,mr4 ,m>kham's book is "o ( ! mo/ full & accurate t we possess ab\t ! ,civil ,w>40--,,=tnightly ,,review4 99,=bes499--,,life ,,( ,,pr(essor ,,edw>d ,,=bes1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,by ,,george ,,wilson1 ,m4,d41 ,f4,r4,s4,e41 & ,,ar*ibald ,,geikie1 ,f4,r4,s4 #hvo4 ) ,portrait1 #ads4 8,f ! fir/ page to ! la/ ! book claims c>eful read+1 z be+ a full b n ov]cr[d$ rehe>sal ( a mo/ in/ructive life1 & ! true picture ( a m9d t 0 r>e 9 /r5g? & beauty40--,,exam9]4 99,freeman499--,,hi/ory ,,( ,,f$]al ,,gov]nm5t1 f ! ,f\ndation ( ! ,a*aian ,league to ! ,disruption ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,by ,,edw>d ,a4 ,,freeman1 ,m4,a4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,g5]al ,introduction4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,greek ,f$]ations4 #hvo4 #bas4 8,! task ,mr4 ,freeman has und]tak5 is "o ( great magnitude & importance4 ,x is also a task ( an almo/ entirely novel "*4 ,no o!r "w pr(ess+ to give ! hi/ory ( a political pr9ciple occurs to u1 except ! slight contributions to ! hi/ory ( repres5tative gov]nm5t t is conta9$ 9 a c\rse ( ,m4 ,guizot's lectures4444 ,! hi/ory ( ! developm5t ( a pr9ciple is at lea/ z important z ! hi/ory ( a dyna/y1 or ( a race40--,,saturday ,,review4 ,,old ,,engli% ,,hi/ory4 ,by ,,edw>d ,a4 ,,freeman1 ,m4,a41 late ,fell[ ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,) ,five ,col\r$ ,maps4 ,second ,edition extra4 ,fcap4 #hvo41 half-b\nd4 #fs4 8,its object is to %[ t cle>1 accurate1 & sci5tific views ( hi/ory1 or inde$ ( any subject1 may be easily giv5 to *ildr5 f ! v fir/ 444 ,i h1 ,i hope1 %[n t x is p]fectly easy to tea* *ildr51 f ! v fir/1 to di/+ui% true hi/ory alike f leg5d & f wilful inv5tion1 & also to und]/& ! nature ( hi/orical au?orities1 & to weigh "o /atem5t aga9/ ano!r4444 ,i h ?r\gh\t /riv5 to connect ! hi/ory ( ,engl& ) ! g5]al hi/ory ( civiliz$ ,europe1 & ,i h especially tri$ to make ! book s]ve z an inc5tive to a m accurate /udy ( hi/orical geography40--,,preface4 ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,ca!dral ,,*ur* ,,( ,,wells1 z illu/rat+ ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,ca!dral ,*ur*es ( ! ,old ,f\ndation4 ,by ,,edw>d ,a4 ,,freeman1 ,d4,c4,l41 =m]ly ,fell[ ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 8,i h "h tri$ to treat ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur* ( ,wells z a contribution to ! g5]al hi/ory ( ! ,*ur* & ,k+dom ( ,engl&1 & specially to ! hi/ory ( ,ca!dral ,*ur*es ( ! ,old ,f\ndation4444 ,i wi% to po9t out ! g5]al pr9ciples ( ! orig9al f\nd]s z ! model to :i* ! ,old ,f\ndations %\ld be br\ght back1 & ! ,new ,f\ndations re=m$ aft] _! patt]n40--,,preface4 99,fr5* 7,george ,russell7499--,,%akspe>eana ,,g5ealogica4 #hvo4 clo? extra1 #aes4 ,uni=m ) ! 8,cambridge ,%akespe>e40 ,"p ,i4--,id5tification ( ! dramatis p]son 9 ! hi/orical plays1 f ,k+ ,john to ,k+ ,h5ry ,,viii42 ,notes on ,*>act]s 9 ,macbe? & ,hamlet2 ,p]sons & ,places belong+ to ,w>wick%ire allud$ to4 ,"p ,,ii4--,! ,%akspe>e & ,ard5 families & _! connexions1 ) ,tables ( desc5t4 ,! pres5t is ! fir/ attempt to give a detail$ description1 9 consecutive ord]1 ( ea* ( ! dramatis p]son 9 ,%akespe>e's immortal *ronicle-hi/ories1 & "s ( ! *>act]s h be51 x is believ$1 h]e9 id5tifi$ = ! fir/ "t4 ,a clue is furni%$ :i*1 foll[$ up ) ord9>y dilig5ce1 may enable any "o1 ) a ta/e = ! pursuit1 to trace a di/+ui%$ ,%akespe>ean wor?y to 8 l9eal repres5tative 9 ! pres5t day4 99,galileo499--,,! ,,private ,,life ,,( ,,galileo4 ,compil$ pr9cipally f 8 ,correspond5ce & t ( 8 elde/ daught]1 ,si/] ,m>ia ,cele/e1 ,nun 9 ! ,franciscan ,conv5t ( ,s4 ,mat!w 9 ,arcetri4 ,) ,portrait4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,x has be5 ! endeav\r ( ! compil] to place be=e ! read] a pla91 ung>bl$ /atem5t ( facts2 & z a means to ?is end1 to all[ ,galileo1 8 fri5ds1 & 8 judges to speak = !mselves z f> z possible4 99,glad/one 7,"r ,hon4 ,w4 ,e41 ,m4,p47499--,,juv5tus ,,mundi4 ,! ,gods & ,m5 ( ! ,h]oic ,age4 ,cr[n #hvo4 clo? extra4 ,) ,map4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,second ,edition4 ,?is new "w ( ,mr4 ,glad/one deals especially ) ! hi/oric elem5t 9 ,hom]1 exp\nd+ t elem5t & furni%+ by its aid a full acc\nt ( ! ,hom]ic m5 & ! ,hom]ic religion4 ,x />ts1 aft] ! introductory *apt]1 ) a discussion ( ! sev]al races !n exi/+ 9 ,hellas1 includ+ ! influ5ce ( ! ,phnicians & ,egyptians4 ,x conta9s *apt]s on ! ,olympian sy/em1 ) its sev]al deities2 on ! ,e?ics & ! ,polity ( ! ,h]oic age2 on ! geography ( ,hom]2 on ! *>act]s ( ! ,poems2 pres5t+1 9 f9e1 a view ( primitive life & primitive society z f\nd 9 ! poems ( ,hom]4 ,to ?is ,new ,edition v>i\s additions h be5 made4 8,,globe0 ,,atlas ,,( ,,europe4 ,uni=m 9 size ) ,macmillan's ,globe ,s]ies1 conta9+ #de ,col\r$ ,maps1 on a uni=m scale & projection2 ) ,plans ( ,london & ,p>is1 & a copi\s ,index4 ,/rongly b\nd 9 half-morocco1 ) flexible back1 #is4 ,?is ,atlas includes all ! c\ntries ( ,europe 9 a s]ies ( #dh ,maps1 drawn on ! same scale1 ) an ,alphabetical ,index to ! situation ( m ?an t5 ?\s& places1 & ! relation ( ! v>i\s maps & c\ntries to ea* o!r is def9$ 9 a g5]al ,key-map4 ,all ! maps be+ on a uni=m scale facilitates ! comp>ison ( ext5t & di/ance1 & conveys a j impression ( ! relative magnitude ( diff]5t c\ntries4 ,! size suffices to %[ ! prov9cial divisions1 ! railways & ma9 roads1 ! pr9cipal riv]s & m\nta9 ranges4 8,?is atlas10 writes ! ,briti% ,qu>t]ly1 8w be an invaluable boon = ! s*ool1 ! desk1 or ! travell]'s portmanteau40 99,godk9 7,james7499--,,! ,,l& ,,w> ,,9 ,,irel&4 ,a ,hi/ory = ! ,times4 ,by ,,james ,,godk91 ,au?or ( 8,irel& & h] ,*ur*es10 late ,iri% ,correspond5t ( ! ,times4 #hvo4 #abs4 ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,iri% ,l& ,"q4 99,guizot499--7,au?or ( 8,,john ,,halifax1 ,,g5tleman407--,m4 ,,de ,,b>ante1 a ,memoir1 ,biographical & ,autobiographical4 ,by ,m4 ,,guizot4 ,translat$ by ! ,au?or ( 8,,john ,,halifax1 ,,g5tleman40 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 #f;d4 8,! highe/ purposes ( bo? hi/ory & biography are answ]$ by a memoir s lifelike1 s fai?ful1 & s philosophical40 ,,briti% ,,qu>t]ly ,,review4 99,hole499--,a ,,g5ealogical ,,/emma ,,( ,,! ,,k+s ,,( ,,engl& ,,& ,,france4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,c4 ,,hole1 ,m4,a41 ,tr9ity ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,on ,%eet1 #as4 ,! diff]5t families are pr9t$ 9 di/+ui%+ col\rs1 ?us facilitat+ ref]5ce4 ,a ,,brief ,,biographical ,,diction>y4 ,compil$ & ,arrang$ by ! ,rev4 ,,*>les ,,hole1 ,m4,a4 ,second ,edition4 #ahmo1 neatly & /rongly b\nd 9 clo?4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,"o ( ! mo/ compreh5sive & accurate ,biographical ,diction>ies 9 ! _w1 conta9+ m ?an #ah1jjj p]sons ( all c\ntries1 ) dates ( bir? & dea?1 & :at !y 7 di/+ui%$ =4 ,extreme c>e has be5 be/[$ on ! v]ification ( ! dates2 & ?us num]\s errors1 curr5t 9 previ\s works1 h be5 correct$4 ,its size adapts x = ! desk1 portmanteau1 or pocket4 8,an invaluable addition to our manuals ( ref]5ce1 &1 f its mod]ate price1 _c fail to become z popul> z x is useful40--,,times4 99,hozi]499--,,! ,,sev5 ,,weeks' ,,w>2 ,its ,antec$5ts & its ,incid5ts4 ,by ,h4 ,m4 ,,hozi]4 ,) ,maps & ,plans4 ,two vols4 #hvo4 #bhs4 ,?is "w is bas$ ^u lett]s repr9t$ by p]mission f 8,! ,times40 ,= ! mo/ "p x is a product ( a p]sonal eye-witness ( "s ( ! mo/ int]e/+ incid5ts ( a w> :i*1 = rapidity & decisive results1 may claim an almo/ unrivall$ position 9 hi/ory4 ,,! ,,briti% ,,exp$ition ,,to ,,abyss9ia4 ,compil$ f ,au!ntic ,docum5ts4 ,by ,,capta9 ,,h5ry ,m4 ,,hozi]1 late ,assi/ant ,milit>y ,secret>y to ,"l ,napi] ( ,magdala4 #hvo4 #is4 8,sev]al acc\nts ( ! ,briti% ,exp$ition h be5 publi%$4444 ,!y h1 h[ev]1 be5 writt5 by ^? :o h n _h access to ^? au!ntic docum5ts1 :i* _c be collect$ directly aft] ! t]m9ation ( a campaign4444 ,! endeav\r ( ! au?or ( ?is sket* has be5 to pres5t to read]s a succ9ct & imp>tial acc\nt ( an ent]prise :i* has r>ely be5 equall$ 9 ! annals ( w>40--,,preface4 99,irv+499--,,! ,,annals ,,( ,,our ,,"t4 ,a ,diurnal ( ,ev5ts1 ,social & ,political1 :i* h happ5$ 9 or _h relation to ! ,k+dom ( ,great ,brita91 f ! ,accession ( ,que5 ,victoria to ! ,op5+ ( ! pres5t ,p>liam5t4 ,by ,,joseph ,,irv+4 ,second ,edition1 cont9u$ to ! pres5t "t4 #hvo4 half-b\nd4 #ahs4 ,imm$iately4 8,we h be=e u a tru/y & ready guide to ! ev5ts ( ! pa/ ?irty ye>s1 available equally = ! /atesman1 ! politician1 ! public writ]1 & ! g5]al read]4 ,if ,mr4 ,irv+'s object has be5 to br+ be=e ! read] all ! mo/ notewor?y occurr5ces :i* h happ5$ s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ,h] ,maje/y's reign1 he may ju/ly claim ! cr$it ( hav+ done s mo/ briefly1 succ9ctly1 & simply1 & 9 su* a mann]1 too1 z to furni% him ) ! details necess>y 9 ea* case to compreh5d ! ev5t ( :i* he is 9 se>* 9 an intellig5t mann]4 ,reflection w s]ve to %[ ! great value ( su* a "w z ?is to ! j\rnali/ & /atesman1 & inde$ to e "o :o feels an int]e/ 9 ! progress ( ! age2 & we may add t its value is consid]ably increas$ by ! addition ( t mo/ important ( all app5dices1 an accurate & in/ructive index40--,,times4 99,k+sley 7,canon7499--,,on ,,! ,,anci5 ,,regime z x exi/$ on ! ,cont95t be=e ! ,,fr5* ,,revolution4 ,?ree ,lectures deliv]$ at ! ,royal ,in/itution4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,c4 ,,k+sley1 ,m4,a41 =m]ly ,pr(essor ( ,mod]n ,hi/ory 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,^! ?ree lectures discuss sev]ally 7#a7 ,ca/e1 7#b7 ,c5tralization1 7#c7 ,! ,explosive ,=ces by :i* ! ,revolution 0 sup]9duc$4 ,! ,preface deals at "s l5g? ) c]ta9 political que/ions ( ! pres5t day4 ,,! ,,roman ,,& ,,! ,,teuton4 ,a ,s]ies ( ,lectures deliv]$ be=e ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge4 ,by ,rev4 ,c4 ,,k+sley1 ,m4,a4 #hvo4 #abs4 ,,cont5ts3--,inaugural ,lecture2 ,! ,=e/ ,*ildr52 ,! ,dy+ ,empire2 ,! ,human ,deluge2 ,! ,go?ic ,civiliz]2 ,dietri*'s ,end2 ,! ,nemesis ( ! ,go?s2 ,paulus ,diaconus2 ,! ,cl]gy & ! ,hea!n2 ,! ,monk a ,civiliz]2 ,! ,lomb>d ,laws2 ,! ,popes & ! ,lomb>ds2 ,! ,/rategy ( ,provid5ce4 99,k+sley99 799,h5ry1 ,f4,r4,g4,s49974--,,tales ,,( ,,old ,,travel4 ,re-n>rat$ by ,,h5ry ,,k+sley1 ,f4,r4,g4,s4 ,) ,eight ,illu/rations by ,,hu>d4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,cont5ts3--,m>co ,polo2 ,! ,%ipwreck ( ,pels>t2 ,! ,wond]ful ,adv5tures ( ,&rew ,battel2 ,! ,w&]+s ( a ,capu*92 ,pet] ,c>d]2 ,! ,pres]vation ( ! 8,t]ra ,nova20 ,spitzb]g52 ,d',erm5onville's ,acclimatization ,adv5ture2 ,! ,old ,slave ,trade2 ,miles ,philips2 ,! ,suff]+s ( ,rob]t ,ev]>d2 ,john ,fox2 ,alv>o ,nunez2 ,! ,f\ndation ( an ,empire4 99,la?am499--,,black ,,& ,,:ite3 ,a ,j\rnal ( a ,?ree ,mon?s' ,t\r 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,by ,,h5ry ,,la?am1 ,m4,a41 ,b>ri/]-at-,law4 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 8,! _s 9 :i* ,mr4 ,la?am has writt5 ab\t our bre?r5 9 ,am]ica is comm5dable 9 high degree40--,,a!n,,um4 99,law499--,,! ,,alps ,,( ,,hannibal4 ,by ,,william ,,john ,,law1 ,m4,a41 =m]ly ,/ud5t ( ,*ri/ ,*ur*1 ,ox=d4 ,two vols4 #hvo4 #bas4 8,no "o c read ! "w & n acquire a conviction t1 9 addition to a ?or\gh grasp ( a p>ticul> topic1 its writ] has at comm& a l>ge /ore ( read+ & ?\ght ^u _m cognate po9ts ( anci5t hi/ory & geography40--,,qu>t]ly ,,review4 99,liv]pool499--,,! ,,life ,,& ,,adm9i/ration ,,( ,,rob]t ,,banks1 ,,second ,,e>l ,,( ,,liv]pool1 ,k4,g4 ,compil$ f ,orig9al ,family ,docum5ts by ,,*>les ,,duke ,,yonge1 ,regius ,pr(essor ( ,hi/ory & ,engli% ,lit]ature 9 ,que5's ,college1 ,belfa/2 & ,au?or ( 8,! ,hi/ory ( ! ,briti% ,navy10 8,! hi/ory ( ,france "u ! ,b\rbons10 etc4 ,?ree vols4 #hvo4 #dbs4 ,s9ce ! "t ( ,"l ,burleigh no "o1 except ! second ,pitt1 ev] enjoy$ s long a t5ure ( p[]2 ) ! same exception1 no "o ev] held (fice at s critical a "t 444 ,"l ,liv]pool is ! v la/ m9i/] :o has be5 able fully to c>ry out 8 own political views2 :o has be5 s /rong t 9 matt]s ( g5]al policy ! ,opposition c\ld extort no concessions f him :i* 7 n sanction$ by 8 own delib]ate judgm5t4 ,! pres5t "w is f\nd$ almo/ entirely on ! correspond5ce left beh9d him by ,"l ,liv]pool1 & n[ 9 ! possession ( ,colonel & ,lady ,ca!r9e ,h>c\rt4 8,full ( in=mation & in/ruction40--,,=tnightly ,,review4 99,macmillan 7,rev4 ,hugh7499--,,holidays ,,on ,,high ,,l&s2 or1 ,rambles & ,incid5ts 9 se>* ( ,alp9e ,plants4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,,hugh ,,macmillan1 ,au?or ( 8,bible ,tea*+s 9 ,nature10 etc4 ,cr[n #hvo4 clo?4 #fs44 8,botanical k is bl5d$ ) a love ( nature1 a pi\s en?usiasm1 & a ri* felicity ( diction n to be met ) 9 any works ( k9dr$ "*1 if we except ^? ( ,hugh ,mill]40--,,daily ,,telegraph4 ,,foot-,,notes ,,f ,,! ,,page ,,( ,,nature4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #es4 8,^? :o h d]iv$ pleasure & pr(it f ! /udy ( fl[]s & f]ns--subjects1 x is pleas+ to f9d1 n[ ev]y:]e popul>--by desc5d+ l[] into ! arcana ( ! vegetable k+dom1 w f9d a /ill m int]e/+ & delightful field ( rese>* 9 ! objects br\ght "u review 9 ! foll[+ pages40--,,preface4 ,,bible ,,tea*+s ,,9 ,,nature4 ,fif? ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #fs4 99,m>t9 7,fr$]ick7499--,,! ,,/atesman',s ,,ye>-,,book3 ,a ,/ati/ical & ,hi/orical ,acc\nt ( ! ,/ates ( ! ,civiliz$ ,_w4 ,manual = ,politicians & ,m]*ants = ! ye> #ahga4 ,,by ,,fr$]ick ,,m>t94 ,eigh? ,annual ,publication4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,! new issue has be5 entirely re-writt51 revis$1 & correct$1 on ! basis ( (ficial reports receiv$ direct f ! heads ( ! lead+ ,gov]nm5ts ( ! ,_w1 9 reply to lett]s s5t to !m by ! ,editor4 8,ev]ybody :o kn[s ?is "w is aw>e t x is a book t is indisp5sable to writ]s1 f9anci]s1 politicians1 /atesm51 & all :o are directly or indirectly int]e/$ 9 ! political1 social1 indu/rial1 comm]cial1 & f9ancial condition ( _! fell[-creatures at home & abroad4 ,mr4 ,m>t9 des]ves w>m comm5dation = ! c>e he takes 9 mak+ #8,! ,/atesman's ,ye> ,book' complete & correct40 ,,/&>d4 ,,h&book ,,( ,,contempor>y ,,biography4 ,by ,,fr$]ick ,,m>t91 ,au?or ( 8,! ,/atesman's ,ye>-,book40 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 #fs4 ,?is volume is an attempt to produce a book ( ref]5ce1 furni%+ 9 a cond5s$ =m "s biographical p>ticul>s ( notable liv+ m54 ,! lead+ idea has be5 to give only facts1 & ^? 9 ! briefe/ =m1 & to exclude op9ions4 99,m>t9eau499--,,biographical ,,sket*es1 #aheb-ahfh4 ,by ,,h>riet ,,m>t9eau4 ,?ird & *eap] ,edition1 ) ,new ,preface4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,a ,collection ( ,memoirs "u ^! sev]al sections3--7#a7 ,royal1 7#b7 ,politicians1 7#c7 ,pr(essional1 7#d7 ,sci5tific1 7#e7 ,social1 7#f7 ,lit]>y4 ,^! ,memoirs appe>$ orig9ally 9 ! columns ( ! 8,daily ,news40 99,milton499--,,life ,,( ,,john ,,milton4 ,n>rat$ 9 connexion ) ! ,political1 ,ecclesia/ical1 & ,lit]>y ,hi/ory ( 8 ,"t4 ,by ,,david ,,masson1 ,m4,a41 ,,ll4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,rhetoric at ,ed9burgh4 ,vol4 ,i4 ) ,portraits4 #hvo4 #ahs4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 9 a few days4--,vol4 ,,iii4 9 ! ,press4 ,x is int5d$ to exhibit ,milton's life 9 its connexions ) all ! m notable ph5om5a ( ! p]iod ( ,briti% hi/ory 9 :i* x 0 ca/--its /ate politics1 its ecclesia/ical v>iations1 its lit]ature & speculative ?\ght4 ,comm5c+ 9 #afjh1 ! ,life ( ,milton proce$s ?r\gh ! la/ sixte5 ye>s ( ! reign ( ,james ,i41 includes ! :ole ( ! reign ( ,*>les ,i4 & ! subsequ5t ye>s ( ! ,commonweal? & ! ,protectorate1 & !n1 pass+ ! ,re/oration1 ext5ds itself to #afgd1 or ?r\gh f\rte5 ye>s ( ! new /ate ( ?+s "u ,*>les ,,ii4 ,! fir/ volume deals ) ! life ( ,milton z ext5d+ f #afjh to #afdj1 :i* 0 ! p]iod ( 8 education & ( 8 m9or poems4 99,mit=d 7,a4 ,b47499--,,tales ,,( ,,old ,,japan4 ,by ,a4 ,b4 ,,mit=d1 ,second ,secret>y to ! ,briti% ,legation 9 ,japan4 ,) upw>ds ( #cj ,illu/rations1 drawn & cut on ,wood by ,japanese ,arti/s4 ,two vols4 cr[n #hvo4 #bas4 ,?is "w is an attempt to d = ,japan :at ,sir ,j4 ,davis1 ,dr4 ,legge1 & ,m4 ,/anislas ,juli51 h done = ,*9a4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( m enlight5$ ideas & ( a lib]al sy/em ( policy1 ! old ,japanese civilization is fa/ disappe>+1 & w1 9 a few ye>s1 be completely ext9ct4 ,x 0 important1 !re=e1 to pres]ve z f> z possible tru/wor?y records ( a /ate ( society :i* al?\gh v5]able f its antiquity1 has = ,europeans ! dawn ( novelty2 h5ce ! s]ies ( n>ratives & leg5ds translat$ by ,mr4 ,mit=d1 & 9 :i* ! ,japanese are v judici\sly left to tell _! own tale4 ,! two volumes comprise n only /ories & episodes illu/rative ( ,asiatic sup]/itions1 b also ?ree s]mons4 ,! preface1 app5dices1 & notes expla9 a numb] ( local peculi>ities2 ! ?irty-"o woodcuts are ! g5u9e "w ( a native arti/1 :o1 unconsci\sly ( c\rse1 has adopt$ ! process fir/ introduc$ by ! e>ly ,g]man ma/]s4 99,morley 7,john7499--,,edmund ,,burke1 a ,hi/orical ,/udy4 ,by ,,john ,,morley1 ,b4,a4 ,oxon4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 8,! /yle is t]se & incisive1 & brilliant ) epigram & po9t4 ,x conta9s pi?y aphori/ic s5t5ces :i* ,burke himself w\ld n h dis[n$4 ,b ^! are n its be/ features3 its su/a9$ p[] ( reason+1 its wide sweep ( obs]vation & reflection1 its elevat$ e?ical & social tone1 /amp x z a "w ( high excell5ce1 & z su* we cordially recomm5d x to our read]s40--,,saturday ,,review4 99,morison499--,,! ,,life ,,& ,,times ,,( ,,sa9t ,,b]n>d1 ,abbot ( ,clairvaux4 ,by ,,james ,,cott] ,,morison1 ,m4,a4 ,new ,edition1 revis$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 8,"o ( ! be/ contributions 9 our lit]ature t[>ds a vivid1 intellig5t1 & wor?y k ( ,european int]e/s & ?\ghts & feel+s dur+ ! twelf? c5tury4 ,a delightful & in/ructive volume1 & "o ( ! be/ products ( ! mod]n hi/oric _s40 ,,pall ,,mall ,,gazette4 99,mull+]499--,,cambridge ,,*>act]i/ics ,,9 ,,! ,,sev5te5? ,,c5tury4 ,by ,j4 ,b4 ,,mull+]1 ,b4,a4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 8,x is a v ent]ta9+ & readable book40--,,saturday ,,review4 8,! *apt]s on ! ,c>tesian ,philosophy & ! ,cambridge ,platoni/s are admirable40--,,a!n,,um4 99,palgrave499--,,hi/ory ,,( ,,norm&y ,,& ,,( ,,engl&4 ,by ,sir ,,francis ,,palgrave1 ,deputy ,keep] ( ,h] ,maje/y's ,public ,records4 ,complet+ ! ,hi/ory to ! ,dea? ( ,william ,rufus4 ,f\r vols4 #hvo4 #d #ds4 ,volume ,i4 ,g5]al ,relations ( ,m$ival ,europe--,! ,c>lov+ian ,empire--,! ,dani% ,exp$itions 9 ! ,gauls--,& ! ,e/abli%m5t ( ,rollo4 ,volume ,,ii4 ,! ,?ree ,fir/ ,dukes ( ,norm&y2 ,rollo1 ,guillaume ,longue-pe1 & ,ri*>d ,sans-,peur--,! ,c>lov+ian l9e supplant$ by ! ,capets4 ,volume ,,iii4 ,ri*>d ,sans-,peur--,ri*>d ,le-,bon--,ri*>d ,,iii4--,rob]t ,le ,diable--,william ! ,conqu]or4 ,volume ,,iv4 ,william ,rufus--,accession ( ,h5ry ,beaucl]c4 99,palgrave99 799,w4 ,g49974--,a ,,n>rative ,,( ,a ,,ye>',s ,,j\rney ,,?r\gh ,,c5tral ,,& ,,ea/]n ,,arabia1 #ahfb-c4 ,by ,,william ,,gif=d ,,palgrave1 late ( ! ,eigh? ,regim5t ,bombay ,n4 ,i4 ,fif? & *eap] ,edition4 ,) ,maps1 ,plans1 & ,portrait ( ,au?or1 engrav$ on /eel by ,je5s4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 8,consid]+ ! ext5t or our previ\s ignorance1 ! am\nt ( 8 a*ievem5ts1 & ! importance ( 8 contributions to our k1 we _c say less ( him ?an 0 once said ( a f> great] discov]]4 ,mr4 ,palgrave has inde$ giv5 a new _w to ,europe40 ,,pall ,,mall ,,gazette4 99,p>kes99 799,h5ry9974--,,au/ralian ,,views ,,( ,,engl&4 ,by ,,h5ry ,,p>kes4 ,cr[n #hvo4 clo?4 #cs4 #f;d4 8,! foll[+ lett]s 7 writt5 dur+ a resid5ce 9 ,engl&1 9 ! ye>s #ahfa & #ahfb1 & 7 publi%$ 9 ! 8,sydney ,morn+ ,h]ald0 on ! arrival ( ! mon?ly mails4444 ,on re-p]usal1 ^! lett]s appe> to conta9 views ( ,engli% life & impressions ( ,engli% notabilities :i*1 z ! views & impressions ( an ,engli%man on 8 return to 8 native c\ntry aft] an abs5ce ( tw5ty ye>s1 may n be )\t int]e/ to ! ,engli% read]4 ,! writ] _h opportunities ( mix+ ) diff]5t classes ( ! ,briti% p1 & ( he>+ op9ions on pass+ ev5ts f opposite /&po9ts ( obs]vation40--,,au?or',s ,,preface4 99,pri*>d499--,,! ,,adm9i/ration ,,( ,,india4 ,f #ahei to #ahfh4 ,! ,fir/ ,t5 ,ye>s ( ,adm9i/ration "u ! ,cr[n4 ,by ,,iltudus ,,?omas ,,pri*>d1 ,b>ri/]-at-,law4 ,two vols4 ,demy #hvo4 ,) ,map4 #bas4 ,9 ^! volumes ! au?or has aim$ to supply a full1 imp>tial1 & indep5d5t acc\nt ( ,briti% ,india betwe5 #ahei & #ahfh--:i* is 9 _m respects ! mo/ important epo* 9 ! hi/ory ( t c\ntry :i* ! pres5t c5tury has se54 99,ralegh499--,,! ,,life ,,( ,,sir ,,walt] ,,ralegh1 bas$ ^u ,contempor>y ,docum5ts4 ,by ,,edw>d ,,edw>ds4 ,toge!r ) ,ralegh's ,lett]s1 n[ fir/ collect$4 ,) ,portrait4 ,two vols4 #hvo4 #cbs4 8,mr4 ,edw>ds has c]ta9ly writt5 ! ,life ( ,ralegh f full] in=mation ?an any previ\s biograph]4 ,he is intellig5t1 indu/ri\s1 sympa!tic3 & ! _w has 9 8 two volumes l>g] means af=d$ x ( kn[+ ,ralegh ?an x ev] possess$ be=e4 ,! new lett]s & ! newly-edit$ old lett]s are 9 !mselves a boon40--,,pall ,,mall ,,gazette4 99,rob9son99 799,crabb9974--,,di>y1 ,,rem9isc5ces1 ,,& ,,correspond5ce ,,( ,,h5ry ,,crabb ,,rob9son4 ,select$ & ,edit$ by ,dr4 ,,sadl]4 ,) ,portrait4 ,second ,edition4 ,?ree vols4 #hvo4 clo?4 #cfs4 ,mr4 ,crabb ,rob9son's ,di>y ext5ds ov] ! great] "p ( ?ree-qu>t]s ( a c5tury4 ,x conta9s p]sonal rem9isc5ces ( "s ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ *>act]s ( t p]iod1 includ+ ,goe!1 ,wiel&1 ,de ,qu9cey1 ,wordswor? 7) :om ,mr4 ,crabb ,rob9son 0 on t]ms ( great intimacy71 ,madame de ,/al1 ,lafayette1 ,col]idge1 ,lamb1 ,milman1 c4 c43 & includes a va/ v>iety ( subjects1 political1 lit]>y1 ecclesia/ical1 & miscellane\s4 99,rog]s99 799,james ,e4 ,?orold9974--,,hi/orical ,,glean+s3 ,a ,s]ies ( ,sket*es4 ,montague1 ,walpole1 ,adam ,smi?1 ,cobbett4 ,by ,pr(essor ,,rog]s4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,pr(essor ,rog]s's object 9 ! foll[+ sket*es is to pres5t a set ( hi/orical facts1 gr\p$ r\nd a pr9cipal figure4 ,! essays are 9 ! =m ( lectures4 ,,hi/orical ,,glean+s4 ,second ,s]ies4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,a companion volume to ! ,fir/ ,s]ies rec5tly publi%$4 ,x conta9s pap]s on ,wiklif1 ,laud1 ,wilkes1 ,horne ,tooke4 ,9 ^! lectures ! au?or has aim$ to /ate ! social facts ( ! "t 9 :i* ! individual ^: hi/ory is h&l$ took "p 9 public bus9ess4 99,smi?99 799,pr(essor ,goldw99974--,,?ree ,,engli% ,,/atesm53 ,,pym1 ,,cromwell1 ,,pitt4 ,a ,c\rse ( ,lectures on ! ,political ,hi/ory ( ,engl&4 ,by ,,goldw9 ,,smi?1 ,m4,a4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 ,new & ,*eap] ,edition4 #es4 8,a "w :i* nei!r hi/orian nor politician c safely af=d to neglect40--,,saturday ,,review4 ,,sy/ems ,,( ,,l& ,,t5ure 9 ,,v>i\s ,,c\ntries4 ,a ,s]ies ( ,essays publi%$ "u ! sanction ( ! ,,cobd5 ,,club4 ,demy #hvo4 ,second ,edition4 #abs4 ,! subjects treat$ are3--#a4 ,t5ure ( ,l& 9 ,irel&2 #b4 ,l& ,laws ( ,engl&2 #c4 ,t5ure ( ,l& 9 ,india2 #d4 ,l& ,sy/em ( ,belgium & ,holl&2 #e4 ,agr>ian ,legislation ( ,prussia dur+ ! ,pres5t ,c5tury2 #f4 ,l& ,sy/em ( ,france2 #g4 ,russian ,agr>ian ,legislation ( #ahfa2 #h4 ,f>m ,l& & ,l& ,laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 99,tacitus499--,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,tacitus1 translat$ into ,engli%4 ,by ,a4 ,j4 ,,*ur*1 ,m4,a4 & ,w4 ,j4 ,,brodribb1 ,m4,a4 ,) a ,map & ,notes4 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,! translators h endeav\r$ to adh]e z closely to ! orig9al z 0 ?\ght consi/5t ) a prop] obs]vance ( ,engli% idiom4 ,at ! same "t x has be5 _! aim to reproduce ! precise expressions ( ! au?or4 ,?is "w is *>act]is$ by ! ,spectator z 8a s*ol>ly & fai?ful translation40 ,,! ,,agricola ,,& ,,g]mania4 ,translat$ into ,engli% by ,a4 ,j4 ,,*ur*1 ,m4,a4 & ,w4 ,j4 ,,brodribb1 ,m4,a4 ,) ,maps & ,notes4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,! translators h s\ght to produce su* a v]sion z may satisfy s*ol>s :o dem& a fai?ful r5d]+ ( ! orig9al1 & ,engli% read]s :o are (f5d$ by ! baldness & frigidity :i* commonly disfigure translations4 ,! treatises are accompani$ by introductions1 notes1 maps1 & a *ronological summ>y4 ,! ,a!num says ( ?is "w t x is 8a v]sion at once readable & exact1 :i* may be p]us$ ) pleasure by all1 & consult$ ) advantage by ! classical /ud5t40 99,taylor99 799,rev4 ,isaac9974--,,words ,,& ,,places2 or ,etymological ,illu/rations ( ,hi/ory1 ,etymology1 & ,geography4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,,isaac ,,taylor4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #abs4 #f;d4 8,mr4 ,taylor has produc$ a really useful book1 & "o :i* /&s alone 9 our language40--,,saturday ,,review4 99,tr5*99 799,ar*bi%op9974--,,gu/avus ,,adolphus3 ,social ,aspects ( ! ,?irty ,ye>s' ,w>4 ,by ,r4 ,,*5evix ,,tr5*1 ,d4,d41 ,ar*bi%op ( ,dubl94 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 8,cle> & lucid 9 /yle1 ^! lectures w be a treasure to _m to :om ! subject is unfamili>40--,,dubl9 ,,ev5+ ,,mail4 99,tr5*99 799,mrs4 ,r49974--,rema9s ( ! late ,,mrs4 ,,ri*>d ,,tr5*4 ,be+ ,selections f h] ,j\rnals1 ,lett]s1 & o!r ,pap]s4 ,edit$ by ,,ar*bi%op ,,tr5*4 ,new & ,*eap] ,issue1 ) ,portrait1 #hvo4 #fs4 ,conta9s notices & anecdotes illu/rat+ ! social life ( ! p]iod--ext5d+ ov] a qu>t] ( a c5tury 7#agii-ahbg74 ,x includes also poems & o!r miscellane\s pieces by ,mrs4 ,tr5*4 99,tr5*99 799,capt4 ,f41 ,f4,r4,g4,s49974--,,! ,,russo-,,indian ,,"q1 ,hi/orically1 ,/rategically1 & ,politically consid]$4 ,by ,capt4 ,,tr5*1 ,f4,r4,g4,s4 ,) a ,sket* ( ,c5tral ,asiatic ,politics & ,map ( ,c5tral ,asia4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 8,! ,russo-,indian1 or ,c5tral ,asian "q has = sev]al obvi\s reasons be5 attract+ mu* public att5tion 9 ,engl&1 9 ,russia1 & also on ! ,cont95t1 )9 ! la/ ye> or two4444 ,i h ?\ght t ! pres5t volume1 giv+ a %ort sket* ( ! hi/ory ( ?is "q f its e>lie/ orig91 & cond5s+ mu* ( ! mo/ rec5t & int]e/+ in=mation on ! subject1 & on its collat]al phases1 might p]haps be acceptable to ^? :o take an int]e/ 9 x40--,,au?or',s ,,preface4 99,trevelyan99 799,g4 ,o41 ,m4,p49974--,,cawnpore4 ,illu/rat$ ) ,plan4 ,by ,g4 ,o4 ,,trevelyan1 ,m4,p41 ,au?or ( 8,! ,competition ,wallah40 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 8,9 ?is book we are n sp>$ "o fact ( ! sad /ory2 b our feel+s are n h>r[$ by ! recital ( imag9>y outrages4 ,x is good = u at home t we h "o :o tells 8 tale s well z does ,mr4 ,trevelyan40--,,pall ,,mall ,,gazette4 ,,! ,,competition ,,wallah4 ,new ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 8,! e>li] lett]s are especially int]e/+ = _! racy descriptions ( ,european life 9 ,india4444 ,^? t foll[ are ( m s]i\s import1 seek+ to tell ! tru? ab\t ! ,h9doo "* & ,engli% influ5ces1 good & bad1 ^u x1 z well z to sugge/ "s bett] c\rse ( treatm5t ?an t hi!rto adopt$40--,,exam9]4 99,vaughan99 799late ,rev4 ,dr4 ,rob]t1 ( ! ,briti% ,qu>t]ly9974--,,memoir ,,( ,,rob]t ,a4 ,,vaughan4 ,au?or ( 8,h\rs ) ! ,my/ics40 ,by ,,rob]t ,,vaughan1 ,d4,d4 ,second ,edition1 revis$ & enl>g$4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 #es4 8,x des]ves a place on ! same %elf ) ,/anley's #8,life ( ,arnold1' & ,c>lyle's #8,/irl+4' ,dr4 ,vaughan has p]=m$ 8 pa9ful b n all unpleas+ task ) exquisite good ta/e & feel+40 --,,noncon=mi/4 99,wagn]499--,,memoir ,,( ,,! ,,rev4 ,,george ,,wagn]1 ,m4,a41 late ,incumb5t ( ,/4 ,/eph5's ,*ur*1 ,brighton4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,n4 ,,simpk9son1 ,m4,a4 ,?ird & ,*eap] ,edition1 correct$ & abridg$4 #es4 8,a m edify+ biography we h r>ely met )40--,,lit]>y ,,*ur*man4 99,wallace499--,,! ,,malay ,,ar*ipelago3 ! ,l& ( ! ,orang ,utan & ! ,bird ( ,p>adise4 ,a ,n>rative ( ,travel ) ,/udies ( ,man & ,nature4 ,by ,,alfr$ ,,russel ,,wallace4 ,) ,maps & ,illu/rations4 ,second ,edition4 ,two vols4 cr[n #hvo4 #bds4 8,a c>efully & delib]ately compos$ n>rative4444 ,we advise our read]s to d z we h done1 read 8 book ?r\gh40--,,times4 99,w>d99 799,pr(essor9974--,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,au/ria ,,9 ,,! ,,?irty ,,ye>s' ,,w>4 ,two ,lectures1 ) ,notes & ,illu/rations4 ,by ,,adolphus ,w4 ,,w>d1 ,m4,a41 ,pr(essor ( ,hi/ory 9 ,ow5s ,college1 ,man*e/]4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 8,v compact & in/ructive40--,,=tnightly ,,review4 99,w>r5499--,,an ,,essay ,,on ,,greek ,,f$]al ,,co9age4 ,by ! ,hon4 ,j4 ,,leice/] ,,w>r51 ,m4,a4 #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 8,! pres5t essay is an attempt to illu/rate ,mr4 ,freeman's ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t by evid5ce d$uc$ f ! co9age ( ! times & c\ntries !re9 treat$ (40--,,preface4 99,w$gwood499--,,john ,,wesley ,,& ,,! ,,evangelical ,,reaction ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury4 ,by ,,julia ,,w$gwood4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #hs4 #f;d4 ,?is book is an attempt to del9eate ! influ5ce ( a p>ticul> man ^u 8 age4 99,wilson499--,a ,,memoir ,,( ,,george ,,wilson1 ,m4,d41 ,f4,r4,s4,e41 ,regius ,pr(essor ( ,te*nology 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,ed9burgh4 ,by 8 ,,si/]4 ,new ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 8,an exquisite & t\*+ portrait ( a r>e & beautiful _s40 --,,gu>dian4 99,wilson99 799,daniel1 ,,ll4,d49974--,,prehi/oric ,,annals ,,( ,,scotl&4 ,by ,,daniel ,,wilson1 ,,ll4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,hi/ory & ,engli% ,lit]ature 9 ,univ]sity ,college1 ,toronto4 ,new ,edition1 ) num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,two vols4 demy #hvo4 #cfs4 ,?is elaborate & le>n$ "w is divid$ into f\r ,p>ts4 ,"p ,i4 deals ) ,! ,primeval or ,/one ,p]iod3 ,aborig9al ,traces1 ,sepul*ral ,memorials1 ,dwell+s1 & ,catacombs1 ,temples1 ,weapons1 c4 c42 ,"p ,,ii41 ,! ,bronze ,p]iod3 ,! ,metallurgic ,transition1 ,primitive ,bronze1 ,p]sonal ,ornam5ts1 ,religion1 ,arts1 & ,dome/ic ,habits1 ) o!r topics2 ,"p ,,iii41 ,! ,iron ,p]iod3 ,! ,introduction ( ,iron1 ,! ,roman ,invasion1 ,/rongholds1 c4 c42 ,"p ,,iv41 ,! ,*ri/ian ,p]iod3 ,hi/orical ,data1 ! ,norrie's ,law ,relics1 ,primitive & ,m$ival ,ecclesiology1 ,ecclesia/ical & ,miscellane\s ,antiquities4 ,! "w is furni%$ ) an elaborate ,index4 ,,prehi/oric ,,man4 ,new ,edition1 revis$ & p>tly re-writt51 ) num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,"o vol4 #hvo4 #bas4 ,?is "w1 :i* c>ries out ! pr9ciple ( ! prec$+ "o1 b ) a wid] scope1 aims to 8view ,man1 z f> z possible1 unaffect$ by ^? modify+ influ5ces :i* accompany ! developm5t ( nations & ! maturity ( a true hi/oric p]iod1 9 ord] !reby to asc]ta9 ! s\rces f :5ce su* developm5t & maturity proce$40 ,x conta9s1 = example1 *apt]s on ! ,primeval ,transition2 ,spee*2 ,metals2 ! ,m\nd-,build]s2 ,primitive ,ar*itecture2 ! ,am]ican ,type2 ! ,r$ ,blood ( ! ,we/1 c4 c4 ,,*att]ton3 ,a ,biographical ,/udy4 ,by ,,daniel ,,wilson1 ,,ll4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,hi/ory & ,engli% ,lit]ature 9 ,univ]sity ,college1 ,toronto4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 #f;d4 ,! ,au?or "h reg>ds ,*att]ton z a ,poet1 n z a 8m]e resett] & defac] ( /ol5 lit]>y treasures40 ,review$ 9 ?is light1 he has f\nd mu* 9 ! old mat]ials capable ( be+ turn$ to new acc\nt3 & to ^! mat]ials rese>* 9 v>i\s directions has enabl$ him to make "s additions4 99,yonge99 799,*>lotte ,m4997--,a ,,p>allel ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,france ,,& ,,engl&3 consi/+ ( ,outl9es & ,dates4 ,by ,,*>lotte ,m4 ,,yonge1 ,au?or ( 8,! ,heir ( ,r$clyffe10 8,cameos f ,engli% ,hi/ory10 c4 c4 ,oblong #daj4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,?is tabul> hi/ory has be5 drawn up to supply a want felt by _m tea*]s ( "s means ( mak+ _! pupils realize :at ev5ts 9 ! two c\ntries 7 contempor>y4 ,a skeleton n>rative has be5 con/ruct$ ( ! *ief transactions 9 ei!r c\ntry1 plac+ a column betwe5 = :at affect$ bo? alike1 by :i* means x is hop$ t "y p may be assi/$ 9 grasp+ ! mutual relation ( ev5ts4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,,poetry ,,& ,,belles ,,lettres4 99,all+ham499--,,laur5ce ,,bloomfield ,,9 ,,irel& or1 ! ,new ,l&lord4 ,by ,,william ,,all+ham4 ,new & ,*eap] ,issue1 ) a ,preface4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 clo?1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,9 ! new ,preface1 ! /ate ( ,irel&1 ) special ref]5ce to ! ,*ur* measure1 is discuss$4 8,x is vital ) ! national "*4444 ,x has some?+ ( ,pope's po9t & ,goldsmi?'s simplicity1 t\*$ to a m mod]n issue40--,,a!n,,um4 99,arnold99 799,mat!w9974--,,poems4 ,by ,,mat!w ,,arnold4 ,two vols4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 clo?4 #abs4 ,also sold sep>ately at #fs4 ea*4 ,volume ,i conta9s ,n>rative & ,elegiac ,poems2 ,volume ,,ii4 ,dramatic & ,lyric ,poems4 ,! two volumes compreh5d ! ,fir/ & ,second ,s]ies ( ! ,poems1 & ! ,new ,poems4 ,,new ,,poems4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 #fs4 #f;d4 ,9 ?is volume w be f\nd 8,emp$ocles on ,etna30 8,?yrsis0 7writt5 9 commemoration ( ! late ,pr(essor ,cl\gh72 8,epilogue to ,less+'s ,laocon20 8,he9e's ,grave20 8,ob]mann once m40 ,all ^! poems are also includ$ 9 ! ,edition 7two vols47 above-m5tion$4 ,,essays ,,9 ,,criticism4 ,new ,edition1 ) ,additions4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 #fs4 ,,cont5ts3--,preface2 ,! ,function ( ,criticism at ! pres5t "t2 ,! ,lit]>y ,influ5ce ( ,academies2 ,maurice de ,gu]92 ,eug5ie de ,gu]92 ,he9ri* ,he9e2 ,pagan & ,m$ival ,religi\s ,s5tim5t2 ,j\b]t2 ,sp9oza & ! ,bible2 ,m>cus ,aurelius4 ,,aspromonte1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,poems4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 clo? extra4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,cont5ts3--,poems = ,italy2 ,dramatic ,lyrics2 ,miscellane\s4 8,uncommon lyrical p[] & deep poetic feel+40--,,lit]>y ,,*ur*man4 99,b>nes99 799,rev4 ,w49974--,,poems ,,( ,,rural ,,life ,,9 ,,common ,,engli%4 ,by ! ,,rev4 ,w4 ,,b>nes1 ,au?or ( 8,poems ( ,rural ,life 9 ! ,dorset ,dialect40 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #fs4 8,9 a high degree pleasant & novel4 ,! book is by no means "o :i* ! lov]s ( descriptive poetry c af=d to lose40--,,a!n,,um4 99,bell499--,,romances ,,& ,,m9or ,,poems4 ,by ,,h5ry ,,glass=d ,,bell4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #fs4 8,full ( life & g5ius40--,,c\rt ,,circul>4 99,besant499--,,/udies ,,9 ,,e>ly ,,fr5* ,,poetry4 ,by ,,walt] ,,besant1 ,m4,a4 ,cr[n4 #hvo4 #hs4 #f;d4 ,a sort ( impression re/s on mo/ m9ds t ,fr5* lit]ature beg9s ) ! 8sicle de ,l\is ,quatorze20 any previ\s lit]ature be+ = ! mo/ "p unkn[n or ignor$4 ,few "k any?+ ( ! enorm\s lit]>y activity t began 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 0 c>ri$ on by ,rulebeuf1 ,m>ie de ,france1 ,ga/on de ,foix1 ,?ibault de ,*ampagne1 & ,lorris2 0 fo/]$ by ,*>les ( ,orleans1 by ,m>g>et ( ,valois1 by ,francis ! ,fir/2 t gave a cr[d ( v]sifi]s to ,france1 enri*$1 /r5g!n$1 develop$1 & fix$ ! ,fr5* language1 & prep>$ ! way = ,corneille & = ,rac9e4 ,! pres5t "w aims to af=d in=mation & direction t\*+ ! e>ly ef=ts ( ,france 9 poetical lit]ature4 8,9 "o mod]ately siz$ volume he has contriv$ to introduce u to ! v be/1 if n to all ( ! e>ly ,fr5* poets40--,,a!n,,um4 99,brad%aw499--,,an ,,attempt ,,to ,,asc]ta9 ,,! ,,/ate ,,( ,,*auc]',s ,,works1 ,,z ,,!y ,,7 ,,left ,,at ,,8 ,,dea?4 ,) "s ,notes ( _! ,subsequ5t ,hi/ory4 ,by ,,h5ry ,,brad%aw1 ( ,k+'s ,college1 & ! ,univ]sity ,libr>y1 ,cambridge4 ,9 ! ,press4 99,brimley499--,,essays ,,by ,,! ,,late ,,george ,,brimley1 ,m4,a4 ,edit$ by ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,g4 ,,cl>k1 ,m4,a4 ,) ,portrait4 ,*eap] ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,essays on lit]>y topics1 su* z ,t5nyson's 8,poems10 ,c>lyle's 8,life ( ,/irl+10 8,bleak ,h\se10 c41 repr9t$ f ,fras]1 ! ,spectator1 & l p]iodicals4 99,broome499--,,! ,,/rang] ,,( ,,s]iphos4 ,a ,dramatic ,poem4 ,by ,,fr$]ick ,,napi] ,,broome4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #es4 ,f\nd$ on ! ,greek leg5d ( ,danae & ,p]seus4 8,grace & beauty ( expression are ,mr4 ,broome's *>act]i/ics2 & ^! qualities are display$ 9 _m passages40--,,a!n,,um4 99,*ur*99 799,a4 ,j49974--,,hor ,,t5nysonian1 ,sive ,eclog e ,t5nysono ,lat9e r$dit4 ,cura ,a4 ,j4 ,,*ur*1 ,a4,m4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 #fs4 ,lat9 v]sions ( ,selections f ,t5nyson4 ,among ! au?ors are ! ,editor1 ! late ,pr(essor ,con+ton1 ,pr(essor ,seeley1 ,dr4 ,hessey1 ,mr4 ,kebbel1 & o!r g5tlem54 99,cl\gh99 799,ar?ur ,hugh9974--,,! ,,poems ,,& ,,prose ,,rema9s ,,( ,,ar?ur ,,hugh ,,cl\gh4 ,) a ,selection f 8 ,lett]s & a ,memoir4 ,edit$ by 8 ,wife4 ,) ,portrait4 ,two vols4 cr[n #hvo4 #bas4 ,or ,poems sep>ately1 z bel[4 ,! late ,pr(essor ,cl\gh is well kn[n z a graceful1 t5d] poet1 & z ! s*ol>ly translator ( ,plut>*4 ,! lett]s possess high int]e/1 n biographical only1 b lit]>y--discuss+1 z !y d1 ! mo/ important que/ions ( ! "t1 always 9 a g5ial _s4 ,! 8,rema9s0 include pap]s on 8,retr5*m5t at ,ox=d20 on ,pr(essor ,f4 ,w4 ,newman's book 8,! ,s\l20 on ,wordswor?2 on ! ,=mation ( ,classical ,engli%2 on "s ,mod]n ,poems 7,mat!w ,arnold & ! late ,alex&] ,smi?71 c4 c4 ,,! ,,poems ,,( ,,ar?ur ,,hugh ,,cl\gh1 sometime ,fell[ ( ,oriel ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #fs4 8,f ! high] m9d ( cultivat$1 all-que/ion+1 b /ill cons]vative ,engl&1 9 ?is our puzzl$ g5]ation1 we d n "k ( any utt]ance 9 lit]ature s *>act]i/ic z ! poems ( ,ar?ur ,hugh ,cl\gh40--,,fras]',s ,,magaz9e4 99,dante499--,,dante',s ,,com$y1 ,,! ,,hell4 ,translat$ by ,w4 ,m4 ,,rossetti4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 clo?4 #es4 8,! aim ( ?is translation ( ,dante may be summ$ up 9 "o ^w--,lit]ality4444 ,to foll[ ,dante s5t5ce = s5t5ce1 l9e = l9e1 ^w = ^w--nei!r m nor less--has be5 my /r5u\s endeav\r40--,,au?or',s ,,preface4 99,de ,v]e499--,,! ,,infant ,,bridal1 & o!r ,poems4 ,by ,,aubrey ,,de ,,v]e4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 8,mr4 ,de ,v]e has tak5 8 place among ! poets ( ! day4 ,pure & t5d] feel+1 & t poli%$ re/ra9t ( /yle :i* is call$ classical1 are ! *>ms ( ! volume40--,,spectator4 99,doyle99 799,sir ,f4 ,h49974--,works by ,sir ,,francis ,,ha/+s ,,doyle1 ,pr(essor ( ,poetry 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d3-- ,,! ,,return ,,( ,,! ,,gu>ds1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,poems4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #gs4 8,good w9e ne$s no bu%1 nor good v]se a preface2 & ,sir ,francis ,doyle's v]ses run bright & cle>1 & smack ( a classic v9tage4444 ,8 *ief *>act]i/ic1 z x is 8 greate/ *>m1 is ! simple manl9ess :i* gives =ce to all he writes4 ,x is a *>act]i/ic 9 ^! days r>e en\gh40--,,exam9]4 ,,lectures ,,on ,,poetry1 deliv]$ be=e ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d 9 #ahfh4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,?ree ,,lectures3--7#a7 ,inaugural2 7#b7 ,prov9cial ,poetry2 7#c7 ,dr4 ,newman's 8,dream ( ,g]ontius40 8,full ( ?\ghtful discrim9ation & f9e insight3 ! lecture on #8,prov9cial ,poetry' seems to u s+ul>ly true1 eloqu5t1 & in/ructive40--,,spectator4 99,evans499--,,bro!r ,,fabian',s ,,manuscript1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,poems4 ,by ,,seba/ian ,,evans4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 clo?4 #fs4 8,9 ?is volume we h full assurance t he has #8! vision & ! faculty div9e4' 444 ,clev] & full ( k9dly hum\r40--,,globe4 99,furnivall499--,,le ,,morte ,d',,ar?ur4 ,edit$ f ! ,h>leian ,m4,s4 #bbeb1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,by ,f4 ,j4 ,,furnivall1 ,m4,a4 ,) ,essay by ! late ,,h]b]t ,,col]idge4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,look+ to ! int]e/ %[n by s _m ?\s&s 9 ,mr4 ,t5nyson's ,ar?urian poems1 ! editor & publi%]s h ?\ght t ! old v]sion w\ld possess consid]able int]e/4 ,x is a repr9t ( ! celebrat$ ,h>leian copy2 & is accompani$ by index & gloss>y4 99,g>nett499--,,idylls ,,& ,,epigrams4 ,*iefly f ! ,greek ,an?ology4 ,by ,,ri*>d ,,g>nett4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 8,a *>m+ little book4 ,= ,engli% read]s1 ,mr4 ,g>nett's translations w op5 a new _w ( ?\ght40--,,we/m9/] ,,review4 ,,guesses ,,at ,,tru?4 ,by ,,two ,,bro!rs4 ,) ,vignette1 ,title1 & ,frontispiece4 ,new ,edition1 ) ,memoir4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #fs4 8,! foll[+ ye> 0 memorable = ! comm5cem5t ( ! #8,guesses at ,tru?4' ,he & 8 ,ox=d bro!r1 liv+ z !y did 9 con/ant & free int]*ange ( ?\ght on que/ions ( philosophy & lit]ature & art2 delight+1 ea* ( !m1 9 ! epigrammatic t]s5ess :i* is ! *>m ( ! #8,p5ses' ( ,pascal1 & ! #8,c>actres' ( ,la ,bruyre--agre$ to utt] !mselves 9 ?is =m1 & ! book appe>$1 anonym\sly1 9 two volumes1 9 #ahbg40--,,memoir4 99,ham]ton499--,a ,,pa9t]',s ,,camp4 ,by ,,philip ,,gilb]t ,,ham]ton4 ,second ,edition1 revis$4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 #fs4 ,,book ,i4 ,9 ,engl&2 ,,book ,,ii4 ,9 ,scotl&2 ,,book ,,iii4 ,9 ,france4 ,?is is ! /ory ( an ,arti/'s encampm5ts & adv5tures4 ,! head+s ( a few *apt]s may s]ve to convey a notion ( ! "* ( ! book3 ,a ,walk on ! ,lanca%ire ,moors2 ! ,au?or 8 own ,h\sekeep] & ,cook2 ,t5ts & ,boats = ! ,highl&s2 ,! ,au?or encamps on an un9habit$ ,isl&2 ,a ,lake ,voyage2 ,a ,gipsy ,j\rney to ,gl5 ,coe2 ,conc]n+ ,moonlight & ,old ,ca/les2 ,a little ,fr5* ,city2 ,a ,f>m 9 ! ,autunois1 c4 c4 8,8 pages sp>kle ) _m turns ( expression1 n a few well-told anecdotes1 & _m obs]vations :i* are ! fruit ( att5tive /udy & wise reflection on ! complicat$ ph5om5a ( human life1 z well z ( unconsci\s nature40--,,we/m9/] ,,review4 ,,et*+ ,,& ,,et*]s4 ,a ,treatise ,critical & ,practical4 ,by ,p4 ,g4 ,ham]ton4 ,) ,orig9al ,plates by ,,rembr&t1 ,,callot1 ,,duj>d91 ,,paul ,,pott]1 c4 ,royal #hvo4 ,half morocco4 #cas4 #f;d4 8,x is a "w ( :i* au?or1 pr9t]1 & publi%] may alike feel pr\d4 ,x is a "w1 too1 ( :i* none b a g5u9e arti/ c\ld by possibility h be5 ! au?or40--,,saturday ,,review4 99,h]s*el499--,,! ,,iliad ,,( ,,hom]4 ,translat$ into ,engli% ,hexamet]s4 ,by ,sir ,,john ,,h]s*el1 ,b>t4 #hvo4 #ahs4 ,a v]sion ( ! ,iliad 9 ,engli% ,hexamet]s4 ,! "q ( ,hom]ic translation is fully discuss$ 9 ! ,preface4 8,x is admirable1 n only = _m intr9sic m]its1 b z a great man's tribute to ,g5ius40--,,illu/rat$ ,,london ,,news4 ,,hiatus3 ! ,void 9 ,mod]n ,education4 ,its ,cause & ,antidote4 ,by ,,outis4 #hvo4 #hs4 #f;d4 ,! ma9 object ( ?is ,essay is to po9t out h[ ! emotional elem5t :i* und]lies ! ,f9e ,arts is disreg>d$ & undevelop$ at ?is "t s f> z 7despite a pret5ce at fill+ x up7 to con/itute an ,educational ,hiatus4 99,huxley99 799,pr(essor9974--,,lay ,,s]mons1 ,,addresses1 ,,& ,,reviews4 ,by ,t4 ,h4 ,,huxley1 ,,ll4,d41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,second & ,*eap] ,edition1 cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,f\rte5 disc\rses on ! foll[+ subjects3--,on ! ,advisabl5ess ( ,improv+ ,natural ,k2 ,emancipation--,black & ,:ite2 ,a ,lib]al ,education1 & :]e to f9d x2 ,sci5tific ,education2 on ! ,educational ,value ( ! ,natural ,hi/ory ,sci5ces2 on ! ,/udy ( ,zoology2 on ! ,physical ,basis ( ,life2 ! ,sci5tific ,aspects ( ,positivism2 on a ,piece ( ,*alk2 ,geological ,contemporaneity & ,p]si/5t ,types ( ,life2 ,geological ,re=m2 ! ,orig9 ( ,species2 ,criticisms on ! 8,orig9 ( ,species20 on ,desc>tes' 8,disc\rse t\*+ ! ,me?od ( us+ "o's ,reason rightly & ( seek+ ,sci5tific ,tru?40 ,,essays ,,select$ ,,f ,,lay ,,s]mons1 ,,addresses1 ,,& ,,reviews4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo?4 #bs4 ,:il/ publi%+ a second edition ( 8 ,lay ,s]mons1 ,addresses1 & ,reviews1 ,pr(essor ,huxley has1 at ! sugge/ion ( _m fri5ds1 issu$ 9 a *eap & popul> =m ! selection we are n[ notic+4 ,x includes ! foll[+ essays3--7#a7 ,on ! ,advisabl5ess ( ,improv+ ,natural ,k4 7#b7 ,a ,lib]al ,education1 & :]e to f9d x4 7#c7 ,sci5tific ,education1 notes ( an aft]-d9n] spee*4 7#d7 ,on ! ,physical ,basis ( ,life4 7#e7 ,! ,sci5tific ,aspects ( ,positivism4 7#f7 ,on ,desc>tes' 8,disc\rse t\*+ ! ,me?od ( us+ "o's ,reason ,rightly & ( seek+ ,sci5tific ,tru?40 99,k5n$y499--,,leg5d>y ,,fictions ,,( ,,! ,,iri% ,,celts4 ,collect$ & ,n>rat$ by ,,patrick ,,k5n$y4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,) ,two ,illu/rations4 #gs4 #f;d4 8,a v admirable popul> selection ( ! ,iri% fairy /ories & leg5ds1 9 :i* ^? :o are famili> ) ,mr4 ,crok]'s1 & o!r selections ( ! same k9d1 w f9d mu* t is fre%1 & full ( ! peculi> vivacity & hum\r1 & sometimes ev5 ( ! ideal beauty1 ( ! true ,celtic ,leg5d40--,,spectator4 99,k+sley99 799,canon9974--,see also 8,,hi/oric ,,section10 8,,works ,,( ,,fiction10 & 8,,philosophy20 also 8,,juv5ile ,,books10 & 8,,!ology40 ,,! ,,sa9ts' ,,trag$y3 or1 ,! ,true ,/ory ( ,elizabe? ( ,hung>y4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,,*>les ,,k+sley4 ,) a ,preface by ! ,rev4 ,f4 ,d4 ,,maurice4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #es4 ,,&rom$a1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,poems4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #es4 ,,phae?on3 or1 ,loose ,?\ghts = ,loose ,?9k]s4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 99,l[ell99 799,pr(essor9974--,,among ,,my ,,books4 ,six ,essays4 ,by ,,james ,,russell ,,l[ell1 ,m4,a41 ,pr(essor ( ,belles ,lettres 9 ,h>v>d ,college4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,six ,essays3 ,dryd52 ,wit*craft2 ,%akespe>e ,once ,m2 ,new ,engl& ,two ,c5turies ago2 ,less+2 ,r\sseau & ! ,s5tim5tali/s4 ,,"u ,,! ,,will[s1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,poems4 ,by ,,james ,,russell ,,l[ell4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #fs4 8,"u ! ,will[s is "o ( ! mo/ admirable bits ( idyllic "w1 %ort z x is1 or p]haps because x is %ort1 t h be5 done 9 our g5]ation40--,,saturday ,,review4 99,masson99 799,pr(essor9974--,,essays1 ,,biographical ,,& ,,critical4 ,*iefly on ! ,briti% ,poets4 ,by ,,david ,,masson1 ,,ll4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,rhetoric 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,ed9burgh4 #hvo4 #abs4 #f;d4 8,di/+ui%$ by a rem>kable p[] ( analysis1 a cle> /atem5t ( ! actual facts on :i* speculation is bas$1 & an appropriate beauty ( language4 ,^! essays %\ld be popul> ) s]i\s m540--,,a!n,,um4 ,,briti% ,,noveli/s ,,& ,,_! ,,/yles4 ,be+ a ,critical ,sket* ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,briti% ,prose ,fiction4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 8,valuable = its lucid analysis ( fundam5tal pr9ciples1 its bread? ( view1 & su/a9$ animation ( /yle40--,,spectator4 ,,mrs4 ,,j]n+ham',s ,,j\rnal4 ,second ,edition4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,a ,poem ( ! b\doir or dome/ic class1 purport+ to be ! j\rnal ( a newly-m>ri$ lady4 8,"o quality 9 ! piece1 suffici5t ( itself to claim a mom5t's att5tion1 is t x is unique--orig9al1 inde$1 is n too /rong a ^w--9 ! mann] ( its conception & execution40--,,pall ,,mall ,,gazette4 99,mi/ral99 799,f49974--,,mirelle3 a ,pa/oral ,epic ( ,prov5ce4 ,translat$ by ,h4 ,,cri*ton4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 #fs4 8,?is is a capital translation ( ! elegant & ri*ly-col\r$ pa/oral epic poem ( ,m4 ,mi/ral :i*1 9 #ahei1 he d$icat$ 9 en?usia/ic t]ms to ,lam>t9e4444 ,x w\ld be h>d to ov]praise ! sweetness & pleas+ fre%ness ( ?is *>m+ epic40--,,a!n,,um4 99,my]s99 799,erne/9974--,,! ,,puritans4 ,by ,,erne/ ,,my]s4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 clo?4 #bs4 #f;d4 8,x is n too mu* to call x a really gr& poem1 /ately & dignifi$1 & %[+ n only a high poetic m9d1 b also great p[] ov] poetic expression40--,,lit]>y ,,*ur*man4 99,my]s99 799,f4 ,w4 ,h49974--,poems4 ,by ,f4 ,w4 ,h4 ,,my]s4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,conta9+ 8,/4 ,,paul10 8,/4 ,,john10 & o!r ,poems4 8,/4 ,paul /&s )\t a rival z ! noble/ religi\s poem :i* has be5 writt5 9 an age :i* beyond any o!r has be5 prolific 9 ?is class ( poetry4 ,! sublime/ conceptions are express$ 9 language :i* = ri*ness1 ta/e1 & purity1 we h nev] se5 excell$40--,,john ,,bull4 99,nettle%ip4--99,,essays ,,on ,,rob]t ,,br[n+',s ,,poetry4 ,by ,,john ,t4 ,,nettle%ip4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 #fs4 #f;d4 99,noel499--,,beatrice1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,poems4 ,by ! ,,hon4 ,,rod5 ,,noel4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #fs4 8,beatrice is 9 _m respects a noble poem2 x displays a spl5d\r ( l&scape pa9t+1 a /rong def9ite precision ( highly-col\r$ description1 :i* has n (t5 be5 surpass$40--,,pall ,,mall ,,gazette4 99,norton499--,,! ,,lady ,,( ,,la ,,g>aye4 ,by ! ,,hon4 ,,mrs4 ,,norton4 ,) ,vignette & ,frontispiece4 ,six? ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 8,!re is no lack ( vig\r1 no falt]+ ( p[]1 pl5ty ( passion1 mu* bright description1 mu* musical v]se4444 ,full ( ?\ghts well-express$1 & may be class$ among h] be/ works40--,,times4 99,orwell499--,,! ,,bi%op',s ,,walk ,,& ,,! ,,bi%op',s ,,times4 ,poems on ! days ( ,ar*bi%op ,leighton & ! ,scotti% ,cov5ant4 ,by ,,orwell4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #es4 8,pure ta/e & faultless precision ( language1 ! fruits ( deep ?\ght1 insight into human nature1 & lively sympa?y40--,,noncon=mi/4 99,palgrave99 799,francis ,t49974--,,essays ,,on ,,art4 ,by ,,francis ,,turn] ,,palgrave1 ,m4,a41 late ,fell[ ( ,exet] ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 #fs4 ,mulready--,dyce--,holman ,hunt--,h]b]t--,poetry1 ,prose1 & ,s5sationalism 9 ,art--,sculpture 9 ,engl&--,! ,alb]t ,cross1 c4 ,,%akespe>e',s ,,sonnets ,,& ,,songs4 ,edit$ by ,f4 ,t4 ,,palgrave4 ,gem ,edition4 ,) ,vignette ,title by ,,je5s4 #cs4 #f;d4 8,= m9ute elegance no volume c\ld possibly excel ! #8,gem ,edition4'0--,,scotsman4 ,,orig9al ,,hymns4 ,by ,f4 ,t4 ,,palgrave4 ,?ird ,edition1 enl>g$1 #ahmo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,,lyrical ,,poems4 ,by ,f4 ,t4 ,,palgrave4 ,ne>ly ready4 99,patmore499--,works by ,,cov5try ,,patmore3-- ,,! ,,angel ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se4 ,,book ,i4 ,! ,betro?al2 ,,book ,,ii4 ,! ,esp\sals2 ,,book ,,iii4 ,fai?ful = ,ev]4 ,) ,tam]ton ,*ur* ,t[]4 ,two vols4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #abs4 999999 ,a ,new & ,*eap ,edition 9 "o vol4 #ahmo41 beautifully pr9t$ on ton$ pap]1 price #bs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,victories ,,( ,,love4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 8,! intr9sic m]it ( 8 poem w secure x a p]man5t place 9 lit]ature4444 ,mr4 ,patmore has fully e>n$ a place 9 ! catalogue ( poets by ! f9i%$ idealization ( dome/ic life40--,,saturday ,,review4 99,pemb]99 799,e4 ,h49974--,,! ,,trag$y ,,( ,,lesbos4 ,a ,dramatic ,poem4 ,by ,e4 ,h ,,pemb]4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,f\nd$ ^u ! /ory ( ,sappho4 99,ri*>dson499--,,! ,,iliad ,,( ,,! ,,ea/4 ,a ,selection ( ,leg5ds drawn f ,valmiki's ,sanskrit ,poem 8,! ,ramayana40 ,by ,,fr$]ika ,,ri*>dson4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 8,a *>m+ volume :i* at once enme%es ! read] 9 its sn>es40--,,a!n,,um4 99,rhoades99 799,james9974--,,poems4 ,by ,,james ,,rhoades4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,poems ,,& ,,sonnets4 ,cont5ts3--,ode to ,h>mony2 ,to ! ,_s ( ,unre/2 ,ode to ,w9t]2 ,! ,tunnel2 ,to ! ,_s ( ,beauty2 ,song ( a ,leaf2 ,by ! ,ro?a2 ,an ,old ,or*>d2 ,love & ,re/2 ,! ,fl[]s ,surpris$2 ,on ! ,dea? ( ,artemus ,w>d2 ,! ,two ,pa?s2 ,! ,ballad ( ,little ,maisie2 ,sonnets4 99,rossetti499--,works by ,,*ri/9a ,,rossetti3-- ,,gobl9 ,,m>ket1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,poems4 ,) two ,designs by ,d4 ,g4 ,,rossetti4 ,second ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #es4 8,%e h&les h] little m>vel ) t r>e poetic discrim9ation :i* nei!r exhau/s x ( its simple wond]s by pu%+ symbolism too f>1 nor keeps ^? wond]s 9 ! m]ely fabul\s & caprici\s /age4 ,9 fact %e has produc$ a true *ildr5's poem1 :i* is f> m delightful to ! mature ?an to *ildr51 ?\gh x w\ld be delightful to all40--,,spectator4 ,,! ,,pr9ce',s ,,progress1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,poems4 ,) two ,designs by ,d4 ,g4 ,,rossetti4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #fs4 8,miss ,rossetti's poems are ( ! k9d :i* recalls ,%elley's def9ition ( ,poetry z ! record ( ! be/ & happie/ mom5ts ( ! be/ & happie/ m9ds4444 ,!y are l ! pip+ ( a bird on ! spray 9 ! sun%9e1 or ! qua9t s++ ) :i* a *ild amuses itself :5 x =gets t anybody is li/5+40--,,saturday ,,review4 99,rossetti99 799,w4 ,m49974--,,dante',s ,,hell4 ,see 8,,dante40 ,,f9e ,,art1 *iefly ,contempor>y4 ,by ,,william ,m4 ,,rossetti4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,?is volume consi/s ( ,criticism on ,contempor>y ,art1 repr9t$ f ,fras]1 ,! ,saturday ,review1 ,! ,pall ,mall ,gazette1 & o!r publications4 99,roby499--,,/ory ,,( ,a ,,h\sehold1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,poems4 ,by ,,m>y ,k4 ,,roby4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #es4 99,seeley99 799,pr(essor9974--,,lectures ,,& ,,essays4 ,by ,j4 ,r4 ,,seeley1 ,m4,a4 ,pr(essor ( ,mod]n ,hi/ory 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge4 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,cont5ts3--,roman ,imp]ialism3 #a4 ,! ,great ,roman ,revolution2 #b4 ,! ,proximate cause ( ! ,fall ( ! ,roman ,empire2 #c4 ,! ,lat] ,empire4--,milton's ,political ,op9ions--,milton's ,poetry--,elem5t>y ,pr9ciples 9 ,art--,lib]al ,education 9 ,univ]sities--,engli% 9 ,s*ools--,! ,*ur* z a ,tea*] ( ,morality--,! ,tea*+ ( ,politics3 an ,inaugural ,lecture deliv]$ at ,cambridge4 99,%airp99 799,pr9cipal9974--,,kilmahoe1 a ,highl& ,pa/oral1 ) o!r ,poems4 ,by ,,john ,,campbell ,,%airp4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #es4 8,kilmahoe is a ,highl& ,pa/oral1 r$ol5t ( ! w>m s(t air ( ! ,we/]n ,lo*s & ,moors1 sket*$ out ) rem>kable grace & picturesqu5ess40--,,saturday ,,review4 99,smi?499--,works by ,,alex&] ,,smi?3-- ,a ,,life ,,drama1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,poems4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,city ,,poems4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #es4 ,,edw9 ,,( ,,deira4 ,second ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #es4 8,a poem :i* is m>k$ by ! /r5g?1 su/a9$ sweetness1 & compact texture ( real life40--,,nor? ,,briti% ,,review4 99,smi?499--,,poems4 ,by ,,ca!r9e ,,b>n>d ,,smi?4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #es4 8,weal?y 9 feel+1 mean+1 f9i%1 & grace2 n )\t passion1 :i* is suppress$1 b ! ke5] = t40--,,a!n,,um4 99,smi?99 799,rev4 ,walt]9974--,,hymns ,,( ,,*ri/ ,,& ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,life4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,,walt] ,c4 ,,smi?1 ,m4,a4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #fs4 8,^! are among ! sweete/ sacr$ poems we h read = a long "t4 ,) no pr(use imag]y1 express+ a range ( feel+ & expression by no means uncommon1 !y are true & elevat$1 & _! pa?os is pr(\nd & simple40--,,noncon=mi/4 99,/rat=d de ,r$cliffe99 799,visc\nt9974--,,%ad[s ,,( ,,! ,,pa/1 9 ,v]se4 ,by ,,visc\nt ,,/rat=d ,,de ,,r$cliffe4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 8,! vigor\s words ( "o :o has act$ vigor\sly4 ,!y comb9e ! f]v\r ( politicians & poet40--,,gu>dian4 99,tr5*499--,works by ,r4 ,,*5evix ,,tr5*1 ,d4,d41 ,ar*bi%op ( ,dubl94 ,see also ,sections 8,,philosophy10 8,,!ology10 c4 ,,poems4 ,collect$ & arrang$ anew4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,elegiac ,,poems4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,cald]on',s ,,life',s ,a ,,dream3 ,! ,great ,!atre ( ! ,_w4 ,) an ,essay on 8 ,life & ,g5ius4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,h\sehold ,,book ,,( ,,engli% ,,poetry4 ,select$ & arrang$1 ) ,notes1 by ,r4 ,c4 ,,tr5*1 ,d4,d41 ,ar*bi%op ( ,dubl94 ,second ,edition4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 #es4 #f;d4 ,?is volume is call$ a 8,h\sehold ,book10 by ?is "n imply+ t x is a book = all--t !re is no?+ 9 x to prev5t x f be+ confid5tly plac$ 9 ! h&s ( e memb] ( ! h\sehold4 ,specim5s ( all classes ( poetry are giv51 includ+ selections f liv+ au?ors4 ,! ,editor has aim$ to produce a book 8:i* ! emigrant1 f9d+ room = little n absolutely necess>y1 might yet f9d room = 9 8 trunk1 & ! travell] 9 8 knapsack1 & t on "s n>r[ %elves :]e !re are few books ?is might be "o40 8,! ,ar*bi%op has conf]r$ 9 ?is delightful volume an important gift on ! :ole ,engli%-speak+ population ( ! _w40--,,pall ,,mall ,,gazette4 ,,sacr$ ,,lat9 ,,poetry1 ,*iefly ,lyrical4 ,select$ & arrang$ = ,use4 ,second ,edition1 ,correct$ & ,improv$4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #gs4 8,! aim ( ! pres5t volume is to (f] to memb]s ( our ,engli% ,*ur* a collection ( ! be/ sacr$ ,lat9 poetry1 su* z !y %all be able entirely & he>tily to accept & approve--a collection1 t is1 9 :i* !y %all n be ev]more liable to be (f5d$1 & d h ! curr5t ( _! sympa?ies *eck$1 by com+ ^u t :i*1 h[ev] beautiful z poetry1 out ( high] respects !y mu/ reject & condemn--9 :i*1 too1 !y %all n fe> t sn>es are be+ laid = !m1 to entangle !m unaw>es 9 admiration = aught :i* is inconsi/5t ) _! fai? & fealty to _! own spiritual "m40--,,preface4 99,turn]499--,,sonnets4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,,*>les ,,t5nyson ,,turn]4 ,d$icat$ to 8 bro!r1 ! ,poet ,laureate4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 8,! ,sonnets are d$icat$ to ,mr4 ,t5nyson by 8 bro!r1 & h1 indep5d5tly ( _! m]its1 an int]e/ ( association4 ,!y bo? love to write 9 simple expressive ,saxon2 bo? love to t\* _! imag]y 9 epi!ts r ?an 9 =mal similes2 bo? h a delicate p]ception ( rhy?mical movem5t1 & ?us ,mr4 ,turn] has occasional l9es :i*1 = phrase & music1 might be ascrib$ to 8 bro!r 444 ,he kn[s ! haunts ( ! wild rose1 ! %ady nooks :]e light quiv]s ?r\gh ! leaves1 ! ruralities1 9 %ort1 ( ! l& ( imag9ation40--,,a!n,,um4 ,,small ,,tableaux4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 8,^! brief poems h n only a peculi> k9d ( int]e/ = ! /ud5t ( ,engli% poetry1 b are intr9sically delightful1 & w rew>d a c>eful & frequ5t p]usal4 ,full ( navete1 piety1 love1 & k ( natural objects1 & ea* express+ a s+le & g5]ally a simple subject by means ( m9ute & orig9al pictorial t\*es1 ^! sonnets h a place ( _! own40--,,pall ,,mall ,,gazette4 99,vittoria ,colonna499--,,life ,,& ,,poems4 ,by ,,mrs4 ,,h5ry ,,roscoe4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #is4 ,! life ( ,vittoria ,colonna1 ! celebrat$ ,m>*esa di ,pesc>a1 has receiv$ b cursory notice f any ,engli% writ]1 ?\gh 9 e hi/ory ( ,italy h] "n is m5tion$ ) great hon\r among ! poets ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 8,9 ?ree hundr$ & fifty ye>s10 says h] biograph]1 ,visconti1 8!re has be5 no o!r ,italian lady :o c be comp>$ to h]40 8,x is writt5 ) good ta/e1 ) quick & intellig5t sympa?y1 occasionally ) a real fre%ness & *>m ( /yle40--,,pall ,,mall ,,gazette4 99,web/]499--,works by ,,augu/a ,,web/]3-- 8,if ,mrs4 ,web/] only rema9s true to h]self1 %e w assur$ly take a high] rank z a poet ?an any woman has yet done40--,,we/m9/] ,,review4 ,,dramatic ,,/udies4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 #es4 8,a volume z /rongly m>k$ by p]fect ta/e z by poetic p[]40--,,noncon=mi/4 ,,prome!us ,,b\nd ,,( ,,s*ylus4 ,lit]ally translat$ into ,engli% ,v]se4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 8,clos5ess & simplicity comb9$ ) lit]>y skill40--,,a!n,,um4 8,mrs4 ,web/]'s #8,dramatic ,/udies' & #8,translation ( ,prome!us' h won = h] an hon\rable place among our female poets4 ,%e writes ) rem>kable vig\r & dramatic realization1 & bids fair to be ! mo/ successful claimant ( ,mrs4 ,br[n+'s mantle40--,,briti% ,,qu>t]ly ,,review4 ,,m$ea ,,( ,,euripides4 ,lit]ally translat$ into ,engli% ,v]se4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 8,mrs4 ,web/]'s translation surpasses our utmo/ expectations4 ,x is a photograph ( ! orig9al )\t any ( t h>%ness :i* s (t5 accompanies a photograph40--,,we/m9/] ,,review4 ,a ,,woman ,,sold1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,poems4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 8,mrs4 ,web/] has %[n u t %e is able to draw admirably f ! life2 t %e c obs]ve ) subtlety1 & r5d] h] obs]vations ) delicacy2 t %e c imp]sonate complex conceptions1 & v5ture into :i* few liv+ writ]s c foll[ h]40--,,gu>dian4 ,,portraits4 ,second ,edition4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 8,mrs4 ,web/]'s poems exhibit simplicity & t5d]ness 444 h] ta/e is p]fect4444 ,?is simplicity is comb9$ ) a subtlety ( ?\ght1 feel+1 & obs]vation :i* dem& t att5tion :i* only real lov]s ( poetry are apt to be/[4444 ,if %e only rema9s true to h]self %e w mo/ assur$ly take a high] rank z a poet ?an any woman has yet done40--,,we/m9/] ,,review4 8,) ?is volume be=e u x w\ld be h>d to d5y h] ! pr\d position ( ! fir/ liv+ ,engli% poetess40--,,exam9]4 99,woodw>d99 799,b4 ,b41 ,f4,s4,a49974--,,specim5s ,,( ,,! ,,draw+s ,,( ,,t5 ,,ma/]s1 f ! ,royal ,collection at ,w9dsor ,ca/le4 ,) ,descriptive ,text by ! late ,b4 ,b4 ,,woodw>d1 ,b4,a41 ,f4,s4,a41 ,libr>ian to ! ,que51 & ,keep] ( ,pr9ts & ,draw+s4 ,illu/rat$ by ,tw5ty ,autotypes by ,,edw>ds & ,,kidd4 ,9 #dto4 h&somely b\nd1 price #bes4 ,?is volume conta9s facsimiles ( ! works ( ,mi*ael ,angelo1 ,p]ug9o1 ,raphael1 ,julio ,romano1 ,leon>do da ,v9ci1 ,giorgione1 ,paul ,v]onese1 ,p\ss91 ,alb]t ,dr]1 ,holbe91 execut$ by ! ,autotype 7,c>bon7 process1 :i* may be accept$ z1 s f>1 p]fect repres5tations ( ! orig9als4 ,9 mo/ cases "s r$uction 9 size 0 necess>y1 & !n ! dim5sions ( ! draw+ itself h be5 giv54 ,brief biographical memor&a ( ! life ( ea* ma/] are ins]t$1 solely to prev5t ! ne$ ( ref]5ce to o!r works4 99,wooln]499--,,my ,,beautiful ,,lady4 ,by ,,?omas ,,wooln]4 ,) a ,vignette by ,,ar?ur ,,hughes4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #es4 8,x is cle>ly ! product ( no idle h\r1 b a highly-conceiv$ & fai?fully-execut$ task1 self-impos$1 & prompt$ by t inw>d ye>n+ to utt] great ?\ghts1 & a weal? ( passionate feel+ :i* is poetic g5ius4 ,no man c read ?is poem )\t be+ /ruck by ! fitness & f9i% ( ! workman%ip1 s to speak1 z well z by ! *a/5$ & unpret5d+ l(t9ess ( ?\ght :i* p]vades ! :ole40--,,globe4 ,,words ,,f ,,! ,,poets4 ,select$ by ! ,editor ( 8,rays ( ,sunlight40 ,) a ,vignette & ,frontispiece4 #ahmo4 limp41 #as4 99,wyatt99 799,sir ,m4 ,digby9974--,,f9e ,,art3 a ,sket* ( its ,hi/ory1 ,!ory1 ,practice1 & application to ,indu/ry4 ,a ,c\rse ( ,lectures deliv]$ be=e ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge4 ,by ,sir ,m4 ,,digby ,,wyatt1 ,m4 ,a4 ,slade ,pr(essor ( ,f9e ,art4 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,globe ,,libr>y4 ,beautifully pr9t$ on ton$ pap] & b\nd 9 clo? elegant1 price #ds4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,9 pla9 clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,also kept 9 v>i\s /yles ( ,morocco & ,calf b9d+s4 99,,! ,,saturday ,,review says--8,! ,globe ,editions are admirable = _! s*ol>ly edit+1 _! typographical excell5ce1 _! comp5di\s =m1 & _! *eapness4099 ,"u ! title ,,globe ,,editions1 ! ,publi%]s are issu+ a uni=m ,s]ies ( ,/&>d ,engli% ,au?ors1 c>efully edit$1 cle>ly & elegantly pr9t$ on ton$ pap]1 /rongly b\nd1 & at a small co/4 ,! names ( ! ,editors :om !y h be5 =tunate en\gh to secure con/itute an indisputable gu>antee z to ! "* ( ! ,s]ies4 ,! greate/ c>e has be5 tak5 to ensure accuracy ( text2 adequate notes1 elucidat+ hi/orical1 lit]>y1 & philological po9ts1 h be5 suppli$2 &1 to ! old] ,au?ors1 gloss>ies are app5d$4 ,! s]ies is especially adapt$ to ,/ud5ts ( our national ,lit]ature2 :ile ! small price places good editions ( c]ta9 books1 hi!rto popul>ly inaccessible1 )9 ! rea* ( all4 ,! ,saturday ,review says3 8,! ,globe ,editions ( our ,engli% ,poets are admirable = _! s*ol>ly edit+1 _! typographical excell5ce1 _! comp5di\s =m1 & _! *eapness40 99,%akespe>e499--,,! ,,complete ,,works ,,( ,,william ,,%akespe>e4 ,edit$ by ,w4 ,g4 ,,cl>k & ,w4 ,,aldis ,,wright4 8,a m>vel ( beauty1 *eapness1 & compactness4 ,! :ole works--plays1 poems1 & sonnets--are conta9$ 9 "o small volume3 yet ! page is p]fectly cle> & readable4444 ,= ! busy man1 above all = ! work+ /ud5t1 ! ,globe ,edition is ! be/ ( all exi/+ ,%akespe>e books40--,,a!n,,um4 99,morte ,d',ar?ur499--,,sir ,,?omas ,,malory',s ,,book ,,( ,,k+ ,,ar?ur ,,& ,,( ,,8 ,,noble ,,knights ,,( ,,! ,,r\nd ,,table4 ,! ,edition ( ,,caxton1 revis$ = ,mod]n ,use4 ,) an ,introduction by ,,sir ,,edw>d ,,/ra*ey1 ,b>t4 8,x is ) ! mo/ p]fect confid5ce t we recomm5d ?is edition ( ! old romance to e class ( read]s40--,,pall ,,mall ,,gazette4 99,scott499--,,! ,,poetical ,,works ,,( ,,sir ,,walt] ,,scott4 ,) ,biographical ,essay by ,f4 ,t4 ,,palgrave4 ,new ,edition4 8,z a popul> edition x leaves no?+ to be desir$4 ,! want ( su* an "o has long be5 felt1 comb9+ real excell5ce ) *eapness40--,,spectator4 99,burns499--,,! ,,poetical ,,works ,,& ,,lett]s ,,( ,,rob]t ,,burns4 ,edit$1 ) ,life1 by ,,alex&] ,,smi?4 ,new ,edition4 8,! works ( ! b>d h nev] be5 (f]$ 9 su* a complete =m 9 a s+le volume40--,,glasg[ ,,daily ,,h]ald4 8,admirable 9 all respects40--,,spectator4 99,rob9son ,crusoe499--,,! ,,adv5tures ,,( ,,rob9son ,,crusoe4 ,by ,,defoe4 ,edit$1 f ! ,orig9al ,edition1 by ,j4 ,w4 ,,cl>k1 ,m4,a41 ,fell[ ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,) ,introduction by ,,h5ry ,,k+sley4 8,! ,globe ,edition ( ,rob9son ,crusoe is a book to h & to keep4 ,x is pr9t$ aft] ! orig9al editions1 ) ! qua9t old spell+1 & is publi%$ 9 admirable /yle z reg>ds type1 pap]1 & b9d+4 ,a well-writt5 & g5ial biographical introduction1 by ,mr4 ,h5ry ,k+sley1 is likewise an attractive feature ( ?is edition40--,,morn+ ,,/>4 ,goldsmi?4--,,goldsmi?',s ,,miscellane\s ,,works4 ,) ,biographical ,essay by ,pr(essor ,,masson4 ,?is edition includes ! :ole ( ,goldsmi?'s ,miscellane\s ,works--! ,vic> ( ,wakefield1 ,plays1 ,poems1 c4 ,( ! memoir ! ,,scotsman newspap] writes3 8,su* an admirable comp5dium ( ! facts ( ,goldsmi?'s life1 & s c>eful & m9ute a del9eation ( ! mix$ traits ( 8 peculi> "*1 z to be a v model ( a lit]>y biography40 99,pope499--,,! ,,poetical ,,works ,,( ,,alex&] ,,pope4 ,edit$1 ) ,memoir & ,notes1 by ,pr(essor ,,w>d4 8,! book is h&some & h&y4444 ,! notes are _m1 & ! matt] ( !m is ri* 9 int]e/40--,,a!n,,um4 99,sp5s]499--,,! ,,complete ,,works ,,( ,,edmund ,,sp5s]4 ,edit$ f ! ,orig9al ,editions & ,manuscripts1 by ,r4 ,,morris1 ,memb] ( ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,philological ,society4 ,) a ,memoir by ,j4 ,w4 ,,hales1 ,m4,a41 late ,fell[ ( ,*ri/'s ,college1 ,cambridge1 ,memb] ( ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,philological ,society4 8,a complete & cle>ly pr9t$ edition ( ! :ole works ( ,sp5s]1 c>efully collat$ ) ! orig9als1 ) copi\s gloss>y1 wor?y--& high] praise x ne$s n--( ! beautiful ,globe ,s]ies4 ,! "w is edit$ ) all ! c>e s noble a poet des]ves40--,,daily ,,news4 99,dryd5499--,,! ,,poetical ,,works ,,( ,,john ,,dryd54 ,edit$1 ) a ,revis$ ,text1 ,memoir1 & ,notes1 by ,w4 ,d4 ,,*ri/ie4 8,! "w ( ! ,editor has be5 done ) mu* fulness1 c>e1 & k2 a well-writt5 & exhau/ive memoir is prefix$1 & ! notes & text toge!r h be5 s well treat$ z to make ! volume a fitt+ companion = ^? :i* h prec$$ x--:i* is say+ n a little40--,,daily ,,telegraph4 99,c[p]499--,,! ,,poetical ,,works ,,( ,,william ,,c[p]4 ,edit$1 ) ,biographical ,introduction & ,notes1 by ,w4 ,,b5ham4 8,mr4 ,b5ham's edition ( ,c[p] is "o ( p]man5t value4 ,! biographical introduction is excell5t1 full ( in=mation1 s+ul>ly neat & readable1 & mode/--too mode/1 inde$--9 its comm5ts4 ,! notes seem concise & accurate1 & ! editor has be5 able to discov] & introduce "s hi!rto unpr9t$ matt]40--,,saturday ,,review4 99,virgil499--,,! ,,works ,,( ,,virgil ,,r5d]$ ,,into ,,engli% ,,prose1 ) ,introductions1 ,runn+ ,analysis1 & an ,index1 by ,,james ,,lonsdale1 ,m4,a41 & ,,samuel ,,lee1 ,m4,a4 ,globe #hvo4 ,! preface ( ?is new volume in=ms u t 8! orig9al has be5 fai?fully r5d]$1 & p>aphrase altoge!r avoid$4 ,at ! same "t1 ! translators h endeav\r$ to adapt ! book to ! use ( ! ,engli% read]4 ,"s am\nt ( rhy?m 9 ! /ructure ( ! s5t5ce has be5 g5]ally ma9ta9$2 &1 :5 9 ! ,lat9 ! s\nd ( ! words is an e*o to ! s5se 7z s frequ5tly happ5s 9 ,virgil71 an attempt has be5 made to produce ! same result 9 ,engli%40 ,! g5]al introduction gives u :atev] is kn[n ( ! poet's life1 an e/imate ( 8 g5ius1 an acc\nt ( ! pr9cipal editions & translations ( 8 works1 & a brief view ( ! influ5ce he has _h on mod]n poets2 special introductory essays are prefix$ to ! ,eclogues1 ,georgics1 & neid4 ,! text is divid$ into sections1 ea* ( :i* is head$ by a concise analysis ( ! subject2 ! index conta9s ref]5ces to all ! *>act]s & ev5ts ( any importance4 999999 ,o!r ,/&>d ,works are 9 ! ,press4 999999 ,! ,volumes ( ?is ,s]ies may be _h 9 a v>iety ( morocco & calf b9d+s at v mod]ate prices4 ,,macmillan',s ,,gold5 ,,treasury ,,s]ies4 ,uni=mly pr9t$ 9 #ahmo41 ) ,vignette ,titles by ,,sir ,,noel ,,paton1 ,t4 ,,wooln]1 ,w4 ,,holman ,,hunt1 ,j4 ,e4 ,,millais1 ,,ar?ur ,,hughes1 c4 ,engrav$ on ,/eel by ,,je5s4 ,b\nd 9 extra clo?1 #ds4 #f;d4 ea* volume4 ,also kept 9 morocco & calf b9d+s4 8,messrs4 ,macmillan h1 9 _! ,gold5 ,treasury ,s]ies especially1 provid$ editions ( /&>d works1 volumes ( select$ poetry1 & orig9al compositions1 :i* entitle ?is s]ies to be call$ classical4 ,no?+ c be bett] ?an ! lit]>y execution1 no?+ m elegant ?an ! mat]ial workman%ip40--,,briti% ,,qu>t]ly ,,review4 ,,! ,,gold5 ,,treasury ,,( ,,! ,,be/ ,,songs ,,& ,,lyrical ,,poems ,,9 ,,! ,,engli% ,,language4 ,select$ & arrang$1 ) ,notes1 by ,,francis ,,turn] ,,palgrave4 8,?is delightful little volume1 ! ,gold5 ,treasury1 :i* conta9s _m ( ! be/ orig9al lyrical pieces & songs 9 our language1 gr\p$ ) c>e & skill1 s z to illu/rate ea* o!r l ! pictures 9 a well-arrang$ gall]y40--,,qu>t]ly ,,review4 ,,! ,,*ildr5',s ,,g>l& ,,f ,,! ,,be/ ,,poets ,select$ & arrang$ by ,,cov5try ,,patmore4 8,x includes specim5s ( all ! great ma/]s 9 ! art ( poetry1 select$ ) ! matur$ judgm5t ( a man conc5trat$ on obta9+ insight into ! feel+s & ta/es ( *ildhood1 & desir\s to awak5 its f9e/ impulses1 to cultivate its ke5e/ s5sibilities40--,,morn+ ,,po/4 ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,praise4 ,f ! ,be/ ,engli% ,hymn ,writ]s4 ,select$ & arrang$ by ,,sir ,,r\ndell ,,palm]4 ,a ,new & ,enl>g$ ,edition4 8,all previ\s compilations ( ?is k9d mu/ und5iably = ! pres5t give place to ! ,book ( ,praise4444 ,! selection has be5 made ?r\gh\t ) s\nd judgm5t & critical ta/e4 ,! pa9s involv$ 9 ?is compilation mu/ h be5 imm5se1 embrac+1 z x does1 e writ] ( note 9 ?is special prov9ce ( ,engli% lit]ature1 & rang+ ov] ! mo/ widely div]g5t tracks ( religi\s ?\ght40--,,saturday ,,review4 ,,! ,,fairy ,,book2 ! ,be/ ,popul> ,fairy ,/ories4 ,select$ & r5d]$ anew by ! ,au?or ( 8,,john ,,halifax1 ,,g5tleman40 8,a delightful selection1 9 a delightful ext]nal =m2 full ( ! physical spl5d\r & va/ opul5ce ( prop] fairy tales40--,,spectator4 ,,! ,,ballad ,,book4 ,a ,selection ( ! ,*oice/ ,briti% ,ballads4 ,edit$ by ,,william ,,all+ham4 8,8 ta/e z a judge ( old poetry w be f\nd1 by all acqua9t$ ) ! v>i\s read+s ( old ,engli% ballads1 true en\gh to ju/ify 8 und]tak+ s critical a task40--,,saturday ,,review4 ,,! ,,je/ ,,book4 ,! ,*oice/ ,anecdotes & ,say+s4 ,select$ & arrang$ by ,,m>k ,,lemon4 8,! fulle/ & be/ je/ book t has yet appe>$40--,,saturday ,,review4 ,,bacon',s ,,essays ,,& ,,col\rs ,,( ,,good ,,& ,,evil4 ,) ,notes & ,gloss>ial ,index4 ,by ,w4 ,,aldis ,,wright1 ,m4,a4 8,! beautiful little edition ( ,bacon's ,essays1 n[ be=e u1 does cr$it to ! ta/e & s*ol>%ip ( ,mr4 ,aldis ,wright4444 ,x puts ! read] 9 possession ( all ! ess5tial lit]>y facts & *ronology necess>y = read+ ! ,essays 9 connexion ) ,bacon's life & times40--,,spectator4 8,by f> ! mo/ complete z well z ! mo/ elegant edition we possess40--,,we/m9/] ,,review4 ,,! ,,pilgrim',s ,,progress f ?is ,_w to t :i* is to come4 ,by ,,john ,,bunyan4 8,a beautiful & s*ol>ly repr9t40--,,spectator4 ,,! ,,sunday ,,book ,,( ,,poetry ,,= ,,! ,,"y4 ,select$ & arrang$ by ,c4 ,f4 ,,alex&]4 8,a well-select$ volume ( ,sacr$ ,poetry40--,,spectator4 ,a ,,book ,,( ,,gold5 ,,de$s ( all ,times & all ,c\ntries4 ,ga!r$ & n>rat$ anew4 ,by ! ,au?or ( 8,,! ,,heir ,,( ,,r$clyffe40 8444 ,to ! "y1 = :om x is especially int5d$1 z a mo/ int]e/+ collection ( ?rill+ tales well told2 & to _! eld]s1 z a useful h&book ( ref]5ce1 & a pleasant "o to take up :5 _! wi% is to :ile away a we>y half-h\r4 ,we h se5 no pretti] gift-book = a long "t40--,,a!n,,um4 ,,! ,,poetical ,,works ,,( ,,rob]t ,,burns4 ,edit$1 ) ,biographical ,memoir1 ,notes & ,gloss>y1 by ,,alex&] ,,smi?4 ,two ,vols4 8,beyond all "q ?is is ! mo/ beautiful edition ( ,burns yet out40--,,ed9burgh ,,daily ,,review4 ,,! ,,adv5tures ,,( ,,rob9son ,,crusoe4 ,edit$ f ! ,orig9al ,edition by ,j4 ,w4 ,,cl>k1 ,m4,a41 ,fell[ ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,cambridge4 8,mutilat$ & modifi$ editions ( ?is ,engli% classic are s mu* ! rule1 t a *eap & pretty copy ( x1 rigidly exact to ! orig9al1 w be a prize to _m book-buy]s40--,,exam9]4 ,,! ,,republic ,,( ,,plato4 ,,translat$ into ,,engli%1 ) ,notes by ,j4 ,,ll4 ,,davies1 ,m4,a4 & ,d4 ,j4 ,,vaughan1 ,m4,a4 8,a da9ty & *eap little edition40--,,exam9]4 ,,! ,,song ,,book4 ,words & ,tunes f ! be/ ,poets & ,musicians4 ,select$ & arrang$ by ,,john ,,hullah1 ,pr(essor ( ,vocal ,music 9 ,k+'s ,college1 ,london4 8,a *oice collection ( ! /]l+ songs ( ,engl&1 ,scotl&1 & ,irel&1 ) ! music ( ea* prefix$ to ! words4 ,h[ mu* true :olesome pleasure su* a book c diffuse1 & w diffuse1 we tru/1 ?r\gh _m ?\s& families40--,,exam9]4 ,,la ,,lyre ,,francaise4 ,select$ & arrang$1 ) ,notes1 by ,,gu/ave ,,masson1 ,fr5* ,ma/] 9 ,h>r[ ,s*ool4 ,a selection ( ! be/ ,fr5* songs & lyrical pieces4 ,,tom ,,br[n',s ,,s*ool ,,days4 ,by an ,,old ,,boy4 8,a p]fect gem ( a book4 ,! be/ & mo/ heal?y book ab\t boys = boys t ev] 0 writt540--,,illu/rat$ ,,times4 ,a ,,book ,,( ,,wor?ies4 ,ga!r$ f ! ,old ,hi/ories & writt5 anew by ! ,au?or ( 8,,! ,,heir ,,( ,,r$clyffe40 ,) ,vignette4 8,an admirable addition to an admirable s]ies40--,,we/m9/] ,,review4 ,a ,,book ,,( ,,gold5 ,,?\ghts4 ,by ,,h5ry ,,attwell1 ,knight ( ! ,ord] ( ! ,oak ,cr[n4 8,mr4 ,attwell has produc$ a book ( r>e value4444 ,happily x is small en\gh to be c>ri$ ab\t 9 ! pocket1 & ( su* a companion x w\ld be difficult to we>y40--,,pall ,,mall ,,gazette4 ,,london3 ,r4 ,,clay1 ,,sons1 ,,& ,,taylor1 ,,pr9t]s1 ,,bread ,,/reet ,,hill4