,,indian ,,notes ,,& ,,monographs ,illu/ration3 colophon ,a ,,s]ies ,,( ,,publications ,,relat+ ,,to ,,! ,,am]ican ,,aborig9es ,,types ,,( ,,canoes ,,on ,,puget ,,s\nd ,,by ,t4,t4 ,,wat]man ,,& ,,g]ald9e ,,c(f9 ,,new ,,york ,,museum ,,( ,,! ,,am]ican ,,indian ,,heye ,,f\ndation #aibj ,publications ( ! ,museum ( ! ,am]ican ,indian1 ,heye ,f\ndation ,,! ,,george ,g4 ,,heye ,,exp$ition ,,contributions ,,to ,,s\? ,,am]ican ,,ar*aeology ,vol4 #a ,! ,antiquities ( ,manabi1 ,ecuador3 ,a ,prelim9>y ,report4 ,by ,m>%all ,h4 ,saville4 #aijg4 #be4jj4 ,vol4 #b ,! ,antiquities ( ,manabi1 ,ecuador3 ,f9al ,report4 ,by ,m>%all ,h4 ,saville4 #aiaj4 #be4jj4 ,,contributions ,,f ,,! ,,museum ,,( ,,! ,,am]ican ,,indian1 ,,heye ,,f\ndation ,vol4 #a ,no4 #a3 ,lucayan ,artifacts f ! ,bahamas4 ,by ,!odoor de ,booy4 ,repr9t$ f ,am]4 ,an?ropol41 ,vol4 #ae1 #aiac1 ,no4 #a4 #ej;c4 ,no4 #b3 ,precolumbian ,decoration ( ! ,tee? 9 ,ecuador1 ) "s ,acc\nt ( ! ,occurr5ce ( ! ,cu/om 9 o!r p>ts ( ,nor? & ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,by ,m>%all ,h4 ,saville4 ,repr9t$ f ,am]4 ,an?ropol41 ,vol4 #ae1 #aiac1 ,no4 #c4 #ej;c4 ,no4 #c3 ,c]ta9 ,kit*5-midd5s 9 ,jamaica4 ,by ,!odoor de ,booy4 ,repr9t$ f ,am]4 ,an?ropol41 ,vol4 #ae1 #aiac1 ,no4 #c4 7,repr9t$1 #aiai47 #ej;c4 ,no4 #d3 ,porto ,rican ,elb[-/ones 9 ! ,heye ,museum1 ) discussion ( simil> objects else:]e4 ,by ,j4 ,walt] ,fewkes4 ,repr9t$ f ,am] ,an?ropol41 ,vol4 #ae1 #aiac1 ,no4 #c4 #ej;c4 ,,indian ,,notes ,,& ,,monographs ,illu/ration3 colophon ,a ,,s]ies ,,( ,,publications ,,relat+ ,,to ,,! ,,am]ican ,,aborig9es ,,types ,,( ,,canoes ,,on ,,puget ,,s\nd ,,by ,t4,t4 ,,wat]man ,,& ,,g]ald9e ,,c(f9 ,,new ,,york ,,museum ,,( ,,! ,,am]ican ,,indian ,,heye ,,f\ndation #aibj ,?is s]ies ( ,,indian ,,notes ,,& ,,monographs is devot$ prim>ily to ! publication ( ! results ( /udies by memb]s ( ! /aff ( ! ,museum ( ! ,am]ican ,indian1 ,heye ,f\ndation1 & is uni=m ) ,,hispanic ,,notes ,,& ,,monographs1 publi%$ by ! ,hispanic ,society ( ,am]ica1 ) :i* organization ?is ,museum is 9 cordial cop]ation4 ,,types ,,( ,,canoes ,,on ,,puget ,,s\nd ,,by ,t4,t4 ,,wat]man ,,& ,,g]ald9e ,,c(f9 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,introduction #g ,specialization ( ! ,nor? ,pacific ,canoe into ,diff]5t ,models #aj ,po9ts ( ,int]e/ 9 ! ,v>i\s ,types #ad ,! ,w> ,canoe #ad ,! 8,freight ,canoe0 #ag ,! 8,troll+ ,canoe0 #ah ,! 8,%ovel-nose ,canoe0 #ai ,! 8,"o-man ,canoe0 #ba ,! 8,*ildr5's ,canoe0 #bb ,native ,t]ms = ! ,p>ts ( ! ,canoe #bc ,di/ribution ( ! ,v>i\s ,types #bi ,conclusions #cf ,bibliography #ci ,notes #db ,,types ,,( ,,canoes ,,on ,,puget ,,s\nd ,,by ,t4,t4 ,,wat]man ,,& ,,g]ald9e ,,c(f9 ,,introduction ,! canoes & ! canoe manufacture ( ! ,nor? ,pacific area h already receiv$ a fair am\nt ( att5tion 9 e?nographical lit]ature4#a ,_m sizes & %apes ( craft are 9 use1 mo/ ( :i* h n be5 describ$ 9 detail4 ,all ,nor? ,pacific canoes f ,m\nt ,/ ,elias 9 ,alaska to ,eel riv] 9 nor!rn ,cali=nia are1 to quote ! ,h&book1#b ( a dug\t type4 ,! area ( ,puget s\nd lies 9 a g5]al way t[>d ! c5t] ( ?is region1 & 9 ?is vic9ity ! l>ge/ v>iety ( canoes seems to be 9 use4 ,our pres5t purpose is to describe ! types ( canoes f\nd at ! pres5t "t on ,puget s\nd prop]1 & !n to outl9e1 s f> z is possible on ! basis ( scanty in=mation1 ! di/ribution ( ^! types into o!r regions4 ,! specim5s on :i* ?is discussion is bas$ 7 collect$ = ! ,museum ( ! ,am]ican ,indian1 ,heye ,f\ndation1 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ,seattle4 ,! native t]ms = ! v>i\s models & = ! p>ts ( ! canoes are 9 ! 8,duwami%0 dialect ( ,sali%4 ,! s\nds occurr+ 9 ?is & ! o!r ,sali% dialects spok5 on ! upp] "p ( ,puget s\nd are repres5t$ 9 ! foll[+ tabulation4 ,,v[els i1 u1 e1 o1 a i1 z 9 ma*9e 1 z 9 p9 e1 z 9 fte 1 z 9 met 1 z 9 hat 1 z 9 b u1 z 9 rule 1 z 9 full o1 z 9 note 1 z ou 9 ought a1 z 9 b> ,,diph?ongs ai1 z 9 aisle oi1 z 9 boil ,,semiv[els w1 y1 sub/antially z 9 ,engli% ,,consonants ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,/op ,labializ$ ,cont9uant,affricative,lat]al,affricativ e /op lat]al ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,s ,f ,f ,f ,s ,f o o o o o o ,s n r ,s r ,s ,s r ,s n ,s r u a t u t u u t u a u t r n i r i r r i r n r i d t s d s d d s d t d s ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,labial p b p' ,d5tal t d t' s ts ts',l l t,l t,l' ,alveol> c tc tc' ,palatal k g g'kw kw' ,vel> q q'qw qw' ,glottal ' h1 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,( ^! s\nds ! foll[+ ne$1 = ! casual read]1 "s explanation4 ,surd l 7writt5 ,l7 is an l produc$ )\t ! help ( ! vocal cords4 ,! symbol c has approximately ! value ( % 9 %e4 ,! digraph tc is s\nd$ l * 9 *ur*4 ,! symbols 9 ^? columns :i* are head$ 8=tis0 repres5t explod$ or crack$ consonants1 produc$ ) h>d pressure ( ! tongue1 foll[$ by an abrupt release4 ,! s\nd is q %>p1 m>k$ly diff]5t f any?+ 9 ,engli%4 ,! 8vel>0 s\nds likewise seem q /range to ,engli%-speak+ p2 !y are produc$ by mak+ contact betwe5 ! tongue & ! back "p ( ! palate 7! velum74 ,! glottal /op 7'7 repres5ts a cat* :i* *ecks ! brea? 9 ! ?roat 7l>ynx74 ,two s\nds resembl+ ,engli% h seem to exi/1 "o ( !m v weak1 repres5t$ "h by c4 ,sup]ior lett]s repres5t :isp]$ or weakly articulat$ s\nds4 ,,specialization ,,( ,,! ,,nor? ,,pacific ,,canoe ,,into ,,diff]5t ,,models ,9 ! ye> #ahjf ,lewis & ,cl>k not$ t ! ,indians on ,columbia riv] possess$ a numb] ( diff]5t types or models ( canoes4#c ,among m rec5t au?ors1 ,boas1#d ,gibbs1#e ,swan1#f ,niblack1#g & ,curtis1#h h made obs]vations to a simil> effect4 ,x may be reli$ on1 !re=e1 t 9 ! :ole area :i* lies betwe5 ,columbia riv] & s\!rn ,alaska1 ! canoe has ,illu/ration3 ,,wat]man--,,canoes ,,pl4 ,i ,,diagram ,,repres5t+ ,,! ,,six ,,types ,,( ,,canoes ,,on ,,puget ,,s\nd 7a1 ! 8w> canoe02 b1 ! 8freight canoe20 c1 ! 8troll+ canoe02 d1 ! 8%ovel-nose canoe02 e1 ! 8"o-man canoe02 f1 ! 8*ildr5's canoe10 us$ by *ildr5 & z a knockab\t47 be5 evolv$ into a numb] ( highly specializ$ =ms4 ,v>i\s writ]s1 h[ev]1 classify canoes 9 some:at diff]5t ways4 ,gibbs1 & ,lewis & ,cl>k seem to imag9e t ! v>i\s =ms are *>act]i/ic ( diff]5t tribes4 ,) ,curtis & ,niblack ! ess5tial ?+ 9 classification seems to be a matt] ( size4 ,boas alone has giv5 ! prop] weight to diff]5ces 9 =m4#i ,on ,puget s\nd at ! pres5t "t !re are six types ( canoes 9 use1 :i* are di/+ui%$ by ! ,indians n on acc\nt ( _! size b by diff]5ces 9 ! %ape ( ! hull4 ,! v>iation 9 %ape is v wide4 ,on ^! wat]s "o type ( canoe is built = go+ to sea1 & ! l9es ( ! hull are design$ ) ! idea ( enabl+ ! craft to ride waves )\t %ipp+ wat]4 ,e in* ( ! model is c>efully calculat$ to keep x 8dry40 ,no bett] craft = r\gh wat]1 by ! way1 has ev] be5 devis$4 ,! canoe rides ! comb]s bett] ?an ! :ite ma#a's boat4 ,?is 0 not$ by ,lewis & ,cl>k#aj m ?an a hundr$ ye>s ago1 & simil> comm5ts are made today1 ev5 by m5 :o foll[ ! sea4 ,a second type ( canoe is design$ = use on riv]s & lakes4 ,! b[ & /]n ( ?is second model are cut (f squ>e1 mak+ ! craft v conv5i5t = pol+4 ,9 spe>+ salmon 9 ! /reams1 also1 a spe>sman c ride on ! extreme tip ( ! b[ & /rike fi% almo/ "u 8 feet1 :ile a companion paddles4 ,?is canoe is ( little use 9 op5 wat]s4 ,! salt-wat] villag]s take ! fi% by means ( nets & traps only4 ,ea* ( ! types 9 ?is way has its own p>ticul> uses4 ,! s]ies z a :ole is an example ( high specialization 9 a seaf>+ mode ( exi/5ce4 ,*>act]i/ic specim5s ( ea* ( ! six types us$ on ,puget s\nd are illu/rat$ 9 ! accompany+ diagram 7pl4 ,i74 ,9 ord] to br+ out diff]5ces 9 outl9e1 ! draw+s h be5 r$uc$ to "o l5g?4 ,9 actual practice ea* model ( canoe is made 9 a l>ge range ( sizes1 a matt] :i* c h>dly be pres5t$ 9 a diagram4 ,specim5s ( model a 7pl4 ,i7 exi/ :i* are1 = example1 only #af ft4 long1 :ile "o o!r specim5 ( ! same model exi/s :i* ,illu/ration3 ,,wat]man--,,canoes ,,pl4 ,,ii ,,diagram ,,%[+ 7a7 ,,! ,,%ovel-,,nose ,,canoe ,,us$ ,,on ,,puget ,,s\nd1 ,,& 7b7 ,,! ,,canoe ,,us$ ,,by ,,! ,,yurok ,,( ,,nor!rn ,,cali=nia has a l5g? ( #hj ft4 ,model b 9 ! diagram is usually made ( fairly good size1 9 ! neighborhood ( #bb ft4 long2 b !re is great v>iation 9 specim5s4 ,model c is always small1 & model f is nev] v l>ge4 ,we h n exam9$ a l>ge en\gh numb] ( canoes to make x wor? :ile to publi% ! measurem5ts tak54 ,! specim5s f :i* ! draw+s 7 made 7 collect$ 9 ! imm$iate neighborhood ( ,seattle & are 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,am]ican ,indian1 ,heye ,f\ndation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4--;,diagram %[+ ! outl9e ( ! 8,alaska0 canoe1 us$ by ! ,kwakiutl1 ,tsim%ian1 & ,haida4 ,x is occasionally se5 on ,puget s\nd4 7,aft] a diagram 9 ,boas1 #aiji47 ,an additional type1 ! great 8,alaska0 canoe1 call$ by ! ,sali% tsabaxad1 is sometimes se5 on ! s\nd4 ,su* canoes came d[n f ! nor?1 mann$ usually by ,haida f ! ,que5 ,*>lotte isl&s1 or by ,nootka f ! we/ coa/ ( ,vanc\v] isl&2 occasionally by p ( o!r tribes4 ,^! canoes 7 n us$ by ! ,puget ,s\nd p1 & 7 look$ on ) "s curiosity4 ,_! outl9e is %[n 9 fig4 #a 7aft] ,boas74 ,,po9ts ,,( ,,int]e/ ,,9 ,,! ,,v>i\s ,,types ,a4--,! 8,,w> ,,canoe0 77 ,! ,songi% ab\t ,victoria1 ,b4 ,c41 h ?is model1 :i* !y call atq,es4#aa ,its mo/ *>act]i/ic features1 bo? !re & "h1 are a prom95t & l(ty b[ & /]n4 ,^! consi/1 on ,puget s\nd1 ( sep>ate sections hewn out ( c$> & fitt$ c>efully into _! places on ! hull4 ,!y are fa/5$ !re by pegs ( c$> 7/'/d1 ! ^w n[ appli$ to nails7 & la%+s ( twi/$ c$> )es 7/idgwt71 & ! jo9t is wat]tight )\t be+ 8pit*$0 7see ,swan1 #ahfh1 = ! me?od ( fitt+74 ,arti/ically1 ! %ape ( ! pr[ /rongly sugge/s an anima#a's head1 & gives ! canoe 7:i* is exquisite 9 design7 an air ( al]tness1 z ?\gh x 7 mov+ ( its ,illu/ration3 ,,wat]man--,,canoes ,,pl4 ,,iii ,,two ,,suquami% 8,,w> ,,canoes0 ,,la%$ ,,toge!r ,,& ,,c>ry+ ,a ,,plat=m ,,( ,,poles ,?is device 0 us$ 9 transport+ h\se-planks & = mov+ l>ge quantities ( effects f "o site to ano!r4 7,photograph$ at ,suquami%1 ,wa%+ton1 #aiac47 own accord4 ,f ! practical /&po9t ^! elevat$ additions to ! hull are design$ to ?r[ aside ! seas4 ,! nak$ hull )\t ^! b[ & /]n pieces w\ld soon fill 9 r\gh wat]4 ,! pieces seem s sl5d] & inadequate t an obs]v] w\ld d\bt _! effectiv5ess = su* a practical end4 ,! answ] is t 9 ! c\rse ( g5]ations !y h be5 r$uc$ to ! mo/ sl5d] proportions :i* w give ! necess>y protection1 & !y are wond]fully effective 9 aid+ ! actual navigation ( ! canoe4 ,_m ,indians & :ites :o h foll[$ ! sea tell u t ?is type ( canoe %ips less wat] 9 a /orm ?an any craft 9 ! _w4 ,if we are look+ = a cat*word1 we may call ?is ! 8ocean-go+ canoe40 ,a numb] ( o!r t]ms h be5 appli$ to ?is class ( vessel4 ,a popul> t]m 9 ! ,nor?we/ is ! ^w 8,*9ook40 ,we f9d1 = example1 ! 8,*9ook0 w9d1 ! 8,*9ook0 j>gon1 & 8,*9ook0 salmon4 8,*9ook0 is also appli$ by ,indians & :ites to ! type ( hull j describ$1 & appe>s 9 t s5se 9 ! works ( ,swan & ,boas4 ,! t]m1 be>+ 9 m9d1 ( c\rse1 t x is us$ 9 a g5]al s5se & is n necess>ily to be associat$ ) ! ,*9ook tribe prop]1 liv+ at ! m\? ( ! ,columbia1 is di/9ctive1 & has ! advantage ( usage beh9d x4 ,locally1 on ,puget s\nd1 ! model goes commonly by ?is "n4 ,?is same type ( hull is f\nd 9 use by all ! tribes f ,columbia riv] nor?w>d to ! ,quats9o1 liv+ at ! nor!rn end ( ,vanc\v] isl&4#ab ,nor? ( ?is area1 among ! ,kwakuitl & ,tsim%ian1 ,haida & ,tl+it1 ! sea-go+ canoe is diff]5t1 & is ( ! type illu/rat$ 9 fig4 #a4 ,niblack#ac & ,boas#ad h not$ ! di/9ction betwe5 ! sea-go+ canoes ( ! s\? & ^? ( ! nor?1 & ,niblack illu/rates x ) a some:at mislead+ figure4 ,niblack calls ?is nor!rn model ! 8nor? coa/ type10 :ile ,boas /yles x ! 8,tsim%ian0 model4 ,! t]ms 8,tsim%ian0 & 8,*9ook0 might well be us$ z cat*words to m>k ! di/9ction betwe5 ! two v>ieties3 "o f\nd along ! coa/ ( ,alaska & ,briti% ,columbia1 ! o!r ,illu/ration3 ,,wat]man--,,canoes ,,pl4 ,,iv ,,b[ ,,( ,,! ,,hull ,,%[n ,,9 ,,plate ,v1 ,,view$ ,,f ,,! ,,side1 ,,) ,,! ,,make#a',s ,,wife1 ,,m>y ,,adams 7,,tai,p,s7 ,,seat$ ,,beside ,,x 7,photograph by ,j4 ,d4 ,lee*man47 occurr+ on ! we/ coa/ ( ,vanc\v] isl& & s\?w>d z f>1 at lea/1 z ,columbia riv]4 ,b4--,,! 8,,freight ,,canoe0 7/iwa,l7 ,! freight canoe diff]s 9 sev]al respects f ! =ego+4 ,x nev] rea*es ! great size :i* ! fir/-m5tion$ type sometimes atta9s1 ?\gh specim5s exi/ :i* are z mu* z #dj ft4 9 l5g?4 ,! cutwat] 9 ?is type is v]tical1 or ne>ly s4 ,?is is ! po9t m5tion$ by ! ,indian in=mants z ! *>act]i/ic ?+4 ,! ,songi% t]m = ?is craft1 /iuwaitatl1 is translat$ by ,boas z 8hav+ a squ>e b[40 ,i c f9d no reason = ?is peculi>ity1 nor advantage 9 x4 ,an extra piece ( c$> is c>v$ & fitt$ ) d[els on ! pr[ ( ?is craft also1 8lift+0 ! l9es ( ! hull some:at4 ,?is piece diff]s greatly f ! pieces fitt$ on ! ocean-go+ canoe4 ,! /]n is model$ out ( ! orig9al log4 ,! tip ( ! pr[ is %ap$ into a 8not*0 resembl+ an op5 m\?4 ,?is type ( canoe is us$ = j\rneys ) h\sehold possessions 9 quiet wat]s4 ,9 a /orm x is n p>ticul>ly safe4 ,c4--,,! 8,,troll+ ,,canoe0 7sd,l7 ,?is craft has a v n>r[ hull1 & ! b[ has m lift ?an 9 ! prec$+ model4#ae ,specim5s ( ?is type are usually relatively small1 design$ to c>ry only two or ?ree m54 ,?is 0 ! vessel us$ = hunt+1 = h>poon+ porpoise & ott]1 & 9 troll+ = fi%4 ,! model exhibits "s elegance ( design4 ,we may p]haps foll[ ,boas 9 call+ ?is craft ! fi%+ or troll+ canoe4 ,a v l>ge canoe ( ?is model 0 call$ sdxwils4 ,= hunt+ ! porpoise a v swift canoe 0 ne$$1 = ! animal 0 al]t1 & h>d to h>poon4 ,boas gives a complete acc\nt ( ! pursuit1 z c>ri$ on by ! ,kwakiutl4 ,! t]m = porpoise-hunt+ on ,puget s\nd is casab4 ,! canoe int5d$ = ?is purpose 0 call$ casabhwl,l4 ,x 0 ( ! type be+ discuss$1 b a f9e1 8cle>0 model & _h to be fa/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wat]man--,,canoes ,,pl4 ,v ,,int]ior ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,hull ,,( ,a ,,suquami% 8,,hunt+ ,,canoe0 ,,9 ,,process ,,( ,,manufacture ,made by ,jack ,adams 7,xabsus71 ne> ,suquami%1 ,wa%+ton1 9 ,m>*1 #aibj4 7,photograph by ,j4 ,d4 ,lee*man47 ,d4--,,! 8,,%ovel-,,nose ,,canoe0 7,l7 ,?is type ( canoe is call$ ! 8%ovel-nose0 because x is cut (f squ>e at b[ & /]n & ! hull scoops =w>d l a %ovel4 ,! ,songi% visit$ by ,boas h ! same t]m1 t#a'lai1 b ! model pictur$ by ,boas has a configuration some:at diff]5t 9 c]ta9 details f ! ,puget ,s\nd specim5s se54 ,on ! s\nd1 ! boat is hewn f "o piece1 :ile ! ,songi% are said to add on ! flatt5$ end 9 ! =m ( a sep>ate plank4 ,9 spite ( its %ape ! 8%ovel-nose0 is 9 appe>ance any?+ b clumsy4 ,x is excell5tly design$ = a special purpose4 ,a man may /& at ! tip-end ( b[ or /]n1 & pu% ) a pole1 9 %all[ wat]4 ,! p also :o live up ! riv]s dep5d on ?is type ( canoe = ! spe>+ ( salmon4 ,:5 ! fi% are runn+ 9 ! riv]s1 "o man paddles 9 ! /]n :ile a companion /&s at ease out on ! extreme end ( ! pr[1 ) 8 spe> pois$ ready = fi%4 ,8 position !re is ideal = /rik+ salmon1 s9ce he lunges at fi% almo/ directly "u 8 feet4 ,! b[-end ( ?is boat is m sl5d] ?an ! /]n4 ,?is type ( boat is useful only 9 quiet wat]s4 ,a *>act]i/ic piece ( equipm5t is ! canoe pole1 heqalsd4 ,su* a canoe is f9e = s&banks & %oals :]e ! heavy ,*9ook type1 ) its features design$ = protection aga9/ waves1 is l>gely useless4 ,f> up ! riv]s no canoes o!r ?an ! %ovel-nose are se54 ,! 8salt-wat]0 p1 or 8xwaldjabc10 relate ) amusem5t t 8=e/-dwell]s10 or ,lalabw1 t is1 ! p liv+ up ! riv]s1 h only "o ^w = canoe4 8,if x is a sd,l1 or if x is a /iwa,l1 or ev5 if x is a big 1 !y call x a #8%ovel-nose1' j ! same40 ,"s ( ^! 8fre%-wat]0 ,indians "s ye>s ago came voyag+ d[n to ,port ,wa%+ton inlet1 ne> ! navy y>d at ,brem]ton1 9 a %ovel-nose canoe4 ,9 try+ to negotiate ! *annel dur+ a breeze & a *ange ( tide1 _! canoe1 :i* 0 n design$ = su* op]ations1 fill$ & sank "u _! feet1 & !y lo/ _! lives4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wat]man--,,canoes ,,pl4 ,,vi ,,! ,,f9i%$ ,,hull ,,( ,,! ,,canoe ,,%[n ,,9 ,,plates ,,iv ,,& ,v ,to ! left 9 ! photograph is ! b[1 :i* 9 ?is case lacks ! 8not*0 f\nd 9 _m specim5s4 ,! 8lift0 ( ! boa#a's l9es t[>d ! pr[ may be pla9ly se54 ,?is enables x to ride ! waves4 7,photograph by ,j4 ,d4 ,lee*man47 ,e4--,,! 8,,"o-,,man ,,canoe0 7ditwi,l7 ,?is is a v dim9utive vessel1 ! smalle/ ( all ! ,nor?we/]n canoes4 ,! t]m is grammatically ! dim9utive ( sdwi,l 7c 9 ! diagram1 pl4 ,i74 ,nev]!less1 z a glance at ! draw+ w %[1 its hull diff]s some:at 9 %ape f t ( its l>g] namesake4 ,! ditwi,l w c>ry only "o p]son2 b x is (t5 v beautifully made4 ,specim5s capsize v easily1 b s long z !y rema9 "r-side up1 !y may be driv5 at high spe$1 & are light en\gh to be easily lift$ & c>ri$ f place to place4 ,!y 7 us$ = fi%+1 &1 foll[+ ! introduction ( fire>ms1 = hunt+ ducks4 ,fir+ a %otgun ov] ! side1 h[ev]1 turns ! craft ov]4 ,b[ & /]n are f9i%$ (f ) v small c>v$ pieces1 :i* are set 9 place ) ! usual c$> pegs1 & ! b[ c>ries ! 8not*0 *>act]i/ic ( ! l>g] type4 ,! canoe is rigg$ ) ?w>ts1 b ! huntsman sits1 n on ^!1 b flat on ! bottom ( ! boat4 ,we may p]haps speak ( ?is type z 8! "o-man canoe40 ,f4--,,! 8,,*ildre#a',s ,,canoe0 7qelbd7 ,! canoe po9t$ out "u ?is "n is a 8d\ble-end$0 type4 ,! ,indians describe x z a craft ) two /]ns4 ,its ends1 :i* are id5tical 9 %ape1 are f9i%$ (f to resemble ! /]n ( ! big w>-canoe %[n 9 pl4 ,i1 a4 ,?is craft1 :ile n ( great l5g?1 is v heavy1 s9ce ! sides are relatively ?ick1 & x is also v wide 9 ! beam4 ,x 0 us$ = ! commone/ purposes4 ,*ildr5 got _! fir/ k ( ! h&l+ ( canoes by 8practis+0 ) x4 ,:ile ! sides are n adz$ d[n to ! ?9ness :i* *>act]izes ! hunte#a's craft1 ! vessel is nev]!less well design$ 9 its own way & is mu* light] & m manageable ?an a :ite-ma#a's boat4 ,x is wor? not+ t ! ^w qelbd1 giv5 z ! t]m = ?is type ( boat1 is ! g5]al ^w = canoe4 ,! t]m dl#a';edwl,l 0 also appli$ to ?is type4 ,we may p]haps speak ( ?is =m ( craft z ! 8*ildr5's canoe40 ,illu/ration3 ,,wat]man--,,canoes ,,pl4 ,,vii ,a 8,,%ovel-,,nose0 ,,canoe ,,9 ,,action ,sc5e on ! upp] wat]s ( ,qu9ault riv]1 coa/ ( ,wa%+ton4 7,photograph by ,j4 ,h4 ,weir1 ( 8,! ,m\nta9e]s407 ,,native ,,t]ms ,,= ,,! ,,p>ts ,,( ,,! ,,canoe #a4 ,b[1 cd/4 #b4 ,/]n1 ilaaq4 #c4 ,side1 silalgwil4 ,a /eam vessel is call$ udalgwil1 8burn+ sides40 #d4 ,gunwale1 sbtctcalgwil4 #e4 ,additional piece or section1 hewn out sep>ately1 set on ! b[1 & fa/5$ 9 place ) pegs & la%+ ( twi/$ c$>1 st,l'alu4 ,x is fa/5$ 9 place ) d[els or pegs ( c$> 7,no4 #f71 & la%+s ( twi/$ c$>-twigs 7,no4 #g74 #f4 ,d[els or pegs us$ z above1 /'/d4 ,?is ^w is n[ us$ = iron nails4 #g4 ,c$> )es1 /idagwt4 ,us$ 9 fa/5+ on ! b[ & /]n sections1 & 9 clos+ up cracks4 #h4 ,/]n-piece1 st,l'alalp4 ,seat$ 9 place l ! b[-piece1 m5tion$ above4 ,on ! ,ext]ior ( ! ,hull #i4 ,n>r[ piece project+ =w>d at ! tip ( ! pr[1 bqsd4 ,! %ape ( ! =w>d "p ( ! b[-piece /rongly sugge/s ! head ( "s liv+ creature4 ,! projection w\ld correspond to a sn\t or beak4 ,! ,indians say ! resemblance is accid5tal4 #aj4 ,a knob or projection on ! neck ( ! canoe1 ab\t two feet bel[ ! prec$+ feature1 blalgwa'4 ,?is ^w means 8navel40 ,! ,makah call ?is projection ! boa#a's uvula4 #aa4 ,ornam5tation consi/+ ( p>allel l9es1 incis$ ) a special tool1 l a ream]1 on ! side ( ! neck1 a/c#a';absub4 ,?is is incis$ ) a special tool1 9 ! old days made ( fl9t1 resembl+ a ream]4 ,?is ornam5tation is f\nd also on ! top surface ( ! b[-piece4 #ab4 ,curv$ l9e ( ! pr[1 clibus4 #ac4 ,cutwat]1 t,l'kwapsb4 #ad4 ,a bulge or rais$ /rip at ! gunwale1 st,laagwp4 ,a correspond+ excavation on ! inside ( ! hull is m5tion$ bel[ 7,no4 #bc74 #ae4 ,bottom1 #a';atsp4 #af4 ,:]e ! bottom turns up t[>d ! gunwale to =m ! sides1 cxdt#a';aladi4 #ag4 ,%>p blade or half-keel1 "u ! cano#a's =efoot1 /'tcibt4 ,?is acts z a 8muffl]40 ,x cuts into ! waves z ! canoe =ges ahead1 )\t spla%+4 ,! canoe moves sil5tly4 #ah4 ,=w>d extremity ( ! half-keel1 #a';ilqs4 ,on ! ,int]ior ( ! ,hull #ai4 ,int]ior ( ! canoe1 xuxtats4 #bj4 ,:]e ! bottom turns up to =m ! sides1 wilaladi,l4 #ba4 ,(fset :]e ! canoe wid5s at ! gunwale1 /putsid4 ,?is corresponds to ! st,laagwp 7,no4 #ad above74 #bb4 ,side ( ! canoe1 ilalgw,l4 #bc4 ,tr5* lead+ /]nw>d f ! tip ( ! pr[1 sxwqbus4 #bd4 ,v]tical l9e ( ! hull at ! /]n1 st,lkwalap4 ,additional ,fitt+s #be4 ,?w>ts1 cxalwild4 ,^! are r\nd poles in/ead ( flat b5*es1 z 9 ! canoes ( ,alaska & 9 our own boats4 ,:5 on a trip ! ,indians pad !m ) an old mat1 fold$4 #bf4 ,)es ( twi/$ c$> limbs1 :i* fa/5 ! ?w>ts1 clidclidgs4 ,!y are rove ?r\gh a p]=ation 9 ! ?w>t1 & !n ?r\gh p]=ations 9 ! side ( ! boat4 ,simil> )es are us$ = m5d+ cracks & 9 fa/5+ ! b[ & /]n sections 9 place 7see ,no4 #g above74 ,! pres5t ^w ref]s to ! way 9 :i* !y are manipulat$ 9 fa/5+ ?w>ts 9 place4 #bg4 ,/rip ( wood along ! gunwale1 st,l'alalgw,l4 ,?is is pegg$ to ! top surface ( ! gunwale1 to :]e ! paddles rub1 to prev5t ! sides ( ! canoe f be+ worn4 #bh4 ,pa9t]1 or boat rope1 ,ldgwilad4 ,us$ = moor+ ! boat1 or an*or+ x4 #bi4 ,crack 9 ! hull1 actcx4 #cj4 ,knot-hole1 /#a';actalus 7knot1 /cact74 #ca4 8,pat*$ place10 /kalgw,l4 ,:5 ! side ( a canoe is brok51 a section is cut out bodily1 a piece ( plank be+ c>efully %ap$ to fit 9 ! space4 ,?is plank is fa/5$ 9 place ) c$> pegs & by 8sew+0 ) c$> )es4 #cb4 ,a 8long pat*10 sp#a';atsgw,l4 ,?is t]m ref]s to a place :]e a longitud9al crack 9 ! bottom ( ! hull has be5 clos$ by /it*+ x up ) c$> )es4 #cc4 ,holes bor$ 9 mak+ ! canoe1 to te/ ! ?ickness ( ! sides1 udtc'/d4 ,^! holes are lat] clos$ by plugg+ !m ) r\nd pegs ( maple1 :i* swells greatly on be+ wet4 #cd4 ,ma/1 xputdale 7cf4 putd1 sail74 ,in=mants insi/ t ma/s & sails are aborig9al4 ,vanc\v]1 writ+ 9 #agib1 says !y are n4 #ce4 ,/ep or socket = ! ma/1 tcugwacgwp4 #cf4 ,sail1 putd4 ,?is 0 a 8squ>e0 sail1 ( *eck]-"w matt+1 & 0 hoi/$ only :5 ! breeze happ5$ to come directly ov] ! /]n4 #cg4 ,upp] y>d1 ta,la,lqud4 #ch4 ,l[] y>d1 t,lidp4 #ci4 ,paddle1 xobt4 ,t]ms ( ,direction #dj4 ,ahead1 tudziqw4 #da4 ,a/]n1 tuxulaqw4 #db4 ,/>bo>d1 or "r side1 dzahalgwisapp4 #dc4 ,port1 or left side1 kalalgwisapp4 #dd4 ,=w>d1 tucad/ 7cf4 cd/1 b[74 #de4 ,aft1 tuelaq 7cf4 ilaaq1 /]n74 #df4 ,amid%ips1 odugw,l4 ,l+ui/ically !re is evid5t simil>ly betwe5 c]ta9 ( ! words 9 ?is li/1 z %[n by ! foll[+ gr\ps3 7#e7 ,b[-piece1 st,l'alu4 7#h7 ,/]n-piece1 st,l'alalp4 7#ac7 ,cutwat]1 t,l'kwapsb 7cf4 especially ,no4 #bf bel[74 7#ad7 ,rais$ /rip along gunwale1 st,laagwp4 7#bd7 ,v]tical l9e at /]n1 st,lkwalap4 7#bg7 ,/rip pegg$ to gunwale1 st,l'alalgw,l4 7#f7 ,d[els1 or pegs1 /'/d4 7#cc7 ,holes bor$ to te/ ! ?ickness ( ! hull1 udtc'/d4 ,"o is incl9$ to suspect ! pres5ce ( a common suffix 9 ! foll[+ cases3 7#ab7 ,curv$ l9e ( ! pr[1 clibus4 7#bc7 ,tr5* lead+ backw>d f ! pr[1 sxwqbus4 ,! pres5ce ( a suffix is obvi\s 9 ! foll[+ cases3 7#c7 ,side1 silalgwil4 7#d7 ,gunwale1 sbtctcalgwil4 7#bb7 ,side ( ! canoe 7int]ior71 ilalgw,l4 7#ca7 ,section ( plank us$ z a pat*1 /kalgw,l4 7#cb7 ,clos+ ( a crack by sew+1 sp#a';atsgw,l4 7#aa7 ,ornam5tal l9es1 a/c#a';absub4 7#ac7 ,cutwat]1 t,l'kwapsb4 7#ae7 ,bottom1 #a';atsp4 ,analysis ( ^! expressions is n possible at ! pres5t "t4 ,! t]ms 9 ! above li/ apply especially to ! sea-go+ canoe4 ,simil> words are appli$ to ! o!r types ( canoes1 except :]e ! correspond+ p>ts are miss+4 ,! not* at ! b[ ( ! troll+ canoe is simply call$ qadxu1 8not*40 ,,di/ribution ,,( ,,! ,,v>i\s ,,types ,a situation ) _m po9ts ( int]e/ exi/s 9 reg>d to ! di/ribution ( ^! =ms ( canoes4 ,= example1 on ,puget s\nd we h ! six types ( dug\t canoes1 :i* h be5 describ$2 9 nor!rn ,cali=nia we h only "o4 ,! "q at once sugge/s itself1 ,h[ f> s\?w>d along ! ,pacific coa/ does ! use ( six types ( canoes ext5d8 ,&1 aga91 z we travel s\?w>d1 d all six ( ! ,puget ,s\nd types disappe> f use at once1 be+ replac$ by new types ( craft1 or are c]ta9 ( ^! ,puget ,s\nd types m widely di/ribut$ ?an ! o!rs8 ,! la/ "q1 ,i ?9k1 is ! m easily answ]$4 ,! s+le type :i* is us$ on ,klama? riv] & on ,humboldt bay 9 nor!rn ,cali=nia is probably a modification ( "o ( ! types us$ on ,puget s\nd--! 8%ovel-nose0 model describ$ above 7pl4 ,i1 d74 ,! app5d$ diagram 7pl4 ,,ii7 %[s ^! two craft side by side4 ,!re seems to be 9 a g5]al way a m>k$ simil>ity 9 ^! canoes4 ,!y are bo? dug\ts1 ( a 8squ>e-end$0 type1 & 9 ea* case ! model has rea*$ a high degree ( ref9em5t4 ,!re is a skilful 8p9*+-90 ( ! l9es ( ! craft t[>d ! ends1 & also a v graceful 8lift0 ( ! bottom at b[ & /]n4 ,x may be ass]t$ f exp]i5ce t bo? craft are v light & easily h&l$4 ,! ,cali=nia canoe has no gunwale-/rips1#af &1 moreov]1 x has 9 ! /]n "s foot-braces & a seat1 hewn 9 "o piece ) ! hull1 :i* are abs5t 9 ! ,puget ,s\nd boat4 ,! ,cali=nia boat1 on ! o!r h&1 has no ?w>ts4 ,! mo/ /rik+ diff]5ce1 h[ev]1 is t ! b[ & ! /]n ( ! ,cali=nia craft are cr[n$ up into a peak1 & ! b[ is fur!r grac$ ) a removable c>v5 ornam5t1 %ap$ l an inv]t$ ,v4 ,^! diff]5ces seem sup]ficial & und]nea? !m ! pres5t writ]s see almo/ id5tical l9es 9 ! two vessels4 ,s mu* = ! g5]al resemblance4 ,! facts ( di/ribution make ! idea ( relation%ip mu* m plausible4 ,x is wor?y ( rem>k t 9 ,cali=nia s\? ( ,humboldt bay !re are no dug\t canoes at all4 ,nor?w>d1 h[ev]1 dug\ts are 9 use among all tribes z f> z ,puget s\nd4 ,moreov]1 9 ! case ( "s1 at lea/1 ( ! int]v5+ tribes ! %ovel-nose or squ>e-end$ type ( dug\t occurs4 ,?is is true ( ! tribes ab\t ,klama? lake1 = in/ance1 z %[n by a specim5 ( _! canoes collect$ by ,dr ,b>rett1 n[ 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia4 ,in=mation on ?is po9t is unsatisfactory1 = 9 ?is int]v5+ area few obs]v]s h tak5 ! pa9s to note 9 detail :at k9ds ( canoes 7 us$4 ,?is is true ( mu* ( ,oregon1 ev5 on ! coa/4 ,vanc\v] says ( ! ,indians ( ,port ,or=d t 8_! canoes1 calculat$ to c>ry ab\t eight p1 7 rudely wr\ght out ( a s+le tree2 _! %ape mu* resembl$ a but*e#a's tray1 & seem$ v unfit = a sea voyage or any di/ant exp$ition40#ag ,?is seems almo/ c]ta9ly to indicate t he saw craft ( a %ovel-nose type4 ,we c f9d few o!r /atem5ts on ?is matt] 9 ! lit]ature4 ,on ,columbia riv]1 z %[n by ! /atem5ts ( ,boas1#ah on ! coa/ ( ,wa%+ton z illu/rat$ by ! photographs ( ,curtis1#ai on ,puget s\nd & nor?w>d to an unkn[n di/ance1 z obs]v$ by ! pres5t writ]s1 %ovel-nose canoes are 9 g5]al use4 ,! b>e facts1 z we h !m1 seem to be mo/ readily expla9$ on ! assumption t "o type ( dug\t canoe1 ( wide di/ribution on ! ,nor? ,pacific1 has spread also z f> s\? z ! ,yurok & neighbor+ tribes 9 nor!rn ,cali=nia4 ,! increas$ complexity ( ! design z f\nd among ! ,yurok & _! neighbors1 z %[n especially 9 ! ornam5tation1 is possibly expla9able by ! fact t ^! tribes exhibit a di/9ctly high] culture 9 _m respects ?an d _! neighbors to ! s\?1 ! ea/1 or ! nor?4 ,= "s reason1 9 ! region ab\t ! m\? ( ,klama? riv] a second>y c5t] ( high culture has develop$4 ,x is n unlikely t ?is has produc$ ! peculi> traits ( _! canoe4 ,x is noticeable also t !re seems to be a gradual modification ( all types ( canoes z we move s\?w>d t[>d ,cali=nia4 ,on ,puget s\nd1 five canoes out ( six %[ a lift 9 ! gunwales t[>d b[ & /]n4 ,on ! coa/ s\? ( ! ,/raits ( ,juan de ,fuca1 z %[n by ! photographs ( ,curtis1#bj canoes o!r ?an ! %ovel-nose h an abrupt 8raise0 at ! pr[1 b amid%ips & at ! /]n !y are 8flu%10 ! gunwales =m+ a /raight horizontal l9e4 ,app>5tly ?is arrangem5t might be consid]$ z an approa* to ! ,cali=nia type ( canoe1 :]e ! gunwales are p]fectly flat1 )\t any lift at ei!r end4 ,if our inf]5ce is correct1 x is app>5t t1 z we travel s\?w>d f ,columbia riv]1 five ( ! ,nor? ,pacific types become modifi$ & f9ally cease to be us$4 ,x has n be5 possible to f9d any evid5ce 9 ! lit]ature t indicates ! po9t :]e ! di/ribution ( any ( ^! models ceases4 ,! use ( dug\t canoes ext5ds1 ( c\rse1 up ! riv]s :i* fl[ t[>d ! ,nor?we/ coa/4 ,?us ! ,wi%ram at ! falls ( ! ,columbia use ! 8,*9ook0 model describ$ 9 ! pres5t pap]1 & o!r dug\t models besides4 ,george ,gibbs /at$ t ! %ovel-nose type is ! only "o us$ on ! ,columbia above ,! ,dalles4#ba ,curtis has "o picture ( a dug\t canoe us$ by ! ,nez ,p]cs4#bb ,x is ( ! %ovel-nose type 7?\gh %ock+ly clumsy1 heavy1 & ill-made--m]ely a log r\ghly %ap$ & some:at holl[$ out74 ,*amb]la9 /ates#bc t ! ,koot5ay h a dug\t type ( craft1 ( :at %ape we d n "k4 ,x seems to be impossible to trace 9 detail ! di/ribution ( ! %ovel-nose 9 ?is direction on ! basis ( any mat]ial n[ 9 pr9t4 ,we may speak ) c]ta9ty1 !re=e1 only ( ! region imm$iately ab\t ,seattle1 :]e ! pres5t au?ors h _h a *ance to make obs]vations4 ,9 ?is vic9ity ! only type ( canoe us$ on ! upp] c\rses ( ! /reams is ! %ovel-nose4 ,conc]n+ ! di/ribution1 9 a nor!rly direction1 ( ^! types ( canoes1 little c be said at ! pres5t "t4 ,z rem>k$ above1 ! ,kwakiutl use 9 place ( ! 1 a great sea-go+ canoe ( some:at diff]5t & m complicat$ model1 & mu* m elaborately ornam5t$4 ,! evolution ( canoes probably took place among ! p some:at nor?w>d ( ,puget ,s\nd peoples1 ^: g5]al level ( culture is high]4 ,go+ s\?w>d f ! ,kwakiutl1 say1 canoes are /eadily less & less specializ$1 until we come to ! tribes ( nor!rn ,cali=nia ) _! "o model4 ,s\? ( ! ,cali=nia tribes j m5tion$1 ^! influ5ces are n app>5t at all4 ,conc]n+ ! canoes ( ! coa/ nor? ( ! ,kwakiutl1 we c get at ! pres5t "t no in=mation4 ,x is n kn[n :e!r sev]al types are 9 use1 or only "o4 ,! pictures ( ,curtis1 :i* might tell ! /ory1 are n ne>ly s useful z !y are 9 o!r cases1 s9ce he photograph$ v few canoes 9 ?is area2 possibly because he f\nd s mu* else to picture4 ,,conclusions ,! situation z reg>ds canoes 9 ! area "u discussion may be ess5tially l t respect+ types ( pott]y 9 ! ,s\?we/1 z pres5t$ by ,nelson4#bd ,he has %[n 9 a mo/ int]e/+ way t ! ar*aic types ( pott]y are also ! types ) ! wide/ di/ribution4 ,z we pass f c5t] to p]iph]y ( ! cultural region :i* he discusses1 we enc\nt] types ( pott]y :i* are m & m primitive4 ,"o /rik+ diff]5ce betwe5 ,nelso#a's problem & ! pres5t "o is t a great mass ( evid5ce has be5 assembl$ 9 ! ,s\?we/1 :ile 9 reg>d to canoes on ! ,nor?we/ coa/ ! data are l>gely lack+4 ,ano!r diff]5ce is t ,nelson c>ri$ out ext5sive inve/igations 9 ! field1 :ile ! pres5t discussion is bas$ l>gely on scatt]$ ref]5ces 9 ! lit]ature4 ,nelso#a's conclusions1 to be brief1 are bas$ on k & facts1 :ile our own mu/ be 9 ! la/ degree inf]5tial4 ,! idea seems plausible1 h[ev]1 t ! orig9al type ( canoe on ! ,nor?we/ coa/ 0 ! %ovel-nose4 ,sev]al consid]ations po9t 9 ?is direction4 ,! %ovel-nose is ! simple/ model4 ,?is raises a logical presumption t x may well be ! olde/4 ,x is associat$ ) riv]s1 be+ ( use only 9 /reams & o!r quiet wat]4 ,?is also sugge/s t x may repres5t an e>ly type4 ,x may be reg>d$ z c]ta9 t ! fir/ man or ! fir/ gr\p :o exp]im5t$ ) navigation on ! ,nor? ,pacific coa/1 exp]im5t$ on ! riv]s1 & n on ! high seas4 ,?is w\ld seem to imply t ! riv] craft w\ld be ! fir/ to rea* p]fection4 ,! sea-go+ 8,*9ook0 type1 & models %[+ po9ts ( simil>ity to x1 are 9 all human probability lat] 9 orig94 ,:5 we consid] ! di/ribution ( ! v>i\s types ( canoes1 we em]ge = a mom5t f ! jungle ( speculation into ! field ( evid5ce1 ?\gh t evid5ce is scanty4 ,x is a fact t ! %ovel-nose type ( canoe is ( wid] di/ribution ?an ! o!r types4 ,x is ! only type f\nd 9 ! m>g9al regions to ! ea/ & s\? ( ! area ( typical ,nor? ,pacific ,coa/ culture4 ,?us is rais$ ! presumption t x repres5ts an old] type ( craft ?an d ! o!r models4 ,! connection betwe5 nor!rn ,cali=nia & ! ,nor? ,pacific area1 :i* seems to be exemplifi$ 9 ! di/ribution ( dug\t canoes1 is also a matt] ( "s importance4 ,ultimately x w d\btless be prov$ by a c>eful comp>ison1 9 ! two areas1 ( h\ses1 geographical notions1 money & f9ancial in/itutions1 & o!r matt]s1 t ! mode ( life ( ! tribes 9 extreme nor!rn ,cali=nia is a direct (f%oot ( ! type ( culture f\nd 9 ! ,nor?we/4 ,,bibliography ,,boas1 ,,franz #ahhi ,fir/ g5]al report on ! ,indians ( ,briti% ,columbia4 ,9 ,report ( ! ,committee appo9t$ = ! purpose ( inve/igat+ 444 ! nor?we/]n tribes ( ! ,dom9ion ( ,canada4 ,report ( ! ,fifty-n9? meet+ ( ! ,briti% ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 held 444 9 444 #ahhi1 pp4 #hja-hjc4 ,deals ) ! ,tl+it1 ,haida1 ,tsim%ian1 & ,koot5ay4 #ahij ,second g5]al report on ! ,indians ( ,briti% ,columbia4 ,same s]ies z above4 ,report ( ! ,sixtie? meet+1 held 444 9 444 #ahij1 pp4 #efb-gae4 ,deals ) ! ,nootka1 ,sali%1 & ,kwakiutl4 #ahie ,fif? report on ! ,indians ( ,briti% ,columbia4 ,same s]ies z above4 ,report ( ! ,sixty-fif? meet+1 held 444 9 444 #ahie1 pp4 #ebc-eib4 ,deals ) ! ,t9neh ( ,nicola valley1 ,ts',ets'ut1 & ,niska ( ,nass riv]4 #ahif ,six? report on ! ,indians ( ,briti% ,columbia4 ,same s]ies z above4 ,report ( ! ,sixty-six? meet+1 held 444 9 444 #ahif1 pp4 #efi-eia4 ,deals ) ! ,kwakiutl & ,tsim%ian4 #aiji ,! ,kwakiutl ( ,vanc\v] isl&4 ,memoirs ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 vol4 ,,viii1 pt4 #b 7repr9t f ,publications ( ! ,jesup ,nor? ,pacific ,exp$ition1 vol4 ,v1 pt4 #b74 ,,*amb]la91 ,a4 ,f4 #ahib ,report on ! ,koot5ay ,indians ( s\!a/]n ,briti% ,columbia4 ,9 ,report ( ! ,committee appo9t$ to inve/igate 444 ! nor?we/]n tribes ( ! ,dom9ion ( ,canada4 ,report ( ! ,sixty-second meet+ ( ! ,briti% ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce held 444 9 444 #ahib1 pp4 #edi-fae4 ,,cook1 ,,james #aghd ,a voyage to ! ,pacific ocean 444 = mak+ discov]ies 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e 444 p]=m$ by ,capta9s ,cook1 ,cl>ke1 & ,gore1 9 8 ,maje/#a's %ip ! ,resolution & ,discov]y1 9 ! ye>s #aggf1 #aggg1 #aggh1 #aggi & #aghj4 ,9 ?ree volumes 7,london74 ,,curtis1 ,,edw>d ,s4 #aijg-aiaf ,! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indian 444 be+ a s]ies ( volumes pictur+ & describ+ ! ,indians ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,alaska4 ,9 tw5ty volumes4 ,elev5 volumes publi%$ up ! pres5t "t4 ,,gibbs1 ,,george #ahee ,report on ! ,indian tribes ( ! ,t]ritory ( ,wa%+ton4 ,pacific ,railroad ,report1 vol4 ,i1 pp4 #djb-dcf1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 #ahgg ,tribes ( we/]n ,wa%+ton & nor?we/]n ,oregon4 ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior1 ,u4 ,s4 ,geographical & ,geological ,survey ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,region4 ,contributions to ,nor? ,am]ican ,e?nology1 vol4 ,i1 pp4 #ajc-bda4 ,,lewis1 ,,alb]t ,,buell #aijf ,tribes ( ! ,columbia valley & ! coa/ ( ,oregon & ,wa%+ton4 ,memoirs ( ! ,am]ican ,an?ropological ,association1 vol4 ,i1 pt4 #b4 ,,lewis & ,,cl>k #aijd ,orig9al ,j\rnals ( ! ,lewis & ,cl>k exp$ition1 #ahjd-ahjf1 pr9t$ f ! orig9al manuscript4444 ,edit$ 444 by ,reub5 ,gold ,?waites1 ,new ,york4 ,,nelson1 ,n4 ,c4 #aiai ,human ,culture4 ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,new ,york1 vol4 ,,xix1 no4 #b1 pp4 #aca-adj4 ,,niblack1 ,a4 ,p4 #ahij ,! ,coa/ ,indians ( s\!rn ,alaska & nor!rn ,briti% ,columbia4 ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 ,report ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum = #ahhh1 ,wa%+ton4 ,,swan1 ,,james ,g4 #aheg ,! ,nor?we/ coa/2 or1 ,?ree ye>s resid5ce 9 ,wa%+ton ,t]ritory4 ,new ,york4 7,h>p]47 #ahfh ,! ,indians ( ,cape ,flatt]y at ! entrance to ! ,/rait ( ,fuca1 ,wa%+ton ,t]ritory4 ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 ,contributions to ,k1 ,no4 #bbj4 ,,vanc\v]1 ,,george #agih ,a voyage ( discov]y to ! ,nor? ,pacific ocean & r\nd ! _w 444 p]=m$ 9 ! ye>s #agia-agib1 #agic1 #agid1 & #agie 9 ! ,discov]y ,sloop-(-,w>1 & ! arm$ t5d] ,*a?am4444 ,9 ?ree volumes ,london4 ,,notes #a4 ,boas1 #ahhh1 #ahij1 #aije-aiji2 ,swan1 #ahfh2 ,niblack1 #ahij2 ,gibbs1 #ahee2 ,curtis1 #aijg-aiaf2 vols4 ,,viii-,,xi & folios4 ,( ! e>li] au?ors1 ,cook1 #aghd1 vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #cbg2 ,vanc\v]1 #agih2 & ,lewis & ,cl>k1 #aijd1 vol4 ,,iv1 give valuable data4 ,= ref]5ces1 see ! bibliography4 #b4 ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 ,bureau ( ,am]ican ,e?nology1 ,bullet9 #cj4 #c4 #aijd1 vol4 ,,iv1 pp4 #ca1 #ce4 #d4 #ahhi1 p4 #hag2 #ahij1 pp4 #efe1 #eff2 also a rem>k quot$ by ,a4 ,b4 ,lewis1 #aijf1 p4 #afc4 #e4 #ahee1 p4 #dcj2 #ahgg1 p4 #baf4 #f4 #aheg1 pp4 #gi1 #hj4 #g4 #ahij1 p4 #bid4 #h4 #aijg-aiaf1 vol4 ,,ix1 p4 #fj4 #i4 ,see especially #ahij1 p4 #hag1 ) figures4 #aj4 #aijd1 p4 #cj4 #aa4 ,boas1 #ahij1 p4 #eff4 #ab4 ,boas1 #ahij1 p4 #eff2 see also ,curtis1 #aijg-aiaf1 vol4 ,x1 ,folio1 pl4 #cde4 #ac4 #ahij1 p4 #bie4 #ad4 #ahhi1 p4 #hag4 #ae4 ,! correspond+ class ( craft is call$ sn,equatl among ! ,songi%1 & is /yl$ by ,boas ! 8small fi%+ canoe40 #af4 ,see above1 p4 #bf4 #ag4 #agih1 vol4 ,i1 p4 #bjd4 #ah4 ,quot$ by ,a4 ,b4 ,lewis1 #aijf1 p4 #afc1 z not$ above4 #ai4 #aijg-aiaf1 vol4 ,,viii4 #bj4 ,= example1 #aijg-aiaf1 vol4 ,,ix1 p4 #ih4 #ba4 #ahgg1 p4 #bae4 #bb4 #aijg-aiaf1 vol4 ,,viii1 p4 #df4 #bc4 #ahib1 p4 #eff4 #bd4 #aiai1 pp4 #aac-acf4 ,no4 #e3 ,note on ! ,ar*aeology ( ,*iriqui4 ,by ,george ,grant ,mac,curdy4 ,repr9t$ f ,am]4 ,an?ropol41 ,vol4 #ae1 #aiac1 ,no4 #d4 #ej;c4 ,no4 #f3 ,petroglyphs ( ,sa9t ,v9c5t1 ,briti% ,we/ ,indies1 ,by ,?omas ,huck]by4 ,repr9t$ f ,am]4 ,an?ropol41 ,vol4 #af1 #aiad1 ,no4 #b4 #ej;c4 ,no4 #g3 ,prehi/oric ,objects f a ,%ell-heap at ,er9 ,bay1 ,tr9idad4 ,by ,j4 ,walt] ,fewkes4 ,repr9t$ f ,am]4 ,an?ropol41 ,vol4 #af1 #aiad1 ,no4 #b4 #ej;c4 ,no4 #h3 ,relations ( ,aborig9al ,culture & ,environm5t 9 ! ,less] ,antilles1 ,by ,j4 ,walt] ,fewkes4 ,repr9t$ f ,bull4 ,am]4 ,geogr4 ,soc41 ,vol4 #df1 #aiad1 ,no4 #i4 #ej;c4 ,no4 #i3 ,pott]y f ,c]ta9 ,caves 9 ,ea/]n ,santo ,dom+o1 ,we/ ,indies4 ,by ,!odoor de ,booy4 ,repr9t$ f ,am]4 ,an?ropol41 ,vol4 #ag1 #aiae1 ,no4 #a4 #ej;c4 ,vol4 #b ,no4 #a3 ,exploration ( a ,munsee ,cemet]y ne> ,montague1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,by ,george ,g4 ,heye & ,george ,h4 ,pepp]4 #aiae4 #a4jj4 ,no4 #b3 ,engrav$ ,celts f ! ,antilles4 ,by ,j4 ,walt] ,fewkes4 #aiae4 #ej;c4 ,no4 #c3 ,c]ta9 ,we/ ,indian ,sup]/itions ,p]ta9+ to ,celts4 ,by ,!odoor de ,booy4 ,repr9t$ f ,j\rn4 ,am]4 ,folk-,lore1 ,vol4 #bh1 ,no4 #ajg1 #aiae4 #ej;c4 ,no4 #d3 ,! ,nanticoke ,community ( ,delaw>e4 ,by ,frank ,g4 ,speck4 #aiae4 #a4jj4 ,no4 #e3 ,notes on ! ,ar*eology ( ,m>g>ita ,isl&1 ,v5ezuela4 ,by ,!odoor de ,booy4 #aiaf4 #ej;c4 ,no4 #f3 ,monoli?ic ,axes & _! ,di/ribution 9 ,anci5t ,am]ica4 ,by ,m>%all ,h4 ,saville4 #aiaf4 #ej;c4 ,vol4 #c ,physical ,an?ropology ( ! ,l5ape or ,delaw>es1 & ( ! ,ea/]n ,indians 9 ,g5]al4 ,by ,ale ,hrdlika4 7,bur4 ( ,am]4 ,e?nol41 ,bull4 #fb1 #aiaf1 ) add$ title-page & cov]47 #a4jj4 ,vol4 #d ,no4 #a3 ,! ,te*nique ( ,porcup9e-,quill ,decoration among ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians4 ,by ,william ,c4 ,or*>d4 #aiaf4 #a4jj4 ,no4 #b3 ,c]ta9 ,ar*eological ,inve/igations 9 ,tr9idad1 ,briti% ,we/ ,indies4 ,by ,!odoor de ,booy4 ,repr9t$ f ,am]4 ,an?ropol41 ,vol4 #ai1 #aiag1 ,no4 #d4 #ej;c4 ,no4 #c3 ,! ,nacoo*ee ,m\nd 9 ,georgia4 ,by ,george ,g4 ,heye1 ,f4 ,w4 ,hodge1 & ,george ,h4 ,pepp]4 #aiah4 #a4ej4 ,vol4 #e ,no4 #a3 ,a ,lett] ( ,p$ro de ,alv>ado ,relat+ to 8 ,exp$ition to ,ecuador #aecd4 ,by ,m>%all ,h4 ,saville4 #aiag4 #ej;c4 ,no4 #b3 ,! ,diegueo ,c]emony ( ! ,dea?-,images4 ,by ,e4 ,h4 ,davis4 #aiai4 #ej;c4 ,no4 #c3 ,c]ta9 ,m\nds 9 ,haywood ,c\nty1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,by ,george ,g4 ,heye4 ,repr9t$ f ,holmes ,anniv]s>y ,volume1 #aiaf4 #aiai4 #ej;c4 ,no4 #d3 ,exploration ( ,aborig9al ,sites at ,?rogs ,neck & ,clasons ,po9t1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,by ,alanson ,sk9n]4 #aiai4 #a4jj4 ,address3 ,,museum ,,( ,,! ,,am]ican ,,indian1 ,,heye ,,f\ndation1 ,,broadway ,,at #aee,,? ,,/41 ,,new ,,york ,,city ,,indian ,,notes ,,& ,,monographs ,,edit$ ,,by ,f4 ,w4 ,,hodge ,illu/ration3 colophon ,a ,,s]ies ,,( ,,publications ,,relat+ ,,to ,,! ,,am]ican ,,aborig9es ,,h[ ,,! ,,makah ,,obta9$ ,,possession ,,( ,,cape ,,flatt]y ,,told ,,by ,,alb]t ,,irv9e ,,translat$ ,,by ,,luke ,,m>ki/un ,,new ,,york ,,museum ,,( ,,! ,,am]ican ,,indian ,,heye ,,f\ndation #aiba