,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,italic text is d5ot$ by und]scores & bold text by equal signs4 ,small upp]case h be5 replac$ ) regul> upp]case4 ,blank pages h be5 elim9at$4 ,v>iations 9 spell+ & hyph5ation h be5 left z 9 ! orig9al4 ,my ,visit to ,tol/oy ,five ,disc\rses ,by ,rabbi ,joseph ,krauskopf1 ,d4 ,d4 ,illu/ration ,philadelphia #aiaa ,my ,visit to ,tol/oy4 ,a ,,disc\rse1 ,,at ,,temple ,,k5ese? ,,israel1 ,,by ,,rabbi ,,joseph ,,krauskopf1 ,d4 ,d4 ,philadelphia1 ,decemb] #aa?1 #aiaj4 ,my visit to ,russia & its purpose4 ,9 ! summ] ( #ahid ,i visit$ ,russia = ! purpose ( propos+ to ! ,cz> a plan t might end or less5 ! t]rible p]secution ( ! ,jews 9 8 realm4 ,! plan int5d$ 0 a removal ( ! p]secut$ ,jews to unoccupi$ l&s 9 ! int]ior1 !re to be coloniz$ on f>ms1 & to be ma9ta9$1 until self-support+1 by _! correligioni/s ( o!r p>ts ( ! _w4 ,refus$ admission by ,russian gov]nm5t4 ,le>n+ t1 because a ,jew1 ,i w\ld n be admitt$ into ,russia1 ,i conf]r$ ) ,presid5t ,clevel& & ,secret>y ,gre%am1 bo? ( :om he>tily endors$ my plan & resolv$ to int]v5e4 ,! ,russian ,m9i/] at ,wa%+ton decl>+ 8 p[]lessness to vis my passport1 our ,secret>y ( ,/ate cabl$ to ! ,am]ican ,m9i/] at ,/4 ,pet]sburg to obta9 ! desir$ p]mission f ! =eign (fice1 only to receive z reply ! words ,russian gov]nm5t deeply regrets its inability to acc$e to reque/ 9 behalf ( ,rev]5d ,jewi% div9e4 ,det]m9$ to te/ my citiz5%ip "r4 ,! inju/ice ( ! reply det]m9$ me m ?an ev] to ent] ,russia1 if only to make a te/ case ( my citiz5%ip rights4 ,! treaty betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,russia gu>antees to e ,am]ican citiz5 ! "r ( entry on ,russian soil1 & z an ,am]ican citiz5 t "r 0 m9e2 my religion be+ my private affair & no conc]n ( ,russia's4 ,! det]m9ation to te/ ! supremacy ( int]national law ov] national prejudice ar\s$ a l>ge "p ( ! ,am]ican press to a vigor\s endorsem5t ( my position4 ,a bill 0 introduc$ 9 ,congress to ! effect t ! treaty betwe5 ! two c\ntries be decl>$ abrogat$ if an ,am]ican citiz5 be turn$ back f ! gates ( ,russia by reason ( 8 religion4 ,0 admitt$4 ,9 ! height ( ! agitation ,i dep>t$ = ,russia1 knock$ at ! gates ( ,/4 ,pet]sburg--& 0 admitt$4 ,russia _h evid5tly come to ! conclusion t x 0 bett] policy to admit me & to keep h] eyes on me ?an to all[ ! agitation & ! indignation to cont9ue 9 our c\ntry4 ,met di/+ui%$ ,russians4 ,:ile )9 ! ,russian bord]s1 ,i 0 privileg$ to come 9 contact ) _m prom95t ,russians1 "o ( !m ,m4 ,witte1 :o at t "t 0 ,m9i/] ( ,f9ance & practically at ! head ( ! empire1 ! ,cz>1 ,alex&] ,,iii1 be+ critically ill 9 ! ,crimea1 :]e he %ortly aft] di$4 ,tol/oy mo/ di/+ui%$ ( all4 ,b ( all ! m5 ,i met none made ! impression t 0 left ^u me by my visit to ,c\nt ,leo ,tol/oy4 ,x 0 made possible by ,mr4 ,&rew ,d4 ,:ite1 ! di/+ui%$ s*ol> & /atesman1 :o at t "t repres5t$ our c\ntry at ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,he _h writt5 & ask$ ! c\nt to meet me & to le>n ( ! mission t br\ght me to ,russia4 ,! c\nt's daught]1 ,tatiana1 repli$ t h] fa!r w\ld be pleas$ to h me visit him1 add+ t he 0 j !n engag$ 9 hay-mak+1 &1 !re=e1 _h n mu* leisure4 ,to take z little ( 8 "t z possible ,i arrang$ to arrive 9 ! c\rt-y>d ( 8 manor-h\se at ,yasnaya ,polyana1 late 9 ! aft]noon4 ,approa*+ a gr\p ( peasants t /ood at a well dr9k+ wat] & mopp+ _! br[s1 my travell+-companion1 a "y ,russian lawy]1 ask$ !m :]e we might f9d ! c\nt4 ,"o ( !m /epp$ out ( ! gr\p1 &1 lift+ 8 cap1 said mo/ c\rte\sly t he 0 ,tol/oy1 &1 le>n+ my "n1 he bade me a he>ty welcome4 ,held me captive f fir/ meet+4 ,f ! mom5t ,i fir/ gaz$ ^u him he held me captive1 &1 by a /range psy*ic p[]1 he has held me en?rall$ ev] s9ce4 ,no wi% ( m9e has be5 m fondly *]i%$ 9 ! sixte5 ye>s t h s9ce pass$ by ?an t ( "s day visit+ ,russia aga91 & only = ! purpose ( see+ once m t /rangely fasc9at+ p]sonality1 ( li/5+ aga9 to 8 m>vel\s fl[ ( wisdom4 ,8 p]sonality4 ,i _h (t5 wond]$ h[ a ,moses1 an ,isaiah1 a ,j]emiah1 a ,socrates1 look$ & talk$1 d5\nc$ & dream$1 ! mom5t ,i saw & he>d ,tol/oy ,i knew4 ,"o h\r's talk ) him seem$ equal to a :ole univ]sity c\rse 9 political & social sci5ce2 "o walk ) him on 8 e/ate /or$ up 9 ! li/5] m k ( moral philosophy ?an c\ld be cr[d$ into a ye>'s sem9>y in/ruction4 ,great z 0 ! p[] ( 8 p51 immeasurably great] 0 ! p[] ( 8 liv+ ^w4 ,9 "s my/]i\s way ! fl[ ( 8 spee* seem$ to ex]cise an hypnotic spell ^u ! speak] z mu* z ^u ! li/5]4 ,! speak] seem$ at times translat$ into a sup]-human be+1 seem$ inspir$1 seem$ to speak words n 8 own1 z "o ( ! anci5t prophets ( ,israel mu/ h spok5 :5 he said ! words3 ,?us sai? ! ,"l1 :ile ! li/5] seem$ sc>cely capable ( ?\ght or spee*1 felt 8 be+ almo/ lose its id5tity & become m]g$ ) t ( ! speak]4 ,at times 8 voice w\ld s\nd z ,elijah's voice mu/ h s\nd$ :5 he said to ,ahab1 ! k+1 ,?\ art he :o tr\ble? ,israel1 & at times x w\ld seem z sweet z ! voice ( "o ( ,russia's night+ales4 ,at times 8 /rong1 rugg$1 be>d$ face w\ld resemble t ( ! pictur$ ,jupit] 9 wra?1 & !n x w\ld rival 9 s]5ity "o ( ,raphael's sa9ts4 ,at times he w\ld seem to c>ry on 8 %\ld]s all ! woe ( ! _w1 resembl+ "o ( ! m$iaeval pictures ( ! m>tyr ( ,naz>e?1 & !n aga9 he w\ld seem z c>e-free & happy z a little babe4 ,he _h nev] le>n$ ! art ( conceal+ 8 ?\ghts & emotions4 ,8 face & voice 7 z a mirror t reveal$ ) microscopic exactness 8 inn]mo/ self4 ,:at he felt mov$ to speak he spoke2 :at he felt urg$ to d he did2 he nev] /opp$ to consid] :e!r x w please or displease1 :e!r x w br+ praise or c5sure ^u him4 ,l a piece ( liv+1 wea!r-beat5 ,new ,engl& granite he look$ 9 8 home-spun cra% bl\se1 8 jean tr\s]s gird$ at ! wai/ ) a rope1 8 co>se wool5 %irt op5 at ! neck1 8 well-worn ba/ %oes4 ,he seem$1 inde$1 a composite ( ! looks & traits & ?\ghts t *>act]iz$ ! ,puritans 9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( ! ,new ,engl& /ates4 ,he liv$ 8 life accord+ to 8 own light4 ,except+ ,god1 he b[$ to no ma/]4 ,8 consci5ce 0 8 sole rule ( "r4 ,8 law 0 8 own4 ,8 cre$ 0 8 own4 ,8 /yle ( dress1 8 mode ( liv+ 7 ( 8 own *oos+4 ,8 0 above all else himself1 n an e*o ( ano!r4 ,he 0 ! free/ man 9 ! mo/ enslav$ ( l&s4 ,8 0 ! brighte/ m9d 9 d>ke/ ,russia1 ! mo/ democratic _s 9 ! mo/ autocratic ( realms4 ,8 peasant g>b c\ld n hide ! noble man1 ennobl$ by exalt$ ?\ght & a*ievem5t & n by ! w ( pot5tate4 ,8 peasant labor c\ld n hide ! man born to comm&1 n by means ( kn\t or sword or prison b by ! law ( love & "r & tru?4 ,z sev]e ) ! _w s g5tle ) 8 own4 ,z fe>less z he 0 9 8 d5unciations ( ! wrong-do+s ( gov]nm5t & *ur* & society1 & z bold z he 0 9 8 re=m propositions1 s g5tle & simple-m9d$ 0 he at 8 family table4 ,i _h read t two k9ds ( meals 7 s]v$ at 8 table1 a frugal "o = himself & a sumptu\s "o = ! re/ ( 8 family4 ,! meal ( :i* ,i p>took 0 a frugal "o = all4 ,i 01 h[ev]1 little consci\s ( :at ,i ate4 ,i 0 held spell-b\nd by ! c\nt's conv]sation :i* dom9at$ ! table1 & :i* 0 c>ri$ on 9 ,engli%1 occasionally pass+ into ,g]man or ,fr5* or ,russian4 ,a table incid5t4 ,he 0 9 an especially happy mood t ev5+4 ,9 ! mail t _h be5 br\ght to ! table !re 7 a numb] ( pap]s4 ,op5+ "o ( ^!1 ! ,london ,/&>d1 ,i believe1 he obs]v$ t an article ( 8 _h be5 sev]ely c5sor$ by ! ,russian gov]nm5t4 ,l>ge p>ts ( x _h be5 sme>$ ov] ) black ink4 ,:at amus$ him 0 t ! p>ts t 7 left unc5sor$ 7 worse ?an ^? t _h be5 black5$ out1 reveal+ ! /upidity ( ! c5sor4 ,turn+ to me1 :o sat at 8 "r1 he said t _h ! article be5 a panegyric on ! ,cz>1 x w\ld probably h receiv$ ! same treatm5t1 = no matt] :at he writes1 x is daub$ ov]1 "h & !re1 on ! g5]al pr9ciple t1 hav+ be5 writt5 by ,tol/oy1 x mu/ ( necessity be revolution>y4 ,cont9u+1 he told me t t p>ticul> article 0 "o ( a s]ies on ! subject ( ,*ri/ianity & ,patriotism1 :i*1 n be+ p]mitt$ to be publi%$ 9 ,russia1 appe>$ 9 translation 9 ,engl&4 ,9 x he endeavor$ to %[ t ,*ri/ianity & patriotism 7 incompatible1 t ! latt] 0 an artificial creation1 skilfully n\ri%$ by rul]s = selfi% purposes4 ,on acc\nt ( x w>s are wag$1 evils are wr\ght1 suff]+s are inflict$ by ,*ri/ians ^u ,*ri/ians1 :o are religi\sly taught to love "o ano!r1 to =give "o ano!r1 to d good to ea* o!r1 & :o are patriotically tra9$ to hate & ov]rea* ea* o!r4 ,humanity1 he said1 mu/ be put 9 ! place ( patriotism4 ,! latt] is bo? /upid & unmoral1 /upid because x leads ea* nation to reg>d itself ! sup]ior ( all o!rs1 & unmoral because x lures nations to possess !mselves ( advantages at ! co/ ( o!rs1 ?us violat+ ! fundam5tal law ( morality1 t ( n do+ to o!rs :at !y w\ld n h o!rs d to !m4 ,humanity makes ! :ole _w e man's c\ntry1 & e man ea* man's bro!r4 ,8 home ov]-run by visitors4 ,:5 fir/ introduc$ to ! family ,i felt t _! welcome 0 n q z he>ty z 0 t ( ! c\nt4 ,i c\ld easily und]/& ! reason4 ,! pres5ce ( gue/s 0 almo/ a daily occurr5ce1 & q a burd5 on ! h\sehold4 ,! c\nt d5i$ himself to none :o _h a g5u9e purpose = seek+ him4 ,b he 0 out ( pati5ce ) m]e curiosity seek]s or newspap] writ]s1 :o s\ght to rob him ( 8 valuable "t 9 ord] to fill a column or two ) s5sational matt]4 ,"o su* writ]1 a lady j\rnali/1 came "o day = ! sole purpose ( hav+ him give h] ! m5u ( 8 veget>ian diet1 to tell h] :e!r 8 und]g>m5ts 7 ( z co>se a fabric z 7 8 out] clo!s1 & :e!r an equally picturesque peasant-g>b might n be design$ = wom54 ,special incid5t w9s = me family's special welcome4 ,my fir/ impression t ,i 0 class$ ) ! o!r afflictions ( ! c\nt's univ]sal popul>ity soon wore (f1 h[ev]1 by reason ( a lett] to ! family :i* ,i br\ght ) me f a di/+ui%$ pr(essor4 ,?is g5tleman _h1 a %ort "t be=e1 be5 dismiss$ f ! univ]sity ( ,/4 ,pet]sburg because he _h publi%$ an essay on ,! ,e?ics ( ! ,talmud1 9 :i* he _h endeavor$ to %[ ! l(ty moral tea*+s ( ! ,jews4 ,i _h made 8 acqua9tance :ile 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 & be=e leav+ t city he call$ on me1 & ask$ me :e!r ,i w\ld n take a lett] f him1 ( an entirely uncompromis+ nature1 to ,tol/oy1 inasmu*1 z at t p>ticul> "t1 a lett] mail$ to ! c\nt did n1 = easily acc\ntable reasons1 always rea* him4 ,i readily cons5t$1 & t little s]vice1 ! pr(essor hav+ be5 a great favorite ( ! c\nt1 made me a welcome gue/ also to ! family4 ,approves ( /& tak5 to ga9 admission4 ,supp] ov]1 ! c\nt invit$ my companion & myself to jo9 him on a walk & to tell him ( :at s]vice he c\ld be to me4 ,i told him ( ! mission t br\ght me to ,russia & ( ! difficulties t 7 plac$ 9 ! way ( my admission4 ,he approv$ ( ! /& ,i _h tak51 b ask$ me to blame ! gov]nm5ts = x1 m9e z well z 81 & n ! ,russians1 :o are a k9dly p4 ,if ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld take bold] /& ,russia w\ld yield4 ,he ent]$ at l5g? ^u an exposition %[+ t if ! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld refuse to c\nt5ance discrim9ations betwe5 h] citiz5s on acc\nt ( religi\s belief1 ,russia w\ld be oblig$ to yield4 ,i told him ( ! audi5ce :i* ,mr4 ,:ite & myself _h _h ) ,m4 ,witte1 & t ! latt] _h said t1 ! ,cz> be+ sick1 no?+ c\ld be done )\t 8 cons5t1 t ,i %\ld /ate my reque/ 9 ! =m ( a petition1 writt5 9 ,engli% & ,russian1 & t he w\ld pres5t x to ! ,cz> ) 8 approval ^u ! latt]'s return1 & t ,i _h compli$ ) ! advice giv54 ,! c\nt _h little fai? t my petition w\ld ev] rea* ! eyes ( ! ,cz>--& x nev] did1 = ! ,cz> nev] return$ alive4 ,& he _h little fai? 9 all (ficial promises4 ,! m5 9 p[] at t "t he believ$ to be ei!r fanatics or c[>ds4 ,! =m] s\ght to secure = !mselves a s(t b]? 9 heav51 ! latt] s\ght x on e>?4 ,^! 7 afraid to speak out _! hone/ ?\ght & to deal an hone/ bl[ = "r & ju/ice4 ,!y 7 afraid ( los+ ca/e or position or ( be+ condemn$ to p5al s]vitude1 z if bett] p]sons ?an !y _h n suff]$ m>tyrdom be=e1 or 7 n n[ pay+ 9 ,sib]ia ! price = ex]cis+ _! "r to lib]ty ( ?\ght & spee*4 ,approves ( my mission b has little hope4 ,he w>mly approv$ ( my mission b saw no pres5t possibility ( its realization4 ,ev5 if ! ,cz> 7 to feel k9dly dispos$ t[>d my plan1 ,pobi$ono/zeff1 ! ,procurator ( ! ,holy ,synod1 w\ld int]pose 8 objections to p]mitt+ ,jews root+ !mselves on ,russian soil4 ,! policy ( ! ,procurator1 he said1 0 to root out ! ,jews1 to drive !m ei!r into ! ,greek ,ca?olic ,*ur* or into exile or />vation1 /upidly attribut+ ! evils ( ,russia to h] tol]ance ( non-or?odox-,*ri/ian fai?s & see+ relief only 9 _! ext9ction )9 ! empire4 ,& t miscreant consid]$ himself ! (ficial head ( ! ,russian *ur*1 & ! adm9i/rator ( its cre$ 9 ! "n ( ,jesus1 ( him :o bade man to love ev5 8 enemy1 to d good ev5 to ^? :o d evil1 to =give ev5 ^? :o (f5d1 to bless ev5 ^? :o curse4 ,asks my attitude t[>d ,jesus1 & def9es 84 ,/opp+ sudd5ly1 & turn+ 8 face full ^u me1 he ask$ ,:at is y\r belief respect+ ,jesus8 ,i answ]$ t ,i reg>d ! ,rabbi ( ,naz>e? z "o ( ! greate/ ( ,israel's tea*]s & lead]s & re=m]s1 n z a div9e be+ :o liv$ & taught humanly b z a human be+ :o liv$ & taught div9ely4 ,su* is my belief1 said he1 & he cont9u$ ,y\r belief1 h[ev]1 is n t ( ! ,jews 9 ,russia4 ,_m ( !m h little k ( ,jesus1 & m ( !m1 ,i fe>1 h little love = him4 ,& :o c blame !m8 he cont9u$1 !y h be5 made to suff] s mu* 9 8 "n t x w\ld be little %ort ( a miracle if !y lov$ him4 ,moham$ 0 m hone/1 he gave to p ! *oice betwe5 ! ,koran & ! sword4 ,*ri/ians pr(ess love1 & practice hatr$4 ,i told ! c\nt t ?r\gh ! m$iation ( ,mr4 ,:ite1 ! ,procurator _h cons5t$ to grant me an audi5ce1 b n till aft] ! lapse ( sev5 weeks1 aft] 8 return f "s mona/]y to :i* he _h retir$ = pray]1 p5ance & m$itation4 ,well may he m$itate1 said ! c\nt1 on ! wrongs he has committ$1 & ev5 7 he to d p5ance sev5 times sev5 weeks or sev5 times sev5 mon?s or sev5 ye>s1 he c\ld n blot out ! guilt t /a9s 8 s\l1 & t has d>k5$ & curs$ ! lives ( t5s ( ?\s&s ( innoc5t human be+s4 ,tells :y he escap$ ,sib]ia4 ,amaz$ at ! fre$om ) :i* he expos$ 8 condemnation ( ! mo/ p[]ful (ficials ( ! realm1 & conv9c$ t z he spoke to me he mu/ h spok5 (t5 to o!rs1 & t ! gov]nm5t c\ld n possibly be ignorant ( x1 ,i ask$ h[ x 0 t he _h escap$ seizure1 exile or imprisonm5t1 to :i* he repli$3 ,i am n yet sure t ,i %all n end my days 9 ,sib]ia4 ,t ,i h escap$ ?us f> is due to ! gov]nm5t's s5sitiv5ess ( ! _w's op9ion4 ,x kn[s ( ! hold my publications h ga9$ = me on civiliz$ p4 ,x fe>s ! cry ( outrage t w\ld be rais$ at ! bani%m5t or imprisonm5t ( a man z old z ,i4 ,he 0 at t "t sixty-six ye>s old4 ,i h s9ce read1 t :5 ! ,cz> 0 "o day approa*$ by "o ( ! gr& dukes ) a reque/ = ! bani%m5t ( ,tol/oy on ! gr\nd t he incit$ rebellion aga9/ ! gov]nm5t & ! *ur*1 ! ,cz> is said to h repli$1 ,je ne veux pas aj\t] a sa gloire une c\ronne d' un m>tyr--,i d n wi% to add to 8 glory ! m>tyr's cr[n--words us$ by ,l\is ,,xiv ( ,france1 :5 a simil> reque/ 0 made ( him4 ,"u ! ,pov]ty ,tree4 ,aft] t /atem5t1 he walk$ sil5tly1 lo/ 9 deep ?\ght1 p]haps pictur+ to himself 8 decl9+ days among fell[ m>tyrs 9 f>-away ,sib]ia1 p]haps ?9k+ ( ! agonies & tortures & untimely dea?s t _h be5 inflict$ by a cruel or misguid$ gov]nm5t on ?\s&s ( ,russia's noble/ sons & daught]s4 ,sil5tly he l$ ! way t[>d a tree t /ood ne> ! h\se1 ^u a slight em95ce4 ,x 0 ! ,pov]ty ,tree t 0 de/9$ to af=d him b5ea? its wide spread+ bran*es 8 la/ re/+ place4 ,x d]iv$ its "n f ! cu/om ( poor peasants lay+ !re _! tr\bles be=e ! c\nt4 ,seat+ himself on a b5* b5ea? ! tree he beckon$ to u to seat ourselves along side ( him4 ,he cont9u$ sil5t = "s "t1 :ile ! sett+ sun ba!d 8 lion9e face & hair 9 crimson & gold5 light1 & gave him an appe>ance n unlike "o ( ! old ,norse gods or vik+s :i* ! arti/'s bru% has made famili> to u4 ,at la/ he resum$ 8 spee*4 ,my ,visit to ,tol/oy4 7,cont9u$47 ,a ,,disc\rse1 ,,at ,,temple ,,k5ese? ,,israel1 ,,by ,,rabbi ,,joseph ,,krauskopf1 ,d4 ,d4 ,philadelphia1 ,decemb] #ah?1 #aiaj4 ,resum--,disc\rse ,i3 ,reason = my visit to ,russia & = my call+ on ,tol/oy4 ,description ( 8 appe>ance & p]sonality4 ,"s ( 8 views on ,russia1 its /atesm51 its religion1 its misgov]nm5t4 ,a pause "u ,pov]ty ,tree b5ea? :i* he n[ lies buri$4 ,tol/oy recall$ aid s5t f ,philadelphia to fam9e-/rick5 9 ,russia4 ,! fir/ "q c\nt ,tol/oy put to me1 aft] 8 long sil5ce1 0 f :at "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,i hail$4 ,^u my tell+ him t ,philadelphia 0 my home1 he express$ himself z mu* pleas$4 ,he recall$ ! two %iploads ( food we s5t f our port1 two ye>s e>li]1 = ! relief ( ! fam9e-/rick5 ( ,russia1 & ( ! di/ribution ( :i* he _h _h p]sonal *>ge1 & he spoke ) pleasure & appreciation ( ,mr4 ,francis ,b4 ,reeves1 our fell[-t[nsman1 :o _h accompani$ ! food-relief4 ,said fir/ aid came f ,sacram5to synagogue4 ,) ev5 ke5] delight he recall$ t ! fir/ aid receiv$ f ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 f ! ,jewi% congregation ( ,sacram5to1 ,cali=nia1 :i* to him 0 all ! m rem>kable f ! fact t ! di/rict /rick5 01 ?r\gh gov]nm5tal re/riction1 un9habit$ by ,jews4 ,! expression ( pleasure turn$ to "o ( sorr[ :5 he rem>k$ t ,russia _h little des]v$ su* g5]\s treatm5t at ! h&s ( ,jews1--& he liv$ to see ! mann] 9 :i* x 0 repaid 9 ,ki%9eff & o!r places4 ,0 fond ( ,quak]s4 ,rev]t+ to our city1 he said t ! "n ( ,philadelphia _h always _h a pleasant s\nd = him1 p>tly because ( its mean+ ,bro!rly ,love1 & p>tly because x 0 f\nd$ by ,william ,p5n4 ,he express$ a high admiration = ,quak]s1 & ask$ h[ /rong !y 7 num]ically & :e!r !y are /ill z oppos$ to w> & resi/ance z _! f\nd]s 74 ,^u answ]+ 8 "q to ! be/ ( my ability1 he ask$3 ,:y is x t w>1 :i* is ! greate/ curse ( mank9d1 has s _m advocates1 & peace1 ! greate/ ( all bless+s1 s few8 ,aft] "s discussion we bo? agre$ t x 0 due to t /range p]v]sity ( human nature t sees ! "r & approves ( x1 & yet (t5 willfully *ooses ! wrong4 ,blam$ s*ool = _m ( pres5t-day wrongs4 ,he blam$ ! s*ools = _m ( ! errors t obta9 9 society1 & claim$ t !re 0 too mu* education ( ! wrong k9d1 & too little ( ! "r4 ,9 discuss+ ?is /atem5t ( 81 ,i *anc$ to m5tion t education 9 ! l[] grades 0 compulsory ) u4 ,to ?is he /rongly object$4 ,all compulsion1 he said1 0 wrong4 ,man mu/ be gott5 to d "r by ! law ( love & n by ! rule ( =ce4 ,^u my tell+ him t b = compulsory education "s p>5ts w\ld nev] s5d _! *ildr5 to s*ool1 he said3 ,:at ( x8 ,! *ildr5 w\ld probably be no less moral & no less happy ?an ^? ( highe/ education4 ,i h associat$ ) ! le>n$ & ! ignorant1 & ,i h f\nd m honor & hone/y1 m fe> ( ! ,"l & m true happ9ess1 among ! unlett]$ ?an among ! lett]$4 ,! m ( education we cram into ! heads ( ! p ! m ( ! fe> ( ,god is cr[d$ out ( !m4 ,! _w lives by ! love ( ,god & n by ! prim] or ! multiplication table4 ,:at1 if y _h _h no education8 ,i v5tur$ to ask4 ,quickly & feel+ly came ! answ] ,! _w w\ld h be5 none ! worse1 & ,i w\ld h be5 ! happi]4 ,:at if ,jesus & ! o!r prophets _h _h no s*ool+8 ,i ask$4 ,to :i* he repli$ ,x 0 n :at !y got out ( _! s*ools t made !m ! spiritual & moral p[]s !y became1 b :at !y got out ( _! he>ts4 ,god puts m education into ! human he>t ?an man has ev] be5 able to put into ! head4 ,"s ( ! wise/ & be/ p h]eab\ts are peasants :o h nev] se5 ! inside ( a s*ool1 & :o d n "k "o lett] f ano!r4 ,:at ( ,paul1 ,i ask$1 :o c]ta9ly enjoy$ ! b5efits ( ! ,greek s*ools ( 8 day8 ,to :i* he repli$ ,! s*ools made ( ,paul a !ologian1 & ,*ri/ianity w\ld h be5 ! bett] )\t ! !ology ( ,paul4 ,w>p$ by unfavorable surr\nd+s4 ,o!r objections to "s ( 8 p>adoxical views on education sugge/$ !mselves to me1 b ,i left !m unsaid4 ,i p]ceiv$ t :ile tol]ant ( objections1 8 op9ions 7 fix$4 ,he app>5tly judg$ ( _w-conditions f ! view-po9t ( 8 limit$ & unfavorable horizon4 ,"u diff]5t conditions1 "s ( 8 op9ions on education1 & on a numb] ( o!r subjects :i* we discuss$1 w\ld probably h be5 q diff]5t4 ,well in=m$ ( political & social conditions 9 ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! conv]sation turn$ to social conditions 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & on ^! matt]s he display$ an am\nt ( k t 0 amaz+4 ,! m ,i li/5$ ! m ,i wond]$1 till f9ally ,i c\ld n b ask him h[ he :o wrote & work$ s mu* c\ld f9d "t to keep himself s well in=m$ ( a c\ntry s f> away z ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,to :i* he repli$ ,y\r c\ntry has int]e/$ me ev5 m ?an m9e4 ,i h lo/ hope 9 m9e2 all my hope 01 at "o "t1 c5t]$ 9 y\rs4 ,b y\rs is a disappo9tm5t z mu* z m9e4 ,y call y\rselves a ,republic2 y are worse ?an an autocracy4 ,i say worse because y are rul$ by gold1 & gold is m consci5celess1 & !re=e1 m tyrannical ?an any human tyrant4 ,y\r int5tions are good2 y\r execution is lam5table4 ,7 y\rs ! free & repres5tative gov]nm5t y pret5d to h1 y w\ld n all[ x to be controll$ by ! money p[]s & _! hirel+s1 ! bosses & ma*9es1 z y d4 ,i h read ,progress & ,pov]ty by ,h5ry ,george1 & ,i "k :at ,mr4 ,bryce says ab\t y 9 8 ,! ,am]ican ,commonweal?1 & ,i h read & he>d ev5 worse ?+s ab\t y\r misgov]nm5t ?an :at !y say4 ,deplor$ rule ( gold & gr[? ( cities4 ,we 7 all "r1 he cont9u$1 z long z we 7 an agricultural p4 ,our modes ( life1 !n1 7 simple1 & our ideals 7 high4 ,politics !n 0 a religion ) u & n a matt] ( b>t] & sale4 ,we became prosp]\s2 prosp]ity br\ght luxury1 & luxury1 z always1 br+s corruption4 ,! ?ir/ ( gold is ^u u1 &1 9 our eag]ness to qu5* x & to gratify our lu/ ( luxury1 our "o-"t l(ty pr9ciples & aspirations are dragg$ d[n & trampl$ 9 ! mire4 ,we build city ^u city1 & pride ourselves 9 mak+ "o great] ?an ! o!r1 &1 9 ! mean "t1 we wipe out village aft] village1 :5ce h come our /r5g? & moral fibre4 ,! price ( real e/ate 9 ! cities is so>+ to ! skies1 :ile f>ms are des]t$ & f>m-h\ses decay4 ,we tempt ! f>m]'s son & daught] f field to factory1 & :5 we h exhau/$ !m ( _! heal? & morals we ?9k ourselves *>itable :5 we prolong _! mis]able exi/5ce 9 hospitals or re=matories4 ,we =get t our greatness lay 9 ! pursuit ( husb&ry1 & we seek our salvation 9 comm]ce & 9 ! indu/ries4 ,prophesi$ w> ( classes4 ,) all our /up5d\s weal?1 our slums are z bad1 if n worse1 z ^? ( ,european cities1 & we are build+ up a prolet>iat class :i* w "s day prove our undo+4 ,our ri* become deg5]ates1 & our poor become desp]ates1 & 9 ! /ruggle to come ! desp]ate w rise up & slay ! deg5]ate4 ,we keep ?+s quiet by ?r[+ crumbs ( *>ity to ^? :o are 9 ne$ ( ju/ice m yet ?an !y are 9 ne$ ( bread4 ,"s day !y w tire ( crumbs1 & w ask _! full %>e ( :at ! ri* eat & h1 &1 if d5i$1 !y w make %ort "w ( x4 ,our orig9 & our de/9y %\ld h w>n$ u aga9/ repeat+ ! fatal errors ( ! pa/4 ,b = our colossal res\rces1 we w\ld long s9ce h be5 da%$ aga9/ ! rocks4 ,we may yet save ourselves by go+ back to ! f>m1 & tak+ up anew ! life & labors ( our fa!rs4 ,disagre$1 yet kept sil5t4 ,9 ?is /ra9 he cont9u$ = q a:ile1 & ! long] he spoke ! sadd] grew 8 spee* & ! m prophetic became 8 look4 ,at l5g? he ceas$ speak+1 & an oppressive quiet ensu$4 ,i recogniz$ t he 0 deeply mov$1 & ,i !re=e did n c>e to contradict "s ( 8 /atem5ts :i* 7 obvi\sly bas$ on error4 ,9 o!r ( 8 /atem5ts ,i fully agre$ ) him1 yet1 loyalty to my c\ntry =bade my second+ ! gloomy prospect he held out = u4 ,description ( 8 relation%ip ) wife & family4 ,a =tunate int]ruption reliev$ ! situation4 ,8 wife approa*$ ) a lett] or manuscript 9 h&4 ,he arose1 proce$$ t[>d h]1 &1 = a :ile1 ! two conf]r$ toge!r4 ,9 all probability x 0 a manuscript ( 8 :i* %e 0 translat+ or revis+4 ,i 0 told t %e 0 always do+ some?+ ( t sort4 ,%e 0 8 consultant1 8 revis]1 8 translator1 :ile 8 daught]1 ,tatiana1 0 8 correspond5t 9 a numb] ( diff]5t languages4 ,x is said t 8 wife copi$ tw5ty-"o times ! f\r l>ge volumes ( 8 novel ,w> & ,peace1 & t !re has be5 no novel nor little else ( 8 writ+1 s9ce _! m>riage 9 #ahfb1 t did n pass ?r\gh h] h&s4 ,he f\nd 9 h]1 9 ! fulle/ s5se ( ! ^w1 8 help-mate1 a woman ( great culture z well ( great practical s5se1 :o look$ aft] 8 lit]>y int]e/s no less ?an aft] ^? ( ! h\sehold1 & :o (t5 f\nd x no easy task to be1 z has be5 well said1 ! pati5t wife ( an impati5t g5ius4 ,%e bore him ?irte5 *ildr51 six ( :om pass$ away 9 _! e>ly y\?4 ,%e fairly idoliz$ him & skilfully manag$ to slip1 unkn[n to him1 ^? little com=ts into 8 life :i* he requir$ = 8 well-be+ & :i* he _h r5\nc$4 ,nei!r %e nor ! *ildr5 %>$ 8 view respect+ ! di/ribution among ! peasantry ( 8 e/ate & o!r prop]ty1 & keep+ = himself no m ?an an equal %>e ) all ! o!rs4 ,! family believ$ 9 avail+ !mselves ( ! b5efits ( civilization1 & = t !y requir$ ! income ( ! f>m & ! royalty ( 8 books4 ,!re 0 q a wrangle1 = a "t1 betwe5 ! family & its head1 b x 0 amicably dispos$ ( 9 ! end1 ! c\nt agree+ to _! liv+ z !y *ose1 on ! condition t !y p]mitt$ him to live z he pleas$4 ,& s 9 8 ,mosc[ home z well z 9 t at ,yasnaya ,polyana1 :ile ! family rooms are said to be com=tably furni%$1 8 own 7 poorly fitt$ out1 & :ile !y h s]vants & butl]s & footm51 he att5d$ to 8 own wants1 fet*$ 8 own wat]1 cobbl$ 8 own %oes1 &1 9 summ] "t1 labor$ 9 ! field1 f morn to night1 alongside ! commone/ peasant4 ,description ( 8 work+ room4 ,/opp+ sudd5ly 9 8 conv]sation ) 8 wife1 & begg+ u to excuse him = leav+ u1 ,i ask$ him :e!r he knew :]e my bag 0 put1 z ,i want$ to get to my writ+ mat]ial = ! purpose ( dropp+ a l9e to ! ,am]ican ,m9i/]4 ,mr4 ,:ite _h fe>$ t1 n be+ want$ 9 ,russia1 ,i might get into tr\ble soon aft] leav+ ! protection ( our embassy 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 & he _h enjo9$ ^u me t ,i keep 9 con/ant t\* ) him1 z well z ) ! ,am]ican consuls1 :ile 9 ! int]ior4 ,! c\nt in=m+ me t my bag _h be5 plac$ into 8 work+-room1 on ! gr\nd floor ( ! h\se1 ,i _h a glimpse ( ! room 9 :i* "s ( ! greate/ writ+s ( our "t1 ( all times1 fir/ saw ! light ( day4 ,x 0 a small room ) an ord9>y1 b>e floor some:at ! worse = we>1 ) a vault$ ceil+1 & ) v ?ick walls t gave x ! aspect ( a m$iaeval cloi/] cell4 ,i h s9ce read t at "o "t x 0 a /or]oom1 & t f ! hooks 9 ! ceil+ 7 =m]ly susp5d$ ! ham supply = ! family4 ,besides a crude writ+-desk & a few *airs1 !re seem$ to be no o!r furniture 9 ! room1 & its only ornam5ts1 z f> z ,i c recall1 7 "s f>m implem5ts1 tools1 & se$ bags4 ,! desk 0 litt]$ ov] ) books & pap]s1 & %[$ ! k9d ( disord] "o w\ld expect ( a g5ius l ,tol/oy4 ,favor$ suppression ( lawy]s4 ,^u my return to ! tree1 ,i f\nd ! c\nt 9 conv]sation ) my companion1 :o told me lat] t ^u ,tol/oy's ask+ him :at 8 occupation 01 & ^u 8 reply+ t he _h graduat$ f ! law-s*ool ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,mosc[1 & t1 ow+ to re/rictive laws aga9/ ,jews1 he 0 n p]mitt$ to practice1 ! c\nt _h rem>k$ t ! gov]nm5t _h done at lea/ "o good ?+1 x _h dim9i%$ ! numb] ( lawy]s4 ,amaz$ at ! am\nt ( pov]ty 9 ,new ,york4 ,resum+ my seat alongside ( him1 he ask$ me :e!r x 0 true t ,new ,york exp5d$ z mu* z "o hundr$ ?\s& doll>s daily 9 public *>ity4 ,i told him t x probably 0 true4 ,he !n return$ to 8 discussion on ! appall+ contra/ betwe5 ! v ri* & ! v poor ( ! l>ge cities 9 ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,! ri*1 he said1 w\ld nev] be z ri* z !y are nor ! poor z poor if ! latt] 7 scatt]$ z f>m]s ov] ! l&4 ,x is _! congregat+ 9 l>ge numb]s 9 ! cities1 he said1 t makes possible ! ext5sive indu/ries & comm]cial ent]prises :i* enslave !m1 & :i* build up ! great =tunes ( ! ri*4 ,belittl$ 8 own novels4 ,h y read my book ,:at ,to ,d8 he sudd5ly ask$ me4 ,i 0 oblig$ to answ] ,no4 ,i h read x s9ce1 & sev]al times1 & pr(itably1 too1 b1 ?\gh ,i _h read q a numb] ( 8 books be=e ,i met him1 x 0 exce$+ly emb>rass+ to be que/ion$ conc]n+ ! p>ticul> book :i* ,i _h n read4 ,n to appe> altoge!r ignorant ( 8 writ+s1 ,i proce$$ to tell him t ,i _h read 8 ,w> & ,peace1 ,anna ,k>n9a1 etc41 etc41 & />t$ tell+ him h[ mu* ,i admir$ !m1 :51 ) an impati5t look & ge/ure1 he int]rupt$ me1 say+ ,^! works are all *aff1 *aff1 play-toys1 amus+ gild$ y\? & idle wom54 ,x is my s]i\s writ+s :i* ,i want ! _w to read4 ,i h ceas$ publi%+ novels because read]s d n "k ! mean+ ( !m4 ,!y look = ent]ta9m5t & n in/ruction1 & ev5 ?\gh ,i write only = ! uplift ( man1 = ! purification ( society1 !y1 l ! hawk1 seek out only ! c>rion4 ,!y nei!r recognize !mselves "u ! fictiti\s "n ,i adopt1 nor d !y see _! %>e 9 ! wrongs & vices & inju/ices depict$1 nei!r d !y p]ceive t x is = _! co-op]ation t ! noveli/ appeals :5 he pleads = ! k+dom ( heav5 on e>?4 ,spoke ( 8 book ,:at ,to ,d4 ,return+ to 8 book ,:at ,to ,d1 he said1 ev5 if y h n read x1 y h read ! ,prophets1 & hav+ read !m1 y "k my tea*+s4 ,! book is an appeal = pity = ! subm]g$1 = ju/ice = ! wrong$1 = lib]ation ( ! oppress$ & p]secut$1 & = ! application ( ! only rem$y--a return to ! simple life & labor on ! soil4 ,z our subsi/5ce comes f ! soil s c ju/ice & "r & happ9ess come f x alone4 ,help c nev] come f weal?1 = weal? is ! creator ( pov]ty & inequality & inju/ice4 ,x c n come f ! gov]nm5t = t exi/s l>gely = ! purpose ( keep+ up inequality & inju/ice4 ,x _c come f ! *ur*1 = %e fe>s ! ,cz> m ?an %e fe>s ,god4 ,x _c ev5 come f ! s*ools :i* t5d to tra9 a class ( p :o ?9k !mselves too good = manual labor4 ,saw solution ( ,jewi% problem only 9 agriculture4 ,y\r plan to lead y\r p back to ! soil1 he cont9u$1 back to ! occupation :i* y\r fa!rs foll[$ ) honor 9 ,pale/9ian l&s1 is ( "s enc\ragem5t to me4 ,x %[s t ! light is dawn+4 ,x is ! only solution ( ! ,jewi% problem4 ,p]secution1 refusal ( ! "r to own or to till ! soil1 exclusion f ! artisan guilds1 made trad]s ( ! ,jew4 ,& ! _w hates ! trad]4 ,make bread-produc]s ( y\r p1 & ! _w w honor ^? :o give x bread to x4 ,made a reque/ ( me4 ,!re is little *ance at pres5t1 he cont9u$1 = a ,jewi% colonization s*eme 9 ,russia4 ,! gov]nm5t does n want to see ! ,jews root+ !mselves on ,russian soil1 & spreads ! report t !y are unfit = agricultural labor1 ?\gh ,i h be5 reliably in=m$ t 9 ! few ,jewi% agricultural colonies t h be5 tol]at$ on ! /eppes f ! "t ( ,alex&] ,i !y are z successful f>m]s z are ! be/4 ,& he ask$ me z a favor t ,i make a special trip to ^? colonies & report to him1 pref]ably 9 p]son1 ! result ( my obs]vations4 ,i 0 only too anxi\s to cons5t to 8 reque/4 ,& yet ano!r promise he ask$ ( me1 & :i* ,i gave no less *e]fully4 ,b ( ?is ,i %all speak 9 my next disc\rse4 ,my ,visit to ,tol/oy4 7,cont9u$47 ,a ,,disc\rse1 ,,at ,,temple ,,k5ese? ,,israel1 ,,by ,,rabbi ,,joseph ,,krauskopf1 ,d4 ,d4 ,philadelphia1 ,decemb] #be?1 #aiaj4 ,,resum--,disc\rse ,i3 ,reasons = my visit to ,russia & = my call+ on ,tol/oy4 ,8 appe>ance & p]sonality4 ,"s ( 8 views on ,russia1 its /atesm51 religion1 misgov]nm5t4 ,a pause "u ! ,pov]ty ,tree--8 burial place4 ,disc\rse ,,ii3 ,recall$ food-relief = fam9e-/rick5 9 ,russia f ,philadelphia & f ,jewi% congregation 9 ,cali=nia4 ,admir$ ,quak]s = _! opposition to w>4 ,blam$ s*ools = _m social wrongs4 ,sev]ely criticis$ political & economical evils ( our c\ntry4 ,ascrib$ !m to gr[? ( cities & to f>m-des]tions4 ,8 relation%ip ) wife & family4 ,8 work+-room4 ,aga9/ lawy]s4 ,belittl$ 8 novels4 ,spoke ( 8 book ,:at ,to ,d8 ,saw solution ( ,jewi% problem 9 agriculture only4 ,tol/oy sugge/s s*ool = tra9+ ,am]ican lads 9 agriculture4 ,at ! conclusion ( my la/ disc\rse ,i made m5tion ( yet ano!r reque/ c\nt ,tol/oy made ( me4 ,x 0 9 connection ) 8 pr$iction t ! ,russian gov]nm5t w\ld n look favorably ^u my proposition to colonize ,russian ,jews ^u unoccupi$ f>m-l&s 9 ! int]ior4 ,if ! plan _c be ent]$ ^u 9 ,russia1 he ask$1 :y c x n be made successful 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 ,:at are y1 ,am]icans1 do+ to prev5t a ,jewi% problem 9 y\r own c\ntry8 ,h[ long be=e ! evils t are h>r[+ y\r p 9 ! old _w may be h>r[+ !m 9 ! new8 ,y\r p are cr[d+ into y\r l>ge cities by ! ?\s&s & t5s ( ?\s&s4 ,y h built up ,ghettoes worse ?an ^? ( ,europe4 ,!re is excuse = x 9 ,russia2 !re is no excuse = x 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,y\rs is ! "r to own l& & ! be/ ( x1 & to till z mu* ( x z y please4 ,grant$ t ages ( en=c$ ab/5tion f agricultural labor h wean$ ! eld] g5]ation f a love ( c\ntry life & f>m-labor1 :y may n a love = x be in/ill$ 9 ! "y8 ,lead y\r "y p to ! c\ntry & to ! f>m4 ,/>t agricultural s*ools = !m4 ,tea* !m to ex*ange ! y>d-/ick = ! hoe1 ! p$dl]'s pack = ! se$-bag1 & y w solve ! problem :ile x may yet be solv$4 ,y w see ! l&s till$ by !m ov]fl[1 z ( old1 ) milk & honey4 ,y w see !m give ( _! pl5ty to ! p ( ! l&1 & receive 9 return goodly pr(it & e/eem4 ,& once aga9 !re w arise f among ,jewi% husb&m5 prophets1 lawgiv]s1 inspir$ b>ds & tea*]s to :om ! civiliz$ _w w d homage4 ,at yet great] l5g? he spoke on ?is subject1 & ! m he spoke ! m he quick5$ )9 me ! resolve to d z he wi%$ x to be done4 ,f\nd+ ( ,f>m ,s*ool promis$4 ,& !re1 "u ,! ,pov]ty ,tree1 x 0 :]e ,i gave ,tol/oy ! solemn promise t ^u my return home ! e>lie/ task ,i w\ld ent] ^u w\ld be ! e/abli%m5t ( an agricultural s*ool = ,jewi% lads1 & o!r lads4 ,& ! exi/5ce ( ! ,national ,f>m ,s*ool1 ne> ,doyle/[n 9 ?is /ate1 is te/imony t ,i kept my promise4 ,i _h gone to ,russia to see ! ,cz>1 & ,i saw a great] man in/ead4 ,i _h gone ) a plan = coloniz+ ,russian ,jews 9 ,russia1 & ,i return$ ) a plan = tea*+ agriculture *iefly to ,russian ,jewi% lads 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,v]ily1 man proposes & ,god disposes4 ,& ! hundr$s ( "y m5 :o h receiv$ _! agricultural tra9+ at ! ,national ,f>m ,s*ool1 & ! hundr$s ( o!rs1 "y & old1 :o1 directly & indirectly1 h be5 enc\rag$ by t s*ool to =sake ! conge/$ cities & to take up ! f>m]'s life1 owe _! escape f ! mis]ies ( ! ,ghetto1 & _! enjoym5t ( heal? & happ9ess1 to ! promise ask$ ( me by t noble/ ( all f>m]s1 c\nt ,tol/oy4 ,promise kept "u difficulties4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( ! s*ool 0 n an easy task1 nor is its ma9t5ance easy ev5 n[1 not)/&+ ! excell5t record x has made4 ,! bulk ( our p h n yet acquir$ t pr(\nd grasp ( ! s]i\sness ( our problem1 & ( its only possible solution1 t ,tol/oy _h1 sixte5 ye>s ago4 ,!re=e is ! support ( t s*ool /ill s meagre4 ,!re=e has x /ill less ?an a hundr$ /ud5ts 9 att5dance :5 x easily c\ld h a ?\s&1 & m1 if x _h ! means4 ,&1 !re=e1 are our ,ghettoes m cr[d$ ?an ev]1 & a great] dra9 ?an ev] on our *>ities4 ,t despite indiff]5ce & ev5 ho/ility ! s*ool has p]sev]$ is due1 to a v l>ge ext5t1 to ! det]m9ation to keep sacr$ a promise solemnly giv5 to "o ( ! be/ ( m54 ,p>t+ f ,tol/oy4 ,x 0 late t night :5 ,i took leave ( ! c\nt & ( "s ( ! memb]s ( 8 family4 ,be=e dep>t+1 x 0 agre$ t ,i ent] at once ^u my j\rney to ! ,jewi% agricultural colonies 9 ! int]ior1 t ,i might see !m at "w dur+ ! height ( _! h>ve/+1 & a peasant & 8 wagon 7 engag$ to take me on t trip4 ,! c\nt bade me a he>ty ,god-spe$1 & repeat$ly urg$ me to make my report p]sonally to him1 & ,i promis$ t ,i w\ld avail myself a second "t ( 8 pr(f]$ hospitality1 if my way %\ld lead me back aga9 to ,mosc[ or ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,nev] he>d f him aga94 ,un=tunately1 aft] my inspection ( ! ,jewi% agricultural colonies1 :i* fully confirm$ ! favorable reports ! c\nt _h receiv$ ( !m1 my inve/igations l$ me to ! ,s\!rn & ,poli% prov9ces1 & consum$ s mu* ( my limit$ "t t a return ,nor? 0 impossible4 ,& s ,i nev] got to see ! c\nt aga94 ,& ,i nev] he>d f him4 ,nei!r my report1 :i* ,i s5t to him 9 writ+1 nor my o!r communications to him1 writt5 9 ,russia & outside ( x1 h br\ght f him a reply4 ,nev] a l9e f him ev5 9 answ] to ! in=mation s5t him t ! ,national ,f>m ,s*ool1 :i* he _h s /rongly urg$1 _h be5 f\nd$4 ,nev] an ackn[l$gm5t f him ( ! e>ly annual reports ( ! ,s*ool t 7 s5t him to %[ ! headway x 0 mak+4 ,probable reason ( sil5ce4 ,! he>t9ess ( 8 reception ( me1 8 almo/ affectionate f>ewell1 8 deep int]e/ 9 my mission & 8 e>ne/ invitation t ,i repeat my visit to him1 preclude ! ?\ght t ,i 0 =gott5 by him or became indiff]5t to him aft] my dep>ture4 ,!re is b "o explanation--an explanation /r5g!n$ by simil> exp]i5ces ( o!rs 9 connection ) him--none ( my communications ev] rea*$ him4 ,i 0 n want$ 9 ,russia4 ,i 0 a p]sona non grata to ! gov]nm5t2 my "n 0 blackli/$1 & my mail fell "u ! ban ( ! c5sor4 ,) him 9 _s "u ,pov]ty ,tree4 ,b1 if my mail has nev] rea*$ him1 my ?\ghts h be5 ) him (t54 ,_m a "t h ,i sat ) him1 9 _s1 "u t ,pov]ty ,tree4 ,& yet m (t5 w ,i sit ) him !re 9 ! future1 n[ t t site has become ,holy ,gr\nd4 ,has become 8 grave4 ,gladly d ,i =give ! *ur* ( ,russia _m an outrage or blund] %e has p]petrat$ or p]mitt$ to be p]petrat$1 = ! "o good act %e has p]=m$--t ( refus+ ,tol/oy sepulture 9 :at %e is pleas$ to call consecrat$ gr\nd4 ,%e ?us oblig$ him to designate z 8 la/ re/+-place a spot t 0 "o ( ! de>e/ on e>? to him1 a spot t 0 intimately associat$ ) 8 life's philosophy1 a spot locat$ )9 a conf9e :]e9 he rul$ m mightily & m exalt$ly ?an any ,cz> t ev] wield$ scept] 9 va/ ,russia1 :]e he wrote ^? epo*al books ( 8 :i* are de/9$ "s day to become ( ! basal elem5ts ( ! religion ( ! future4 ,no ,cz>ian fun]al m solemn ?an ,tol/oy's4 ,& ev5 ?\gh no prie/ 0 nigh :5 ! la/ rites ov] 8 rema9s 7 p]=m$1 !re 7 pres5t1 besides 8 family1 ^? :o 7 m sacr$ 9 8 eyes ?an prie/s or metropolitan1 m honorable ?an ev5 ! ,procurator ( ! ,holy ,synod--8 de>ly belov$ peasants4 ,x 0 ^! :o foll[$ him to 8 la/ re/+ place4 ,x 0 ^! :o sang ! mortu>y hymn ,ev]la/+ ,memory1 at 8 op5 grave4 ,x 0 ^!1 ! orphan$ peasantry1 z !y call$ !mselves because ( 8 dea?1 :o gave 8 burial a di/9ction su* z no ,cz>ian fun]al procession _h ev] enjoy$1 not)/&+ ecclesia/ical pomp or milit>y display4 ,x 0 ^! ^: labors & outlook he _h s\ght to s(t5 & to bright51 :o deliv]$ ! briefe/ & mo/ eloqu5t eulogy t has1 p]haps1 ev] be5 spok53 ,8 he>t has bur/ because ( 8 unb\nd$ love = humanity4 ,! light ( ! _w is ext+ui%$4 ,9 spite ( h]self *ur* has made a sa9t ( him4 ,9 refus+ religi\s sepulture to ! holie/ man 9 ,russia1 ! ,greek or?odox *ur* p]=m$ ! cr[n+ feat 9 h] long s]ies ( /upidities4 ,& yet1 by t act %e did1 9 despite ( h]self1 ! v ?+ %e did n wi% to see done4 ,l ,mephi/opheles 9 ,goe!'s ,fau/ :o1 9 response to ! "q :o he is1 says3 ,i* b9 e9 ,!il von j5] ,kraft1 die /ets das ,bse w1 und /ets das ,gute s*afft1 s did %e prove h]self ! p[] t s\ght ! evil & yet p]=m$ ! good4 ,by h] act ( intol]ance %e gave a new sa9t to ,russia1 & p]haps ! only "o %e has4 ,by x %e furni%$ a sanctu>y to t c\ntry1 "o t may be de/9$ to make a ,mecca ( ,yasnaya ,polyana1 "o t may be m pi\sly s\ght 9 ! future1 & by l>g] numb]s1 ?an any %r9e or sanctu>y ( h] own creation4 ,by t act %e %$ a halo ( immortal glory ar\nd ! head ( him :om %e s\ght to cov] ) infamy4 ,has two ways ( mak+ sa9ts4 ,! *ur* has two ways ( conf]r+ sa9t%ips1 a less] & a high] "o4 ,! less] di/9ction %e conf]s ^u less] lum9>ies1 g5]ally ^u ^? made fam\s by my? or leg5d = great endurance 9 fa/+ or p5ance1 or = conqu]+ imag9>y devils1 = work+ fanci$ miracles1 or = display+ fi5di% cruelty 9 p]secut+ & ext]m9at+ h]etics4 ,! high] di/9ction %e conf]s g5]ally at ! /ake or on ! gall[s1 )9 prison walls or 9 ! torture *amb]1 ^u m5 ( great m9ds or great he>ts1 ^u lov]s ( tru? & fe>less enunciators ( x1 ^u m5 :o because ( _! love ( humanity defy ! p[] t int]dicts ,god's greate/ gift to man3 ! "r to ?9k & ! "r to believe & speak 9 accordance ) ! canons ( reason & ) ! dictates ( consci5ce4 ,/ill makes ( intol]ance an act ( piety4 ,9 ask+ me ! diff]5ce betwe5 re=m & or?odox ,judaism 9 ,am]ica1 & betwe5 ,am]ican ,re=m ,jews & ,russian ,k>aitic ,jews1 & 9 reply+ t ! diff]5ce exi/s ma9ly 9 ! synagogue1 t outside ( x !re is little or no diff]5ce 9 life & 9 social relation%ip1 ,tol/oy repli$3 ,our *ur* has n yet arriv$ at ! /age ( tol]ance ( diff]5t religi\s beliefs4 ,t is ! reason :y su* p z ! ,jews & ,d\khobors & ,/undi/s are p]secut$1 & su* m5 z ,i are 9 ill repute4 ,our *ur* /ill makes ( religi\s hatr$ an act ( piety4 ,x /ill measures ,god by ! passions ( man4 ,_h ! *ur* ! p[] 9 our days :i* x at "o "t _h1 & 7 ! age ( m>tyrdom n pa/1 %e w\ld long s9ce h sil5c$ me = rebell+ aga9/ h] irrational tea*+ & = d5\nc+ h] crav5 sup95ess 9 ! mid/ ( outrage\s wrongs & inju/ices1 z n[ !y sil5ce m5 9 our c\ntry = rebell+ aga9/ unju/ enactm5ts ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,tol/oy hop$ = ! reign ( univ]sal good-w4 ,^u my say+ t x 0 =tunate = u ( ! pres5t day t all *ur*es h be5 depriv$ ( _! "o-"t all-controll+ p[]1 s9ce no *ur* has yet be5 kn[n to h possess$ p[] & n to h abus$ x1 he repli$3 ,t is true ( all p[]1 temporal z well z ( ecclesia/ic1 & x w\ld be m =tunate /ill if gov]nm5ts 7 z re/rict$ 9 _! p[] z is ! *ur*1 if all p[]1 all au?ority1 7 to cease1 if ! good t is inh]5t 9 e human be+ 7 to be giv5 a *ance to g]m9ate & to fl\ri%1 & e man le>n to live 9 complete h>mony ) ! highe/ ( all laws1 ! law ( peace & good-w1 :i* ,god has writt5 into ! human he>t4 ,!re w\ld !n be no ne$ ( armies & armam5ts1 ( c\rts & police1 ( prisons & jails1 no ne$ ( impov]i%+ ! masses ?r\gh heavy taxation = ! support ( millions ( soldi]s & (fic]s 9 idl5ess1 :o ought to raise _! own bread by _! own h&iwork4 ,believ$ t ! ,messiah is /ill to come4 ,on t day1 said ,i1 ! ,messianic ,age1 = :i* ! ,jews h hop$ & pray$1 w surely h dawn$4 ,to :i* he answ]$3 ,y1 ,jews1 are "r1 ! ,messiah is /ill to come1 or1 if he has come1 8 message has n yet ent]$ ! he>ts ( m54 ,recall+ ?is rem>k ( ,tol/oy1 on ?is ,*ri/mas morn1 sugge/s ! "q3 ,h[ _m ,*ri/mas days w yet h to come & g be=e its gospel ( peace & good-w w gov]n ! he>ts ( all :o call !mselves ,*ri/ians z x gov]n$ t ( ! ,russian peasant-sa9t4 ,less5+ ( *ur* p[] %[n by failure ( ,tol/oy's excommunication4 ,& vividly ,i recall$ 8 rem>ks on ! %orn p[] ( ! *ur*1 :51 six ye>s lat]1 ! pap]s br\ght ! news t ,tol/oy _h be5 excommunicat$ by ! ,russian *ur*4 ,i c\ld picture to myself ! expression ( sorr[ or disgu/ on 8 face :5 t *ur* decree 0 convey$ to him4 ,its ecclesia/ical wra?1 c\ld h meant only holl[ s\nds to him4 ,none knew bett] ?an he t ! metropolitans :o issu$ ?is excommunication m]ely grasp$ at a %ad[1 t ! sub/ance 0 gone1 t t age 0 happily pass$ :5 ! pron\ncem5t ( ! ecclesia/ical ana!ma depriv$ its victim ( all association ) fri5d or foe1 depriv$ him ( int]c\rse ev5 ) ! close/ memb]s ( 8 family1 prev5t$ !m1 "u ! p5alty ( l puni%m5t1 f provid+ him ev5 ) food1 %elt] & raim5t4 ,:5 dur+ 8 flight f home1 %ortly be=e 8 dea?1 he knock$ at ! doors ( a mona/]y1 & said ,i am ! excommunicat$ & ana!matiz$ ,leo ,tol/oy1 ! reply 0 ,x is a duty & a pleasure to (f] y %elt]4 ,! life ( ,tol/oy pass$ on z s]5ely1 9 ! mid/ ( 8 family & fri5ds1 aft] 8 excommunication z be=e4 ,& ! _w's e/eem ( him grew ev5 great] ?an x _h be51 by reason ( ! *>ges ^u :i* ! excommunication 0 bas$1 namely3 ,9 8 writ+s on religi\s que/ions he cle>ly %[s himself an enemy ( ! ,russian ,or?odox ,*ur*4 ,he does n recognize ,god 9 ?ree p]sons 7or ?ree p]sons 9 "o ,god71 & he calls ! ,son ( ,god1 ! second p]son ( ! ,tr9ity1 a mortal human be+4 ,he sc(fs at ! idea ( ,inc>nation4 ,he p]v]ts ! text ( ! ,gospel4 ,he c5sures ! ,holy ,*ur* & calls x a human in/itution4 ,he d5ies ! ,*ur* ,hi]>*y & ridicules ! ,holy ,sacram5ts & ! rites ( ! ,holy ,or?odox ,*ur*4 ,!re=e1 ! ,holy ,synod has decre$ t no prie/ is to absolve ,c\nt ,tol/oy1 or give him communion4 ,nor is he to be giv5 burial gr\nd1 unless1 be=e dep>t+ ?is life he %all rep5t1 ackn[l$ge ! ,or?odox ,*ur*1 believe 9 x1 & return to x4 ,di$ unreconcil$ ) *ur*4 ,he nev] recant$4 ,he nev] *ang$ 8 attitude t[>ds ! errors & wrongs ( ! ,russian or?odox *ur*4 ,& no "o :o ev] /ood & talk$ ) him1 face to face1 c\ld ev] h believ$ t t mod]n ,prome!us1 t /]n & fe>less p]sonality1 t re-inc>nation ( ,matta?ias ( old1 & ( 8 valiant sons1 ! ,maccabees1 c\ld ev] sw]ve f a position once tak5 by him4 ,:5 ^u 8 dea?-b$1 he 0 frequ5tly importun$ to return z a p5it5t to ! "m-*ur*2 he spurn$ e m5tion ( x4 ,he 0 /ill 9 ! possession ( 8 s5ses1 he said1 he /ill knew & believ$ t twice two equals f\r1 & z long z he knew & believ$ ?is s long w\ld he cont9ue to "k & to believe t :at he _h said & writt5 conc]n+ ! errors & wrongs ( ! *ur* 0 ! tru?4 ,nev] a tru] foll[] ( ,jesus ?an he4 ,x is notewor?y1 & q 9 keep+ ) ! g5]al t5or ( ! ,russian or?odox *ur*1 t no cognizance 0 tak5 by ! *ur* ( ! _m noble ?+s ,tol/oy _h said & writt5 & done2 no cognizance ( ! self-sacrific+ ef=ts he _h made to live ! life :i* ,jesus _h liv$ & _h enjo9$ ^u 8 foll[]s2 no cognizance ( 8 hav+ consci5ti\sly endeavor$ to squ>e 8 life ) ! tea*+s ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt2 no cognizance ( 8 hav+ br\ght light to ^? 9 d>kness & com=t to ^? 9 sorr[1 ( 8 hav+ consort$ & labor$ ) ! poor & light5$ _! burd51 ( 8 hav+ ?ir/$ & hung]$ aft] righte\sness1 ( 8 hav+ s\ght peace & prote/$ aga9/ w>1 & prea*$ ! gospel ( ! wrongfulness ( all physical resi/ance1 ( 8 hav+1 ?\gh ( ! olde/ nobility1 spurn$ luxury & ease & ev5 money1 hav+ reg>d$ ^! ! s\rce ( corruption & ! root ( _m ( ! evils 9 society4 ,yet refus$ ,*ri/ian burial4 ,su* a p]son1 & "o ev5 b half z good z ?is1 %\ld h be5 entitl$ to sepulture 9 ! mo/ sacr$ ( ,*ri/ian cemet]ies1 & ! mo/ em95t ( prie/s %\ld h deem$ x a privilege to h be5 p]mitt$ to p]=m ! la/ rites ov] 8 mortal rema9s4 ,s w\ld x h happ5$ among rational p1 b s c\ld x n h happ5$ 9 ,russia4 ,!re1 because he c\ld n subscribe to doctr9es & rites & c]emonies = :i* he f\nd nei!r scriptural nor rational w>rant1 prie/s felt !mselves disgrac$1 & 9 dang] ( et]nal damnation1 ev5 :5 _! names 7 associat$ ) t ( ,tol/oy4 ,prie/ object$ to 8 "n be+ associat$ ) ,tol/oy's4 ,a /rik+ illu/ration ( ?is 0 giv51 sev5 ye>s ago1 at ! univ]sity ( ,dorpat1 at ! occasion ( ! celebration ( its hundr$? anniv]s>y4 ,9 commemoration ( t ev5t ! in/itution elect$ z honor>y memb]s ( ! corporation a numb] ( ,russians di/+ui%$ 9 lit]ature1 sci5ce & art1 "o ( ^! 0 ,tol/oy1 ano!r 0 ,ivan1 ! miracle-work+ prie/ ( ,cron/adt1 elect$ to allay ! *ur*'s indignation at ! *oice ( ,tol/oy4 ,ivan1 ! prie/1 refus$ ! honor1 & 9 ! foll[+ lett] to ! ,rector ( ! ,univ]sity3 ,,y\r ,,excell5cy--,i h read y\r e/imable & respectful lett] to me1 :i* is s full ( subtle delicacy--,i decl9e absolutely ! honor ( ! memb]%ip to :i* ,i h be5 elect$4 ,i d n wi% to become connect$1 9 any way1 ) a corporation--h[ev] respectable & le>n$--:i*1 by "s lam5table misund]/&+1 has put me side by side ) t a!i/ ,leo ,tol/oy--! mo/ malignant h]etic ( our un=tunate age--:o1 9 presumption & arrogance1 surpasses all previ\s h]etics ( any age4 ,i d n wi% to /& beside ,anti*ri/4 ,i am surpris$ fur!rmore1 to see ) :at indiff]5ce ! ,univ]sity ,c\ncil reg>ds t satanic au?or1 & ) :at slavi%ness x burns inc5se to him4 ,,ivan ,,s]geief1 ,prior & ,ar*prie/ ( ! ,cron/adt ,ca!dral4 ,?is lett] tells ( ! attitude ( ! *ur* t[>ds ,tol/oy bett] ?an any words ( m9e c tell4 ,& ?is same ,ivan1 x is said1 approv$ ( ! massacre ( ! petition]s ( ,/4 ,pet]sburg on t memorable ,:ite ,sunday1 & :5 petition$ to protect ! ,jews aga9/ ?reat5+ massacres1 treat$ ! appeal ) sil5t contempt4 ,gov]nm5t hatr$ back ( t ( ! *ur*4 ,x is to be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t ov] & back ( ! ,*ur* ( ,russia /&s ! gov]nm5t4 ,! ,cz> is ! head ( ! *ur*4 ,:om ! gov]nm5t favors ! *ur* favors2 :om ! gov]nm5t hates1 ! *ur* hates4 ,! *ur* hat$ ,tol/oy because ! gov]nm5t hat$ him1 & :y x hat$ him we %all be told 9 ! next disc\rse ( ?is s]ies4 ,my ,visit to ,tol/oy4 7,cont9u$47 ,a ,,disc\rse1 ,,at ,,temple ,,k5ese? ,,israel1 ,,by ,,rabbi ,,joseph ,,krauskopf1 ,d4 ,d4 ,philadelphia1 ,janu>y #a/1 #aiaa4 ,gov]nm5t us$ *ur* = discr$it+ ,tol/oy4 ,speak+ 9 our la/ disc\rse ( ! *ur*'s excommunication ( ,tol/oy1 & ( its refus+ a re/+ place to 8 rema9s 9 :at %e calls consecrat$ gr\nd1 we said t ! ,cz> is ! spiritual z well z ! temporal head ( ! ,*ur* ( ,russia1 & t ! hat$ ( ! *ur* is yet m ! hat$ ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,?is /atem5t expla9s :at o!rwise is difficult to und]/&1 namely1 h[ s good a man z ,tol/oy1 :o1 = m ?an two score ye>s1 /rove to squ>e 8 life ) ! tea*+s ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt1 c\ld h incurr$ ! hatr$ ( ! ,russian or?odox ,*ur*4 ,! gov]nm5t _h f> m reason to hate ,tol/oy ?an _h ! *ur*4 ,f9d+ x impolitic to proce$ directly aga9/ him1 x avail$ itself ( ! *ur* = discr$it+ ,tol/oy 9 ! eyes ( ! cr$ul\s populace4 ,be=e giv+ reason :y4 ,be=e ent]+ ^u a discussion z to :y ! gov]nm5t fe>$ ,tol/oy1 we mu/ fir/ h a glimpse ( 8 e>li] ye>s1 & briefly foll[ 8 h]oic self-extrication f ! corruption ( ! ari/ocratic society into :i* he 0 born1 & 8 gradual rise to ! exalt$ /ation ( greate/ re=m] 9 ! hi/ory ( ,russia4 ,mu/ he> /ory ( 8 life4 ,he 0 born eighty-two ye>s ago ( an anci5t noble family4 ,8 *ildhood ye>s 7 sp5t 9 ! mid/ ( ! gay milit>y life ( ,mosc[4 ,yet m gay & m corrupt 0 ! society t surr\nd$ him dur+ 8 univ]sity life4 ,exp]i5c+ a revulsion ( feel+ aga9/ ! k9d ( life he 0 lead+1 he fl$ f ! univ]sity be=e graduation1 return$ to 8 family e/ate at ,yasnaya ,polyana & took up ! life ( a f>m]4 ,?is impetu\s flight1 & a lat] "o ( :i* we %all he> pres5tly1 may ?r[ "s light ^u 8 la/ flight1 a few weeks ago1 :i* came to a pa!tic end1 & ( :i* we %all speak 9 our next disc\rse4 ,8 e>ly glory & %ame4 ,five ye>s long he liv$ ! life ( a peasant1 :5 a call to arms l&$ him on ! battlefields ( ! ,crimea1 :]e he soon won di/9ction = h]oic s]vice4 ,b ! dissolut5ess ( campaign-life soon disclos$ t ! ,t>t> 9 him 0 n yet dead4 ,he return$ to ! debau*]ies ( 8 =m] ye>s1 &1 accord+ to 8 own confession1 ) all ! great] ze/1 because ( ! d\ble glory t _h come to him1 t ( a di/+ui%$ soldi] & ( a brilliant au?or4 ,he _h tak5 to /ory-writ+1 & display$ 9 x a tal5t t made success in/antane\s4 ,he became ! lion ( 8 day1 & 0 c\rt$ by high & l[4 ,& ! great] 8 glory ! m unre/ra9$ grew 8 lib]t9ism4#a #a ,see 8 book ,my ,confession4 ,8 re=m4 ,b !re 7 lucid int]vals1 n[ & !n1 dur+ :i* he held up to himself ! l(ty ideals ( 8 =m] peasant life1 & bitt]ly he d5\nc$ himself1 & ev5 portray$ himself unsp>+ly 9 ! "*-sket*es ( "s ( 8 novels4 ,8 bett] self acquir$ ma/]y at la/2 he ?rew (f ! yoke t _h held him fa/ to ! corrupt society ( 8 day1 & = ! second "t he fl$ to 8 e/ate4 ,he himself told ( ! circum/ance t l$ to t flight4 ,he _h att5d$ a ball at ! home ( a prom95t nobleman1 & pass$ ! night 9 danc+ & fea/+1 leav+ 8 peasant-coa*man wait+ = him outside1 9 an op5 sleigh1 9 a bitt] cold night4 ,:5 at f\r 9 ! morn+ he wi%$ to return home1 he f\nd ! coa*man seem+ly froz5 dead1 & x requir$ sev]al h\rs ( /r5u\s ef=t to re/ore him to consci\sness & to save 8 life4 ,:y1 he ask$ himself1 %\ld ,i1 a ri*1 "y ari/ocrat1 :o has done no?+ = society1 sp5d ! night amid w>m? & luxuries & fea/+s1 :ile ?is peasant :o repres5ts ! class t has built our cities1 giv5 u our food & clo?+ & o!r necessities1 be kept outside to freeze8 ,he resolv$1 !n & !re1 to d$icate ! rema9d] ( 8 life to ! right+ ( ?is & o!r wrongs4 ,& he kept 8 promise4 ,h[ /rong an impression ?is incid5t made ^u him may be ga!r$ f an indirect allusion to x1 9 8 novel ,ma/] & ,man1 publi%$ "s two score ye>s lat]4 ,consecrates life to peasant4 ,x 0 disc\rag+ "w at fir/4 ,! p :om he desir$ to b5efit _h no fai? 9 him4 ,!y c\ld n conceive ( an ari/ocrat1 to :om ! s]fs _h be5 no m ?an worms to be trod ^u1 becom+ sudd5ly int]e/$ 9 _! welf>e4 ,!re 7 long spells ( utt] di%e>t5m5t4 ,a numb] ( times he f\nd himself at ! br9k ( suicide4 ,he s\ght relief & div]sion 9 travel1 b return$ m conv9c$ ?an ev] ( ! corruptions & evils ( society1 ( ! tyranny ( ! classes & ( ! suff]+s ( ! masses4 ,m>riage op5$ at la/ a new vi/a ( life to him4 ,aid$ & /imulat$ by 8 cultur$ & companionable wife he ent]$ ^u 8 re=m "w by direct+ a p[]ful se>*-light on ! go+s-on among ! high & ! l[1 9 a s]ies ( novels t secur$ = him at once rank among ! greate/ noveli/s ( 8 age4 ,aid$ by 8 writ+s4 ,9 ! second disc\rse ( ?is s]ies1 ,i spoke ( 8 hav+ deprecat$ 8 novels1 & ( 8 hav+ express$ 8 pref]5ce = 8 e?ical & religi\s & sociological & economical & political writ+s4 ,i v5tur$ to say to him t b = 8 novels he w\ld h gott5 b comp>atively few p to look into 8 o!r writ+s1 t 8 fiction _h secur$ a _w-wide audi5ce1 t !y conta9$ _m ( ! tea*+s ( 8 o!r books1 & t ! public swall[s a moral pill easie/ :5 (f]$ 9 ! =m ( a novel4 ,to :i* he repli$ ,mo/ read]s swall[ ! sug>-coat+ & leave ! pill unt\*$1 or1 if !y swall[ x1 x rema9s unassimilat$4 ,8 novels criticiz$4 ,& he 0 "r4 ,i h he>d mu* criticism ( ,tol/oy's novels4 ,"s f9d him too reali/ic1 too pla9 spok51 ev5 co>se4 ,a c]ta9 magaz9e t _h begun publi%+ 8 ,resurrection 0 oblig$ to discont9ue ! /ory1 because ( compla9ts by _m ( its read]s4 ,x 0 a sad comm5t>y1 n on ! morals ( ! writ] b on ! lack ( morals1 or on ! false mode/y1 ( ! read]s1 = t novel has be5 decl>$ by em95t critics to be ! greate/ & mo/ moral novel ev] writt54 ,o!rs aga9 value 8 realism = :atev] spice !y might f9d !re91 little he$+ ! s]i\s purpose = :i* ! /ory 0 writt54 ,few "k mean+ ( novel 9 ,russia4 ,at be/1 few p und]/& ! mean+ ( a novel 9 su* a c\ntry z ,russia1 :]e free press1 free pulpit1 free plat=m & free spee* are unkn[n1 :]e ! noveli/ attempts to d ! "w ( all ( ^!1 "u ! guise ( fiction1 ! only =m ( lit]ature t has a *ance to pass ! eye ( ! c5sor4 ,:ole sy/ems ( political & social & moral re=m are cr[d$ betwe5 ! cov]s ( a novel1 :i*1 if publi%$ 9 any o!r =m ( lit]ature1 w\ld condemn ! au?or to life-long imprisonm5t 9 ! ,sib]ian m9es4 ,! noveli/ 9 ,russia does n look ^u himself z an ent]ta9] nor z a money-mak]1 nei!r is he look$ ^u z su*4 ,he is ! prophet1 ! lead]1 ! tea*]1 ! tribune ( ! p1 ! lib]ator--! emancipation ( ! ,russian s]fs1 = in/ance1 0 entirely due to ! novel4 ,he has s]i\s "w to d1 & he does x s]i\sly4 ,8 eye is n ^u rhetoric nor ^u ae/hetics1 b ^u ! evil he has to uproot1 on ! corruption he has to expose1 on ! re=m he has to in/itute1 on ! philosophy ( life he has to unfold1 & to d t means ! production ( a novel l ,anna ,k>n9a or ( a play l ,! ,p[] ( ,d>kness4 ,he speaks n to ,engli% or ,am]ican puritans1 b to ,russians1 ^: receptivity ( /rong1 pla9 spee* is heal?i] ?an ours4 ,spoke z a prophet & re=m]4 ,su* a noveli/ 0 ,tol/oy4 ,8 fiction is z p[]ful z is ! art ( ! ,pre-,raphaelites4 ,x is all s9c]ity4 ,no?+ escapes him4 ,:at ! ,x-,ray does 9 ! physical _w t 8 p5etrat+ eye does 9 ! field ( morals4 ,he sees ! s9 ?r\gh a ?\s& lay]s ( pret5se & hypocrisy1 & he describes x z he sees x4 ,disagreeable z are "s ( ! subjects ( :i* he treats1 !re is n a l9e t may n be read )\t a blu% by ! pure-m9d$4 ,l a surgeon1 :o cuts into ! sore = ! purpose ( lett+ out ! poison1 he lays b>e ! wrongs & rott5ness ( *ur* & gov]nm5t = ! purpose ( affect+ ! ne$$ cure4 ,z a prophet he speaks ! language ( prophets4 ,z a re=m] he tells ! tru? z re=m]s tell x1 unv>ni%$ & ung>ni%$4 ,he sp>es o!rs z little z he sp>$ himself 9 8 book ,my ,confession4 ,he wants o!rs to d z he has done1 to subject ! lu/s & appetites & gre$s to ! rule ( consci5ce1 if ! k+dom ( ,god is ev] to be e/abli%$ on e>?4 ,oppos$ by gov]nm5t4 ,radical 9 8 re=m propositions f ! fir/1 he attract$ att5tion at once4 ,! _w 0 amaz$ at ! d>+ ( 8 ?\ght & at ! pla9ness ( 8 spee*1 & hail$ him z a new prophet4 ,! gov]nm5t1 h[ev]1 look$ ^u him z a revolutioni/1 & gave him cle>ly to und]/& t he w\ld be sil5c$ if he did n *ange 8 views & /yle ( writ+4 ,in/ead ( comply+ ) its wi%1 he became all ! m d>+ 9 ?\ght & all ! pla9] 9 spee*4 ,! humble/ peasant c\ld und]/& z cle>ly z ! %rewde/ diplomat :at he 0 aft]4 ,& x 0 n long be=e ! gov]nm5t 0 aft] him4 ,! publication & sale ( c]ta9 ( 8 books 7 prohibit$4 ,!y 7 read all ! m outside ( ,russia1 & by ! ?\s&s ( copies )9 ,russia4 ,& ! m !y 7 read ! l>g] loom$ 8 _w-fame1 till he became too l>ge = bani%m5t or prison1 = =tress or ,sib]ian m9e4 ,*all5g$ gov]nm5t to d its wor/4 ,) all ! fi]y zeal ( an anci5t ,jewi% prophet1 he *all5g$ ! gov]nm5t to d its wor/1 to tight5 ! well-soap$ noose ab\t 8 ?roat z x tight5$ x ab\t ! ?roats ( ?\s&s ( bett] m5 ?an any t are 9 ! s]vice ( ! autocrat or ( 8 hirel+s1 ! bureaucrats4 ,!irs 0 a gov]nm5t1 he said1 by might n by "r1 by gall[s & kn\t1 n by law4 ,8 political dem&s4 ,he dem&$ ! abolition ( ! ?rone & ( capital puni%m5t1 ! disb&+ ( ! army1 & ! discont9uance ( trial by c\rt-m>tial4 ,he dem&$ lib]ty ( spee* & fre$om ( consci5ce4 ,he dem&$ ! surr5d] to ! p ( l&s & rights t ju/ly belong$ to !m1 & sca?+ly he d5\nc$ ^? :o wa/$ 9 riot\sness :at _h be5 pa9fully gott5 toge!r ) ! he>t's blood ( ! labor+-p4 ,he d5\nc$ ! gov]nm5t = its cruelty t[>d ! ,jews1 & *>g$ x ) hav+ in/igat$ ! massacres ( !m4 ,he held ! gov]nm5t responsible = e mis=tune t befell ! c\ntry--w>1 fam9e1 pe/il5ce1 int5se pov]ty1 hopeless mis]y1 appall+ ignorance4 ,9 burn+ words he *>g$ ! slaught] ( t5s ( ?\s&s ( husb&s & fa!rs & sons1 9 ! ,japanese w>1 to ! gre$ ( ! mighty4 ,he depict$ ! ,duma z ! laugh+ /ock ( ! _w1 z compos$ ( p s /upid z n ev5 to recognize :at fools !y 7 mak+ ( !mselves4 ,9 8 ,resurrection he held up to ! view ( ! _w ,russia's c\rts ( law1 & h] iniquit\s prison-sy/em1 ! block+ ( ju/ice1 ! %ock+ judicial indiff]5ce & laxities 9 cases involv+ life-long s5t5ces to p5al s]vitude1 ! lives t are %$ l wat] ^u ! gr\nd dur+ ! transport to ,sib]ia1 & ! crimes & rebellions t are sy/ematically br$ by su* cry+ inju/ice4 ,little wond] t ! gov]nm5t _h no love = ,tol/oy1 & t x suppress$ publication aft] publication ( 81 & ma9ta9$ a special corps ( c5sors & spies to wat* him4 ,little wond] t x prohibit$ demon/rations ( sorr[ at ! ann\ncem5t ( 8 dea?1 & made use ( ! *ur* z a cat's paw = hold+ him up z ! ,anti-,*ri/1 & ar*-fi5d1 z ! enemy ( ! ,cz>1 ,*ur* & p4#b #b ,see 8 essay ,*ur* & ,/ate4 ,8 dem&s ( ! p4 ,pla9 & fe>less z 0 8 spee* to ! gov]nm5t x 0 yet m s to ! p4 ,n a wrong 9 society1 public or private1 :i* he did n "k1 & :i* he did n ca/igate z only he knew h[ to ca/igate4 ,l\d] & l\d]1 z he grew old]1 he prea*$ ! ,law ( ,god aga9/ ! law ( deg5]ate society4 ,art & sci5ce1 comm]ce & indu/ry 7 to him z no?+ 9 comp>ison ) ! ,moral ,law1 )\t :i* he saw no future = mank9d4 ,8 views respect+ m>riage & society4 ,! sanctity ( ! m>riage tie1 ! sobriety & indu/ry ( ! husb&1 ! dome/icity ( ! wife1 7 among ! mo/ con/ant ( 8 !mes4 ,he loa!d ! self-exhibit+ society woman2 9 8 eyes %e 0 no bett] ?an ! /reet-woman4 ,great to him 0 ! womanly woman1 great] ! dome/ic wife1 greate/ ( all ! "m1 & s _m m times great] ! m times %e 0 "m4#c #c ,see 8 essays ,man & ,woman1 ,_! ,respective ,functions2 & ,! ,"m1 & 8 book ,:at ,to ,d8 ,8 views respect+ labor & capital4 ,! sad lot ( ! poor & ! riot\s extravagances ( ! ri* 7 con/antly recurr5t subjects ( discussion ) him4 ,we speak ( ! abolition ( slav]y1 said he1 b we h aboli%$ only ! ^w1 ! poor are enslav$ z mu* z ev]4 ,we ne$ a new emancipation1 ! emancipation ( ! ri* f ! tyranny ( _! money1 f ! ?raldom ( ! false view ( !mselves & ( society4 ,) :at "r d m5 speak ( ! abolition ( slav]y1 :5 e "t !y look into ! mirror !y see a slave-driv]1 :5 !y live 9 idl5ess1 & fatt5 on ! he>t's blood ( ! d[n-trodd51 :5 !y indulge _! /oma*s ) ! *oice/ ( da9ties1 & wrap _! bodies 9 silks & broad clo?s & furs1 :ile ^?1 ^: slavi% toil provides ^! luxuries & com=ts1 h n en\gh food to keep body & s\l toge!r1 nor en\gh ( raim5t & %elt] to keep f freez+8 ,9 an article1 publi%$ a few ye>s ago 9 ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,review1 ,tol/oy spoke ( a gr\p ( peasants /&+ aside to let a picknick+ p>ty ( ri* folks drive by4 ,"o ( ! ladies' hats has co/ m ?an ! horse ) :i* ! peasant pl[s ! field1 & = ! g5tleman's rid+ /ick has be5 paid a week's wages ( an und]gr\nd workman4 ,ev]y:]e1 two or ?ree m5 9 a ?\s& live s t1 do+ no?+ = !mselves1 !y eat & dr9k 9 "o week :at w\ld h f$ hundr$s = a ye>2 !y we> g>m5ts co/+ ?\s&s ( doll>s2 !y live 9 palaces1 :]e ?\s&s ( workm5 c\ld h be5 h\s$2 & !y sp5d ^u _! caprices ! fruits ( ?\s&s & t5s ( ?\s&s ( work+ days4 ,! o!rs1 sleepless & unf$1 labor beyond _! /r5g?1 ru9+ _! moral & physical heal? = ! b5efit ( ^! few *os5 ones4 ,x is natural t ! ri* %\ld n object to ?is arrangem5t1 said he1 ! surpris+ ?+ is t ! poor take x s complac5tly4 ,:y d all ^! m51 /rong 9 physical vigor1 & 9 ! habit ( labor--! enorm\s majority ( humanity--:y d !y submit to & obey a h&ful ( feeble m51 g5]ally incapable ( any?+8 ,tol/oy f9ds ! answ] v simple4 ,x is because ! m9ority h money1 & ! work+m5 ne$ ! money to fe$ _! families4 ,millions ( work+m5 submit because "o man has usurp$ ! factory1 ano!r ! l&1 & a ?ird ! taxes collect$ f ! workm54 ,7 ! millions1 :o n[ slave = ! ri*1 to get _! food f ! soil1 ! ri*1 to keep alive1 w\ld be oblig$ to raise _! own food1 & ! d\ble r$emption w\ld h begun4 ,x is because ! numb] ( work]s :o produce ! prime necessities ( life is dim9i%+ t ! numb] ( ^? :o use luxuries is increas+4 ,"u su* conditions1 ! heal? ( society1 wrote he1 is z little possible z is ! heal? ( t p]son1 ^: body is cont9ually gr[+ heavi] 9 weight1 & 8 legs are cont9ually gr[+ ?9n] & weak]4 ,:5 ! support vani%es ! body mu/ fall4#d #d ,see also 8 book ,:at ,to ,d8 & 8 essay ,! ,russian ,revolution4 ,8 ,rem$y4 ,z a bitt] oppon5t ( viol5t measures1 he saw b "o way = right+ ! wrongs ( society1 & t is 9 ! well-to-d desc5d+ to ! l[ly & />t+ life anew ) !m on a common level1 & ris+ ) !m /ep by /ep to ! high] planes4 ,& to prev5t a relapse to ! old iniquit\s /ate1 he advocat$ ! eradication ( capital1 :i* he held responsible = _m ( ! inequalities & tyrannies & mis]ies ( society4 ,let ! ri*1 said he1 conv]t _! money into l& & p>cel x out among ! poor1 & claim = !mselves no m ?an an equal %>e ) ! o!rs4 ,m]ely wi%+ ! poor well1 & yet cont9u+ ! old /ate ( affairs1 is l sitt+ on a man's neck & cru%+ him d[n1 yet all ! "t assur+ him & o!rs t we are sorry = him1 & wi% to ease 8 condition by e means 9 our p[] except by gett+ (f 8 back4 ,or x is l ent]+ an or*>d1 & b>r+ ! door beh9d1 & ga!r+ its fruit = ourselves1 & wi%+ o!rs might h z mu* yet cont9u+ to keep ! door b>r$ & ga!r+ = ourselves alone4#e #e ,see 8 book ,:at ,to ,d8 & 8 essay ,money4 ,if we really wi% to see ! lot ( ! poor improv$1 said he1 we mu/ n look = a miracle to effect x nor tru/ to "s future age to br+ x ab\t4 ,we mu/ d x ourselves1 & we mu/ d x n[4 ,& we mu/ d x at ! co/ ( self-sacrifice4 ,if p really wi% to improve ! condition ( _! bro!r m51 & n m]ely _! own1 !y mu/ be ready n only to alt] ! way ( life to :i* !y are accu/om$1 b !y mu/ be ready = an int5se /ruggle ) !mselves & _! families4#f #f ,! ,slav]y ( ,our ,times4 ,society w nev] be at peace1 said he1 until man w h le>n$ ! s]vice ( sacrifice4 ,& man w nev] be happy until he w h le>n$ to f9d 8 happ9ess 9 mak+ o!rs happy4#g #g ,cossacks4 ,*ri/'s ,*ri/ianity4 ,my ,visit to ,tol/oy 7,conclud$47 ,a ,,disc\rse1 ,,at ,,temple ,,k5ese? ,,israel1 ,,by ,,rabbi ,,joseph ,,krauskopf1 ,d4 ,d4 ,philadelphia1 ,janu>y #h?1 #aiaa4 ,tol/oy's fatal flight4 ,! _w 0 amaz$1 a few weeks ago1 at ! news t ,tol/oy _h fl$ f 8 family & home1 ) ! resolve to retire to "s wild]ness1 !re to await 8 end4 ,guesses z to ! cause 7 _m1 & ! op9ion 0 q g5]al t extreme old age _h affect$ 8 reason4 ,expla9$ 9 light ( la/ article ( 84 ,i c\ld n subscribe to ?is conclusion1 nei!r c\ld ,i see any?+ /range 9 8 sudd5 dep>ture4 ,i knew ( a numb] ( simil> flights 9 8 life1 & ! reasons = !m1 &1 !re=e1 ,i 0 little surpris$4 ,& z to suspect+ him ( fail+ m5tality1 ,i _h b a %ort "t be=e read ! late/ ( 8 writ+s1 entitl$ ,?ree ,days 9 a ,village1 9 :i* ,i _h se5 no sign ( a less5+ ( 8 p[] ( m9d & he>t & s\l4 ,& x is obvi\s t ! ,russian gov]nm5t1 likewise1 saw no less5+ ( 8 m5tality1 = x promptly suppress$ ! publication ( x4 ,an ent]pris+ newspap] man1 h[ev]1 succe$$ 9 =w>d+ a copy to our c\ntry1 :i* ent]prise n only rescu$ = u ! la/ ( ,tol/oy's writ+s b also furni%$ u an explanation ( 8 sudd5 & fatal flight4 ,divid$ into ?ree p>ts4 ,! article1 a comp>atively %ort "o1 0 divid$ into ?ree p>ts1 ea* a he>t-r5d+ recital ( mis]ies 9 villages neighbor+ ! c\nt's e/ate4 ,fir/ "p describ$ peasant pov]ty4 ,! fir/ "p deals ) wayf>+ m54 ,f six to twelve ( !m visit ^! villages daily 9 se>* ( bread & clo!s1 ( "w & %elt]4 ,"s are bl9d or lame1 "s sick or feeble1 "s are v old or v "y1 "s are maim$ or crippl$1 dragg+ ) !m hide\s memories ( ! rec5t ,japanese w>4 ,_m ( !m are ignorant & fil?y1 b "s ( !m are intellig5t & revolution>y1 :o look ^u ! prosp]\s z ?ieves1 & ask = _! %>e ( ! co9$ blood press$ f ! he>ts ( ! poor & d[n-trodd54 ,to keep ^! unceas+ /reams ( wayf>+ paup]s f becom+ a gov]nm5t *>ge1 !y are p>cell$ out by ! au?orities among ! poor & helpless peasantry1 good c>e be+ tak5 t !y are n load$ ^u ! l&lords1 m]*ants or prie/s4 ,! wick$ness ( ?is c\rse is fully intelligible only to ^? :o h "s conception ( ! indescribable pov]ty & mis]y ( ,russian peasants4 ,/ripp$ ( almo/ all by taxation & by l&lord oppression & by prie/ & con/able extortion1 _m ( !m h sc>cely food & room en\gh = !mselves & cattle1 sc>cely clo!s en\gh to cov] _! nak$ness1 no money ) :i* to buy ! absolutely necess>y f>m+-implem5ts1 or to keep _! wret*$ hovels f toppl+ ov] _! heads4 ,& yet1 not)/&+ _! appall+ mis]y1 ,tol/oy saw _! he>ts g out 9 pity to ^! w&]+ paup]s1 & religi\sly divid+ _! cru/ ) ^? yet m un=tunate ?an !y1 n kn[+ h[ soon !y !mselves might be 9 a simil>ly wret*$ plight4 ,second "p describ$ peasant mis]y4 ,! second "p ( ! article be>s ! sub-title ,liv+ & ,dy+4 ,^u ent]+ ! village accompani$ by 8 physician1 ! c\nt 0 entreat$ = aid by a woman4 ,^u inquiry he le>n$ t h] husb& _h be5 draft$ into ! army1 & t ! family 0 />v+4 ,^u ask+ ! village au?ority :y ! law _h be5 violat$ 9 tak+ f a family its sole support]1 he 0 told t ! husb&'s bro!r 0 q capable ( support+ ! family4 ,next he met a little orphan girl twelve ye>s old1 :o 0 ! head ( a family ( five *ildr54 ,h] fa!r _h be5 kill$ 9 a m9e2 h] "m _h dropp$ dead f exhau/ion1 a few weeks aft]2 poor b k9d-he>t$ neighbors kept _! eyes on ! *ildr51 :il/ ! olde/ w5t ab\t begg+ ! means = _! support4 ,9 ano!r hovel he f\nd a man 9 8 dea?-?roes ) pneumonia4 ,! room 0 damp & cold2 !re 0 no fuel = ! /ove2 no food1 no m$ic9e1 no mattress1 no pill[1 = ! dy+ man4 ,contra/$ ) extravagance 9 8 own family4 ,sadd5$ by :at he _h se5 & he>d ! c\nt drove home4 ,9 front ( 8 h\se he saw a c>pet$ sleigh1 drawn by magnific5t horses1 driv5 by a coa*man attir$ 9 heavy fur-coat & cap4 ,x 0 ! conveyance ( ! c\nt's son1 :o _h come on a visit to 8 fa!r4 ,!re 7 t5 at ! table1 :o p>took ( a d9n] ( f\r c\rses1 spic$ by two k9ds ( w9e4 ,two butl]s 7 9 att5dance1 & co/ly fl[]s 7 on ! table4 ,:5ce came ^! or*ids8 ask$ ! son1 to :i* ! "m repli$ t !y _h come all ! way f ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,!y co/ a ruble & a half a piece1 said ! son1 add+ t at a rec5t conc]t ! :ole /age 0 smo!r$ ) or*ids4 ,ano!r at ! table talk$ ( a little recreation trip to ,italy1 b ?\ght x tr\blesome to be oblig$ to sp5d ?irty-n9e h\rs 9 an express tra91 & regrett$ t aviation _h n proce$$ f> en\gh to make possible a trip to ,italy 9 %ort] "t4 ,! c\nt contra/$ ^! table sights & s\nds ) ^? he _h se5 & he>d 9 ! village 9 ! c\rse ( ! day1 & he left ! table ev5 sadd] ?an he 0 :5 he came to x4 ,?ird "p describ$ peasant oppression4 ,! ?ird "p ( ! article deals ) ! taxation ( ! villag]s4 ,f "o old peasant ! tax collectors took 8 samov>--! brass kettle = mak+ tea--z indisp5sable to a ,russian z a /ove is to u4 ,f ano!r1 a wid[1 !y took a %eep2 f ano!r !y took a c[1 & s on4 ,"o poor woman (f]$ him "s l95 at ! price ( two rubles1 ! am\nt %e ne$$ = taxes1 say+ t1 if %e fail$ to make ! sale1 !y w seize n only ! l95 b also h] *ick5s1 h] only means ( support4 ,t wom5 play s l>ge a "p 9 ^! taxations is due to s _m ( ! m5 hav+ be5 kill$ 9 ! ,japanese w>1 or s]v+ 9 ! army4 ,^u remon/rat+ ) ! village au?orities1 he 0 told t !y 7 sorry = ! poor p1 b helpless1 t !y _h receiv$ in/ructions f headqu>t]s to be unsp>+ 9 ! dis*>ge ( _! duty4 ,^u visit+ ! di/rict *ief he 0 made cle>ly to recognize t back ( 8 sev]ity lay 8 ambition = promotion z a reliable1 immovable gov]nm5t (ficial4 ,felt t all 8 labors _h be5 9 va94 ,little wond]1 t ! gov]nm5t suppress$ ! publication ( ?is la/ ( ,tol/oy's writ+s4 ,little wond]1 t ! ?ree days sp5t amid ! mis]ies ( ! villag]s sadd5$ 8 he>t beyond endurance4 ,& /ill less wond]1 t ! gov]nm5t's responsibility = x1 & ! _w's indiff]5ce to x1 ev5 8 own family's1 drove him to despair1 rip5$ 9 him ! resolve to retire to "s wild]ness1 :]e ! s\l w\ld no long] be h>r[$ by ! sight ( human outrages & suff]+s4 ,9 ! mid/ ( su* mis]ies z he saw1 he mu/ h felt t ! m ?an half a c5tury ( unceas+ labors 9 behalf ( ! poor & d[n-trodd51 all 8 r5unciations & sacrifices _h all be5 9 va94 ,he mu/ h felt t ! lot ( ! peasant 0 z bad z ev]1 t ! gov]nm5t 0 z cruel z be=e1 t all 8 writ+s & all 8 plead+s = a m equitable division ( ,god's gifts _h fail$ to make ! slighte/ impression ^u ! p1 judg+ by ! extravagances )9 8 own family1 see+ f\r c\rses ( delicacies on 8 own table1 at a s+le meal1 two k9ds ( w9e1 co/ly or*ids1 :51 at b a %ort di/ance away1 m5 & wom51 ev5 *ildr51 work+ inf9itely h>d] ?an any ( 8 own family1 des]v+ inf9itely m ?an any :o "l x ov] !m1 7 lit]ally />v+ = ! want ( ! necessities ( life1 7 dy+ 9 agony = ! want ( m$ical c>e & ord9>y com=ts1 _h _! la/ possession tak5 f !m by pitiless tax-collectors = ! support ( a va/ army ( soldi]s & (ficials1 = ! ma9t5ance ( a co/ly & an oppressive autocracy4 ,not$ 8 discont5t :5 9 conv]sation ) him4 ,ev5 z f> back z #ahid1 :5 he 0 sixte5 ye>s y\ng] ?an he 0 at ! "t ( 8 flight1 ev5 !n ,i not$ 9 my conv]sations ) him an und]curr5t ( deep sorr[ :5 dwell+ on ! suff]+s ( ! p1 an occasional outbur/ ( impati5ce at ! sl[ness ( progress1 & n[ & !n a cry ( despair1 an utt] hopelessness ( ev] see+ a /ate ( society diff]5t f :at x 04 ,^? responsible = wrongs *>g$ him ) irreligion4 ,:at seem$ to vex him mo/ 0 see+ ! v p :o 7 responsible = ^! wrongs & outrages consid]+ !mselves religi\s1 & br&+ z infam\s su* a man z he ^: sole cry 0 = ju/ice & "r4 ,because !y mumble s _m pray]s a day1 said he to me1 :5 speak+ ( ,pobdi$ono/zief1 & cross !mselves s _m times1 & fa/ s _m days 9 ! ye>1 !y consid] !mselves ,*ri/ian1 z = ! re/ ( _! conduct1 "o f9ds x difficult to believe t !y _h ev] he>d ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt1 ( ! ,gold5 ,rule or ( ! ,mosaic comm& ,?\ %all love ?y neighbor z ?yself4 ,ask+ me = an explanation ( ,re=m ,judaism1 & tell+ him t is 0 f\nd$ ^u an emphasis on ! _s ( religion r ?an on its =ms1 he repli$ t x w\ld n be tol]at$ 9 ,russia1 t ! m]e words ,re=m & ,_s 7 q suffici5t to condemn x4 ,! gov]nm5t kn[s t !y :o seek ! ,_s also seek ! ,tru?1 & x is afraid t ,tru? w ov]?r[ autocracy & hi]>*y1 bl9d ob$i5ce & /upid c]emony1 & w set m5 free4 ,few m5 _h /udi$ religion z mu* z he4 ,!re are _m ?+s 9 connection ) ,tol/oy :i* ,russia ( ! future w wi% to see expung$ f ! pages ( its hi/ory1 & *ief ( ^! w be its hav+ br&$ him z infam\sly irreligi\s4 ,few m5 h be5 z g5u9ely religi\s z he4 ,few m5 h giv5 religion z mu* ?\ght z he4 ,few m5 h writt5 on religi\s subjects z mu* z he4 ,rebell$ aga9/ adult]ation ( religion4 ,he /udi$ ! ,scriptures 9 ! orig9al languages1 & c>efully he read ,*ur* doctr9e & dogmatic !ology1 & ! m he read ! firm] became 8 conviction t ,*ri/'s ,*ri/ianity 0 q a diff]5t ?+ f ,*ur* ,*ri/ianity4 ,he reject$ ! latt]1 & f]v5tly he esp\s$ ! =m]4 ,?ree-f\r? ( :at passes = ,*ri/ianity1 he said1 has no hi/orical nor logical nor spiritual w>rant4 ,he saw h[ its fundam5tal pr9ciple1 ! equality ( all m5 z sons ( ,god1 _h be5 p]v]t$ to give ! classes ! "r to enslave ! masses4 ,he saw h[ a div9e be+ _h be5 made ( ,jesus1 & h[ ?is enabl$ ! *ur* to say t liv+ ! life he liv$1 & practic+ ! precepts he prea*$ 0 impossible = human be+s4 ,he _h read 9 ! ,scriptures n to resi/ evil1 & yet _h be5 taught ! soldi]'s trade1 ! art ( kill+4 ,! army to :i* he _h belong$ 0 call$ ,! ,*ri/ophile ,army1 & x 0 s5t =? ) a ,*ri/ian b5$iction4 ,"o day1 he said1 he 0 read+ 9 ,hebrew1 ) a ,rabbi1 ! fif? *apt] ( ,mat!w4 ,aft] ne>ly e v]se ! ,rabbi said ,?is is 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t or 9 ! ,talmud1 & %[$ me ! correspond+ passages4 ,:5 we rea*$ ! words ,resi/ no evil1 ! ,rabbi did n say ,?is is 9 ! ,talmud1 b he ask$ ,d ! ,*ri/ians obey ?is comm&8 ,d !y turn ! o!r *eek8 ,i _h no?+ to say 9 reply1 said ,tol/oy1 = at t p>ticul> "t1 ,*ri/ians1 f> f turn+ ! o!r *eek1 7 smit+ ! ,jews ^u bo? *eeks4 ,i saw ! support ! *ur* gave to p]secutions & to ! dea? p5alty1 & my s\l cri$ out aga9/ x4 ,& 8 m9d rebell$1 he said & wrote1 aga9/ ! my?ology :i* 0 p>ad$ z !ology1 su* tea*+s z ! immaculate conception1 ! heav5 op5+ & ! angels s++1 ,*ri/'s fly+ ?r\gh ! air & into ! sky1 & seat+ himself at ! "r h& ( ,god4 ,he d5\nc$ z blasphem\s su* tea*+s z t by p>tak+ ( ! ,sacram5t ,god's body becomes assimilat$ ) t ( man1 or t ( ,god be+ ?ree ,gods 9 "o1 be+ /ill angry at man = ! s9 ( ,adam1 & s5d+ ,8 only son on e>? to be crucifi$ s t by ! son's blood ! fa!r's wra? may be appeas$4 ,he reg>d$ z unwor?y ev5 ( hea!ns su* tea*+s z t salvation = s9 dep5d$ on be+ baptiz$1 & t ,god w visit et]nal puni%m5t on ^? :o d n believe 9 ,8 div9ely begott5 son4 ,he pr(ess$ a s9c]e belief 9 ,god z ! au?or ( all exi/5ce1 & z ! s\rce ( all love4 ,he believ$ t dea? meant a new & high] bir?4 ,he believ$ t ,god's w 0 mo/ cle>ly express$ 9 ! tea*+s ( ! man ,jesus1 :om to consid] & pray to z ,god he reg>d$ z blasphem\s4 ,compress$ religion into five comm&m5ts4 ,he compress$ ! tea*+s ( ,jesus into ! foll[+ comm&m5ts3 ,i4 ,d n be angry4 ,,ii4 ,d n lu/4 ,,iii4 ,d n give away ! control ( y\r future actions by tak+ oa?s4 ,,iv4 ,d n resi/ evil4 ,v4 ,d n )hold love f any "o4 ,^! five comm&m5ts he develop$ into a compreh5sive moral philosophy1 & by x he consci5ti\sly endeavor$ to guide 8 life & ?\ght4#h #h ,see 8 books ,my ,confession1 ,my ,religion1 & ,aylm] ,maude's ,! ,life ( ,tol/oy4 ,0 indebt$ = 8 fai? to peasants4 ,& = t /rong & simple fai? ( 81 :i* is de/9$1 9 ! n di/ant future1 to inaugurate an era 9 ! religi\s _w simil> to t :i* ,lu!r inaugurat$ f\r c5turies e>li] 9 ,g]many1 he 0 indebt$ to ! peasants4 ,dur+ ! lib]t9e life ( 8 e>ly ye>s1 he _h lo/ ! little fai? t _h be5 taught him 9 8 *ildhood4 ,he _h return$ to 8 e/ate an av[$ a!i/1 & z su* _h he cont9u$ = "s "t1 until1 "o day1 he inquir$ into :at x 0 t made ! wret*$ly poor & ignorant & h>d-work+ peasants cont5t$ ) _! lot1 resign$ to _! fate1 be>+ h>d%ips & suff]+s unmurmur+ly1 & look+ happily =w>d to ! end4 ,he f\nd x 9 _! fai?4 ,surely1 said he1 a /ate ( m9d t c d s mu* = ! poor is wor? hav+ by all4 ,& he devot$ himself to a dilig5t /udy ( _! religion4 ,he f\nd x burd5$ ) =eign accretions1 contam9at$ ) a putrid mass t _h be5 ga!r$ dur+ c5turies ( d>kness & sup]/ition1 adult]at$ ) all k9ds ( consci\s & unconsci\s inv5tions4 ,/ripp+ away ! =eign & putrid & false1 he alight$ ^u a rational1 satisfy+ fai?1 ! fai? :i* he believ$ to h be5 t ( ! ,rabbi ( ,naz>e?1 &1 h5ce=?1 consecrat$ 8 life to ! propagation ( x4 ,gave !m 8 life & labor 9 return4 ,& m yet ?an :at ! peasants gave to him he gave to !m 9 return4 ,he gave !m himself1 &1 9 ! end1 he sacrific$ ev5 8 life = !m4 ,he f\nd !m d[n-trodd5 s]fs1 he endeavor$ to make free m5 ( !m4 ,he f\nd !m c[$ & b[$1 he taught !m to walk & /& erect4 ,he f\nd !m unbefri5d$1 he became a bro!r to !m4 ,he f\nd !m wret*$ly poor1 he r5\nc$ pleasure & treasure1 luxury & ease1 to less5 z mu* z he c\ld ! di/ance betwe5 !m & himself4 ,he dress$ z !y dress$1 & labor$ z !y labor$1 &1 z f> z p]mitt$1 ate ! k9d ( food !y ate4 ,he f\nd !m /alk+ 9 d>kness1 he bright5$ _! way = !m4 ,he f\nd !m ignorant & at ! m]cy ( prie/ & gov]nm5t (ficial1 he became _! advocate1 d>$ to brave an all-p[]ful autocracy 9 ! def5se ( _! rights4 ,he />t$ s*ools = !m4 ,he gave up writ+ = ! ?\s&s ( select read]s t he might write = ! millions ( illit]ate peasants & o!r labor]s4 ,he wrote special booklets = !m1 & sold !m at a loss1 at "o-half c5t a copy1 /ories1 leg5ds1 symbolical tales1 moral plays & religi\s tracts1 all fitt$ = _! m9ds & /ations1 & int5d$ to deep5 9 !m ! law ( love & "r4 ,di$ believ+ he _h fail$4 ,to h sacrific$ & r5\nc$ & d>$ z mu* & z long z he _h1 &1 9 ! end1 to f9d :at he f\nd1 9 8 ?ree days obs]vation ( village mis]ies & outrages1 0 m ?an 8 great he>t c\ld /&4 ,x broke4 ,he 0 eighty-two ye>s old4 ,he c\ld no long] cont9ue ! fight4 ,he c\ld no long] look ^u ! suff]+ ( ! un=tunates1 nor ^u ! wrongs ( ! _w1 nor ^u ! extravagances ev5 )9 8 own family4 ,he reg>d$ 8 :ole life-"w a dismal failure4 ,he knew ( no o!r balm = 8 ble$+ he>t ?an flight f ! _w to "s seclud$ spot1 !re1 z a h]mit1 to await ! end1 :i* he knew 0 n f> di/ant4 ,truly pa!tic 7 8 f>ewell l9es to 8 wife3 ,i _c cont9ue long] to live a life ( ease & luxury :ile o!rs />ve & suff]4 ,l _m o!r old m51 ,i retire f ! _w to await my end 9 solitude4 ,i ask t y d n seek my place ( soj\rn1 & t y d n come to x if x be discov]$4 ,i beg =giv5ess = ! grief t ,i may cause y4 ,*>act]i/ic ( great re=m]s4 ,he 0 n ! fir/ ( ! _w's great re=m]s & lov]s ( humanity to lose he>t & to exp]i5ce spells ( despair4 ,moses & ,elijah & ,jesus & o!rs _h _! h\rs ( agony1 & pray$ t ! end might come1 & deliv] !m f _! hopeless labors4 ,& _m :o1 l ,tol/oy1 clos$ _! eyes 9 ! belief t !y _h utt]ly fail$ loom$ l>ge 9 subsequ5t ages among ! greate/ ( ! _w's b5efactors4 ,succe$$ bett] ?an he knew4 ,tol/oy has n fail$4 ,he succe$$ bett] ?an he knew4 ,8 pa!tic dea? reveal$ ! va/ numb] ( foll[]s he _h 9 8 own c\ntry & 9 all p>ts ( ! _w4 ,& _h he c>$ to inquire1 he might h kn[n x be=e 8 dea?4 ,he c\ld h se5 x f ! fact t m books ( 8 7 sold ?an ( all o!r ,russian au?ors comb9$4 ,he c\ld h se5 x 9 ! va/ cr[ds t ga!r$ all along ! l9e1 to cat* a glimpse ( him1 :5 on 8 j\rney1 a few ye>s ago1 to ! ,crimea1 9 se>* ( heal?4 ,he c\ld h se5 x 9 ! deputations ( sympa?iz]s t wait$ ^u him1 & 9 ! /reams ( congratulatory lett]s & telegrams t ru%$ 9 ^u him--till suppress$--aft] 8 excommunication4 ,he c\ld h se5 x 9 ! ,tol/oyan societies among ! /ud5ts ( almo/ all ! ,russian univ]sities & among o!r bodies4 ,he c\ld h se5 x among ! consid]able numb] ( l&lords1 :o made consci5ti\s ef=ts at foll[+ 8 life1 & at adopt+ 8 mode ( deal+ ) peasants & labor]s4 ,7 ! yoke ( autocracy remov$1 !re w\ld arise 9 ,russia an army ( ,tol/oyans z va/ & mighty z ! ho/ :i* ,ezekiel 9 8 vision saw 9 ! valley ( dry bones4 ,religion ( future w be l>gely ,tol/oyan4 ,! religion ( ,russia ( ! future w be l>gely t :i* ,tol/oy liv$ & taught1 & x w be ! religion ( a l>ge "p ( ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,"t's sift+ process w elim9ate :atev] is unt5able 9 8 sy/em ( moral & social & economic philosophy1 :i* sprang m f a flam+ he>t ?an f a cool1 calculat+ m9d4 ,he _h nei!r ! "t nor ! incl9ation to "w out a syn!tic philosophy4 ,he wrote z ! _s mov$ him1 & :5ev] x mov$ him1 ! keynote ( all 8 writ+ hav+ be51 z he said to me1 ! ha/5+ ( ! day :5 m5 w dwell toge!r 9 ! bonds ( love1 & s9 & suff]+ w be no m4 ,!re are 9 ! ,tol/oyan sy/em ( religion ! elem5ts ( ! long-dream$ ( univ]sal cre$4 ,x w take "t = ! root+ ( x4 ,mormonism & ,d[ieism spr+ up1 l ,jonah's g\rd1 & pass away z spe$ily z !y came4 ,a sy/em z rational & radical z t ( ,tol/oy requires an age = g]m9ation4 ,b1 once x takes root1 x takes root =ev]2 once x blossoms1 x blossoms = et]nity4 ,publications ( ,rabbi ,joseph ,krauskopf1 ,d4 ,d4 ,po/age4 ,a ,rabbi's ,impressions ( ! ,ob]amm]gau ,passion ,play4--#bej pages1 #a4be #j4aj ,"s ,isms ( ,to-day4--#i ,disc\rses1 f9ely b\nd1 #a4jj 4#jh ,! ,sev5 ,ages ( ,man4--,a ,practical ,philosophy ( ,life4 ,twelve ,disc\rses on heavy pap]4 ,b\nd 9 clo?1 #a4jj 4#aj ,old ,tru?s 9 ,new ,books4--,eight ,disc\rses 9 pamphlet =m1 4#ej 4#je ,society & its ,morals4--,sev5 ,disc\rses1 h&somely b\nd1 #a4jj 4#jh ,prejudice1 its ,g5esis & ,exodus4--,eight ,disc\rses4 4#ej 4#je ,my ,visit to ,tol/oy4--,five ,disc\rses 4#ce 4#je ,! ,s]vice ,manual4--,a book ( ,pray]s1 ,m$itations1 ,responses1 & ,hymns diff]+ ea* ,sabba? & ea* ,holiday4 ,complete = ! entire ye>1 9 "o volume4 #djj pages4 ,b\nd 9 ,clo?1 #a4ej 4#ab ,morocco1 #b4ej 4#ab ,! ,s]vice ,hymnal4--,conta9+ ! ,s]vice = ,friday ,ev5+1 ,sunday ,morn+ & ! ,sabba? ,s*ool also ! ,music = all ! ,hymns ( ! ,s]vice ,manual4 ,b\nd 9 ,clo?1 4#ej 4#jh ,b\nd 9 ,morocco1 #a4ej 4#jh ,! ,m\rn]'s ,s]vice4--,a book ( ,pray]s at ! h\se ( m\rn+1 or at ! anniv]s>y ( ! dep>t$1 4#be 4#je ,sunday ,disc\rses4--,b\nd 9 ,clo?1 f #ahhg to #aiaj4 ,p] ,volume1 #a4ej 4#ab ,,= ,,sale ,,by ,,osc> ,,klon[]1 ,k5ese? ,israel ,temple4