,,! ,,philosophy ,,( ,,fri$ri* ,,nietzs*e ,,by ,h4 ,l4 ,,m5ck5 ,i %all be told1 ,i suppose1 t my philosophy is com=tless--because ,i speak ! tru?2 & p pref] to believe t ev]y?+ ! ,"l made is good4 ,if y are "o su*1 g to ! prie/s1 & leave philosoph]s 9 peace6 ,ar?ur ,s*op5hau]4 ,?ird ,edition ,,bo/on ,,luce ,,& ,,company #aiac ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,?ird ,,edition ,:5 ?is attempt to summ>ize & int]pret ! pr9cipal ideas ( ,fri$ri* ,wilhelm ,nietzs*e 0 fir/ publi%$1 9 ! e>ly "p ( #aijh1 sev]al ( 8 mo/ important books 7 yet to be translat$ into ,engli% & ! exi/+ comm5t>ies 7 ei!r fragm5t>y & confus+ or frankly address$ to ! speciali/ 9 philosophy4 ,x 0 9 an ef=t to make ,nietzs*e compreh5sible to ! g5]al read]1 at sea 9 ,g]man & unfamili> ) ! te*nicalities ( ! sem9>ies1 t ! "w 0 und]tak54 ,x soon appe>$ t a consid]able public _h await$ t ef=t1 = ! fir/ edition 0 quickly exhau/$ & !re 0 an imm$iate dem& = a special edition 9 ,engl&4 ,! l>g] ,am]ican edition :i* foll[$ has s9ce gone ! way ( its pr$ecessor1 & s ! opportunity (f]s = a g5]al revision1 elim9at+ c]ta9 errors 9 ! fir/ draft & introduc+ facts & op9ions br\ght =w>d by ! publication ( ,dr4 ,osc> ,levy's admirable complete edition ( ,nietzs*e 9 ,engli% & by ! appe>ance ( sev]al new & in=mative biographical /udies1 & a l>ge numb] ( discussions & criticisms4 ,! :ole ( ! section ^u ,nietzs*e's intellectual orig9s has be5 rewritt51 z has be5 ! section on 8 critics1 & new matt] has be5 add$ to ! biographical *apt]s4 ,9 addition1 ! middle portion ( ! book has be5 c>efully revis$1 & a f9al *apt] ^u ! /udy ( ,nietzs*e1 f> m ext5sive ?an ! orig9al bibliographical note1 has be5 app5d$4 ,! effect ( ^! *anges1 x is believ$1 has be5 to increase ! usefulness ( ! book1 n only to ! read] :o w g no fur!r1 b also to ! read] :o plans to proce$ to ,nietzs*e's own writ+s & to ! argum5ts ( 8 pr9cipal critics & def5d]s4 ,t ,nietzs*e has be5 mak+ progress ( late goes )\t say+4 ,no read] ( curr5t lit]ature1 nor ev5 ( curr5t p]iodicals1 c h fail$ to notice ! increas+ pressure ( 8 ideas4 ,:5 8 "n 0 fir/ he>d 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica1 t[>d ! end ( ! n9eties1 he suff]$ mu* by ! fact t few ( 8 advocates _h be5 at any pa9s to und]/& him4 ,?us misrepres5t$1 he took on ! aspect ( an horrific intellectual hobgobl91 half ,bakn9 & half ,byron1 a sacrilegi\s & s9i/] fell[1 ! fa!r ( all ! wild] ribaldries ( ! day4 ,9 brief1 l ,ibs5 be=e him1 he _h to be> _m a burd5 t 0 n 84 ,b 9 ! c\rse ( "t ! tru? ab\t him gradually precipitat$ itself f ?is cl\d ( unord]$ en?usiasm1 & 8 pr9cipal ideas began to %[ !mselves cle>ly4 ,!n ! discov]y 0 made t ! report ( !m _h be5 f> m appall+ ?an ! sub/ance4 ,"s ( !m1 inde$1 _h already slipp$ into respectable society 9 disguise1 z ! orig9al inspirations ( less] sages1 & o!rs1 on exam9ation1 turn$ out to be q h>mless1 & ev5 com=t+4 ,! wor/ t c\ld be said ( mo/ ( !m 0 t !y /ood 9 some:at viol5t opposition to ! common platitudes1 t !y 7 a bit vocif]\s 9 d5y+ ?is planet to be ! be/ ( all possible worlds4 ,h]esy1 ( c\rse1 b fall+1 =tunately en\gh1 ^u e>s fa/ gr[+ attun$ to h]etical music4 ,! old ord] n[ _h few] to def5d x ?an 9 days gone by4 ,! feel+ t x mu/ yield to some?+ bett]1 t cont5tm5t mu/ give way to /riv+ & /ruggle1 t any *ange 0 bett] ?an no *ange at all--?is feel+ 0 abroad 9 ! _w4 ,& if ! program ( *ange t ,nietzs*e (f]$ 0 />tl+ at fir/ he>+1 x 0 at lea/ no m />tl+ ?an ! programs (f]$ by o!r re=m]s4 ,?us he got 8 day 9 c\rt at la/ & ?us he won ! s]i\s att5tion ( op5-m9d$ & reflective folk4 ,n1 ( c\rse1 t ,nietzs*e ?reat5s1 today or 9 ! ne> future1 to make a gr& conque/ ( ,*ri/5dom1 z ,paul conqu]$1 or ! unkn[n ,fa!r ( ,republics4 ,f> f x1 inde$4 ,filt]$ ?r\gh ! comic sieve ( a ,%aw or s5tim5taliz$ by a ,roosevelt1 "s ( 8 ideas %[ a consid]able popul>ity1 b 9 _! orig9al /ate !y are n likely to inflame millions4 ,broadly view$1 !y /& 9 direct opposition to e dream t soo!s ! slumb] ( mank9d 9 ! mass1 & !re=e mank9d 9 ! mass mu/ ne$s be suspici\s ( !m1 at lea/ = ye>s to come4 ,!y are pre-em95tly = ! man :o is n ( ! mass1 = ! man ^: head is lift$1 h[ev] little1 above ! common level4 ,!y ju/ify ! success ( t man1 z ,*ri/ianity ju/ifies ! failure ( ! man bel[4 ,& s !y give no promise ( w9n+ ! race 9 g5]al f its old idols1 despite ! fact t ! pull ( natural laws & ( elem5tal appetites is on _! side4 ,b inasmu* z an idea1 to make itself felt 9 ! _w1 ne$ n conv]t ! _m :o s]ve & wait b only ! few :o rule1 x mu/ be manife/ t ! ,nietzs*ean cre$1 9 ! long run1 gives promise ( ex]cis+ a v real influ5ce ^u human ?\ght4 ,r$uc$ to a s+le phrase1 x may be call$ a c\nt]bla/ to s5tim5tality--& x is precisely by break+ d[n s5tim5tality1 ) its fondness = moribund gods1 t human progress is made4 ,if ,nietzs*e _h left no o!r vital message to 8 "t1 he w\ld h at lea/ =c$ & des]v$ a he>+ = 8 w>n+ t ,*ri/ianity is a !ory = ^? :o di/ru/ & despair ( _! /r5g?1 & n = ^? :o hope & fight on4 ,to plat 8 pr9cipal ideas = ! read] puzzl$ by conflict+ reports ( !m1 to prep>e ! way = an ord]ly & pr(itable read+ ( 8 own books--su* is ! purpose ( ! pres5t volume4 ,! works ( ,nietzs*e1 z !y h be5 done into ,engli%1 fill eighte5 volumes z l>ge z ?is "o1 & ! be/ available acc\nt ( 8 life w\ld make ?ree or f\r m4 ,b x is s9c]ely to be hop$ t ! /ud5t1 once he has le>n$ ! ma9 pa?s ?r\gh ?is ext5sive c\ntry1 w proce$ to a dilig5t & ?or\gh exploration4 ,( all mod]n philosoph]s ,nietzs*e is ! lea/ dull4 ,he 0 und\bt$ly ! greate/ ,g]man prose writ] ( 8 g5]ation1 & ev5 :5 "o reads him ?r\gh ! ,engli% veil x is impossible to escape ! *>m & color ( 8 phrases & ! pyrote*nic brilliance ( 8 ?9k+4 ,,m5ck54 ,,baltimore1 ,novemb]1 #aiac4 ,,cont5ts ,,nietzs*e ,,! ,,man ,i4 ,,boyhood ,,& ,,y\? #c ,,ii4 ,,! ,,beg9n+s ,,( ,,! ,,philosoph] #af ,,iii4 ,,blaz+ ,a ,,new ,,pa? #bg ,,iv4 ,,! ,,prophet ,,( ,,! ,,sup]man #dj ,v4 ,,! ,,philosoph] ,,& ,,! ,,man #ej ,,nietzs*e ,,! ,,philosoph] ,i4 ,,dionysus vs4 ,,apollo #fc ,,ii4 ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,morality #gd ,,iii4 ,,beyond ,,good ,,& ,,evil #hh ,,iv4 ,,! ,,sup]man #ajj ,v4 ,,et]nal ,,recurr5ce #aag ,,vi4 ,,*ri/ianity #abf ,,vii4 ,,tru? #adg ,,viii4 ,,civilization #afb ,,ix4 ,,wom5 ,,& ,,m>riage #agd ,x4 ,,gov]nm5t #aib ,,xi4 ,,crime ,,& ,,puni%m5t #bjh ,,xii4 ,,education #baf ,,xiii4 ,,sundry ,,ideas #bbf ,,xiv4 ,,nietzs*e vs4 ,,wagn] #bdb ,,nietzs*e ,,! ,,prophet ,i4 ,,nietzs*e',s ,,orig9s #bee ,,ii4 ,,nietzs*e ,,& ,,8 ,,critics #bfh ,,h[ ,,to ,,/udy ,,nietzs*e #bij ,,index #big ,,nietzs*e ,,! ,,man ,,fri$ri* ,,nietzs*e ,i ,,boyhood ,,& ,,y\? ,fri$ri* ,nietzs*e 0 a prea*]'s son1 br\ght up 9 ! fe> ( ! ,"l4 ,x is ! ideal tra9+ = %am-sma%]s & free?9k]s4 ,let a boy ( al]t1 re/less intellig5ce come to e>ly manhood 9 an atmosph]e ( /rong fai?1 :]e9 d\bts are blasphemies & inquiry is a crime1 & rebellion is c]ta9 to appe> ) 8 be>d4 ,s long z 8 m9d feels itself puny beside ! ov]:elm+ pomp & circum/ance ( p>5tal au?ority1 he w rema9 docile & ev5 pi\s4 ,b s soon z he beg9s to see au?ority z some?+ ev] f9ite1 v>iable & all-too-human--:5 he beg9s to realize t 8 fa!r & 8 "m1 9 ! la/ analysis1 are m]e human be+s1 & fallible l himself--!n he w fly precipitately t[>d ! intellectual wail+ places1 to ?9k 8 own ?\ghts 9 8 own way & to wor%ip 8 own gods b5ea? ! op5 sky4 ,z a *ild ,nietzs*e 0 holy2 z a man he 0 ! symbol & embodim5t ( all unhol9ess4 ,at n9e he 0 already v]s$ 9 ! lore ( ! rev]5d doctors1 & ! pulpit1 to 8 happy "m--a prea*]'s daught] z well z a prea*]'s wife--seem$ 8 logical & l(ty goal2 at ?irty he 0 *ief among ^? :o held t all pulpits %\ld be torn d[n & fa%ion$ into bludgeons1 to beat out ! silly bra9s ( !ologians4 ,! awak5+ came to him :5 he made 8 fir/ v5ture away f ! mat]nal apron-/r+ & fireside3 :51 z a boy ( t51 he le>n$ t !re 7 _m1 _m m5 9 ! _w & t ^! m5 7 ( _m m9ds4 ,) ! cla% ( au?ority came ! end ( au?ority4 ,if ,a4 0 "r1 ,b4 0 wrong--& ,b4 _h a disquiet+ habit ( /&+ = "o's "m1 "o's gr&mo!r or ! holy prophets4 ,"h 0 ! beg9n+ ( intellig5ce 9 ! boy--! beg9n+ ( t weigh+ & *oos+ faculty :i* seems to give man at once 8 s5se ( ma/]y & 8 feel+ ( helplessness4 ,! old notion t d\bt 0 a crime crept away4 ,!re rema9$ 9 its place ! new notion t ! only real crime 9 ! _w--! only unmanly1 unspeakable & un=givable (f5se aga9/ ! race--0 unreason+ belief4 ,?us ! or?odoxy ( ! ,nietzs*e home turn$ ^u & dev\r$ itself4 ,! philosoph] ( ! sup]man 0 born on ,octob] #ae?1 #ahdd1 at ,rck51 a small t[n 9 ! ,prussian prov9ce ( ,saxony4 ,8 fa!r1 ,k>l ,ludwig ,nietzs*e1 0 a c\ntry pa/or ( ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* & a man ( em95ce 9 ! c\ntryside4 ,b he 0 m ?an a m]e rural wor?y1 ) an outlook limit$ by ! fr+e ( trees on ! horizon1 = 9 8 "t he _h se5 some?+ ( ! great _w & _h ev5 play$ 8 humble "p 9 x4 ,ye>s be=e 8 son ,fri$ri* 0 born he _h be5 tutor to ! *ildr5 ( ! ,duke ( ,alt5burg4 ,! duke 0 fond ( him & took him1 n[ & !n1 on memorable & ev5tful j\rneys to ,b]l91 :]e t turbul5t mon>*1 ,k+ ,fri$ri* ,wilhelm ,,iv1 kept a t9sel c\rt & made fa/ progress f imbecility to acute dem5tia4 ,! k+ met ! "y tutor & f\nd him a clev] & agreeable p]son1 ) excell5t op9ions reg>d+ all ^? ?+s :]eon mon>*s are wont to diff] ) mobs4 ,:5 ! *ildr5 ( ! duke became suffici5tly saturat$ ) le>n+1 ! "w ( ,pa/or ,nietzs*e at ,alt5burg 0 done & he j\rney$ to ,b]l9 to face we>y days 9 ! ant]ooms ( ecclesia/ical magnates & jobb]s ( places4 ,! k+1 he>+ by *ance ( 8 pres5ce & rememb]+ him pleasantly1 ord]$ t he be giv5 )\t delay a vic>age wor?y ( 8 tal5ts4 ,s he 0 s5t to ,rck51 & !re1 :5 a son 0 born to him1 he call$ ! boy ,fri$ri* ,wilhelm1 z a graceful complim5t to 8 royal patron & admir]4 ,!re 7 two o!r *ildr5 9 ! h\se4 ,"o 0 a boy1 ,josef1 :o 0 nam$ aft] ! ,duke ( ,alt5burg1 & di$ 9 infancy 9 #ahej4 ,! o!r 0 a girl1 ,!rese ,elisabe? ,alex&ra1 :o became 9 aft] ye>s h] bro!r's h\sekeep]1 gu>dian angel & biograph]4 ,h] ?ree names 7 ^? ( ! ?ree noble *ildr5 h] fa!r _h gr\nd$ 9 ! humanities4 ,elisabe?--:o m>ri$ t[>d middle age & is be/ kn[n z ,frau ,fr/]-,nietzs*e--tells u practically all t we "k ab\t ! ,nietzs*e family & ! private life ( its di/+ui%$ son4#a ,! clan came out ( ,pol&1 l s _m o!r families ( ,ea/]n ,g]many1 at ! "t ( ! sad1 va9 w>s4 ,leg5d ma9ta9s t x 0 noble 9 its day & ,nietzs*e himself lik$ to ?9k s4 ,! "n1 says ,elisabe?1 0 orig9ally ,nietzs*y4 ,g]many is a great nation1 ,nietzs*e w\ld say1 only because its p h s mu* ,poli% blood 9 _! ve9s4444 ,i am pr\d ( my ,poli% desc5t4 ,i rememb] t 9 =m] times a ,poli% noble1 by 8 simple veto1 c\ld ov]turn ! resolution ( a popul> assembly4 ,!re 7 giants 9 ,pol& 9 ! "t ( my =efa!rs4 ,he wrote a tract ) ! ,fr5* title ,l',orig9e de la famille de ,nietzs*e & pres5t$ ! manuscript to 8 si/]1 z a docum5t to be treasur$ & held sacr$4 ,%e tells u t he 0 fond ( ma9ta9+ t ! ,nietzs*es _h suff]$ greatly & fall5 f va/ gr&eur = _! op9ions1 religi\s & political4 ,he _h no pro( ( ?is1 b x pleas$ him to ?9k s4 ,pa/or ,nietzs*e 0 ?r[n f 8 horse 9 #ahdh & di$1 aft] a l+]+ illness1 on ,july #bh?1 #ahdi1 :5 ,fri$ri* 0 b>ely five ye>s old4 ,frau ,nietzs*e !n mov$ h] little family to ,naumburg-on-!-,saale--a ,*ri/ian1 cons]vative1 loyal city4 ,! h\sehold consi/$ ( ! "m1 ! two *ildr51 _! pat]nal gr&mo!r & two maid5 aunts--! si/]s ( ! dead pa/or4 ,! gr&mo!r 0 some?+ ( a blue/ock+ & _h be51 9 h] day1 a memb] ( t que] circle ( intellectuals & amateurs :i* rag$ & ro>$ ar\nd ,goe! at ,weim>4 ,b t 0 9 ! long ago1 be=e %e dream$ ( becom+ ! wife ( "o prea*] & ! "m ( ano!r4 ,9 ! ye> '#ej %e 0 well ( all su* y\?ful fancies & !re 0 no d\bt ( ! div9e revelations b5ea? h] pi\s ro(4 ,pray]s began ! day & end$ ! day4 ,x 0 a h\se ( holy wom51 ) some?+ ( a conv5t's placidity & quiet exaltation4 ,little ,fri$ri* 0 ! idol 9 ! %r9e4 ,x 0 ! hope ( all t he w\ld gr[ up into a man inimitably noble & impossibly good4 ,pamp]$ ?us1 ! boy %rank f ! t\* ( ! _w's r\gh h&4 ,8 si/] tells u t he dislik$ ! bad little boys ( ! neighborhood1 :o robb$ bird's ne/s1 raid$ or*>ds & play$ at soldi]s4 ,!re appe>$ 9 him a qua9t fa/idi\sness :i* w5t c\nt] to ! de>e/ ideals ( ! heal?y "y male4 ,8 s*ool fell[s1 9 d]ision1 call$ him ! little pa/or & took delight 9 waylay+ him & v5t+ ^u him _! grotesque & b>b>\s humor4 ,he lik$ fl[]s & books & music & :5 he w5t abroad x 0 = solit>y walks4 ,he c\ld recite & s+ & he knew ! ,bible s well t he 0 able to dispute ab\t its my/]ies4 ,z ,i ?9k ( him1 said an old s*ool-mate ye>s aft]w>d1 ,i am =c$ irresi/ibly into a ?\ght ( ! #ab-ye>-old ,jesus 9 ! ,temple4 ,! s]i\s introspective *ild1 ) 8 dignifi$ polit5ess1 says 8 si/]1 seem$ s /range to o!r boys t fri5dly advances f ei!r side 7 out ( ! "q4 ,!re is a picture ( ! boy 9 all ! glory ( 8 fir/ long-tail$ coat4 ,8 tr\s]s /op above 8 %oe-tops1 8 hair is long & 8 legs seem m]e airy filam5ts4 ,z "o gazes ^u ! lik5ess "o c almo/ smell ! soap t sc\r$ t high1 %9y br[ & ^? ?91 :ite *eeks4 ,! race ( su* s]aphic boys has di$ out 9 ! _w4 ,gone are _! slick1 pla/]$ locks & _! transluc5t e>s6 ,gone are _! ruffl$ cuffs & _! sp\t+ ( ! gold5 text6 ,nietzs*e wrote v]ses be=e he 0 t53 pi\s1 pla9tive v]ses t scann$ well & %[$ rhymes & metaphors made respectable by ages ( honorable employm5t4 ,8 maid5 ef=t1 s f> z we "k1 0 an elegy entitl$ ,! ,grave ( ,my ,fa!r4 ,lat] on he became aw>e ( mat]ial ?+s & sang ! praises ( rose & sunset4 ,he play$ ! piano1 too1 & knew 8 ,bee?ov5 well1 f ! sn>es = ! left h& 9 ,fr ,elise to ! rag+ tumults ( ! ,c m9or symphony4 ,"o ,sunday--x 0 ,asc5sion day--he w5t to ! village *ur* & he>d ! *oir s+ ! ,hallelujah ,*orus f ,! ,messiah4 ,"h 0 music t b5umb$ ! s5ses & soo!d ! s\l &1 boy z he 01 he felt its supreme beauty4 ,t night he cov]$ pages ( rul$ pap] ) impossible pot-hooks4 ,he1 too1 w\ld write music6 ,lat] on ! difficulties ( ?or\gh-bass1 z x 0 taught 9 ! abysmal ,g]man text-books ( ! "t1 some:at damp5$ 8 ardor1 b m ?an once dur+ 8 y\? he ?\ght s]i\sly ( becom+ a musician4 ,8 fir/ really ambiti\s composition 0 a piano pice call$ ,monds*e9 auf d] ,pus/a--,moonlight on ! ,pus/a--! pus/a be+ ! flat ,bohemian prairie4 ,! family circle 0 delight$ ) ?is maid5 opus1 & we may conjure up a picture ( little ,fri$ri* play+ x ( a quiet ev5+ at home1 :ile "m1 gr&mo!r1 si/] & aunts ga!r$ r\nd & m>vell$ at 8 g5ius4 ,9 lat] life he wrote songs & sonatas1 &--if an enemy is to be believ$--an op]a 9 ! gr& mann]4 ,8 si/]1 9 h] biography1 pr9ts "s samples ( 8 music4 ,c&or compels ! admission t x is ev5 worse ?an x s\nds4 ,nietzs*e1 at ?is "t1 /ill seem$ l piety on a monum5t1 b z mu* z he rev]$ 8 eld]s & z mu* z he reli$ ^u _! infallibility1 !re 7 yet problems :i* assail$ him & gave him disquiet4 ,:5 he did n walk & ?9k alone1 8 si/] 0 8 companion1 & to h] he op5$ 8 he>t1 z "o might to a sexless1 imp]sonal confessor4 ,9 h] pres5ce1 inde$1 he really ?\ght al\d1 & ?is rema9$ 8 habit until ! end ( 8 life4 ,8 m9d1 awak5+1 w&]$ beyond ! little _w h$g$ ab\t by dot+ & complac5t wom54 ,until he ent]$ ! gymnasium--t great weigh+ place ( ,g]man bra9s--he %rank f op5 revolt1 & ev5 f ! ?\ght ( x1 b he c\ld n help dwell+ ^u ! my/]ies t rose be=e him4 ,!re 7 ?+s ^u :i* ! scriptures1 se>* !m z he might1 seem$ to ?r[ no light1 & ( :i* mo!rs & gr&mo!rs & maid5 aunts did n disc\rse4 ,"o day1 says ,elisabe?1 :5 he 0 yet v "y1 he said to me3 ',y mu/n't expect me to believe ^? silly /ories ab\t /orks br++ babies4 ,man is a mammal & a mammal mu/ get 8 own *ildr5 = himself4' ,e *ild1 p]haps1 pond]s su* problems1 b 9 ! va/ majority k mu/ wait until x may ent] =tuit\sly & f )\t4 ,nietzs*e did n belong to ! majority4 ,to him ideas 7 ev] ?+s to be s\ght out eag]ly1 to be weigh$ calmly1 to be tri$ 9 ! fire4 ,= weal or = woe1 ! corn]/ones ( 8 fai? 7 br\ght =?1 ) sweat & pa91 f ! qu>ry ( 8 own m9d4 ,nietzs*e w5t to v>i\s village s*ools--public & private--until he 0 t51 dutifully trudg+ away ea* morn+ ) knapsack & lun*-basket4 ,he kiss$ 8 "m at ! gate :5 he dep>t$ & %e 0 wait+ = him1 ) ano!r kiss1 :5 he return$4 ,z happ9ess goes1 8 0 probably a happy *ildhood4 ,! fi]ce joy ( boyi% combat--( fight+1 ( robb+1 ( slay+--0 nev] 81 b to a *ild s a?ir/ = k1 ea* fre% discov]y--ab\t ! say+s ( ,lu!r1 ! lions ( ,africa1 ! prop]ties ( an inv]t$ fraction--mu/ h br\ght its ?rill4 ,b z he came to ! la/ ye> ( 8 fir/ decade1 unansw]able que/ions br\ght _! discont5t & disquiet--z !y d to all ( u4 ,!re is a feel+ ( oppression & poignant pa9 9 fac+ problems t defy solution & facts t refuse to fit into ord]$ *a9s4 ,x is only :5 ma/]y foll[s t ! f9e /imulation ( consci\s effici5cy dr[ns out all moody vapors4 ,:5 ,nietzs*e w5t to ! gymnasium 8 :ole _w 0 ov]turn$4 ,"h boys 7 no long] mute & holl[ vessels1 to be /uff$ ) pr$ige/$ le>n+1 b human be+s ^: approa* to sep>ate entity 0 recogniz$4 ,x 0 possible to ask que/ions & to argue moot po9ts1 & tea*+ became less ! adm9i/ration ( a necess>y m$ic9e & m ! %>+ ( a delightful meal4 ,y\r ,g]man s*ool-ma/] is commonly a m>t9et1 & 8 bir* is nev] idle1 b he has ! sav+ grace ( lov+ 8 trade & ( readily recogniz+ true dilig5ce 9 8 pupils4 ,hi/ory does n record ! "n ( ! p$agogue :o taught ,nietzs*e at ! ,naumburg gymnasium1 b he mu/ h be5 "o :o ill des]v$ 8 oblivion4 ,he f$ ! eag]1 inquir+ m9d ( 8 little /ud5t & made a new boy ( him4 ,! old unheal?y1 uncanny embodim5t ( a fond h\sehold's impossible dreams became m likeable & m human4 ,8 exclusiv5ess & fa/idi\sness 7 native & in]adicable1 p]haps1 = !y rema9$ ) him1 9 "s degree1 8 :ole life long1 b 8 ?ir/ = k & ye>n+ = disputation soon l$ him to ! discov]y t !re 7 o!r boys wor? cultivat+3 o!r boys ^: ?\ghts1 l 8 own1 rose above misdemeanor & horse-play4 ,) two su* he =m$ a quick fri5d%ip1 & !y 7 de/9$ to influ5ce him greatly to ! end ( 8 y\?4 ,!y organiz$ a club = mutual culture1 gave x ! sonor\s "n ( ,d] litt]>is*5 ,v]e9igung ,g]mania 7,! ,g]man ,lit]>y ,association7 & drew up an elaborate s*eme ( /udy4 ,once a week !re 0 a meet+1 at :i* ea* ( ! ?ree submitt$ an essay or a musical composition to ! critical scrut9y ( ! o!rs4 ,!y wad$ out into ! deep wat]4 ,"o week !y discuss$ ,! ,infancy ( ,nations1 & aft] t1 ,! ,dmonic ,elem5t 9 ,music1 ,napoleon ,,iii & ,fatalism 9 ,hi/ory4 ,despite its praisewor?y e>ne/ness1 ?is program causes a smile--& s does ! trans=mation ( ! retir+ & well-scrubb$ little ,nietzs*e we h be5 obs]v+ into ! long1 gaunt ,nietzs*e ( #ad1 ) a ye>n+ = ! companion%ip ( 8 fell[s1 & a voice beg9n+ to gr[ comically h>% & deep1 & a m9d a:irl ) unutt]able ?+s4 ,nietzs*e 0 a brilliant & spectacul> pupil & soon won a s*ol>%ip at ,p=ta1 a fam\s & anci5t prep>atory academy n f> away4 ,p=ta1 9 ^? days1 0 ( a dignity comp>able to ,eton's or ,h>r['s4 ,x 0 a great s*ool1 b tradition ov]p[]$ x4 ,viol5t combats betwe5 amateur sages 7 n enc\rag$3 x 0 a place = g5tlem5 to acquire ,euclid & ! languages 9 a dec5t1 g5tlemanly way1 & n an ar5a = gawky c\ntry philosoph]s to prance ab\t 94 ,b ,nietzs*e1 by ?is "t1 _h already become a frank rebel & delight$ 9 elaborat+ & controv]t+ ! doctr9es ( ! le>n$ doctors4 ,he drew up a s]ies ( epigrams "u ! head ( ,ide5 & ?\ght s well ( !m t he s5t !m home1 to a/oni% & al>m 8 "m4 ,"s ( !m exhibit$ a q rem>kable faculty = pi?y utt]ance--z1 = example1 ,w> begets pov]ty & pov]ty begets peace--:ile o!rs 7 m]ely opaque r5d]+s ( ?\ghts half =m$4 ,he began to believe 9 8 own m5tal cunn+1 ) a s9c]ity :i* nev] left him1 &1 z a triumphant pro( ( x1 he drew up a s]ies ( syllogisms design$ to make homesickness )] & die4 ,?us he wre/l$ ) life's problems z 8 boy's eyes saw !m4 ,all ?is 0 good tra9+ = ! philosoph]1 b to ! ,p=ta pr(essors x gave disquiet4 ,nietzs*e became a bit too sure ( himself & a bit too arrogant = discipl9e4 ,x seem$ to him a wa/e ( "t to wre/le ) ! /udies t e oafi% b>on's son & future gu>dsman s\ght to ma/]4 ,he neglect$ ma!matics & gave himself up to ! hair-splitt+ ( ! ,eleatics & ! ,py?agoreans1 ! ,sophi/s & ! ,skeptics4 ,he pron\nc$ 8 high curse & ana!ma ^u geography & w\ld h none ( x4 ,! result 0 t :5 he w5t up = f9al exam9ation he wri!d & fl\nd]$ mis]ably & came )9 an ace ( be+ set d[n = fur!r & m dilig5t labor ) 8 books4 ,only 8 rem>kable ma/]y ( ! ,g]man language & 8 va/ k ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e--a legacy f 8 pi\s *ildhood--sav$ him4 ,! old ,nietzs*e--! %r9k+ "m's d>l+ ( ,naumburg--0 n[ b a memory4 ,! ,nietzs*e t w5t up to ,bonn 0 a "y man ) a t\* ( cynicism & "o n a little dispos$ to pit 8 sne] aga9/ ! jurisprud5ce ( ! _w3 a "y man ) a swagg]1 a budd+ m\/a*e & a head full ( viol5tly novel ideas ab\t ev]y?+ "u ! sun4 ,nietzs*e ent]$ ,bonn 9 ,octob]1 #ahfd1 :5 he 0 j #bj ye>s old4 ,he 0 enroll$ z a /ud5t ( philology & !ology1 b ! latt] 0 a m]e concession to family fai? & tradition1 made grudg+ly1 & aft] ! fir/ seme/]1 ! rev]5d doctors ( exegetics knew him no m4 ,at ! />t he ?\ght ! univ]sity a delightful place & its p *>m+4 ,! classrooms & be] g>d5s 7 full ( "y ,g]mans l himself1 :o debat$ ! do+s ( ,bism>ck1 compos$ eulogies ( ,d>w91 sang ,rabelaisian songs 9 bad ,lat91 kept dogs1 wore ribbons on _! walk+ /icks1 f\ght duels1 & drank unlimit$ /e9s ( pale be]4 ,9 ! y\? ( e man !re comes ov] him a sudd5 ye>n+ to be a good fell[3 to be ,bill or ,jim to multitudes1 & to g d[n into leg5d ) ,sir ,john ,fal/aff & ,tom ,jones4 ,?is melan*oly madness seiz$ ^u ,nietzs*e dur+ 8 fir/ ye> at ,bonn4 ,he frequ5t$ ! !atres & pos$ z a connoisseur ( op]a b\ffe1 malt liquor & ! female =m div9e4 ,he w5t ^u /ud5ts' walk+ t\rs & c>v$ 8 "n ^u ! mutilat$ tables ( c\ntry inns4 ,he jo9$ a /ud5t corps1 b\ght him a little cap & set up %op z a devil ( a fell[4 ,8 "m 0 n poor1 b %e c\ld n af=d ! outlays t ^! ambiti\s ent]prises requir$4 ,fri$ri* ov]drew 8 all[ance & ! good woman1 no d\bt1 wept ab\t x1 z mo!rs w1 & wond]$ t le>n+ came s de>4 ,b ! inevitable reaction foll[$4 ,nietzs*e 0 n design$ by nature = a h]o ( pot-h\ses & duell+ %$s4 ,! old fa/idi\sness ass]t$ itself--t que]1 unheal?y fa/idi\sness :i*1 9 8 *ildhood1 _h set him ap>t f o!r boys1 & 0 de/9$1 all 8 life long1 to make him %r9k f too intimate contact ) 8 fell[-m54 ,! t\* ( ! cr[d disgu/$ him3 he _h an almo/ insane fe> ( demean+ himself4 ,all ( ?is feel+ _h be5 obscur$ = a:ile1 by ! /range *>m ( new delights & new companions1 b 9 ! end1 ! gloomy sp9n] ( fancies triumph$ ov] ! univ]sity buck4 ,nietzs*e resign$ f 8 /ud5t corps1 burn$ 8 walk+ /icks1 =eswore smok+ & roi/]+1 & bade f>ewell to ,johann ,/rauss & ,(f5ba* =ev]4 ,! days ( 8 y\?--( 8 c>efree1 m]ry gambol+--7 ov]4 ,h]eaft] he 0 all solemnity & all s]i\sness4 ,f ^! e>ly exp]i5ces1 says 8 si/]1 !re rema9$ ) him a life-long av]sion to smok+1 be]-dr9k+ & ! :ole bi]gem?li*keit4 ,he ma9ta9$ t p :o drank be] & smok$ pipes 7 absolutely incapable ( und]/&+ him4 ,su* p1 he ?\ght1 lack$ ! delicacy & cle>ness ( p]ception necess>y to grasp pr(\nd & subtle problems4 #a ,das ,leb5 ,fri$ri* ,nietzs*e's1 #c vols4 ,leipsic1 #ahie-g-i4 ,,ii ,,! ,,beg9n+s ,,( ,,! ,,philosoph] ,at ,bonn ,nietzs*e became a /ud5t ( ,rits*l1 ! fam\s philologi/1#a & :5 ,rits*l left ,bonn = ,leipsic1 ,nietzs*e foll[$ him4 ,all traces ( ! good fell[ _h disappe>$ & ! /ud5t t rema9$ 0 n unlike ^? sophomores ( m$ieval ,t\l\se :o rose f b$ at #d o'clock1 & hav+ pray$ to ,god1 w5t at #e o'clock to _! /udies1 _! big books "u _! arms1 _! inkhorns & c&les 9 _! h&s4 ,betwe5 tea*] & pupil !re grew up a bond ( /rong fri5d%ip4 ,nietzs*e 0 tak51 too1 "u ! w+ ( mo!rly old ,frau ,rits*l1 :o invit$ him to h] aft]noons ( c(fee & c9namon cake & to h] ev5+ soires1 :]e he met ! great m5 ( ! univ]sity _w & ! em95t /rang]s :o came & w5t4 ,to ,rits*l ! future philosoph] ow$ _m ?+s1 inde$1 includ+ 8 s\nd k ( ! anci5ts1 8 fir/ 7& la/7 univ]sity appo9tm5t & 8 meet+ ) ,ri*>d ,wagn]4 ,nietzs*e always look$ back ^u ^! days ) pleasure & !re 0 ev] a w>m spot 9 8 he>t = ! k9dly old pr(essor :o l$ him up to grace4 ,two ye>s or m 7 ?us sp5t1 & !n1 9 ! latt] "p ( #ahfg1 ,nietzs*e began 8 t]m ( compulsory milit>y s]vice 9 ! f\r? regim5t ( ,prussian field artill]y4 ,he _h hop$ to escape because he 0 ne>-sight$ & ! only son ( a wid[1 b a wat*ful ob]/-lieut5ant f\nd loopholes 9 ! law & s ensn>$ him4 ,he seems to h be5 "s sort ( (fic]1 = a photograph ( ! p]iod %[s him ) epaulets & a sword4 ,b lieut5ant or s]geant1 soldi]+ 0 sc>cely 8 =te1 & he cut a sorry figure on a horse4 ,aft] a few mon?s ( unwill+ s]vice1 9 fact1 he _h a rid+ accid5t & came ne> dy+ z 8 fa!r _h di$ be=e him4 ,z x 0 he wr5*$ 8 brea/ muscles s badly t he 0 condemn$ by a m$ical survey & dis*>g$ f ! army4 ,dur+ 8 long convalesc5ce he busi$ himself ) philological /udies & began 8 fir/ s]i\s pr(essional "w--essays on ! ,!ogony ( ,hesiod1 ! s\rces ( ,diog5es ,lartius & ! et]nal /rife betwe5 ,hesiod & ,hom]4 ,he also made an index to an elaborate collection ( ,g]man hi/orical fragm5ts & p]=m$ odd tasks ( l sort = v>i\s pr(essors4 ,9 ,octob]1 #ahfh1 he return$ to ,leipsic--n z an und]graduate1 b z a special /ud5t4 ,?is *ange 0 advantage\s1 = x gave him great] fre$om ( action & protect$ him f t /ud5t bonhomie he _h le>n$ to despise4 ,aga9 old ,rits*l 0 8 tea*] & fri5d & aga9 ,frau ,rits*l welcom$ him to h] salon & gave him ( h] good c\nsel & h] excell5t c(fee4 ,mean:ile !re _h occurr$ some?+ t 0 de/9$ to direct & color ! :ole /ream ( 8 life4 ,?is 0 8 discov]y ( ,ar?ur ,s*op5hau]4 ,9 ! #fj's1 x w\ld appe>1 ! great pessimi/ 0 /ill sc>cely m ?an a "n 9 ! ,g]man univ]sities1 :i*1 = all _! lat] het]odoxy1 clung long to _! anci5t fir/ causes4 ,nietzs*e knew no?+ ( him1 & 9 ! sem9>ies ( ,leipsic n a s\l ma9ta9$ him4 ,( ,kant & ( ,hegel !re 0 talk unlimit$1 & ( ,lotze & ,fi*te !re 7 riot\s disputations t ro>$ & rag$ ab\t ! class-room ( ,fe*n]1 !n ! univ]sity pr(essor ( philosophy4 ,b ( ,s*op5hau] no?+ 0 he>d1 & s1 :5 ,nietzs*e1 rambl+ ?r\gh an old ,leipsic book%op1 happ5$ ^u a second-h& copy ( ,die ,welt als ,wille und ,vor/ellung#b a new _w came float+ into 8 view4 ,?is 0 9 #ahfe4 ,i took ! book to my lodg+s1 he said ye>s aft]w>d1 & flung myself on a s(a & read & read & read4 ,x seem$ z if ,s*op5hau] 7 address+ me p]sonally4 ,i felt 8 en?usiasm & seem$ to see him be=e me4 ,e l9e cri$ al\d = r5unciation1 d5ial1 resignation6 ,s mu* = ! fir/ flu% ( ! ec/asy ( discov]y4 ,t ,nietzs*e entirely agre$ ) ev]y?+ 9 ! book1 ev5 9 8 wilde/ transports ( admiration1 is r d\btful4 ,he 0 b #ba--! age ( great passions & great romance--& he 0 a?ir/ = "s writ+ t w\ld solve ! problems left unansw]$ by ! accept$ sages1 b x is probable t :5 he %\t$ ! ,s*op5hau] manife/o l\de/ he read into ! text wild v>iations ( 8 own4 ,! premises ( ! pessimi/ gave cr$it & ord] to ?\ghts t _h be5 ris+ up 9 8 own m9d2 b ! conclusions1 if he subscrib$ to !m at all1 l$ him f> afield4 ,no d\bt he 0 l "o ( ^? fanta/ic messiahs ( new cults :o se>* ! scriptures = te/imony--& f9d x4 ,late 9 life1 :5 he 0 accus$ ( inconsi/5cy 9 fir/ deify+ ,s*op5hau] & !n damn+ him1 he made ?is def5se1 & despite ! d]isive sne]s ( 8 enemies1 x seem$ a fairly good "o4 ,s*op5hau]'s argum5t1 to put x briefly1 0 t ! w to exi/--! prim>y in/9ct ( life--0 ! et]nal fir/ cause ( all human actions1 motives & ideas4 ,! old philosoph]s ( ,*ri/5dom _h reg>d$ intellig5ce z ! sup]ior ( in/9ct4 ,"s ( !m ?\ght t an intellig5t god rul$ ! univ]se & t no?+ happ5$ )\t 8 k & desire4 ,o!rs believ$ t man 0 a free ag5t1 t :atev] he did 0 ! result ( 8 own ?\ght & *oice1 & t x 0 "r1 9 consequ5ce1 to condemn him to hell = 8 s9s & to exalt him to heav5 = any goodness he might *ance to %[4 ,s*op5hau] turn$ all ?is completely ab\t4 ,intellig5ce1 he said1 0 n ! s\rce ( w1 b its effect4 ,:5 life fir/ appe>$ ^u e>?1 x _h b "o aim & object3 t ( p]petuat+ itself4 ,?is in/9ct1 he said1 0 /ill at ! bottom ( e function ( all liv+ be+s4 ,intellig5ce grew out ( ! fact t mank9d1 9 ! c\rse ( ages1 began to notice t c]ta9 manife/ations ( ! w to live 7 foll[$ by c]ta9 inv>iable results4 ,?is capacity ( p]ceiv+ 0 foll[$ by a capacity = rememb]+1 :i* 9 turn produc$ a capacity = anticipat+4 ,an intellig5t man1 said ,s*op5hau]1 0 m]ely "o :o rememb]$ s _m facts 7! result ei!r ( p]sonal exp]i5ce or ( ! transmitt$ exp]i5ce ( o!rs7 t he c\ld sep>ate !m into gr\ps & obs]ve _! relation%ip1 "o to ! o!r1 & haz>d a close guess z to _! future effects3 i4e4 c\ld reason ab\t !m4 ,go+ fur!r1 ,s*op5hau] po9t$ out t ?is w to exi/1 ?is in/9ct to pres]ve & protect life1 ?is old ,adam1 0 to blame = ! unpleasant ?+s ( life z well z = ! good ?+s--t x produc$ av>ice1 hatr$ & murd] j z well z indu/ry1 res\rcefulness & c\rage--t x l$ m5 to seek means ( kill+ "o ano!r z well z means ( till+ ! e>? & procur+ food & raim5t4 ,he %[$1 yet fur!r1 t its bad effects 7 a great deal m num]\s ?an its good effects & s acc\nt$ = ! fact--:i* _m m5 be=e him _h obs]v$--t life1 at be/1 held m ( sorr[ ?an ( joy4#c ,! w-to-live1 argu$ ,s*op5hau]1 0 responsible = all ?is4 ,pa91 he believ$1 w\ld always outweigh pleasure 9 ?is sad old _w until m5 ceas$ to want to live--until no "o desir$ food or dr9k or h\se or wife or money4 ,to put x m briefly1 he held t true happ9ess w\ld be impossible until mank9d _h kill$ w ) w1 :i* is to say1 until ! w-to-live 0 will$ out ( exi/5ce4 ,!re=e ! happie/ man 0 ! "o :o _h come ne>e/ ?is end--! man :o _h kill$ all ! m obvi\s human desires1 hopes & aspirations--! solit>y ascetic--! monk 9 8 cell--! so>+1 />v+ poet--! cl\d-en%r\d$ philosoph]4 ,nietzs*e v soon div]g$ f ?is conclusion4 ,he believ$1 ) ,s*op5hau]1 t human life1 at be/1 0 (t5 an infliction & a torture1 b 9 8 v fir/ book he %[$ t he admir$1 n ! ascetic :o tri$ to escape f ! we> & te> ( life altoge!r1 b ! pr\d1 /iff-neck$ h]o :o held 8 balance 9 ! face ( bo? s$uctive pleasure & /agg]+ pa92 :o cultivat$ )9 himself a sublime indiff]5ce1 s t happ9ess & mis]y1 to him1 became m]e words1 & no cata/rophe1 human or sup]human1 c\ld affright or daunt him4#d ,x is obvi\s t !re is a consid]able diff]5ce betwe5 ^! ideas1 = all _! simil>ity 9 orig9 & = all ,nietzs*e's y\?ful wor%ip ( ,s*op5hau]4 ,nietzs*e1 9 fact1 0 s enam\r$ by ! hone/y & orig9ality ( :at may be call$ ! data ( ,s*op5hau]'s philosophy t he took ! philosophy itself r on tru/ & did n beg9 to inquire into x closely or to comp>e x c>efully ) 8 own ideas until aft] he _h committ$ himself 9 a mo/ emb>rass+ fa%ion4 ,! same ph5om5a is no curiosity 9 religion1 sci5ce or politics4 ,be=e a realization ( ^! diff]5ces q dawn$ ^u ,nietzs*e he 0 busi$ ) o!r affairs4 ,9 #ahfi1 :5 he 0 b>ely #be1 he 0 appo9t$1 ^u ,rits*l's recomm5dation1 to ! *air ( classical philology at ! ,univ]sity ( ,basel1 9 ,switz]l&1 an anci5t /ronghold ( ,lu!ran !ology4 ,he _h no degree1 b ! ,univ]sity ( ,leipsic promptly made him a doctor ( philosophy1 )\t !sis or exam9ation1 & on ,april #ac? he left ! old home at ,naumburg to assume 8 duties4 ,?us pass$ t pi\s h\sehold4 ,! gr&mo!r _h di$ long be=e--9 #ahef--;& "o ( ! maid5 aunts _h prec$$ h] to ! grave by a ye>4 ,! o!r1 long ill1 _h foll[$ 9 #ahfg4 ,b ,nietzs*e's "m liv$ until #ahig1 ?\gh gradually e/rang$ f him by 8 op9ions1 & 8 si/]1 z we "k1 surviv$ him4 ,nietzs*e 0 (ficially pr(essor ( philology1 b he also became tea*] ( ,greek 9 ! p$agogium atta*$ to ! ,univ]sity4 ,he work$ l a ,trojan & mix$ ,s*op5hau] & ,hesiod 9 8 class-room disc\rses ^u ! orig9 ( ,greek v]bs & o!r su* dull subjects4 ,b x is n record$ t he made a v pr(\nd impression1 except ^u a relatively small circle4 ,8 le>n+ 0 abysmal1 b he 0 f> too impati5t & unsympa!tic to be a good tea*]4 ,8 classes1 9 fact1 7 nev] l>ge1 except 9 ! p$agogium4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 may h be5 p>tly due to ! fact t 9 #ahfi1 z 9 lat] ye>s1 !re 7 comp>atively few p]sons impractical en\gh to sp5d _! days & nights 9 ! /udy ( philology4 ,9 #ahgj came ! ,franco-,prussian w> & ,nietzs*e decid$ to g to ! front4 ,despite 8 hatr$ ( all ! cant ( *eap patriotism & 8 pi\s ?ankfulness t he 0 a ,pole & n a ,g]man1 he 0 at bottom a good citiz5 & p]fectly will+ to suff] & ble$ = 8 c\ntry4 ,b unluckily he _h tak5 out ,swiss naturalization pap]s 9 ord] to be able to accept 8 appo9tm5t at ,basel1 & s1 z ! subject ( a neutral /ate1 he _h to g to ! w>1 n z a w>rior1 b z a hospital /ew>d4 ,ev5 z x 01 ,nietzs*e came ne> giv+ 8 life to ,g]many4 ,he 0 n /rong physically--he _h suff]$ f sev]e heada*es z f> back z #ahfb--;& 8 h>d "w at ,basel _h fur!r weak5$ him4 ,on ! battlefields ( ,france he grew ill4 ,diph!ria & :at seems to h be5 *ol]a morbus attack$ him & :5 he f9ally rea*$ home aga9 he 0 a neura/h5ic wreck4 ,ev] !reaft] 8 life 0 "o long /ruggle aga9/ disease4 ,he suff]$ f migra9e1 t mo/ t]rible disease ( ! n]ves1 & *ronic cat>rh ( ! /oma* made him a dyspeptic4 ,unable to eat or sleep1 he resort$ to n>cotics1 & accord+ to 8 si/]1 he cont9u$ _! use ?r\gh\t 8 life4 ,he want$ to get well quickly1 %e says1 & s took d\ble doses4 ,nietzs*e1 inde$1 0 a slave to drugs1 & m ?an once 9 aft] life1 long be=e insanity f9ally end$ 8 c>e]1 he gave evid5ce ( x4 ,despite 8 illness he insi/$ ^u resum+ "w1 b dur+ ! foll[+ w9t] he 0 oblig$ to take a vacation 9 ,italy4 ,mean:ile he _h deliv]$ lectures to 8 classes on ! ,greek drama & two ( ^! he revis$ & publi%$1 9 #ahgb1 z 8 fir/ book1 ,die ,geburt d] ,tragdie 7,! ,bir? ( ,trag$y74 ,engelmann1 ! great ,leipsic publi%]1 decl9$ x1 b ,frits*1 ( ! same city1 put x into type4#e ,?is book greatly pleas$ 8 fri5ds1 b ! old-l9e philologi/s ( ! "t ?\ght x wild & extravagant1 & x almo/ co/ ,nietzs*e 8 pr(essor%ip4 ,/ud5ts 7 advis$ to keep away f him1 & dur+ ! w9t] ( #ahgb-c1 x is said1 he _h no pupils at all4 ,nev]!less ! book1 = all its iconoclasm1 0 an ev5t4 ,x s\nd$ ,nietzs*e's fir/1 fa9t battle-cry & put ! "q m>k beh9d _m til+s t seem$ honorable & holy 9 philology4 ,mo/ ( ! philologi/s ( t "t 7 ,g]man savants ( ! comic-pap] sort1 & _! lives 7 sp5t 9 wond]+ :y "o ,greek poet made ! "n ( a c]ta9 plant mascul9e :ile ano!r made x fem99e4 ,nietzs*e1 pass+ ov] su* s*ola/ic futilities1 burr[$ d[n into ! he>t ( ,greek lit]ature4 ,:y1 he ask$ himself1 did ! ,greeks take pleasure 9 witness+ repres5tations ( bitt]1 hopeless conflicts1 & h[ did ?is =m ( ent]ta9m5t arise among !m8 ,lat] on1 8 conclusions w be giv5 at l5g?1 b 9 ?is place x may be well to sket* !m 9 outl9e1 because ( ! be>+ !y h ^u 8 lat] "w1 & ev5 ^u ! tr5d ( 8 life4 ,9 anci5t ,greece1 he po9t$ out at ! />t1 ,apollo 0 ! god ( art--( life z x 0 record$ & int]pret$--& ,bac*us ,dionysus 0 ! god ( life itself--( eat+1 dr9k+ & mak+ m]ry1 ( danc+ & roi/]+1 ( ev]y?+ t made m5 acutely consci\s ( ! vitality & w )9 !m4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ?+s !y repres5t$ has be5 well set =? 9 c]ta9 homely v]ses address$ by ,rudy>d ,kipl+ to ,admiral ,robley ,d4 ,evans1 ,u4 ,s4 ,n43 ,zogbaum draws ) a p5cil ,& ,i d ?+s ) a p51 ,b y sit up 9 a conn+ t[]1 ,boss+ eight hundr$ m54 ,to him t ha? %all be giv5 ,& t's :y ^! books are s5t ,to ! man :o has liv$ m /ories ,?an ,zogbaum or ,i c\ld inv5t4 ,"h we h ! pla9 di/9ction3 ,zogbaum & ,kipl+ are apollonic1 :ile ,evans is dionysian4 ,epic poetry1 sculpture1 pa9t+ & /ory-tell+ are apollonic3 !y repres5t1 n life itself1 b "s "o man's visualiz$ idea ( life4 ,b danc+1 great de$s &1 9 "s cases1 music1 are dionysian3 !y are "p & p>cel ( life z "s actual human be+1 or collection ( human be+s1 is liv+ x4 ,nietzs*e ma9ta9$ t ,greek art 0 at fir/ apollonic1 b t ev5tually !re appe>$ a dionysian influ5ce--! fruit1 p]haps1 ( contact ) primitive1 b>b>\s peoples4 ,ev] aft]w>d !re 0 con/ant conflict betwe5 !m & ?is conflict 0 ! ess5ce ( ,greek trag$y4 ,z ,s>cey tells u1 a play1 to hold our att5tion1 mu/ depict "s sort ( battle1 betwe5 man & man or idea & idea4 ,9 ! melodrama ( today ! battle is betwe5 h]o & villa92 9 ! anci5t ,greek trag$y x 0 betwe5 ,apollo & ,dionysus1 betwe5 ! life contemplative & ! life /r5u\s1 betwe5 law & outlaw1 betwe5 ! devil & ! s]aphim4 ,nietzs*e1 z we %all see1 aft]w>d appli$ ?is di/9ction 9 morals & life z well z 9 art4 ,he call$ himself a dionysian & ! cr[n+ volume ( 8 sy/em ( philosophy1 :i* he _h b>ely />t$ :5 insanity ov]took him1 0 to h be5 call$ ,dionysus4 #a ,fri$ri* ,wilhelm ,rits*l 7#ahjf-ahgf71 ! =emo/ philologi/ ( mod]n times4 ,he became a pr(essor ( classical lit]ature & rhetoric 9 #ahci & f\nd$ ! sci5ce ( hi/orical lit]>y criticism1 z we "k x today4 #b ,ar?ur ,s*op5hau] 7#aghh-ahfj7 publi%$ ?is book1 8 magnum opus1 at ,leipsic 9 #ahai4 ,x has be5 translat$ into ,engli% z ,! ,_w z ,w & ,idea & has appe>$ 9 _m editions4 #c ,s*op5hau] 7,na*trge fr ,lehre vom ,leid5 d] ,welt7 puts ! argum5t ?us3 ,pleasure is nev] z pleasant z we expect x to be & pa9 is always m pa9ful4 ,! pa9 9 ! _w always outweighs ! pleasure4 ,if y don't believe x1 comp>e ! respective feel+s ( two animals1 "o ( :i* is eat+ ! o!r4 #d ,lat] on1 9 ,m5s*li*es allzu ,m5s*li*es1 ,,ii1 ,nietzs*e argu$ t ! ascetic 0 ei!r a c[>d1 :o fe>$ ! temptations ( pleasure & ! agonies ( pa91 or an exhau/$ worldl+ :o _h become satiat$ ) life4 #e ,begun 9 #ahfi1 ?is maid5 "w 0 d$icat$ to ,ri*>d ,wagn]4 ,at ,wagn]'s sugge/ion ,nietzs*e elim9at$ a great deal ( matt] 9 ! orig9al draft4 ,! full title 0 ,! ,bir? ( ,trag$y f ! ,_s ( ,music1 b ?is 0 *ang$1 9 #ahhf1 :5 a ?ird edition 0 pr9t$1 to ,! ,bir? ( ,trag$y1 or ,hell5ism & ,pessimism4 ,nietzs*e !n also add$ a long preface1 entitl$ ,an ,attempt at ,self-,criticism4 ,! mat]ial orig9ally exclud$ 0 publi%$ 9 #ahif4 ,,iii ,,blaz+ ,a ,,new ,,pa? ,hav+ giv5 bir?1 9 ?is !ory ( ,greek trag$y1 to an idea :i*1 :atev] its defects o!rwise1 0 at lea/ orig9al1 und]/&able & workable1 ,nietzs*e began to be consci\s1 z x 71 ( 8 own intellect--or1 9 8 si/]'s phrase1 to und]/& :at a great man he 04 ,dur+ 8 fir/ ye>s at ,basel he _h cut q a figure 9 academic society1 = he 0 an excell5t musician1 he enjoy$ danc+ & he _h pl5ty ( pretty ?+s to say to ! ladies4 ,b z 8 ideas cl>ifi$ & he f\nd himself m & m 9 conflict ) ! pundits ab\t him1 he )drew )9 himself1 & 9 ! end he _h few fri5ds save ,ri*>d & ,cosima ,wagn]1 :o liv$ at ,tribs*51 n f> away4 ,to "o ( 8 turn ( m9d1 inde$1 ! atmosph]e ( ! college t[n 0 b\nd to gr[ oppressive soon or late4 ,acutely aw>e ( 8 own sup]iority1 he %[$ no pati5ce ) ! unctu\s complac5cy ( dons & dignit>ies1 & s he became embroil$ 9 v>i\s conflicts1 & ev5 8 admir]s among 8 colleagues seldom v5tur$ ^u fri5dly advances4 ,!re are critics :o see 9 all ?is pro( t ,nietzs*e %[$ signs ( insanity f e>ly manhood1 b z a matt] ( fact x 0 8 abnormally accurate vision & n a vision gone awry1 t made him /& s alo( f 8 fell[s4 ,9 ! va/ majority ( ^? ab\t him he saw ! co>se metal ( %am & pret5se b5ea? ! %[y gild+ ( le>n+4 ,he _h be=e him1 at close range1 a good _m ( ! great m5 ( 8 "t--! intellectuals ^: ^w 0 law 9 ! s*ools4 ,he saw !m on p>ade & he saw !m 9 _! %irt sleeves4 ,:at wond] t he lo/ all false rev]5ce = !m & began to e/imate !m 9 t]ms1 n ( _! dignity & reputation1 b ( _! actual cr$ibility & wor?8 ,x 0 inevitable t he %\ld comp>e 8 own ideas to !irs1 & x 0 inevitable t he %\ld p]ceive ! diff]5ce betwe5 8 own fanatical /riv+ = ! tru? & ! easy dep5d5ce ^u prec$5t & =mula :i* lay b5ea? _! boom+ bomba/4 ,?us !re arose 9 him a fi]y loa?+ = all au?ority1 & a firm belief t 8 own op9ion reg>d+ any matt] to :i* he _h giv5 ?\ght 0 z s\nd1 at ! lea/1 z any o!r man's4 ,!nce=? ! ass]tive i* began to bespr9kle 8 disc\rse & 8 pages4 ,i condemn ,*ri/ianity4 ,i h giv5 to mank9d4444 ,i 0 nev] yet mode/4444 ,i ?9k4444 ,i say4444 ,i d4444 ,?us he hurl$ 8 javel9 at au?ority until ! end4 ,to ^? ab\t him1 p]haps1 ,nietzs*e seem$ wild & impossible1 b x is n record$ t any "o ev] look$ ^u him z ridicul\s4 ,8 high br[1 b>$ by ! way 9 :i* he bru%$ 8 hair2 8 ke5 eyes1 ) _! mon/r\s ov]hang+ br[s1 & 8 imm5se1 untrimm$ m\/a*e gave him an air ( al>m+ e>ne/ness4 ,beside ! p$agogues ab\t him--) _! well-b>b]$1 pr(essorial be>ds1 _! bald heads & _! le>n$ spectacles--he seem$ l "s incompreh5sible =eign]4 ,! exotic air he bore delight$ him & he cultivat$ x assidu\sly4 ,he reg>d$ himself z a ,poli% gr&ee set d[n by an unk9d fate among ,g]man %opkeep]s1 & x gave him va/ pleasure :5 ! hotel port]s & /reet begg>s1 deceiv$ by 8 disord]ly faade1 call$ him ,! ,polack4 ,?us he liv$ & _h 8 be+4 ,! inquisitive boy ( old ,naumburg1 ! impud5t y\? ( ,p=ta & ! academic free lance ( ,bonn & ,leipsic _h become m]g$ into a man sure ( himself & contemptu\s ( all ^: se>* = ! tru? 0 hamp]$ or h$g$ ab\t by any respect = /atute or prec$5t4 ,he saw t ! philosoph]s & sages ( ! day1 9 _m ( _! mo/ gorge\s flights ( logic1 />t$ f false premises1 & he obs]v$ ! fact t c]ta9 ( ! dom9ant moral1 political & social maxims ( ! "t 7 m]e fooli%ness4 ,x /ruck him1 too1 t all ( ?is faulty ratioc9ation--all ( ?is assumption ( outworn doctr9es & dep5d5ce ^u explod$ cre$s--0 n conf9$ to ! confess$ly or?odox4 ,!re 0 fallacy no less disgu/+ 9 ! o!r camp4 ,! pr(ess$ apo/les ( revolt 7 becom+ z bad z ! old crusad]s & apologi/s4 ,nietzs*e h>bor$ a fev]$ ye>n+ to call all ( ^! false prophets to book & to r$uce _! f9e axioms to absurdity4 ,accord+ly1 he plann$ a s]ies ( tw5ty-f\r pamphlets & decid$ to call !m ,unzeitgemsse ,betra*tung5 :i* may be translat$ z ,inopportune ,speculations1 or m cle>ly1 ,essays 9 ,%am-,sma%+4 ,9 look+ ab\t = a head to sma% 9 essay numb] "o1 8 eye1 naturally en\gh1 alight$ ^u t ( ,david ,/rauss1 ! favorite philosoph] & fa%ionable iconocla/ ( ! day4 ,/rauss _h be5 a prea*] b _h r5\nc$ ! clo? & set up %op z a critic ( ,*ri/ianity4#a ,he _h labor$ ) good int5tions1 no d\bt1 b ! net result ( all 8 smug agno/icism 0 t 8 disciples 7 z self-satisfi$1 bigot$ & prejudic$ 9 ! g>b ( agno/ics z !y _h be5 be=e z ,*ri/ians4 ,nietzs*e's cle> eye saw ?is & 9 ! fir/ ( 8 little pamphlets1 ,david ,/rauss1 d] ,bek5n] und d] ,s*rift/ell] 7,david ,/rauss1 ! ,confessor & ! ,writ]71 he bore d[n ^u ,/rauss' b\rgeoise pseudo-skepticism mo/ savagely4 ,?is 0 9 #ahgc4 ,/rauss1 he said1 utt]ly evades ! "q1 ,:at is ! mean+ ( life8 ,he _h an opportunity to %[ c\rage1 to turn 8 back ^u ! ,phili/9es1 & to boldly d$uce a new morality f t con/ant w>f>e :i* de/roys all b ! fitte/1 b to d ?is w\ld h requir$ a love ( tru? inf9itely high] ?an t :i* sp5ds itself 9 viol5t invectives aga9/ p>sons1 miracles & ! hi/orical humbug ( ! resurrection4 ,/rauss _h no su* c\rage4 ,_h he work$ out ! ,d>w9ian doctr9e to its la/ decimal he w\ld h _h ! ,phili/9es aga9/ him to a man4 ,z x is1 !y are ) him4 ,he has wa/$ 8 "t 9 combatt+ ,*ri/ianity's noness5tials4 ,= ! idea at ! bottom ( x he has propos$ no sub/itute4 ,9 consequ5ce1 8 philosophy is /ale4#b ,z a di/+ui%$ critic has po9t$ out1 ,nietzs*e's attack 0 notable1 n only = its ke5 analysis & ru?less hone/y1 b also = its c\rage4 ,x requir$ no little brav]y1 ?ree ye>s aft] ,s$an1 to tell ! ,g]mans t ! new culture :i* con/itut$ _! pride 0 rott51 & t1 unless x 7 purifi$ 9 ! fire ( absolute tru?1 x might "o day wreck _! civilization4 ,9 ! ye> foll[+ ,nietzs*e return$ to ! attack ) a criticism ( hi/ory1 :i* 0 !n ! fa%ionable sci5ce ( ! ,g]man univ]sities1 on acc\nt1 *iefly1 ( its usefulness 9 explod+ ! my?s ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,he call$ 8 essay ,vom ,nutz5 und ,na*!il d] ,hi/orie fr das ,leb5 7,on ! ,good & ,bad ,effects ( ,hi/ory ^u ,human ,life7 & 9 x he took issue ) ! reign+ p$agogues & pr(essors ( ! day4 ,!re 0 mu* h>d ?9k+ & no little good writ+ 9 ?is essay & x made its m>k4 ,! m]e /udy ( hi/ory1 argu$ ,nietzs*e1 unless "s def9ite notion reg>d+ ! de/9y ( man 7 kept ev] 9 m9d1 0 mislead+ & confus+4 ,!re 0 great dang] 9 assum+ t ev]y?+ :i* happ5$ 0 "p ( "s div9e & my/]i\s plan = ! ultimate atta9m5t ( p]fection4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 _m hi/orical ev5ts 7 mean+less1 & ?is 0 p>ticul>ly true ( ^? expressions ( gov]nm5ts1 public op9ion & majorities :i* hi/orians 7 prone to acc5tuate4 ,to ,nietzs*e ! ideas & do+s ( peoples seem$ inf9itely less important ?an ! ideas & do+s ( exceptional individuals4 ,to put x m simply1 he believ$ t "o man1 ,hannibal1 0 ( va/ly m importance to ! _w ?an all ! o!r ,c>?ag9ians ( 8 "t tak5 toge!r4 ,h]e9 we h a reappe>ance ( ,dionysus & a =e%ad[+ ( ! h]r5moral & sup]man ( lat] days4 ,nietzs*e's next essay 0 devot$ to ,s*op5hau] & 0 pr9t$ 9 #ahgd4 ,he call$ x ,s*op5hau] als ,erzieh] 7,s*op5hau] z a ,tea*]7 & 9 x he laid 8 burnt (f]+ ^u ! alt> ( ! great pessimi/1 :o 0 de/9$ to rema9 8 h]o1 if no long] 8 god1 until ! end4 ,nietzs*e 0 already beg9n+ to read rebelli\s ideas ( 8 own into ,! ,_w z ,w & ,idea1 b 9 two ?+s--! !ory ( w & ! impulse t[>d tru?--he & ,s*op5hau] 7 ev] z "o4 ,he prea*$ a holy w> ^u all ^? influ5ces :i* _h made ! apo/le ( pessimism1 9 8 life-"t1 an unhe>d outca/4 ,he rag$ aga9/ ! n>r[ness ( univ]sity s*ools ( philosophy & d5\nc$ all gov]nm5tal int]f]5ce 9 speculation--:e!r x 7 express$ crudely1 by inquisitorial laws & ! ,index1 or s(tly & insidi\sly1 by ! brib]y ( com=table b]?s & public honors4 ,exp]i5ce tea*es u1 he said1 t no?+ /&s s mu* 9 ! way ( develop+ great philosoph]s z ! cu/om ( support+ bad ones 9 /ate univ]sities4444 ,x is ! popul> !ory t ! po/s giv5 to ! latt] make !m 'free' to d orig9al "w2 z a matt] ( fact1 ! effect is q ! contr>y4444 ,no /ate w\ld ev] d>e to patronize su* m5 z ,plato & ,s*op5hau]4 ,& :y8 ,because ! /ate is always afraid ( !m4444 ,x seems to me t !re is ne$ = a high] tribunal outside ! univ]sities to critically exam9e ! doctr9es !y tea*4 ,z soon z philosoph]s are will+ to resign _! sal>ies1 !y w con/itute su* a tribunal4 ,)\t pay & )\t honors1 x w be able to free itself f ! prejudices ( ! age4 ,l ,s*op5hau]1 x w be ! judge ( ! s-call$ culture ar\nd x4#c ,ye>s lat] ,nietzs*e d5i$ t1 9 ?is essay1 he committ$ himself irretrievably to ! :ole philosophy ( ,s*op5hau] & a fair read+ be>s him out4 ,he 0 n def5d+ ,s*op5hau]'s doctr9e ( r5unciation1 b m]ely ask+ t he be giv5 a he>+4 ,he 0 plead+ ! case ( foes z well z ( fri5ds3 all he ask$ 0 t ! =um be op5$ to e man :o _h some?+ new to say4 ,nietzs*e reg>d$ ,s*op5hau] z a k+ among philosoph]s because he %ook himself entirely free ( ! dom9ant ?\ght ( 8 "t4 ,9 an age m>k$1 beyond ev]y?+1 by humanity's ris+ reliance ^u human reason1 he s\ght to %[ t reason 0 a puny (f%oot ( an irresi/ible natural law--! law ( self-pres]vation4 ,nietzs*e admir$ ! man's c\rage & agre$ ) him 9 8 insi/5ce t ?is law 0 at ! bottom ( all s5ti5t activity1 b he 0 nev] a subscrib] to ,s*op5hau]'s surr5d] & despair4 ,f ! v />t1 inde$1 he 0 a prophet ( defiance1 & h]e9 8 div]g5ce f ,s*op5hau] 0 inf9ite4 ,z 8 k broad5$ & 8 scope wid5$1 he exp&$ & develop$ 8 philosophy1 & (t5 he f\nd x necess>y to modify x 9 detail4 ,b t he ev] turn$ ^u himself 9 fundam5tals is untrue4 ,nietzs*e at #dj & ,nietzs*e at #be 7 ess5tially ! same4 ,! g]m ( practically all 8 writ+s lies 9 8 fir/ book--nay1 x is to be f\nd fur!r back3 9 ! wild speculations ( 8 y\?4 ,! f\r? ( ! ,unzeitgemsse ,betra*tung5 7& ! la/1 = ! orig9al design ( ! s]ies 0 n c>ri$ out7 0 ,ri*>d ,wagn] 9 ,bayreu?4#d ,?is 0 publi%$ 9 #ahgf & nei!r x nor ! g5]al subject ( ,nietzs*e's relations ) ,wagn] ne$ be consid]$ "h4 ,9 a subsequ5t *apt] ! :ole matt] w be discuss$4 ,= ! pres5t1 x is suffici5t to say t ,nietzs*e met ,wagn] ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ,rits*l's wife2 t !y became fa/ fri5ds2 t ,nietzs*e hail$ ! compos] z a h]o s5t to make ! drama an epitome ( ! life unfett]$ & unb\nd$1 ( life defiant & joyful2 t ,wagn]1 aft] />t+ f ! ,s*op5hau] base1 travell$ t[>d ,/4 ,francis r ?an t[>d ,dionysus1 & t ,nietzs*e1 aft] va9 expo/ulations1 read ! au?or ( ,p>sifal out ( meet+ & pron\nc$ him ana!ma4 ,x 0 all a case ( misund]/&+4 ,wagn] 0 an arti/1 & n a philosoph]4 ,"r or wrong1 ,*ri/ianity 0 beautiful1 & z a ?+ ( beauty x call$ al\d to him4 ,to ,nietzs*e beauty seem$ a m]e phase ( tru?4 ,x 0 dur+ ?is p]iod ( prelim9>y skirmi%+ t ,nietzs*e's ultimate philosophy began to =mulate itself4 ,he saw cle>ly t !re 0 some?+ radically wrong ) ! ,g]man culture ( ! day--t _m ?+s e/eem$ "r & holy 71 9 reality1 unspeakable1 & t _m ?+s "u ! ban ( *ur* & /ate 7 f> f wrong 9 !mselves4 ,he saw1 too1 t !re _h gr[n up a false logic & t its ta9t 0 ^u ! :ole ( contempor>y ?\ght4 ,m5 ma9ta9$ propositions pla9ly errone\s & excus$ !mselves by ! plea t ideals 7 great] ?an actualities4 ,! race 0 subscrib+ to "o ?+ & practic+ ano!r4 ,*ri/ianity 0 (ficial1 b n a s+le real ,*ri/ian 0 to be f\nd 9 all ,*ri/5dom4 ,?\s&s b[$ d[n to m5 & ideas t !y despis$ & d5\nc$ ?+s t e sane man knew 7 necess>y & inevitable4 ,! result 0 a flavor ( di%one/y & hypocrisy 9 all human affairs4 ,9 ! ab/ract ! laws--( ! *ur*1 ! /ate & society--7 look$ ^u z impeccable1 b e man1 9 s f> z !y bore ^u him p]sonally1 tri$ 8 be/ to evade !m4 ,o!r philosoph]s1 9 ,g]many & else:]e1 _h made ! same obs]vation & !re 0 9 progress a gr& assault-at-arms ^u old ideas4 ,huxley & ,sp5c]1 9 ,engl&1 7 labor+ h>d 9 ! v9ey>d plant$ by ,d>w92 ,ibs51 9 ,norway1 0 prep>+ = 8 epo*-mak+ life-"w1 & 9 f> ,am]ica ,&rew ,d4 ,:ite & o!rs 7 battl+ to free education f ! bonds ( !ology4 ,?us x w be se5 t1 at ! />t1 ,nietzs*e 0 no m a pione] ?an any "o ( a doz5 o!r m54 ,"s ( ^! o!r m51 inde$1 7 f> bett] equipp$ = ! fray ?an he1 & _! s]vices1 = a long :ile1 seem$ a great deal m important4 ,b x 0 8 good =tune1 be=e 8 work+ days 7 ov]1 to press ! conflict mu* fur!r afield ?an ! o!rs4 ,beg9n+ :]e !y end$1 he f\ght 8 way into ! v citadel ( ! enemy4 ,8 attack ^u ,*ri/ianity1 :i* is describ$ at l5g? lat] on1 well exemplifies ?is uncompromis+ ?or\ghness4 ,nietzs*e saw t ! same plan w\ld h to be pursu$ 9 exam9+ all o!r concepts--religi\s1 political or social4 ,x w\ld be necess>y to pass ov] surface symptoms & g to ! he>t ( ?+s3 to tunnel d[n deep into ideas2 to trace out _! hi/ory & seek out _! orig9s4 ,!re 7 no will+ h&s to help him 9 ?is3 x 01 9 a s5se1 a "w new to ! _w4 ,9 consequ5ce ,nietzs*e p]ceiv$ t he w\ld h to g sl[ly & t x w\ld be ne$ful to make e /ep pla94 ,x 0 out ( ! "q to expect enc\ragem5t3 if ! task attract$ notice at all1 ?is notice w\ld probably take ! =m ( blund]+ opposition4 ,b ,nietzs*e began 8 cle>+ & 8 road cutt+ ) a light he>t4 ,! m5 ( 8 day might call him accurs$1 b 9 "t 8 hone/y w\ld %ame all d5ial4 ,?is 0 8 attitude always3 he felt t neglect & opprobrium 7 all 9 8 day's "w & he us$ to say t if ev] ! g5]ality ( m5 endors$ any idea t he _h advanc$ he w\ld be conv9c$ at once t he _h made an error4 ,9 8 prelim9>y pa?-f9d+ ,nietzs*e conc]n$ himself mu* ) ! hi/ory ( specific ideas4 ,he %[$ h[ ! ?+ :i* 0 a s9 9 "o age became ! virtue ( ! next4 ,he attack$ hope1 fai? & *>ity 9 ?is way1 & he made excursions into ne>ly e field ( human ?\ght--f art to prim>y education4 ,all ( ?is occupi$ ! fir/ half ( ! #gj's4 ,nietzs*e 0 9 indiff]5t heal? & 8 labors tir$ him s greatly t he ?\ght m ?an once ( giv+ up 8 po/ at ,basel1 ) its dull r\nd ( lectur+ & quizz+4 ,b 8 private means at ?is "t 7 n great en\gh to enable him to surr5d] 8 sal>y & s he _h to hold on4 ,he ?\ght1 too1 ( go+ to ,vi5na to /udy ! natural sci5ces s t he might atta9 ! wide & c]ta9 k possess$ by ,sp5c]1 b ! same consid]ations =c$ him to ab&on ! plan4 ,he sp5t 8 w9t]s tea*+ & inve/igat+ & 8 summ]s at v>i\s wat]+-places--f ,tribs*51 9 ,switz]l&1 :]e ! ,wagn]s 7 8 ho/s1 to ,sorr5to1 9 ,italy4 ,at ,sorr5to he happ5$ to take lodg+s 9 a h\se :i* also %elt]$ ,dr4 ,paul ,re1 ! au?or ( ,psy*ological ,obs]vations1 ,! ,orig9 ( ,moral ,feel+s1 & o!r metaphysical works4 ,t ,re gave him great assi/ance he ackn[l$g$ himself 9 lat] ye>s1 b t 8 ideas 71 9 any s5se1 due to ?is *ance meet+ 7z ,max ,nordau w\ld h u believe7 is out ( ! "q1 =1 z we h se51 !y 7 already pretty cle> 9 8 m9d a long :ile be=e4 ,b ,re wid5$ 8 outlook a great deal1 x is evid5t1 & und\bt$ly made him acqua9t$ ) ! ,engli% naturali/s :o _h sprung up z spores ( ,d>w91 & ) a numb] ( great ,fr5*m5--,montaigne1 ,l>o*ef\cauld1 ,la ,bruyre1 ,font5elle1 ,vauv5>gues & ,*am=t4 ,nietzs*e _h be5 sett+ d[n 8 ?\ghts & conclusions 9 ! =m ( brief memor&a & z he grew bett] acqua9t$ ) ! ,fr5* philosoph]s1 _m ( :om publi%$ _! works z collections ( aphorisms1 he decid$ to employ t =m himself4 ,?us he began to arrange ! notes :i* 7 to be giv5 to ! _w z ,m5s*li*es allzu ,m5s*li*es 7,human1 ,all-too ,human74 ,9 #ahgf he got leave f ,basel & gave 8 :ole "t to ! "w4 ,dur+ ! w9t] ( #ahgf-g1 ) ! aid ( a disciple nam$ ,b]nh>d ,cron 7bett] kn[n z ,pet] ,ga/7 he prep>$ ! fir/ volume = ! press4 ,nietzs*e 0 well aw>e t x w\ld make a s5sation & :ile x 0 be+ set up 8 c\rage app>5tly =sook him & he sugge/$ to 8 publi%] t x be s5t =? anonym\sly4 ,b ! latt] w\ld n he> ( x & s ! fir/ "p left ! press 9 #ahgh4 ,z ! au?or _h expect$1 ! book provok$ a f9e fr5zy ( horror among ! pi\s4 ,! fir/ title *os5 = x1 ,die ,pflugs*> 7,! ,pl[%>e71 & ! "o f9ally select$1 ,human1 ,all-too ,human1 indicate t x 0 an attempt to exam9e ! und]side ( human ideas4 ,9 x ,nietzs*e *all5g$ ! :ole ( curr5t morality4 ,he %[$ t moral ideas 7 n div9e1 b human1 & t1 l all ?+s human1 !y 7 subject to *ange4 ,he %[$ t good & evil 7 b relative t]ms1 & t x 0 impossible to say1 f9ally & absolutely1 t a c]ta9 action 0 "r & ano!r wrong4 ,he appli$ ! acid ( critical analysis to a hundr$ & "o specific ideas1 & 8 g5]al conclusion1 to put x briefly1 0 t no human be+ _h a "r1 9 any way or =m1 to judge or direct ! actions ( any o!r be+4 ,h]e9 we h1 9 a few words1 t gospel ( individualism :i* all our sages prea* today4#e ,nietzs*e s5t a copy ( ! book to ,wagn] & ! great compos] 0 s appall$ t he 0 spee*less4 ,ev5 ! au?or's devot$ si/]1 :o wor%ipp$ him z an intellectual god1 0 unable to foll[ him4 ,g]many1 9 g5]al1 pron\nc$ ! "w a conglom]ation ( crazy fantasies & wild absurdities--& ,nietzs*e smil$ ) satisfaction4 ,9 #ahgi he publi%$ ! second volume1 to :i* he gave ! sub-title ( ,v]mis*te ,me9ung5 und ,spr*e 7,miscellane\s ,op9ions & ,aphorisms7 & %ortly !reaft] he f9ally resign$ 8 *air at ,basel4 ,! ?ird "p ( ! book appe>$ 9 #ahhj z ,d] ,w&]] und se9 ,s*att5 7,! ,w&]] & ,8 ,%ad[74 ,! ?ree volumes 7 publi%$ z two 9 #ahhf z ,m5s*li*es allzu ,m5s*li*es ) ! explanatory sub-title1 ,e9 ,bu* fr ,freie ,gei/] 7,a ,book = ,free ,spirits74 #a ,david ,fri$ri* ,/rauss 7#ahjh-gd7 sprang into fame ) 8 ,das ,leb5 ,jesu1 #ahce 7,eng4 tr4 by ,george ,eliot1 #ahdf71 b ! book :i* s]v$ z ,nietzs*e's t>get 0 ,d] alte und d] neue ,glaube 7,! ,old ,fai? & ! ,new71 #ahgb4 #b ,david ,/rauss1 d] ,bek5n] und d] ,s*rift/ell]1 #g4 #c ,s*op5hau] als ,erzieh]1 #h4 #d ,accord+ to ,nietzs*e's orig9al plan ! s]ies 0 to h includ$ pamphlets on ,lit]ature & ! ,press1 ,art & ,pa9t]s1 ,! ,high] ,education1 ,g]man & ,c\nt]-,g]man1 ,w> & ! ,nation1 ,! ,tea*]1 ,religion1 ,society & ,trade1 ,society & ,natural ,sci5ce1 & ,! ,city1 ) an epilogue entitl$ ,! ,way to ,fre$om4 #e ,x mu/ be rememb]$1 9 consid]+ all ( ,nietzs*e's writ+s1 t :5 he spoke ( a human be+1 he meant a be+ ( ! high] sort--i4e4 "o capable ( cle> reason+4 ,he reg>d$ ! drudge class1 :i* is obvi\sly unable to ?9k = itself1 z unwor?y ( consid]ation4 ,its highe/ mission1 he believ$1 0 to s]ve & obey ! ma/] class4 ,b he held t !re %\ld be no artificial b>ri]s to ! rise ( an individual born to ! drudge class :o %[$ an accid5tal capacity = indep5d5t reason+4 ,su* an individual1 he believ$1 %\ld be admitt$1 ipso facto1 to ! ma/] class4 ,naturally en\gh1 he held to ! conv]se too4 ,vide ! *apt] on ,civilization4 ,,iv ,,! ,,prophet ,,( ,,! ,,sup]man ,nietzs*e sp5t ! w9t] ( #ahgi-hj at ,naumburg1 8 old home4 ,dur+ ! ensu+ ye> he 0 v ill1 inde$1 & = a:ile he believ$ t he _h b a %ort :ile to live4 ,l all su* invalids he devot$ a great deal ( "t to obs]v+ & discuss+ 8 condition4 ,he became1 inde$1 a hypo*ondriac ( ! fir/ wat] & began to take a sort ( melan*oly pleasure 9 8 infirmities4 ,he s\ght relief at all ! ba?s & cures ( ,europe3 he took hot ba?s1 cold ba?s1 salt-wat] ba?s & mud ba?s4 ,e new =m ( pseudo-!rapy f\nd him 9 its fre%man class4 ,to own]s ( sanatoria & to inv5tors ( novel /yles ( massage1 irrigation1 sweat+ & fe$+ he 0 a joy unlimit$4 ,b he grew worse in/ead ( bett]4 ,aft] #ahhj1 8 life 0 a w&]+ "o4 ,8 si/]1 aft] h] m>riage1 w5t to ,p>aguay = a :ile1 & dur+ h] abs5ce ,nietzs*e made 8 progress f ! m\nta9s to ! sea1 & !n back to ! m\nta9s aga94 ,he gave up 8 pr(essor%ip t he might sp5d 8 w9t]s 9 ,italy & 8 summ]s 9 ! ,engad9e4 ,9 ! face ( all ?is suff]+ & travell+ ab\t1 close application1 ( c\rse1 0 out ( ! "q4 ,s he cont5t$ himself ) work+ :5ev] & h[ev] 8 heada*es1 8 doctors & ! railway "t-tables w\ld p]mit--on hotel v]&as1 9 cure-h\ses & 9 ! woods4 ,he w\ld take long1 solit>y walks & /ruggle ) 8 problems by ! way4 ,he swall[$ m & m pills2 he imbib$ m9]al wat]s by ! gallon2 he grew m & m moody & ung5ial4 ,"o ( 8 favorite haunts1 9 ! w9t] "t1 0 a v]dant little neck ( l& t jutt$ out into ,lake ,maggiore4 ,!re he c\ld ?9k & dream undi/urb$4 ,"o day1 :5 he f\nd t "s "o _h plac$ a ru/ic b5* on ! dim9utive p59sula1 t pass]sby might re/1 he 0 greatly inc5s$4 ,nietzs*e w\ld make brief notes ( 8 ?\ghts dur+ 8 daylight rambles1 & 9 ! ev5+s w\ld poli% & exp& !m4 ,z we h se51 8 e>ly books 7 s5t to ! pr9t] z m]e collections ( aphorisms1 )\t ef=t at cont9uity4 ,sometimes a doz5 subjects are consid]$ 9 two pages1 & !n aga91 !re is occasionally a little essay ( ?ree or f\r pages4 ,nietzs*e *ose ?is =m because x _h be5 us$ by ! ,fr5* philosoph]s he admir$1 & because x well suit$ ! me?ods ( "w t a pa9-rack$ frame impos$ ^u him4 ,he 0 ev] 9 great fe> t "s ( 8 preci\s ideas w\ld be lo/ to po/]ity--t dea?1 ! ev]-?reat5+1 w\ld rob him ( 8 rightful immortality & ! _w ( 8 /up5d\s wisdom--& s he made ef=ts1 sev]al times1 to engage an amanu5sis capable ( jott+ d[n1 aft] ! fa%ion ( ,johnson's ,boswell1 ! *ance phrases t fell f 8 lips4 ,8 si/] 0 too busy to und]take ! task3 :5ev] %e 0 ) him h] :ole "t 0 employ$ 9 gu>d+ him f lion-hunt]s1 scrut9iz+ 8 daily f>e & deftly inveigl+ him into answ]+ 8 lett]s1 bru%+ 8 clo!s & gett+ 8 hair cut4 ,f9ally1 ,paul ,re & ano!r fri5d1 ,frule9 von ,meys5bug1 br\ght to 8 notice a "y ,russian woman1 ,mlle4 ,l\ ,salom1 :o pr(ess$ va/ int]e/ 9 8 "w & (f]$ to help him4 ,b ?is arrangem5t quickly end$ 9 disa/]1 = ,nietzs*e fell 9 love ) ! girl--%e 0 only #bj--;& pursu$ h] ov] half ( ,europe :5 %e fl$4 ,to add to ! humors ( ! situation ,re fell 9 love ) h] too1 & ! two fri5ds ?us became foes & !re 0 ev5 "s talk ( a duel4 ,mlle4 ,salom1 h[ev]1 w5t to ,re1 & ) 8 aid %e lat] wrote a book ab\t ,nietzs*e4#a ,frau ,fr/]-,nietzs*e sne]s at t book1 b ! fact is n to be =gott5 t %e 0 v jeal\s ( ,mlle4 ,salom1 & gave con/ant pro( ( x by unfri5dly ^w & act4 ,9 ! end1 ! latt] m>ri$ "o ,pr(4 ,&reas & settl$ d[n 9 ,gtt+54 ,e>ly 9 #ahha ,nietzs*e publi%$ ,morg5rte 7,! ,dawn ( ,day74 ,x 0 begun at ,v5ice 9 #ahhj & cont9u$ at ,m>i5bad1 ,lago ,maggiore & ,g5oa4 ,x 01 9 a broad way1 a cont9uation ( ,m5s*li*es allzu ,m5s*li*es4 ,x dealt ) an inf9ite v>iety ( subjects1 f matrimony to ,*ri/ianity1 & f education to ,g]man patriotism4 ,to all ! te/ ( fundam5tal tru? 0 appli$3 ( ev]y?+ ,nietzs*e ask$1 n1 ,is x respectable or lawful8 b1 ,is x ess5tially true8 ,^! e>ly works1 at be/1 7 m]e note-books4 ,nietzs*e saw t ! gr\nd w\ld h to be pl[$1 t p w\ld h to gr[ accu/om$ to ! idea ( que/ion+ high & holy ?+s1 be=e a new sy/em ( philosophy w\ld be und]/&able or possible4 ,9 ,m5s*li*es allzu ,m5s*li*es & 9 ,morg5rte he und]took ?is prep>atory cultivation4 ,! book :i* foll[$1 ,die frhli*e ,wiss5s*aft 7,! ,joyful ,sci5ce7 cont9u$ ! same task4 ,! fir/ edition conta9$ f\r p>ts & 0 publi%$ 9 #ahhb4 ,9 #ahhg a fif? "p 0 add$4 ,nietzs*e _h n[ complet$ 8 pl[+ & 0 ready to s[ 8 crop4 ,he _h demon/rat$1 by practical examples1 t moral ideas 7 vuln]able1 & t ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts might be debat$4 ,go+ fur!r1 he _h adduc$ excell5t hi/orical evid5ce aga9/ ! absolute tru? ( v>i\s curr5t conceptions ( "r & wrong1 & _h trac$ a numb] ( moral ideas back to decid$ly l[ly s\rces4 ,8 "w s f> _h be5 entirely de/ructive & he _h sc>cely v5tur$ to h9t at 8 plans = a recon/ruction ( ! s*eme ( ?+s4 ,z he himself says1 he sp5t ! f\r ye>s betwe5 #ahgh & #ahhb 9 prep>+ ! way = 8 lat] "w4 ,i desc5d$1 he says1 into ! l[e/ dep?s1 ,i se>*$ to ! bottom1 ,i exam9$ & pri$ into an old fai? on :i*1 = ?\s&s ( ye>s1 philosoph]s _h built z ^u a secure f\ndation4 ,! old /ructures came tumbl+ d[n ab\t me4 ,i und]m9$ our old fai? 9 morals4#b ,?is labor accompli%$1 ,nietzs*e 0 ready to set =? 8 own notion ( ! end & aim ( exi/5ce4 ,he _h %[n t ! old morality 0 l an apple rott5 at ! core--t ! ,*ri/ian ideal ( humility made mank9d weak & mis]able2 t _m in/itutions reg>d$ ) sup]/iti\s rev]5ce1 z ! direct result ( comm&s f ! creator 7su*1 = in/ance1 z ! family1 ! *ur* & ! /ate71 7 m]e products ( man's all-too-human cupidity1 c[>dice1 /upidity & ye>n+ = ease4 ,he _h turn$ ! se>*light ( tru? ^u patriotism1 *>ity & self-sacrifice4 ,he _h %[n t _m ?+s held to be utt]ly & unque/ionably good or bad by mod]n civilization 7 once giv5 q diff]5t values--t ! anci5t ,greeks consid]$ hope a sign ( weakness1 & m]cy ! attribute ( a fool1 & t ! ,jews1 9 _! royal days1 look$ ^u wra?1 n z a s91 b z a virtue--& 9 g5]al he _h demon/rat$1 by c\ntless in/ances & argum5ts1 t all notions ( good & evil 7 mutable & t no man c\ld ev] say1 ) utt] c]ta9ty1 t "o ?+ 0 "r & ano!r wrong4 ,! gr\nd 0 n[ cle>$ = ! "w ( recon/ruction & ! fir/ /ructure t ,nietzs*e re>$ 0 ,also spra* ,z>a?u/ra 7,?us ,spake ,zoroa/]74 ,?is book1 to :i* he gave ! sub-title ( ,e9 ,bu* fr ,alle und ,ke95 7,a book = all & none71 took ! =m ( a fanta/ic1 half-poetical half-philosophical rhapsody4 ,nietzs*e _h be5 delv+ into ori5tal my/icism & f ! law-giv] ( ! anci5t ,p]sians he borr[$ ! "n ( 8 h]o--,zoroa/]4 ,b !re 0 no fur!r resemblance betwe5 ! two1 & no lik5ess :atev] betwe5 ,nietzs*e's philosophy & t ( ! ,p]sians4 ,! ,zoroa/] ( ! book is a sage :o lives remote f mank9d1 & ) no att5dants b a snake & an eagle4 ,! book is 9 f\r p>ts & all are made up ( disc\rses by ,zoroa/]4 ,^! disc\rses are deliv]$ to v>i\s audi5ces dur+ ! prophet's occasional w&]+s & at ! conf]5ces he holds ) v>i\s disciples 9 ! cave t he calls home4 ,!y are decid$ly ori5tal 9 =m & recall ! mann] & phraseology ( ! biblical rhapsodi/s4 ,t[>d ! end ,nietzs*e ?r[s all re/ra9t to ! w9ds & indulges to 8 he>t's cont5t 9 ! r>e & exhil>at+ sport ( blasphemy4 ,!re is a sort ( p>ody ( ! la/ supp] & ,zoroa/]'s backslid+ disciples engage 9 ! grotesque & indec5t wor%ip ( a jackass4 ,wagn] & o!r enemies ( ! au?or appe>1 ?9ly veil$1 z ridicul\s buffoons4 ,9 8 disc\rses ,zoroa/] voices ! ,nietzs*ean idea ( ! sup]man--! idea t has come to be associat$ ) ,nietzs*e m ?an any o!r4 ,lat] on1 x w be set =? 9 detail4 ,= ! pres5t1 suffice x to say t x is ! natural *ild ( ! notions put =w>d 9 ,nietzs*e's fir/ book1 ,! ,bir? ( ,trag$y1 & t x b9ds 8 entire life "w toge!r into "o consi/5t1 h>moni\s :ole4 ,! fir/ "p ( ,also spra* ,z>a?u/ra 0 publi%$ 9 #ahhc1 ! second "p foll[+ 9 ! same ye>1 & ! ?ird "p 0 pr9t$ 9 #ahhd4 ,! la/ "p 0 privately circulat$ among ! au?or's fri5ds 9 #ahhe1 b 0 n giv5 to ! public until #ahib1 :5 ! entire "w 0 pr9t$ 9 "o volume4 ,z %[+ ,nietzs*e's w&]+ life1 x may be record$ t ! book 0 conceiv$ 9 ! ,engad9e & writt5 9 ,g5oa1 ,sils ,m>ia1 ,nice & ,m5tone4 ,j5seits von ,gut und ,bse 7,beyond ,good & ,evil7 appe>$ 9 #ahhf4 ,9 ?is book ,nietzs*e elaborat$ & sy/ematiz$ 8 criticism ( morals1 & und]took to %[ :y he consid]$ mod]n civilization degrad+4 ,"h he f9ally =mulat$ 8 def9itions ( ma/]-morality & slave-morality1 & %[$ h[ ,*ri/ianity 0 necess>ily ! idea ( a race oppress$ & helpless1 & eag] to escape ! la% ( its ma/]s4 ,zur ,g5ealogie d] ,moral 7,! ,g5ealogy ( ,morals71 :i* appe>$ 9 #ahhg1 develop$ ^! propositions /ill fur!r4 ,9 x !re 0 also a p>tial return to ,nietzs*e's e>li] mann]1 ) its m]ciless analysis ( moral concepts4 ,9 #ahhh ,nietzs*e publi%$ a mo/ vitriolic attack ^u ,wagn]1 "u ! title ( ,d] ,fall ,wagn] 7,! ,case ( ,wagn]71 ! burd5 ( :i* 0 ! au?or's discov]y t ! compos]1 />t+1 ) him1 f ,s*op5hau]'s premises1 _h end$1 n ) ! sup]man1 b ) ! ,man on ! cross4 ,gtz5dmm]ung 7,! ,twilight ( ! ,idols7 a sort ( p>ody ( ,wagn]'s ,gtt]dmm]ung 7,! ,twilight ( ! ,gods7 foll[$ 9 #ahhi4 ,nietzs*e contra ,wagn] 7,nietzs*e v]sus ,wagn]7 0 pr9t$ ! same ye>4 ,x 0 made up ( extracts f ! philosoph]'s e>ly works1 & 0 design$ to prove t1 contr>y to ! allegations ( 8 enemies1 he _h n ve]$ completely ab\t 9 8 attitude t[>d ,wagn]4 ,mean:ile1 despite ! fact t 8 heal? 0 fa/ decl9+ & he 0 approa*+ ! v]ge ( insanity1 ,nietzs*e made plans = a great f\r volume "w t 0 to sum up 8 philosophy & /& =ev] z 8 magnum opus4 ,! f\r volumes1 z he plann$ !m1 7 to be> ! foll[+ titles3 #a4 ,d] ,anti*ri/3 ,v]su* e9] ,kritik des ,*ri/5?ums 7,! ,anti-,*ri/3 an ,attempt at a ,criticism ( ,*ri/ianity74 #b4 ,d] freie ,gei/3 ,kritik d] ,philosophie als e9] nihili/is*5 ,bewegung 7,! ,free ,_s3 a ,criticism ( ,philosophy z a ,nihili/ic ,movem5t74 #c4 ,d] ,immorali/3 ,kritik d] v]hngnissvoll/5 ,art von ,unwiss5heit1 d] ,moral 7,! ,immorali/3 a ,criticism ( ,t ,fatal ,species ( ,ignorance1 ,morality74 #d4 ,dionysus1 ,philosophie d] ewig5 ,wi$]kunft 7,dionysus1 ! ,philosophy ( ,et]nal ,recurr5ce74 ,?is "w 0 to be publi%$ "u ! g5]al title ( ,d] ,wille zur ,ma*t3 ,v]su* e9] ,umw]?ung all] ,w]! 7,! ,w to ,p[]3 an ,attempt at a ,transvaluation ( all ,values71 b ,nietzs*e got no fur!r ?an ! fir/ book1 ,d] ,anti*ri/ & a mass ( r\gh notes = ! o!rs4 ,d] ,anti*ri/ probably ! mo/ brilliant piece ( writ+ t ,g]many _h se5 9 half a c5tury1 0 writt5 at great spe$ betwe5 ,septemb] #crd & ,septemb] #cj?1 #ahhh1 b x 0 n publi%$ until #ahie1 six ye>s aft] ! philosoph] _h laid d[n 8 "w =ev]4 ,dur+ t same ye> ,c4 ,g4 ,naumann1 ! ,leipsic publi%]1 began ! issue ( a def9ite edition ( all 8 writ+s1 9 fifte5 volumes1 "u ! editorial direction ( ,frau ,fr/]-,nietzs*e1 ,dr4 ,fritz ,koegel1 ,pet] ,ga/ & ,e4 von d] ,hell54 ,9 ?is edition 8 notes = ,d] ,wille zur ,ma*t & 8 e>ly philological essays 7 includ$4 ,! notes are ( great int]e/ to ! s]i\s /ud5t ( ,nietzs*e1 = !y %[ h[ "s ( 8 ideas *ang$ ) ! ye>s & po9t out ! probable /ructure ( 8 f9al sy/em1 b ! g5]al read] w f9d !m *aotic1 & (t5 incompreh5sible4 ,9 ,octob]1 #ahhh1 b ?ree mon?s be=e 8 breakd[n1 he began a critical autobiography ) ! title ( ,ecce ,homo1 & x 0 complet$ 9 ?ree weeks4 ,x is an extremely frank & ent]ta9+ book1 ) su* *apt] head+s z ,:y ,i am s ,wise1 ,:y ,i ,write ,su* ,excell5t ,books & ,:y ,i am a ,fatality4 ,9 x ,nietzs*e sets =? 8 private convictions reg>d+ a great _m ?+s1 f cook+ to climates1 & discusses ea* ( 8 books 9 detail4 ,ecce ,homo 0 n pr9t$ until #aijh1 :5 x appe>$ at ,leipsic 9 a limit$ edition ( #abej copies4 ,9 ,janu>y1 #ahhi1 at ,tur91 :]e he 0 liv+ alone 9 v humble qu>t]s1 ,nietzs*e sudd5ly became hopelessly insane4 ,8 fri5ds got news ( x f 8 own h&4 ,i am ,f]d9& de ,lesseps1 he wrote to ,pr(4 ,burckh>dt ( ,basel4 ,to ,cosima ,wagn]3 ,ariadne1 ,i love y6 ,to ,georg ,br&es1 ! ,dani% critic1 he s5t a telegram sign$ ,! ,crucifi$4 ,franz ,ov]beck1 an old ,basel fri5d1 at once set out = ,tur91 & !re he f\nd ,nietzs*e ?ump+ ! piano ) 8 elb[s & s++ wild songs4 ,ov]beck br\ght him back to ,basel & he 0 conf9$ 9 a private asylum1 :]e 8 g5]al heal? greatly improv$ & hopes 7 ent]ta9$ ( 8 recov]y4 ,b he nev] got well en\gh to be left alone1 & s 8 old "m1 ) :om he _h be5 on bad t]ms = ye>s1 took him back to ,naumburg4 ,:51 9 #ahic1 8 si/] ,elizabe? return$ f ,p>aguay1 :]e h] husb& _h di$1 he 0 well en\gh to meet h] at ! railroad /ation4 ,f\r ye>s lat]1 :5 _! "m di$1 ,elizabe? remov$ him to ,weim>1 :]e %e b\ght a villa call$ ,silb]blick 7,silv] ,view7 9 ! suburbs4 ,?is villa _h a g>d5 ov]look+ ! hills & ! lazy riv] ,ilm1 & a wide1 %elt]$ v]&a = ! invalid's c\*4 ,!re he w\ld sit day aft] day1 receiv+ old fri5ds b say+ little4 ,8 m9d nev] became cle> en\gh = him to resume "w1 or ev5 to read4 ,he _h to grope = words1 sl[ly & pa9fully1 & he reta9$ only a cl\dy memory ( 8 own books4 ,8 *ief delight 0 9 music & he 0 always glad :5 someone came :o c\ld play ! piano = him4 ,!re is some?+ poignantly pa!tic 9 ! picture ( ?is valiant fight]--?is arrogant ja-sag]--?is foe ( m51 gods & devils--be+ nurs$ & coddl$ l a little *ild4 ,8 old fi]ce pride & c\rage disappe>$ & he became docile & g5tle4 ,y & ,i1 my si/]--we are happy6 he w\ld say1 & !n 8 h& w\ld slip out f 8 cov]+s & clasp t ( ! t5d] & fai?ful ,lisbe?4 ,once %e m5tion$ ,wagn] to him4 ,d5 habe i* sehr geliebt6 he said4 ,all 8 old fight+ _s 0 gone4 ,he rememb]$ only ! glad days & ! dreams ( 8 y\?4 ,nietzs*e di$ at ,weim> on ,augu/ #be1 #aijj1 ! imm$iate cause ( dea? be+ pneumonia4 ,8 a%es are buri$ 9 ! little village ( ,rck51 8 bir?place4 #a ,fri$ri* ,nietzs*e 9 se95 ,w]k52 ,vi5na1 #ahid4 #b ,preface to ,morg5rte1 #b2 autumn1 #ahhf4 ,v ,,! ,,philosoph] ,,& ,,! ,,man ,my bro!r1 says ,frau ,fr/]-,nietzs*e1 9 h] biography1 0 /ockily & broadly built & 0 any?+ b ?94 ,he _h a r d>k1 heal?y1 ruddy complexion4 ,9 all ?+s he 0 tidy & ord]ly1 9 spee* he 0 s(t-spok51 & 9 g5]al1 he 0 incl9$ to be s]5e "u all circum/ances4 ,all 9 all1 he 0 ! v anti!sis ( a n]v\s man4 ,9 ! fall ( #ahhh1 he said ( himself1 9 a rem9isc5t memor&um3 ',my blood moves sl[ly4 ,a doctor :o treat$ me a long :ile = :at 0 at fir/ diagnos$ z a n]v\s affection said3 ,no1 y\r tr\ble _c be 9 y\r n]ves4 ,i myself am mu* m n]v\s ?an y4'444 ,my bro!r1 bo? be=e & aft] 8 long illness seiz$ him1 0 a believ] 9 natural me?ods ( heal+4 ,he took cold ba?s1 rubb$ d[n e morn+ & 0 q fai?ful 9 cont9u+ light1 b$-room gymna/ics4 ,at "o "t1 %e says1 ,nietzs*e became a viol5t veget>ian & afflict$ 8 fri5ds ) ! anci5t veget>ian horror ( mak+ a s>cophagus ( "o's /oma*4 ,x seems surpris+ t a man s quick to p]ceive errors1 saw none 9 ! silly argum5t t1 because an ape's organs are design$ = a veget>ian diet1 a man's are s plann$ also4 ,an acqua9tance ) elem5t>y anatomy & physiology w\ld h %[n him ! absurdity ( ?is1 b app>5tly he knew little ab\t ! human body1 despite 8 uncanny skill at une>?+ ! secrets ( ! human m9d4 ,nietzs*e _h read ,em]son 9 8 y\?1 & ^? ,em]sonian se$s :i* h come to full fl[] 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates z ! s-call$ ,new ,?\ght movem5t--) ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce1 o/eopa?y1 m5tal telepa?y1 occultism1 pseudo-psy*ology & t gr& lodge ( cr$ul\s comiques1 ! ,society = ,psy*ical ,rese>*1 z its f9al blossoms--all ( ?is probably made its m>k on ! philosoph] ( ! sup]man1 too4 ,frau ,fr/]-,nietzs*e1 9 h] biography1 seeks to prove ! impossible !sis t h] bro!r1 despite 8 con/ant illness1 0 ev] well-balanc$ 9 m9d4 ,x is b fair to *>ge t h] own evid5ce is aga9/ h]4 ,f 8 y\? onw>d1 ,nietzs*e 0 und\bt$ly a neura/h5ic1 & aft] ! ,franco-,prussian w> he 0 a con/ant suff]] f all sorts ( t]rible ills--"s imag9>y1 no d\bt1 b o!rs real en\gh4 ,9 _m ways1 8 own acc\nt ( 8 symptoms recalls vividly ! long catalogue ( a*es & pa9s giv5 by ,h]b]t ,sp5c] 9 8 autobiography4 ,sp5c] _h que] pa9s 9 8 head & s did ,nietzs*e4 ,sp5c] rov$ ab\t all 8 life 9 se>* ( heal? & s did ,nietzs*e4 ,sp5c]'s work+ h\rs 7 limit$ & s 7 ,nietzs*e's4 ,! latt] tells u himself t1 9 a s+le ye>1 #ahgh1 he 0 disabl$ #aah days by heada*es & pa9s 9 ! eyes4 ,dr4 ,g\ld1 ! prophet ( eye-/ra91 w\ld h u believe t bo? ( ^! great philosoph]s suff]$ because !y _h read too mu* dur+ adolesc5ce4 ,x is m likely1 h[ev]1 t ea* 0 ! victim ( "s def9ite organic malady1 & p]haps ( m ?an "o4 ,9 ,nietzs*e's case ?+s 7 con/antly made worse by 8 fondness = self-m$ication1 t vice ( fools4 ,prep>atory to 8 s]vice z a hospital /ew>d 9 #ahgj he _h att5d$ a brief c\rse ( fir/-aid lectures at ! milit>y hospital at ,erlang51 & !reaft] he reg>d$ himself z a f9i%$ pa?ologi/ & 0 =ev] tak+ 8 own doses4 ,! am\nt ( m$ic9e he ?us swall[$ 0 truly appall+1 & ! only way he c\ld break 8 appetite = "o drug 0 by acquir+ an appetite = ano!r4 ,*loral1 h[ev]1 0 8 favorite1 & t[>d ! end he took x daily & 9 /agg]+ quantities4 ,mean:ile1 8 m5tal di/urbances grew m & m visible4 ,at times he w\ld be highly excit$ & exalt$1 d5\nc+ 8 foes1 & proclaim+ 8 own g5ius4 ,?is 0 8 /ate :5 8 fri5ds 7 f9ally =c$ to put him "u re/ra9t4 ,at o!r times he w\ld %[ symptoms ( melan*olia--a feel+ ( isolation & fri5dlessness1 a great sadness1 a =ebod+ ( dea?4 ,! ho/ility ) :i* 8 books 7 receiv$ gave %>pness & plausibility to ?is mood1 & x pursu$ him ?r\gh _m a despair+ day4 ,an animal1 :5 x is sick1 he wrote to ,b>on von ,seydlitz1 9 #ahhh1 sl9ks away to "s d>k cav]n1 & s1 too1 does ! bte philosophe4 ,i am alone--absurdly alone--& 9 my unfl9*+ & toilsome /ruggle aga9/ all t m5 h hi!rto held sacr$ & v5]able1 ,i h become a sort ( d>k cav]n myself--some?+ hidd5 & my/]i\s1 :i* is n to be explor$4444 ,b ! mood vani%$ z ! words 7 p5n$1 & ! defiant dionysian ro>$ 8 *all5ge at 8 foes4 ,x is n impossible1 he said1 t ,i am ! greate/ philosoph] ( ! c5tury--p]haps ev5 m ?an t6 ,i may be ! decisive & fateful l9k betwe5 two ?\s& c5turies6#a ,max ,nordau#b says t ,nietzs*e 0 crazy f bir?1 b ! facts d n be> him out4 ,x is mu* m reasonable to hold t ! philosoph] came into ! _w a s\nd & heal?y animal1 & t x rema9$ = ov]/udy 9 8 y\?1 ov]-"w & ov] drugg+ lat] on1 exposure on ! battle field1 functional disord]s & con/ant & viol5t /rife to und]m9e & ev5tually ov]?r[ 8 intellect4 ,b if we admit ! indisputable fact t ,nietzs*e di$ a madman & ! equally indisputable fact t 8 insanity 0 n sudd51 b progressive1 we by no means read him out ( c\rt z a ?9k]4 ,a man's reason+ is to be judg$1 n by 8 physical condition1 b by its own +5uity & accuracy4 ,if a rav+ maniac says t twice two make f\r1 x is j z true z x w\ld be if ,pope ,pius ,x or any o!r und\bt$ly sane man 7 to ma9ta9 x4 ,judg$ 9 ?is way ,nietzs*e's philosophy is v f> f insane4 ,lat] on we %all consid] x z a workable sy/em1 & po9t out its app>5t tru?s & app>5t errors1 b 9 no place 7sav+1 p]haps1 "o7 is 8 argum5t to be dismiss$ z ! phantasm ( a lunatic4 ,nietzs*e's si/] says t1 9 ! practical affairs ( life1 ! philosoph] 0 absurdly impractical4 ,he c>$ no?+ = money & dur+ ! bett] "p ( 8 life _h little ne$ to d s4 ,8 "m1 = a c\ntry pa/or's wid[1 0 well-to-d1 & :5 he 0 tw5ty-five 8 pr(essor%ip at ,basel br\ght him #c1jjj francs a ye>4 ,at ,basel1 9 ! late sixties1 #c1jjj francs 0 ! income ( an indep5d5t1 n to say opul5t man4 ,nietzs*e 0 a ba*elor & liv$ v simply4 ,x 0 only ^u books & music & travel t he 0 extravagant4 ,aft] two ye>s' s]vice at ,basel1 ! univ]sity au?orities rais$ 8 wage to #d1jjj francs1 & 9 #ahgi1 :5 ill heal? =c$ him to resign1 !y gave him a p5sion ( #c1jjj francs a ye>4 ,besides t1 he inh]it$ #cj1jjj m>ks f "o ( 8 aunts1 & s1 altoge!r1 he _h an income ( #ijj or #a1jjj a ye>--! sum :i* ,h]b]t ,sp5c] reg>d$1 all 8 life1 z an insurance ( p]fect tranquillity & happ9ess4 ,nietzs*e's passion & dissipation1 ?r\gh\t 8 life1 0 music4 ,9 all 8 books musical t]ms & figures ( spee* are con/antly enc\nt]$4 ,he play$ ! piano v well1 inde$1 & 0 especially fond ( p]=m+ transcriptions ( ! ,wagn] op]a scores4 ,my ?ree solaces1 he wrote home f ,leipsic1 are ,s*op5hau]'s philosophy1 ,s*umann's music & solit>y walks4 ,9 8 late y\?1 ,wagn] engross$ him1 b 8 sympa?ies 7 broad en\gh to include ,ba*1 ,s*ub]t & ,m5delssohn4 ,8 admiration = ! la/ nam$1 9 fact1 help$ to ali5ate him f ,wagn]1 :o reg>d$ ! ,m5delssohn s*eme ( ?+s z unspeakable4 ,nietzs*e's own compositions 7 decid$ly heavy & s*ola/ic4 ,he 0 a skillful h>moni/ & contrapuntali/1 b 8 musical ideas lack$ life4 ,into ! simple/ songs he introduc$ h>% & f>-fet*$ modulations4 ,! music ( ,ri*>d ,/rauss1 :o pr(esses to be 8 disciple & has f\nd inspiration 9 8 ,also spra* ,z>a?u/ra w\ld h delight$ him4 ,/rauss has a*iev$ ! uncanny feat ( writ+ 9 two keys at once4 ,su* an ef=t w\ld h enli/$ ,nietzs*e's ke5 int]e/4 ,all ! same1 8 music 0 n a m]e creature ( ! /udy & ( rules1 & we h evid5ce t he 0 frequ5tly inspir$ to composition by bur/s ( /rong emotion4 ,on 8 way to ! ,franco-,prussian w>1 he wrote a patriotic song1 words & music1 on ! tra94 ,he call$ x ,adieu6 ,i ,mu/ ,g6 & arrang$ x = m5's *orus1 a capella4 ,x w\ld be wor? :ile to he> a ,g]man mnn]*or1 ) its high1 be]y t5ors1 & pond]\s basses1 s+ ?is curi\s composition4 ,c]ta9ly no m grotesque music 0 ev] put on pap] by mortal man4 ,mu* has be5 writt5 by v>i\s comm5tators ab\t ! /range *>m ( ,nietzs*e's prose /yle4 ,he 01 inde$1 a ma/] ( ! ,g]man language1 b ?is ma/]y 0 n inborn4 ,l ,sp5c] he made a delib]ate ef=t1 e>ly 9 life1 to acquire ease & =ce 9 writ+4 ,8 success 0 f> great] ?an ,sp5c]'s4 ,t[>d ! end--9 ,d] ,anti*ri/1 = in/ance--he atta9$ a degree ( p[]ful & conv9c+ utt]ance almo/ comp>able to ,huxley's4 ,b 8 /yle nev] exhibit$ q t wond]ful air ( cle>ness1 ( utt] c]ta9ty1 ( inevitabl5ess :i* makes ! ,lay ,s]mons s trem5d\sly impressive4 ,nietzs*e 0 ev] ne>] to ,c>lyle ?an to ,addison4 ,8 /yle1 says a writ] 9 ! ,a!num1 is a %[] ( sp>ks1 :i* scatt]1 l fireworks1 all ov] ! sky4 ,my s5se = =m1 says ,nietzs*e himself1 awak5$ on my com+ 9 contact ) ,sallu/4 ,lat] on he /udi$ ! great ,fr5* /yli/s1 p>ticul>ly ,l>o*ef\cauld1 & le>n$ mu* f !m4 ,he became a ma/] ( ! aphorism & ! epigram1 & ?is skill1 v naturally1 l$ him to desc5d1 n[ & !n1 to m]e viol5ce & invective4 ,he call$ 8 oppon5ts all sorts ( h>% names--li>1 sw9dl]1 c\nt]feit]1 ox1 ass1 snake & ?ief4 ,:atev] he _h to say1 he hamm]$ 9 ) gigantic bl[s1 & to ! accompanim5t ( fe>some bell[+ & grimac+4 ,n]v\s1 vivid & picturesques1 full ( fire & a spl5did vitality1 says "o critic1 8 /yle fla%$ & coruscat$ l a gl[+ flame1 & _h a sort ( di?yrambic movem5t t at times recalls ! sw+ ( ! ,p9d>ic odes4 ,naturally1 ?is v ab&on made 8 poetry =mless & grotesque4 ,he scorn$ metres & rhymes & rag$ on 9 %e] savag]y4 ,read+ 8 v]ses "o is =c$ irresi/ibly into ! ?\ght t !y %\ld be pr9t$ 9 v>i$ fonts ( type & 9 a doz5 brilliant inks4 ,nietzs*e nev] m>ri$1 b he 0 by no means a misogyni/4 ,8 si/] tells u1 inde$1 t he made a =mal proposal ( m>riage to a "y ,dut* woman1 ,frule9 ,tr----1 at ,g5eva 9 #ahgf1 & ! /ory ( 8 melodramatic affair ) ,mlle4 ,l\ ,salom1 six ye>s lat]1 0 briefly rehe>s$ 9 ! la/ *apt]4 ,!re 7 also o!r wom5 9 8 life1 e>ly & late1 & c]ta9 sc&al-mong]s d n hesitate to accuse him ( a passion = ,cosima ,wagn]1 app>5tly on ! gr\nd t he wrote to h]1 9 8 la/ mad days1 ,ariadne1 ,i love !e6 ,b 8 int5tions 7 seldom s]i\s4 ,ev5 :5 he pursu$ ,mlle4 ,salom f ,rome to ,leipsic & qu>rell$ ) 8 si/] ab\t h]1 & ?reat5$ poor ,re ) fire-arms1 !re is good reason to believe t he %i$ at bell & book4 ,8 proposal1 9 brief1 0 r "o ( a free union ?an "o ( m>riage4 ,= ! re/1 he kept safely to impossible flirtations4 ,dur+ all 8 w&]+s he 0 mu* pett$ by ! belles ( pump room & hotel p>lor1 n only because he 0 a my/]i\s & romantic look+ fell[1 b also because 8 philosophy 0 ?\ght to be blasphem\s & indec5t1 p>ticul>ly by ^? :o knew no?+ ab\t x4 ,b ! fair admir]s he s+l$ out 7 ei!r securely m>ri$ or hopelessly antique4 ,= me to m>ry1 he soliloquiz$ 9 #ahhg1 w\ld probably be %e] as99ity4 ,!re are s5tim5tal critics :o hold t ,nietzs*e's utt] lack ( g5iality 0 due to 8 lack ( a wife4 ,a good woman--alike beautiful & s5sible--w\ld h rescu$ him1 !y say1 f 8 gloomy fancies4 ,he w\ld h exp&$ & mell[$ 9 ! sun%9e ( h] smiles1 & *ildr5 w\ld h civiliz$ him4 ,! defect 9 ?is !ory lies 9 ! fact t philosoph]s d n seem to fl\ri% amid sc5es ( connubial joy4 ,high ?9k+1 x w\ld appe>1 presupposes bo>d+ h\se f>e & hall b$-rooms4 ,sp9oza1 mun*+ 8 solit>y h]r+ up 8 desolate back/airs1 makes a picture t pa9s u1 p]haps1 b x mu/ be admitt$ t x also satisfies our s5se ( et]nal fitness4 ,a m>ri$ ,sp9oza1 ) two sons at college1 ano!r manag+ ! family l5s bus9ess1 a daught] busy ) h] tr\sseau & a wife gr[+ qu]ul\s & fat--! vision1 alas1 is prepo/]\s1 outrage\s & impossible6 ,we mu/ ?9k ( philosoph]s z be+s alone b n lonesome4 ,a m>ri$ ,s*op5hau] or ,kant or ,nietzs*e w\ld be un?9kable4 ,t a v5ture into matrimony might h some:at modifi$ ,nietzs*e's view ( womank9d is n at all improbable1 b t ?is *ange w\ld h be5 9 ! direction ( great] accuracy does n foll[4 ,he w\ld h be5 ei!r a ridicul\sly h5peck$ slave or a viol5t dome/ic tyrant4 ,z a ba*elor he 0 comp>atively well-to-d1 b ) a wife & *ildr5 8 ?\s& a ye> w\ld h meant g5teel begg>y4 ,8 si/] _h h] own income & h] own affairs4 ,:5 he ne$$ h]1 %e 0 ev] at 8 side1 b :5 8 work+ fits 7 ^u him--:5 he felt effici5t & self-suffici5t--%e discreetly disappe>$4 ,a wife's con/ant pres5ce1 day 9 & day out1 w\ld h irritat$ him beyond measure or r$uc$ him to a /ate ( compliance & slo?4 ,nietzs*e himself s\ght to %[1 9 m ?an "o place1 t a man ^: :ole exi/5ce 0 color$ by "o woman w\ld inevitably acquire "s trace ( h] fem99e outlook1 & s lose 8 own sure vision4 ,! ideal /ate = a philosoph]1 inde$1 is celibacy temp]$ by polygamy4 ,he mu/ /udy wom51 b he mu/ be free1 :5 he pleases1 to close 8 note book & g away & dige/ its cont5ts ) an op5 m9d4 ,t[>d ! end ( 8 life1 :5 increas+ illness made him helpless1 ,nietzs*e's fai?ful si/] took ! place ( wife & "m 9 8 cl\d+ _w4 ,%e made a home = him & %e sat by & wat*$ him4 ,!y talk$ = h\rs--,nietzs*e propp$ up ) pill[s1 8 old rudd9ess fad$ into a dea?ly :ite1 & 8 ,niag>a ( a m\/a*e %[+ d>k aga9/ 8 pallid sk94 ,!y talk$ ( ,naumburg & ! days ( long ago & ! fi]y prophet ( ! sup]man became simple ,bro!r ,fritz4 ,we are apt to =get t a great man is ?us n only great1 b also a man3 t a philosoph]1 9 a life "t1 sp5ds less h\rs pond]+ ! de/9y ( ! race ?an he gives ov] to wond]+ if x w ra9 tomorr[ & to m$itat+ ^u ! t\ghness ( /eaks1 ! du/9ess ( roads1 ! /uff9ess ( railway coa*es & ! brig&age ( gas companies4 ,nietzs*e's si/] 0 ! only human be+ t ev] saw him intimately1 z a wife might h se5 him4 ,h] affection = him 0 p]fect & h] influ5ce ov] him p]fect1 too4 ,love & und]/&+1 fai? & g5tl5ess--^! are ! ?+s :i* make wom5 ! angels ( joy\s illusion4 ,lisbe?1 ! calm & tru/+1 _h all 9 b\ndless ri*ness4 ,!re 01 inde$1 some?+ noble1 & almo/ holy 9 ! eag]ness ) :i* %e s\ght h] bro!r's com=t & peace ( m9d dur+ 8 days ( /ress & /orm1 & magnifi$ 8 virtues aft] he 0 gone4 #a ,?omas ,common3 ,nietzs*e z ,critic1 ,philosoph]1 ,poet & ,prophet2 ,london1 #aija1 p4 #ed4 #b ,deg5]ation2 ,eng4 tr43 ,new ,york1 #ahie2 pp4 #dae-dga4 ,,nietzs*e ,,! ,,philosoph] ,i ,,dionysus ,,v]sus ,,apollo ,9 "o ( ! prec$+ *apt]s ,nietzs*e's !ory ( ,greek trag$y 0 giv5 9 outl9e & its dep5d5ce ^u ! data ( ,s*op5hau]'s philosophy 0 indicat$4 ,x is n[ 9 ord] to exam9e ?is !ory a bit m closely & to trace out its orig9 & developm5t ) great] dwell+ ^u detail4 ,9 itself x is ( int]e/ only z a /ep =w>d 9 ! art ( lit]>y criticism1 b 9 its influ5ce ^u ,nietzs*e's ultimate inquiries x has color$1 to a measurable ext5t1 ! :ole /ream ( mod]n ?\ght4 ,s*op5hau] laid d[n1 z 8 c>d9al pr9ciple1 x w be recall$1 ! idea t1 9 all ! complex :irlpool ( ph5om5a we call human life1 ! m]e w to survive is at ! bottom ( ev]y?+1 & t intellig5ce1 despite its seem+ k+%ip 9 civilization1 is no?+ m1 aft] all1 ?an a second>y manife/ation ( ?is prim>y w4 ,9 c]ta9 purely artificial situations1 x may seem to u t reason /&s alone 7z :51 = example1 we essay to solve an ab/ract problem 9 ma!matics71 b 9 ev]y?+ gr[+ out ( our relations z human be+s1 "o to ! o!r1 ! old in/9ct ( race-&-self-pres]vation is pla9ly disc]nible4 ,all ( our acts1 :5 !y are n bas$ obvi\sly & directly ^u our ye>n+ to eat & take our ease & beget our k9d1 are f\nd$ ^u our desire to appe> sup]ior1 9 "s way or o!r1 to our fell[ m5 ab\t u1 & ?is desire = sup]iority1 r$uc$ to its l[e/ t]ms1 is m]ely a desire to face ! /ruggle = exi/5ce--to eat & beget--"u m favorable conditions ?an ^? ! _w accords ! av]age man4 ,happ9ess is ! feel+ t p[] increases--t resi/ance is be+ ov]come4#a ,nietzs*e w5t to ,basel firmly conv9c$ t ^! fundam5tal ideas ( ,s*op5hau] 7 pr(\ndly true1 ?\gh he soon essay$ to make an am5dm5t to !m4 ,?is am5dm5t consi/$ 9 *ang+ ,s*op5hau]'s w to live into w to p[]4 ,t :i* does n live1 he argu$1 _c ex]cise a w to live1 & :5 a ?+ is already 9 exi/5ce1 h[ c x /rive aft] exi/5ce8 ,nietzs*e voic$ ! argum5t _m times1 b its vacuity is app>5t ^u brief inspection4 ,he />t$ out1 9 fact1 ) an incr$ibly clumsy mis9t]pretation ( ,s*op5hau]'s phrase4 ,! philosoph] ( pessimism1 :5 he said w to live obvi\sly meant1 n w to beg9 liv+1 b w to cont9ue liv+4 ,n[1 ?is w to cont9ue liv+1 if we are to accept words at _! usual mean+1 is pla9ly id5tical1 9 e respect1 ) ,nietzs*e's w to p[]4 ,!re=e1 ,nietzs*e's am5dm5t 0 no?+ m ?an ! co9age ( a new phrase to express an old idea4 ,! unity ( ! two philosoph]s & ! id5tity ( ! two phrases are prov$ a ?\s& times by ,nietzs*e's own disc\rses4 ,l ,s*op5hau] he believ$ t all human ideas 7 ! direct products ( ! unconsci\s & unceas+ ef=t ( all liv+ creatures to rema9 alive4 ,l ,s*op5hau] he believ$ t ab/ract ideas1 9 man1 arose out ( concrete ideas1 & t ! latt] arose out ( exp]i5ce1 :i*1 9 turn1 0 no?+ m or less ?an an ord]$ remembrance ( ! results foll[+ an endless s]ies ( endeavors to meet ! conditions ( exi/5ce & s survive4 ,l ,s*op5hau]1 he believ$ t ! crim9al laws1 ! poetry1 ! cook]y & ! religion ( a race 7 alike expressions ( ?is unconsci\s grop+ = ! l9e ( lea/ resi/ance4 ,z a philologi/1 ,nietzs*e's int]e/1 v naturally1 0 fix$ ^u ! lit]ature ( ,greece & ,rome1 & s x 0 b natural t 8 fir/ te/s ( ,s*op5hau]'s doctr9es %\ld be made 9 t field4 ,"s "t be=e ?is1 he _h ask$ himself 7z _m ano!r man _h ask$ be=e him7 :y x 0 t ! anci5t ,greeks1 :o 7 an effici5t & vigor\s p1 liv+ 9 a gre5 & sunny l&1 %\ld s delight 9 gloomy trag$ies4 ,"o w\ld fancy t a ,greek1 :5 he set out to sp5d a pleasant aft]noon1 w\ld seek ent]ta9m5t t 0 frivol\s & gay4 ,b in/ead1 he (t5 pref]r$ to see "o ( ! plays ( ,!spis1 s*ylus1 ,phryni*us or ,prat9us1 9 :i* ! h]oes f\ght hopeless battles ) fate & di$ mis]ably1 9 wret*$ness & despair4 ,nietzs*e conclud$ t ! ,greeks _h ?is lik+ = trag$y because x seem$ to !m to set =?1 tru?fully & und]/&ably1 ! conditions ( life z !y f\nd x3 t x appe>$ to !m z a reasonable & accurate picture ( human exi/5ce4 ,! gods ord]$ ! drama on ! real /age ( ! _w2 ! dramati/ ord]$ ! drama on ! mimic /age ( ! !atre--& ! latt] atta9$ cr$ibility & v]isimilitude 9 proportion z x approa*$ an exact imitation or reproduction ( ! =m]4 ,nietzs*e saw t ?is quality ( realism 0 ! ess5ce ( all /age plays4 ,only ins(> z ! dramati/1 he said1 coalesces ) ! primordial dramati/ ( ! _w1 does he rea* ! true function ( 8 craft4#b ,man posits himself z ! /&>d4444 ,a race _c d o!rwise ?an ?us acquiesce 9 itself4#c ,9 o!r words1 man is int]e/$ 9 no?+ :atev] t has no be>+ ^u 8 own fate3 he himself is 8 own h]o4 ,?us ! anci5t ,greeks 7 fond ( trag$y because x reflect$ _! life 9 m9iature4 ,9 ! mighty w>riors :o /alk$ ! bo>ds & defi$ ! gods ea* ,greek recogniz$ himself4 ,9 ! conflicts on ! /age he saw replicas ( t titanic conflict :i* seem$ to him to be ! et]nal ess5ce ( human exi/5ce4 ,b :y did ! ,greeks reg>d life z a conflict8 ,9 seek+ an answ] to ?is ,nietzs*e /udi$ ! gr[? ( _! civilization & ( _! race ideas4 ,^! race ideas1 z among all o!r peoples1 7 visualiz$ & cry/alliz$ 9 ! qualities1 virtues & op9ions attribut$ to ! racial gods4 ,!re=e1 ,nietzs*e und]took an inquiry into ! nature ( ! gods set up by ! ,greeks1 & p>ticul>ly into ! nature ( ! two gods :o controll$ ! g5]al s*eme ( ,greek life1 &1 9 consequ5ce1 ( ,greek art1--= art1 z we h se51 is no?+ m or less ?an a race's view or op9ion ( itself1 i4e4 an expression ( ! ?+s x sees & ! conclusions x draws :5 x obs]ves & consid]s itself4 ,^! gods 7 ,apollo & ,dionysus4 ,apollo1 accord+ to ! ,greeks1 0 ! inv5tor ( music1 poetry & oratory1 & z su*1 became ! god ( all art4 ,"u 8 b5efic5t sway ! ,greeks became a race ( arti/s & acquir$ all ! ref9em5t & culture t ?is implies4 ,b ! art t he taught !m 0 ess5tially contemplative & subjective4 ,x depict$1 n s mu* ?+s z !y 71 z ?+s z !y _h be54 ,?us x became a m]e record1 & z su*1 exhibit$ repose z its *ief quality4 ,:e!r x 7 express$ z sculpture1 ar*itecture1 pa9t+ or epic poetry1 ?is elem5t ( repose1 or ( action translat$ into repose1 0 upp]mo/4 ,a pa9t+ ( a man runn+1 no matt] h[ vividly x sugge/s ! vitality & activity ( ! runn]1 is itself a ?+ in]t & lifeless4 ,ar*itecture1 no matt] h[ mu* its curves sugge/ motion & its h>d l9es ! /r5g? :i* may be translat$ into en]gy1 is itself a ?+ immovable4 ,poetry1 s long z x takes ! =m ( ! epic & is ?us m]ely a *ronicle ( pa/ actions1 is z lifeless1 at bottom1 z a tax li/4 ,! ,greeks1 dur+ ,apollo's reign z god ( art1 ?us turn$ art into a m]e in]t fossil or record--a record ei!r ( human life itself or ( ! emotions :i* ! vicissitudes ( life ar\se 9 ! spectator4 ,?is notion ( art 0 reflect$ 9 _! :ole civilization4 ,!y became s+]s ( songs & weav]s ( metaphysical webs r ?an do]s ( de$s1 & ! man :o c\ld c>ve a fl[] 0 m honor$ among !m ?an ! man :o c\ld gr[ "o4 ,9 brief1 !y began to deg5]ate & g /ale4 ,great m5 & great ideas grew few4 ,!y 7 on ! d[nw>d road4 ,:at !y ne$$1 ( c\rse1 0 ! %ock ( contact ) "s b>b>\s1 primitive p--an infusion ( good r$ blood f "s race t 0 /ill fight+ = its daily bread & _h _h no "t to gr[ contemplative & retrospective & fat4 ,?is infusion ( r$ blood came 9 good "t1 b in/ead ( com+ f )\t 7z x did ye>s aft]w>d 9 ,rome1 :5 ! ,go?s swoop$ d[n f ! ,nor?71 x came f )94 ,t is to say1 !re 0 no actual invasion ( b>b>ian hordes1 b m]ely an auto-rev]sion to simpl] & m primitive ideas1 :i* fann$ ! dormant en]gy ( ! ,greeks into flame & s all[$ !m to accompli% _! own salvation4 ,?is impulse came 9 ! =m ( a sudd5 craze = a new god--,bac*us ,dionysus4 ,bac*us 0 a rude1 boi/]\s fell[ & ! v anti!sis ( ! quiet1 contemplative ,apollo4 ,we rememb] him today m]ely z ! god ( w9e1 b 9 8 "t he /ood1 n only = dr9k+ & c>\s+1 b also = a :ole sy/em ( art & a :ole notion ( civilization4 ,apollo repres5t$ ! life m$itative2 ,bac*us ,dionysus repres5t$ ! life /r5u\s4 ,! "o favor$ ^? =ms ( art by :i* human exi/5ce is halt$ & embalm$ 9 "s lifeless m$ium--sculpture1 ar*itecture1 pa9t+ or epic poetry4 ,! o!r 0 ! god ( life 9 process ( actual be+1 & s /ood = ^? =ms ( art :i* are n m]e records or reflections ( pa/ exi/5ce1 b brief snat*es ( pres5t exi/5ce itself--danc+1 s++1 music & ! drama4 ,x w be se5 t ?is b>b>\s invasion ( ! new god & 8 m9ions made a pr(\nd *ange 9 ! :ole ( ,greek culture4 ,in/ead ( devot+ _! "t to writ+ epics1 prais+ ! laws1 splitt+ philosophical hairs & hew+ dead m>ble1 ! ,greeks began to "q all ?+s made & orda9$ & to indulge 9 riot\s & gorge\s orgies1 9 :i* ?\s&s ( maid5s danc$ & hundr$s ( poets *ant$ songs ( love & w>1 & musicians vi$ ) cooks & v9tn]s to make a gr& delirium ( joy4 ,! result 0 t ! entire outlook ( ! ,greeks1 ^u hi/ory1 ^u morality & ^u human life1 0 *ang$4 ,once a p ( l(ty introspection & elegant repose1 !y became a race ( viol5t activity & /rong emotions4 ,!y began to devote !mselves1 n to writ+ d[n ! praises ( exi/5ce z !y _h f\nd x1 b to ! task ( improv+ life & ( wid5+ ! scope ( pres5t & future human activity & ! b\nds ( possible human happ9ess4#d ,b 9 "t !re came a reaction & ,apollo once m triumph$4 ,he reign$ = a:ile1 un/eadily & unc]ta9ly1 & !n1 aga91 ! p5dulum swung to ! o!r side4 ,?us ! ,greeks sway$ f "o god to ! o!r4 ,dur+ ,apollo's p]iods ( asc5dancy !y 7 contemplative & imag9ative1 & man1 to !m1 seem$ to rea* 8 l(tie/ heights :5 he 0 mo/ ! hi/orian4 ,b :5 ,dionysus 0 _! be/-belov$1 !y bubbl$ ov] ) ! joy ( life1 & man seem$1 n an hi/orian1 b a mak] ( hi/ory--n an arti/1 b a "w ( art4 ,9 ! end1 !y v]g$ t[>d a safe middle gr\nd & began to weigh1 ) cool & calm1 ! ideas repres5t$ by ! two gods4 ,:5 !y _h done s1 !y came to ! conclusion t x 0 n well to give !mselves unres]v$ly to ei!r4 ,to atta9 ! highe/ happ9ess1 !y decid$1 humanity requir$ a da% ( bo?4 ,!re 0 ne$ 9 ! _w = dionysians1 to give vitality an outlet & life a purpose1 & !re 0 ne$1 too1 = apollonians1 to build life's monum5ts & read its lessons4 ,!y f\nd t true civilization meant con/ant conflict betwe5 ! two--betwe5 ! dream] & ! man ( action1 betwe5 ! arti/ :o builds temples & ! soldi] :o burns !m d[n1 betwe5 ! prie/ & policeman :o insi/ ^u ! p]man5ce ( laws & cu/oms z !y are & ! crim9al & re=m] & conqu]or :o insi/ t !y be *ang$4 ,:5 !y _h le>n$ ?is lesson1 ! ,greeks began to so> to heights ( culture & civilization t1 9 ! pa/1 _h be5 utt]ly beyond !m1 & s long z !y ma9ta9$ ! balance betwe5 ,apollo & ,dionysus !y cont9u$ to advance4 ,b n[ & aga91 "o god or ! o!r grew /rong]1 & !n !re 0 a halt4 ,:5 ,apollo _h ! upp] h&1 ,greece became too contemplative & too placid4 ,:5 ,dionysus 0 ! victor1 ,greece became wild & ?\ghtless & c>eless ( ! desires ( o!rs1 & s turn$ a bit t[>d b>b>ism4 ,?is seesaw+ cont9u$ = a long :ile1 b ,apollo 0 ! f9al victor--if victor he may be call$4 ,9 ! et]nal /ruggle = exi/5ce ,greece became a m]e look]-on4 ,h] highe/ honors w5t to ,socrates1 a man :o tri$ to r$uce all life to syllogisms4 ,h] favorite sons 7 rhetoricians1 dialecticians & philosophical cobweb-sp9n]s4 ,%e plac$ ideas above de$s4 ,& 9 ! end1 z all /ud5ts ( hi/ory "k1 ! /ate t once rul$ ! _w desc5d$ to s5ility & decay1 & dionysians f )\t ov]ran x1 & x p]i%$ 9 an>*y & c>nage4 ,b ) ?is we h no?+ to d4 ,nietzs*e notic$ t trag$y 0 mo/ popul> 9 ,greece dur+ ! be/ days ( ! c\ntry's culture1 :5 ,apollo & ,dionysus 7 prop]ly balanc$1 "o aga9/ ! o!r4 ,?is ideal balanc+ betwe5 ! two gods 0 ! result1 he conclud$1 n ( consci\s1 b ( unconsci\s impulses4 ,t is to say1 ! ,greeks did n call p>liam5ts & discuss ! matt]1 z !y might h discuss$ a "q ( taxes1 b act$ entirely 9 ob$i5ce to _! racial in/9ct4 ,?is in/9ct--?is w to live or desire = p[]--l$ !m to feel1 )\t putt+ x into words1 or ev51 = a:ile1 into def9ite ?\ghts1 t !y 7 happie/ & safe/ & mo/ vigor\s1 & s be/ able to pres]ve _! national exi/5ce1 :5 !y kept to ! gold5 mean4 ,!y didn't reason x out2 !y m]ely felt x4 ,b z ,s*op5hau] %[s u1 in/9ct1 long ex]cis$1 means exp]i5ce1 & ! memory ( exp]i5ce1 9 ! end1 cry/allizes into :at we call intellig5ce or reason4 ,?us ! unconsci\s ,greek feel+ t ! gold5 mean be/ s]v$ ! race1 f9ally took ! =m ( an idea3 i4e4 t human life 0 an endless conflict betwe5 two =ces1 or impulses4 ,^!1 z ! ,greeks saw !m1 7 ! dionysian impulse to de/roy1 to burn ! c&le1 to use up life2 & ! apollonian impulse to pres]ve4 ,see+ life 9 ?is light1 x 0 b natural t ! ,greeks %\ld try to exhibit x 9 ! same light on _! /age4 ,& s _! trag$ies 7 inv>iably f\nd$ ^u "s deadly & un5d+ conflict--usually betwe5 a human h]o & ! gods4 ,9 a ^w1 !y made _! /age plays set =? life z !y saw x & f\nd x1 =1 l all o!r human be+s1 at all times & ev]y:]e1 !y 7 m int]e/$ 9 life z !y f\nd x ?an 9 any?+ else on ! e>? bel[ or 9 ! va/y void above4 ,:5 ,nietzs*e _h work$ out ?is !ory ( ,greek trag$y & ( ,greek life1 he set out1 at once1 to apply x to mod]n civilization1 to see if x c\ld expla9 c]ta9 ideas ( ! pres5t z satisfactorily z x _h expla9$ "o great idea ( ! pa/4 ,he f\nd t x c\ld3 t m5 7 /ill torn betwe5 ! apollonian impulse to con=m & moralize & ! dionysian impulse to exploit & explore4 ,he f\nd t all mank9d might be divid$ into two classes3 ! apollonians :o /ood = p]man5ce & ! dionysians :o /ood = *ange4 ,x 0 ! aim ( ! =m] to live 9 /rict ob$i5ce to c]ta9 inv>iable rules1 :i* f\nd expression z religion1 law & morality4 ,x 0 ! aim ( ! latt] to live "u ! mo/ favorable conditions possible2 to adapt !mselves to *ang+ circum/ances1 & to avoid ! sn>es ( artificial1 p]man5t rules4 ,nietzs*e believ$ t an ideal human society w\ld be "o 9 :i* ^! two classes ( m5 7 ev5ly balanc$--9 :i* a va/1 in]t1 religi\s1 moral slave class /ood b5ea? a small1 al]t1 iconocla/ic1 immoral1 progressive ma/] class4 ,he held t ?is ma/] class--?is ari/ocracy ( effici5cy--%\ld reg>d ! slave class z all m5 n[ reg>d ! tribe ( dome/ic bea/s3 z an ord] ( s]vitors to be exploit$ & turn$ to acc\nt4 ,! ari/ocracy ( ,europe1 ?\gh x s\ght to d ?is ) respect to ! work]s ( ,europe1 seem$ to him to fail mis]ably1 because x 0 itself lack+ 9 true effici5cy4 ,in/ead ( practis+ a magnific5t opportunism & s adapt+ itself to *ang+ conditions1 x /ood = =malism & p]man5ce4 ,its feti% 0 prop]ty 9 l& & ! wor%ip ( ?is feti% _h got x into su* a rut t x 0 becom+ less & less fitt$ to survive1 & 01 inde$1 fa/ s9k+ into helpless p>asitism4 ,its :ole color & complexion 7 ess5tially apollonic4#e ,!re=e ,nietzs*e prea*$ ! gospel ( ,dionysus1 t a new ari/ocracy ( effici5cy might take ! place ( ?is old ari/ocracy ( memories & inh]it$ glories4 ,he believ$ t x 0 only 9 ?is way t mank9d c\ld hope to =ge ahead4 ,he believ$ t !re 0 ne$ 9 ! _w = a class fre$ f ! h&icap ( law & morality1 a class acutely adaptable & immoral2 a class b5t on a*iev+1 n ! equality ( all m51 b ! production1 at ! top1 ( ! sup]man4 #a ,d] ,anti*ri/1 #b4 #b ,die ,geburt d] ,tragdie1 #e4 #c ,gtz5dmm]ung ix1 #ai4 #d ,?is enri*m5t ( consci\sness among ! ,greeks 444 %[$ itself fir/ 9 ! developm5t ( lyric poetry1 9 :i* ! gradual transition f ! expression ( univ]sal religi\s & political feel+ to t :i* is p]sonal & individual =m$ a typical process4 ,dr4 ,wilhelm ,w9delb&1 ,a ,hi/ory ( ,anci5t ,philosophy1 tr4 by ,h4 ,e4 ,cu%man2 p4 #ah2 ,new ,york1 #aija4 #e ,vide ! *apt] on ,civilization4 ,,ii ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,morality ,x may be urg$ ) "s reason1 by ^? :o h read ! prec$+ *apt] c>efully1 t ! ,nietzs*ean argum5t1 s f>1 has s]v$ only to br+ u face to face ) a s]i\s contradiction4 ,we h be5 ask$ to believe t all human impulses are m]ely expressions ( ! prim>y in/9ct to pres]ve life by meet+ ! *ang+ conditions ( exi/5ce1 & 9 ! same brea? we h be5 ask$ to believe1 too1 t ! apollonian idea--:i*1 l all o!r ideas1 mu/ necess>ily be a result ( ?is in/9ct--de/roys adaptability & s t5ds to make life extra haz>d\s & difficult & progress impossible4 ,"h we h our contradiction3 ! w to live is a*iev+1 n life1 b dea?4 ,h[ are we to expla9 x away8 ,h[ are we to acc\nt = ! fact t ! apollonian idea at ! bottom ( ,*ri/ian morality1 = example1 despite its orig9 9 ! w to live1 has an obvi\s t5d5cy to combat free progress8 ,h[ are we to acc\nt = ! fact t ! *ur*1 :i* is bas$ ^u ?is ,*ri/ian morality1 is1 always has be5 & ev] w be a bitt] & implacable foe ( good heal?1 intellectual fre$om1 self-def5se & e o!r ess5tial factor ( effici5cy8 ,nietzs*e answ]s ?is by po9t+ out t an idea1 :ile und\bt$ly an effect or expression ( ! prim>y life in/9ct1 is by no means id5tical ) x4 ,! latt] manife/s itself 9 widely diff]5t acts z conditions *ange3 x is necess>ily opportuni/ic & v>iable4 ,! =m]1 on ! contr>y1 has a t5d5cy to survive un*ang$1 ev5 aft] its tru? is trans=m$ into falsity4 ,t is to say1 an idea :i* arises f a true & heal?y in/9ct may survive long aft] ?is in/9ct itself1 9 consequ5ce ( ! *ang+ conditions ( exi/5ce1 has disappe>$ & giv5 place to an in/9ct diametrically opposite4 ,?is survival ( ideas we call morality4 ,by its op]ation ! human race is frequ5tly saddl$ ) ! notions ( g5]ations long dead & =gott54 ,?us we mod]n ,*ri/ians /ill subscribe to ! apollonian morality ( ! anci5t ,jews--our moral =ebe>s--despite ! fact t _! ideas 7 evolv$ "u conditions va/ly diff]5t f ^? :i* confront u today4 ,?us ! expressions ( ! life in/9ct1 by obta9+ an artificial & unnatural p]man5ce1 turn ^u ! in/9ct itself & defeat its b5efic5t purpose4 ,?us our contradiction is expla9$4 ,to make ?is r complicat$ reason+ m cle> x is necess>y to foll[ ,nietzs*e ?r\gh ! devi\s twi/s & w9d+s ( 8 exhau/ive inquiry into ! orig9 ( moral codes4 ,9 mak+ ?is inquiry he tri$ to rid himself ( all consid]ations ( au?ority & rev]5ce1 j z a surgeon1 9 p]=m+ a difficult & pa9ful op]ation1 tries to rid himself ( all sympa?y & emotion4 ,adopt+ ?is plan1 he f\nd t a code ( morals 0 no?+ m ?an a sy/em ( cu/oms1 laws & ideas :i* _h its orig9 9 ! in/9ctive desire ( "s def9ite race to live "u conditions :i* be/ subs]v$ its own welf>e4 ,! morality ( ! ,egyptians1 he f\nd1 0 "o ?+1 & ! morality ( ! ,go?s 0 ano!r4 ,! reason = ! diff]5ce lay 9 ! fact t ! environm5t ( ! ,egyptians--! climate ( _! l&1 ! nature ( _! food supply & ! *>act]i/ics ( ! peoples surr\nd+ !m--diff]$ f ! environm5t ( ! ,go?s4 ,! morality ( ea* race 01 9 brief1 its cons5sus ( in/9ct1 & once hav+ =mulat$ x & f\nd x good1 ea* s\ght to give x =ce & p]man5ce4 ,?is 0 accompli%$ by putt+ x into ! m\?s ( ! gods4 ,:at 0 once a m]e expression ( in/9ct ?us became ! m&ate ( a div9e law-giv]4 ,:at 0 once a m]e attempt to meet imm95t--& usually tempor>y--conditions ( exi/5ce1 ?us became a code ( rules to be obey$ =ev]1 no matt] h[ mu* ^! conditions ( exi/5ce might *ange4 ,:]e=e1 ,nietzs*e conclud$ t ! *ief *>act]i/ic ( a moral sy/em 0 its t5d5cy to p]petuate itself un*ang$1 & to de/roy all :o que/ion$ x or d5i$ x4#a ,nietzs*e saw t practically all memb]s ( a giv5 race1 includ+ ! great majority ( ^? :o violat$ ^! rules1 7 influ5c$ into believ+ !m--or at lea/ into pr(ess+ to believe !m--utt]ly & un*angeably correct1 & t x 0 ! ma9 function ( all religions to en=ce & support !m by mak+ !m appe> z laws laid d[n1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! _w1 by ! "l ( ! univ]se himself1 or at "s lat] p]iod1 by 8 son1 messiah or spokesman4 ,morality1 he said1 n only comm&s innum]able t]rible means = prev5t+ critical h&s be+ laid ^u h]3 h] security dep5ds /ill m ^u a sort ( en*antm5t at :i* %e is ph5om5ally skill$4 ,t is to say1 %e kn[s h[ to enrapture4 ,%e appeals to ! emotions2 h] glance p>alyzes ! reason & ! w4444 ,ev] s9ce !re has be5 talk+ & p]suad+ on e>?1 %e has be5 ! supreme mi/ress ( s$uction4#b ,?us a d\ble wall is put up aga9/ ! cont9u$ te/+1 selection & criticism ( values4 ,on "o h& is revelation1 & on ! o!r1 v5]ation & tradition4 ,! au?ority ( ! law is bas$ ^u two assumptions--fir/1 t ,god gave x1 & secondly1 t ! wise m5 ( ! pa/ obey$ x4#c ,nietzs*e came to ! conclusion t ?is univ]sal t5d5cy to submit to moral codes--?is unreasonable1 emotional fai? 9 ! inv>iable tru? ( moral regulations--0 a curse to ! human race & ! *ief cause ( its deg5]ation1 ineffici5cy & unhapp9ess4 ,& !n he ?rew d[n ! gauntlet by d5y+ t an ev]-pres5t deity _h any?+ to d ) fram+ su* codes & by endeavor+ to prove t1 f> f be+ et]nally true1 !y commonly became false ) ! pass+ ( ! ye>s4 ,/>t+ out z expressions ( ! prim>y life-in/9ct's ef=t to adapt "s individual or race to c]ta9 giv5 conditions ( exi/5ce1 !y took no acc\nt ( ! fact t ^! conditions 7 con/antly *ang+1 & t ! ?+ :i* 0 advantage\s at "o "t & to "o race 0 frequ5tly injuri\s at "s o!r "t & to ano!r race4 ,?is r$uction ( all morality to m]e expressions ( exp$i5ce engag$ ! philosoph] dur+ :at he calls 8 tunnel+ p]iod4 ,to exhibit 8 precise me?od ( tunnel+ let u exam9e1 = example1 a moral idea :i* is f\nd 9 ! code ( e civiliz$ c\ntry4 ,?is is ! notion t !re is some?+ inh]5tly & fundam5tally wrong 9 ! act ( tak+ human life4 ,we h good reason to believe t murd] 0 z mu* a crime #e1jjj ye>s ago z x is today & t x took rank at ! head ( all conceivable outrages aga9/ humank9d at ! v dawn ( civilization4 ,& :y8 ,simply because ! man :o took 8 neighbor's life made ! life ( ev]yone else 9 8 neighborhood prec>i\s & uncom=table4 ,x 0 pla9 t :at he _h done once he c\ld d aga91 & s ! peace & security ( ! :ole di/rict 7 brok54 ,n[1 x is app>5t t ! av]age human be+ desires peace & security beyond all ?+s1 because x is only :5 he has !m t he may satisfy 8 w to live--by procur+ food & %elt] = himself & by becom+ ! fa!r ( *ildr54 ,he is ill-fitt$ to fight = 8 exi/5ce2 ! m]e bus9ess ( liv+ & begett+ 8 k9d consumes all ( 8 en]gies3 ! _w1 z a _w1 z ,horace ,greeley said1 b>ely makes a liv+4 ,!re=e1 x came to be recogniz$ at ! v beg9n+ ( civilization1 t ! man :o kill$ o!r m5 0 a foe to ^? conditions :i* ! av]age man _h to seek 9 ord] to exi/--to peace & ord] & quiet & security4 ,out ( ?is grew ! doctr9e t x 0 immoral to commit murd]1 & z soon z mank9d became imag9ative en\gh to inv5t p]sonal gods1 ?is doctr9e 0 put into _! m\?s & s atta9$ ! =ce & au?ority ( div9e wisdom4 ,9 "s su* mann]1 said ,nietzs*e1 ! majority ( our pres5t moral concepts 7 evolv$4 ,at ! />t !y 7 m]e e*oes ( a prote/ aga9/ actions :i* made exi/5ce difficult & s outrag$ & oppos$ ! w to live4 ,z a rule1 said ,nietzs*e1 su* famili> prote/s z t aga9/ murd]1 :i* laid d[n ! maxim t ! community _h rights sup]ior to ^? ( ! individual1 7 voic$ by ! weak1 :o f\nd x difficult to protect !mselves1 z individuals1 aga9/ ! /rong4 ,"o /rong man1 p]haps1 0 m ?an a mat*1 9 ! /ruggle = exi/5ce1 = t5 weak m5 & s ! latt] 7 at a disadvantage4 ,b =tunately = !m !y c\ld ov]come ?is by comb9ation1 = !y 7 always 9 an ov]:elm+ majority1 num]ically1 & 9 consequ5ce !y 7 /rong]1 tak5 toge!r1 ?an ! phalanx ( ! /rong4 ,?us x gradually became possible = !m to en=ce ! rules t !y laid d[n = _! own protection--:i* rules always op]at$ aga9/ ! wi%es--&1 z an obvi\s coroll>y1 aga9/ ! be/ int]e/s (--! /rong4#d ,:5 ! "t arriv$ = fa%ion+ religi\s sy/ems1 ^! rules 7 cr$it$ to ! gods1 & aga9 ! weak triumph$4 ,?us ! desire ( ! weak among ! _w's e>ly races ( m51 to protect _! crops & wives aga9/ ! =ays ( ! /rong1 by g5]al laws & div9e decrees in/ead ( by ea* man fight+ = 8 own1 has come d[n to u 9 ! =m ( ! ,*ri/ian comm&m5ts3 ,?\ %alt n /eal4444 ,?\ %alt n covet ?y neighbor's h\se4444 ,?\ %alt n covet ?y neighbor's wife1 nor 8 mans]vant1 nor 8 maids]vant1 nor 8 ox1 nor 8 ass1 nor any?+ t is ?y neighbor's4 ,nietzs*e %[s t ! device ( putt+ man-made rules ( morality into ! m\?s ( ! gods--a device practic$ by e nation 9 hi/ory--has va/ly increas$ ! respectability & =ce ( all moral ideas4 ,?is is well exhibit$ by ! fact t1 ev5 today & among ?9k+ m51 (f5ses :i* happ5 to be includ$ 9 ! scope ( ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 ei!r actually or by int]pretation1 are reg>d$ ) a horror :i* seldom1 if ev]1 atta*es to (f5ses obvi\sly def9$ & delimit$ by m]ely human ag5cies4 ,?us1 !ft is ev]y:]e look$ ^u z di%onorable1 b *eat+ at elections1 :i* is fully z dang]\s to ! body politic1 is commonly p>don$ by public op9ion z a normal consequ5ce ( en?usiasm1 & 9 "s qu>t]s is ev5 reg>d$ z an evid5ce ( c\rage1 n to say ( a high & noble s5se ( gratitude & honor4 ,nietzs*e does n d5y t human be+s h a "r to con/ruct moral codes = !mselves1 & nei!r does he d5y t !y are ju/ifi$1 f _! imm$iate /&po9t1 at lea/1 9 giv+ ^! codes ! au?ority & =ce ( div9e comm&s4 ,b he po9ts out t ?is proc$ure is b\nd to cause tr\ble 9 ! long run1 = ! reason t div9e comm&s are fix$ & inv>iable1 & d n *ange z fa/ z ! in/9cts & ne$s ( ! race4 ,suppose1 = in/ance1 t all acts ( ,p>liam5t & ,congress 7 decl>$ to be ! w ( ,god1 & t1 z a natural consequ5ce1 ! p[] to repeal or modify !m 7 ab&on$4 ,x is app>5t t ! _w w\ld outgr[ !m z fa/ z x does today1 b x is also app>5t t ! notion t !y 7 infallible w\ld p>alyze & block all ef=ts1 by a!i/ic re=m]s1 to ov]turn or am5d !m4 ,z a result1 ! ,briti% & ,am]ican p w\ld be compell$ to live 9 ob$i5ce to rules :i*1 on _! v face1 w\ld (t5 seem illogical & absurd4 ,yet ! same ?+ happ5s to notions ( morality4 ,!y are devis$1 at ! />t1 z measures ( exp$i5cy1 & !n giv5 div9e sanction 9 ord] to l5d !m au?ority4 ,9 ! c\rse ( "t1 p]haps1 ! race outgr[s !m1 b none ! less1 !y cont9ue 9 =ce--at lea/ s long z ! old gods are wor%ipp$4 ,?us human laws become div9e--& inhuman4 ,?us morality itself becomes immoral4 ,?us ! old in/9ct :]eby society diff]5tiates betwe5 good ?+s & bad1 gr[s muddl$ & unc]ta91 & ! fundam5tal purpose ( morality--t ( produc+ a workable s*eme ( liv+--is defeat$4 ,!reaft] x is next to impossible to di/+ui% betwe5 ! laws t are /ill useful & ^? t h outliv$ _! usefulness1 & ! man :o makes ! attempt--! philosoph] :o endeavors to %[ humanity h[ x is condemn+ z bad a ?+ t1 9 itself1 is n[ good1 or exalt+ z good a ?+ t1 = all its =m] goodness1 is n[ bad--?is man is damn$ z a h]etic & an>*i/1 & accord+ z =tune s]ves him1 is burn$ at ! /ake or m]ely read out ( ! human race4#e ,nietzs*e f\nd t all exi/+ moral ideas might be divid$ into two broad classes1 correspond+ to ! two broad v>ieties ( human be+s--! ma/]s & ! slaves4 ,e man is ei!r a ma/] or a slave1 & ! same is true ( e race4 ,ei!r x rules "s o!r race or x is itself rul$ by "s o!r race4 ,x is impossible to ?9k ( a man or ( a p z be+ utt]ly isolat$1 & ev5 7 ?is la/ possible1 x is obvi\s t ! community w\ld be divid$ into ^? :o rul$ & ^? :o obey$4 ,! ma/]s are /rong & are capable ( do+ z !y please2 ! slaves are weak & mu/ obta9 :atev] rights !y crave by deceiv+1 cajol+ or collectively intimidat+ _! ma/]s4 ,n[1 s9ce all moral codes1 z we h se51 are m]ely collections ( ! rules laid d[n by "s def9ite gr\p ( human be+s = _! com=t & protection1 x is evid5t t ! morality ( ! ma/] class has = its ma9 object ! pres]vation ( ! au?ority & k+%ip ( t class1 :ile ! morality ( ! slave class seeks to make slav]y z be>able z possible & to exalt & dignify ^? ?+s 9 :i* ! slave c hope to become ! app>5t equal or sup]ior ( 8 ma/]4 ,! civilization :i* exi/$ 9 ,europe be=e ! dawn ( ,*ri/ianity 0 a culture bas$ ^u ma/]-morality1 & s we f9d t ! !ologians & morali/s ( ^? days e/eem$ a c]ta9 action z "r only :5 x pla9ly subs]v$ ! be/ int]e/s ( /rong1 res\rceful m54 ,! ideal man ( t "t 0 n a meek & l[ly suff]]1 be>+ 8 cross uncompla9+ly1 b an al]t1 pr\d & combative be+ :o knew 8 rights & d>$ ma9ta9 !m4 ,9 consequ5ce we f9d t 9 _m anci5t languages1 ! words good & ari/ocratic 7 synonym\s4 ,:atev] s]v$ to make a man a nobleman--cunn+1 weal?1 physical /r5g?1 eag]ness to res5t & puni% injuries--0 consid]$ virtu\s1 praisewor?y & moral1#f & on ! o!r h&1 :atev] t5d$ to make a man s9k to ! level ( ! great masses--humility1 lack ( ambition1 mode/ desires1 lavi% lib]ality & a _s ( ready =giv5ess--0 reg>d$ z immoral & wrong4 ,among ^! ma/] races1 says ,nietzs*e1 ! anti!sis 'good & bad' signifi$ practically ! same z 'noble & contemptible6' ,! despis$ ones 7 ! c[>ds1 ! timid1 ! insignificant1 ! self-abas+--! dog-species ( m5 :o all[$ !mselves to be misus$--! flatt]]s &1 above all1 ! li>s4 ,x is a fundam5tal belief ( all true ari/ocrats t ! common p are deceitful4 ',we true ones1' ! anci5t ,greek nobles call$ !mselves4 ,x is obvi\s t ! designations ( moral wor? 7 at fir/ appli$ to individual m51 & n to actions or ideas 9 ! ab/ract4 ,! ma/] type ( man reg>ds himself z a suffici5t judge ( wor?4 ,he does n seek approval3 8 own feel+s det]m9e 8 conduct4 ',:at is injuri\s to me1' he reasons1 'is injuri\s 9 itself4' ,?is type ( man honors :atev] qualities he recognizes 9 himself3 8 morality is self-glorification4 ,he has a feel+ ( pl5titude & p[] & ! happ9ess ( high t5sion4 ,he helps ! un=tunate1 p]haps1 b x is n out ( sympa?y4 ,! impulse1 :5 x comes at all1 rises out ( 8 sup]abundance ( p[]--8 ?ir/ to function4 ,he honors 8 own p[]1 & he kn[s h[ to keep x 9 h&4 ,he joyfully ex]cises /rictness & sev]ity ov] himself & he rev]5ces all t is /rict & sev]e4 ',wotan has put a h>d he>t 9 my brea/1' says an old ,sc&9avian saga4 ,!re c\ld be no bett] expression ( ! _s ( a pr\d vik+4444 ,! morality ( ! ma/] class is irritat+ to ! ta/e ( ! pres5t day because ( its fundam5tal pr9ciple t a man has obligations only to 8 equals2 t he may act to all ( l[] rank & to all t are =eign z he pleases4444 ,! man ( ! ma/] class has a capacity = prolong$ gratitude & prolong$ rev5ge1 b x is only among 8 equals4 ,he has1 too1 great res\rcefulness 9 retaliation2 great capacity = fri5d%ip1 & a /rong ne$ = enemies1 t !re may be an outlet = 8 envy1 qu>relsom5ess & arrogance1 & t by sp5d+ ^! passions 9 ?is mann]1 he may be g5tle t[>ds 8 fri5ds4#g ,by ?is anci5t h]r5moral1 or ma/]-morality1 ,napoleon ,bonap>te w\ld h be5 e/eem$ a god & ! ,man ( ,sorr[s an enemy to society4 ,x 0 ! e?ical s*eme1 inde$1 ( peoples :o 7 sure ( !mselves & :o _h no ne$ to make t]ms ) rivals or to seek ! good w or =be>ance ( anyone4 ,9 its light1 su* ?+s z m]cy & *>ity seem$ p]nici\s & immoral1 because !y meant a transf] ( p[] f /rong m51 ^: prop] bus9ess x 0 to gr[ /rong] & /rong]1 to weak m51 ^: prop] bus9ess x 0 to s]ve ! /rong4 ,9 a ^w1 ?is ma/]-morality 0 ! morality ( peoples :o knew1 by exp]i5ce1 t x 0 pleasant to rule & be /rong4 ,!y knew t ! nobleman 0 to be envi$ & ! slave to be despis$1 & s !y came to believe t ev]y?+ :i* help$ to make a man noble 0 good & ev]y?+ :i* help$ to make him a slave 0 evil4 ,! idea ( nobility & ! idea ( good 7 express$ by ! same ^w1 & ?is v]bal id5tity survives 9 ! ,engli% language today1 despite ! fact t our pres5t sy/em ( morality1 z we %all see1 diff]s va/ly f t ( ! anci5t ma/] races4 ,9 opposition to ?is ma/]-morality ( ! /rong1 heal?y nations !re 0 ! sklavmoral1 or slave-morality1 ( ! weak nations4 ,! ,jews ( ! f\r or five c5turies prec$+ ! bir? ( ,*ri/ belong$ to ! latt] class4 ,comp>$ to ! races ar\nd !m1 !y 7 weak & helpless4 ,x 0 out ( ! "q = !m to conqu] ! ,greeks or ,romans & x 0 equally impossible = !m to =ce _! laws1 _! cu/oms or _! religion ^u _! neighbors on o!r sides4 ,!y 71 inde$1 9 ! position ( an army surr\nd$ by a horde ( irresi/ible enemies4 ,! g5]al ( su* an army1 ) ! in/9ct ( self-pres]vation /rong )9 him1 does n attempt to cut 8 way out4 ,in/ead he tries to make ! be/ t]ms he c1 & if ! lead] ( ! enemy insi/s ^u mak+ him & 8 vanqui%$ =ce prison]s1 he endeavors to obta9 concessions :i* w make ?is imprisonm5t z be>able z possible4 ,! /rong man's object is to take z mu* z he c f 8 victim2 ! weak man's is to save z mu* z he c f 8 conqu]or4 ,! fruit ( ?is ye>n+ ( weak nations to pres]ve z mu* ( _! national unity z possible is ! ?+ ,nietzs*e calls slave-morality4 ,its fir/ & =emo/ purpose is to disc\rage1 & if possible1 blot out1 all ^? traits & actions :i* are apt to excite ! ire1 ! envy1 or ! cupidity ( ! m5ac+ enemies r\nd ab\t4 ,rev5ge1 pride & ambition are condemn$ z evils4 ,humility1 =giv5ess1 cont5tm5t & resignation are e/eem$ virtues4 ,! moral man is ! man :o has lo/ all desire to triumph & exult ov] 8 fell[-m5--! man ( m]cy1 ( *>ity1 ( self-sacrifice4 ,! impot5ce :i* does n retaliate = injuries1 says ,nietzs*e1 is falsifi$ into 'goodness2' timor\s abjectness becomes 'humility2' subjection to ^? "o hates is call$ 'ob$i5ce1' & ! "o :o desires & comm&s ?is impot5ce1 abjectness & subjection is call$ ,god4 ,! in(f5siv5ess ( ! weak1 _! c[>dice 7( :i* !y h ample /ore72 _! /&+ at ! door1 _! unavoidable "t-s]v+ & wait+--all ^! ?+s get good names4 ,! inability to get rev5ge is translat$ into an unwill+ness to get rev5ge1 & becomes =giv5ess1 a virtue4 ,!y are wret*$--^! mutt]]s & =g]s--b !y say t _! wret*$ness is ( ,god's *oos+ & ev5 call x a di/9ction t he conf]s ^u !m4 ,! dogs :i* are lik$ be/1 !y say1 are beat5 mo/4 ,_! wret*$ness is a te/1 a prep>ation1 a s*ool+--some?+ :i* w be paid =1 "o day1 9 happ9ess4 ,!y call t 'bliss4'#h ,by ! laws ( ?is slave-morality ! immoral man is he :o seeks p[] & em95ce & ri*es--! millionaire1 ! robb]1 ! fight]1 ! s*em]4 ,! act ( acquir+ prop]ty by conque/--:i* is look$ ^u z a matt] ( c\rse by ma/]-morality--becomes a crime & is call$ !ft4 ,! act ( mat+ 9 ob$i5ce to natural impulses1 )\t consid]+ ! desire ( o!rs1 becomes adult]y2 ! q natural act ( de/roy+ "o's enemies becomes murd]4 #a ,,ii ,!ss4 ,,ii1 #ae3 ,hold ! tradition :i* ye h be5 taught4 ,eusebius ,pamphilus3 ,^? ?+s :i* are writt5 believe2 ^? ?+s :i* are n writt51 nei!r ?9k ^u nor inquire aft]4 ,/4 ,au/93 ,:atev] ye he> f ! holy scriptures let x favor well ) y2 :atev] is )\t !m refuse4 ,see also ,/4 ,basil1 ,t]tullian & e o!r pr(essional morali/ s9ce1 d[n to ,john ,alex&] ,d[ie & ,emp]or ,william ( ,g]many4 #b ,morg5rte1 preface1 #c4 #c ,d] ,anti*ri/1 #eg4 #d ,! fact t ! /ate is f\nd$1 n ^u a my/]i\s social impulse 9 man1 b ^u ea* individual's reg>d = 8 own int]e/1 0 fir/ po9t$ out by ,?omas ,hobbes 7#aehh-afgi71 9 8 argum5t aga9/ ,ari/otle & ,grotius4 #e ,! risk ( su* idol-sma%+ is well set =? at l5g? by ,g4 ,b]n>d ,%aw 9 ! preface to ,! ,qu9tess5ce ( ,ibs5ism2 ,london1 #aijd4 #f ,h5ry ,bradley1 9 a lecture at ! ,london ,in/itution1 9 ,jan #aijg1 %[$ t ?is 0 true ( ! anci5t ,britons1 z is demon/rat$ by _! lik+ = be/[+ su* names z ,wolf & ,be> ^u !mselves4 ,x 0 true1 also1 ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians & ( all primitive races consci\s ( _! effici5cy4 #g ,j5seits von ,gut und ,bse1 #bfj4 #h ,zur ,g5ealogie d] ,moral1 ,i1 #ad4 ,,iii ,,beyond ,,good ,,& ,,evil ,despite ! div9e au?ority :i* gives p]man5ce to all moral codes1 ?is p]man5ce is con/antly oppos$ by ! *ang+ conditions ( exi/5ce1 & v (t5 ! opposition is successful4 ,! slave-morality ( ! anci5t ,jews has come d[n to u1 ) its outl9es little *ang$1 z ideal ,*ri/ianity1 b su* t5aci\s p]si/5ce ( a moral s*eme is comp>atively r>e4 ,z a g5]al rule1 9 tru?1 races *ange _! gods v mu* (t5] ?an we h *ang$ ours1 & h less fai? ?an we 9 ! indep5d5ce ( intellig5ce4 ,9 consequ5ce !y con/antly revamp & modify _! moral concepts4 ,! same process ( evolution affects ev5 our own code1 despite ! extraord9>y t5d5cy to p]man5ce j not$4 ,our s*eme ( ?+s1 9 its fundam5tals1 has p]si/$ = #b1ejj ye>s1 b 9 matt]s ( detail x is con/antly 9 a /ate ( flux4 ,we /ill call ourselves ,*ri/ians1 b we h evolv$ _m moral ideas t are n to be f\nd 9 ! scriptures & we h sometimes d5i$ o!rs t are pla9ly !re4 ,inde$1 z w be %[n lat] on1 ! beatitudes w\ld h wip$ u f ! face ( ! e>? c5turies ago _h n our =efa!rs devis$ means ( circumv5t+ !m )\t op5ly que/ion+ !m4 ,our progress has be5 made1 n z a result ( our moral code1 b z a result ( our success 9 dodg+ its inevitable blight4 ,all morality1 9 fact1 is color$ & modifi$ by opportunism1 ev5 :5 its basic pr9ciples are held sacr$ & kept m or less intact4 ,! ?+ t is a s9 9 "o age becomes a virtue 9 ! next4 ,! anci5t ,p]sians1 :o 7 ,zoroa/rians1 reg>d$ murd] & suicide1 "u any circum/ances1 z crimes4 ,! mod]n ,p]sians1 :o are ,mohamm$ans1 ?9k t f]ocity & foolh>d9ess are virtues4 ,! anci5t ,japanese1 to :om ! /ate appe>$ m important ?an ! man1 ?rew !mselves joy\sly ^u ! spe>s ( ! /ate's enemies4 ,! mod]n ,japanese1 :o are fl$gl+ individuali/s1 armor _! %ips ) nickel /eel & fight on l& f beh9d ba/ions ( e>? & masonry4 ,& 9 ! same way ! moral ideas t h gr[n out ( ,*ri/ianity1 & ev5 "s ( its important orig9al doctr9es1 are be+ con/antly modifi$ & revis$1 despite ! p]si/5ce ( ! fundam5tal notion ( self-sacrifice at ! bottom ( !m4 ,9 ,dr4 ,&rew ,d4 ,:ite's monum5tal treatise ,on ! ,w>f>e ( ,sci5ce ) ,!ology 9 ,*ri/5dom !re are t5 ?\s& pro(s ( x4 ,?+s t 7 crimes 9 ! middle ages are q respectable at pres5t4 ,actions t are puni%able by excommunication & o/racism 9 ,ca?olic ,spa9 today1 are suffici5t to make a man honorable 9 free?9k+ ,engl&4 ,9 ,france1 :]e ! *ur* once /ood above ! k+1 x is n[ /ripp$ ( all rights n inh]5t 9 ! mo/ inconsequ5tial social club4 ,9 ,g]many x is a p5al (f5se to poke fun at ! head ( ! /ate2 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates x is look$ ^u by _m z an evid5ce ( indep5d5ce & patriotism4 ,9 "s ( ! ,am]ican /ates a violation ( ! sev5? comm&m5t1 9 any =m1 is a felony2 9 ,m>yl&1 x is1 9 "o =m1 a m]e misdemeanor1 & ano!r =m1 no crime at all4 ,_m l&s did ,i see1 says ,z>a?u/ra1 & _m peoples1 & s ,i discov]$ ! good & bad ( _m peoples4444 ,mu* t 0 reg>d$ z good by "o p 0 held 9 scorn & contempt by ano!r4 ,i f\nd _m ?+s call$ bad "h & adorn$ ) purple honors !re4444 ,a catalogue ( bless+s is po/$ up = e p4 ,lo6 x is ! catalogue ( _! triumphs--! voice ( _! w to p[]6444 ,:atev] enables !m to rule & conqu] & dazzle1 to ! dismay & envy ( _! neighbors1 is reg>d$ by !m z ! summit1 ! head1 ! /&>d ( all ?+s4444 ,v]ily1 m5 h made = !mselves all _! good & bad4 ,v]ily !y did n f9d x s3 x did n come to !m z a voice f heav54444 ,x is only ?r\gh valu+ t !re comes value4#a ,to proce$ f ! concrete to ! g5]al1 & to risk a repetition1 x is evid5t t all morality1 z ,nietzs*e po9t$ out1 is no?+ m ?an an expression ( exp$i5cy4#b ,a ?+ is call$ wrong solely because a def9ite gr\p ( p1 at "s specific /age ( _! c>e]1 h f\nd x injuri\s to !m4 ,! fact t !y h discov]$ gr\nds = condemn+ x 9 "s pronunciam5to ( _! god signifies no?+1 = ! reason t ! god ( a p is nev] any?+ m ?an a reflection ( _! ideas = ! "t be+4 ,z ,pr(4 ,otto ,pfleid]] has %[n1#c ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 a product ( 8 age1 m5tally & spiritually z well z physically4 ,_h !re be5 no ,jewi% !ology be=e him1 he c\ld n h s\ght or obta9$ recognition z a messiah1 & ! doctr9es t he express$--_h he ev] express$ !m at all--w\ld h fall5 ^u unhe$+ & uncompreh5d+ e>s4 ,!re=e x is pla9 t ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts are no m immortal & immutable1 9 ! la/ analysis1 ?an ! acts ( ,p>liam5t4 ,!y h la/$ long]1 x is true1 & !y w probably cont9ue 9 =ce = _m ye>s1 b ?is p]man5ce is only relative4 ,fundam5tally !y are m]ely expressions ( exp$i5ce1 l ! rules ( "s great game1 & x is easily conceivable t !re may arise ^u ! e>?1 at "s future day1 a race to :om !y w appe> injuri\s1 unreasonable & utt]ly immoral4 ,! "t may come1 inde$1 :5 we w pref] ! ,memorabilia ( ,socrates to ! ,bible4#d ,admitt+ ?is1 we mu/ admit ! inevitable coroll>y t morality 9 ! absolute s5se has no?+ to d ) tru?1 & t x is1 9 fact1 tru?'s exact anti!sis4 ,absolute tru? necess>ily implies et]nal tru?4 ,! /atem5t t a man & a woman are unlike 0 true on ! day ! fir/ man & woman walk$ ! e>? & x w be true s long z !re are m5 & wom54 ,su* a /atem5t approa*es v ne> our ideal ( an absolute tru?4 ,b ! !ory t humility is a virtue is n an absolute tru?1 = :ile x 0 und\bt$ly true 9 anci5t ,judea1 x 0 n true 9 anci5t ,greece & is debatable1 to say ! lea/1 9 mod]n ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,! ,we/]n ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 despite its extraord9>ily successful ef=ts at p]man5ce1 has giv5 u innum]able pro(s t laws1 9 ! long run1 always turn ^u !mselves4 ,! popes 7 infallible :5 !y held t ! e>? 0 flat & !y 7 infallible :5 !y decid$ t x 0 r\nd--& s we rea* a palpable absurdity4 ,!re=e1 we may lay x d[n z an axiom t morality1 9 itself1 is ! enemy ( tru?1 & t1 = at lea/ half ( ! "t1 by ! ma!matical doctr9e ( probabilities1 x is necess>ily untrue4 ,if ?is is s1 :y %\ld any man bo!r ab\t moral rules & regulations8 ,:y %\ld any man con=m to laws =mulat$ by a p ^: outlook on ! univ]se probably diff]$ diametrically f 8 own8 ,:y %\ld any man obey a regulation :i* is d5\nc$1 by 8 common-s5se1 z a hodge-podge ( absurdities1 & :y %\ld he model 8 :ole life ^u ideals inv5t$ to s]ve ! tempor>y ne$s ( a =gott5 race ( "s pa/ age8 ,^! que/ions ,nietzs*e ask$ himself4 ,8 conclusion 0 a complete rejection ( all fix$ codes ( morality1 & ) !m ( all gods1 messiahs1 prophets1 sa9ts1 popes1 bi%ops1 prie/s1 & rul]s4 ,! prop] ?+ = a man to d1 he decid$1 0 to =mulate 8 own morality z he progress$ f l[] to high] ?+s4 ,he %\ld reject ! old conceptions ( good & evil & sub/itute = !m ! human valuations1 good & bad4 ,9 a ^w1 he %\ld put beh9d him ! morality inv5t$ by "s dead race to make its own progress easy & pleasant1 & cr$it$ to "s man-made god to give x au?ority1 & put 9 ! place ( ?is a workable p]sonal morality bas$ ^u 8 own p[] ( di/+ui%+ betwe5 ! ?+s :i* b5efit him & ! ?+s :i* injure him4 ,he %\ld 7to make ! idea cle>]7 judge a giv5 action solely by its effect ^u 8 own welf>e2 8 own desire or w to live2 & t ( 8 *ildr5 aft] him4 ,all notions ( s9 & virtue %\ld be bani%$ f 8 m9d4 ,he %\ld weigh ev]y?+ 9 ! scales ( individual exp$i5ce4 ,su* a frank wield+ ( a razor-edg$ sword 9 ! /ruggle = exi/5ce is fr[n$ ^u by our ,jewi% slave-morality4 ,we are taught to believe t ! only true happ9ess lies 9 self-effacem5t2 t x is wrong to pr(it by ! mis=tune or weakness ( ano!r4 ,b aga9/ ?is ,nietzs*e br+s ! und5iable answ] t all life1 no matt] h[ mu* we idealize x1 is1 at bottom1 no?+ m or less ?an exploitation4 ,! ga9 ( "o man is inevitably ! loss ( "s o!r man4 ,t ! emp]or may die ( a surfeit ! peasant mu/ die ( />vation4 ,among human be+s1 z well z among ! bacilli 9 ! hang+ drop & ! lions 9 ! jungle1 !re is ev] 9 progress ?is anci5t /ruggle = exi/5ce4 ,x is wag$ dec5tly1 p]haps1 b x is none ! less savage & unm]ciful1 & ! devil always takes ! h9dmo/4 ,life1 says ,nietzs*e1 is ess5tially ! appropriation1 ! injury1 ! vanqui%+ ( ! unadapt$ & weak4 ,its object is to obtrude its own =ms & insure its own unob/ruct$ function+4 ,ev5 an organization ^: individuals =be> 9 _! deal+s ) "o ano!r 7a heal?y ari/ocracy1 = example7 mu/1 if x w\ld live & n die1 act ho/ilely t[>d all o!r organizations4 ,x mu/ endeavor to ga9 gr\nd1 to obta9 advantages1 to acquire asc5dancy4 ,& ?is is n because x is immoral1 b because x lives1 & all life is w to p[]4#e ,nietzs*e argues f ?is t x is absurd to put ! /igma ( evil ^u ! m]e symptoms ( ! great /ruggle4 ,9 itself1 he says1 an act ( injury1 violation1 exploitation or annihilation _c be wrong1 = life op]ates1 ess5tially & fundam5tally1 by injur+1 violat+1 exploit+ & annihilat+1 & _c ev5 be conceiv$ ( out ( ?is "*4 ,"o mu/ admit1 inde$1 t1 f ! highe/ biological /&po9t1 conditions "u :i* ! s-call$ rights ( o!rs are recogniz$ mu/ ev] be reg>d$ z exceptional conditions--t is to say1 z p>tial re/rictions ( ! in/9ctive p[]-seek+ w-to-live ( ! individual1 made to satisfy ! m p[]ful w-to-live ( ! mass4 ,?us small units ( p[] are sacrific$ to create l>ge units ( p[]4 ,to reg>d ! rights ( o!rs z be+ inh]5t 9 !m1 & n z m]e compromises = ! b5efit ( ! mass-unit1 w\ld be to enunciate a pr9ciple ho/ile to life itself4#f ,nietzs*e holds t ! rights ( an individual may be divid$ into two classes3 ^? ?+s he is able to d despite ! opposition ( 8 fell[ m51 & ^? ?+s he is enabl$ to d by ! grace & p]mission ( 8 fell[ m54 ,! second class ( rights may be divid$ aga9 into two gr\ps3 ^? grant$ ?r\gh fe> & =esight1 & ^? grant$ z free gifts4 ,b h[ d fe> & =esight op]ate to make "o man conc$e rights to ano!r man8 ,x is easy en\gh to disc]n two ways4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! grantor may fe> ! risks ( a combat ) ! grantee1 & s give him :at he wants )\t a /ruggle4 ,9 ! second place1 ! grantor1 :ile confid5t ( 8 ability to ov]come ! grantee1 may =be> because he sees 9 ! /ruggle a c]ta9 dim9ution ( /r5g? on bo? sides1 & 9 consequ5ce1 an impair$ capacity = jo9+ =ces 9 effective opposition to "s ho/ile ?ird p[]4 ,& n[ = ! rights obta9$ "u ! second head--by be/[al & concession4 ,9 ?is case1 says ,nietzs*e1 "o man or race has en\gh p[]1 & m ?an en\gh1 to be able to be/[ "s ( x on ano!r man or race4#g ,! k+ appo9ts "o subject vic]oy ( a prov9ce1 & s gives him almo/ regal p[]1 & makes ano!r cup-be>] & s gives him a p]petual "r to be> ! royal cup4 ,:5 ! p[] ( ! grantee1 ?r\gh 8 ineffici5cy1 decreases1 ! grantor ei!r re/ores x to him or takes x away f him altoge!r4 ,:5 ! p[] ( ! grantee1 on ! contr>y1 increases1 ! grantor1 9 al>m1 commonly seeks to und]m9e x & encroa* ^u x4 ,:5 ! p[] ( ! grantee rema9s at a level = a consid]able "t1 8 rights become ve/$ & he beg9s to believe t !y are inh]5t 9 him--t !y con/itute a gift f ! gods & are beyond ! w & disposal ( 8 fell[ m54 ,z ,nietzs*e po9ts out1 ?is la/ happ5s comp>atively seldom4 ,m (t51 ! grantor himself beg9s to lose p[] & s comes into conflict ) ! grantee1 & n infrequ5tly !y ex*ange places4 ,national rights1 says ,nietzs*e1 demon/rate ?is fact by _! con/ant lapse & reg5esis4#h ,nietzs*e believ$ t a realization ( all ?is w\ld greatly b5efit ! human race1 by ridd+ x ( "s ( its mo/ co/ly delusions4 ,he held t s long z x s\ght to make ! /ruggle = exi/5ce a p>lor game1 ) rules laid d[n by "s blund]+ god--t s long z x reg>d$ its ideas ( morality1 its aspirations & its hopes z notions implant$ by ! creator 9 ! m9d ( ,fa!r ,adam--t s long z x insi/$ ^u call+ ?+s by fanciful names & ^u fr[n+ d[n all ef=t to rea* ! ultimate v]ities--t j s long its progress w\ld be fitful & sl[4 ,x 0 morality t burn$ ! books ( ! anci5t sages1 & morality t halt$ ! free inquiry ( ! ,gold5 ,age & sub/itut$ = x ! cr$ul\s imbecility ( ! ,age ( ,fai?4 ,x 0 a fix$ moral code & a fix$ !ology :i* robb$ ! human race ( a ?\s& ye>s by wa/+ !m ^u al*emy1 h]etic-burn+1 wit*craft & sac]dotalism4 ,nietzs*e call$ himself an immorali/4 ,he believ$ t all progress dep5d$ ^u ! tru? & t ! tru? c\ld n prevail :ile m5 yet enme%$ !mselves 9 a web ( gratuit\s & s5seless laws fa%ion$ by _! own h&s4 ,he 0 fond ( pictur+ ! ideal immorali/ z a magnific5t blond bea/--innoc5t ( virtue & s9 & kn[+ only good & bad4 ,in/ead ( a god to guide him1 ) comm&m5ts & ! fe> ( hell1 ?is immorali/ w\ld h 8 own in/9cts & intellig5ce4 ,in/ead ( do+ a giv5 ?+ because ! *ur* call$ x a virtue or ! curr5t moral code requir$ x1 he w\ld d x because he knew t x w\ld b5efit him or 8 desc5dants aft] him4 ,in/ead ( refra9+ f a giv5 action because ! *ur* d5\nc$ x z a s9 & ! law z a crime1 he w\ld avoid x only if he 7 conv9c$ t ! action itself1 or its consequ5ces1 might "w him or 8 an injury4 ,su* a man1 7 he set d[n 9 ! _w today1 w\ld be> an outw>d resemblance1 p]haps1 to ! mo/ pi\s & virtu\s ( 8 fell[-citiz5s1 b x is app>5t t 8 life w\ld h m ( tru? 9 x & less ( hypocrisy & cant & pret5se ?an !irs4 ,he w\ld obey ! laws ( ! l& frankly & solely because he 0 afraid ( incurr+ _! p5alties1 & = no o!r reason1 & he w\ld n try to delude 8 neighbors & himself into believ+ t he saw any?+ sacr$ 9 !m4 ,he w\ld h no ne$ ( a god to tea* him ! diff]5ce betwe5 "r & wrong & no ne$ ( prie/s to rem9d him ( ?is god's tea*+s4 ,he w\ld look ^u ! woes & ills ( life z inevitable & necess>y results ( life's conflict1 & he w\ld make no ef=t to read into !m ! wra? ( a peevi% & irrational deity at 8 own or 8 ance/ors' s9s4 ,8 m9d w\ld be absolutely free ( ?\ghts ( s9 & hell1 & 9 consequ5ce1 he w\ld be va/ly happi] ?an ! majority ( p]sons ab\t him4 ,all 9 all1 he w\ld be a p[]ful influ5ce = tru? 9 8 community1 & z su*1 w\ld occupy himself ) ! mo/ noble & sublime task possible to m]e human be+s3 ! ov]?r[ ( sup]/ition & unreason+ fai?1 ) _! long tra9 ( fe>s1 horrors1 d\bts1 frauds1 inju/ice & suff]+4#i ,"u an ideal gov]nm5t--:i* ,h]b]t ,sp5c] def9es z a gov]nm5t 9 :i* ! numb] ( laws has rea*$ an irr$ucible m9imum--su* a man w\ld prosp] a great deal m ?an ! prie/-ridd51 cre$-b>nacl$ masses ab\t him4#aj ,9 a /ate :]e9 communi/ic society1 ) its levell+ usages & cu/oms1 _h ceas$ to exi/1 & :]e9 ea* individual ( ! ma/] class 0 p]mitt$ to live 8 life z mu* z possible 9 accordance ) 8 own notions ( good & bad1 su* a man w\ld /& =? f ! h]d 9 proportion z 8 in/9cts 7 m ne>ly heal?y & infallible ?an ! in/9cts ( ! h]d4 ,ideal an>*y1 9 brief1 w\ld insure ! success ( ^? m5 :o 7 wise/ m5tally & /ronge/ physically1 & ! race w\ld make rapid progress4 ,x is evid5t t ! communi/ic & sociali/ic =ms ( gov]nm5t at pres5t 9 fa%ion 9 ! _w oppose su* a consummation z (t5 z !y facilitate x4 ,civilization1 z we "k x1 makes m paup]s ?an millionaires1 & m cripples ?an ,s&[s4 ,its mo/ conspicu\s products1 ! *ur* & ! k+1 /& unalt]ably oppos$ to all progress4 ,l ! frog ( ! fable1 :i* essay$ to climb out ( a well1 x slips back q z (t5 z x goes ahead4 ,& = ^! reasons ,nietzs*e 0 an an>*i/--9 ! true mean+ ( t mu*-bespatt]$ ^w--j z ,h]b]t ,sp5c] & ,ar?ur ,s*op5hau] 7 an>*i/s be=e him4 #a ,also spra* ,z>a?u/ra ,i4 #b ,! ^w mos1 f signify+ :at is cu/om>y1 has come to signify :at is "r4 ,sir ,wm4 ,m>kby3 ,elem5ts ( ,law ,consid]$ ) ,ref]5ce to ,g5]al ,pr9ciples ( ,jurisprud5ce3 pp4 #aah1 #e? ed41 ,london1 #ahif4 #c ,9 8 ma/]ly treatise1 ,*ri/ian ,orig9s1 tr4 by ,david ,a4 ,huebs*3 ,new ,york1 #aijf4 #d ,m5s*li*es allzu ,m5s*li*es ,,iii4 #e ,j5seits von ,gut und ,bse #bei4 #f ,zur ,g5ealogie d] ,moral ,,ii1 #aa4 #g ,morg5rte1 #aab4 #h ,morg5rte1 #aab4 #i ,x is my exp]i5ce1 said ,?omas ,h4 ,huxley1 t1 aside f a few human affections1 ! only ?+ t gives la/+ & unta9t$ pleasure 9 ! _w1 is ! pursuit ( tru? & ! de/ruction ( error4 ,see ,! ,life & ,lett]s ( ,t4 ,h4 ,huxley1 by ,leon>d ,huxley2 ,london1 #aijj4 #aj ,read ! suicide tables & see h[ _m despair+ m51 hope less ( keep+ _! homes toge!r1 pay ) _! lives ! toil impos$ ^u !m by squ&]]s ( ! public money4 ,hel5 ,ma!rs 9 ,p4 ,t4 ,o41 ,feb4 #i #aijg1 p4 #ahj4 ,?is is "o ( ,tol/oi's *ief argum5ts aga9/ all gov]nm5t4 ,,iv ,,! ,,sup]man ,no d\bt ! read] :o has foll[$ ! argum5t 9 ! prec$+ *apt]s w h happ5$1 be=e n[1 ^u ! ?\ght t ,nietzs*e's *a9 ( reason+1 s f>1 /ill has a gap 9 x4 ,we h se5 h[ he />t$ by inve/igat+ ,greek art 9 ! light ( ! ,s*op5hau]ean philosophy1 h[ ?is l$ him to look into morality1 h[ he reveal$ ! orig9 ( morality 9 transitory manife/ations ( ! w to p[]1 & h[ he came to ! conclusion t x 0 be/ = a man to reject all ready-made moral ideas & to s ord] 8 life t 8 e action w\ld be und]tak5 ) "s notion ( mak+ x subs]ve 8 own welf>e or t ( 8 *ildr5 or *ildr5's *ildr54 ,b a gap rema9s & x may be express$ 9 ! "q3 ,h[ is a man to def9e & det]m9e 8 own welf>e & t ( ! race aft] him8 ,"h1 inde$1 our dionysian immorali/ is confront$ by a v s]i\s problem1 & ,nietzs*e himself well und]/ood its s]i\sness4 ,unless we h 9 m9d "s def9ite ideal ( happ9ess & "s def9ite goal ( progress we _h bett] s+ ! doxology & dismiss our congregation4 ,*ri/ianity has su* an ideal & su* a goal4 ,! "o is a ,*ri/-l life on e>? & ! o!r is a place at ! "r h& ( ,jehovah 9 ! h]eaft]4 ,mohamm$anism1 a t9sel =m ( ,*ri/ianity1 pa9ts pictures ( ! same sort4 ,buddhism holds out ! tempt+ bait ( a race set free f ! ?rall ( e>?ly desires1 ) an et]nity ( blissful no?+ness4#a ,! o!r ori5tal fai?s lead 9 ! same direction & ,s*op5hau]1 9 8 philosophy1 laid d[n ! doctr9e t humanity w\ld atta9 p]fect happ9ess only :5 x _h ov]come its in/9ct ( self-pres]vation--t is to say1 :5 x _h ceas$ to desire to live4 ,ev5 ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce--t mo/ grotesque *ild ( cr$ul\s fai? & incr$ible d5ial--(f]s u ! d\ble ideal ( a mortal life entirely free f mortal pa9 & a h>p 9 ! heav5ly b& = all et]nity4 ,:at _h ,nietzs*e to (f] 9 place ( ^! ?+s8 ,by :at /&>d 0 8 immorali/ to sep>ate ! good--or b5eficial--?+s ( ! _w f ! bad--or damag+--?+s8 ,& :at 0 ! goal t ! philosoph] _h 9 m9d = 8 immorali/8 ,! answ] to ! fir/ "q is to be f\nd 9 ,nietzs*e's def9ition ( ! t]ms good & bad4 ,all t elevates ! s5se ( p[]1 ! w to p[]1 & p[] itself--?is is h[ he def9$ good4 ,all t proce$s f weakness--?is is h[ he def9$ bad4 ,happ9ess1 he held1 is ! feel+ t p[] increases--t resi/ance is be+ ov]come4 ,i prea* n cont5t$ness1 he said1 b m p[]2 n peace1 b w>2 n virtue1 b effici5cy4 ,! weak & defective mu/ g to ! wall3 t is ! fir/ pr9ciple ( ! dionysian *>ity4 ,& we mu/ help !m to g4#b ,to put x m simply1 ,nietzs*e (f]s ! gospel ( prud5t & intellig5t selfi%ness1 ( absolute & utt] individualism4 ,"o mu/ le>n1 sang ,z>a?u/ra1 h[ to love oneself1 ) a :ole & he>ty love1 t "o may f9d life ) oneself endurable1 & n g gadd+ ab\t4 ,?is gadd+ ab\t is famili>3 x is call$ lov+ "o's neighbor4'#c ,8 ideal 0 an ari/ocracy :i* reg>d$ ! prolet>iat m]ely z a conglom]ation ( draft animals made to be driv51 enslav$ & exploit$4 ,a good & heal?y ari/ocracy1 he said1 mu/ acquiesce1 ) a good consci5ce1 9 ! sacrifice ( a legion ( individuals1 :o1 = its b5efit1 mu/ be r$uc$ to slaves & tools4 ,! masses h no "r to exi/ on _! own acc\nt3 _! sole excuse = liv+ lies 9 _! usefulness z a sort ( sup]/ructure or scaffold+1 ^u :i* a m select race ( be+s may be elevat$4#d ,reject+ all p]man5t rules ( good & evil & all notions ( bro!rhood1 ,nietzs*e held t ! ari/ocratic individuali/--& x 0 to ! ari/ocrat only t he gave1 unres]v$ly1 ! "n ( human be+--mu/ seek e possible opportunity to increase & exalt 8 own s5se ( effici5cy1 ( success1 ( ma/]y1 ( p[]4 ,:atev] t5d$ to impair him1 or to decrease 8 effici5cy1 0 bad4 ,:atev] t5d$ to increase x--at no matt] :at co/ to o!rs--0 good4 ,!re mu/ be a complete surr5d] to ! law ( natural selection--t inv>iable natural law :i* orda9s t ! fit %all survive & ! unfit %all p]i%4 ,all gr[? mu/ occur at ! top4 ,! /rong mu/ gr[ /rong]1 & t !y may d s1 !y mu/ wa/e no /r5g? 9 ! va9 task ( try+ to lift up ! weak4 ,! read] may int]rupt "h ) ! "q we enc\nt]$ at ! />t3 h[ is ! dionysian individuali/ to "k :e!r a giv5 action w b5efit him or injure him8 ,! answ]1 ( c\rse1 lies 9 ! obvi\s fact t1 9 e heal?y man1 in/9ct supplies a v reliable guide1 & t1 :5 in/9ct fails or is unc]ta91 exp]im5t mu/ solve ! problem4 ,z a g5]al ?+1 no?+ is m pat5t ?an ! feel+ ( p[]--! s5se ( effici5cy1 ( capacity1 ( ma/]y4 ,e man is con/antly & unconsci\sly measur+ himself ) 8 neighbors1 & s becom+ acutely aw>e ( ^? ?+s 9 :i* he is _! sup]ior4 ,let two m5 cla% 9 ! /ock m>ket & x becomes in/antly app>5t t "o is ri*]1 or m res\rceful or m cunn+ ?an ! o!r4 ,let two m5 run aft] an omnibus & x becomes in/antly app>5t t "o is swift] ?an ! o!r4 ,let two m5 come toge!r z rivals 9 love1 w>1 dr9k+ or hol9ess1 & "o is b\nd to feel t he has be/$ ! o!r4 ,su* conte/s are inf9ite 9 v>iety & 9 numb]1 & all life1 9 fact1 is made up ( !m4 ,!re=e1 x is pla9 t e man is consci\s ( 8 p[]1 & aw>e ( x :5 ?is p[] is successfully ex]t$ aga9/ "s o!r man4 ,9 su* ex]tions1 argues ,nietzs*e1 lies happ9ess1 & s 8 prescription = happ9ess consi/s 9 unre/ra9$ yield+ to ! w to p[]4 ,t all m5 wor? discuss+ s yield1 despite ! moral dem& = humility1 is s pla9 t x sc>cely ne$s /atem5t4 ,x is ! desire to atta9 & manife/ effici5cy & sup]iority :i* makes "o man explore ! wilds ( ,africa & ano!r pile up va/ weal? & ano!r write books ( philosophy & ano!r submit to pa9 & mutilation 9 ! prize r+4 ,x is ?is ye>n+ :i* makes m5 take *ances & risk _! lives & limbs = glory4 ,ev]ybody kn[s1 inde$1 t 9 ! abs5ce ( su* a primordial & univ]sal emulation ! _w w\ld /& /ill & ! race w\ld die4 ,nietzs*e asks no?+ m ?an t ! fact be op5ly recogniz$ & admitt$2 t e man yield to ! ye>n+ una%am$1 )\t hypocrisy & )\t wa/eful ef=ts to fe$ & satisfy ! ye>n+ ( o!r m5 at ! exp5se ( 8 own4 ,x is evid5t1 ( c\rse1 t ! feel+ ( sup]iority has a complem5t 9 ! feel+ ( inf]iority4 ,e man1 9 o!r words1 sees himself1 9 respect to "s tal5t possess$ 9 common by himself & a rival1 9 "o ( ?ree ways3 he kn[s t he is sup]ior1 he kn[s t he is inf]ior1 or he is 9 d\bt4 ,9 ! fir/ case1 says ,nietzs*e1 ! ?+ = him to d is to make 8 sup]iority /ill great] by yield+ to its /imulation3 to make ! gap betwe5 himself & 8 rival wid] & wid]4 ,9 ! second case1 ! ?+ = him to d is to try to make ! gap small]3 to lift himself up or to pull 8 rival d[n until !y are equal or ! old disproportion is rev]s$4 ,9 ! ?ird case1 x is 8 duty to plunge into a conte/ & risk 8 all ^u ! ca/ ( ! die4 ,i d n exhort y to peace1 says ,z>a?u/ra1 b to victory6#e ,if victory comes n1 let x be defeat1 dea? & annihilation--b1 9 any ev5t1 let !re be a fair fight4 ,)\t ?is con/ant /rife--?is con/ant te/+--?is con/ant elim9ation ( ! unfit--!re c be no progress4 ,z ! small] surr5d]s himself to ! great]1 s ! great] mu/ surr5d] himself to ! w to p[] & /ake life ^u ! issue4 ,x is ! mission ( ! greate/ to run risk & dang]--to ca/ dice ) dea?4#f ,p[]1 9 a ^w1 is nev] inf9ite3 x is always becom+4 ,practically & 9 pla9 language1 :at does all ?is mean8 ,simply t ,nietzs*e prea*es a mighty crusade aga9/ all ^? e?ical ideas :i* tea* a man to sacrifice himself = ! !oretical good ( 8 inf]iors4 ,a culture :i* t5ds to equalize1 he says1 is necess>ily a culture :i* t5ds to rob ! /rong & s drag !m d[n1 = ! /rong _c give ( _! /r5g? to ! weak )\t decreas+ _! /ore4 ,!re mu/ be an un5d+ ef=t to wid5 ! gap2 !re mu/ be a con/ant se>* = advantage1 an inf9ite al]tness4 ,! /rong man mu/ rid himself ( all idea t x is disgraceful to yield to 8 acute & ev] pres5t ye>n+ = /ill m /r5g?4 ,!re mu/ be an ab&onm5t ( ! old slave-morality & a transvaluation ( moral values4 ,! w to p[] mu/ be emancipat$ f ! bonds ( t sy/em ( e?ics :i* br&s x ) infamy1 & s makes ! "o all-p[]ful in/9ct ( e s5ti5t creature loa?some & abom9able4 ,x is only ! "u-dog1 he says1 t believes 9 equality4 ,x is only ! grovel+ & ineffici5t mob t seeks to r$uce all humanity to "o dead level1 = x is only ! mob t w\ld ga9 by su* level+4 ',!re are no high] m51' says ! cr[d 9 ! m>ket place4 ',we are all equal2 man is man2 9 ! pres5ce ( ,god we are all equal6' ,9 ! pres5ce ( ,god1 inde$6 ,b ,i tell y t ,god is dead6 ,s ?und]s ,z>a?u/ra4#g ,t is to say1 our idea ( bro!rhood is "p ( ! mob-morality ( ! anci5t ,jews1 :o evolv$ x out ( _! own helplessness & cr$it$ x to _! god4 ,we h inh]it$ _! morality ) _! god & s we f9d x difficult--9 ! mass--to rid ourselves ( _! po9t ( view4 ,nietzs*e himself reject$ utt]ly ! ,judaic god & he believ$ t ! great majority ( intellig5t m5 ( 8 "t 7 ( 8 m9d4 ,t he 0 n f> wrong 9 ?is assumption is evid5t to ev]yone4 ,at ! pres5t "t1 inde$1 x is next to impossible to f9d a sane man 9 all ! _w :o believes 9 ! actual exi/5ce ( ! deity describ$ 9 ! old te/am5t4 ,all !ology is n[ an ef=t to expla9 away ?is god4 ,!re=e1 argues ,nietzs*e1 x is useless to pr(ess an ins9c]e concurr5ce 9 a !i/ic idea at :i* our common s5se revolts1 & ridicul\s to ma9ta9 ! inviolability ( an e?ical s*eme gr\nd$ ^u ?is idea4 ,x may be urg$ "h t1 ev5 if ! god ( ,judea is dead1 ! idea ( bro!rhood /ill fives1 & t1 z a matt] ( fact1 x is an idea inh]5t 9 ! nature ( man1 & "o t owes no?+ to ! reject$ sup]naturalism :i* once =tifi$ & en=c$ x4 ,t is to say1 x may be argu$ t ! impulse to self-sacrifice & mutual help is itself an in/9ct4 ,! answ] to ?is lies 9 ! v pat5t fact t x is n4 ,no?+1 inde$1 is m app>5t ?an ! ess5tial selfi%ness ( man4 ,9 s f> z !y are able to defy or evade ! moral code )\t %ame or damage1 ! /rong always exploit ! weak4 ,! ri* man puts up ! price ( ! necessities ( life & s makes himself ri*] & ! poor poor]4 ,! emp]or combats democracy4 ,! political boss opposes ! w ( ! p = 8 own advantage4 ,! inv5tor pat5ts 8 inv5tions & s increases 8 relative sup]iority to ! common run ( m54 ,! ecclesia/ic leaves a small p>i% = a l>g] "o--because ! pay is bett] or ! field (f]s wid] opportunities1 i4e4 gives him a bett] *ance to save s\ls & s increases 8 feel+ ( effici5cy4 ,! philan?ropi/ gives away millions because ! giv+ visualizes & makes evid5t to all m5 8 virtue & p[]4 ,x is ev] ! same 9 ?is we>y old _w3 e slave w\ld be a ma/] if he c\ld4 ,!re=e1 :y d5y x8 ,:y make x a crime to d :at e man's in/9cts prompt him to d8 ,:y call x a s9 to d :at e man does1 ins(> z he c8 ,! man :o ?r[s away 8 money or cripples himself ) dr9k1 or turns away f 8 opportunities--we call him a lunatic or a fool4 ,& yet1 :]e9 does he diff] f ! ideal holy man ( our slave-morality--! holy man :o tortures himself1 neglects 8 body1 />ves 8 m9d & r$uces himself to p>asitism1 t ! weak1 ! useless & unfit may h1 ?r\gh 8 m9i/rations1 "s measure ( ease8 ,su* is ! argum5t ( ! dionysian philosophy4 ,x is an argum5t = ! actual facts ( exi/5ce--h[ev] unrighte\s & ugly ^? facts may be4 ,t ! lift+ up ( ! weak1 9 ! long run1 is an unpr(itable & useless bus9ess is evid5t on v brief reflection4 ,philan?ropy1 consid]$ l>gely1 is inevitably a failure4 ,n[ & !n we may trans=m an individual paup] or drunk>d into a useful1 produc+ citiz51 b ?is happ5s v seldom4 ,no?+ is m pat5t1 inde$1 ?an ! fact t *>ity m]ely conv]ts ! unfit--:o1 9 ! c\rse ( nature1 w\ld soon die out & s cease to encumb] ! e>?--into p>asites--:o live on indef9itely1 a nuisance & a burd5 to _! bett]s4 ,! re=m$ drunk>d always goes back to 8 cups3 drunk>dness1 z e physician kn[s1 is z ess5tially incurable z cong5ital insanity4 ,& x is ! same ) pov]ty4 ,we may help a paup] to survive by giv+ him food & dr9k1 b we _c !reby make an effici5t man ( him--we _c rid him ( ! unfitness :i* made him a paup]4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 exceptions to ?is1 z to o!r rules1 b ! validity ( ! rule itself w n be que/ion$ by any obs]vant man4 ,x goes unque/ion$1 inde$1 by ^? :o prea* ! doctr9e ( *>ity ! l\de/4 ,!y "k x w\ld be absurd to argue t help+ ! unfit is pr(itable to ! race1 & s !y fall back1 soon or late1 ^u ! argum5t t *>ity is orda9$ ( ,god & t ! impulse to x is implant$ 9 e dec5t man4 ,nietzs*e flatly d5ies ?is4 ,*>ity1 he says1 is a man-made idea1 ) :i* ! gods h no?+ to d4 ,its sole effect is to ma9ta9 ! useless at ! exp5se ( ! /rong4 ,9 ! mass1 ! help$ c nev] hope to dis*>ge 9 full _! debt to ! help]s4 ,! result ^u ! race is ?us retrogression4 ,& n[ = our second "q4 ,:at 0 ! goal ,nietzs*e _h 9 m9d = 8 immorali/8 ,:at 0 to be ! f9al outcome ( 8 ov]turn+ ( all morality8 ,did he believe ! human race w\ld progress until m5 became gods & controll$ ! sun & />s z !y n[ control ! fl[ ( great riv]s8 ,or did he believe t ! end ( x all w\ld be annihilation8 ,aft] ! publication ( ,nietzs*e's e>li] books1 ) _! ru?less te>+ d[n ( ! old morality1 ^! que/ions 7 ask$ by critics innum]able 9 all ! c\ntries ( ,europe4 ,! philosoph] 0 laugh$ at z a crazy iconocla/ :o de/roy$ )\t rebuild+4 ,he 0 call$ a vision>y & a lunatic1 & x 0 report$ & believ$ t he _h no answ]3 t 8 philosophy 0 doom$ to be> itself to ! e>?1 l an ar* )\t a key/one4 ,b 9 ,april1 #ahhc1 he began ! publication ( ,also spra* ,z>a?u/ra & !re9 8 reply 0 writt5 l>ge4 ,i tea* y1 cries ,z>a?u/ra1 ! sup]man6 ,man is some?+ t %all be surpass$4 ,:at1 to man1 is ! ape8 ,a joke or a %ame4 ,man %all be ! same to ! sup]man3 a joke or %ame4444 ,man is a bridge connect+ ape & sup]man4444 ,! sup]man w be ! f9al fl[] & ultimate expression ( ! e>?4 ,i conjure y to be fai?ful to ! e>? 444 to cease look+ beyond ! />s = y\r hopes & rew>ds4 ,y mu/ sacrifice y\rself to ! e>? t "o day x may br+ =? ! sup]man4#h ,"h we he>k5 unto ! mat]iali/1 ! empirici/1 ! moni/ p> excell5ce4 ,& h]e9 we p]ceive dimly ! outl9es ( ! sup]man4 ,he w be rid ( all delusions t hamp] & oppress ! w to p[]4 ,he w be p]fect 9 body & p]fect 9 m9d4 ,he w "k ev]y?+ wor? kn[+ & h /r5g? & skill & cunn+ to def5d himself aga9/ any conceivable foe4 ,because ! prospect ( victory w fe$ 8 w to p[] he w delight 9 combat1 & 8 increas+ capacity = combat w decrease 8 s5sitiv5ess to pa94 ,consci\s ( 8 effici5cy1 he w be happy2 hav+ no illusions reg>d+ a heav5 & a hell1 he w be cont5t4 ,he w see life z some?+ pleasant--some?+ to be fac$ gladly & ) a laugh4 ,he w say yes alike to its pleasures & to its ills4 ,rid ( ! notion t !re is any?+ fil?y 9 liv+--t ! fle% is abom9able#i & life an affliction#aj--;he w gr[ bett] & bett] fitt$ to meet ! conditions ( actual exi/5ce4 ,he w be scornful1 m]ciless & supremely fit4 ,he w be set free f man's fe> ( gods & ( laws1 j z man has be5 set free f ! ape's fe> ( lions & ( op5 places4 ,to put x simply1 ! sup]man's !sis w be ?is3 t he has be5 put into ! _w )\t 8 cons5t1 t he mu/ live 9 ! _w1 t he owes no?+ to ! o!r p !re1 & t he kn[s no?+ :atev] ( exi/5ce beyond ! grave4 ,!re=e1 x w be 8 ef=t to atta9 ! highe/ possible measure ( satisfaction = ! only unmi/akable & g5u9ely heal?y in/9ct )9 him3 ! ye>n+ to live--to atta9 p[]--to meet & ov]come ! influ5ces :i* w\ld weak5 or de/roy him4 ,keep y\rselves up1 my bre?r51 cautions ,z>a?u/ra1 le>n to keep y\rselves up6 ,! sea is /ormy & _m seek to keep afloat by y\r aid4 ,! sea is /ormy & all are ov]bo>d4 ,well1 *e] up & save y\rselves1 ye old seam56444 ,:at is y\r fa!rl&8 ,! l& :]e9 y\r *ildr5 w dwell4444 ,?us does y\r love to ^! remote ones speak3 ',disreg>d y\r neighbors6 ,man is some?+ to be surpass$6' ,surpass y\rself at ! exp5se ( y\r neighbor4 ,:at y _c seize1 let no man give y4444 ,let him :o c comm&1 obey6#aa ,! idea1 by ?is "t1 %\ld be pla94 ,! sup]man1 9 ! /ruggle = exi/5ce1 asks & gives no qu>t]4 ,he believes t x is ! de/9y ( s5ti5t be+s to progress upw>d1 & he is will+ to sacrifice himself t 8 race may d s4 ,b 8 sacrifice mu/ b5efit1 n 8 neighbor--n ! man :o %\ld & mu/ look out = himself--b ! g5]ations yet unborn4 ,x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ! sup]man w make a broad di/9ction betwe5 in/9ct & passion--t he w n mi/ake ! complex ?+ we call love1 ) its co/ly & con/ant hurricanes ( emotion1 = ! in/9ct ( reproduction--t he w n mi/ake m]e ang] = w>--t he w n mi/ake patriotism1 ) all its absurdities & illusions1 = ! hom+ in/9ct4 ,! sup]man1 9 brief1 w "k h[ to r5\nce z well z h[ to possess1 b 8 r5unciation w be ! *ild1 n ( fai? or ( *>ity1 b ( exp$i5cy4 ,w no?+ beyond y\r capacity1 says ,z>a?u/ra4 ,dem& no?+ ( y\rself t is beyond a*ievem5t6444 ,! high] a ?+ is1 ! less (t5 does x succe$4 ,be ( good *e]6 ,:at matt]6 ,le>n to laugh at y\rselves6444 ,suppose y h fail$8 ,has n ! future ga9$ by y\r failure8#ab ,! sup]man1 z ,nietzs*e 0 fond ( putt+ x1 mu/ play at dice ) dea?4 ,he mu/ h ev] 9 m9d no o!r goal b ! good ( ! g5]ations aft] him4 ,he mu/ be will+ to battle ) 8 fell[s1 z ) illusions1 t ^? :o came aft] may n be afflict$ by ^! enemies4 ,he mu/ be supremely unmoral & unscrupul\s4 ,8 mu/ be ! gospel ( et]nal defiance4 ,nietzs*e1 x w be obs]v$1 0 unable to give any v def9ite picture ( ?is pr\d1 heav5-kiss+ sup]man4 ,x is only 9 ,z>a?u/ra's prea*m5ts to ! high] man1 a sort ( bridge betwe5 man & sup]man1 t we may disc]n ! philosophy ( ! latt]4 ,on "o occasion ,nietzs*e p5n$ a passage :i* seem$ to comp>e ! sup]man to ! great blond bea/s :i* rang$ ,europe 9 ! days ( ! mammo?1 & f ?is fact _m comm5tators h drawn ! conclusion t he _h 9 m9d a m]e two-legg$ brute1 ) none ( ! high] traits t we n[ speak ( z di/9ctly human4 ,b1 z a matt] ( fact1 he h>bor$ no su* idea4 ,9 ano!r place1 :]e9 he speaks ( ?ree metamorphoses ( ! race1 "u ! allegorical names ( ! camel1 ! lion & ! *ild1 he makes ?is pla94 ,! camel1 a hopeless bea/ ( burd51 is man4 ,b :5 ! camel goes into ! solit>y des]t1 x ?r[s (f its burd5 & becomes a lion4 ,t is to say1 ! heavy & hamp]+ load ( artificial dead-weight call$ morality is ca/ aside & ! in/9ct to live--or1 z ,nietzs*e insi/s ^u reg>d+ x1 ! w to p[]--is giv5 free re94 ,! lion is ! high] man--! int]m$iate /age betwe5 man & sup]man4 ,! latt] appe>s nei!r z camel nor lion1 b z a little *ild4 ,he kn[s a little *ild's peace4 ,he has a little *ild's calm4 ,l a babe 9 ut]o he is ideally adapt$ to 8 environm5t4 ,z>a?u/ra sees man l a camel kneel+ d[n to be heavy lad54 ,:at are 8 burd5s8 ,"o is to humiliate oneself4 ,ano!r is to love ^? :o despise u4 ,9 ! des]t comes ! fir/ metamorphosis1 & ! ?\ %alt ( ! camel becomes ! ,i w ( ! lion4 ,& :at is ! mission ( ! lion8 ,to create = itself fre$om = new creat+4 ,aft] ! lion comes ! *ild4 ,x is innoc5ce & oblivion1 a new />t+1 a play1 a :eel roll+ by itself1 a prime motor1 a holy ass]t+4 ,! ?\ght "h is ca/ 9 ! height5$ language ( my/ic poetry1 b its mean+1 ,i take x1 is n lo/4#ac ,nietzs*e1 ev5 m ?an ,s*op5hau]1 recogniz$ ! fact t great m5tal progress--9 ! s5se t m5tal progress means an increas$ capacity = grappl+ ) ! conditions ( exi/5ce--necess>ily has to dep5d ^u physical effici5cy4 ,9 exceptional cases a great m9d may inhabit a diseas$ body1 b x is obvi\s t ?is is n ! rule4 ,a nation 9 :i* ! av]age man _h b "o h& & ! duration ( life 0 b #bj ye>s c\ld n hope to cope ) ev5 ! weake/ nation ( mod]n ,europe4 ,s x is pla9 t ! fir/ /ep 9 ! improvem5t ( ! race mu/ be ! improvem5t ( ! body4 ,jesus ,*ri/ gave expression to ?is ne$ by heal+ ! sick1 & ! *ief end & aim ( all mod]n sci5ce is t ( mak+ life m & m be>able4 ,e labor-sav+ ma*9e ev] inv5t$ by man has no o!r purpose ?an t ( sav+ bodily we> & te>4 ,e religion aims to rescue man f ! rack+ fe> ( hell & ! /ra9 ( try+ to solve ! great problems ( exi/5ce = himself4 ,e s*eme ( gov]nm5t t we "k is1 at bottom1 a m]e device = protect+ human be+s f injury & dea?4 ,?us x w be se5 t ,nietzs*e's program ( progress does n diff] f o!r programs q s mu* z1 at fir/ sight1 x may seem to d4 ,he laid d[n ! pr9ciple t1 be=e any?+ else c\ld be accompli%$1 we mu/ h fir/ look$ to ! human ma*9e4 ,z we h se51 ! intellect is a m]e symptom ( ! w to live4 ,!re=e :atev] removes ob/acles to ! free ex]cise ( ?is w to live1 necess>ily promotes & increases intellig5ce4 ,a race t 0 nev] incapacitat$ by illness w\ld be bett] fitt$ ?an any o!r race = any conceivable intellectual pursuit3 f mak+ money to conjugat+ ,greek v]bs4 ,nietzs*e m]ely /ates ?is obvi\s fact 9 an unaccu/om$ =m4 ,8 sup]man is to give 8 w to live--or w to p[]1 z y please--p]fect fre$om4 ,z a result1 ^? individuals 9 :om ?is in/9ct mo/ accurately meets ! conditions ( life on e>? w survive1 & 9 _! (fspr+1 by natural laws1 ! in/9ct itself w become m & m accurate4 ,t is to say1 !re w appe> 9 future g5]ations individuals 9 :om ?is in/9ct w t5d m & m to ord] ! p]=mance ( acts ( positive b5efit & to =bid ! p]=mance ( acts likely to result 9 injury4 ,?is injury1 x is pla91 may take ! =m ( unsatisfi$ wants z well z ( brok5 skulls4 ,!re=e1 ! man--or sup]man--9 :om ! in/9ct rea*es p]fection w unconsci\sly /e] cle> ( all ! ?+s :i* h>ass & batt] mank9d today--exhau/+ self-d5ials z well z exhau/+ passions4 ,:atev] seems likely to b5efit him1 he w d2 :atev] seems likely to injure him he w avoid4 ,:5 he is 9 d\bt1 he w d>e--& accept defeat or victory ) equal calm4 ,8 attitude1 9 brief1 w be t ( a be+ :o faces life z he f9ds x1 defiantly & unafraid--:o kn[s h[ to fight & h[ to =be>--:o sees ?+s z !y actually are1 & n z !y might or %\ld be1 & s wa/es no en]gy ye>n+ = ! moon or 9 butt+ 8 head aga9/ /one walls4 ,?is new table1 ,o my bre?r51 ,i put ov] y3 ,be h>d6#ad ,su* 0 ! goal t ,nietzs*e held be=e ! human race4 ,o!r philosoph]s be=e him _h attempt$ ! same ?+4 ,s*op5hau] _h put =w>d 8 idea ( a race t _h f\nd happ9ess 9 putt+ away its desire to live4 ,comte _h se5 a vision ( a race ^: e memb] s\ght ! good ( all4 ,! humanit>ians ( all c\ntries _h drawn pictures ( ,utopias peopl$ by be+s :o _h outgr[n all human in/9cts--:o _h outgr[n ! "o fundam5tal1 unqu5*able & et]nal in/9ct ( e liv+ ?+3 ! desire to conqu]1 to live1 to rema9 alive4 ,nietzs*e ca/ out all ^! f9e ideals z ess5tially impossible4 ,man 0 ( ! e>?1 e>?y1 & 8 heav5s & hells 7 creatures ( 8 own vapor+s4 ,only aft] he _h ceas$ dream+ ( !m & ?r[n (f 8 cru%+ burd5 ( transc5d5tal morality--only ?us & !n c\ld he hope to rise out ( ! sl\gh ( despond 9 :i* he wall[$4 #a ,nirvana is a cessation ( /riv+ = individual exi/5ce--t is1 aft] dea?4 ,see ,diction>y ( ,philosophy & ,psy*ology1 vol4 ,,ii1 pp4 #agh2 ,new ,york1 #aijb4 #b ,d] ,anti*ri/1 #b4 #c ,also spra* ,z>a?u/ra1 ,,iii4 #d ,j5seits von ,gut und ,bse1 #beh4 #e ,also spra* ,z>a?u/ra1 ,i4 #f ,also spra* ,z>a?u/ra1 ,,ii4 #g ,also spra* ,z>a?u/ra1 ,,iv4 #h ,also spra* ,z>a?u/ra1 ,i4 #i ,galatians ,v1 #ai1 #bj1 #ba4 #aj ,job ,v1 #g2 ,,xiv1 #a2 ,ecclesia/es ,i1 #a4 #aa ,also spra* ,z>a?u/ra1 ,i4 #ab ,also spra* ,z>a?u/ra1 ,,iv4 #ac ,also spra* ,z>a?u/ra1 ,i4 #ad ,also spra* ,z>a?u/ra1 ,,iii4 ,v ,,et]nal ,,recurr5ce ,9 ! sup]man ,nietzs*e %[$ ! _w a conceivable & possible goal = all human ef=t4 ,b !re /ill rema9$ a problem & x 0 ?is3 ,:5 ! sup]man at la/ appe>s on e>?1 :at !n8 ,w !re be ano!r sup]-sup]man to foll[ & a sup]-sup]sup]man aft] t8 ,9 ! end1 w man become ! equal ( ! creator ( ! univ]se1 :oev] or :atev] ,he may be8 ,or w a p]iod ( decl9e come aft]1 ) a return d[n ! long l9e1 ?r\gh ! sup]man to man aga91 & !n on to ! an?ropoid ape1 to ! l[] mammals1 to ! asexual cell1 &1 f9ally1 to m]e in]t matt]1 gas1 e!r & empty space8 ,nietzs*e answ]$ ^! que/ions by (f]+ ! !ory t ! univ]se moves 9 regul> cycles & t all :i* is n[ happ5+ on e>?1 & 9 all ! />s1 to ! utt]mo/1 w be repeat$1 aga9 & aga91 ?r\gh\t et]nity4 ,9 o!r words1 he dream$ ( a cosmic ye>1 correspond+1 9 "s fa%ion1 to ! t]re/rial ye>4 ,man1 :o has sprung f ! elem5ts1 w rise into sup]man1 & p]haps inf9itely beyond1 & !n1 9 ! end1 by cata/rophe or sl[ decl9e1 he w be resolv$ into ! prim>y elem5ts aga91 & ! :ole process w beg9 anew4 ,?is notion1 x mu/ be admitt$1 0 n orig9al ) ,nietzs*e & x w\ld h be5 bett] = 8 philosophy & = 8 repute z an intellig5t ?9k] _h he nev] s\ght to elucidate x4 ,9 8 e>ly essay on hi/ory he fir/ m5tion$ x & !re he cr$it$ x to its probable inv5tors--! ,py?agoreans4#a ,x 0 _! belief t1 :5ev] ! heav5ly bodies all return$ to c]ta9 fix$ relative positions1 ! :ole hi/ory ( ! univ]se began anew4 ,! idea seem$ to fasc9ate ,nietzs*e1 9 :om1 despite 8 wor%ip ( ! actual1 !re 0 an ev]-evid5t /ra9 ( my/icism1 & he ref]r$ to x (t5 9 8 lat] books4 ,! pure horror ( x--( ! notion t all ! _w's suff]+ w\ld h to be repeat$ aga9 & aga91 t m5 w\ld h to die ov] & ov] aga9 = all inf9ity1 t !re 0 no /opp+ place or f9al goal--! horror ( all ?is appeal$ p[]fully to 8 imag9ation4 ,frau ,&reas-,salom tells u t he spoke ( x only 9 a l[ voice & ) e sign ( ! pr(\nde/ emotion & !re is reason to believe t1 at "o "t1 he ?\ght !re might be "s confirmation ( x 9 ! atomic !ory1 & t 8 desire to g to ,vi5na to /udy ! natural sci5ces 0 prompt$ by a wi% to inve/igate ?is notion4 ,f9ally he became conv9c$ t !re 0 no gr\nd = su* a belief 9 any ( ! kn[n facts ( sci5ce1 & aft] t1 we are told1 8 %udd]+ horror left him4 ,x 0 !n possible = him to deal ) ! doctr9e ( et]nal recurr5ce z a m]e philosophical speculation1 )\t ! uncom=table reality ( a demon/rat$ sci5tific fact1 & !reaft] he sp5t mu* "t consid]+ x4 ,9 ,also spra* ,z>a?u/ra he puts x into ! bra9 ( 8 prophet-h]o1 & %[s h[ x well-nigh drove ! latt] mad4 ,i w come back1 muses ,z>a?u/ra1 ) ?is sun1 ) ?is e>?1 ) ?is eagle1 ) ?is s]p5t--n = a new life or a bett] life1 b to ! same life ,i am n[ lead+4 ,i w come back unto ?is same old life1 9 ! greate/ ?+s & 9 ! smalle/1 9 ord] to tea* once m ! et]nal recurr5ce ( all ?+s4#b ,9 ! end1 ,nietzs*e turn$ ?is fanta/ic idea into a device = exalt+ 8 sup]man4 ,! sup]man is "o :o realizes t all ( 8 /ruggles w be 9 va91 & t1 9 future cycles1 he w h to g ?r\gh !m ov] & ov] aga94 ,yet he has atta9$ su* a sup]human immunity to all emotion--to all ideas ( pleasure & pa9--t ! prospect does n daunt him4 ,despite its horror1 he faces x unafraid4 ,x is all a "p ( life1 & 9 consequ5ce x is good4 ,he has le>n$ to agree to ev]y?+ t exi/s--ev5 to ! gha/ly necessity = liv+ aga9 & aga94 ,9 a ^w1 he does n fe> an endless s]ies ( lives1 because life1 to him1 has lo/ all ! t]rors :i* a m]ely human man sees 9 x4 ,let u n only endure ! inevitable1 says ,nietzs*e1 & /ill less hide x f ourselves3 let u love x6 ,z ,v]non ,lee 7,miss ,violet ,paget7#c has po9t$ out1 ?is idea is sc>cely to be di/+ui%$ f ! fundam5tal t5et ( /oicism4 ,miss ,paget also says t x be>s a close family resemblance to t d5ial ( pa9 :i* =ms ! basis ( ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce1 b ?is is n true1 = a va/ diff]5ce exi/s betwe5 a m]e d5ial ( pa9 & a will+ness to admit x1 face x1 & triumph ov] x4 ,b ! notion appe>s1 9 endless guises1 9 _m philosophies & ,goe! voic$ x1 aft] a fa%ion1 9 8 maxim1 ,entbehr5 soll/ du 7,man mu/ d )\t74 ,! idea ( et]nal recurr5ce gives po9t1 aga91 to a famili> anecdote4 ,?is conc]ns a jok] :o goes to an inn1 eats 8 fill & !n says to ! innkeep]3 ,y & ,i w be "h aga9 9 a million ye>s3 let me pay y !n4 ,v well1 replies ! quick-witt$ innkeep]1 b fir/ pay me = ! beef/eak y ate ! la/ "t y 7 "h--a million ye>s ago4 ,despite ,nietzs*e's conclusion t ! kn[n facts ( exi/5ce d n be> x out1 & ! ess5tial impossibility ( discuss+ x to pr(it1 ! doctr9e ( et]nal recurr5ce is by no means un?9kable4 ,! cele/ial cycle put =w>d1 z an hypo!sis1 by mod]n a/ronomy--! progression1 t is1 f gas to molt5 fluid1 f fluid to solid1 & f solid1 by cata/rophe1 back to gas aga9--is easily conceivable1 & x is easily conceivable1 too1 t ! e>?1 :i* has pass$ ?r\gh an un9habitable /ate into a habitable /ate1 may "o day become un9habitable aga91 & s keep seesaw+ back & =? ?r\gh all et]nity4 ,b :at w be ! effect ( et]nal recurr5ce ^u ! sup]man8 ,! trag$y ( x1 z we h se51 w m]ely s]ve to make him h]oic4 ,he w defy ! univ]se & say yes to life4 ,putt+ aside all ?\ght ( consci\s exi/5ce beyond ! grave1 he w seek to live z ne>ly z possible 9 exact accordance ) ^? laws laid d[n = ! evolution ( s5ti5t be+s on e>? :5 ! cosmos 0 fir/ set sp9n+4 ,b h[ w he "k :5 he has atta9$ ?is end8 ,h[ w he avoid go+ mad ) d\bts ab\t 8 own k8 ,nietzs*e gave mu* ?\ght1 fir/ & la/1 to ?is epi/emological problem1 & at diff]5t times he lean$ t[>d diff]5t s*ools1 b 8 writ+1 tak5 z a :ole1 indicates t ! fruit ( 8 m$itations 0 a ?or\gh-go+ empiricism4 ,! sup]man1 inde$1 is an empirici/ :o diff]s f ,bacon only 9 ! inf9itely great] range ( 8 obs]vation & exp]im5t4 ,he le>ns by bitt] exp]i5ce & he g5]alizes f ?is k4 ,an utt] & unque/ion+ mat]iali/1 he kn[s no?+ ( m9d except z a function ( body4 ,to him speculation seems va9 & fooli%3 8 conc]n is ev] ) imm95t affairs4 ,t is to say1 he believes a ?+ to be true :5 8 eyes1 8 e>s1 8 nose & 8 h&s tell him x is true4 ,& 9 ?is he w be at "o ) all ^? m5 :o are admitt$ly above ! mass today4 ,reject empiricism & y reject at "o /roke1 ! :ole sum ( human k4 ,:5 a man /ubs 8 toe1 = example1 ! facts t ! injur$ memb] swells & t x hurts mo/ frightfully appe> to him z absolute c]ta9ties4 ,if we d5y t he actually kn[s ^! ?+s & ma9ta9 t ! spectacle ( ! swell+ & ! s5sation ( pa9 are m]e creatures ( 8 m9d1 we ca/ adrift f all ord] & common-s5se 9 ! univ]se & g sail+ ^u a /ormy sea ( crazy metaphysics & s5seless contradictions4 ,!re are _m ?+s t we d n "k1 & 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 nev] c "k4 ,we d n "k :y phosphorus has a t5d5cy to comb9e ) oxyg51 b ! fact t x has we d "k--& if we try to d5y we d "k x1 we mu/ d5y t we are s5ti5t be+s1 & 9 consequ5ce1 mu/ reg>d life & ! univ]se z m]e illusions4 ,no man ) a s\nd m9d makes any su* d5ial4 ,! ?+s ab\t u are real1 j z our feel+ t we are alive is real4#d ,f ?is x mu/ be pla9 t ! sup]man w h ! same guides t we h1 viz43 8 in/9cts & s5ses4 ,b 9 him !y w be m accurate & m acute ?an 9 u1 because ! :ole t5d5cy ( 8 s*eme ( ?+s w be to =tify & develop !m4#e ,if any race ( ,europe devot$ a c5tury to ex]cis+ its "r arms1 its desc5dants1 9 ! c5tury foll[+1 w\ld h "r arms l pi/on-rods4 ,9 ! same way1 ! sup]man1 by subord9at+ ev]y?+ else to 8 in/9ct to live1 w make x evolve into some?+ v accurate & effici5t4 ,8 :ole conc]n1 9 brief1 w be to live z long z possible & s to avoid z mu* z possible all ( ^? ?+s :i* %ort5 life--by injur+ ! body f )\t or by us+ up en]gy )94 ,z a result he w cease all ef=t to le>n :y ! _w exi/s & w devote himself to acquir+ k h[ x exi/s4 ,?is k h[ w be )9 8 capacity ev5 m ?an x is )9 our capacity today4 ,our s5ses1 z we h se51 h giv5 u absolute k t /ubb+ ! toe results 9 swell+ & pa94 ,! sup]man's develop$ s5ses w give him absolute k ab\t ev]y?+ t exi/s on e>?4 ,he w "k exactly h[ a tub]cle bacillus attacks ! lung tissue1 he w "k exactly h[ ! blood fights ! bacillus1 & he w "k exactly h[ to int]f]e 9 ?is battle 9 su* a mann] t ! blood %all be inv>iably victori\s4 ,9 a ^w1 he w be ! possessor ( exact & complete k reg>d+ ! work+ ( all ! b5ign & malignant =ces 9 ! _w ab\t him1 b he w n bo!r himself ab\t insoluble problems4 ,he w wa/e no "t speculat+ z to :y tub]cle bacilli 7 s5t into ! _w3 8 in/9ct to live w be satisfi$ by 8 success 9 /amp+ !m out4 ,! ideal sup]man !n is m]ely a man 9 :om in/9ct works )\t int]f]5ce--a man :o feels t x is "r to live & t ! only k wor? :ile is t :i* makes life long] & m be>able4 ,! sup]man's in/9ct = life is s /rong t its m]e ex]cise satisfies him1 & s makes him happy4 ,he doesn't bo!r ab\t ! unkn[n void beyond ! grave3 x is suffici5t = him to "k t he is alive & t be+ alive is pleasant4 ,he is1 9 ! highe/ s5se1 a utilit>ian1 & he believes to ! lett] 9 ,augu/e ,comte's#f dictum t ! only ?+ liv+ be+s c ev] hope to accompli% on e>? is to adapt !mselves p]fectly to ! natural =ces ar\nd !m--to ! w9ds & ! ra91 ! hills & ! sea1 ! ?und]bolt & ! g]m ( disease4 ,i am a dionysian6 cries ,nietzs*e4 ,i am an immorali/6 ,he means simply t 8 ideal is a be+ capable ( fac+ ! horrors ( life unafraid1 ( meet+ great enemies & slay+ !m1 ( gaz+ d[n ^u ! e>? 9 pride & scorn1 ( mak+ 8 own way & be>+ 8 own burd5s4 ,9 ! pr(ane folk-philosophy ( e heal?y & vigor\s p1 we f9d "s trace ( ?is dionysian idea4 ,let u s live day by day1 says a di/+ui%$ ,am]ican /atesman1 t we c look any man 9 ! eye & tell him to g to hell6 ,we get a subtle sort ( joy out ( ?is say+ because x voices our racial advance t[>d individualism & away f s]vility & oppression4 ,we believe 9 fre$om1 9 tol]ation1 9 moral an>*y4 ,we h put ?is notion into innum]able homely =ms4 ,?+s h come to a hell ( a pass ,:5 a man c't wallop 8 own jackass6 ,s we phrase x4 ,! sup]man1 did he /alk ! e>?1 w\ld say ! same ?+4 #a ,py?agoras 7,b4,c4 #egj8-ejj87 0 a ,greek :o br\ght ! doctr9e ( ! transmigration ( s\ls f ,asia ,m9or to ,greece4 ,9 ,magna ,graecia he f\nd$ a my/ical bro!rhood1 half political p>ty & half s*ool ( philosophy4 ,x surviv$ him = _m ye>s & its memb]s rev]$ him z ! sage ( sages4 ,he 0 a bitt] foe to democracy & took "p 9 w>s aga9/ its spread4 #b ,also spra* ,z>a?u/ra1 ,,iii4 #c ,nor? ,am]ican ,review1 ,dec41 #aijd4 #d ,vide ! *apt] on ,tru?4 #e ,x is v evid5t1 ,i take x1 t ! pr9cipal function ( all sci5ce is ! wid5+ ( our p]ceptions4 ,! *ief argum5t = idealism us$ to be ! axiom t our p[] ( p]ception 0 necess>ily limit$ & t x w\ld be limit$ =ev]4 ,?is may be true /ill1 b x is n[ app>5t t ^! limits are be+ indef9itely ext5d$1 & may be ext5d$1 9 future1 almo/ inf9itely4 ,a ?\s& ye>s ago1 if any "o _h laid d[n ! !sis t mal>ia 0 caus$ by m9ute animals1 he w\ld h be5 dismiss$ z a lunatic1 because x 0 evid5t t no "o c\ld see ^! animals1 & x 0 evid5t1 too--t is to say1 ! sci5ti/s ( t "t held x to be evid5t--t ?is inability to see !m w\ld nev] be remov$1 because ! human eye w\ld always rema9 sub/antially z x 04 ,b n[ we "k t ! microscope may increase ! eye's p[] ( p]ception a ?\s&fold4 ,:5 we consid] ! fact t ! spectroscope has enabl$ u to make a *emical analysis ( ! sun1 t ! telephone has enabl$ u to he> #b1jjj miles & t ! x-rays h enabl$ u to see ?r\gh fle% & bone1 we mu/ admit )\t res]vation1 t our p[] ( p]ception1 at "s future day1 may be inf9ite4 ,& if we admit ?is we mu/ admit ! ess5tial possibility ( ! sup]man4 #f ,c\rs de philosophie positive1 tr4 by ,hel5 ,m>t9eau2 ,london1 #ahec4 ,,vi ,,*ri/ianity ,nietzs*e's a/oni%+ly ke5 & fe>less criticism ( ,*ri/ianity has probably s5t =? wid] ripples ?an any o!r /one he ev] heav$ into ! pool ( phili/9e cont5tm5t4 ,he op5$ 8 attack 9 ,m5s*li*es allzu ,m5s*li*es1 ! fir/ book ( 8 maturity1 & he 0 /ill at x1 9 full fum+ & fury1 9 ,d] ,anti*ri/1 ! la/ ?+ he 0 de/9$ to write4 ,! clos+ *apt] ( ,d] ,anti*ri/--8 swan song--conta9s 8 fam\s phillipic1 beg9n+ ,i condemn4 ,x recalls ,zola's j'accuse lett] 9 ! ,dreyfus case1 b x is inf9itely m sweep+ & inf9itely m upro>i\s & d>+4 ,i condemn ,*ri/ianity1 x beg9s4 ,i br+ aga9/ x ! mo/ t]rible ( accusations t ev] an accus] put into words4 ,x is to me ! greate/ ( all imag9able corruptions4444 ,x has left no?+ unt\*$ by its depravity4 ,x has made a wor?lessness out ( e value1 a lie out ( e tru?1 a s9 out ( ev]y?+ /raight=w>d1 heal?y & hone/4 ,let anyone d>e to speak to me ( its humanit>ian bless+s6 ,to d away ) pa9 & woe is contr>y to its pr9ciples4 ,x lives by pa9 & woe3 x has creat$ pa9 & woe 9 ord] to p]petuate itself4 ,x inv5t$ ! idea ( orig9al s94#a ,x inv5t$ '! equality ( s\ls be=e ,god'--t cov] = all ! ranc\r ( ! useless & base4444 ,x has br$ ! art ( self-violation--repugnance & contempt = all good & cleanly in/9cts4444 ,p>asitism is its praxis4 ,x combats all good r$-blood1 all love & all hope = life1 ) its anmic ideal ( hol9ess4 ,x sets up '! o!r _w' z a negation ( e reality4 ,! cross is ! rally+ po/ = a conspiracy aga9/ heal?1 beauty1 well-be+1 c\rage1 intellect1 b5evol5ce--aga9/ life itself4444 ,?is et]nal accusation ,i %all write ^u all walls3 ,i call ,*ri/ianity ! "o great curse1 ! "o great intr9sic depravity1444 = :i* no exp$i5t is suffici5tly poison\s1 secret1 subt]ranean1 mean6 ,i call x ! "o immortal %ame & blemi% ^u ! human race6#b ,s mu* = ! philosoph]'s vocif]\s hurrah at ! close ( 8 argum5t4 ,9 ! argum5t itself x is app>5t t 8 indictm5t ( ,*ri/ianity conta9s two *ief c\nts4 ,! fir/ is ! allegation t x is ess5tially untrue & unreasonable1 & ! second is ! !ory t x is degrad+4 ,! fir/ ( ^! c\nts is n unfamili> to ! /ud5ts ( religi\s hi/ory4 ,x 0 fir/ voic$ by t high prie/ :o r5t 8 clo!s & cri$ ,:at ne$ h we ( any fur!r witnesses8 ,ye h he>d ! blasphemy4#c ,x 0 voic$ aga9 by ! ,romans :o ?rew conv]ts to ! lions1 & aft] ! long sil5ce ( ! middle ages1 x 0 pip$ =? aga9 by ,voltaire1 ,hume1 ! encyclop$i/s & ,pa9e4 ,aft] ! philosoph]s & sci5ti/s :o culm9at$ 9 ,d>w9 _h rescu$ reason = all "t f ! transc5d5tal nons5se ( ! cobweb-sp9n]s & metaphysicians1 ,huxley came to ! front ) 8 t]rific heavy artill]y & ^? :o /ill ma9ta9$ t ,*ri/ianity 0 hi/orically true--,glad/one & ! re/ ( ! =lorn hope--7 m[$ d[n4 ,david ,/rauss1 ,less+1 ,ei*horn1 ,mi*aelis1 ,bau]1 ,mey]1 ,rits*l1#d ,pfleid]] & a ho/ ( o!rs jo9$ 9 ! *orus & 9 ,nietzs*e's e>ly manhood ! battle 0 practically won4 ,by #ahhj no reasonable man actually believ$ t !re 7 devils 9 ! sw9e1 & x 0 already possible to d5y ! physical resurrection & /ill ma9ta9 a place 9 respectable society4 ,today a lit]al fai? 9 ! gospel n>rative is conf9$ to ecclesia/ical reaction>ies1 pi\s old ladies & m5 ab\t to be hang$4 ,!re=e1 ,nietzs*e did n sp5d mu* "t exam9+ ! hi/orical cr$ibility ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,he did n try to prove1 l ,huxley1 t ! witnesses to ! resurrection 7 sup]/iti\s peasants & hy/]ical wom51 nor did he seek to %[1 l ,huxley aga91 t ,*ri/ might h be5 tak5 d[n f ! cross be=e he 0 dead4 ,he 0 int5sely int]e/$ 9 all su* inquiries1 b he saw t1 9 ! la/ analysis1 !y left a multitude ( problems unsolv$4 ,! solution ( ^! unsolv$ problems 0 ! task t he took unto himself4 ,tunnel+ d[n1 9 8 *>act]i/ic way1 into ! v f\ndations ( ! fai?1 he endeavor$ to prove t x 0 bas$ ^u contradictions & absurdities2 t its dogmas 7 illogical & its precepts unworkable2 & t its c>d9al pr9ciples presuppos$ ! acceptance ( propositions :i*1 to ! normal human m9d1 7 ess5tially un?9kable4 ,?is tunnel+ occupi$ mu* ( ,nietzs*e's en]gy 9 ,m5s*li*es allzu ,m5s*li*es1 & he return$ to x aga9 & aga91 9 all ( ! o!r books t prec$$ ,d] ,anti*ri/4 ,8 me?od ( work+ may be be/ exhibit$ by a few concrete examples4 ,pray]1 = in/ance1 is an exce$+ly important feature ( ,*ri/ian wor%ip & any =m ( wor%ip 9 :i* x _h no place w\ld be necess>ily un*ri/ian4#e ,b ^u :at !ory is pray] bas$8 ,exam9+ ! matt] f all sides y w h to conclude t x is reasonable only ^u two assumptions3 fir/1 t x is possible to *ange ! infallible w & op9ion ( ! deity1 & secondly1 t ! petition] is capable ( judg+ :at he ne$s4 ,n[1 ,*ri/ianity ma9ta9s1 z "o ( its ma9 dogmas1 t ! deity is omnisci5t & all-wise1#f &1 z ano!r fundam5tal doctr9e1 t human be+s are absolutely unable to solve _! problems )\t heav5ly aid#g i4e4 t ! deity necess>ily kn[s :at is be/ = any giv5 man bett] ?an t man c ev] hope to "k x himself4 ,!re=e1 ,*ri/ianity1 9 orda9+ pray]1 ord]s1 z a condition ( inclusion 9 its communion1 an act :i* x holds to be useless4 ,?is contradiction1 argues ,nietzs*e1 _c be expla9$ away 9 t]ms compreh5sible to ! human intellig5ce4 ,aga9 ,*ri/ianity holds t man is a m]e creature ( ! deity's w1 & yet insi/s t ! individual be judg$ & puni%$ = 8 acts4 ,9 o!r words1 x tries to c>ry free w on "o %\ld] & det]m9ism on ! o!r1 & its doctors & sages h !mselves %[n t !y recognize ! absurdity ( ?is by _! con/ant1 b futile ef=ts to decide :i* ( ! two %all be ab&on$4 ,?is contradiction is a legacy f ,judaism1 & ,mohamm$anism suff]s f x1 too4 ,^? sects :i* h s\ght to remove x by an entire acceptance ( det]m9ism--"u ! "n ( pr$e/9ation1 fatalism1 or :at n--h become bogg$ 9 hopeless morasses ( unreason & dogmatism4 ,x is a c>d9al doctr9e ( ,presbyt]ianism1 = in/ance1 t by ! decree ( ,god1 = ! manife/ation ( 8 glory1 "s m5 & angels are pr$e/9at$ unto ev]la/+ life & o!rs =eorda9$ to ev]la/+ dea? 444 )\t any =esight ( fai? or good works1 or p]sev]ance 9 ei!r ( !m1 or any o!r ?+ 9 ! creature1 z conditions4444#h ,9 o!r words1 no matt] h[ fai?fully "o man tries to foll[ 9 ! foot/eps ( ,*ri/1 he may g to hell1 & no matt] h[ impi\sly ano!r s9s1 he may be =eorda9$ = heav54 ,t su* a belief makes all religion1 fai? & morality absurd is app>5t4 ,t x is1 at bottom1 utt]ly un?9kable to a reason+ be+ is also pla94 ,nietzs*e devot$ a great deal ( "t dur+ 8 fir/ p]iod ( activity to simil> exam9ations ( ,*ri/ian ideas & he did a great deal to supplem5t ! hi/orical inve/igations ( ^? ,engli% & ,g]man savants ^: ru?less exposure ( fictions & frauds gave bir? to :at we n[ call ! high] criticism4 ,b 8 *ief s]vice 0 nei!r 9 ! field ( hi/orical criticism nor 9 t ( ! criticism ( dogmas4 ,t[>d ! end ( 8 life he left ! bus9ess ( exam9+ biblical s\rces to ! ar*eologi/s & hi/orians1 ^: equipm5t = ! task 0 necess>ily great] ?an 8 own1 & ! bus9ess ( r$uc+ ,*ri/ian logic to contradiction & absurdity to ! logicians4 ,!reaft]1 8 own "w took him a /ep fur!r d[n & 9 ! end he got to ! v bottom ( ! subject4 ,! answ] ( ! !ologians _h be5 t1 ev5 if y d5i$ ! miracles1 ! gospels1 ! div9ity ( ,*ri/ & 8 v exi/5ce z an actual man1 y w\ld h to admit t ,*ri/ianity itself 0 suffici5t excuse = its own exi/5ce2 t x _h made ! _w bett] & t x provid$ a workable s*eme ( life by :i* m5 c\ld live & die & rise to high] ?+s4 ,?is answ]1 = a:ile1 /agg]$ ! agno/ics & ,huxley himself evid5tly came ne> be+ conv9c$ t x 0 beyond rebuttal4#i ,b x only made ,nietzs*e spr+ into ! ar5a m confid5t ?an ev]4 ,v well1 he said1 we w argue x out4 ,y say t ,*ri/ianity has made ! _w bett]8 ,i say t x has made x worse6 ,y say t x is com=t+ & uplift+8 ,i say t x is cruel & degrad+6 ,y say t x is ! be/ religion mank9d has ev] inv5t$8 ,i say x is ! mo/ dang]\s6 ,hav+ ?us ?r[n d[n ! gage ( battle1 ,nietzs*e proce$$ to fight l a ,t>t>1 & x is b common fairness to say t1 = a good :ile1 he bore ! weight ( 8 oppon5ts' onslaught almo/ unaid$4 ,! _w 0 will+ en\gh to ab&on its belief 9 ,*ri/ian sup]naturalism & z f> back z ! e>ly #hj's ! dignit>ies ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&--to employ a blunt b expressive metaphor--_h begun to get 9 out ( ! wet4 ,b ! pieti/s /ill argu$ t ,*ri/ianity rema9$ ! faire/ fl[] ( civilization & t x met a real & ev]-pres5t human want & made mank9d bett]4 ,to d5y ?is took c\rage ( a decid$ly unusual sort--c\rage t 0 will+ to face1 n only ecclesia/ical ana!ma & d5unciation1 b also ! almo/ automatic opposition ( e s-call$ respectable man4 ,b ,nietzs*e1 :atev] 8 defici5cies o!rwise1 c]ta9ly 0 n lack+ 9 assurance1 & s1 :5 he came to write ,d] ,anti*ri/ he made 8 d5ial ?und]\s & uncompromis+ beyond expression4 ,no m$ieval bi%op ev] pron\nc$ m appall+ curses4 ,no backwoods evangeli/ ev] laid d[n ! law ) m viol5t eloqu5ce4 ,! book is ! %orte/ he ev] wrote1 b x is by long odds ! mo/ compell+4 ,beg9n+ allegro1 x proce$s f =te1 by an un9t]rupt$ cresc5do to allegro con moltissimo molto =tissimo4 ,! s5t5ces run into mazes ( italics1 da%es & a/]isks4 ,x is ,g]man t "o _c read al\d )\t ro>+ & wav+ "o's arm4 ,*ri/ianity1 says ,nietzs*e1 is ! mo/ dang]\s sy/em ( slave-morality ! _w has ev] kn[n4 ,x has wag$ a deadly w> aga9/ ! highe/ type ( man4 ,x has put a ban on all 8 fundam5tal in/9cts4 ,x has di/ill$ evil out ( ^! in/9cts4 ,x makes ! /rong & effici5t man its typical outca/ man4 ,x has tak5 ! "p ( ! weak & ! l[2 x has made an ideal out ( its antagonism to ! v in/9cts :i* t5d to pres]ve life & well-be+4444 ,x has taught m5 to reg>d _! highe/ impulses z s9ful--z temptations4#aj ,9 a ^w1 x t5ds to rob mank9d ( all ^? qualities :i* fit any liv+ organism to survive 9 ! /ruggle = exi/5ce4 ,z we %all see lat] on1 civilization obscures & ev5 opposes ?is /ruggle = exi/5ce1 b x is 9 progress all ! same1 at all times & "u all conditions4 ,e "o kn[s1 = in/ance1 t "o-?ird ( ! human be+s born into ! _w e ye> die be=e !y are five ye>s old4 ,! reason = ?is lies 9 ! fact t !y are1 9 "s way or o!r1 less fitt$ to meet ! conditions ( life on e>? ?an ! o!r two-?irds4 ,! g]m ( *ol]a infantum is an enemy to ! human race1 & s long z x cont9ues to exi/ ^u e>? x w devote all ( its activity to attack+ human infants & seek+ to de/roy !m4 ,x happ5s t "s babies recov] f *ol]a infantum1 :ile o!rs die ( x4 ,?is is m]ely ano!r way ( say+ t ! =m]1 hav+ be5 born ) a capacity = resi/+ ! attack ( ! g]m1 or hav+ be5 giv5 ! capacity artificially1 are bett] fitt$ to survive1 & t ! latt]1 be+ incapable ( mak+ ?is resi/ance1 are unfit4 ,all life ^u e>? is no?+ m ?an a battle ) ! enemies ( life4 ,a g]m is su* an enemy1 cold is su* an enemy1 lack ( food is su* an enemy1 & o!rs t may be m5tion$ are lack ( wat]1 ignorance ( natural laws1 arm$ foes & defici5t physical /r5g?4 ,! man :o is able to get all ( ! food he wants1 & s c n\ri% 8 body until x becomes /rong en\gh to combat ! g]ms ( disease2 :o gets en\gh to dr9k1 :o has %elt] f ! elem5ts1 :o has devis$ means = protect+ himself aga9/ ! desires ( o!r m5--:o ye>n1 p]haps1 :o take = !mselves "s ( ! ?+s t he has acquir$--su* a man1 x is obvi\s1 is f> bett] fitt$ to live ?an a man :o has none ( ^! ?+s4 ,he is f> bett] fitt$ to survive1 9 a purely physical s5se1 because 8 body is n\ri%$ & protect$1 & he is f> bett] fitt$ to atta9 happ9ess1 because mo/ ( 8 p[]ful wants are satisfi$4 ,nietzs*e ma9ta9s t ,*ri/ianity urges a man to make no su* ef=ts to insure 8 p]sonal survival 9 ! /ruggle = exi/5ce4 ,! beatitudes require1 he says1 t1 in/ead ( try+ to d s1 ! ,*ri/ian %all devote 8 en]gies to help+ o!rs & %all give no ?\ght to himself4 ,in/ead ( exalt+ himself z mu* z possible above ! common h]d & ?us rais+ 8 *ances ( surviv+1 & ^? ( 8 *ildr51 above ^? ( ! av]age man1 he is requir$ to lift up ?is av]age man4 ,n[1 x is pla9 t e "t he lifts up "s "o else1 he mu/1 at ! same "t1 decrease 8 own /ore1 because 8 own /ore is ! only /ock f :i* he c draw4 ,!re=e1 ! t5d5cy ( ! ,*ri/ian philosophy ( humility is to make m5 volunt>ily ?r[ away _! own *ances ( surviv+1 :i* means _! own s5se ( effici5cy1 :i* means _! own feel+ ( increas+ p[]1 :i* means _! own happ9ess4 ,z a sub/itute = ?is natural happ9ess1 ,*ri/ianity (f]s ! happ9ess d]iv$ f ! belief t ! deity w help ^? :o make ! sacrifice & s re/ore !m to _! old sup]iority4 ,?is belief1 z ,nietzs*e %[s1 is no m borne out by kn[n facts ?an ! old belief 9 wit*es4 ,x is1 9 fact1 prov$ to be an utt] absurdity by all human exp]i5ce4 ,i call an animal1 a species1 an individual1 deprav$1 he says1 :5 x loses its in/9cts1 :5 x selects1 :5 x pref]s :at is injuri\s to x4444 ,life itself is an in/9ct = gr[?1 = cont9uance1 = accumulation ( =ces1 = p[]3 :]e ! w to p[] is want+ !re is decl9e4#aa ,*ri/ianity1 he says1 squ>ely opposes ?is w to p[] 9 ! ,gold5 ,rule1 ! corn]/one ( ! fai?4 ,! man :o conf9es 8 ef=ts to atta9 sup]iority ov] 8 fell[ m5 to ^? acts :i* he w\ld be will+ to h !m d t[>d him1 obvi\sly ab&ons all su* ef=ts entirely4 ,to put x 9 ano!r =m1 a man c't make himself sup]ior to ! race 9 g5]al )\t mak+ e o!r man 9 ! _w1 to t ext5t1 8 inf]ior4 ,n[1 if he foll[s ! ,gold5 ,rule1 he mu/ necess>ily ab&on all ef=ts to make himself sup]ior1 because if he didn't he w\ld be suff]+ all ! "t f ! pa9 ( see+ o!r m5--^: /&po9t ! ,rule requires him to assume--gr[ inf]ior4 ,?us 8 activity is re/rict$ to "o ( two ?+s3 /&+ p]fectly /ill or delib]ately mak+ himself inf]ior4 ,! fir/ is impossible1 b ,nietzs*e %[s t ! latt] is n1 & t1 9 po9t ( fact1 x is b ano!r way ( describ+ ! act ( sympa?y--"o ( ! ?+s ord]$ by ! fundam5tal dogma ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,sympa?y1 says ,nietzs*e1 consi/s m]ely ( a /rong man giv+ up "s ( 8 /r5g? to a weak man4 ,! /rong man1 x is evid5t1 is debilitat$ !reby1 :ile ! weak man1 v (t51 is /r5g!n$ b little4 ,if y g to a hang+ & sympa?ize ) ! condemn$1 x is pla9 t y\r m5tal di/ress1 )\t help+ t g5tleman1 weak5s1 to a p]ceptible degree1 y\r own m9d & body1 j z all o!r p[]ful emotions weak5 !m1 by consum+ en]gy1 & s y are h&icapp$ 9 ! /ruggle = life to ! ext5t ( ?is weakness4 ,y may get a practical pro( ( x an h\r lat] by be+ ov]come & kill$ by a foot-pad :om y might h be5 able to conqu]1 _h y be5 feel+ p]fectly well1 or by los+ money to "s f9ancial rival = :om1 "u normal conditions1 y w\ld h be5 a mat*2 & !n aga9 y may get no imm$iate or tangible pro( ( x at all4 ,b y\r organism w h be5 weak5$ to "s measurable ext5t1 all ! same1 & at "s "t--p]haps on y\r dea? b$--?is m9ute dra9 w make itself evid5t1 ?\gh1 ( c\rse1 y may nev] "k x4 ,sympa?y1 says ,nietzs*e1 /&s 9 direct anti!sis to ! tonic passions :i* elevate ! en]gy ( human be+s & increase _! feel+ ( effici5cy & p[]4 ,x is a depressant4 ,"o loses =ce by sympa?iz+ & any loss ( =ce :i* has be5 caus$ by o!r means--p]sonal suff]+1 = example--is increas$ & multipli$ by sympa?y4 ,suff]+ itself becomes contagi\s ?r\gh sympa?y & "u c]ta9 circum/ances x may lead to a total loss ( life4 ,if a pro( ( t is desir$1 consid] ! case ( ! ,naz>5e1 ^: sympa?y = 8 fell[ m5 br\ght him1 9 ! end1 to ! cross4 ,aga91 sympa?y ?w>ts ! law ( developm5t1 ( evolution1 ( ! survival ( ! fitte/4 ,x pres]ves :at is ripe = ext9ction1 x works 9 favor ( life's condemn$ ones1 x gives to life itself a gloomy aspect by ! numb] ( ! ill-con/itut$ x ma9ta9s 9 life4444 ,x is bo? a multipli] ( mis]y & a cons]vator ( mis]y4 ,x is ! pr9cipal tool = ! advancem5t ( decad5ce4 ,x leads to no?+ness1 to ! negation ( all ^? in/9cts :i* are at ! basis ( life4444 ,b "o does n say 'no?+ness2' "o says in/ead '! o!r _w' or '! bett] life4'444 ,?is innoc5t rhetoric1 out ( ! doma9 ( religio-moral fantasy1 becomes f> f innoc5t :5 "o realizes :at t5d5cy x conceals3 ! t5d5cy ho/ile to life4#ab ,! =ego+ makes x pat5t t ,nietzs*e 0 a ?or\gh-go+ & uncompromis+ biological moni/4 ,t is to say1 he believ$ t man1 :ile sup]ior to all o!r animals because ( 8 great] developm5t1 01 aft] all1 m]ely an animal1 l ! re/ ( !m2 t ! /ruggle = exi/5ce w5t on among human be+s exactly z x w5t on among ! lions 9 ! jungle & ! protozoa 9 ! sea ooze1 & t ! law ( natural selection rul$ all ( animat$ nature--m9d & matt]--alike4 ,inde$1 x is b j to cr$it him ) be+ ! pione] among mod]n moni/s ( ?is s*ool1 = he /at$ & def5d$ ! doctr9e ( morphological univ]sality at a "t :5 practically all ! evolutioni/s d\bt$ x1 & _h pretty well prov$ its tru? "s ye>s be=e ,haeckel wrote 8 ,monism & ,! ,riddle ( ! ,univ]se4 ,to und]/& all ( ?is1 x is necess>y to g back to ,d>w9 & 8 fir/ /atem5t ( ! law ( natural selection4 ,d>w9 prov$1 9 ,! ,orig9 ( ! ,species1 t a great _m m individuals ( any giv5 species ( liv+ be+ are born into ! _w ea* ye> ?an c possibly survive4 ,^? t are be/ fitt$ to meet ! condition ( exi/5ce live on2 ^? t are wor/ fitt$ die4 ,! result is t1 by ! influ5ce ( h]$ity1 ! survivors beget a new g5]ation 9 :i* !re is a l>g] p]c5tage ( ! fit4 ,"o might ?9k t ?is w\ld cause a great] numb] to survive1 b inasmu* z ! food & room on e>? are limit$1 a l>ge numb] mu/ always die4 ,b all ! :ile ! half or ?ird1 or :atev] ! p]c5tage may be1 :i* actually d survive become m & m fit4 ,9 consequ5ce1 a species1 g5]ation aft] g5]ation1 t5ds to become m & m adapt$ to meet life's vicissitudes1 or1 z ! biologi/s say1 m & m adapt$ to its environm5t4 ,d>w9 prov$ t ?is law 0 true ( all ! l[] animals & %[$ t x 0 responsible = ! evolution ( ! l[] apes into an?ropoid apes1 & t x c\ld acc\nt1 !oretically1 = a possible evolution ( an?ropoid apes into man4 ,b 9 ,! ,desc5t ( ,man he argu$ t ! law ( natural selection ceas$ :5 man became an intellig5t be+4 ,!reaft]1 he said1 man's own ef=ts work$ aga9/ ^? ( nature4 ,in/ead ( lett+ ! unfit ( 8 race die1 civilization began to protect & pres]ve !m4 ,! result 0 t nature's t5d5cy to make all liv+ be+s m & m /urdy 0 set aside by man's own conviction t m]e /urd9ess 0 n ! ?+ mo/ to be desir$4 ,f ?is ,d>w9 argu$ t if two tribes ( human be+s liv$ side by side1 & if1 9 "o ( !m1 ! unfit 7 p]mitt$ to p]i%1 :ile 9 ! o!r !re 7 _m c\rage\s1 sympa!tic & fai?ful memb]s1 :o 7 always ready to w>n ea* o!r ( dang]1 & to aid & def5d "o ano!r--t 9 su* a case1 ! latt] tribe w\ld make ! mo/ progress1 despite its conc]t$ ef=t to defy a law ( nature4 ,d>w9's disciples agre$ ) him 9 ?is & "s ( !m w5t to ! l5g? ( ass]t+ t civilization1 9 its ess5ce1 0 no?+ m or less ?an a successful defiance ( ?is sort4#ac ,h]b]t ,sp5c] 0 mu* tr\bl$ by ! resultant confusion & z "o critic puts x1#ad ! :ole drift ( 8 ?\ght appe>s to be inspir$ by ! "q3 h[ to evade & veil ! logical consequ5ce ( evolution>ism = human exi/5ce8 ,john ,fiske1 ano!r ,d>w9ian1 accept$ ! situation )\t su* disquiet+ d\bt4 ,:5 humanity began to be evolv$1 he said1 an entirely new *apt] 9 ! hi/ory ( ! univ]se 0 op5$4 ,h5ce=? ! life ( ! nasc5t s\l came to be fir/ 9 importance & ! bodily life became subord9at$ to x4#ae ,ev5 ,huxley believ$ t man w\ld h to be except$ f ! op]ation ( ! law ( natural selection4 ,! e?ical progress ( society1 he said1 dep5ds1 n on imitat+ ! cosmic process & /ill less on runn+ away f x1 b 9 combat+ x4 ,he saw t x 0 audaci\s ?us to pit man aga9/ nature1 b he ?\ght t man 0 suffici5tly important to make su* an attempt & hop$ t ! ent]prise might meet ) a c]ta9 measure ( success4#af ,& ! o!r ,d>w9ians agre$ ) him4#ag ,z all ! be/ critics ( philosophy h po9t$ out1#ah any philosophical sy/em :i* admits su* a great contradiction fails utt]ly to furni% workable /&>ds ( ord] 9 ! univ]se1 & s falls %ort ( a*iev+ philosophy's fir/ aim4 ,we mu/ ei!r believe ) ! s*ola/ics t intellig5ce rules1 or we mu/ believe1 ) ,haeckel1 t all ?+s happ5 9 ob$i5ce to inv>iable natural laws4 ,we _c believe bo?4 ,a great _m m51 t[>d ! beg9n+ ( ! #ij's1 began to notice ?is fatal defect 9 ,d>w9's idea ( human progress4 ,9 #ahia "o ( !m po9t$ out ! conclusion t[>d :i* x inevitably l$4#ai ,if we admitt$1 he said1 t humanity _h set at naught ! law ( natural selection1 we mu/ admit t civilization 0 work+ aga9/ nature's ef=ts to pres]ve ! race1 & t1 9 ! end1 humanity w\ld p]i%4 ,to put x m succ9ctly1 man might defy ! law ( natural selection z mu* z he pleas$1 b he c\ld nev] hope to set x aside4 ,soon or late1 he w\ld awak5 to ! fact t he rema9$ a m]e animal1 l ! rabbit & ! worm1 & t1 if he p]mitt$ 8 body to deg5]ate into a ?+ entirely lack+ 9 /r5g? & virility1 n all ! intellig5ce conceivable c\ld save him4 ,nietzs*e saw all ?is cle>ly z e>ly z #ahgg4bj ,he saw t :at pass$ = civilization1 z repres5t$ by ,*ri/ianity1 0 mak+ su* an ef=t to defy & c\nt]act ! law ( natural selection1 & he came to ! conclusion t ! result w\ld be disa/]4 ,*ri/ianity1 he said1 ord]$ t ! /rong %\ld give "p ( _! /r5g? to ! weak1 & s t5d$ to weak5 ! :ole race4 ,self-sacrifice1 he said1 0 an op5 defiance ( nature1 & s 7 all ! o!r ,*ri/ian virtues1 9 v>y+ degree4 ,he propos$1 !n1 t be=e x 0 too late1 humanity %\ld reject ,*ri/ianity1 z ! greate/ ( all imag9able corruptions1 & admit freely & fully t ! law ( natural selection 0 univ]sal & t ! only way to make real progress 0 to con=m to x4 ,x may be ask$ "h h[ ,nietzs*e acc\nt$ = ! fact t humanity _h surviv$ s long--= ! fact t ! majority ( m5 7 /ill physically heal?y & t ! race1 z a :ole1 0 /ill fairly vigor\s4 ,he answ]$ ?is 9 two ways4 ,fir/1 he d5i$ t ! race 0 ma9ta9+ to ! full its old vigor4 ,! ,european ( ! pres5t1 he said1 is f> bel[ ! ,european ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,x w\ld be absurd1 he po9t$ out1 to allege t ! av]age ,g]man ( #ahhj 0 z /rong & z heal?y--i4e4 z well fitt$ to 8 environm5t--z ! blond bea/ :o roam$ ! ,saxon l[l&s 9 ! days ( ! mammo?4 ,x w\ld be equally absurd to ma9ta9 t ! highe/ product ( mod]n civilization--! t[n-dwell]--0 z vigor\s & z capable ( becom+ ! fa!r ( heal?y *ildr5 z ! intellig5t f>m]1 ^: life 0 sp5t 9 approximate accordance ) all ! m obvi\s laws ( heal?4 ,nietzs*e's second answ] 0 t humanity _h escap$ utt] deg5]ation & de/ruction because1 despite its dom9ance z a !ory ( action1 few m5 actually practic$ ,*ri/ianity4 ,x 0 next to impossible1 he said1 to f9d a s+le man :o1 lit]ally & absolutely1 obey$ ! tea*+s ( ,*ri/4#ba ,!re 7 pl5ty ( m5 :o ?\ght !y 7 do+ s1 b all ( !m 7 yield+ 9 only a p>tial mann]4 ,absolute ,*ri/ianity meant absolute disreg>d ( self4 ,x 0 obvi\s t a man :o rea*$ ?is /ate ( m9d w\ld be unable to foll[ any ga9ful occupation1 & s w\ld f9d x impossible to pres]ve 8 own life or ! lives ( 8 *ildr54 ,9 brief1 said ,nietzs*e1 an actual & utt] ,*ri/ian w\ld p]i% today j z ,*ri/ p]i%$1 & s1 9 8 own fate1 w\ld provide a conclusive argum5t aga9/ ,*ri/ianity4 ,nietzs*e po9t$ out fur!r t ev]y?+ :i* makes = ! pres]vation ( ! human race is diametrically oppos$ to ! ,*ri/ian ideal4 ,?us ,*ri/ianity becomes ! foe ( sci5ce4 ,! "o argues t man %\ld sit /ill & let ,god reign2 ! o!r t man %\ld battle aga9/ ! tortures :i* fate inflicts ^u him1 & try to ov]come !m & gr[ /rong4 ,?us all sci5ce is un*ri/ian1 because1 9 ! la/ analysis1 ! :ole purpose & ef=t ( sci5ce is to arm man aga9/ loss ( en]gy & dea?1 & ?us make him self-reliant & unm9dful ( any duty ( propitiat+ ! deity4 ,t ?is antagonism betwe5 ,*ri/ianity & ! se>*1 = tru? really exi/s has be5 %[n 9 a practical way "t & aga94 ,s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era ! *ur* has be5 ! bitt] & tireless enemy ( all sci5ce1 & ?is enmity has be5 due to ! fact t e memb] ( ! prie/ class has realiz$ t ! m a man le>n$ ! m he came to dep5d ^u 8 own ef=ts1 & ! less he 0 giv5 to ask+ help f above4 ,9 ! ages ( fai? m5 pray$ to ! sa9ts :5 !y 7 ill4 ,today !y s5d = a doctor4 ,9 ! ages ( fai? battles 7 begun ) supplications1 & x 0 (t5 possible to witness ! ridicul\s spectacle ( bo? sides pray+ to ! same ,god4 ,today e sane p]son kn[s t ! victory goes to ! wise/ g5]als & l>ge/ battalions4 ,nietzs*e ?us %[$1 fir/1 t ,*ri/ianity 7& all o!r e?ical sy/ems hav+ self-sacrifice z _! basis7 t5d$ to oppose ! law ( natural selection & s made ! race weak]2 & secondly1 t ! majority ( m51 consci\sly or unconsci\sly1 7 aw>e ( ?is1 & s made no ef=t to be absolute ,*ri/ians4 ,if ,*ri/ianity 7 to become univ]sal1 he said1 & e man 9 ! _w 7 to foll[ ,*ri/'s precepts to ! lett] 9 all ! relations ( daily life1 ! race w\ld die out 9 a g5]ation4 ,?is be+ true--& x may be obs]v$ 9 pass+ t no "o has ev] successfully controv]t$ x--!re foll[s ! conv]se3 t ! human race _h be/ ab&on ! idea ( self-sacrifice altoge!r & submit itself to ! law ( natural selection4 ,if ?is is done1 says ,nietzs*e1 ! result w be a race ( sup]m5--( pr\d1 /rong dionysians--( m5 :o w say yes to ! _w & w be ideally capable ( meet+ ! conditions "u :i* life mu/ exi/ on e>?4 ,9 8 ef=ts to acc\nt = ! orig9 ( ,*ri/ianity1 ,nietzs*e 0 less happy1 & inde$ came v ne> ! bord]-l9e ( ! ridicul\s4 ,! fai? ( mod]n ,europe1 he said1 0 ! result ( a gigantic ef=t on ! "p ( ! anci5t ,jews to rev5ge !mselves ^u _! ma/]s4 ,! ,jews 7 helpless & ineffici5t & ?us evolv$ a slave-morality4 ,naturally1 z slaves1 !y hat$ _! ma/]s1 :ile realiz+1 all ! :ile1 ! unmanl9ess ( ! ideals !y !mselves _h to hold to 9 ord] to survive4 ,s !y crucifi$ ,*ri/1 :o voic$ ^! same ideals1 & ! result 0 t ! outside _w1 :i* despis$ ! ,jews1 accept$ ,*ri/ z a m>tyr & prophet & ?us swall[$ ! ,jewi% ideals )\t realiz+ x4 ,9 a ^w1 ! ,jews dete/$ ! slave-morality :i* circum/ances ?ru/ ^u !m1 & got _! rev5ge by foi/+ x1 9 a sug>-coat$ pill1 ^u _! ma/]s4 ,x is obvi\s t ?is idea is %e] lunacy4 ,t ! ,jews ev] realiz$ ! deg5]at+ effect ( _! own slave-morality is unlikely1 & t !y %\ld take c\nsel toge!r & plan su* an elaborate & complicat$ rev5ge1 is impossible4 ,! read] ( ,nietzs*e mu/ expect to enc\nt] su* absurdities n[ & !n4 ,! mad ,g]man 0 ord9>ily a mo/ logical & ord]ly ?9k]1 b sometimes ! traditional ,g]man t5d5cy to indulge 9 wild & imbecile flights ( speculation cropp$ up 9 him4 #a ,vide ! *apt] on ,crime & ,puni%m5t4 #b ,d] ,anti*ri/1 #fb4 #c ,/4 ,m>k ,,xiv1 #fc1 #fd4 #d ,albre*t ,rits*l 7#ahbb-hi71 :o is n to be confus$ ) ,nietzs*e's tea*] at ,bonn & ,leipsic4 ,rits*l f\nd$ :at is call$ ! ,rits*lian movem5t 9 !ology4 ,?is has = its object ! ab&onm5t ( sup]naturalism & ! def5ce ( ,*ri/ianity z a m]e s*eme ( liv+4 ,x admits t ! miracle /ories are fables & ev5 conc$es t ,*ri/ 0 n div9e1 b ma9ta9s t 8 tea*+s repres5t ! be/ wisdom ( ! human race4 ,see ,d5ny3 ,/udies 9 ,!ology1 ,new ,york1 #ahid4 #e ,ph4 ,,iv1 #f3 ,be c>eful = no?+2 b 9 ev]y?+ by pray] & supplication1 ) ?anksgiv+1 let y\r reque/s be made kn[n to ,god4 #f ,deut4 ,,xxxii1 #d3 ,he is ! rock1 8 "w is p]fect4 ,see also a hundr$ simil> passages 9 ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts4 #g ,isaiah ,,xliv1 #h3 ,n[1 ,o ,"l1 ?\ art our ,fa!r2 we are ! clay & ?\ our pott]2 & we all are ! "w ( ?y h&4 #h ,! ,con/itution ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 pp4 #af to #bj3 ,philadelphia1 #ahda4 #i ,to ! end ( 8 days ,huxley believ$ t1 to ! av]age human be+1 ev5 ( ! highe/ class1 "s sort ( fai? w\ld always be necess>y4 ,my "w 9 ! ,london hospitals1 he said1 taught me t ! prea*] (t5 does z mu* good z ! doctor4 ,x w\ld be int]e/+ to %[ h[ ?is notion has be5 ab&on$ 9 rec5t ye>s4 ,! tra9$ nurse1 :o 0 unkn[n 9 ,huxley's hospital days1 n[ takes ! place ( ! confessor1 & z ,dr4 ,osl] has %[n u 9 ,sci5ce & ,immortality1 m5 die j z com=tably z be=e4 #aj ,d] ,anti*ri/1 #e4 #aa ,d] ,anti*ri/1 #f4 #ab ,d] ,anti*ri/1 #g4 #ac ,alfr$ ,russell ,wallace3 ,d>w9ism1 ,london1 #ahhi4 #ad ,alex&] ,tille1 introduction to ! ,eng4 tr4 ( ,! ,works ( ,fri$ri* ,nietzs*e1 vol4 ,,xi2 ,new ,york1 #ahif4 #ae ,john ,fiske3 ,! ,de/9y ( ,man2 ,london1 #ahhd4 #af ,romanes ,lecture on ,evolution & ,e?ics1 #ahic4 #ag ,z a matt] ( fact ?is dualism /ill lives4 ,?us x 0 lately def5d$ by a correspond5t ( ! ,new ,york ,sun3 ,if !re c be su* a ?+ z an ess5tial diff]5ce !re surely is "o betwe5 ! animal evolution discov]$ by ,d>w9 & ! self-culture1 progress & spiritual aspiration ( man4 ,_m o!r writ]s on ! subject take ! same position4 #ah ,see ! article on ,monism 9 ! ,new ,int]national ,encyclop$ia4 #ai ,a4 ,j4 ,balf\r3 ,fragm5t on ,progress2 ,london1 #ahia4 #bj ,he 0 a moni/1 inde$1 z e>ly z #ahgc1 at :i* "t he _h app>5tly n yet notic$ ,d>w9's notion t ! human race c\ld successfully defy ! law ( natural selection4 ,! abs5ce ( any c>d9al di/9ction betwe5 man & bea/1 he said1 is a doctr9e :i* ,i consid] true4 7,unzeitgemsse ,betra*tung51 ,i1 #ahi47 ,nev]!less1 9 a mom5t ( sophi/ry1 late 9 life1 he und]took to criticize ! law ( natural selection & ev5 to d5y its effects 7vide ,rov+ ,exp$itions ( an ,inopportune ,philosoph]1 #ad1 9 ,! ,twilight ( ! ,idols74 ,x is suffici5t to say1 9 answ]1 t ! law itself is inassailable & t all ( ,nietzs*e's "w1 sav+ ?is s+le unacc\ntable p>agraph1 helps support x4 ,8 frequ5t sne]s at ,d>w91 9 o!r places1 ne$ n be tak5 too s]i\sly4 ,ev]y?+ ,engli%1 t[>d ! close ( 8 life1 excit$ 8 ire1 b ! fact rema9s t he 0 a ?or\gh ,d>w9ian & t1 )\t ,d>w9's "w1 8 own philosophy w\ld h be5 impossible4 #ba ,?is obs]vation is z old z ,montaigne1 :o said3 ,aft] all1 ! /oics 7 actually /oical1 b :]e 9 all ,*ri/5dom w y f9d a ,*ri/ian8 ,,vii ,,tru? ,at ! bottom ( all philosophy1 ( all sci5ce & ( all ?9k+1 y w f9d ! "o all-inclusive "q3 ,h[ is man to tell tru? f error8 ,! ignorant man solves ?is problem 9 a v simple mann]3 he holds t :atev] he believes1 he kn[s2 & t :atev] he kn[s is true4 ,?is is ! attitude ( all amateur & pr(essional !ologians1 politicians & o!r numbskulls ( t sort4 ,! pi\s old maid1 = example1 :o believes 9 ! doctr9e ( ! immaculate conception looks ^u h] fai? z pro(1 & holds t all :o disagree ) h] w suff] torm5ts 9 hell4 ,oppos$ to ?is *ildi% !ory ( k is ! *ronic d\bt ( ! educat$ man4 ,he sees daily evid5ce t _m ?+s held to be true by n9e-t5?s ( all m5 are1 9 reality1 false1 & he is !reby apt to acquire a d\bt ( ev]y?+1 includ+ 8 own beliefs4 ,at diff]5t times 9 ! hi/ory ( man1 v>i\s me?ods ( solv+ or evad+ ! riddle h be5 propos$4 ,9 ! age ( fai? x 0 held t1 by 8 own ef=ts alone1 man 0 unable1 ev5 p>tly1 to di/+ui% betwe5 tru? & error1 b t he c\ld always g = enlight5m5t to an infallible encyclop$ia3 ! ^w ( god1 z set =?1 ?r\gh ! in/rum5tality ( inspir$ scribes1 9 ! holy scriptures4 ,if ^! scriptures said t a c]ta9 proposition 0 true1 x 0 true1 & any man :o d\bt$ x 0 ei!r a lunatic or a crim9al4#a ,?is doctr9e prevail$ 9 ,europe = _m ye>s & all :o v5tur$ to oppose x 7 9 dang] ( be+ kill$1 b 9 ! c\rse ( "t ! numb] ( d\bt]s grew s l>ge t x 0 inconv5i5t or impossible to kill all ( !m1 & s1 9 ! end1 !y _h to be p]mitt$ to voice _! d\bts unh>m$4 ,! fir/ man ( ?is new era to inflict any real damage ^u ! anci5t *ur*ly idea ( reveal$ wisdom 0 ,nicolas ( ,cusa1 a c>d9al ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 :o liv$ 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! fifte5? c5tury4#b ,despite 8 (fice & 8 "t1 ,nicolas 0 an indep5d5t & intellig5t man1 & x became app>5t to him1 aft] long reflection1 t m]e belief 9 a ?+ 0 by no means a pro( ( its tru?4 ,man1 he decid$ 0 prone to err1 b 9 ! wor/ ( 8 errors1 !re 0 always "s k]nel ( tru?1 else he w\ld revolt aga9/ x z inconceivable4 ,!re=e1 he decid$1 ! be/ ?+ = man to d 0 to hold all ( 8 beliefs lightly & to reject !m :5ev] !y began to appe> z errors4 ,! real dang]1 he said1 0 n 9 mak+ mi/akes1 b 9 cl++ to !m aft] !y 7 kn[n to be mi/akes4 ,x seems well nigh impossible t a man ( ,nicolas' age & tra9+ %\ld h reason$ s cle>ly1 b ! fact rema9s t he did1 & t all ( mod]n philosophy is built ^u ! f\ndations he laid4 ,s9ce 8 "t a great _m o!r !ories ( k h be5 put =w>d1 b all h work$1 9 a sort ( circle1 back to ,nicolas4 ,x w\ld be int]e/+1 p]haps1 to trace ! c\rse & hi/ory ( ^! v>iations & d5ials1 b su* an ent]prise is beyond ! scope ( ! pres5t inquiry4 ,nicolas by no means gave ! _w a complete & :olly cr$ible sy/em ( philosophy4 ,until ! day ( 8 dea? s*ola/icism 0 dom9ant 9 ! _w t he knew1 & x reta9$ its old hold ^u human ?\ght1 9 fact1 = ne>ly two hundr$ ye>s !reaft]4 ,n until ,desc>tes1 9 #afai1 made 8 fam\s resolution to take no?+ = ! tru? )\t cle> k t x is su*1 did humanity 9 g5]al beg9 to realize1 z ,huxley says1 t !re 0 sanctity 9 d\bt4 ,& ev5 ,desc>tes c\ld n %ake himself free ( ! sup]naturalism & o!r bald]da% :i* yet color$ philosophy4 ,he laid d[n1 = all "t1 ! emancipat+ doctr9e t ! pr(ession ( belief 9 propositions1 ( ! tru? ( :i* !re is no suffici5t evid5ce1 is immoral--a doctr9e t might well be call$ ! ,magna ,*>ta ( human ?\ght#c--;b x %\ld n be =gott5 t he also laid d[n o!r doctr9es & t _m ( !m 7 vision>y & silly4 ,! philosoph]s aft] him rid _! m9ds ( ! old ideas b sl[ly & !re 7 frequ5t rev]sions to ! anci5t delusion t a man's m9d is a function ( 8 s\l--:atev] t may be--& n ( 8 body4 ,x 0 common1 inde$1 = a philosoph] to set out ) sane1 debatable1 conceivable ideas--& !n to g so>+ into ! ideali/ic cl\ds4#d ,only 9 our own "t h m5 come to und]/& t ! ego1 = all its seem+ indep5d5ce1 is no?+ m ?an ! sum ( inh]it$ race exp]i5ce--t a man's s\l1 8 consci5ce & 8 attitude ( m9d are ?+s he has inh]it$ f 8 ance/ors1 j z he has inh]it$ 8 two eyes1 8 t5 toes & 8 firm belief 9 signs1 port5ts & immortality4 ,only 9 our own "t h m5 ceas$ seek+ a gold5 key to all riddles1 & sat !mselves d[n to solve "o riddle at a "t4 ,^? metaphysicians :o f>$ f>!/ f ! philosoph] ( ,cusa evolv$ ! doctr9e t1 9 !mselves1 ?+s h no exi/5ce at all1 & t we c ?9k ( !m only 9 t]ms ( our impressions ( !m4 ,! color gre51 = example1 may be no?+ b a delusion1 = all we c possibly "k ( x is t1 "u c]ta9 conditions1 our optic n]ves exp]i5ce a s5sation ( gre5ness4 ,:e!r ?is s5sation ( gre5ness is a m]e figm5t ( our imag9ation or ! reflection ( an actual physical /ate1 is some?+ t we _c tell4 ,x is impossible1 9 a ^w1 to det]m9e :e!r !re are actual ?+s ar\nd u1 :i* produce real impressions ^u u1 or :e!r our idea ( ^! ?+s is ! m]e result ( subjective impressions or conditions4 ,we "k t a bl[ on ! eyes may cause u to see a fla% ( light :i* does n exi/ & t a n]v\s p]son may feel ! t\* ( h&s & he> noises :i* are purely imag9>y4 ,may x n be possible1 also1 t all o!r s5sations h _! rise )9 u in/ead ( )\t1 & t 9 say+ t objects give u impressions we h be5 confus+ cause & effect8 ,su* is ! argum5t ( ^? metaphysicians :o d\bt1 n only ! accuracy ( human k1 b also ! v capacity ( human be+s to acquire k4 ,x is app>5t1 on brief reflection1 t ?is attitude1 :ile !oretically admissible1 is entirely impracticable1 & t1 z a matt] ( fact1 x gives u no m sub/antial basis = intellig5t speculation ?an ! old device ( ref]r+ all que/ions to revelation4 ,to say t no?+ exi/s save 9 ! imag9ation ( liv+ be+s is to say t ?is imag9ation itself does n exi/4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is an absurdity1 because e man is absolutely c]ta9 t he himself is a real ?+ & t 8 m9d is a real ?+1 too1 & capable ( ?\ght4 ,9 place ( su* cob-web sp9n+1 mod]n philosoph]s--driv5 to x1 x may be said1 9 p>5!sis1 by ! sci5ti/s--h gone back to ! doctr9e t1 inasmu* z we c "k no?+ ( any?+ save ?r\gh ! impressions x makes ^u u1 ^! impressions mu/ be accept$ provisionally z accurate1 s long z !y are evid5tly normal & h>monize "o ) ! o!r4 ,t is to say1 our p]ceptions1 correct$ by our exp]i5ce & our common s5se1 mu/ s]ve z guides = u1 & we mu/ seize e opportunity to wid5 _! range & increase _! accuracy4 ,= millions ( ye>s !y h be5 /eadily augm5t+ our /ore ( k4 ,we "k1 = in/ance1 t :5 fire t\*es u x causes an impression :i* we call pa9 & t ?is impression is inv>iably ! same1 & always leads to ! same results1 9 all normal human be+s4 ,!re=e1 we accept x z an axiom t fire causes pa94 ,!re are _m o!r ideas t may be & h be5 e/abli%$ 9 ! same mann]3 by ! fact t !y are univ]sal among sane m54 ,b !re is also a multitude ( ?+s :i* produce diff]5t impressions ^u diff]5t m51 & "h we enc\nt] ! problem ( det]m9+ :i* ( ^! impressions is "r & :i* is wrong4 ,"o man1 obs]v+ ! ris+ & sett+ ( ! sun1 concludes t x is a ball ( fire revolv+ ab\t ! e>?4 ,ano!r man1 9 ! face ( ! same ph5om5a1 concludes t ! e>? revolves ar\nd ! sun4 ,h[1 !n1 are we to det]m9e :i* ( ^! m5 has drawn ! prop] conclusion8 ,z a matt] ( fact1 x is impossible 9 su* a case1 to come to any decision :i* c be accept$ z utt]ly & absolutely true4 ,b all ! same ! sci5tific empiric me?od enables u to pu% ! p]c5tage ( error ne>] & ne>] to ! irr$ucible m9imum4 ,we c obs]ve ! ph5om5on "u exam9ation f a multitude ( sides & comp>e ! impression x produces ) ! impressions produc$ by k9dr$ ph5om5a reg>d+ :i* we "k m4 ,aga91 we c put ?is exam9ation into ! h&s ( m5 specially tra9$ & fitt$ = su* "w--m5 ^: conclusions we "k1 by previ\s exp]i5ce1 to be above ! av]age ( accuracy4 ,& s1 aft] a long "t1 we c =mulate "s idea ( ! ?+ "u inspection :i* violates few or none ( ! o!r ideas held by u4 ,:5 we h accompli%$ ?is1 we h come z ne> to ! absolute tru? z x is possible = human be+s to come4 ,i ne$ n po9t out t ?is me?od does n contemplate a m]e acceptance ( ! majority vote4 ,its actual effect1 inde$1 is q ! contr>y1 = x is only a small m9ority ( human be+s :o may be said1 ) any tru?1 to be capable ( ?\ght4 ,x is probable1 = example1 t n9e-t5?s ( ! p 9 ,*ri/5dom today believe t ,friday is an unlucky day1 :ile only ! rema9+ t5? hold t "o day is exactly l ano!r4 ,b despite ?is1 x is app>5t t ! idea ( ! latt] w survive & t1 by sl[ degrees1 x w be =c$ ^u ! =m]4 ,we "k t x is true1 n because x is accept$ by all m5 or by ! majority ( m5--=1 z a matt] ( fact1 we h se5 t x isn't--b because we realize t ! few :o hold to x are be/ capable ( di/+ui%+ betwe5 actual impressions & m]e delusions4 ,aga91 ! sci5tific me?od t5ds to increase our k by ! v fact t x disc\rages unreason+ fai?4 ,! sci5ti/ realizes t mo/ ( 8 s-call$ facts are probably errors & s he is will+ to h>bor d\bts ( _! tru? & to seek = some?+ bett]4 ,l ,socrates he boldly says ,i "k t ,i am ignorant4 ,he realizes1 9 fact1 t error1 :5 x is con/antly "u fire1 is b\nd to be resolv$ 9 ! long run into some?+ approximat+ ! tru?4 ,z ,nicolas po9t$ out #ejj ye>s ago1 no?+ is utt]ly & absolutely true & no?+ is utt]ly & absolutely false4 ,!re is always a g]m ( tru? 9 ! wor/ error1 & !re is always a residuum ( error 9 ! s\nde/ tru?4 ,!re=e1 an error is fatal only :5 x is hidd5 f ! :ite light ( inve/igation4 ,h]e9 lies ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! mod]n sci5ti/ & ! morali/4 ,! =m] holds no?+ sacr$1 n ev5 8 own axioms2 ! latt] lays ?+s d[n z law & !n makes x a crime to d\bt !m4 ,x is 9 ?is way--by submitt+ e idea to a se>*+1 pitiless1 un5d+ exam9ation--t ! _w is increas+ its /ore ( :at may be call$1 = ! sake ( cle>ness1 absolute k4 ,error always prec$es tru?1 & x is extremely probable t ! va/ majority ( ideas held by m5 ( today--ev5 ! sane/ & wise/ m5--are delusions1 b ) ! pass+ ( ! ye>s our /ock ( tru? gr[s l>g] & l>g]4 ,a conviction1 says ,nietzs*e1 always has its hi/ory--its previ\s =ms1 its t5tative =ms1 its /ates ( error4 ,x becomes a conviction1 inde$1 only aft] hav+ be5 n a conviction1 & !n h>dly a conviction4 ,no d\bt falsehood is "o ( ^! embryonic =ms ( conviction4 ,sometimes only a *ange ( p]sons is ne$$ to trans=m "o into ! o!r4 ,t :i*1 9 ! son1 is a conviction1 01 9 ! fa!r1 /ill a falsehood4#e ,! t5d5cy ( intellig5t m51 9 a ^w1 is to approa* ne>] & ne>] ! tru?1 by ! processes ( rejection1 revision & inv5tion4 ,_m old ideas are reject$ by ea* new g5]ation1 b !re always rema9 a few t survive4 ,we no long] believe ) ! cave-m5 t ! ?und] is ! voice ( an angry god & ! lightn+ ! fla% ( 8 sword1 b we /ill believe1 z !y did1 t wood floats ^u wat]1 t se$s spr\t & give =? plants1 t a ro( keeps (f ! ra9 & t a *ild1 if x lives long en\gh1 w inevitably gr[ into a man or a woman4 ,su* ideas may be call$ tru?s4 ,if we d5y !m we mu/ d5y at once t ! _w exi/s & t we exi/ ourselves4 ,nietzs*e's discussion ( ^! problems is s ab/ruse & s mu* complicat$ by *anges 9 view t x w\ld be impossible to make an und]/&able summ>y ( x 9 ! space available "h4 ,9 8 fir/ important book1 ,m5s*li*es allzu ,m5s*li*es he devot$ himself1 9 ! ma91 to po9t+ out errors made 9 ! pa/1 )\t lay+ d[n any v def9ite s*eme ( ?\ght = ! future4 ,9 ! e>ly /ages ( human progress1 he said1 m5 made ! mi/ake ( reg>d+ ev]y?+ t 0 mom5t>ily pleasant or b5eficial z absolutely & et]nally true4 ,h]e9 !y manife/$ ! v famili> human weakness = ra% & ha/y g5]alization1 & ! equally famili> t5d5cy to r5d] ! ideas ( a giv5 "t & place p]petual & p]man5t by erect+ !m into codes ( morality & putt+ !m into ! m\?s ( gods4 ,?is1 he po9t$ out1 0 h>mful1 = a ?+ might be b5eficial to ! m5 ( today & fatal to ! m5 ( tomorr[4 ,!re=e1 he argu$ t :ile a c]ta9 idea's effect 0 a good crit]ion1 humanly speak+1 ( its pres5t or curr5t tru?1 x 0 dang]\s to assume t ?is effect w\ld be always ! same1 & t1 9 consequ5ce1 ! idea itself w\ld rema9 true =ev]4 ,n until ! days ( ,socrates1 said ,nietzs*e1 did m5 beg9 to notice ?is diff]5ce betwe5 imm95t tru? & et]nal tru?4 ,! notion t su* a di/9ction exi/$ made its way v sl[ly1 ev5 aft] great tea*]s began to tea* x1 b 9 ! end x 0 accept$ by en\gh m5 to give x g5u9e weight4 ,s9ce t day philosophy & sci5ce1 :i* 7 once m]ely diff]5t names = ! same ?+1 h signifi$ two sep>ate ?+s4 ,x is ! object ( philosophy to analyze happ9ess1 & by means ( ! k ?us ga9$1 to devise means = safegu>d+ & increas+ x4 ,9 consequ5ce1 x is necess>y = philosophy to g5]alize--to assume t ! ?+ :i* makes m5 happy today w make !m happy tomorr[4 ,sci5ce1 on ! contr>y1 conc]ns itself1 n ) ?+s ( ! unc]ta9 future1 b ) ?+s ( ! c]ta9 pres5t4 ,its object is to exam9e ! _w z x exi/s today1 to uncov] z _m ( its secrets z possible1 & to /udy _! effect ^u human happ9ess4 ,9 o!r words1 philosophy fir/ con/ructs a s*eme ( happ9ess & !n tries to fit ! _w to x1 :ile sci5ce /udies ! _w ) no o!r object 9 view ?an ! increase ( k1 & ) full confid5ce t1 9 ! long run1 ?is increase ( k w increase effici5cy & 9 consequ5ce happ9ess4 ,x is evid5t1 !n1 t sci5ce1 = all its contempt = fix$ s*emes ( happ9ess1 w ev5tually accompli% ) c]ta9ty :at philosophy--:i* mo/ commonly swims into ! k5 ( ! av]age man z morality--is n[ try+ to d 9 a mann] t is n only crude & unreasonable1 b also necess>ily unsuccessful4 ,9 a ^w1 j s soon z man's /ore ( k gr[s s l>ge t he becomes complete ma/] ( ! natural =ces :i* "w t[>d 8 undo+1 he w be p]fectly happy4 ,n[1 ,nietzs*e believ$1 z we h se5 9 pa/ *apt]s1 t man's in/9ctive w to p[] _h ?is same complete ma/]y ov] 8 environm5t z its ultimate object1 & s he conclud$ t ! w to p[] might be reli$ ^u to lead man to ! tru?4 ,t is to say1 he believ$ t !re 01 9 e man ( ! high] type 7! only type he ?\ght wor? discuss+7 an in/9ctive t5d5cy to seek ! true z oppos$ to ! false1 t ?is in/9ct1 z ! race progress$1 grew m & m accurate1 & t its gr[+ accuracy expla9$ ! fact t1 despite ! opposition ( codes ( morality & ( ! iron h& ( au?ority1 man con/antly increas$ 8 /ore ( k4 ,a ?\ght1 he said1 arose 9 a man )\t 8 initiative or volition1 & 0 no?+ m or less ?an an expression ( 8 innate w to obta9 p[] ov] 8 environm5t by accurately obs]v+ & int]pret+ x4 ,x 0 j z reasonable1 he said1 to say ,x ?9ks z to say ,i ?9k1#f because e intellig5t p]son knew t a man c\ldn't control 8 ?\ghts4 ,!re=e1 ! fact t ^! ?\ghts1 9 ! long run & consid]+ ! human race z a :ole1 t5d$ to uncov] m & m tru?s prov$ t ! w to p[]1 despite ! dang] ( g5]aliz+ f its manife/ations1 grew m & m accurate & s work$ 9 ! direction ( absolute tru?4 ,nietzs*e believ$ t mank9d 0 ev] ! slave ( errors1 b he held t ! numb] ( errors t5d$ to decrease4 ,:51 at la/1 tru? reign$ supreme & !re 7 no m errors1 ! sup]man w\ld walk ! e>?4 ,n[ x is impossible = any man to note ! work+s ( ! w to p[] save z x is manife/$ 9 8 own in/9cts & ?\ghts1 & !re=e ,nietzs*e1 9 8 lat] books1 urges t e man %\ld be will+1 at all times1 to pit 8 own feel+s aga9/ ! laws laid d[n by ! majority4 ,a man %\ld /e] cle> ( ra% g5]alization f 8 own exp]i5ce1 b he %\ld be d\bly c>eful to /e] cle> ( ! g5]alizations ( o!rs4 ,! greate/ ( all dang]s lies 9 subscrib+ to a !sis )\t be+ c]ta9 ( its tru?4 ,?is n-wi%+-to-see :at "o sees 444 is a prim>y requisite = memb]%ip 9 a p>ty1 9 any s5se :atsoev]4 ,!re=e1 ! p>ty man becomes a li> by necessity4 ,! prop] attitude = a human be+1 inde$1 is *ronic diss5t & skepticism4 ,z>a?u/ra is a skeptic4444 ,convictions are prisons4444 ,! fre$om f e k9d ( p]man5t conviction1 ! ability to se>* freely1 belong to /r5g?4444 ,! ne$ ( a belief1 ( some?+ t is uncondition$ is a sign ( weakness4 ,! man ( belief is necess>ily a dep5d5t man4444 ,8 in/9ct gives ! highe/ honor to self-abnegation4 ,he does n belong to himself1 b to ! au?or ( ! idea he believes4#g ,x is only by skepticism1 argues ,nietzs*e1 t we c hope to make any progress4 ,if all m5 accept$ )\t "q1 ! dicta ( "s "o supreme sage1 x is pla9 t !re c\ld be no fur!r increase ( k4 ,x is only by con/ant turmoil & conflict & ex*ange ( views t ! m9ute granules ( tru? c be sep>at$ f ! va/ muck heap ( sup]/ition & error4 ,fix$ tru?s1 9 ! long run1 are probably m dang]\s to intellig5ce ?an falsehoods4#h ,?is argum5t1 ,i take x1 sc>cely ne$s great] elucidation4 ,e intellig5t man kn[s t if !re _h be5 no brave agno/ics to defy ! wra? ( ! *ur* 9 ! middle ages1 ! :ole ( ,*ri/5dom w\ld /ill wall[ 9 ! unspeakably f\l morass ( ignorance :i* _h its c5t]1 dur+ t black "t1 9 an infallible sov]eign ( sov]eigns4 ,au?ority1 at all times & ev]y:]e1 means slo? & deg5]ation4 ,x is only d\bt t creates4 ,x is only ! m9ority t c\nts4 ,! fact t ! great majority ( human be+s are utt]ly incapable ( orig9al ?\ght1 & s mu/1 p]=ce1 borr[ _! ideas or submit tamely to "s au?ority1 expla9s ,nietzs*e's viol5t loa?+ & contempt = ! masses4 ,! av]age1 self-satisfi$1 cons]vative1 or?odox1 law-abid+ citiz5 appe>$ to him to be a be+ b little rais$ above ! cattle 9 ! b>n-y>d4 ,s viol5t 0 ?is feel+ t e idea accept$ by ! majority excit$1 = t v reason1 8 suspicion & opposition4 ,:at ev]ybody believes1 he once said1 is nev] true4 ,?is may seem l a m]e voic+ ( brobd+nagian egotism1 b z a matt] ( fact1 ! same view is held by e man :o has sp5t any "t inve/igat+ ! hi/ory ( ideas4 ,tru?1 said ,dr4 ,osl] a :ile ago1 sc>cely ev] c>ries ! /ruggle = acceptance at its fir/ appe>ance4 ,! masses are always a c5tury or two beh9d4 ,!y h made a virtue ( _! obtus5ess & call x by v>i\s f9e names3 cons]vatism1 piety1 respectability1 fai?4 ,! n9ete5? c5tury witness$ great] human progress ?an all ! c5turies be=e x saw or ev5 imag9$1 b ! majority ( :ite m5 ( today /ill believe 9 gho/s1 /ill fe> ! devil1 /ill hold t ! numb] #ac is unlucky & /ill picture ! deity z a patri>* 9 a :ite be>d1 surr\nd$ by a *oir ( respl5d5t amateur musicians4 ,we ?9k a ?+1 says ,pr(4 ,h5ry ,s$gwick1 because all o!r p ?9k s2 or because1 aft] all1 we d ?9k s2 or because we are told s1 & ?9k we mu/ ?9k s2 or because we once ?\ght s1 & ?9k we /ill ?9k s2 or because1 hav+ ?\ght s1 we ?9k we w ?9k s4 ,naturally en\gh1 ,nietzs*e 0 an e>ne/ oppon5t ( ! !ological doctr9e ( free w4 ,he held1 z we h se51 t e human act 0 m]ely ! effect ( ! w to p[] react+ aga9/ environm5t1 & 9 consequ5ce he _h to reject absolutely ! notion ( volition & responsibility4 ,a man1 he argu$1 0 n an object 9 vacuo & 8 acts1 ?\ghts1 impulses & motives c\ld n be imag9$ )\t imag9+ "s cause = !m4 ,if ?is cause came f )\t1 x 0 cle>ly beyond 8 control1 & if x came f )9 x 0 no less s1 = 8 :ole attitude ( m9d1 8 in/9ctive habits ( ?\ghts1 8 v s\l1 s-call$1 7 m]ely attributes t _h be5 h&$ d[n to him1 l ! %ape ( 8 nose & ! color ( 8 eyes1 f 8 ance/ors4 ,nietzs*e held t ! idea ( responsibility 0 ! product & n ! cause ( ! idea ( puni%m5t1 & t ! latt] 0 no?+ m ?an a manife/ation ( primitive man's w to p[]--to triumph ov] 8 fell[s by mak+ !m suff] ! h&icap & humiliation ( pa94 ,m5 7 call$ free1 he said1 9 ord] t !y might be condemn$ & puni%$4444 ,:5 we immorali/s try to cleanse psy*ology1 hi/ory1 nature & sociology ( ^! notions1 we f9d t our *ief enemies are ! !ologians1 :o1 ) _! prepo/]\s idea ( 'a moral ord] ( ! _w1' g on ta9t+ ! innoc5ce ( man's /ruggle upw>d ) talk ( puni%m5t & guilt4 ,*ri/ianity is1 inde$1 a hangman's metaphysic4#i ,z a necess>y coroll>y ( ?is1 ,nietzs*e d5i$ ! exi/5ce ( any plan 9 ! cosmos4 ,l ,haeckel1 he believ$ t b two ?+s exi/$--en]gy & matt]2 & t all ! ph5om5a :i* made u consci\s ( ! univ]se 7 no?+ m ?an symptoms ( ! con/ant action ( ! "o ^u ! o!r4 ,no?+ ev] happ5$ )\t a cause1 he said1 & no cause 0 any?+ o!r ?an ! effect ( "s previ\s cause4 ,! de/9y ( man1 he said1 _c be dis5tangl$ f ! de/9y ( ev]y?+ else 9 exi/5ce1 pa/1 pres5t & future4444 ,we are a "p ( ! :ole1 we exi/ 9 ! :ole4444 ,!re is no?+ :i* c\ld judge1 measure or condemn our be+1 = t w\ld be to judge1 measure & condemn ! :ole4444 ,b !re is no?+ outside ( ! :ole4444 ,! concept ( ,god has hi!rto made our exi/5ce a crime4444 ,we d5y ,god1 we d5y responsibility by d5y+ ,god3 x is only !reby t we save man4#aj ,h]e91 unluckily1 ,nietzs*e fell into ! trap :i* has snapp$ ^u ,haeckel & e o!r support] ( a!i/ic det]m9ism4 ,he d5i$ t ! human w 0 free & argu$ t e human action 0 inevitable1 & yet he sp5t 8 :ole life try+ to conv9ce 8 fell[ m5 t !y %\ld d o!rwise ?an z !y did 9 fact4 ,9 a ^w1 he held t !y _h no control :atev] ov] _! actions1 & yet1 l ,moses1 ,mohamm$ & ,/4 ,francis1 he ?und]$ at !m upro>i\sly & urg$ !m to turn f _! errors & rep5t4 #a ,j4 ,w4 ,drap]1 ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,conflict ,betwe5 ,religion & ,sci5ce2 ,new ,york1 #ahgd4 #b ,ri*>d ,falck5b]g3 ,a ,hi/ory ( ,mod]n ,philosophy1 tr4 by ,a4 ,c4 ,arm/rong1 ,jr42 ,new ,york1 #ahig2 ,*ap4 ,i4 #c ,t4 ,h4 ,huxley3 ,hume1 preface2 ,london1 #ahgi4 #d ,comte & ,kant1 = example4 #e ,d] ,anti*ri/1 #ee4 #f ,j5seits von ,gut und ,bse1 ,,vii4 #g ,d] ,anti*ri/1 #ed4 #h ,m5s*li*es allzu ,m5s*li*es1 #dhc4 #i ,gtz5dmm]ung1 ,,vi4 #aj ,gtz5dmm]ung1 ,,vi4 ,,viii ,,civilization ,on ! surface1 at lea/1 ! civilization ( today seems to be mov+ sl[ly t[>d two goals4 ,"o is ! et]nal r5unciation ( w> & ! o!r is univ]sal bro!rhood3 "o is peace on e>? & ! o!r is good w to m54 ,five hundr$ ye>s ago a /atesman's fame re/$ frankly & solely ^u ! victories ( 8 armies2 today we pr(ess to measure him by 8 skill at keep+ ^! armies 9 b>racks4 ,& 9 ! int]nal economy ( all civiliz$ /ates we f9d today "s pret5ce at unre/rict$ & equal suffrage4 ,9 times pa/ x 0 ! *ief conc]n ( all logicians & wiseacres to ma9ta9 ! proposition t ,god reign$4 ,at pres5t1 ! dom9ant platitude ( ,*ri/5dom--! corn]/one ( practically e political p>ty & ! /ock-9-trade ( e politician--is ! proposition t ! p rule4 ,nietzs*e oppos$ squ>ely bo? ! dem& = peace & ! dem& = equality1 & 8 opposition 0 gr\nd$ ^u two argum5ts4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 he said1 bo? dem&s 7 rhetorical & ins9c]e & all intellig5t m5 knew t nei!r w\ld ev] be fully satisfi$4 ,9 ! second place1 he said1 x w\ld be ru9\s to ! race if !y 74 ,t is to say1 he believ$ t w> 0 n only necess>y1 b also b5eficial1 & t ! natural sy/em ( ca/es 0 n only b5efic5t1 b also inevitable4 ,9 ! dem& = univ]sal peace he saw only ! ye>n+ ( ! weak & useless = protection aga9/ ! righte\s exploitation ( ! useful & /rong4 ,9 ! dem& = equality he saw only ! same ?+4 ,bo? dem&s1 he argu$1 controv]t$ & combat$ t upw>d t5d5cy :i* f9ds expression 9 ! law ( natural selection4 ,! ord] ( ca/es1 said ,nietzs*e1 is ! dom9at+ law ( nature1 aga9/ :i* no m]ely human ag5cy may prevail4 ,9 e heal?y society !re are ?ree broad classes1 ea* ( :i* has its own morality1 its own "w1 its own notion ( p]fection & its own s5se ( ma/]y4 ,! fir/ class comprises ^? :o are obvi\sly sup]ior to ! mass intellectually2 ! second includes ^? ^: em95ce is *iefly muscul>1 & ! ?ird is made up ( ! m$iocre4 ,! ?ird class1 v naturally1 is ! mo/ num]\s1 b ! fir/ is ! mo/ p[]ful4 ,to ?is highe/ ca/e belongs ! privilege ( repres5t+ beauty1 happ9ess & goodness on e>?4444 ,its memb]s accept ! _w z !y f9d x & make ! be/ ( x4444 ,!y f9d _! happ9ess 9 ^? ?+s :i*1 to less] m51 w\ld spell ru9--9 ! labyr9?1 9 sev]ity t[>d !mselves & o!rs1 9 ef=t4 ,_! delight is self-gov]n+3 ) !m asceticism becomes naturalness1 necessity1 in/9ct4 ,a difficult task is reg>d$ by !m z a privilege2 to play ) burd5s :i* w\ld cru% o!rs to dea? is _! recreation4 ,!y are ! mo/ v5]able species ( m54 ,!y are ! mo/ *e]ful1 ! mo/ amiable4 ,!y rule because !y are :at !y are4 ,!y are n at lib]ty to be second 9 rank4 ,! second ca/e includes ! gu>dians & keep]s ( ord] & security--! w>riors1 ! nobles1 ! k+--above all1 z ! highe/ types ( w>rior1 ! judges & def5d]s ( ! law4 ,!y execute ! m&ates ( ! fir/ ca/e1 reliev+ ! latt] ( all t is co>se & m5ial 9 ! "w ( rul+4 ,at ! bottom are ! work]s--! m5 ( h&icraft1 trade1 agriculture & ! great] "p ( art & sci5ce4 ,x is ! law ( nature t !y %\ld be public utilities--t !y %\ld be :eels & functions4 ,! only k9d ( happ9ess ( :i* !y are capable makes intellig5t ma*9es ( !m4 ,= ! m$iocre1 x is happ9ess to be m$iocre4 ,9 !m ! ma/]y ( "o ?+--i4e4 specialism--is an in/9ct4 ,x is unwor?y ( a pr(\nd intellect to see 9 m$iocrity itself an objection4 ,x is1 inde$1 a necessity ( human exi/5ce1 = only 9 ! pres5ce ( a horde ( av]age m5 is ! exceptional man a possibility4444 ,:om d ,i hate mo/ among ! m5 ( today8 ,! sociali/ :o und]m9es ! work+man's heal?y in/9cts1 :o takes f him 8 feel+ ( cont5t$ness ) 8 exi/5ce1 :o makes him envi\s1 :o tea*es him rev5ge4444 ,!re is no wrong 9 unequal rights3 x lies 9 ! va9 pret5sion to equal rights4#a ,x is obvi\s f ?is t ,nietzs*e 0 an ard5t believ] 9 ari/ocracy1 b x is also obvi\s t he 0 n a believ] 9 ! ?+ :i* passes = ari/ocracy 9 ! _w today4 ,! nobility ( ,europe belongs1 n to 8 fir/ class1 b to 8 second class4 ,x is ess5tially milit>y & legal1 = 9 !mselves its memb]s are puny & ineffici5t1 & x is only ! =ce ( law t ma9ta9s !m 9 _! inh]itance4 ,! fundam5tal doctr9e ( civiliz$ law1 z we "k x today1 is ! proposition t :at a man has once acquir$ %all belong to him & 8 heirs =ev]1 )\t ne$ on 8 "p or !irs to def5d x p]sonally aga9/ pr$atory rivals4 ,?is transf] ( ! function ( def5se f ! individual to ! /ate naturally exalts ! /ate's pr(essional def5d]s--t is1 h] soldi]s & judges--& s x is n unnatural to f9d ! memb]s ( ?is class1 & _! p>asites1 9 control ( mo/ ( ! _w's gov]nm5ts & 9 possession ( a l>ge %>e ( ! _w's weal?1 p[] & honors4#b ,to ,nietzs*e ?is seem$ grotesquely illogical & unfair4 ,he saw t ?is rul+ class exp5d$ its entire en]gy 9 combat+ exp]im5t & *ange & t ! ari/ocracy x begot & protect$--an ari/ocracy (t5 id5tical1 v naturally1 ) itself--t5d$ to become m & m unfit & helpless & m & m a b> to ! ready recognition & unre/ra9$ function+ ( ! only true ari/ocracy--t ( effici5cy4 ,nietzs*e po9t$ out t "o ( ! ess5tial absurdities ( a con/itutional ari/ocracy 0 to be f\nd 9 ! fact t x h$g$ itself ab\t ) purely artificial b>ri]s4 ,next only to its desire to ma9ta9 itself )\t actual p]sonal ef=t 0 its jeal\s endeavor to prev5t accessions to its ranks4 ,no?+1 inde$1 disgu/s ! traditional belt$ e>l q s mu* z ! ennobl+ ( "s up/>t brew] or iron-ma/]4 ,?is exclusiv5ess1 f ,nietzs*e's po9t ( view1 seem$ ridicul\s & p]nici\s1 = a true ari/ocracy mu/ be ev] will+ & eag] to welcome to its ranks--& to enroll 9 fact1 automatically--all :o display ^? qualities :i* make a man extraord9>ily fit & effici5t4 ,!re %\ld always be1 he said1 a free & con/ant int]*ange ( individuals betwe5 ! ?ree natural ca/es ( m54 ,x %\ld be always possible = an abnormally effici5t man ( ! slave class to ent] ! ma/] class1 &1 by ! same tok51 accid5tal deg5]ation or incapacity 9 ! ma/] class %\ld be foll[$ by swift & m]ciless r$uction to ! ranks ( slaves4 ,?us1 ^? ari/ocracies :i* pres5t$ ! incongru\s spectacle ( imbeciles be+ intru/$ ) ! affairs ( gov]nm5t seem$ to him utt]ly abhorr5t1 & ^? s*emes ( ca/e :i* made a mean bir? an (fset to high intellig5ce seem$ no less s4 ,s long z man's ma/]y ( ! =ces ( nature is incomplete1 said ,nietzs*e1 x w be necess>y = ! va/ majority ( human be+s to sp5d _! lives 9 ei!r supplem5t+ ^? natural =ces :i* are p>tly "u control or 9 oppos+ ^? :i* are /ill unlea%$4 ,! bus9ess ( till+ ! soil1 = example1 is /ill l>gely a matt] ( muscul> ex]tion1 despite ! va/ improvem5t 9 f>m implem5ts1 & x w probably rema9 s = c5turies to come4 ,s9ce su* labor is necess>ily m]e drudg]y1 & 9 consequ5ce unpleasant1 x is pla9 t x %\ld be giv5 ov] to m5 ^: realization ( its unpleasantness is lea/ acute4 ,go+ fur!r1 x is pla9 t ?is "w w be done ) less & less revolt & less & less driv+1 z we evolve a class ^: ambition to engage 9 m invit+ pursuits gr[s small] & small]4 ,9 a ^w1 ! ideal pl\ghman is "o :o has no ?\ght ( any?+ high] & bett] ?an pl\gh+4 ,!re=e1 argu$ ,nietzs*e1 ! prop] p]=mance ( ! manual labor ( ! _w makes x necess>y t we h a labor+ class1 :i* means a class cont5t to obey )\t fe> or "q4 ,?is doctr9e br\ght d[n ^u ,nietzs*e's head ! pi\s wra? ( all ! _w's humanit>ians1 b empiric exp]im5t has m ?an once prov$ its tru?4 ,! hi/ory ( ! hopelessly futile & fatu\s ef=t to improve ! negroes ( ! ,s\!rn ,unit$ ,/ates by education af=ds "o su* pro(4 ,x is app>5t1 on brief reflection1 t ! negro1 no matt] h[ mu* he is educat$1 mu/ rema91 z a race1 9 a condition ( subs]vi5ce2 t he mu/ rema9 ! inf]ior ( ! /rong] & m intellig5t :ite man s long z he reta9s racial diff]5tiation4 ,!re=e1 ! ef=t to educate him has awak5$ 9 8 m9d ambitions & aspirations :i*1 9 ! v nature ( ?+s1 mu/ g unrealiz$1 & s1 :ile ga9+ no?+ :atev] mat]ially1 he has lo/ all 8 old cont5tm5t1 peace ( m9d & happ9ess4 ,inde$1 x is a commonplace ( obs]vation 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates t ! educat$ & ref9$ negro is inv>iably a hopeless1 melan*oly1 embitt]$ & despair+ man4 ,nietzs*e1 to resume1 reg>d$ x z absolutely ess5tial t !re be a class ( labor]s or slaves--8 ?ird ca/e--& 0 ( ! op9ion t su* a class w\ld exi/ ^u e>? s long z ! human race surviv$4 ,its condition1 comp>$ to t ( ! rul+ class1 w\ld v>y b slightly1 he ?\ght1 ) ! progress ( ! ye>s4 ,z man's ma/]y ( nature increas$1 ! labor] w\ld f9d 8 task less & less pa9ful1 b he w\ld always rema9 a fix$ di/ance beh9d ^? :o rul$ him4 ,!re=e1 ,nietzs*e1 9 8 philosophy1 gave no ?\ght to ! desires & aspirations ( ! labor+ class1 because1 z we h j se51 he held t a man c\ld n prop]ly belong to ?is class unless 8 desires & aspirations 7 s fa9t or s well "u ! control ( ! rul+ class t !y might be neglect$4 ,all ( ! ,nietzs*ean doctr9es & ideas apply only to ! rul+ class4 ,x 0 at ! top1 he argu$1 t mank9d grew4 ,x 0 only 9 ! ideas ( ^? capable ( orig9al ?\ght t progress _h its s\rce4 ,william ! ,conqu]or 0 ( f> m importance1 ?\gh he 0 b a s+le man1 ?an all ! o!r ,normans ( 8 g5]ation tak5 toge!r4 ,nietzs*e 0 well aw>e t 8 fir/ ca/e 0 necess>ily small 9 numb]s & t !re 0 a /rong t5d5cy = its memb]s to drop out ( x & seek ease & peace 9 ! ca/es l[] d[n4 ,life1 he said1 is always h>de/ t[>d ! summit--! cold increases1 ! responsibility increases4#c ,b to ! truly effici5t man ^! h>d%ips are b spurs to ef=t4 ,8 joy is 9 combat+ & 9 ov]com+--9 pitt+ 8 w to p[] aga9/ ! laws & desires ( ! re/ ( humanity4 ,i d n advise y to labor1 says ,z>a?u/ra1 b to fight4 ,i d n advise y to compromise & make peace1 b to conqu]4 ,let y\r labor be fight+ & y\r peace victory4444 ,y say t a good cause w hall[ ev5 w>8 ,i tell y t a good w> hall[s e cause4 ,w> & c\rage h done m great ?+s ?an *>ity4 ,n y\r pity1 b y\r brav]y lifts up ^? ab\t y4 ,let ! little girlies tell y t 'good' means 'sweet' & 't\*+4' ,i tell y t 'good' means 'brave4'444 ,! slave rebels aga9/ h>d%ips & calls 8 rebellion sup]iority4 ,let y\r sup]iority be an acceptance ( h>d%ips4 ,let y\r comm&+ be an obey+4444 ,let y\r highe/ ?\ght be3 ',man is some?+ to be surpass$4'444 ,i d n advise y to love y\r neighbor--! ne>e/ human be+4 ,i advise y r to flee f ! ne>e/ & love ! fur!/ human be+4 ,high] ?an love to y\r neighbor is love to ! high] man t is to come 9 ! future4444 ,propagate y\rself upw>d4 ,?us live y\r life4 ,:at are _m ye>s wor?8 ,i d n sp>e y4444 ,die at ! "r "t6#d ,! av]age man1 said ,nietzs*e1 is almo/ entirely lack+ 9 ?is gorge\s1 fatali/ic c\rage & sublime egotism4 ,he is ev] reluctant to pit 8 private convictions & ye>n+s aga9/ ^? ( ! mass ( m54 ,he is ei!r afraid to risk ! consequ5ces ( orig9ality or fe>ful t1 s9ce ! majority ( 8 fell[s disagree ) him1 he mu/ be wrong4 ,!re=e1 no matt] h[ /rongly an unconv5tional idea may possess a man1 he commonly seeks to combat x & ?rottle x1 & ! ability to d ?is ) ! lea/ possible exp5diture ( ef=t we call self-control4 ,! av]age man1 said ,nietzs*e1 has ! p[] ( self-control well develop$1 & 9 consequ5ce he seldom contributes any?+ positive to ! ?\ght ( 8 age & almo/ nev] attempts to oppose x4 ,we h se5 9 ! prec$+ *apt] t if e man1 )\t exception1 7 ( ?is sort1 all human progress w\ld cease1 because ! ideas ( "o g5]ation w\ld be h&$ d[n un*ang$ to ! next & !re w\ld be no ef=t :atev] to improve ! conditions ( exi/5ce by ! only possible me?od--con/ant exp]im5t ) new ideas4 ,!re=e1 x foll[s t ! _w mu/ dep5d = its advancem5t ^u ^? revolutioni/s :o1 in/ead ( ov]com+ _! impulse to g c\nt] to conv5tion1 give x free re94 ,( su* is ,nietzs*e's fir/ ca/e compos$4 ,x is pla9 t among ! two l[] ca/es1 c\rage ( ?is sort is reg>d$1 n z an evid5ce ( /r5g?1 b z a pro( ( weakness4 ,! man :o outrages conv5tions is a man :o lacks self-control1 & ! majority1 by a process we h exam9$ 9 our consid]ation ( slave-morality1 has exalt$ self-control1 :i*1 at bottom1 is ! anti!sis ( c\rage1 into a place ( honor high] ?an t belong+1 by "r1 to c\rage itself4 ,b ,nietzs*e po9t$ out t ! act ( d5y+ or combat+ accept$ ideas is a ?+ :i* always t5ds to inspire o!r acts ( ! same sort4 ,x is true en\gh t a revolution>y idea1 s soon z x replaces an old conv5tion & obta9s ! sanction ( ! majority1 ceases to be revolution>y & becomes itself conv5tional1 b all ! same ! m]e fact t x has succe$$ gives c\rage to ^? :o h>bor o!r revolution>y ideas & inspires !m to give ^! ideas voice4 ,?us1 x happ5s t c\rage bre$s itself1 & t1 9 times ( great conflict1 ( no matt] :at sort1 ! _w produces m ?an an av]age output ( orig9ality1 or1 z we m commonly d5om9ate x1 g5ius4 ,9 ?is mann] ,nietzs*e acc\nt$ = a fact t _h be5 notic$ by _m m5 be=e him3 t su* trem5d\s /ruggles z ! ,fr5* ,revolution & ! ,am]ican ,civil ,w> are inv>iably foll[$ by eras ( dilig5t inquiry1 ( bold ov]turn+ ( exi/+ in/itutions & ( m>k$ progress4 ,p become accu/om$ to unre/ra9$ combat & s ! desirability ( self-control becomes less insi/5t4 ,nietzs*e _h a va/ contempt = :at he call$ ! gre5-graz+ happ9ess ( ! h]d4 ,its /rong morality & its insi/5ce ^u ! doctr9e t :atev] is1 is "r--t ,god's 9 8 heav52 all's well ) ! _w--revolt$ him4 ,he held t ! s-call$ rights ( ! masses _h no ju/ifiable exi/5ce1 s9ce ev]y?+ !y ass]t$ z a "r 0 an ass]tion1 m or less disguis$1 ( ! doctr9e t ! unfit %\ld survive4 ,!re are1 he said1 only ?ree ways 9 :i* ! masses appe> to me to des]ve a glance3 fir/1 z blurr$ copies ( _! bett]s1 pr9t$ on bad pap] & f worn out plates2 secondly1 z a necess>y opposition to /imulate ! ma/] class1 & ?irdly1 z in/rum5ts 9 ! h&s ( ! ma/] class4 ,fur!r ?an ?is ,i h& !m ov] to /ati/ics--& ! devil4#e ,kant's proposal t ! morality ( e contemplat$ action be te/$ by ! "q1 ,suppose ev]yone did z ,i propose to d8 seem$ utt]ly ridicul\s to ,nietzs*e because he saw t ev]yone always oppos$ ! v ?+s :i* meant progress2 & ,kant's coroll>y t ! s5se ( duty contemplat$ 9 ?is dictum 0 ! obligation to act 9 rev]5ce = law1 prov$ to ,nietzs*e m]ely t bo? duty & law 7 absurdities4 ,contumely1 he said1 always falls ^u ^? :o break ?r\gh "s cu/om or conv5tion4 ,su* m51 9 fact1 are call$ crim9als4 ,ev]yone :o ov]?r[s an exi/+ law is1 at ! />t1 reg>d$ z a wick$ man4 ,long aft]w>d1 :5 x is f\nd t ?is law 0 bad & s _c be re-e/abli%$1 ! epi!t is *ang$4 ,all hi/ory treats almo/ exclusively ( wick$ m5 :o1 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 h come to be look$ ^u z good m54 ,all progress is ! result ( successful crimes4#f ,dr4 ,turck1#g ,miss ,paget1 ,m4 ,nordau & o!r critics see 9 all ?is good evid5ce t ,nietzs*e 0 a crim9al at he>t4 ,at ! bottom ( all philosophies1 says ,miss ,paget1#h !re is always "o supreme idea4 ,sometimes x is a conception ( nature1 sometimes x is a religi\s fai? & sometimes x is a !ory ( tru?4 ,9 ,nietzs*e's case x is my ta/e4 ,he is always irritat$3 ,i dislike1 ,i hate1 ,i want to get rid ( appe> on e page ( 8 writ+s4 ,he delights 9 ru?lessness1 8 fell[ m5 disgu/ him1 8 physical s5ses are acute1 he has a sick ego4 ,= t reason he likes s+ul>ity1 ! lonely ,alps1 classic lit]ature & ,bizet's cle> yell[ music4 ,turck argues t ,nietzs*e 0 a crim9al because he got pleasure out ( ?+s :i* outrag$ ! majority ( 8 fell[ m51 & ,nordau1 9 support+ ?is idea1 %[s t x is possible = a man to exp]i5ce & approve crim9al impulses & /ill nev] act !m3 t !re are crim9als ( ! *air z well z ( ! d>k lant]n & s&bag4 ,! answ] to all ( ?is1 ( c\rse1 is ! fact t ! same me?od ( reason+ w\ld convict e orig9al ?9k] ! _w has ev] kn[n ( black felony3 t x w\ld make ,m>t9 ,lu!r a crim9al z well z ,jack ,%epp>d1 ,john ! ,bapti/ z well z ! ,borgias1 & ,galileo z well z ,judas ,isc>iot2 t x w\ld ju/ify ! execution ( all ! sublime company ( h]oes :o h be5 done to dea? = _! op9ions1 f ,jesus ,*ri/ d[n ! long l9e4 #a ,d] ,anti*ri/1 #eg4 #b ,9 ,! ,gov]nance ( ,engl&1 7,london3 #aijd7 ,sidney ,l[ po9ts out 7*ap4 ,x7 t1 despite ! rise ( democracy1 ! gov]nm5t ( ,great ,brita9 is /ill entirely 9 ! h&s ( ! l&$ g5try & nobility4 ,! memb]s ( ?is class pla9ly owe _! p[] to ! milit>y pr[ess ( _! ance/ors1 & _! id5tity ) ! pres5t milit>y & judicial class is obvi\s4 ,! typical ,m4,p41 9 fact1 also writes ,j4,p4 aft] 8 "n & ,capt4 or ,col4 be=e x4 ,! examples ( ,russia1 ,g]many1 ,japan1 ,au/ria1 ,italy1 ,spa9 & ! ,lat9-,am]ican republics sc>cely ne$ be m5tion$4 ,9 ,*9a ! milit>y1 judicial & legislative-executive functions are always comb9$1 & 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :ile ! milit>y bran* ( ! second ca/e is app>5tly impot5t1 x is pla9 t ! balance ( legislative p[] 9 e /ate & 9 ! national legislature is held by lawy]s1 j z ! f9al det]m9ation ( all laws re/s ) judges4 #c ,d] ,anti*ri/1 #ee4 #d ,! quotations are f v>i\s *apt]s 9 ! fir/ "p ( ,also spra* ,z>a?u/ra4 #e ,vom ,nutz5 und ,na*!il d] ,hi/orie fr das ,leb54 #f ,morg5rte1 #bj4 #g ,fri$ri* ,nietzs*e und se9e philosophis*e ,irrwege1 ,leipsic1 #ahia4 #h ,nor? ,am]ican ,review1 ,dec41 #aijd4 ,,ix ,,wom5 ,,& ,,m>riage ,nietzs*e's fai?ful si/]1 ) almo/ comical & ess5tially fem99e disgu/1 bewails ! fact t1 z a v "y man1 ! philosoph] became acqua9t$ ) ! baleful tru?s set =? 9 ,s*op5hau]'s immortal essay ,on ,wom54 ,t ?is d>+ "w greatly influ5c$ him is true1 & t he subscrib$ to its *ief argum5ts all ! re/ ( 8 days is also true1 b x is f> f true to say t 8 view ( ! fair sex 0 borr[$ bodily f ,s*op5hau] or t he w\ld h writt5 o!rwise ?an z he did if ,s*op5hau] _h nev] liv$4 ,nietzs*e's conclusions reg>d+ wom5 7 ! inevitable result1 inde$1 ( 8 own philosophical sy/em4 ,x is impossible to conceive a man :o held 8 op9ions ( morality & society lay+ d[n any o!r doctr9es ( fem99ity & matrimony ?an ^? he scatt]$ ?r\gh 8 books4 ,nietzs*e believ$ t !re 0 a radical diff]5ce betwe5 ! m9d ( man & ! m9d ( woman & t ! two sexes react$ 9 diametrically diff]5t ways to ^? /imuli :i* make up :at might be call$ ! cl9ical picture ( human society4 ,x is ! function ( man1 he said1 to wield a sword 9 humanity's battle ) ev]y?+ t makes life on e>? pa9ful or prec>i\s4 ,x is ! function ( woman1 n to fight h]self1 b to provide fre% w>riors = ! fray4 ,?us ! ex]cise ( ! w to exi/ is divid$ betwe5 ! two3 ! man seek+ ! welf>e ( ! race z he actually sees x & ! woman seek+ ! welf>e ( g5]ations yet unborn4 ,( c\rse1 x is obvi\s t ?is division is by no means cle>ly m>k$1 because ! man1 9 /ruggl+ = p[] ov] 8 environm5t1 necess>ily improves ! conditions "u :i* 8 *ildr5 live1 & ! woman1 work+ = h] *ildr51 (t5 b5efits h]self4 ,b all ! same ! di/9ction is a good "o & empiric obs]vation be>s x out4 ,z ev]yone :o has giv5 a mom5t's ?\ght to ! subject well kn[s1 a man's fir/ conc]n 9 ! _w is to provide food & %elt] = himself & 8 family1 :ile a woman's =emo/ duty is to be> & re> *ildr54 ,?us1 said ,nietzs*e1 w\ld ,i h man & woman3 ! "o fit = w>f>e1 ! o!r fit = giv+ bir?2 & bo? fit = danc+ ) head & legs#a--t is to say3 bo? capable ( do+ _! %>e ( ! race's "w1 m5tal & physical1 ) consci\s & sup]abundant effici5cy4 ,nietzs*e po9ts out t1 9 ! racial economy1 ! place ( woman may be comp>$ to t ( a slave-nation1 :ile ! position ( man resembles t ( a ma/]-nation4 ,we h se5 h[ a weak nation1 unable1 on acc\nt ( its weakness1 to satisfy its w to survive & ?ir/ = p[] by =c+ its au?ority ^u o!r nations1 turns to ! task ( keep+ ^! o!r nations1 z mu* z possible1 f en=c+ _! au?ority ^u x4 ,realiz+ t x _c rule1 b mu/ s]ve1 x endeavors to make ! conditions ( its s]vitude z be>able z possible4 ,?is ef=t is commonly made 9 two ways3 fir/ by o/5sibly r5\nc+ its desire to rule1 & secondly1 by attempts to inoculate its p[]ful neighbors ) its ideas 9 subt]ranean & r\nd-ab\t ways1 s z to avoid ar\s+ _! suspicion & opposition4 ,x becomes1 9 brief1 humble & cunn+1 & ) its humility z a cloak1 x seeks to pit its cunn+ aga9/ ! %e] might ( ^? x fe>s4 ,! position ( wom5 9 ! _w is mu* ! same4 ,! bus9ess ( be>+ & re>+ *ildr5 is de/ructive to _! physical /r5g?1 & 9 consequ5ce makes x impossible = !m to prevail by =ce :5 _! ideas & ^? ( m5 happ5 to diff]4 ,to take away ! /+ ( ?is incapacity1 !y make a virtue ( x1 & x becomes mode/y1 humility1 self-sacrifice & fidelity2 to w9 9 spite ( x !y cultivate cunn+1 :i* commonly takes ! =m ( hypocrisy1 cajol]y1 dissimulation & m or less mask$ appeals to ! mascul9e sexual in/9ct4 ,all ( ?is is s (t5 obs]v$ 9 e-day life t x has become commonplace4 ,a woman is physically unable to =ce a man to d z %e desires1 b h] v inability to d s becomes a s5tim5tal weapon aga9/ him1 & h] bl&i%m5ts d ! re/4 ,! spectacle ( a /rong man rul$ by a weak woman is no r>e "o c]ta9ly1 & ,samson 0 nei!r ! fir/ nor la/ giant to fall be=e a ,delilah4 ,!re is sc>cely a h\sehold 9 all ! _w1 9 tru?1 9 :i* ! famili> drama is n be+ act$ & react$ day aft] day4 ,n[1 x is pla9 f ! =ego+ t1 ?\gh wom5's bus9ess 9 ! _w is ( su* a "* t x inevitably leads to physical deg5]ation1 h] con/ant ne$ to ov]come ! effects ( ?is deg5]ation by cunn+ produces con/ant m5tal activity1 :i*1 by ! law ( ex]cise1 %\ld produce1 9 turn1 great m5tal effici5cy4 ,?is conclusion1 9 "p1 is p]fectly correct1 = wom51 z a sex1 are %rewd1 res\rceful & acute2 b ! v fact t !y are always conc]n$ ) imm95t problems & t1 9 consequ5ce1 !y are unaccu/om$ to deal+ ) ! l>g] riddles ( life1 makes _! m5tal attitude ess5tially petty4 ,?is expla9s ! circum/ance t despite _! m5tal suppl5ess1 !y are n g5u9ely /rong intellectually4 ,inde$1 ! v contr>y is true4 ,wom5's con/ant ?\ght is1 n to lay d[n broad pr9ciples ( "r & wrong2 n to place ! :ole _w 9 h>mony ) "s great s*eme ( ju/ice2 n to consid] ! future ( nations2 n to make two blades ( grass gr[ :]e "o grew be=e2 b to deceive1 influ5ce1 sway & please m54 ,normally1 _! weakness makes mascul9e protection necess>y to _! exi/5ce & to ! ex]cise ( _! ov]p[]+ mat]nal in/9ct1 & s _! :ole ef=t is to obta9 ?is protection 9 ! easie/ way possible4 ,! net result is t fem99e morality is a morality ( opportunism & imm95t exp$i5cy1 & t ! normal woman has no respect =1 & sc>cely any conception ( ab/ract tru?4 ,?us is prov$ ! fact not$ by ,s*op5hau] & _m o!r obs]v]s3 t a woman seldom manife/s any true s5se ( ju/ice or ( honor4 ,x is unnecess>y to set =? ?is idea 9 great] detail1 because ev]yone is famili> ) x & pro(s ( its accuracy are suppli$ 9 inf9ite abundance by common obs]vation4 ,nietzs*e accept$ x z demon/rat$4 ,:5 he set out to pursue ! subject fur!r1 he reject$ entirely ! ,s*op5hau]ean coroll>y t man %\ld ev] reg>d woman z 8 enemy1 & %\ld seek1 by all means )9 8 p[]1 to escape h] insidi\s influ5ce4 ,su* a notion naturally outrag$ ! philosoph] ( ! sup]man4 ,he 0 nev] an advocate ( runn+ away3 to all ! facts ( exi/5ce he said yes4 ,8 ideal 0 n resignation or flight1 b an intellig5t defiance & opposition4 ,!re=e1 he argu$ t man %\ld accept woman z a natural oppon5t array$ aga9/ him = ! b5evol5t purpose ( /imulat+ him to con/ant effici5cy4 ,opposition1 he po9t$ out1 0 a necess>y =]unn] ( function1 & 9 consequ5ce ! fact t woman sp5t h] entire ef=t 9 a ceaseless endeavor to und]m9e & *ange ! w ( man1 m]ely s]v$ to make ?is w al]t & /rong1 & s increas$ man's capacity = meet+ & ov]com+ ! enemies ( 8 exi/5ce4 ,a man consci\s ( 8 /r5g?1 obs]ves ,nietzs*e1 ne$ h no fe> ( wom54 ,x is only ! man :o f9ds himself utt]ly helpless 9 ! face ( fem99e cajol]y t mu/ cry1 ,get !e beh9d me1 ,satan6 & flee4 ,x is only ! mo/ s5sual m51 he says1 :o h to %un wom5 & torture _! bodies4 ,! normal1 heal?y man1 despite ! /rong appeal :i* wom5 make to him by _! subtle putt+ =w>d ( ! sexual idea--visually z dress1 coquetry & :at n--/ill keeps a level head4 ,he is /rong en\gh to wea!r ! sexual /orm4 ,b ! man :o _c d ?is1 :o exp]i5ces no normal reaction 9 ! direction ( gu>d$ness & caution & reason1 mu/ ei!r ab&on himself utt]ly z a helpless slave to woman's in/9ct ( race-pres]vation1 & s become a be/ial voluptu>y1 or avoid temptation altoge!r & s become a celibate4#b ,!re is no?+ ess5tially evil 9 woman's ef=t to combat & control man's w by con/antly sugge/+ ! sexual idea to him1 because x is necess>y1 = ! p]man5ce ( ! race1 t ?is idea be pres5t$ frequ5tly & p[]fully4 ,!re=e1 ! conflict betwe5 mascul9e & fem99e ideals is to be reg>d$1 n z a lam5table battle1 9 :i* "o side is "r & ! o!r wrong1 b a conv5i5t means ( provid+ t /imulation-by-opposition )\t :i* all function1 & 9 consequ5ce all progress1 w\ld cease4 ,! man :o reg>ds wom5 z an enemy to be avoid$1 says ,nietzs*e1 betrays an unbridl$ lu/ :i* loa!s n only itself1 b also its means4#c ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 occasions :5 ! fem99e influ5ce1 by its v subtlety1 works h>m to ! high] sort ( m54 ,x is dang]\s = a man to love too viol5tly & x is dang]\s1 too1 = him to be lov$ too mu*4' ,! natural incl9ation ( wom5 to a quiet1 uni=m & peaceful exi/5ce --t is to say1 to a slave-morality--op]ates adv]sely to ! h]oic impulse ( ! mascul9e free _s4 ,)\t be+ aw>e ( x1 wom5 act l a p]son :o w\ld remove /ones f ! pa? ( a m9]alogi/1 le/ 8 feet %\ld come 9 contact ) !m--=gett+ entirely t he is f>+ =? = ! v purpose ( com+ 9 contact ) !m4444 ,! wives ( m5 ) l(ty aspirations _c resign !mselves to see+ _! husb&s suff]+1 impov]i%$ & slight$1 ev5 ?\gh x is app>5t t ?is suff]+ proves1 n only t its victim has *os5 8 attitude aright1 b also t 8 aims--"s day1 at lea/--w be realiz$4 ,wom5 always intrigue 9 secret aga9/ ! high] s\ls ( _! husb&s4 ,!y seek to *eat ! future = ! sake ( a pa9less & agreeable pres5t4#d ,9 o!r words1 ! fem99e vision is ev] limit$ 9 range4 ,y\r typical woman _c see f> ahead2 %e _c reason out ! ultimate effect ( a complicat$ s]ies ( causes2 h] eye is always ^u ! pres5t or ! v ne> future4 ,?us ,nietzs*e rea*es1 by a circuit\s r\te1 a conclusion support$ by ! almo/ unanim\s v]dict ( ! entire mascul9e sex1 at all times & ev]y:]e4 ,nietzs*e q agrees ) ,s*op5hau] 7& ) ne>ly ev]yone else :o has giv5 ! matt] ?\ght7 t ! ?+ we call love is gr\nd$ ^u physical desire1 & t all ( ^? arts ( dress & mann] 9 :i* wom5 excel are m]e devices = ar\s+ ?is desire 9 man1 b he po9ts out1 v ju/ly1 t a great _m o!r consid]ations also ent] into ! matt]4 ,love necess>ily presupposes a ye>n+ to mate1 & mat+ is its logical consequ5ce1 b ! human imag9ation has made x m ?an t4 ,! man 9 love sees 9 8 *>m]1 n only an attractive in/rum5t = satisfy+ 8 comp>atively r>e & necess>ily brief impulses to dalliance1 b also a wor?y companion1 guide1 c\nsellor & fri5d4 ,! ess5ce ( love is confid5ce--confid5ce 9 ! lov$ "o's judgm5t1 hone/y & fidelity & 9 ! p]si/5ce ( h] *>m4 ,s l>ge d ^! consid]ations loom among ! high] classes ( m5 t !y frequ5tly obscure ! fundam5tal sexual impulse entirely4 ,x is a commonplace1 inde$1 t 9 ! ec/asies ( amor\s idealization1 ! notion ( ! function itself becomes obnoxi\s4 ,x may be impossible to imag9e a man lov+ a woman )\t hav+ _h1 at "s "t1 consci\s desire = h]1 b all ! same x is und\bt$ly true t ! wi% = m>riage is v (t5 a wi% = close & con/ant association ) ! "o respect$1 admir$ & tru/$ r ?an a ye>n+ = ! satisfaction ( desire4 ,all ( ?is admiration1 respect & tru/1 z we h se51 may be int]pret$ z confid5ce1 :i*1 9 turn1 is fai?4 ,n[1 fai? is ess5tially unreasonable1 & 9 ! great majority ( cases1 is ! v anti!sis ( reason4 ,!re=e1 a man 9 love commonly end[s ! object ( 8 affection ) m]its :i*1 to ! eye ( a dis9t]e/$ p]son1 %e obvi\sly lacks4 ,love 444 has a secret crav+ to discov] 9 ! lov$ "o z _m beautiful qualities z possible & to raise h] z high z possible4 ,:oev] idolizes a p]son tries to ju/ify himself by idealiz+2 & ?us becomes an arti/ 7or self-deceiv]7 9 ord] to h a cle> consci5ce4 ,aga9 !re is a t5d5cy to illogical g5]alization4 ,ev]y?+ :i* pleases me once1 or sev]al times1 is pleas+ ( & 9 itself4 ,! result ( ?is1 ( c\rse1 is quick & pa9ful disillusion4 ,! lov$ "o is necess>ily m]ely human & :5 ! ideal gives way to ! real1 reaction necess>ily foll[s4 ,_m a m>ri$ man awak5s "o morn+ to ! consci\sness t 8 wife is f> f attractive4#e ,& x is only fair to note t ! same awak5+ is probably ! bitt] portion ( mo/ m>ri$ wom51 too4 ,9 addition1 x is pla9 t ! purely physical desire :i* lies at ! bottom ( all human love1 no matt] h[ mu* s5tim5tal consid]ations may obscure x1 is m]ely a passion & s1 9 ! v nature ( ?+s1 is int]mitt5t & evanesc5t4 ,!re are mom5ts :5 x is ov]p[]+1 b !re are h\rs1 days1 weeks & mon?s :5 x is dormant4 ,!re=e1 we mu/ conclude ) ,nietzs*e1 t ! ?+ we call love1 :e!r consid]$ f its physical or psy*ical aspect1 is fragile & %ort-liv$4 ,n[1 inasmu* z m>riage1 9 ! majority ( cases1 is a p]man5t in/itution 7z x is1 accord+ to ! !ory ( our moral code1 9 all cases71 x foll[s t1 9 ord] to make ! relation be>able1 some?+ mu/ arise to take ! place ( love4 ,?is some?+1 z we "k1 is ord9>ily tol]ance1 respect1 cam>ad]ie1 or a common int]e/ 9 ! well-be+ ( ! matrimonial firm or 9 ! (fspr+ ( ! m>riage4 ,9 o!r words1 ! discov]y t _m ( ! ideal qualities se5 9 ! life-companion ?r\gh ! rosy glasses ( love d n exi/ is succe$$ by a common-s5se & uns5tim5tal decision to make ! be/ ( ^? real ones :i* actually d exi/4 ,f ?is x is app>5t t a m>riage is mo/ apt to be successful :5 ! qualities imag9$ 9 ! belov$ are all1 or ne>ly all1 real3 t is to say1 :5 ! possibility ( disillusion is at an irr$ucible m9imum4 ,?is occurs sometimes by accid5t1 b ,nietzs*e po9ts out t su* accid5ts are comp>atively r>e4 ,a man 9 love1 inde$1 is ! wor/ possible judge ( 8 inamorata's possession ( ^? traits :i* w make h] a satisfactory wife1 =1 z we h not$1 he obs]ves h] ?r\gh an ideal haze & sees 9 h] innum]able m]its :i*1 to ! eye ( an unprejudic$ & accurate obs]v]1 %e does n possess4 ,nietzs*e1 at diff]5t times1 po9t$ out two rem$ies = ?is4 ,8 fir/ plan propos$ t m>riages = love be disc\rag$1 & t we endeavor to insure ! p]man5ce ( ! relation by putt+ ! selection ( mates into ! h&s ( ?ird p]sons likely to be dispassionate & f>-see+3 a plan foll[$ ) great success1 x may be recall$1 by mo/ anci5t peoples & 9 vogue1 9 a m or less disguis$ =m1 9 _m ,european c\ntries today4 ,x is impossible1 he said1 to f\nd a p]man5t in/itution ^u an idiosyncrasy4 ,m>riage1 if x is to /& z ! bulw>k ( civilization1 _c be f\nd$ ^u ! tempor>y & unreasonable ?+ call$ love4 ,to fulfil its mission1 x mu/ be f\nd$ ^u ! impulse to reproduction1 or race p]man5ce2 ! impulse to possess prop]ty 7wom5 & *ildr5 are prop]ty72 & ! impulse to rule1 :i* con/antly organizes = itself ! smalle/ unit ( sov]eignty1 ! family1 & :i* ne$s *ildr5 & heirs to ma9ta91 by physical =ce1 :atev] measure ( p[]1 ri*es & influ5ce x atta9s4 ,nietzs*e's second proposal 0 no?+ m or less ?an ! in/itution ( trial m>riage1 :i*1 :5 x 0 propos$ ye>s lat] by an ,am]ican sociologi/1#f caus$ all ! upro> :i* inv>iably rises 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates :5ev] an attempt is made to seek absolute tru?4 ,give u a t]m1 said ,z>a?u/ra1 & a small m>riage1 t we may see :e!r we are fit = ! great m>riage4#g ,! idea "h1 ( c\rse1 is simply ?is3 t1 :5 a man & a woman f9d x utt]ly impossible to live 9 h>mony1 x is bett] = !m to sep>ate at once ?an to live on toge!r1 mak+ a mock ( ! in/itution !y pr(ess to respect1 & begett+ *ildr5 :o1 9 ,nietzs*e's phrase1 _c be reg>d$ o!r ?an z m]e scapegoats ( matrimony4 ,nietzs*e saw t ?is notion 0 s utt]ly oppos$ to all curr5t ideals & hypocrisies t x w\ld be useless to argue x1 & s he ve]$ t[>d 8 fir/ proposal4 ,! latt]1 despite its violation ( "o ( ! mo/ sacr$ illusions ( ! ,anglo-,saxon race1 is by no means a m]e fantasy ( ! *air4 ,m>riages 9 :i* love is subord9at$ to mutual fitness & mat]ial consid]ations are ! rule 9 _m c\ntries today1 & h be5 s = ?\s&s ( ye>s1 & if x be urg$ t1 9 ,france1 _! fruit has be5 adult]y1 unfruitfulness & deg5]ation1 x may be answ]$ t1 9 ,turkey1 ,japan & ,india1 !y h become ! corn]/ones ( q respectable civilizations4 ,nietzs*e believ$ t ! ultimate mission & function ( human m>riage 0 ! bre$+ ( a race ( sup]m5 & he saw v cle>ly t =tuit\s pair+ w\ld nev] br+ ?is ab\t4 ,?\ %alt n only propagate ?yself1 said ,z>a?u/ra1 b propagate ?yself upw>d4 ,m>riage %\ld be ! w ( two to create t :i* is great] ?an ei!r4 ,b t :i* ! _m call m>riage--alas6 :at call ,i t8 ,alas ,i t s\l-pov]ty ( two6 ,alas6 t s\l-fil? ( two6 ,alas6 t mis]able dalliance ( two6 ,m>riage !y call x--& !y say t m>riages are made 9 heav54 ,i l !m n3 ^! animals caught 9 heav5ly nets4444 ,laugh n at su* m>riages6 ,:at *ild has n reason to weep ov] its p>5ts8 ,x is ! old argum5t aga9/ haphaz>d bre$+4 ,we select ! sires & dams ( our race-horses ) mo/ elaborate c>e1 b ! /ra9s t m+le 9 our *ildr5's ve9s get !re by *ance4 ,wor?y & ripe = begett+ ! sup]man ?is man appe>$ to me1 b :5 ,i saw 8 wife e>? seem$ a madh\se4 ,yea1 ,i wi% ! e>? w\ld tremble 9 convulsions :5 su* a sa9t & su* a goose mate6 ,?is "o f\ght = tru? l a h]o--& !n took to he>t a little dress$-up lie4 ,he calls x 8 m>riage4 ,t "o 0 res]v$ 9 int]c\rse & *ose 8 associates fa/idi\sly--& !n spoil$ 8 company =ev]4 ,he calls x 8 m>riage4 ,a ?ird s\ght = a s]vant ) an angel's virtues4 ,n[ he is ! s]vant ( a woman4 ,ev5 ! mo/ cunn+ buys 8 wife 9 a sack4#h ,z has be5 not$1 ,nietzs*e 0 by no means a declaim] aga9/ wom54 ,a ba*elor himself & con/itutionally suspici\s ( all :o walk$ 9 skirts1 he nev]!less avoid$ ! error ( damn+ ! :ole sex z a dang]\s & malignant excresc5ce ^u ! face ( humanity4 ,he saw t woman's m9d 0 ! natural complem5t ( man's m9d2 t womanly guile 0 z useful1 9 its place1 z mascul9e tru?2 t man1 to reta9 ^? faculties :i* made him ma/] ( ! e>?1 ne$$ a p]si/5t & res\rceful oppon5t to /imulate !m & s pres]ve & develop !m4 ,s long z ! in/itution ( ! family rema9$ a premise 9 e sociological syllogism1 s long z m]e fruitfulness rema9$ z mu* a m]it among intellig5t human be+s z x 0 among peasants & cattle--s long1 he saw1 x w\ld be necess>y = ! /rong] sex to submit to ! p>asitic opportunism ( ! weak]4 ,b he 0 f> f exalt+ m]e wom5 into goddesses1 aft] ! s5tim5tal fa%ion ( ^? virtuosi ( illusion :o pass = law-giv]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & p>ticul>ly 9 ! s\!rn "p !re(4 ,*ivalry1 ) its ridicul\s d5ial ( obvi\s facts1 seem$ to him unspeakable & ! good old sub-,potomac doctr9es t a woman :o loses h] virtue is1 ipso facto1 a victim & n a crim9al or p>ticeps crim9is1 & t a lady1 by virtue ( be+ a lady1 is necess>ily a reluctant & helpless qu>ry 9 ! hunt ( love--^! anci5t & v5]able fallacies w\ld h made him laugh4 ,he admitt$ ! great & noble "p t woman _h to play 9 ! _w-drama1 b he saw cle>ly t h] me?ods 7 ess5tially deceptive1 ins9c]e & p]nici\s1 & s he held t %e %\ld be conf9$ to h] prop] role & t any ef=t %e made to take a h& 9 o!r matt]s %\ld be reg>d$ ) suspicion1 & :5 necess>y1 viol5tly oppos$4 ,?us ,nietzs*e dete/$ ! idea ( wom5's suffrage almo/ z mu* z he dete/$ ! idea ( *ivalry4 ,! p>ticipation ( wom5 9 l>ge affairs1 he argu$1 c\ld lead to b "o result3 ! contam9ation ( ! mascul9e ideals ( ju/ice1 honor & tru? by ! fem99e ideals ( dissimulation1 equivocation & intrigue4 ,9 wom51 he believ$1 !re 0 an entire abs5ce ( t in/9ctive lik+ = a squ>e deal & a fair fight :i* "o f9ds 9 all m5--ev5 ! wor/4 ,h5ce1 ,nietzs*e believ$ t1 9 8 deal+s ) wom51 man %\ld be w>y & cauti\s4 ,let m5 fe> wom5 :5 %e love?3 = %e sacrifice? all = love & no?+ else ha? value to h]4444 ,man is = woman a means3 ! end is always ! *ild4444 ,two ?+s are want$ by ! true man3 dang] & play4 ,!re=e he seeke? woman z ! mo/ dang]\s toy )9 8 rea*4444 ,?\ goe/ to wom58 ,don't =get ?y :ip6#i ,?is la/ s5t5ce has help$ to make ,nietzs*e a /5* 9 ! no/rils ( ! or?odox1 b ! context makes 8 argum5t f> m ?an a m]e ef=t at s5sational epigram4 ,he is po9t+ out ! utt] unscrupul\sness :i* lies at ! f\ndation ( ! mat]nal in/9ct3 an unscrupul\sness famili> to e obs]v] ( humanity4#aj ,inde$1 x is s pot5t a factor 9 ! affairs ( ! _w t we h1 by our anci5t device ( labell+ ! inevitable ! good1 exalt$ x to ! dignity & e/ate ( a virtue4 ,b all ! same1 we are in/9ctively consci\s ( its inh]5t opposition to tru? & ju/ice1 & s our law books provide t a woman :o commits a crime 9 h] husb&'s pres5ce is presum$ to h be5 l$ to x by h] desire to "w :at %e reg>ds z 8 good1 :i* means h] desire to reta9 8 protection & good w4 ,man's happ9ess is3 ',i w4' ,woman's happ9ess is3 ',he w4'#aa ,mat]nity1 ?\ght ,nietzs*e1 0 a ?+ ev5 m sublime ?an pat]nity1 because x produc$ a m ke5 s5se ( race responsibility4 ,is !re a /ate m bless$1 he ask$1 ?an t ( a woman ) *ild8444 ,ev5 worldly ju/ice does n all[ ! judge & hangman to lay hold on h]4#ab ,he saw1 too1 t woman's ins9c]e maso*ism#ac spurr$ man to h]oic ef=ts & gave vigor & direction to 8 "w by ! v fact t x bore ! outw>d aspect ( helplessness4 ,he saw t ! resultant /imulation ( ! w to p[] 0 responsible = _m ( ! _w's great de$s1 & t1 if woman s]v$ no o!r purpose1 %e w\ld /ill take an honorable place z ! mo/ spl5did rew>d--great] ?an honors or treasures--t humanity c\ld be/[ ^u its victors4 ,! w9n+ ( a beautiful & mu*-s\ght woman1 inde$1 w rema9 z great an inc5tive to endeavor z ! conque/ ( a pr9cipality s long z humanity rema9s sub/antially z x is today4 ,x is un=tunate t ,nietzs*e left u no record ( 8 notions reg>d+ ! probable future ( matrimony z an in/itution4 ,we h reason to believe t he agre$ ) ,s*op5hau]'s analysis ( ! lady1 i4e4 ! woman elevat$ to spl5did1 b complete p>asitism4 ,s*op5hau] %[$ t ?is pitiful creature 0 ! product ( ! monogam\s ideal1 j z ! pro/itute 0 ! product ( ! monogam\s actuality4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,engl&1 un=tunately1 x is impossible to discuss su* matt]s ) frankness1 or to apply to !m ! /&>ds ( absolute tru?1 on acc\nt ( ! absurd axiom t monogamy is orda9$ ( ,god1--) :i* maxim !re appe>s ! equally absurd coroll>y3 t ! civilization ( a p is to be measur$ by ! degree ( dep5d5ce ( its wom54 ,luckily = po/]ity ?is la/ revolt+ doctr9e is fa/ dy+1 ?\gh its decad5ce is sc>cely notic$ & :olly misund]/ood4 ,we see ab\t u t wom5 are becom+ m & m indep5d5t & self-suffici5t & t1 z individuals1 !y h less & less ne$ to seek & reta9 ! good w & protection ( individual m51 b we ov]look ! fact t ?is t5d5cy is fa/ und]m9+ ! anci5t !ory t ! family is a necess>y & impeccable in/itution & t )\t x progress w\ld be impossible4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! idea ( ! family1 z x exi/s today1 is bas$ entirely ^u ! idea ( fem99e helplessness4 ,s soon z wom5 are capable ( mak+ a liv+ = !mselves & _! *ildr51 )\t ! aid ( ! fa!rs ( ! latt]1 ! old corn]/one ( ! family--! mascul9e def5d] & bread-w9n]--w f9d 8 occupation gone1 & x w become ridicul\s to =ce him1 by law or cu/om1 to dis*>ge duties = :i* !re is no long] ne$4 ,wipe out y\r mascul9e def5d]1 & y\r fem99e p>asite-haus-frau--& :]e is y\r family8 ,?is t5d5cy is exhibit$ empirically by ! ris+ revolt aga9/ ^? fett]s :i* ! family idea has impos$ ^u humanity3 by ! gr[+ feel+ t divorce %\ld be a matt] ( individual exp$i5ce2 by ! successful w> ( cosmopolitanism ^u insul>ity & clanni%ness & ^u all o!r co/ly outgr[?s ( ! old idea t because m5 are ( ! same blood !y mu/ necess>ily love "o ano!r2 & by ! increas+ reluctance among civiliz$ human be+s to become p>5ts )\t "s reason m logical ?an ! notion t p>5?ood1 9 itself1 is praisewor?y4 ,x seems pla91 9 a ^w1 t s soon z any consid]able portion ( ! wom5 ( ! _w become capable ( do+ m5's "w & ( ?us e>n+ a liv+ = !mselves & _! *ildr5 )\t ! aid ( m51 !re w be 9 full progress a dang]\s1 if unconsci\s1 w> ^u ! in/itution ( m>riage4 ,x may be urg$ 9 reply t ?is w nev] happ51 because ( ! fact t wom5 are physically unequal to m51 & t 9 consequ5ce ( _! duty ( *ild-be>+1 !y w ev] rema9 s1 b x may be answ]$ to ?is t use w probably va/ly increase _! physical fitness2 t sci5ce w rob *ild-be>+ ( mo/ ( its t]rors )9 a comp>atively few ye>s2 & t ! woman :o seeks to g x alone w h only h]self & h] *ild to ma9ta91 :]eas1 ! man ( today has n only himself & 8 *ild1 b also ! woman4 ,aga91 x is pla9 t ! economic h&icap ( *ild-be>+ is greatly ov]e/imat$4 ,at mo/1 ! bus9ess ( mat]nity makes a woman utt]ly helpless = no long] ?an ?ree mon?s1 & 9 ! case ( a woman :o has ?ree *ildr51 ?is means n9e mon?s 9 a life "t4 ,x is entirely probable t alcohol alone1 n to speak ( o!r enemies ( effici5cy1 robs ! av]age man ( q t mu* productive activity dur+ 8 ?ree score ye>s & t54 #a ,also spra* ,z>a?u/ra1 ,,iii4 #b ,nietzs*e saw1 ( c\rse 7,! ,g5ealogy ( ,morals1 ,,iii71 t tempor>y celibacy 0 frequ5tly necess>y to m5 ) peculi>ly difficult & vitiat+ tasks ahead ( !m4 ,! philosoph] :o s\ght to solve _w riddles1 he said1 _h ne$ to /e] cle> ( wom51 = reasons :i* appeal$1 ) equal =ce1 to ! a?lete :o s\ght to p]=m great feats ( physical /r5g?4 ,x is obvi\s1 h[ev]1 t ?is desire to escape di/raction & dra9 diff]s va/ly f e?ical celibacy4 #c ,morg5rte1 #cdf4 #d ,m5s*li*es allzu ,m5s*li*es1 #dca1 #dcd4 #e ,all ( ^! quotations are f ,morg5rte4 #f ,elsie ,clews ,p>sons3 ,! ,family1 ,new ,york1 #aijf4 ,mrs4 ,p>sons is a doctor ( philosophy1 a ,h>tley h\se fell[ & 0 = six ye>s a lectur] on sociology at ,b>n>d ,college4 #g ,also spra* ,z>a?u/ra1 ,,iii4 #h ,also spra* ,z>a?u/ra1 ,i4 #i ,also spra* ,z>a?u/ra1 ,i4 #aj ,until q rec5tly x 0 consid]$ indec5t & indef5sible to m5tion ?is fact1 despite its obvi\sness4 ,b x is n[ discuss$ freely en\gh & 9 ,h5ry ,ar?ur ,jones' play1 ,! ,hypocrites1 x is pres5t$ admirably 9 ! "* ( ! "m ^: in/9ctive ef=t to protect h] son makes h] a sc\ndrel & ! son a cad4 #aa ,also spra* ,z>a?u/ra1 ,i4 #ab ,morg5rte1 #eeb4 #ac ,pr(4 ,dr4 ,r4 von ,krafft ,eb+3 ,maso*ism is 444 a peculi> p]v]sion 444 consi/+ 9 ?is1 t ! individual seiz$ ) x is dom9at$ by ! idea t he is :olly & unconditionally subject$ to ! w ( a p]son ( ! opposite sex1 :o treats him imp]i\sly & humiliates & maltreats him4 ,x ,,gov]nm5t ,l ,sp5c] be=e him1 ,nietzs*e believ$1 z we h se51 t ! be/ possible sy/em ( gov]nm5t 0 t :i* lea/ int]f]$ ) ! desires & ent]prises ( ! effici5t & intellig5t individual4 ,t is to say1 he held t x w\ld be well to e/abli%1 among ! memb]s ( 8 fir/ ca/e ( human be+s1 a sort ( glorifi$ an>*y4 ,ea* memb] ( ?is ca/e %\ld be at lib]ty to "w out 8 own de/9y = himself4 ,!re %\ld be no laws regulat+ & circumscrib+ 8 relations to o!r memb]s ( 8 ca/e1 except ! easily-recognizable & (t5-*ang+ laws ( common int]e/1 & above all1 !re %\ld be no laws =c+ him to submit to1 or ev5 to consid]1 ! wi%es & behe/s ( ! two l[] ca/es4 ,! high] man1 9 a ^w1 %\ld admit no responsibility :atev] to ! l[] ca/es4 ,! l[e/ ( all he %\ld look ^u solely z a race ( slaves br$ to "w 8 welf>e 9 ! mo/ effici5t & uncompla9+ mann] possible1 & ! milit>y ca/e %\ld seem to him a race design$ only to c>ry out 8 ord]s & s prev5t ! slave ca/e m>*+ aga9/ him4 ,x is pla9 f ?is t ,nietzs*e /ood squ>ely oppos$ to bo? ( ! two s*emes ( gov]nm5t :i*1 on ! surface1 at lea/1 seem to prevail 9 ! we/]n _w today4 ,= ! mon>*ial ideal & = ! democratic ideal he _h ! same words ( contempt4 ,"u an absolute mon>*y1 he believ$1 ! milit>y or law-en=c+ ca/e 0 unduly exalt$1 & s its natural t5d5cy to p]man5ce 0 increas$ & its natural opposition to all exp]im5t & progress 0 made well nigh irresi/ible4 ,"u a communi/ic democracy1 on ! o!r h&1 ! mi/ake 0 made ( putt+ p[] into ! h&s ( ! great1 in]t h]d1 :i* 0 necess>ily & inevitably ignorant1 cr$ul\s1 sup]/iti\s1 corrupt & wrong4 ,! natural t5d5cy ( ?is h]d1 said ,nietzs*e1 0 to combat *ange & progress z bitt]ly & z ceaselessly z ! milit>y-judicial ca/e1 & :51 by "s accid5t1 x rose out ( its rut & attempt$ exp]im5ts1 x ne>ly always made mi/akes1 bo? 9 its premises & its conclusions & s got hopelessly bogg$ 9 error & imbecility4 ,its feel+ = tru? seem$ to him to be almo/ nil2 its m9d c\ld nev] see b5ea? mislead+ ext]iors4 ,9 ! m>ket place1 said ,z>a?u/ra1 "o conv9ces by ge/ures1 b real reasons make ! populace di/ru/ful4#a ,t ?is natural incompet5ce ( ! masses is an actual fact 0 obs]v$ by a hundr$ philosoph]s be=e ,nietzs*e1 & fre% pro(s ( x are spread copi\sly be=e ! _w e day4 ,:]ev] univ]sal suffrage1 or "s close approa* to x1 is ! prim>y axiom ( gov]nm5t1 ! ?+ kn[n 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates z freak legislation is a con/ant evil4 ,on ! /atute books ( ! great majority ( ,am]ican /ates !re are laws s pla9ly oppos$ to all common-s5se t !y be> an air ( almo/ pa!tic humor4 ,"o /ate legislature1#b 9 an ef=t to prev5t ! corrupt employm5t ( insurance funds1 passes laws s /r+5t t1 9 ! face ( !m1 x is utt]ly impossible = an insurance company to transact a pr(itable bus9ess4 ,ano!r consid]s an act contrav5+ rights gu>ante$ specifically by ! /ate & national con/itutions2#c yet ano!r#d passes a law prohibit+ divorce "u any circum/ances :atev]4 ,& ! spectacle is by no means conf9$ to ! ,am]ican /ates4 ,9 ! ,au/ralian ,commonweal?1 mob-rule has burd5$ ! /atutes ) regulations :i* make difficult1 if n impossible1 ! natural developm5t ( ! c\ntry's res\rces & trade4 ,if1 9 ,engl& & ,g]many1 ! effect ( univ]sal suffrage has be5 less app>5t1 x is because 9 ^! c\ntries ! two upp] ca/es h solv$ ! problem ( keep+ ! prolet>iat1 despite its !oretical sov]eignty1 9 prop] lea% & b\nds4 ,! possibility ( ex]cis+ ?is control seem$ to ,nietzs*e to be ! sav+ grace ( all mod]n =ms ( gov]nm5t1 j z _! ess5tial impossibility appe>$ z ! sav+ grace alike ( ,*ri/ianity & ( communi/ic civilization4 ,9 ,engl&1 z we h se51#e ! milit>y-judicial ca/e1 despite ! ,re=m ,act ( #ahfg1 has reta9$ its old dom9ance1 & 9 ,g]many1 despite ! occasional success ( ! sociali/s1 x is always possible = ! milit>y ari/ocracy1 by appeal+ to ! vanity ( ! b\rgeoisie1 to w9 9 a /&-up fight4 ,9 ,am]ica1 ! prolet>iat1 :5 x is n engag$ 9 function+ 9 its own extraord9>y mann]1 is commonly ! tool1 ei!r ( ! fir/ ( ,nietzs*e's ca/es or ( ! second4 ,t is to say1 ! av]age legislature has its price1 & ?is price is (t5 paid by ^? :o believe t old laws1 no matt] h[ imp]fect !y may be1 are bett] ?an h>um-sc>um new ones4 ,naturally en\gh1 ! mo/ intellig5t & effici5t ( ,am]icans--memb]s ( ! fir/ ca/e--d n (t5 g to a /ate capital ) corruption funds & op5ly buy legislation1 b nev]!less _! influ5ce is frequ5tly felt4 ,presid5t ,roosevelt1 = "o1 has m ?an once =c$ 8 views ^u a reluctant prolet>iat & ev5 enli/$ x "u 8 bann]--z 9 8 advocacy ( c5tralization1 a truly dionysian idea1 = example--& 9 ! s\!rn /ates ! educat$ :ite class--:i* !re repres5ts1 ?\gh 9 a melan*oly fa%ion1 ! ,nietzs*ean fir/ ca/e--has f\nd x easy to take f ! black masses _! v "r to vote1 despite ! fact t !y are ev]y:]e 9 a great majority num]ically1 & s1 by ! !ory ( democracy1 repres5t :atev] p[] lies 9 ! /ate4 ,?us x is app>5t t ,nietzs*e's argum5t aga9/ democracy1 l 8 argum5t aga9/ bro!rhood1 is bas$ ^u ! !sis t bo? are reject$ in/9ctively by all ^? m5 ^: activity works = ! progress ( ! human race4#f ,x is obvi\s1 ( c\rse1 t ! sort ( an>*y prea*$ by ,nietzs*e diff]s va/ly f ! be]y1 coll>less an>*y prea*$ by ,h]r ,mo/ & 8 unwa%$ foll[]s4 ,! latt] contemplates a susp5sion ( all laws 9 ord] t ! unfit may escape ! natural & rightful exploitation ( ! fit1 :]eas ! =m] r$uces ! unfit to de facto slav]y & makes !m subject to ! laws ( a ma/] class1 :i*1 9 s f> z ! relations ( its own memb]s1 "o to ! o!r1 are conc]n$1 recognizes no law b t ( natural selection4 ,to ! av]age ,am]ican or ,engli%man ! v "n ( an>*y causes a %udd]1 because x inv>iably conjures up a picture ( a l& t]roriz$ by l[-br[$ assass9s ) matt$ be>ds1 c>ry+ bombs 9 "o h& & mugs ( be] 9 ! o!r4 ,b z a matt] ( fact1 !re is no reason :atev] to believe t1 if all laws 7 aboli%$ tomorr[1 su* sw9e w\ld survive ! day4 ,!y are incompet5ts "u our pres5t pat]nalism & !y w\ld be incompet5ts "u dionysian an>*y4 ,! only diff]5ce betwe5 ! two /ates is t ! =m]1 by its laws1 protects m5 ( ?is sort1 :]eas ! latt] w\ld "w _! spe$y annihilation4 ,9 a ^w1 ! dionysian /ate w\ld see ! triumph1 n ( drunk5 loaf]s1 b ( ! v m5 ^: ef=ts are mak+ = progress today3 ^? /rong1 free1 self-reliant1 res\rceful m5 ^: capacities are s mu* great] ?an ! mob's t !y are (t5 able to =ce _! ideas ^u x despite its !oretical "r to rule !m & its actual endeavor s to d4 ,nietzs*ean an>*y w\ld create an ari/ocracy ( effici5cy4 ,! /rong man--:i* means ! intellig5t1 +5i\s & f>-see+ man--w\ld ackn[l$ge no au?ority b 8 own w & no morality b 8 own advantage4 ,z we h se5 9 previ\s *apt]s1 ?is w\ld re-e/abli% ! law ( natural selection firmly ^u its disput$ ?rone1 & s ! /rong w\ld gr[ ev] /rong] & m effici5t1 & ! weak w\ld gr[ ev] m ob$i5t & tractile4 ,x may be well at ?is place to glance briefly at an objection t has be5 urg$ aga9/ ,nietzs*e's argum5t by _m critics1 & p>ticul>ly by ^? 9 ! sociali/ic camp4 ,l$ to x1 no d\bt1 by _! too lit]al acceptance ( ,m>x's mat]iali/ic conception ( hi/ory1 !y h assum$ t ,nietzs*e's high] man mu/ necess>ily belong to ! class d5om9at$1 by our aft]-d9n] speak]s & lead] writ]s1 capta9s ( indu/ry1 & to ?is class alone4 ,t is to say1 !y h reg>d$ ! high] man z id5tical ) ! pu%+1 grasp+ buccane] ( f9ance1 because ?is buccane] has seem$ to !m to be ! only man ( today :o is truly /rong1 free1 self-reliant & res\rceful & ! only "o :o actually ackn[l$ges no au?ority b 8 own w4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 all ( ^! assumptions are 9 error4 ,= "o ?+1 ! capta9 ( indu/ry is n uncommonly ! rev]se ( a dionysian1 & )\t ! artificial aid ( our p]man5t laws1 he might (t5 p]i% 9 ! /ruggle = exi/5ce4 ,= ano!r ?+1 x is an obvi\s fact t ! m5 :o g mo/ viol5tly c\nt] to ! view ( ! h]d1 & :o battle mo/ /r5u\sly to prevail aga9/ x--our true crim9als & transvalu]s & break]s ( ! law--are n su* m5 z ,rockefell]1 b m5 su* z ,pa/eur2 n su* m5 z ,morgan & ,hooley1 b %am-sma%]s & tru?-tell]s & mob-fight]s aft] ! type ( ,huxley1 ,l9coln1 ,bism>ck1 ,d>w91 ,vir*[1 ,haeckel1 ,hobbes1 ,mac*iavelli1 ,h>vey & ,j5n]1 ! fa!r ( vacc9ation4 ,j5n]1 to *oose "o f ! long li/1 0 a real dionysian1 because he boldly pitt$ 8 own op9ion aga9/ ! practically unanim\s op9ion ( all ! re/ ( ! human race4 ,among ^? memb]s ( ! rul+ class 9 ,engl& :o came aft] him--^? m51 t is1 :o made vacc9ation compulsory--! dionysian _s 0 /ill m app>5t4 ,! masses !mselves did n want to be vacc9at$1 because !y 7 too ignorant to und]/& ! !ory ( inoculation & too /upid to be mu* impress$ by its unvisualiz$ &--= ye>s1 at lea/--impalpable b5efits4 ,yet _! rul]s =c$ !m1 aga9/ _! w1 to b>e _! arms4 ,& :y 0 ?is done8 ,0 x because ! rul+ class 0 possess$ by a b\ndless love = humanity & s ye>n$ to lavi% ^u x a weal? ( ,*ri/ian devotion8 ,n at all4 ,! real motive ( ! law mak]s 0 to be f\nd 9 two consid]ations4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 a prolet>iat :i* suff]$ f epidemics ( small-pox 0 a crippl$ mob ^: capacity = s]v+ its bett]s1 9 ! fields & factories ( ,engl&1 0 sadly decreas$4 ,9 ! second place exp]i5ce prov$ t :5 smallpox rag$ 9 ! slums1 x _h an unhappy habit ( /ret*+ out its arms 9 ! direction ( mansion & ca/le1 too4 ,!re=e1 ! prolet>iat 0 vacc9at$ & small-pox 0 /amp$ out--n because ! rul+ class lov$ ! work]s1 b because x want$ to make !m "w = x z cont9u\sly z possible & to remove or r$uce _! con/ant m5ace to its life & welf>e4 ,9 s f> z x took ! initiative 9 ^! proce$+s1 ! milit>y rul+-class ( ,engl& rais$ itself to ! em95ce ( ,nietzs*e's fir/ ca/e4 ,t ,j5n] himself1 :5 he put =w>d 8 idea & l$ ! milit>y ca/e to c>ry x into execution1 0 an ideal memb] ( ! fir/ ca/e1 is pla94 ,! goal be=e him 0 fame ev]la/+--& he ga9$ x4 ,i h made ?is r long digression because ! oppon5ts ( ,nietzs*e h voic$ _! error a ?\s& times & h well-nigh conv9c$ a great _m p]sons ( its tru?4 ,x is app>5t en\gh1 ( c\rse1 t a great _m m5 ^: en]gy is devot$ to ! accumulation ( money are truly dionysian 9 _! me?ods & aims1 b x is app>5t1 too1 t a great _m o!rs are n4 ,nietzs*e himself 0 well aw>e ( ! dang]s :i* beset a race en?rall$ by comm]cialism1 & he s\nd$ 8 w>n+ aga9/ !m4 ,trade1 be+ gr\nd$ ^u security1 t5ds to "w = p]man5ce 9 laws & cu/oms1 ev5 aft] ! actual utility ( ^! laws & cu/oms is op5ly que/ion$4 ,?is is %[n by ! p]si/5ce ( free trade 9 ,engl& & ( protectionism 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 despite ! fact t ! conditions ( exi/5ce1 9 bo? c\ntries1 h mat]ially *ang$ s9ce ! two sy/ems 7 adopt$1 & !re is n[ good gr\nd1 9 ea*1 = dem&+ re=m4 ,s x is pla9 t ,nietzs*e did n ca/ 8 high] man 9 ! mold ( a m]e millionaire4 ,x is conceivable t a c>eful analysis might prove ,mr4 ,morgan to be a dionysian1 b x is c]ta9 t 8 "* z su* w\ld n be gr\nd$ ^u 8 well-kn[n & (t-repeat$ plea t exi/+ in/itutions be p]mitt$ to rema9 z !y are4 ,yet aga91 a great _m critics ( ,nietzs*e mi/ake 8 criticism ( exi/+ gov]nm5tal in/itutions = an argum5t 9 favor ( _! imm$iate & viol5t abolition4 ,:5 he inveighs aga9/ mon>*y or democracy1 = in/ance1 x is conclud$ t he wants to assass9ate all ! exi/+ rul]s ( ! _w1 ov]turn all exi/+ gov]nm5ts & put *aos1 c>nage1 rap9e & an>*y 9 _! place4 ,su* a conclusion1 ( c\rse1 is a griev\s error4 ,nietzs*e by no means believ$ t re=ms c\ld be in/itut$ 9 a mom5t or t ! *>act]s & habits ( ?\ght ( human be+s c\ld be alt]$ by a lightn+ /roke4 ,8 :ole philosophy1 9 tru?1 0 bas$ ^u ! idea ( sl[ evolution1 ?r\gh inf9itely labori\s & inf9itely protract$ /ages4 ,all he attempt$ to d 0 to indicate ! errors t 7 be+ made 9 8 own "t & to po9t out ! probable "* ( ! tru?s t w\ld be accept$ 9 ! future4 ,he believ$ t x 0 only by con/ant skepticism1 criticism & opposition t progress c\ld be made1 & t ! greate/ ( all dang]s 0 inanition4 ,!re=e1 :5 he condemn$ all exi/+ s*emes ( gov]nm5t1 x meant no m ?an t he reg>d$ !m z bas$ ^u fundam5tal errors1 & t he hop$ & believ$ t1 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 ^! errors w\ld be obs]v$1 admitt$ & swept away1 to make room = o!r errors measurably less dang]\s1 & 9 ! end = tru?s4 ,su* 0 8 mission1 z he conceiv$ x3 to attack error :]ev] he saw x & to proclaim tru? :5ev] he f\nd x4 ,x is only by su* iconoclasm & proselyt+ t humanity c be help$4 ,x is only aft] a mi/ake is p]ceiv$ & admitt$ t x c be rectifi$4 ,nietzs*e's argum5t = ! free _s by no means d5ies ! efficacy ( co-op]ation 9 ! /ruggle upw>d1 b nei!r does x support t bl9d feti%ism :i* sees 9 co-op]ation ! sole in/rum5t ( human progress4 ,9 "o ( 8 *>act]i/ic ?umb-nail notes ^u evolution he says3 ,! mo/ important result ( progress 9 ! pa/ is ! fact t we no long] live 9 con/ant fe> ( wild bea/s1 b>b>ians1 gods & our own dreams4#g ,x may be argu$1 9 ref]5ce to ?is1 t organiz$ gov]nm5t is to be ?ank$ = our deliv]ance1 b a mom5t's ?\ght w %[ ! error ( ! notion4 ,humanity's w> ^u wild bea/s 0 f\ght & won by individuali/s1 :o _h 9 m9d no end b _! p]sonal safety & t ( _! *ildr51 & ! subsequ5t w> ^u b>b>ians w\ld h be5 impossible1 or at lea/ unsuccessful1 _h x n be5 = ! weapons inv5t$ & employ$ dur+ ! old] fight aga9/ bea/s4 ,aga91 x is app>5t t our emancipation f ! race's old sup]/itions reg>d+ gods & om5s has be5 a*iev$1 n by communal ef=t1 b by individual ef=t4 ,k & n gov]nm5t br\ght u ! tru? t made u free4 ,gov]nm5t1 9 its v ess5ce1 is oppos$ to all increase ( k4 ,its t5d5cy is always t[>d p]man5ce & aga9/ *ange4 ,x is un?9kable )\t "s accept$ s*eme ( law or morality1 & su* s*emes1 z we h se51 /& 9 direct anti!sis to e ef=t to f9d ! absolute tru?4 ,!re=e1 x is pla9 t ! progress ( humanity1 f> f be+ ! result ( gov]nm5t1 has be5 made entirely )\t its aid & 9 ! face ( its con/ant & bitt] opposition4 ,! code ( ,hammurabi1 ! laws ( ! ,m$es & ,p]sians1 ! ,code ,napoleon & ! ,engli% common law h ret>d$ ! se>* = ! ultimate v]ities almo/ z mu*1 inde$1 z ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts4 ,nietzs*e d5ies absolutely t !re is inh]5t 9 mank9d a ye>n+ to ga!r into communities4 ,!re is1 he says1 b "o primal in/9ct 9 human be+s 7z !re is 9 all o!r animals71 & t is ! desire to rema9 alive4 ,all ^? sy/ems ( ?\ght :i* assume ! exi/5ce ( a natural morality are wrong4 ,ev5 ! t5d5cy to tell ! tru?1 :i* seems to be inborn 9 e civiliz$ :ite man1 is n natural1 = !re h be5--& are today--races 9 :i* x is1 to all int5ts & purposes1 entirely abs5t4#h ,& s x is ) ! s-call$ social in/9ct4 ,man1 say ! communi/s1 is a greg>i\s animal & c be happy only 9 company ) 8 fell[s1 & 9 pro( ( x !y cite ! fact t lonel9ess is ev]y:]e reg>d$ z pa9ful & t1 ev5 among ! l[] animals1 !re is an impulse t[>d association4 ,! facts set =? 9 ! la/ s5t5ce are indisputable1 b !y by no means prove ! exi/5ce ( an elem5tal social feel+ suffici5tly /rong to make its satisfaction an end 9 itself4 ,9 o!r words1 :ile x is pla9 t m5 flock toge!r1 j z birds flock toge!r1 x is go+ too f> to say t ! m]e joy ( flock+--! m]e desire to be ) o!rs--is at ! bottom ( ! t5d5cy4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is q possible to %[ t m5 ga!r 9 communities = ! same reason t de] ga!r 9 h]ds3 because ea* individual realizes 7unconsci\sly1 p]haps7 t su* a comb9ation mat]ially aids him 9 ! bus9ess ( self-protection4 ,"o de] is no mat* = a lion1 b fifty de] make him impot5t4#i ,nietzs*e %[s t1 ev5 aft] communities are =m$1 ! /rong desire ( e individual to look out = himself1 reg>dless ( ! desires ( o!rs1 p]si/s1 & t1 9 e h]d !re are /rong memb]s & weak memb]s4 ,! =m]1 :5ev] ! occasion arises1 sacrifice ! latt]3 by =c+ ! heavy1 kill+ drudg]y ( ! community ^u !m or by putt+ !m1 9 "t ( w>1 into ! =efront ( ! fray4 ,! result is t ! weake/ are be+ con/antly we$$ out & ! /ronge/ are always becom+ /rong] & /rong]4 ,h5ce1 says ,nietzs*e1 ! fir/ '/ate' made its appe>ance 9 ! =m ( a t]rible tyranny1 a viol5t & unpity+ ma*9e1 :i* kept gr9d+ away until ! prim>y raw mat]ial1 ! man-ape1 0 knead$ & fa%ion$ into al]t1 effici5t man4 ,n[1 :5 a giv5 /ate becomes appreciably m effici5t ?an ! /ates ab\t x1 x inv>iably sets ab\t enslav+ !m4 ,?us l>g] & l>g] /ates are =m$1 b always !re is a rul+ ma/]-class & a s]v+ slave-class4 ,?is1 says ,nietzs*e1 is ! orig9 ( ! /ate on e>?1 despite ! fanta/ic !ory :i* w\ld f\nd x ^u "s g5]al agreem5t among its memb]s4 ,he :o c comm&1 he :o is a ma/] by nature1 he :o1 9 de$ & ge/ure1 behaves viol5tly--:at ne$ has he = agreem5ts8 ,su* be+s come z fate comes1 )\t reason or pretext4444 ,_! "w is ! in/9ctive creation ( =ms3 !y are ! mo/ unconsci\s ( all arti/s2 :]ev] !y appe>1 some?+ new is at once creat$--a gov]nm5tal organism :i* lives2 9 :i* ! individual p>ts & functions are diff]5tiat$ & br\ght into correlation1 & 9 :i* no?+ at all is tol]able unless "s utility ) respect to ! :ole is implant$ 9 x4 ,!y are innoc5t ( guilt1 ( responsibility1 ( *>ity--^! born rul]s4 ,!y are rul$ by t t]rible art-egotism :i* kn[s itself to be ju/ifi$ by its "w1 z ! "m kn[s h]self to be ju/ifi$ by h] *ild4 ,nietzs*e po9ts out t1 ev5 aft] nations h atta9$ "s degree ( p]man5ce & h introduc$ e?ical concepts into _! relations ) "o ano!r1 !y /ill give evid5ce ( t same prim>y w to p[] :i* is responsible1 at bottom1 = e act ( ! individual man4 ,! masses1 9 any nation1 he says1 are ready to sacrifice _! lives1 _! goods & *attels1 _! consci5ces & _! virtue1 to obta9 t highe/ ( pleasures3 ! feel+ t !y rule1 ei!r 9 reality or 9 imag9ation1 ov] o!rs4 ,on ^! occasions !y make virtues ( _! in/9ctive ye>n+s1 & s !y enable an ambiti\s or wisely provid5t pr9ce to ru% into a w> ) ! good consci5ce ( 8 p z 8 excuse4 ,! great conqu]ors h always _h ! language ( virtue on _! lips3 !y h always _h cr[ds ( p ar\nd !m :o felt exalt$ & w\ld n li/5 to any b ! mo/ exalt$ s5tim5ts4444 ,:5 man feels ! s5se ( p[]1 he feels & calls himself good1 & at ! same "t ^? :o h to endure ! weight ( 8 p[] call him evil4 ,su* is ! curi\s mutability ( moral judgm5ts6444 ,hesiod1 9 8 fable ( ! _w's ages1 twice pictur$ ! age ( ! ,hom]ic h]oes & made two out ( "o4 ,to ^? ^: ance/ors 7 "u ! iron heel ( ! ,hom]ic despots1 x appe>$ evil2 :ile to ! gr&*ildr5 ( ^! despots x appe>$ good4 ,h5ce ! poet _h no alt]native b to d z he did3 8 audi5ce 0 compos$ ( ! desc5dants ( bo? classes4#aj ,nietzs*e saw naught b decad5ce & illusion 9 humanit>ianism & nationalism4 ,to pr(ess a love = ! masses seem$ to him to be ridicul\s & to pr(ess a love = "o race or tribe ( m51 9 pref]5ce to all o!rs1 seem$ to him no less s4 ,?us he d5i$ ! validity ( two ideals :i* lie at ! base ( all civiliz$ sy/ems ( gov]nm5t1 & con/itute1 9 fact1 ! v conception ( ! /ate4 ,he call$ himself1 n a ,g]man1 b a good ,european4 ,we good ,europeans1 he said1 are n ,fr5* en\gh to 'love mank9d4' ,a man mu/ be afflict$ by an excess ( ,gallic eroticism to approa* mank9d ) ard\r4 ,mank9d6 ,0 !re ev] a m hide\s old woman among all ! old wom58 ,no1 we d n love mank9d6444 ,on ! o!r h&1 we are n ,g]man en\gh to advocate nationalism & race-hatr$1 or to take delight 9 t national blood-poison+ :i* sets up qu>ant9es betwe5 ! nations ( ,europe4 ,we are too unprejudic$ = t--too p]v]se1 too fa/idi\s1 too well-in=m$1 too mu* travell$4 ,we pref] to live on m\nta9s--ap>t1 unseasonable4444 ,we are too div]se & mix$ 9 race to be patriots4 ,we are1 9 a ^w1 good ,europeans--! ri* heirs ( mill5niums ( ,european ?\ght4444 ,we rejoice 9 ev]y?+1 :i* l ourselves1 loves dang]1 w> & adv5ture--:i* does n make compromises1 nor let itself be captur$1 conciliat$ or fac$4444 ,we pond] ov] ! ne$ ( a new ord] ( ?+s--ev5 ( a new slav]y1 = ! /r5g!n+ & elevation ( ! human race always involves ! exi/5ce ( slaves4444#aa ,! horizon is unob/ruct$4444 ,our %ips c />t on _! voyage once m 9 ! face ( dang]4444 ,! sea--our sea6--lies be=e u6#ab #a ,also spra* ,z>a?u/ra1 ,,iv4 #b ,t ( ,wiscons9 at ! #aijg session4 #c ,?is has be5 done1 "t & aga91 by ! legislature ( e /ate 9 ! ,union1 & ! ov]turn+ ( su* legislation occupies "p ( ! "t ( all ! /ate c\rts ( f9al judicature ye> aft] ye>4 #d ,t ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 #e ,vide ! *apt] on ,civilization4 #f ,said ! ,*icago ,tribune1 ! be/ all-r\nd newspap] 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 a lead+ article1 ,june #aj1 #aijg3 ,j]emy ,b5?am speaks ( 'an incoh]5t & undige/$ mass ( law1 %ot d[n1 z f a rubbi% c>t1 ^u ! heads ( ! p4' ,?is is a fairly accurate summ>y ( ! "w ( ! av]age ,am]ican legislature1 f ,new ,york to ,texas4444 ,bad1 crude & unnecess>y laws make up a l>ge "p ( ! output ( e session4444 ,r\ghly speak+1 ! gov]nor :o vetoes ! mo/ bills is ! be/ gov]nor4 ,:5 a gov]nor vetoes none ! legitimate presumption is1 n t ! "w ( ! legislature 0 flawless1 b t he 0 timid1 n d>+ to oppose ignorant popul> s5tim5t 444 or t he _h n s5se en\gh to recognize a bad measure :5 he saw x4 #g ,morg5rte1 #e4 #h ,! ^w 'hone/y' is n to be f\nd 9 ! code ( ei!r ! ,socratic or ! ,*ri/ian virtues4 ,x repres5ts a new virtue1 n q rip5$1 frequ5tly misund]/ood & h>dly consci\s ( itself4 ,x is yet some?+ 9 embryo1 :i* we are at lib]ty ei!r to fo/] or to *eck4--,morg5rte1 #def4 #i ,an excell5t discussion ( ?is subject1 by ,pr(4 ,w>n] ,fite1 ( ,indiana ,univ]sity1 appe>$ 9 ,! ,j\rnal ( ,philosophy1 ,psy*ology & ,sci5tific ,me?ods ( ,july #ah1 #aijg4 ,pr(4 ,fite's article is call$ ,! ,exagg]ation ( ! ,social1 & is a ke5 & s\nd criticism ( ! n[ popul> t5d5cy to reg>d ! individual z ! product ( society4 ,z he po9ts out1 any consci\sness ( belong+ to "o gr\p r ?an ano!r mu/ involve "s s5se ( individuality4 ,9 o!r words1 greg>i\sness is no?+ m ?an an in/9ctive ye>n+ to pr(it p]sonally by ! possibility ( putt+ o!rs1 to "s measurable ext5t1 9 ! attitude ( slaves4 #aj ,morg5rte1 #ahi4 #aa ,die frhli*e ,wiss5s*aft1 #cgg4 #ab ,die frhli*e ,wiss5s*aft1 #cdc4 ,,xi ,,crime ,,& ,,puni%m5t ,nietzs*e says t ! ?+ :i* be/ diff]5tiates man f ! o!r animals is 8 capacity = mak+ & keep+ a promise4 ,t is to say1 man has a tra9$ & effici5t memory & x enables him to project an impression ( today into ! future4 ,( ! millions ( impressions :i* imp+e ^u 8 consci\sness e day1 he is able to save a *os5 numb] f ! oblivion ( =getfulness4 ,an animal lacks ?is capacity almo/ entirely4 ,! ?+s t x rememb]s are f> f num]\s & x is devoid ( any means ( re9=c+ its memory4 ,b man has su* a means & x is commonly call$ consci5ce4 ,at bottom x is bas$ ^u ! pr9ciple t pa9 is always m endur+ ?an pleasure4 ,!re=e1 9 ord] to make an idea /ay x mu/ be burn$ into ! memory2 only t :i* nev] ceases to hurt rema9s fix$4#a ,h5ce all ! _w's /ore ( tortures & sacrifices4 ,at "o "t !y 7 no?+ m ?an devices to make man rememb] 8 pl$ges to 8 gods4 ,today !y survive 9 ! =m ( legal puni%m5ts1 :i* are no?+ m1 at bottom1 ?an devices to make a man rememb] 8 pl$ges to 8 fell[ m54 ,f all ?is ,nietzs*e argues t our mod]n law is ! outgr[? ( ! primitive idea ( b>t]--( ! idea t ev]y?+ has an equival5t & c be paid =--t :5 a man =gets or fails to dis*>ge an obligation 9 "o way he may wipe out 8 s9 by dis*>g+ x 9 "s o!r way4 ,! e>lie/ relation%ip t ev] exi/$1 he says1 0 ! relation%ip betwe5 buy] & sell]1 cr$itor & debtor4 ,on ?is gr\nd man fir/ /ood face to face ) man4 ,no /age ( civilization1 h[ev] inf]ior1 is )\t ! in/itution ( b>t]+4 ,to fix prices1 to adju/ values1 to inv5t equival5ts1 to ex*ange ?+s--all ?is has to su* an ext5t preoccupi$ ! fir/ & e>lie/ ?\ght ( man1 t x may be said to con/itute ?9k+ itself4 ,out ( x sagacity arose1 & out ( x1 aga91 arose man's fir/ pride--8 fir/ feel+ ( sup]iority ov] ! animal _w4 ,p]haps1 our v ^w man 7manus7 expresses some?+ ( ?is4#b ,man calls himself ! be+ :o weighs & measures4#c ,n[ besides ! contract betwe5 man & man1 !re is also a contract betwe5 man & ! community4 ,! community agrees to give ! individual protection & ! individual promises to pay = x 9 labor & ob$i5ce4 ,:5ev] he fails to d s1 he violates 8 promise1 & ! community reg>ds ! contract z brok54 ,!n ! ang] ( ! outrag$ cr$itor--or community--)draws its protection f ! debtor--or law-break]--& he is laid op5 to all ! dang]s & disadvantages ( life 9 a /ate ( b>b>ism4 ,puni%m5t1 at ?is /age ( civilization1 is simply ! image ( a man's normal conduct t[>d a hat$1 dis>m$ & ca/-d[n enemy1 :o has =feit$ n only all claims to protection1 b also all claims to m]cy4 ,?is acc\nts = ! fact t w> 7includ+ ! sacrificial cult ( w>7 has furni%$ all ! =ms 9 :i* puni%m5t appe>s 9 hi/ory4#d ,x w be obs]v$ t ?is !ory gr\nds all ideas ( ju/ice & puni%m5t ^u ideas ( exp$i5ce4 ,! primeval cr$itor =c$ 8 debtor to pay because he knew t if ! latt] didn't pay he 7! cr$itor7 w\ld suff]4 ,9 itself1 ! debtor's ef=t to get some?+ = no?+ 0 n wrong1 because1 z we h se5 9 previ\s *apt]s1 ?is is ! ceaseless & unconsci\s endeavor ( e liv+ be+1 & is1 9 fact1 ! mo/ famili> ( all manife/ations ( ! prim>y w to live1 or m und]/&ably1 ( ! w to acquire p[] ov] environm5t4 ,b :5 ! ma*9]y ( ju/ice 0 plac$ 9 ! h&s ( ! /ate1 !re came a transvaluation ( values4 ,?+s t 7 manife/ly co/ly to ! /ate 7 call$ wrong1 & ! old individuali/ic /&>ds ( good & bad--i4e4 b5eficial & h>mful--became ! /&>ds ( good & evil--i4e4 "r & wrong4 ,9 ?is way1 says ,nietzs*e1 ! orig9al purpose ( puni%m5t has become obscur$ & =gott54 ,/>t+ out z a m]e means ( adju/+ debts1 x has become a ma*9e = en=c+ moral concepts4 ,moral ideas came into ! _w comp>atively late1 & x 0 n until man _h begun to be a speculative be+ t he inv5t$ gods1 comm&m5ts & beatitudes4 ,b ! in/itution ( puni%m5t 0 9 exi/5ce f a mu* e>li] day4 ,!re=e1 x is app>5t t ! moral idea1--! notion t !re is su* a ?+ z good & su* a ?+ z evil1--f> f be+ ! inspiration ( puni%m5t1 0 engraft$ ^u x at a comp>atively late p]iod4 ,nietzs*e says t man1 9 consid]+ ?+s z !y are today1 is v apt to make ?is mi/ake ab\t _! orig9s4 ,he is apt to conclude1 because ! human eye is us$ = see+1 t x 0 creat$ = t purpose1 :]eas x is obvi\s t x may h be5 creat$ = "s o!r purpose & t ! function ( see+ may h aris5 lat] on4 ,9 ! same way1 man believes t puni%m5t 0 inv5t$ = ! purpose ( en=c+ moral ideas1 :]eas1 z a matt] ( fact1 x 0 orig9ally an in/rum5t ( exp$i5cy only1 & did n become a moral ma*9e until a code ( moral laws 0 evolv$4#e ,to %[ t ! in/itution ( puni%m5t itself is old] ?an ! ideas :i* n[ seem to lie at ! base ( x1 ,nietzs*e cites ! fact t ^! ideas !mselves are con/antly v>y+4 ,t is to say1 ! aim & purpose ( puni%m5t are conceiv$ diff]5tly by diff]5t races & individuals4 ,"o au?ority calls x a means ( r5d]+ ! crim9al helpless & h>mless & s prev5t+ fur!r mis*ief 9 future4 ,ano!r says t x is a means ( inspir+ o!rs ) fe> ( ! law & its ag5ts4 ,ano!r says t x is a device = de/roy+ ! unfit4 ,ano!r holds x to be a fee exact$ by society f ! evil-do] = protect+ him aga9/ ! excesses ( private rev5ge4 ,/ill ano!r looks ^u x z society's decl>ation ( w> aga9/ its enemies4 ,yet ano!r says t x is a s*eme = mak+ ! crim9al realize 8 guilt & rep5t4 ,nietzs*e %[s t all ( ^! ideas1 :ile true1 p]haps1 9 "s "p1 are fallacies at bottom4 ,x is ridicul\s1 = in/ance1 to believe t puni%m5t makes ! law-break] acquire a feel+ ( guilt & s9fulness4 ,he sees t he 0 indiscreet 9 committ+ 8 crime1 b he sees1 too1 t society's me?od ( puni%+ 8 indiscretion consi/s 9 committ+ a crime ( ! same sort aga9/ him4 ,9 o!r words1 he _c hold 8 own crime a s9 )\t also hold+ 8 puni%m5t a s9--:i* leads to an obvi\s absurdity4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 says ,nietzs*e1 puni%m5t really does no?+ m ?an augm5t fe>1 int5sify prud5ce & subjugate ! passions4 ,& 9 s do+ x tames man1 b does n make him bett]4 ,if he refra9s f crime 9 future1 x is because he has become m prud5t & n because he has become m moral4 ,if he regrets 8 crimes ( ! pa/1 x is because 8 puni%m5t1 & n 8 s-call$ consci5ce1 hurts him4 ,b :at1 !n1 is consci5ce8 ,t !re is su* a ?+ e reasonable man kn[s4 ,b :at is its nature & :at is its orig98 ,if x is n ! regret :i* foll[s puni%m5t1 :at is x8 ,nietzs*e answ]s t x is no?+ m ?an ! old w to p[]1 turn$ inw>d4 ,9 ! days ( ! cave m51 a man gave 8 w to p[] free ex]cise4 ,any act :i* increas$ 8 p[] ov] 8 environm5t1 no matt] h[ mu* x damag$ o!r m51 seem$ to him good4 ,he knew no?+ ( morality4 ,?+s appe>$ to him1 n z good or evil1 b z good or bad--b5eficial or h>mful4 ,b :5 civilization 0 born1 !re arose a necessity = controll+ & regulat+ ?is w p[]4 ,! individual _h to submit to ! desire ( ! majority & to con=m to nasc5t codes ( morality4 ,! result 0 t 8 w to p[]1 :i* once sp5t itself 9 battles ) o!r individuals1 _h to be turn$ ^u himself4 ,in/ead ( tortur+ o!rs1 he began to torture 8 own body & m9d4 ,8 anci5t delight 9 cruelty & p]secution 7a *>act]i/ic ( all heal?y animals7 rema9$1 b he c\ld n long] satisfy x ^u 8 fell[ m5 & s he turn$ x ^u himself1 & /raightway became a prey to ! feel+ ( guilt1 ( s9fulness1 ( wrong-do+--) all its att5dant horrors4 ,n[1 "o ( ! fir/ =ms t ?is self-torture took 0 primitive man's accusation aga9/ himself t he 0 n prop]ly grateful = ! favors ( 8 god4 ,he saw t _m natural ph5om5a b5efit$ him1 & he ?\ght t ^! ph5om5a occurr$ 9 direct ob$i5ce to ! deity's comm&4 ,!re=e1 he reg>d$ himself z ! debtor ( ! deity1 & con/antly accus$ himself ( neglect+ to dis*>ge ?is debt1 because he felt t1 by s accus+1 he w\ld be mo/ apt to dis*>ge x 9 full1 & ?us escape ! righte\s consequ5ces ( insuffici5t paym5t4 ,?is l$ him to make sacrifices--to place food & dr9k ^u 8 god's alt>1 & 9 ! end1 to sacrifice mu* m valuable ?+s1 su*1 = in/ance1 z 8 fir/ born *ild4 ,! m vivid ! idea ( ! deity became & ! m t]rible he appe>$1 ! m man tri$ to satisfy & appease him4 ,9 ! e>ly days1 x 0 suffici5t to sacrifice a squ>e meal or a baby4 ,b :5 ,*ri/ianity--) its elaborate & c]ta9 !ology--arose1 x became necess>y = a man to sacrifice himself4 ,?us arose ! ,*ri/ian idea ( s94 ,man began to feel t he 0 9 debt to 8 creator hopelessly & irretrievably1 & t1 l a true bankrupt1 he %\ld (f] all he _h 9 p>tial paym5t4 ,s he r5\nc$ ev]y?+ t made life on e>? be>able & desirable & built up an ideal ( pov]ty & suff]+4 ,sometimes he hid himself 9 a cave & liv$ l an outca/ dog--& !n he 0 call$ a sa9t4 ,sometimes he tortur$ himself ) :ips & p\r$ v9eg> into 8 w\nds--& !n he 0 a flagellant ( ! middle ages4 ,sometimes1 he kill$ 8 sexual in/9ct & 8 inborn desire = prop]ty & p[]--& !n he became a p5niless celibate 9 a cloi/]4 ,nietzs*e %[s t ?is idea ( s91 :i* lies at ! bottom ( all religions1 0 & is an absurdity2 t no?+1 9 itself1 is s9ful1 & t no man is1 or c be a s9n]4 ,if we c\ld rid ourselves ( ! notion t !re is a ,god 9 ,heav51 to :om we owe a debt1 we w\ld rid ourselves ( ! idea ( s94 ,!re=e1 argues ,nietzs*e1 x is evid5t t skepticism1 :ile x makes no actual *ange 9 man1 always makes him feel bett]4 ,x makes him lose 8 fe> ( hell & 8 consci\sness ( s94 ,x rids him ( t mo/ horrible in/rum5t ( useless1 s5seless & co/ly torture--8 consci5ce4 ,a!ism1 says ,nietzs*e1 w make a man innoc5t4 #a ,zur ,g5ealogie d] ,moral1 ,,ii1 #c4 #b ,9 ! anci5t ,sanskrit ! ^w f :i* man comes meant to ?9k1 to weigh1 to value1 to reckon1 to e/imate4 #c ,zur ,g5ealogie d] ,moral1 ,,ii1 #h4 #d ,zur ,g5ealogie d] ,moral1 ,,ii1 #i4 #e ,a famili> example ( ?is sup]imposition ( morality is af=d$ by ! hi/ory ( co/ume4 ,x is commonly assum$ t g>m5ts 7 orig9ally design$ to hide nak$ness z mu* z to af=d w>m? & adorn ! p]son1 :]eas1 z a matt] ( fact1 ! idea ( mode/y probably did n appe> until man _h be5 clo!d = ages4 ,,xii ,,education ,education1 z ev]yone kn[s1 has two ma9 objects3 to imp>t k & to implant culture4 ,x is ! object ( a tea*]1 fir/ ( all1 to br+ be=e 8 pupil z _m concrete facts ab\t ! univ]se--! fruit ( long ages ( inquiry & exp]i5ce--z ! latt] may be capable ( absorb+ 9 ! "t available4 ,aft] t1 x is ! tea*]'s aim to make 8 pupil's habits ( m9d sane1 heal?y & manly1 & 8 :ole outlook ^u life t ( a be+ consci\s ( 8 effici5cy & eag] & able to solve new problems z !y arise4 ,! educat$ man1 9 a ^w1 is "o :o kn[s a great deal m ?an ! av]age man & is con/antly increas+ 8 area ( k1 9 a s5sible1 ord]ly logical fa%ion2 "o :o is w>y ( sophi/ry & leans automatically & almo/ in/9ctively t[>d cle> ?9k+4 ,su* is ! purpose ( education1 9 its ideal aspect4 ,z we obs]ve ! sci5ce ( tea*+ 9 actual practice1 we f9d t x (t5 fails utt]ly to atta9 ?is end4 ,! concrete facts t a /ud5t le>ns at ! av]age s*ool are few & unconnect$1 & in/ead ( be+ l$ into habits ( indep5d5t ?9k+ he is tra9$ to accept au?ority4 ,:5 he takes 8 degree x is usually no m ?an a sign t he has jo9$ ! h]d4 ,8 op9ion ( ,napoleon is m]ely a reflection ( ! op9ion express$ 9 ! books he has /udi$2 8 philosophy ( life is simply ! philosophy ( 8 tea*]--t9ctur$ a bit1 p]haps1 by t ( 8 p>ticul> y\?ful idols4 ,he kn[s h[ to spell a great _m long words & he is famili> ) ! table ( log>i?ms1 b 9 ! read9ess & accuracy ( 8 m5tal processes he has made comp>atively little progress4 ,if he 0 illogical & cr$ul\s & a respect] ( au?ority z a fre%man he rema9s mu* ! same z a graduate4 ,9 consequ5ce1 8 usefulness to humanity has be5 increas$ b little1 if at all1 =1 z we h se5 9 previ\s *apt]s1 ! only man ^: life is appreciably m valuable ?an t ( a good c[ is ! man :o ?9ks = himself1 cle>ly & logically1 & l5ds "s sort ( h&1 dur+ 8 life-"t1 9 ! et]nal se>* = ! ultimate v]ities4 ,! cause = all ?is lies1 no d\bt1 9 ! fact t s*ool tea*]s1 tak+ !m by & l>ge1 are probably ! mo/ ignorant & /upid class ( m5 9 ! :ole gr\p ( m5tal work]s4 ,imitativ5ess be+ ! dom9ant impulse 9 y\?1 _! pupils acquire "s measure ( _! /upidity1 & ! result is t ! influ5ce ( ! :ole tea*+ tribe is aga9/ ev]y?+ includ$ 9 g5u9e education & culture4 ,t ?is is true is evid5t on ! surface & a mom5t's analysis furni%es a multitude ( additional pro(s4 ,= "o ?+1 a tea*]1 be=e he may beg9 "w1 mu/ sacrifice :atev] indep5d5ce may survive )9 him ^u ! alt> ( au?ority4 ,he becomes a cog 9 ! s*ool :eel & mu/ tea* only ! ?+s c\nt5anc$ & approv$ by ! p[]s above him1 :e!r ^? p[]s be visible 9 ! m9i/] ( education1 z 9 ,g]many2 9 ! traditions ( ! s*ool1 z 9 ,engl&1 or 9 ! private convictions ( ! millionaire :o provides ! ca%1 z 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,z ,nietzs*e po9ts out1 ! s*oolman's ?ir/ = ! tru? is always condition$ by 8 ye>n+ = food & dr9k & a com=table b$4 ,8 ar*etype is ! univ]sity philosoph]1 :o accepts ! /ate's pay#a & s surr5d]s t lib]ty to inquire freely :i* alone makes philosophy wor? :ile4 ,no /ate1 says ,nietzs*e1 w\ld ev] d>e to patronize su* m5 z ,plato & ,s*op5hau]4 ,& :y8 ,simply because ! /ate is always afraid ( !m4 ,!y tell ! tru?4444 ,consequ5tly1 ! man :o submits to be a philosoph] 9 ! pay ( ! /ate mu/ also submit to be+ look$ ^u by ! /ate z "o :o has waiv$ 8 claim to pursue ! tru? into all its fa/nesses4 ,s long z he holds 8 place1 he mu/ ackn[l$ge some?+ /ill high] ?an ! tru?--& t is ! /ate4444 ,! sole criticism ( a philosophy :i* is possible & ! only "o :i* proves any?+--namely1 an attempt to live accord+ to x--is nev] put =w>d 9 ! univ]sities4 ,!re ! only ?+ "o he>s ( is a wordy criticism ( words4 ,& s ! y\?ful m9d1 )\t mu* exp]i5ce 9 life1 is confront$ by fifty v]bal sy/ems & fifty criticisms ( !m1 ?r[n toge!r & hopelessly jumbl$4 ,:at demoralization6 ,:at a mock]y ( education6 ,x is op5ly ackn[l$g$1 9 fact1 t ! object ( education is n ! acquirem5t ( le>n+1 b ! successful meet+ ( exam9ations4 ,no wond] !n1 t ! exam9$ /ud5t says to himself ',?ank ,god1 ,i am n a philosoph]1 b a ,*ri/ian & a citiz56444' ,!re=e1 ,i reg>d x z necess>y to progress t we )draw f philosophy all gov]nm5tal & academic recognition & support4444 ,let philosoph]s spr+ up naturally1 d5y !m e prospect ( appo9tm5t1 tickle !m no long] ) sal>ies--yea1 p]secute !m6 ,!n y w see m>vels6 ,!y w !n flee af> & seek a ro( any:]e4 ,"h a p>sonage w op5 its doors2 !re a s*oolh\se4 ,"o w appe> ^u ! /aff ( a newspap]1 ano!r w write manuals = "y ladies' s*ools4 ,! mo/ rational ( !m w put 8 h& to ! pl\gh & ! va9e/ w seek favor at c\rt4 ,?us we %all get rid ( bad philosoph]s4#b ,! argum5t "h is pla9 en\gh4 ,! pr(essional tea*] mu/ keep to 8 rut4 ,! mom5t he combats ! exi/+ ord] ( ?+s he loses 8 place4 ,!re=e he is w>y1 & 8 *ief ef=t is to transmit ! words ( au?ority to 8 pupils un*ang$4 ,:e!r he be a philosoph]1 prop]ly s-call$1 or some?+ else matt]s n4 ,9 a m$ical s*ool :]e9 ,*auveau's !ory ( immunity 0 /ill ma9ta9$ x w\ld be haz>d\s = a pr(essor ( pa?ology to tea* ! !ory ( ,ehrli*4 ,9 a ,me?odi/ college 9 ,indiana x w\ld be foolh>dy to dally ) ! doctr9e ( apo/olic succession4 ,ev]y:]e ! tea*] mu/ fa%ion 8 tea*+s accord+ to ! cre$ & regulations ( 8 s*ool & he mu/ ev5 submit to au?ority 9 su* matt]s z text books & p$agogic me?ods4 ,aga91 8 v "w itself makes him an unconsci\s p>tisan ( au?ority1 z aga9/ free inquiry4 ,dur+ ! majority ( 8 wak+ h\rs he is 9 close association ) 8 pupils1 :o are admitt$ly 8 inf]iors1 & s he rapidly acquires ! famili>1 self-satisfi$ pr(essorial attitude ( m9d4 ,o!r =ces t5d to pu% him 9 ! same direction & ! net result is t all 8 m5tal processes are bas$ ^u ideas ( au?ority4 ,he believes & tea*es a ?+1 n because he is conv9c$ by free reason+ t x is true1 b because x is laid d[n z an axiom 9 "s book or 0 laid d[n at "s pa/ "t1 by himself4 ,9 all ?is1 ( c\rse1 ,i am speak+ ( ! tea*] prop]ly s-call$--( ! tea*]1 t is1 ^: sole aim & function is tea*+4 ,! univ]sity pr(essor ^: ma9 purpose 9 life is orig9al rese>* & ^: pupils are conf9$ to graduate /ud5ts engag$ 9 mu* ! same "w1 is sc>cely a pr(essional tea*]1 9 ! cu/om>y mean+ ( ! ^w4 ,! man ,i h be5 discuss+ is he :o sp5ds all or ! great] "p ( 8 "t 9 actual in/ruction4 ,:e!r 8 "w be done 9 a prim>y s*ool1 a second>y s*ool or 9 ! und]graduate dep>tm5t ( a college or univ]sity does n matt] ,9 all t relates to x1 he is ess5tially & almo/ inv>iably a m]e p]petuator ( doctr9es4 ,9 "s cases1 naturally en\gh1 ^! doctr9es are tru?s1 b 9 a great _m o!r cases !y are errors4 ,an exam9ation ( ! physiology1 hi/ory & ,engli% books us$ 9 ! public s*ools ( ,am]ica w conv9ce anyone t ! latt] proposition is amply true4 ,nietzs*e's famili>ity ) ^! facts is demon/rat$ by num]\s passages 9 8 writ+s4 ,nev]1 he says1 is ei!r real pr(ici5cy or g5u9e ability ! result ( toilsome ye>s at s*ool4 ,! /udy ( ! classics1 he says1 c nev] lead to m ?an a sup]ficial acqua9tance ) !m1 because ! v modes ( ?\ght ( ! anci5ts1 9 _m cases1 are un9telligible to m5 ( today4 ,b ! /ud5t :o has acquir$ :at is look$ ^u 9 our colleges z a ma/]y ( ! humanities is acutely consci\s ( 8 k1 & s ! ?+s t he _c und]/& are ascrib$ by him to ! dulness1 ignorance or imbecility ( ! anci5t au?ors4 ,z a result he h>bors a sort ( sub-consci\s contempt = ! le>n+ !y repres5t & concludes t le>n+ _c make real m5 happy1 b is only fit = ! futile en?usiasm ( hone/1 poor & fooli% old book-worms4 ,nietzs*e's own notion ( an ideal curriculum is sub/antially t ( ,sp5c]4 ,he holds t be=e any?+ is put =w>d z a ?+ wor? tea*+ x %\ld be te/$ by two que/ions3 ,is x a fact8 &1 ,is ! pres5tation ( x likely to make ! pupil measurably m capable ( discov]+ o!r facts8 ,9 consequ5ces1 he holds ! old s-call$ lib]al education 9 abom9ation1 & argues 9 favor ( a sy/em ( in/ruction bas$ ^u ! inculcation ( facts ( imm95t value & design$ to in/ill into ! pupil ord]ly & logical habits ( m9d & a cle> & accurate view ( ! univ]se4 ,! educat$ man1 z he und]/&s ! t]m1 is "o :o is above ! mass1 bo? 9 8 ?ir/ = k & 9 8 capacity = diff]5tiat+ betwe5 tru? & its rev]se4 ,x is obvi\s t a man :o has /udi$ biology & physics1 ) _! insi/5t dwell+ ^u demon/rable facts1 has proce$$ fur!r 9 ?is direction ?an ! man :o has /udi$ ,greek my?ology & metaphysics1 ) _! con/ant tr5d t[>d unsupport$ & gratuit\s assumption & _! ess5tial f\ndation ^u undebatable au?ority4 ,nietzs*e po9ts out1 9 8 e>ly essay ^u ! /udy ( hi/ory1 t humanity is mu* too prone to consid] itself hi/orically4 ,t is to say1 !re is too mu* t5d5cy to consid] man z he has seem$ r ?an man z he has be5--to dwell ^u cre$s & manife/oes r ?an ^u individual & racial motives1 *>act]s & in/9cts4#c ,! result is t hi/ory piles up mislead+ & useless records & draws errone\s conclusions f !m4 ,z a sci5ce 9 itself1 x be>s b ?ree useful aspects--! monum5tal1 ! antiqu>ian & ! critical4 ,its true monum5ts are n ! con/itutions & cre$s ( ! pa/--= ^!1 z we h se51 are always artificial & unnatural--b ! great m5 ( ! pa/--^? fe>less free spirits :o a*iev$ immortality by _! c\rage & success 9 pitt+ _! own in/9cts aga9/ ! morality ( ! majority4 ,su* m51 he says1 are ! only human be+s ^: exi/5ce is ( int]e/ to po/]ity4 ,!y live toge!r z timeless contempor>ies3 !y are ! l&m>ks along ! we>y road ! human race has trav]s$4 ,9 its antiqu>ian aspect1 hi/ory af=ds u pro( t ! _w is progress+1 & s gives ! m5 ( ! pres5t a def9ite purpose & ju/ifiable en?usiasm4 ,9 its critical aspect1 hi/ory enables u to avoid ! delusions ( ! pa/1 & indicates to u ! broad l9es ( evolution4 ,unless we h 9 m9d "s def9ite program ( advancem5t1 he says1 all le>n+ is useless4 ,hi/ory1 :i* m]ely accumulates records1 )\t an ideal ( humani/ic culture always 9 m9d1 is m]e p$antry & s*ola/icism4 ,all education1 says ,nietzs*e1 may be reg>d$ z a cont9uation ( ! process ( bre$+4#d ,! two h ! same object3 t ( produc+ be+s capable ( surviv+ 9 ! /ruggle = exi/5ce4 ,a great _m critics ( ,nietzs*e h insi/$ t s9ce ! /ruggle = exi/5ce means a purely physical conte/1 he is 9 error1 = education does n visibly increase a man's *e/ expansion or 8 capacity = lift+ heavy weights4 ,b x is obvi\s none ! less t a man :o sees ?+s z !y are1 & prop]ly e/imates ! _w ab\t him1 is f> bett] fitt$ to a*ieve "s measure ( ma/]y ov] 8 environm5t ?an ! man :o is a slave to delusions4 ,( two m51 "o ( :om believes t ! moon is made ( gre5 *eese & t x is possible to cure smallpox by m]ely d5y+ t x exi/s1 & ! o!r ( :om h>bors no su* sup]/itions1 x is pla9 t ! latt] is m apt to live long & acquire p[]4 ,a fur!r purpose ( education is t ( af=d+ individuals a means ( lift+ !mselves out ( ! slave class & into ! ma/] class4 ,t ?is purpose is accompli%$--except accid5tly--by ! br& ( education ladl$ out 9 ! colleges ( today is f> f true4 ,to trans=m a slave into a ma/] we mu/ make him intellig5t1 self-reliant1 res\rceful1 indep5d5t & c\rage\s4 ,x is evid5t en\gh1 ,i take x1 t a college direct$ by an ecclesia/ic & mann$ by a faculty ( asses--a v fair1 & ev5 *>itable1 picture ( ! av]age small college 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates--is n apt to accompli% ?is trans=mation v (t54 ,inde$1 x is a commonplace obs]vation t a truly intellig5t y\? is aid$ b little by ! av]age college education1 & t a truly /upid "o is made1 n less1 b m /upid4 ,! fact t _m graduates ( su* in/itutions exhibit dionysian qualities 9 lat] life m]ely proves t !y are /rong en\gh to wea!r ! blight !y h suff]$4 ,e sane man kn[s t1 aft] a y\? leaves college1 he mu/ devote mo/ ( 8 en]gies dur+ ?ree or f\r ye>s1 to ridd+ himself ( ! fallacies1 delusions & imbecilities inflict$ ^u him by messieurs1 8 pr(essors4 ,! intellig5t man1 9 ! c\rse ( 8 life1 ne>ly always acquires a va/ /ore ( le>n+1 because 8 m9d is con/antly active & receptive1 b intellig5ce & m]e le>n+ are by no means synonym\s1 despite ! popul> notion t !y are4 ,disreg>d+ ! elem5t ( %e] good luck--:i* is necess>ily a small factor--x is evid5t t ! man :o1 9 ! /ruggle = weal? & p[]1 seizes a million doll>s = himself1 is appreciably m intellig5t ?an ! man :o />ves4 ,t ?is a*ievem5t1 :i* is admitt$ly difficult1 requires m intellig5ce aga91 ?an ! a*ievem5t ( ma/]+ ! ,lat9 language1 :i* pres5ts s few difficulties t x is possible to any heal?y human be+ ) suffici5t leisure & pati5ce1 is also evid5t4 ,9 a ^w1 ! illit]ate contractor1 :o says1 ,i se5 & ,i done & yet manages to build great bridges & to acquire a great =tune1 is immeasurably m vigor\s intellectually1 & immeasurably m effici5t & respectable1 z a man1 ?an ! college pr(essor :o laughs at him & presumes to look d[n ^u him4 ,a man's m5tal p[]s are to be judg$1 n by 8 ability to accompli% ?+s t are possible to e man fooli% en\gh to attempt !m1 b by 8 capacity = do+ ?+s beyond ! p[] ( o!r m54 ,education1 z we commonly obs]ve x today1 works t[>d ! =m]1 r ?an t[>d ! latt] end4 #a ,nietzs*e is consid]+1 ( c\rse1 ! condition ( affairs 9 ,g]many1 :]e all tea*+ is controll$ by ! /ate4 ,b 8 argum5ts apply to o!r c\ntries z well & to tea*]s ( o!r ?+s besides philosophy4 #b ,s*op5hau] als ,erzieh]1 #h4 #c ,an excell5t discussion ( ?is error w be f\nd 9 ,dr4 ,alex4 ,tille's introduction to ,william ,haussmann's translation ( ,zur ,g5ealogie d] ,moral1 pp4 xi et seq42 ,london1 #aijg4 #d ,morg5rte1 #cig4 ,,xiii ,,sundry ,,ideas ,dea?4--,x is ,s*op5hau]'s argum5t 9 8 essay ,on ,suicide1 t ! possibility ( easy & pa9less self-de/ruction is ! only ?+ t con/antly & consid]ably ameliorates ! horror ( human life4 ,suicide is a means ( escape f ! _w & its tortures--& !re=e x is good4 ,x is an ev]-pres5t refuge = ! weak1 ! we>y & ! hopeless4 ,x is1 9 ,pl9y's phrase1 ! greate/ ( all bless+s :i* ,nature gives to man1 & "o :i* ev5 ,god himself lacks1 = he c\ld n compass 8 own dea?1 if he will$ to die4 ,9 all ( ?is exaltation ( surr5d]1 ( c\rse1 !re is no?+ :atev] 9 common ) ! dionysian philosophy ( defiance4 ,nietzs*e's tea*+ is all 9 ! o!r direction4 ,he urges1 n surr5d]1 b battle2 n flight1 b w> to ! end4 ,8 curse falls ^u ^? prea*]s ( dea? :o c\nsel an ab&onm5t ( life--:e!r ?is ab&onm5t be p>tial1 z 9 asceticism1 or actual1 z 9 suicide4 ,& yet ,z>a?u/ra s+s ! song ( free dea? & says t ! high] man mu/ le>n to die at ! "r "t4 ,h]e9 an inconsi/5cy appe>s1 b x is on ! surface only4 ,s*op5hau] reg>ds suicide z a means ( escape1 ,nietzs*e sees 9 x a means ( good riddance4 ,x is "t to die1 says ,z>a?u/ra1 :5 ! purpose ( life ceases to be atta9able--:5 ! fight] breaks 8 sword arm or falls into 8 enemy's h&s4 ,& x is "t to die1 too1 :5 ! purpose ( life is atta9$--:5 ! fight] triumphs & sees be=e him no m worlds to conqu]4 ,he :o ha? a goal & an heir wi%e? dea? to come at ! "r "t = goal & heir4 ,"o :o has wax$ too old = victories1 "o :o is yell[ & wr9kl$1 "o ) a too?less m\?--= su* an "o a c]ta9 & spe$y dea?4 ,! e>? has no room = cumb]]s & p5sion]s4 ,= !m ! highe/ ( duties is ! paym5t ( nature's debt1 t !re may be m room = ^? /ill able to wield a sword & be> a burd5 9 ! heat ( ! day4 ,! be/ dea? is t :i* comes 9 battle at ! mom5t ( victory2 ! second be/ is dea? 9 battle 9 ! h\r ( defeat4 ,w\ld t a /orm came1 s+s ,z>a?u/ra1 to %ake f ! tree ( life all ^? apples t are putrid & gnaw$ by worms4 ,x is c[>dice t make? !m /ick to _! bran*es--c[>dice :i* makes !m afraid to die4 ,b !re is ano!r c[>dice :i* makes m5 afraid to live1 & ?is is ! c[>dice ( ! ,s*op5hau]ean pessimi/4 ,nietzs*e has no pati5ce ) x4 ,to him a too e>ly dea? seems z abom9able z a dea? po/pon$ too long4 ,too e>ly di$ t ,jew :om ! prea*]s ( sl[ dea? rev]e4 ,w\ld t he _h rema9$ 9 ! des]t & f> away f ! good & j6 ,p]haps he w\ld h le>n$ h[ to live & h[ to love ! e>?--& ev5 h[ to laugh4 ,he di$ too e>ly4 ,he himself w\ld h revok$ 8 doctr9e1 _h he rea*$ m9e age6#a ,!re=e ,nietzs*e pleads = an intellig5t regulation ( dea?4 ,"o mu/ n die too soon & "o mu/ n die too late4 ,natural dea?1 he says1 is de/itute ( rationality4 ,x is really irrational dea?1 = ! pitiable sub/ance ( ! %ell det]m9es h[ long ! k]nel %all exi/4 ,! p9+1 sotti% prison-w>d] decides ! h\r at :i* 8 noble prison] is to die4444 ,! enlight5$ regulation & control ( dea? belongs to ! morality ( ! future4 ,at pres5t religion makes x seem immoral1 = religion presupposes t :5 ! "t = dea? comes1 ,god gives ! comm&4#b ,! ,attitude at ,dea?4--,nietzs*e rejects entirely t pi\s belief 9 signs & port5ts :i* sees a significance 9 dea?-b$ confessions & dy+ words4 ,! av]age man1 he says1 dies pretty mu* z he has liv$1 & 9 ?is ,dr4 ,osl]#c & o!r unusually compet5t & accurate obs]v]s agree ) him4 ,:5 ! dy+ man exhibits unusual emotions or expresses ideas out ( tune ) 8 kn[n cre$1 ! explanation is to be f\nd 9 ! fact t1 t[>d ! "t ( dea? ! m9d commonly gives way & ! cu/om>y processes ( ?\ght are disord]$4 ,! way 9 :i* a man ?9ks ( dea?1 9 ! full bloom ( 8 life & /r5g?1 is c]ta9ly a good index ( 8 g5]al "* & habits ( m9d1 b at ! h\r ( dea? itself 8 attitude is ( little importance or significance4 ,! exhau/ion ( ! la/ h\rs--especially :5 an old man is dy+--! irregul> or insuffici5t n\ri%m5t ( ! bra91 ! occasional spasms ( sev]e physical pa91 ! horror & novelty ( ! :ole situation1 ! atavi/ic return ( e>ly impressions & sup]/itions1 & ! feel+ t dea? is a ?+ unutt]ably va/ & important & t bridges ( an awful k9d are ab\t to be cross$--all ( ^! ?+s make x irrational to accept a man's attitude at dea? z an indication ( 8 "* dur+ life4 ,moreov]1 x is n true t a dy+ man is m hone/ ?an a man 9 full vigor4 ,on ! contr>y1 almo/ e dy+ man is l$1 by ! solemnity ( ^? at 8 b$side1 & by _! re/ra9$ or fl[+ torr5ts ( te>s1 to consci\s or unconsci\s conceit & make-believe4 ,he becomes1 9 brief1 an actor 9 a com$y4444 ,no d\bt ! s]i\sness ) :i* e dy+ man is treat$ has giv5 _m a poor devil 8 only mom5t ( real triumph & enjoym5t4 ,he is1 ipso facto1 ! /> ( ! play1 & s he is indemnifi$ = a life ( privation & subs]vi5ce4#d ,! ,orig9 ( ,philosophy4--,nietzs*e believ$ t introspection & self-analysis1 z !y 7 ord9>ily manife/$1 7 signs ( disease1 & t ! high] man & sup]man w\ld wa/e little "t ^u !m4 ,! fir/ ?9k]s1 he said1 7 necess>ily suff]]s1 = x 0 only suff]+ t made a man ?9k & only disability t gave him leisure to d s4 ,"u primitive conditions1 he said1 ! individual1 fully consci\s ( 8 p[]1 is ev] int5t ^u trans=m+ x into action4 ,sometimes ?is action takes ! =m ( hunt+1 robb]y1 ambuscade1 maltreatm5t or murd]1 & at o!r times x appe>s z ^? feebl] imitations ( ^! ?+s :i* alone are c\nt5anc$ by ! community4 ,b :5 ! individual's p[] decl9es--:5 he feels fatigu$1 ill1 melan*oly or satiat$1 & 9 consequ5ce1 tempor>ily lacks ! ye>n+ to function--he is a comp>atively bett] & less dang]\s man4 ,t is to say1 he cont5ts himself ) ?9k+ in/ead ( do+1 & s puts into ?\ght & words 8 impressions & feel+s reg>d+ 8 companions1 8 wife or 8 gods4 ,naturally en\gh1 s9ce 8 effici5cy is l[]$ & 8 mood is gloomy 8 judgm5ts are evil ones4 ,he f9ds fault & pond]s rev5ges4 ,he gloats ov] enemies or envies 8 fri5ds4 ,9 su* a /ate ( m9d he turns prophet & s adds to 8 /ore ( sup]/itions or devises new acts ( devotion or prophesies ! d[nfall ( 8 enemies4 ,:atev] he ?9ks1 8 ?\ghts reflect 8 /ate ( m9d3 8 fe> & we>9ess are m ?an normal2 8 t5d5cy to action & enjoym5t are less ?an normal4 ,h]e9 we see ! g5esis ( ! poetic1 ?\ghtful1 prie/ly mood4 ,evil ?\ghts mu/ rule supreme !re94444 ,9 lat] /ages ( culture1 !re arose a ca/e ( poets1 ?9k]s1 prie/s & m$ic9e m5 :o all act$ ! same z1 9 e>li] ye>s1 individuals us$ to act 9 _! comp>atively r>e h\rs ( illness & depression4 ,^! p]sons l$ sad1 inactive lives & judg$ malici\sly4444 ,! masses1 p]haps1 ye>n$ to turn !m out ( ! community1 because !y 7 p>asites1 b 9 ?is ent]prise !re 0 great risk1 because ^! m5 7 on t]ms ( famili>ity ) ! gods & s possess$ va/ & my/]i\s p[]4 ,?us ! mo/ anci5t philosoph]s 7 view$4 ,! masses he>k5$ unto !m 9 proportion to ! am\nt ( dread !y inspir$4 ,9 su* a way contemplation made its appe>ance 9 ! _w1 ) an evil he>t & a tr\bl$ head4 ,x 0 bo? weak & t]rible1 & bo? secretly abhorr$ & op5ly wor%ipp$4444 ,pud5da origo6#e ,prie/craft4--,s long z man feels capable ( tak+ c>e ( himself he has no ne$ ( prie/s to int]c$e = him ) ! deity4 ,effici5cy is prov]bially id5tifi$ ) impiety3 x is only :5 ! devil is sick t ! devil a monk w\ld be4 ,!re=e ! prie/ mu/ be reg>d$ z ! savi\r1 %eph]d & advocate ( ! sick4444 ,x is 8 provid5ce to rule ov] ! suff]]s4444 ,9 ord] t he may und]/& !m & appeal to !m he mu/ be sick himself1 & to atta9 ?is end !re is ! device ( asceticism4 ,! purpose ( asceticism1 z we h se51 is to make a man volunt>ily de/roy 8 own effici5cy4 ,b ! prie/ mu/ h a c]ta9 /r5g?1 nev]!less1 = he mu/ inspire bo? confid5ce & dread 9 8 *>ges1 & mu/ be able to def5d !m--aga9/ :om8 ,und\bt$ly aga9/ ! s\nd & /rong4444 ,he mu/ be ! natural adv]s>y & despis] ( all b>b>\s1 impetu\s1 unbridl$1 fi]ce1 viol5t1 bea/-(-prey heal?9ess & p[]4#f ,?us he mu/ fa%ion himself into a new sort ( fight]--a new zoological t]ror1 9 :i* ! pol> be>1 ! nimble & cool tig] & ! fox are bl5d$ into a unity z attractive z x is awe-inspir+4 ,he appe>s 9 ! mid/ ( ! /rong z ! h]ald & m\?piece ( my/]i\s p[]s1 ) ! det]m9ation to s[ ^u ! soil1 :5ev] & :]ev] possible1 ! se$s ( suff]+1 diss5sion & contradiction4444 ,und\bt$ly he br+s balms & balsams ) him1 b he mu/ fir/ inflict ! w\nd1 be=e he may act z physician4444 ,x is only ! unpleasantness ( disease t is combat$ by him--n ! cause1 n ! disease itself6 ,he disp5ses1 n specifics1 b n>cotics4 ,he br+s surcease f sorr[1 n by %[+ m5 h[ to atta9 ! happ9ess ( effici5cy1 b by tea*+ !m t _! suff]+s h be5 laid ^u !m by a god :o w "o day repay !m ) bliss illimitable4 ,god4--,a god :o is omnisci5t & omnipot5t & yet neglects to make 8 wi%es & int5tions c]ta9ly kn[n to 8 creatures--c]ta9ly ?is is n a god ( goodness4 ,"o :o = ?\s&s ( ye>s has all[$ ! c\ntless scruples & d\bts ( m5 to afflict !m & yet holds out t]rible consequ5ces = involunt>y errors--c]ta9ly ?is is n a god ( ju/ice4 ,is he n a cruel god if he kn[s ! tru? & yet looks d[n ^u millions mis]ably se>*+ = x8 ,p]haps he is good1 b is unable to communicate ) 8 creatures m intelligibly4 ,p]haps he is want+ 9 intellig5ce--or 9 eloqu5ce4 ,s mu* ! worse6 ,=1 9 t case1 he may be mi/ak5 9 :at he calls ! tru?4 ,he may1 inde$1 be a bro!r to ! 'poor1 dup$ devils' bel[ him4 ,if s1 mu/ he n suff] agonies on see+ 8 creatures1 9 _! /ruggle = k ( him1 submit to tortures = all et]nity8 ,mu/ x n /rike him ) grief to realize t he _c advise !m or help !m1 except by unc]ta9 & ambigu\s signs8444 ,all religions be> traces ( ! fact t !y arose dur+ ! intellectual immaturity ( ! human race--be=e x _h le>n$ ! obligation to speak ! tru?4 ,n "o ( !m makes x ! duty ( its god to be tru?ful & und]/&able 9 8 communications ) man4#g ,self-,control4--,self-control1 says ,nietzs*e1 consi/s m]ely 9 combat+ a giv5 desire ) a /rong] "o4 ,?us ! ye>n+ to commit a murd] may be combat$ & ov]come by ! ye>n+ to escape ! gall[s & to reta9 ! "n & dignity ( a law-abid+ citiz54 ,! second ye>n+ is z mu* unconsci\s & in/9ctive z ! fir/1 & 9 ! battle betwe5 !m ! intellect plays b a small "p4 ,9 g5]al !re are b six ways 9 :i* a giv5 crav+ may be ov]come4 ,fir/1 we may avoid opportunities = its gratification & s1 by a long disuse1 weak5 & de/roy x4 ,secondly1 we may regulate its gratification1 & by ?us encompass+ its flux & reflux )9 fix$ limits1 ga9 int]vals dur+ :i* x is fa9t4 ,?irdly1 we may int5tionally give ourselves ov] to x & s we> x out by excess--provid$ we d n act l ! rid] :o lets a runaway horse gallop itself to dea? &1 9 s do+1 breaks 8 own neck1--:i* unluckily is ! rule 9 ?is me?od4 ,f\r?ly1 by an intellectual trick1 we may associate gratification ) an unpleasant idea1 z we h associat$ sexual gratification1 = example1 ) ! idea ( indec5cy4 ,fif?ly1 we may f9d a sub/itute 9 "s o!r crav+ t is measurably less dang]\s1 ,six?ly1 we may f9d safety 9 a g5]al w> ^u all crav+s1 good & bad alike1 aft] ! mann] ( ! ascetic1 :o1 9 seek+ to de/roy 8 s5suality1 at ! same "t de/roys 8 physical /r5g?1 8 reason &1 n infrequ5tly1 8 life4 ,! ,beautiful4--,man's notion ( beauty is ! fruit ( 8 delight 9 8 own cont9u$ exi/5ce4 ,:atev] makes ?is exi/5ce easy1 or is associat$1 9 any mann]1 ) life or vigor1 seems to him to be beautiful4 ,man mirrors himself 9 ?+s4 ,he c\nts ev]y?+ beautiful :i* reflects 8 lik5ess4 ,! ^w 'beautiful' repres5ts ! conceit ( 8 species4444 ,no?+ is truly ugly except ! deg5]at+ man4 ,b o!r ?+s are call$ ugly1 too1 :5 !y happ5 to weak5 or tr\ble man4 ,!y rem9d him ( impot5ce1 det]ioration & dang]3 9 _! pres5ce he actually suff]s a loss ( p[]4 ,!re=e he calls !m ugly4 ,:5ev] man is at all depress$ he has an intuition ( ! proximity ( some?+ 'ugly4' ,8 s5se ( p[]1 8 w to p[]1 8 feel+ ( pride & effici5cy--all s9k ) ! ugly & rise ) ! beautiful4 ,! ugly is in/9ctively und]/ood to be a sign & symptom ( deg5]ation4 ,t :i* rem9ds "o1 9 ! remote/ degree1 ( deg5]acy seems ugly4 ,e indication ( exhau/ion1 heav9ess1 age1 or lassitude1 e con/ra9t--su* z cramp or p>alysis--& above all1 e odor1 color or c\nt]feit ( decomposition--?\gh x may be no m ?an a f>-fet*$ symbol--calls =? ! idea ( ugl9ess4 ,av]sion is !reby excit$--man's av]sion to ! decl9e ( 8 type4#h ,! phrase art = art's sake voices a prote/ aga9/ subord9at+ art to morality--t is1 aga9/ mak+ x a device = prea*+ s]mons--b z a matt] ( fact1 all art mu/ praise & glorify & s mu/ lay d[n values4 ,x is ! function ( ! arti/1 inde$1 to select1 to *oose1 to br+ into prom95ce4 ,! v fact t he is able to d ?is makes u call him an arti/4 ,& :5 d we approve 8 *oice8 ,only :5 x agrees ) our fundam5tal in/9ct--only :5 x exhibits ! desirabl5ess ( life4 ,!re=e art is ! great /imulus to life4 ,we _c conceive x z be+ purposeless or aimless4 ',art = art's sake' is a phrase )\t mean+4#i ,lib]ty4--,! wor? ( a ?+ (t5 lies1 n 9 :at "o atta9s by x1 b 9 ! difficulty "o exp]i5ces 9 gett+ x4 ,! /ruggle = political lib]ty1 = example1 has done m ?an any o!r "o ?+ to develop /r5g?1 c\rage & res\rcefulness 9 ! human race1 & yet lib]ty itself1 z we "k x today1 is no?+ m or less ?an organiz$ morality1 & z su*1 is necess>ily degrad+ & deg5]at+4 ,x und]m9es ! w to p[]1 x levels ! racial m\nta9s & valleys1 x makes man small1 c[>dly & voluptu\s4 ,"u political lib]ty ! h]d-animal always triumphs4 ,b ! v fight to atta9 ?is burd5some equality develops ! self-reliance & uncon=mity :i* /& oppos$ to x1 & ^! qualities (t5 p]si/4 ,w>f>e1 9 brief1 makes m5 fit = real1 z oppos$ to political fre$om4 ,& :at is fre$om8 ,! w to be responsible = "o's self4 ,! w to keep t di/ance :i* sep>ates man f man4 ,! w to become indiff]5t to h>d%ip1 sev]ity1 privation & ev5 to life4 ,! w to sacrifice m5 to "o's cause & to sacrifice "o's self1 too4444 ,! man :o is truly free tramples "u foot ! contemptible species ( well-be+ dreamt ( by %op-keep]s1 ,*ri/ians1 c[s1 wom51 ,engli%m5 & o!r democrats4 ,! free man is a w>rior4444 ,h[ is fre$om to be measur$8 ,by ! resi/ance x has to ov]come--by ! ef=t requir$ to ma9ta9 x4 ,we mu/ seek ! highe/ type ( freem5 :]e ! highe/ resi/ance mu/ be con/antly ov]come3 five paces f tyranny1 close to ! ?re%old ( ?raldom4444 ,^? peoples :o 7 wor? some?+1 :o became wor? some?+1 nev] acquir$ _! greatness "u political lib]ty4 ,great dang] made some?+ ( !m--dang] ( t sort :i* fir/ tea*es u to "k our res\rces1 our virtues1 our %ields & swords1 our g5ius--:i* compels u to be /rong4#aj ,sci5ce--,! object ( all sci5ce is to keep u f draw+ wrong inf]5ces--f jump+ to conclusions4 ,?us x /&s utt]ly oppos$ to all fai? & is ess5tially iconocla/ic & skeptical4 ,! wond]ful 9 sci5ce is ! rev]se ( ! wond]ful 9 juggl+4 ,! juggl] tries to make u see a v simple relation betwe5 ?+s :i*1 9 po9t ( fact1 h no relation at all4 ,! sci5ti/1 on ! contr>y1 compels u to ab&on our belief 9 simple casualities & to see ! enorm\s complexity ( ph5om5a4 ,! simple/ ?+s1 inde$1 are extremely complex--a fact :i* w nev] cease to make u wond]4 ,! effect ( sci5ce is to %[ ! absurdity ( attempt+ to rea* p]fect happ9ess & ! impossibility ( exp]i5c+ utt] woe4 ,! gulf betwe5 ! highe/ pit* ( happ9ess & ! l[e/ dep? ( mis]y has be5 creat$ by imag9>y ?+s4#aa ,t is to say1 ! heights ( religi\s exaltation & ! dep?s ( religi\s fe> & trembl+ are alike creatures ( our own my?-mak+4 ,!re is no su* ?+ z p]fect & inf9ite bliss 9 heav5 & !re is no su* ?+ z et]nal damnation 9 hell4 ,h]eaft] our highe/ happ9ess mu/ be less ?an t ( ! m>tyrs :o saw ! heav5ly gates op5+ = !m1 & our wor/ woe mu/ be less ?an t ( ^? m$ieval s9n]s :o di$ %riek+ & trembl+ & ) ! sc5t ( brim/one 9 _! noses4 ,?is space is be+ r$uc$ fur!r & fur!r by sci5ce1 j z ?r\gh sci5ce we h le>n$ to make ! e>? occupy less & less space 9 ! univ]se1 until x n[ seems inf9itely small & our :ole sol> sy/em appe>s z a m]e po9t4#ab ,! ,jews4--,= ! ,jewi% slave-morality :i* prevails 9 ! we/]n _w today1 "u ! label ( ,*ri/ianity1 ,nietzs*e _h1 z we "k1 ! mo/ viol5t av]sion & contempt1 b he saw v cle>ly t ?is same morality admirably s]v$ & fitt$ ! ,jews !mselves2 t x _h pres]v$ !m ?r\gh long ages & aga9/ p[]ful enemies1 & t its v p]si/5ce prov$ alike its own +5uity & ! vitality ( its inv5tors z a race4 ,! ,jews1 said ,nietzs*e1 w ei!r become ! ma/]s ( ,europe or lose ,europe1 z !y once lo/ ,egypt1 ,& x seems to be improbable t !y w lose aga94 ,9 ,europe1 = eighte5 c5turies2 !y h pass$ ?r\gh a s*ool m t]rible ?an t kn[n to any o!r nation1 & ! exp]i5ces ( ?is "t ( /ress & /orm h b5efit$ ! individual ev5 m ?an ! community4 ,9 consequ5ce1 ! res\rcefulness & al]tness ( ! mod]n ,jew are extraord9>y4444 ,9 times ( extremity1 ! p ( ,israel less (t5 s\ght refuge 9 dr9k or suicide ?an any o!r race ( ,europe4 ,today1 e ,jew f9ds 9 ! hi/ory ( 8 =ebe>s a volum9\s record ( coolness & p]sev]ance 9 t]rible pr$icam5ts--( artful cunn+ & clev] f5c+ ) *ance & mis=tune4 ,! ,jews h hid _! brav]y "u ! cloak ( submissiv5ess2 _! h]oism 9 fac+ contempt surpasses t ( ! sa9ts4 ,p tri$ to make !m contemptible = tw5ty c5turies by refus+ !m all honors & dignities & by pu%+ !m d[n into ! mean trades4 ,! process did n make !m clean]1 alas6 b nei!r did x make !m contemptible4 ,!y h nev] ceas$ to believe !mselves qualifi$ = ! highe/ ( activities4 ,!y h nev] fail$ to %[ ! virtues ( all suff]+ peoples4 ,_! mann] ( honor+ _! p>5ts & _! *ildr5 & ! reasonabl5ess ( _! m>riage cu/oms make !m conspicu\s among ,europeans4 ,besides1 !y h le>n$ h[ to d]ive a s5se ( p[] f ! v trades =c$ ^u !m4 ,we _c help obs]v+1 9 excuse = _! usury1 t )\t ?is pleasant means ( inflict+ torture ^u _! oppressors1 !y might h lo/ _! self-respect ages ago1 = self-respect dep5ds ^u be+ able to make reprisals4 ,moreov]1 _! v5geance has nev] c>ri$ !m too f>1 = !y h t lib]ality :i* comes f frequ5t *anges ( place1 climate1 cu/oms & neighbors4 ,!y h m exp]i5ce ( m5 ?an any o!r race & ev5 9 _! passions !re appe>s a caution born ( ?is exp]i5ce4 ,!y are s sure ( !mselves t1 ev5 9 _! bitt]e/ /raits1 !y nev] e>n _! bread by manual labor z common workm51 port]s or peasants4444 ,_! mann]s1 x may be admitt$1 tea* u t !y h nev] be5 inspir$ by *ivalr\s1 noble feel+s1 nor _! bodies girt ) beautiful arms3 a c]ta9 vulg>ity always alt]nates ) _! submissiv5ess4 ,b n[ !y are int]m>ry+ ) ! g5tle/ blood ( ,europe1 & 9 ano!r hundr$ ye>s !y w h en\gh good mann]s to save !m f mak+ !mselves ridicul\s1 z ma/]s1 9 ! sight ( ^? !y h subdu$4 ,x 0 ,nietzs*e's belief t ! ,jews w\ld take ! lead be=e long1 9 ! intellectual progress ( ! _w4 ,he ?\ght t _! tra9+1 z a race1 fitt$ !m = ?is lead]%ip4 ,:]e1 he ask$1 %all ! accumulat$ weal? ( great impressions :i* =ms ! hi/ory ( e ,jewi% family--t great weal? ( passions1 virtues1 resolutions1 resignations1 /ruggles & victories ( all sorts--:]e %all x f9d an outlet1 if n 9 great intellectual function+8 ,! ,jews1 he ?\ght1 w\ld be safe guides = mank9d1 once !y 7 set free f _! slave-morality & all ne$ ( x4 ,!n aga91 he said1 ! old ,god ( ! ,jews may rejoice 9 ,himself1 9 ,8 creation & 9 ,8 *os5 p--& all ( u w rejoice ) ,him4#ac ,! ,g5tleman4--,a million sages & diagno/icians1 9 all ages ( ! _w1 h s\ght to def9e ! g5tleman1 & _! def9itions h be5 z v>i$ z _! own m9ds4 ,nietzs*e's def9ition is bas$ ^u ! obvi\s fact t ! g5tleman is ev] a man ( m ?an av]age influ5ce & p[]1 & ! fur!r fact t ?is sup]iority is admitt$ by all4 ,! vulg>ian may boa/ ( 8 bluff hone/y1 b at he>t he looks up to ! g5tleman1 :o goes ?r\gh life s]5e & imp]turbable4 ,!re is 9 ! flatt]1 9 tru?1 an unmi/akable air ( fitness & effici5cy1 & x is ?is :i* makes x possible = him to be g5tle & to reg>d ^? bel[ him ) tol]ance4 ,! demeanor ( high-born p]sons1 says ,nietzs*e1 %[s pla9ly t 9 _! m9ds ! consci\sness ( p[] is ev]-pres5t4 ,above all ?+s1 !y /rive to avoid a %[ ( weakness1 :e!r x takes ! =m ( ineffici5cy or ( a too-easy yield+ to passion or emotion4 ,!y nev] s9k exhau/$ into a *air4 ,on ! tra91 :5 ! vulg> try to make !mselves com=table1 ^! high] folk avoid recl9+4 ,!y d n seem to get tir$ aft] h\rs ( /&+ at c\rt4 ,!y d n furni% _! h\ses 9 a com=table1 b 9 a spaci\s & dignifi$ mann]1 z if !y 7 ! abodes ( a great] & tall] race ( be+s4 ,to a provok+ spee*1 !y reply ) polit5ess & self-possession--& n z if horrifi$1 cru%$1 aba%$1 enrag$ or out ( brea?1 aft] ! mann] ( plebeians4 ,! ari/ocrat kn[s h[ to pres]ve ! appe>ance ( ev]-pres5t physical /r5g?1 & he kn[s1 too1 h[ to convey ! impression t 8 s\l & intellect are a mat* to all dang]s & surprises1 by keep+ up an un*ang+ s]5ity & civility1 ev5 "u ! mo/ try+ circum/ances4#ad ,dreams4--,dreams are symptoms ( ! et]nal law ( comp5sation4 ,9 our wak+ h\rs we develop a c\ntless horde ( ye>n+s1 crav+s & desires1 & by ! v nature ( ?+s1 ! majority ( !m mu/ g ungratifi$4 ,! feel+ t some?+ is want+1 ?us left )9 u1 is met & satisfi$ by our imag9>y function+s dur+ sleep4 ,t is to say1 dreams repres5t ! reaction ( our ye>n+s ^u ! ph5om5a actually enc\nt]$ dur+ sleep--! motions ( our blood & inte/9es1 ! pressure ( ! b$clo!s1 ! s\nds ( *ur*-bells1 dome/ic animals1 etc41 & ! /ate ( ! atmosph]e4 ,^! ph5om5a are fairly con/ant1 b our dreams v>y widely on successive nights4 ,!re=e1 ! v>iable factor is repres5t$ by ! ye>n+s we h>bor z we g to b$4 ,?us1 ! man :o loves music & mu/ g )\t x all day1 he>s cele/ial h>monies 9 8 sleep4 ,?us ! slave dreams ( so>+ l an eagle4 ,?us ! prison] dreams t he is free & ! sailor t he is safely at home4 ,inasmu* z ! numb] ( our consci\s & unconsci\s desires1 ea* day1 is inf9ite1 !re is an inf9ite v>iety 9 dreams4 ,b always ! relation set =? may be pr$icat$4 #a ,also spra* ,z>a?u/ra1 ,i4 #b ,m5s*li*es allzu ,m5s*li*es1 ,,iii1 #ahe4 #c ,sci5ce & ,immortality1 ,new ,york1 #aijd4 #d ,m5s*li*es allzu ,m5s*li*es1 ,,ii1 #hh4 #e ,morg5rte1 #db4 #f ,zur ,g5ealogie d] ,moral1 ,,iii1 #aa to #ag4 #g ,morg5rte1 #ia4 #h ,gtz5dmm]ung1 ,,ix1 #ai4 #i ,gtz5dmm]ung1 ,,ix1 #bd4 #aj ,gtz5dmm]ung1 ,,ix1 #ch4 #aa ,morg5rte1 #f4 #ab ,morg5rte1 #g4 #ac ,morg5rte1 #bje4 #ad ,morg5rte1 #bja4 ,,xiv ,,nietzs*e ,,vs4 ,,wagn] ,nietzs*e believ$ 9 h]oes &1 9 8 y\?1 0 a h]o wor%ipp]4 ,fir/ ,ar?ur ,s*op5hau]'s bespectacl$ visage />$ f 8 %r9e & aft] t ! place ( sacr$ness & honor 0 held by ,ri*>d ,wagn]4 ,:5 ! ,wagn] ( ! philosoph]'s dreams turn$ into a ,wagn] ( v prosaic fle% & blood1 !re came a "t ( d\bt & /ress & suff]+ = poor ,nietzs*e4 ,b he _h c\rage z well z loyalty1 & 9 ! end he da%$ 8 idol to pieces & crun*$ ! bits und]foot4 ,fai?1 d\bt1 angui%1 disillusion--x is n a r>e sequ5ce 9 ?is pitiless & we>y old _w4 ,^? sapi5t critics :o hold t ,nietzs*e discr$it$ 8 own philosophy by con/antly writ+ aga9/ himself1 f9d _! *ief ammunition 9 8 attitude t[>d ! compos] ( ,tri/an und ,isolde ,9 ! decade f #ahfi to #ahgh ! philosoph] 0 ! k+ ( ,g]man ,wagn]ians4 ,9 ! decade f #ahgi to #ahhi1 he 0 ! mo/ bitt]1 ! mo/ viol5t1 ! mo/ res\rceful & ! mo/ effective ( ,wagn]'s enemies4 ,on _! face ^! ?+s seem to indicate a complete *ange ( front & a c>eful exam9ation be>s out ! ?\ght4 ,b ! same c>eful exam9ation reveals ano!r fact3 t ! *ange ( front 0 made1 n by ,nietzs*e1 b by ,wagn]4 ,z we h se51 ! philosoph] 0 an ard5t musician f boyhood & s x 0 n unnatural t he %\ld be among ! fir/ to recognize ,wagn]'s g5ius4 ,! %e] musician%ip ( ! man ov]:elm$ him & he tells u t f ! mom5t ! piano transcription ( ,tri/an und ,isolde 0 pr9t$ he 0 a ,wagn]ian4 ,! music 0 bold & d>+3 x /ruck out into regions t ! sssli* s5tim5tality ( ,donizetti & ,bell9i & ! pallid classicism ( ,bee?ov5 & ,ba* _h nev] ev5 approa*$4 ,9 ,wagn] ,nietzs*e saw a man ( colossal orig9ality & sublime c\rage1 :o ?\ght = himself & _h skill at mak+ 8 ideas compreh5sible to o!rs4 ,! op]a ( ! pa/ _h be5 a m]e potp\rri ( songs1 /rung toge!r ^u a filam5t ( banal recitative4 ,! op]a ( ,wagn] 0 a symmetrical & homog5e\s :ole1 9 :i* ! music 0 un?9kable )\t ! poetry & ! poetry impossible )\t ! music4 ,nietzs*e1 at ! "t1 0 saturat$ ) ,s*op5hau]'s br& ( individualism1 & int5sely eag] to apply x to realities4 ,9 ,wagn] he saw a liv+1 brea?+ individuali/--a man :o scorn$ ! laws & cu/oms ( 8 craft & d>$ to "w out 8 own salvation 9 8 own way4 ,& :5 fate made x possible = him to meet ,wagn]1 he f\nd ! compos] prea*+ z well z practis+ individualism4 ,9 a ^w1 ,wagn] 0 well nigh z en?usia/ic a ,s*op5hau]ean z ,nietzs*e himself4 ,8 individualism almo/ t\*$ ! b\nd>y ( an>*y4 ,he _h inv5t$ a new art ( music & he 0 engag$ 9 ! excit+ task ( sma%+ ! old "o to make room = x4 ,nietzs*e met ,wagn] 9 ,leipsic & 0 invit$ to visit ! compos] at 8 home ne> ,tribs*51 a suburb ( ,luc]ne4 ,he accept$1 & on ,may #ae1 #ahfi1 got 8 fir/ glimpse ( t que] h\sehold 9 :i* ! erratic ,ri*>d1 ! +5i\s ,cosima & little ,siegfri$ liv$ & _h _! be+4 ,:5 he mov$ to ,basel1 he 0 n f> f ,tribs*5 & s he fell into ! habit ( go+ !re (t5 & /ay+ long4 ,he came1 inde$1 to occupy ! position ( an adopt$ son1 & sp5t ! ,*ri/mas ( #ahfi & t ( #ahgj "u ! ,wagn] ro(tree4 ,?is la/ fact alone is suffici5t to %[ ! intimate foot+ ^u :i* he /ood4 ,*ri/mas1 among ! ,g]mans1 is ess5tially a family fe/ival & m]e fri5ds are seldom ask$ to %>e its joys4 ,nietzs*e & ,wagn] _h long & riot\s disputations at ,tribs*51 b 9 all ?+s fundam5tal !y agre$4 ,toge!r !y accept$ ,s*op5hau]'s data & toge!r !y began to div]ge f 8 conclusions4 ,nietzs*e saw 9 ,wagn] t old dionysian _s :i* _h sav$ ,greek art4 ,! music ( ! day 0 colorless & coldblood$4 ,a too rigid =malism /ood 9 ! way ( all expression ( actual life4 ,wagn] propos$ to batt] ?is =malism to pieces & ,nietzs*e 0 8 prophet & claque4 ,x 0 ?is en?usiasm1 inde$1 :i* det]m9$ ! plan ( ,die ,geburt d] ,tragdie4 ,nietzs*e _h conceiv$ x z a m]e treatise ^u ! philosophy ( ! ,greek drama4 ,8 ardor z an apo/le1 8 ye>n+ to conv]t ! /olid ,g]mans1 8 wild desire to d some?+ practical & effective = ,wagn]1 made him turn x into a gospel ( ! new art4 ,to him ,wagn] 0 ,dionysus1 & ! :ole ( 8 argum5t aga9/ ,apollo 0 no?+ m ?an an argum5t aga9/ classicism & = ! ,wagn]ian romanticism4 ,x 0 a bomb-%ell & its explosion made ,g]many />e1 b ano!r--p]haps _m m--7 ne$$ to %ake ! f\ndations ( phili/9ism4 ,nietzs*e load$ ! next "o c>efully & hurl$ x at him :o /ood at ! v head ( t self-satisfi$ cons]vatism :i* lay ^u all ,g]many4 ,?is man 0 ,david ,/rauss4 ,/rauss 0 ! prophet ( ! good-en\gh4 ,he taught t ,g]man art 0 s\nd1 t ,g]man culture 0 p]fect4 ,nietzs*e saw 9 him ! foe ( ,dionysus & made an example ( him4 ,9 e ^w ( t sc9tillat+ philippic !re 0 a plea = ! indep5d5ce & individualism & outlawry t ! philosoph] saw 9 ,wagn]4#a ,unluckily ! disciple "h ran ahead ( ! ma/] & be=e long ,nietzs*e began to realize t he & ,wagn] 7 drift+ ap>t4 ,s long z !y met ^u ! safe gr\nd ( ,s*op5hau]'s data1 ! two agre$1 b aft] ,nietzs*e began to "w out 8 inevitable conclusions1 ,wagn] ab&on$ him4 ,to put x pla9ly1 ,wagn] 0 ! arti/ be=e he 0 ! philosoph]1 & :5 philosophy began to gr[ ugly he turn$ f x )\t regret or qualm ( consci5ce4 ,!oretically1 he saw ?+s z ,nietzs*e saw !m1 b z an arti/ he c\ld n af=d to be too lit]al4 ,x 0 true en\gh1 p]haps1 t self-sacrifice 0 a m$ieval sup]/ition1 b all ! same x made effective h]oes on ! /age4 ,nietzs*e 0 utt]ly unable1 ?r\gh\t 8 life1 to ackn[l$ge any?+ b hypocrisy or ignorance 9 ^? :o desc5d$ to su* compromises4 ,:5 he wrote ,ri*>d ,wagn] 9 ,bayreu? he 0 already ! prey ( d\bts1 b x is probable t he /ill saw ! ifs & buts 9 ,wagn]'s individualism b dimly4 ,he c\ld n realize1 9 brief1 t a compos] :o f\ght b5ea? ! bann] ( tru?1 aga9/ cu/om & conv5tion1 c\ld ev] turn aside f ! battle4 ,wagn] agre$ ) ,nietzs*e1 p]haps1 t ,european civilization & its *ild1 ! ,european art ( ! day1 7 f\nd$ ^u lies1 b he 0 arti/ en\gh to see t1 )\t ^! lies1 x w\ld be impossible to make art und]/&able to ! public4 ,s 9 8 librettos he employ$ all ( ! old fallacies--t love has ! sup]natural p[] ( mak+ a bad man good1 t "o man may save ! s\l ( ano!r1 t humility is a virtue4#b ,x is obvi\s f ?is1 t ! apo/ate 0 n ,nietzs*e1 b ,wagn]4 ,nietzs*e />t$ out 9 life z a seek] aft] tru?1 & he s\ght ! tru? 8 :ole life long1 )\t reg>d+ = an in/ant ! risks & dang]s & consequ5ces ( ! que/4 ,wagn]1 s long z x rema9$ a m]e matt] ( philosophical disputation1 0 equally radical & c\rage\s1 b he saw v cle>ly t x 0 necess>y to compromise ) tradition 9 8 op]as4 ,he 0 an a!i/ & a mock] ( ! gods1 b ! my/]y & beauty ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ritual appeal$ to 8 arti/ic s5se1 & s1 in/ead ( p5n+ an op]a 9 :i* ! h]o sp\t$ aphorisms by ,huxley1 he wrote ,p>sifal ,& 9 ! same way1 9 8 o!r music dramas1 he made arti/ic use ( all ! anci5t fallacies & devices 9 ! lumb] room ( *ivalry4 ,he 01 inde$1 a philosoph] 9 8 h\rs ( leisure only4 ,:5 he 0 at "w ov] 8 music pap]1 he saw t ,/4 ,ignatius 0 a f> m effective & appeal+ figure ?an ,h]b]t ,sp5c] & t ! conv5tional notion t m>riage 0 a union ( two immortal s\ls 0 f> m picturesque ?an ! ,s*op5hau]-,nietzs*ean idea t x 0 a m]e symptom ( ! prim>y w to live4 ,9 #ahgf ,nietzs*e began to realize t he _h left ,wagn] f> beh9d & t !reaft] he c\ld expect no support f ! compos]4 ,!y _h n met s9ce #ahgd1 b ,nietzs*e w5t to ,bayreu? = ! fir/ op]a season4 ,a s+le conv]sation conv9c$ him t 8 d\bts 7 well-f\nd$--t ,wagn] 0 a m]e dionysian ( ! *air & _h no int5tion ( pu%+ ! ideas !y _h discuss$ to _! bitt] & revolution>y conclusion4 ,mo/ o!r m5 w\ld h se5 9 ?is no?+ m ?an an evid5ce ( a common-s5se decision to sacrifice ! :ole tru? = half ! tru?1 b ,nietzs*e 0 a rabid hat] ( compromise4 ,to make t]ms ) ! phili/9es seem$ to him to be ev5 worse ?an jo9+ _! ranks4 ,he saw 9 ,wagn] only a traitor :o knew ! tru? & yet d5i$ x4 ,nietzs*e 0 s mu* disgu/$ t he left ,bayreu? & set out ^u a walk+ t\r1 b be=e ! end ( ! season he return$ & he>d "s ( ! op]as4 ,b he 0 no long] a ,wagn]ian & ! music ( ! ,r+ did n delight him4 ,x 0 impossible1 inde$1 = him to sep>ate ! music f ! philosophy set =? 9 ! librettos4 ,he believ$1 ) ,wagn]1 t ! two 7 indissolubly weld$1 & s1 aft] a:ile1 he came to condemn ! :ole fabric--h>monies & melodies z well z h]oes & dramatic situations4 ,:5 ,wagn] pass$ out ( 8 life ,nietzs*e s\ght to cure 8 lonel9ess by h>d "w & ,m5s*li*es allzu ,m5s*li*es 0 ! result4 ,he s5t a copy ( ! fir/ volume to ,wagn] & on ! way x cross$ a copy ( ,p>sifal4 ,9 ?is circum/ance is well exhibit$ ! wid? ( ! brea* betwe5 ! two m54 ,to ,wagn] ,m5s*li*es allzu ,m5s*li*es seem$ impossibly & insanely radical2 to ,nietzs*e ,p>sifal1 ) all its exaltation ( ritualism1 0 unspeakable4 ,nei!r deign$ to write to ! o!r1 b we h x f reliable te/imony t ,wagn] 0 disgu/$ & ,nietzs*e's si/] tells u h[ mu* ! music-drama ( ! grail enrag$ him4 ,a ,g]man1 :5 indignation seizes him1 rises /raightway to make a l\d & vocif]\s prote/4 ,& s1 al?\gh ,nietzs*e reta9$1 to ! end ( 8 life1 a pleasant memory ( ! happy days he sp5t at ,tribs*5 & almo/ 8 la/ words voic$ 8 loyal love = ,wagn] ! man1 he conceiv$ x to be 8 sacr$ duty to combat :at he reg>d$ z ! treason ( ,wagn] ! philosoph]4 ,?is notion 0 d\btlessly /r5g!n$ by 8 belief t he himself _h done mu* to laun* ,wagn]'s b>k4 ,he _h prais$1 & n[ x 0 8 duty to blame4 ,he _h be5 en?usia/ic at ! fir/ task1 & he det]m9$ to be pitiless at ! second4 ,b he hesitat$ = t5 ye>s1 because1 z has be5 said1 he c\ld n kill 8 affection = ,wagn]1 ! man4 ,x takes c\rage to w\nd "o's ne>e/ & de>e/1 & ,nietzs*e1 = all 8 lack ( s5tim5t1 0 /ill no m ?an human4 ,9 ! end1 h[ev]1 he br\ght himself to ! h]oic surg]y t confront$ him1 & ! result 0 ,d] ,fall ,wagn]4 ,9 ?is book all fri5d%ip & pleasant memories 7 put aside4 ,wagn] 0 8 fri5d ( old8 ,v well3 t 0 a reason = him to be all ! m exact & all ! m unpity+4 ,:at does a philosoph] fir/ly & la/ly require ( himself8 he asks4 ,to ov]come 8 age 9 himself2 to become timeless6 ,) :at1 !n1 has he to fight 8 h>de/ fight8 ,) ^? *>act]i/ics & ideas :i* mo/ pla9ly /amp him z ! *ild ( 8 age4 ,h]e9 we p]ceive ,nietzs*e's fundam5tal error4 ,deceiv$ by ,wagn]'s en?usiasm = ,s*op5hau] & 8 e>ly1 amateuri% dabbl+ 9 philosophy1 he reg>d$2 ! compos] z a philosoph]4 ,b ,wagn]1 ( c\rse1 0 fir/ ( all an arti/1 & x is ! function ( an arti/1 n to re=m humanity1 b to depict x z he sees x1 or z 8 age sees x--fallacies1 delusions & all4 ,george ,b]n>d ,%aw1 9 8 fam\s criticism ( ,%akespe>e1 %[s u h[ ! ,b>d ( ,avon made j su* a compromise ) ! prevail+ op9ion ( 8 "t4 ,%akespe>e1 he says1 0 too intellig5t a man to reg>d ,rosal9d z a plausible woman1 b ! !atre-go]s ( 8 day s reg>d$ h] & he drew h] to _! ta/e4#c ,an arti/ :o fail$ to make su* a concession to conv5tion w\ld be an arti/ )\t an audi5ce4 ,wagn] 0 no ,*ri/ian1 b he knew t ! que/ ( ! holy grail 0 an idea :i* made a p[]ful appeal to n9e-t5?s ( civiliz$ humanity1 & s he turn$ x into a drama4 ,?is 0 n consci\s lack ( s9c]ity1 b m]ely a manife/ation ( ! sub-consci\s arti/ic feel+ = effectiv5ess4#d ,!re=e1 x is pla9 t ,nietzs*e's :ole case aga9/ ,wagn] is bas$ ^u a fallacy & t1 9 consequ5ce1 x is n to be tak5 too s]i\sly4 ,x is true en\gh t 8 book conta9s "s rem>kably acute & se>*+ obs]vations ^u art1 & t1 grant+ 8 premises1 8 g5]al conclusions w\ld be correct1 b we are by no means grant+ 8 premises4 ,wagn] may h be5 a traitor to 8 philosophy1 b if he _h rema9$ loyal to x1 8 art w\ld h be5 impossible4 ,& 9 view ( ! sublime beauty ( t art we may well p>don him = n keep+ ! fai?4 ,d] ,fall ,wagn] caus$ a horde ( /upid critics to ma9ta9 t ,nietzs*e1 & n ,wagn]1 0 ! apo/ate1 & t ! mad philosoph] _h begun to argue aga9/ himself4 ,z an answ] to ?is ridicul\s *>ge1 ,nietzs*e publi%$ a little book call$ ,nietzs*e contra ,wagn]4 ,x 0 made up entirely ( passages f 8 e>li] books & ^! prov$ conclusively t1 ev] s9ce 8 initial div]g5ce f ,s*op5hau]'s conclusions1 he _h ho$ a /raight r[4 ,he 0 a dionysian 9 ,die ,geburt d] ,tragdie & he 0 a dionysian /ill 9 ,also ,spra* ,z>a?u/ra4 #a ,t ,wagn] gave ,nietzs*e good reason to cr$it him ) ^! qualities is amply prov$4 ,i h nev] read any?+ bett] ?an y\r book1 wrote ! compos] 9 #ahgb4 ,x is ma/]ly4 ,& ,frau ,cosima & ,liszt1 :o 7 c]ta9ly famili> ) ,wagn]'s ideas1 support$ ,nietzs*e's assumption1 too4 ,oh1 h[ f9e is y\r book1 wrote ! =m]1 h[ f9e & h[ deep--h[ deep & h[ ke56 ,liszt s5t f ,prague 7,feb4 #bi1 #ahgb7 a pomp\s1 patroniz+ lett]4 ,i h read y\r book twice1 he said4 ,9 all ( ?is correspond5ce !re is no h9t t ,nietzs*e _h misund]/ood ,wagn]'s position or _h laid d[n any propositions f :i* ! compos] diss5t$4 #b ,!re is an int]e/+ discussion ( ?is 9 ,james ,hunek]'s book1 ,mezzot9ts 9 ,mod]n ,music1 page #bhe et4 seq41 ,new ,york1 #ahii4 #c ,see ,george ,b]n>d ,%aw3 ,8 ,plays2 page #ajb et seq41 ,bo/on1 #aije4 #d ,wagn]'s creative in/9ct gave ! lie to 8 !oretical sy/em3 ,r4 ,a4 ,/reatfield1 ,mod]n ,music & ,musicians1 p4 #bgb2 ,new ,york1 #aijf4 ,,nietzs*e ,,! ,,prophet ,i ,,nietzs*e',s ,,orig9s ,! con/ruction ( philosophical family trees = ,nietzs*e has ev] be5 "o ( ! favorite pa/imes ( 8 critics & int]pret]s4 ,?us ,dr4 ,osc> ,levy1 editor ( ! ,engli% translation ( 8 works1 makes him ! heir ( ,goe! & ,/5dhal1 & ! culm9at+ figure ( ! ,second ,r5aissance laun*$ by ! latt]1 :o 0 ! fir/ man to cry halt to ! ,kantian philosophy :i* _h flood$ all ,europe4#a ,dr4 ,m4 ,a4 ,mgge agrees ) ?is g5ealogy s f> z x goes1 b po9ts out t ,nietzs*e 0 also ! intellectual desc5dant ( c]ta9 pre-,socratic ,greeks1 p>ticul>ly ,h]acleitus1 & ( ,sp9oza & ,/irn]4#b ,alfr$ ,f\ille1 ! ,fr5*man1 is ano!r :o gives him ,greek blood1 b 9 seek+ 8 lat] =ebe>s ,f\ille passes ov] ! f\r nam$ by ,levy & ,mgge & puts ,hobbes1 ,s*op5hau]1 ,d>w91 ,r\sseau & ,did]ot 9 place ( !m4#c ,aga91 ,?omas ,common says t p]haps ,nietzs*e is mo/ indebt$ to ,*am=t & ,s*op5hau]1 b also all[s a consid]able influ5ce to ,hobbes1 & endeavors to %[ h[ ,nietzs*e c>ri$ on1 consci\sly & unconsci\sly1 c]ta9 ideas orig9at+ ) ,d>w9 & develop$ by ,huxley1 ,sp5c] & ! o!r evolutioni/s4#d ,dr4 ,alex&] ,tille has writt5 a :ole volume ^u ?is latt] relation%ip4#e ,f9ally1 ,paul ,elm] ,m1 ! ,am]ican1 tak+ ! cue f ,f\ille1 f9ds ! g]ms ( _m ( ,nietzs*e's doctr9es 9 ,hobbes1 & !n proce$s to a some:at elaborate discussion ( ! mutations ( e?ical !ory dur+ ! pa/ two c5turies1 %[+ h[ ,hume sup]impos$ ! idea ( sympa?y z a motive ^u ,hobbes' idea ( self-int]e/1 & h[ ?is sympa?y !ory prevail$ ov] t ( self-int]e/1 & deg5]at$ into s5tim5talism1 & s op5$ ! way = ,socialism & o!r su* delusions1 & h[ ,nietzs*e in/itut$ a sort ( ,hobbesian revival4#f ,_m m speculations ( t sort1 "s ( !m v +5i\s & "s m]ely +5u\s1 might be rehe>s$4 ,by "o critic or ano!r ,nietzs*e has be5 accus$ ( m or less frank borr[+s f ,x5ophanes1 ,democritus1 ,py?agoras1 ,callicles1 ,p>m5ides1 ,arcelaus1 ,emp$ocles1 ,pyrrho1 ,hegesippus1 ! ,eleatic ,z5o1 ,ma*iavelli1 ,comte1 ,montaigne1 ,m&eville1 ,la ,bruyre1 ,font5elle1 ,voltaire1 ,kant1 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 ,helvtius1 ,adam ,smi?1 ,mal?us1 ,butl]1 ,blake1 ,pr\dhon1 ,paul ,re1 ,flaub]t1 ,ta9e1 ,gob9eau1 ,r5an1 & ev5 f ,k>l ,m>x6--a long catalogue ( mean+less names1 an exhau/ive ro/] ( pa?f9d]s & prote/ants4 ,a ,fr5*man1 ,jules de ,gaulti]1 has devot$ a :ole book to ! fasc9at+ subject4#g ,b if we turn f ?is labori\s & (t5 irrelevant se>* = common ideas & p>allel passages to ! actual facts ( ,nietzs*e's intellectual developm5t1 we %all f9d1 p]haps1 t 8 ance/ry ran 9 two /reams1 ! "o com+ d[n f ! ,greeks :om he /udi$ z s*ool-boy & und]graduate1 & ! o!r hav+ its s\rce 9 ,s*op5hau]1 ! great discov]y ( 8 e>ly manhood & ! mo/ p[]ful s+le influ5ce ( 8 life4 ,no ne$ to argue ! ess5tially ,greek color ( ,nietzs*e's appr5tice ?9k+4 ,x 01 inde$1 8 int]e/ 9 ,greek lit]ature & life t made him a philologi/ by pr(ession1 & ! same int]e/ t conv]t$ him f a philologi/ into a philosoph]4 ,! f\ndation ( 8 sy/em 0 laid :5 he arriv$ at 8 conception ( ! conflict betwe5 ! ,greek gods ,apollo & ,dionysus1 & all t foll[$ belong$ naturally to ! work+ out ( t idea4 ,b :at he got f ! ,greeks ( 8 e>ly adoration 0 m ?an a s+le idea & m ?an ! body ( miscellane\s ideas li/$ by ! comm5tators3 x 0 ! ,greek outlook1 ! ,greek _s1 ! ,greek attitude t[>d ,god & man4 ,9 brief1 he ceas$ to be a ,g]man pa/or's son1 br\ght up 9 ! fe> ( ! ,"l1 & became a citiz5 ( ^? gorge\s & en*ant$ isles1 mu* z ,%elley _h be=e him4 ,! s5tim5tality ( ,*ri/ianity dropp$ f him l an old g>m5t2 he /ood =?1 z x 71 b>e & una%am$1 a pagan 9 ! spr+time ( ! _w1 a ja-sag]4 ,m ?an ! read+ ( books1 ( c\rse1 0 ne$$ to "w t trans=mation--! blood t leap$ _h to be blood capable ( leap+--b x 0 out ( books t ! /imulus came1 & ! feel+ ( surety1 & ! beg9n+s ( a workable philosophy ( life4 ,x is n a ,g]man t speaks 9 ,! ,anti*ri/1 nor ev5 ! ,poli% noble t ,nietzs*e lik$ to ?9k himself1 b a ,greek ( ! brave days be=e ,socrates1 a spokesman ( ,hell5ic innoc5ce & y\?4 ,no d\bt x 0 ! unmi/akably ,greek note 9 ,s*op5hau]--! deliv]y ( in/9ct1 s long condemn$ to ! e?ical dungeons--t eng5d]$ ,nietzs*e's fir/ wild en?usiasm = ! ,frank=t sage4 ,! atmosph]e ( ,leipsic 9 #ahfe 0 heavy ) moral vapors1 & ! d>+ diss5t ( ,s*op5hau] mu/ h seem$ to bl[ ?r\gh x l a %>p w9d f ! sea4 ,& ,nietzs*e1 be+ "y & passionate1 0 c>ri$ away by ! ec/asy ( discov]y1 & s accept$ ! :ole ,s*op5hau]ean philosophy )\t exam9+ x too critically--! bitt] ) ! sweet1 its pessimism no less ?an its rebellion4 ,he1 too1 _h to g ?r\gh ! gre5-sickness ( y\?1 p>ticul>ly ( ,g]man y\?4 ,! ,greek 0 yet b half way f ,naumburg to ,attica1 & he n[ /opp$ a mom5t to look backw>d4 ,e l9e1 he tells u some:]e1 cri$ out r5unciation1 d5ial1 resignation4444 ,evid5ces ( ?is sudd5 *ange are /ill to be f\nd 9 ! re/less melan*oly ( ! leaves ( my di>y at t p]iod1 ) all _! useless self-reproa* & _! desp]ate gaz+ upw>d = recov]y & = ! trans=mation ( ! :ole _s ( mank9d4 ,by draw+ all my qualities & my aspirations be=e ! =um ( gloomy self-contempt ,i became bitt]1 unju/ & unbridl$ 9 my hatr$ ( myself4 ,i ev5 practis$ bodily p5ance4 ,= in/ance1 ,i =c$ myself = a =tnight at a /ret* to g to b$ at two o'clock 9 ! morn+ & to rise punctually at six4 ,b n = long4 ,! =tnight ( self-accus+ & hair-%irts 0 soon ov]4 ,! gre5-sickness vani%$4#h ,! ,greek em]g$ anew1 m ,hell5ic ?an ev]4 ,& s1 almo/ f ! />t1 ,nietzs*e reject$ q z mu* ( ,s*op5hau] z he accept$4 ,! ,s*op5hau]ean premise ent]$ into 8 sy/em--! w to live 0 de/9$ to become ! fa!r1 9 a few ye>s1 ( ! w to p[]--b ! ,s*op5hau]ean conclusion held him no long] ?an x took him to inspect x calmly4 ,?us he ga9$ d\bly--fir/1 by ! acquisition ( a def9ite !ory ( human conduct1 "o giv+ cl>ity to 8 own vague feel+s1 & secondly1 by ! reaction aga9/ an abject !ory ( human de/9y1 ! v anti!sis ( t :i* rose )9 him4 ,& yet1 = all 8 diss5t1 = all 8 in/9ctive revolt aga9/ ! resignationism :i* ov]:elm$ him = an h\r1 ,nietzs*e nev]!less c>ri$ away ) him1 & kept ?r\gh\t 8 life1 "s t\* ( ,s*op5hau]'s di/ru/ ( ! se>* = happ9ess4 ,n9e ye>s aft] 8 great discov]y we f9d him quot+ & approv+ 8 tea*]'s words3 ,a happy life is impossible2 ! highe/ ?+ t man c aspire to is a h]oic life4 ,& /ill lat] we f9d him ?und]+ aga9/ ! gre5-graz+ happ9ess ( ! h]d4 ,:at is m1 he gave 8 ass5t lat] on1 ?\gh always m by fasc9ation ?an by conviction1 to ! doctr9e ( et]nal recurr5ce1 ! mo/ hopeless idea1 p]haps1 ev] =mulat$ by man4 ,b 9 all ?is a c]ta9 di/9ction is to be not$3 ,s*op5hau]1 despair+ ( ! happy life1 r5\nc$ ev5 ! h]oic life1 b ,nietzs*e nev] did any?+ ( ! sort4 ,on ! contr>y1 8 :ole philosophy is a prote/ aga9/ t v despair4 ,! h]oic life may n br+ happ9ess1 & x may ev5 fail to br+ good1 b at all ev5ts x w %9e glori\sly 9 ! light ( its own h]oism4 ,9 brief1 high endeavor is an end 9 itself--nay1 ! noble/ ( all ends4 ,! high] man does n "w = a wage1 n ev5 = ! wage ( bliss3 8 rew>d is 9 ! /ruggle1 ! dang]1 ! aspiration4 ,z = ! happ9ess born ( peace & love1 ( prosp]ity & tranquillity1 t is = %opkeep]s1 wom51 ,engli%m5 & c[s4 ,! man :o seeks x !reby confesses 8 incapacity = ! l(ti] joys & haz>ds ( ! free _s1 & ! man :o wails because he _c f9d x !reby confesses 8 unfitness to live 9 ! _w4 ,my =mula = greatness1 said ,nietzs*e t[>d ! end ( 8 life1 is amor fati 444 n only to be> up "u necessity1 b to love x4 ,?us1 borr[+ ,s*op5hau]'s pessimism1 he turn$ x1 9 ! end1 into a defiant & irreconcilable optimism--n ! slave optimism ( hope1 ) its va9 c\rt+ ( gods1 b ! ma/] optimism ( c\rage4 ,s mu* = ! l>g] ( ! direct influ5ces ^u ,nietzs*e's ?9k+4 ,sc>cely less 0 ! influ5ce ( t great revolution 9 man's view ( man1 t g5u9e transvaluation ( all values1 set 9 motion by ! publication ( ,*>les ,d>w9's ,! ,orig9 ( ,species1 9 #ahei4 ,9 ! *apt] on ,*ri/ianity ,i h sket*$ briefly ! "p t ,nietzs*e play$ 9 ! matt]1 & h %[n h[ x re/$ squ>ely ^u ! p>ts play$ by ^? :o w5t be=e him4 ,he himself 0 fond ( attack+ ,d>w91 :om he dislik$ z he dislik$ all ,engli%m51 & ( d5y+ t he _h gott5 any?+ ( value out ( ,d>w9's "w1 b x is n well to take su* d5unciations & d5ials too s]i\sly4 ,l ,ibs51 ,nietzs*e 0 (t5 an unreliable witness z to 8 own intellectual obligations4 ,s long z he dealt ) ideas 8 ?9k+ 0 frank & cle>1 b :5 he turn$ to ! human be+s beh9d !m1 & p>ticul>ly :5 he discuss$ ^? :o _h presum$ to approa* ! problems he und]took to solve himself1 8 incr$ible intol]ance1 jeal\sy1 spitefulness & egomania1 & 8 savage lu/ = bitt]1 useless & unm]ciful /rife1 comb9$ to make 8 /atem5ts dubi\s1 & sometimes ev5 absurd4 ,?us ) 8 sne]s at ,d>w9 & ! o!r evolutioni/s1 especially ,sp5c]4 ,if he did n actually foll[ !m1 !n he at lea/ walk$ side by side ) !m1 & e "t !y cle>$ ano!r bit ( ! pa? he pr(it$ by x too4 ,"o ?+1 at all ev5ts1 !y gave to ! _w t ent]$ into ,nietzs*e's f9al philosophy1 & )\t :i* x w\ld h /opp$ %ort ( its ultimate developm5t1 & t 0 ! conception ( man z a mammal4 ,_! great s]vice to human k 0 precisely ?is4 ,!y f\nd man a loit]] at ! gates ( heav51 a c\rti] 9 ! ante-*amb]s ( gods4 ,!y br\ght him back to e>? & bade him help himself4 ,mean:ile1 ! read] :o c>es to g into ! matt] fur!r w f9d ,nietzs*e elb[+ o!r sages 9 a multitude ( places4 ,he himself has te/ifi$ to 8 debt to ,/5dhal 7,m>ie ,h5ri ,beyle71 t great apologi/ = ,napoleon ,bonap>te & expon5t ( ! ,napoleonic philosophy4 ,/5dhal1 he says1 0 "o ( ! happie/ accid5ts ( my life4444 ,he is q priceless1 ) 8 p5etrat+ psy*ologi/'s eye & 8 grip ^u facts1 recall+ t ( ! greate/ ( all ma/]s ( facts 7ex ungue ,napoleon--72 & la/1 b n lea/1 z an hone/ a!i/--"o ( a species r>e & h>d to f9d 9 ,france4444 ,maybe ,i myself am jeal\s ( ,/5dhal8 ,he took f me ! be/ ( a!i/ic jokes1 t ,i might be/ h made3 '! only excuse = ,god is t ,he doesn't exi/4'#i ,( 8 debt to ,max ,/irn] ! evid5ce is less cle>1 b x has be5 frequ5tly alleg$1 &1 z ,dr4 ,mgge says1 q a lit]ature has gr[n up ar\nd ! "q4 ,/irn]'s *ief "w1 ,d] ,e9zige und se9 ,eig5tum1#aj 0 fir/ publi%$ 9 #ahdd1 ! ye> ( ,nietzs*e's bir?1 & 9 its /rong plea = ! emancipation ( ! individual !re are _m ideas & ev5 phrases t 7 lat] voic$ by ,nietzs*e4 ,dr4 ,mgge quotes a few ( !m3 ,:at is good & :at is evil8 ,i myself am my own rule1 & ,i am nei!r good nor evil4 ,nei!r ^w means any?+ to me4444 ,betwe5 ! two vicissitudes ( victory & defeat sw+s ! fate ( ! /ruggle--ma/] or slave6444 ,egoism1 n love1 mu/ decide4 ,o!rs w greet ! read] ( ,/irn]'s book3 ,z long z y believe 9 ! tru?1 y d n believe 9 y\rself2 y are a s]vant1 a religi\s man4 ,y alone are ! tru?4444 ,:e!r :at ,i ?9k & d is ,*ri/ian1 :at d ,i c>e8 ,:e!r x is human1 lib]al1 humane1 :e!r unhuman1 illib]al1 unhumane1 :at d ,i ask ab\t t8 ,if only x accompli%es :at ,i want1 if only ,i satisfy myself 9 x1 !n ov]lay x ) pr$icates if y w3 x is all "o to me4444 ,b1 z ,dr4 ,j4 ,l4 ,walk] well says1 9 8 introduction to ,mr4 ,by+ton's ,engli% translation1 !re is a consid]able gulf betwe5 ,/irn] & ,nietzs*e1 ev5 "h4 ,! =m]'s plea is = absolute lib]ty = all m51 great & small4 ,! latt] is = lib]ty only 9 ! high] ca/es3 ! *&ala he w\ld keep 9 *a9s4 ,!re=e1 if ,nietzs*e actually got any?+ f ,/irn]1 x c]ta9ly did n ent] un*ang$ into ! ultimate /ructure ( 8 sy/em4 ,! o!r attempts to convict him ( appropriat+ ideas come to little m4 ,dr4 ,mgge1 = example1 quotes ^! pre-,nietzs*ean passages f ,h]acleitus3 ,w> is univ]sal & "r1 & by /rife all ?+s arise & are made use ( 444 ,good & evil are ! same4444 ,to me1 "o is wor? t5 ?\s&1 if he be ! be/4 ,& ,mr4 ,m quotes ?is f ,hobbes3 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ,i put =?1 = a g5]al incl9ation ( all mank9d1 a p]petual & re/less desire ( p[] aft] p[]1 t cease? only ) dea?--to :i* ! read] may add1 ,:atsoev] is ! object ( any man's appetite or desire1 t is x :i* he = 8 "p calle? good 444 = ^! words ( good1 evil & contemptible are ev] us$ ) relation to ! p]son t use? !m2 !re be+ no?+ simply & absolutely s2 nor any common rule ( good & evil1 to be tak5 = ! nature ( objects !mselves4#aa ,b all ^! passages prove no m ?an t m5 ( pa/ ages saw ! mutability ( crit]ia1 & _! orig9 9 human aspiration & /riv+4 ,n only ,h]acleitus1 b _m o!r ,greeks1 voic$ t e?ical scepticism4 ,x 0 = _m ye>s1 inde$1 "o ( ! dom9ant influ5ces 9 ,greek philosophy1 & s1 if ,nietzs*e is accus$ ( borr[+ x1 t is no m ?an say+ :at ,i h already said3 t he ate ,greek grapes 9 8 y\? & became1 to all intellectual int5ts & purposes1 a ,greek himself4 ,a man mu/ ne$s h a po9t ( view1 a mann] ( approa* to life1 & t po9t ( view is no less au!ntic :5 he rea*es x ?r\gh 8 read+ & by ! ex]cise ( a c]ta9 degree ( free *oice ?an :5 he accepts x un?9k+ly f ! folk ab\t him4 ,! s]vice ( ,h]acleitus & ! o!r ,greeks to ,nietzs*e 0 n t !y gave him 8 philosophy1 b t !y made him a philosoph]4 ,x 0 ! que/ions !y ask$ r ?an ! answ]s !y made t int]e/$ & /imulat$ him1 & if1 at times1 he answ]$ mu* z !y _h done1 t 0 only pro( ( 8 g5u9e k9%ip ) !m4 ,on ! arti/ic1 z oppos$ to ! analytical side1 ,nietzs*e's mo/ influ5tial tea*]1 p]haps1 0 ,goe!1 ! noble/ intellectual figure ( mod]n ,g]many1 ! common /ammvat] ( all ! w>r+ s*ools ( today--9 ,nietzs*e's own phrase1 n only a good & great man1 b a culture itself4 ,8 writ+s are full ( praises ( 8 h]o1 :om he began to read z a boy ( eight or t5 ye>s4 ,8 gr&mo!r1 ,frau ,erdmu! ,nietzs*e1 0 a si/] to ,dr4 ,krause1 pr(essor ( div9ity at ,weim> 9 ,goe!'s day1 & %e liv$ 9 ! t[n :ile ! poet held 8 c\rt !re1 & und\bt$ly came into contact ) him4 ,h] "m1 ,frau ,pa/or ,krause1 0 probably ! ,mu?g5 ( ,goe!'s di>y4 ,b despite all ?is1 %e ?\ght t ,fau/ & ,elective ,aff9ities 7 n fit = little boys & s x rema9$ = ,judge ,p9d>1 ! fa!r ( "o ( "y ,nietzs*e's ,naumburg playmates1 to conduct ! initiation4#ab ,?irty ye>s aft]w>d1 ,nietzs*e gratefully ackn[l$g$ 8 debt to ,h]r ,p9d>1 & 8 va/ly great] debt to ,goe!--a ?or\gh-go+ reali/ 9 ! mid/ ( an unreal age4444 ,he did n sev] himself f life1 b ent]$ into x4 ,undaunt$1 he took z mu* z possible to himself4444 ,:at he s\ght 0 totality4#ac ,nietzs*e 0 also an extravagant admir] ( ,he9ri* ,he9e1 & tri$ to imitate t poet's sweet & passionate music4 ,p w say "s day1 he decl>$1 t ,he9e & ,i 7 ! greate/ arti/s1 by f>1 t ev] wrote 9 ,g]man1 & t we left ! be/ any m]e ,g]man#ad c\ld d an incalculable di/ance beh9d u4#ae ,ano!r poet he greatly rev]$ 0 ,fri$ri* ,hld]l91 a ,s\? ,g]man rhapsodi/ ( ! ,goe!-,s*ill] p]iod1 :o wrote odes 9 free rhy?ms & philosophical novels 9 gorge\s prose1 & di$ ! ye> be=e ,nietzs*e 0 born1 aft] =ty ye>s ( insanity4 ,k>l ,joel1#af ,dr4 ,mgge & o!r critics h s\ght to connect ,nietzs*e1 ?r\gh ,hld]l91 ) ! romantic movem5t 9 ,g]many1 b ! tru? is t bo? ,nietzs*e & ,hld]l91 if !y 7 romantics at all1 7 ( ! ,greek s*ool r ?an ! ,g]man4 ,c]ta9ly1 no?+ c\ld be fur!r f g5u9e ,g]man romanticism1 ) its s5tim5tality1 its begg+ ( que/ions & its boom+ patriotism1 ?an ! gospel ( ! sup]man4 ,:at ,nietzs*e und\bt$ly got f ! romantics 0 a feel+ ( ease 9 ! ,g]man language1 a disreg>d = ! artificial bonds ( ! s*ools1 a s5se ( hospitality to ! gipsy phrase4 ,9 brief1 !y taught him h[ to write4 ,b !y c]ta9ly did n tea* him :at to write4 ,ev5 s1 x is probable t he 0 z mu* influ5c$ by c]ta9 ,fr5*m5 z he ev] 0 by ,g]mans--p>ticul>ly by ,montaigne1 ,la ,bruyre1 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 ,font5elle1 ,vauv5>gues & ,*am=t1 8 con/ant companions on 8 w&]+s4 ,he borr[$ f !m1 n only ! some:at obvi\s device ( putt+ 8 argum5t into ! =m ( apo!gms & epigrams1 b also _! conception ( ! dialectic z "o ( ! f9e arts--9 o!r words1 _! /riv+ aft] /yle4 ,x is to a small numb] ( ,fr5* au?ors1 he once said1 t ,i return aga9 & aga94 ,i believe only 9 ,fr5* culture1 & reg>d all t is call$ culture else:]e 9 ,europe1 especially 9 ,g]many1 z m]e misund]/&+4444 ,! few p]sons ( high] culture t ,i h met 9 ,g]many h _h ,fr5* tra9+--above all1 ,frau ,cosima ,wagn]1 by long odds ! be/ au?ority on que/ions ( ta/e ,i ev] he>d (4#ag ,?is pref]5ce c>ri$ him s f>1 inde$1 t he usually wrote m l a ,fr5*man ?an l a ,g]man1 toy+ ) words1 exp]im5t+ ) _! comb9ations1 mat*+ !m z c>efully z pe>ls = a necklace4 ,nietzs*e1 says "o critic1#ah :e!r = good or evil1 introduc$ ,romance 7n romantic67 qualities ( t]s5ess & cle>ness into ,g]man prose2 x 0 8 endeavor to free x f ^? elem5ts :i* he describ$ z deuts* und s*w]4 7,g]man & heavy47 ,= ! re/1 he d5\nc$ ,klop/ock1 ,h]d]1 ,wiel&1 ,less+ & ,s*ill]1 ! rema9+ gods 9 ,g]many's lit]>y valhalla1 ev5 m bitt]ly ?an he d5\nc$ ,kant & ,hegel1 ! giants ( or?odox ,g]man philosophy4 #a ,! ,revival ( ,ari/ocracy1 ,london1 #aijf1 pp4 #ad-ei4 #b ,fri$ri* ,nietzs*e3 ,8 ,life & ,"w1 ,new ,york1 #aiji1 pp4 #cae-cbj4 #c ,nietzs*e et l',immoralisme1 ,p>is1 #aijb1 p4 #bid4 #d ,nietzs*e z ,critic1 ,philosoph]1 ,poet & ,prophet1 ,london1 #aija1 pp4 xi-xxiii4 #e ,von ,d>w9 bis ,nietzs*e1 ,leipsic1 #ahie4 #f ,nietzs*e1 ,bo/on1 #aiab1 pp4 #ah-de4 #g ,de ,kant ,nietzs*e1 ,p>is1 #aijj4 #h ,nietzs*e himself1 9 aft] ye>s1 view$ ?is attack humor\sly1 & 0 wont to say t x 0 caus$1 n by ,s*op5hau] alone1 b also 7& *iefly7 by ! bad cook+ ( ,leipsic4 ,see ,ecce ,homo1 ,,ii1 i4 #i ,ecce ,homo1 ,,ii1 #c4 #aj ,eng4 tr4 by ,/ev5 ,t4 ,by+ton1 ,! ,ego & ,8 ,own1 ,new ,york1 #aijg4 #aa ,! ,levia?an1 ,i1 vi2 ,london1 #afea4 #ab ,frau ,fr/]-,nietzs*e3 ,! ,life ( ,nietzs*e 7,eng4 tr471 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #ca4 #ac ,gtz5dmm]ung1 ,,ix1 #di4 #ad ,he9e 0 a ,jew--& ,nietzs*e1 z we "k1 lik$ to ?9k himself a ,pole4 #ae ,ecce ,homo1 ,,ii1 #d4 #af ,nietzs*e und die ,romantik1 ,j5a1 #aije4 #ag ,ecce ,homo1 ,,ii1 #c4 #ah ,j4 ,g4 ,rob]tson3 ,a ,hi/ory ( ,g]man ,lit]ature1 ,ed9burgh1 #aijb1 pp4 #faa-fae4 ,,ii ,,nietzs*e ,,& ,,8 ,,critics ,let u set aside at ! />t t great ho/ ( critics ^: *ief objection to ,nietzs*e is t he is blasphem\s1 t 8 philosophy & 8 mann] outrage ! piety & prud]y ( ! _w4 ,( su* sort are ! pale p>sons :o arise 9 suburban pulpits to dispose ( him 9 ! half h\r betwe5 ! fir/ & second lessons1 z _! pr$ecessors ( ! #gj's & #hj's dispos$ ( ,d>w91 ,huxley & ,sp5c]4 ,let !m read _! indictm5ts & br+ 9 _! v]dicts & pron\nce _! bitt] s5t5ces6 ,! /ud5t ( ,nietzs*e mu/ p]ceive at once ! irrelevance ( t sort ( criticism4 ,x 0 ! delib]ate ef=t ( ! philosoph]1 f ! v />t ( :at he calls 8 tunnell+ p]iod1 to provoke & des]ve ! accusation ( sacrilege4 ,9 fram+ 8 accusations aga9/ ,*ri/ian morality he tri$ to make !m1 n only p]suasive & j1 b also z (f5sive z possible4 ,no man ev] _h m belief 9 ! propag&i/ value ( a succs de sc&ale4 ,he tri$ 8 be/ to %ock ! gu>dians ( ! sacr$ vessels1 to =ce ^u !m ! burd5s ( an active def5se1 to br+ !m out into ! op51 to attract att5tion to ! combat by acc5tuat+ its m]e fum+ & fury4 ,if he succe$$ 9 ! ef=t1 if he really outrag$ ,*ri/5dom1 !n x is c]ta9ly absurd to br+ =w>d t delib]ate a*ievem5t z an exhibit aga9/ itself4 ,! m p]t95t & plausible criticisms ( ,nietzs*e1 laun*$ aga9/ him 9 ,europe & ,am]ica by _m indu/ri\s foes1 may be r$uc$ = conv5i5ce to five fundam5tal propositions1 to wit3 7a7 ,he 0 a decad5t & a lunatic1 & 9 consequ5ce 8 philosophy is n wor?y ( att5tion4 7b7 ,8 writ+s are *aotic & contradictory & x is impossible to f9d 9 !m any connect$ philosophical sy/em4 7c7 ,8 argum5t t self-sacrifice co/s m ?an x yields1 & t x ?us r$uces ! av]age fitness ( a race practis+ x1 is contradict$ by human exp]i5ce4 7d7 ,! s*eme ( ?+s propos$ by him is oppos$ by ideas inh]5t 9 all civiliz$ m54 7e7 ,ev5 admitt+ t 8 criticism ( ,*ri/ian morality is well-f\nd$1 he (f]s no?+ 9 place ( x t w\ld "w z well4 ,x is sc>cely wor? :ile to l+] ov] ! fir/ & second ( ^! propositions4 ,! fir/ has be5 def5d$ mo/ speci\sly by ,max ,nordau1 9 ,deg5]ation1 a book :i* made z mu* noise1 :5 x 0 fir/ publi%$ 9 #ahic1 z any ( ,nietzs*e's own4 ,nordau's argum5t is bas$ ^u a !ory ( deg5]ation borr[$ q frankly f ,ces>e ,lombroso1 an ,italian quasi-sci5ti/ ^: mode/ contributions to psy*iatry 7 (fset by _m volumes ( rubbi% ab\t spooks1 table-tapp+1 m5tal telepa?y1 _s photography & ! alleg$ /igmata ( crim9als & m5 ( g5ius4 ,deg5]acy & decad5ce 7 t]ms t fill$ ! public imag9ation 9 ! #hj's & #ij's1 & ev5 ,nietzs*e himself seem$ to ?9k1 at times1 t !y _h def9ite mean+s & t 8 own type ( m9d 0 deg5]ate4 ,z ,nordau def9es deg5]acy x is a morbid deviation f ! orig9al type--i4e4 f ! physical & m5tal norm ( ! species--& he lays /ress ^u ! fact t by morbid he means infirm or incapable ( fulfill+ normal functions4 ,b /raightway he beg9s to reg>d any deviation z morbid & deg5]ate1 despite ! obvi\s fact t x may be q ! rev]se4 ,he says1 = example1 t a man ) web toes is a deg5]ate1 & !n proce$s to argue elaborately f t premise1 entirely ov]look+ ! fact t web toes1 "u easily imag9able circum/ances1 might be an advantage in/ead ( a h&icap1 & t1 "u ! ord9>y conditions ( life1 we are unable to det]m9e ) any accuracy :e!r !y are ! "o ?+ or ! o!r4 ,s ) ! symptoms ( deg5]acy t he discov]s 9 ,nietzs*e4 ,he %[s t ,nietzs*e diff]$ va/ly f ! av]age1 e-day ,g]man ( 8 "t1 & ev5 f ! av]age ,g]man ( sup]ior culture--t he ?\ght diff]5tly1 wrote diff]5tly1 admir$ diff]5t h]oes & believ$ 9 diff]5t gods--b he by no means proves !reby t ,nietzs*e's processes ( ?\ght 7 morbid or infirm1 or t ! conclusions he rea*$ 7 invalid a priori4 ,s9ce ,nordau />tl$ ! _w ) 8 book1 ! ,lombrosan !ory ( deg5]acy has lo/ gr\nd among psy*ologi/s & pa?ologi/s1 b x is /ill laun*$ aga9/ ,nietzs*e by an occasional critic1 & s x des]ves to be notic$4 ,nordau's discussion ( ,nietzs*e's insanity is r m intellig5t ?an 8 discussion ( ! philosoph]'s alleg$ deg5]acy1 if only because 8 facts are less op5 to dispute1 b "h1 too1 he =gets t ! pro( ( an idea is n to be s\ght 9 ! s\ndness ( ! man fa!r+ x1 b 9 ! s\ndness ( ! idea itself4 ,"o asks ( a pudd+1 n if ! cook :o (f]s x is a good woman1 b if ! pudd+ itself is good4 ,nordau1 9 attempt+ to dispose ( ,nietzs*e's philosophy on ! gr\nd t ! au?or di$ a madman1 succe$s only 9 pil+ up a mass ( uncontrov]t$ b irrelevant accusations4 ,he %[s t ,nietzs*e 0 an utt] believ] 9 8 own wisdom1 t he _h a fondness = repeat+ c]ta9 favorite argum5ts ad nauseam1 t he 0 viol5tly impati5t ( criticism1 t he *ronically und]e/imat$ ! man oppos$ to him1 t he sometimes indulg$ 9 blasphemy = ! %e] joy ( %ock+ folks1 & t he 0 (t5 hypnotiz$ by ! exub]ance ( 8 own v]bosity1 b x mu/ be pla9 t ?is indictm5t has its effective answ] 9 ! fact t x might be f\nd ) equal ju/ice aga9/ almo/ any revolution>y en?usia/ "o select$ at r&om--= example1 ,savon>ola1 ,tol/oi1 ,lu!r1 ,ibs51 ,g>rison1 ,phillips1 ,wilkes1 ,bakn91 ,m>x1 or ,nordau himself4 ,t ,nietzs*e di$ insane is und\bt$1 & t 8 insanity 0 n sudd5 9 its onset is also pla91 & "o may ev5 admit frankly t x is visible1 "h & !re1 9 8 writ+s1 p>ticul>ly ^? ( 8 la/ ye> or two2 b t 8 pr9cipal doctr9es1 ! ideas ^u :i* 8 fame are bas$1 are ! fantasies ( a maniac is c]ta9ly :olly false4 ,_h he s\ght to prove t c[s _h w+s1 x might be fair today to dismiss him z ,nordau attempts to dismiss him4 ,b :5 he essay$ to prove t ,*ri/ianity imp$$ progress1 he laid d[n a proposition t1 :atev] its novelty & d>+1 0 obvi\sly n irrational1 & nei!r 0 !re any?+ irrational 9 ! reason+ :]eby he support$ x4 ,"o ne$ g no fur!r = pro( ( ?is ?an ! fact t multitudes ( sane m51 :ile he liv$ & s9ce 8 dea?1 h debat$ t proposition 9 all s]i\sness & f\nd a pl5tiful food = sob] ?\ght 9 ,nietzs*e's /atem5t & def5se ( x4 ,ibs5 also pass$ out ( life 9 m5tal d>kness1 & s did ,s*umann1 b no reasonable critic w\ld seek !reby to d5y all intelligibility to ,pe] ,gynt or to ! piano qu9tet 9 ,e flat4 ,aga91 x is ,nordau :o *iefly voices ! second ( ! objections not$ at ! beg9n+ ( ?is *apt]1 ?\gh "h _m ano!r self-confess$ s]p5t ( wisdom foll[s him4 ,nietzs*e1 he says1 tore d[n )\t build+ up1 & di$ )\t hav+ =mulat$ any workable sub/itute = ! ,*ri/ian morality he d5\nc$4 ,ev5 to ! read] :o has got no fur!r into ,nietzs*e ?an ! prec$+ *apt]s ( ?is book1 ! absurdity ( su* a *>ge mu/ be manife/ )\t argum5t4 ,no man1 inde$1 ev] left a m compreh5sive sy/em ( e?ics1 n ev5 ,comte or ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 & if x be true t he scatt]$ x ?r\gh a doz5 books & t he occasionally modifi$ x 9 "s ( its details1 x is equally true t 8 fundam5tal pr9ciples 7 always /at$ ) p]fect cle>ness & t !y rema9$ sub/antially un*ang$ f fir/ to la/4 ,b ev5 suppos+ t he _h di$ be=e he _h arrang$ 8 ideas 9 a connect$ & coh]5t =m1 & t x _h rema9$ = 8 disciples to d$uce & gr\p 8 f9al conclusions1 & to rid ! :ole ( inconsi/5cy--ev5 !n x w\ld h be5 possible to /udy ^? conclusions s]i\sly & to accept !m = :at !y 7 wor?4 ,nordau lays x d[n z an axiom t a man _c be a re=m] unless he proposes "s ready-made & p]fectly symmetrical s*eme ( ?+s to take ! place ( ! notions he seeks to ov]turn1 t if he does n d ?is he is a m]e hurl] ( bricks & %\t] ( blasphemies4 ,b all ( u "k t ?is is n true4 ,ne>ly e consid]able re=m ! _w kn[s has be5 accompli%$1 n by "o man1 b by _m m5 work+ 9 s]ies4 ,x seldom happ5s1 inde$1 t ! man :o fir/ po9ts out ! necessity = *ange lives long en\gh to see t *ange accompli%$1 or ev5 to def9e its precise mann] & t]ms4 ,nietzs*e himself 0 n ! fir/ critic ( ,*ri/ian morality1 nor did he s f> dispose ( ! "q t he left no room = successors4 ,b he made a l>g] contribution to x ?an any man _h ev] made be=e him1 & ! ideas he contribut$ 7 s acute & s conv9c+ t !y mu/ ne$s be tak5 into acc\nt by e critic :o comes aft] him4 ,s mu* = ! fir/ two argum5ts aga9/ ! prophet ( ! sup]man4 ,bo? raise immat]ial objections & ! second makes an allegation t is grotesquely untrue4 ,! o!r ?ree are f\nd$ ^u s\nd] logic1 &1 :5 ma9ta9$ skillfully1 af=d m reasonable gr\nd = object+ to ! ,nietzs*ean sy/em1 ei!r z a :ole or 9 "p4 ,x w\ld be int]e/+1 p]haps1 to attempt a complete review ( ! lit]ature embody+ !m1 b t w\ld take a great deal m space ?an is "h available1 & s we mu/ be cont5t ) a glance at a few typical ef=ts at refutation4 ,"o ( ! mo/ famili> ( ^! appe>s 9 ! argum5t t ! messianic obligation ( self-sacrifice1 :atev] its co/1 has yet yield$ ! race a l>ge pr(it--t we are ! bett] = our ,*ri/ian *>ity & t we owe x entirely to ,*ri/ianity4 ,?is argum5t has be5 be/ put =w>d1 p]haps1 by ,b5nett ,hume1 an ,engli%man4 ,if x 7 n = ,*ri/ian *>ity1 says ,mr4 ,hume1 !re w\ld be no hospitals & asylums = ! sick & insane1 & 9 consequ5ce1 no conc]t$ & effective ef=t to make man m heal?y & effici5t4 ,!re=e1 he ma9ta9s1 x mu/ be admitt$ t ! influ5ce ( ,*ri/ianity1 z a moral sy/em1 has be5 = ! good ( ! race4 ,b ?is argum5t1 9 inspection1 quickly goes to pieces1 & = two reasons4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x mu/ be obvi\s t ! advantages ( pres]v+ ! unfit1 few ( :om ev] become :olly fit aga91 are m ?an dubi\s2 & 9 ! second place1 x mu/ be pla9 t mod]n humanit>ianism1 9 s f> z x is sci5tific & uns5tim5tal & h5ce pr(itable1 is s little a purely ,*ri/ian idea t ! ,*ri/ian *ur*1 ev5 d[n to our own "t1 has actually oppos$ x4 ,no man1 inde$1 c read ,dr4 ,&rew ,d4 ,:ite's great hi/ory ( ! w>f>e betwe5 sci5ce & ! *ur* )\t c>ry+ away ! conviction t su* great boons z ! conque/ ( smallpox & mal>ia1 ! developm5t ( surg]y1 ! improv$ treatm5t ( ! insane1 & ! g5]al l[]+ ( ! dea? rate h be5 br\ght ab\t1 n by ! maudl9 alms-giv+ ( ,*ri/ian prie/s1 b by ! intellig5t meliorism ( rebels aga9/ a bl9d fai?1 ru?less 9 _! ways & means b /up5d\sly successful 9 _! a*ievem5t4 ,ano!r critic1 ?is "t a ,fr5*man1 ,alfr$ ,f\ille by "n1#a *ooses z 8 po9t ( attack ! ,nietzs*ean doctr9e t a /ruggle is welcome & b5eficial to ! /rong1 t intellig5t self-seek+1 accompani$ by a c]ta9 will+ness to take risks1 is ! road ( progress4 ,a /ruggle1 argues ,m4 ,f\ille1 always means an exp5diture ( /r5g?1 & /r5g?1 :5 s exp5d$1 is fur!r weak5$ by ! oppos+ /r5g? x ar\ses & /imulates4 ,d>w9 is summon$ f 8 tomb to sub/antiate ?is argum5t1 b its expon5t seems to =get 7:ile actually /at+ x67 ! famili> physiological axiom1 s (t5 turn$ to by ,d>w91 t /r5g? is "o ( ! effects ( use1 & ! ,d>w9ian coroll>y t disuse1 :e!r produc$ by organiz$ protection or 9 "s o!r way1 leads inevitably to weakness & atrophy4 ,9 o!r words1 ! ideal /rong man ( ,m4 ,f\ille's dream is "o :o seeks1 ) great en?usiasm1 ! readie/ possible way ( ridd+ himself ( 8 /r5g?4 ,nordau1 ,violet ,paget & v>i\s o!r critics attack ,nietzs*e f mu* ! same side4 ,t is to say1 !y endeavor to controv]t 8 criticism ( humility & self-sacrifice & to %[ t ! law ( natural selection1 ) its insi/5ce t only ! fitte/ %all survive1 is insuffici5t to insure human progress4 ,miss ,paget1 = example1#b argues t if !re 7 no belief 9 e man's duty to yield some?+ to 8 weak] bro!r ! race w\ld soon become a h]d ( m]e wild bea/s4 ,%e sees humility z a sort ( brake or gov]nor1 plac$ ^u humanity to keep x f runn+ amuck4 ,a human be+ is s con/itut$1 %e says1 t he necess>ily looms 9 8 own view z l>ge z all ! re/ ( ! _w put toge!r4 ,?is di/ortion ( values is met ) 9 ! consci\sness ( e individual1 & if !re 7 no?+ to oppose x1 x w\ld lead to a hopeless conflict betwe5 exagg]at$ egos4 ,humility1 says ,miss ,paget1 temp]s ! conflict1 )\t :olly end+ x4 ,a man's inh]5t t5d5cy to magnify 8 own importance & to invite dea? by try+ to =ce t view ^u o!rs is held 9 *eck by ! idea t x is 8 duty to consid] ! welf>e ( ^? o!rs4 ,! objection to all ?is is t ! picture ( humility ,miss ,paget draws is n at all a picture ( self-sacrifice1 ( some?+ f\nd$ ^u an unselfi% idea ( duty1 b a picture ( highly intellig5t egoism4 ,:atev] 8 ph>isaical acc\nt ( 8 motives1 x mu/ be obvi\s t h] ,*ri/ian g5tleman is m]ely a man :o ?r[s bones to ! dogs ab\t him4 ,betwe5 su* wise prud5ce & ! immolation ( ! ,beatitudes a wide gulf is fix$4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 t prud5ce is c]ta9ly n oppos$ by ,nietzs*e4 ,! high] man ( 8 visions is f> f a m]e brawl]4 ,he is n afraid ( an op5 fight1 & he is nev] held back by fe> ( hurt+ 8 antagoni/1 b he also und]/&s t !re are times = truce & guile4 ,9 brief1 8 self-seek+ is conduct$1 n alone by 8 fi/s1 b also by 8 head4 ,he kn[s :5 to p\nce ^u 8 foes & rivals1 b he also kn[s :5 to keep !m f p\nc+ ^u him4 ,?us ,miss ,paget's some:at elaborate refutation1 ?\gh x leads to an und\bt$ly s\nd conclusion1 by no means disposes ( ,nietzs*e4 ,! o!r bran*es ( ! argum5t t self-sacrifice is b5eficial op5 an endless field ( debate1 9 :i* ! same set ( facts is (t5 susceptible ( diametrically opposite int]pretations4 ,we h already glanc$ at ! alleg$ effects ( ,*ri/ian *>ity ^u progress1 & obs]v$ ! enorm\s diff]5ce betwe5 s5tim5tal ef=ts to pres]ve ! unfit & intellig5t ef=ts to make !m fit1 & we h se5 h[ practical ,*ri/ianity1 :atev] its !oretical effects1 has _h ! actual effect ( fur!r+ ! =m] & h9d]+ ! latt]4 ,x is (t5 argu$ t !re is unfairness 9 ?us burd5+ ! cre$ ) ! crimes ( ! *ur*1 b h[ ! two are to be sep>at$ is nev] expla9$4 ,:at s\nd] te/ ( a cre$'s ess5tial value c we imag9e ?an t ( its visible influ5ce ^u ! m5 :o subscribe to x8 ,& :at s\nd] te/ ( its t]ms ?an ! /atem5t ( its orda9$ tea*]s & int]pret]s1 support$ by ! unanim\s approval ( all :o pr(ess x8 ,we are "h deal+1 let x be rememb]$1 n ) esot]ic doctr9es1 b ) practical doctr9es--t is to say1 ) work+ policies4 ,if ! ,*ri/ian ideal ( *>ity is to be def5d$ z a work+ policy1 !n x is c]ta9ly fair to exam9e x at "w4 ,& :5 t is done ! reflective obs]v] is almo/ c]ta9 to conclude t x is oppos$ to true progress1 t x acts z a s5tim5tal %ield to ! unfit )\t help+ !m 9 ! slighte/ to %ake (f _! unfitness4 ,:at is m1 x /&s contr>y to t wise =e?\ght :i* sacrifices "o man today t t5 may be sav$ tomorr[4 ,no?+ c\ld be m pat5t1 inde$1 ?an ! high co/ to humanity ( ! ,*ri/ian tea*+ t x is immoral to seek ! tru? outside ! ,^w ( ,god1 or to take ?\ght ( an e>?ly tomorr[1 or to draw di/9ctions 9 value betwe5 be+s :o all possess s\ls ( inf9ite1 & !re=e ( exactly equal preci\sness4 ,b sett+ aside ! doctr9e t self-sacrifice is a religi\s duty1 !re rema9s ! doctr9e t x is a measure ( exp$i5cy1 t :5 ! /rong help ! weak !y also help !mselves4 ,let x be said at once t ?is second doctr9e1 provid$ only x be appli$ intellig5tly & )\t any admixture ( s5tim5tality1 is n 9 opposition to any?+ 9 ,nietzs*e's philosophy4 ,on ! contr>y1 he is at pa9s to po9t out ! value ( exploit+ ! ineffici5t masses1 & obvi\sly t exploitation is impossible )\t "s concession to _! habits & desires1 "s (f]1 h[ev] fraudul5t1 ( a quid pro quo--& unpr(itable unless !y c be made to yield m ?an !y absorb4 ,= "o ?+1 !re is ! bus9ess ( keep+ ! l[] ca/es 9 heal?4 ,!y !mselves are too ignorant & lazy to manage x1 & !re=e x mu/ be manag$ by _! bett]s4 ,:5 we appropriate money f ! public funds to pay = vacc9at+ a horde ( negroes1 we d n d x because we h any sympa?y = !m or because we crave _! bless+s1 b simply because we don't want !m to be fall+ ill ( smallpox 9 our kit*5s & /ables1 to ! p]il ( our own heal? & ! neglect ( our necess>y drudg]y4#c ,9 s f> z ! negroes h any voice 9 ! matt] at all1 !y prote/ aga9/ vacc9ation1 = !y c't und]/& its !ory & s !y see only its tyranny1 b we vacc9ate !m nev]!less1 & ?us increase _! mass effici5cy 9 spite ( !m4 ,x co/s some?+ to d ! "w1 b we see a pr(it 9 x4 ,"h we h a good example ( self-sacrifice bas$ frankly ^u exp$i5cy1 & ,nietzs*e has no?+ to say aga9/ x4 ,b :at he does insi/ ^u is t we mu/ bew>e ( mix+ s5tim5tality ) ! bus9ess1 t we mu/ keep ! idea ( exp$i5cy cle> ( any idea ( altruism4 ,! tr\ble ) ! _w1 z he describes x1 is t su* a corruption almo/ always takes place4 ,t is to say1 we too (t5 practise *>ity1 n because x is wor? :ile1 b m]ely because x is pleasant4 ,! ,*ri/ian ideal1 he says1 kn[s h[ to enrapture4 ,/>t+ out f ! safe premise1 approv$ by human exp]i5ce1 t x is sometimes a virtue--i4e41 a measure ( intellig5t prud5ce--to help ! weak1 we proce$ to ! illogical conclusion t x is always a virtue4 ,h5ce our :olesale coddl+ ( ! unfit1 our enorm\s exp5diture ^u va9 s*emes ( amelioration1 our va9 ef=ts to combat ! laws ( nature4 ,we nurse ! defective *ildr5 ( ! l[] classes into "s appe>ance ( heal?1 & !n turn !m out to beget _! k9d4 ,we p>ole ! pickpocket1 laun* him ^u society ) a tract 9 8 h&--& lose our pocket-books next day4 ,we s5d mission>ies to ! hea!n1 build hospitals = !m1 civilize & educate !m--& lat] on h to fight !m4 ,we save a paup] consumptive today1 on ! o/5sible !ory t he is m valuable sav$ ?an dead--& s op5 ! way = sav+ 8 innum]able gr&*ildr5 9 ! future4 ,9 brief1 our self-sacrifice ( exp$i5cy seldom rema9s undefil$4 ,n9e times out ( t5 a s5tim5tal color quickly ov]comes x1 & soon or late !re is apt to be m s5tim5tality 9 x ?an exp$i5cy4 ,:at is worse1 ?is s5tim5talism results 9 atta*+ a sort ( romantic glam\r to its objects4 ,j z ! ,sunday-s*ool tea*+ virg91 beg9n+ by try+ to save ! ,*9ese laundryman's s\l1 commonly ends by fall+ 9 love ) him1 s ! virtuoso ( any o!r sort ( *>ity commonly ends by end[+ its b5efici>y ) a v>iety ( imag9>y virtues4 ,sympa?y1 by "s subtle al*emy1 is conv]t$ into a sneak+ admiration4 ,bless$ are ! poor 9 _s becomes ,bless$ are ! poor4 ,?is exaltation ( ineffici5cy1 x mu/ be manife/1 is a dang]\s error4 ,!re is1 9 fact1 no?+ at all honorable ab\t unfitness1 consid]$ 9 ! mass4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is inv>iably a symptom ( actual di%onor--( neglect1 laz9ess1 ignorance & depravity--if n prim>ily 9 ! individual himself1 !n at lea/ 9 8 =ebe>s1 ^: weakness he c>ries on4 ,x is highly important t ?is fact %\ld be kept 9 m9d by ! human race1 t ! ess5tial inf]iority ( ! ineffici5t %\ld be insi/$ ^u1 t ! p5alties ( delib]ate slackness %\ld be swift & m]ciless4 ,b z x is1 ^? p5alties are too (t5 r$uc$ to no?+ by *>ity1 :ile ! (f5se !y %\ld puni% is elevat$ to a fictiti\s m>tyrdom4 ,?us we h *>ity conv]t$ into an in/rum5t ( debau*]y4 ,?us we h x play+ ! "p ( an active ag5t ( decay1 & s increas+ ! haz>ds ( life on e>?4 ,we may comp>e civiliz$ man1 says ,sir ,ray ,lanke/]1#d to a successful rebel aga9/ nature1 :o by e /ep =w>d r5d]s himself liable to great] & great] p5alties4 ,no ne$ to (f] cases 9 po9t4 ,e "o ( u kn[s :at ! ,poor ,laws ( ,engl& h accompli%$ 9 a hundr$ ye>s--h[ !y h multipli$ mis]y enorm\sly & creat$ a ca/e ( pr(essional paup]s--h[ !y h s$uc$ t ca/e d[nw>d into dep?s ( degradation unt\*$ by any o!r civiliz$ race 9 hi/ory--& h[1 by hang+ ! cru%+ burd5 ( t ca/e ab\t ! necks ( ! ,engli% p1 !y h help$ to weak5 & sick5 ! :ole /ock & to imp]il ! future ( ! nation4 ,s mu* = ! utility ( self-sacrifice--und5iable1 p]haps1 s long z a wise & ru?less =esight rules1 b imm$iately que/ionable :5 s5tim5tality ent]s into ! matt]4 ,!re rema9s ! answ] 9 rebuttal t s5tim5tality1 aft] all1 is native to ! s\l ( man1 t we c\ldn't get rid ( x if we tri$4 ,h]e91 if we look closely1 we w obs]ve tracks ( an idea t has color$ ! :ole /ream ( human ?\ght s9ce ! dawn ( ,we/]n philosophy1 & is accept$ today1 z irrefutably true1 by all :o p\nd pulpits & wave _! arms & call ^u _! fell[ m5 to rep5t4 ,x has clogg$ all e?ical inquiry = two ?\s& ye>s1 x has be5 a premise 9 a million moral syllogisms1 x has surviv$ ! assaults ( all ! iconocla/s t ev] liv$4 ,x is taught 9 all our s*ools today & lies at ! bottom ( all our laws1 prophecies & revelations4 ,x is ! f\ndation & corn]/one1 n only ( ,*ri/ianity1 b also ( e o!r comp\nd ( !ology & morality kn[n 9 ! _w4 ,& :at is ?is k+ ( all axioms & emp]or ( all fallacies8 ,simply ! idea t !re are rules ( natural morality engrav5 indelibly ^u ! he>ts ( man--t all m51 at all times & ev]y:]e1 h ev] agre$1 d n[ agree & w agree =ev]more1 unanim\sly & )\t res]vation1 t c]ta9 ?+s are "r & c]ta9 o!r ?+s are wrong1 t c]ta9 ?+s are nice & c]ta9 o!r ?+s are n nice1 t c]ta9 ?+s are pleas+ to ,god & c]ta9 o!r ?+s are (f5sive to ,god4 ,9 e treatise ^u ,*ri/ian e?ics & natural !ology1 s call$1 y w f9d ^! rules ( natural morality 9 ! fir/ *apt]4 ,?omas ,aqu9as call$ !m ! et]nal law4 ,ev5 ! ,greeks & ,romans1 = all _! skepticism 9 morals1 _h a sneak+ belief 9 !m4 ,ari/otle tri$ to =mulate !m & ! ,lat9 lawy]s con/antly assum$ _! exi/5ce4 ,mo/ ( !m are held 9 firm fai? today by all save a small m9ority ( ! folk ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,! mo/ famili> ( !m1 p]haps1 is ! rule aga9/ murd]--! six? comm&m5t4 ,ano!r is ! rule aga9/ ! violation ( prop]ty 9 goods1 wives & cattle--! eigh? & t5? comm&m5ts4 ,a ?ird is ! rule ^u :i* ! solidity ( ! family is bas$1 & ) x ! solidity ( ! tribe--! fif? comm&m5t4 ,! !ory beh9d ^! rules is1 n only t !y are wise1 b t !y are innate & sempit]nal1 t e truly enlight5$ man recognizes _! validity intuitively1 & is consci\s ( s9 :5 he breaks !m4 ,to !m ,*ri/ianity add$ an elev5? comm&m5t1 a sort ( inf9ite ext5sion ( ! fif?1 t ye love "o ano!r#e--;& 9 two ?\s& ye>s x has be5 conv]t$ f a novelty into a univ]sality4 ,t is to say1 its po9t ( def9ite orig9 has be5 lo/ sight (1 & x has be5 mov$ ov] into ! gr\p ( natural virtues1 ( et]nal laws4 ,:5 ,*ri/ fir/ voic$ x1 9 8 disc\rse at ! ,la/ ,supp]1 x 0 s f> f g5]al acceptance t he nam$ a belief 9 x z "o ( ! di/+ui%+ m>ks ( 8 disciples1 b n[ our morali/s tell u t x is 9 ! blood ( all ( u1 & t we c\ldn't repudiate x if we w\ld4 ,bro!rhood1 inde$1 is ! v s\l ( ,*ri/ianity1 & ! only ef=t ( ! pi\s today is to raise x f a univ]sal !ory to a univ]sal fact4 ,b ! tru? is1 ( c\rse1 t x is n univ]sal at all1 & t no?+ 9 ! s-call$ s\l ( man prompts him to subscribe to x4 ,we cl+ to x today1 n because x is inh]5t 9 u1 b simply because x is ! moral fa%ion ( our age4 ,:5 ! disciples fir/ he>d x put into t]ms1 x probably /ruck !m z a revolution>y novelty1 & on "s dim tomorr[ our desc5dants may reg>d x z an ar*aic absurdity4 ,9 brief1 rules ( morality are :olly temporal & tempor>y1 = ! good & suffici5t reason t !re is no natural morality 9 man--& ! s5tim5tal rule t ! /rong %all give ( _! /r5g? to ! weak is no exception4 ,!re h be5 times 9 ! hi/ory ( ! race :5 few1 if any intellig5t m5 subscrib$ to x1 & !re are ?\s&s ( intellig5t m5 :o refuse to subscribe to x today1 & no d\bt !re w come a "t :5 ^? :o are aga9/ x w once m greatly outnumb] ^? :o are 9 favor ( x4 ,s ) all o!r et]nal laws4 ,_! et]nality exi/s only 9 ! imag9ation ( ^? :o seek to glorify !m4 ,nietzs*e himself sp5t 8 be/ ye>s demon/rat+ ?is1 & we h se5 h[ he set ab\t ! task--h[ he %[$ t ! good ( "o race & age 0 ! bad ( "s o!r race & age--h[ ! natural morality ( ! ,p]iclean ,greeks1 = example1 diff]$ diametrically f ! natural morality ( ! captive ,jews4 ,all hi/ory be>s him out4 ,mank9d is ev] revis+ & ab&on+ its inh]5t ideas4 ,we say today t ! human m9d in/9ctively revolts aga9/ cruel puni%m5ts1 & yet a mom5t's reflection recalls ! fact t ! _w is1 & always has be5 peopl$ by millions to :om cruelty1 n only to enemies b to ! weak 9 g5]al1 seems & has seem$ :olly natural & agreeable4 ,we say t man has an innate impulse to be fair & j1 & yet x is a commonplace obs]vation t multitudes ( m51 9 ! mid/ ( our mo/ civiliz$ societies1 h little m s5se ( ju/ice ?an s _m jackals4 ,!re=e1 we may safely set aside ! argum5t t a natural in/9ct = s5tim5tal self-sacrifice /&s z an impassable b>ri] to ,nietzs*e's dionysian philosophy4 ,!re is no su* b>ri]4 ,!re is no su* in/9ct4 ,x is an idea m]ely--an idea p[]ful & p]si/5t1 b /ill mutable & mortal4 ,c]ta9ly1 x is absurd to plead x 9 pro( aga9/ ! "o man :o did mo/ to e/abli% its mutability4 ,we come n[ to ! f9al argum5t aga9/ ,nietzs*e--! argum5t1 to wit1 t1 ev5 admitt+ 8 criticism ( ,*ri/ian morality to be well-f\nd$1 he (f]s no?+ 9 place ( x t w\ld s]ve ! _w z well4 ,! pr9cipal spokesman ( ?is objection1 p]haps1 is ,paul ,elm] ,m1 :o sets x =? at "s l5g? 9 8 ho/ile b v +5i\s little /udy ( ,nietzs*e4#f ,mr4 ,m goes back to ,locke to %[ ! gr[? ( ! two ideas :i* /& oppos$ z ,socialism & individualism1 ,*ri/ianity & ,nietzs*eism today4 ,s long1 he says1 z man believ$ 9 revelation1 !re 0 no g5u9e ef=t to get at ! spr+s ( human action1 = e impulse t 0 ratifi$ by ! ,scriptures 0 believ$ to be natural & moral1 & e impulse t w5t c\nt] to ! ,scriptures 0 believ$ to be s9ful1 ev5 by ^? :o yield$ to x habitually4 ,b :5 t idea 0 cle>$ away1 !re arose a ne$ = some?+ to take its place1 & ,locke came =w>d ) 8 !ory t ! notion ( good 0 f\nd$ ^u s5sations ( pleasure & t ( bad ^u s5sations ( pa94 ,!re foll[$ ,hume1 ) 8 elaborate ef=t to prove t sympa?y 0 a s\rce ( pleasure1 by reason ( its grateful tickl+ ( ! s5se ( virtue1 & s ! new conception ( good f9ally /ood erect1 ) "o foot on frank self-int]e/ & ! o!r on sympa?y4 ,mr4 ,m %[s h[1 dur+ ! c5tury foll[+1 ! importance ( ! second ( ^! factors began to be acc5tuat$1 "u ! influ5ce ( ,r\sseau & 8 foll[]s1 & h[1 9 ! end1 ! fir/ 0 =gott5 almo/ entirely & !re arose a non-,*ri/ian s5tim5tality :i* 0 worse1 if any?+1 ?an ! s5tim5tality ( ! ,beatitudes4 ,9 ,engl&1 ,france & ,g]many x color$ almo/ ! :ole ( philosophy1 lit]ature & politics4 ,/ray m51 true en\gh1 rais$ _! voices aga9/ x1 b its sweep 0 irresi/ible4 ,its fruits 7 div]se & memorable--! romantic movem5t 9 ,g]many1 humanit>ianism 9 ,engl&1 ! ,kantian note 9 e?ics1 &1 mo/ important ( all1 ,socialism4 ,t ?is exaltation ( sympa?y 0 imprud5t1 & t its effects1 9 our own "t1 are f> f satisfactory1 ,mr4 ,m is dispos$ to grant freely4 ,x is p]fectly true1 z ,nietzs*e argues1 t humanit>ianism has be5 guilty ( gross excesses1 t !re is a dang] t ?reat5s true progress 9 any sy/em ( education & gov]nm5t :i* makes ! advantage ( ! av]age r ?an ! di/+ui%$ man its *ief object4 ,b ,mr4 ,m holds t ! dang] ?us inh]5t 9 sympa?y is mat*$ by a dang] inh]5t 9 selfi%ness1 t we are no worse (f on "o horn ( ,hume's dual e?ic ?an we %\ld be on ! o!r4 ,sympa?y unbalanc$ by self-seek+ leads u into maudl9 futilities & crimes aga9/ effici5cy2 self-seek+ un*eck$ by sympa?y w\ld lead u into %e] savag]y4 ,if !re is any *oice betwe5 ! two1 t *oice is probably 9 favor ( sympa?y1 = ! reason t x is happily impossible ( realization4 ,! mo/ la*rymose ( ! romantics1 9 ! mid/ ( _! s5tim5taliz+1 7 yet c>eful ( _! own welf>e4 ,_m ( !m1 inde$1 display$ a q extraord9>y egoism1 & !re 0 "s ju/ice 9 ,byron's sne] t ,/]ne1 = "o1 pref]r$ weep+ ov] a dead ass to reliev+ ! want 7at co/ to himself7 ( a liv+ "m4 ,b 9 urg+ all ?is aga9/ ,nietzs*e1 ,mr4 ,m & ! o!r de/ructive critics ( ! sup]man make a s]i\s error1 & t is ! error ( assum+ t ,nietzs*e hop$ to aboli% ,*ri/ian morality completely1 t he propos$ a unanim\s des]tion ( ! idea ( sympa?y = ! idea ( intellig5t self-seek+4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 he _h no su* hope & made no su* proposal4 ,no?+ 0 m firmly fix$ 9 8 m9d1 inde$1 ?an ! notion t ! va/ majority ( m5 w\ld cl+ indef9itely1 & p]haps = all "t1 to "s sy/em ( morality m or less resembl+ ! ,*ri/ian morality ( today4 ,n only did he h no expectation ( w9n+ t majority f its idols1 b he bitt]ly res5t$ any sugge/ion t su* a result might foll[ f 8 "w4 ,! :ole ( 8 prea*+ 0 address$1 n to m5 9 ! mass1 b to ! small m9ority ( exceptional m5--n to ^? :o live by obey+1 b to ^? :o live by comm&+--n to ! race z a race1 b only to its ma/]s4 ,x w\ld seem to be impossible t any read] ( ,nietzs*e %\ld ov]look ?is important fact1 & yet x is con/antly ov]look$ by mo/ ( 8 critics4 ,!y proce$ to prove1 elaborately &1 x mu/ be said1 q conv9c+ly1 t if 8 transvaluation ( values 7 made by all m51 ! _w w\ld be no bett] (f ?an x is today1 & p]haps a good deal worse1 b all !y accompli% !reby is to demoli% a hobgobl9 ( /raw4 ,nietzs*e himself s5s$ ! ess5tial value ( ,hume's dualism4 ,:at he s\ght to d 0 n to de/roy x1 b to re/ore x1 &1 re/or+ x1 to raise x to a /ate ( active conflict--to dignify self-int]e/ z sympa?y has be5 dignifi$1 & s to put ! two 9 p]petual opposition4 ,he believ$ t ! =m] 0 by long odds ! saf] impulse = ! high] ca/es ( m5 to foll[1 if only because ( its obvi\sly clos] k9%ip to ! natural laws :i* make = progress upw>d1 b by ! same tok5 he saw t ^! high] ca/es c\ld ga9 no?+ by di/urb+ ! n>cotic cont5tm5t ( ! ca/es l[] d[n4 ,!re=e1 he 01 to t ext5t1 an actual apologi/ = ! ?+ he else:]e s bitt]ly attack$4 ,sympa?y1 self-sacrifice1 *>ity--^! ideas lull$ & satisfi$ ! *&ala1 & s he 0 cont5t to h ! *&ala hold to !m4 ,:om d ,i hate mo/ among ! rabble ( today8 ,! ,sociali/ :o und]m9es ! work+man's in/9cts1 :o de/roys 8 satisfaction ) 8 insignificant exi/5ce1 :o makes him envi\s & tea*es him rev5ge4#g ,9 brief1 ,nietzs*e dream$ no dream ( all mank9d conv]t$ into a race ( sup]m53 ! only vision he saw 0 "o ( sup]m5 at ! top4 ,to make an end1 8 philosophy 0 :olly ari/ocratic1 9 aim z well z 9 t]ms4 ,he believ$ t sup]ior m51 by :i* he meant al]t & re/less m51 7 held 9 *a9s by ! illusions & in]tia ( ! mass--t _! impulse to move =w>d & upw>d1 at :atev] co/ to ^? bel[1 0 re/ra9$ by false notions ( duty & responsibility4 ,x 0 8 ef=t to break d[n ^? false notions1 to %[ t ! progress ( ! race 0 m important ?an ! com=t ( ! h]d1 to combat & de/roy ! l+]+ spectre ( s9--9 8 own phrase1 to make man innoc5t4 ,b :5 he said man he always meant ! high] man1 ! man ( tomorr[1 & n m]e m54 ,= ! latt] he _h only contempt3 he sne]$ at _! h]oes1 at _! ideals1 at _! def9itions ( good & evil4 ,!re are only ?ree ways1 he said1 9 :i* ! masses appe> to me to des]ve a glance3 fir/1 z blurr$ copies ( _! bett]s1 pr9t$ on bad pap] & f worn-out plates2 secondly1 z a necess>y opposition2 & ?irdly1 z tools4 ,fur!r ?an t ,i h& !m ov] to /ati/ics--& ! devil4#h 444 ,i am writ+ = a race ( m5 :i* does n yet exi/4 ,i am writ+ = ! lords ( ! e>?4#i #a ,au?or ( ,nietzs*e et l',immoralisme & o!r books4 ,! argum5t discuss$ appe>s 9 an article 9 ! ,int]national ,mon?ly = ,m>*1 #aija1 pp4 #acd-afe4 #b ,9 ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,review = ,dec41 #aijd4 #c ,a m ext5d$ treatm5t ( ?is po9t w be f\nd 9 ,m5 vs4 ! ,man1 by ,rob]t ,rives ,la ,monte & ! pres5t au?or3 ,new ,york1 #aiaj4 #d ,9 ,! ,k+dom ( ,man1 ,london1 #aijg4 #e ,john ,,xiii1 #cd4 #f ,nietzs*e1 ,bo/on1 #aiab4 ,repr9t$ 9 ,! ,drift ( ,romanticism1 pp4 #adg-aij1 ,bo/on1 #aiac4 #g ,d] ,anti*ri/1 #eg4 #h ,vom ,nutz5 und ,na*!il d] ,hi/orie fr das ,leb51 ,,ix4 #i ,d] ,wille zur ,ma*t1 #ieh4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,/udy ,,nietzs*e ,?r\gh ! dilig5ce & en?usiasm ( ,dr4 ,osc> ,levy1 au?or ( ,! ,revival ( ,ari/ocracy1 a ,g]man by bir? b = "s "t a resid5t ( ,london1 ! :ole canon ( ,nietzs*e's writ+s is n[ to be _h 9 ,engli% translation4 ,s long ago z #ahif a complete edition 9 elev5 volumes 0 project$1 & ,dr4 ,alex&] ,tille1 lectur] on ,g]man 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,glasg[1 & au?or ( ,von ,d>w9 bis ,nietzs*e1 0 engag$ to edit x4 ,b ?\gh x />t$ fairly ) a volume includ+ ,! ,case ( ,wagn] & ,! ,anti*ri/1 & f\r m volumes foll[$ aft] a ye> or s1 x got no fur!r ?an t4 ,t5 ye>s lat] came ,dr4 ,levy4 ,he met ) little enc\ragem5t :5 he began1 b by d9t ( unfail+ p]sev]ance he f9ally ga!r$ ab\t him a corps ( compet5t translators1 made arrangem5ts ) publi%]s 9 ,great ,brita9 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & got ! "w "u way4 ,8 eighte5? & la/ volume 0 publi%$ e>ly 9 #aiac4 ,^! translations1 9 ! ma91 are excell5t1 & explanatory prefaces & notes are add$ :]ev] ne$$4 ,! cont5ts ( ! v>i\s volumes are z foll[s3 ,i4 ,! ,bir? ( ,trag$y1 translat$ by ,wm4 ,a4 ,haussmann1 ,ph4 ,d41 ) a biographical introduction by ,frau ,fr/]-,nietzs*e1 a portrait ( ,nietzs*e1 & a facsimile ( 8 manuscript4 ,,ii4 ,e>ly ,greek ,philosophy & ,o!r ,essays1 translat$ by ,maximilian ,a4 ,mgge1 ,ph4 ,d41 au?or ( ,fri$ri* ,nietzs*e3 ,8 ,life & ,"w4 ,cont5ts3 ,! ,greek ,woman1 ,on ,music & ,words1 ,hom]'s ,conte/1 ,! ,relation ( ,s*op5hau]'s ,philosophy to a ,g]man ,culture1 ,philosophy ,dur+ ! ,tragic ,age ( ! ,greeks1 & ,on ,tru? & ,falsity 9 ,_! ,ultramoral ,s5se4 ,,iii4 ,on ! ,future ( ,our ,educational ,in/itutions & ,hom] & ,classical ,philology1 translat$ by ,j4 ,m4 ,k5n$y1 au?or ( ,! ,qu9tess5ce ( ,nietzs*e1 ) an introduction by ! translator4 ,,iv4 ,?\ghts ,out ( ,season1 ,i 7,david ,/rauss1 ! ,confessor & ! ,writ] & ,ri*>d ,wagn] 9 ,bayreu?71 translat$ by ,an?ony ,m4 ,ludovici1 au?or ( ,nietzs*e3 ,8 ,life & ,works1 ,nietzs*e & ,art1 & ,:o is to be ,ma/] ( ! ,_w8 ) an introduction by ,dr4 ,levy & a preface by ! translator4 ,v4 ,?\ghts ,out ( ,season1 ,,ii 7,! ,use & ,abuse ( ,hi/ory & ,s*op5hau] z ,educator71 translat$ by ,adrian ,coll9s1 ,m4 ,a41 ) an introduction by ! translator4 ,,vi4 ,human ,all-,too ,human1 ,i1 translat$ by ,hel5 ,zimm]n1 ) an introduction by ,j4 ,m4 ,k5n$y4 ,,vii4 ,human ,all-,too ,human1 ,,ii1 translat$ by ,paul ,v4 ,cohn1 ,b4 ,a41 ) an introduction by ! translator4 ,,viii4 ,! ,case ( ,wagn] 7includ+ ,nietzs*e contra ,wagn] & select$ aphorisms71 translat$ by ,a4 ,m4 ,ludovici1 & ,we ,philologi/s1 translat$ by ,j4 ,m4 ,k5n$y1 ) prefaces by ! translators4 ,,ix4 ,! ,dawn ( ,day1 translat$ by ,j4 ,m4 ,k5n$y1 ) an introduction by ! translator4 ,x4 ,! ,joyful ,wisdom1 translat$ by ,?omas ,common1 au?or ( ,nietzs*e z ,critic1 ,philosoph]1 ,poet & ,prophet 7includ+ ,songs ( ,pr9ce ,free-z-a-,bird1 translat$ by ,paul ,v4 ,cohn & ,maude ,d4 ,petre74 ,,xi4 ,?us ,spake ,z>a?u/ra1 translat$ by ,?omas ,common1 ) an introduction by ,frau ,fr/]-,nietzs*e & explanatory notes by ,a4 ,m4 ,ludovici4 ,,xii4 ,beyond ,good & ,evil1 translat$ by ,hel5 ,zimm]n1 ) an introduction by ,?omas ,common4 ,,xiii4 ,! ,g5ealogy ( ,morals1 translat$ by ,horace ,b4 ,samuel1 ,m4 ,a41 & ,p & ,c\ntries1 translat$ by ,j4 ,m4 ,k5n$y1 ) an editor's note by ,dr4 ,levy4 ,,xiv4 ,! ,w to ,p[]1 ,i1 translat$ by ,a4 ,m4 ,ludovici1 ) a preface by ! translator4 ,,xv4 ,! ,w to ,p[]1 ,,ii1 translat$ by ,a4 ,m4 ,ludovici1 ) a preface by ! translator4 ,,xvi4 ,! ,twilight ( ! ,idols 7includ+ ,! ,anti*ri/1 ,et]nal ,recurr5ce & explanatory notes to ,?us ,spake ,z>a?u/ra71 translat$ by ,a4 ,m4 ,ludovici1 ) a preface by ! translator4 ,,xvii4 ,ecce ,homo1 translat$ by ,a4 ,m4 ,ludovici2 v>i\s songs1 epigrams & di?yrambs1 translat$ by ,paul ,v4 ,cohn1 ,h]man ,s*effau]1 ,francis ,bickley & ,dr4 ,g4 ,t4 ,wr5*2 & ! music ( ,nietzs*e's ,hymn to ,life 7words by ,l\ ,salom71 ) an introduction by ,mr4 ,ludovici1 a note to ! poetry by ,dr4 ,levy1 & a reproduction ( ,k>l ,donndorf's bu/ ( ,nietzs*e4 ,,xviii4 ,index4 ,! /ud5t :o w\ld read ,nietzs*e _h bett] beg9 ) "o ( ! aphori/ic books1 pref]ably ,! ,dawn ( ,day4 ,f t let him proce$ to ,beyond ,good & ,evil1 ,! ,g5ealogy ( ,morals & ,! ,anti*ri/4 ,he w !n be ready to und]/& ,?us ,spake ,z>a?u/ra4 ,lat] on he may read ,ecce ,homo & dip into ,! ,joyful ,wisdom1 ,human ,all-,too ,human & ,! ,w to ,p[]1 z 8 fancy sugge/s4 ,! ,wagn] pamphlets are ( m importance to ,wagn]ians ?an to /ud5ts ( ,nietzs*e's ideas1 & ! e>ly philological & critical essays h lo/ mu* ( _! int]e/ by ! passage ( "t4 ,nietzs*e's poetry _h bett] be avoid$ by all :o _c read x 9 ! orig9al ,g]man4 ,! ,engli% translations are mo/ly v free & seldom satisfactory4 ,( ! l>g] ,nietzs*ean comm5t>ies 9 ,engli% ! be/ is ,fri$ri* ,nietzs*e3 ,8 ,life & ,"w1 by ,m4 ,a4 ,mgge4 ,app5d$ to x is a bibliography ( #hej titles--/rik+ evid5ce ( ! att5tion t ,nietzs*e's ideas h ga9$ 9 ! _w4 ,o!r books t w be f\nd useful are ,! ,qu9tess5ce ( ,nietzs*e1 by ,j4 ,m4 ,k5n$y2 ,nietzs*e3 ,8 ,life & ,works1 by ,an?ony ,m4 ,ludovici2 ,! ,gospel ( ,sup]man1 by ,h5ri ,li*t5b]g]1 translat$ f ! ,fr5* by ,j4 ,m4 ,k5n$y2 ,! ,philosophy ( ,nietzs*e1 by ,georges ,*att]ton-,hill1 & ,! ,philosophy ( ,fri$ri* ,nietzs*e1 by ,grace ,neal ,dolson1 ,ph4 ,d41 ?is la/ a pione] "w ( p]man5t value4 ,less] /udies are to be f\nd 9 ,fri$ri* ,nietzs*e1 by ,a4 ,r4 ,orage2 ,nietzs*e z ,critic1 ,philosoph]1 ,poet & ,prophet1 by ,?omas ,common2 ,fri$ri* ,nietzs*e & ,8 ,new ,gospel1 by ,emily ,s4 ,hambl51 & ,nietzs*e1 by ,paul ,elm] ,m4 ,int]e/+ discussions ( v>i\s ,nietzs*ean ideas are 9 ,! ,revival ( ,ari/ocracy1 by ,dr4 ,osc> ,levy2 ,:o is to be ,ma/] ( ! ,_w8 by ,a4 ,m4 ,ludovici2 ,on ! ,tracks ( ,life1 by ,leo ,g4 ,s]a1 translat$ f ! ,italian by ,j4 ,m4 ,k5n$y2 ,nietzs*e & ,art1 by ,a4 ,m4 ,ludovici1 & ,! ,ma/]y ( ,life1 by ,g4 ,t4 ,wr5*4 ,selections f ,nietzs*e's writ+s are put toge!r "u subject head+s 9 ,nietzs*e 9 ,outl9e & ,aphorism1 by ,a4 ,r4 ,orage2 ,nietzs*e3 ,8 ,maxims1 by ,j4 ,m4 ,k5n$y1 & ,! ,gi/ ( ,nietzs*e1 by ,h4 ,l4 ,m5ck54 ,an elaborate & invaluable summ>y ( all ,nietzs*e's writ+s1 book by book1 is to be f\nd 9 ,:at ,nietzs*e ,taught1 by ,will>d ,h4 ,wright4 ,?is volume1 ! fruit ( v dilig5t labor1 is admirably concise & well-ord]$4 ,! /&>d biography ( ,nietzs*e is ,das ,leb5 ,fri$ri* ,nietzs*es by ,frau ,fr/]-,nietzs*e1 a l>ge "w 9 ?ree volumes4 ,9 #aiaa ,frau ,fr/]-,nietzs*e prep>$ a %ort] v]sion & ?is has s9ce be5 done into ,engli% by ,a4 ,m4 ,ludovici1 & publi%$ 9 two volumes1 "u ! title ( ,! ,life ( ,nietzs*e4 ,unluckily1 s devot$ a si/] 0 n ! be/ p]son to deal ) c]ta9 episodes 9 ! life ( h] bro!r & h]o4 ,! gaps %e left & ! ameliorations %e attempt$ are fill$ & correct$ 9 ,! ,life ( ,fri$ri* ,nietzs*e1 by ,daniel ,halvy1 translat$ f ! ,fr5* by ,j4 ,m4 ,hone1 ) an extraord9>ily brilliant introduction by ,t4 ,m4 ,kettle1 ,m4 ,p4 ,small b sugge/ive /udies ( ,nietzs*e & 8 ideas are to be f\nd 9 ,egoi/s1 ,mezzot9ts 9 ,mod]n ,music1 & ,! ,pa?os ( ,di/ance1 by ,james ,hunek]2 ,deg5]ation1 by ,max ,nordau2 ,affirmations1 by ,havelock ,ellis2 ,ari/ocracy & ,evolution1 by ,w4 ,h4 ,mallock2 ,h]etics & ,or?odoxy1 by ,g4 ,k4 ,*e/]ton2 ,lectures & ,essays on ,natural ,!ology1 by ,william ,wallace2 ,h]alds ( ,revolt1 by ,william ,b>ry1 ,d4 ,d42 ,essays 9 ,sociology1 by ,j4 ,m4 ,rob]tson2 ,! ,l>g] ,aspects ( ,socialism1 by ,william ,engli% ,wall+2 ,?ree ,mod]n ,se]s1 by ,mrs4 ,havelock ,ellis2 ,slaves to ,duty1 by ,j4 ,badcock2 ,9 ,p]il ( ,*ange1 by ,c4 ,f4 ,g4 ,ma/]man2 ,man's ,place 9 ! ,cosmos1 by ,a4 ,se? ,pr+le ,pattison2 & ,gospels ( ,an>*y1 by ,v]non ,lee 7,violet ,paget74 ,george ,b]n>d ,%aw's v>iations ^u ,nietzs*ean !mes are 9 ,! ,revolutioni/'s ,h&book1 app5d$ to ,man & ,sup]man4 ,( magaz9e articles deal+ ) ! prophet ( ! sup]man !re has be5 no end ( late4 ,mo/ ( !m are wor?less1 b any be>+ ! "n ( ,grace ,neal ,dolson1 ,?omas ,common1 ,?omas ,/ockham ,bak] or ,maude ,d4 ,petre may be read ) pr(it4 ,"o ( ! be/ discussions ( ,nietzs*e ,i h ev] enc\nt]$ 0 contribut$ to ! ,ca?olic ,_w dur+ ,decemb]1 #aije1 & ,janu>y1 ,febru>y1 ,m>*1 ,may & ,june1 #aijf1 by ,miss ,petre4 ,x is to be regrett$ t ^! excell5t pap]s1 :i* s\ght to rescue ,nietzs*e f ! misund]/&+s ( ,*ri/ian critics1 h n be5 re-pr9t$ 9 book-=m4 ,,index ,adieu1 ,i ,mu/ ,g61 patriotic song ,amor fati ,an>*ism ,&reas-,salom1 see ,salom4 ,anti*ri/1 ,!-- ,publication ( ,quotations f ,/yle ( ,engli% translation ( ,apollo-- ,fir/ conception ( ,god ( music & poetry ,influ5ce ( ,conflict ) ,dionysus ,aqu9as1 ,?omas ,arcelaus ,ari/ocracy ,art = art's sake ,asceticism1 #ba footnote ,a!ism ,bac*us ,dionysus-- ,fir/ conception ( ,import$ into ,greece ,god ( /r5u\s life ,conflict ) ,apollo ,nietzs*e a ,dionysian ,bad1 def9ition ( ,badcock1 ,j4 ,bak]1 ,?omas ,/ockham ,balf\r1 ,a4 ,j4 ,b>ry1 ,wm4 ,basel1 ,univ]sity (-- ,nietzs*e appo9t$ pr(4 ,lectures on ,greek drama ,9 academic society ,leave ( abs5ce ,resigns pr(essor%ip ,9 asylum at ,income at ,beauty1 ! idea ( ,be]1 ,nietzs*e's dislike ( ,beyle1 ,m>ie ,h5ri1 see ,/5dhal4 ,beyond ,good & ,evil-- ,publication ( ,quotations f ,argum5t ( ,engli% translation ( ,beyond-man1 see ,high] man4 ,bible1 ,nietzs*e's k ( ,bible1 quotations f ,bickley1 ,francis ,bir? ( ,trag$y1 ,!-- ,its g5esis & publication ,doctr9e ( ,quotation f ,revis$ ,engli% translation ( ,bizet's music ,blake1 ,william ,blond bea/ ,bonn1 ,nietzs*e's c>e] at ,bradley1 ,h5ry ,br&es1 ,georg ,buddhism ,burkh>dt1 ,pr(4 ,butl]1 ,samuel ,callicles ,ca/es ,ca?olic ,_w ,celibacy ,*am=t ,*&ala1 see ,masses4 ,*>ity ,*att]ton-,hill1 ,georges ,*e/]ton1 ,g4 ,k4 ,*ivalry ,*loral1 ,nietzs*e's use ( ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce ,*ri/ianity-- ,nietzs*e's indictm5t ( ,sci5tific revolt aga9/ ,its dogmas exam9$ ,free w vs4 det]m9ism ,its slave-morality ,*>ity ,opposition to natural selection ,nietzs*e's attack on self-sacrifice ,orig9 ( ,*ri/ianity ,cohn1 ,paul ,v4 ,college1 ,am]ican ,coll9s1 ,adrian ,comm]cialism ,common1 ,?omas ,comte1 ,augu/e ,consci5ce1 ! nature ( ,co/ume ,cron1 ,b]n>d1 see ,ga/4 ,crucifixion1 ! ,culture1 ,g]man ,danc+ ,d>w91 ,*>les ,david ,/rauss1 ! ,confessor & ! ,writ]-- ,publication ( ,quotation f ,engli% translation ( ,see also ,/rauss1 ,david4 ,dawn ( ,day1 ,!-- ,publication ( ,quotations f ,engli% translation ( ,dea?-- ,! 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( ,li*t5b]g]1 ,h5ri ,liszt1 ,franz ,litt]>is*5 ,v]e9igung mania1 ,d] ,locke1 ,john ,lombroso1 ,ces>e ,l',orig9e de la famille de ,nietzs*e ,love1 nature ( ,l[1 ,sidney ,ludovici1 ,an?ony ,m4 ,ma*iavelli ,maggiore1 ,lake ,mallock1 ,w4 ,h4 ,mal?us ,mammal1 man z a ,man1 mean+ ( ! ^w ,m&eville ,m>i5bad ,m>kby1 ,william ,m>riage1 see ,wom54 ,m>x1 ,k>l ,maso*ism ,masses1 ! ,ma/]man1 ,c4 ,f4 ,g4 ,ma/]-morality ,mat]nity ,m5ck51 ,h4 ,l4 ,m5tone ,messiah1 ,!1 ,h&el oratorio ,meys5bug1 ,frule9 von ,milit>y s]vice ,miscellane\s ,op9ions & ,aphorisms ,mohamm$anism ,mon>*y ,monism ,montaigne ,moonlight on ! ,pus/a1 composition ,moral ord] ( ! _w ,morality-- ,def9itions ( ,expression ( exp$i5ce ,h[ x becomes fix$ ,ma/] & slave morality ,nietzs*e's criticism ( ,m1 ,paul ,elm] ,mgge1 ,m4 ,a4 ,music1 ,nietzs*e's compositions ,music1 ,nietzs*e's love ( ,natural morality ,natural selection1 see ,/ruggle = exi/5ce4 ,naumann1 ,c4 ,g4 ,naumburg1 ,nietzs*e at ,new ,?\ght ,nice ,ni*olas ( ,cusa ,nietzs*e1 ,erm5trude1 ,nietzs*e's gr&mo!r ,nietzs*e1 ,fri$ri* ,wilhelm1 8 *>act]i/ics-- ,z a boy ,pride 9 8 ,poli% desc5t ,love ( music ,a brilliant pupil ,8 dislike ( bi]gem?li*keit ,drug-tak+ ,z a pr(essor ,me?od ( writ+ ,8 intol]ance ,p]sonal appe>ance ,illnesses ,insanity ,lit]>y /yle ,wom5 ,relations to 8 si/] ,nietzs*e1 ,fri$ri* ,wilhelm1 8 life-- ,bir? ,boyhood at ,naumburg ,fir/ writ+s ,at ,p=ta ,matriculates at ,bonn ,/ud5t ( ,rits*l ,removes to ,leipsic ,milit>y s]vice ,fir/ philological "w ,discov]y ( ,s*op5hau] ,takes 8 degree ,pr(essor at ,basel ,fir/ breakd[n ,publi%es ,! ,bir? ( ,trag$y ,o!r e>ly essays ,meet+ ) ,wagn] ,meet+ ) ,re ,human1 ,all-too ,human ,affair ) ,l\ ,salom ,fail+ heal? ,income ,breakd[n at ,tur9 ,dea? ,nietzs*e1 ,josef1 ,nietzs*e's bro!r ,nietzs*e1 ,k>l ,ludwig1 ,nietzs*e's fa!r ,nietzs*e1 ,!rese ,elisabe? ,alex&ra1 ,nietzs*e's si/]1 see ,fr/]-,nietzs*e4 ,nietzs*e v]sus ,wagn]-- ,publication ( ,engli% translation ( ,nietzs*y ,nirvana ,nobility ,nordau1 ,max ,orage1 ,a4 ,r4 ,osl]1 ,william ,ov]beck1 ,franz ,paganism1 ,nietzs*e's ,paget1 ,violet 7,v]non ,lee7 ,pa9e1 ,?omas ,p>m5ides ,p>sons1 ,elsie ,clews ,pa/eur1 ,l\is ,pattison1 ,a4 ,se? ,pr+le ,peace1 univ]sal ,petre1 ,maude ,d4 ,pfleid]]1 ,otto ,p=ta ,philologi/s1 ,we1 essay ,philosophy ,p9d>1 ,judge1 ( ,naumburg ,pleasure & pa9 ,pl[%>e1 ,! ,poetry1 ,nietzs*e's ,poli% orig9 ( ,nietzs*e family ,poor ,laws1 effect ( ,engli% ,pray] ,pr$e/9ation ,prie/craft ,pr(essor at ,basel ,progress1 ,nietzs*e's program ( ,prop]ty rights ,pr\dhon ,pus/a ,pyrrho ,py?agoras ,re1 ,paul-- ,nietzs*e's meet+ ) ,rivals 9 love ,influ5ce on ,nietzs*e ,r5aissance1 ,second ,ri*>d ,wagn] 9 ,bayreu?-- ,publication ( ,engli% translation ( ,see also ,wagn]4 ,rits*l1 ,albre*t ,rits*l1 ,frau ,rits*l1 ,fri$ri* ,wilhelm ,rob]tson1 ,j4 ,m4 ,rck5 ,romantic movem5t 9 ,g]many ,roosevelt1 ,!odore ,r\sseau ,/4 ,au/9 ,sallu/ ,salom1 ,l\-- ,meet+ ) ,nietzs*e ,book on ,nietzs*e ,m>riage ,nietzs*e's affair ) ,hymn to ,life ,samuel1 ,horace ,b4 ,sci5ce1 its aims ,s*effau]1 ,h]mann ,s*ill] ,s*ooldays at ,naumburg ,s*op5hau]1 ,ar?ur-- ,nietzs*e's discov]y ( ,! w-to-live ,nietzs*e's div]g5ce ,essay on ,influ5ce on ,nietzs*e ,s*op5hau] z a ,tea*]-- ,publication ( ,quotations f ,engli% translation ( ,s*umann1 ,rob]t ,self-control ,s]a1 ,leo ,g4 ,seydlitz1 ,b>on von ,%aw1 ,g4 ,b]n>d ,silb]blick ,sils ,m>ia ,s91 ! ,*ri/ian idea ( ,skepticism ,sklavmoral1 see ,slave-morality4 ,slave-morality ,smi?1 ,adam ,social contract ,socialism ,socrates ,sorr5to ,sp5c]1 ,h]b]t ,sp9oza ,/ate1 orig9 ( ,/5dhal ,/irn]1 ,max ,/rauss1 ,david ,fri$ri* see also ,david ,/rauss1 ! ,confessor & ! ,writ]4 ,/rauss1 ,ri*>d1 #ee4 ,/ruggle = exi/5ce ,/yle1 ,nietzs*e's ,g]man ,suicide ,sup]man-- ,describ$ ,8 purposes ,8 *>act]i/ics ,sympa?y ,ta9e ,tea*]1 ,nietzs*e z a ,tea*]s1 _! *>act]i/ics ,?\ghts ,out ( ,season1 see ,inopportune ,speculations4 ,tille1 ,alex&] ,tobacco1 ,nietzs*e's dislike ( ,tr----1 ,frule91 ,nietzs*e's proposal to ,trag$y1 its orig9 ,tribs*5 ,tru?-- ,def9itions ( ,its orig9 9 error ,! sci5tific me?od ,turck1 ,dr4 ,tur91 breakd[n at ,twilight ( ! ,idols1 ,!-- ,publication ( ,quotations f ,engli% translation ( ,vauv5>ges ,v5ice ,voltaire ,wagn]1 ,! ,case (-- ,publication ( ,quotation f ,engli% translation ( ,wagn]1 ,cosima ,wagn]1 ,ri*>d-- ,meet+ ) ,nietzs*e ,nietzs*e visits at ,tribs*5 ,ri*>d ,wagn] 9 ,bayreu? ,burlesqu$ 9 ,?us ,spake ,z>a?u/ra ,! ,case ( ,wagn] ,nietzs*e vs4 ,wagn] ,nietzs*e z a ,wagn]ian ,wagn] & ,s*op5hau] ,p>sifal ,bayreu? op5+ ,break ) ,nietzs*e ,nietzs*e's la/ words on ,walk]1 ,j4 ,l4 ,wallace1 ,alfr$ ,russell ,wallace1 ,william ,wall+1 ,william ,engli% ,w&]] & ,8 ,%ad[1 ,! ,w>1 b5efits ( ,w>1 ,h]acleitus on ,weim> ,:ite1 ,&rew ,d4 ,wiel& ,wife ,w-to-live ,w-to-p[] ,w-to-,p[]1 ,!-- ,plan ( propos$ "w ,notes publi%$ ,quotation f ,engli% translation ( ,w9delb&1 ,wilhelm ,wom5-- ,nietzs*e's p]sonal attitude ,_! *ief duty ,_! slave-morality ,s\rces ( _! weakness ,_! guile ,man's attitude t[>d !m ,m>riage ,don't =get ?y :ip6 ,s*op5hau] on ,! lady ,wr5*1 ,g4 ,t4 ,wright1 ,will>d ,h4 ,z>a?u/ra1 ,?us ,spake-- ,publication ( ,plan ( ,quotations f ,ri*>d ,/rauss' tone-poem ,engli% translation ( ,z5o ,zimm]n1 ,hel5 ,zoroa/]1 see ,z>a?u/ra4