,transcrib]s ,note ,text emphasis d5ot$ z ,italics4 ,,sweet ,,clov]3 ,,gr[+ ,,! ,,crop ,h4 ,s4 ,,coe ,assi/ant1 ,(fice ( ,=age ,crop ,inve/igations ,illu/ration ,,f>m]s' ,,bullet9 #gig ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,agriculture ,contribution f ! ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry ,,wm4 ,a4 ,,taylor1 *ief ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,april1 #aiag ,,! cultivation ( sweet clov] %\ld be prec$$ by a ?r\gh k ( ! requirem5ts = obta9+ a /&4 ,! :ite species comprises a v l>ge p]c5tage ( ! pres5t acreage ( sweet clov]4 ,annual yell[ sweet clov] %\ld be s[n 9 no portion ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates except ! ,s\? & ,s\?we/1 & !n only z a cov] ( gre5-manure crop4 ,sweet clov] is be+ cultivat$ 9 practically e ,/ate 9 ! ,union4 ,at ! pres5t "t ! l>ge/ acreage is f\nd 9 ,! we/]n ,nor?-,c5tral ,/ates & 9 ! ,m\nta9 ,/ates4 ,sweet clov] is adapt$ to a wid] range ( climatic conditions ?an any ( ! true clov]s1 & possibly alfalfa4 ,sweet clov] w gr[ on practically all soil types to be f\nd 9 ?is c\ntry1 provid$ ! soil is n acid & is well inoculat$4 ,sweet clov] is m dr\ght resi/ant ?an alfalfa or r$ clov]4 ,x is q resi/ant to alkali4 ,! lime requirem5t ( sweet clov] is z high z t ( r$ clov] or alfalfa4 ,maximum gr[? is obta9$ only on soils t are n acid4 ,sweet clov] usually w respond to applications ( f]tiliz]s & manure4 ,9 ! move humid sections ( ! c\ntry good /&s usually are obta9$ by se$+ ) a nurse crop4 ,only se$ :i* g]m9ates #ge p] c5t or m %\ld be s[n 9 ! spr+ ( ! ye> unless ! rate ( se$+ is increas$ to make up = poor g]m9ation4 ,sweet clov] does be/ :5 se$$ on a well-firm$ se$ b$ :i* has only suffici5t loose soil on ! surface to cov] ! se$4 ,x is v ess5tial t inoculation be provid$ 9 "s =m if success is to be expect$4 ,! l>ge numb] ( failures 9 obta9+ a /& ( sweet clov] are due prim>ily to acid soils1 lack ( inoculation1 & se$ :i* g]m9ates poorly4 ,spr+ se$+s 9 g5]al are satisfactory1 b 9 ! ,s\? excell5t /&s are obta9$ f midw9t] se$+s also ,fall se$+s are usually successful s\? ( ! latitude ( s\!rn ,ohio4 ,a ,f>m]s' ,bullet9 7,no4 #hbj7 on ! utilization ( sweet clov] = pa/ure1 hay1 & z a gre5-manure is ab\t to be issu$4 ,,sweet ,,clov]3 ,,gr[+ ,,! ,,crop4 ,,cont5ts4 ,page4 ,introduction #c ,species ( sweet clov] #d ,:ite sweet clov] #e ,bi5nial yell[ sweet clov] #h ,annual yell[ sweet clov] #i ,o!r species ( sweet clov] #i ,hi/ory #aj ,di/ribution #aj ,climatic adaptations #ab ,requirem5ts = obta9+ a /& #ab ,soils suitable = sweet clov] #ac ,resi/ance to alkali #ac ,ne$ ( lime on acid soils #ad ,f]tiliz]s #ag ,use ( a nurse crop #ah ,*oice ( se$ #ai ,prep>ation ( ! se$ b$ #ba ,se$+ #bb ,hull$ sweet-clov] se$ #bc ,unhull$ sweet-clov] se$ #bd ,rate ( se$+ #be ,me?ods ( se$+ #be ,inoculation #bg ,! soil-transf] me?od #bh ,! pure-culture me?od #bi ,treatm5t ( ! /& #cj ,treatm5t ! fir/ season #cj ,treatm5t ! second season #cb ,sweet clov] 9 mixtures #cb ,eradication ( sweet clov] #cc ,,introduction4 ,sweet clov] is an important =age crop 9 _m regions4 ,al?\gh "o ( ! olde/ ( kn[n plants1 n until v rec5tly has x be5 consid]$ s]i\sly z a =age plant 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! pr9cipal causes = n utiliz+ ?is crop 7 its aggressiv5ess on uncultivat$ l& 9 _m localities1 ! t5d5cy ( ! /ems to become woody z !y mature1 & ! refusal ( /ock to eat sweet clov] be=e !y _h become accu/om$ to ! bitt] ta/e4 ,ano!r reason 0 ! fact t until rec5tly r$ clov] c\ld be gr[n 9 ! ea/]n half ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates )\t difficulty4 ,9 nor!rn ,k5tucky ! cont9u\s gr[+ ( tobacco or ( tobacco & :eat impov]i%$ ! soil to su* an ext5t t crops no long] c\ld be gr[n successfully4 ,^u ! ab&on$ f>ms 9 ?is section sweet clov] 0 introduc$ z a honey plant4 ,ow+ to ! rem>kable yields ( tobacco t 7 obta9$ on su* f>ms aft] sweet clov] _h be5 gr[n = a few ye>s ! acreage ( ?is plant increas$ v rapidly4 ,= a numb] ( ye>s sweet clov] has be5 gr[n on ! ,selma *alk 7rott5-lime/one7 soils ( ,alabama & ,mississippi z a soil-improv+ crop4 ,at ! pres5t "t x is be+ cultivat$ 9 practically e ,/ate1 & ! acreage is increas+ v rapidly4 ,aft] x _h be5 demon/rat$ t sweet clov] w\ld gr[ successfully on soils too deplet$ = o!r crops1 _m exp]im5ts 7 conduct$ to det]m9e its value z =age4 ,x 0 f\nd t x 0 n only a valuable soil-improv+ crop1 b t x made an excell5t pa/ure & hay plant1 q palatable & ri* 9 prote94 ,:ite sweet clov] comprises a v l>ge p]c5tage ( ! acreage se$$ to sweet clov] at ! pres5t "t4 ,on ?is acc\nt ?is species ord9>ily is ref]r$ to simply z sweat clov]4 ,! yell[ bi5nial species is designat$ z yell[ sweet clov]1 & ! annual yell[ species z bitt] clov]1 s\r clov]1 or annual yell[ sweet clov]4 ,?is usage has be5 adopt$ 9 ?is bullet94 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4--,se$s & se$ pods ( ?ree species ( ,melilotus & se$s ( alfalfa3 #a4 ,:ite sweet clov]2 #b1 bi5nial yell[ sweet clov]2 #c1 annual yell[ sweet clov]1 or s\r clov]2 #d1 alfalfa4 ,! small figures 9 ea* draw+ %[ ! natural size ( ! se$4 ,! v5ation & %ape ( ! se$ pods are important *>act]s 9 di/+ui%+ ! diff]5t species ( sweet clov]4 ,! cultivation ( sweet clov] %\ld be prec$$ by a ?or\gh und]/&+ ( ! requirem5ts = obta9+ a /&4 ,x c n be gr[n successfully on all soils1 z _m assume f see+ x gr[+ 9 uncultivat$ places4 ,nei!r w x ?rive 9 _m sections ( ! c\ntry )\t c>eful prep>ation ( ! se$ b$4 ,sweet clov] w n gr[ successfully 9 acid soils unless lime is appli$1 b x w make a good gr[? 9 soils too l[ 9 humus to gr[ r$ clov]1 provid$ ! soil is neutral or alkal9e4 ,sweet clov] is an excell5t plant to prec$e alfalfa1 z ! l>ge roots d mu* t[>d break+ up & a]at+ ! subsoil4 ,contr>y to ! belief ( _m1 x w n inoculate ! soil = alfalfa unless inoculation is appli$ to ! sweet clov]4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! soil conta9s b few inoculat+ g]ms1 ! sweet clov] w s]ve z a m$ium to inoculate x ?or\ghly4 ,,species ,,( ,,sweet ,,clov]4 ,a numb] ( species ( sweet clov] are f\nd ?r\gh\t ! _w1 & mo/ ( !m are native to temp]ate ,europe & ,asia z f> ea/ z ,tibet4 ,:ite sweet clov]1#a yell[ bi5nial sweet clov]1#b & yell[ annual sweet clov]#c are ! only species :i* h giv5 suffici5t promise z =age & gre5-manure crops 9 ?is c\ntry to w>rant gr[+ !m "u cultivation4 #a ,melilotus alba ,de>4 #b ,melilotus (fic9alis 7,l47 ,lam4 #c ,melilotus indica 7,l47 ,all4 ,x is difficult = ! av]age p]son to di/+ui% betwe5 ! diff]5t species ( sweet clov] f an exam9ation ( ! se$s or se$ pods only4 ,! diff]5ces are indicat$ 9 figure #a4 ,:]e !re is a "q z to ! id5tity ( a sample ( se$ x %\ld be s5t to a ,/ate agricultural exp]im5t /ation or to "o ( ! se$ laboratories ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture = id5tification4 ,,:ite ,,sweet ,,clov]4 ,:ite sweet clov] 7fig4 #b7 is ord9>ily ref]r$ to z melilotus or meliot 9 ! ,s\? & m]ely z sweet clov] 9 o!r portions ( ! c\ntry4 ,:5 soil conditions are favorable = g]m9ation1 sweet-clov] se$l+s w appe> f "o to two weeks aft] se$+4 ,on acc\nt ( ! bi5nial nature ( ! plants1 !y d n seem to make mu* gr[? above gr\nd ! fir/ mon? or six weeks aft] g]m9ation1 b dur+ ?is "t !y are develop+ root sy/ems rapidly & ?us becom+ e/abli%$1 s to be able to )/& adv]se conditions4 ,plants :i* h made no m ?an #b in*es ( top gr[? v (t5 h produc$ roots #f in*es or m 9 l5g? 7fig4 #c74 ,! tap-root cont9ues to develop rapidly ?r\gh\t ! gr[+ season ! fir/ ye>1 & by autumn (t5 rea*es a l5g? ( #bd to #cf in*es & a diamet] ( ?ree-f\r?s to #a in* at ! cr[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4--;,a bran* ( :ite sweet clov]1 %[+ ! long1 loose racemes :i* be> :ite fl[]s4 ,aft] ! root sy/em becomes e/abli%$ ! plants produce an upright1 bran*+1 leafy gr[?1 :i* "u ideal gr[+ conditions may rea* a height ( #dh in*es ! fir/ season1 b m (t5 #ah to #cj in*es4 ,a l>ge quantity ( res]ve food is /or$ 9 ! tap-root ! fir/ season2 ?is res]ve food enables ! plants to make a rapid & vigor\s gr[? e>ly ! foll[+ spr+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4--,:ite sweet-clov] plants collect$ f a plat six weeks f ! date ( se$+4 ,an ext5sive root sy/em su* z is %[n "h is (t5 develop$ be=e mu* gr[? is made above gr\nd4 ,t[>d ! end ( ! gr[+ season ( ! fir/ ye> a numb] ( buds1 :i* s]ve to produce ! second ye>'s gr[? 7fig4 #d71 are =m$ on ! cr[ns ( ! plants4 ,aft] ^! buds are =m$ ! plants may be clipp$ q close to ! gr\nd1 z ! buds are n develop$ until ! plants h made suffici5t gr[? to live ?r\gh ! w9t]4 ,dur+ ! second season sweet clov] makes a rapid1 erect1 /emmy1 bran*+ gr[? f #e to #aj feet 9 height1 ! plants produc+ only a mod]ate numb] ( leaves1 :i* drop z ! se$ matures4 ,a l>ge numb] ( loose racemes be>+ :ite fl[]s 7see fig4 #b7 are produc$ dur+ ! fl[]+ p]iod1 :i* usually la/s f ?ree to five weeks4 ,be=e sweet clov] has made a gr[? ( #ab to #ah in*es x closely resembles alfalfa4 ,! plants may be di/+ui%$ f alfalfa by ! abs5ce ( pubesc5ce on ! "u side ( ! leaves & by _! bitt] ta/e4 ,:5 !y are 9 bloom !y may be id5tifi$ easily by _! long1 loose racemes ( :ite fl[]s & _! op51 co>se gr[?4 ,unlike alfalfa1 ! se$s are ord9>ily f\nd s+ly 9 ! pods4 ,two se$s may occasionally be f\nd1 & v r>ely ?ree1 9 a s+le pod4 ,,/ra9s ,,( ,,:ite ,,sweet ,,clov]4 ,a numb] ( diff]5t /ra9s ( :ite sweet clov] are to be f\nd 9 ! av]age field1 b mo/ ( !m are n z m>k$ or z conspicu\s z ! diff]5t /ra9s ( r$ clov]4 ,! pr9cipal diff]5ces betwe5 /ra9s ( sweet clov] are 9 leaf9ess1 habit ( gr[?1 & date ( bloom+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4--;,buds produc$ on ! cr[n ( a sweet-clov] plant at ! end ( ! fir/ season's gr[?4 ,^! buds w produce ! fir/ crop ! second season4 ,occasional plants are especially heavy se$ produc]s & be> _m pods conta9+ m ?an "o se$4 ,o!r plants bloom e>li] ?an ! av]age date = :ite sweet clov]1 & x may be possible by select+ su* /ra9s to f9d "o :i* matures e>ly en\gh to produce two crops a season at high altitudes 9 ! nor!rn sections ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,fields ( an exceptionally e>ly bloom+ /ra9 7 f\nd 9 ,ill9ois1 ,i[a1 & ,nor? ,dakota 9 ! summ] ( #aiaf4 ,! plants 7 diff]5t 9 type ( gr[? f ! ord9>y :ite sweet clov]1 be+ mo/ conspicu\s f ! fact t !y 7 9 bloom dur+ ! fir/ week ( ,june1 :i* is at lea/ ?ree weeks e>li] ?an ! ord9>y species %\ld bloom 9 ^! localities4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4--,root ( :ite sweet clov] 7on ! left7 & ( bi5nial yell[ sweet clov] 7on ! "r74 ,^! roots 7 collect$ on ,octob] #bh1 #aiae1 at ,arl+ton1 ,va41 f adjac5t plats se$$ to cuts & sweet clov] on ,april #aj1 #aiae4 ,note ! diff]5ce 9 ! size ( ! roots4 ,tub]cles are pres5t on ! "r-h& side ( ea* root4 ,an annual :ite-fl[]$ sweet clov] 0 f\nd 9 sev]al localities 9 ! fall ( #aiaf4 ,! se$ :i* produc$ ^! plants 0 gr[n 9 ,alabama4 ,^! plants resembl$ ,melilotus alba 9 mo/ respects except t !y 7 /rictly annual4 ,!y fl[]$ & matur$ se$ abundantly 9 ,s\? ,dakota & ,nor? ,dakota4 ,x has n be5 det]m9$ :e!r ?is is a di/9ct species or m]ely an annual /ra9 ( ! species m5tion$4 ,,bi5nial ,,yell[ ,,sweet ,,clov]4 ,bi5nial yell[ sweet clov] ord9>ily is ref]r$ to 9 ! se$ trade & among f>m]s 9 regions :]e x is gr[n simply z yell[ sweet clov]4 ,! plants ( ?is species are some:at m decumb5t ! fir/ ye>1 & ord9>ily ) m deeply not*$ leaves ?an ! :ite-fl[]+ species4 ,yell[ sweet clov] usually gr[s f #c to #e feet 9 height4 ,?is plant blooms f #aj to #ad days e>li] ?an ! :ite species1 & = ?is reason x is advisable to s[ se$ ( bo? plants :5 !y are to be us$ = bee pa/urage4 ,on acc\nt ( ! f9] /ems ( yell[ sweet clov] x is pref]r$ 9 "s localities = hay1 b s9ce x does n produce z mu* =age z :ite sweet clov] & !re is mu* less dem& = ! se$1 x con/itutes only a v small p]c5tage ( ! total acreage4 ,! mu* l>g] root gr[? ( ! :ite species1 z illu/rat$ 9 figure #e1 is desirable because ( ! additional quantity ( hummus add$ to ! soil4 ,! se$s ( ! yell[ species may usually be di/+ui%$ f ^? ( o!r species1 z "s ( !m are slightly mottl$ ) purple4 ,! %ape ( ! calyx1 :i* is g5]ally pres5t on unhull$ se$1 & ! v5ation ( ! se$ pods also di/+ui% x4 7,see fig1 #a47 ,,annual ,,yell[ ,,sweet ,,clov]4 ,annual yell[ sweet clov]1 m commonly kn[n z s\r clov] or bitt] clov]1 is f\nd *iefly 9 ! ,s\? & ,s\?we/4 ,?is plant is consid]$ a noxi\s we$ 9 gra9 fields ?r\gh\t ! ,s\?we/4 ,x is claim$ t ! flavor ( ! se$ :i* is imp>t$ to :eat c n be remov$4 ,bak]s decid$ly object to ?is flavor1 /at+ t x injures bread4 ,s\r clov] is gr[n r ext5sively z a gre5-manure crop 9 or*>ds 9 portions ( ,arizona & s\!rn ,cali=nia & :5 prop]ly h&l$ 9 ^! regions x has giv5 pr(itable results4 ,z ! se$ is obta9$ f ! scre5+s ( :eat1 x is (f]$ on ! m>ket at a v l[ price4 ,occasionally x is sold = ! yell[ bi5nial sweet clov]4 ,se$ ( ?is plant %\ld n be s[n 9 any "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates except ! extreme ,s\? or ,s\?we/1 & !n only z a gre5 hay manure crop4 ,:]e x is desir$ to plant sweet clov] = pa/urage or = ! bi5nial :ite or bi5nial yell[ species %\ld be us$4 ,,o!r ,,species ,,( ,,sweet ,,clov]4 ,?irte5 species ( sweet clov] h be5 te/$ by ! ,(fice ( ,=age-,crop ,inve/igations to det]m9e _! economic value4 ,) ! exception ( :ite sweet clov]1 yell[ bi5nial sweet clov]1 & yell[ annual sweet clov]1 b f\r species 9 ! some:at limit$ te/s h giv5 suffici5tly good results to m]it special att5tion1 & none h s f> prov$ sup]ior to :ite sweet clov]1 :i* is n[ ext5sively gr[n 9 _m ,/ates4 ,a species ( ,trigonella#d is (t5 ref]r$ to z blue-fl[]$ melilotus or blue-fl[]$ sweet clov]4 ,:ile ?is plant is closely relat$ to ! plants belong+ to ! g5us ,melilotus1 x does n belong to ?is g5us & !re=e %\ld n be call$ sweet clov]4 ,x is an erect1 q leafy1 v fragrant annual1 :i* produces a fair gr[?4 ,x may prove ( value z a gre5-manure crop or z a cat* crop "u c]ta9 conditions1 b at ! pres5t "t x is n to be recomm5d$ :]e sweet clov] c be gr[n successfully4 ,9 mo/ te/s ,trigonella has produc$ less =age ?an ! bett] species ( sweet clov]4 #d ,trigonella ca]ulea4 ,,hi/ory4 ,sweet clov] has be5 us$ z a honey plant & = =age & gre5-manure = m ?an #b1jjj ye>s 9 ! ,m$it]ranean region1 al?\gh x has nev] be5 consid]$ ( mu* importance4 ,! fir/ au!ntic report ( sweet clov] 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 9 #agci1 :5 ,gronovius /at$ 9 8 ,flora ,virg9ica t x 0 collect$ by ,clayton4 ,cutl] report$ its pres5ce 9 ,new ,engl& z e>ly z #aghe1 & ,pur% 9 #ahad /at$ 9 8 ,flora ,am]ic ,sept5trionulis t x is f\nd on ! gravelly %ores ( riv]s f ,p5nsylvania to ,virg9ia4 ,elliott report$ ! pres5ce ( yell[ bi5nial sweet clov] 9 8 ,sket* ( ! ,botany ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia 9 #ahbd1 & ,beck f\nd ! species ,melilotus leucan?a#e 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates 9 #ahcc4 #e ,und\bt$ly mean+ ,melilotus alba4 ,9 #ahef ,pr(4 ,tutwill]1 ( ,gre5 ,spr+s ,academy1 ,ala41 receiv$ a small quantity ( :ite sweet-clov] se$ f ! secret>y to ! ,unit$ ,/ates consul 9 ,*ile4 ,"p ( ?is se$ 0 plant$ by a "y man nam$ ,/5dwick on 8 fa!r's plantation on ! prairie lime/one belt1 :]e x fl\ri%$4 ,?is plantation lat] became ! prop]ty ( ,j4 ,t4 ,coll9s :o1 realiz+ ! value ( ?is plant1 sold se$ to p]sons 9 _m ,/ates4 ,n until rec5tly has sweet clov] be5 gr[n to any ext5t z a cultivat$ crop 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,,di/ribution4 ,:ile sweet clov] is to be f\nd gr[+ 9 _m c\ntries & on all ! cont95ts ( ! _w1 x is native to temp]ate ,europe & ,asia z f> ea/ z ,tibet4 ,x is gr[n to a limit$ ext5t 9 ,engl&1 :ile 9 ! ea/]n "p ( ,scotl& a small quantity is consid]$ valuable 9 hay on acc\nt ( its agreeable odor4 ,! fam\s ,cruy]e *eese ( ,switz]l& owes its flavor to yell[ sweet clov]4 ,9 ,g]many x has giv5 v good results :5 us$ z a gre5-manure1 :ile 9 p>ts ( ,russian ,pol& & ,au/ria-,hung>y x is gr[n z a gre5-manure1 pa/urage1 & hay crop on poor soils4 ,?is plant is us$ = =age & z a soil-improv+ crop 9 ! c5tral prov9ces ( ,india1 :ile s\r clov]1 commonly ref]r$ to z ,melilotus p>viflora1 is cr$it$ ) furni%+ #ge p] c5t ( ! fe$ = ! cattle ( ,k+ ,isl&1 ,tasmania1 :i* produce ! be/ beef & butt] sold on ! ,tasmania m>ket4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4--,outl9e map ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 %[+ ! localities :]e sweet clov] is gr[n = =age or = gre5-manure4 ,ea* dot or circle indicates a c\nty :]e #ej acres or m is gr[n "u cultivation4 ,! solid dots repres5t :ite or yell[ sweet clov]2 ! circles repres5t annual yell[ sweet clov]4 ,at ! pres5t "t sweet clov] is gr[n r ext5sively z a field crop 9 ! lime/one regions ( ,alabama1 ,mississippi1 & ,k5tucky1 9 nor!rn ,ill9ois1 & ?r\gh\t ! we/]n ,nor?-,c5tral & ,m\nta9 ,/ates 7fig4 #f73 9 fact1 x is gr[n z a cultivat$ crop to "s ext5t 9 ne>ly e ,/ate 9 ! ,union4 ,comp>atively little sweet-clov] se$ is s[n 9 ! ,atlantic ,coa/ ,/ates1 s9ce !re ! soils are = ! mo/ "p acid1 & heavy applications ( lime w be necess>y be=e sweet clov] c be gr[n successfully4 ,x is que/ionable :e!r ?is plant w ev] be ( mu* importance 9 ! ,s\? ,atlantic ,/ates1 z c[peas1 soy beans1 & crimson clov] w make a fair gr[? on ^? soils 9 _! pres5t condition4 ,! acreage ( sweet clov] probably w increase 9 ! ,new ,engl& ,/ates1 :]e x %\ld prove ( value z pa/urage & z a soil-improv+ crop on soils :]e r$ clov] no long] c be gr[n4 ,sweet clov] gr[s abundantly 9 ! lime/one regions ( nor?we/]n ,new ,york4 ,a mu* l>g] acreage ( sweet clov] is gr[n 9 nor!rn ,ill9ois ?an 9 any o!r ( ! ea/]n ,nor?-,c5tral ,/ates4 ,! conditions 9 ! we/]n ,nor?-,c5tral ,/ates & 9 ! ,m\nta9 ,/ates appe> to be p>ticul>ly adapt$ to ?is crop4 ,x is 9 t "p ( ! c\ntry t ! l>ge/ acreage is f\nd1 &1 ) ! exception ( ! lime/one regions ( ! ,s\?1 t ! lea/ difficulty is exp]i5c$ 9 obta9+ a /&4 ,9 ^? p>ts ( ! ,m\nta9 & ,pacific ,coa/ ,/ates1 especially ,utah1 :]e x has n be5 te/$ c>efully or :]e r$ clov] or alfalfa c be gr[n successfully1 sweet clov] is look$ ^u z a we$4 ,x may rightly be consid]$ a we$ 9 ! irrigat$ regions ( ! ,we/ & ,nor?we/1 :]e x gr[s luxuriantly on dit* ,banks4 ,! dissem9ation ( ?is plant 9 all p>ts ( ! c\ntry has be5 ha/5$ by beekeep]s :o h se$$ x 9 wa/e places = ! production ( honey4 ,,climatic ,,adaptations4 ,sweet clov] is adapt$ to a wid] range ( climatic conditions ?an any ( ! true clov]s & possibly alfalfa2 9 fact1 x may be gr[n successfully 9 any portion ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates except1 p]haps1 ,florida1 & 9 ,florida trials ) bi5nial yell[ sweet clov]1 annual sweet clov]1 & ,melilotus suaveol5s h be5 successful4 ,app>5tly nei!r ! high temp]atures ( ! ,s\? nor ! cold w9t]s ( ! ,nor? sev]ely affect ! plants1 provid$ !re is suffici5t moi/ure 9 ! soil4 ,comp>atively little w9t]kill+ is exp]i5c$ 9 ,montana1 ,wyom+1 ,idaho1 & ,nor? ,dakota :5 ! se$ is s[n 9 close drills or broadca/$4 ,al?\gh approximately #ej p] c5t ( ! sweet clov] se$$ 9 r[s #c feet ap>t at ,moccas91 ,mont41 0 kill$ by ! unusually sev]e w9t] ( #aiae-af1 no w9t]kill+ 0 not$ 9 plats se$$ 9 close drills4 ,sweet clov] ?rives 9 ! m humid p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 z well z 9 ! semi>id regions :]e ! ra9fall is b ?ree-fif?s ( t requir$ = ! normal gr[? ( su* crops z r$ clov] & timo?y4 ,9 ! semi>id regions ( ! ,we/ sweet clov] has prov$ to be some:at m dr\ght resi/ant ?an alfalfa4 ,,requirem5ts ,,= ,,obta9+ ,a ,,/&4 ,! requirem5ts = obta9+ a /& ( sweet clov] are some:at exact+4 ,x is = ?is reason t s _m failures h be5 exp]i5c$4 ,x mu/ n be assum$1 because sweet clov] is f\nd gr[+ luxuriantly 9 _m wa/e places & on uncultivat$ l&1 t a /& may be obta9$ by plant+ x at any "t ( ! ye>1 9 any mann]1 & "u all conditions4 ,?r\gh\t ! ea/]n & s\!rn portions ( ! c\ntry1 ) ! exception ( a few regions ri* 9 lime/one1 mu* c>e mu/ be us$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ! se$ b$1 ! selection ( se$1 & ! mann] ( se$+ if success is to be expect$4 ,= ?is reason x is necess>y to und]/& fully ! requirem5ts = obta9+ & ma9ta9+ a successful /&4 ,,soils ,,suitable ,,= ,,sweet ,,clov]4 ,sweet clov] ?rives on ! adobe & granitic soils ( ! ,pacific coa/2 ^u ! gumbo1 h>dpan1 prairie1 & s&y soils ( ! we/]n ,nor?-,c5tral ,/ates2 & ^u ! heavy clay1 loam1 lime/one1 & s&y soils ( ! ,s\? & ,ea/4 ,9 fact1 x has be5 gr[n successfully on all ! pr9cipal soil types ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates :]e ! soils 7 n acid & 7 well inoculat$4 ,x gr[s luxuriantly on ! ,selma *alk 7rott5-lime/one7 soils ( ,alabama & ^u soils ri* 9 calcium c>bonate 9 _m p>ts ( ! c\ntry :]e ! lack ( nitrog5 & humus has caus$ l>ge numb]s ( f>ms to be ab&on$4 ,! plants ?rive on newly expos$ heavy clay soils & ^u /eep embankm5ts :]e little else w gr[4 ,sweet clov] is m tol]ant ( poor dra9age1 ov]fl[1 & seepage conditions ?an alfalfa4 ,9 irrigat$ sections1 especially :]e ! res]voir sy/em is 9 use1 l>ge bodies ( l& are likely to become useless = ! gr[? ( alfalfa because ( ! ris+ ( ! wat] table4 ,on su* areas sweet clov] w make a vigor\s gr[?4 ,h[ev]1 maximum gr[? is to be expect$ only on well-dra9$ soil4 ,sweet clov] w d well on _m soils :i* are n f]tile en\gh to gr[ r$ clov] or alfalfa1 & x is on ^! soils t x w prove mo/ valuable4 ,l _m o!r plants1 x makes its be/ gr[? on f]tile soils ri* 9 calcium c>bonate1 al?\gh x w make suffici5t gr[? on poor soils :i* are n acid to w>rant plant+ x on !m4 ,_m hilly pa/ures may pr(itably be se$$ to sweet clov]4 ,x w n only make a valuable addition to ! =age ( ^! pa/ures b w improve ! soil s t grasses w gr[ m abundantly4 ,"s ( ! be/ pa/ures 9 ! ,middle ,we/ are compos$ ( bluegrass1 timo?y1 & sweet clov]4 ,,resi/ance ,,to ,,alkali4 ,sweet clov] gr[s successfully on soils 9 ! ,we/ :i* app>5tly are too alkal9e = gra9s or alfalfa4 ,! ,wyom+ ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation reports t x has obta9$ good yields ( sweet clov] on seepage l& :i* is s /rongly alkal9e t no o!r plants except "s ( ! native grasses w survive1 :ile ! ,cali=nia ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation f\nd t sweet clov] w )/& alkali to a rem>kable degree4 ,pr(4 ,f4 ,s4 ,h>ris1 agronomi/ ( ! ,utah ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation at ,logan1 claims t x is "o ( ! mo/ alkali-resi/ant crops gr[n 9 ,utah1 & t 9 & #aiac & #aiad q an indu/ry develop$ 9 "s p>ts ( t ,/ate 9 gr[+ sweet clov] = hay & se$ on l& too alkal9e = o!r crops4 ,9 reply to a circul> lett] on ! culture ( sweet clov]1 approximately #ajj c\nty ag5ts & ext5sive gr[]s ( ?is crop locat$ 9 _m p>ts ( ! ,we/ /ate t ?is plant is "o ( ! mo/ alkali-resi/ant plants gr[n 9 _! respective di/ricts4 ,9 ,crook ,c\nty1 ,oreg41 a good /& 0 obta9$ f ,april se$+ 9 #aiae on a #bj-;acre demon/ration field ( s&y loam bottom l& s /rongly alkal9e f black alkali t only salt grass 0 gr[+ on x be=e x 0 plant$ to sweet clov]4 ,?is field pa/ur$ f #ah to #bh head ( calves1 c[s1 & horses f ,june #a to ,octob] #a )\t be+ irrigat$4 ,sweet clov] g5]ally w gr[ on soils :]e salt grass#f w survive1 & x is v mu* sup]ior to ?is grass z pa/ure4 ,aft] ! dra9age ( wat]-logg$ l& on :i* !re is a surface accumulation ( alkali1 x is ! common practice 9 p>ts ( ,utah to gr[ sweet clov] = sev]al ye>s be=e plant+ alfalfa4 ,x is (t5 /at$ t alkali l& w gr[ less tol]ant crops aft] sweet clov] has be5 gr[n on x = a few ye>s4 ,! long roots w op5 up ! subsoil & cause bett] dra9age1 !reby af=d+ an excell5t means = remov+ ! salts f ! soil1 z !y are readily soluble 9 wat]4 #f ,di/i*lis spicata4 ,,ne$ ,,( ,,lime ,,on ,,acid ,,soils4 ,sweet clov]1 l _m o!r legumes1 requires a soil conta9+ an abundance ( lime/one if a maximum gr[? is to be expect$4 ,?r\gh\t ! _w x makes a luxuriant gr[? only on calc>e\s soils4 ,on ! black prairie lime/one soils ( ,alabama & ,mississippi x gr[s luxuriantly1 al?\gh 9 ?is region x is v seldom f\nd on ! outcropp+s ( r$ clay1 :i* are acid4 ,! di/ribution corresponds %>ply ) ! l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 ! black prairie soils & o!r soil types4 ,9 "s places sweet clov] makes a vigor\s gr[? on ! ,selma *alk 7rott5-lime/one7 soils1 :ile none is to be f\nd on r$ po/-oak clay b a few y>ds away2 yet sweet clov] w gr[ on ! r$ po/-oak clay aft] ! soil has receiv$ an application ( lime4 ,x w ?rive on ! bald lime-rock spots & rott5-lime/one hills ( ,mississippi1 :i* are s b>r5 t practically no o!r plants w survive4 ,?us x appe>s t lime is ess5tial = ! maximum gr[? ( sweet clov] 9 ?is ,region4 ,! reason = ! exceptional gr[? ( sweet clov] 9 nor?-c5tral ,k5tucky is und\bt$ly ! fact t ^! soils conta9 an abundant supply ( lime/one4 ,! ,k5tucky ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation /ates t ?is area is ! only portion ( ! ,/ate :]e sweet clov] is be+ gr[n ) g5]al success )\t apply+ lime4 ,soils on :i* sweet clov] is aggressive are almo/ inv>iably alkal9e or b slightly acid4 ,?is plant is (t5 f\nd 9 valleys ( /reams 9 localities :]e ! soils are suppos$ly acid1 b su* /reams g5]ally h _! orig9 9 lime/one areas or fl[ ?r\gh lime/one regions1 & calcium c>bonate is ?us deposit$ 9 ^! valleys dur+ flood p]iods ) ! s$im5t>y deposits f flood wat]s4 ,sweet clov] (t5 appe>s 9 deep cuts along highways or railroads 9 localities :]e ! soil is kn[n to be acid & :]e sweet clov] has n previ\sly gr[n4 ,9 _m ( ^! cuts ! acid soil has be5 remov$ & neutral or alkal9e subsoil expos$1 or lime/one has be5 us$ 9 balla/+ or road mak+ & ! du/ has bl[n on ! expos$ soil4 ,x is a v common occurr5ce to f9d sweet clov] mak+ an abundant gr[? along macadamiz$ roads f :i* ! w9d has scatt]$ ! f9ely pulv]iz$ lime/one4 ,an application ( burnt lime or f9ely gr\nd lime/one has made ! diff]5ce betwe5 success & failure 9 mo/ exp]im5ts :i* h ?us f> be5 conduct$ on decid$ly acid soils4 7,fig4 #g47 ,a numb] ( sweet-clov] exp]im5ts 7 p]=m$ on acid soils & on adjac5t plats or fields ( ! same type ( soil t _h receiv$ applications ( lime/one v>y+ f #a to #d tons to ! acre4 ,!re 0 a m>k$ diff]5ce 9 ! /&s obta9$ & 9 ! gr[? ( ! plants on ! lim$ & unlim$ areas4 ,9 "s cases ! diff]5ce 9 gr[? 0 s m>k$ t ! la/ r\nd ( ! lime spread] c\ld be di/+ui%$ at "s di/ance f ! plats4 ,! /&s 7 mu* heavi] on ! lim$ areas & ! plants made f two to ?ree times m gr[? ?an ^? on ! unlim$ plats4 ,yields ( hay 7 d\bl$ on soils t receiv$ only suffici5t lime/one to neutralize ! acids 9 ! surface soil1 al?\gh ! yields 7 fur!r increas$ :5 m lime/one 0 add$4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,e4 ,watk9s1 c\nty ag5t ( ,all5 ,c\nty1 ,kans41 made c\nts ( ! numb] ( plants :i* w9t]kill$ dur+ ! w9t] ( #aiad-ae on giv5 areas ( lim$ & unlim$ soil4 ,x 0 f\nd t f #ae to #ce p] c5t m plants w9t]kill$ on ! unlim$ soil ?an on ! lim$ areas4 ,t portion ( ! unlim$ field on :i* ! fewe/ plants w9t]kill$ 0 f\nd to h ! l[e/ lime requirem5t4 ,on ! unlim$ areas ) a l[ lime requirem5t #ae p] c5t m plants w9t]kill$ ?an on ! lim$ areas2 on ^? ) a high lime requirem5t ! increase 9 w9t]kill+ 0 #cc p] c5t4 ,9 ! fall ( #aiad ! hay cut f ! lim$ areas exce$$ t f ! areas ) a l[ lime requirem5t by #fjj p\nds p] acre & exce$$ t f ! areas ( high lime requirem5t by #d1jjj p\nds p] acre4 ,9 ,july1 #aiae1 ! increase 9 hay yield on ! lim$ areas ov] t f ! areas ) a l[ & ) a high lime requirem5t 0 #b1cjj & #i1djj p\nds p] acre1 respectively4 ,! area ( high lime requirem5t return$ a small yield 9 #aiad & no hay 9 #aiae4 ,9 spite ( ! fact t sweet clov] is z s5sitive to soil acidity z r$ clov] or alfalfa1 a l>ge p]c5tage ( ! acreage ?us f> se$$ 9 ! ea/]n half ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates has be5 compos$ ( acid soils1 & ?is soil acidity und\bt$ly is responsible = a v l>ge p]c5tage ( ! failures ) sweet clov] 9 ?is section4 ,:]e sweet clov] is to be s[n on acid soils a suffici5t quantity ( lime %\ld fir/ be appli$ to at lea/ neutralize ! fields 9 ! soil to a dep? ( #f in*es4 ,an application ( #a ton ( burnt lime or #b tons ( f9ely gr\nd lime/one w usually be suffici5t = ?is purpose4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g4--,sweet-clov] plants1 %[+ ! effect ( lime ^u _! gr[?4 ,! plants at ! left repres5t ! av]age gr[? on ! unlim$ portion ( a field2 ! plants at ! "r %[ ! av]age gr[? on ! lim$ "p ( ! same field4 ,fields h be5 not$ :]e sweet clov] 0 mak+ a fair gr[? on app>5tly acid soils4 ,su* fields usually are ri* 9 humus or phosphorus & are exceptional cases r ?an ! rule4 ,soil types :i* h slightly acid surface soils & alkal9e subsoils w gr[ sweet clov] successfully1 provid$ ! acid soil is n m ?an #f to #ab in*es 9 dep?4 ,,f]tiliz]s4 ,ow+ to ! fact t sweet clov] ?rives on ! b>r5 ,selma *alk 7rott5-lime/one7 hills ( ,alabama & ,mississippi & gr[s abundantly on worn-out1 ab&on$ l& 9 nor?-c5tral ,k5tucky1 x is (t5 assum$ t x w gr[ on soils too deplet$ 9 plant food to produce o!r crops4 ,^! regions repres5t soils :i* h become exhau/$ prim>ily 9 nitrog5 & humus z ! result ( cont9u\s cropp+ ) nonlegum9\s plants4 ,"s ( ^! soils conta9 suffici5t phosphorus & potassium = fair crop production1 al?\gh ?is supply may be 9 su* a condition t x w n become available fa/ en\gh to supply ! ne$s ( mo/ crops4 ,sweet clov]1 l all legumes1 has ! p[] to extract nitrog5 f ! atmosph]e1 & on acc\nt ( its ext5sive root sy/em x is able to obta9 phosphorus & potassium f a l>g] area ?an mo/ plants4 ,! l>ge roots n only add a quantity ( humus & nitrog5 to ! soil b !y also op5 x up to a consid]able dep?1 ?us provid+ bett] a]ation & improv+ its physical condition4 ,improv$ physical condition causes ! bact]ial flora to increase & !reby indirectly causes a l>g] quantity ( unavailable phosphorus & potassium to be made available = plant use4 ,on soils :i* are kn[n to be l[ 9 phosphorus or potassium an application ( f]tiliz] conta9+ ! necess>y elem5t %\ld be made :5 sweet clov] is s[n )\t a nurse crop4 ,h[ev]1 :5 x is s[n ) a nurse crop or 9 ! late summ] or e>ly fall on gra9 /ubble1 ! residues left 9 ! soil f f]tiliz]s appli$ to ! nurse crop w1 "u ord9>y conditions1 be suffici5t = ! plants4 ,t sweet clov] w respond readily to applications ( phosphorus on soils l[ 9 ?is elem5t has be5 well demon/rat$ by ! f>m]s ( ,liv+/on ,c\nty1 ,ill4 ,9 ?is c\nty f9ely gr\nd rock phosphate 0 appli$ to a portion ( a numb] ( fields at ! rate ( #a1ejj to #b1jjj p\nds p] acre4 ,! phosphate 0 ?or\ghly incorporat$ ) ! soil j be=e se$+ oats & sweet clov]4 ,9 ! gr[? ( sweet clov] !re 0 a m>k$ diff]5ce ! foll[+ ye> betwe5 ! treat$ & untreat$ portions ( ! fields4 ,^? portions ( ! fields :i* receiv$ an application ( phosphate n only conta9$ _m m plants on a giv5 area1 b ! vigor & gr[? ( ! plants 7 mo/ m>k$4 ,on ,june #a ! plants on ! treat$ areas 7 #ab to #ae in*es tall] ?an ^? on ! untreat$ p>ts ( ! fields4 ,?is diff]5ce 9 ! ?ickness ( /& & ! height ( plants 0 s /rik+ t ! la/ r\nd ( ! phosphate spread] 0 pla9ly di/+ui%able4 ,yields ( sweet-clov] hay h be5 increas$ z mu* z #b tons p] acre f applications ( b>ny>d manure4 ,su* an increas$ yield w\ld be equal approximately to #h tons ( gre5-manure4 ,"s p may consid] x poor f>m practice to apply manure to su* crops z sweet clov]1 b x is v probable t ! cumulative effect ( ! increas$ yields ( ! foll[+ crops1 especially on soils l[ 9 organic matt]1 w be great] ?an if ! manure is appli$ to o!r crops4 ,heavy applications ( manure to ! prec$+ crop %\ld also greatly b5efit sweet clov]4 ,,use ,,( ,a ,,nurse ,,crop4 ,if sweet clov] is to become an important crop ?r\gh\t ! ,nor?-,c5tral ,/ates x mu/ necess>ily be se$$ ) gra94 ,good success has be5 obta9$ by se$+ sweet clov] 9 ! spr+ on w9t] gra9 or ) spr+ gra9 on soil t 0 inoculat$ & n acid4 ,se$ may be broadca/$ 9 ! e>ly spr+ on w9t] gra9 :5 ! gr\nd is 9 a honeycomb$ condition1 or x may be s[n lat] :5 ! gr\nd may be cultivat$4 ,a l>ge acreage ( sweet clov] is s[n 9 ! we/]n ,nor?-,c5tral ,/ates & 9 ,ill9ois 9 ! spr+ ) oats1 b>ley1 or :eat z a nurse crop4 ,e>ly v>ieties ( oats & spr+ :eat h giv5 some:at bett] results 9 portions ( ! ,nor?we/ ?an b>ley4 ,9 ,ill9ois oats are us$ almo/ entirely4 ,only a few fields 7 not$ :]e flax _h be5 us$ z a nurse crop1 b 9 ^! fields x 0 successful4 ,9 wet seasons ! sweet clov] may make a gr[? suffici5tly l>ge to int]f]e s]i\sly ) h>ve/+ ! flax4 ,on ?is acc\nt ?is comb9ation %\ld be te/$ ?or\ghly 9 an exp]im5tal way be=e be+ recomm5d$ = g5]al field practice4 ,9 ^? sections ( ! c\ntry :]e ! moi/ure supply is limit$1 sweet clov] %\ld be s[n )\t a nurse crop4 ,failure to obta9 a /& is m likely to occur :5 ! se$ is s[n ) gra9 ?an :5 x is s[n alone1 because dur+ dry wea!r1 :i* is likely to occur :5 ! gra9 is matur+1 ! supply ( moi/ure 9 ! soil is apt to be insuffici5t = bo? crops4 ,:5 ?is condition prevails ! clov] w suff] badly & 9 "s cases be kill$4 ,:5 sweet clov] is s[n ) a nurse crop x is /rongly recomm5d$ t ! gra9 be se$$ at n m ?an two-?irds ! usual rate4 ,?is w give ! sweet clov] a mu* bett] *ance ?an :5 a full se$+ is made4 ,:5 sev]e dr\ghts occur x may be necess>y to cut ! gra9 = hay if ! /& is to be sav$4 ,,*oice ,,( ,,se$4 ,on acc\nt ( ! l[ g]m9ation ( mu* ( ! sweet-clov] se$ (f]$ = sale x is v important t se$ be te/$ = g]m9ation be=e plant+4 ,l[ g]m9ation usually is due to ! fact t _m ( ! se$s rema9 h>d aft] !y h be5 9 ! g]m9ator or soil = a mon? or m4 ,! se$ coats ( h>d sweet-clov] se$s become p]meable to wat] v sl[ly1 if at all1 9 /orage4 ,! g]m9ation ( su* se$s is greatly increas$1 h[ev]1 :5 !y are subject$ = a "t to alt]nat+ temp]atures1 su* z freez+ & ?aw+4 ,x is on ?is acc\nt t unhull$ se$1 :i* g]m9ates poorly 9 ! laboratory1 (t5 w produce good /&s :5 s[n dur+ ! w9t]4 ,:5 sweet clov] is to be s[n 9 ! spr+ x is v important t only hull$ se$ :i* g]m9ates #ge p] c5t or m be s[n4 ,z expla9$ lat] "u ! head+ ,se$+1 unhull$ se$ :i* has a l[ g]m9ation %\ld be us$ = se$+ only dur+ ! w9t] mon?s1 s t !re w be suffici5t "t = ! alt]nat+ temp]atures ( w9t] & e>ly spr+ to cause x to g]m9ate dur+ favorable wea!r4 ,hull$ se$ usually g]m9ates mu* bett] ?an unhull$ se$1 z is %[n 9 ,table ,i4 ,table ,i4--,g]m9ation & h>d se$ cont5t ( samples ( sweet-clov] se$1 hull$1 & unhull$1 f diff]5t s\rces4 ,av]age p]c5tage (-- ,numb] ( ,description4 samples4 ,g]m9ation4 ,h>d ,se$4 --------------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ,k9d ( se$3 ,hull$ #bcg #ec4be #ah4g ,unhull$ #de #aa4h #gj4i ,s\rce ( se$3 ,s\!rn #bb #ad #fj ,nor!rn #bb #cg #dc ,import$ #bh #ef #ab ,table ,i %[s t nor!rn-gr[n se$ g]m9ates bett] ?an nor!rn-gr[n se$ & import$ se$ bett] ?an ei!r4 ,! l[ g]m9ation ( ! s\!rn-gr[n se$ is probably due to ! fact t a v l>ge p]c5tage ( x is flail$ out & s[n 9 ! hull4 ,nor!rn-gr[n se$ g5]ally is ?ra%$ ) ei!r a gra9 sep>ator or a clov] hull]4 ,import$ se$ always is hull$4 ,9 hull+ se$ ! rasps or concaves ( ! ma*9es scrat* ! se$ coats suffici5tly to p]mit wat] to p5etrate !m1 s t ! g]m9ation is greatly increas$4 ,app>5tly !re is no reason :y s\!rn-gr[n se$ :5 x is prop]ly hull$ %\ld n g]m9ate z well z nor!rn-gr[n se$4 ,s9ce ! ,ames sc>ify+ ma*9e 7fig4 #h7g has be5 plac$ on ! m>ket1 x is possible to buy sc>ifi$ se$4 ,?is ma*9e is s con/ruct$ t ! se$ is =c$ ?r\gh a conveyor1 "p ( :i* is cov]$ ) s&pap]4 ,:5 ! se$ comes 9 contact ) ! s&pap] x is scrat*$1 s t wat] w p5etrate ! se$ coats4 ,:5 ?is ma*9e is run prop]ly ! g]m9ation ( se$ is greatly increas$1 b :5 c>elessly op]at$ g]m9ation may be less5$1 z _m ( ! se$s may be brok54 #g ,?is ma*9e 0 inv5t$ by ,pr(4 ,h4 ,d4 ,hughes1 ( ! ,i[a ,/ate ,college at ,ames4 ,a ,unit$ ,/ates pat5t cov]+ ?is device has be5 issu$ & d$icat$ to ! free use ( ! public4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h4--;,ames hull+ & sc>ify+ ma*9e4 ,! ret>d$ g]m9ation ( sweet-clov] se$ may be ov]come by soak+ x 9 comm]cial conc5trat$ sulphuric acid = #bj m9utes4 ,x %\ld !n be wa%$ quickly1 us+ runn+ wat] if possible1 z sulphuric acid becomes v hot :5 mix$ ) small proportions ( wat]4 ,a great deal ( wat] !re=e is necess>y 9 ord] to less5 ! dang] ( burn+4 ,! se$ %\ld be dri$ quickly by spread+ x out on a floor or canvas1 & x %\ld be /irr$ at int]vals4 ,unhull$ se$ %\ld nev] be treat$ ) sulphuric acid4 ,:5 only a small quantity ( sulphuric acid comes 9 contact ) ! hulls a v high temp]ature w result & ! se$ w be kill$4 ,! treatm5t ( se$ ) sulphuric acid = se$+ on a field scale is n to be recomm5d$1 9 view ( ! fact t z good or bett] results may be obta9$ by us+ sc>ifi$ se$4 ,x is v important t se$ ( ! desir$ species be obta9$4 ,_m lots ( sweet-clov] se$ (f]$ = sale on ! m>ket consi/ ( mixtures ( ! yell[ & :ite species1 & _m samples also are adult]at$ ) alfalfa4 ,se$ :i* is simply label$ sweet clov] %\ld nev] be pur*as$1 z se$ s label$ may be any "o ( ! sev]al v>ieties (f]$ = sale4 ,x is always be/ to /ate ! specific k9d ( se$ ord]$ & !n submit a sample to ei!r y\r ,/ate ,agricultural exp]im5t ,/ation or "o ( ! se$ laboratories ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture#h = id5tification be=e pur*as+4 #h ,samples ( se$ may be submitt$ = analysis or id5tification to ! ,se$ ,laboratory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture at ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 or to any ( ! foll[+ laboratories ma9ta9$ ?r\gh ! coop]ation ( ! ,dep>tm5t3 ,bran* ,se$-,te/+ ,laboratory1 ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation1 ,columbia1 ,mo42 ,bran* ,se$-,te/+ ,laboratory1 ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation1 ,baton ,r\ge1 la42 ,bran* ,se$-,te/+ ,laboratory1 ,oregon ,agricultural ,college1 ,corvallis1 ,oreg42 ,bran* ,se$-,te/+ ,laboratory1 ,purdue ,univ]sity1 ,la ,fayette1 ,ind42 ,bran* ,se$-,te/+ ,laboratory1 ,cali=nia ,agricultural ,/ation1 ,b]keley1 ,cal4 ,! ,se$ ,laboratory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture dur+ ! w9t] ( #aiae-af obta9$ #agb trade samples ( sweet-clov] se$ &1 z may be se5 f ,table ,,ii1 _m ( ! samples 7 n true to "n4 ,table ,,ii4--,trade samples receiv$ 9 response to reque/s = :ite sweet clov] se$4 ,key to ,columns ,a ,:ite sweet clov]4 ,b ,bi5nial yell[ sweet clov]4 ,c ,:ite & bi5nial yell[ sweet clov]4 ,d ,annual yell[ sweet clov]4 ,numb] ( ,se$ :5 te/$ ,se$ label$-- samples4 f\nd to be-- ,alfalfa &-- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,a ,b ,c ,:ite fl[]+ sweet clov]1 :ite sweet clov]1 or ,holh>a clov]1 or ,melilotus alba4 #adg #ia #aj #bh -- #ac #a #d ,sweet clov] #bb #f #d #b #e #e -- -- ,n label$ #c #a -- -- #b -- -- -- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ,total #agb #ih #ad #cj #g #ah #a #d ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,! ,,se$ ,,b$4 ,sweet clov] requires a well-settl$ & firm se$ b$1 ) j suffici5t loose soil on ! surface to p]mit ! se$ to be well cov]$4 ,:5 ! se$ is s[n 9 ! spr+ on w9t] gra9 ! se$ b$ usually is 9 good condition4 ,at ?is season ( ! ye> ! se$ may be s[n1 s t x w be cov]$ by freez+ & ?aw+ wea!r4 ,x may be s[n also :5 ! gr\nd is 9 condition to cultivate & !n may be h>r[$ or drill$ 94 ,:5 ! se$ is s[n ) spr+ gra9 ! se$ b$ is n z firm z x %\ld be = ! prompt g]m9ation & e/abli%m5t ( ! "y clov] plants4 ,if s[n 9 ?is mann] ! soil %\ld be work$ into a f9e condition & firm$ z mu* z possible4 ,x is good practice to roll ! gr\nd ) a corrugat$ roll] aft] se$+4 ,bett] /&s are usually obta9$ by se$+ on fields t h be5 disk$ & h>r[$ ?an on ^? t h be5 pl[$4 ,:5 sweet clov] is se$$ )\t a nurse crop x %\ld n be s[n on fre%ly pl[$ l& :i* has _h no opportunity to settle4 ,! l& pref]ably %\ld be pl[$ sev]al mon?s be=e ! se$ is to be s[n1 & !n work$ at int]vals ) soil pack]s or h>r[s4 ,d\ble disk+ & h>r[+ j previ\s to se$+ are to be /rongly recomm5d$ 9 pref]5ce to pl[+ at ?is "t4 ,:5 sweet clov] is to be se$$ 9 ! fall on gra9 /ubble1 ! gr\nd %\ld be disk$ & work$ into good condition z soon z ! gra9 c be remov$4 ,if ! se$ is s[n imm$iately ! field %\ld be roll$ aft] se$+4 ,fall-pl[$ gr\nd ord9>ily makes an ideal se$ b$ = spr+ se$+4 ,soil :i* has be5 previ\sly plant$ to a cultivat$ crop1 su* z corn1 is usually put 9 suffici5tly good condition = sweet clov] by disk+4 ,good success has be5 atta9$ by m]ely broadca/+ ! se$ on s&y soil & scrat*+ x 9 ) a h>r[4 ,su* a se$ b$ appe>s to be ideal :5 ! se$ c be cov]$ suffici5tly to insure pl5ty ( moi/ure4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t "y sweet-clov] plants are n dr\ght resi/ant & t e precaution %\ld be tak5 9 seasons ( dr\ght or on laud :i* dr\ght affects badly to s prep>e ! se$ b$ t ! l>ge/ quantity ( moi/ure w be cons]v$4 ,excell5t /&s h be5 obta9$ at times by d\ble-disk+ native prairie sod & ei!r cov]+ ! se$ ) a h>r[ or s[+ x ) a drill4 ,,se$+4 ,! prop] "t to se$ sweet clov] %\ld be det]m9$ by ! g]m9ation ( ! se$1 ! climatic conditions ( ! region1 & ! condition ( ! se$ b$ at ! "t ( s[+4 ,:5 gr[+ "u natural conditions1 se$ :i* has la9 9 ! gr\nd ov] w9t] g]m9ates 9 suffici5t quantity dur+ ! foll[+ spr+ to produce a /&4 ,x is !re=e assum$ t s9ce ?is se$ has pass$ ! w9t] on or 9 ! gr\nd & has produc$ a good /& ! foll[+ spr+1 sweet clov] may be s[n at any "t ( ! ye> & a satisfactory /& obta9$4 ,little is ?\ght ( ! enorm\s numb] ( se$s :i* %att] f a s+le plant & fall on an area n exce$+ #e or #f feet 9 diamet]4 ,s+le plants h produc$ z _m z #cej1jjj se$s 7! approximate numb] 9 #a p\nds71 or ab\t #aj1jjj se$s = ea* squ>e foot ( gr\nd cov]$4 ,x matt]s little h[ _m ( ^! se$s g]m9ate 9 ! fall !y mature or dur+ ! foll[+ w9t]1 :5 ! se$l+s w be kill$ by freez+1 = !re w be en\gh viable se$s left 9 ! gr\nd to g]m9ate :5 conditions are favorable 9 ! spr+4 ,conditions are v diff]5t :5 sweet clov] is s[n on cultivat$ soil at ! rate ( #e to #bj p\nds ( se$ to ! acre--#be to #ajj se$s to ! squ>e foot4 ,:5 ?is quantity is s[n1 x is necess>y t x be plant$ at su* a "t t ! greate/ numb] ( se$s w g]m9ate & produce plants4 ,,hull$ ,,sweet-,,clov] ,,se$4 ,hull$ se$ makes up a l>ge p]c5tage ( ! sweet-clov] se$ s[n4 ,! g]m9ation ( hull$ se$ v>ies consid]ably1 al?\gh ord9>ily x is high] ?an t ( unhull$ se$4 ,se$+ exp]im5ts conduct$ at ,arl+ton1 ,va41 ) se$ :i* g]m9at$ #hj p] c5t %[ cle>ly t se$ :i* g]m9ates well %\ld n be s[n dur+ ! w9t] mon?s 9 ^? sections ( ! c\ntry :]e midw9t] ?aws are likely to occur1 & especially 9 sections s\? ( ! latitude ( s\!rn ,ohio4 ,9 ^! exp]im5ts se$ 0 s[n dur+ ea* mon? ( ! w9t]4 ,good /&s 7 obta9$ only on ^? plats :i* 7 s[n 9 ! latt] "p ( ,febru>y & dur+ ,m>* & ,april4 ,at lea/ #ge p] c5t ( ! se$ s[n dur+ ,novemb]1 ,decemb]1 & ,janu>y g]m9at$ on w>m days dur+ w9t] ?aws & 0 kill$ by lat] cold wea!r4 ,not)/&+ ! fact t sweet-clov] se$l+s w endure fairly l[ temp]atures1 se$ g]m9at+ m ?an #ej p] c5t %\ld n be s[n dur+ ! w9t] mon?s1 & pref]ably n m ?an a week previ\s to ! av]age date = ! la/ sev]e freeze4 ,no data h be5 secur$ on w9t] se$+ 9 ^? portions ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates :]e op5 w9t]s d n occur4 ,x is probable t 9 ^? sections ! w9t]s are suffici5tly cold to prev5t g]m9ation be=e spr+4 ,good results may be obta9$ by w9t] se$+1 b z usually no tr\ble is exp]i5c$ 9 ^? sections 9 obta9+ a /& by se$+ z soon z ! soil c be work$ 9 ! spr+1 x is /rongly recomm5d$ t se$+ be done ) hull$ se$1 :i* g]m9ates well at ?is "t ( ! ye>4 ,_m excell5t /&s h be5 obta9$ by se$+ late 9 ! spr+1 b 9 mo/ sections se$+ at ?is "t is n z c]ta9 to produce a good /& z e>li] se$+4 ,late spr+ se$+ may be pref]able :5 ! gr\nd is we$y & ! clov] is to be se$$ )\t nurse crop4 ,"u ^! circum/ances a crop ( we$s may be de/roy$ be=e se$+4 ,v good success has be5 obta9$ 9 ! ,s\!rn & ,c5tral ,/ates1 & 9 "s ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 by se$+ sweet clov] 9 ! late summ] or e>ly autumn4 ,:5 !re is suffici5t moi/ure 9 ! soil = g]m9ation & :5 good se$ is us$1 bett] /&s h be5 obta9$ by se$+ ab\t eight weeks be=e sev]e fro/s are to be expect$ ?an f spr+ s[+4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly true 9 regions :]e late spr+ dr\ghts or sev]e summ] dr\ghts are likely to occur4 ,se$+ at ?is "t may be done aft] an e>ly crop has be5 h>ve/$ & :5 we$s are n likely to be tr\blesome4 ,plants f fall se$+ mature f #aj days to two weeks lat] ! foll[+ season ?an plants f spr+ s[+ ( ! same ye>4 ,! lat] "t ( matur+ is an advantage1 9 t ! plants w be ready to cut dur+ bett] hay+ wea!r4 ,! root gr[? is n z l>ge f fall se$+ z f spr+ se$+1 & !re=e n q z mu* humus is add$ to ! soil4 ,late fall se$+s are v likely to be injur$ f heav+ on wet clay soils4 ,,unhull$ ,,sweet-,,clov] ,,se$4 ,unhull$ sweet-clov] se$ is s[n pr9cipally 9 ,k5tucky1 ,alabama1 & ,mississippi4 ,on ! lime/one soils ( regions1 :i* appe> to be naturally adapt$ to sweet clov]1 v good results are obta9$ by us+ unhull$ se$4 ,x is n because s\!rn-gr[n unhull$ se$ g]m9ates bett] ?an nor!rn-gr[n unhull$ se$ t bett] /&s are obta9$ 9 ! ,s\? f x1 b x is ma9ly because s\!rn f>m]s bett] und]/& ! some:at exact+ conditions necess>y = obta9+ a /& ) ?is k9d ( se$4 ,unhull$ sweet clov] conta9s a l>ge p]c5tage ( h>d se$s :i* w n g]m9ate until !y h be5 9 ! soil = "s "t & h be5 subject$ to v>y+ temp]atures4 ,se$+ exp]im5ts h be5 conduct$ at ,arl+ton1 ,va41 :]e unhull$ se$ :i* conta9$ #ij p] c5t ( h>d se$ 0 s[n dur+ ea* mon? ( ! w9t]4 ,good /&s 7 obta9$ on ^? plats se$$ at ! rate ( #bd p\nds 7#c pecks7 ( se$ to ! acre dur+ ,decemb] & ,janu>y1 & fair /&s on ! plats se$$ at ?is rate 9 ,febru>y4 ,lat] se$+s fail$ to produce a /&4 ,a l>ge p]c5tage ( ! unhull$ se$ s[n 9 ! ,s\? is se$$ dur+ ,janu>y & ! fir/ "p ( ,febru>y4 ,good /&s are seldom obta9$ f unhull$ se$ s\? ( ! latitude ( ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 :5 ! se$ is s[n lat] ?an ! middle ( ,febru>y4 ,! use ( unhull$ se$ has usually be5 att5d$ ) failure 9 ! nor!rn portion ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 al?\gh occasionally good /&s h be5 obta9$ ! foll[+ spr+ f late fall se$+4 ,?is failure is 9 "p due to ! fact t ! se$ has be5 s[n 9 ! spr+ & at a t9e :5 only se$ g]m9at+ well %\ld be us$4 ,:5 unhull$ se$ is to be s[n nor? ( ! latitude ( ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 x %\ld be s[n n lat] ?an ,febru>y #ae1 & pref]ably e>li]4 ,obs]vations %[ t fairly good /&s may be obta9$ by se$+ dur+ ! w9t]1 b c>e %\ld be tak5 n to s[ se$ e>li] ?an necess>y on l& :i* is subject to wa%+4 ,f>m]s %\ld h no tr\ble 9 pur*as+ hull$ se$1 & !re=e x is recomm5d$ t only hull$ se$ :i* g]m9ates well be s[n4 ,,rate ,,( ,,se$+4 ,! rate at :i* sweet clov] %\ld be se$$ v>ies ) ! g]m9ation ( ! se$1 ! condition ( ! se$ b$1 ! climatic conditions ( ! region1 & ! me?od ( se$+4 ,?r\gh\t ! humid sections ( ! ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates sweet clov] ord9>ily is se$$ at ! rate ( #ae to #bj p\nds ( hull$ se$ to ! acre4 ,f #ab to #ae p\nds %\ld be ample :]e ! se$ b$ is 9 good condition & ! se$ g]m9ates #ge p] c5t or m4 ,9 ,ill9ois1 ! we/]n ,nor?-,c5tral ,/ates1 ! ,m\nta9 ,/ates1 & ! ,pacific ,coa/ ,/ates good /&s are g5]ally obta9$ by s[+ #aj to #ab p\nds ( hull$ se$ to ! acre4 ,9 ea/]n ,wa%+ton x is claim$ t f #e to #h p\nds to ! acre are suffici5t = good /&s4 ,:5 sweet clov] is gr[n "u irrigation1 #h to #aj p\nds ( hull$ se$ usually are suffici5t1 & f #b to #d p\nds p] acre are en\gh :5 se$$ 9 r[s f #b to #d feet ap>t4 ,( unhull$ se$ #c to #f pecks 7#bd to #dh p\nds7 or #bj p\nds ( hull$ se$ are usually s[n 9 ! ,s\? = pa/urage or hay4 ,9 any region at lea/ #aj p\nds m ( ! unhull$ ?an ( hull$ se$ %\ld be s[n to an acre4 ,unless annual yell[ sweet-clov] se$ is ?or\ghly clean$ x %\ld be s[n at ! rate ( #be to #cj p\nds to ! acre4 ,,me?ods ,,( ,,se$+4 ,! me?ods us$ = se$+ r$ clov] or alfalfa 9 any p>ticul> region w be suitable = se$+ sweet clov]4 ,good results h be5 obta9$ by broadca/+ ! se$ on w9t] gra9 9 ! spr+ :5 ! gr\nd is 9 a honeycomb$ condition4 ,p]haps a bett] me?od is to wait until ! gr\nd c be work$ & !n to broadca/ & cov] ! se$ ) a h>r[ or to s[ x ) a drill4 ,unhull$ se$ is usually broadca/$1 s9ce x is necess>y to s[ x be=e ! gr\nd is 9 condition to be work$4 ,unless ! hulls h be5 rubb$ smoo?1 "s difficulty may be exp]i5c$ 9 se$+ x ev5ly ) a drill4 ,:5 sweet clov] is to be s[n ) spr+-se$$ gra9 or :5 x is to lie s[n )\t a nurse crop x may be drill$ 9 or s[n broadca/ & cov]$ ) a h>r[4 ,bett] /&s are g5]ally obta9$ ) a small] quantity ( se$ :5 x is s[n ) ! drill ?an :5 x is broadca/$ on honeycomb$ gr\nd4 ,:5 ! se$ is s[n at ! "t ! gra9 is plant$1 ! grass-se$] atta*m5t ( ! drill commonly is us$4 ,9 "s sections ! end-gate se$] is us$ almo/ entirely4 ,:5 ! se$ is s[n by ei!r ( ^! me?ods x may be se$$ alone or mix$ ) ! gra94 ,:5 only ! clov] se$ is s[n ) a drill1 ! alfalfa & clov] se$ drills are to be pref]r$4 ,sweet-clov] se$ may be mix$ ) "s in]t sub/ance ( approximately ! same size & weight & s[n ) an ord9>y gra9 drill4 ,f9ely crack$ corn1 crack$ :eat1 or co>se bran (t5 are us$ = ?is purpose4 ,:5 "o portion ( sweet clov] is mix$ ) two portions ( a fill] f9d ! drill is set to s[ "o-half bu%el ( :eat1 x w usually s[ f #ae to #bj p\nds ( sweet clov] to ! acre4 ,z ?is quantity w v>y ) ! diff]5t types ( drills1 x is necess>y to te/ ea* drill1 s t ! se$ may be mix$ ) ! fill] 9 su* proportions t ! desir$ quantity w be s[n4 ,! drill may be te/$ by block+ x up1 s t ! ge>$ :eel is (f ! gr\nd1 & ?is :eel may be turn$ a suffici5t numb] ( times to e/abli% a def9ite portion ( an acre4 ,! se$ t runs ?r\gh c !n be weigh$ & ! rate p] acre det]m9$4 ,! rate may be det]m9$ m accurately by plugg+ up ! gra9 tubes or by ty+ a small sack on ea* tube & pull+ ! drill = a specific di/ance ov] ! field to be s[n4 ,! j> ( ! drill w cause x to drop m se$ ?an :5 x is block$ up & run by h&4 ,x is (t5 desir$ to se$ sweet clov] on l& :i* c n be cultivat$4 ,:5 s[n on su* l& x is recomm5d$ t unhull$ se$ or se$ t conta9s a l>ge p]c5tage ( h>d se$ be us$ & t x be broadca/$ dur+ ! w9t]4 ,! subsequ5t freez+ & ?aw+ w cov] _m ( ! se$s & cause !m to g]m9ate4 ,x is a good plan to scatt] 9 deep gulleys mature plants t h n %att]$ all _! se$4 ,! bran*es ( ^! plants w help to hold ! se$ 9 place until x g]m9ates & ! "y plants become e/abli%$4 ,se$ may be scatt]$ on native prairie gr\nd 9 ! late w9t]1 b unless x is trampl$ into ! gr\nd by live /ock disappo9t+ results are likely to be obta9$ at fir/4 ,fair results h be5 secur$ by plant+ se$ ) disk drills on prairie sod aft] x _h be5 d\ble-disk$ 9 ! e>ly spr+4 ,?is me?od %\ld be us$ 9 pref]5ce to broadca/+ ! se$ & dep5d+ on cattle to trample x 94 ,mr4 ,george ,humm]1 ( ,prairie ,po9t1 ,miss41 reports good success 9 8 locality by simply broadca/+ #a peck ( unhull$ se$ on ,b]muda-grass sod n lat] ?an ,janu>y #a4 ,,inoculation4 ,except+ soil acidity1 lack ( inoculation probably is responsible = m failures ) sweet clov] ?an any o!r "o cause4 ,:5 sweet-clov] plants are n inoculat$ !y mu/ dep5d ^u ! available nitrog5 9 ! soil = _! supply1 & z ! crop is gr[n = ! mo/ "p on soils l[ 9 nitrog5 ! plants c n be expect$ to make m ?an a small gr[?4 7,fig4 #i47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #i4--,:ite sweet clov] at ,arl+ton1 ,va41 %[+ ! effect ( inoculation ^u _! gr[?4 ,! plants at ! left repres5t ! av]age gr[? on ! inoculat$ plats2 ^? at ! "r ! av]age gr[? on ! plats n inoculat$4 ,! plats _h be5 previ\sly lim$ & 7 se$$ on ! same date4 ,arny & ,?at*]1 at ! ,m9nesota ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation1 obta9$ #aj times z mu* dry matt] 9 ! tops & sev5 times z mu* 9 ! roots ( sweet-clov] plants :i* _h be5 gr[n on ?or\ghly inoculat$ soil z f plants ,:i* _h be5 gr[n on soil n inoculat$4 ,moreov]1 ! plants gr[n on ! inoculat$ soil conta9$ #aag p\nds m nitrog5 to ! acre ?an ^? gr[n on ! un9oculat$ soil4 ,exp]im5ts 9 _m o!r sections ( ! c\ntry1 & especially 9 ! nor!a/]n qu>t] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :]e b little sweet clov] or alfalfa has ?us f> be5 gr[n1 %[ t inoculation is v ess5tial to success4 ,ord9>ily x is n necess>y to inoculate sweet clov] :5 x is to be plant$ on l& :]e alfalfa1 bur-clov]1 or black m$ic ?rives1 because ! same /ra9 ( inoculat+ g]ms inoculates all ( ^! plants4 ,h[ev]1 :5 ?is clos] is to be plant$ on l& :]e none ( ! plants inoculat$ by ?is /ra9 ( ! organism h be5 gr[n1 inoculation %\ld be provid$4 ,9 localities :]e sweet clov] or o!r plants inoculat$ by ! same /ra9 ( bact]ia ?rive1 ! e>ly gr[? has at times be5 made mu* m vigor\s by inoculat+ ! soil or se$ ?or\ghly4 ,x is n safe to assume t a c]ta9 piece ( soil is inoculat$ because any "o ( ! plants inoculat$ by ! same /ra9 ( ! organism is gr[+ or has be5 gr[n on o!r fields 9 ! same vic9ity4 ,_m fields h come "u obs]vation :]e sweet clov] 0 a failure because ! plants 7 n inoculat$1 :5 plats or fields ( alfalfa gr[+ ne> by 7 abundantly inoculat$4 ,!re are sev]al me?ods ( inoculat+ sweet clov]1 any "o ( :i* :5 prop]ly appli$ %\ld give good results4 ,,! ,,soil-,,transf] ,,me?od4 ,! soil-transf] me?od ( inoculation consi/s 9 scatt]+ ov] ! field to be se$$ #bjj to #djj p\nds to ! acre ( soil collect$ f sweet-clov]1 alfalfa1 or bur-clov] fields :]e ! heal?y plants %[ an abundance ( tub]cles on ! roots4 ,x is /rongly recomm5d$ t ?is soil be scatt]$ on a cl\dy day or 9 ! e>ly morn+ or 9 ! ev5+ & imm$iately h>r[$ or disk$ into ! gr\nd1 z ! sun's rays are v injuri\s to ! inoculat+ g]ms4 ,x is a good plan = ! p]son scatt]+ ! soil to walk directly 9 front ( ! h>r[4 ,:5 ?is practice is foll[$ little h>m c be done by ! light4 ,to facilitate ev5 scatt]+1 ! soil may be mix$ ?or\ghly ) two or ?ree times its weight ( o!r soil1 pref]ably f ! field :]e ! sweet clov] is to be s[n4 ,soil us$ = inoculat+ sweet clov] does n necess>ily h to be scatt]$ on ! l& j previ\s to s[+ ! se$4 ,x may be scatt]$ a few mon?s or a ye> 9 advance ( ! "t ! sweet clov] is to be se$$ & be j z effective z if x 7 scatt]$ at a lat] "t4 ,9 g5]al1 :]e sweet clov] is to be se$$ 9 ! spr+ on w9t] gra91 ! inoculation %\ld be appli$ be=e ! gra9 is s[n4 ,good success has be5 obta9$ by dry+ 9 a d>k place soil conta9+ ! inoculat+ g]ms1 sift+ x1 & runn+ x ?r\gh ! f]tiliz] comp>tm5t ( a gra9 drill4 ,:5 ?is me?od is employ$ x is n necess>y to use z mu* soil z :5 x is scatt]$ broadca/4 ,a comp>atively new me?od :i* has giv5 successful results calls = damp5+ ea* bu%el ( se$ & spread+ x on a clo?1 pap]1 or cem5t floor1 :]e half a gallon ( ?r\ghly inoculat$ soil f sweet-clov] or alfalfa plants may be sift$ ov] x4 ,"s p pref] to add a trace ( glue or sug> to wat]1 s t m ( ! soil w adh]e to ! se$1 al?\gh "s soil w rema9 on ! se$ if ! glue or sug> is n us$4 ,:5 only ?is quantity ( soil is us$ x %\ld be collect$ f ar\nd ! roots ( sweet-clov] plants :i* are abundantly inoculat$4 ,su* soil may be collect$ 9 ! fall & kept until spr+ 9 a cool1 dry1 d>k place ) no injury to ! inoculat+ organisms4 ,se$ treat$ 9 ?is mann] %\ld be kept 9 ! d>k & %\ld be s[n z soon z possible aft] treat+4 ,,! ,,pure-,,culture ,,me?od4 ,! pure-culture me?od has ! advantage ( great] case ( transportation & fre$om f dang] ( introduc+ h>mful pe/s ^u ! f>m4 ,inoculation by pure cultures may be c>ri$ out 9 ei!r ( two ways3 7#a7 ,a bottle ( pure culture ( ! prop] k9d ( bact]ia is op5$ & ! culture mix$ ) a conv5i5t quantity ( wat]2 ?is dilut$ culture n[ is mix$ ?or\ghly ) a consid]able quantity ( soil1 pref]ably f ! field :]e ! legume is to be s[n2 ! treat$ soil is !n di/ribut$ 9 ! same mann] z :5 inoculation is made by ! soil-transf] me?od4 7#b7 ,a pure culture ( ! prop] k9d ( bact]ia %\ld be appli$ to ! se$s 9 su* a way t !y w all be moi/5$4 ,! se$ %\ld !n be p]mitt$ to dry 9 a %ady or d>k place & %\ld be plant$ z soon z possible aft] x is dry4 ,dry+ may be facilitat$ by add+ dry1 sift$ soil1 pref]ably f ! field :]e ! se$ is to be s[n4 ,inoculat+ organisms v (t5 die )9 a week aft] ! se$ is inoculat$4 ,x is highly desirable1 !re=e t ! inoculation be made ! day ! se$ is s[n4 ,inoculat$ se$ nev] %\ld be dri$ 9 ! sun4 ,! "q is (t5 ask$ :e!r x is advisable to inoculate se$ ) pure-culture me?od & s[ x on honeycomb$ gr\nd 9 ! spr+4 ,no exp]im5ts h ?us f> be5 complet$ to det]m9e ! advisability ( ?is proc$ure4 ,"s inoculation w\ld probably result f ?is practice1 because ! bact]ia on t portion ( ! se$ next to ! gr\nd w\ld be protect$ f ! sunlight & w\ld 9 a %ort "t "u ord9>y conditions be cov]$ by ! freez+ & ?aw+ ( ! soil4 ,:ile x is h>dly possible to obta9 z complete inoculation by ?is practice z by o!r me?ods1 x is to be pref]r$ to no inoculation4 ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,! ,,/&4 ,! mann] 9 :i* a /& ( sweet clov] is h&l$ %\ld dep5d some:at ^u ! me?od & date ( se$+ & ! purpose = :i* x is s[n4 ,climatic conditions %\ld also be tak5 into consid]ation & ! h&l+ ( ! crop gov]n$ accord+ly4 ,,treatm5t ,,! ,,fir/ ,,season4 ,! mo/ s]i\s objection to se$+ sweet clov] 9 ! spr+ )\t a nurse crop is we$s4 ,9 _m sections ( ! c\ntry se$s w take z mu* wat] f ! soil & make z mu* or m %ade ?an a crop ( gra94 ,9 spite ( ! fact t sweet clov] w )/& m adv]se conditions ?an r$ clov] or alfalfa1 a heavy gr[? ( we$s w greatly ret>d ! gr[? ( ! plants & 9 "s cases kill mo/ ( !m4 7,fig4 #aj47 ,on plats s[n 9 ,april )\t a nurse crop at ,arl+ton1 ,va41 x 0 necess>y to m[ we$s five times dur+ ! summ] ( #aiae 9 ord] to keep !m p>tly *eck$4 ,:]e x is necess>y to m[ a field s _m times ! plants are n only *eck$ or kill$1 b z mu* "t is requir$ = ?is "w z w\ld be necess>y to h>ve/ a crop ( gra94 ,?is tr\ble may be ov]come 9 "p by pa/ur+ ! sweet clov] ! fir/ season1 b ev5 !n dur+ wet wea!r x may be necess>y to cut ! we$s at lea/ once be=e ! plants become well en\gh e/abli%$ to turn live /ock on ! field4 ,! plants %\ld at no "t be clipp$ clos] ?an #e in*es f ! gr\nd4 ,aft] a field ( sweet clov] has become well e/abli%$1 x may be pa/ur$ ?r\gh\t ! summ] & fall4 ,close graz+ %\ld be avoid$ dur+ ! summ]1 or ! plants may be kill$1 b !y may be pa/ur$ fairly close to ! gr\nd 9 ! autumn1 z x does n appe> z necess>y to provide a w9t] cov]+ z is ! case ) r$ clov]4 ,close pa/ur+ or clipp+ late 9 ! fall has _h a m>k$ effect on ! gr[? ( ! plants ! foll[+ spr+ on "s fields & no app>5t effect on ! /& & gr[? ( ! plants on o!r fields4 ,a portion ( a field 9 ,liv+/on ,c\nty1 ,ill41 0 clipp$ close to ! gr\nd 9 ! late fall ( #aiae4 ,on ,june #a1 #aiaf1 ! /& 0 some:at heavi] on ! unclipp$ "p ( ! field4 ,m noticeable ?an ! ?ickness ( ! /& 0 ! fact t ! plants on ! unclipp$ portion 7 #h to #aj in*es high] ?an ^? on ! clipp$ area4 ,x is reasonable to believe t plants go+ into ! w9t] ) no protection are m likely to be injur$ ?an ^? hav+ "s protection4 ,on ! o!r h&1 _m fields 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry h be5 closely clipp$ or pa/ur$ 9 ! late fall ) no noticeable injury4 ,because ( ! value ( ! hay or pa/urage 9 ! late summ] & autumn ( ! ye> ( se$+1 x is /rongly recomm5d$ t ! fir/ ye>'s gr[? be utiliz$4 ,if ! field be cut = hay x is well to leave a #d-;in* or #e-;in* /ubble1 z ?is w s]ve to cat* drift+ sn[ dur+ ! w9t]1 !reby add+ to ! protection aga9/ w9t]kill+4 ,if ! field is n pa/ur$ ! fir/ season & we$s are n tr\blesome1 a cutt+ ( hay may be made :5 gr[? ceases 9 ! fall4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj4--,:ite sweet-clov] plant 7at ! left71 %[+ ! effect ( a heavy gr[? ( we$s4 ,_h ! we$s n be5 pres5t ! plant at ! left %\ld h be5 l>g] ?an ! "o at ! "r1 z ! se$ 0 s[n two weeks e>li] & ! o!r conditions = gr[? 7 ideal4 ,f\r-fif?s ( ! plants on ! plat :i* _h a heavy gr[? ( we$s 7 entirely kill$4 ,:5 sweet clov] is se$$ ) gra91 moi/ure conditions %\ld s]ve to det]m9e :e!r ! gra9 %\ld be p]mitt$ to rip5 or be cut = hay4 ,:5 untimely dr\ghts appe> ! plants may be kill$ if ! gra9 is n cut z e>ly z possible4 ,9 ! ,s\? & 9 "s sections ( ! ,ea/]n & ,nor?-,c5tral ,/ates :]e ! soil conta9s an abundance ( lime/one & is well inoculat$1 a cutt+ ( hay may usually be obta9$ aft] a gra9 crop has be5 h>ve/$4 ,9 o!r sections ( ! ,nor? 9 only exceptionally favorable wea!r w m ?an pa/urage be obta9$ aft] ! gra9 is cut4 ,,treatm5t ,,! ,,second ,,season4 ,"o ( ! special advantages ( sweet clov] is t x produces good pa/urage some:at e>li] 9 ! spr+ ?an mo/ =age crops4 ,9 ! ,nor?1 ) ! exception ( ! extreme nor!rn portion ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 x w furni% a cutt+ ( hay 9 ,june or excell5t pa/urage until t "t & a crop ( hay or se$ 9 late summ]4 ,9 ! ,s\? two cutt+s ( hay & a se$ crop may be h>ve/$4 ,aft] matur+ se$ ! plants die4 ,x is a common practice 9 _m sections to pa/ure ! crop until ab\t ,june #aj1 :5 ! /ock is remov$ & ! plants are p]mitt$ to mature se$4 ,if ! plants h n be5 graz$ closely !y %\ld be clipp$ at ?is "t1 s t ! se$ crop w rip5 m ev5ly4 ,sweet clov] may be pa/ur$ dur+ ! entire second season's gr[?1 provid$ suffici5t /ock is kept on ! field to prev5t ! gr[? f becom+ woody4 ,if ! plants become co>se ! pa/ure may be clipp$1 leav+ an #h-;in* /ubble1 s z to induce a new gr[? :i* w be m palatable4 ,if x is desir$ to h ! pa/ure rese$ itself /ock %\ld be remov$ at lea/ eight weeks be=e heavy fro/s are expect$1 or only suffici5t /ock %\ld be p]mitt$ to rema9 on ! pa/ure to keep "s ( ! plants 9 *eck4 ,,sweet ,,clov] ,,9 ,,mixtures4 ,v little sweet clov] ?us f> has be5 gr[n 9 mixtures ) o!r crops4 ,a few f>m]s h s[n r$ clov] & sweet clov] toge!r1 b su* a mixture has no advantage ov] sweet clov] se$$ alone = hay1 z sweet clov] %\ld be cut at lea/ two ,weeks be=e ! r$ clov] is ready to h>ve/4 ,sweet clov] is be+ se$$ to "s ext5t on native prairie sod 9 ! ,nor?we/1 :]e x is claim$ x adds greatly to ! value ( ! native grasses = pa/urage4 ,a ?9 se$+ ( sweet clov] is (t5 desir$ 9 bluegrass pa/ures on ?is acc\nt4 ,"o ( ! be/ pa/ures 9 ea/]n ,i[a consi/s ( a mixture ( bluegrass1 timo?y1 & sweet clov]4 ,! ,mississippi ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation recomm5ds a mixture ( ,johnson grass & sweet clov]4 ,9 ?is mixture ! fir/ cutt+ w consi/ ( almo/ pure sweet clov]1 :ile ! second & ?ird cutt+'s w be a mixture ( ^? plants4 ,a numb] ( s\!rn f>m] h _h good success 9 se$+ sweet clov] on ,b]muda-grass sod4 ,! ,new ,j]sey ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation has obta9$ excell5t results f a mixture ( ,dw>f ,essex rape & sweet clov]1 & also by ! addition ( soy beans to ?is mixture4 ,x 0 f\nd t by se$+ #f p\nds ( rape & #aj p\nds ( sweet clov] p] acre an abundance ( nutriti\s pa/urage 0 produc$ & t pigs pref]r$ ?is mixture to alfalfa4 ,:5 soy beans 7 add$ x 0 se$$ at ! rate ( #a bu%el ( soy beans1 #f p\nds ( ,dw>f ,essex rape1 & #ah p\nds ( sweet clov]4 ,! soy beans 7 drill$ by !mselves1 & ! rape & sweet clov] 7 mix$ & se$$ ) a press drill4 ,brood s[s made a ga9 ( f ?ree-f\r?s to #a p\nd a day dur+ ,july on ?is mixture )\t additional fe$ & gave unusual evid5ce ( ?rift & vigor4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa4--;,a cornfield1 %[+ ! effect ( fall & spr+ pl[+ 9 kill+ sweet clov] t _h made b "o ye>'s gr[?4 ,! portion ( ! field at ! left 0 pl[$ 9 ! autumn1 :ile t at ! "r 0 pl[$ ! foll[+ spr+1 aft] ! plants _h />t$ gr[?4 ,! corn is #d in*es high4 ,,eradication ,,( ,,sweet ,,clov]4 ,"s f>m]s hesitate to plant sweet clov] on _! f>ms = fe> !y w h difficulty 9 eradicat+ x :5 ! fields are plant$ to o!r crops4 ,! results obta9$ annually by hundr$s ( f>m]s are suffici5t pro( t !re is no f\ndation = su* fe>2 9 fact1 f>m]s are exp]i5c+ mu* difficulty 9 cutt+ ! fir/ crop ! second season s high t ! plants w n be kill$4 ,! new crop ( sweet clov]1 unlike t ( r$ clov] & alfalfa1 mu/ come f ! buds left on ! /ubble1 s :5 ! plants are cut bel[ ^! buds !y w be kill$4 ,z sweet clov] is a bi5nial1 ! plants die z soon z ! se$ crop is produc$4 ,:5 ! fir/ ye>'s gr[? ( sweet clov] is to be turn$ "u = gre5-manure x is recomm5d$ t ! field be pl[$ aft] ! plants h made "s gr[? ! foll[+ spr+ r ?an 9 ! fall ( ! ye> ( se$+4 ,:5 ! fir/ ye>'s gr[? is pl[$ "u ! same fall _m ( ! plants w n be entirely cov]$1 & ^! w made a vigor\s gr[? ! foll[+ spr+4 ,:5 ! pl[+ is delay$ until ! plants h made "s gr[? ! foll[+ spr+ no tr\ble w be exp]i5c$ 9 eradicat+ !m4 7,fig4 #aa47 99 99 99 99 99 ,,publications ,,( ,,! ,u4 ,s4 ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,agriculture ,,relat+ ,,to ,,=age ,,crops4 ,,available ,,= ,,free ,,di/ribution ,,by ,,! ,,dep>tm5t4 ,c[peas4 7,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #cah47 ,alfalfa4 7,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #cci47 ,soy ,beans4 7,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #cgb47 ,r$ ,clov]4 7,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #dee47 ,alfalfa ,se$ ,production4 7,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #die47 ,=age ,crops = ! ,cotton ,region4 7,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #eji4 7 ,vet*es4 7,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #eae47 ,vet* ,gr[+ ,9 ! ,s\? ,atlantic ,/ates4 7,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #ebi47 ,crimson ,clov]3 ,gr[+ ! ,crop4 7,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #eej47 ,crimson ,clov]3 ,se$ ,production4 7,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #fdf47 ,! ,field ,p5 z a ,=age ,crop4 7,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #fij47 ,bur ,clov]4 7,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #fic47 ,button ,clov]4 7,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #gcj47 ,! ,clov] leafhopp] & ,its ,control 9 ! ,c5tral ,/ates4 7,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #gcg47 ,,= ,,sale ,,by ,,! ,,sup]9t5d5t ,,( ,,docum5ts1 ,,gov]nm5t ,,pr9t+ ,,(fice1 ,,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,legum9\s ,crops = ,gre5 ,manur+4 7,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #bgh47 ,price1 #e c5ts4 ,lesp$eza1 or ,japan clov]4 7,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #dda47 ,price1 #e c5ts4 ,crimson ,clov]3 ,utilization4 7,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #egi47 ,price1 #e c5ts4 ,alfalfa ,production3 ,poll9ation ,/udies4 7,dep>tm5t ,bullet9 #ge47 ,price1 #e c5ts4 ,r$-,clov] ,se$ ,production3 ,poll9ation ,/udies4 7,dep>tm5t ,bullet9 #bhi47 ,price1 #e c5ts4 ,v>iegat$ ,alfalfa4 7,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry ,bullet9 #afi47 ,price1 #aj c5ts4 ,legum9\s ,crops = ,hawaii4 7,hawaii ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation ,bullet9 #bc47 ,price1 #aj c5ts4 ,,wa%+ton 3 ,,gov]nm5t ,,pr9t+ ,,(fice 3 #aiag 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]s ,note ,all illu/rations mov$ to avoid splitt+ p>agraphs4 ,sweet clov] & sweet-clov] v>iants reta9$4