,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,m9or errors 9 punctuation & =matt+ h be5 sil5tly correct$4 ,please see ! transcrib]'s note at ! end ( ?is text = details reg>d+ ! h&l+ ( any textual issues enc\nt]$ dur+ its prep>ation4 ,please consult ! end notes1 z well1 = ! approa* us$ 9 ! r5d]+ ( ,arabic1 ,greek1 ,coptic1 ,hebrew & ,syriac text4 ,?is v]sion ( ! text _c repres5t c]ta9 typographical effects4 ,italics are delimit$ ) ! #8' "* z italic4 ,bold font is delimit$ by ! #8' "*4 ,sup]script$ & subscript$ *>act]s are %[n z #8#b' & #8#b' respectively4 ,! r5d]+ ( c]ta9 *>act]s 9 classical languages may n display correctly 9 y\r read]4 ,alignm5t 9 tables may also be compromis$4 ,,/udies ,,on ,,slav]y1 ,9 ,easy ,lessons4 ,,compil$ ,,into ,,eight ,,/udies1 ,,& ,,subdivid$ ,,into ,,%ort ,,lessons ,,= ,,! ,,conv5i5ce ,,( ,,read]s4 ,,by ,,john ,,flet*]1 ,,( ,,l\isiana4 -------------- ,,fif? ,,?\s&4 ,,nat*ez3 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,jackson ,,w>n]4 ,,*>le/on3 ,mc,c,a,r,t,e,r ,,all54--,,new ,,orleans3 ,,john ,,ball4 ,,philadelphia3 ,,?omas1 ,,c[p]?wait ,,co4 #aheb4 ----------------------- ,,ent]$ accord+ to ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahea1 by ,,jackson ,,w>n]1 s9 ! ,cl]k's ,(fice ( ! ,di/rict ,c\rt ( ! ,s\!rn ,di/rict ( ,mississippi4 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,smi? ,,pet]s1 ,frankl9 ,build+s1 ,six? ,/reet bel[ ,ar*1 ,philadelphia4 -------------- ,,publi%]',s ,,preface4 ,?is is a legitimate topic ( g5]al int]e/1 & x assumes a prepond]at+ importance to ! p ( ! ,s\!rn ,am]ican ,/ates1 :5 ! fact is tak5 into consid]ation t a g5]al league aga9/ ! in/itution ( ,african slav]y has be5 ent]$ into & consummat$ betwe5 mo/ ( ! civiliz$ nations ( ! e>?1 & public op9ion 9 _m ( ! si/] ,/ates ( our own ,national ,union has tak5 ! same direction4 ,! result is1 to h arraign$ ! slavehold+ ,/ates be=e ! mighty b> ( public op9ion1 on ! *>ge ( hold+1 z prop]ty1 m ?an t5 hundr$ millions ( doll>s' wor? ( :at does n belong to !m1 :i* is & nev] c be ! prop]ty ( man2 & ?is *>ge embraces1 )9 its scope1 ! crimes ( !ft1 robb]y1 rap9e1 & cruelty4 ,! "t has come :5 ! ,s\? mu/ ent] h] plea ( def5ce1 n because ! accus]s are =eign nations1 ( :i* x may ju/ly be said1 be=e _! *>ges are ent]ta9$1 8,physician1 heal ?yself10 b because our accus]s are among our own bre?r51 b\nd to u by fre$om's holie/ associations & religion's mo/ sacr$ ties4 ,! au?or ( ! 8,/udies on ,slav]y0 has ! d\ble advantage ( a full compreh5sion ( ! subject bo? 9 its ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn aspect4 ,born & educat$ 9 ! =m]1 & qualifi$ by a long resid5ce 9 ! latt] section ( our ,union1 he is amply qualifi$ to weigh ! prejudices1 ! tea*+s1 & ! argum5ts ( ! "o1 aga9/ ! facts1 ! ju/ifications1 ! religi\s & political sanctions ( ! o!r4 ,mr4 ,flet*] has n only m>%all$ into 8 l9e ( impregnable def5ce ! m&ates & sanctions ( ! ,sacr$ ,writ+s conc]n+ ! slave in/itutions1 b he has drawn p[]ful auxili>ies f ! s\rces ( anci5t hi/ory4 ,8 exegesis ( biblical passages1 9 ! orig9al languages 9 :i* !y 7 communicat$ by inspiration to ! _w1 %[s 8 s\nd s*ol>%ip1 z well z 8 rev]5ce ( ! lit]al s5se & specific mean+ ( ,god's holy & unimpea*able /&>d & rule ( life & action4 ,! au?or has also analyz$ ! f\nta9 ( ,moral ,philosophy1 & detect$ ! bitt] wat]s ( error s indu/ri\sly infus$ by ! eloqu5t & magical p5s ( su* writ]s z ,dr4 ,samuel ,johnson1 ,dr4 ,paley1 ,dr4 ,*ann+1 ,dr4 ,wayl&1 ,mr4 ,b>nes1 & o!rs4 ,he has conf9$ himself to ! moral & e?ical be>+s ( ! "q1 sc>cely t\*+ ^u its political aspects1--a c\rse calculat$ to r5d] ! book f> m useful to ! dispassionate seek]s aft] tru?1 :o may belong to diff]5t political sects4 ,nei!r "t nor lab\r has be5 sp>$ 9 ! au?or%ip ( ! "w2 & x is believ$ t1 :ile x is writt5 ) c&\r & calmness1 x w be receiv$ by ! p ( ! ,nor? z well z ( ! ,s\? z a s9c]e & enlight5$ endeav\r to seek = tru?1 & ?us allay ! tumultu\s & disorganiz+ fanaticism ( ^? :o h n _h opportunity to /udy ! subject1 & are incapable ( act+ ^u x ) und]/&+ & true decision4 ,,proemial ,philosophy kn[s no obligation t b9ds "o man to ano!r )\t an equival5t4 ,if "o man c\ld be subject$ to ano!r1 :o is n b\nd to r5d] any ?+ 9 return1 x w\ld be subv]sive to good morals & political ju/ice4 ,su* a relation _c exi/1 only s f> z to rea* ! imm$iate dea? ( ! subject$4 ,b x has be5 ! error ( "s good m5 to suppose t slav]y pres5t$ su* a case4 ,x has be5 _! mis=tune also to receive ! foll[+ succ$aneums z axioms 9 ! se>* = tru?3-- 8,all m5 are born equal40 8,! rights ( m5 are inali5able40 8,no man has p[] to ali5ate a natural "r40 8,no man c become prop]ty40 8,no man c own prop]ty 9 ano!r40 8,! consci5ce is a di/9ct m5tal faculty40 8,! consci5ce infallibly di/+ui%es betwe5 "r & wrong40 8,no man is "u any obligation to obey any law :5 8 consci5ce dictates x to be wrong40 8,! consci5ce emp[]s any man to nullify any law2 because ! consci5ce is a "p & p>cel ( ! ,div9e m9d40 8,slav]y is :olly f\nd$ on =ce40 8,slav]y orig9ates 9 ! p[] ( ! /rong ov] ! weak40 8,slav]y disqualifies a man to fulfil ! great object ( 8 be+40 8,! doctr9es ( ! ,bible =bid slav]y40 8,!re is no ^w1 ei!r 9 ! ,old or ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :i* expresses ! idea ( slave or slav]y40 8,slav]y places its subjects beyond moral & legal obligation3 !re=e1 x c nev] be a legal or moral relation40 8,slav]y is inconsi/5t ) ! moral nature ( man40 8,to hold 9 slav]y is inconsi/5t ) ! pres5t /ate ( morals & religion40 8,slav]y is contr>y to ! w ( ,god40 8,no man c hold a slave1 & be a ,*ri/ian40 ,av]m5ts ( ?is ord] are q num]\s4 ,fanatics receive !m2 & "s o!rs d n di/+ui% !m f tru?s4 ,at any age1 & 9 any c\ntry1 :]e su* errors are g5]ally adopt$1 & become ! rules ( political action1 morals & religion are always 9 commotion1 & 9 dang] ( %ipwreck3 =1 al?\gh1 :]e man has only approa*$ s f> t[>ds civilization t ev5 ! enlight5$ c m]ely p]ceive !m z rudim5tal1 yet ! great pr9ciples t influ5ce human life1 morality & religion1 are1 ev]y:]e1 & always h be5 ! same4 ----------------------- ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts4 ,,/udy ,i4 ,,lesson ,i4--,wayl&'s def9ition ( moral law1 page #g to #h2 s9 ! antec$5t ( slav]y1 #i2 ! abuse ( slav]y a s91 #aj4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,wayl& on ! elem5ts ( consci\sness1 #aj to #aa2 ! deg5]acy ( races1 & slav]y z ! scriptural means ( reclamation1 #ab2 object ( puni%m5t1 #ac4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,wayl& on consci5ce z a di/9ct faculty1 #ad1 #ae2 ,*ann+1 ,b>nes1 & abolitioni/s g5]ally on ! same1 #af1 #ag1 #ah4 ,,lesson ,,iv4--,wayl& on consci5ce z an indep5d5t faculty d]iv$ f ,%aftesbury1 ,hut*9son1 & ,reid1 #ah2 combat$ by ,ar*bi%op ,seek]1 #ai2 argum5t t consci5ce is nei!r a di/9ct faculty nor infallible1 #bj to #bc4 ,,lesson ,v4--,wayl&'s doctr9e1 t slav]y sacrifices ! slave's et]nal happ9ess to ! ma/]'s temporal1 refut$1 #bc to #be2 ! ma/]'s int]e/ & ! slave's moral improvem5t id5tical1 #bf1 #bg4 ,,lesson ,,vi4--,wayl&'s argum5t1 t slav]y is at v>iance ) ! laws ( ,god1 exam9$1 #bg2 its connection ) productive lab\r & national weal? consid]$1 #bh to #cb2 ,sismondi's !ory ( lab\r & capital1 #cb2 ,wayl& on slav]y z impov]i%+ soil refut$1 #cc1 #cd4 ,,lesson ,,vii4--,wayl&'s doctr9e1 t ! moral pr9ciples ( ! ,bible are oppos$ to slav]y1 refut$1 #cd1 #ce2 ,seck]'s au?ority1 #cf2 ,wayl& on slav]y z a prohibition ( gospel privileges & matrimony controv]t$1 #cg to #dj2 ,lu!r & ,melanc?on quot$1 #ci2 ,african practice 9 reg>d to matrimony1 #dj2 int]e/ ( ma/]s to promote p]man5t m>riages among _! slaves1 #dj to #db4 ,,lesson ,,viii4--,wayl&1 ,paley1 ,*ann+1 & ,b>nes on ! op9ion t ! sacr$ writ]s ab/a9$ f condemn+ slav]y on motives ( policy1 #dc to #dg4 ,,lesson ,,ix4--,wayl&'s d\bts1 caus$ by ,pr(4 ,taylor1 #dg to #ej2 ,wayl&'s ass]tion1 t ! inculcation ( ! duties ( slaves is no sanction ( slav]y1 combat$1 #ea1 #eb4 ,,lesson ,x4--,wayl&'s ass]tion1 t ,scripture is oppos$ to slav]y1 contra/$ ) ! decl>ations ( ! ,bible1 #ec2 slav]y a desirable & ard5tly s\ght condition "u c]ta9 circum/ances--hi/orical pro(s1 #ed to #eg4 ,,lesson ,,xi4--,dr4 ,paley on slav]y & ! laws ( nature1 #eg to #fa4 ,,lesson ,,xii4--,paley on cruelty z an argum5t aga9/ slav]y1 #fb2 ,l&]'s te/imony respect+ native cruelty 9 ,africa1 #fc2 ,paley's sl&] on ,jesus ,*ri/ & ,paul & ,pet] repell$1 #fe to #fg4 ,,lesson ,,xiii4--,slav]y 9 anci5t ,brita91 #fg2 ,dr4 ,samuel ,johnson's argum5t aga9/ negro slav]y analyz$1 & ov]?r[n by argum5ts drawn f ! laws ( nations & ! laws ( ,god1 #fh to #hb4 ,,/udy ,,ii4 ,,lesson ,i4--,relation ( gu>dian & w>d a ,div9e in/itution1 #hc to #he4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,slav]y a ,div9e in/itution1 & ! reason :y1 #he to #hh4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,slav]y ! s*ool ( adv]sity to reclaim wick$ nations & individuals--,scripture pro(s1 #hi to #ia4 ,,lesson ,,iv4--,alb]t ,b>nes on ! slav]y ( ! ,israelites 9 ,egypt refut$1 #ib to #if2 8 attempt by human reason to det]m9e ! w ( ,god1 #ig to #ii4 ,,lesson ,v4--,b>nes's exam9ation ( ! ,scripture argum5t on slav]y1 & ! scriptural acc\nt ( slav]y 9 ! days ( ,abraham1 contra/$1 #ii to #aji4 ,,lesson ,,vi4--,! smiles ( ,god on ! in/itution ( slav]y prov$ f ! argum5t ( ,b>nes aga9/ x1 #aaj2 ratio ( slaves to :ites1 & ! relative increase 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #aaa1 #aab4 ,,lesson ,,vii4--,! int]e/ ( ! ma/] & ! direct laws ( ,god aga9/ ! abuses ( slav]y co9cid5t1 #aac1 #aad2 ,b>nes's cure = slav]y1 #aae4 ,,lesson ,,viii4--,b>nes's d5ial t ,*ri/ ev] came 9 contact ) slav]y comp>$ ) scriptural ass]tions1 #aaf to #aai4 ,,lesson ,,ix4--,! admission ( ,b>nes 9 reg>d to slaves escap+ to ! ,hebrew c\ntry1 #aai2 8 ass]tion1 t ! ,hebrews 7 n a nation ( slavehold]s1 ov]?r[n by ,scripture te/imony1 #abj1 #aba4 ,,lesson ,x4--,di/ribution by ! ,hebrews ( captives tak5 9 battle1 #abb1 #abc2 ,greek cu/om 9 reg>d to captives made 9 w>1 #abd2 pro(-texts f ! ,bible1 #abe4 ,,lesson ,,xi4--,! claim ( ,b>nes to id5tity ) ! ,african race1 #abf2 8 views on ,paul's injunction to sympa?ize ) ^? 9 bonds controv]t$1 #abg1 #abh4 ,,lesson ,,xii4--,leg5d ( ,antio*1 ,m>g>ita1 & ! ,roman ,prfect ,olybius1 #abh to #acc2 song ( ! slaves1 #aca1 #acb2 lett] ( ,olybius to ! ,emp]or ,probus1 manufactur$ f ! language ( ,mr4 ,b>nes1 #acc to #ace4 ,,lesson ,,xiii4--,b>nes's admissions ( ! exi/5ce ( ,hebrew & ,roman slav]y1 #acf1 #acg4 ,,lesson ,,xiv4--,! d5ial ( ,b>nes t slav]y _c be def5d$ by ,bible argum5ts1 #ach2 its influ5ce on agriculture1 comm]ce1 arts1 & ! ,african slave himself consid]$1 idem2 ,s$gjo1 ! ,african slave 9 ,l\isiana1 #aci1 #adj2 ! ,p]iplus ( ,hanno1 #adj1 #ada2 ! te/imony ( ! ,l&]s on ! depravity ( native ,africans1 #adb to #add2 ! ,l&]s made slaves1 #ade2 v>i\s hi/orical au?orities on ,african & ,moori% slav]y1 #ade to #aee4 ,,lesson ,,xv4--,au?orities to prove ,african degradation cont9u$1 #aee to #aeh2 slav]y subs]vi5t to ! religi\s conv]sion ( ,african slaves1 #aei1 #afj4 ,,lesson ,,xvi4--,paul's exhortations to slaves consid]$1 #afa1 #afb2 ,god's s5t5ce ( f\r hundr$ ye>s ( slav]y ^u ! ,hebrews1 #afc4 ,,lesson ,,xvii4--,! ass]tion ( ,b>nes1 t a slave b\ght ) money _h comp5sation comm&$ to be paid him by ,scripture1 controv]t$1 #afc1 #afd2 ,b>nes's decl>ation ( ! cunn+ ( ! ,apo/les 9 n condemn+ slav]y1 #afe1 #aff4 ,,lesson ,,xviii4--,argum5t t ! injunctions ( ! ,bible ^u ,god's anci5t p are 9 =ce & equally b9d+ ^u ,*ri/ians n[1 7,*ri/ians are ! heirs ( ,abraham17 #afj to #afi4 ,,lesson ,,xix4--,au?orities quot$ by ,b>nes1 #afi2 num]\s quotations f ,b>nes on slav]y1 #agj to #agd4 ,,lesson ,,xx4--,wayl&'s ass]tion1 t1 if ! ,new ,te/am5t au?oriz$ slav]y1 x w\ld be ! greate/ ( curses1 adopt$ by ,b>nes1 #agd to #agf4 ,,/udy ,,iii4 ,,lesson ,i4--,works ( ,rev4 ,dr4 ,*ann+--8 op9ion t ! wor/ errors may arise f religi\s t5d5cies1 #agg1 #agh4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,*ann+'s sev5 argum5ts1 t a man _c be held z prop]ty1 exam9$1 #agh1 #agi2 8 doctr9e ( consci5ce & inde/ructible rights1 #ahj to #ahb4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,exam9ation ( ,*ann+'s sev5 argum5ts cont9u$1 #ahc to #ahh4 ,,lesson ,,iv4--,t slav]y1 disease1 & dea? are necess>y effects ( s9 prov$ by ! *apt] ( curses1 7,deut4 xxviii417 #ahh to #aic2 ,*ann+'s /&>d ( feel+ or s5se ( duty controv]t$1 #aid1 #aie4 ,,lesson ,v4--,*ann+'s !ory ( man's rights & 8 consci\sness exam9$1 #aie1 #aif2 argum5t t slav]y is ! be/ condition = ! ,african race1 #aig to #bjj2 criticism on ,*ann+'s use ( ! words nature1 consci5ce1 law ( nature1 c41 #bjj to #bjd4 ,,lesson ,,vi4--,*ann+'s position1 t ! debasem5t ( ,african slav]y arises f ! enslavem5t ( ! race 9 ,am]ica1 controv]t$1 #bjd to #bjf2 its influ5ce on ! ma/] race1 #bjf1 #bjg4 ,,lesson ,,vii4--,*ann+'s views ( slav]y1 z conducive to lic5ti\sness & unre/ra9$ cohabitation betwe5 ma/]s & female slaves1 exam9$1 #bjg to #baa2 8 views ( ! quality & bro!rhood ( ! races1 #bab to #bad4 ,,lesson ,,viii4--,*ann+ on ! relative productiv5ess ( free & slave lab\r1 #bae2 8 op9ion t ! admission ( slave t]ritory 0 j cause = ! dissolution ( ! ,union1 #bag1 #bah2 8 def]5ce to ! op9ion ( ,europe1 #bah2 lab\r & capital1 ! political influ5ce ( slav]y1 #bai to #bba4 ,,lesson ,,ix4--,*ann+'s views ( ! scriptural argum5t 9 fav\r ( slav]y ov]?r[n1 by a p>allel betwe5 slav]y & polygamy1 #bbb to #bcj4 ,,lesson ,x4--,*ann+ adopt+ & endors+ ,paley's sl&] on ! integrity ( ,paul1 #bcj to #bcb4 ,,lesson ,,xi4--,*ann+'s plan ( emancipation & inflammatory c\nsels to ! free ,/ates1 #bcb to #bce4 ,,lesson ,,xii4--,! zeal ( abolitionism n accord+ to k1 #bce1 #bcf2 ,*ann+'s op9ion t ! negro is "o ( ! be/ races ( ! human family1 #bcg2 ,*ann+ on ,we/ ,india emancipation & ,s\!rn "*1 #bcg to #bci4 ,,lesson ,,xiii4--,sympa?y = ^? suff]+ puni%m5t f ,god1 = s91 consid]$1 #bci to #bda2 ! det]ioration ( s9 ! inevitable cause ( slav]y1 #bda to #bdc4 ,,lesson ,,xiv4--,god's gov]nm5t ( ! univ]se1 & 8 decl>ation ( ! "r ( man's prop]ty 9 man1 #bdc to #bdf2 ,god's bless+ on ! slave-own]s1 #bdg1 #bdh4 ,,lesson ,,xv4--,ham's int]m>riage ) ! race ( ,ca9 ! cause ( 8 doom & t ( 8 se$ to p]petual s]vitude1 #bdh to #bej2 ,god nev] entails a curse )\t suffici5t cause1 #bej1 #bea2 ! m>k on ,ca91 #beb to #bee4 ,,/udy ,,iv4 ,,lesson ,i4--,extracts f ,b[]1 #bef2 ! ,treuga ,dei1 #beg1 #beh2 ,bi%op ,engl& quot$ on ! action & records ( ! ,*ur*1 #bei1 #bfj4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,e/abli%m5t ( ,*ri/ianity by law1 by ,con/ant9e1 & ! rise ( ,mohamm$anism1 #bfa1 #bfb2 ! s*ism ( ! ,greek ,*ur*1 #bfc1 #bfd4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,nature sw>m+ ) life1 & life m]g+ 9 di/ress & dea?1 #bfd1 #bfe2 s9 ! cause ( slav]y1 & ! latt] z a protection1 #bff1 #bfg2 slav]y 9 ,*9a1 #bfi4 ,,lesson ,,iv4--,lib]ty ( less value ?an life1 #bgj2 ! ,div9e grant to hold slaves1 #bga4 ,,lesson ,v4--,e>ly *ur* acts & docum5ts approv+ & provid+ = slav]y1 #bgb2 ! canons & ! con/itutions ( ! apo/les1 #bgb to #bgd2 con/itution ( ,anton9us ,pius respect+ cruelty to slaves1 #bge2 canons ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,nice & ! fir/ appe>ance ( abolitionism 9 ! _w1 #bgf1 #bgg2 ,/4 ,basil's canonical writ+s1 #bgh4 ,,lesson ,,vi4--,! invasion ( ,attila & ! ,pontiff ,leo's successful int]cession1 #bgi1 #bhj2 ,n]o's ,african slaves1 & ! :ite slaves ( ! ,roman ,empire1 #bha4 ,,lesson ,,vii4--,*ur* rescripts = ! fre$om ( slaves1 & ,/4 ,augu/9's mode ( manumission 9 ,africa1 #bhb1 #bhc2 ,pope ,leo's lett]s1 =bidd+ slaves to ent] ! prie/hood1 & protect+ ! rights ( ma/]s1 #bhd1 #bhe2 b>b>ian cruelty to slaves ameliorat$ by ,*ri/ianity1 #bhf1 #bhg2 canons ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,agdle on slav]y1 #bhh2 modes ( becom+ slaves1 #bhi1 #bij4 ,,lesson ,,viii4--,muratori on ! manumission ( slaves 9 ,rome1 #bia2 colonial & conditional slaves1 #bib2 arm+ ( slaves 9 def5ce ( ,rome & ! glutt+ ( ! slave-m>kets ( ! _w1 #bic2 canons ( ! ,f\r? ,c\ncil ( ,orleans1 #bid1 #bie2 ditto ,fif? ,c\ncil ( ,orleans1 #bif to #bii4 ,,lesson ,,ix4--,bi%op ,engl&'s acc\nt ( slav]y 9 ,engl& & ,irel& 9 remote ages1 #bii1 #cjj2 ,pope ,pelagius & ! canons ( ! ,?ird ,c\ncils ( ,p>is & ,braga1 #cja1 #cjb2 articles ( ! ,?ird ,c\ncil ( ,tol$o1 #cjb1 #cjc4 ,,lesson ,x4--,! v5]able ,b$e's acc\nt ( ! slave-trade ( ,engl&1 ,a4,d4 #egg1 #cjd to #cjf2 ,pope ,gregory's pur*ase ( ,briti% y\?1 #cjf1 #cjg2 ,gregory's pa/oral admonitions & epi/les1 #cjh to #caa4 ,,lesson ,,xi4--,con/ant9e's edict t none b ,*ri/ians c\ld hold slaves1 #bab1 #bac2 ,gregory's lett] to ! ,prfect ( ,sicily1 #cac to #cae2 canons ( ! ,f\r? ,c\ncils ( ,orleans & ,macon1 #cae1 #caf2 ,gregory to ! ,bi%op ( ,luna1 & ! laws ( ! empire on slav]y1 #cag1 #cah4 ,,lesson ,,xii4--,gregory to ! ,bi%op ( ,naples1 #cai1 #cbj2 ! same to ! ,bi%op ( ,catania1 #cba4 ,,lesson ,,xiii4--,ju/9ian's law to protect debtors aga9/ slav]y1 #cbc2 ,gregory's lett]s ab\t a ,syrian deeply 9 debt1 #cbb2 8 lett] ( emancipation to ,montana & ,?omas1 #cbd1 #cbe2 ,ju/9ian's law ( m>riage betwe5 slaves & p]sons on diff]5t e/ates1 #cbg1 #cbh2 ,gregory's lett] on ! same subject1 #cbi2 8 lett] to ! ,bi%op ( ,syracuse on ! same1 #ccj1 #cca4 ,,lesson ,,xiv4--,gregory's de$ ( gift convey+ ! slave boy ,acorimus to ,!odore ! c\nsellor1 #cca1 #ccb2 8 lett] ab\t a slave to ! ,proctor ,bonitus1 #ccc3 8 docum5t to reclaim runaway slaves1 #ccc1 #ccd2 8 v>i\s lett]s conc]n+ slaves & ! pur*ase ( ,b>b>y slaves1 #ccd to #ccf4 ,,lesson ,,xv4--,canons ( ! ,c\ncils ( ,tol$o & ,s>agossa1 #ccf to #cci2 laws ( ,ina1 k+ ( ! ,we/ ,saxons1 & ! judgm5ts ( ,)r$1 #cdj to #cdc4 ,,lesson ,,xvi4--,! canons ( ,!odore1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury1 ,k+ ,pep91 ,c\ncil ( ,bav>ia1 ,pope ,adrian & ,*>lemagne1 #cdc to #cdi2 canon ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,frank=t1 #cdi1 #cej4 ,,lesson ,,xvii4--,laws ( ,*>lemagne on slav]y1 #cej to #cec2 canons ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,aix-la-,*apelle1 #cec2 capitul>y ( ! ,emp]or ,lo?>ius1 #cec to #cee4 ,,lesson ,,xviii4--,unconnect$ facts be>+ on anci5t slav]y2 pro/itutes made slaves2 ,sclavonian bondage2 p]secution ( ! ,knights ,templ>s1 #cee to #cfj4 ,,lesson ,,xix4--,d]ivation ( ! ^w w>2 ,div9e au?ority = w>s1 #cfa to #cfe2 ! *ur* claim+ ! "r to decl>e (f5sive w> "u two circum/ances1 #cfe2 bull ( ,pope ,gregory ,,xi4 aga9/ ! ,flor5t9es1 #cff1 #cfg2 ,papal bulls aga9/ ! ,v5itians & ,h5ry ,,viii4 ( ,engl&1 #cfg to #cfi2 ! ,am]ican colonies at ,new ,hav5 decree+ ! ,indian tribes to slav]y1 #cfi1 #cgj4 ,,lesson ,,xx4--,anci5t piracy & pirates1 #cgj1 #cga2 rise ( ! ,v&als1 ,go?s1 ,huns1 & ,t>t>s1 #cgb2 ! ,nor?m51 #cgc to #cgi4 ,,lesson ,,xxi4--,condition ( slav]y 9 ,europe1 #cgi to #cha4 ,,lesson ,,xxii4--,orig9 ( ! ,sclavonians1 #cha2 ! desc5t ( ! ,arabs & ,moors1 #chc1 #chd4 ,,lesson ,,xxiii4--,africans g5]ally slaves 9 _! native c\ntry1 #chd2 ,african slav]y to ! ,%emitic races =etold by prophecy1 #che1 #chf2 sket* ( ! life1 doctr9es1 & conque/s ( ,mohamm$ & 8 successors1 #chf to #cij4 ,,lesson ,,xxiv4--,slav]y introduc$ into ! _w z a m]cy 9 fav\r ( life1 #cij2 duty & int]e/ comb9e to incite ! ma/] to promote religion & good morals 9 ! slave1 #cia2 slav]y comm&$ by reason & ! laws ( nature1 #cib4 ,,/udy ,v4 ,,lesson ,i4--,fai? & obs]vance ( facts 9 ! moral _w ! true modes ( le>n+ ,god's w1 #cic4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,! works ( creation pro(s ( ! ,creator1 #cid to #cih4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,! "q ( ! admission ( evil into ! economy ( ,god's gov]nm5t on e>?1 & a d5ial t all m5 are born equals1 #cih1 #cii2 ! five races ( ! human family1 & ! moral necessity ( comm& 9 "s & subord9ation 9 o!rs1 #cii to #djb4 ,,lesson ,,iv4--,intellect correspond5t to organization1 #djc2 inquiry into ! nature ( in/9ct by v>i\s philosoph]s1 #djc to #dje2 inexorable inequality ( human condition 9 ?is _w & ! next1 #djf to #djh4 ,,lesson ,v4--,! moral duty ( lov+ our species def9$1 #dji4 ,,lesson ,,vi4--,m5 n equal physically1 religi\sly1 m5tally1 morally1 or politically1 #daj4 ,,lesson ,,vii4--,ju/ice & ! rules ( ,*ri/ianity id5tical & insep>able1 #daa1 #dab4 ,,lesson ,,viii4-,! gold5 rule consid]$ 9 relation to slav]y1 #dac to #daf4 ,,lesson ,,ix4--,! un*angeabl5ess ( ,god1 & human mis]y caus$ by a g5]al rebellion aga9/ 8 laws1 #dag to #dbj4 ,,lesson ,x4--,*ri/ianity incompatible ) savage life1 #dbj1 #dba4 ,,lesson ,,xi4--,gradation 9 intellect & condition no imp$im5t to ,*ri/ianity1 #dba4 ,,lesson ,,xii4--,*ri/ianity & slav]y n antagoni/ic1 #dbb4 ,,lesson ,,xiii4--,*ri/ian humility inculcat$1 #dbc4 ,,lesson ,,xiv4--,! radiance ( ,*ri/ian hope equalizes all v>iety ( condition1 #dbc1 #dbd2 sket* ( ! slave's prospect ( immortal happ9ess1 #dbf to #dbh4 ,,lesson ,,xv4--,! feebl5ess ( f9ite conceptions ( inf9ity1 #dbh1 #dbi2 hope = ! submissive1 #dcj1 #dca2 ! requirem5t ( ,god t ! /rong %\ld protect ! weak1 #dcb4 ,,/udy ,,vi4 ,,lesson ,i4--,nature ( s92 ! primal transgression1 #dcc1 #dcd4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,! occupation & doom ( ,ca91 #dce1 #dcf4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,! m>k ^u ,ca91 ,mohamm$an traditions1 #dcg1 #dch2 pro(-texts f ,scripture1 #dci1 #ddj4 ,,lesson ,,iv4--,! puni%m5t ( ,ca9 did n lead him to re=mation1 #ddj2 ,asiatic hyp]bole 9 description1 #dda1 #ddb4 ,,lesson ,v4--,! cause ( ,ca9's degradation r5ew$ ^u ,canaan1 & 8 ma/]s nam$1 #ddb1 #ddc4 ,,lesson ,,vi4--,pro(s t ! desc5dants ( ,ham inh]it$ ! curse ( ,ca91 & 7 black1 z also 7 ! ,canaanites :om ,god's *os5 p ei!r ext]m9at$ or enslav$1 #ddc to #ddg4 ,,lesson ,,vii4--,! negro l9eage ( ,ham e/abli%$1 #ddg to #dea4 ,,lesson ,,viii4--,signification ( ! "n 8,naamah0 9 ,hebrew & ,arabic1 #dea to #dee4 ,,lesson ,,ix4--,v>iations 9 diff]5t languages ( ! names ( ,ca9 & ,naamah1 also ( o!r rem>kable words1 #def to #deh4 ,,lesson ,x4--,! names & d]ivatives ( ! words ,ca9 & ,naamah f\nd only among ! desc5dants ( ,ham1 #dei to #dfd4 ,,lesson ,,xi4--,pro(s scriptural & hi/orical t ! desc5dants ( ,ham 7 black1 #dfd to #dgj4 ,,lesson ,,xii4--,biblical pro(s t ! ,canaanites 7 black1 #dga to #dgc4 ,,lesson ,,xiii4--,scriptural te/imony respect+ ! col\r ( ! races ( ! human family1 #dgc to #dgg4 ,,lesson ,,xiv4--,jewi% w>s aga9/ ! ,e?iopian race2 ! ,phili/9es black1 #dgh1 #dgi2 ! orig9 ( ^! w>s ! animosity betwe5 ! ,%emitic & ,hamitic races1 #dhj2 diff]5ce 9 ! /ructure ( ! bones & ! hair betwe5 ! antagoni/ races1 #dha2 int]m>riage ) ! ,hamitic by ! ,%emitic race a cause ( ,god's ang]1 #dhb2 ! disp]sion ( ! ,canaanites by ! ,jewi% conque/ ( ,pale/9e1 #dhb4 ,,lesson ,,xv4--,d]ivation & tra9 ( ?\ght connect$ ) ! ^w ,ham 9 ! ,%emitic languages1 #dhc to #dhg2 ! ,hebrew p]sonal pron\n1 #dhh to #dia2 orig9 ( ! ^w ,e?iopian1 #dic to #die4 ,,lesson ,,xvi4--,hebrew1 ,syriac1 ,greek1 & ,coptic d]ivations ( ! ^w ,ham1 #die to #ejb4 ,,lesson ,,xvii4--,exegesis ( ! ?irty-?ird *apt] ( ,ecclesia/icus1 #ejb to #ejc2 ! provid5ce ( ,god manife/$ 9 plac+ det]iorat$ races "u ! control ( races less debas$1 #ejd1 #eje4 ,,/udy ,,vii4 ,,lesson ,i4--,critical exam9ation into ! mean+ ( ! ,greek ^w 1 d\los1 slave1 z us$ bo? by ! sacr$ & classical writ]s1 #ejf4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,abolition d5unciation ( ! ,bible1 #ejg1 #ejh2 t5d5cy to my/]y 9 ! human m9d2 ! ,god ( ,abraham & ,moses1 :o gave comm& h[ to treat slaves1 to be tru/+ly wor%ipp$1 #ejh1 #eji4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,! mean+ ( z us$ by ! ,greek poets1 #eaj2 ,valck5a]us on ! phonetic relation ( ,greek words to _! d]ivative1 #eaa to #ead2 ! argum5t t c\ld n h meant an unconditional slave1 refut$1 #eae1 #eaf4 ,,lesson ,,iv4--,extracts f ,grecian hi/orians1 philosoph]s1 & poets1 %[+ ! classical s5se 9 :i* !y us$ ! ^w & its d]ivatives1 #eaf to #ecf4 ,,lesson ,v4--,! use ( ! ^w by ,?ucydides1 ,h]odotus1 & ,x5ophon1 #ecf to #edf4 ,,lesson ,,vi4--,extracts f ,x5ophon cont9u$1 #edf to #edi4 ,,lesson ,,vii4--,extracts f ,x5ophon's ,cyropdia1 #edi to #eed4 ,,lesson ,,viii4--,extracts f ,h]odotus ( ,halic>nassus1 #eed to #eeh4 ,,lesson ,,ix4--,! ,scriptural use ( ! ^w 1 #eei to #efa4 ,,lesson ,x4--,scriptural extracts cont9u$1 #efb to #efd4 ,,lesson ,,xi4--,! ,greek ^w signify+ slave-/eal]s 9 #a ,tim4 i4 #e to #aa1 #efd to #eff2 quotation f ,x5ophon 9 pro(1 #eff2 ! appeal ( ,mr4 ,b>nes to ! ,dut*1 #efg2 ,greek words f freeman & slave1 #efh4 ,,lesson ,,xii4--,paul on slave /eal+1 #efi to #egb4 ,,lesson ,,xiii4--,reasons = ,paul's in/ructions to ,timo?y & to ,*ri/ian slaves respect+ slave-/eal+ & ! duties ( ! s]vile condition1 #egb to #ege4 ,,lesson ,,xiv4--,! use ( ! ^w by ,jesus ,*ri/1 #egf1 #egg4 ,,lesson ,,xv4--,use ( ! ^w by ,paul1 ,pet]1 ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 ,luke1 & ,john1 #egh to #eha4 ,,lesson ,,xvi4--,orig9 ( ! ,engli% ^w s]vant & its d]ivatives1 #eha2 its use by ! sacr$ writ]s & ,grecian s*ol>s1 #ehb to #ehe4 ,,/udy ,,viii4 ,,lesson ,i4--,hebrew or?ography ( ! ^w by :i* we mean slave1 #ehf to #ehh2 ! correspond+ ^w 9 ! ,arabic1 ,*aldaic1 & ,syriac languages1 #ehh to #eij4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,t5d5cy ( ! ,%emitic languages to ! rhetorical figure prosopopia1 #eij to #eid4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,examples ( ! ,hebrew ^w mean+ slave1 bo? z a n\n & a v]b1 #eie to #fja4 ,,lesson ,,iv4--,refutation ( ! ass]tion t ! root ( ! ,hebrew ^w mean+ slave is also us$ 9 a s5se signify+ wor%ip1 #fjb to #fjg4 ,,lesson ,v4--,fur!r quotations f ! sacr$ writ]s1 %[+ ! mean+ atta*$ to ! ,hebrew ^w signify+ slave 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 #fjg to #fji4 ,,lesson ,,vi4--,quotations f ! sacr$ au?ors ( ! use ( ! ,hebrew v]b signify+ to slave1 or to be slaves to1 #faj1 #faa2 id5tity ( welf>e & int]e/ betwe5 ! slave & 8 ma/]1 #fab1 #fac4 ,,lesson ,,vii4--,! two di/9ct eras 9 ! ,hebrew language2 its approximation to ! ,*aldaic & ,p]sian 9 ! second era1 #fac to #fae4 ,,lesson ,,viii4--,mean+ atta*$ to ! ,hebrew ^w signify+ slave by ,ezra1 ,nehemiah1 ,j]emiah1 & o!r prophets1 #faf to #fah4 ,,lesson ,,ix4--,! use ( ! ,hebrew ^w mean+ slave 9 ! book ( ,g5esis1 & extract f ! ,rev4 ,j4,b4 ,/ratton's lett] to ! au?or on ! same1 #fah to #fbj2 ! ^w ,ed5 9 ! ,arabic1 #fbj1 #fba2 ! ,hebrew ^w mean+ tille?1 #fbb4 ,,lesson ,x4--,! laws ( ,moses 9 ,deut]onomy respect+ slav]y1 #fbc4 ,,lesson ,,xi4--,! ,hebrew use ( ! ^w mean+ slaves 9 ,samuel1 & _m o!r books ( ! ,bible1 #fbd to #fbg4 ,,lesson ,,xii4--,decl5sion ( ! ,hebrew n\n mean+ slave1 & ! conjugation & p>adigms ( ! ,hebrew v]b signify+ to slave1 #fbh to #fcg4 ------------------------------------ ,,/udies ,,on ,,slav]y4 ------------------------------------ ,/udy ,i4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,i4 8,! ,elem5ts ( ,moral ,sci5ce3 ,by ,,francis ,,wayl&1 ,d4,d41 ,presid5t ( ,br[n ,univ]sity1 & ,pr(essor ( ,moral ,philosophy4 ,=tie? ,?\s&4 ,bo/on1 #ahdi40 ,pp4 #cif4 ,,?is au?or in=ms u t he has be5 _m ye>s prep>+ ! "w1 ) a view to furni% 8 pupils ) a text-book free f ! errors ( ,paley4 ,l ,paley1 :om he evid5tly wi%es to sup]s$e1 he has devot$ a portion ( 8 /r5g? to ! abolition ( slav]y4 ,we propose to look into ! book ) an eye to t subject alone4 ,presid5t ,wayl& says3 ,p4 #bd4 8,moral ,law is a =m ( expression d5ot+ an ord] ( sequ5ce e/abli%$ betwe5 ! moral quality ( actions & _! results40 ,pp4 #be1 #bf4 8,an ord] ( sequ5ce e/abli%$1 supposes1 ( necessity1 an ,e/abli%]4 ,h5ce ,moral ,philosophy1 z well z e o!r sci5ce1 proce$s ^u ! supposition ( ! exi/5ce ( a ,univ]sal ,cause1 ! ,creator ( all ?+s1 :o has made e ?+ z x is1 & :o has subject$ all ?+s to ! relations :i* !y su/a94 ,& h5ce1 z all relations1 :e!r moral or physical1 are ! result ( 8 enactm5t1 an ord] ( sequ5ce once discov]$ 9 morals1 is j z inviolable z an ord] ( sequ5ce 9 physics4 8,su* be+ ! fact1 x is evid5t t ! moral laws ( ,god c nev] be v>i$ by ! in/itutions ( man1 any m ?an ! physical laws4 ,! results :i* ,god has connect$ ) actions w inevitably occur1 all ! creat$ p[] 9 ! univ]se to ! contr>y not)/&+4 8,yet m5 h always flatt]$ !mselves ) ! hope t !y c\ld violate ! moral law & escape ! consequ5ces :i* ,god has e/abli%$4 ,! reason is obvi\s4 ,9 physics1 ! consequ5t foll[s ! antec$5t1 (t5 imm$iately1 & mo/ commonly aft] a /at$ & well-kn[n int]val4 ,9 morals1 ! result is frequ5tly long delay$2 ! "t ( its occurr5ce is always unc]ta93--,h5ce1 #8because ! s5t5ce aga9/ an evil "w is n spe$ily execut$1 !re=e ! he>ts ( ! sons ( m5 are fully set 9 !m to d evil4' ,b "t1 :e!r long or %ort1 has nei!r p[] nor t5d5cy to *ange ! ord] ( an e/abli%$ sequ5ce4 ,! "t requir$ = vegetation1 9 diff]5t ord]s ( plants1 may v>y2 b1 yet1 :eat w always produce :eat1 & an acorn w always produce an oak4 ,t su* is ! case 9 morals1 a hea!n poet has taught u4 #8,r>o1 antec$5tum scele/um des]uit p$e pna claudo4' ,,hor4 lib4 iii4 c>4 #b4 8,a high] au?ority has admoni%$ u1 #8,be n deceiv$2 ,god is n mock$2 :atsoev] a man s[e?1 t %all he reap4' ,x is also to be rememb]$1 t1 9 morals z well z 9 physics1 ! h>ve/ is always m abundant ?an ! se$ f :i* x spr+s40 ,to ?is doctr9e we yield ! highe/ approval4 ,! fir/ obvi\s d$uction f ! lesson "h advanc$ is1 t ! laws ( ,god1 z once reveal$ to man1 nev] lose _! high moral qualities nor _! div9e "*1 at any subsequ5t age ( ! _w4 ,! law1 :i* ,god deliv]$ to ,moses f ,m\nt ,s9ai1 au?oriz+ 8 *os5 p to buy slaves1 & hold !m z an inh]itance = _! *ildr5 aft] !m1 is1 !re=e1 ! law ( ,god n[4 ,! action ( ! law may be susp5d$ at a p>ticul> "t or place1 f a *ange ( cont+5cies1--yet ! law /&s unaffect$4 ,we hope no "o d\bts ! accuracy ( ! doctr9e ?us fairly /at$ 9 ^! 8,elem5ts40 ,b we %all see h[ fatal x is to "s portions ( ! au?or's positions conc]n+ slav]y4 ,& we propose to %[ h[ ?is doctr9e1 z connect$ ) slav]y1 has be51 & is elucidat$ 9 scripture4 ,! tw5ty-eigh? *apt] ( ,deut]onomy %[s t ! fruits ( wick$ness are all mann] ( curses1 f9ally t]m9at+ 9 slav]y or dea?4 ,"h1 slav]y1 z a ?reat5$ puni%m5t1 di/9ctly looks back to a c\rse ( wick$ness = its antec$5t4 ,! same idea is spread ?r\gh ! :ole ,scriptures3 8,:osoev] committe? s91 is ! s]vant ( s940 ,john viii4 #cd4 8,i am c>nal1 sold "u s940 ,rom4 vii4 #ad4 8,behold1 = y\r iniquities h ye sold y\rselves40 ,isa4 #a4 #a4 ,see1 also1 ,j]4 xiii4 #bb4 ,! biblical s*ol> w recollect a multitude ( in/ances :]e ?is doctr9e is cle>ly advanc$1 recognis+ s9 z ! antec$5t ( slav]y4 ,abraham 0 ob$i5t to ! voice ( ,god4 ,8 conduct 0 ! antec$5t & ! consequ5t 01 ,god heap$ ^u him _m bless+s & among !m1 ri*es 9 v>i\s ?+s1--8male & female slaves10 "s ( :om 7 8born 9 8 h\se10 & "s 8b\ght ) 8 money20 & ,god made a cov5ant ) him1 grant+ him1 & 8 se$ aft] him1 ! l& ( ,canaan = an ev]la/+ possession4 ,b ?is gift1 z is ! cont9uance ( all o!r bless+s1 0 accompani$ ) a condition1 :i* is well expla9$ 9 ,g5esis1 xviii4 #ai3 8,= ,i "k him1 t he w comm& 8 *ildr5 & 8 h\sehold aft] him1 & !y %all keep ! way ( ! ,"l to d ju/ice & judgm5t2 t ! ,"l may br+ ^u ,abraham t :i* he ha? spok5 ( him40 ,s*ol>s w conc$e ! fact t 88 h\sehold0 is a t]m by :i* 8 slaves are p>ticul>ly includ$1 ov] :om 8 gov]nm5t 0 ext5d$2 &1 )\t its prop] ma9t5ance1 ! cov5ant s f> on 8 "p w\ld be brok54 ,f ! word+ ( ! cov5ant x is evid5t t ,abraham _h slaves be=e ! cov5ant 0 made1 s9ce x embrac$ regulations conc]n+ slaves1 b1 9 no in/ance1 h9ts t ! exi/5ce ( slav]y 0 adv]se to ! law ( ,god1 or t ! hold+ ( slaves1 z slaves1 0 contr>y to 8 w4 ,! d$uction is1 t slav]y exi/s 9 ! _w by ,div9e appo9tm5t2 & t ! act ( own+ slaves is 9 con=mity ) ! moral law4 ,! doctr9e1 t s9 is ! antec$5t ( slav]y1 is fur!r elucidat$ & made /ill m manife/ by ! recognition ( ! in/itution by ! biblical writ]s1 :]e !y place s9 & slav]y 9 opposition to hol9ess & fre$om3--?us1 figuratively1 mak+ righte\sness ! antec$5t ( fre$om4 8,/& fa/1 !re=e1 9 ! lib]ty :]e) ,*ri/ has made u free1 & be n entangl$ aga9 ) ! yoke ( bondage40 ,gal4 v4 #a4 8,& ye %all "k ! tru?1 & ! tru? %all make y free40 ,john iii4 #cb4 ,! abuse ( slav]y1 l ! abuse ( any ?+ else1 is d\btless a great s94 ,( ! bless+s ,god be/[s on man1 !re is p]haps no "o he does n abuse2 & :ile we exam9e ! laws ( ,god1 z pres5t+ to ! m9d ! va/ field ( cause & effect1--( antec$5t & consequ5t1--we may be l$ to a reflection on ! necessity ( a con=mity !reto1 le/ a long cont9uance ( su* abuses %all become ! antec$5t to future calamities & woes1 ei!r to ourselves or po/]ity2 woes & calamities prefigur$ by ^? nations & tribes already "u ! infliction ( slav]y1 z a j puni%m5t ( s94 ,?us f>1 we ?ank ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,wayl& = ?is fair expos ( 8 views ( ! moral law ( ,god2 & if he w apply !m n[ to ! in/itution ( slav]y1--if he w unfett] 8 intellect f ! manacles impos$ on x by a defective education on t subject1 & cut himself loose f ! prejudices t 8 associations h ga!r$ ar\nd him1 we may yet h occasion to rejoice ov] him z "o once an e/ray f ! fold ( tru?1 b n[ return$1 8sitt+ 9 8 "r m9d & clo!d40 ,& w n ,mr4 ,full] & ,pr(essor ,taylor rejoice ) u6 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,ii4 ,9 ^? 8,elem5ts ( ,moral ,sci5ce10 we f9d ! foll[+1 p4 #bi3 8,f :at has be5 said1 x may be se5 t !re exi/s1 9 ! actions ( m51 an elem5t :i* does n exi/ 9 ! actions ( brutes 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,we c op]ate ^u brutes only by fe> ( puni%m5t1 & hope ( rew>d4 ,we c op]ate ^u man1 n only 9 ?is mann]1 b also by an appeal to 8 consci\sness ( "r & wrong2 & by su* means z may improve 8 moral nature4 ,h5ce1 all modes ( puni%m5t1 :i* treat m5 z we treat brutes1 are z unphilosophical z !y are ?\ghtless1 cruel1 & v9dictive4 ,su* are ^? sy/ems ( crim9al jurisprud5ce :i* h 9 view no?+ m ?an ! infliction ( pa9 ^u ! (f5d]40 ,x 0 unnecess>y to in=m u t man possesses high] m5tal end[m5ts ?an ! brute4 ,b ! ma9 object ( ! au?or 9 ! =ego+ p>agraph is 8 d$uction2 t1 because we c op]ate on man by an appeal to 8 consci\sness ( "r & wrong1 !re=e any o!r mode ( gov]n+ him is wrong4 ,?is consequ5t we fail to p]ceive4 ,we also fail 9 ! p]ception t 8 po/ulate is univ]sally true3 :i* we ?9k %\ld h be5 prov$ be=e he c claim ass5t to ! d$uction4 ,if ?is our view be correct1 we beg ! rev]5d au?or to reflect h[ f> he may h made himself obnoxi\s to ! *>ge ( sophi/ry6 ,if ,presid5t ,wayl& int5ds1 by ! clause1--8& by su* means z may improve 8 moral nature10--to include corporeal puni%m5t1 !n 8 m9d 0 unprep>$ to grapple ) ! subject2 =1 9 t case1 ! :ole p>agraph is obscure1 )\t object1 & s5seless4 ,we mo/ readily agree t to gov]n man by appeals to 8 consci\sness ( "r & wrong is highly prop] :]e ! m9d is s well cultivat$ t no o!r gov]nm5t is requir$4 ,b1 h[ev] unhappy may be ! reflection1 too l>ge a proportion ( ! human family w n fall )9 t class4 ,h[ (t5 d we see among m51 o!rwise hav+ "s claim to be class$ ) ! intellig5t1 ^? ( ackn[l$g$ bad habits2 habits :i* directly =ce ! suff]] d[nw>d to pov]ty1 disgrace1 disease1 imbecility1 & dea?1--on :om argum5t address$ to _! 8consci\sness ( "r & wrong10 8is wat] spill$ on ! gr\nd40 ,*ildr51 ^: ance/ors h1 = ages1 rank$ among ! highly cultivat$ ( ! e>?1--ea* g5]ation surpass+ its pr$ecessor 9 k1 9 sci5ce1 & religion1--h be5 f\nd to deg5]ate1 (t5] ?an o!rwise1 :5 tra9$ solely by argum5ts address$ to _! reason1 & unaccompani$ by physical compulsion4 ,:at !n are we to expect f man 9 a savage /ate1 ^: ance/ors h be5 deg5]at+ f g5]ation to g5]ation1 ?r\gh untold ages1--him1 :o has sc>cely a feel+ 9 common ) civiliz$ man1 except su* z is common to ! m]e animal1--him1 :om det]iorat+ causes h r$uc$ to ! l[e/ grade above ! brute8 ,domb]g] sp5t twelve ye>s 9 pass+ ?r\gh ! c5tral p>ts ( ,africa1 f nor? to s\?4 ,he f\nd ! negroes1 9 a l>ge di/rict ( c\ntry1 9 a /ate ( total brutality4 ,_! habits 7 ^? only ( ! wild brutes4 ,!y _h no fix$ resid5ces4 ,!y lay d[n :]ev] !y might be :5 dispos$ to sleep4 ,!y 7 n m greg>i\s ?an ! wild goats4 ,s f> z he c\ld discov]1 !y _h n a language ev51 by :i* to hold int]c\rse ) ea* o!r4 ,!y possess$ no p[] by :i* !y 7 enabl$ to exhibit moral degradation1 any m ?an ! wild bea/s4 ,hanno1 ! ,c>?ag9ian navigator1 9 8 ,p]iplus1 eight hundr$ ye>s be=e ! bir? ( ,*ri/1 gives a simil> acc\nt ( a race he calls ,gtuli4 ,x is possible t man1 9 ^! extreme cases1 :]e !re is v little to unle>n1 might soon] be reg5]at$1 elevat$ to civilization1 physical & m5tal p[]1 ?an 9 o!r cases :]e !re may be f> m pro( ( m5tal capacity1 b :]e ! wor/ ( intellectual & physical habits h /a9$ s\l & body )1 p]haps1 a m indelible degradation4 ,x w\ld be a curi\s exp]im5t1 & add mu* to our k ( ! races ( man1 to asc]ta9 h[ _m g5]ations1 "u ! mo/ fav\rable treatm5t1 x w\ld require to produce an equal to ,moses1 or a ,david1 a ,newton1 or ! le>n$ ,dr4 ,wayl& himself1 7if su* be possible17 f ^! specim5s ( man pres5t$ be=e u6 ,& we n[ inquire1 :at c\rse ( treatm5t w y propose1 z ! mo/ practical1 to elevate su* a race to civilization8 ,x appe>s to u ,god has decid$ t slav]y is ! mo/ effectual4 8,!re=e my p are gone into captivity1 because !y h no k40 ,isa4 v4 #ac4 8,& !y =sook ! ,"l1 & s]v$ ,baal & ,a%t]o?4 ,& ! ang] ( ! ,"l 0 hot aga9/ ,israel1 & he deliv]$ !m into ! h&s ( ! spoil]s t spoil$ !m1 & he sold !m into ! h&s ( _! enemies r\nd ab\t40 ,judg4 ii4 #ac1 #ad4 ,see also1 iii4 #f-h4 8,if 8 *ildr5 =sake my law & walk n 9 my judgm5ts3 if !y break my /atutes1 & keep n my comm&m5ts3 !n w ,i visit _! transgressions ) ! rod & _! iniquity ) /ripes40 ,ps4 lxxxviii4 #cj-cb4 8,he t tr\ble? 8 own h\se %all inh]it ! w9d3 & ! fool %all be ! s]vant 7 eb$1 slave7 to ! wise ( he>t40 ,prov4 ii4 #bi4 8,& h] daught]s %all g into captivity4 ,?us w ,i execute judgm5ts 9 ,egypt3 & !y %all "k t ,i am ! ,"l40 ,ezek4 xxx4 #ah4 ,see also ! prec$+ "p ( ! *apt]4 ,x is highly probable t among savage tribes1 puni%m5t & ! infliction ( pa9 are (t5 appli$ ) no high] view ?an to torture ! object ( displeasure4 ,b to u x seems rem>kably un=tunate1 9 a /ud5t ( moral & civil jurisprud5ce1 to sugge/ t legal puni%m5t1 among civiliz$ m51 is ev] aw>d$ or ord]$ ) any su* feel+4 ,if our education has giv5 u a correct view ( ! subject1 ! man :o inflicts pa9 ev5 on ! brute1 solely on ! acc\nt ( su* a feel+1 in/antly1 s f> z x is kn[n1 s9ks to ! grade ( a savage2 & mu* m explicitly :5 ! object ( rev5ge is 8 fell[ man4 ,on ! contr>y1 :5 8! (f5d]0 has giv5 unque/ionable evid5ce ( a depravity too deeply seat$ = any hope ( reg5]ation1 & ! law ord]s 8 dea?1 x selects t mode ( execution :i* inflicts ! lea/ suff]+1 & :i* %all h also ! greate/ probable influ5ce to det] o!rs :o may be d[nw>d b\nd 9 ! road ( moral det]ioration4 ,!re nev] has be5 a code ( laws among civiliz$ nations1 :]e ! object ( puni%m5t 0 to inflict pa9 on ! implicat$2 only s f> z 0 ?\ght necess>y to influ5ce a *ange ( action = ! bett]4 ,! object ( puni%m5t inv>iably has be5 ! improvem5t ( society4 ,if ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,wayl& _h be5 tea*+ legislation to savages1 or1 p]haps1 _! imm$iate desc5dants1 8 rem>ks1 to :i* we allude1 might h be5 9 place4 ,b may we inquire to :at cause are we indebt$ = !m8 ,p]mit u to inquire ( ! ,doctor1 :]e n[ are to be f\nd ! 8sy/ems ( crim9al jurisprud5ce0 to :i* he alludes8 ,does he imag9e t su* sy/em has "s lik5ess to ! gov]nm5t ( ! civiliz$ man ov] 8 slave8 ,or1 9 _! gov]nm5t1 does he propose to aboli% corporeal puni%m5t1 because he may ?9k t w de/roy ! in/itution itself8 ,= 8a s]vant 7 ab$1 a slave7 ?\gh he und]/&1 he w n answ]40 ,prov4 xxix4 #ai4 ,we _c pass ov] ! p>agraph we h quot$1 )\t express+ ! mo/ bitt] regret to le>n f ,dr4 ,wayl&'s own words1 t he recognises ! fact1 )\t giv+ x reproval1 t 8we0 puni% 8brutes0 ) no o!r view ?an to inflict pa94 ,to u1 su* an idea is mo/ repugnant & awful6 ,& we hope--we pray ,him :o alone ha? p[] to drag up f ! deep d>kness ( degradation1 t ! m9ds ( su* m5 may be plac$ "u ! controll+ influ5ce ( a rule t w compel to a high] s5se ( :at is prop]1 & to a m cle> p]ception ( :at is tru?6 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,iii4 ,! le>n$ ,doctor says3 ,p4 #di4 8,by consci5ce1 or moral s5se1 is meant t faculty by :i* we disc]n ! moral quality ( actions1 & by :i* we are capable ( c]ta9 affections 9 respect to ?is quality4 8,by faculty is meant any p>ticul> "p ( our con/itution1 by :i* we become affect$ by ! v>i\s qualities & relations ( be+s ar\nd u80 99 99 99 8,n[1 t we d actually obs]ve a moral quality 9 ! actions ( m51 mu/1 ,i ?9k1 be admitt$4 ,e human be+ is consci\s1 t1 f *ildhood1 he has obs]v$ x40 99 99 99 99 99 ,p4 #ej4 8,! "q w\ld !n seem r$uc$ to ?is3 ,d we p]ceive ?is quality ( actions by a s+le faculty1 or by a comb9ation ( faculties8 ,i ?9k x mu/ be evid5t f :at has be5 already /at$1 t ?is is1 9 its nature1 simple & ultimate1 & di/9ct f e o!r notion4 8,n[1 if ?is be ! case1 x seems self-evid5t t we mu/ h a di/9ct & sep>ate faculty1 to make u acqua9t$ ) ! exi/5ce ( ?is di/9ct & sep>ate quality40 ,& = pro(1 he adds3 8,?is is ! case 9 respect to all o!r di/9ct qualities3 x is1 surely1 reasonable to suppose1 t x w\ld be ! case 9 ?is40 ,:at6 h we a di/9ct faculty by :i* we det]m9e "o ?+ to be r$1 & ano!r di/9ct faculty by :i* we discov] a ?+ to be black2 ano!r di/9ct faculty by :i* we judge a ?+ to be a cube1 & ano!r di/9ct faculty by :i* we det]m9e x to be a triangle8 ,h we "o di/9ct faculty by :i* we f9d a melon1 & ano!r by :i* we f9d a g\rd8 ,:at6 "o di/9ct faculty by :i* we det]m9e a pr(essor ( moral philosophy to be a correct tea*]1 & ano!r by :i* we discov] him to be a vision>y8 ,?is faculty ( moral s5se puts u 9 m9d ( ,dr4 ,te/y's description ( ! peculi> & di/9ct p>ticles ^u ! tongue1 :i* r5d] a man a li>1 a lunatic1 or a l+ui/2 a trea*]1 a tattl]1 or a tea*]1 & s on4 ,8 !ory is t e m5tal & moral quality ( a man has its di/9ct p>ticle1 or little pimple1 ^u ! tongue1 :]eby ! quality is develop$2 or1 by ! aid ( :i* ! man is enabl$ to make ! quality manife/4 ,long practice 9 exam9+ ! tongues ( sick p enabl$ him1 he says1 to make ! discov]y4 ,we %\ld l to "k :at acum9at$ elevation ( ! cuticle ( ! tongue repres5t$ 8consci5ce or moral s5se10 z a sep>ate & di/9ct faculty6 ,:y does he n at once borr[ support f ! extravagancies ( phr5ology1 & ass]t1 accord+ to ! notions ( its tea*]s1 t1 s9ce ! bra9 is divid$ into di/9ct organs = ! ex]cise ( ea* di/9ct faculty1 !re=e !re mu/ be a di/9ct faculty = ! conception ( ea* idea8 ,!re is surely an evid5t relation betwe5 ?is !ory ( ! au?or & ! doctr9es ( ,gall2 nor w ! _w fail to associate x ) ! phantasies ( ,mesm]4 ,b we ask ! au?or & 8 pupils to apply to ?is !ory ! truism ( ,pr(essor ,dodd3 8,x is1 at all times1 a suffici5t refutation ( :at purports to be a /atem5t ( facts1 to %[ t ! only k9d ( evid5ce by :i* ! facts c\ld possibly be su/a9$1 does n exi/40 ,! !ory by :i* ! ,doctor arrives at ! conclusion t we possess a sep>ate & di/9ct faculty = ! p]ception ( ea* sep>ate & di/9ct quality1 assimilates to t ( a c]ta9 quack1 :o ass]t$ t ! human /oma* 0 mapp$ (f1 l ,gall's cranium1 into di/9ct organs ( dige/ion2 "o solely = beef-/eak1 "o = mutton-*ops1 & ano!r = plum-pudd+6 ,x is a great po9t ) c]ta9 ( ! high] class ( abolition writ]s to e/abli% ! doctr9e t man possesses a di/9ct m5tal p[]1 :i* !y call consci5ce1 or moral s5se1 by :i* he is enabl$ to discov]1 ( himself1 & )\t ! aid ( /udy1 tea*+1 or ev5 inspiration1 :at is "r & :at is wrong4 ,! practice is1 ! *ild is taught by !m t slav]y is v wick$2 t no slavehold] c be a good man2 & mu* ( su* matt]4 ,books are put into ! h&s ( ! s*oolboy & ! y\?1 inculcat+ simil> lessons1 fraught ) lam5tation & sympa?y = ! imag9>y woes ( ! slave1 & hatr$ & disgu/ t[>ds ! ma/]2 & :5 matur] ye>s are 81 he is ask$ if he does n feel t slav]y is v wick$2 & ! pr(essors ( moral philosophy !n in=m him t he feels s because he possesses 8a di/9ct m5tal faculty0--di/9ct f ! judgm5t--:i* tea*es ^? :o cultivate x1 infallibly1 all t is "r & wrong2 t ?is consci5ce1 or moral s5se1 is m to be reli$ on ?an ! ,bible--?an ! anci5t inspirations ( ,god6 ,h5ce1 ,*ann+ says3 8,t same inw>d pr9ciple1 :i* tea*es a man :at he is b\nd to d to o!rs1 tea*es equally1 & at ! same in/ant1 :at o!rs are b\nd to d to him40 99 99 99 8,8 consci5ce1 9 reveal+ ! moral law1 does n reveal a law = himself only1 b speaks z a univ]sal legislator40 99 99 99 8,!re is no deep] pr9ciple 9 human nature ?an ! consci\sness ( "r40 ,vol4 ii4 p4 #cc4 ,& ,b>nes1 on ,slav]y1 says3 ,p4 #cha4 8,if ! ,bible c\ld be %[n to def5d & c\nt5ance slav]y z a good in/itution1 x w\ld make ?\s&s ( infidels2 = !re are multitudes ( m9ds t w see m cle>ly t slav]y is aga9/ all ! laws :i* ,god has writt5 on ! human s\l1 ?an !y w\ld see1 t a book1 sanction+ su* a sy/em1 _h evid5ce ( ,div9e orig940 ,& ?is same au?or makes ,dr4 ,wayl& say3 ,p4 #caj4 8,well may we ask1 9 ! words ( ,dr4 ,wayl&1 7pp4 #hc1 #hd17 :e!r !re 0 ev] su* a moral sup]/ructure rais$ on su* a f\ndation8 ,! doctr9e ( purgatory f a v]se ( ,maccabees2 ! doctr9e ( papacy f ! say+ ( ,*ri/ to ,pet]2 ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,inquisition f ! obligation to ext5d ! k ( religi\s tru?1 all seem no?+ to x4 ,if ! religion ( ,*ri/ all[s su* a lic5se f su* precepts z ^!1 ! ,new ,te/am5t w\ld be ! greate/ curse t ev] 0 inflict$ on our race40 ,?is book1 z quot$ by ,b>nes1 we h n se54 ,su* is ! doctr9e ( ^! !ologians1 gr[+ out ( ! possession1 z !y imag9e1 ( ?is di/9ct moral faculty1 infallibly tea*+ !m ! tru? t\*+ ! moral quality ( ! actions ( m54 ,& :at is its effect ^u _! sc>cely m wick$ pupils8 ,"o ( !m1 9 a late spee* 9 ,congress1 says3 8,sir1 ,i mu/ express ! mo/ en]getic diss5t f ^? :o w\ld ju/ify mod]n slav]y f ! ,levitical law4 ,my reason & consci5ce revolt f ^? int]pretations :i* ,torture ! hall[$ pages ( ! ,bible1 ,to sanction crime1 & robb]y1 & blood1 ,&1 9 oppression's hateful s]vice1 libel #8,bo? man & ,god6'0 ,! ignorant fanaticism1 s pr\dly buoyant ev5 9 repose ^u its ill-dige/$ reason1--"h s flippantly utt]$1--to u bespeaks a dang]\s man1 7z f> z he may h capacity17 9 :atev] /ation he may be f\nd4 ,! mo/ hateful idolatry has nev] pres5t$ to ! _w a /rong] pro( ( a di/ort$ imag9ation giv+ v5t to ! ranke/ falsehood4 ,x is to be deeply regrett$ t su* intellects are ev] p]mitt$ to h any influ5ce ^u ! m9ds ( ! "y4 ,we deem x w\ld be a fe>ful inquiry1 to exam9e h[ f> ! /range assass9ations1 lately s common at ! ,nor?1 h be5 ! direct result ( t m5tal tra9+ ( :i* we "h see an example4 ,we fe> too little is ?\ght ( ! quick transition f ?is errone\s !ology to ! d>k5$ pa?s ( man :5 enlight5$ alone by 8 own deprav$ he>t4 ,! say+ is true1 h[ev] awful3 ,he :o rejects or dispels ! pla9 mean+ ( ! ,bible1 rejects our ,god1 & is an idolat]2 & ,god alone c give b\nd to 8 wick$ conceptions4 ,! =ego+ extracts %[ u a specim5 ( ! argum5ts & conclusions emanat+ f ! doctr9e t ! consci5ce is a di/9ct m5tal p[]1 & t x infallibly tea*es :at is "r be=e ,god4 ,we deem x q objectionable--q errone\s6 ,we pres5t ! proposition3 ,! judgm5t is z s+ly employ$ 9 ! decision ( :at is "r & wrong1 z x is 9 ! conclusion t all ! p>ts ( a ?+ con/itute ! :ole ( x4 ,true1 ! judgm5t1 :5 9 ! ex]cise ( det]m9+ :at is "r & wrong 9 reg>d to our own acts1 has be5 nam$ consci5ce4 ,b x rema9s = t class ( philosoph]s1 :o argue t man possesses a faculty ( clairvoyance1 to e/abli% t man has also a si/] faculty1 :i* !y call consci5ce1 or moral s5se2 & t x exi/s z an indep5d5t m5tal p[]1 di/9ct f judgm5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mo/ m5 live )\t reflection4 ,!y ?9k ( no?+ b ! objects ( s5se1 ( press+ want1 & ! means ( relief4 ,! wond]ful works ( nature create no wond]4 ,a m9e ( sea-%ells on ! ,&es excites no surprise4 ,( ! analogies or dissimil>ities betwe5 ?+s1 or _! ess5tial relations1 ! m9d takes no notice4 ,ev5 _! intellectual p[]s exi/ almo/ )\t _! cognisance4 ,_! m5tal faculties are little improv$ or cultivat$2 &1 z !y are =c$ to ! ,gazette] = ! description ( "s di/ant locality1 s !y w\ld be to _! logic1 be=e !y c\ld speak ( _! own m5tal functions4 ,! tea*+ ( ?is doctr9e1 untrue z x is1 may1 !re=e1 be v h>mful2 z ill-in=m$ individuals (t5 =m a v errone\s judgm5t ab\t "r & wrong1 &1 "u ! influ5ce ( its tea*+s1 may come to ?9k & believe t _! conclusion conc]n+ "r & wrong is ! product ( _! infallible guide1 ! consci5ce1 or moral s5se1 & !re=e pa/ all d\bt & beyond "q2 t _! m9ds are "u ! influ5ce & control ( a new & spiritually high] law ?an ! law ( ! l&1 or ev5 ! moral law z laid d[n 9 ! ,bible1 :5 n 9 unison ) _! feel+s4 ,& we v5ture to prophesy1 9 case ?is doctr9e %all ga9 g5]al cr$5ce1 t su* w be ! rocks on :i* multitudes w f\nd]2 = simple & ill-in=m$ p may ?us be l$1 & d\btless are1 to d v wick$ & mis*iev\s acts1 "u ! influ5ce ( ?is belief--a belief ( _! possess+ ?is p[]1 :i* no "o ev] did possess1 unless inspir$4 8,!re is a way t seeme? "r unto a man1 b ! end !re( are ! ways ( dea?40 ,prov4 xvi4 #be4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?us we see !re is a class ( !ologians1 :o1 9 hot pursuit ( abolitionism1 seem ready to sacrifice _! ,bible & its religion to ! e/abli%m5t ( su* pr9ciples z !y deem :olly contradictory to1 & incompatible )1 ! exi/5ce ( slav]y2 & x is h5ce t !y attempt to tea* t man possesses an intuitive s5se ( its wrong4 ,b %all we n be =c$1 ) regret1 to ackn[l$ge1 t !re are quacks 9 div9ity z well z 9 physic8 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,iv4 ,we d n *>ge ,dr4 ,wayl& ) be+ ! au?or ( ?is new doctr9e t man possesses an indep5d5t & di/9ct p[]1 faculty1 or s5se1 by ! ex]cise ( :i* he p]ceives "r & wrong1 or1 9 o!r words1 ! moral quality ( ! actions ( m51 & ^u :i* p]ception he may re/ ) safety1 z to its accuracy & tru?fulness2 = ! same doctr9e has be5 sugge/$ by great] m5 ?an ,dr4 ,wayl&1 long ago4 ,"l ,%aftesbury1 ,dr4 ,hut*9son1 & ,dr4 ,reid h laid ! f\ndation2 ! latt] ( :om says1 7p4 #bdb17 8,! te/imony ( our moral faculty1 l t ( ! ext]nal s5ses1 is ! te/imony ( nature1 & we h ! same reason to rely ^u x48 ,aga93 8,z we rely ^u ! cle> & di/9ct te/imony ( our eyes1 conc]n+ ! figures & col\rs ( bodies ab\t u1 we h ! same reason1 ) security1 to rely ^u ! cle> & unbiass$ te/imony ( our consci5ce ) reg>d to :at we ought or ought n to d40 99 99 99 99 99 ,su* s5tim5ts may seem to "s to be d$ucible f an indi/9ct & indef9ite ref]5ce to our judgm5t aft] ! und]/&+ has be5 improv$ by moral culture1 :5 su* judgm5t1 by a m]e loos5ess ( language1 is sometimes describ$ z if ! writ]s conf\nd$ x ) ! /ate ( m9d & moral p]fectibility produc$ by ! reception ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,?us1 ,ar*bi%op ,seck]1 9 8 ,f\r? ,lecture on ! ,cate*ism1 says3 8,h[ %all all p]sons "k :at !y are taught to believe is really true8 8,answ]4 ,! great] "p ( x1 :5 x is once duly propos$ to !m1 !y may p]ceive to be s by ! light ( _! own reason & consci5ce40 ,n[ x is evid5t t ! bi%op's answ] is pr$icat$ ^u ! supposition t ! und]/&+ has be5 cultivat$ 9 con=mity to ! pr9ciples ( moral tru?4 ,b1 f su* ha/y1 p]haps ?\ghtless1 snat*es ( speculation1 occasionally f\nd 9 "s few ( ! old] metaphysical writ]s1 our au?or & 8 co-associates 9 ?is belief h drawn _! mat]ials1 remodell$ ! p>ts1 & re>$1 ev5 z to heav51 a l(ty /ructure ^u a d\btful1 tott]+ base1 br++ untold social & political evils ^u society1 & spiritual dea?1 9 its fall1 to all :o %elt] "u x4 ,b = ! good ( ! _w1 9 opposition to su* a doctr9e1 tru? has erect$ h] column ( solid masonry1 aga9/ :i* ! fanaticism & sophi/ry ( ^! build]s c only1 l successive drops ( wat]1 c>ry d[n ! walls "s useless portions ( ! cem5t4 ,we repeat1 h[ tott]+ mu/ be ! argum5t f\nd$ ^u analogy :]e !re is no relation6 ,we all agree t ! s5ses make tru?ful repres5tations3 all see1 smell1 & ta/e alike2 v9eg> w be s\r to ! savage1 z well z ! savant4 ,b is _! judgm5t ! same ab\t ! moral qualities ( actions8 ,:at says ?is moral s5se1 ?is consci5ce1 9 ! savage1 :o is taught to /eal f 8 fri5d & torture 8 enemy8 ,does ! rev]5d doctor ?9k 8 moral s5se w dictate ! same conclusion8 ,:at "r has he1 !n1 to say1 x is ! voice ( nature--( ,god8 ,does he fail to p]ceive t ! moral quality ( actions is di/+ui%$ by man 9 con=mity to 8 exp]i5ce1 8 tra9+1 8 education8 ,we see t m5 (t5 diff] ab\t ! moral quality ( an action4 ,x might be t no two m5 w\ld h ! same idea ab\t ! moral quality ( a p>ticul> action4 ,w\ld ! consci5ce1 ?is moral s5se1 or faculty1 9 su* case1 be "r 9 ea* "o8 ,if n1 :o is to det]m9e :i* is "r & :i* is wrong8 ,& fur!r1 ( :at use to man c be ?is di/9ct1 indep5d5t1 & un*angeably tru?ful p[]1 :i*1 nev]!less1 br+s him no c]ta9ty8 ,b has ! m9d ( man ev] f\nd out t ,god has ov]done1 or unnecess>ily done1 any ?+8 ,w ^! !ori/s reflect1 t1 9 case ,god _h se5 fit to be/[ su* a s5se on man1 inspiration w\ld h be5 useless1 & ! ,bible n want$8 ,& ! condition ( man ^u ! e>? w\ld be :olly /ation>y in/ead ( progressive4 ,& p]mit u to inquire1 :e!r ?is notion ( !irs is ! reason :y "s ( ^! !ori/s speak s ra%ly1 we might say blasphem\sly1 ( t sacr$ volume1 ^u ! condition :i* !y dictate8 ,! tru? is1 we h no su* infallible guide4 ,! idea ( "r & wrong1 ei!r !ologically or physically consid]$1 is always fix$ ?r\gh an ex]tion ( ! p[]s ( ! und]/&+4 ,we h no in/9ctive p[] rea*+ ! case4 ,our judgm5t1 our feel+s are (t5 un/able1 irregul>1 & sometimes antagoni/ic4 ,9 ab/ruse cases1 v (t5 we _c ev5 satisfy ourselves :at is "r & w x be said t we d n (t5 fail to see ! object1 design1 & law ( ,god t\*+ a case8 ,on e decision on a "q ( "r or wrong1 a tra9 ( m5tal action is call$ into op]ation1 comp>+ ! ideas already 9 ! m9d ) ! facts ( ! case "u review1 & not+ ! simil>ity ( ^! facts to our idea ( "r1 or :e!r ! facts con=m to our idea ( wrong4 ,?is decision we call judgm5t3 b :5 ! decision rea*es to ! "q ( "r or wrong1 t\*+ our own conduct only1 logicians h agre$ to call x consci5ce2 n a di/9ct action f judgm5t--mu* less a di/9ct faculty2 & by no means c>ry+ ) x m pro( ( accuracy & correctness ?an is our judgm5t ab\t any o!r matt]1 :]e ! ideas & facts are equally manife/ & accurately pres5t$4 ,!re is ano!r consid]ation :i* to u gives pro( t ! consci5ce or moral s5se is n an indep5d5t faculty ( ! m9d1 nor to be reli$ on at all z infallible4 ,_m ( u h notic$ ! *anges t imp]ceptibly come ov] our moral feel+s1 & judgm5t ( "r & wrong1 consci5ce or moral s5se1 ?r\gh ! influ5ces ( association & habit4 ,our afflu5t neighb\r1 :o manife/s to o!rs _m virtues & "s follies1 our m9d1 by association & habit1 reg>ds z a p]fect model ( human greatness & p]fection4 ,?us a corrupt gov]nm5t soon surveys a corrupt p2 & a some:at lic5ti\s1 b tal5t$ & accompli%$ cl]gyman1 soon f9ds 8 he>]s 9 fa%ion4 ,nor is x unfrequ5t1 t :i* %\ld /igmatize a fa!r is beheld ) admiration by ! son4 ,?us weal?1 to mo/1 is desirable1 b its desirability has be5 creat$ by association2 we recollect ! objects x enables u to comm&1 (t5 ! objects ( our pr9cipal pursuit4 ,! quality ! m9d associates ) ^! gratifications1 x ev5tually associates ) t :i* procures !m4 ,?us1 we p]ceive1 ! m9d is able to =m a moral e/imate ^u consid]ations :olly artificial1 :i* c\ld nev] happ5 9 case ! moral s5se 0 indep5d5t1 & a di/9ct faculty tea*+ u infallible tru?4 ,b h[ are we to acc\nt = ! fact t "s ( ! f9e/ intellects1 z well z ! mo/ le>n$ m51 h fall5 into ?is mo/ dang]\s error8 ,x %\ld be a subject ( deep ?\ght6 ,we discov]1 9 "s m5 ( ! highe/ ord] ( intellects1 ! p[] ( arriv+1 z x 7 in/antane\sly1 at a conclusion1 giv+ x ! appe>ance ( be+ intuitive1 r ?an ! result ( :at w\ld be1 :5 analyz$1 a long *a9 ( reason+4 ,?us1 ! in/ant & happy ?\ght (t5 spr++ to ! m9d :5 9 "s sudd5 or un=ese5 difficulty4 ,! nice & in/ant p]ception1 (t5 display$ by m$ical m51 ( ! condition ( ! pati5t1 is an example2 & h5ce ! a/oni%+ accuracy ( judgm5t1 sometimes notic$ 9 ! milit>y comm&]1 f a m]e glance ( ! eye4 ,9 su* cases ! m9d is (t5 n consci\s ( any m5tal action2 & o!rs1 :o obs]ve ^! facts1 are l$1 sometimes1 to conf\nd :at1 9 su* cases1 is a d$uctive judgm5t1 ) intuitiv5ess4 ,! judgm5t1 ?us =m$ )\t any p]ceptible succession ( ?\ght1 is m]ely ! result ( acquirem5t f long exp]i5ce & habits ( active ratioc9ation4 ,"s few in/ances ( ?is unconsci\s & rapid ?\ght h be5 exemplifi$ by ma!maticians1 :5 ! calculator c\ld give no acc\nt h[ he arriv$ at ! conclusion4 ,w any "o claim t !y ab/ract _! answ]s f ! mo/ ab/ruse propositions intuitively1 or by in/9ct1 or by any new & di/9ct faculty ( ! m9d8 ,?is habit ( m9d is z applicable to morals z to any ?+ else4 ,b 9 ma!matics ! data are ev]y:]e ! same2 :]eas 9 morals ! data are z diff]5t among m5 z are _! conditions ( life2 because our ideas ( "r & wrong1 exi/+ 9 ! m9d be=e ! judgm5t is =m$ on ! case to be consid]$1 7 introduc$ by ! aid ( ! s5ses1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( exp]i5ce & education2 & x is1 !re=e1 q obvi\s t ! idea ( "r 9 "o man may be q l ! idea ( wrong 9 ano!r4 ,b x rema9s to %[ ! fallacy ( ! argum5t by :i* ,dr4 ,wayl& arrives at 8 conclusion4 ,let u exam9e ! p>agraph quot$1 & sift f v]biage ! nak$ po9ts ( ! argum5t3 8,we d actually obs]ve a moral quality 9 ! actions ( m540 8,d we p]ceive ?is quality ( actions by a s+le faculty1 or a comb9ation ( faculties8 ,?is notion0 7! p]ception ( ! moral quality ( an action7 8is1 9 its nature1 simple & ultimate1 & di/9ct f e o!r notion40 8,we h a di/9ct faculty to make u acqua9t$ ) ! exi/5ce ( all o!r di/9ct qualities40 8,!re=e1 x is self-evid5t t ?is is a sep>ate & di/9ct faculty40 ,! syllogism is defective because ! idea ( "r or wrong is n simple nor ultimate1 b complex1 & ev] subject to *ange f ! influ5ce ( any new light pres5t$ to ! m9d4 ,nor is x true t we possess a di/9ct faculty to make u acqua9t$ ) ea* di/9ct quality2 =1 if s1 ! m9d w\ld be m]ely a v l>ge bundle ( faculties2 & we %\ld nei!r possess nor /& 9 ne$ ( any reason+ p[]s :atev]1 because ! nak$ tru? ab\t e ?+ w\ld always /& reveal$ be=e u by ^! faculties2 :i*1 we ?9k1 is n ! fact4 ,9 syllogi/ic argum5t1 ! fir/ pr9ciples mu/ be some?+ t _c be o!rwise--unalt]able--an et]nal tru?2 8because ^! qualities _c belong to ! conclusion unless !y belong to ! premises1 :i* are its causes40 ,! syllogism w !n /& ?us3 ,x is n true our notion1 or idea1 ( ! moral quality ( an action 8is simple & ultimate1 & di/9ct f any o!r idea or notion30 ,x is n true t we h a di/9ct faculty to make u acqua9t$ ) ! exi/5ce ( all o!r di/9ct qualities3 ,!re=e1 x is n true1 nor self-evid5t1 t we p]ceive ! moral qualities ( an action1 or t we h ! idea or notion ( x1 by ! aid ( a s+le di/9ct & sep>ate faculty4 ,! 8notion0 advanc$ by ,dr4 ,wayl&1 on ?is subject1 appe>s to u s /range1 t x w\ld be difficult to conceive x to h be5 issu$ or promulgat$ by a s*oolman1 did we n "k h[ (t5 m51 l$ by passion1 "s by prejudice1 argue f false premises to :i* !y take no he$1 or1 f a want ( in=mation1 hone/ly mi/ake = tru?s4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,v4 ,p4 #bjf4 8,x0 7slav]y7 8supposes t ! ,creator int5d$ "o human be+ to gov]n ! physical1 intellectual1 & moral actions ( z _m o!r human be+s z1 by pur*ase1 he c br+ )9 8 physical p[]1 & t "o human be+ may ?us acquire a "r to sacrifice ! happ9ess ( any numb] ( o!r human be+s1 = ! purpose ( promot+ 8 own40 ,?is proposition is almo/ a total error4 ,slav]y supposes ! ,creator int5d$ t ! int]e/ ( ! ma/] 9 ! slave :o1 by becom+ 8 slave1 becomes 8 prop]ty1 %\ld secure to ! slave t protection & gov]nm5t :i* ! slave is too deg5]ate to supply to himself2 & t su* protection & gov]nm5t are necess>y to ! happ9ess & well-be+ ( ! slave1 )\t :i* he ei!r rema9s /ation>y or deg5]ates 9 8 moral1 m5tal1 & physical condition4 ,p4 #bjg4 8,x0 7slav]y7 8r5d]s ! et]nal happ9ess ( ! "o p>ty subs]vi5t to ! temporal happ9ess ( ! o!r40 ,?is is equally untrue4 ,slav]y subjects "o p>ty to ! comm& ( ano!r :o is expect$ to feel x a duty to s 8comm& 8 h\sehold0 t 8!y %all keep ! way ( ! ,"l1 to d ju/ice & judgm5t40 ,?is is ! voice ( ,god on ! subject1 z h]et(ore quot$4 ,! le>n$ ,dr4 ,wayl& is evid5tly :olly unacqua9t$ ) ! _s & int5tion1 &1 we may add1 orig9 ( ! in/itution ( slav]y2 yet he has1 d\btless1 be5 /udy+ "s ( its abuses4 ,b suppose a man to /udy no?+ ( ,*ri/ianity b its abuses1 & f ^! alone und]take to describe :at he conceives to be its results1 its "*1 & suppositions2 he d\btless w\ld make :at ,dr4 ,wayl& w\ld v ju/ly call a di/ort$ repres5tation2 & p]haps1 he might safely use a h>%] phrase4 ,b w\ld su* a repres5tation be productive ( any good 9 ! _w8 ,x might d mu* mis*ief by spread+1 broadca/1 its errors & misrepres5tations2 a mo/ delici\s food = ! morbid appetite ( ! ignorant & fanatic infidel6 ,yes1 infidelity has its fanatics z well z abolitionism6 8,obey !m t h rule ov] y1 & submit y\rselves3 = !y wat* = y\r s\ls z !y t mu/ give acc\nt1 t !y may d x ) joy & n ) grief3 = t is unpr(itable = y40 ,heb4 xiii4 #ag4 99 99 99 99 99 ,p4 #bjg4 8,if argum5t 7 necess>y to %[ t su* a sy/em z ?is mu/ be at v>iance ) ! ord9ance ( ,god1 x might easily be drawn f ! effects :i* x produces1 bo? ^u morals & national weal?40 ,! au?or1 9 ?is in/ance1 z he has 9 _m o!rs1 designs to produce an effect on ! m9d ( 8 read] f :at he does n say1 z well z f :at he does say4 ,we ackn[l$ge ?is mode to be q noncommittal1 :ile1 on ! m9ds ( "s1 x may be v skilfully us$ to produce an impression4 ,b we confess ourselves ignorant ( any logical rule by :i* x is entitl$ to produce any on u4 ,! mode ( spee* us$ is int5d$ to produce ! impression t ! proposition is someway self-evid5t1 & !re=e /&s 9 no ne$ ( pro( or argum5t4 ,b h[ ! proposition1 t slav]y is 8at v>iance ) ! ord9ances ( ,god0 is self-evid5t1 & ne$s no pro( nor argum5t1 we h n ! 8moral s5se0 or 8faculty0 to discov]4 ,b z ,dr4 ,wayl& proposes1 nev]!less1 to prove its tru? by its effects on morals & weal?1 let u li/5 to ! evid5ce4 ,idem4 8,its effects mu/ be disa/r\s ^u ! morals ( bo? p>ties4 ,by pres5t+ objects on :om passion may be satiat$ )\t resi/ance & )\t r$ress1 x t5ds to cultivate 9 ! ma/]1 pride1 ang]1 cruelty1 selfi%ness1 & lic5ti\sness4 ,by accu/om+ ! slave to subject 8 moral pr9ciples to ! w ( ano!r1 x t5ds to aboli% 9 him all moral di/9ctions2 & ?us fo/]s 9 him ly+1 deceit1 hypocrisy1 di%one/y1 & a will+ness to yield himself up to ! appetites ( 8 ma/]40 ,?is is 8 pro( t slav]y is 8at v>iance ) ! ord9ances ( ,god10 z he has drawn x f its effect on morals2--9 :i* we ?9k him s+ul>ly un=tunate4 ,he asks u to receive1 z pro( ( ! tru? ( ! proposition1 a comb9ation ( propositions all requir+ pro( ( _! tru?1 b ( ! tru? ( :i* he (f]s no pro(4 ,?is view ( ! /ate ( ! argum5t1 we imag9e1 w\ld be suffici5t to condemn x 9 all well-s*ool$ m9ds2 b1 nev]!less1 we propose to %[ t :i* he (f]s z pro( is n true2 & ev5 if true1 is no pro( ( ! tru? ( ! proposition he endeav\rs to su/a94 ,9 reg>d to ! ma/]1 ! effect compla9$ ( may or may n exi/1 z may be ! fact :e!r ! ma/] is or is n capable ( adm9i/]+ ! *>ge & gov]nm5t ( slaves wisely = himself & !m4 ,b ^! abuses1 :5 f\nd to exi/1 are no pro( ( ! moral impropriety ( ! in/itution2 =1 if s1 ! abuses ( a ?+ are pro( t ! ?+ itself is evil4 ,!re are _m abuses ( gov]nm5t3 is gov]nm5t1 !re=e1 at v>iance ) ! ord9ances ( ,god8 ,! same ( matrimony2 & is x1 !re=e1 to be set aside8 ,"s m5 make an abusive use ( _! education1 &1 9 consequ5ce1 w\ld h be5 m valuable memb]s ( society 9 a /ate ( comp>ative ignorance3 are our univ]sities1 !re=e1 to be aboli%$8 ,money has be5 said to be 8! root ( all evil20 x1 to "s ext5t1 is ! repres5tative ( weal? & p[]2 ! possession ( ei!r ( :i* may1 9 "s individuals1 sometimes app>5tly enable ! possessor 8to cultivate pride1 ang]1 cruelty1 selfi%ness1 & lic5ti\sness40 ,! same may be said ( p[] ( any k9d4 ,b has n ,dr4 ,wayl& le>n$ t !re are cases :]e ! effect w\ld be & is entirely ! rev]se8--:]e p[]1 weal?1 or ev5 ! possession ( slaves1 produces 9 ! possessor a great] degree ( humility1 placidity or mildness1 sympa?y or *>ity = o!rs1 & ord]ly conduct 9 himself8 ,does ! rev]5d moral philosoph] make s l[ an e/imate ( ! value ( civilization--( ! influ5ce ( ,*ri/ianity--z n to admit ! capability ( enjoy+ a bless+ )\t abus+ x8 ,if ,dr4 ,wayl&'s argum5t be f\nd$ on tru?1 x w be easy to %[ t any sy/em ( ?+s mu/ be at v>iance ) ! ord9ances ( ,god :i* p]mit ! possession ( ei!r p[] or weal?3 consequ5tly1 9 su* case1 we mu/ & %\ld all g back to ! savage /ate4 ,we ask ?is le>n$ /&>d au?or to read ! hi/ory ( ,abraham & ,isaac1 & in=m u :e!r slav]y produc$ ! effect on !m :i* he supposes to be an entailm5t ( ! in/itution2 = ! effect mu/ be prov$ to be an un*angeable1 a univ]sal & unavoidable consequ5ce1 be=e x c receive ! "* ( evid5ce 9 ! case to :i* he applies x4 ,b ,dr4 ,wayl& ?9ks t slav]y 8t5ds to aboli% all moral di/9ctions 9 ! slave0--8fo/]s 9 him ly+1 deceit1 hypocrisy1 di%one/y1 & a will+ness to yield himself up to m9i/] to ! appetites ( 8 ma/]20 &1 !re=e1 8is at v>iance ) ! ord9ances ( ,god40 ,if ! doctor _h se5 ! native ,african & slave 9 ! wild1 frantic joy ( 8 savage wor%ip1 t5d]$ to 8 *ief idol-god1 ! imbodim5t ( concupisc5ce2 if he _h se5 all ! p[] ( ! ,*ri/ian ma/] c5t]$ to effect ! eradication ( ?is hea!n belief1 & ! habits x eng5d]$2 _h he witness$ ! anxiety ( ! ma/] = ! sub/itution ( ! precepts ( ,*ri/ianity2 if he _h se5 ! untir+ ef=ts ( ! ma/]s1 sometimes = sev]al g5]ations1 be=e ?is great object c\ld be accompli%$1 & ! absolute necessity ( its accompli%m5t be=e ! lab\r ( ! slave c\ld ord9>ily become to him an article ( full & desirable pr(it1--he w\ld probably nev] h writt5 ! p>agraph we h quot$6 ,b s9ce1 9 ! hone/1 we may p]haps say ! amiable1 simplicity ( 8 m9d1 he has compos$ ?is lesson = 8 pupil1 :i*1 l ! e>ly dew 9 imp]ceptible %[]s on ! t5d] blade1 becomes ! daily nutrim5t ( 8 juv5ile m9d & ! habitual alim5t ( its maturity1 we deem x necess>y to make "o fur!r brief rem>k 9 pro( ( its entire inadequacy to ! task assign$ x 9 8 argum5t1 z a p>ticul> & special1 & ( its total untru?fulness z a g5]al & compreh5sive1 maxim 9 morals4 ,our exp]i5ce is1 t ! crimes "h nam$1 :5 detect$ 9 ! slave1 are puni%$1 &1 if necess>y1 ) sev]ity1 if = no o!r reason1 because !y r5d] ! slave less valuable to 8 ma/]4 ,! ma/] wi%es to f9d 9 8 slave "o on :om he c rely ) c]ta9ty2 9 :om !re is no dissonance ( int]e/ f 8 own1 & ^: hone/y & ob$i5ce are pa/ d\bt4 ,! qualities :i* are ! exact opposite ( ! crimes imput$ are1 !re=e1 s$ul\sly cultivat$ 9 ! slave1--& truly1 v (t51 ) small success4 ,b we are surpris$ at ! doctr9e :i* proclaims a sy/em ( gov]nm5t t ev] puni%es & looks ) displeasure on 8ly+1 deceit1 hypocrisy1 & di%one/y10 to be ! v ?+ to fo/] & n\ri% ^? vices6 ,:5 su* is prov$ to be ! fact1 we %all reg>d x z a new discov]y 9 morals4 ,z to ! la/ clause ( :at he has adduc$ z pro( ( 8 proposition1 we say t any "o :o is 9 ! employ1 or ev5 ! company1 ( ano!r1 ei!r z a fri5d1 wife1 *ild1 or hirel+1 z well z slave1 may manife/ a gr[+ will+ness to m9i/] to ! appetites ( su* p]son2 & su* incl9ation1 or will+ness1 w op]ate to ! b5efit or injury ( ^? s influ5c$1 9 proportion z su* appetite is good or bad1 or t5ds to good or evil3 b ?is influ5ce1 :e!r t5d+ to b5efit or injury1 is n an exclusive incid5t ( slav]y1 &1 !re=e1 _c ) any propriety1 be quot$ ei!r = or aga9/ x3 =1 ev]y:]e1 8evil communications corrupt good mann]s40 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,vi4 ,dr4 ,wayl& in=ms u t slav]y is at v>iance ) ! ord9ances ( ,god1 because x dim9i%es ! am\nt ( national weal?4 ,if ! dim9i%+ ( national weal? be pro( ( ! v>iance f ! ord9ances ( ,god1 !n x w foll[ t :atev] w increase su* weal? mu/ be 9 con=mity to su* ord9ances1--a position :i* we ?9k no "o w attempt to ma9ta94 ,b let u notice ! evid5ce he adduces to prove t slav]y dim9i%es national weal?4 ,8 fir/ pro( is1 t slav]y does n 8impose on all ! necessity ( lab\r20 b t x 8re/ricts ! numb] ( lab\r]s--t is1 ( produc]s--by r5d]+ lab\r disgraceful40 ,n[ ?is is surely a proposition :i* requires to be prov$ itself be=e x c be receiv$ z a pro( ( an antec$5t proposition2 & ,presid5t ,wayl& seems to h p]ceiv$ t1 "u ! g5]al t]m1 8lab\r]s10 x w\ld be incapable ( pro(2 &1 !re=e1 he in=ms u t by lab\r]s he means produc]s4 ,! logicians w agree t !re is a disjo9t$ness 9 ?is proposition 7v common 9 ?is au?or7 to :i* exception might be tak52 b we suppose ,dr4 ,wayl& means t slav]y decreases ! numb] ( ^? ^: lab\r is employ$ 9 ! production ( ! articles or products ( agriculture2 = we d n presume he means t ! lab\rs ( ! law1 physic1 div9ity1 ! me*anic arts1 comm]ce1 politics or w>1 are r5d]$ disgraceful by slav]y1 b agriculture alone2 & t1 !re=e1 x is at v>iance ) ! ord9ances ( ,god1 because x ?us dim9i%es ! am\nt ( national weal?4 ,if ?is is n 8 mean+1 we confess ourselves unable to f9d any mean+ 9 x4 ,we "k ( no sur] me?od to te/ its tru? or falsehood ?an = ! ,slave ,/ates to comp>e _! numb] ( agricultural produc]s ) ^? ( ! ,free ,/ates1 hav+ relation to ! entire population4 ,! result w be f\nd :olly adv]se to ! rev]5d morali/'s position4 ,9 fact1 s great is ! disproportion betwe5 ! numb]s ( agricultural lab\r]s 9 ! ,slave ,/ates1 comp>$ to ^? 9 ! ,free1 t ! articles ( _! produce (t5 fall d[n to prices ru9\s to ! agriculturi/1 :i* v seldom1 or nev]1 happ5s 9 ! ,free ,/ates4 ,let ,dr4 ,wayl& /udy ! /ati/ics t\*+ ?is po9t1 & he w f9d himself 9 error4 ,b ! proposition ( ,presid5t ,wayl& includes ?is m9or proposition3 ,t ! increase ( agricultural products1 to ! greate/ possible ext5t1 increases national weal?4 ,we are v f> f discov]+ ! tru? ( ?is2 because ! increase ( a production1 beyond utility & dem&1 c add no?+ to ! value ( ! production1 s9ce value dep5ds ^u utility & dem&4 ,if ?is position be true1 :i* we ?9k v few at ?is day w dispute1 x is q obvi\s t ,presid5t ,wayl&1 & ev5 ,adam ,smi?1 7f :om we suppose ! =m] has receiv$ ?is notion17 are q mi/ak5 :5 !y pr$icate ! am\nt ( lab\r to be ! sole measure1 or1 9 fact1 ! am\nt ( weal?2 s9ce t position mu/ r5d] ! am\nt ( lab\r & ! am\nt ( weal? t]ms ( conv]tible significance1 :i*1 9 fact1 is seldom ! case4 ,su*1 !n1 be+ ! /ate ( ! argum5t1 ,dr4 ,wayl&'s proposition is1 9 effect3 ,t ! production ( ! articles ( agriculture1 to an ext5t beyond any dem& or value1 is 9 con=mity to ! ord9ances ( ,god2 &1 !re=e1 _! production1 to any less ext5t1 is at v>iance ) ^? ord9ances1 because ! fir/ increases & ! latt] decreases national weal?4 ,we %all leave ^! contradictions = ! consid]ation ( ! pr(essor ( moral philosophy & 8 pupils4 ,! second witness ,dr4 ,wayl& introduces to prove ! tru? ( 8 proposition1 t slav]y less5s ! am\nt ( national weal?1 is t slav]y takes f ! lab\r] ! natural /imulus to lab\r1--! desire ( individual b5efit1--& sub/itutes ! fe> ( puni%m5t3 ,& = ! ?ird & la/1 t slav]y removes f bo? p>ties ! disposition & motive to frugality2 by :i* means national weal? is dim9i%$4 ,if national weal? be ! desid]atum1 9 ord] n to be at v>iance ) ! ord9ances ( ,god1 x matt]s n :e!r ! contributors to x did s contribute ?r\gh ! selfi% view ( p]sonal aggr&izem5t & a desire ( elevation above _! fell[s1 or :e!r !y did s to relieve !mselves f "s /igma or p]sonal infliction t a refusal might be expect$ to fa/5 ^u !m4 ,! motive 9 bo? cases is ! same--a desire to b5efit !mselves4 ,?us ,dr4 ,wayl&1 !re=e1 makes a di/9ction :]e1 9 reality1 !re is no diff]5ce4 ,b aga91 if ! am\nt ( lab\r be ! crit]ion ( ! am\nt ( national weal?1 z he seems to suppose1 x c make no diff]5ce1 9 a national po9t ( view1 :e!r ,a & ,b squ&] ! result ( _! lab\rs into ! possession ( ,c & ,d1 or reta9 x !mselves because ! *ange ( possession 9 no way de/roys ! ?+ possess$4 ,x might be ga!r$1 f ?is "p ( ,dr4 ,wayl&'s argum5t1 t ! greate/ mis]s w\ld be ! mo/ effici5t build]s ( national weal?1 &1 !re=e1 mo/ 9 accordance ) ! ord9ances ( ,god4 ,we are some:at at loss to p]ceive ! precise idea ! au?or affixes to ! t]m 8national weal?40 ,:e!r ?is be 8 or our fault1 we leave = o!rs to decide4 ,has x ev] occurr$ to ! rev]5d au?or to e/imate ! weal? ( a nation by ! moral1 physical1 & individual welf>e ( ! population8 ,b we _c attempt1 or und]take1 to expose1 nor expla91 all ! false reason+1 di/ort$ views1 & prejudic$ conclusions f\nd heap$ up1 9 het]og5e\s confusion1 by ! abolition writ]s4 ,! dissection ( m5tal putridity is z unwelcome a task z t ( ! animal c>cass 9 a /ate ( decomposition4 ,if we ca/ our eyes ov] ! surface ( human life1 we notice t weal? & p[] usually travel h& 9 h& b t weal? is di/ribut$ unequally1 v>i$ f ! l(ty possessions ( royal p[] d[n to ! mo/ scanty pittance ( pov]ty & want2--yet leav+ a va/ majority 9 possession ( no?+ save life1 & _! "r to ! use ( ! elem5ts ( nature4 ,x is ) ^! l[] classes we h ! mo/ to d4 ,! wants ( ^!1 mo/ g5]ally1 are physical3 inde$1 we sometimes f9d !m only on a level ) ! brute4 ,?us1 ! ,african m\nta9e] is prone & cont5t to fe$ on ! decay+ rema9s ( :at he may f9d1 & w&]s1 l ! hy5a1 ^u ! trail ( :at he hopes to f9d 8 prey2 :ile ! savage isl&]s ( ! di/ant seas are satisfi$ ) :at ! ocean heaves on %ore4 ,we notice t ^! wants are increas$ by climate2 h5ce1 ! native ( ! extreme nor?1 cont5t ) 8 flit* ( blubb]1 yet robs ! be> ( 8 hide = a blanket4 ,^! wants we also f9d enl>g$ by ! lea/ contact ) civilization4 ,h5ce we see ! ,african1 on ! we/]n coa/ ( 8 cont95t1 g>ni%$ out ) ! gewgaws ( ,europe1 & ! ,indian ( our own clime ) ! tr9kets ( trade4 ,& ?us we may notice t1 z civilization & capital increase 9 any c\ntry1 new objects ( desire1 new individual wants increase 9 proportion4 ,h5ce1 ! f>m-h\se n[ exhibits its c>pet1 :]eas ,que5 ,elizabe? 0 cont5t ) /raw6 ,all ^! wants require "s action1 on ! "p ( ^? :o desire _! gratification1 to cont9ue _! supply1 or x mu/ cease2 because1 z a g5]al rule1 ! product ( individual lab\r mu/ b\nd ! supply ( individual wants1 9 all cases :]e ! individual possesses no capital :i* yields an additional rev5ue4 ,b a l>ge portion ( ^? 9 savage life produce no?+2 s1 also1 a portion f civiliz$ society seem ev] dispos$ to break ?r\gh ! rules ( civilization1 to retrograde z to morals1 & subsi/ by trick or "s di%one/y4 ,!y produce no?+1 & are1 !re=e1 a total drawback on ! welf>e ( o!rs4 ,we f9d1 also1 ano!r portion1 ! product ( ^: lab\r is inadequate to ! supply ( _! individual wants1 & :o are )\t capital to supply ! defici5cy4 ,su* mu/ die1 or resort to *>ity2 or retrograde1 & live by _! wits4 ,good m51 9 all ages1 h /riv5 to obviate ^! evils4 ,! ,levitical law did s by p]mitt+ ! un=tunate man to sell himself1 z a slave1 = six ye>s1 or = life1 z he might *oose1 "u ! /ate ( ! case2 or1 9 case he did n s *oose to sell himself1 b became indebt$ beyond 8 means1 ! law =c$ 8 sale1 & also t ( 8 :ole family4 ,al?\gh1 to "s1 ?is law may look h>%1 yet its _s1 int5tion1 & effect 7 9 fav\r ( ! g5]al good1 ( morals1 & ( life4 ,yet x 0 slav]y2 & we take lib]ty "h to say1 al?\gh "s may n be prep>$ to receive x1 t su* ev] 01 is n[1 & ev] w be ! _s1 int5tion1 & effect ( slav]y1 :5 n disfigur$ by its abuse4 ,we h 9 va9 look$ ?r\gh ^! 8,elem5ts0 = "s proposal ( ! au?or to meet su* cases z ^? ( savages1 & ( ^? deg5]at+ & det]iorat+ poor1 9 all c\ntries1 kn[n to be s f ! fact t !y ev] /rive to live by _! wits4 ,& "h we may rem>k t x is evid5t ! sy/em ( alms-giv+ mu/ t]m9ate :5 ! capitali/s %all f9d ! am\nt ( alms beyond _! surplus rev5ue2 & no "o w d5y t ! :ole sy/em has a direct t5d5cy t[>ds a g5]al bankruptcy4 ,we !re=e ask ,dr4 ,wayl& to make a proposal t %all be a p]man5t & effectual rem$y 9 ! cases "u consid]ation4 ,n[1 v few w say1 b t if society c f9d out "s humane plan by :i* begg>s & ?ieves c be =c$1 if =ce be necess>y1 to yield a product ( lab\r equal to ! supply ( _! necess>y wants1 ! ord9ances ( ,god w n sanction ! act4 ,f imp]fection1 p]haps1 9 ! organization ( society1 we n only see individuals bran*+ (f1 & tak+ a d[nw>d road1 b also1 9 all old c\ntries1 f ! v /imulus ( nature1 a con/ant t5d5cy to su* an increase ( population z less5s ! value ( lab\r by ov]/ock+ ! dem&1 :]eby its product becomes less ?an is requir$ = ! supply ( individual wants4 ,! consequ5ces result+ f ^! facts1 s ru9\s to individual morals & happ9ess1 (t5 become national evils & ! causes ( national det]ioration4 ,b1 "u ! ,levitical law1 & 9 all c\ntries ) simil> provisions1 ! effect has be51 & ev] w be1 a division ( su* population into a sep>ate ca/e1--n national det]ioration4 ,) a view to rem$y ! evils to :i* we h invit$ ! att5tion ( ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,wayl&1 ,sismondi1 book vii4 *ap4 #i1 has propos$1 t inasmu*1 z he says1 ! l[ wages ( ! lab\r+ poor r$\nd :olly to ! pecuni>y b5efit ( ! capitali/s :o employ !m1 ^? capitali/s %all be *>g$ by law ) _! support1 :5 wages become too l[ to supply ! necess>y wants ( ! lab\r]2 at ! same "t be/[+ p[] on ! capitali/s to prev5t all m>riages :5 ! lab\r] c give no evid5ce ( a prospect ( increas$ means ( subsi/5ce1 satisfactory to ! capitali/1 t he w n be burd5$ ) ! support ( ! (fspr+4 ,we are1 by no means1 ! advocates ( ,sismondi's propos$ arrangem5t4 ,b if ! lab\r]s1 s9ce 9 "s s5se !y may be consid]$ freem51 give _! cons5t to x1 we d n p]ceive t x w\ld be 8at v>iance ) ! ord9ances ( ,god40 ,! au?or ( ^! 8,elem5ts0 & ,sismondi1 we believe1 diff]$ little1 if any1 on ! subject ( ! abolition ( slav]y t\*+ ! negro race4 ,w he say1 ! proposal ( t philosoph] to b5efit ! condition ( ! lab\r+ poor1 if c>ri$ into effect z sugge/$1 w\ld be 8at v>iance ) ! ord9ances ( ,god80 ,yet1 all ! _w p]ceive t x is a m]e modification ( slav]y1 conta9+ conditions m obnoxi\s to human nature ?an app]ta9s to any condition ( slav]y n[ kn[n beyond ! ,african %ores4 ,man has ev] be5 f\nd to advance 9 moral improvem5t civilization1 & a /able & heal?y increase ( population1 only 9 proportion z !y h be5 taught to supply _! necess>y wants by ! products ( individual lab\r4 ,?is is :at fir/ di/+ui%es civiliz$ f savage life4 ,! savage relies :olly ^u ! elem5ts1 ! casualties t br+ him advantage1 & ! spontane\s productions ( nature4 ,! idea ( supply+ 8 wants ?r\gh ! products ( lab\r nev] ent]s ! m9d4 ,& w x be d5i$ t1 ev5 9 civiliz$ c\ntries1 !y :o solely rely ^u begg+1 trick1 & di%one/y1 = _! support1 are always f\nd to be det]iorat+1 bo? 9 morals & 9 _! physical ability1 rapidly rec$+ f all ! *>act]i/ics ( civilization1 9 ! direction t[>ds savage life4 ,inde$1 a t5d5cy to move 9 ! same direction is (t5 p]ceptible among ^? :o only p>tially supply ! wants ( civiliz$ support by ! product ( individual lab\r1 & rely ^u _! wits = ! rema9d]1 ?us1 to "s ext5t1 becom+ ! plund]]s ( society4 ,we w\ld h be5 happy to h f\nd ! causes :y ^! ?+s are s1 z well z to h f\nd ! rem$y1 9 8,! ,elem5ts ( ,moral ,sci5ce40 ,b let u contemplate1 = a mom5t1 a c]ta9 class ( freem51 ! laz>oni ( ,italy1 :o exi/1 m]ely1 ^u "o small di% ( mac>oni1 daily issu$ to !m f ! ,hospital ( ,/4 ,laz>us4 ,we are all famili> ) ! condition ( ^! p4 ,let u comp>e !irs ) :at w\ld be ! condition ( ! begg>s & ?ieves ( "s o!r c\ntries1 7 !y plac$ "u ! control ( "s salut>y p[]1 :]eby _! necess>y wants w\ld be suppli$ by ! product ( _! individual lab\r4 ,we ne$ n ask :i* condition is mo/ 8at v>iance ) ! ord9ances ( ,god60 ,dr4 ,wayl& has reta9$1 = 8 la/ witness1 ! old trite *>ge t slav]y impov]i%es ! soil2 t1 !re=e1 x con/antly 8migrates f ! old to new regions10 8:]e alone ! accumulat$ manure ( c5turies0 c 8su/a9 a sy/em at v>iance ) ! laws ( nature40 8,h5ce10 he says1 8slav]y 9 ?is c\ntry is ackn[l$g$ to h impov]i%$ _m ( our mo/ valuable di/ricts40 ,we are n aw>e h[ f> ,dr4 ,wayl& has f\nd$ ?is /atem5t ^u facts drawn f 8 own obs]vation4 ,has he done s at all2 or has he1 c>elessly & )\t reflection1 adopt$ x f ! ass]tions ( o!rs notori\sly de/itute ( ability to =m an op9ion ) accuracy1 or else too deeply prejudic$ to give _! op9ion any value8 ,does he wi% u to inf] t ! pl\gh & ! hoe1 9 ! h&s ( a slave1 communicate "s peculi> poison to ! soil2 & by reason ( :i* 8! gr\nd %all n h5ce=? yield h] /r5g?80 ,w he please expla9 h[ ! effect ( :i* he compla9s is produc$8 ,if he f9ds x m]ely 9 ! mode ( cultivation1 we !n inquire :e!r ! same mode w\ld n produce ! same effect1 ev5 if ! pl\gh & hoe 7 held by freem58 ,if s1 !n x is evid5t t 8! impov]i%m5t ( _m ( our mo/ valuable di/ricts0 is n ! result ( slav]y1 b ( a bad mode ( cultivation4 ,or1 w ! doctor cont5d t if ^? valuable di/ricts _h be5 cultivat$ by free hir$ m51 ! evils f neglig5ce 9 ! lab\r] w\ld be rem$i$8 8,he t is a hirel+ flee?1 because he is a hirel+1 & c>e? n = ! %eep40 ,john x4 #ac4 ,dr4 ,wayl& w n d5y t ! 8hea!n r\nd ab\t10 ( :om ! ,jews 7 p]mitt$ to buy slaves1 7 a slave-hold+ p2 b we h no acc\nt t _! c\ntry 0 impov]i%$ !reby4 ,! ,canaanites1 :om ! ,israelites drove out f ,pale/9e1 7 slavehold]s2 yet ! c\ntry 0 repres5t$ z v f]tile1 ev5 to 8ov]fl[+ ) milk & honey40 ,! ,danites f\nd 8,lai% v good10 ,judg4 xviii4 #i4 ,& ! *ildr5 ( ,judah 8f\nd fat pa/ure & good0 ab\t ,g$>4 #a ,*ron4 iv4 #dj4 8,= !y ( ,ham _h dwelt !re ( old60 ,= _m c5turies1 slav]y ext5d$ ov] e "p ( ,europe1 yet hi/ory gives u no acc\nt ( ! ru9 ( ! soil4 ,9 ,greece & ,rome1 ! numb]s ( slaves 7 ext5d$ to millions beyond any numb] ^! ,/ates possess2 b _! hi/orians fail$ to discov] _! de/ructive influ5ce on ! f]tility ( ^? c\ntries4 ,be=e ! impov]i%m5t ( ! soil c1 ) any =ce1 be adduc$ z pro( aga9/ slav]y1 x mu/ be prov$ to be a necess>y consequ5ce2 :i*1 we appreh5d1 w be a difficult lab\r1 s9ce ! sluggi%ness & ! idl5ess ( ! ,canaanites1 & ( ! nations r\nd ab\t1 left _! c\ntry ov]fl[+ ) milk & honey1 ab\nd+ 9 fat pa/ures & good1 not)/&+ _! population 71 to a l>ge ext5t1 slaves1--s9ce1 also1 ! s]vile cultivation ( ! soil 9 ,greece & ,rome did n impov]i% x2 & s9ce slav]y1 :i* ev]y:]e ab\nd$ 9 ,europe1 nev] produc$ t effect4 ,if ,dr4 ,wayl& w discov] ! legitimate cause ( ?is impov]i%m5t ( ! soil 9 ! ,slave ,/ates1 & tea* ! plant]s a bett] mode ( cultivation1 we d\bt n he w receive _! ?anks1 & des]ve well ( 8 c\ntry1 z a public b5efactor4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,vii4 ,dr4 ,wayl& says3 ,p4 #bji4 8,! moral precepts ( ! ,bible are diametrically oppos$ to slav]y40 ,p4 #baj4 8,! moral pr9ciples ( ! gospel are directly subv]sive ( ! pr9ciples ( slav]y40 99 99 99 8,if ! gospel be diametrically oppos$ to ! pr9ciples ( slav]y1 x mu/ be oppos$ to ! practice ( slav]y2 &1 !re=e1 7 ! pr9ciples ( ! gospel fully adopt$1 slav]y c\ld n exi/40 ,dr4 ,wayl& hav+ conceiv$ himself to possess a di/9ct faculty1 :i* reveals to him1 ) un]r+ tru?fulness1 :atev] is "r & all t is wrong1 may be expect$ to consid] himself fully able to decide1 9 8 own way1 :at in/ruction ,god int5d$ to convey to u1 on ! subject ( slav]y1 ?r\gh ! books ( ,div9e revelation2 yet1 we _c b imag9e t ,/4 ,paul w\ld be some:at a/oni%$1 if pres5t$ ) ! doctor's decision = 8 approval1 & t he w\ld cry out3 8,:o art ?\ t judge/ ano!r man's s]vant8 ,to 8 own ma/]1 he /&e?1 or falle?3 yea1 he w be hold5 up2 = ,god is able to make him /&40 ,b al?\gh we _c boa/ ( possess+ ?is un]r+ moral guide1 :i*1 ( late ye>s1 seems to be s common a possession among t class :o ard5tly desire u to believe t !y h monopoliz$ all ! k ( ,god's w on ! subject ( slav]y1 yet we may v5ture a rem>k on ! logical accuracy ( ,dr4 ,wayl&'s argum5t4 ,x seems to be a po/ulate 9 8 m9d t ! gospel is diametrically oppos$ to1 & subv]sive (1 ! pr9ciples ( slav]y4 ,we d n compla9 ( ?is syllogi/ic mode2 b we d compla91 z we h done be=e1 t 8 po/ulate is n an axiom1 a self-evid5t tru?1 or made equal !reto by ! op5 & cle> decl>ations ( ,*ri/ or 8 apo/les4 ,?is defect _c be rem$i$ by ev] s _m suppositions1 nor by d$uctions !refrom4 ,nor w ^? ( a diff]5t fai? f ,dr4 ,wayl&1 on ! subject ( 8consci5ce10 or 8moral s5se10 be satisfi$ to receive ! decl>ations ( ?is 8 8di/9ct faculty0 z ! fix$ decrees ( et]nal tru?4 ,8 ass]tions & argum5ts may be v conv9c+ to ^? :o ?9k !y possess ?is di/9ct faculty1 especially if _! education & prejudices t5d to ! same conclusion4 ,b if :at ,presid5t ,wayl& says ab\t slav]y be true1 !n to hold slaves is a mo/ he9\s s92 & he :o does s1 & nev] rep5ts1 c nev] visit ,paul 9 heav54 ,he necess>ily is plac$ on a p>allel ) ! ?ief & robb]2 & ,dr4 ,*ann+ has be5 bold en\gh to say s4 ,b has ,paul ev] h9t$ to u any su* ?+ z t ! hold+ ( slaves is a s98 ,yet he gives u in/ruction on ! subject & relations ( slav]y4 ,:at excuse _h ,/4 ,paul = n tell+ u :at ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,wayl& n[ tells u1 if :at he has told u be true8 ,& if x be true1 :at are we to ?9k ( ,paul's v]ity1 :5 he ass]ts t he has 8n %unn$ to decl>e all ! c\nsel ( ,god80 ,did ,jesus ,*ri/ ev] h9t su* an idea z ,dr4 ,wayl&'s8 ,:at are we to und]/&1 :5 he addresses ,god1 ! ,fa!r1 & says1 8,i h giv5 unto !m ! words ?\ gave/ me1 & !y h receiv$ !m80 ,:at are we to d$uce f 8 rem>k on a slavehold]1 & :o notifi$ him ( t fact1 :5 he says to 8 disciples1 8,v]ily ,i say unto y1 ,i h n f\nd s great fai?1 no1 n 9 ,israel80 ,:at impression 0 ?is rem>k calculat$ to produce on ! m9ds ( ! disciples8 ,does ,dr4 ,wayl& f\nd 8 ass]tion on ,luke xvii4 #g-aj8 or does he agree ) ,paley t ,*ri/ privately condemn$ slav]y to ! apo/les1 & t !y kept su* condemnation secret to !mselves1 to prev5t opposition to ! introduction ( ,*ri/ianity1 & left ! mo/ wick$ s9 ( slave-hold+ to be f\nd out by a m]e innu5do8 ,or does ,dr4 ,wayl& claim1 ?r\gh ! aid ( 8 di/9ct moral faculty infallibly tea*+ him ! tru?1 to h receiv$ "s new light on ! subject ( slav]y1 :i* ! ,,fa!r deem$ n prud5t to be intru/$ to ! ,,son1 &1 !re=e1 n[ m lucid & au?oritative ?an :at 0 reveal$ to ! apo/les8 ,! ,ar*bi%op ,seck] has made a rem>k :i* appe>s to u conclusive1 & also exactly to fit ! case4 ,9 8 ,fif? ,lecture on ! ,cate*ism1 he says3-- 8,suppos+ ! ,scripture a true revelation1 s f> z x goes2 h[ %all we "k1 if x be a full & complete "o too1 9 all ?+s necess>y8 ,i answ]3 ,s9ce our ,savi\r _h ! ,_s )\t measure1 & ! writ]s ( ,scripture _h z l>ge a measure ( x z _! commission to in/ruct ! _w requir$1 x is impossible t1 9 s _m disc\rses conc]n+ ! t]ms ( salvation z ! ,new ,te/am5t conta9s1 !y %\ld all h omitt$ any "o ?+ necess>y to ! great end :i* !y _h 9 view4 ,& :at 0 n necess>y :5 ! ,scripture 0 complet$1 _c h become s s9ce4 ,= ! fai? 01 once = all1 #8deliv]$ to ! sa9ts1' ,jude #c2 & #8o!r f\ndation c no man lay1' #a ,cor4 iii4 #aa1 ?an :at 0 laid !n4 ,! sacr$ p5m5 !mselves c\ld tea* no o!r doctr9e ?an ,*ri/ appo9t$ !m2 & he ha? appo9t$ no "o s9ce to make addition to x40 ,b x may be prop] to take "s fur!r notice h[ ! au?or ( ^! 8,elem5ts0 attempts to prove ! tru? ( ! proposition t 8! moral precepts ( ! ,bible are diametrically oppos$ to slav]y40 ,he says1 8,god c make kn[n to u 8 w1 ei!r directly or indirectly40 ,he may1 9 express t]ms1 comm& or =bid a ?+2 ?is w be directly2--or he may comm& c]ta9 duties1 or impose c]ta9 obligations1 ) :i* "s c]ta9 c\rse ( conduct is inconsi/5t2 9 :i* case ! inconsi/5t c\rse ( conduct w be indirectly =bidd54 ,we h n foll[$ ,dr4 ,wayl&'s exact words1 because we f\nd !m some:at confus$1 & r ambigu\s4 ,we pref] to h ! case cle>ly /at$1 & we !n accept ! t]ms1 & repeat ! "q1 8,has ,god impos$ obligations on man :i* are inconsi/5t ) ! exi/5ce ( dome/ic slav]y80 ,9 pro( t he has1 ,dr4 ,wayl& pres5ts ! ,*ri/ian duty 8to prea* ! gospel to all nations & m51 )\t respect to circum/ances or condition40 ,we agree t su* is our duty1 s f> z we may h ! p[]2 & x appe>s to u /range h[ t duty c int]f]e ) ! exi/5ce ( slav]y1 because ! practical fact is1 slav]y br+s hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( negroes into a condition :]eby ! duty may be p]=m$1 & _m !reby d come to "s k ( ! gospel1 :o w\ld1 o!rwise1 h none4 ,e ,*ri/ian slavehold] feels x to be 8 duty4 ,is x d5i$ t ?is duty is ev] p]=m$8 ,b if x is incompatible ) ! in/itution ( slav]y = ! slave to be taught ,*ri/ianity1 !n ,*ri/ianity & slav]y c nev] co-exi/ 9 ! same p]son4 ,!re=e1 ,dr4 ,wayl& mu/ prove t no slave c be a ,*ri/ian1 be=e ?is argum5t c h weight4 ,! man :o owns a slave has a tru/2 he :o has a *ild has "o also4 ,9 bo? cases ! tru/ee may d z he did :o 8dug 9 ! e>? & hid 8 "l's money40 ,we *e]fully deliv] !m up to ! la% ( ,dr4 ,wayl&4 ,! au?or ( ! 8,elem5ts ( ,moral ,sci5ce0 next pres5ts ! m>riage contract1 & seems desir\s to h u suppose t its obligations are incompatible ) slav]y4 ,8 words are-- 8,he has taught u t ! conjugal relation is e/abli%$ by himself2 t husb& & wife are jo9$ toge!r by ,god2 & t man may n put !m asund]4 ,! m>riage contract is a contract = life1 & is dissoluble only = "o cause1 t ( conjugal infidelity4 ,any sy/em t int]f]es ) ?is contract1 & claims to make x any ?+ else ?an :at ,god has made x1 is 9 violation ( 8 law40 ,?is proposition is bad2 x is too v]bose to be ei!r def9ite or correct4 ,!re are _m ?+s t w int]f]e ) ! provisions ( ?is proposition1 & yet n be 9 violation ( ! laws ( ,god4 ,suppose "o ( ,presid5t ,wayl&'s pupils has m>ri$ a wife1 & yet commits a crime4 ,he is arre/$1 & ! presid5t is 8 judge4 ,:5 ab\t to pron\nce s5t5ce ( imprisonm5t = life1 ! pupil reads to 8 judge ! =ego+ p>agraph1 & argues t he _c receive su* s5t5ce1 because x w int]f]e ) ! m>riage contract1 &1 !re=e1 be 9 violation ( ! laws ( ,god4 ,we tru/ "s w deem ?is a suffici5t refutation ( ! proposition4 ,b if we take ! proposition z its au?or has left x1 we h yet to le>n t any slavehold] w object to x2 al?\gh x may be he w diff] ) !m on ! subject ( :at con/itutes ,*ri/ian m>riage1 among pagan negroes or _! pagan desc5dants4 ,w ! rev]5d morali/ det]m9e t a promiscu\s int]c\rse is ! conjugal relation e/abli%$ by ,god himself2 t su* is ! m>riage contract :i* no man may put asund]8 ,w he decide t an attempt to regulate ! conduct ( m51 bond or free1 :o manife/ su* a /ate ( morals1 is 9 violation ( ! laws ( ,god8 ,:o are 8 pupils1 :5 he %all say t an attempt to en=ce ! laws ( ,god1 9 practice among m51 is a violation ( !m8 ,s f> z our exp]i5ce goes1 ma/]s univ]sally manife/ a desire to h _! negroes m>ry1 & to live ) _! wives & *ildr51 9 con=mity to ,*ri/ian rules4 ,& "o reason1 if no o!r1 is v obvi\s4 ,! ma/] wi%es to secure ! peace & tranquillity ( 8 h\sehold4 ,& we take ?is occasion to in=m ,dr4 ,wayl& & 8 coadjutors1 t a v l>ge proportion ( ! puni%m5ts t are aw>d$ slaves are = violations ( :at1 p]haps1 he may call ! m>riage contract1 s anxi\s is ! ma/] to inculcate ! obligations ( m>riage among !m4 ,x is true1 "s slaves ( a high] ord] ( physical & moral improvem5t1 influ5c$ by ! habits & cu/oms ( _! ma/]s1 habituate !mselves to a cohabitation ) "o companion = life2 &1 9 all su* cases1 ! ma/] inv>iably gives c\nt5ance to _! wi%es2 inde$1 9 "s in/ances1 ma/]s h deem$ !m wor?y ( hav+ _! wi%es sanction$ & solemniz$ by ! c]emonies ( ! *ur* ritual4 ,& 9 all su* cases1 sup]ior consid]ation & advantages are always be/[$1 n only 9 rew>d ( _! m]it1 b z an enc\ragem5t = o!rs4 ,! ,african negro has no idea ( m>riage z a sacr$ ord9ance ( ,god4 ,_m ( ! tribes wor%ip a,feti%1 :i* is a p]sonification ( _! gross notions ( procreation2 b x inculcates no idea l t ( m>riage2 & we h kn[n ! po/]ity ( t p1 f\r or five g5]ations remov$ f ! ,african native1 z firmly atta*$ to ^? /range habits z if !y _h be5 con/itutional4 ,negroes1 :o h only arriv$ to su* a /ate ( m5tal & moral developm5t1 w\ld f9d x some:at difficult to compreh5d :at ! ,*ri/ian *ur* impli$ by ! m>riage cov5ant6 ,!re=e1 :]e !re 0 no reason to believe t its duties 7 und]/ood1 or t _! habits & conduct w\ld be influ5c$ by x any long] ?an until !y %\ld take "s new notion1 a c]emony ( any high ord] has be5 ?\ght to d injury4 ,a rule1 (t5 brok51 ceases to be v5]at$4 ,& we feel q sure t "s ,*ri/ians w\ld deem x q improp] to p]mit ^? to jo9 9 any sacr$ c]emony :i* nei!r _! physical nor m5tal developm5t w\ld p]mit !m to compreh5d or obey1 :e!r freem5 or slaves4 ,9 ! articles drawn up at ,ratisbon by ,melanc?on1 we f9d1 ,article #af1 ,de ,sacram4 ,matrimo43 8,! sacram5t ( matrimony belongs only to ,*ri/ians4 ,x is a holy & con/ant union ( "o s+le man ) "o s+le woman1 confirm$ by ! bless+ & consecration ( ,jesus ,*ri/40 ,& ,/4 ,paul says1 ,eph4 v4 #cb1 ( matrimony3 8,?is is a great my/]y3 b ,i speak conc]n+ ,*ri/ & ! ,*ur*40 ,we "k n :e!r ! au?or ( ! 8,elem5ts0 believes1 ) ,melanc?on1 t matrimony is a ,*ri/ian sacram5t or n4 ,we believe ! majority ( mod]n ,prote/ants d n s consid] x1 al?\gh ,lu!r says1 ,de ,matrimonio3 8,matrimony is call$ a sacram5t1 because x is ! type ( a v noble & v holy ?+4 ,h5ce ! m>ri$ ought to consid] & respect ! dignity ( ?is sacram5t40 ,"q3--,w\ld ,melanc?on1 or ,lu!r1 or ! au?or ( ^! 8,elem5ts10 cons5t to p]=m ! m>riage c]emony1 jo9+1 9 ! holy bonds ( matrimony1 two negroes1 :o nei!r und]/ood ! ,*ri/ian duties x impos$1 & ( :om x 0 well kn[n t !y w\ld n reg>d ! contract z b9d+ any long] ?an _! fancy or passions might dictate4 ,a ,*ri/ian sacram5t is n only a sign ( ,*ri/ian grace1 b ! seal ( its insurance to u1 & ! in/rum5t ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 :]eby fai? is conf]r$1 z a ,div9e gift1 ^u ! s\l4 ,we feel x a ,*ri/ian duty to 8n give t :i* is holy to dogs10 nor 8ca/ pe>ls be=e sw9e40 ,is ,dr4 ,wayl& ( ! same op9ion8 ,x may be well to advise our au?or ( "s facts 9 pro( ( :at /ate ( connubial feel+s exi/ among ,african negroes4 ,we quote f ,l&]1 vol4 i4 p4 #cab3 8,! mann]s ( ! ,africans are ho/ile to ! int]e/s & advancem5t ( wom540 ,p4 #cbh4 8,a man is at lib]ty to return 8 wife to h] p>5ts1 at any "t1 )\t adduc+ any reason = 8 dislike40 99 99 99 8,! *ildr51 if any1 ! "m is by no means p]mitt$ to take along ) h]2 b !y are left beh9d ) ! fa!r1 :o deliv]s !m ov] to ! c>e ( o!r wom540 ,p4 #aeh4 8,a man ?9ks z little ( tak+ a wife z ( cutt+ an e> ( corn2 affection is altoge!r out ( ! "q40 ,vol4 ii4 p4 #bjh4 8,africans1 g5]ally speak+1 betray ! mo/ p]fect indiff]5ce on los+ _! lib]ty1 or 9 be+ depriv$ ( _! relations2 :ile love ( c\ntry is1 seem+ly1 z great a /rang] to _! brea/s z social t5d]ness & dome/ic affection40 ,we quote f ! ,*ri/ian ,obs]v]1 vol4 xix4 p4 #hij3 8,mr4 ,johnson 0 appo9t$ to ! c>e ( ,reg5t's ,t[n1 ,june1 #ahaf4 99 99 99 ,natives ( tw5ty-two diff]5t nations 7 !re collect$ toge!r3 99 99 99 none ( !m _h le>n$ to live 9 a /ate ( m>riage40 ,pro(s ( ?is trait 9 ! ,african "* may be accumulat$2 & a v det]m9$ disposition to live 9 a /ate ( promiscu\s int]c\rse is (t5 noticeable1 9 _! desc5dants1 = _m g5]ations1 not)/&+ ! ma/] endeav\rs to re/ra9 x by corporeal puni%m5t4 ,b yet1 "u ?is /ate ( facts1 our laws =bid ! sep>ation ( *ildr5 f mo!rs1 "u ages /ipulat$ by law4 ,x is ! int]e/ ( ! ma/] to h 8 slaves ord]ly--to possess !m ( "s int]e/ :i* w h a t5d5cy to t result4 ,_! quiet settlem5t 9 families has be5 ?\ght to be among ! mo/ probable & influ5tial inducem5ts to insure ! desir$ effect1 & to produce a moral influ5ce on !m4 ,besides ?is int]e/ ( ! ma/]1 8 education on ! subject ( m>riage mu/ be all[$ to h a /rong influ5ce on 8 m9d to fav\r & fo/] 9 8 slaves a connection :i* 8 own judgm5t tea*es him mu/ be important to _! happ9ess & 8 own tranquillity1 to say no?+ ( 8 duty z a ,*ri/ian4 ,inde$1 we nev] he>d ( a ma/] :o did n feel a /rong desire1 a pride1 to see 8 slaves 9 good condition1 cont5t$ & happy2 & we v5ture to ass]t1 t no man1 :o ent]ta9$ a prop] reg>d = 8 own "*1 w\ld cons5t to sell a family ( slaves1 sep>ately1 to diff]5t individuals1 :5 ! slaves !mselves manife/$ good conduct1 & a habit1 or desire1 to live toge!r 9 con=mity to ! rules ( civiliz$ life4 ,ev5 a casual cohabitation is (t5 caught at by ! ma/]1 & sanction$1 z p]man5t1 if he c d s 9 accordance ) ! conduct & feel+s ( ! negroes !mselves4 ,t ! own]s ( slaves h sometimes abus$ ! p[] !y possess$1 & outrag$ ! feel+s ( humanity 9 ?is behalf1 is d\btless a fact4 ,nor d we wi% to excuse su* conduct1 by say+ t pr\d & weal?y p>5ts sometimes outrage ! feel+s ( common s5se & ( _! own *ildr5 9 a some:at simil> way4 ,^! are abuses t c be1 & %\ld be correct$2 & we are happy to in=m ,dr4 ,wayl& t we h liv$ to see _m abuses correct$1 & hope t _m m corrections may foll[ 9 _! tra94 ,b we assure him t ! :olesale d5unciations ( m5 :o1 9 fact1 "k b little ab\t ! subjects ( _! di/ress1 may produce great injury to ! objects ( _! sympa?ies1 b no possible b5efit4 ,& let u n[1 ) ! be/ feel+1 in=m ,dr4 ,wayl&1 & 8 co-agitators1 ( "o result ( 8 & _! actions 9 ?is matt]4 ,we ass]t :at we "k4 ,?irty ye>s ago1 we occasionally _h s*ools = negro *ildr52 nor 0 x uncommon = ma/]s to s5d _! fav\rite "y slaves to ^! s*ools2 nor did su* acts excite att5tion or al>m2 &1 at ! same "t1 any mission>y _h free access to t class ( our population4 ,b :5 we f\nd1 ) a/oni%m5t1 t our c\ntry 0 flood$ ) abolition pr9ts1 deeply lad5 ) ! mo/ abusive falsehoods1 ) ! obvi\s design to excite rebellion among ! slaves1 & to spread assass9ation & blood%$ ?r\gh ! l&2--:5 we f\nd ^! transi5t mission>ies1 m5tally too insignificant to =esee ! result ( _! conduct1 or :olly c>eless ( ! consequ5ces1 prea*+ ! same doctr9es2--^! little s*ools & ! m\?s ( ^! mission>ies 7 clos$4 ,& great 0 ! cry4 ,dr4 ,wayl& kn[s :]eab\t lies ! wick$ness ( ^! our acts6 ,let him & 8 coadjutors well und]/& t ^! results1 :e!r = ! b5efit or injury ( ! slave1 h be5 br\ght ab\t by ! "w ( _! h&s4 ,if ^! transi5t mission>ies 7 ! only p]sons :o _h p[] to tea* ! gospel to ! slave1 :o has depriv$ ! slaves ( ! gospel8 ,if ^! sugge/ions are true1 w n ,dr4 ,wayl& look back ^u 8 lab\rs ) dissatisfaction8 ,does he behold _! effects ) joy8 ,has he ?r[n "o ray ( light into ! m5tal d>kness ( b5ight$ ,africa8 ,has he remov$ "o pa9 f ! moral disease ( h] b5ight$ *ildr58 ,if s p]fectly adv]se h be5 8 toils1 w he expect u to c\nt5ance 8 s*ool1 sanction 8 morality1 or v5]ate 8 !ology8 ,a v small portion ( poison makes ! fea/ fatal6 ,does he compla9 because "s freem5 l[] !mselves d[n to ?is promiscu\s int]c\rse ) ! negro8 ,we are dumb2 we deliv] !m up to 8 la%6 ,or does he compla9 because we d n m>ry !m ourselves8 ,we surely h yet to le>n1 because we decl9e su* m>riages1 & a det]iorat$ po/]ity1 t1 !re=e1 we int]f]e ) ! in/itution ( m>riage1 or make x some?+ :i* ,god did n4 ,we _h ?\ght t ! laws ( ,god all look$ t[>ds a /ate ( physical1 intellectual1 & moral improvem5t & t su* an amalgamation z w\ld necess>ily leave a m det]iorat$ race 9 our /ead1 w\ld be s91 & w\ld be puni%$1 if 9 no o!r way1 yet /ill by ! v fact ( su* degradation4 ,or does ,dr4 ,wayl& d5y t ! negro is an inf]ior race ( man to ! :ite8 ,if ! slave & ma/] 7 ( ! same race1 z !y once 7 9 all p>ts ( ,europe1 int]m>riage betwe5 !m w\ld blot out ! in/itution1 z x has done !re4 ,9 su* case1 8 argum5t might h "s =ce4 ,"u ! ,spani% law1 a ma/] might m>ry 8 female slave1 or he might suff] any freeman to m>ry h]2 b ! m>riage1 9 ei!r case1 0 emancipation to h]4 ,! wife 0 no long] a slave2 & s by ! ,levitical law4 ,see ,deut4 xxi4 #ad4 ,! laws ( ! ,slave ,/ates ( our ,union =bid amalgamation ) ! negro race2 consequ5tly su* a m>riage w\ld be a nullity1 & ! (fspr+ take ! condition ( ! "m4 ,! object ( ?is law is to prev5t ! det]ioration ( ! :ite race4 ,?us we h se5 t all ! practical facts relat+ to ! influ5ce ( ! slav]y ( ! ,africans among u1 t\*+ ! subject ( m>riage1 z to !m1 are 9 opposition to :at ,dr4 ,wayl& seems to suppose4 ,9 %ort1 ! slav]y ( ! negroes 9 ^! ,/ates has a con/antly cont9u$ t5d5cy to *ange--to en=ce an improvem5t ( ! morals ( ! ,african--to an approximation ( ! habits ( ,*ri/ian life4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,viii4 ,x is conc$$ by ,dr4 ,wayl&1 t ! ,scriptures d n directly =bid or condemn slav]y4 ,9 se>* ( a pa? ov] ?is morass ( difficulty1 he says t ! ,scripture goes ^u ! 8fair gr\nd ( tea*+ moral pr9ciples0 8directly subv]sive ( ! pr9ciples ( slav]y20 & quotes ! gold5 rule 9 pro(2 & ?us comes to ! conclusion t1 8if ! gospel be diametrically oppos$ to ! pr9ciple ( slav]y1 x mu/ be oppos$ to ! practice ( slav]y40 ,9 excuse = ?is mode be+ pursu$ by ! ,au?or ( our religion1 he says-- ,p4 #bab4 8,9 ?is mann] alone c\ld its object1 a univ]sal moral revolution1 h be5 accompli%$4 ,=1 if x _h =bidd5 ! evil1 in/ead ( subv]t+ ! pr9ciple1--if x _h proclaim$ ! unlawfulness ( slav]y & taught slaves to resi/ ! oppression ( _! ma/]s1--x w\ld in/antly h array$ ! two p>ties 9 deadly ho/ility1 ?r\gh ! civiliz$ _w2 its ann\ncem5t w\ld h be5 ! signal ( s]vile w>2 & ! v "n ( ! ,*ri/ian religion w\ld h be5 =gott5 amid/ ! agitations ( univ]sal blood%$40 ,we h h]et(ore attempt$ to %[ t ?is doctr9e is extremely gross error2--its v ass]tion goes to ! ext9ction1 ! d5ial ( ! div9ity ( ,jesus ,*ri/ & 8 religion4 ,& we deeply lam5t t ?is 0 n "o ( ! errors ( ,paley :i* ,dr4 ,wayl& has se5 fit to expunge f 8 book4 7,see 8 ,preface47 ,paley says1 ?ird book1 "p ii4 *ap4 #c--8,slav]y 0 a "p ( ! civil con/itution ( mo/ c\ntries1 :5 ,*ri/ianity fir/ appe>$2 yet no passage is to be f\nd 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,scriptures by :i* x is condemn$ or prohibit$4 ,?is is true1 = ,*ri/ianity1 solicit+ admission into all nations ( ! _w1 ab/a9$1 z behoov$ x1 f int]m$dl+ ) ! civil in/itutions ( any4 ,b does x foll[1 f ! sil5ce ( ,scripture conc]n+ !m1 t all ! civil in/itutions :i* !n prevail$ 7 "r8 ,or t ! bad %\ld n be ex*ang$ = bett]80 8,besides ?is1 ! dis*>g+ ! slaves f all obligation to obey _! ma/]s1 :i* is ! consequ5ce ( pron\nc+ slav]y to be unlawful1 w\ld h _h no bett] effect ?an to let loose "o half ( mank9d ^u ! o!r4 ,slaves w\ld h be5 tempt$ to embrace a religion :i* ass]t$ _! "r to fre$om2 ma/]s w\ld h>dly h be5 p]suad$ to cons5t to claims f\nd$ on su* au?ority2 ! mo/ calamit\s ( all conte/s1 a bellum s]vile1 might probably h ensu$1 to ! reproa*1 if n ! ext9ction1 ( ! ,*ri/ian "n40 ,9 ^! ?\ghtless rem>ks ( ,paley1 abolition writ]s seem to h f\nd a m9e ( argum5t1 f :i* !y h dug until !y deem$ !mselves weal?y4 ,*ann+1 vol4 ii4 p4 #aja1 says-- 8,slav]y1 9 ! age ( ! apo/le1 _h s p5etrat$ society1 0 s intimately int]wov5 ) x1 & ! mat]ials ( s]vile w> 7 s abundant1 t a religion prea*+ fre$om to ! slave w\ld h %ak5 ! social fabric to its f\ndation1 & w\ld h arm$ aga9/ itself ! :ole p[] ( ! /ate4 ,paul did n !n assail ! in/itution4 ,he satisfi$ himself ) spread+ pr9ciples1 :i*1 h[ev] sl[ly1 c\ld n b "w its dissolution40 ,?is au?or1 ?us hav+ satisfi$ himself ) a display :i* ! great] portion ( 8 read]s deem orig9al1 comm5ces1 p4 #ajc1 & quotes f 8,! ,elem5ts ( ,moral ,sci5ce10 p4 #bab3 8,?is v c\rse1 :i* ! gospel takes on ?is subject1 seems to h be5 ! only "o t c\ld h be5 tak5 9 ord] to effect ! univ]sal abolition ( slav]y4 ,! gospel 0 design$1 n = "o race or = "o "t1 b = all races & = all times4 ,x look$1 n at ! abolition ( ?is =m ( evil = t age alone1 b = its univ]sal abolition4 ,h5ce1 ! important object ( its au?or 0 to ga9 x a lodgm5t 9 e "p ( ! kn[n _w30 & concludes ) our quotation f ! au?or4 ,dr4 ,b>nes 8fights m %y20 he sees 8! trap40 ,! ,biblical ,rep]tory has unveil$ to 8 view ! awful abyss to :i* ?is doctr9e necess>ily leaps4 ,yet ! abyss mu/ be pass$2 ! facts1 ! doctr9e ( ,paley1 & ! gulf1 mu/ be got ov]1 9 "s way1 or abolition doctr9es mu/ be giv5 up4 ,= ?irty pages1 l a c&le-fly1 he coquets ar\nd ! light ( ?is doctr9e1 until he ga!rs c\rage1 & f9ally falls into x "u ! plea ( 8exp$i5cy40 ,he quotes ,wayl&'s ,lett]s to ,full]1 p4 #gc1 :i* says-- 8,?is =m ( exp$i5cy--! inculcat+ ( a fundam5tal tru?1 r ?an ( ! duty :i* spr+s imm$iately out ( x1 seems to me innoc5t4 ,i g fur!r3 9 "s cases1 x may be really dem&$10 c4 8,& a c]ta9 rul] ask$ him1 say+1 ,good ,ma/]1 :at %all ,i d to inh]it et]nal life40 ,luke xviii4 #ah4 ,?is man 0 ri*--probably _h slaves4 ,0 x inexp$i5t = ! ,son ( ,god to h pla9ly told him ( its wick$ness8 ,0 n ! occasion q appropriate1 if su* _h be5 ! ,savi\r's view8 ,:5 ! keep] ( ! prison said to ,paul & ,silas1 8,sirs1 :at %all ,i d to be sav$80 0 x inexp$i5t 9 !m to h m5tion$ ?is s98 ,:5 ! subject ( slav]y 0 m5tion$ 9 ,cor9?ians1 ,ephesians1 ,colossians1 9 ,timo?y1 ,titus1 & ,pet]1 0 x /ill inexp$i5t8 ,& 9 ! case ( ,philemon1 8! de>ly belov$ & fell[-lab\r]10 :5 ,paul 0 plead+ = ! runaway slave1 9 :at did ! inexp$i5cy consi/8 ,:5 ! c5turion appli$ to ! ,son ( ,god1 & boa/$ t he own$ slaves1 c we br+ =w>d ?is paltry excuse8 ,?is doctr9e ( ,paley has be5 s commonly quot$1 let u be excus$ = pres5t+ a rem>k f ! 8,essays10 repr9t$ f ! ,pr9ceton ,review1 second s]ies1 p4 #bhc3 8,x is n by argum5t t ! abolitioni/s h produc$ ! pres5t unhappy excitem5t4 ,argum5t has n be5 ! "* ( _! publications4 ,d5unciations ( slave-hold+ z man-/eal+1 robb]y1 piracy1 & worse ?an murd]2 consequ5tly vitup]ation ( slavehold]s z kn[+ly guilty ( ! wor/ ( crimes2 passionate appeals to ! feel+s ( ! inhabitants ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates2 gross exagg]ations ( ! moral & physical condition ( ! slaves1 h =m$ ! /aple ( _! addresses to ! public40 ,p4 #bhf4 8,unmix$ good or evil1 h[ev]1 9 su* a _w z ours1 is a r>e ?+4 ,?\gh ! c\rse pursu$ by ! abolitioni/s has produc$ a great prepond]ance ( mis*ief1 x may incid5tally occasion no little good4 ,x has r5d]$ x incumb5t on e man to endeav\r to obta91 &1 z f> z he c1 to communicate1 def9ite op9ions & correct pr9ciples on ! :ole subject4 99 99 99 ,! subject ( slav]y is no long] "o on :i* m5 are all[$ to be ( no m9d at all4 99 99 99 ,! public m9d is effectually ar\s$ f a /ate ( indiff]5ce & x is ! duty ( all to seek ! tru?1 & to speak 9 k9dness1 b ) decision4 99 99 99 ,we recognise no au?oritative rule ( tru? & duty b ! ^w ( ,god4 99 99 99 ,m5 are too ne>ly ^u a p> z to _! p[]s ( reason+1 & ability to discov] tru?1 to make ! conclusions ( "o m9d an au?oritative rule = o!rs40 99 99 99 ,! subject = consid]ation is3 ,if ! abolitioni/s are "r 9 insi/+ t slave-hold+ is "o ( ! greate/ ( all s9s1--t x %\ld be imm$iately & univ]sally ab&on$1 z a condition ( *ur* communion1 or ( admission into heav51--h[ comes x t ,*ri/ & 8 apo/les did n pursue ?is s9 9 pla9 & det]m9$ opposition8 ,h[ comes x t ! tea*+s ( ! abolitioni/s1 on ! subject ( slav]y1 are s extremely diff]5t f ^? ( ,jesus ,*ri/ & 8 apo/les8 ,! m9d is =c$ to ! conclusion t1 if ! abolitioni/s are "r1 ,jesus ,*ri/ & 8 apo/les are wrong6 ,we agree t1 if slave-hold+ is a s91 x %\ld at once be ab&on$4 ,! :ole subject is resolv$ to "o s+le "q3 ,is slave-hold+1 9 itself1 a crime be=e ,god8 ,! abolitioni/s say t x is2 we ass]t t x is n2 & we look to ! conduct ( ,*ri/ & 8 apo/les to ju/ify our position4 ,did !y %ut _! eyes to ! enormities ( a great (f5ce aga9/ ,god & man8 ,did !y temporize ) a he9\s evil1 because x 0 common & popul>8 ,did !y ab/a9 f ev5 exhort+ ma/]s to emancipate _! slaves1 ?\gh an imp]ative duty1 f fe> ( consequ5ces8 ,0 slav]y m deeply root$ ?an idolatry8 or m deeply int]wov5 ) ! civil in/itutions8 m ?or\ghly p5etrat$ ?r\gh e ?+ human--_! prejudices1 lit]ature1 hopes1 & happ9ess8 ,0 its d5unciation1 if a s91 att5d$ ) consequ5ces m to be dread$ ?an dea? by torture1 wild bea/s1 ! crucifix1 ! fagot1 & ! flame8 ,did ! apo/les admit drunk>ds1 li>s1 =nicators1 adult]]s1 ?ieves1 robb]s1 murd]]s1 & idolat]s to ! ,*ri/ian communion1 & call !m 8de>ly belov$ & fell[-lab\r]s80 ,did ! ,son ( ,god ev] intimate ( any su* unrep5tant man1 t he _h 8n f\nd s great fai?1 no1 n 9 ,israel80 ,:at are we !n to ?9k ( ! intellect ( t man :o %all affirm t ,jesus ,*ri/ & 8 apo/les class$ ! slave-hold] ) ! wor/ ( ^! *>act]s8 ,yea1 :at c su* a man ?9k ( himself8 ,did ! apo/les c\nsel ?ieves & robb]s h[ !y %\ld advis$ly conduct !mselves 9 ! practice ( ^! crimes8 ,7 ^? :o _h be5 robb$ c>efully ga!r$ up & s5t back to "s kn[n robb]1 to be robb$ aga98 ,&1 on su* occasion1 did any ( ! apo/les address su* robb] 9 ! language ( affection1 say+1 8,i ?ank my ,god1 mak+ m5tion ( !e always 9 my pray]s1 he>+ ( ?y love & fai?1 :i* ?\ ha/ t[>ds ! ,"l ,jesus & t[>d all sa9ts80 ,no "o 9 8 s5ses w d5y t ! ,scriptures condemn inju/ice1 cruelty1 oppression1 & viol5ce1 :e!r exhibit$ 9 ! conduct ( ! ma/] t[>ds 8 slave or any o!r p]son3--crime be+ ! same1 :e!r committ$ 9 ! relation ( ma/] & slave1 husb& & wife1 or ! mon>* & 8 subjects4 ,x may s happ5 t great crimes are committ$ by p]sons 9 ^! relations4 ,b :at is ! argum5t wor? :i* ass]ts x is v wick$ to be a s*oolma/]1 because "s s*oolma/] :ipp$ 8 pupil too mu*1 or ano!r n en\gh1 or a ?ird1 9 an angry1 wick$ /ate ( m9d1 has put "o to dea?8 ,:o has ev] ass]t$ t m>riage 0 n a ,div9e in/itution1 because "s 9 t /ate live v unhappily toge!r1 & o!rs h conspir$ aga9/ ! happ9ess or life ( ^? :om ! in/itution made x _! duty to protect8 ,dr4 ,wayl&'s proposition1 :5 analyz$ & fre$ f v]biage1 is ?is3 ! tea*+ ( moral pr9ciples1 subv]sive ( ! abuse ( a ?+1 is pro( t ! tea*] is oppos$ to ! ?+ itself6 &1 if true1 we say1 is z applicable to e o!r in/itution among m51 z to slav]y4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,ix4 ,dr4 ,wayl& says1 p4 #bac-- 8,x is important to rememb] t two gr\nds ( moral obligation are di/9ctly recognis$ 9 ! gospel4 ,! fir/ is our duty to man z man1 t is1 on ! gr\nd ( ! relation :i* m5 su/a9 to ea* o!r2 ! second is our duty to man z a creature ( ,god1 t is1 on ! gr\nd ( ! relation :i* we all su/a9 to ,god4 ,on ?is latt] gr\nd1 _m ?+s become our duty :i* w\ld n be s on ! =m]4 ,x is on ?is gr\nd t we are comm&$ to return good = evil1 to pray = !m t despitefully use u1 &1 :5 we are smitt5 on "o *eek1 to turn also ! o!r4 ,to act ?us is our duty1 n because our fell[-man has a "r to claim ?is c\rse ( conduct f u1 b because su* conduct 9 u w be well-pleas+ to ,god4 ,& :5 ,god prescribes ! c\rse ( conduct :i* w be well-pleas+ to him1 he by no means ackn[l$ges ! "r ( abuse 9 ! injuri\s p]son1 b expressly decl>es1 #8,v5geance is m9e & ,i w repay x1 sai? ! ,"l6' ,n[1 x is to be obs]v$1 t x is precisely ^u ?is latt] gr\nd t ! slave is comm&$ to obey 8 ma/]4 ,x is nev] urg$1 l ! duty ( ob$i5ce to p>5ts1 because x is "r2 b because ! cultivation ( meekness & =be>ance "u injury w be well-pleas+ unto ,god4 ,?us s]vants are comm&$ to be ob$i5t to _! own ma/]s1 #89 s+l5ess ( he>t1 z unto ,*ri/2 do+ ! w ( ,god f ! he>t1 ) good-w do+ s]vice1 z to ! ,"l1 & n to man4' ,eph4 v4 #e-g4 8,s]vants are comm&$ to c\nt _! ma/]s wor?y ( all hon\r1 t ! "n ( ,god & 8 doctr9e be n blasphem$4 #a ,tim4 vi4#a4 ,t !y may adorn ! doctr9e ( ,god our ,savi\r 9 all ?+s4 ,titus iii4 #i4 8,! mann] 9 :i* ! duty ( s]vants or slaves is inculcat$1 !re=e1 af=ds no gr\nd = ! ass]tion t ! gospel au?orizes "o man to hold ano!r 9 bondage1 any m ?an ! comm& to hon\r ! k+1 :5 t k+ 0 ,n]o1 au?oriz$ ! tyranny ( ! emp]or2 or ! comm& to turn ! o!r *eek :5 "o 0 smitt51 ju/ifies ! infliction ( viol5ce by an injuri\s man40 ,add$ to ! =ego+1 we f9d ! foll[+ note3 8,i h reta9$ ! above p>agraph1 ?\gh ,i confess t ! rem>ks ( ,pr(essor ,taylor1 ( ! ,union ,!ological ,sem9>y ( ,virg9ia1 h l$ me s]i\sly to d\bt :e!r ! di/9ction1 to :i* x alludes1 is su/a9$ by ! ,new ,te/am5t40 ,:y !n did he reta9 x8 ,9 8 preface to ! f\r? edition1 :i* is ins]t$ 9 ! pres5t1 aft] express+ 8 ackn[l$gm5ts = ! criticisms ) :i* g5tlem5 h fav\r$ him1 he says-- 8,:]e ,i h be5 conv9c$ ( error1 ,i h alt]$ ! text4 ,:]e ,i h only d\bt$1 ,i h suff]$ x to rema92 z x seem$ pr(itless m]ely to ex*ange "o d\btful op9ion = ano!r40 ,we beg to "k :at d\btful op9ion w\ld h be5 introduc$ by ! deletion ( ?is1 :i* he ackn[l$ges to be d\btful8 ,:y did he n g to ! ,bible1 & inquire ( ,jesus ,*ri/ & ! apo/les = advice 9 su* a case8 8,& imm$iately ,jesus /ret*$ =? 8 h&1 & caught him1 & said unto him1 ,o ?\ ( little fai?1 :]e=e did/ ?\ d\bt80 ,matt4 xiv4 #ca4 ,9 ,matt4 xxi4 #ba1 we f9d t ! d\bt+ m9d is de/itute ( ,*ri/ian p[]2 & ! same 9 ,m>k xi4 #bc4 ,jesus1 speak+ to 8 disciples1 says to !m1 ,luke xii4 #bi1 8,nei!r be ye ( a d\btful m9d40 ,does any "o imag9e t ,luke w\ld h left any ?+ 9 8 book t he ?\ght d\btful8 ,b we f9d 9 ,rom4 xiv4 #a1 8,him t is weak 9 ! fai? receive ye1 b n to d\btful disputations40 ,?is surely ne$s no comm5t4 ,! poison ( d\bt is reject$ 9 #a ,tim4 ii4 #h2 & ! apo/le 9 ,rom4 xiv4 #bc1 says1 8,& he t d\bte? is damn$ if he eat1 because he eate? n ( fai?1 = :atsoev] is n ( fai? is s940 ,h[ awful is ! condition ( him :o %all attempt to prea* a doctr9e1 & t an important "o too1 z ! doctr9e ( ! ,bible1 ( :i* he d\bts6 ,a doctr9e 9 :i* he c h no fai?6 ,:o %all say x w\ld n be a palpable attempt to *ange ! mean+ & alt] ! s5se ( ! ,scripture f its true int]pretation8 8,ye %all n add unto ! ^w :i* ,i comm& y1 nei!r %all ye dim9i% aught f x1 t ye may keep ! comm&m5ts ( ! ,"l y\r ,god1 :i* ,i comm& y40 ,deut4 iv4 #b4 8,b !re be "s t tr\ble y1 & p]v]t ! gospel ( ,*ri/4 ,b ?\gh we1 or an angel f heav51 prea* any o!r gospel unto y ?an t :i* we h prea*$ unto y1 let him be accurs$4 ,z we said be=e1 s say we n[ aga91 if any man prea* any o!r gospel unto y ?an t ye h receiv$1 let him be accurs$40 ,gal4 #a4 #g-i4 8,i ,jesus h s5t m9e angel to te/ify unto y ^! ?+s 9 ! *ur*es4 99 99 99 ,= ,i te/ify unto e man t he>e? ! words ( ! prophecy ( ?is book1 if any man %all add unto ^? ?+s1 ,god %all add unto him ! plagues t are writt5 9 ?is book2 & if any man %all take away f ! words ( ! book ( ?is prophecy1 ,god %all take away 8 "p out or ! book ( life40 ,rev4 xxii4 #af-ai4 8,e ^w ( ,god is pure4 99 99 99 ,add n unto 8 words1 le/ he reprove !e1 & ?\ be f\nd a li>40 ,prov4 xxx4 #e-f4 ,we h n se5 ! rem>ks ( ,pr(essor ,taylor2 b we c easily imag9e t a pr(essor ( !ology1 free f ! delirium ( abolitionism1 w\ld n h f\nd x a difficult lab\r to prove t ! ma9 po9t ( ! au?or's argum5t 0 contradict$ by ,scripture1 & t ev5 he himself attempt$ to su/a9 x only by assumption4 ,we regret t ,presid5t ,wayl& has n giv5 u ,pr(essor ,taylor's rem>ks t made him 8d\bt40 ,we1 h[ev]1 w v5ture our 8rem>k0 t ! au?or's ass]tion1 8! inculcation ( ! duty ( slaves af=ds no evid5ce t ! ,scriptures c\nt5ance slav]y1 m ?an ! comm& to hon\r ! k+ au?oriz$ ! tyranny ( ,n]o10 is a comp>ison :]e !re is no p>allel4 ,dr4 ,wayl& mu/ fir/ make x appe> t all k+s1 or *ief magi/rates1 are1 necess>ily1 wick$ tyrants1 l ,n]o2 & t ! wick$ tyranny is a "p & p>cel ( ! ?+ to be hon\r$1 be=e 8 p>allel betwe5 slav]y & mon>*y c be drawn2 & s9ce1 !n1 ! d$uction w be useless1 we suppose he w n make ! attempt4 ,! p>allel t might h be5 su/a9$ is ?is3 ,! inculcation ( ! duty ( slaves to obey _! ma/]s does n au?orize ma/]s to abuse _! p[] ov] _! slaves1 any m ?an ! comm& to hon\r ! k+ au?oriz$ ! tyranny ( ,n]o2--f :i* ! d$uctions are1 t ma/]s h a "r to comm& _! slaves z ?+s 9 _! peculi> relation1 & n z ?+s hav+ a diff]5t relation4 ,! ma/] has no "r to comm& a slave1 z if ! slave /ood 9 ! relation ( a horse2 nor ev5 a horse1 z if ! horse /ood 9 ! relation ( a piece ( timb]3 s ! k+ has no "r to gov]n 8 subjects z if !y 7 idiots or brutes1 b z enlight5$ free-m51 if su* be _! condition4 ,! object ( ! gov]nm5t is ! happ9ess no m ( ! gov]nor ?an ( ! gov]n$4 ,?is pr9ciple1 s pr(usely illu/rat$ 9 ,scripture1 x w\ld seem ! abolitioni/s run to %ipwreck1 9 e approa* !y make t[>ds x4 ,!re are a class ( abolition writ]s :o nev] fail to comp>e ,/4 ,paul's in/ruction1 to live 9 ob$i5ce to ! civil au?ority1 7mak+ no exception ev5 :5 ! wor/ ( mon>*s are 9 p[]17 ) 8 in/ruction to slaves to obey _! ma/]s2 & !n say t no argum5t is to be drawn f ! latt] 9 fav\r ( slav]y1 any m ?an !re is f ! =m] 9 fav\r ( ! wick$ness ( ! ,emp]or ,n]o4 ,to "s1 ?is position may look q impos+2 :ile o!rs w associate x ) ! false position ( a wick$1 unpr9cipl$ lawy]1 :o is ambiti\s only to ga9 8 case1 & c>es n by :at falsehood1 or by :at means4 ,b x is truly mortify+ to see su* an argum5t pres5t$1 & attempt$ to be su/a9$1 by any "o :o pret5ds to be an hone/ man1 & a disciple ( ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,& we _c b reflect t su* an "o mu/ be 9 "o ( ?ree pr$icam5ts2 ei!r 9 t ( ! lawy]1 or 8 und]/&+ mu/ be s obtuse he _c reason1 or s craz$ by fanaticism z to be equally /ultifi$ 9 intellect4 ,yet ^! m5 pres5t ?is argum5t1 or position1 ) an air :i* displays ! utmo/ confid5ce ( _! hav+ obta9$ a victory1 & ( _! hav+ e/abli%$ = !mselves a l(ty intellectual "*4 ,jesus ,*ri/ & 8 apo/les ev]y:]e reprim&$ & condemn$ crime1 outrage1 & oppression1 :e!r to sup]iors1 equals1 or inf]iors4 ,yet ^! qualities ( action mu/ take _! "* f ! facts ( ! case4 ,! p>5t w feel x 8 duty to compel1 by =ce1 8 fr[>d *ild to d "r2 yet ! same action direct$ to 8 neighb\r1 or equal1 may be manife/ly wrong1 or ev5 s9ful4 ,! crimes ( mon>*s & ! crimes ( ma/]s are ev]y:]e condemn$1 z well z ! crimes ( all o!r m54 ,yet to be a mon>* or a ma/] is n[h]e condemn$1 p] se1 z a s9ful condition ( itself4 ,all hi/ory agrees t ,n]o 0 a wick$1 bad pr9ce2 he 0 wick$ & bad because 8 acts 7 wick$ & bad2 n because he 0 a pr9ce or an emp]or4 ,slaves are ord]$ to be ob$i5t to _! ma/]s4 ,is !re any "o s crazy z !re=e to suppose t ! ma/] has a "r to ov]work1 />ve1 murd]1 or o!rwise misuse 8 slave8 ,we are all comm&$ to be ob$i5t to ! civil p[]4 ,does ?is give ! *ief rul] ! "r to practise ! wick$ness ( ,n]o8 ,is !re any pro( t ,philemon murd]$1 or 0 recklessly cruel to 8 slaves8 ,:at ju/ice is !re 9 comp>+ 8 "* z only on an equality ) t ( ,n]o8 ,0 ,n]o1 ) all 8 s9s1 admitt$ into ! *ur* ( ,*ri/8 ,:]e is ! p>allel betwe5 him & ! 8belov$0 ( ! apo/le8 ,we feel au?oriz$ to affirm t ,/4 ,paul w\ld h reject$ f ! *ur* a slavehold]1 :o murd]$1 />v$1 or o!rwise maltreat$ 8 slaves1 because ^! crimes w\ld h be5 pro( ( 8 want ( ! ,*ri/ian "*4 ,! same evid5ce ( wick$ conduct w\ld h exclud$ any o!r man1 ev5 ! emp]or1 f ! *ur*2 yet1 s9ce slavehold]s1 :o _h n be5 guilty ( su* enormities1 7 admitt$ to ! *ur*1 & di/+ui%$ z 8belov$10 ?is fact becomes pro( t slavehold+ is no evid5ce ( a s9ful "*4 ,s mon>*s & emp]ors1 :o gave pro( ( ! possession ( ! ,*ri/ian "*1 7 always admissible to ! ,*ri/ian *ur*4 ,?is fact also becomes demon/ration1 t be+ a mon>* or an emp]or gave no pro(s ( a s9ful "*4 ,w ,dr4 ,wayl& und]take to prove t ! admission ( ,con/ant9e to ! ,*ri/ian *ur* gave any lic5se to ! wick$ murd]s & hateful hypocrisy ( ! ,emp]or ,phocas8 ,or w he v5ture to ext5d 8 argum5t1 & say t ! comm& ( m>ital & filial ob$i5ce proves no?+ 9 _! fav\r2 s9ce we are comm&$ to yield a l ob$i5ce to ! k+1 al?\gh t k+ be ! wick$ ,phocas8 ,! fact is1 ! m]e "* ( *ief-magi/rate1 ( husb&1 ( p>5t or slavehold]1 is q di/9ct f ! "* :i* _! acts may sev]ally heap ^u !m4 ,x is1 !re=e1 q possible = u to rev]5ce & obey ! k+1 yet hold 9 contempt ! p]son :o fills ! ?rone4 ,civil gov]nm5t1 ! relations ( p>5t & *ild1 husb& & wife1 & slav]y itself1 are all ord9ances ( ,div9e wisdom1 in/itut$ = ! b5efit ( man1 "u ! condition ( 8 fall5 /ate4 ,b because ^! relations are 9 accordance ) ! ord9ances ( ,god1 x by no means foll[s t ! abuses ( !m are s4 ,suppose ^? :o wi% to aboli% ! in/itution ( m>riage %\ld pres5t ! same argum5t 9 _! behalf :i* ,dr4 ,wayl& has 9 ?is case1 x w surely be j z legitimate 9 ! "o z ! o!r4 ,b w n ,dr4 ,wayl& readily say t !re is no p>allel betwe5 ! p>ticul> relations comp>$8 ,we d\bt n1 he w\ld consid] x too /upid to ev5 require refutation4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,x4 ,our au?or says1 z be=e quot$-- ,p4 #bji4 8,t ! precepts ( ! ,bible are diametrically oppos$ to slav]y40 ,9 pro(1 he (f]s "o precept3 8,?\ %alt love ?y neighb\r z ?yself1 & ,all ?+s :atsoev] ye w\ld t m5 %\ld d unto y1 d ye ev5 s unto !m40 ,^u :i* he says1 = argum5t-- 8#a4 ,! application ( ^! precepts is univ]sal4 ,our neighb\r is e "o :om we may b5efit4 ,! obligation respects all ?+s :atsoev]4 ,! precept1 !n1 manife/ly ext5ds to m5 z m51 or m5 9 e condition2 & if to all ?+s :atsoev]1 c]ta9ly to a ?+ s important z ! "r ( p]sonal lib]ty4 8#b4 ,aga91 by ?is precept x is made our duty to *]i% a t5d] & delicate respect = ! "r ! meane/ individual possesses ov] ! means ( happ9ess be/[$ on him by ,god1 z we *]i% = our own "r ov] our own means ( happ9ess1 or z we desire any o!r individual to *]i% = x4 ,n[1 7 ?is precept obey$1 x is manife/ t slav]y c\ld n 9 fact exi/ = a s+le in/ant4 ,! pr9ciple ( ! precept is absolutely subv]sive ( ! pr9ciple ( slav]y4 ,t ( ! "o is ! entire equality ( "r2 t ( ! o!r1 ! entire absorption ( ! rights ( "o 9 ! rights ( ! o!r40 ,we propose to make no comm5t ^u ^! argum5ts4 ,we _c d battle aga9/ phantoms4 ,b we %all take ?is gold5 rule1 :i* we mo/ dev\tly rev]5ce1 & %[ t x inculcates slav]y1 ^u a /atem5t ( facts4 ,! #bh? *apt] ( ,deut]onomy conta9s ! revelations ( bless+s & curses promis$ ! ,jews1 &1 we may add1 all mank9d1 = ob$i5ce to ! laws ( ,god1 & = disob$i5ce to ! same4 ,at ! #fh? v]se1 !y 7 told t !y %\ld aga9 be s5t to ,egypt2 or t !y %\ld be expos$ = sale2 or t !y %\ld expose !mselves = sale1 z ! passage may be read1 & t no man %\ld buy !m2 or t !re %\ld n be buy]s en\gh to give !m ! b5efit ev5 ( be+ slaves1 :]eby !y c\ld be assur$ ( protection & su/5ance4 ,?is 0 mo/ signally v]ifi$ at ! "t ,j]usalem 0 sack$ by ,titus2 & n only 9 ,egypt1 b 9 _m o!r places1 ?\s&s ( ! ,hebrew captives 7 expos$ = sale z slaves4 ,b ?\s&s ( !m1 ?us expos$1 di$ ( />vation1 because pur*as]s c\ld n be f\nd = !m4 ,! ,romans1 consid]$ !m too /ubborn1 too degrad$1 to be wor?y ( be+ slaves to !m1 refus$ to buy !m4 ,_! numb]s1 comp>$ to ! numb]s ( _! pur*as]s1 7 s great t ! price became m]ely nom9al2 & ?\s&s 7 suff]$ to die1 because pur*as]s c\ld n be _h at any price4 ,_! dea? 0 ! consequ5ce4 ,n[ let u apply ! truly gold5 rule or precept1 reli$ ^u by ,dr4 ,wayl& 9 support ( abolitionism4 ,w\ld x tea* to buy ^! slaves1 or n8 ,! same incid5t happ5$ once aga9 to all ! ,jews1 :o 7 freem5 9 ,spa91 dur+ ! reign ( ,f]d9& & ,isabella1 :5 #hjj1jjj ,jews 7 driv5 f t k+dom 9 "o day2 va/ multitudes ( :om fami%$ to dea? because1 al?\gh anxi\s to d s1 !y c\ld n f9d = !mselves ev5 a ma/]6 ,let u ask1 :at w\ld ! precept tea* 9 ?is case8 ,nor has su* a peculi> relation ( facts be5 conf9$ to ! ,jews alone4 ,9 #acgf1 ! ,flor5t9es1 !n a travell+1 trad+1 or comm]cial p1 b 9 _m in/ances q =getful ( ! rules ( ,*ri/ian hone/y1 became exce$+ly obnoxi\s to _! neighb\rs1 especially to ! subjects ( ! *ur* ( ,rome4 ,to _m ( !m1 murd] & robb]y became a m]e pa/ime4 ,f individuals ! moral poison 0 communicat$ to _! gov]nm5t4 ,! *ur* 0 despoil$ ( h] patrimony1 h] subjects ( _! homes4 ,! *ur* remon/rat$ until pati5ce 0 exhau/$1 :5 ,gregory ,,xi4 issu$ 8 papal bull1 deliv]+ ea* individual ( t nation1 9 all p>ts ( ! e>?1 :o did n in/antly make rep>ation1 up to pillage1 slav]y1 or dea?4 ,let u notice h[ ,wals+ham witness$ ?is matt] 9 ,engl&1 :]e a l>ge portion ( ! trad]s 7 ( t p1 all liable1 if freem51 to be put to dea? by any "o :o might *oose to inflict ! puni%m5t2 & _! effects 7 legally es*eat$ to :omsoev] might seize !m4 ,slav]y 0 _! only rem$y4 ,! ,anglo-,saxon ,normans1 ! natives ( ! realm1 _h n yet1 z a p1 suffici5tly em]g$ f ! pov]ty & d>kness ( ! times to give !m protection4 ,?is1 to u s /range a relation betwe5 ! *ur* & civil gov]nm5t1 9 reg>d to ! ,flor5t9es1 produc$ an action on ! "p ( ! k+ by :i* he became _! p]sonal ma/]4 ,?us !y became slaves1 n ( ! cr[n1 b ( ! individual :o sat ^u ! ?rone4 ,did he act 9 con=mity to ?is precept or n8 ,john & ,ri*>d ,l&] 7 s5t by ! 8,london ,african ,association0 to explore "s p>ts ( ,africa4 ,on ! #bd? ( ,m>*1 #ahcj1 !y 7 only "o half day's travel f ! seacoa/1 at :i* po9t !y say1 vol4 i4 p4 #eh3 8,meantime ! ra9y season is fa/ approa*+1 z is suffici5tly ann\nc$ by repeat$ %[]s & occasional tornadoes2 &1 :at makes u /ill m desir\s to leave ?is abom9able place1 is ! fact1 z we h be5 told1 t a sacrifice ( no less ?an ?ree hundr$ human be+s1 ( bo? sexes & all ages1 is ab\t to take place4 ,we (t5 he> ! cries ( ^! poor creatures2 & ! he>t sick5s ) horror at ! b>e contemplation ( su* a sc5e z awaits u1 %\ld we rema9 "h mu* long]40 ,x is to be regrett$ t s9ce ! abolition ( ! slave-trade 9 ,africa1 slaves h become ( little value 9 t c\ntry4 ,t ! ,africans 9 _m places h return$ to sacrifice & cannibalism1 is also true1 & a cause ( deep sorr[ to ! philan?ropi/2 b1 consid]+ ! /ate & condition ( ^! savages1 !re is no alt]native2--! slave !re1 if he _c be sold1 is at all times liable to be put to dea?4 ,suppose y buy1 & !n turn !m loose !re2 !y w aga9 & in/antly be ! subjects ( slav]y2 & ev5 !re1 slav]y is "s protection1 =1 s long z ! savage ma/] *ooses or is able to keep 8 slave alive1 he is m sure ( ! usual means ( liv+4 ,b1 let u pres5t ?is /ate ( facts to ! ,*ri/ian1 & ask him to apply ! gold5 rule2 &1 9 case ! slave-trade ) ,africa _h n n[ be5 aboli%$1 :at w\ld he deem x 8 duty to d = ! practical & la/+ b5efit ( ^! poor victims1 :om ! sympa?y ( ! _w has ?us consign$ to sacrifice & dea?8 ,! p ( ! ,slave ,/ates h det]m9$ n to c\nt5ance amalgamation ) ! slave race2 !y h det]m9$ n to set ! slaves free1 because !y h previ\sly resolv$ t !y w n1 _c live "u ! gov]nm5t ( ! negro4 ,9 full view ( ^! evils1 !y h resolv$ t !y w n suff] ! pres5ce ( t race 9 _! community1 on t]ms ( political or social equality4 ,!y h1 !re=e1 fur!r resolv$1 9 fur!rance ( its prev5tion1 to oppose x :ile life %all la/4 ,n[1 ,dr4 ,wayl& says-- ,p4 #bae4 8,! slaves 7 br\ght "h )\t _! own cons5t2 !y h be5 cont9u$ 9 _! pres5t /ate ( degradation )\t _! own cons5t1 & !y are n responsible = ! consequ5ces4 ,if a man h done inju/ice to 8 neighb\r1 & h also plac$ imp$im5ts 9 ! way ( rem$y+ t inju/ice1 he is z mu* "u obligations to remove ! imp$im5ts 9 ! way ( ju/ice z he is to d ju/ice40 ,! ance/ors ( our slaves 7 br\ght f beyond sea by ! p ( ,old ,engl&1 & by ! p ( ,new ,engl&1 & p>ticul>ly by ! p ( ,rhode ,isl&1 among ! desc5dants ( :om ! rev]5d doctor resides4 ,! ance/ors ( ^! slaves 7 sold to our ance/ors = money1 & gu>ante$1 by !m1 to be slaves = life1 & _! desc5dants aft] !m1 z !y said1 bo? by ! laws ( ,god & man4 ,:e!r ?is 0 false1 :e!r !y 7 /ol5 & cruelly torn f _! homes1 ! rev]5d doctor has bett] means ( det]m9+ ?an we4 ,we may sell1 we w n free !m4 ,"u ?is /atem5t ( facts1 let ! rev]5d doctor apply ! gold5 rule & 8 own argum5t to himself4 ,let him !n buy1 & set !m free 9 ,rhode ,isl&2 or s5d !m to ,africa1 if _! ance/ors 87 unlawfully torn f !nce40 8,wo unto y1 scribes & ph>isees1 hypocrites6 because ye build ! tombs ( ! prophets1 & g>ni% ! sepul*res ( ! righte\s1 & say1 ,if we _h be5 9 ! days ( our fa!rs1 we %\ld n h be5 p>tak]s ) !m 9 ! blood ( ! prophets4 ,:]e=e1 ye be witness unto y\rselves1 t ye are ! *ildr5 ( !m t kill$ ! prophets40 ,matt4 xxiii4 #bi1 #cj1 #ca4 8,= !y b9d heavy burd5s1 & griev\s to be borne1 & lay !m on m5's %\ld]s2 b !y !mselves w n move !m ) "o ( _! f+]s40 ,idem4 #d4 ,)9 ! la/ ye>1 our sympa?ies h be5 excit$ by an acc\nt n[ publi%$ to ! _w1 ( an ,african *iefta9 & slavehold]1 :o1 dur+ ! ye> previ\s1 f9d+ himself cut (f f a m>ket on ! ,we/]n coa/1 9 consequ5ce ( ! abolition ( ! slave-trade ) ,europe & ,am]ica1--! trade ) ,arabia1 ,egypt1 & ! ,b>b>y ,/ates n be+ suffici5t to dra9 (f ! surplus numb]1--put to dea? ?ree ?\s&6 ,! blood ( ^! massacr$ negroes n[ cries f ! gr\nd unto ,dr4 ,wayl& & 8 disciples-- 8,apply1 oh1 apply to ble$+ ,africa ! doctr9e ( ! gold5 rule1 & relieve u1 poor ,african slaves1 f />vation1 massacre1 & dea?4 ,come1 oh1 come2 buy u1 t we may be y\r slaves1 & h "s *ance to le>n t religion "u :i* y prosp]4 ,!n #8we %all build up ! old wa/es'--#8raise up ! =m] desolations1' & #8repair ! wa/e cities1 ! desolations ( _m g5]ations4' #8,& /rang]s %all /& & fe$ y\r flocks1 & ! sons ( ! ali5 %all be y\r pl\ghm51 & y\r v9e-dress]s4' #8,!n ye %all be nam$ ! prie/s ( ! ,"l2 m5 %all call y ! m9i/]s ( our ,god4'0 ,isa4 lxi4 #d1 #e1 #f4 ,we %all "h close our rem>ks on ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,wayl&'s book2 & h[ev] feeble !y may be1 yet we c consci5ti\sly say1 we h no 8d\bt0 ab\t ! tru? ( our doctr9e4 8,=ev]1 ,o ,"l1 ?y ^w is settl$ 9 heav54 ,?y fai?fulness is unto all g5]ations2 ?\ ha/ e/abli%$ ! e>?1 & x abide?4 ,!y cont9ue1 ?is day1 accord+ to ?9e ord9ances2 = all are ?y s]vants10 7 eb$eka1 slaves47 cxix4 #hi1 #ij1 #ia4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xi4 ,among ^? :o h advocat$ views adv]se to ^? ( our pres5t /udy1 we are compell$ to notice ,dr4 ,paley1 z "o ( ! mo/ influ5tial1 ! mo/ dignifi$1 & ! mo/ le>n$4 ,he def9es slav]y to be 8an obligation to lab\r = ! b5efit ( ! ma/]1 )\t ! contract or cons5t ( ! s]vant40 ,he says 8t ?is obligation may arise1 consi/5tly ) ! laws ( nature1 f ?ree causes3 #a/1 f crimes2 #b;d1 f captivity2 & #c;d1 f debt40 ,he says t1 89 ! fir/ case1 ! cont9uance ( ! slav]y1 z ( any o!r puni%m5t1 ought to be proportionate to ! crime4 ,9 ! second & ?ird cases1 x ought to cease z soon z ! dem& ( ! injur$ nation or private cr$itor is satisfi$40 ,he 0 among ! fir/ to oppose ! ,african slave-trade4 ,he says1 8,because1 :5 ! slaves 7 br\ght to ! ,african slave-m>ket1 no que/ions 7 ask$ z to ! orig9 ( ! v5dors' titles3 ,because ! natives 7 incit$ to w> = ! sake ( supply+ ! m>ket ) slaves3 ,because ! slaves 7 torn away f _! p>5ts1 wives1 *ildr51 & fri5ds1 homes1 companions1 c\ntry1 fields1 & flocks1 & _! accommodation on %ipbo>d n bett] ?an t provid$ = brutes3 ,because ! sy/em ( laws by :i* !y are gov]n$ is m]ciless & cruel1 & is ex]cis$1 especially by _! ,engli% ma/]s1 ) rig\r & brutality40 ,b he ?9ks ! ,am]ican ,revolution1 :i* _h j !n happ5$1 w h a t5d5cy to accel]ate ! fall ( ?is mo/ abom9able tyranny1 & indulges 9 ! reflection :e!r1 9 ! provid5ce ( ,god1 ! ,briti% legislature1 :i* _h s long assi/$ & support$ x1 0 fit to h rule ov] s ext5sive an empire z ! ,nor? ,am]ican colonies4 ,dr4 ,paley says t slav]y 0 a "p ( ! civil con/itution ( mo/ c\ntries :5 ,*ri/ianity appe>$2 & t no passage is f\nd 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,scriptures by :i* x is condemn$ or prohibit$4 ,b he ?9ks ! reason to be1 because 8,*ri/ianity1 solicit+ admission into all nations ( ! _w1 ab/a9$1 z behoov$ x1 f int]m$dl+ ) ! civil in/itutions ( any2 b10 says he1 8does x foll[ f ! sil5ce ( ,scripture conc]n+ !m1 t all ! civil in/itutions t !n prevail$ 7 "r8 or1 t ! bad %\ld n be ex*ang$ = bett]8 ,besides10 he says1 8! dis*>g+ ! slaves f all obligations to _! ma/]s w\ld h _h no bett] effect ?an to let loose "o half ( mank9d ^u ! o!r4 ,besides10 he ?9ks 8x w\ld h produc$ a s]vile w>1 :i* w\ld h end$ 9 ! reproa* & ext9ction ( ! ,*ri/ian "n40 ,dr4 ,paley ?9ks t ! emancipation ( slaves %\ld be c>ri$ on v gradually1 by provision ( law1 "u ! protection ( gov]nm5t2 & t ,*ri/ianity %\ld op]ate z an alt]ative1 9 :i* way1 he ?9ks1 x has ext+ui%$ ! ,greek & ,roman slav]y1 & also ! feudal tyranny2 & he tru/s1 8z ,*ri/ianity advances 9 ! _w1 x w bani% :at rema9s ( ?is odi\s in/itution40 ,9 "s ( 8 o!r writ+s1 ,dr4 ,paley sugge/s t ,great ,brita91 by way ( aton+ = ! wrongs %e has done ,africa1 ought to transport f ,am]ica free negroes1 ! desc5dants ( slaves1 & give !m location 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,africa1 to s]ve z models = ! civilization ( t c\ntry4 ,dr4 ,paley's ,treatise on ,moral & ,political ,philosophy1 f :i* ! =ego+ synopsis is tak51 0 publi%$ to ! _w 9 #aghe2 b x _h be5 deliv]$ 9 lectures1 almo/ v]batim1 be=e ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge1 sev]al ye>s previ\s2 & x is n[ a class-book 9 almo/ e high lit]>y in/itution :]e ! ,engli% language is spok54 ,x is1 !re=e1 a "w ( high au?ority & great influ5ce4 ,b we ?9k 8 def9ition ( ! t]m slav]y is n correct4 ,let u repeat x3 8,an obligation to lab\r = ! b5efit ( ! ma/]1 )\t ! contract or cons5t ( ! s]vant40 ,_m1 :o pur*ase slaves to be reta9$ 9 _! own families1 fir/ exam9e & consult ) ! slave1 & tell him--8,my bus9ess is ?us2 ,i fe$ & clo! ?us2 are y will+ t ,i %\ld buy y8 ,= ,i w buy no slave :o is n will+40 ,to ?is1 x is usual = ! slave to say1 8,yes1 ma/]6 & ,i hope y w buy me4 ,i w be a good slave4 ,y %all h no fault to f9d ) me1 or my "w40 ,by all ! claims ( morality1 "h is a contract & cons5t1 & ! /atute might make x legal4 ,b :o w say t ! condition ( slav]y is alt]$ !reby8 ,b1 says "o1 ?is supposition does n rea* ! case1 because all ! obligations & conditions ( slav]y previ\sly exi/$2 &1 !re=e1 ! 8contract0 & 8cons5t0 "h only am\nt$ to a contract & cons5t to *ange ma/]s4 ,suppose !n1 f pov]ty or mis=tune1 or "s peculi> affection ( ! m9d1 a freeman %\ld solicit to place himself 9 ! condition ( slav]y to "o 9 :om he _h suffici5t confid5ce1 7& we h kn[n su* a case17--a freeman anxi\sly apply+ to 8 m =tunate fri5d to ent] into su* an engagem5t = life2 suppose ! law _h sanction$ su* volunt>y slav]y1 &1 :5 ent]$ into1 made x obligatory1 b9d+1 & f9al = ev]4 ,!re w\ld be no?+ 9 su* law contr>y to ! g5]al p[]s ( legislation1 h[ev] impolitic x might be2 & su* a law did once exi/ among ! ,jews4 8,& if a soj\rn] or a /rang] wax ri* by !e1 & ?y bro!r t dwelle? by him wax poor1 & sell himself unto ! /rang] or soj\rn] by !e1 or to ! /ock ( ! /rang]'s family2 aft] t he is sold1 he may be r$eem$ aga92 & "o ( 8 bre?r5 may r$eem him4 ,ei!r 8 uncle or 8 uncle's son may r$eem him1 or any t is nigh ( k9 unto 8 family may r$eem him2 or1 if he be able1 he may r$eem himself3 99 99 99 & if he be n r$eem$ 9 "o ( ^! ye>s1--!n he %all g out 9 ! ye> ( ,jubilee1 bo? he & 8 *ildr5 ) him40 ,lev4 xxv4 #dg-ed4 8,n[ ^! are ! judgm5ts :i* ye %all set be=e !m4 ,if ye buy an ,hebrew s]vant1 six ye>s %all he s]ve1 & 9 ! sev5? he %all g out free = no?+4 ,if he came 9 by himself1 he %all g out by himself2 if he 7 m>ri$1 !n 8 wife %all g out ) him4 ,if 8 ma/] h giv5 him a wife1 & %e h borne him sons or daught]s1 ! wife & h] *ildr5 %all be h] ma/]'s1 & he %all g out by himself2 & if ! s]vant %all pla9ly say1 #8,i love my ma/]1 my wife1 & my *ildr52 ,i w n g out free1'--!n 8 ma/] %all br+ him unto ! judges2 he %all br+ him unto ! door1 or unto ! door-po/1 & 8 ma/] %all bore 8 e> ?r\gh ) an awl1 & he %all s]ve him = ev]40 ,ex4 xxi4 #a-f4 ,x is cle>1 !n1 t 8to contract & cons5t10 or ! rev]se1 is no "p ( ! qualities ( slav]y4 ,erase1 !n1 t portion ( ,dr4 ,paley's def9ition z surplusage2 x w !n read1 8an obligation to lab\r = ! b5efit ( ! ma/]40 ,n[1 !re c be no obligation to d a ?+ :]e !re is no possible p[] to d x2 & m especially1 if !re is no contract4 ,b x does n unfrequ5tly occur1 t a slave1 f its infancy1 old age1 idiocy1 delirium1 disease1 or o!r infirmity1 has no p[] to lab\r = ! b5efit ( ! ma/]2 & ! want ( su* ability may be obvi\sly z p]man5t z life1 s z to exclude ! idea ( any prospective b5efit4 ,yet ! law compels ! ma/] to supply food1 clo!s1 m$ic9e1 pay taxes on1 & e way suitably protect su* slave1 greatly to ! disadvantage ( ! ma/]4 ,or1 a case might be1 = x is presumable1 t ! ma/]1 f "s obliqu5ess ( und]/&+1 might n wi% "s slave1 ev5 9 good heal?1 to lab\r at all1 b w\ld pref]1 at great exp5se1 to ma9ta9 su* slave 9 luxury & idl5ess1 clo!d 9 purple & f9e l951 & f>+ sumptu\sly e day3 surely1 su* slave1 w\ld be "u no obligation to lab\r = ! b5efit ( ! ma/]1 :51 to d s1 w\ld be act+ contr>y to 8 w & comm&4 ,yet none ( ^! circum/ances make ! slave a freeman1 or alt] at all ! ess5tials ( slav]y4 ,! slave1 !n1 may or may n be "u obligation to lab\r = ! b5efit ( ! ma/]4 ,!re=e1 ! 8obligation to lab\r = ! b5efit ( ! ma/]0 is surplusage also1 & may be eras$4 ,s ! entire def9ition is eras$--n a ^w left6 ,! fact is1 ,dr4 ,paley took "s ( ! mo/ common incid5ts accompany+ ! ?+ = ! ?+ itself2 & he w\ld h be5 j z logically correct _h he said1 t 8slav]y 0 to be a he>ty fe$] on fat pork10 because slaves fe$ he>tily on t article4 ,9 8 def9ition ,dr4 ,paley has embrac$ none ( ! ess5tials ( slav]y4 ,we propose to notice ! passage--8,?is obligation may arise1 consi/5tly ) ! laws ( nature1 f ?ree causes3 #a/1 f crime2 #b;d1 f captivity2 #c;d1 f debt40 ,! fir/ consid]ation is1 :at he means by 8obligation40 ,9 its usual acceptation1 ! t]m means some?+ t has gr[n out ( a previ\s condition1 z ! obligations ( m>riage did n1 nor c\ld !y exi/ until ! m>riage 0 _h4 ,if he only means t ! 8obligations0 ( slav]y arise1 c41 !n he has told u no?+ ( ! aris+ ( slav]y itself4 ,b z he has us$ ! ^w 9 ! s+ul> numb]1 & giv5 x ?ree prog5itors1 we may suppose1 t1 by "s figure ( rhetoric1 n usual 9 works ( ?is k9d1 he has us$ ! consequ5t = ! cause4 ,9 t case1 ! s5t5ce %\ld read1 8,slav]y may arise1 consi/5tly ) ! laws ( nature1 f ?ree causes10 c42 :i* is :at we suppose ! doctor really meant4 ,! next inquiry is1 :at did ,dr4 ,paley mean by 8! laws ( nature80 ,p]mit u to suff] him to answ] ?is inquiry himself4 ,9 ! tw5ty-f\r? *apt] ( 8 8,natural ,!ology10 a "w ( great m]it1 he says-- 8,! wisdom ( ! ,deity1 z te/ifi$ 9 ! works ( creation1 surpasses all idea we h ( wisdom drawn f ! highe/ intellectual op]ations ( ! highe/ class ( intellig5t be+s ) :om we are acqua9t$4 99 99 99 ,! degree ( k & p[] requisite = ! =mation ( creat$ nature _c1 ) respect to u1 be di/+ui%$ f inf9ite4 ,! ,div9e omnipres5ce /&s 9 natural !ology ^u ?is f\ndation4 ,9 e "p & place ( ! univ]se1 ) :i* we are acqua9t$1 we p]ceive ! ex]tion ( a p[] :i* we believe m$iately or imm$iately to proce$ f ! ,deity4 ,= in/ance1 9 :at "p or po9t ( space1 t has ev] be5 explor$1 d we n discov] attraction8 ,9 :at regions d we n discov] light8 ,9 :at accessible portion ( our globe d we n meet ) gravitation1 magnetism1 electricity8 toge!r ) ! prop]ties1 also1 & p[]s ( organiz$ sub/ances1 ( vegetable or animat$1 nature8 ,nay1 fur!r we may ask1 :at k+dom is !re ( nature1 :at corn] ( space1 9 :i* !re is any ?+ t c be exam9$ by u1 :]e we d n fall ^u contrivance & design8 ,! only reflection1 p]haps1 :i* arises 9 our m9ds f ?is view ( ! _w ar\nd u1 is t ! laws ( nature ev]y:]e prevail2 t !y are uni=m & univ]sal4 ,b :at d we mean by ! laws ( nature8 or by any law8 ,effects are produc$ by p[]1 n by law2 a law _c execute itself2 a law ref]s to an ag5t40 ,by ! 8laws ( nature10 !n1 ,dr4 ,paley cle>ly means ! laws ( ,god4 ,n[ be pleas$ to look at ! close ( ,dr4 ,paley's rem>ks on slav]y1 :]e he tru/s t1 8z ,*ri/ianity advances 9 ! _w1 x w bani% :at rema9s ( t odi\s in/itution40 ,h[ happ5s x t an in/itution :i* arises consi/5tly ) ! laws ( ,god %\ld be odi\s to him1 unless ! laws ( ,god & ,dr4 ,paley are at v>iance on ?is subject8 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xii4 ,x w be recollect$1 t ,dr4 ,paley has pres5t$ a numb] ( facts1 display+ acts ( oppression & cruelty1 z argum5ts aga9/ ! ,african slave-trade4 ,^! facts are arrang$ & us$ 9 place z argum5ts aga9/ ! in/itution ( slav]y itself2 & ! v]bose oppon5ts ( ?is in/itution h always s und]/ood x1 & s us$ ?is class ( facts4 ,x is ?is circum/ance t calls = our pres5t view ( ^! facts1 r ?an any necessity ! facts !mselves impose ( prov+ _! exagg]ation or imag9>y exi/5ce2 & d\btless1 9 _m cases1 mo/ he>tless enormities 7 committ$4 ,b :at d !y all prove8 ,truly1 t "s m5 engag$ 9 ! traffic 7 exce$+ly wick$ m54 ,su* m5 w\ld fa%ion ! traffic to suit !mselves1 & w\ld1 d\btless1 make _! bus9ess an exce$+ly wick$ "o4 ,b none ( ! enormities nam$1 or t c\ld be nam$1 con/itut$ a necess>y "p ( ! in/itution ( slav]y1 or necess>ily emanat$ f x4 ,:at enormities h wick$ m5 sometimes committ$ 9 ! transportation ( emigrants f ,g]many & ,irel&8 ,wick$ m51 intru/$ ) p[]1 h1 at lea/ sometimes1 be5 f\nd to abuse x4 ,is x any argum5t aga9/ ! in/itution ( m>riage1 because "s wom5 h made _! husb&s support & educate *ildr5 n _! own8 ,or1 because "s m5 murd]1 treat ) cruelty1 or make _! wives totally mis]able & wret*$8 ,none ( ^! ?+s 7 any "p ( ! in/itution ( m>riage1 b ! rev]se ( x4 ,apply ?is view also to ! in/itution ( ,*ri/ianity1 = no?+ has be5 m abus$4 ,already1 "u its v bann]s1 z x 71 h be5 committ$ m enormities ?an w\ld probably att5d t ( slav]y ?r\gh all "t4 ,yet ! in/itution ( ,*ri/ianity has n be5 ev5 soil$ !reby2 b its "* & usefulness h become bright] & m visible4 ,9 proportion to ! importance ( a ?+ is its liability to abuse4 ,a wor?less ?+ is n wor? a c\nt]feit4 ,we h be=e u ! te/imony ( travell]s 9 reg>d to ! indiff]5ce felt by ! ,africans on be+ sold z slaves2 ( _! palpable want ( love & affection = _! c\ntry1 _! relatives1 & ev5 = _! wives & *ildr54 ,nor %\ld we =get t a l>ge portion ( ?is race are born slaves to ! *iefta9s1 ^: w>s ) ea* o!r are m]e excursions ( robb]y & !ft4 ,l&]1 vol4 i4 p4 #ajg1 speak+ ( ,j5na1 says-- 8,x mu/ n be imag9$ t because ! p ( ?is c\ntry are almo/ p]petually engag$ 9 conflicts ) _! neighb\rs1 ! slaught] ( human be+s is !re=e v great4 ,!y pursue w>1 z x is call$1 p>tly z an amusem5t1 or to keep _! h&s 9 x2 & p>tly to b5efit !mselves by ! capture ( slaves40 ,"o decrepit old woman 0 ! victim ( a hundr$ engagem5ts1 at ,cape ,la ,hoo1 dur+ a ?ree ye>s' w>4 ,l&] describes ^? :o claim to be free1 z ! w> m5 ( ! pa?1 :o are robb]s4 ,he says1 p4 #ade1 8!y subsi/ solely by pillage & rap9e40 ,su* is ! condition ( ! poor free negro 9 ,africa4 ,! *iefta9 (t51 x is true1 has goats1 %eep1 fields ( corn & rice2 b we mi/ake :5 we suppose t ! slaves1 ! surplus ( :om 7 =m]ly s5t to m>ket1 7 ! proprietors ( su* prop]ty4 ,at ,katunqua1 p4 #agi1 ,l&] describes ! food to be 8su* z liz>ds1 rats1 locu/s1 & cat]pill>s1 :i* ! natives roa/1 grill1 bake1 & boil40 ,no p fe$ on su* v]m9 :o possess fields & flocks4 ,we c =m "s notion ( _! companion%ip1 f p4 #aaj3 8,x is ! cu/om "h1 :5 ! gov]nor dies1 = two ( 8 fav\rite wives to quit ! _w on ! same day20 b 9 ?is case !y ran & hid !mselves4 ,also1 p4 #ahb3 8,?is morn+ a "y man visit$ u1 ) a c\nt5ance s rueful1 & spoke 9 a tone s l[ & melan*oly1 t we 7 desir\s to le>n :at evil _h befall5 him4 ,! cause ( x 0 soon expla9$ by 8 in=m+ u t he w\ld be doom$ to die1 ) two companions1 z soon z ! gov]nor's dissolution %\ld take place40 ,!re is little or no discrepancy among travell]s 9 _! descriptions ( ! ,africans4 ,_! /ate ( society mu/ h be5 well kn[n to ,paley2 yet ,paley gives u a picture ( _! /ate ( society f imag9ation1 f\nd$ ^u t /ate ( society ) :i* 8 pupils 7 conv]sant3 8,because ! slaves 7 torn away f _! p>5ts1 wives1 *ildr51 & fri5ds1 homes1 companions1 c\ntry1 fields1 & flocks40 ,if ! picture drawn by ,paley 7 ! lone consid]ation address$ to our commis]ation 9 ! argum5t aga9/ slav]y z a ,div9e in/itution ( m]cy1 we %\ld1 p]haps1 be at "s loss to det]m9e :at am\nt 0 due f u to ! ,african slave1 :o _h ?us be5 torn f ! dang] ( be+ put to dea?6--?us torn f 8 fields ( liz>ds & locu/s1 & flocks ( cat]pill>s6 ,b :at %all we ?9k ( an argum5t1 f\nd$ on relations 9 ,engl&1 b appli$ to ,africa1 :]e no su* relations exi/8 ,x is a rule to hesitate z to ! tru?fulness ( all t is /at$1 :5 ! witness is discov]$ to be "u ! influ5ce ( a prejudice s deeply seat$ z to mislead ! m9d1 & especially :5 we discov] a portion ( ! /at$ facts to be ei!r n true or misappli$4 ,! reasons assign$ by ,dr4 ,paley :y ! ,*ri/ian ,scriptures did n prohibit & condemn slav]y1 we deem also q errone\s3--8,= ,*ri/ianity1 solicit+ admission into all nations ( ! _w1 ab/a9$1 z behoov$ x1 f int]m$dl+ ) ! civil in/itutions ( any20 & !n asks1 ) an air ( triumph1 8,b does x foll[ f ! sil5ce ( ,scripture conc]n+ !m1 t all ! civil in/itutions t prevail$ 7 "r8 or t ! bad %\ld n be ex*ang$ = bett]80 ,we wi% to call p>ticul> att5tion to ?is passage1 =1 ev5 aft] hav+ exam9$ ! books ( ! ,greek philosoph]s1 we are con/ra9$ to say we h nev] se5 a m beautiful sophism4 ,is x a fact1 !n1 t ,jesus ,*ri/ & 8 apo/les did compromise & comp\nd ) s91 z ,dr4 ,paley ?9ks x behoov$ !m1 & ) ! design to avoid opposition to ! introduction ( ,*ri/ianity8 ,say1 ?\ humble foll[] ( ! l[ly ,jesus1 art ?\ ready to lay d[n ?y life = ,him :o c\ld truckle to s9--to a gross1 an abom9able s91 :i* alone w\ld de/roy ! purity ( 8 "* & ! div9ity ( 8 doctr9e8 ,9 all love1 we pray ,him :o holds y\r v brea? 9 8 h&1 to cause y to tremble1 be=e y %all say t ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 a li>1 & 8 apo/les p]jur$6 8,i am ! true v9e2 & my ,fa!r is ! husb&man 99 99 99 z ! ,fa!r ha? lov$ me1 s h ,i lov$ y2 cont9ue ye 9 my love4 ,great] love ha? no man ?an ?is1 t a man lay d[n 8 life = 8 fri5ds4 ,ye are my fri5ds if ye d :atsoev] ,i comm& y4 ,h5ce=? ,i call y n s]vants1 = ! s]vant kn[e? n :at 8 ,"l doe?2 b ,i h call$ y fri5ds2 = ,,all ,,?+s t ,i h he>d ( my ,fa!r1 ,i h made kn[n unto y40 ,john xv4 #a1 #i1 #ac1 #ae4 8,& :5 !y 7 come to him1 he said unto !m2 ye "k1 f ! fir/ day t ,i came into ,asia1 aft] :at mann] ,i h be5 ) y1 at all seasons1 s]v+ ! ,"l ) all humility ( m9d1 & ) _m te>s & temptations1 :i* befell me by ! ly+ 9 wait ( ! ,jews4 ,& h[ ,i kept back no?+ t 0 pr(itable unto y2 b h %[$ y1 & h taught y publicly & f h\se to h\se4 ,:]e=e1 ,i take y to record ?is day1 t ,i am pure f ! blood ( all m54 ,= ,i h n %unn$ to decl>e unto y ,,all ,,! ,,c\nsel ,,( ,,god40 ,acts xx4 ,_h ,/4 ,paul =ese5 ! attack ^u 8 "*1 made by ,dr4 ,paley1 sev5te5 hundr$ & eighty-five ye>s aft]1 & t ^u 8 ,ma/] & _! religion1 he ne$ n h alt]$ 8 language to h repell$ ! sl&]4 8,simon ,pet]1 a s]vant & apo/le ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 to !m t h obta9$ l preci\s fai? ) u1 ?r\gh ! righte\sness ( ,god & ( our ,savi\r ,jesus ,*ri/3 grace & peace be multipli$ unto y1 ?r\gh ! k ( ,god & ( ,jesus ,*ri/ our ,"l1 accord+ z 8 div9e p[] ha? giv5 unto u ,,all ,,?+s ,,t ,,p]ta9 ,,unto ,,life ,,& ,,godl9ess1 ?r\gh ! k ( him t ha? call$ u to glory & virtue40 #b ,pet4 i4 #a1 #b1 #c4 ,& :at says ?is holy man1--:at says ?is same ,pet]1 t\*+ ! subject ( ,dr4 ,paley's rem>ks8 8,s]vants1 be subject to y\r ma/]s ) all fe>2 n only to ! good & g5tle1 b also to ! fr[>d1 99 99 99 = h]eunto 7 ye call$40 #a ,pet4 ii4 #ah-ba4 ,p]mit u to inquire :e!r ! language ( ,jesus ,*ri/ himself1 ( ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,pet]1 does n1 9 a /rong degree1 contradict ! supposition ( ,dr4 ,paley8 ,& let u inquire :e!r x is probable t a class ( m51 devot$ to ! promulgation ( a doctr9e :i* ran s c\nt] to _m ( ! civil in/itutions1 cu/oms1 habits1 & religions !n 9 ! _w1 z to h subject$ !m to dea?1 w\ld h secretly kept back a "p ( _! cre$1 :51 to h made x kn[n1 c\ld n h increas$ _! dang]2 &1 especially1 z by ! cre$ itself1 su* keep+ back w\ld h insur$ to !m ! et]nal puni%m5t h]eaft]8 8,n[ we h receiv$1 n ! _s ( ! _w1 b ! _s :i* is ( ,god3 t we might "k ! ?+s t are freely giv5 to u ( ,god2 :i* ?+s we also speak1 n 9 ! words :i* man's wisdom tea*e?1 b :i* ! ,holy ,gho/ tea*e?40 #a ,cor4 ii4 #ab1 #ac4 8,& ,jesus came & spake unto !m1 say+ all p[] is giv5 unto me 9 heav5 & 9 e>?4 ,g ye1 !re=e1 & tea* all nations1 baptiz+ !m 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 & ( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 tea*+ !m to obs]ve ,,all ,,?+s :atsoev] ,i h comm&$ y2 & lo1 ,i am ) y alway1 ev5 unto ! end ( ! _w40 ,matt4 xxviii4 #ah-bj4 8,& n[1 ,o ,fa!r1 glorify ?\ me1 ) ?9e own self1 ) ! glory :i* ,i _h ) !e be=e ! _w 04 ,i h manife/$ ?y "n unto ! m5 :i* ?\ gave/ me out ( ! _w4 ,n[ !y h kn[n ,,all ,,?+s :atsoev] ?\ ha/ giv5 me ( !e3 = ,i h giv5 unto !m ! ,,words :i* ?\ gave/ me1 & !y h receiv$ !m1 & h kn[n surely t ,i came out f !e40 ,john xvii4 #e-h4 ,x is n possible t we c\ld h _h great] evid5ce t ! :ole c\nsel ( ,god1 illu/rat+ ! ,*ri/ian duty1 0 deliv]$ to ! apo/les1 & ?r\gh !m1 to ! _w4 ,besides1 ! v presumption ( ! incomplet5ess ( ! in/ruction und]m9es ! div9ity ( ! doctr9e4 ,!re is1 p]haps1 no "o :o does n feel pa91 sometimes almo/ unspeakable1 :5 we see a great man lean+ ^u ! /aff ( error1 especially :5 su* error is palpable1 gross1 & calamit\s 9 its t5d5cy & effects4 ,b1 *e]+ z ! e>ly ray ( hope1 & welcome z ! re/-giv+ witness ( a cov5ant1 w be ! pro( t human weakness /ill _h p[] to wade f out ! miry labyr9? ( error--to /& ^u ! rock f :5ce ev5 human eyes might behold "s few glimpses ( ! ris+ effulg5ce ( tru?4 ,we h "s evid5ce t ,dr4 ,paley did1 at a lat] p]iod ( 8 life1 adopt a m consi/5t view ( ! ,*ri/ian ,scriptures1 t\*+ ! subject ( ?is inquiry4 ,9 8 8,hor ,paul910 a "w ( exce$+ great m]it1 on ! subject ( ,paul's lett] to ! ,cor9?ian *ur*1 he enum]ates & classifies ! subjects ( ,paul's in/ruction1 among :i* slav]y is conspicu\sly m5tion$1 & !n says--8,t ?\gh !y0 7! subjects7 8be exactly agreeable to ! circum/ances ( ! p]sons to :om ! lett] 0 writt51 no?+1 ,i believe1 b ! exi/5ce & reality ( ! circum/ances0 7subjects7 8c\ld h sugge/$ !m to ! writ]'s ?\ght40 ,9 all ,*ri/ian love & *>ity1 we are con/ra9$ to believe t he _h discov]$ 8 error2 & t1 _h 8 life be5 sp>$ long]1 he1 ) dilig5ce & anxiety1 w\ld h expung$ f 8 works *>ges s reflect+ on himself1 & contr>y to ! "* ( ! ,god ( our hope4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xiii4 ,slav]y exi/$ 9 ,brita9 :5 hi/ory comm5c$ ! records ( t isl&4 ,x 0 !re f\nd 9 a /ate & condition pr$icat$ ^u ! same causes by :i* its exi/5ce is n[ cont9u$ & p]petuat$ 9 ,africa4 ,b z e>ly z ! ye> #fib-c ,a4,d41 ! ,witna-,gemot1 convok$ by ,ina1 began to manife/ a m elevat$ condition ( ! ,britons4 ,)\t aboli%+ slav]y1 !y regulat$ its gov]nm5t1 ameliorat$ ! old practice ( dea? or slav]y be+ ! univ]sal aw>d ( conque/2 by submission & baptism ! captive 0 ackn[l$g$ to m]it "s consid]ation2 life1 &1 9 "s cases1 prop]ty 7 protect$ aga9/ ! rapacity ( ! conqu]or2 ! *ild 0 secur$ aga9/ ! m]e av>ice ( ! savage p>5t1 & heavy puni%m5t 0 ann\nc$ aga9/ him :o %\ld sell 8 c\ntryman1 :e!r malefactor1 slave1 or n1 to any =eign ma/]4 ,he :o has ! curiosity to notice ! /eps by :i* ! ,britons em]g$ f savage life1 9 connection ) _! condition ( slav]y1 may d well to exam9e ! works ( ,william ( ,malmsbury1 ,simeon ( ,durham1 ,b$e1 ,alcu91 ,wilk9s1 ,hunt+don1 ,hov$51 ,l+>d1 & ,wilton4 ,b he w n f9d ! /atutes ( ! mon>*ies succe$+ ,ina free f ^! enactm5ts until he %all come d[n ne> ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,?us1 g5]ations pass$ away be=e ^! /atutes came to be reg>d$ ) g5]al respect4 ,national reg5]ation has ev] be5 ?us sl[4 ,?us1 savage life has ev] put to dea? ! captive2 :ile we f9d t slav]y1 among su* tribes1 has ev] be5 introduc$ z a m]ciful provision 9 its /ead1 & is surely a pro( ( "o /ep t[>ds a m elevat$ /ate ( moral improvem5t4 ,b 9 ! case ( ,brita9 & ! :ole ( ,europe1 ! slave 0 ( ! same orig9al /ock ) ! ma/]2 he1 !re=e1 pres5t$ no physical imp$im5t to amalgamation1 by :i* has be5 br\ght ab\t :atev] ( equality n[ exi/s among _! desc5dants4 ,b 9 ! close ( ?is /udy1 we propose to take "s notice ( ! argum5ts ( ano!r mo/ di/+ui%$ writ] 9 fav\r ( ! abolition ( slav]y1 z x n[ affects ! ,african race4 ,9 #aggg1 ! celebrat$ ,dr4 ,samuel ,johnson wrote 8 argum5t 9 fav\r ( ! fre$om ( ! negro slave :o accompani$ 8 ma/] f ,jamaica to ,scotl&1 & :o !re br\ght suit 9 ! ,c\rt ( ,sessions = 8 fre$om4 ,?is argum5t has be5 deem$ by s _m to be unansw]able1 & ev] s9ce t "t s g5]ally us$ z a se$ argum5t 9 ! propagation ( abolition doctr9es1 t we feel x wor?y ( notice & exam9ation4 ,johnson 0 a bitt] oppon5t ( negro slav]y2 yet1 /range1 he ev] advocat$ ! ju/ice ( r$uc+ ! ,am]ican colonies & ! ,we/ ,india ,isl&s to ! mo/ abject condition ( political slav]y to ! ,briti% cr[n4 ,?is sy/em is fully advocat$1 & g>ni%$ by 8 s>casm & ridicule1 9 8 fam\s "w1 entitl$ 8,taxation no ,tyranny40 8,h[ is x10 says he1 8t we he> ! l\de/ yelps = lib]ty among ! driv]s ( negroes40 ,n long aft] he wrote ?is argum5t1 on ! occasion ( a d9n]-p>ty at ,dilly's1 he said1 8,i am will+ to love all mank9d1 except an ,am]ican20 :]eupon1 adds 8 biograph]1 8he brea!d out ?reat5+s & slaught]1 call+ !m rascals1 robb]s1 pirates1 & exclaim+1 he'd burn & de/roy !m40 ,"s k ( a man's peculi> notions relevant to a subject w (t5 aid ! m9d 9 a prop] e/imate ( ! value ( 8 op9ion & judgm5t conc]n+ correlative matt]s4 ,8 biograph] says-- 8,i record ,dr4 ,johnson's argum5t fairly ^u ?is p>ticul> case20 99 99 99 8b ,i beg leave to ent] my mo/ solemn prote/ aga9/ 8 g5]al doctr9e ) respect to ! slave-trade2 = ,i w mo/ resolutely say t 8 unfav\rable notion ( x 0 ow+ to prejudice1 & imp]fect or false in=mation4 ,! wild & dang]\s attempt1 :i* has = "s "t be5 p]si/$ 91 to obta9 an act ( ! legislature to aboli% s v important & necess>y a bran* ( comm]cial int]e/1 mu/ h be5 cru%$ at once1 _h n ! insignificance ( ! zealots :o va9ly took ! lead 9 x1 made ! va/ body ( ! plant]s1 m]*ants1 & o!rs1 ^: imm5se prop]ties are involv$ 9 ! trade1 reasonably en\gh suppose t !re w\ld be no dang]4 ,! enc\ragem5t :i* ! attempt has receiv$ excites my wond] & indignation2 & ?\gh "s m5 ( sup]ior abilities h support$ x1 :e!r f a love ( tempor>y popul>ity :5 prosp]\s1 or a love ( g5]al mis*ief :5 desp]ate1 my op9ion is un%ak54 ,to aboli% a /atus1 :i* 9 all ages ,god has sanction$ & man has cont9u$1 w\ld n only be robb]y to an innum]able class ( fell[-subjects1 b x w\ld be extreme cruelty to ,african savages1 a portion ( :om x saves f massacre or intol]able bondage 9 _! own c\ntry1 & introduces into a mu* happi] /ate ( life40 ,boswell's ,life ( ,johnson1 vol4 ii4 pp4 #acb1 #acc4 ,on ! same page1 ! biograph] adds-- 8,8 viol5t prejudices aga9/ our ,we/-,indian & ,am]ican settl]s1 appe>$ :5ev] !re 0 an opportunity40 99 99 99 8,^u an occasion1 :5 9 company ) sev]al v grave m5 at ,ox=d1 8 toa/ 03 #8,"h's to ! next insurrection ( ! negroes 9 ! ,we/ ,indies6' ,i1 ) all due def]5ce1 ?\ght t he discov]$ a zeal )\t k40 ,?is 0 surely bold 9 ,boswell6 ,s9ce ! culm9ation ( ! great ,briti% lexicograph]1 x has be5 unusual to he> a :isp] 9 "q ( 8 high moral accuracy1 ( 8 s+ul>ly nice m5tal tra9+1 or ! p]spicu\s & l(ty display ( ^! qualities 9 all 8 works4 ,ev5 at ?is day1 su* a :isp] may be pro( ( tem]ity4 ,b tru? is ( high] import ?an ! fe> ( individual rebuke1 or ( our lit]>y fai? t any "o h]o 9 ! walks ( erudition h]et(ore w5t d[n to ! tomb )\t "o m5tal or classical imp]fection4 99 99 99 99 99 ,argum5t 9 fav\r ( a negro claim+ 8 lib]ty1 ref]r$ to 9 ,boswell's ,life ( ,johnson1 p4 #acb4 8,x mu/ be agre$ t 9 mo/ ages _m c\ntries h _h "p ( _! inhabitants 9 a /ate ( slav]y2 yet x may be d\bt$ :e!r slav]y c ev] be suppos$ ! natural condition ( man4 ,x is impossible n to conceive t m5 9 _! orig9al /ate 7 equal2 & v difficult to imag9e h[ "o w\ld be subject$ to ano!r b by viol5t compulsion4 ,an individual may1 inde$1 =feit 8 lib]ty by a crime2 b he _c by t crime =feit ! lib]ty ( 8 *ildr54 ,:at is true ( a crim9al seems true likewise ( a captive4 ,a man may accept life f a conqu]+ enemy on condition ( p]petual s]vitude2 b x is v d\btful :e!r he c entail t s]vitude on 8 desc5dants2 = no man c /ipulate )\t commission = ano!r4 ,! condition :i* he himself accepts1 8 son or gr&son w\ld h reject$4 ,if we %\ld admit1 :at p]haps may ) m reason be d5i$1 t !re are c]ta9 relations betwe5 man & man :i* may make slav]y necess>y & j1 yet x c nev] be prov$ t he :o is n[ su+ = 8 fre$om ev] /ood 9 any ( ^? relations4 ,he is c]ta9ly subject by no law1 b t ( viol5ce1 to 8 pres5t ma/]1 :o pret5ds no claim to 8 ob$i5ce b t he b\ght him f a m]*ant ( slaves1 ^: "r to sell him nev] 0 exam9$4 ,x is said t accord+ to ! con/itutions ( ,jamaica he 0 legally enslav$2 ^! con/itutions are m]ely positive1 & app>5tly injuri\s to ! rights ( mank9d1 because :oev] is expos$ to sale is condemn$ to slav]y )\t appeal1 by :atev] fraud or viol5ce he might h orig9ally be5 br\ght into ! m]*ant's p[]4 ,9 our own "t1 pr9ces h be5 sold1 by wret*es to ^: c>e !y 7 intru/$1 t !y might h an ,european education2 b :5 once !y 7 br\ght to a m>ket 9 ! plantations1 little w\ld avail ei!r _! dignity or _! wrongs4 ,! laws ( ,jamaica af=d a negro no r$ress4 ,8 col\r is consid]$ z a suffici5t te/imony aga9/ him4 ,x is to be lam5t$ t moral "r %\ld ev] give way to political conv5i5ce4 ,b if temptations ( int]e/ are sometimes too /rong = human virtue1 let u at lea/ reta9 a virtue :]e !re is no temptation to quit x4 ,9 ! pres5t case !re is app>5t "r on "o side1 & no conv5i5ce on ! o!r4 ,inhabitants ( ?is isl& c nei!r ga9 ri*es nor p[] by tak+ away ! lib]ty ( any "p ( ! human species4 ,! sum ( ! argum5t is ?is3 ,no man is by nature ! prop]ty ( ano!r4 ,! def5dant is1 !re=e1 by nature1 free4 ,! rights ( nature mu/ be "s way =feit$ be=e !y c be ju/ly tak5 away4 ,t ! def5dant has1 by any act1 =feit$ ! rights ( nature1 we require to be prov$2 & if no pro( ( su* =feiture c be giv51 we d\bt n b ! ju/ice ( ! c\rt w decl>e him free40 ,! au?or ( ?is production has artfully surr\nd$ 8 subject ) su* a plausibility ( concessive proposals1 d\btful sugge/ions1 indef9ite words & propositions1 z w require a sift+ ( 8 ideas into a m di/9ct view4 ,& we fe> "s w f9d 8 argum5t ?us vague & indet]m9ate2 ! m9d w pass x by1 z "o ( ^? le>n$ ma/]pieces ( logic1 s di/ant f ! eye ( our common judgm5t1 t !y w soon] yield _! ass5t ?an endure ! lab\r ( exam9ation4 ,! fir/ sugge/ion we w\ld (f] on ! subject ( ?is production is its total inapplicability to ! case4 ,! negro 0 held a slave 9 ,jamaica4 ,! inquiry 0 n1 :e!r he 0 s held 9 ob$i5ce to ! ,briti% law regulat+ ! in/itution ( slav]y 9 ,jamaica4 ,! only "q 01 :e!r a slave 9 ,jamaica1 or else:]e1 :o _h by any means f\nd 8 way into ,scotl&1 0 or 0 n free by op]ation ( law4 ,n a ^w is direct$ to t po9t4 ,& ! c\rt ( session mu/ h reg>d$ its introduction be=e !m z an argum5t 9 ! case1 z idle & z useless z w\ld h be5 a page f 8 ,rasselas4 ,! ,briti% gov]nm5t e/abli%$ negro slav]y by law 9 all h] colonies1 b made no provision by :i* ! slave1 :5 once f\nd on ! %ores ( ,engl&1 c\ld be tak5 !nce aga9 into slav]y4 ,! object1 no d\bt1 0 :olly to prev5t _! introduction !re1 9 fav\r to h] own lab\r+ poor4 ,! ,briti% mon>*y reta9$ ! :ole subject ( slav]y "u its own control4 ,! colonies _h no voice 9 ! matt]4 ,!y _h no political "r to say t ! slave1 ?us impos$ on !m1 %\ld1 aft] he _h f\nd 8 way into any "p ( ! ,briti% ,isles1 be reclaim$1 & _! "r ( prop]ty 9 him re/or$4 ,_! political condition diff]$ widely f ! condition ( ^! ,unit$ ,/ates at ! =mation ( ?is republic4 ,!y1 z colonial dep5dants1 _h no p[] to dictate protection to _! own rights1 or to insi/ on a compromise ( conflict+ int]e/s to be e/abli%$ by law4 ,dr4 ,johnson's argum5t is exclusively direct$ aga9/ ! political & moral propriety ( ! in/itution ( slav]y z a /ate or condition ( man any:]e1 in/ead ( ! true "q at issue4 ,! argum5t1 tak5 z a :ole1 is1 !re=e1 a sophism1 ( ! ord] :i* dialecticians call 8ignoratio el5*i20 a dodg+ ( ! "q2 a sub/itution ( some?+ = ! "q :i* is n2 a practice common among ! p]t plead]s ( ! day--sometimes1 d\btless1 )\t _! own p]ception ( ! fact4 ,9 reg>d to him :o uses ?is sophism to effect ! issue1 ! conclusion is inevitable1--he is ei!r di%one/ or he is ignorant ( 8 subject4 ,& :5 we come to exam9e ?is celebrat$ production z an argum5t aga9/ ! moral propriety ( ! exi/5ce ( ! in/itution ( slav]y 9 ! _w1 we %all f9d e pill> pres5t$ = its f\ndation a m]e sophism1 n[ q di/9ctly1 & aga9 m feebly enunciat$1 z if ) a m timid tongue1 & left to inquiry1 adorn$ by fe/oons ( d\bt & supposition4 ,we %all requote "s portions1 ) a view to _! m p>ticul> consid]ation4 ,&1 fir/1 8,yet x may be d\bt$ :e!r slav]y c ev] be suppos$ ! natural condition ( man40 ,?is clause1 :5 put 9 ! crucible1 reads1 8,yet slav]y c nev] exi/ 9 con=mity to ! law ( ,god40 ,:oev] d\bts ?is to be ! s5se1 we ask him to suppose :at ! s5se is6 ,! au?or did n *oose ^! few words to express ! proposition1 because ! law ( ,god c\ld readily be produc$ 9 contradiction3 8,:osoev] committe? s9 is ! s]vant 71 d\los1 ,,slave7 ( s940 ,besides1 !n1 he loses ! b5efit ( ! sophism1--! sub/itution ( ! condition ( man 9 8 fall5 /ate1 ?r\gh ! ambiguity ( ! ^w 8natural10 = ! condition ( ! fir/ man1 fre% f ! h& ( ! ,creator4 ,?is sophism is "o ( great art & cov]tness2 s mu* s1 t x takes its "* r f its effect on ! m9d ?an f its language2 & we !re=e desire him :o reads1 to notice ! :ole *a9 ( ?\ght pass+ 9 ! au?or's m9d1--le/ he =get h[ our pres5t /ate is ! subject ( contemplation (f]$ z data1 :51 on ! ^w 8natural10 z if x 7 a pott]'s :eel1 our orig9al condition is turn$ to ! front1 a po/ulate1 f :i* we are left to comp>e & conclude4 ,! doctr9e ( ! ,bible is1 t slav]y is ! consequ5ce ( s94 ,if 8natural0 be tak5 to mean ! quality ( a /ate ( p]fect hol9ess & purity1 !n slav]y _c be ! natural condition ( man2 no d\bts are requir$ 9 ! case4 ,b if 8natural0 is us$ to express ! quality ( our condition "u s91 s9k+ u "u ! curse ( ! law1 !n ! propriety ( its use w n be 8d\btful10 :5 appli$ to slav]y1 because x is a consequ5t ( ! quality ( ! condition4 8,curs$ is e "o t cont9ue? n 9 all ?+s :i* are writt5 9 ! book ( ! law to d !m40 ,! proposition1 z ?us expla9$1 we ?9k ( no value 9 ! argum5t2 b1 z left by ! au?or1 obscure1 its real mean+ & int5t n obvi\sly p]ceiv$ nor easily detect$1 & he may h ?\ght x logical & s\nd4 8,x is impossible n to conceive t m51 9 _! orig9al /ate1 7 equal40 ,"h is ano!r sophism1 :i* ! le>n$ call petitio pr9cipii1 introduc$ )\t ! lea/ disguise1--! assumption ( a proposition )\t pro(1 :i*1 ^u exam9ation1 is n true4 ,if ! au?or mean1 by 8orig9al /ate10 ! /ate ( man 9 p>adise1 we h no me?od ( exam9+ facts1 except by a comp>ison ( ,adam ) ,eve1 :o 0 plac$ 9 subjection4 ,& if we may be p]mitt$ to exam9e ! /ate ( holy be+s m elevat$ ?an 0 man1--8,= ?\ ha/ made him a little l[] ?an ! angels10--!n1 by analogy1 we %all f9d x possible to conceive t m51 9 ! orig9al /ate1 7 n equal1 s9ce ev5 ! angels1 :o d ! comm&s ( ,god1 are describ$ z ^? 8t excel 9 /r5g?40 ,b if ,dr4 ,johnson mean ! /ate ( man aft] ! fall1 !n ,ca9 0 told by ,god himself1 t1 if he did well1 he %\ld h rule ov] ,abel4 8,& v difficult to imag9e h[ "o w\ld be subject$ to ano!r1 b by viol5t compulsion40 ,! object ( ?is s+ul> rem>k is to en=ce ! proposition1 ,t slav]y is incompatible ) ! law ( ,god1 :i* is n true4 8,& if ! s]vant %all pla9ly say1 #8,i love my ma/] 99 99 99 ,i w n g out free3' !n 8 ma/] %all br+ him 99 99 99 & he %all s]ve 7be a slave to7 him = ev]40 ,b if x %all be said ! value ( ! passage quot$ resides 9 ! t]m 8viol5t compulsion20 t 8viol5t compulsion10 suffici5t to make a man a slave1 is incompatible ) ! law ( ,god1 !n x w h no weight 9 ! argum5t1 because ! 8viol5t compulsion0 us$ may be 9 con=mity to ! law ( ,god4 8,& ,i w cause !e to s]ve 7be a slave7 to ?9e enemies 9 ! l& :i* ?\ kn[e/ n40 8,an individual may inde$ =feit 8 lib]ty by crime1 b he _c =feit ! lib]ty ( 8 *ildr540 ,?is1 z a proposition1 pres5ts a sophism ( ! ord] non causa pro causa1 9 rev]se4 ,we all agree a man may =feit 8 lib]ty by crime2 b h[ are we to d$uce f ?is fact t ! lib]ty ( ! *ild _c be affect$ by ! same crime8 ,! tru? is1 ! crime t deprives a p>5t ( lib]ty1 may1 or may n1 deprive ! *ild4 ,! framework ( ?is sophism is q subtle2 x implies ! sophism1 8a dicto secundum quid1 ad dictum simplicit]10 to h full effect on ! m9d4 ,because1 9 tru?1 ! crime t deprives ! p>5t ( lib]ty does n inv>iably involve ! lib]ty ( ! *ild1 we are1 !re=e1 ask$ to ass5t to ! proposition t x nev] does4 ,b1 p]haps1 an analysis ( ! proposition be=e u may be m pla9 to "s1 :5 we rem>k1 :at is true 9 all su* comp\nd sophisms1 t ! proposition conta9+ x is divisible into two di/9ct propositions4 ,9 ?is case1 ! fir/ "o is true1--! second n4 ,if1 by crime1 a man =feits 8 life1 he =feits 8 lib]ty4 ,if he is put to dea? previ\s to a condition ( pat]nity1 its prospect is cut (f ) him4 ,^? be+s :o1 o!rwise1 might h be5 8 desc5dants1 w nev] exi/4 ,h5ce rude nations1 f su* analogy1 9 case ( v high crimes1 de/roy$1 ) ! p>5t1 all 8 exi/+ desc5dants4 ,anci5t hi/ory is full ( su* examples4 ,! pr9ciple is ! same z ! m mod]n atta9t1 & is f\nd$1 if 9 no high] law1 9 ! common s5se ( mank9d2 =1 :5 ! /atute e/abli%+ atta9ts is repeal$1 ! public m9d & ! desc5dant bo? feel t ! atta9t ess5tially exi/s1 ev5 )\t law to en=ce x4 ,:o does n p]ceive t ! desc5dants ( c]ta9 traitors are effectually atta9t$ at ! pres5t day1 ev5 among ! mo/ enlight5$ nations4 ,he :o d5ies t ! crime ( ! p>5t c affect ! lib]ty ( ! *ild1 mu/ also d5y t ! "* ( ! p>5t c affect him2 a fact t almo/ univ]sally exi/s1 & :i* e "o kn[s4 8,let 8 *ildr5 be cont9ually vagabonds & beg2 99 99 99 let 8 po/]ity be cut (f2 99 99 99 let ! iniquities ( 8 fa!rs be rememb]$ ) ! ,"l40 ,?is doctr9e 0 recognis$ & practis$ by ! *ur*1 ev5 9 ,engl&1 9 ! m e>ly ages4 ,let "o in/ance suffice4 ,ab\t ! ye> #efj1 ,mauricus1 a ,*ri/ian k+ ( ,wales1 committ$ p]jury & murd]$ ,cynetus1--:]eupon1 ,od\ceus1 ,bi%op ( ,ll&aff1 9 full synod1 pron\nc$ excommunication1 & curs$1 = ev]1 him & all 8 (fspr+4 ,see ,milton's 1 cap4 #bh4 ,?is pr9ciple actively exi/s 9 ! physical _w4 ,! p>5t contracts "s loa?some disease--! (fspr+ are physically det]iorat$ !reby4 ,he ^: moral & physical degradation are su* t slav]y to him is a bless+1 ) few exceptions1 w f9d 8 desc5dants fit only = t condition4 ,! *ildr5 ( p>5ts ^: conduct 9 life fo/]$ "s m5tal peculi>ity1 are q likely1 ) great] or less int5sity1 to exhibit traces ( ! same4 8,! p>5ts h eat5 s\r grapes1 & ! *ildr5's tee? are set on edge40 ,! law is n repeal$ by ! mantle ( love1 :i*1 9 m]cy1 ! ,savi\r has spread ov] ! _w1 any m ?an =giv5ess blots out ! fact ( a crime4 ,! hope ( happ9ess h]eaft] alleviates pres5t suff]+1 b1 9 no s5se1 annihilates a cause :i* has previ\sly exi/$4 8,a man may accept life f a conqu]+ enemy on condition ( p]petual s]vitude2 b x is v d\btful :e!r he c entail t s]vitude on 8 desc5dants2 = no man c /ipulate1 )\t commission1 = ano!r40 ,all t is pres5t$ z argum5t "h1 is f\nd$ ^u ! proposition1 t no man c /ipulate = 8 desc5dants1 :e!r unborn or n4 ,if :at we h be=e said be true1 little ne$ be said on ! subject ( ?is p>agraph4 ,= we h already se5 t ! conduct ( ! ance/or1 to an indef9ite ext5t1 bo? physically influ5ces & morally b9ds ! condition ( ! (fspr+4 ,x is comp>atively b a few ages s9ce1 ov] ! entire _w1 ! p>5t _h full p[]1 by law1 to put 8 *ildr5 to dea? = crime1 or to sell !m into slav]y = causes ( :i* he 0 ! judge4 ,& x may be rem>k$1 t su* is ! pres5t law among1 p]haps1 all ! tribes :o furni% f _! own race slaves = ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,x is n necess>y "h to %[ :y a p1 :o f9d su* laws necess>y to _! welf>e1 also f9d slav]y a bless+ to !m4 ,civilization has ameliorat$ ^!1 to u1 h>% features ( p>5tal au?ority2 yet1 to-day1 ! _w c sc>cely produce a case :]e ! condition ( ! *ild has n be5 greatly affect$ by ! /ipulations1 ! conduct1 ! influ5ces ( ! p>5t1 :olly beyond its control4 ,! relation ( p>5t has ev] be5 f\nd a suffici5t commission to b9d ^! results to ! condition ( ! (fspr+4 8,b our fa!rs dealt pr\dly1 & h>d5$ _! necks1 & he>k5$ n to ?y comm&m5ts1 & refus$ to obey2 99 99 99 & 9 _! rebellion appo9t$ a capta9 to return to _! bondage40 8,! condition :i* he 7! captive7 accepts1 8 son or gr&son w\ld h reject$40 ,?is1 at mo/1 is supposititi\s1 &1 z an argum5t1 we ?9k1 extremely weak2 because x implies1 ei!r t ! acceptance ( ! p>5t 0 n ! result ( necessity1 & ! wise/ *oice betwe5 evils1 or t ! rejection1 by ! son1 0 ! fruit ( extravagant pret5sion4 8,he t is extravagant w quickly become poor1 & pov]ty w en=ce dep5d5ce & invite corruption40 99 99 99 8,i h avoid$ t empyrical morality t cures "o vice by ! means ( ano!r40 ,johnson's ,rambl]4 8,if we %\ld admit1 :at p]haps ) m reason may be d5i$1 t !re are c]ta9 relations betwe5 man & man1 :i* may make slav]y necess>y & j1 yet x c nev] be prov$1 t he1 :o is su+ = 8 fre$om1 ev] /ood 9 any ( ^! relations40 ,we _c pret5d to "k :at 7 ! p>ticul> facts 9 relation to ! slav]y ( ! individual !n 9 ,scotl&4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 pret5d$ t ! facts 9 relation to ?is slave 7 n ! facts 9 relation to all o!rs4 ,no sugge/ion ( any illegality z to 8 slav]y 9 ,jamaica is made1 o!r ?an ! broad gr\nd ( ! illegality ( slav]y itself4 ,?is is q evid5t f :at foll[s3 8,he is c]ta9ly subject1 by no law b t ( viol5ce1 to 8 pres5t ma/]1 :o pret5ds no claim to 8 ob$i5ce1 b t he b\ght him f a m]*ant ( slaves1 ^: "r to sell him 0 nev] exam9$40 ,9 ! passage "u consid]ation1 we are conf9$ :olly to negro slav]y2 & _h ,dr4 ,johnson be5 s]i\s 9 admitt+ t slav]y1 "u 8c]ta9 relations10 0 8necess>y & j10 he w\ld h yield$ 8 case2 because1 !n1 ! slave 9 h& w\ld h be5 plac$ 9 ! category ( prov+ t he did n exi/ "u ^! relations4 ,johnson well knew t slav]y exi/$ 9 ,jamaica by ! sanction ( ! ,briti% ,p>liam5t1 & he manife/s 8 contempt = x1 by ! ass]tion t ! slave 0 held only by ! law ( =ce4 ,he 01 !re=e1 n rea*+ = ! fre$om ( t p>ticul> slave1 b = ! subv]sion ( slav]y z a condition ( man4 ,! au?or has h]et(ore signifi$ a will+ness to admit ! lawfulness ( slav]y1 :5 induc$ by 8crime or captivity20 b n[ d5ies ! validity ( su* admission1 because ! relations ( 8crime & captivity0 c nev] be prov$4 ,! app>5t object ( 8 admission 0 m]ely to rally u1 by 8 lib]ality1 to ! admission t ^! relations c\ld nev] be prov$2 & we admit !y nev] c be 9 ! way he provides2 & he !re=e ann\nces ! demon/ration ( ! proposition1 t slav]y c nev] be j1 because 8^! relations10 :i* alone make x s1 c nev] be e/abli%$4 ,b :at are ! reasons8 ,!y are ! v causes :i* r5d] ! ,africans obnoxi\s to ! condition ( slav]y--! degrad$1 det]iorat$1 & savage /ate ( t p4 ,! negro slave1 9 8 transit f ! int]ior ( ,africa1 is (t5 sold _m times1 by "o ma/] & *iefta9 to ano!r1 be=e he rea*es ! we/]n coa/1 :5ce he 0 transf]r$ by ! slave factors to ! ,engli% colonies4 ,no memory ( ^! facts1 or ( ! slave's orig91 is pres]v$ or attempt$4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 ?\gh ea* individual ( ^! slaves induc$ ! condition by 8crime or captivity10 su* fact c\ld nev] be e/abli%$ 9 ! ,engli% colony4 ,to attempt pro( !re ( any fact t\*+ ! case1 w\ld be z idle & futile z to attempt su* pro( 9 reg>d to ! biography ( a baboon4 ,besides1 ! tru? is1 a v l>ge portion ( ^! slaves 7 born slaves 9 ,africa1 inh]it+ _! condition f a slave ance/ry ( unkn[n ages1 & recognis$ to be slaves by ! laws & cu/oms ( ! v>i\s tribes !re1 & s5t to m>ket z a surplus commodity1 9 accordance to ! laws & usages among !m1 en=c$ f "t immemorial4 ,s f> z we h k ( ! v>i\s families ( man1 we believe x to h ev] be5 ! practice = "o nation to receive ! national acts ( ano!r z facts fix$1 & n subject to fur!r inve/igation or alt]ation by a =eign p1 especially :5 none b ! p mak+ ! decision 7 affect$ by x4 ,johnson surely mu/ h agre$ to su* a practice1 because an opposite c\rse1 s f> z c>ri$ into action1 w\ld h involv$ e nation 9 univ]sal w> & endless blood%$4 ,besides1 ! "r to usurp su* control w\ld involve ! "r to enslave1 & c only exi/ :5 ! deg5]acy ( a nation has become too great a nuisance to be long] tol]at$ ) safety by ! p annoy$3 self-protection w !n w>rant ! "r4 ,if ,engl& makes x lawful = h] subjects to buy slaves 9 ,africa & hold !m 9 ,jamaica1 !n h] subjects may lawfully hold !re su* z are decid$ by ! laws ( ,africa to be slaves4 ,b ! au?or ( ! argum5t1 ) all ?is be=e him1 hav+ dictat$ :at alone %all make a man a slave1 w\ld propose to set up a new tribunal contr>y to all int]national law--contr>y to ! peace ( ! _w--&1 f9ally1 z to ! object to :i* x is to be appli$1 =ev] abortive3 :]e=e 8 argum5t 9 effect is1 because 8^! relations10 :i* he admits w\ld ju/ly make a man a slave1 _c be prov$1 !re=e :at he admits to be true is n true2 & puts u 9 m9d ( ! sophism3 8,if1 :5 a man speaks tru?1 he says he lies1 he lies2 b he lies :5 he speaks ! tru?2 !re=e1 by speak+ ! tru?1 he lies60 :i* we ?9k ab\t z relevant to ! "q4 ,9 8 conclusion1 ,dr4 ,johnson frankly ackn[l$ges ! position we h assign$ him3-- 8,! sum ( ! argum5t is ?is3 ,no man is1 by nature1 ! prop]ty ( ano!r4 ,! def5dant1 !re=e1 is free by nature4 ,! rights ( nature mu/ be someway =feit$ be=e !y c be ju/ly tak5 away40 ,!re are1 9 our language1 b few words ( :i* we make su* loose & indef9ite use z we d ( ! ^w 8nature10 & its v>i\sly modifi$ =ms4 ,x w\ld elucidate :at we wi% to br+ to m9d conc]n+ ! use ( ?is ^w1 to select "s v]bose au?or1 ( a fanatical habit ( ?\ght1 or en\gh s to fav\r a neglig5ce z to ! cle>ness ( ! ideas express$ by ! t]ms at 8 comm&1 & comp>e ! v>i$ mean+s :i* 8 application ( ! ^w w mo/ cle>ly indicate4 ,we d n accuse ,dr4 ,johnson ( any want ( a/ute le>n+1 b we wi% to pres5t an excuse = expla9+ t1 by 8 use ( ! phrases1 8m5 by nature0--8by nature free0--8! rights ( nature10 he means1 ! rights e/abli%$ by ! laws ( ,god4 ,he uses ^? phrases z synonyms ( ! ,creator1 ( 8 provid5ce influ5c+ ! condition ( man1 or ! adaptations be/[$ on him4 ,! laws ( nature are ! laws ( ,god4 ,& we are bold to say1 no discreet writ] uses ! words diff]5tly4 ,z a sample ( its legitimate use1 we quote 8,milton to ,hortlib on ,education30-- 8,n to m5tion ! le>n$ correspond5ce :i* y hold 9 =eign p>ts1 & ! extraord9>y pa9s & dilig5ce :i* y h us$ 9 ?is matt]1 bo? "h & beyond ! seas2 ei!r by ! def9ite w ( ,god s rul+1 or ! peculi> sway ( nature1 :i* also is ,god's work+10 c4 ,we all agree t ,god has made ! _w1 & all ?+s !re91 & t he e/abli%$ laws = its gov]nm5t1 & also = ! gov]nm5t ( e ?+ 9 x4 ,n[ we mu/ all agree t x 0 an act ( great condesc5sion1 love1 & m]cy1 if ,god did come d[n f 8 ?rone 9 heav51 &1 f 8 own m\? in/ruct a few ( ! lo/ m5 !n 9 ! _w1 8 *os5 p1 :at 7 "s ( 8 laws1 su* z 7 necess>y = !m to "k & to be gov]n$ by1 t !y might1 to ! greate/ possible ext5t1 live happily 9 ?is _w1 & enjoy et]nal life h]eaft]4 ,d y believe he did s8 ,y ei!r believe he did1 or y believe ! ,bible is a fable4 ,if y believe he did1 !n we ref] y to ,ex4 xx4 & xxi41 & to ,lev4 xxv41 = :at he did !n reveal1 z 8 law1 on ! subject ( slav]y2 n t o!r important revelations 7 n made conc]n+ ?is subject1 :i* we %all h occasion to notice 9 ! c\rse ( ^! /udies4 ,if we believe ! ,bible to be a true book1 !n we mu/ believe t ,god did make ^! revelations to ,moses4 ,among !m1 "o law p]mitt$ ! ,israelites to buy1 & inh]it1 & to hold slaves4 ,& ,dr4 ,wayl&1 ! au?or ( 8,! ,elem5ts ( ,moral ,sci5ce10 agrees t :at 0 ! law ( ,god mu/ ev] rema9 to be s4 ,x w foll[ !n1 if ! laws ( ,god au?orize slav]y1 t a man by nature may be ! prop]ty ( ano!r1 because1 :atev] y may ?9k ! laws ( nature to be1 yet !y c h no validity 9 opposition to ! laws ( ,god4 ,if x %all be said t ,jesus ,*ri/ repeal$ ! law z deliv]$ to ,moses1 !n we answ]3 ,he says he came n to de/roy1 b to fulfil ! law & t he fully complet$ 8 mission4 ,he _h no commission to repeal ! law3 !re=e he _h no p[] to d s4 ,?is portion ( ,dr4 ,johnson's argum5t is consonant ) ! notions ( ! advocates ( ! 8high] law0 doctr9e1 :o p]si/ t slav]y is a s91 because !y ?9k x is4 ,b if ! law p]mitt$ slav]y1 !n to hold1 _c be a s91 because ,god 8frame? n mis*ief by a law40 ,see ,ps4 xciv4 #bj4 8,wo unto !m t decree unrighte\s decrees40 ,isa4 x4 #a4 ,if ! law au?oriz+ ! ,jews to hold slaves 0 unrighte\s1 !n ,god pron\nces ! wo ^u himself1 :i* is gross contradiction4 ,b ! law is 8pure1 holy1 & j20 !re=e a law p]mitt+ s9 mu/ be aga9/ itself--:i* _c be2 =1 9 su* case1 ! law recoils aga9/ itself1 & de/roys its own end & "*4 ,b aga93 8,! end ( ! comm&m5t is *>ity out ( a pure he>t1 & ( a good consci5ce1 & fai? unfeign$40 #a ,tim4 i4 #e4 ,n[ x is n *>ity to p]mit t :i* _c be done ) a pure he>t1 because !n consci5ce & fai? are bo? deceiv$4 ,aga93 ,! law 8be>e? n ! sword 9 va91 b to be a t]ror to evil works1 = he 7! in/rum5t execut+ ! law7 is ! m9i/] ( ,god1 a rev5g] to execute wra? ^u him t doe? evil40 ,if slav]y1 or to hold slaves1 be s91 !n also ! law grant+ ! lic5se to d s de/roys ! v object :i* x 0 enact$ to su/a94 ,b aga93 ,if ! law all[s s91 !n x is 9 cov5ant ) s9 & ! law itself1 !re=e1 mu/ be s94 ,9 %ort1 ! doctr9e is pure infidelity4 ,x is de/ructive to ! object ( law1 & blasphem\s to ,god4 ,:at are we to ?9k ( him :o holds t ,god desc5d$ 9 ! maje/y ( 8 p[] ^u ,s9ai1 & !re1 f ! bottomless treasures ( 8 wisdom & purity1 comm&+ man to wa% 8 g>m5t ( e pollution1 op5$ to him--:at8 ,:y1 an unclean sy/em ( morals1 /a9$ by a mo/ unholy impurity2 b :i* he is nev]!less to practise to ! damn+ ( 8 s\l6 ,a!ism1 ?\ art inde$ a maniac6 ,9 ! c\rse ( ^! /udies1 we %all attempt to %[ t man is n free 9 ! unlimit$ s5se ) :i* ! ^w is "h us$4 ,absolute fre$om is incompatible ) a /ate ( acc\ntability4 ,say1 if y *oose1 ,adam 0 free 9 p>adise to eat ! apple1 to commit s91 yet we f9d 8 fre$om 0 b\nd$ by an acc\ntability beyond 8 p[] to give satisfactory answ]3 h5ce ! consequ5t1 a *ange ( /ate1 a circumscrib+ ( :at y may call 8 fre$om4 ,?is1 9 common p>lance1 we call puni%m5t2 yet our idea ( puni%m5t is inadequate to express ! full idea2 because ,god _c be suppos$ to delight 9 puni%m5t1 or to be satisfi$ ) puni%m5t1 9 accordance ) our n>r[ views4 ,su* w\ld be inconsi/5t ) ! comb9ation ( 8 attributes--a ,be+ s con/itut$ ( all p[]1 t ea* p[] is pr$om9ant1 ev5 love & m]cy4 ,?us ! law ( ,god clo!s ! effect 9 m]cy & positive good1 inv]sely to ! virul5ce ( ! cause1 or 9 direct proportion to its propriety4 ,?us1 righte\sness1 z a cause1 exalte? a nation2 b s9 is a reproa* to any p4 ,?us ! law ( ,god places ! s9n] "u ! gov]nm5t ( %ame1 infamy1 contempt1 z s*oolma/]s to lead him back to virtue2 & x may be obs]v$ t ! s*oolma/] is m =c+ 9 8 gov]nm5t 9 proportion to ! virul5ce ( vice1 d[n to ! v>i\s grades ( subjection & slav]y1 & until ! poison becomes s great t ev5 dea? is a bless+4 ,b if ! m9d _c p]ceive t ! *a/5+s ( ! ,"l are bless+s1 let x reg>d !m z lessons4 ,! p>5t1 f ! wayw>dness ( ! *ild1 p]ceives t x w fall f a precipice1 & b9ds x ) a cord to circumscribe its walk4 ,true1 su* are poor figures to outl9e a high] ,provid5ce6 ,! ,be+ :o creat$1 surely _h p[] to appo9t ! gov]nm5t4 ,c ! ?+ creat$ rema9 9 ! condition 9 :i* x is plac$1 except by ob$i5ce to ! law e/abli%$ = its gov]nm5t8 ,disob$i5ce mu/ *ange ! condition ( ! ?+ & br+ x "u new re/ra9ts--a less5+ ( ! b\nd>ies ( fre$om4 ,! :ole provid5ce ( ,god to man is ^u ?is plan1 & is abundantly illu/rat$1 9 ! holy books1 by precept & example4 ,^! re/ra9ts foll[ quick on ! foot/eps ( disob$i5ce1 until ! law--! ,_s %all no long] /rive = re=mation1 b say1 8,cut x d[n2 :y cumb]e? x ! gr\nd80 ,is ?is a too melan*oly view8 ,let u1 !n1 look at ob$i5ce & its consequ5ts1 & turn ! eye f ?is d[nw>d pa? ( m5tal & physical degradation1 pa91 mis]y1 want1 slav]y1 & dea?1 to ! bright prospect ( a m elevat$ /ate ( progressive improvem5t1 secur$ to u z a consequ5t1 a rew>d ( ob$i5ce2 ! physical p[]s improv+1 ! m5tal elevat+1 & all our faculties becom+ in/rum5ts ( great] tru?fulness1 until our condition %all be s elevat$ t ! ,creator %all say1 8,come ye & sit at my "r h&60 ,! ass]tion1 t 8no man is by nature ! prop]ty ( ano!r10 flatt]s our vanity & tumefies our pride1 b is1 nev]!less1 untrue4 ,we are all absolutely ! prop]ty ( ,him :o made1 & :o su/a9s 8 "r to dispose ( u2 & does s 9 con=mity to 8 law4 ,?us1 qualifi$ly1 we are ! prop]ty ( ! great family ( man1 & are "u obligations ( duty to all2 m press+ly to ! national community ( :i* we compose a "p1 & s on d[n to ! di/9ct family ( :i* we are a memb]4 ,x is ^u ?is pr9ciple t ,fleta says1 7book i1 *ap4 #ag17 8,he t has a companion has a ma/]40 ,see also ! same 9 ,bracton1 book i4 *ap4 #af4 ,if1 by ! laws ( ,god1 o!r m5 c\ld h no prop]ty 9 u1 ! laws ( civil gov]nm5t c\ld h no "r to control u4 ,b if ! civil gov]nm5t1 by ! laws ( ,god1 has ! "r to gov]n & control u1 s f> z is = ! b5efit ( ourselves & ! community1 !n x w foll[1 t :5 our b5efit w be enhanc$1 & t ( ! community1 by our subjection to slav]y1 ei!r tempor>y or p]petual1 ! laws ( ,god1 9 m]cy1 w au?orize su* subjection4 ,or1 if ! /ate ( our degradation be su* t our cont9uance ^u ! e>? be an evil pa/ all rem$y1 !n ! laws ( ,god w au?orize ! civil law to decree our exit4 ,! provid5ce ( ,god to man is practical4 ,he nev] deals 9 ! silly ab/ractions ( fooli% philosoph]s4 ,he sp5ds no "t 9 exp]im5t+ by eri/ic syllogisms4 ,he deals alone 9 8 own p[]1 :i* n[h]e ev] ceases to act1 al?\gh :olly beyond our compreh5sion4 ,man may long = a full view ( ! ,almighty1 yet we are de/9$ "h to p]ceive b ! 8h9d] p>ts0 ( 8 pres5ce--! effect ( 8 p[]1 n ,him6 ,let u wor%ip2 &1 = our guidance1 be cont5t ) ! pill> ( cl\d by day & ( fire by night6 ,9 conclusion3 ,%\ld ! au?or ( 8,! ,elem5ts ( ,moral ,sci5ce0 exam9e ?is argum5t ( ! great dialectician ( ! pa/ c5tury1 ) 8 ackn[l$g$ logical acum51 free f ! prejudices ( 8 locality1 n[ s abundantly display$ 9 t portion ( 8 "w to :i* we object1 we w\ld sugge/ ! propriety ( 8 apply+ ! discov]ies he may make to em5dations 9 8 succe$+ ?\s&s4 ------------------------------------ ,/udy ,,ii4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,i4 ,z f> z m5 are able to compreh5d ,jehovah1 ! wise/1 9 all ages1 h d$uc$ ! fact1 t ,god acts2 yet1 z an ess5tial ,be+1 he is beyond be+ act$ ^u4 ,t :i* is manife/$ by ! "* ( 8 acts is call$ 8 attributes2 t is1 ! ?+ or quality :i* we attribute to him z a portion or quality ( 8 ess5ce4 ,?us among 8 attributes1 are said to be p[]1 wisdom1 tru?1 ju/ice1 love1 & m]cy4 ,8 action is always f\nd to be 9 con=mity & accordance to ^! attributes4 ,?is /ate ( con=mity1 ?is c]ta9ty ( unison ( action1 is call$ tru?4 8,?y ^w is tru?40 ,john xvii4 #g4 ,a sy/em ( laws1 p]man5tly e/abli%$ = ! production ( "s object1 we call an in/itution4 ,law is ! hi/ory ( h[ ?+s are influ5c$ by "o ano!r2 yet ! m9d %\ld nev] disconnect su* influ5ce f ! attributes ( ,jehovah2 & h5ce ,burke v prop]ly says1 8,law is b5efic5ce act+ by rule40 8,! law ( ! ,"l is p]fect40 ,ps4 xix4 #g4 ,! d$uction foll[s t ! laws ( ,god are well adapt$1 & int5d$ to b5efit all ^? :o are suitably relat$ "u !m4 ,by relation we mean ! connection betwe5 ?+s1--:at "o ?+ is 9 reg>d to ! influ5ce ( ano!r4 ,& h5ce x also foll[s t1 9 case ! relation is 9 utt] want ( a con=mity to ! attributes ( ,jehovah1 ! actor 9 ! relation becomes an oppon5t1 &1 s f>1 jo9s issue ) ,god himself4 ,! laws fitt+ ! case op]ate1 & 8 position is consum$1 z x 71 by ! brea? ( ! ,almighty4 ,b yet an in/itution may be a righte\s "o1 may exi/ 9 con=mity to ! laws ( ,god1 & p>ticul> cases ( a relation1 seem+ to u to emanate f x1 be q ! rev]se4 ,= example1 ! in/itution ( m>riage may be righte\s1 may exi/ 9 con=mity to ! laws ( ,god2 yet cases ( ! relation ( husb& & wife may be a v wick$ relation4 ,individuals 9 a relation to ea* o!r "u an in/itution are suppos$ to be> su* comp>ison to ea* o!r z w p]mit ! laws ( ,god1 influ5c+ ! relation1 to be b5eficial to !m2 & :5 su* comp>ative qualities are n ! mo/ suitable1 or are m or less unsuitable = ! relation1 ! b5efits int5d$ by ! relation mu/ be proportionably dim9i%$4 ,if :olly unsuitable1 !n x is f\nd t ! cons]vative influ5ces ( ! same laws op]ate 9 ! direction to cause ! relation to cease betwe5 !m4 ,if a suppos$ male & female are ea* di/9ctly clo!d ) qualities :olly unsuit$ to ea* o!r 9 ! relation emanat+ f ! in/itution ( m>riage1 !n1 9 t case1 ! relation w be s9ful betwe5 !m2 & ! repulsion1 ! necess>y consequ5ce ( a total unsuitabl5ess1 w be 9 con/ant action 9 ! direction ( sweep+ x away4 ,w x be new 9 morals to say t x is consi/5t ) ! ord9ances ( ,jehovah to br+ ?+s into t relation to ea* o!r by :i* !y w be mutually b5efit$8 ,z an exemplification ( ! doctr9e1 we cite ! in/itution ( gu>dian%ip--gu>dian & w>d2 bo? words d]iv$ f ! same ,saxon root1 we>dian1 :i* implies "o :o protects & "o :o is protect$4 ,! in/itution itself presupposes p[] 9 ! "o & weakness 9 ! o!r1 a want ( equality betwe5 ! p>ties4 ,& x may be "h rem>k$1 t1 ! great] ! inequality1 ! great] ! prospect ( b5efit gr[+ out ( ! relation1 especially to ! weak] p>ty4 ,b :5 ! weak1 ignorant1 or wayw>d y\? is ! gu>dian1 & ! p[]ful & wise man is ! w>d1 !n ! relation w be s9ful1 & ! repulsion necess>ily emanat+ f ! relation mu/ quickly t]m9ate x4 ,no possible b5efit c\ld accrue f su* a case--no?+ b evil4 ,! cons]vative influ5ce ( ,god's provid5ce mu/1 !re=e1 sudd5ly br+ x to a close4 ,w ! ass]tion be odi\s to ! e> ( tru?1 t ! laws ( ,god pres5t ! same class ( cons]vative influ5ces 9 ! moral _w t is e day discov]$ 9 ! physical8--t ! ?+ manife/ly useless1 f :i* no b5efit c accrue1 b f :i* a con/ant injury emanates1 %all be cut away1 nor long] 8cumb] ! gr\nd80 ,or1 :]e a less degree ( enormity & s9 h c5t]$1 x may be plac$ "u influ5ces ( guidance1 & controll$ into ! pa? ( reg5]ation & comp>ative usefulness8 ,surely1 if we deta* f ,jehovah ^! high attributes1 we less5 8 "*4 ,:5 we ent] into ! inquiry1 :e!r an in/itution1 or ! relation emanat+ f x 9 a p>ticul> case1 be s9ful or n1 x seems obvi\s t ! inquiry mu/ rea* ! object ( ! in/itution & its t5d5cies1 & take into consid]ation h[ f> !y1 & ! relations creat$ by x1 co9cide ) ! laws ( ,god4 ,! relation ( ma/] & slave1 & ! in/itution ( slav]y itself1 9 ! inquiry :e!r su* relation or in/itution is "r or wrong1 j or unju/1 righte\s or s9ful1 mu/ be subject$ to a l exam9ation1--apply+ ! same rules applicable to any o!r relation or in/itution1--be=e we c det]m9e :e!r or n x exi/s 9 con=mity to ! laws ( ,god4 ,b human reason is truly b ( small compass2 & ! m]cy ( ,god has v\*saf$ to man ! aids ( fai? & inspiration4 8,all scripture is giv5 by inspiration ( ,god40 #b ,tim4 iii4 #af4 ,^! are important aids 9 ! exam9ation ( all moral subjects1 )\t :i* we may be 8ev] le>n+ & nev] able to come to ! k ( ! tru?40 #b ,tim4 iii4 #g4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,ii4 ,if x be true t slav]y is ( div9e orig91 t its design is to prev5t s great an accumulation ( s9 z w\ld1 ( necessity1 =ce its subjects d[n to de/ruction & dea?1 & to re/ore ^? :o are ignorantly1 he$lessly1 & habitually ru%+ on _! own moral & physical ru91 by ! r5ovat+ influ5ce ( div9e p[]1 to su* a /ate ( moral rectitude z may be requir$ ( ! recipi5ts ( div9e grace2--!n we %\ld expect to f9d1 9 ! hi/ory ( ?is in/itution1 ( its effects1 bo? moral & physical1 ^u its subjects1 "s manife/ations ( su* t5d5cies2 "s g5]al evid5ces t1 ?r\gh ?is ord9ance1 ,god has ev] bless$ its subjects & _! po/]ity ) an ameliorat$ condition1 progressive 9 ! direction ( 8 great & f9al purpose4 ,let u exam9e t fact4 ,9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! _w1 ,god has z un*angeably fix$ 8 laws produc+ moral influ5ces1 z he has ^? :i* relate to mat]ial objects4 ,:5 we discov] "s cause1 :i*1 "u simil> circum/ances1 always produces a simil> result1 we ne$ n hesitate to consid] su* discov]y z ! revelation ( 8 w1 8 law t\*+ its action & ! effects produc$2 & by comp>+ ! g5]al t5d5cy ( ! effect produc$ ) ! previ\sly reveal$ laws & w ( ,god 9 relation to a p>ticul> matt]1 we are p]mitt$ to =m "s conclusion :e!r ! cause produc+ ! effect exi/s & acts 9 con=mity ) 8 g5]al provid5ce t[>ds ! matt] or subject 9 "q4 ,if s1 we may readily conclude t su* cause is ( 8 appo9tm5t1 & t x exi/s & acts agreeably to 8 w4 ,b "o ( ! previ\sly reveal$ laws ( ,god is1 t he ev] wills ! happ9ess1 n ! mis]y1 ( 8 creatures4 8,say unto !m1 ,z ,i live1 sai? ! ,"l ,god1 ,i h no pleasure 9 ! dea? ( ! wick$2 b t ! wick$ %\ld turn f 8 way & live3 turn ye1 turn ye f y\r evil ways1 = :y w y die1 ,o h\se ( ,israel60 ,ezek4 xxxiii4 #aa4 ,& we may =m "s conclusion ( a man1 a class ( p1 or a nation1 f _! condition produc$ by ! g5]al result ( _! conduct1 :e!r _! conduct has be5 9 g5]al con=mity ) ! laws ( ,god4 ,if ! g5]al result ( ! conduct ( ! ?ief1 gambl]1 tippl]1 & drunk>d1--( him :o lives by trick]y & deception1 is an accumulation ( weight ( "* among m51 a display ( useful indu/ry1 indep5d5ce1 & weal? among 8 associates2 if himself & family are !reby made visibly m heal?y1 happy1 & wise1--if by ^! practices he & 8 family become patt]ns ( piety & ( all noble virtues1 he may hope2 b if ! contr>y ( all ^! is ! f9al result1 we may safely condemn4 ,ano!r ( ! laws ( ,god is1 8,?9e own wick$ness %all correct !e1 & ?y backslid+s %all reprove !e40 ,j]4 ii4 #ai4 ,:5 ! *>act]s j nam$ become s great a nuisance t ! /rong arm ( ! law ( ! l& takes away _! lib]ty1 places a ma/] ov] !m1 9 fact r$uc+ !m to slav]y2 =ces & compels !m to habits ( useful indu/ry1 &1 9 a l5g? ( "t1 makes ( !m useful & good m51--!n ?is law is exemplifi$ & also ! fact is prov$1 t slav]y1 ?us induc$1 is att5d$ ) & does produce an ameliorat$ condition z to ! morals1 & probably z to ! intellectual & physical p[]1 ( its subjects4 ,?is law 0 also exemplifi$ 9 ! family ( ,jacob4 ,god1 9 ! ord] ( 8 provid5ce1 _h det]m9$ & made a cov5ant ) ,abraham1 to wit3 8,9 ! same day ! ,"l made a cov5ant ) ,abram1 say+1 ,unto ?y se$ h ,i giv5 ?is l&1 f ! l& ( ,egypt unto ! great riv]1 ! riv] ,euphrates40 ,g54 xv4 #ah4 ,?is 0 to be br\ght ab\t ?r\gh ! family ( ,jacob4 8,& ,god ,almighty bless !e1 & make !e fruitful & multiply !e1 t ?\ maye/ be a multitude ( p1 & give ! bless+ ( ,abraham to !e1 & to ?y se$ ) !e1 t ?\ maye/ inh]it ! l& :]e9 ?\ art a /rang]1 :i* ,god gave unto ,abraham40 ,g54 xxviii4 #c1 #d4 ,!re are left u en\gh traces ( ! conduct ( ! family ( ,jacob1 :]eby we may "k ! fact t !y1 al?\gh liv+ 9 ! mid/ ( ! promis$ l&1 _h become incorrigibly wick$ & lic5ti\s4 ,judah1 :o seems to h rank$ z ! head ( ! family1 not)/&+ ! impressive lesson 9 ! case ( ,esau1 took to himself a ,canaaniti% wife1 & 8 elde/ sons became s desp]ately wick$ t1 9 ! language ( ,scripture1 ,god slew !m4 ,ev5 ! salt ( slav]y c\ld n save !m4 ,( ,%elah1 we h no fur!r acc\nt ?an t he w5t into slav]y 9 ,egypt4 ,in/ead ( nurtur+ up 8 family ) propriety & prud5ce1 ,judah seems to h idl$ away 8 "t ) 8 fri5d ! ,adullamite1 hunt+ up ! h>lots ( ! c\ntry4 ,reub5 committ$ ince/2 he w5t up to 8 fa!r's b$4 ,simeon & ,levi1 in/igat$ by feel+s ( rev5ge 9 ! case ( ! ,hivites1 pursu$ su* a c\rse ( deception1 moral fraud1 & murd]1 lead+ on ! re/ ( _! bre?r5 to su* acts ( !ft & robb]y1 t ,jacob 0 con/ra9$ to say1 8,ye h tr\bl$ me1 to make me /9k among ! inhabitants ( ! l&40 ,g54 xxxiv4 #cj4 ,jacob f\nd 8 *ildr5 s lo/ to good morals1 s sunk5 9 hea!nism & idolatry1 t1 hop+ t a *ange ( abode might also produce a *ange ( conduct1 he 0 impell$ to comm& !m1 say+1 8,put away ! /range gods t are among y1 & be clean1 & *ange y\r g>m5ts1 & let u arise & g to ,be!l1 & ,i w make !re an alt> unto ,god40 ,g54 xxxv4 #b1 #c4 ,& let u take occasion "h to notice ! long-suff]+ & lov+-k9dness ( ! ,"l2 =1 no soon] _h !y tak5 ?is resolution1 ?an ,jehovah1 to enc\rage & make !m /eadfa/ 9 ?is new attempt 9 ! pa?s ( virtue1 aga9 appe>$ to ,jacob3 8,& ,god said unto him1 ,i am ,god ,almighty2 a nation1 & a company ( nations %all be ( !e1 & k+s %all come out ( ?y lo9s4 ,& ! l& :i* ,i gave to ,abraham & to ,isaac1 to !e ,i w give x1 & to ?y se$ aft] !e w ,i give ! l&40 ,g54 xxxv4 #aa1 #ab4 8,b ! s[ t 0 wa%$ has return$ to h] wall[+ 9 ! mire40 #b ,pet4 ii4 #bb4 ,& :at is ! next prom95t /ate ( moral /&+ 9 :i* we f9d ?is family8 ,! "y & unsuspect+ ,joseph br\ght unto 8 fa!r _! evil report1 & h5ce _! rev5ge4 8,& :5 !y saw him af> (f1 ev5 be=e he came ne> unto !m1 !y conspir$ aga9/ him to slay him4 99 99 99 ,& !y sold ,joseph to ! ,i%maelites = tw5ty pieces ( silv]40 ,g54 xxxvii4 #b1 & xviii4 #bh4 ,& aga9/ ! de$ ( fratricide !re 0 b "o diss5t+ voice & he1 ^: voice x 01 d>$ n boldly to oppose !m4 ,he _h n ! moral c\rage to cont5d4 ,sometimes1 9 ! conduct ( m51 !re may be a s+le act t gives /rong] pro( ( deep1 condemn+ depravity1 ?an a :ole life o!rwise sp5t 9 wanton1 wilful wick$ness & s5sual s94 ,_! betrayal ( ! confid5ce ( an innoc5t & confid+ bro!r1 :o nei!r _h ! w nor ! p[] to injure !m1 ^: only wi% 0 _! welf>e1 bespeaks a degradation ( guilt1 a deep & abid+ hypocrisy ( s\l be=e ,god & man1 & a g5]al read9ess to ! commission ( crimes ( s d>k a dye1 t1 x w\ld seem to moral view1 no oblations ( ! good1 nor ev5 ! pray]s ( ! j1 c\ld wa% & wipe away ! /a94 ,dur+ ! hi/ory ( all "t1 has ,god ev] *os5 su* wret*es to become ! f\nd]s ( an empire--8 own peculi>1 *os5 p8 ,on ! contr>y1 has n 8 w1 z express$ by revelation1 & by ! acts ( 8 provid5ce1 = ev] be5 ! rev]se ( su* a supposition8 ,! laws ( ,god are un*angeable3 at all times & among all p1 ! premises be+ ! same1 _! op]ation has be5 & w ev] be ! same4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,iii4 8,let fav\r be %[$ to ! wick$1 yet w he n le>n righte\sness2 9 ! l& ( uprightness w he deal unju/ly1 & w n behold ! maje/y ( ! ,"l40 ,isa4 xxvi4 #aj4 8,8 own iniquities %all take ! wick$ himself1 & he %all be hold5 by ! cords ( 8 s9s40 ,prov4 v4 #bb4 8,b x %all come to pass1 if ?\ wilt n he>k5 unto ! voice ( ! ,"l ?y ,god1 to obs]ve to d all 8 comm&m5ts1 & 8 /atutes1 :i* ,i comm& !e ?is day2 t all ^! curses %all come ^u !e1 & ov]take !e3 8,curs$ %alt ?\ be 9 ! city1 & curs$ %alt ?\ be 9 ! field2 curs$ %alt ?\ be 9 ?y basket & ?y /ore2 curs$ %all be ! fruit ( ?y body & ! fruit ( ?y l&2 ! increase ( ?y lo9s1 & ! flocks ( ?y %eep4 ,curs$ %alt ?\ be :5 ?\ come/ 92 & curs$ %alt ?\ be :5 ?\ goe/ out4 ,! ,"l %all s5d ^u !e curs+1 vexation & rebuke 9 all ?\ sette/ ?y h& unto = to d1 until ?\ be de/roy$1 & until ?\ p]i% quickly2 because ( ! wick$ness ( ?y do+s1 :]eby ?\ ha/ =sak5 me4 ,& ! ,"l %all br+ !e into ,egypt aga9 ) %ips1 ! way :]e( ,i spake unto !e4 ,?\ %alt see x no m aga92 & !re ye %all be sold unto y\r enemies = bondm5 7 la eb$im1 = slaves7 & bondwom5 7 ve li%eppaho?1 & = female slaves71 & no man %all buy y40 7,t is1 !y %\ld be wor?less47 ,deut4 xxviii4 #ae-fh4 ,su*1 !n1 are ! un*angeable laws ( ,god t\*+ man's disob$i5ce & non-con=mity2 &1 9 ?is in/ance ( _! application1 h be5 se5 fulfill$1 ) wond] & a/oni%m5t1 by ! :ole _w4 ,consi/5t ) ! laws ( ,god & ! provid5ce ( ,jehovah1 !re 0 no o!r way to make any ?+ out ( ! wick$ family ( ,jacob2 no o!r means to fulfil 8 promise to ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob1 except to prep>e !m 9 ! s*ool ( adv]sity2 to r$uce !m "u ! sev]e h& ( a ma/]2 to place !m 9 slav]y1 until1 by its compulsive op]ation t5d+ to _! m5tal1 moral1 & physical improvem5t1 !y w\ld become fitt$ to enjoy ! bless+ promis$ _! fa!rs4 8,compel !m to come 91 t my h\se may be fill$40 ,luke xiv4 8,& :5 ! sun 0 go+ d[n a deep sleep fell ^u ,abraham1 & a horror ( great d>kness fell ^u him2 & ,he 7! ,"l7 said unto ,abram1 ,"k ( a surety t ?y se$ %all be a /rang] 9 a /range l& t is n !irs1 & %all s]ve 7 va ebadum1 %all be slaves to7 !m2 & !y %all afflict !m f\r hundr$ ye>s40 ,g54 xv4 #ab1 #ac4 ,god =esaw :at condition ! wick$ family ( ,jacob w\ld =ce !mselves into2 nor is x a matt] ( surprise t x fill$ ! m9d ( ,abram ) horror4 ,god nev] acts contr>y to 8 own laws4 ,! ,israelites1 9 slav]y f\r hundr$ ye>s "u h>d & cruel ma/]s1 kept closely b\nd to sev]e lab\r1 & all ! att5dants ( slav]y1 _h no "t to run into deep] s9s4 ,! humility ( _! condition & di/9ction ( race w\ld be "s prev5tive to amalgamation1 & a pres]vative to _! purity ( blood2 & w\ld lead !m also to contemplate & wor%ip ! ,god ( ,abraham4 ,& let x ev] be rememb]$ t ! wor%ip ( ,god is ! v highway to intellectual1 moral1 & physical improvem5t1 h[ev] sl[1 "u ! circum/ances1 0 _! progress4 ,let u take ! family ( ,jacob1 at ! "t ( ! sell+ ( ,joseph1 &1 f :at _! conduct _h be5 & !n 01 =m "s conjecture ( :at w\ld h be5 ! provid5ce ( ,god1 t\*+ _! race1 at ! close ( ! !n com+ f\r hundr$ ye>s1 _h n ! ,div9e ,m9d se5 fit to s5d !m into slav]y4 ,does x require mu* intellectual lab\r to set =? _! ultimate condition8 ,w\ld n ! result h be5 _! total annihilation by ! action ( ! surr\nd+ tribes2 or _! equally c]ta9 national ext9ction by _! amalgamation ) !m8 ,if1 by ! provid5ce ( ,god1 z manife/$ among m5 ?r\gh all "t1 "o ( ^! conditions mu/ h atta*$ to !m1 !n w x foll[ t1 to !m1 slav]y 0 _! salvation1--"u ! circum/ances ( ! case1 ! only ?+ t c\ld pres]ve !m f dea? & ext9ction on e>?4 ,"u su* view ( ! facts1 & ! salvatory influ5ce ( ! in/itution1 slav]y w be hail$ by ! good1 pi\s1 & godly-m9d$1 z an emanation f ! ,div9e ,m9d1 portray+ a fa!rly c>e1 & a wat*ful m]cy to a fall5 _w1 on a p>allel ) ! g5]al b5evol5ce ( t ,deity :o compreh5d$ 8 own "w1 & ! welf>e ( 8 creatures4 ,! slav]y ( ! ,israelites 9 ,egypt = ! t]m ( f\r hundr$ ye>s 0 a s5t5ce pron\nc$ aga9/ !m by ,jehovah himself1 :o _h previ\sly promis$ !m great worldly bless+s1 prec$$ by ! promise ( 8 own spiritual =be>ance1 ( 8 own holy m]cy1 z ! ultimate design ( 8 provid5ce t[>ds !m4 ,& we n[ ask him1 :o d5ies t ! design ( ?is t]m ( slav]y 0 to ameliorate & suitably prep>e t wick$ race = ! reception & enjoym5t ( ! promises made1 to extricate himself f ! difficulties 9 :i* su* d5ial w involve ! subject4 ,we are aw>e t !re are a class ( m5 s holy 9 _! own sight1 t1 f :at !y say1 "o might judge !y felt capable ( dictat+ to ,jehovah rules = 8 conduct1 & t !y spurn 9 him all t :i* _! view does n compreh5d4 ,d su* =get1 :5 !y /ret* =? _! h&1 imag9+ ,god to be t :i* suits !m1 b :i* he is n1 t !y make an idol1 & are z mu* idolat]s z !y w\ld be _h !y sub/itut$ wood & /one8 ,su*1 ,god w judge4 ,we h no hope our feeble voice w be he>d :]e ! m9d is ?us e/abli%$ ^u ! presumption ( moral purity--we might say div9e =esight4 ,b1 by a m humble class1 we claim to be he>d1 t1 z mortal m51 reason+ by ! light x ha? pleas$ ,god to give1 we may take c\nsel toge!r 9 ! review ( 8 provid5ces1 z v\*saf$ to man1 &1 by 8 bless+ be enabl$ to see en\gh to ju/ify ! ways ( ! ,almighty aga9/ ! sl&]s ( 8 & our enemy4 ,! !ological /ud5t w notice ! fact ( ! holy books ab\nd+ ) ! doctr9e t ! *a/5+s ( ! ,"l op]ate ! moral1 m5tal1 & physical improvem5t ( ! *a/is$2 & t su* *a/5+s are ev] adm9i/]$ = t purpose1 & ^u ^? ^: s9s call x d[n ^u !m4 8,my son1 despise n ! *a/5+s ( ! ,"l2 nei!r be we>y ( correction3 = ^? :om ! ,"l love? he correcte?2 ev5 z a fa!r ! son 9 :om he delighte?40 ,prov4 iii4 #aa1 #ab4 8,?us sai? ! ,"l1 :]e is ! bill ( ?y "m's divorcem5t1 :om ,i h put away8 ,or :i* ( my cr$itors is x to :om ,i h sold y8 ,behold1 = y\r iniquities h ye sold y\rselves1 & = y\r transgressions is y\r "m put away40 ,isa4 l4 #a4 ,! g>d5 ( ! slugg>d produces we$s & want4 ,we "k a man ( :om x may be said1 he is in(f5sive2 b he is ?riftless1 indol5t1 & !re=e mis]able4 ,he has nev] le>n$ ^? virtues t w\ld make him respectable or happy4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,iv4 8,b>nes on ,slav]y4 ,an ,inquiry into ! ,scriptural ,views ( ,slav]y40 ,by ,,alb]t ,,b>nes4 ,philadelphia1 #ahdf4 ,9 8 f\r? *apt]1 on ! slav]y ( ! ,israelites 9 ,egypt1 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,b>nes says-- 8,! w ( ,god may (t5 be le>n$ f ! ev5ts ( 8 provid5ce4 ,f 8 deal+s ) an individual1 a class ( m5 or a nation1 we may asc]ta9 :e!r ! c\rse :i* has be5 pursu$ 0 agreeable to 8 w4 ,x is n1 inde$1 always safe to argue t1 because calamities come ^u an individual1 !y are s5t z a puni%m5t on acc\nt ( any peculi>ly aggravat$ s91 or t ^! calamities prove t he is a great] s9n] ?an o!rs2--b :5 a c]ta9 c\rse ( conduct always t5ds to c]ta9 results--:5 !re are laws 9 op]ation 9 ! moral _w z fix$ z 9 ! natural _w--& :5 !re are1 uni=mly1 ei!r direct or indirect int]positions ( ,provid5ce 9 reg>d to any exi/+ in/itutions1 x is n unsafe to inf] f ^! :at is ! ,div9e w4 ,x is n unsafe1 = illu/ration1 to argue1 f ! uni=m effects ( intemp]ance1 9 reg>d to ! w ( ,god4 ,^! effects occur 9 e age ( ! _w1 9 ref]5ce to e class ( m54 ,!re are no exceptions 9 fav\r ( k+s or philosoph]s2 ( ! inhabitants ( any p>ticul> climate or region ( c\ntry2 ( ei!r sex1 or ( any age4 ,! pov]ty & babbl+1 & r$ness ( eyes1 & disease1 eng5d]$ by intemp]ance1 may be reg>d$ )\t dang] ( error1 z expressive ( ! w ( ,god 9 ref]5ce to t habit4 ,!y %[ t !re has be5 a violation ( a great law ( our nature1 orda9$ = our good1 & t su* a violation mu/ always incur ! fr[n ( ! great ,gov]nor ( ! _w4 ,! revelation ( ! m9d ( ,god1 9 su* a case1 is n less cle> ?an 7 ! annunciations ( 8 w on ,s9ai4 8,! same is true 9 reg>d to cities & nations4 ,we ne$ be 9 z little dang]1 9 g5]al1 9 argu+ f :at occurs to !m1 z 9 ! case ( an individual4 ,!re is n[ no d\bt among m5 :y ! old _w 0 de/roy$ by a flood2 :y ,sodom & ,gomorrah 7 consum$2 :y ,tyre1 ,n9eveh1 ,babylon1 & ,j]usalem 7 ov]?r[n4 ,if a c]ta9 c\rse ( conduct1 long pursu$ & 9 a great v>iety ( circum/ances1 leads uni=mly to heal?1 happ9ess1 & prop]ty1 we are 9 little dang] ( inf]r+ t x is 9 accordance ) ! w ( ,god4 ,if x lead to pov]ty & te>s1 we are 9 z little dang] ( error 9 inf]r+ t x is a violation ( "s great law :i* ,god has orda9$ = ! good ( man4 ,if an in/itution among m5 is always foll[$ by c]ta9 results2 if we f9d !m 9 all climes1 & "u all =ms ( gov]nm5t1 & 9 e /age ( society1 x is n unsafe to draw an inf]5ce f ^! facts on ! "q :e!r ,god reg>ds ! in/itution z a good "o1 & "o :i* he designs %all be p]petuat$ = ! good ( society4 8,x w\ld be easy to make an application ( ^! und5iable pr9ciples to ! subject ( slav]y4 ,! inquiry w\ld be1 :e!r1 9 c]ta9 results1 always f\nd to accompany slav]y1 & n[ develop+ !mselves 9 our own c\ntry1 !re are no cle> indications ( :at is ! w ( ,god40 ,we subscribe to ! doctr9e t ,god (t5 reveals 8 w conc]n+ a ?+ by ! acts ( 8 provid5ce affect+ x4 ,b we cont5d t ,god has ext5d$ ! field ( ,*ri/ian vision by a m direct revelation1 & by ! gift ( fai?2 & t ! m9d :i* c nei!r he> ! revelation1 nor feel ! fai?1 is m]ely ! m9d ( a philosoph]1 n ( a ,*ri/ian3 he may be a believ] 9 a ,god1 b n 9 ! ,savi\r ( ! _w4 ,! direction conta9$ 9 ! =ego+ quotation1 by :i* we are to discrim9ate :at are ! w & law ( ,god1 may be consid]$1 :5 pres5t$ by ! m]e tea*] ( abolition1 among ! mo/ artful1 because among ! mo/ insidi\s1 specim5s ( abolition logic4 ,x is artful1 because1 to ! uns*ool$1 x pres5ts all t may seem necess>y 9 ! f\ndation ( a s\nd sy/em ( !ology2 &1 fur!r1 because e bias ( ! human he>t is pr$ispos$ to receive x z an entire plat=m ( doctr9e4 ,x is insidi\s & dang]\s1 because1 al?\gh ! m9d acquiesces 9 its tru?1 yet x is false :5 propos$ z ! lone & full f\ndation ( religi\s belief4 ,on su* secret & hidd5 rocks1 infidelity has ev] e/abli%$ h] lights1 h] beacons to ! b5ight$ voyag]2 &1 9 _! surr\nd+ seas1 ! %allops ( hell h = ev] be5 ! mo/ successful wreck]s1 9 ga!r+ up multitudes ( ! lo/1 to be e/abli%$ z fai?ful subjects ( ! k+dom ( d>kness4 ,! religi\s fanatical !ori/s ( ?is ord] ( abolition writ]s h fur!r only to e/abli% _! doctr9e ab\t ! 8consci5ce10 8inw>d light10 or 8moral s5se10--t x is a di/9ct m5tal p[]1 infallibly tea*+ :at is "r1 intuitively spread+ all tru? be=e !m1--& !y w !n succe$ to qualify man1 a be+ fit to gov]n ! univ]se1 & successfully c>ry on a w> aga9/ ,god6 ,! man ?us prep>$1 if an abolitioni/1 reasons3 8,my consci5ce or moral s5se tea*es me infallible tru?2 !re=e1 my consci5ce is above all law1 or is a #8high] law' ?an ! law ( ! l&4 ,my consci5ce1 feel+s1 & sympa?ies all tea* me t slav]y is wrong4 ,?us ,i h be5 educat$4 ,my consci5ce or moral s5se tea*es me :at are ! laws ( ,god1 )\t possible mi/ake2 & accord+ to _! tea*+1 slav]y is =bidd540 ,9 %ort1 he ?9ks s2 &1 !re=e1 x is s4 ,he 8is wis] 9 8 own conceit ?an sev5 m5 t c r5d] a reason40 ,b we proce$ to notice h[ ! doctr9e ( ! au?or mo/ di/9ctly agrees ) ! precepts ( infidelity4 8,! dei/ d]ives 8 religion by inf]5ce f :at he supposes discov]able ( ! w & attributes ( ,god1 f nature1 & ! c\rse ( ! ,div9e gov]nm5t40,watson's ,!o4 ,in/4 vol4 ii4 p4 #edb4 ,?is le>n$ !ologian diff]s widely f ,mr4 ,b>nes4 ,:5 treat+ ( slav]y1 ,watson frankly admits t we are indebt$ to direct revelation = our k on ! subject4 ,9 page #eef1 he says-- 8,gov]nm5t 9 ma/]s1 z well z 9 fa!rs1 is an appo9tm5t ( ,god1 ?\gh diff]+ 9 circum/ances2 & x is !re=e to be hon\r$4 #8,let z _m s]vants z are "u ! yoke1 c\nt _! own ma/]s wor?y ( all hon\r2' a direction :i* enjo9s bo? respectful ?\ghts & humility & propriety ( ext]nal demean\r t[>ds !m4 ,ob$i5ce to _! comm&s 9 all ?+s lawful is next en=c$2 :i* ob$i5ce is to be gr\nd$ on pr9ciple1 on #8s+l5ess ( he>t z unto ,*ri/2' ?us s]v+ a ma/] ) ! same s9c]ity1 ! same desire to d ! appo9t$ "w well1 z is requir$ ( u by ,*ri/4 ,?is s]vice is also to be *e]ful1 & n wrung out m]ely by a s5se ( duty2 #8n ) eye-s]vice z m5-pleas]s2' n hav+ respect simply to ! approbation ( ! ma/]1 b #8z ! s]vant ( ,*ri/1' mak+ pr(ession ( 8 religion1 #8do+ ! w ( ,god1' 9 ?is bran* ( duty1 #8f ! he>t1' ) alacrity & good feel+4 ,! duties ( s]vants1 /at$ 9 ^! brief precepts1 might easily be %[n to compreh5d e p>ticul> :i* c be ju/ly requir$ ( p]sons 9 ?is /ation2 & ! :ole is en=c$ by a sanction :i* c\ld h no place b 9 a revelation f ,god1--#8,kn[+ t :atsoev] good ?+ any man doe?1 ! same %all he receive ( ! ,"l1 :e!r he be bond or free4' ,eph4 vi4 #e4 ,9 o!r words1 ev5 ! common duties ( s]vants1 :5 fai?fully1 *e]fully1 & pi\sly p]=m$1 are by ,*ri/ianity made rew>dable actions3 #8,( ! ,"l ye %all receive a rew>d4' 8,! duties ( s]vants & ma/]s are1 h[ev]1 /rictly reciprocal4 ,h5ce1 ! apo/le cont9ues 8 injunctions z to ! "r dis*>ge ( ^! relations1 by say+1 imm$iately aft] he _h prescrib$ ! conduct ( s]vants1 #8,& ye ma/]s1 d ! same ?+s unto !m2' t is1 act t[>ds !m ^u ! same equitable1 consci5ti\s1 & b5evol5t pr9ciples z y exact f !m4 ,he !n gr\nds 8 rules1 z to ma/]s1 ^u ! great & influ5tial pr9ciple1 #8kn[+ t y\r ,ma/] is 9 heav52' t y are "u au?ority1 & are acc\ntable to him = y\r conduct to y\r s]vants4 ,?us ma/]s are put "u ! eye ( ,god1 :o n only ma9ta9s _! au?ority1 :5 prop]ly ex]cis$1 by mak+ _! s]vants acc\ntable = any contempt ( x1 & = e o!r failure ( duty1 b holds ! ma/] also himself responsible = its j & mild ex]cise4 ,a solemn & religi\s aspect is ?us at once giv5 to a relation :i* by _m is consid]$ z "o m]ely ( int]e/40 8,all ! di/9ctions ( good & evil ref] to "s pr9ciple above ourselves2 =1 7 !re no ,supreme ,gov]nor & ,judge to rew>d & puni%1 ! v notions ( good & evil w\ld vani% away40 ,ellis on ,div9e ,?+s4 ,! qualities good & evil c only exi/ 9 ! m9d z !y are measur$ by a supreme law4 8,if we d5y ! exi/5ce ( a ,div9e law obligatory on m51 we mu/ d5y t ! _w is "u ,div9e gov]nm5t1 = a gov]nm5t )\t rule or law is a solecism40 ,watson's ,!o4 ,in/4 vol4 i4 p4 #h4 ,div9e laws mu/ be ! subject ( revelation4 ,! law ( a visible p[] _c be kn[n )\t "s indications1 mu* less ! w ( an invisible p[]1 & t1 too1 ( an ord] ( exi/5ce s f> above our own t ev5 its mode is beyond our compreh5sion4 ,v true1 ! provid5ce ( ,god t[>ds any p>ticul> c\rse ( conduct may be tak5 z ! revelation ( 8 w ?us f>1 b1 by no means1 preclude ! necessity ( a m direct revelation1 until man %all be able to boa/ t he compreh5ds ! entire works ( ,jehovah4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,*ri/ian & ! m]e !i/ is1 :ile ! latt] admits t a revelation ( ! w ( ,god is or has be5 made by significant actions1 he cont5ds t is a suffici5t revelation ( ! laws ( ,god = ! guidance ( man4 8,!y :o nev] he>d ( any ext]nal revelation1 yet if !y knew f ! nature ( ?+s :at is fit = !m to d1 !y "k all t ,god c or w require ( !m40 ,*ri/ianity z ,old z ,creation1 p4 #bcc4 8,by employ+ our reason to collect ! w ( ,god f ! fund ( our nature1 physical & moral1 we may acquire n only a p>ticul> k ( ^? laws1 :i* are d$ucible f !m1 b a g5]al k ( ! mann] 9 :i* ,god is pleas$ to ex]cise 8 supreme p[]s 9 ?is sy/em40 ,bol+broke's ,works1 vol4 v4 p4 #ajj4 8,b !y :o believe ! holy ,scriptures conta9 a revelation ( ,god's w1 d n d5y t indications ( 8 w h be5 made by actions2 b !y cont5d t !y are 9 !mselves imp]fect & insuffici5t1 & t !y 7 n design$ to sup]s$e a direct revelation4 ,!y also hold1 t a direct communication ( ! ,div9e w 0 made to ! prog5itors ( ! human race1 :i* receiv$ additions at subsequ5t p]iods1 & t ! :ole 0 at l5g? embrac$ 9 ! book call$1 by way ( em95ce1 ! ,bible40 ,watson's ,!o4 ,in/4 vol4 i4 p4 #aj4 ,fai? 8is ! sub/ance ( ?+s hop$ =1 ! evid5ce ( ?+s n se540 ,heb4 xi4 #a4 ,z an in/ance ( revelation1 we pres5t ,lev4 xxv4 #a1 & #dd1 #de1 #df4 8,& ! ,"l spake unto ,moses 9 ,m\nt ,s9ai1 say+3 ,bo? ?y bondm5 & bondmaids1 :i* ?\ %alt h1 %all be ( ! hea!n t are r\nd ab\t y2 ( !m %all ye buy bondm5 & bondmaids40 8,moreov]1 ( ! *ildr5 ( ! /rang]s t d soj\rn among y1 ( !m %all ye buy1 & ( _! families t are ) y1 :i* !y begat 9 y\r l&3 & !y %all be y\r possession40 8,& ye %all take !m z an inh]itance = y\r *ildr5 aft] y1 to inh]it !m = a possession1 !y %all be y\r bondm5 = ev]2 b ov] y\r bre?r51 ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 ye %all n rule ov] "o ano!r ) rig\r40 ,"h is direct revelation1 & fai? gives u evid5ce ( ! tru? ( its be+ ( ,div9e orig94 ,mr4 ,b>nes proposes1 by human reason1 )\t ! aid ( revelation & fai?1 to det]m9e :at is ! w ( ,god on ! subject ( slav]y2 & x sugge/s ! inquiry1 ,h[ ext5sive mu/ be ! intellectual p[] ( him :o c reason ) ,god8 8,= he is n a man1 z ,i am1 t ,i %\ld answ] him1 & we %\ld come toge!r 9 judgm5t2 nei!r is any daysman betwixt u1 t might lay 8 h& ^u u bo?40 ,job ix4 #cb1 #cc4 ,we frankly ackn[l$ge1 t1 9 ! inve/igation ( ?is subject1 we %all consid] ! ,div9e au?ority ( ^? writ+s1 :i* are receiv$ by ,*ri/ians z a revelation ( infallible tru?1 z s e/abli%$2 &1 ) all simplicity ( m9d1 exam9e _! cont5ts1 & collect f !m ! in=mation !y pr(ess to conta91 & conc]n+ :i* in=mation x _h become necess>y t ! _w %\ld be exp]im5tally in/ruct$4 ,b ! passage quot$ f ,mr4 ,b>nes gives u a /rong] suspicion ( 8 want ( or?odoxy & ,*ri/ian pr9ciple f its connection ) :at he says1 page #caj3 8,if ! religion ( ,*ri/ all[s su* a lic5se0 7to hold slaves7 8f su* precepts z ^!1 ! ,new ,te/am5t w\ld be ! greate/ curse ev] inflict$ on our race40 ,! fact is1 little c be kn[n ( ,god or 8 law except by fai? & revelation4 ,be+s ^: m5tal p[]s are n inf9ite c nev] arrive at a k ( all ?+s1 nor c we "k any ?+ fully1 only 9 proportion z we compreh5d ! laws influ5c+ x4 ,9 con=mity to ! pres5t limit$ /ate ( our k1 we c only say1 t we arrive at "s little1 by ?ree di/9ct means3 ! s5ses op5 ! door to a sup]ficial p]ception ( ?+s2 ! m5tal p[]s to _! fur!r exam9ation2 :ile fai? gives u a view ( ! sup]9t5d+ control ( ,"o ,almighty ,god4 ,9 ! proportion our s5ses are defective1 our m5tal p[]s defici5t1 & our fai? inactive or awry1--our k w be scanty4 ,! result ( all k is ! p]ception ( tru?4 ,"u ! head ( ! m5tal p[]s1 philosoph]s tell u our k is acquir$ by ?ree me?ods3 intuition1 demon/ration1 & analogy4 ,by intuition !y mean :5 ! m9d p]ceives a c]ta9ty 9 a proposition :]e ! relation is obvi\s1 z x is obvi\s t ! :ole is great] ?an a "p2 & su* propositions !y call axioms4 ,:5 ! relation ( ?+s is n ?us obvi\s1 t is1 :5 ! proposition involves ! det]m9ation ( ! relation betwe5 two or m ?+s ^: relations are n intuitively p]ceiv$1 ! m9d may sometimes come to a c]ta9ty1 conc]n+ ! relation1 by ! int]position ( a *a9 ( axioms2 t is1 ( propositions :]e ! relations are intuitively p]ceiv$4 ,?is is call$ demon/ration4 ,9 all su* cases1 ! m9d w\ld p]ceive ! relation1 & come to a c]ta9ty intuitively1 if adequately cultivat$ & enl>g$2 or1 9 o!r words1 all propositions t n[1 to u1 require demon/ration1 w\ld1 to su* a cultivation1 become m]e axioms3 consequ5tly1 n[1 :]e "o man sees a m]e axiom1 ano!r requires demon/ration4 ,b ! great mass ( our ideas are too imp]fect or too complicat$ to admit ( intuitive conclusions2 consequ5tly1 z to !m1 we c nev] arrive at demon/ration4 ,"h we sub/itute facts2 & reason1 t1 z h]et(ore "o c]ta9 fact has accompani$ ano!r c]ta9 fact1 s x w be h]eaft]4 ,?is is :at ! philosoph]s call analogy4 ,analogy is ?us f\nd$ on exp]i5ce1 & is1 !re=e1 f> less p]fect ?an intuition or demon/ration4 ,t gravitation w always cont9ue is analogical2 we d n "k x intuitively2 nor c we demon/rate x4 ,analogical propositions are1 !re=e1 to u m]e probabilities4 ,b our k has cognizance ( ideas only4 ,^! ideas we sub/itute = ! ?+s !y repres5t1 9 :i* !re is a liability to err4 ,?us a comp\nd idea is an assemblage ( ! prop]ties ( a ?+1 & may be incomplete & inadequate2 :olly diff]5t f any quality 9 ! ?+ itself4 ,:at is our idea ( _s1 col\r1 joy8 ,yet we may conceive an intellig5ce s ext5d$ z to admit t ev5 analogical problems %\ld become intuitive3 ) ,god e ?+ is intuitively kn[n4 ,b ev5 intuitive propositions sometimes rea* beyond our compreh5sion4 ,example--a l9e ( inf9ite l5g? c h no end3 !re=e1 ! half ( an inf9ite l9e w\ld be a l9e also ( inf9ite l5g?4 ,b all l9es ( inf9ite l5g? are ( equal l5g?2 !re=e1 ! half ( an inf9ite l9e is equal to ! :ole4 ,su* fallacies prove t human reason is q limit$ & liable to err3 & h5ce ! importance ( fai? 9 ,god1 9 ! /eadfa/ness ( 8 laws1 & ! c]ta9ty ( _! op]ations4 8,& ,jesus answ]+ said unto !m1 h fai? 9 ,god40 ,m>k xi4 #bb4 8,& :5 !y 7 come1 & _h ga!r$ ! *ur* toge!r1 !y rehe>s$ all t ,god _h done ) !m1 & h[ he _h op5$ ! door ( fai? unto ! ,g5tiles40 ,acts xiv4 #bg4 8,s1 !n1 fai? come? by he>+1 & he>+ by ! ^w ( ,god40 ,romans x4 #ag4 ,t is1 by revelation4 8,n[ fai? is ! sub/ance ( ?+s hop$ =1 ! evid5ce ( ?+s n se540 ,heb4 xi4 #a4 8,b )\t fai? x is impossible to please ,god2 = he t come? to ,god mu/ believe t he is1 & t he is ! rew>d] ( !m t dilig5tly seek him40 ,heb4 xi4 #f4 8,ev5 s fai?1 if x ha? n works1 is dead40 ,james ii4 #ag4 8,& he said1 ,i w hide my face f !m1 ,i w see :at _! end %all be2 = !y are a v fr[>d g5]ation1 *ildr5 9 :om !re is no fai?40 ,deut4 xxxii4 #bj4 ,to :i* add ,romans xii4 #c4 ,^! passages seem to imply an un*angeable reliance on fai? & revelation = all k ( ,god1 8 laws1 & our peace h]eaft]2 & we d feel ! mo/ he>tfelt regret to see ^? :o claim to be religi\s tea*]s1 lay+ ! f\ndation = ! mo/ gross infidelity4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,v4 ,on page #f1 ,mr4 ,b>nes says-- 8,! "w0 78 own7 8:i* is n[ submitt$ to ! public1 is limit$ to an exam9ation ( ! ,scripture argum5t on ! subject ( slav]y40 ,n[1 if x %all appe> t 8 ex]tion has univ]sally be5 to gloss ov] ! ,scripture1 or /ra9 x into "s mean+ fav\rable to abolition1 & adv]se to its rational & obvi\s int]pretation1 ! m9d w be =c$ to ! conclusion1 t 8 real object has be5 to hide ! 8,scripture argum5t10 & to limit 8 rese>*es by :at he may deem to be s\nd reason & philosophy2 & let x be rememb]$ t su* has be5 ! con/ant practice or e infidel writ]1 :o has ev] attempt$ to reconcile 8 own peculi> !ories to ! tea*+s ( ! holy books4 8,& ,abram took ,s>ai 8 wife1 & ,lot 8 bro!r's son1 & all _! sub/ance t !y _h ga!r$1 & ! s\ls t !y _h gott5 9 ,h>an & !y w5t =? to g into ! l& ( ,canaan2 & into ! l& ( ,canaan !y came40 ,g54 xii4 #e4 8,& he entreat$ ,abram well = h] sake3 & he _h %eep1 & he-asses1 & m5-s]vants 7 va abadim1 male slaves71 & maid-s]vants 7 vu %ephaho?1 female slaves71 & %e-asses & camels40 xii4 #af4 8,b ,abram said unto ,s>ai1 ,behold ?y maid 7 %iphha!k1 female slave7 is 9 ?y h&2 d unto h] z x please? !e4 ,& :5 ,s>ai dealt h>dly by h]1 %e fl$ f h] face4 ,& ! angel ( ! ,"l f\nd h] by a f\nta9 ( wat] 9 ! wild]ness1 by ! f\nta9 9 ! way to ,%ur4 ,& he said1 ,hag>1 ,s>ai's maid 7 %iphha?1 female slave71 :5ce came/ ?\ & :i!r wilt ?\ g8 ,& %e said1 ,i flee f ! face ( my mi/ress ,s>ai2 & ! angel ( ! ,"l said unto h]1 ,return to ?y mi/ress & submit ?yself unto h] h&s40 ,g54 xvi4 #f-i4 8,& ,god said unto ,abraham1 ,?\ %alt keep my cov5ant40 99 99 99 8,?is is my cov5ant40 99 99 99 8,& he t is eight days old %all be circumcis$ among y1 e man-*ild 9 y\r g5]ations1 he t is born 9 ! h\se1 or b\ght ) money ( any /rang] :i* is n ( ?y se$4 ,he t is born 9 ?y h\se1 & he t is b\ght ) ?y money mu/ ne$s be circumcis$2 & my cov5ant %all be 9 y\r fle% = an ev]la/+ cov5ant40 ,g54 xvii4 #i1 #aj1 #ab1 #ac4 8,& all ! m5 ( 8 h\se1 born 9 ! h\se1 & b\ght ) money ( ! /rang]1 7 circumcis$ ) him40 ,v]4 #bg4 8,& ,abimele* took %eep & ox51 & m5-s]vants 7 va abadim1 male slaves71 & wom5-s]vants 7 vu %ephhaho?1 female slaves71 & gave !m unto ,abraham40 ,g54 xx4 #ad4 8,:]e=e %e said unto ,abraham1 ,ca/ out ! bond-woman1 & h] son4 ,= ! son ( ?is bond-woman %all n be heir ) my son1 ev5 ) ,isaac4 ,& ,god said unto ,abraham1 let x n be griev\s 9 ?y sight1 because ( ! lad1 & because ( ?y bond-woman40 99 99 99 8,& also ( ! son ( ! bond-woman ,i w make a nation1 because he is ( ?y se$40 ,g54 xxi4 #aj1 #ab1 #ac4 8,= x is writt5 t ,abraham _h two sons1 ! "o by a bond-maid1 ! o!r by a free-woman4 ,b he :o 0 ( ! bond-woman 0 aft] ! fle%1 b he ( ! free-woman 0 by promise2 nev]!less1 :at sai? ! scripture8 ,ca/ out ! bond-woman & h] son1 = ! son ( ! bond-woman %all n be heir ) ! son ( ! free-woman40 ,gal4 iv4 #bb1 #bc1 #cj4 8,& he said1 ,i am ,abraham's s]vant 7 eb$1 male slave71 & ! ,"l ha? bless$ my ma/] greatly1 & he is become great & he ha? giv5 him flocks & h]ds1 & silv] & gold1 & man-s]vants 7 va abadim1 & male slaves71 & maid-s]vants 7 vu %ephaho?1 & female slaves71 & camels & asses40 ,g54 xxiv4 #cd1 #ce4 8,& ! man wax$ great1 & w5t =w>d1 & grew until he became v great4 ,= he _h possession ( flocks1 & possession ( h]ds1 & great /ore ( s]vants 7 va abudda1 ( slaves71 & ! ,phili/9es envi$ him40 ,g54 xxvi4 #ac1 #ad4 8,& ! man 7,jacob7 increas$ exce$+ly1 & he _h mu* cattle1 & maid-s]vants 7 vu %ephaho?1 & female slaves17 & m5-s]vants 7 va abadim1 & male slaves71 & camels & asses40 ,g54 xxx4 #dc4 8,& ,i h ox5 & asses1 flocks1 & m5-s]vants 7 ve eb$1 & male slaves71 & wom5-s]vants 7 ve %iphha1 & female slaves74 ,& ,i h s5t to tell my "l t ,i may f9d grace 9 ?y sight40 ,g54 xxxii4 #e4 ,let u n[ notice h[ ,mr4 ,b>nes treats ! records "h quot$4 ,he says1 page #gj-- 8,"s ( ! s]vants held by ! patri>*s 7 #8b\ght ) money4' ,mu* reliance is laid on ?is by ! advocates ( slav]y1 9 ju/ify+ ! pur*ase1 & consequ5tly1 z !y seem to reason1 ! sale ( slaves n[2 & x is1 !re=e1 ( importance1 to inquire1 h[ f> ! fact /at$ is a ju/ification ( slav]y z x exi/s at pres5t4 ,b "o in/ance occurs1 9 ! case ( ! patri>*s1 :]e x is said t s]vants 7 #8b\ght ) money4' ,?is is ! case ( ,abraham1 ,g54 xvii4 #ab1 #ac4 #8,& he t is eight days old %all be circumcis$ among y1 e man-*ild 9 y\r g5]ations2 he t is born 9 ! h\se1 or b\ght ) money ( any /rang]1 :i* is n ( ?y se$2 he t is born 9 ?y h\se1 & he t is b\ght ) ?y money1 mu/ ne$s be circumcis$4' ,comp>e v]ses #bc1 #bg4 ,?is is ! only in/ance 9 :i* !re is m5tion ( ! fact t any "o ( ! patri>*s _h p]sons 9 _! employm5t :o 7 b\ght ) money4 ,! only o!r case :i* occurs at t p]iod ( ! _w is t ( ! sale ( ,joseph1 fir/ to ! ,i%maelites1 & !n to ! ,egyptians--a case :i*1 x is believ$1 has too close a resemblance to slav]y z x exi/s 9 our own c\ntry1 ev] to be ref]r$ to ) mu* satisfaction by ! advocates ( ! sy/em4 ,9 ! case1 moreov]1 ( ,abraham1 x %\ld be rememb]$ t x is ! record ( a m]e fact4 ,!re is no comm& to buy s]vants or to sell !m1 or to hold !m z prop]ty--any m ?an !re 0 a comm& to ! bre?r5 ( ,joseph to ent] 9 to a negotiation = ! sale ( _! bro!r4 ,nor is !re any approbation express$ ( ! fact t !y 7 b\ght2 unless ! comm& giv5 to ,abraham to affix to !m ! seal ( ! cov5ant1 & to recognise !m z bre?r5 9 ! fai? :i* he held1 %\ld be con/ru$ z su* evid5ce ( approval4 8,! inquiry !n pres5ts itself1 :e!r ! fact t !y 7 b\ght det]m9es any ?+ ) c]ta9ty 9 reg>d to ! nature ( ! s]vitude1 or to ! propriety ( slav]y z practis$ n[4 ,! ,hebrew1 9 ! passages ref]r$ to 9 ,g5esis1 is #8! born 9 ?y h\se1 & ! pur*ase ( silv]1' -- mi kna? keseph--n incorrectly r5d]$1 #8^? b\ght ) money4' ,! v]b kn1 f :i* ! n\n "h is d]iv$1 & :i* is commonly us$ 9 ! ,scriptures :5 ! pur*ase ( slaves is ref]r$ to1 means to set upright or erect1 to f\nd or create4 ,g54 xiv4 #ai1 #bb4 ,deut4 xxxii4 #f2 to get = oneself1 to ga9 or acquire4 ,prov4 iv4 #g1 xv4 #cb2 to obta91 ,g54 iv4 #a2 & to buy1 or pur*ase1 ,g54 xxv4 #aj2 xlvii4 #bb4 ,9 ?is latt] s5se x is (t5 us$1 & ) ! same latitude ( signification z ! ^w buy or pur*ase is ) u4 ,x is mo/ commonly r5d]$ by ! words buy & pur*ase 9 ! ,scriptures4 ,see ,g54 xxv4 #aj2 xlvii4 #bb2 xlix4 #cj2 #a4 #ac2 ,jo%4 xxiv4 #cb2 #b ,sam4 xii4 #c2 ,ps4 lxxviii4 #ed2 ,deut4 xxxii4 #f2 ,lev4 xxvii4 #bd1 & v (t5 else:]e4 ,x is appli$ to ! pur*ase ( fields1 ( cattle1 ( m51 & ( e ?+ :i* 0 or c\ld be reg>d$ z prop]ty4 ,z !re is express m5tion ( silv] or money 9 ! passage be=e u respect+ ! s]vants ( ,abraham1 !re is no d\bt t ! expression means t he paid a price = a "p ( 8 s]vants4 ,a "p ( !m 7 #8born 9 8 h\se2' a "p _h be5 #8b\ght ) money' f #8/rang]s1' or 7 =eign]s4 8,b /ill1 ?is use ( ! ^w 9 itself det]m9es no?+ 9 reg>d to ! t5ure by :i* !y 7 held1 or ! nature ( ! s]vitude to :i* !y 7 subject$4 ,x does n prove t !y 7 reg>d$ z prop]ty 9 ! s5se 9 :i* a slave is n[ reg>d$ z a *attel2 nor does x demon/rate t ! "o :o 0 b\ght ceas$ to be reg>d$ altoge!r z a man2 or t x 0 reg>d$ z "r to sell him aga94 ,! fact t he 0 to be circumcis$ z "o ( ! family ( ,abraham1 c]ta9ly does n look z if he ceas$ to be reg>d$ z a man4 8,! ^w r5d]$ buy or pur*ase 9 ! ,scriptures1 is appli$ to s _m k9ds ( pur*ases1 t no safe argum5t c be f\nd$ on its use 9 reg>d to ! k9d ( s]vitude :i* exi/$ 9 ! "t ( ,abraham4 ,a ref]5ce to a few cases :]e ?is ^w is us$1 w %[ t no?+ is det]m9$ by x respect+ ! t5ure by :i* ! ?+ pur*as$ 0 held4 7#a47 ,x is us$ 9 ! common s5se ( ! ^w pur*ase z appli$ to inanimate ?+s1 :]e ! prop]ty w\ld be absolute4 ,g54 xlii4 #b1 #g2 xliii4 #bj2 xlvii4 #ai2 xxx4 #ai4 7#b47 ,x is appli$ to ! pur*ase ( cattle1 :]e ! prop]ty may be suppos$ to be z absolute4 ,see ,g54 xlvi4 #bb1 #bd2 iv4 #bj2 ,job xxxvi4 #cc2 ,deut4 iii4 #ai2 & (t51 7#c47 ,god is repres5t$ z hav+ b\ght 8 p2 t is1 z hav+ ransom$ !m ) a price1 or pur*as$ !m to himself4 ,deut4 xxxii4 #f3 #8,is he n ?y ,fa!r t ha? b\ght !e8' --knkh1 ?y pur*as]4 ,exod4 xv4 #af3 #8,by ! greatness ( ?9e arm !y %all be /ill z a /one1 till ?y p pass ov]2 till ! p pass ov] :i* ?\ ha/ pur*as$1' 1kni?4 ,see ,ps4 lxxiv4 #b4 ,comp>e ,isa4 xliii4 #c3 #8,i gave ,egypt = ?y ransom1 ,e?iopia & ,seba = !e4' ,b ?\gh ! ^w pur*ase is us$ 9 relation to ! r$emption ( ! p ( ,god1 ! v ^w :i* is us$ respect+ ! s]vants ( ,abraham1 no "o w ma9ta9 t !y 7 held z slaves1 or reg>d$ z prop]ty4 ,:o c tell b :at ,abraham pur*as$ 8 s]vants 9 "s su* way1 by r$eem+ !m f gall+ captivity8 ,may !y n h be5 prison]s 9 w>1 to :om he did an ine/imable s]vice 9 rescu+ !m f a condition ( griev\s & hopeless bondage8 ,may !y n h be5 slaves 9 ! /rict & prop] s5se1 & may n 8 act ( pur*as+ !m h be51 9 fact1 a species ( emancipation 9 a way simil> to t 9 :i* ,god emancipates 8 p f ! gall+ s]vitude ( s98 ,! m]e act ( pay+ a price = !m no m implies t he cont9u$ to hold !m z slaves1 ?an x does n[ :5 a man pur*ases 8 wife or *ild :o h be5 held z slaves1 or ?an ! fact t ,god has r$eem$ 8 p by a price1 implies t he reg>ds !m z slaves4 7#d47 ,among ! ,hebrews a man might sell himself1 & ?is transaction on ! "p ( him to :om he sold himself w\ld be repres5t$ by ! ^w b\ght4 ,?us1 9 ,lev4 xxv4 #dg1 #dh3 #8,& if a soj\rn] or a /rang] wax ri* by !e1 & ?y bro!r t dwelle? by him wax poor1 & sell himself unto ! /rang] or soj\rn] by !e1 or to ! /ock ( ! /rang]'s family1 aft] t he is sold1 he may be r$eem$ aga94' ,?is transaction is repres5t$ z a pur*ase4 ,v]4 #ej3 #8,& he %all reckon ) him t b\ght him1 7,heb4 8 pur*as]1 konaih71 f ! ye> t he 0 sold unto ! ye> ( jubilee1' c4 ,?is 0 a m]e pur*ase ( "t or s]vice4 ,x gave no "r to sell ! man aga91 or to reta9 him 9 any ev5t beyond a c]ta9 p]iod1 or to reta9 him at all1 if 8 fri5ds *ose to int]pose & r$eem him4 ,x gave no "r ( prop]ty 9 ! man1 any m ?an ! pur*ase ( ! unexpir$ "t ( an appr5tice1 or ! #8pur*ase' ( ! poor 9 ! ,/ate ( ,connecticut does4 ,9 no prop] s5se ( ! ^w c\ld ?is be call$ slav]y4 7#e47 ,! ^w buy or pur*ase 0 sometimes appli$ to ! mann] 9 :i* a wife 0 procur$4 ,?us ,boaz is repres5t$ z say+ t he _h b\ght ,ru?4 #8,moreov]1 ,ru? ! ,moabitess1 ! wife ( ,mahlon1 h ,i pur*as$ 7 kni?i7 to be my wife4' ,"h ! ^w appli$ to ! mann] 9 :i* ,abraham became possess$ ( 8 s]vants1 is appli$ to ! mann] 9 :i* a wife 0 procur$4 ,s ,hosea says1 7*4 iii4 #b17 #8,s ,i b\ght h] to me 7ano!r ^w1 h[ev]1 be+ us$ 9 ! ,hebrew1 kr7 = fifte5 pieces ( silv]1 & = an hom] ( b>ley1 & an half hom] ( b>ley4' ,jacob pur*as$ 8 wives1 ,leah & ,ra*el1 n inde$ by ! paym5t ( money1 b by lab\r4 ,g54 xxix4 #ae-bc4 ,t ! practice ( pur*as+ a wife1 or pay+ a d[ry = h]1 0 common1 is app>5t f ,exod4 xxii4 #ag2 #a ,sam4 xviii4 #be4 ,comp>e ,judg4 i4 #ab1 #ac4 ,yet x w n be ma9ta9$ t ! wife among ! ,hebrews1 0 9 any prop] s5se a slave1 or t %e 0 reg>d$ z subject to ! laws :i* regulate prop]ty1 or t ! husb& _h a "r to sell h] aga94 ,9 a l>ge s5se1 inde$1 %e 0 reg>d$1 z ! conductors ( ! ,pr9ceton ,rep]tory 7#ahcf1 p4 #bic7 allege1 z ! wife is n[1 z ! prop]ty ( h] husb&2 t is1 %e 0 8 to ! exclusion ( ! claim ( any o!r man2 b %e 0 8 z 8 wife1 n z 8 slave4 7#f47 ,! ^w #8b\ght' occurs 9 a transaction betwe5 ,joseph & ! p ( ,egypt 9 su* a way z f>!r to expla9 its mean+4 ,:51 dur+ ! fam9e1 ! money ( ! ,egyptians _h fail$1 & ,joseph _h pur*as$ all ! l&1 ! p propos$ to become 8 s]vants4 ,:5 ! contract 0 clos$1 ,joseph said to !m1 #8,behold1 ,i h b\ght y ---- & y\r l& = ,ph>aoh4' ,g54 xlvii4 #bc4 ,! nature ( ?is contract is imm$iately specifi$4 ,!y 7 to be reg>d$ z lab\r+ = ,ph>aoh4 ,! l& belong$ to him1 & ,joseph furni%$ ! p se$1 or #8/ock$ ! l&1' & !y 7 to cultivate x on %>es = ,ph>aoh4 ,! fif? "p 0 to be 81 & ! o!r f\r p>ts 7 to be !irs4 ,!re 0 a claim on !m = lab\r1 b x does n appe> t ! claim ext5d$ f>!r4 ,no f>m]s :o n[ "w l& on %>es w\ld be will+ to h _! condition describ$ z "o ( slav]y4 8,! conclusion :i* we rea* f ?is exam9ation ( ! words buy & b\ght z appli$ to ! case ( ,abraham is1 t ! use ( ! ^w det]m9es no?+ 9 reg>d to ! t5ure by :i* 8 s]vants 7 held4 ,!y may h be5 pur*as$ f ^? :o _h tak5 !m z captives 9 w>1 & ! pur*ase may h be5 reg>d$ by !mselves z a species ( r$emption1 or a mo/ desirable rescue f ! fate :i* usually att5ds su* captives--p]*ance f dea?4 ,! prop]ty :i* x 0 und]/ood t he _h 9 !m may h be5 m]ely prop]ty 9 _! "t1 & n 9 _! p]sons2 or ! pur*ase may h am\nt$ 9 fact to e ?+ t is desirable 9 emancipation2 &1 f any ?+ impli$ 9 ! ^w1 _! subsequ5t s]vice 9 ! family ( ,abraham may h be5 entirely volunt>y4 ,x is a v mat]ial circum/ance1 also1 t !re is n ! slighte/ evid5ce t ei!r ,abraham1 ,isaac1 or ,jacob ev] sold a slave1 or (f]$ "o = sale1 or reg>d$ !m z liable to be sold4 ,!re is no evid5ce t _! s]vants ev5 desc5d$ z a "p ( an inh]itance f fa!r to son4 ,s f>1 inde$1 z ! acc\nts 9 ! ,scriptures g1 x w\ld be impossible to prove t !y w\ld n h be5 at lib]ty at any "t to leave _! ma/]s1 if !y _h *os5 to d s4 ,! passage1 !re=e1 :i* says t ,abraham _h #8s]vants b\ght ) money1' _c be adduc$ to ju/ify slav]y z x exi/s n[--ev5 if ?is 7 all t we "k ab\t x4 ,b 7#d47 s]vitude 9 ! days ( ,abraham mu/ h exi/$ 9 a v mild =m1 & h _h features :i* slav]y by no means has n[4 ,almo/ ! only transaction :i* is m5tion$ 9 reg>d to ! s]vants ( ,abraham1 is "o :i* c\ld nev] occur 9 ! slave-hold+ p>ts ( our c\ntry4 ,a m>aud+ exp$ition ( petty k+s came f ! nor? & ea/1 & laid wa/e ! c\ntry ar\nd ! vale ( ,siddim1 ne> to :i* ,abraham liv$1 &1 among o!r spoils ( battle1 !y c>ri$ away ,lot & 8 possessions4 ,abraham1 x is said1 !n #8arm$ 8 tra9$ s]vants1 born 9 8 own h\se1 ?ree hundr$ & eighte51 & pursu$ !m unto ,dan1' & rescu$ ! family ( ,lot & 8 goods4 ,g54 xiv4 ,?is n>rative is "o t mu/ = ev] %[ t s]vitude1 z x exi/$ 9 ! family ( ,abraham1 0 a v diff]5t ?+ f :at x is 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! numb] 0 l>ge1 & x does n appe> t any p]sons b 8 s]vants accompani$ ,abraham4 ,!y all 7 arm$4 ,!y 7 l$ (f on a di/ant exp$ition1 :]e !re c\ld h be5 no p[] 9 ,abraham to pres]ve 8 life1 if !y _h *os5 to rise up aga9/ him1 & no p[] to recov] !m1 if !y _h *os5 to set !mselves free4 ,yet he felt himself entirely safe :5 accompani$ ) ?is b& ( arm$ m51 & :5 f> away f 8 family & 8 home4 ,:at mu/ h be5 ! nature ( s]vitude1 :]e ! ma/] 0 will+ to arm su* a company1 to put himself entirely at _! disposal1 & lead !m (f to a di/ant l&8 8,comp>e ?is ) ! condition ( ?+s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,"h1 x is reg>d$ z ess5tial to ! security ( ! life ( ! ma/] t slaves %all nev] be intru/$ ) arms4 #8,a slave is n all[$ to keep or c>ry a weapon4',a #8,he _c g f ! t5em5t ( 8 ma/]1 or o!r p]son ) :om he lives1 )\t a pass1 or some?+ to %[ t he is proce$+ by au?ority f 8 ma/]1 employ]1 or ov]se]4',b #8,= keep+ or c>ry+ a gun1 or p[d]1 or %ot1 or club1 or o!r weapon :atsoev]1 (f5sive or def5sive1 a slave incurs1 = ea* (f5ce1 ?irty-n9e la%es1 by ord] ( a ju/ice ( ! peace2',c & 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a & ,t5nessee1 tw5ty la%es1 by ! ne>e/ con/able1 )\t a conviction by ! ju/ice4,d ,"h1 !re is e precaution f laws1 & f ! dread ( ! mo/ fe>ful k9d ( puni%m5t1 aga9/ ! escape ( slaves4 ,"h1 !re is a con/ant appreh5sion t !y may rise aga9/ _! ma/]s1 & e security is tak5 aga9/ _! organization & comb9ation4 ,"h1 !re is probably n a s+le ma/] :o w\ld1 if he own$ ?ree hundr$ slaves1 d>e to put arms 9 _! h&s1 & lead !m (f on an exp$ition aga9/ a foe4 ,if ! uni=m precautions & c>e at ! ,s\? aga9/ arm+ ! slaves1 or all[+ !m to become acqua9t$ ) _! own /r5g?1 be any expression ( ! nature ( ! sy/em1 slav]y 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is a v diff]5t ?+ f s]vitude 9 ! "t ( ,abraham2 & x does n prove t 9 ! species ( s]vitude exi/+ "h x is "r to ref] to ! case ( ,abraham1 & to say t x is #8a good patri>*al sy/em4' ,let ! cases be made p>allel be=e ! names ( ! patri>*s are call$ 9 to ju/ify ! sy/em4 ,b-- 87#e47 ,:at real support w\ld x furni% to ! sy/em1 ev5 if x 7 true t ! cases 7 :olly p>allel8 ,h[ f> w\ld x g to demon/rate t ,god reg>ds x z a good sy/em1 & "o t is to be p]petuat$1 9 ord] t society may rea* its highe/ possible elevation8 ,:o w\ld und]take to v9dicate all ! conduct ( ! patri>*s1 or to ma9ta9 t all :i* !y practis$ 0 9 accordance ) ! w ( ,god8 ,!y practis$ concub9age & polygamy4 ,is x !re=e c]ta9 t ?is 0 ! highe/ & pure/ /ate ( society1 & t x 0 a /ate :i* ,god design$ %\ld be p]petuat$8 ,abraham & ,isaac 7 guilty ( falsehood & deception1 7,g54 xx4 #b1 seq42 xxvi4 #g27 ,jacob secur$ ! bir?right by a collusive fraud betwe5 him & 8 "m1 7,g54 xxvii47 & obta9$ no small "p ( 8 prop]ty by cunn+1 7,g54 xxx4 #cf-dc17 & ,noah 0 drunk ) w9e1 7,g54 ix4 #ba27 & ^! ?+s are record$ m]ely z facts1 )\t any decid$ expression ( disapprobation2 b is x !re=e to be inf]r$ t !y _h ! approbation ( ,god1 & t !y are to be practis$ /ill1 9 ord] to secure ! highe/ condition ( society8 8,take ! s+le case ( polygamy4 ,admitt+ t ! patri>*s held slaves1 ! argum5t 9 fav\r ( polygamy1 f _! conduct1 w\ld be1 9 all its ma9 features1 ! same z t :i* ,i sugge/$1 9 ! comm5cem5t ( ?is *apt]1 z employ$ 9 fav\r ( slav]y4 ,! argum5t w\ld be ?is3--,t !y 7 good m51 ! #8fri5ds ( ,god1' & t :at su* m5 practis$ freely _c be wrong2 t ,god p]mitt$ ?is2 t he n[h]e =bade x2 t he did n record 8 disapprobation ( ! practice2 & t :atev] ,god p]mitt$ 9 su* circum/ances1 )\t express+ 8 disapprobation1 mu/ be reg>d$ z 9 itself a good ?+1 & z desirable to be p]petuat$1 9 ord] t society may rea* ! highe/ po9t ( elevation4 ,x is p]fectly cle> t1 s f> z ! conduct ( ! patri>*s goes1 x w\ld be j z easy to con/ruct an argum5t 9 fav\r ( polygamy z 9 fav\r ( slav]y--ev5 on ! supposition t slav]y exi/$ !n ess5tially z x does n[4 ,b x is n probable t polygamy w\ld be def5d$ n[ z a good in/itution1 & z "o t has ! approbation ( ,god1 ev5 by ^? :o def5d ! dome/ic in/itutions ( ! ,s\?4' ,! tru? is1 t ! patri>*s 7 good m5 9 _! g5]ation1 &1 consid]+ _! circum/ances1 7 m5 em95t = piety4 ,b !y 7 imp]fect m52 !y liv$ 9 ! infancy ( ! _w2 !y _h comp>atively little light on ! subjects ( morals & religion2 & x is a v feeble argum5t :i* ma9ta9s t a ?+ is "r1 because any "o or all ( ! patri>*s practis$ x4 8,b aft] all1 :at real sanction did ,god ev] give ei!r to polygamy or to s]vitude1 z x 0 practis$ 9 ! "t ( ! patri>*s8 ,did he comm& ei!r8 ,did he ev] express approbation ( ei!r8 ,is !re an in/ance 9 :i* ei!r is m5tion$ ) a s5tim5t ( approval8 ,! m]e record ( actual occurr5ces1 ev5 if !re is no decl>$ disapprobation ( !m1 proves no?+ z to ! ,div9e e/imate ( :at is record$4 ,!re is a record ( ! #8sale' ( ,joseph into s]vitude1 fir/ to ! ,i%maelites1 & !n to ,potiph>4 ,!re is no expression ( disapprobation4 ,!re is no exclamation ( surprise or a/oni%m5t1 z if a de$ ( enorm\s wick$ness 7 done1 :5 bro!rs sold _! own bro!r into hopeless captivity4 ,?is 0 done also by ^? :o 7 subsequ5tly reckon$ among ! #8patri>*s1' & "s ( :om at ! "t 7 probably pi\s m54 ,w x be inf]r$ t ,god approv$ ?is transaction2 t he meant to smile on ! act1 :5 bro!rs sell _! own bro!rs into hopeless bondage8 ,w ?is record be adduc$ to ju/ify kidnapp+1 or ! acts ( p>5ts 9 b>b>\s l&s1 :o1 =getful ( all ! laws ( _! nature1 sell _! own *ildr58 ,w ! record t ! ,i%maelites took ! y\?ful ,joseph into a di/ant l&1 & sold him !re z a slave1 be ref]r$ to z furni%+ evid5ce t ,god approves ! conduct ( ^? :o kidnap ! un(f5d+ inhabitants ( ,africa1 or buy !m !re1 & c>ry !m across ! deep1 to be sold into hopeless bondage6 ,:y !n %\ld ! fact t !re is a record t ! patri>*s held s]vants1 or b\ght !m1 )\t any express$ disapprobation ( ! de$1 be adduc$ z evid5ce t ,god reg>ds slav]y z a good in/itution1 & int5ds t x %all be p]petuat$ "u ! influ5ce ( 8 religion1 z conduc+ to ! highe/ good ( society8 ,! tru? is1 t ! m]e record ( a fact1 ev5 )\t any s5tim5t ( approbation or disapprobation1 is no evid5ce ( ! views ( him :o makes x4 ,are we to inf] t ,h]odotus approv$ ( all t he saw or he>d ( 9 8 travels1 & ( :i* he made a record8 ,are we to suppose t ,tacitus & ,livy approv$ ( all ! de$s ! memory ( :i* !y h transmitt$ = ! in/ruction ( future ages8 ,are we to ma9ta9 t ,gibbon & ,hume believ$ t all :i* !y h record$ 0 adapt$ to promote ! good ( mank9d8 ,%all ! biograph] ( ,n]o1 & ,caligula1 & ,ri*>d ,,iii41 & ,alex&] ,,vi41 & ,cs> ,borgia be held responsible = approv+ ( all t ^! m5 did1 or ( comm5d+ _! example to ! imitation ( mank9d8 ,sad w\ld be ! (fice ( an hi/orian 7 he to be ?us judg$4 ,:y !n %all we inf] t ,god approv$ ( all t ! patri>*s did1 ev5 :5 !re is no =mal approbation express$2 or inf]1 because su* transactions h be5 record$1 t !re=e !y are "r 9 8 sight80 ----- ,footnote ,a3 ,rev4 ,cod4 ,virg4 vol4 i4 p4 #dec1 sections #hc1 #hd4 ,footnote ,b3 ,ibid4 vol4 i4 p4 #dbb1 section #f4 ,see ,pauld+ on ,slav]y1 p4 #adf4 ,footnote ,c3 #b ,litt4 & ,smi4 #aaej2 #b ,miss\ri ,laws1 #gda1 section #d4 ,footnote ,d3 ,haywood's ,manual1 #eba2 ,/r\d on ! ,laws relat+ to ,slav]y1 p4 #ajb4 ----- ,does ! m9d hesitate z to ! design ( ?is lab\r$ & l5g?y argum5t8 ,t its object is to d away1 to de/roy ! scriptural =ce ( ! facts /at$ 9 ^! records8 ,does n ?is argum5t sub/antially d5y t ,abraham _h slaves b\ght ) money8 ,& ev5 if he did h !m1 !n t x 0 j z wick$ at t "t z he ?9ks x to be n[8 ,or1 if he %all ?us f> fail1 !n to br+ d[n ! *>act]s ( ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob to a level ) ,n]o1 ,caligula1 ,ri*>d ,,iii41 & ,cs> ,borgia8 ,& ! holy books !mselves to ! /&>d ( ,h]odotus1 ,tacitus1 & ,livy2 & inure our m9d to comp>e !m ) ! writ+s ( ,hume & ,gibbon8 ,! writ] :o less5s our v5]ation = ! *>act]s ( ! anci5t wor%ipp]s ( ,jehovah2 :o1 z by a sy/em ( special plead+1 attempts to ov]spread ! simple ann\ncem5ts ( ! holy books ) d\bt & unc]ta9ty1 h[ev] consci5ti\s he may be 9 ^! lab\rs ( 8 h&1 :ile he assumes a mo/ awful responsibility to ,god1 mu/ ev] call d[n ^u himself ! univ]sal & det]m9$ opposition ( ! intellig5t & good among m54 ,! m secret1 ! m adroit ! application ( ! poison1 ! m int5sely wick$ is ! h& t pres5ts x4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,vi4 ,mr4 ,b>nes has devot$ tw5ty-f\r pages ( 8 book to ! slav]y ( ! ,hebrews 9 ,egypt1 :]e9 we f9d no in/ance t 8 te/ is appli$ ) ei!r fairness ( d$uction or logical accuracy4 ,inde$1 s f> z our limit$ capacity c trace 8 application to ! te/1 he has made b two po9ts3 ,i4 ,aft] repeat$ judgm5ts ^u ! ,egyptians1 = hesitat+ to set ! ,hebrews free1 ,god1 9 8 provid5ce1 effect$ _! deliv]ance f slav]y4 ,!re=e1 we are to inf] ! indignation ( ,god aga9/ ! in/itution ( slav]y4 ,:at 7 ! facts ( ! case8 ,on acc\nt ( _! s9s r5d]+ !m unfit = ! bless+s promis$ _! fa!rs1 ,god impos$ on !m slav]y f\r hundr$ ye>s1--at ! expiration ( :i* "t he deliv]$ !m f x4 ,:5 a free negro becomes a public nuisance1 ! c\rt w give judgm5t t he %all be sold to be a slave five ye>s4 ,! t]m hav+ expir$1 if ! pur*as] holds on1 & refuses to let him g1 ! same c\rt w int]f]e1 set him free1 & impose heavy p5alties on ! ma/]4 ,does ! case %[ t ! c\rt feels indignation aga9/ ! in/itution ( slav]y8 ,we ?9k x proves exactly ! opposite6 ,if ! f\r hundr$ ye>s ( slav]y op]at$ to fit ! ,hebrews = ! reception ( ! bless+2 if ! five ye>s ( slav]y re-fitt$ ! negro = ! rational enjoym5t ( lib]ty1 we ?9k ! provid5ce ( ,god places ! in/itution ( slav]y 9 a valuable po9t ( light4 ,,ii4 ,9 ?is review ( ! slav]y ( ! ,israelites 9 ,egypt1 ,mr4 ,b>nes has notic$ ! fact ( _! rapid increase1 to ! ext5t ( _! becom+ dang]\s to ! ,egyptian gov]nm5t2 & he has comp>$ x ) ! m rapid increase ( ! slaves ov] ! :ites 9 ! ,slave ,/ates2 & sugge/s a simil> dang] to ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1--add+1 t su* increase 8c be arre/$ by no?+ b emancipation40 ,n[ all ?is may be true2 b 9 :at light does x %[ =? ! in/itution ( slav]y8 ,does ,mr4 ,b>nes really mean to say1 :at is ! fact1 t ! condition ( slav]y is s well adapt$ to ! negro race1 t1 by x1 _! com=ts1 peace ( m9d1 & g5]al happ9ess are made s c]ta9 & well-secur$ to !m1 t !y increase rapidly8 ,& t1 z !y are a race ( p :om we d n desire to be> rule ov] u1 or become m num]\s ?an !y n[ are1 x w\ld be good policy1 & he desires1 to set !m free1 9 ord] t !y may be depriv$ ( _! pres5t com=ts1 peace ( m9d1 & happ9ess1 ) ! view to less5 _! increase1 & wa/e !m away8 ,if su* really be 8 view1 we may reg>d x z an extraord9>y in/ance ( 8 ,*ri/ian c\nsel1 & =m "s idea ( :at he w\ld be z a slave-hold]4 ,b ! same increase ( ! slaves happ5$ 9 ,egypt 9 a diff]5t age1 & 9 ref]5ce to a diff]5t class ( m52 nor c\ld any ex]tion correct x4 ,we may apply ! te/1 & safely inf]1 ,,t ,,god ,,smiles ,,on ,,! ,,in/itution ,,( ,,slav]y4 ,!re is1 9 ?is *apt] on ! slav]y ( ! ,hebrews1 an allusion made to ! ,/ates ( ,ohio & ,k5tucky1 7see page #ajb27 ! "o repres5t$ z 8adorn$ ) smil+ villages1 & cottages1 & *ur*es1 & ! aspect ( neatness1 ?rift1 & ord]20 & t ! o!r we>s 8! aspect ( ignorance1 irreligion1 neglect1 & desolation20 & t ! reason ( ! diff]5ce is1 because 8,god smiles ^u ! free ,/ate1 & fr[ns ^u ! "o :]e slav]y exi/s40 ,we d n deem x necess>y to "q or ev5 exam9e ! correctness ( ! view ( ,k5tucky1 z pres5t$ to u by ,mr4 ,b>nes3 s f> z ! argum5t is conc]n$1 we w take x z e/abli%$4 ,if ! in/itution ( slav]y is ( ,div9e orig91 or if we are to =m a notion ( ! w ( ,god respect+ x f 8 provid5ces affect+ ! in/itution1 we mu/ keep our eye ^u ! subject ( slav]y1 n ^u ^? o!rwise condition$4 ,we mu/ look to ! slave 9 ,k5tucky1 & comp>e 8 conditions !re ) 8 conditions 9 a /ate ( fre$om2 & ,mr4 ,b>nes has furni%$ u ) data1 prov+ t 9 ,k5tucky ! slaves are 9 a rapid /ate ( propagation & increase4 ,page #ie1 he says--8,! :ites 7 to ! slaves-- ,9 #agij4 ,9 #ahdj4 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 #b4hj to #a #a4ig to #a ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 #a4ca 0 #a #gi 0 #a ,georgia1 #a4gf 0 #a #a4dd 0 #a ,t5nessee1 #ac4ce 0 #a #c4di 0 #a ,k5tucky1 #e4af 0 #a #c4bc 0 #a 8,f ?is x is app>5t t1 9 spite ( all ! oppressions & cruelties ( slav]y1 ( all ! sales t are effect$1 ( all ! removals to ,lib]ia1 & ( all ! removals by ! escape ( ! slaves1 !re is a regul> ga9 ( ! slave population ov] ! free 9 ! slave-hold+ ,/ates4 ,no oppression prev5ts x "h m ?an x did 9 ,egypt1 & !re c be no d\bt :atev] t1 unless slav]y %all be arre/$ 9 "s way1 ! increase is s c]ta9 t ! p]iod is n f> di/ant :51 9 all ! ,slave ,/ates1 ! free :ites w be f> 9 ! m9ority4 ,at ! fir/ c5sus1 tak5 9 #agij1 9 e ,slave ,/ate !re 0 a v l>ge majority ( :ites4 ,at ! la/ c5sus1 9 #ahdj1 ! slaves out-numb]$ ! :ites 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,mississippi1 & ,l\isiana4 ,! t5d5cy ( ?is1 f causes :i* x w\ld be easy to /ate1 c be arre/$ by no?+ b emancipation40 ,b ,mr4 ,b>nes does n /ate :at ^? causes are2 & w he ackn[l$ge t !y really are :at we h be=e /at$8 ,s f> z ^! facts tea* any ?+1 x is t ,god smiles on ! in/itution ( slav]y4 ,let x be true1 z ,mr4 ,b>nes says x is1 t ,ohio exhibits a /ate ( prosp]ity1 & ,k5tucky a /ate ( 8desolation10--! legitimate d$uction is1 t ^?1 hav+ ! direction & gov]nm5t ( affairs 9 ,ohio are wis] & m intellig5t ?an ^? ( ! same class 9 ,k5tucky4 ,we %all leave all fur!r view ( ! matt] to ,mr4 ,b>nes & ! p ( ,k5tucky4 ,! f\r hundr$ ye>s ( slav]y 9 ,egypt 7 n a s5t5ce on ! ,hebrews = ! especial b5efit ( ! ,egyptians1 b = t ( ! ,hebrews !mselves4 ,! c\rt did n s5t5ce ! free negro1 :o _h become a nuisance1 to five ye>s ( slav]y1 = ! especial b5efit ( ! pur*as]1 b = ! prospect ( amelioration 9 ! negro himself4 ,! races ( ,ham 7 n made subject to slav]y = ! especial b5efit ( ,%em & ,japhe?2 b because1 9 su* slav]y1 _! condition w\ld be m elevat$1 & bett]1 ?an 9 a /ate ( fre$om4 ,! slave-own] may be v wick$1 & ,god may de/roy him = 8 wick$ness1 & yet 8 m]ciful designs1 by ! in/itution ( slav]y1 n be affect$ !reby4 ,an ea/]n mon>*1 det]m9$ to de/roy 8 m9i/]1 s5t him a pres5t ( a ?\s& slaves & a hundr$ elephants4 ,! m9i/] d>$ n refuse ! pres5t2 b n be+ able pr(itably to employ !m1 0 ru9$4 ,b ! condition ( ! slave & ! elephant 0 n injur$4 ,! poor-h\se 0 n made = ! especial b5efit ( its keep]1 b = its subjects4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,vii4 ,! b5efit ( ! slave-own] dep5ds on a diff]5t pr9ciple1 ^u ! wisdom1 propriety1 & prud5ce ) :i* he gov]ns & manages 8 slaves4 ,if he neglect _! morals1 suff]+ !m to become idle1 runaways1 dissolute1 ?ieves1 robb]s1 & committ]s ( crime1 he is made1 to "s ext5t1 responsible2 or if he neglect to supply suitable clo?+1 food1 & m$ic9e1 att5tion 9 sickness1 & all o!r necess>y protection1 he is liable to great loss2 8 pr(it may be greatly dim9i%$2 or1 if he abuse 8 slave ) unt[>d cruelty1 he may r5d] him less fit = lab\r1--may de/roy him altoge!r2 or ! law may set 91 & compel ! slave to be sold to a less cruel ma/]4 ,! int]e/ ( ! ma/] has become protection to ! slave2 & ?is pr9ciple holds good 9 all c\ntries1 9 all ages1 & among all m54 ,b x is yet said1 t !re are m5 :o mo/ outrage\sly abuse1 & sometimes kill _! slaves4 ,v true & because "s m5 d ! same to _! wives1 is x any argum5t aga9/ m>riage8 ,x proves t !re are m5 :o are n fit to be slave-own]s4 ,& :at is ! provid5ce ( ,god1 z g5]ally manife/$1 9 ^! cases8 ,t su* husb& does n enjoy ! full bless+ design$ by ! in/itution ( m>riage2 or su* m>riage is1 9 "s way1 %ortly set aside4 ,t su* slave-own] does n enjoy ! full b5efit a diff]5t c\rse w\ld insure to him2 or1 9 "s way1 he is made to cease be+ a slave-own]4 ,su* in/ances are mo/ direct & p[]ful manife/ations aga9/ ! abuses1--n ( ! in/itution itself4 ,b ,god has n left 8 displeasure ( ! abuses ( slav]y to be f\nd out by our poor1 dim1 mortal eyes2 by our weak view ( 8 manife/ations4 ,he made direct laws on ! subject4 8,b ! sev5? day is ! sabba? ( ! ,"l ?y ,god2 9 x ?\ %alt n d any "w1 ?\1 nor ?y son1 nor ?y daught]1 ?y man-s]vant 7 ab$deka1 male slave17 nor ?y maid-s]vant 7 va ama!ka1 nor ?y female slave71 nor ?y cattle1 nor ?y /rang] t is )9 ?y gates40 ,exod4 xx4 #aj4 8,b ! sev5? day is ! sabba? ( ! ,"l ?y ,god2 9 x ?\ %alt n d any "w1 ?\1 nor ?y son1 nor ?y daught]1 nor ?y man-s]vant 7 ve ab$deka1 male slave71 nor ?y maid-s]vant 7 va ama!ka1 female slave71 nor ?9e ox1 nor ?9e ass1 nor any ( ?y cattle1 nor ?y /rang] t is )9 ?y gates2 t ?y man-s]vant 7 ab$deka1 male slave7 & ?y maid-s]vant 7 va ama!ka1 female slave7 may re/ z well z ?\40 ,deut4 v4 #ad4 ,b we f9d laws correct+ abuses ( q a diff]5t nature2 abuses t gr[ out ( ! p]v]se nature ( man t[>ds 8 fell[-man ( equal grade1 t\*+ _! mutual rights 9 prop]ty3 8,?\ %alt n covet ?y neighb\r's h\se1 ?\ %alt n covet ?y neighb\r's wife1 nor 8 man-s]vant 7 ve ab$do1 male slave71 nor 8 maid-s]vant 7 va ama?o1 female slave71 nor 8 ox1 nor 8 ass1 nor any ?+ t is ?y neighb\r's40 ,exod4 xx4 #ag4 8,nei!r %alt ?\ desire ?y neighb\r's wife1 nei!r %alt ?\ covet ?y neighb\r's h\se1 8 field1 or 8 man-s]vant 7 ve ab$do1 male slave71 or 8 maid-s]vant3 7 va ama?o1 female slave71 8 ox1 or 8 ass1 or any ?+ t is ?y neighb\r's40 ,deut4 v4 #ba--! #ah? ( ! ,hebrew text4 ,x does appe> to u t ^! /atutes speak volumes--portray+ ! provid5ces ( ,god1 & 8 design 9 reg>d to ! in/itutions ( slav]y4 ,! ^w covet1 z "h us$1 z well z its orig9al1 implies t action ( ! m9d :i* rea*es to ! possession ( ! ?+ ourselves1 & to ! depriv+ ( our neighb\r1 )\t a glimpse at ! idea ( paym5t1 reciprocity1 or compromise2 consequ5tly1 x is ! exact action ( m9d1 :i*1 :5 cultivat$ into physical display1 makes a man a ?ief4 ,! comm& =bids t ! m9d %all be ?us ex]cis$1 = ! comm& only rea*es to ! ex]cise ( ! m9d2 an ex]cise1 :i*1 f ! v nature ( x1 mu/ = ev] draw u deep] into crime4 ,x is a comm& t well comes to u f ,jehovah direct1 because x is a comm& t man c\ld nev] en=ce3 ! individual1 & ,jehovah alone1 c only & surely tell :5 x is brok54 ,b x may be brok5 9 v>i\s ways2 x may be brok5 by writ+ books p]suad+ o!rs t x is no crime1 t x is ev5 praisewor?y1 by any o!r c\rse ( conduct1 to weak5 ! t5ure ( ! proprietor 9 ! prop]ty nam$4 8,b fools d sometimes fe>less tread1 ,:]e angels d>e n ev5 look60 ,we hold ! doctr9e good t1 :5ev] we f9d t ! provid5ce ( ,god fr[ns ^u ! abuse ( a ?+1 su* abuse is contr>y to 8 law4 ,s1 also1 ! doctr9e is indisputably true t all laws1 all provid5ces aga9/ ! abuse ( a ?+1 necess>ily become laws & provid5ces = ! protection ( ! ?+ itself2 consequ5tly1 x always foll[s t !y contemplate protection4 ,mr4 ,b>nes comp>es ! slav]y ( ! ,hebrews 9 ,egypt to ! condition ( slav]y 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & compla9s ( ! h>% treatm5t ( ! slaves 9 ! latt] c\ntry4 ,see p4 #ib3 8,prev5t+ ! slaves f be+ taught to read & write2 prohibit+1 z f> z possible1 all k among !mselves ( _! own numb]s & /r5g?2 =bidd+ all assemblages1 ev5 = wor%ip1 :]e !re might be dang] ( _! becom+ acqua9t$ ) _! own /r5g?1 & ( =m+ plans = fre$om2 enact+ laws ( excessive sev]ity aga9/ ^? :o run away f _! ma/]s2 appo9t+ sev]e & disgraceful puni%m5ts1 ei!r ) or )\t ! process ( law1 = ^? :o are suspect$ ( a design to in=m ! slaves t !y are m5 & t !y h ! rights ( human be+s2 & solemnly prohibit+ ! use ( arms among ! slaves1 design$ to prev5t _! ris+ ^u _! ma/]s1 or #8jo9+ !mselves to an enemy to fight aga9/ _! ma/]s1' & #8gett+ up out ( ! l&4'0 ,we did suppose f ?is passage t ,mr4 ,b>nes might desire u to lie d[n1 & let ! slaves kill or make slaves ( u4 ,b he has pres5t$ u ) 8 cure = all ^! wrongs on pages #chc1 #chd4 ,he says-- 8,n[ "h1 ,i am p]suad$1 is a wise model = all o!r d5om9ations ( ,*ri/ian m51 & ! true idea ( all successful ef=ts = ! removal ( ?is great evil f ! l&4 ,let all ! evangelical d5om9ations b foll[ ! simple example ( ! ,quak]s 9 ?is c\ntry1 & slav]y w\ld soon come to an end4 ,!re is n p[] ( numb]s & influ5ce out ( ! *ur* to su/a9 x4 ,let e d5om9ation 9 ! l& deta* itself f all connection ) slav]y1 )\t say+ a ^w aga9/ o!rs2 let ! "t come :51 9 all ! mighty d5om9ations ( ,*ri/ians1 x c be assur$ t ! evil has ceas$ ) !m ,,= ,,ev]2 & let ! voice1 f ea* d5om9ation1 be lift$ up 9 k9d1 b firm & solemn1 te/imony aga9/ ! sy/em2 ) no #8mealy' words2 ) no attempt at apology2 ) no wi% to bl9k x2 ) no ef=t to ?r[ ! sacr$ %ield ( religion ov] s great an evil2 & ! "w is done4 ,!re is no public s5tim5t 9 ?is l&1 !re c\ld be none creat$1 t w\ld resi/ ! p[] ( su* te/imony4 ,!re is no p[] out ( ! *ur* t c\ld su/a9 slav]y an h\r1 if x 7 n su/a9$ 9 x4 ,n a bl[ ne$ be /ruck4 ,n an unk9d ^w ne$ be utt]$4 ,no man's motive ne$ be impugn$4 ,no man's prop] rights invad$4 ,all t is ne$ful is = ea* ,*ri/ian man1 & e ,*ri/ian *ur*1 to /& up 9 ! sacr$ maje/y ( su* a solemn te/imony2 to free !mselves f all connection ) ! evil1 & utt] a calm & delib]ate voice to ! _w2 & ,,! ,,"w ,,w ,,be ,,done60 ,?is looks v mu* l conv]t+ ! *ur* into an in/rum5t ( political p[]4 ,we might indulge 9 sev]e rem>ks4 ,we might quote "s v cog5t & rebuk+ passages ( ,scripture2 b1 s9ce we believe t :]e ! _s ( ,*ri/ is1 he w be !re also1 we d n deem x necess>y4 ,f ! v consid]able lab\r evid5tly be/[$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ! te/1 app>5tly to be appli$ 9 8 reason+ on ?is subject1 a feel+ ( disappo9tm5t re/s ^u ! m9d :5 we discov] h[ little use ,mr4 ,b>nes has made ( x4 ,we h giv5 a view ( ,mr4 ,b>nes's p]oration2 8 compla9ts2 ! wrongs t excite 8 sympa?y2 & 8 f9al conclusion ( ! :ole matt]4 ,we h attempt$ to reason by ! same rule he has adopt$1 &1 s f> z he has *os5 to apply x1 leave x to o!rs to judge :e!r x is n mo/ fatal to ! cause he advocates4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,viii4 ,we are told t book-mak+1 among "s1 has become a trade4 ,t "s m5 write books to ord]1 to suit ! m>ket2 t !re is no kn[+ :at may be an au?or's pr9ciples1 or :e!r he has any at all1 by :at may be 9 8 book4 ,! pr9cipal object ( su* a writ] mu/ be 8 money--8 pay3 if 9 great ha/e to get x 9 possession1 he may be expect$ sometimes to be c>eless2 & unless v tal5t$ & exp]i5c$ 9 ! subject on :i* he writes1 to record contradictions4 ,page #hc1 ,mr4 ,b>nes says--8,! ,hebrews 7 n ess5tially di/+ui%$ f ! ,egyptians1 z ! ,africans are f _! ma/]s 9 ?is l&1 by col\r40 ,b he cont9ues1 pages #hf & #hg--8,!y 7! ,hebrews7 7 a =eign race1 z ! ,african race is ) u4 ,!y 7 n ,egyptians1 any m ?an ! nations ( ,congo are ,am]icans4 ,!y 7 n ( ! *ildr5 ( ,ham4 ,!y 7 ( ano!r family2 !y diff]$ f ! ,egyptians1 by :om !y 7 held 9 bondage1 z c]ta9ly z ! ,african does f ! ,caucasian or ! ,malay divisions ( ! great family ( man40 ,9 page #bbh1 on ano!r subject1 he says--8,if1 !re=e1 x be true t slav]y did n prevail 9 ,judea2 t !re is no evid5ce t ! ,hebrews engag$ 9 ! traffic1 & t ! prophets felt !mselves at lib]ty to d5\nce ! sy/em z contr>y to ! _s ( ! ,mosaic in/itutions1 ^! ,,facts w furni% an important explanation ( "s ?+s 9 reg>d to ! subject 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & w prep>e u to ent] on ! inquiry h[ x 0 reg>d$ by ! ,savi\r2 = if slav]y did n exi/ 9 ,pale/9e 9 8 "t3 if he nev] came 9 contact ) x1 x w n be fair to inf] t he 0 n oppos$ to x1 because he did n (t5 ref] to x1 & expressly d5\nce x40 ,?is is 9 /rict con=mity ) ! foll[+3 ,page #bdb4 8,!re is no conclusive evid5ce t he ev] came 9 contact ) slav]y at all4 99 99 99 ,!re is no pro( :i* ,i h se5 ref]r$ to f any contempor>y writ]1 t x exi/$ 9 ,judea 9 8 "t at all2 & !re is no evid5ce f ! ,new ,te/am5t t he ev] came 9 contact ) x40 ,also1 page #bdd4 8,!re is n ! slighte/ pro( t ! ,savi\r ev] came 9 contact ) slav]y at all1 ei!r 9 public or 9 private life40 ,also1 page #bdi4 8,we h se5 above1 t !re is no evid5ce t :5 ! ,savi\r appe>$1 slav]y 9 any =m exi/$ 9 ,judea1 & consequ5tly !re is no pro( t he ev] enc\nt]$ x40 ,p]mit u to comp>e ^! /atem5ts ) ,matt4 viii4 #e-ad3 8,& :5 ,jesus 0 ent]$ into ,cap]naum1 !re came unto him a c5turion1 besee*+ him1 7v]se #f17 & say+1 ,"l1 my s]vant1 c4 7,v]se #i17 ,= ,i am a man ( au?ority1 hav+ soldi]s "u me2 & ,i say to ?is man g1 & he goe?2 & to ano!r1 ,come1 & he come?1 & to my ,,s]vant 71 slave71 ,d ?is1 & he doe? x10 c4 ,also1 ,luke vii4 #b-aj4 8,& a c]ta9 c5turion's s]vant 71 slave7 0 sick10 c4 99 99 99 8besee*+ him t he w\ld come & heal 8 s]vant 71 slave470 7,v]se #aj17 8,& !y t 7 s5t1 return+ to ! h\se1 f\nd ! s]vant 71 slave7 :ole t _h be5 sick40 ,s also1 ,luke xix4 #ab-af4 7,v]se #ac17 8,& he call$ 8 t5 s]vants 71 slaves710 c4 ,also ,john viii4 #cc-cf3 8,& !y answ]$ him1 we be ,abraham's se$1 & 7 nev] 9 bondage 71 9 slav]y7 to any man2 h[ saye/ ?\1 ,ye %all be made free80 7,v]se #cd17 8,jesus answ]$ !m1 ,v]ily1 v]ily1 ,i say unto y1 :oev] committe? s9 is ! s]vant 71 slave7 ( s940 7,v]se #ce17 8,& ! s]vant 71 slave7 abide? n 9 ! h\se = ev]1 b ! ,son abide? ev]4 ,if ! ,son !re=e make y free1 y %all be free inde$40 ,p]mit u also to comp>e !m ) ! foll[+1 ,mr4 ,b>nes's own /atem5ts4 ,see page #bej3 8,all t ! argum5t does require1 :atev] conclusion we may rea* z to ! mann] 9 :i* ! apo/les treat$ ! subject1 is1 ! admission ( ! fact1 t slav]y ev]y:]e ab\nd$2 t x exi/$ 9 =ms ( great sev]ity & cruelty2 t x involv$ all ! ess5tial claims t are n[ made by ma/]s to ! s]vices or p]sons ( slaves2 t x 0 protect$ by civil laws2 t ! ma/] _h ! "r ( transf]r+ 8 slaves by sale1 donation1 or te/am5t2 t 9 g5]al he _h e "r :i* 0 suppos$ to be necess>y to p]petuate ! sy/em2 & t x 0 impossible t ! e>ly prea*]s ( ,*ri/ianity %\ld n enc\nt] ?is sy/em1 & be con/ra9$ to adopt pr9ciples 9 reg>d to ! prop] treatm5t ( x40 ,&1 aga91 page #bea3 8,x is fair t ! advocates ( ! sy/em %\ld h all ! advantage :i* c be d]iv$ f ! fact1 t ! apo/les f\nd x 9 its mo/ odi\s =ms1 & 9 su* circum/ances z to make x prop] t !y %\ld reg>d1 & treat x z an evil1 if ,*ri/ianity reg>ds x z su* at all40 ,&1 aga91 pages #bei1 #bfj3 8,i am p]suad$ t no?+ c be ga9$ to ! cause ( anti-slav]y by attempt+ to d5y t ! apo/les f\nd slav]y 9 exi/5ce 9 ! regions :]e !y f\nd$ *ur*es1 & t ^? su/a9+ ! relation ( ma/] & slave 7 admitt$ to ! *ur*es1 if !y gave real evid5ce ( reg5]ation1 & 7 reg>d$ by ! apo/les z entitl$ to ! common p>ticipation ( ! privileges ( ,*ri/ianity40 ,b !re are o!r errors 9 ?is 8,scriptural ,view ( ,slav]y10 page #bde3 8,he 7! ,savi\r7 nev] utt]$ a ^w 9 fav\r ( slav]y1 99 99 99 n ev5 a h9t c be f\nd1 9 all he said1 on :i* a man 99 99 99 :o meant to keep "o already 9 8 possession1 c\ld rely to su/a9 8 c\rse40 ,we ask t ?is ass]tion ( ,mr4 ,b>nes %all be comp>$ ) ,luke xvii4 #g-aa3 8,b :i* ( y hav+ a s]vant 71 slave7 pl\gh+1 or fe$+ cattle1 w say unto him1 by & by1 :5 he has come f ! field1 ,g1 sit d[n to meat8 ,& w n r say unto him1 ,make ready :]e) ,i may sup1 & gird ?yself & s]ve me1 till ,i h eat5 & drunk51 & aft]w>d ?\ %alt eat & dr9k8 ,do? he ?ank t s]vant 71 slave7 because he did ! ?+s t 7 comm&$ him8 ,i tr[ n40 8,s likewise ye1 :5 ye %all h done all ^? ?+s :i* are comm&$ y1 say1 ,we are unpr(itable s]vants2 we h done t :i* 0 our duty to d40 ,&1 aga91 ,mr4 ,b>nes says3 8,! nations ( ,pale/9e 7 devot$ to de/ruction1 n to s]vitude40 ,see page #aah4 ,comp>e ?is ) ! foll[+1 f page #aef3 8,!re 7 p>ticul> reasons op]at+ = subject+ ! nations ar\nd ,pale/9e to s]vitude1 :i* d n exi/ n[4 ,!y 7 doom$ to s]vitude = s9s40 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,ix4 ,deut4 xxiii4 #i4 8,:5 ! ho/ goe? =? aga9/ ?9e enemies1 !n keep !e f e wick$ ?+0--directions :at to d1 or :at n to d1 9 "t ( w>1 be+ cont9u$1 ! #ae? & #af? v]ses read ?us3 8,?\ %alt n deliv] up to 8 ma/] ! s]vant 7slave7 :i* is escap$ unto !e40 99 99 99 8,he %all dwell ) !e1 ev5 among y 9 t place :i* he %all *oose 9 "o ( ?y gates :]e x like? him be/2 ?\ %alt n oppress him40 ,?is passage is quot$ by ,mr4 ,b>nes1 ^u :i* he says1 page #adj-- 8,i am will+ to admit t ! comm& probably relates only to ! slaves :i* escap$ to ! c\ntry ( ! ,hebrews f surr\nd+ nations2 & t 9 =m x did n contemplate ! runaway slaves ( ! ,hebrews 9 _! own l&40 ,pray1 !n1 = :at purpose does he speak z foll[s8 8,a sev5? ess5tial & fundam5tal feature ( ! ,hebrew slav]y 01 t ! runaway slave 0 n to be re/or$ to 8 ma/]2 on ?is po9t ! law 0 absolute40 ,& to su/a9 ?is ass]tion1 he quotes ?is same passage f ,deut]onomy1 &1 comm5t+ !reon1 says1 pages #adj1 #ada--8,?is solemn & fundam5tal enactm5t w\ld involve ! foll[+ results or effects4 7#a47 ,no laws c\ld ev] be enact$ 9 ! ,hebrew commonweal? by :i* a runaway slave c\ld be re/or$ to 8 ma/]4 ,no revolution ( ! gov]nm5t1 & no *ange ( policy1 c\ld ev] modify ?is pr9ciple ( ! con/itution4 7#b47 ,no magi/rate c\ld on any pret5ce deliv] up a runaway slave40 ,!n1 aga91 page #aij3 8,slaves ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates are to be re/or$ to _! ma/]s1 if !y endeav\r to escape4 ,we f9d among ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ! ,mosaic laws a provision t ! slave 0 nev] to be re/or$1 if he attempt$ to d ?us4 ,he 0 to f9d 9 ! l& ( ,judea an asylum4 ,! p[] & au?ority ( ! commonweal? 7 pl$g$ = 8 protection40 ,& yet1 aga91 page #bbf3 8,z "o ( ! results ( ?is inquiry1 x is app>5t t ! ,hebrews 7 n a nation ( slavehold]s40 ,we pres5t ^! passages to %[s ,mr4 ,b>nes's mode ( argum5t4 ,b let u exam9e1 = a mom5t1 ! indications ( ! holy books on ! subject ( runaway slaves4 ,:5 ,david _h protect$ ! flocks ( ,nabal1 ^u ! m\nta9s ( ,c>mel1 on a holiday1 he s5t 8 "y m51 to ask a pres5t1 z "s comp5sation = ! same4 8,& ,nabal answ]$ ,david's s]vants1 & said1 ,:o is ,david8 & :o is ! son ( ,jesse8 ,!re be _m s]vants 7 abadim1 slaves7 n[adays t break away e man f 8 ma/]4 ,%all ,i !n take my bread1 & my wat]1 & my fle% t ,i h kill$ = my %e>]s1 & give x unto m51 :om ,i "k n :5ce !y be80 #a ,sam4 xxv4 #aj1 #aa4 ,we ?9k ! indications are t = slaves to run away 0 a common occurr5ce1 & t x 0 immoral to give !m c\nt5ance or protection & ,nabal1 pret5d+ t ,david might be "o ( t class1 excus$ himself f be/[+ ! pres5t on t acc\nt4 8,& x came to pass at ! end ( ?ree ye>s1 t two ( ! s]vants 7 abadim1 slaves7 ( ,%emei ran away unto ,a*i%1 son ( ,maa*ah k+ ( ,ga?2 & !y told ,%emei1 say+1 ,behold ?y s]vants 71 abadeka1 slaves7 be 9 ,ga?4 ,& ,%emei arose & saddl$ 8 ass1 & w5t to ,ga? to ,a*i% to seek 8 s]vants 7 abadav1 slaves72 & ,%emei w5t & br\ght 8 s]vants 7 abadav1 slaves7 f ,ga?40 #a ,k+s1 ii4 #ci1 #dj4 ,if x c be said t ,jehovah has views & wi%es1 !n x may he said1 t ! views & wi%es ( ,jehovah on ! subject ( runaway slaves mu/1 at all times1 be ! same4 8,9 him !re is no v>iabl5ess1 nor %ad[ ( turn+40 8,& %e _h a h&-maid 7 %iphehah1 female slave71 an ,egyptian 7 mits]i?1 ,egyptian1 a desc5dant ( ,misraim1 ! second son ( ,ham71 ^: "n 0 ,hag>40 ,g54 xvi4 #a4 ,^u a feud betwe5 h] & h] mi/ress1 h] mi/ress dealt h>dly by h]1 & %e ran away3 8,& ! angel ( ! ,"l f\nd h] by a f\nta9 ( wat] 9 ! wild]ness1 by ! f\nta9 9 ! way to ,%ur40 7#h? v]se17 8,& he said1 ,hag>1 ,s>ai's maid1 :5ce come/ ?\8 & :i!r wilt ?\ g8 ,& %e said1 ,i flee f ! face ( my mi/ress ,s>ai40 7,! angel did n say to h]1 8,"h is a %ill+2 get into ,canada z soon z possible607 8,& ! angel ( ! ,"l said unto h]1 ,return to ?y mi/ress & submit ?yself "u h] h&s40 ,g54 xvi4 #g-i4 ,on page #aag1 ,mr4 ,b>nes says-- 8,9 ! laws ( ,moses1 !re is b "o way m5tion$ by :i* a =eign] c\ld be made a slave2 t is1 by pur*ase4 ,lev4 xxv4 #dd4 ,& x is rem>kable t ! ,hebrews 7 n p]mitt$ to make slaves ( ! captives tak5 9 w>40 ,let u comp>e ?is ass]tion1 made by ,mr4 ,b>nes1 ) ! #ca/ ( ,numb]s3 8,& ! ,"l spake unto ,moses say+1 ,av5ge ! *ildr5 ( ,israel ( ! ,midianites4 99 99 99 7,v]se #i17 ,& ! *ildr5 ( ,israel took all ! wom5 ( ,midian captives1 & _! little ones4 99 99 99 7,v]se #aa17 ,& !y took all ! spoils & all ! prey1 bo? ( m5 & ( bea/s4 7,v]se #ab17 ,& !y br\ght ! captives & ! prey unto ,moses & ,eleaz> ! prie/4 99 99 99 7,v]se #be17 ,& ! ,"l spake unto ,moses1 say+1 ,take ! sum ( ! prey t 0 tak51 bo? ( man & bea/4 99 99 99 7,v]se #bg17 ,& divide ! prey into two p>ts1 betwe5 !m t took ! w> ^u !m1 :o w5t out to battle1 & betwe5 all ! congregation4 99 99 99 7,v]se #bh17 ,& levy a tribute unto ! ,"l ( ! m5 ( w> :i* w5t out to battle1 "o s\l ( five hundr$1 bo? ( ! p]sons & ( ! beeves4 99 99 99 7,v]se #cj17 ,& ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel's half1 ?\ %alt take "o portion ( fifty ( ! p]sons1 c4 99 99 99 7,v]se #cb17 ,& ! booty1 be+ ! re/ ( ! prey1 :i* ! m5 ( w> _h1 0 99 99 99 %eep4 7,v]se #ce17 ,& ?irty-two ?\s& p]sons 9 all4 99 99 99 7,v]se #cf17 ,& ! half :i* 0 ! portion ( !m t w5t out to w>1 01 c4 99 99 99 %eep1 c4 7,v]se #dj17 8,& ! p]sons 7 sixte5 ?\s&1 ( :i* ! ,"l's tribute 0 ?irty & two p]sons4 7,v]se #db7 ,& ! *ildr5 ( ,israel's half :i* ,moses divid$ f ! m5 t w>r$ 99 99 99 01 c4 99 99 99 %eep1 c4 99 99 99 7,v]se #df17 & sixte5 ?\s& p]sons4 7,v]se #dg17 ,ev5 ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel's half1 ,moses took "o portion ( fifty1 bo? ( man & ( bea/1 & gave !m unto ! ,levites :i* kept ! *>ge ( ! tab]nacle ( ! ,"l1 z ! ,"l comm&$ ,moses40 ------------------ ,,lesson ,x4 ,9 anci5t times1 all p]sons conqu]$ 9 battle 7 liable to be put to dea? by ! national laws !n exi/+4 ,if ! conqu]or suff]$ ! captive to escape dea?1 impos+ on him only ! cutt+ (f 8 ?umbs1 h&s1 or e>s2 or1 )\t ^! p]sonal de=mations1 subject+ him to slav]y1 z 0 (t5 ! case1 especially :5 ! captive 0 ( l[ grade1--x 0 ev] reg>d$ z an act ( m]cy 9 ! conqu]or4 ,9 ! #ag? v]se ( ! ?irty-fir/ *apt] ( ,numb]s1 ,moses comm&$ t 8e male among ! little ones1 & e woman :o _h kn[n a man10 %\ld be kill$1 ev5 aft] !y _h be5 tak5 to ! ,israeliti% camp2 & t none %\ld be res]v$ = slaves1 except female *ildr51 ( :om1 x appe>s1 !re 7 ?irty-two ?\s&4 ,! booty tak5 9 ?is w>1 0 di/ribut$ by ,moses1 9 con=mity to ! especial direction ( ,god himself1 z foll[s3--7,v]se #be17 8,& ! ,"l spake unto ,moses1 say+1 7v]se #bf17 ,take ! sum ( ! prey t 0 tak51 bo? ( man & ( bea/1 ?\1 & ,eleaz> ! prie/1 & ! *ief fa!rs ( ! congregation1 7v]se #bh17 & levy a tribute unto ! ,"l ( ! m5 ( w> :i* w5t out to battle3 "o s\l ( five hundr$1 bo? ( ! ,,p]sons1 & ( ! beeves1 & ( ! asses1 & ( ! %eep3 7v]se #bi17 ,take x ( _! half1 & give x unto ,eleaz> ! prie/1 = a heave-(f]+ ( ! ,"l4 7,v]se #cj17 ,& ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel's half1 ?\ %alt take "o portion ( fifty ( ! ,,p]sons1 ( ! beeves1 ( ! asses1 & ( ! flocks1 ( all mann] ( bea/s1 & give !m to ! ,levites :i* keep ! *>ge ( ! tab]nacle ( ! ,"l4 7,v]se #ca17 ,& ,moses & ,eleaz> did z ! ,"l comm&$ ,moses40 ,h\bigant1 9 8 comm5t>y ^u ?is *apt]1 has giv5 u ! foll[+ ,table ( ! di/ribution ( ! booty ( ?is w>3 ,%eep #fge1jjj ,to ! ,soldi]s #ccg1ejj ,to ! ,"l #fge 0 ,p #ccg1ejj 0 ,levites #f1gej ,beeves #gb1jjj 0 ,soldi]s #cf1jjj 0 ,"l #gb 0 ,p #cf1jjj 0 ,levites #gbj ,asses #fa1jjj 0 ,soldi]s #cj1ejj 0 ,"l #fa 0 ,p #cj1ejj 0 ,levites #faj ,p]sons #cb1jjj 0 ,soldi]s #af1jjj 0 ,"l #cb 0 ,p #af1jjj 0 ,levites #cbj ,?is table has be5 adopt$ by ,dr4 ,adam ,cl>k 9 8 ,comm5t>y1 to :i* he adds-- 8,9 ?is table ! booty is equally divid$ betwe5 ! p & ! soldi]s2 a five-hundr$? "p be+ giv5 to ! ,"l1 & a fiftie? "p to ! ,levites40 ,& ?is le>n$ div9e1 9 8 comm5t>y on ! #bh? v]se1 says--8,& levy a tribute unto ! ,"l1 "o s\l ( five hundr$1 c4 99 99 99 ,! p]sons to be employ$ 9 ! ,"l's s]vice1 "u ! ,levites3 ! cattle ei!r = sacrifice or = ! use ( ! ,levites4 7,v]se #cj47 ,"s mon/]s h suppos$ t "o out ( e five hundr$ ( ! captives 0 (f]$ 9 sacrifice to ! ,"l6 ,b ?is is abom9able4 ,:5 ,god *ose to h ! life ( a man1 he took x 9 ! way ( ju/ice1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,midianites above2 b nev] 9 ! way ( sacrifice40 ,9 ! #bi? v]se1 we le>n t ! ,"l's portion 0 to be giv5 to ,eleaz> ! prie/1 8= a heave-(f]+ ( ! ,"l40 ,! ^w heave-(f]+ is r5d]$ f ! ^w t]ma?1 f ! root rm1 :i* means a lift+ up1 exalt+1 elevation ( rank1 :ile ! =m "h us$ means a gift1 a contribution1 associat$ ) ! idea ( be+ lift$ up1 exalt$1 elevat$ to a high] condition4 ,h5ce1 :5 ! prie/ pres5t$ a heave-(f]+1 he mov$ 8 c5s] upw>ds1 9 a p]p5dicul> l9e1 ) ! view to intimate ! elevat+ t5d5cy result+ f ! relation ( ! p]son (f]+1 ! ?+ (f]$1 & ! "o to :om x is (f]$2 :]eas1 9 a wave-(f]+1 he mov$ 8 c5s] 9 a horizontal l9e1 intimat+ a relation ( /eadfa/ness & un*angeability4 ,because ! cross is repres5t$ by p]p5dicul> & horizontal l9es1 "s e>ly comm5tators h imag9$ t ! heave & wave-(f]+s 7 typical ( ! cross ( ,*ri/4 ,! ^w 8heave10 z "h us$1 is purely ,saxon2 heafan1 to lift1 to raise1 to move upw>d4 ,we may well say to heave up2 b x is bad ,saxon to say heave d[n4 ,f ?is same ,saxon ^w comes our ^w heav51 on acc\nt ( ! notion ( its l(ty location1 & ! elevat+ influ5ce ( ! acts ( him :o %all rea* x2 ea* act :i* makes u ne>] heav5 may n inappropriately be consid]$ a heave-(f]+ to ! ,"l4 ,! coroll>y is1 t if ,god _h reg>d$ ! mak+ ^! *ildr5 slaves a s91--s9ce s9 always det]iorates & degrades1 ! rev]se ( elevation or lift+ up1--he nev] c\ld h ord]$ any ( !m to be giv5 to him z a heave-(f]+4 ,we tru/ to e/abli% ! po9t t ! enslavem5t ( su* p z we f9d ! ,african hordes n[ to be1 to ^? :o h a m correct k ( ,god & 8 laws1--( ^? mo/ wick$ ,midianites1 to ^? to :om ,god _h mo/ especially reveal$ himself1--mu/1 s long z ! laws ( ,god op]ate1 h an elevat+ influ5ce ^u ^? s enslav$4 ,?us we %all p]ceive t ! ,hebrew ^w translat$ into our old ,saxon heave-(f]+ 0 ! mo/ appropriate1 & significant ( ! facts ( ! case1 t c\ld be express$ by language4 ,our receiv$ v]sion ( ?is *apt]1 :i* is a good translation ( ! orig9al1 conta9s no ^w by :i* we directly express ! idea ( slav]y3 s is x 9 ! orig9al4 ,b we tru/ ! read]s ( ei!r w n be f\nd s awry z n to p]ceive t ! idea & facts are z fully & sub/antially develop$ z ?\gh ^? t]ms 7 us$ 9 ea*4 ,9 ! mo/ ( languages1 an idea1 & facts 9 relation to x1 may be & are (t5 express$ )\t ! use ( ! "n ( ! idea1 & sometimes ( ! facts4 ,! ,greek is well deem$ a mo/ p>ticul> & def9ite language4 ,9 ,?ucydides1 lib] vii4 caput #hg1 ?is s5t5ce occurs3 1 1 4 ,"h1 !re is no ^w express+ ! idea ( slav]y4 ,lit]ally1 x is3 8,!n1 except ! ,a!nians1 & "s ( ! ,sicilians or ,italians1 :o _h engag$ 9 ! w>1 all o!rs 7 sold40 ,yet ,dr4 ,smi?1 ! rector ( ,holy ,tr9ity ,*ur*1 9 ,*e/]1 ,engl&1 :o liv$ at an age beyond ! rea* ( prejudice or argum5t on ! subject ( slav]y1 7he 0 born 9 #agaa17 has correctly translat$ ! passage ?us3 8,b1 aft] ?is t]m1 all b ! ,a!nians1 & su* ( ! ,sicilians & ,italians z _h jo9$ ) !m 9 ! invasion1 7 sold out = slaves40 ,smi?'s ,?ucyd4 p4 #bhe4 ,& p]mit u fur!r to inquire h[ ! ass]tion ( ,mr4 ,b>nes1 page #aag1 t1 89 ! laws ( ,moses !re is b "o way m5tion$ by :i* a =eign] c\ld be made a slave2 t is1 by pur*ase1 ,lev4 xxv4 #dd2 & x is rem>kable t ! ,hebrews 7 n p]mitt$ to make slaves ( ! captives tak5 9 ! w>0--w comp>e ) ,deut4 xx4 #aj-af3 8,& :5 ?\ come/ nigh unto a city to fight aga9/ x1 !n proclaim peace unto x40 99 99 99 8,& x %all be1 if x make answ] ( peace1 & op5 unto !e1 !n x %all be1 t all ! p t is f\nd !re91 %all be tribut>ies unto !e1 & %all s]ve !e0 7 va abaduka1 %all be slaves to !e74 8,& if x w make no peace ) !e1 b w make w> aga9/ !e1 !n ?\ %alt besiege x40 8,& :5 ! h& ( ?y ,god ha? deliv]$ x into ?y h&s1 ?\ %alt smite e male !re( ) ! edge ( ! sword40 8,b ! wom51 & ! little ones1 & ! cattle1 & all t is )9 ! city1 ev5 all ! spoil !re(1 %alt ?\ take unto ?yself & ?\ %alt eat ! spoil ( ?9e enemies1 :i* ! ,"l ?y ,god ha? giv5 !e40 8,?us %alt ?\ d unto all ! cities :i* are v f> (f f !e1 :i* are n ( ! cities ( ^? nations40 ,x is evid5t t ! captives "h all[$ to be made 7 to be slaves1 f :at foll[s on ! same subject1 9 ! same book1 xxi4 #aj-ae3 ,:5 ?\ goe/ =? to w> aga9/ ?9e enemies1 & ! ,"l ?y ,god ha? deliv]$ !m into ?y h&s1 & ?\ ha/ tak5 !m captive1 & see/ among ! captives a beautiful woman1 & ha/ a desire unto h]1 t ?\ w\ld/ h h] to ?y wife3 !n ?\ %alt br+ h] home to ?y h\se1 & %e %all %ave h] head & p>e h] nails3 & %e %all put ! raim5t ( h] captivity f (f h]1 & %all rema9 9 ?y h\se1 & bewail h] fa!r & h] "m a full mon?3 & aft] t1 ?\ %alt g 9 unto h]1 & be h] husb&1 & %e %all be ?y wife4 ,& x %all be1 if ?\ h no delight 9 h]1 !n ?\ %alt let h] g :i!r %e w2 b ?\ %alt n sell h] at all = money3 ?\ %alt n make m]*&ise ( h]1 because ?\ ha/ humbl$ h]40 ,?us ! fact is prov$1 t if he _h n ?us made h] 8 wife1 %e w\ld h be5 8 slave & an article ( m]*&ise4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xi4 ,9 ! introductory "p ( ,mr4 ,b>nes's book1 he makes "s rem>ks 9 ! nature ( an apology = 8 und]tak+ to exam9e ! subject ( slav]y4 ,page #bj1 he says-- 8,belong+ to ! same race ) ^? :o are held 9 bondage4 ,we h a "r1 nay1 we are b\nd to express ! sympa?ies ( bro!rhood1 & #8to rememb] ^? :o are 9 bonds z b\nd ) !m4'0 ,we 7 n aw>e ( any fact relat+ to ,mr4 ,b>nes's desc5t2 nor did we be=e "k f :at race he 0 desc5d$4 ,we 7 truly mu* surpris$ at ?is av[al1 & endeav\r$ to imag9e t he _h us$ ! ^w 9 "s g5]al & indef9ite s5se1 z "s d :5 !y say animal race1 & human race4 ,b on exam9+ 8 use ( ! ^w1 page #bj3 8,h[ is a =eign race1 ) s diff]5t a complexion1 & 9 ref]5ce to :i*1 s deep-seat$ prejudices & av]sions exi/1 9 e "p ( ! l&1 to be dispos$ ( if !y become free80--& page #bg3 8,& ! /ruggles :i* gave lib]ty to millions ( ! ,anglo-saxon race did n loos5 "o rivet f ! fett] ( an ,african20 page #hc3 8,! ,hebrews 7 n ess5tially di/+ui%$ f ! ,egyptians1 z ! ,africans are f _! ma/]s 9 ?is l&1 by col\r20 & page #hf3 8,!y 7 a =eign race1 z ! ,african race is ) u20 & page #if3 8,!re are 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates n[1 accord+ to ! c5sus ( #ahdj1 #b1dhf1dfe ( a =eign race held 9 bondage20 & page #ig3 8,x w\ld h be5 z j = ! ,egyptians to reta9 ! ,hebrews 9 bondage z x is = :ite ,am]icans to reta9 ! ,african race20--we 7 =c$ to conclude t ! au?or und]/ood 8 language & its mean+4 ,su*1 !n1 be+ ! fact1 we _c f9d x 9 our he>t to blame him = 8express+ ! sympa?ies ( bro!rhood40 ,b we feel dispos$ ) k9dness to relieve 8 m9d f ! bur!n ( su* portion ( sympa?y = ^? ( 8 race :o are 9 slav]y1 z he may conceive to be a duty impos$ by ! injunction1 8,rememb] ^? :o are 9 bond1 z b\nd ) !m40 ,we w quote ! passage1 ,heb4 xiii4 #c3 8,rememb] !m t are 9 bonds1 z b\nd ) !m40 ,x is translat$ f ! ,greek-- 1 ,mimnsic/he tn dsmin hs sunddmnoi4 ,! words translat$ 8bonds10 8b\nd )10 c4 are d]iv$ f ! root 1 deo1 & signifies to b9d1 to br+ toge!r1 to *a91 to fett]1 to h9d]1 to re/ra91 c41 :i* mean+ falls into all its d]ivations4 ,:5 "o 0 accus$ ( "s (f5ce1 & 01 on t acc\nt1 re/ra9$1 s t he might be surely _h at a trial = ! same1 su* re/ra9t w\ld be express$1 z ! case requir$1 by "s ( its d]ivations4 ,h5ce we h 1 dsis1 ! act ( b9d+2 1 desma1 a bond1 a *a92 1 desmios1 *a9$1 fett]$1 imprison$1 c42 1 desmos1 a bond1 *a91 knots1 cords1 cables2 1 desm1 to en*a91 to imprison2 1 desmophulax1 a jail]1 c4 ,! ^w is us$1 diff]5tly v>i$1 9 ,matt4 xvi4 #ai2 xviii4 #ah2 ,acts viii4 #bc2 xx4 #bc2 xxiii4 #ba2 xxvi4 #bi2 ,rom4 vii4 #b2 #a ,cor4 vii4 #ci2 ,eph4 iv4 #c2 ,philip4 i4 #af2 ,col4 iv4 #ah2 #b ,tim4 ii4 #i2 ,philem4 #aj2 ,heb4 x4 #cd2 xi4 #cf2 & nev] us$1 9 any s5se :atev]1 to express any condition ( slav]y4 ,/4 ,paul 0 "u ! re/ra9t ( ! law ^u a *>ge ( h]esy4 ,all ! ,*ri/ians ( 8 day 7 v liable to l dang]4 ,8 only mean+ 0 t all su* %\ld be rememb]$1 z ?\gh !y !mselves 7 suff]+ a l mis=tune4 ,suppose he _h express$ ! idea m diffusely & said1 8,rememb] all ,*ri/ians :o1 = tea*+ ,*ri/ crucifi$1 are p]secut$ on ! *>ge ( tea*+ a false religion1 z ?\gh y y\rselves 7 p]secut$ ) !m40 ,su* 0 ! fact4 ,surely no "o1 by any c\rse ( rational d$uction1 c\ld con/rue x into an injunction to rememb] or d any ?+ else1 9 reg>d to slav]y or its subjects1 unless ^u ! condition t ! slave 01 by "s means1 "u re/ra9t ^u a simil> *>ge4 ,/4 ,paul 0 nev] m>ri$2 _c be said to h look$ ) v ard5t eyes ^u ! in/itution ( m>riage2 by _m is ?\ght to h be5 unfav\rably dispos$ t[>ds x4 ,we h among u1 to ?is day1 "s :o pret5d t !y ?9k x a great evil1 are its bitt] enemies1 & give evid5ce t1 if 9 _! p[]1 !y w\ld totally aboli% x4 ,suppose su* a man %\ld say t1 because he belong$ to ! same race ) ^? :o 7 b\nd 9 ! bonds ( w$lock1 x 0 8 privilege to express ! sympa?ies ( bro!rhood1 & expo/ulate aga9/ t evil in/itution2 nay1 t he 0 enjo9$ by ,/4 ,paul to d s1 9 ?is passage1 8,rememb] ^? :o are 9 bonds1 z b\nd ) !m10--:at w\ld be ! value ( ?is appeal to ,/4 ,paul8 ,b ! v ^w he uses1 9 ! passage quot$1 is also us$1 almo/ inv>iably1 9 ! gospels1 to express ! re/ra9t impos$ by matrimony2 yet x is nev] us$ to express any condition1 or quality1 or /ation1 9 reg>d to slav]y4 ,! nak$1 unadorn$ proposition pres5t$ by ,dr4 ,b>nes is1 t1 because ,/4 ,paul enjo9$ ! ,hebrew ,*ri/ians to sympa?ize )1 to rememb] all ^? :o 7 lab\r+ "u p]secution on ! acc\nt ( _! fai? 9 ,*ri/1 !y 7 also b\nd to rememb]1 to sympa?ize ) ! slaves1 on ! acc\nt ( _! be+ 9 slav]y1 z ?\gh !y 7 slaves !mselves4 ,we feel t su* argum5t mu/ ev] be abortive4 ,f ! delicacy ( ,dr4 ,b>nes's situation1 z 8belong+ to ! same race ) ^? held 9 bondage10 we feel x a duty to treat ! position ) great =be>ance4 ,_h x come f "o ( ! m fav\r$ race ( ,%em1 or ! /ill m l(ty race ( ,japhe?1 we %\ld h felt x an equal duty to h animadv]t$ ) "s sev]ity4 ,x w\ld h appe>$ l a design to impose on ^? ignorant ( ! orig9al2 & might h put u 9 m9d ( ! cunn+ huck/]1 ) 8 basket ( addl$ eggs1--al?\gh unexpect$ly brok5 9 ! act ( _! deliv]y to ! hungry travell]2 yet ! incid5t 0 rememb]$ by ! record] ( propriety4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xii4 ,antio* is said to h be5 ! bir?place ( ,/4 ,m>g>et1--( :i* !re are _m leg5ds1 to "o ( :i* we allude4 ,x br+s to m9d "s e>ly views ( ,*ri/ianity2 besides1 at h] "t1 a l>ge portion ( ! population ( ,antio* 7 slaves1 & are allud$ to 9 ! leg5d4 ,%e 0 ! daught] ( ! prie/ ( ,apollo1 & 0 h]self a prie/ess to ! same god4 ,%e is said to h liv$ 9 ! "t & "u ! au?ority ( ! ,prfect ,olybius1 :o became devot$ to h] m5tal & p]sonal accompli%m5ts & v great beauty4 ,he is said to h s\ght h] 9 m>riage1 &1 aft] great lab\r & ex]tion1 to h br\ght ab\t su* a /ate ( affairs z to insure h] approval & cons5t4 ,b1 al?\gh ?us ! affianc$ bride ( ,olybius1 by "s means %e _h held int]communion ) ! private tea*]s ( ,*ri/ianity1 & 0 conv]t$ to its fai?2 a fact kn[n only to h] & !m4 ,^u su* a /ate ( ?+s1 arrives f ,probus1 ,rome's imp]ial "l1 ,vopiscus1 *>g$ to admoni% ! prfect h[ fame bore tid+s ( ! frequ5t apo/asy f ! true religion ( ! gods1 & ! increase ( ! unholy fai? ( ! ,galileans at ,antio*2 & t ! laws 7 made to be execut$ ^u ! godless1 ^: wick$ & ince/u\s rites (f5d ! ?\s& deities ( ,rome4 ,olybius well kn[s t ! lea/ falt]+ on 8 "p w\ld probably be foll[$ by 8 be+ %[n ! m&ate = ,vopiscus to sup]s$e him 9 ! gov]nm5t2 = :i* he det]m9es to n give him ! lea/ pret5ce3 h5ce he ord]s ! imm$iate arre/ ( all suspect$2 conv5es 8 c\ncil 9 ! halls ( ju/ice1 & ann\nces ?us 8 views3 8,he> me1 ye prie/s on e>?1 ye gods 9 heav56 ,by ,ve/a1 & h] virg9-gu>d$ fires2 ,by ,m>s1 ! sire & gu>dian god ( ,rome2 ,by ,antio*'s bright ,apollo2 by ! ?rone ,( him ^: ?und] %akes ! vault$ skies2 ,& t dread oa? ,i add1 t b9ds ! immortals1 ,! unbless$ wat]s ( ,t>t>ean ,/yx2 ,la/1 by ! av5g] ( despis$ v[s1 ,! inevitable1 s]p5t-hair$ ,eum5ides1 ,olybius swe>s1 ?us m\nt+ on ! ?rone ,( ju/ice1 to exhau/ heav5's wra? on all ,t h ca/ (f _! fa!rs' gods = rites ,new & unholy4 ,f my he>t1 ,i blot ,p>tial affection & ! love ( k9dr$2 ,ev5 if my fa!r's blood fl[$ 9 _! ve9s1 ,i w\ld obey ! emp]or & ! gods60 ,,millman4 99 99 99 ,! prison]s are u%]$ 91 he>d1 & ord]$ to dea?2 among :om a female veil$1 z if ,phbus-*os56 8,:at6 d>e !y r5d our d$icat$ maids1 ,ev5 f our alt>s8 ,ha/e6 )draw ! veil1 ,9 :i* h] guilty face is %r\d$ close4 ,ha6 _! magic mocks my sight6 ,i seem to see ,:at _c be----,m>g>ita6 ,answ]1 if ?\ art %e60 ,8 m9d 0 agoniz$ at ! ?\ghts ( h] position3 sil5tly1 to himself1 he says-- 8----------------,?is pale & false ,vopiscus ,ha? f great ,probus wrung 8 easy m&ate2 ,him ,asia owns h] prfect1 if ,olybius ,obey n ?is fell edict40 99 99 99 ,mu* art & great argum5t 7 privately us$ to produce h] recantation2 to :i* %e calmly answ]s-- ------------------8,:o dis[n _! ,"l ,on e>?1 w ,he dis[n 9 heav560 99 99 99 ,s5t to ! ar5a2 ! torture & execution ( ! prison]s proce$1 accord+ to ! ord] ( _! arraignm5t4 ,! populace become enrag$1 & l\dly dem& ! blood ( ! apo/ate prie/ess2 :ile ! prfect1 9 8 palace1 dige/s a plan to surely save h] life4 ,! high-prie/ ( ,apollo1 h] fa!r1 9 8 robes ( (fice & ) 8 (ficial att5dants1 mu/ boldly ent] ! ar5a1 & (f] p>don1 9 ! "n ( 8 god1 to any "o :o utt]s ! cabali/ic ^w signify+ 8,i ,,recant20 mu/ ha/ily apply to ea* 9 p]son2 at ,m>g>ita1 "o in/ruct$ mu/ imitate h] voice2 in/antly ! prie/ is to ?r[ ! mantle ( ! god ^u h]2 & ! att5dants1 by =ce1 to c>ry h] to ! palace ( ,olybius1 :]e1 in/ead ( h] execution1 h] m>riage ) ,olybius is to take place4 ,! procession ( prie/s 7( :om none b h] fa!r1 & h] si/] 9 disguise z a proxy = ! act ( recantation1 knew ! secret7 are urg$ in/antly to action3 8,=10 says ,olybius1 8my v s\l is fami%$ 9 e mom5t ( delay60 ,! procession moves 9 all pomp & spl5d\r1 ) a view to produce an alt]ative effect on ! m9d ( ! madd5$ populace4 ,its approa* to ! ar5a is proclaim$ by a s5t9el !re2 on he>+ :i*1 ,m>g>ita falls at ! feet ( ! headsman1 & successfully implores in/ant dea?1 t h] fa!r may be sp>$ ! mis]y ( witness+ x4 ,%e brea!s a pray] 9 =giv5ess ( ,olybius1 & receives ! /roke ( dea? z ! procession ent]s4 ,! fa!r rages1 dem&s torture to make ! ,*ri/ians say h[ !y en?rall$ h]3 a ,*ri/ian tea*] expla9s1 z ) 8a /ill1 small voice20 ! prie/s ( ,apollo li/56 ,rage & excitem5t _h rea*$ ! utmo/ b\nd4 ,!re 0 a pause1 z ! recess betwe5 two rag+ /orms4 ,! /illness rea*$ ev5 ! palace1 & reason did feel z if 8,!re 0 d>kness ov] all ! l&4 ,olybius1 !n3-- ,:at means ?is dea?like /illness8 ,n a s\nd ,or murmur1 f yon c\ntless multitudes2 ,a pale1 contagi\s horror seems to creep ,ev5 to our palace4 ,m5 gaze mutely r\nd1 ,z 9 _! neighb\r's face to read a secret ,!y d>e n speak !mselves3 ,ev5 ?us1 along 8 va/ doma9s ( sil5ce1 ,d>k ,pluto gazes1 :5 ! sull5 spirits ,speak only ) fix$ look & voiceless motion4 ',tis mis]y6 ,speak2 ,olybius ord]s2 speak to me1 ,nor let m9e own voice1 l an evil om51 ,load ?is hot air unansw]$40 ,a mess5g] ann\nces ! dea? ( ,m>g>ita2 ,olybius ru%es to kill him2 b1 recov]+ self-comm&-- --------------------8,oh1 ,i'm sick ,( ?is accurs$ pomp3 ,i w n use ,its privilege ( rev5ge4 ,fatal trapp+s ,( pr\d au?ority6 ,t 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 %9e & burn into ! v entrails6 ,supremacy66 ! great pr]ogative ,( be+ bla/$ by sup]ior mis]y60 ,a second mess5g] ann\nces t 8,! en*antress ,m>g>ita1 by h] dea?1 ,ha? wr\ght ^u ! *angeful populace4 ,t !y cry l\dly on ! ,*ri/ian's ,god3 ,embold5$ multitudes1 f e qu>t]1 ,?rong =?1 & 9 ! face ( day proclaim ,_! lawless fai?4 ,!y h tak5 up ! body1 ,& hi!r1 z 9 pr\d ovation1 be> x1 ,) clam\r & ) song4 ,all ,antio* cr[ds ,applaud+ r\nd !m40 ,we are fav\r$ only ) ! song ( ! slaves1 :o1 ^u t holiday1 int]m+l$ 9 ! ?rong ab\t ! palace ( ,olybius1 to :i* ! body ( ,m>g>ita has be5 borne2 by :i* we may p]ceive h[ ,*ri/ianity has elevat$ !m above ?\ghts ( _! condition3 ,,song ,,( ,,! ,,slaves4 ,s+ to ! ,"l6 ,oh1 let u %\t 8 praise6 ,m l(ty pans let our ma/]s raise4 ,mid/ cl\ds ( gold5 light1 a pa?way cle>1 ,) so>+ s\l1 ^! m>tyr$ sa9ts h trod ,to ,him1 ! only true ,almighty ,god6 ,e>?'s tumults wild & pagan d>kness dre>1 ,to bonds ( peace & songs ( joy give way3 ,behold6 we br+ y light--"o ev]la/+ day6 ,s+ to ! ,"l6 ,no m %all frantic ,sibyl's yell1 ,wat*ful ,augurs1 or ^? ( magic spell1 ,no1 n ,isis1 nor yet ,apollo's ?rone1 ,no1 nor ev5 ,dea?1 ) ,le!an b&s1 ,%all long] b9d ! s\l2 be=e u /&s ,him ( ! ,cross ( ,calv>y3--,8 groan ,( dea? bur/ =? f its et]nal womb1 ,:ile angel spirits %\t1 & op5 wide ! tomb6 ,s+ to ! ,"l6 ,! ,temple's veil is r5t6 ,f ,moab's pla9s1 ! ,slave1 an outca/1 s5t ,f ?is cold _w %all1 so>+1 fly to heav51 ,f dep?s ( ,d>kness1 ,night1 & ,orcus dread4 ,ea* _s woke at ! ,et]nal's tread ,on ! head ( ,dea?6 a promise giv5 ,to all ,e>?'s h\seless1 homeless1 & =lorn1 ,be=e ! ,ages 7--or ,8 ,elde/ ,son 0 born6 ,s+ to ! ,"l6 ,lo6 :ile ,god's rebels rave1 ,he plunges d[n1 & r5ovates ! slave-- ,v5geance & love at once be/[$ on man4 ,see6 cru%$ is ,baal's1 pr\d ,molo*'s temple falls2 ,%\t to ! ,"l6 ,no m %all blood-/a9$ walls1 ,nor m\nta9 grove1 nor all ! gods ( ,ham1 ,dispel a ,savi\r's love6 ,correction's rod ,ha? won ! _w1--= ,heav5 & ,!e1 ,o ,god6 ,x is "o ( ! provid5ces ( ,jehovah1 t ! v wret*$ =get _! wra?1 & ! brok5 9 _s _! viol5ce4 ,& x may be well = ^? :o exam9e moral conduct by ! evid5ces ( ! provid5ces ( ,god1 to notice h[ wra? conduces to wret*$ness1 & viol5ce to a break+ d[n ( ! _s4 ,olybius 0 by no means prep>$ to adopt ! humiliat+ doctr9es ( ! new fai?2 b he p]ceiv$ x to be well adapt$ to ! condition ( ^? 9 ! extremely l[ walks ( life4 ,by x ! slave 0 taught to become 8! freeman ( ! ,"l10 & ! wret*$1 de/itute1 & mis]able1 to become 8heirs ( ,god1 & jo9t-heirs ) ,*ri/40 ,^! doctr9es1 & ! :ole sy/em1 be+ f\nd$ ^u ! pill>s ( ,humility1 ,fai?1 ,hope1 & ,*>ity1 7 an arrangem5t to make ! mo/ humble z happy z ! mo/ exalt$2 z to happ9ess & hopes ( heav51 x made all m5 equal2 nor is x surpris+ t ! l[ classes m readily become its conv]ts4 ,olybius may h se5 "s beautiful features 9 ?is sy/em2 b 8 philosophy =bid 8 fai?4 ,he calmly decid$ t x 0 a sup]/ition too l[ to combat--wor?y only ( contempt4 ,b he p]ceiv$ t ! blood ( a hundr$ made a ?\s& ,*ri/ians1 & 0 conv9c$ ! only rem$y 0 to improve & elevate ! m9d1--to imbue x ) deep religi\s feel+ & pr9ciple1 a rev]5ce & v5]ation = ! gods4 ,he deeply felt ! w\nd inflict$ by ! pres5ce ( ,vopiscus1 & w\ld gladly h prov$ to ! emp]or t *ange ( gov]nm5t1 ei!r z to rul] or its g5]al sy/em1 c\ld n affect ! condition ( ?is new doctr9e4 ,b he _h no k ( ! ,*ri/ian's ,god1 nor ( 8 attributes z a di/9ct ,be+2 & h5ce1 al?\gh he may be reg>d$ z a mo/ deadly enemy1 yet1 s9ce ! provid5ces ( ,jehovah1 ?r\gh ! mild light ( ! gospel1 beg9 to develop !mselves to ! human und]/&+1 we may deem 8 report to ! emp]or1 on ! ,*ri/ian sup]/ition1 to be ,,"o ,,( ,,its ,,mo/ ,,undy+ ,,panegyrics2 z an extract f :i*1 we may well imag9e1 he wrote ?us3-- ,olybius to ! ,emp]or ,probus4 99 99 99 8,great re=ms on moral subjects d n occur1 except "u ! influ5ce ( religi\s pr9ciple4 ,political revolutions & *anges ( policy & adm9i/ration d inde$ occur f o!r causes1 & secure ! ends :i* are desir$4 ,b1 on subjects p]ta9+ to "r & wrong2 on ^? que/ions :]e ! rights ( an inf]ior & d[n-trodd5 class are conc]n$1 we c look = little advance1 except f ! op]ation ( religi\s pr9ciple4 8,unless ! inf]ior classes h p[] to ass]t _! rights by arms1 ^? rights w be conc$$ only by ! op]ations ( consci5ce & ! pr9ciples ( religion4 ,!re is no great wrong 9 any community :i* we c hope to rectify by new consid]ations ( policy1 or by a m]e revolution4 ,! relations ( ,*ri/ianity are n rea*$ by political revolutions1 or by *anges ( policy or adm9i/ration4 8,political revolutions occur 9 a high] region1 & ! condition ( ! ,*ri/ian is no m affect$ by a m]e *ange ( gov]nm5t1 ?an t ( ! vap\rs ( a l[1 m>%y vale is affect$ by ! tempe/ & /orm 9 ! high] regions ( ! air4 ,! /orm sweeps along ! ,ap5n9es1 ! lightn+s play1 & ! ?und]s utt] _! voice1 b ! mal>ia ( ! ,campagna is unaffect$1 & ! pe/il5ce brea!s desolation !re /ill4 ,s x is ) ,*ri/ianity4 ,political revolutions occur 9 high] places1 b ! mal>ia ( ,*ri/ianity rema9s settl$ d[n on ! l[ pla9s ( life1 & n ev5 ! surface ( ! pe/il5tial vap\r is agitat$ by all ! /orms & tempe/s ( political *anges2 x rema9s ! same deadly1 p]vad+ pe/il5ce /ill4 ,"u all ! =ms ( despotism2 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ari/ocracy1 or an olig>*y2 "u ! adm9i/ration ( a pure democracy1 or ! =ms ( a republican gov]nm5t2 & 9 all ! *anges f "o to ! o!r1 ,*ri/ianity rema9s /ill ! same4 ,:e!r ! pr9ce is hurl$ f ! ?rone1 or rides into p[] on ! tempe/ ( revolution1 ! d[n-trodd5 ,*ri/ian is ! same /ill3--& x makes no diff]5ce to him :e!r ! pr9ce we>s a cr[n1 or appe>s 9 a pla91 republican g>b1--':e!r ,cs> is on ! ?rone1 or sla9 9 ! s5ate-h\se4'0 ,9 ^! imput$ s5tim5ts ( ,olybius1 ! indications ( ! w ( ,jehovah1 9 e/abli%+ & protect+ ! in/itutions ( ,*ri/ianity1 by 8 provid5ces t[>ds x1 is vividly portray$ to ! ,*ri/ian eye4 ,jehovah w\ld n suff] 8! gates ( hell to prevail aga9/ x40 ,( ! v mat]ials int5d$ by its enemies = its de/ruction1 he made !m build its ?rone4 ,! sc5e1 by :i* we h introduc$ ?is imag9>y report ( ,olybius to ! emp]or1 has be5 m]ely to remove f ! m9d any bias t5d+ to a p>tial conception ( ! indications ( ! w ( ,god1 z ev9c$ by 8 provid5ces !re9 describ$1 t we may m readily discov] ! fact1 t1 in/ead ( %[+ ,*ri/ianity to be wor?y only ( contempt1 ,olybius did pron\nce its eulogium4 ,*ange ! words ,*ri/ian & ,*ri/ianity into slave & slav]y2 pr9ce into ma/]1 & x !n is :at ,mr4 ,b>nes did say1 & has said1 7pages #be1 #bf1 #bg17 ^w = ^w1 ab\t ! in/itution ( slav]y2 &1 z if desir\s to portray ! provid5ces ( ,god t[>ds x d[n to ! pres5t "t1 cont9u\sly says4 ,see pages #bg & #bh-- 8,slav]y among ! ,romans rema9$ sub/antially ! same "u ! ,t>qu9s1 ! consuls1 & ! ,cs>s2 :5 ! tribunes ga9$ ! asc5d5cy1 & :5 ! patricians cru%$ !m to ! e>?4 ,x liv$ 9 ,europe :5 ! nor!rn hordes p\r$ d[n on ! ,roman ,empire2 & :5 ! caliphs set up ! /&>d ( ,islam 9 ! ,p59sula4 ,x liv$ 9 all ! revolutions ( ! ,middle ,ages1--alike1 :5 spiritual despotism sway$ its sceptre ov] ! nations1 & :5 !y began to em]ge into fre$om4 ,9 ! ,briti% realms1 x has liv$ 9 ! "t ( ! ,/u>ts1 "u ! ,protectorate1 & = a long "t "u ! adm9i/ration ( ! h\se ( ,hanov]4 ,) "s tempor>y int]ruptions1 x liv$ 9 ! prov9ces ( ,france ?r\gh ! revolution4 ,x liv$ ?r\gh our own glori\s ,revolution2 & ! /ruggles :i* gave lib]ty to millions ( ! ,anglo-,saxon race did n loos5 "o rivet f ! fett]s ( an ,african1 nor 0 !re a slave :o 0 any ne>] to ! enjoym5t ( fre$om aft] ! surr5d] ( ,yorkt[n1 ?an :5 ,patrick ,h5ry taught ! notes ( lib]ty to e*o along ! hills & vales ( ,virg9ia4 ,s 9 all *anges ( political adm9i/ration 9 our own l&1 ! condition ( ! slave rema9s unaffect$4 ,alike :e!r ! ,f$]ali/s or ,republicans h ! rule2 :e!r ! /> ( ! ,:ig or ! ,democrat is 9 ! asc5dant2 ! condition ( ! slave is /ill ! same4 ,! pans ( victory1 :5 ! h]o ( ,new ,orleans 0 rais$ to ! presid5tial *air1 or :5 ! h]o ( ,tippecanoe 0 inaugurat$1 convey$ no 99 99 99 intimation ( a *ange to ! slave2 nor _h he any m hope1 nor 0 8 condition any m affect$1 :5 ! "o gave place to 8 successor1 or ! o!r 0 borne to ! grave4 ,& s x is n[4 ,9 all ! fi]ce conte/s = rule 9 ! l&2 9 ! que/ions ab\t *anges 9 ! adm9i/ration1 !re are ne>ly ?ree millions ( our fell[-be+s1 :o h no int]e/ 9 ^! conte/s & que/ions1 & ^: condition w be affect$ no m1 :atev] ! result may be1 ?an ! vap\r t lies 9 ! valley is by ! *anges f sun%9e to /orm on ! summits ( ! ,alps or ! ,&es40 ,?is may be all true1 b :at is ! indication ( ,god's w1 z taught by ^!1 8 provid5ces t[>ds x8 8,& n[ ,i say unto y refra9 f ^! m51 & let !m alone2 = if ?is c\nsel or ?is "w be ( m51 x w come to n\ght2 b if x be ( ,god1 ye _c ov]?r[ x2 le/ haply ye be f\nd ev5 to fight aga9/ ,god40 ,acts v4 #ch1 #ci4 -------------- ,,lesson ,,xiii4 ,?us1 x has pleas$ ,god1 at an e>ly age ( ! _w1 to reveal to ! m9d ( man ?is mode ( le>n+ 8 w by ! indications ( ,provid5ce4 ,b ,mr4 ,b>nes has giv5 u fur!r data1 :]eby we may be enabl$ to exam9e m deeply into ! indications ( ,god's w t\*+ ! in/itution ( slav]y1 by ref]5ce to 8 provid5ces conc]n+ x1 gr[+ out ( ! univ]sality & anci5tness ( ! in/itution4 ,?us1 page #aab1 he says--8,t slav]y _h an exi/5ce :5 ,moses und]took ! task ( legislat+ = ! ,hebrews1 !re c be no d\bt4 ,we h se5 t s]vitude ( "s k9d prevail$ among ! patri>*s2 t ! traffic 9 slaves 0 c>ri$ on betwe5 ! ,midianites & ! ,egyptians1 99 99 99 & t x exi/$ among ! ,egyptians4 ,x 0 und\bt$ly practis$ by all ! surr\nd+ nations1 = hi/ory does n po9t u to a "t :5 slav]y did n exi/4 99 99 99 ,!re is ev5 evid5ce t slav]y 0 practis$ by ! ,hebrews !mselves1 :5 9 a /ate ( bondage & t ?\gh !y 7 z a nation #8bondm5 to ,ph>aoh1' yet !y _h s]vants 9 _! families :o _h be5 #8b\ght ) money4' 99 99 99 ,at ! v "t t ! law 0 giv5 respect+ ! obs]vance ( ! passov]1 & be=e ! exode f ,egypt1 ?is /atute appe>s among o!rs3 #8,?is is ! ord9ance ( ! passov]3 !re %all no /rang] eat !re(3 b e man-s]vant1 t is b\ght = money1 :5 ?\ ha/ circumcis$ him1 !n %all he eat !re(4' ,x is cle>1 f ?is1 t ! in/itution 0 always 9 exi/5ce1 & t ,moses did n orig9ate x40 ,aga91 page #aag3 8,a ,hebrew might be sold to 8 bre?r5 if he _h be5 detect$ 9 ! act ( !ft1 & _h no means ( mak+ re/itution accord+ to ! provisions ( ! law4 ,exod4 xxii4 #c4 #8,he %all make full re/itution2 if he h no?+1 !n he %all be sold = 8 !ft4'0 8,?is is 9 accordance ) ! common legal maxim1 ,luat 9 corpore1 qui non habet 9 a]e4 ,! same law prevail$ among ! ,egyptians1 & among ! ,greeks also till ! "t ( ,solon4 99 99 99 ,by ! laws ( ! twelve tables1 ! same ?+ 0 enact$ at ,rome4 ,a native-born ,hebrew might be a s]vant 9 a s+le case 9 virtue ( 8 bir?4 ,if ! ma/] _h giv5 to a ,hebrew1 :om he _h pur*as$1 a wife1 & %e _h borne him *ildr52 ! *ildr5 7 to rema9 9 s]vitude40 ,see ,exod4 xxi4 #d4 ,aga91 page #bej3 8,x is unnecess>y to ent] into pro( t slav]y ab\nd$ 9 ! ,roman ,empire1 or t ! conditions ( s]vitude 7 v sev]e & oppressive4 ,?is is conc$$ on all h&s40 ,& page #bea3 8,slav]y exi/$ g5]ally ?r\gh\t ! ,roman ,empire 0 v great40 99 99 99 ,page #beb3 8,( c\rse1 accord+ to ?is1 ! numb] ( slaves c\ld n h be5 less ?an sixty millions 9 ! ,roman ,empire1 at ab\t ! "t :5 ! apo/les w5t =? to prea* ! gospel40 ,& aga91 page #bec3 8,! slave-trade 9 ,africa is z old z hi/ory rea*es back4 ,among ! rul+ nations ( ! nor? coa/1 ! ,egyptians1 ,cyr5ians1 & ,c>?ag9ians1 slav]y 0 n only e/abli%$1 b !y import$ :ole armies ( slaves1 p>tly = home use1 & p>tly1 at lea/ by ! ,c>?ag9ians1 to be %ipp$ = =eign m>kets40 8,!y 7 *iefly drawn f ! int]ior1 :]e kidnapp+ 0 j z mu* c>ri$ on !n z n[4 ,black male & female slaves 7 ev5 an article ( luxury1 n only among ! above-nam$ nations1 b 9 ,greece & ,italy40 ,mr4 ,b>nes has quot$ & adopt$ ! =ego+1 & _m o!r passages1 f ! ,biblical ,repository4 7,see ,bib4 ,rep4 pp4 #dac1 #dad47 ,& aga91 page #bei ( ,b>nes3 99 99 99 8,& x is a r>e ?+1 p]haps a ?+ t nev] has occurr$1 t slav]y did n prevail 9 a c\ntry :i* furni%$ slaves = ano!r c\ntry40 ,_m ( ! =ego+ /atem5ts are facts z well e/abli%$ z any "p ( hi/ory4 ,b ^! tru?s1 hone/ly admitt$ by ,mr4 ,b>nes1 are pregnant ) important consid]ations t\*+ ! in/itution ( slav]y & ! provid5ce ( ,god t[>ds x4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xiv4 ,mr4 ,b>nes says1 page #cha-- 8,if slav]y is to be def5d$1 x is n to be by argum5ts drawn f ! ,bible1 b by argum5ts drawn f its happy influ5ces on agriculture1 comm]ce1 & ! arts2 99 99 99 on its elevat+ ! black man1 & mak+ him m intellig5t & happy ?an he w\ld be 9 8 own l&2 on its :ole b5evol5t be>+ on ! welf>e ( ! slave1 9 ?is _w & ! _w to come40 ,x mu/ give e good man ! deepe/ grief to discov] ?is gr[+ disposition among religi\s tea*]s to ?ru/ aside ! tea*+s ( ! ,bible1 & to place 9 its /ead ! worldly advantages & p]sonal consid]ations ( individual b5efit4 ,:at %all we ?9k ( ! religi\s feel+ & or?odoxy ( him :o places 8agriculture1 comm]ce1 & ! arts0 9 high] au?ority ?an ! books ( ,div9e revelation4 ,?us1 ?is tea*] says1 8,if ! ,bible tea*es slav]y1 !n ! ,bible is ! greate/ curse t c\ld happ5 to our race20 yet all[s1 t if slav]y %all h a b5eficial & happy influ5ce on 8agriculture1 comm]ce1 & ! arts10 x may be su/a9$ & def5d$4 ,su* is ! obvi\s d$uction f ! proposition6 ,mi/ak5 man6 ,b1 s9ce we say t slav]y is mo/ triumphantly su/a9$ & def5d$ by ! ,bible1 let u take a view ( x agreeably to ,mr4 ,b>nes's direction4 ,s f> z we h means1 x may be well to exam9e ! negro 9 8 native ranges4 ,ab\t ?irty ye>s ago1 we _h a k ( an ,african slave1 ! prop]ty ( ,mr4 ,bookt]1 ( ,/4 ,hel5a ,p>i%1 ,la4 ,s$gjo 0 app>5tly ab\t sixty ye>s ( age--0 e/eem$ to be unusually intellig5t = an ,african4 ,we propose to give ! sub/ance ( 8 n>rative1 )\t reg>d to 8 language or mann]4 ,= a l5g? ( "t we made x an object to draw out 8 k & notions2 & on ! subject ( ! ,deity1 8 idea 0 t ! p[] :i* made him 0 procreation2 & t1 z f> z reg>d$ 8 exi/5ce1 he ne$$ n to c>e = any o!r god4 ,?is deity 0 to be wor%ipp$ by :atev] act w\ld repres5t him z procreator4 ,x ne$ n be rem>k$ t ?is wor%ip 0 ! extreme ( indec5cy2 b ! m ! act ( wor%ip 0 w\nd+ to ! feel+s or s5se ( delicacy1 ! m acceptable x 0 to ! god4 ,! displays ( ?is wor%ip c\ld n well be describ$4 ,s$gjo's acc\nt put u 9 m9d ( ,maa*ah1 ! "m ( ,asa4 ,9 ?is wor%ip1 x 0 n uncommon to kill1 roa/1 & eat "y *ildr51 ) ! view to propitiate ! god1 & make its p>5ts prolific4 ,s also ! fir/-born ( a "m 0 sometimes kill$ & eat51 9 ?ankfulness to ! god = mak+ !m ! in/rum5ts ( its procreation4 ,! k+ 0 ! own] & ma/] ( ! :ole tribe4 ,he might kill & d :at else he pleas$ ) !m4 ,! :ole tribe 0 ess5tially 8 slaves4 ,b he usually made use ( !m z a sort ( soldi]s4 ,^? :o 7 put to dea? at fea/s & sacrifices 7 g5]ally p]sons captur$ f o!r tribes4 ,p]sons captur$ 7 also slaves1 might be kill$ & eat5 on days ( sacrifice1 or sold & c>ri$ away to unkn[n c\ntries4 ,if "o 0 kill$ 9 battle1 & fell into ! h&s ( ^? :o slew him1 !y fea/$ on him at night4 ,if !y captur$ "o alive :o _h done ! tribe great injury1 a day 0 set ap>t = all ! tribe to rev5ge !mselves & fea/ on him4 ,! feet & palms ( ! h&s 7 ! mo/ delici\s p>ts4 ,:5 ! k+ or ma/] di$1 "s ( 8 fav\rite wives & o!r slaves 7 put to dea?1 s t he yet %\ld h _! company & s]vices4 ,! k+ & ! m5 ( ! tribe seldom cultivat$ ! l&2 b ! wom5 & captur$ slaves are ! cultivators4 ,!y nev] :ip a slave1 b /rike him ) a club2 sometimes break 8 bones or kill him3 if !y kill him1 !y eat him4 ,s$gjo belong$ to ! k+'s family2 sometimes comm&$ z head man2 consequ5tly1 _h he n be5 sold1 w\ld h be5 kill$ & eat54 ,! idea ( be+ kill$ & eat5 0 n v dreadful to him2 he _h r be eat5 by m5 ?an to h ! flies eat him4 ,he once ?\ght :ite m5 b\ght slaves to eat1 z !y did goats4 ,:5 he fir/ saw ! :ite man1 he 0 afraid ( 8 r$ lips2 he ?\ght !y 7 raw fle% & sore4 ,x 0 m frightful to be eat5 by r$ ?an by black lips4 ,on %ipbo>d1 _m try to />ve1 or jump into ! sea1 to keep !mselves f be+ eat5 by ! r$-lips4 ,did !y b "k :at 0 want$ ( !m1 ! mo/ w\ld be glad to come4 ,he _c tell h[ long he 0 on ! way to ! %ips1 nor did he "k :]e he 0 go+2 ?9ks he 0 sold _m times be=e he got !re2 nev] saw ! :ite man till he 0 ne> ! sea2 all ! latt] "p ( 8 j\rney to ! coa/ ! p did n kill or eat _! slaves1 b sold !m4 ,_! clo?+ is a small clo? ab\t ! lo9s4 ,! k+ & "s o!rs h a l>ge clo? ab\t ! %\ld]s4 ,_m are entirely nak$ all _! lives4 ,s$gjo has no wi% to g back2 has bett] clo?+ "h ?an ! k+s h !re2 if he does m "w1 he has m meat4 ,if he is :ipp$ "h1 he is /ruck ) a club !re4 ,!re1 always afraid ( be+ kill$2 jump$ l a de]1 if1 out ( ! village1 he saw or met a /rang]2 is v glad he came "h2 "h he is afraid ( nobody4 ,su* is ! sub/ance ( :at came f ! negro's own lips4 ,x 0 impossible to le>n f him 8 di/9ct nation or tribe4 ,mr4 ,bookt] ?\ght him an ,eboe1 :i* 0 probably a mi/ake4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,p]iplus1 or voyage ( ,hanno1 0 made #egj ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,its acc\nt 0 writt5 9 ,punic1 & deposit$ 9 ! temple ( ,molo*1 at ,c>?age4 ,x 0 aft]w>ds translat$ into ,greek2 & !nce into ,engli%1 by ,dr4 ,faulkn]1 a sket* ( :i* may be f\nd 9 ! 8,phnix ( ,r>e ,fragm5ts10 f :i* we quote1 pp4 #bjh-baj3 8,beyond ! ,lixiti dwell ! inhospitable ,e?iopians1 :o pa/ure a wild c\ntry1 int]sect$ by l>ge m\nta9s1 f :i* !y say ! riv] ,lixus fl[s4 ,9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! m\nta9s liv$ ! #8,troglodyt1' 7p :o burr[$ 9 ! e>?17 m5 ( v>i\s appe>ance1 :om ! ,lixiti describ$ z swift] 9 runn+ ?an horses4 99 99 99 ,!nce we proce$$ t[>ds ! ea/ ! c\rse ( a day1 99 99 99 f :i* proce$+ a day's sail1 we came to ! extremity ( ! lake1 t 0 ov]hung by l>ge m\nta9s1 inhabit$ by savage m5 clo!d 9 sk9s ( wild bea/s1 :o drove u away by ?r[+ /ones1 & h9d]$ u f l&+4 99 99 99 ,!nce we sail$ t[>ds ! s\? twelve days1 99 99 99 ! :ole ( :i* is inhabit$ by ,e?iopians1 :o w\ld n wait our approa*1 b fl$ f u4 ,_! language 0 n intelligible1 ev5 to ! ,lixiti :o 7 ) u4 99 99 99 ,:5 we _h l&$1 we c\ld discov] no?+ 9 ! daytime except trees2 9 ! night we saw _m fires burn+1 & he>d ! s\nd ( pipes1 cymbals1 drums1 & confus$ %\ts4 ,we 7 !n afraid1 & our div9]s ord]$ u to ab&on ! isl&2 99 99 99 at ! bottom ( :i* lay an isl& l ! o!r1 hav+ a lake1 & 9 ?is lake ano!r isl&1 full ( savage p1 ! great] "p ( :om 7 wom51 ^: bodies 7 hairy1 & :om our int]pret]s call$ ,gorill4 ,?\gh we pursu$ ! m51 we c\ld n seize any ( !m2 all fl$ f u1 escap+ ov] ! precipices1 & def5d+ !mselves ) /ones4 ,?ree wom5 7 h[ev] tak52 b !y attack$ _! conductors ) _! tee? & h&s1 & c\ld n be prevail$ on to accompany u4 ,hav+ kill$ !m1 we flay$ !m1 & br\ght _! sk9s ) u to ,c>?age40 ,see also ,k+ ,humpsal's ,hi/ory ( ,african ,settlem5ts1 translat$ f ! ,punic books1 by ,sallu/ & into ,engli% by ,h4 ,/ew>t1 page #bba3 8,! ,gtuli & ! ,libyans1 z x appe>s1 7 ! fir/ nations t peopl$ ,africa2 a rude & savage race1 subsi/+ p>tly on ! fle% ( wild bea/s1 & p>tly1 l cattle1 on ! h]bs ( ! field4 ,among ^! tribes social int]c\rse 0 unkn[n2 & !y 7 utt] /rang]s to laws1 or to civil gov]nm5t2 w&]+ dur+ ! day f place to place1 z incl9ation prompt$2 at night1 :]ev] *ance conduct$ !m !y took up _! transi5t habitation40 ,see page #bbd1 same book3 8,at ! back ( ,numidia1 ! ,gtuli are report$ to inhabit1 a savage tribe1 ( :i* a "p only made use ( huts2 :ile ! re/1 less civiliz$1 lead a rov+ life1 )\t re/ra9t or fix$ habitation4 ,beyond ! ,gtuli is ! c\ntry ( ! ,e?iopians40 ,9 ,judg4 iii4 #g1 #h1 we h z foll[s3 8,& ! *ildr5 ( ,israel did evil 9 ! sight ( ! ,"l1 & =got ! ,"l _! ,god4 99 99 99 ,!re=e ! ang] ( ! ,"l 0 hot aga9/ ,israel1 & he sold !m into ! h& ( ,*usan ,ri%a?aim1 7 7 :i*1 means ! 8wick$ ,e?iopians40 ,let u notice its simil>ity ( s5tim5t ) a record 9 hi]oglyphics1 9 ! temple ( ,k>nac1 :]e ,cu% is us$ z ! g5]al t]m to mean ! negro tribes3 ?us1 8,ku%1 b>b>ian1 p]v]se race20 & !re inscrib$ ov] ! figures ( negro captives1 two ?\s& ye>s be=e our ,*ri/ian era4 ,see ,gliddon's ,lectures1 page #db4 ,we quote f ,horne's 8,introduction to ! ,/udy ( ! ,scriptures10 ?us3 8,x is a notori\s fact t ^! latt]0 7! ,canaanites7 87 an abom9ably wick$ p40 8,x is ne$less to ent] into any pro( ( ! deprav$ /ate ( _! morals2 !y 7 a wick$ p 9 ! "t ( ,abraham2 & ev5 !n 7 devot$ to de/ruction by ,god4 ,b _! iniquity 0 n yet full4 ,9 ! "t ( ,moses1 !y 7 idolat]s2 sacrific]s ( _! own cry+ & smil+ infants2 dev\r]s ( human fle%2 addict$ to unnatural lu/s2 imm]s$ 9 ! fil?9ess ( all mann] ( vice40 ,see ,*ri/ian ,obs]v] ( #ahai1 p4 #gcb4 ,b let u look at ! negro tribes 9 m mod]n days4 ,we quote f ,l&]1 p4 #eh3 8,:at makes u m desir\s to leave ?is abom9able place1 is ! fact 7z we h be5 told7 t a sacrifice ( no less ?an ?ree hundr$ human be+s1 ( bo? sexes & all ages1 is %ortly to take place4 ,we (t5 he> ! cries ( _m ( ^! poor wret*es2 & ! he>t sick5s ) horror at ! b>e contemplation ( su* a sc5e z awaits u %\ld we rema9 "h mu* long]40 ,& page #gd3 8,we h long$ to discov] a solit>y virtue l+]+ among ! natives ( ?is place1 7,badagry17 b z yet our se>* has be5 ineffectual40 ,& page #gg3 8,we h met ) no?+ b selfi%ness & rapacity1 f ! *ief to ! meane/ ( 8 p4 ,! religion ( ,badagry is ,mohamm$anism1 & ! wor/ species ( paganism2 t :i* sanctions & enjo9s ! sacrifice ( human be+s1 & o!r abom9able practices1 & ! wor%ip ( imag9>y demons & fi5ds40 ,page #aaj3 8,x is ! cu/om "h1 :5 a gov]nor dies1 = two ( 8 fav\rite wives to quit ! _w on ! same day1 9 ord] t he may h a little pleasant1 social company 9 a future /ate40 ,page #aaa3 8,! reason ( our n meet+ ) a bett] reception at ,loatoo1 :5 we slept !re1 0 ! want ( a *ief to t t[n1 ! la/ hav+ foll[$ ! old gov]nor to ! et]nal %ades1 = he 0 8 slave4 ,wid[s are burn$ 9 ,india1 j z !y are poison$ or clubb$ "h2 b 9 ! =m] c\ntry1 ,i believe no male victims are de/roy$ on su* occasions40 8,at ,paoya1 7page #abd17 sev]al *iefs 9 ! road h ask$ u ! reason :y ! ,portuguese d n pur*ase z _m slaves z =m]ly2 & make v sad compla9ts ( ! /agnation 9 ?is bran* ( traffic40 ,page #aeh3 8,at ,leograda1 a man ?9ks z little ( tak+ a wife z cutt+ an e> ( corn4 ,affection is altoge!r out ( ! "q40 ,page #afj3 8,at ,eit*o1 x w sc>cely be believ$1 t n less ?an "o hundr$ & sixty gov]nors ( t[ns & villages betwe5 ?is place & ! seacoa/1 all belong+ to ,y>iba1 h di$ f natural causes1 or h be5 sla9 9 w>1 s9ce ,i 0 la/ "h2 & t ( ! inhabit$ places ?r\gh :i* we h pass$1 n m ?an a half-doz5 *iefs are alive at ?is mom5t1 :o receiv$ & ent]ta9$ me on my return to ,badagry1 ?ree ye>s ago40 ,page #agf3 8,!y seem to h no social t5d]ness2 v few ( ^? amiable private virtues :i* w\ld w9 our affection1 & none ( ^? public qualities t claim respect or comm& admiration4 ,_! love ( c\ntry is n /rong en\gh 9 _! bosoms to incite !m to def5d x aga9/ ! irregul> incursions ( a despicable foe4 99 99 99 ,reg>dless ( ! pa/ z reckless ( ! future2 ! pres5t alone influ5ces _! actions4 ,9 ?is respect !y approa* ne>] to ! brute creation ?an p]haps any o!r p on ! face ( ! globe40 ,page #aha3 8,9 s l>ge a place z ?is1 :]e two-?irds ( ! population are slaves40 99 99 99 ,page #aib3 8,! cause ( x 0 soon expla9$ by 8 in=m+ u t he w\ld be doom$ to die ) two companions1 7slaves17 z soon z _! gov]nor's dissolution %\ld take place40 ,page #bbg3 8,9 ! =5oon we pass$ ne> a spot :]e our guides in=m$ u a p>ty ( ,falatahs1 a %ort "t ago1 murd]$ tw5ty ( _! slaves1 because !y _h n food suffici5t10 c4 ,page #bcb3 8,at ,coobly1 he w\ld r h giv5 u a boy 7slave7 in/ead ( ! horse40 ,page #bcc3 8,monday1 ,june #ad?4--,! gov]nor's old wife return$ f ,boossa ?is morn+1 :i!r %e _h gone 9 que/ ( ?ree female slaves :o _h fl$ f h] ab\t a =tnight s9ce4 ,%e has br\ght h] fugitives back ) h]1 & !y are n[ conf9$ 9 irons40 ,page #bgb3 8,bo? ^! days ! m5 h be5 ent]+ ! city2 & !y h br\ght ) !m only betwe5 =ty & fifty slaves40 ,page #bgh3 8,! *ief b5efits result+ to ,bello f ! success ( ! rebels1 7 a half-ye>ly tribute1 :i* ! magia agre$ to pay him 9 slaves40 ,page #bhb3 8,at ,yaooris4--,& _m ?\s&s ( 8 m51 fe>+ no law1 & hav+ no o/5sible employm5t1 are scatt]$ ov] ! face ( ! :ole c\ntry4 ,!y commit all sorts ( crimes2 !y plund]1 !y burn1 !y de/roy1 & ev5 murd]1 & are n acc\ntable to any e>?ly tribunal = _! actions40 ,page #cab3 8,at ,boossa4--,! mann]s ( ! ,africans too1 are ho/ile to ! int]e/ & advancem5t ( woman1 & %e is v r>ely plac$ on an equality ) h] husb&40 ,page #bbh3 8,a man is at lib]ty to return 8 wife to h] p>5ts at any "t1 & )\t adduc+ any reason40 ,page #cde3 8,! ,%eikh ( ,born\ has rec5tly issu$ a proclamation1 t no slaves f ! int]ior c\ntries are to be s5t = sale f>!r we/ ?an ,w[[1--s t none w be s5t 9 future f !nce to ! seaside4 ,! greate/ & mo/ pr(itable m>ket = slaves is said to be at ,timbuctoo1 :i!r _! own]s at pres5t transport !m to sell to ! ,arabs1 :o take !m ov] ! des]ts ( ,tah>a & ,libya to sell 9 ! ,b>b>y ,/ates4 ,an ,arab has in=m$ u t _m ( 8 c\ntrym5 trade z f> z ,turkey1 9 ,europe1 ) _! slaves1 :]e !y dispose ( !m = two hundr$ & fifty doll>s ea*4 99 99 99 ,p]haps x w\ld be speak+ )9 compass to say t f\r-fif?s ( ! :ole population ( ?is c\ntry1 7! ,eboe17 likewise e o!r h]eab\ts1 are slaves40 ,vol4 ii4 page #bjh3 8,x may appe> /range t ,i %\ld dwell s long on ?is subject1 = x seems q natural t e "o1 ev5 ! mo/ ?\ghtless b>b>ian1 w\ld feel at lea/ "s slight emotion on be+ exil$ f 8 native l& & enslav$2 b s f> is ?is f be+ ! case1 t ,africans1 g5]ally speak+1 betray ! mo/ p]fect indiff]5ce on los+ _! lib]ty & be+ depriv$ ( _! relatives2 :ile love ( c\ntry is seem+ly z great a /rang] to _! brea/s z social t5d]ness & dome/ic affection4 ,we h se5 _m ?\s&s ( slaves2 "s ( !m m intellig5t ?an o!rs2 b ! poor little fat woman :om ,i h m5tion$1--! associate ( bea/s & wall[+ 9 fil?1--^: c\nt5ance w\ld seem to indicate only li/nessness1 /upidity1 & p]haps idiotism1 )\t ! smalle/ symptom ( intellig5ce--%e alone has %[n any ?+ l regret on gaz+ on h] native l& = ! la/ "t40 ,page #bah3 8,x has be5 told u by _m t ! ,eboe p are confirmn$ ,an?ropophagi2 & ?is op9ion is m preval5t among ! tribes bord]+ on t k+dom ?an ) ! nations ( m remote di/ricts40 ,we %all close our extracts f ,l&]'s "w1 by ! foll[+1 %[+ t ! ,africans made slaves ( ! two ,l&]s !mselves4 ,page #bbe3 8,! k+ !n said1 ) a s]i\s c\nt5ance1 t !re 0 no necessity = fur!r discussion respect+ ! :ite m51 7! two bro!rs ,l&]17 8 m9d 0 already made up on ! subject2 & = ! fir/ "t1 he briefly expla9$ himself1 to ?is effect3 ,t circum/ances hav+ ?r[n u 9 ! way ( 8 subjects1 by ! laws & usages ( ! c\ntry he 0 n only entitl$ to our own p]sons1 b _h equal rights to ^? ( our att5dants4 ,t he %\ld take no fur!r advantage ( 8 good =tune ?an by ex*ang+ u = z mu* ,engli% goods z w\ld am\nt 9 value to tw5ty slaves40 ,! foll[+ we transcribe f ,/$man's ,n>rative1 vol4 ii4 page #bfg3 8,i %\ld n =get to m5tion t ! ,g+o negroes are suppos$ to be ,an?ropophagi1 or cannibals1 l ! ,c>ibbee ,indians1 in/igat$ by habitual & implacable rev5ge4 ,among ! rebels ( ?is tribe1 aft] ! tak+ ( ,b\core1 "s pots 7 f\nd on ! fire1 ) human fle%1 :i* "o ( ! (fic]s _h ! curiosity to ta/e2 & decl>$ t x 0 n inf]ior to "s k9ds ( beef or pork4 ,i h s9ce be5 in=m$1 by a ,mr4 ,vaugils1 an ,am]ican1 :o1 hav+ travell$ a great numb] ( miles inl& 9 ,africa1 at la/ came to a place :]e human arms1 legs1 & ?ighs hung ^u wood5 %ambles1 & 7 expos$ to sale l but*]'s meat4 ,& ,capta9 ,john ,ke51 =m]ly ( ! ,dolph91 b late ( ! ,vianbana s*oon]1 9 ! ,si]ra ,leone ,company's s]vice1 positively assur$ me t1 a few ye>s s9ce1 :5 he 0 on ! coa/ ( ,africa1 9 ! brig ,fame1 f ,bri/ol1 ,mr4 ,samuel ,briggs1 own]1 trad+ = wool1 ivory1 & gold-du/1 a ,capta9 ,dunn+51 ) ! :ole crew belong+ to ! ,nassau s*oon]1 7 cut 9 pieces1 salt$1 & eat5 by ! negroes ( ,great ,drew940 ,b ?is is no?+ to :at is relat$1 on good au?ority1 respect+ ! ,giagas1 a race ( cannibals :o are said to h ov]run a great "p ( ,africa4 ,^! mon/]s1 x is said1 are desc5d$ f ! ,ag[s & ,galia1 :o dwell 9 ! s\!rn extremity ( ,abyss9ia1 ne> ! s\rces ( ! ,nile4 ,impell$ by necessity or ! love ( plund]1 !y left _! orig9al settlem5ts1 & ext5d$ _! ravages ?r\gh ! he>t ( ,africa1 till !y 7 /opp$ by ! ,we/]n ,ocean4 ,!y seiz$ on ! k+dom ( ,b5guela1 lay+ to ! s\? ( ,angola2 & 9 ?is situation !y 7 f\nd by ! ,romi% mission>ies1 & by our c\ntryman1 ,&rew ,battel1 ^: adv5tures may be f\nd 9 ,pur*as's ,pilgrim4 ,bo? he1 & ! ,capu*9 ,cavozzi1 :o resid$ long among !m & conv]t$ sev]al ( !m to ,*ri/ianity1 gave su* an acc\nt ( _! mann]s z is en\gh to *ill ! blood ) horror4 ,we %all sp>e our read]s ! horrid detail1 only obs]v+ t human fle% is "o ( _! delicacies1 & t !y dev\r x1 n f a _s ( rev5ge1 or f any want ( o!r food1 b z ! mo/ agreeable da9ty4 ,"s ( _! comm&]s1 :5 !y w5t on an exp$ition1 c>ri$ numb]s ( "y wom5 along ) !m1 "s ( :om 7 sla9 almo/ e day1 to gratify ?is unnatural appetite40 ,see ,mod]n ,univ]sal ,hi/ory1 vol4 xvi4 p4 #cba2 also ,anzito2 also ,ed94 ,encyc4 vol4 ii4 p4 #ahe4 ,9 cont9uation ( ?is subject1 p]mit u to take a view ( ^! tribes1 at a "t j be=e ! slave-trade comm5c$ among !m ) ,*ri/ian nations4 ,! ,portuguese 7 fir/ to attempt to colonize portions ( ,africa1 ) ! d\ble view ( ext5d+ comm]ce & ( spread+ ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,!y comm5c$ a settlem5t ( t k9d 9 ! regions ( ,congo1 z e>ly z #aegh2 %ortly aft] :i*1 ! ,angolas1 an adjo9+ nation1 be+ at w> ) ea* o!r1 "o p>ty appli$ to ,congo & ! ,portuguese = aid1 :i* 0 l5t !m4 ,soon a battle took place1 9 :i* #abj1jjj ( ! ,angolas & ,giagas 7 sla94 ,see ,lopez's ,hi/4 ( ,congo4 ,ab\t ! same "t1 we f9d 9 ,dappus de l',afrique1 ! foll[+ data3 8,! natives ( ,angola are tall & /rong b1 l ! re/ ( ! ,e?iopians1 !y are s v lazy & indol5t1 t al?\gh _! soil is admirably adapt$ to ! rais+ ( cattle & ! production ( gra91 !y all[ bo? to be de/roy$ by ! wild bea/s ) :i* ! c\ntry ab\nds4 ,! advantages :i* !y enjoy f climate & soil are ?us neglect$4 99 99 99 ,we are told t ! p 9 "s ( ! idolatr\s prov9ces /ill fe$ on human fle%1 & pref] x to all o!r2 s t a dead slave gives a high] price 9 m>ket ?an a liv+ "o4 ,! cannibals are 9 all probability desc5d$ f ! b>b>\s race ( ! ,giagas1 by :om ! great] "p ( ! ea/]n & s\?-ea/]n prov9ces 7 peopl$4 ,"o mo/ inhuman cu/om /ill prevails 9 ?is "p ( ! k+dom1 & t is1 ! sacrific+ ( a numb] ( human victims at ! burial ( _! dead1 9 te/imony ( ! respect 9 :i* _! memory is held4 ,! numb] ( ^! unhappy victims is !re=e always 9 proportion to ! rank & weal? ( ! deceas$2 & _! bodies are aft]w>ds pil$ up 9 a heap ^u _! tombs4 99 99 99 ,?is pr9ce 7,angola ,*ilvagni7 became a great w>rior1 enl>g$ ! ,angolic dom9ions1 & di$ mu* regrett$2 & 0 succe$$ by 8 son1 ,dambi ,angola4 ,unlike 8 fa!r1 he is describ$ z a mon/] ( cruelty1 &1 happily = 8 subjects1 8 reign 0 ( %ort duration4 ,nev]!less1 he 0 buri$ ) great magnific5ce2 &1 accord+ to ! b>b>\s cu/om ( ! c\ntry1 a m\nd 0 erect$ ov] 8 grave1 fill$ ) ! bones ( human victims1 :o _h be5 sacrific$ to 8 manes40 8,he 0 succe$$ by ,ngola ,*ilvagni1 a w>like & cruel pr9ce1 :o c>ri$ 8 victori\s arms )9 a few leagues ( ,lo&o4 99 99 99 ,intoxicat$ ) success1 he fanci$ himself a ,god1 & claim$ div9e hon\rs4 99 99 99 ,ng+ha 0 elect$ 8 successor1 a pr9ce ( s cruel a disposition t all 8 subjects wi%$ 8 dea?2 :i*1 happily = !m1 soon arriv$4 ,nev]!less1 he 0 buri$ ) ! usual pomp1 ) ! usual numb] ( sacrifices4 ,8 son & successor1 ,b&i ,angola1 discov]$ a disposition /ill m cruel ?an 8 fa!r's4 99 99 99 ,to c\nt]act ^! & o!r idolatr\s rites1 & to s(t5 t b>b>ity ( mann]s :i* s g5]ally prevail$1 ! ,portuguese1 :5 !y e/abli%$ !mselves 9 ! c\ntry1 7#aegh17 7 at great pa9s to introduce ! invaluable bless+s ( ,*ri/ianity4 99 99 99 s t f ! ye> #aehj to #aeij1 we are in=m$1 no less a numb] ?an #bj1jjj 7 conv]t$ & publicly pr(ess$ ,*ri/ianity40 99 99 8,h] rema9s 7 no soon] deposit$ beside h] si/]s1 9 ! *ur* :i* %e _h built1 ?an ,mona ,z+ha decl>$ 8 abhorr5ce to ,*ri/ianity1 & reviv$ ! horrid ,giagan rites4 ,five wom51 ( ! fir/ rank1 7 by 8 ord]s buri$ 9 ! que5's grave1 & upw>ds ( =ty p]sons ( di/9ction 7 next sacrific$4 99 99 99 ,he wrote ! vic]oy at ,lo&o1 t he _h abjur$ ! ,*ri/ian religion1 :i* he said he _h =m]ly embrac$ m]ely out ( respect 99 99 99 to 8 que51 & t he n[ return$ to ! anci5t sect ( ! ,giagas4 ,t !re might rema9 no d\bt ( 8 s9c]ity 9 t decl>ation1 he foll[$ x ) ! sacrifice ( a great numb] ( victims1 9 hon\r ( _! bloody & idolatr\s rites1 ) ! de/ruction ( all ,*ri/ian *ur*es & *apels1 & ) ! p]secution ( ! ,*ri/ians 9 all p>ts ( 8 k+dom40 ,& we may "h rem>k t ev5 ! nations ( ! coa/ c\ld nev] be p]suad$ to aboli% human sacrifice1 nor to ! introduction ( ,*ri/ianity1 to any ext5t1 until aft] ! introduction ( ! slave-trade ) *ri/ian nations4 ,see also ,osborn's ,collection ( ,travels1 vol4 ii4 p4 #ecg2 ,mod4 ,univ]sal ,hi/4 vol4 #dc2 & ,ed94 ,encyc4 vol4 ii4 pp4 #ajg1 #aji1 #aaj1 #aac4 ,ov] two hundr$ ye>s ago1 & dur+ ! reign ( ,*>les ,i4 ( ,engl&1 ,sir ,?omas ,h]b]t1 7n ,"l ,edw>d ,h]b]t1 :o wrote a dei/ical book1 entitl$1 8,tru?107 a g5tleman ( mo/ elevat$ connection1 & a s*ol> devot$ to sci5ce & g5]al lit]ature1 ) a m9d adorn$ by poetry & influ5c$ by ! /ronge/ impulses ( human sympa?y2 & "o1 ( :om ,"l ,fairfax said1 8,he travell$1 n ) lucre sott$1 ,b w5t = k--& he got x60 ,?is au?or1 9 8 ,t\r 9 ,africa1 writes ?us3 8,! inhabitants "h along ! ,gold5 coa/ ( ,gu9ea1 & ,b591 b\nd$ ) ,tombotu1 7,timbuctoo17 ,gualata1 & ,mellis1 & wat]$ by ! great riv] ,nig]1 b1 especially 9 ! ,m$it]ranean 7inl&7 p>ts1 "k no ,god1 nor are at all will+ to be in/ruct$ by nature--8,scire nihil jucundissimum40 ,h[beit ! ,divel1 :o w n want 8 c]emonie1 has infus$ prodigi\s idolatry into _! he>ts1 en\gh to reli% 8 pallet1 & aggr&ize _! tortures1 :]e he gets p[] to fry _! s\ls1 z ! rag+ sun has scor*$ _! cole-black c>casses4 99 99 99 ,^? c\ntries are full ( black-sk9n$ wret*es1 ri* 9 e>?1 z ab\nd+ ) ! be/ m9]als & ) elephants1 b mis]able 9 ,demonomy4 99 99 99 ,let "o "* s]ve = all4 ,= col\r !y resemble *imney-sweep]s2 unlike !m 9 ?is1 !y are ( no pr(ession1 except rap9e & villany make "o2 = "h1 ,demonis omnia pl5a4 99 99 99 ,b 9 ,loango & ! ,anziqui ! p are little o!r ?an divels inc>nate2 n satisfi$ ) nature's treasures1 z gold1 preci\s /ones1 fle% 9 v>iety1 & ! l2 ! de/ruction ( m5 & wom5 neighb\r+ !m1 ^: dead c>casses !y dev\r ) a vulture reli% & appetite2 :om if !y miss1 !y s]ve _! fri5ds su* scurvy sauce1 but*]+ !m1 & ?9k+ !y excuse all 9 a complim5t t !y "k no bett] way to express love ?an 9 mak+ two bodies 9 "o1 by an insep>able union2 yea1 "s1 z "s report1 pr(f]+ !mselves to ! %ambles1 accord+ly are disjo9t$ & set to sale ^u ! /alls4 99 99 99 ,! natives ( ,africa be+ propagat$ f ,*am1 bo? 9 _! visages & natures1 seem to inh]it 8 mal$iction4 99 99 99 ,!y are v brutes4 ,a dog 0 ( t value "h t tw5ty salvages 7slaves7 h be5 ex*ang$ = "o ( !m2 b ( late ye>s ! ex*ange "h made = negroes1 to transport into ! ,c>iba isles & cont95t ( ,am]ica1 is become a consid]able trade40 ,x w be rememb]$ h[ great h be5 ! ex]tions ( ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t to aboli% totally ! slave-trade 9 ,africa4 ,a great numb] ( slave %ips 7 captur$1 & ! negroes f\nd on bo>d s5t to ,si]ra ,leone4 ,/rong hopes 7 ent]ta9$ t 8poor1 suff]+ ,africa0 0 ab\t to be civiliz$4 ,we quote f ! ,hib]nian ,auxili>y ,mission>y ,report1 ,*ri/ian ,obs]v]1 #ahbj1 pages #hhh & #hhi3 8,! slave-trade1 :i* l ! 7fabl$7 upas1 bla/s all t is :olesome 9 its vic9ity1 has1 9 "o important in/ance1 be5 "h ov]rul$ = good4 ,x has be5 made ! means ( assembl+ on "o spot1 & t on a ,*ri/ian soil1 individuals f almo/ e nation ( ! we/]n coa/ ( ,africa4 ,x has be5 made ! means ( introduc+ to civilization & religion _m hundr$s f ! int]ior ( t va/ cont95t1 :o _h nev] se5 ! face ( a :ite man1 nor he>d ! "n ( ,jesus4 ,& x w be made ! means "u ,god ( s5d+ to ! nations beyond ! ,nig] & ! ,zaire1 native mission>ies :o w prea* ! ,r$eem] 9 ! utmo/ p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 & enable _! c\ntrym5 to he> 9 _! own tongue ! wond]ful works ( ,god4 ,european av>ice & native pr(ligacy leave no "p ( ,africa unexplor$ = victims2 & ^! slaves1 rescu$ by our cruis]s1 & l&$ on ! %ores ( our colony1 are receiv$ by our mission>ies & plac$ 9 _! s*ools40 ,! sympa?ies ( ! _w 7 excit$ on ?is subject1 & e civiliz$ he>t cri$ am51 9 union ) ! impulsive feel+s ( ?is ,hib]nian ,report4 ,b let u rememb] to inquire a little into ! facts1 & exam9e :e!r ^! hopes 7 well or ill f\nd$4 ,we quote f vol4 xix4 ( ! ,*ri/ian ,obs]v]1 page #hij3 8,mr4 ,johnson 0 appo9t$ to ! c>e ( ,reg5t's ,t[n1 9 ! mon? ( ,june1 #ahaf4 ,on look+ n>r[ly into ! actual condition ( ! p intru/$ to 8 c>e1 he felt great disc\ragem5t4 ,natives ( tw5ty-two diff]5t nations 7 !re collect$ toge!r4 ,a consid]able numb] ( !m _h be5 b rec5tly lib]at$ f ! holds ( slave-vessels4 ,!y 7 greatly prejudic$ aga9/ "o ano!r1 & 9 a /ate ( cont9ual ho/ility1 ) no common m$ium ( int]c\rse b a little brok5 ,engli%4 ,:5 clo?+ 0 giv5 to !m1 !y w\ld sell x1 or ?r[ x away3 x 0 difficult to induce !m to put x on2 & x 0 n f\nd practicable to introduce x among !m1 until l$ to x by ! example ( ,mr4 ,johnson's s]vant-girl4 ,none ( !m1 on _! fir/ arrival1 seem$ to live 9 a /ate ( m>riage2 "s ( !m 7 soon aft]w>ds m>ri$ by ! late ,mr4 ,buts*]2 b all ! bless+s ( ! m>riage /ate & ( female purity appe>$ to be q unkn[n4 99 99 99 ,sup]/ition1 9 v>i\s =ms1 tyranniz$ ov] _! m9ds2 _m devil's h\ses sprang up1 & all plac$ _! security 9 we>+ gregrees4 ,sc>cely any desire ( improvem5t 0 disc]nable4 99 99 99 ,"s1 :o wi%$ to cultivate ! soil1 7 det]r$ f do+ s by ! fe> ( be+ plund]$ ( ! produce4 ,"s w\ld live 9 ! woods1 ap>t f society2 & o!rs subsi/$ by ?iev+ & plund]3 !y w\ld /eal p\ltry & pigs f any :o possess$ !m1 & w\ld eat !m raw2 & n a few ( !m1 p>ticul>ly ( ! ,eboe nation1 ! mo/ savage ( !m all1 w\ld pref] any k9d ( refuse meat to ! rations :i* !y receiv$ f ,gov]nm5t40 ,d\btless ,mr4 ,johnson & 8 successors h done all t good m5 c\ld d1 ev5 "u ! protection ( ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t2 b h !y1 9 ! lea/1 affect$ ! slave-trade ( ,africa1 o!rwise ?an to div]t its direction1 or h !y dim9i%$ x to any obs]vable ext5t8 ,true1 its c\rse has be5 *ang$1 & its enormities !reby increas$ t5fold4 ,in/ead ( its subjects be+ br\ght "u ! reg5]at+ influ5ces ( ,*ri/ianity1 !y are sacrific$ at ! %r9e ( fri5ds at home1 or s5t among pagans or ,mohamm$ans6 ,let ! ,*ri/ian philosoph] ?9k ( ^! ?+s4 ,:ile we recollect ! proclamation ( ! ,emp]or ( ,b\rno1 let u look at ! slave-trade z n[ c>ri$ on ) ! ,b>b>y ,/ates1 ! ,arab tribes1 & ,egypt & ,asia1 z well z ,turkey 9 ,europe4 ,we quote f 8,burckh>t's ,travels 9 ,nubia10 z report$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,obs]v]1 vol4 xix4 p4 #dei3 8,! au?or _h a mo/ fav\rable opportunity ( collect+ intellig5ce & mak+ obs]vations on ?is subject1 7slav]y17 z connect$ ) ! nor!a/]n p>ts ( ,africa by travell+ ) companies ( slaves & slave-m]*ants ?r\gh ! des]ts ( ,nubia4 99 99 99 ,! *ief m>t 9 ! ,nubian m\nta9s1 = ! ,egyptian & ! ,arabian slave-trade1 is ,%5dy4 99 99 99 ,to ?is emporium1 slaves are br\ght f v>i\s p>ts ( ! int]ior1 & p>ticul>ly f ! idolatr\s 99 99 99 tribes 9 ! vic9ity ( ,d>f\r1 ,bozgho1 & ,d> ,saley40 ,our travell] calculat$ ! numb] sold annually 9 ! m>ket ( ,%5dy at five ?\s&4 8,f> ! l>g] "p ( ^! slaves are "u ! age ( fifte540 ,see page #dfj3 8,few slaves are import$ into ,egypt )\t *ang+ ma/]s sev]al times4 99 99 99 ,a slave1 = example1 pur*as$ at ,f]tit1 is transf]r$ at lea/ six times be=e he arrives at ,cairo4 ,^! rapid *anges1 z might be expect$1 are productive ( great h>d%ip to ! un=tunate individuals1 especially 9 ! toilsome j\rney across ! des]ts4 ,burckh>t saw on sale at ,%5dy1 _m *ildr5 ( f\r or five ye>s old1 )\t _! p>5ts4 99 99 99 ,burckh>t has ent]$ into ! details ( cruelties ( ano!r k9d1 practis$ on ! slaves to raise _! pecuni>y value4 ,! p>ticul>s are n suitable = a "w ( miscellane\s p]usal4 99 99 99 ,! great m>t1 h[ev]1 = ! supply ( ,european & ,asiatic ,turkey ) ! k9d ( slaves requir$ z gu>dians = ! h>em1 ,mr4 ,burckh>t in=ms u1 is n at ,%5dy1 b at a village ne> ,si\t1 9 ,upp] ,egypt1 inhabit$ *iefly by ,*ri/ians40 7,abyss9ians1 we suppose47 ,! mode ( m>*+ slaves is describ$ z foll[s3 8,on ! j\rney1 !y are ti$ to a long pole1 "o end ( :i* is ti$ to a camel's saddle1 & ! o!r1 :i* is =k$1 is pass$ on ea* side ( ! slave's neck1 & ti$ beh9d ) a /rong cord1 s z to prev5t him draw+ out 8 head3 9 addition to ?is1 8 "r h& is also fa/5$ to ! pole1 at a %ort di/ance f ! head1 ?us leav+ only 8 legs & left arm at lib]ty4 ,9 ?is mann] he m>*es ! :ole day beh9d ! camel3 at night he is tak5 f ! pole & put 9 irons4 ,:ile on ! r\te to ,s\akim1 ,i saw sev]al slaves c>ri$ along 9 ?is way4 ,_! own]s 7 afraid ( _! escap+1 or ( becom+ !mselves ! objects ( _! v5geance2 & 9 ?is mann] !y w\ld cont9ue to be conf9$ until sold to a ma/]1 :o1 int5d+ to keep !m1 w\ld endeav\r to atta* !m to 8 p]son4 ,9 g5]al1 ! trad]s seem greatly to dread ! effects ( sudd5 res5tm5t 9 _! slaves2 & if a gr[n-up boy is to be :ipp$1 8 ma/] fir/ puts him 9 irons40 ,page #ccc3 8,females ) *ildr5 on _! backs foll[ ! c>avans on foot2 & if a camel breaks d[n1 ! own] g5]ally loads 8 slaves ) ! packages2 & if a boy 9 ! ev5+ c only obta9 a little butt] ) 8 dh\rra bread1 & "s grease e two or ?ree days to sme> 8 body & hair1 he is cont5t$1 & nev] compla9s ( fatigue4 ,ano!r cause :i* induces ! m]*ants to treat ! slaves well 787 is _! anxiety to dissipate ! horror :i* ! negroes all ent]ta9 ( ,egypt & ! :ite p4 ,x is a common op9ion 9 ! black slave c\ntries t ! ,oul$] ,rif1 or *ildr5 ( ,rif1 z ! ,egyptians are !re call$1 dev\r ! slaves1 :o are transport$ ?i!r = t purpose3 ( c\rse1 ! trad]s d e ?+ 9 _! p[] to de/roy ?is belief2 b1 not)/&+ all _! endeav\rs1 x is nev] eradicat$ f ! m9d ( ! slaves40 ,page #dfb3 8,! mann]s ( ! p ( ,s\akim are ! same z ^? ,i h already describ$ 9 ! int]ior1 & ,i h reason to believe t !y are common to ! :ole ( ea/]n ,africa1 includ+ ,abyss9ia1 :]e ! "* ( ! inhabitants1 z drawn by ,bruce1 seems little diff]5t f t ( ^! ,nubians4 ,i regret t ,i am compell$ to repres5t all ! nations ( ,africa :i* ,i h yet se51 9 s bad a light40 ,we next quote f ! ,family ,magaz9e1 #ahcf1 page #dci1 z foll[s3 8,_m ( ! ,dayaks h a r\gh1 scaly scurf on _! sk91 l ! ,jacong ( ! ,malay ,p59sula4 99 99 99 ,! female slaves ( ?is race1 :i* are f\nd among ! ,malays1 h no appe>ance ( x4 99 99 99 ,) reg>d to _! fun]al c]emonies1 ! corpse 99 99 99 rema9s 9 ! h\se till ! son1 ! fa!r1 or ! next ( blood1 c procure or pur*ase a slave1 :o is behead$ at ! "t ! corpse is burn$1 9 ord] t he may become ! slave ( ! deceas$ 9 ! next _w4 99 99 99 ,nobody c be p]mitt$ to m>ry till he c pres5t a human head ( "s o!r tribe to 8 propos$ bride4 99 99 99 ,! head-hunt] proce$s 9 ! mo/ cauti\s mann] to ! vic9ity ( ! villages ( ano!r tribe1 & lies 9 ambu% till he c surprise "s he$less1 unsuspect+ wret*1 :o is in/antly decapitat$4 99 99 99 ,:5 ! hunt] returns1 ! :ole village is fill$ ) joy1 & old & "y1 m5 & wom51 hurry out to meet him1 & conduct him1 ) ! s\nd ( braz5 cymbals1 danc+1 9 long l9es1 to ! h\se ( ! female he admires1 ^: family likewise come out to greet him ) dances1 & provide him ) a seat1 & give him meat & dr9k4 ,he holds ! bloody head /ill 9 8 h&1 & puts "p ( ! food into 8 m\?1 aft] :i* ! females ( ! family receive ! head f him1 :i* !y hang up to ! ceil+ ov] ! door4 ,if a man's wife die1 he is n p]mitt$ to make proposals ( m>riage to ano!r till he has procur$ ano!r head ( a diff]5t tribe4 ,! heads !y procure 9 ?is mann]1 !y pres]ve ) great c>e1 & sometimes consult 9 div9ation4 ,! religi\s op9ions connect$ ) ?is practice are by no means correctly und]/ood3 "s ass]t !y believe t e p]son :om a man kills 9 ?is _w becomes 8 slave 9 ! next4 99 99 99 ,! practice ( /eal+ heads causes frequ5t w>s among ! tribes ( ! ,idean4 ,_m p]sons nev] c obta9 a head2 9 :i* case !y are g5]ally despis$ by ! w>riors & ! wom54 ,to su* a height is x c>ri$1 h[ev]1 t a p]son :o has obta9$ elev5 heads has be5 se51 & at ! same "t he po9t$ out 8 son :o1 a "y lad1 _h procur$ ?ree40 ,james ,edw>d ,alex&]1 ,h4,l4,s41 dur+ ! ye>s #ahcf & #ahcg1 made an excursion f ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope into ! int]ior ( ,s\? ,africa & ! c\ntries ( ! ,namaquas1 ,bos*mans1 & ,hill ,dam>as1 "u ! auspices ( ,h] ,maje/y's ,gov]nm5t & ! ,royal ,geographical ,society1 :i* has be5 publi%$ 9 two volumes2 f :i* we extract1 vol4 i4 page #abf3 8,i 0 anxi\s to asc]ta9 ! ext5t ( k among ! tribe 7,dam>as7 ) :i* ,i n[ dwelt2 to le>n :at !y knew ( !mselves1 & ( m5 & ?+s 9 g5]al2 b ,i mu/ say t !y positively "k no?+ beyond trac+ game & break+ 9 jack-ox54 ,!y did n "k "o ye> f ano!r2 !y only knew t at c]ta9 times ! trees & fl[]s bloom1 & !n ra9 0 expect$4 ,z to _! own age1 !y knew no m :at x 0 ?an idiots4 ,"s ev5 _h no names4 ,( numb]s1 ( c\rse1 !y 7 ne>ly or q ignorant2 few c\ld c\nt above five2 & he 0 a clev] fell[ :o c\ld c\nt 8 t5 f+]s4 ,above all !y _h n ! lea/ idea ( ,god or ( a future /ate4 ,!y 71 lit]ally l ! bea/s :i* p]i%40 ,page #afc1 #afd1 & #afe3 8,at ,*ubee*es ! p 7 v poor4 99 99 99 ,/&+ 9 ne$ ( a %eph]d1 ,i obs]v$ "h two or ?ree f9e little ,dam>a boys1 z black z ebony4 99 99 99 ,i said to ! old woman to :om ,saul belong$1 #8,y h two boys1 & !y are />v+2 y h no?+ to give !m4' #8,?is is true1' %e repli$4 #8,w y "p ) ,saul8' said ,i2 #8,i want a %eph]d1 & ! boy wants to g ) me4' #8,y w f9d him too cunn+1' return$ ! old dame4 #8,i want a clev] fell[1' said ,i4 #8,v well1' %e repli$2 #8give me f\r cotton h&k]*iefs & he is y\rs4' #8,suppose1' said ,i1 #8y take two h&k]*iefs & two /r+s ( glass beads8' #8,yes6 t w d2' & s ! b>ga9 0 clos$2 & ?us a good specim5 ( ,dam>a fle% & blood 0 b\ght = ! value ( ab\t f\r %ill+s4 99 99 99 ,i told him to g & br+ 8 sk9s2 on :i* he in=m$ me t he _h none1 sav+ :at he /ood 9--& t 0 8 own sable hide1 ) ! addition ( ! usual /rap ( lea!r ar\nd 8 wai/1 f :i* hung a piece ( jackal's sk9 9 front4 ,con/ant exposure to ! vicissitudes ( ! wea!r1 )\t clo!s1 h>d5s ! sk9 ( ! body l t ( ! face2 & /ill x is difficult to sleep at nights )\t prop] cov]+4 ,9 cold wea!r1 ! poor creatures ( ,namaqua ,l&1 :o may h no k>osses1 sit c[]+ ov] a fire all night1 & m]ely doze ) _! heads on _! knees40 ,vol4 ii4 page #bc3 8,c any /ate ( society be consid]$ m l[ & brutal ?an t 9 :i* promiscu\s int]c\rse is view$ ) ! mo/ p]fect indiff]5ce2 :]e x is n only practis$1 b spok5 ( )\t any %ame or compunction8 ,"s rave ab\t ! glori\s lib]ty ( ! savage /ate1 & ab\t ! innoc5ce ( ! *ildr5 ( nature1 & say t x is *iefly by ! :ite m5 t !y become corrupt4 ,! ,bos*mans ( ,ababres _h nev] se5 :ite m5 be=e2 !y 7 f> remov$ f ! influ5ce ( ! ,europeans40 ,vol4 i4 page #ajb3 8,not)/&+ t "s p ma9ta9 t !re is no nation on e>? )\t religion 9 "s =m1 h[ev] fa9tly x may be trac$ 9 _! m9ds1 yet1 aft] mu* dilig5t inquiry1 ,i c\ld n discov] ! slighte/ feel+ ( devotion t[>ds a high] & invisible p[] among ! ,hill ,dam>as40 ,9 ,mohamm$an c\ntries1 ! mo/ unfav\rable portions ( ! slave's exi/5ce1 z su*1 is :ile 9 ! h&s ( ! geeleb1 or slave-m]*ant1 & until he is sold to "o :o designs to keep him p]man5tly4 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance1 if negroes1 !y suff] mu* 9 ! j\rney f ! place ( pur*ase to t ( sale4 ,= in/ance1 x has be5 kn[n1 9 ! j\rney f ,s5na> & ,d>f\r to ! slave-m>t at ,cairo1 or ev5 ! int]m$iate "o at ,si\t1 ! loss 9 a slave c>avan1 ( m51 wom51 camels1 & horses1 am\nt$ to n less ?an #djjj4 ,! circum/ances ( ! m>t itself sc>cely appe> 9 a m fav\rable aspect ?an ^? ( ! j\rney1--:e!r we reg>d ! mis]able be+s1 z 9 ! m>ket at ,cairo1 cr[d$ toge!r 9 enclosures l ! %eep-p5s 9 ,smi?field m>ket1 amid ! abom9able /5* & uncleanness :i* result f _! conf9em5t2 :e!r1 z at ano!r great m>t at ,muscat1 we p]ceive ! deal] walk+ to & fro1 ) a /ick 9 8 h&1 betwe5 two lots ( ill-clo!d boy & girls1 :om he is (f]+ = sale1 proclaim+ al\d1 z he passes1 ! price fix$ on ea*2 or else lead+ 8 /r+ ( slaves ?r\gh ! n>r[ & dirty /reets1 & call+ out _! prices z he exhibits !m 9 ?is ambulatory auction4 99 99 99 ,! slaves1 v>i\sly exhibit$1 usually appe> q indiff]5t to ! process1 or only %[ an anxiety to be sold1 f kn[+ t z slaves1 f9ally pur*as$1 _! condition w be mu* ameliorat$4 99 99 99 ,h[ little slav]y is dread$ is also %[n by ! fact t ev5 ,mohamm$an p>5ts or relatives are1 9 cases ( em]g5cy1 ready en\gh to (f] _! *ildr5 = sale4 ,dur+ ! fam9e :i* a few ye>s s9ce drove ! p ( ,mosul to ,b5gal1 "o c\ld n pass ! /reets )\t be+ annoy$ by ! solicitations ( p>5ts to pur*ase _! boys & girls = ! m]e/ trifle2 & ev5 9 ,koordi/an1 :]e no con/ra9+ motive appe>$ to exi/1 we h be5 s\nd$ z to our will+ness to pur*ase "y memb]s ( ! family4 ,europeans 9 ! ,ea/ are sc>cely consid]$ am5able to any g5]al rules1 b ,*ri/ians g5]ally are n all[$ to possess any o!r ?an negro slaves40 ,london ,p5ny ,mag4 #ahcd1 pp4 #bdc1 #bdd2 also1 ,sket*es ( ,p]sia1 & ,johnson's ,j\rney f ,india4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xv4 ,quotations f books ( au?ority1 portray+ ! univ]sal /ate ( degradation ( ! ,african hordes1 may be made to an unlimit$ ext5t4 ,our object has be5 to pres5t "s idea ( :at ! negro is 9 8 own c\ntry1 :5 beyond ! influ5ce ( ,am]ican slav]y4 ,we w n[ advance "s views ( him & 8 race1 z !y pres5t !mselves 9 ?is ,am]ican slav]y4 ,& "h let u premise t ! population ( ! ,african tribes is e/imat$ at #ej1jjj1jjj1 #dj1jjj1jjj ( :om are deem$ to be slaves1 t ! w>s among !m are n s mu* w>s to make freem5 slaves1 z !y are to appropriate ! slaves ( "o own] to ! rightful own]%ip ( ano!r1 accord+ to _! notions ( law & _! cu/oms ( "r4 ,among !m1 conque/ always subjects to slav]y4 ,:5 slaves take a captive1 he is ! prop]ty ( _! ma/]4 ,slav]y exi/s !re accord+ to _! laws & cu/oms2 & !re is no evid5ce1 nor 9 fact is x probable1 t ev5 ! slave-trade ) ,am]ica has ev] increas$ ! ext5t or degree ( slav]y 9 ,africa4 ,we quote f a truly able & sympa!tic writ]1 ,j4 ,mori]'s 8,second ,j\rney ?r\gh ,p]sia10 z report$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,obs]v]1 vol4 xvi4 page #hjh3 8,dur+ ! "t we 7 at ! ,brazils1 ! slave-trade 0 9 full vig\r1 & a visit to ! slave-m>ket impress$ u m ) ! iniquity ( ?is traffic ?an any o!r ?+ t c\ld be said or writt5 on ! subject4 ,on ea* side ( ! /reet :]e ! m>ket 0 held1 7 l>ge rooms 9 :i* ! negroes 7 kept2 & dur+ ! day1 !y 7 se5 9 melan*oly gr\ps1 wait+ to be deliv]$ f ! h&s ( ! trad]1 ^: dreadful economy might be trac$ 9 _! p]sons1 :i* at t "t 7 little bett] ?an skeletons4 ,if su* 7 _! /ate on %ore1 ) ! advantage ( air & space1 :at mu/ h be5 _! condition on bo>d ! %ip t br\ght !m hi!r8 ,x is n unfrequ5t t slaves escape to ! woods1 :]e !y are almo/ z frequ5tly retak54 ,:5 ?is is ! case1 !y h an iron coll> put ab\t _! necks1 ) a long hook$ arm ext5d+ f x1 to imp$e _! progress ?r\gh ! woods1 9 case !y %\ld abscond a second "t4 ,yet amid all ?is mis]y1 x 0 pleas+ to obs]ve ! _m negroes :o frequ5t$ ! *ur*es1 & to see !m1 9 =m & pr(ession1 at lea/ mak+ a "p ( a ,*ri/ian congregation40 ,mr4 ,mori]'s /atem5t may be> te/imony to abuses ( slav]y2 b x c]ta9ly be>s te/imony to ano!r ?+ m important to ! slave4 8,! fe> ( ! ,"l is ! beg9n+ ( wisdom40 ,prov4 ix4 #aj4 ,& we "h beg leave to rem>k t we %all1 9 all in/ances1 draw our pro(s f ! enemies ( ! in/itution4 ,we quote f ,b]bick's ,notes on ,am]ica1 page #bj1 & report$ 9 vol4 xvi4 ( ! ,*ri/ian ,obs]v]1 publi%$ 9 ,london1 ,may #aj?1 page #aji3 8,i saw two female slaves & _! *ildr5 sold by auction 9 ! /reet2 an incid5t ( common occurr5ce "h1 ?\gh horrify+ to myself & _m o!r /rang]s4 ,i c\ld h>dly be> to see !m h&l$ & exam9$ l cattle2 & :5 ,i he>d _! sobs & saw ! big te>s roll+ d[n _! *eeks at ! ?\ght ( be+ sep>at$1 ,i c\ld n refra9 f weep+ ) !m40 ,?is may h be5 v cruel 9 ! :ite man2 b :o has ev] he>d ( a negro 9 ,africa display+ su* a /r5g? ( t5d]ness & feel+ ( sympa?y z "h manife/$8 ,& h[ are we to acc\nt = x 9 ?is in/ance1 if n by ! reg5]at+ influ5ce ( a few g5]ations 9 ,am]ican & ,*ri/ian slav]y8 ,h[ev] sl[ ! action1 ! condition ( ! m5tal faculties 0 improv$ & ! moral condition ameliorat$4 ,b 9 ! same page1 he says-- 8,a travell] told me t he saw1 a few weeks ago1 "o hundr$ & tw5ty sold by auction 9 ! /reets ( ,ri*mond1 & t !y fill$ ! air ) _! lam5tations40 ,! case ( ! wom5 0 n solit>y1 & d\btless we %all f9d su* pro( ( an improv$ /ate ( ! affections q common4 ,b ?is good man cont9u\sly pursues ! subject3 8,x has also be5 confid5tly alleg$1 t ! condition ( slaves 9 ,virg9ia1 "u ! mild treatm5t !y are said to exp]i5ce1 is pref]able to t ( our ,engli% lab\r]s4 ,i "k & lam5t ! degrad+ /ate ( dep5d5t pov]ty to :i* ! latt] h be5 gradually r$uc$ by ! op]ation ( laws orig9ally design$ = _! com=t & protection4 ,i "k also t _m slaves pass _! lives 9 comp>ative ease1 & seem to be unconsci\s ( _! bonds1 & t ! mo/ wret*$ ( our paup]s might ev5 envy ! allotm5t ( ! happy negro40 ,we w n[ quote f ,lieut5ant ,francis ,hall1 ( ! ,briti% ,light ,dragoons4 ,9 8 ,travels 9 ,canada & ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 publi%$ 9 ,london1 #ahah1 pages #ceg to #cfj1 he says-- 8,i took ! boat ?is morn+1 & cross$ ! f]ry ov] to ,portsm\?1 ! small t[n :i* ,i told y 0 opposite to ?is place1 7,norfolk47 ,x 0 c\rt-day1 & a l>ge cr[d ( p 0 ga!r$ ab\t ! door ( ! c\rt-h\se4 ,i _h h>dly got ^u ! /eps to look 91 :5 my e>s 7 assail$ by ! voice ( s++1 & turn+ r\nd to obs]ve f :at qu>t] x came1 ,i saw a gr\p ( ab\t ?irty negroes1 ( diff]5t sizes & ages1 foll[+ a r\gh-look+ :ite man1 :o sat c>elessly loll+ 9 8 sulkey4 ,!y _h j turn$ r\nd ! corn]1 & 7 com+ up ! ma9 /reet1 to pass by ! spot :]e ,i /ood1 on _! way out ( t[n4 ,z !y came ne>]1 ,i saw "s ( !m load$ ) *a9s to prev5t _! escape1 :ile o!rs _h hold ( ea* o!r's h&s1 /rongly grasp$1 z if to support !mselves 9 _! affliction4 ,i p>ticul>ly notic$ a poor "m1 ) an infant1 z %e walk$ along1 :ile two small *ildr5 _h hold ( h] apron on ei!r side1 almo/ runn+1 to keep up ) ! re/4 ,!y came along s++ a little wild hymn1 ( sweet & m\rnful melody1 fly+1 by ,div9e in/9ct ( ! he>t1 to ! consolations ( religion1 ! la/ refuge ( ! unhappy1 to support !m 9 _! di/ress40 ,we h no k ( ,lieut5ant ,hall's p[]s ( d$uction1 nor ( :at he ?\ght ?is /ory prov$4 ,b x w surely give u new views ( ,africa1 if he w travel !re1 & f9d su* a sc5e !re1 among ! _m slaves he may n[ see nak$1 ti$ to poles1 & leav+ _! c\ntry = ev]4 ,! _w has be5 flood$ ) /ories ( ?is description1 "s ( :i* prove ! abuses ( slav]y1 b all ( !m prove "s amelioration1 bo? m5tally & physically1 9 ! condition ( ! slave "h1 :5 comp>$ ) ! condition ( ! ,african at home1 :e!r bond or free4 ,mr4 ,b>nes has admitt$ "o into 8 book1 pages #acf1 #acg1 & #ach1 :i* adds /r5g? to our position3 its l5g? excludes a copy4 ,we quote aga9 f ! ,*ri/ian ,obs]v]1 vol4 xv4 p4 #eda3 8,missions ( ! ,unit$ ,bre?r5 at ,sur9am40--,mr4 ,campbell writes3 8,on ! plantations & at ,sommelsdyk !re 0 a great desire among ! negroes to he> ! gospel1 :i* f9ds entrance into _m ( _! he>ts4 99 99 99 ,at ,p>am>ibo1 ! negro congregation consi/$1 at ! close ( #ahac1 ( #eej40 8,on ! #cj? ( ,augu/1 #ahad1 ! same mission>y writes t ! ^w ( ,god among ! negroes 9 ,p>am>ibo cont9ues to increase1 & we h great reason to rejoice & take c\rage :5 we see m>k$ pro(s ( ! ,div9e bless+ ^u our feeble m9i/ry40 ,see page #edb4 8,antigua40--8,a lett] f ?is isl&1 dat$1 ,grace ,hill1 ,jan4 #ad?1 #ahad4 99 99 99 ,! congregation ( ,*ri/ian negroes at ?is place consi/$1 at ! close ( #ahac1 ( #bjhg p]sons40 ,aga91 page #edc3 8,"s poor negroes1 :o1 al?\gh !y sigh "u ! pressure ( slav]y & v>i\s h>d%ips1 or ailm5ts ( body1 seek consolation & refre%m5t f ! m]itori\s passion ( ,jesus1 are enabl$1 ) te>s ( joy1 to lay hold on ^! words ( ,scripture3 #8,i reckon t ! suff]+s ( ?is pres5t "t are n wor?y to be comp>$ ) ! glory :i* %all be reveal$ 9 u4'0 ,aga91 p4 #eed3 8,jamaica40--,mr4 ,lang1 ! mission>y1 writes ?us1 on ! #e? ,febru>y1 #ahad3 8,x pleases ! ,"l /ill to bless our lab\rs ) success1 s z to enc\rage u to believe t he has ?\ghts ( peace reg>d+ ! negroes 9 ,jamaica also1 & w visit !m yet m g5]ally ) 8 salvation10 c4 ,page #edf3 8,dani% ,isl&s4--,! numb] ( ,*ri/ian negroes belong+ to ! diff]5t missions 9 ! ,dani% ,isl&s1 01 at ! end ( #ahac1 z foll[s3 ,at ,fri$5/hal1 ,/4 ,croix #e1ajj 0 ,fri$5sb]g 0 #b1cif 0 ,new ,h]nhutt1 ,/4 ,?omas #idi 0 ,nisky 0 #a1cjd 0 ,be?any1 ,/4 ,jan #dgd 0 ,emmaus 0 #ieb ------ ,total #aa1age 8,/4 ,kitts4--,on ! #aj? ,augu/1 #ahad1 ! mission>ies write t !y h lately _h sev]al v pleas+ in/ances ( negroes dep>t+ ?is life 9 reliance on ! m]its ( ! ,savi\r1 ) great joy & ! sure & /eadfa/ hope ( ev]la/+ life40 ,among u x seems to be b little kn[n :at h be5 ! provid5ces ( ,god t[>ds ! slaves ( ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,! foll[+ sket* is tak5 f ! ,report ( ! ,moravian ,mission>ies1 z f\nd 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,obs]v]1 vol4 xvi4 page #fd3 ,missions to ! ,slaves 9 ! ,,dani% ,,isl&s4 ,:5 begun4 ,no4 ( ,no4 ( ,settlem5ts4 ,mission>ies4 ,/4 ,?omas #b ,/4 ,croix #agcb #c #cb ,/4 ,jan4 #b ,,briti% ,,isl&s4 ,jamaica #aged #d #aj ,antigua #agef #c #af #ahag #a ,/4 ,kitts #agge #a #d ,b>badoes4 #agch #c #aa ,,s\? ,,am]ica g5]ally4 #agfe #a #d ---- ---- #bj #gg ,! ,dut* took possession ( ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope 9 #afej4 ,slaves f v>i\s p>ts ( ,africa1 ,mozambique1 & ! ,malay ,isl&s 7 introduc$2 we h no means ( kn[+ to :at ext5t4 ,som]ville f\nd ! city ( ,cape ,t[n to conta9 #aade h\ses1 #eejj :ite & free p ( col\r1 & #aj1jjj slaves4 ,9 all ( ! ye>s #agcf-agib1 & #ahah1 ! ,moravians e/abli%$ #bg mission>ies to ! blacks4 ,b !y1 nor no o!r p1 h ev] be5 able to produce any consid]able effect !re1 or else:]e1 ^u ! natives1 except ^u su* z 7 9 slav]y among a ,*ri/ian p4 ,! s\nd ( ! gospel _h no *>ms = ! wild1 rov+ savage4 ,b1 z report$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,obs]v]1 vol4 xiv4 page #hcj1 ,campbell says--8,9 ! colony ( ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 consid]able ef=ts h be5 made ( late1 p>ticul>ly by ,sir ,john ,cradock1 aid$ by ! zeal ( ! colonial *apla91 ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,jones1 to diffuse ! bless+s ( ,*ri/ian in/ruction1 n only among ! slaves1 b among all classes4 99 99 99 ,sev]al ( ! negroes read ! ,new ,te/am5t tol]ably well1 & repeat que/ions f ,walls's ,cate*ism3 on ! ,"l's day !y 7 well-dress$1 & att5d$ *ur*40 ,b1 page #hbi1 same vol43 8,at ,cape ,t[n1 ,mohamm$anism is mu* on ! increase4 ,! free ,mohamm$ans are /r5u\s 9 _! ef=ts to make proselytes among ! slaves10 c4 ,we h endeav\r$ to %[ t ! provid5ces ( ,god t[>ds ! ,african races 9 slav]y to ,*ri/ian nations1 t5d to _! deliv]ance f idolatry1 & to _! re/oration to an acceptable wor%ip ( ! true ,god4 ,& may we n inquire :e!r ! introduction to ?is wor%ip 0 n =etold by ! prophets8 8,?us sai? ! ,"l1 ,! lab\r ( ,egypt1 & m]*&ise ( ,e?iopia & ( ! ,sabeans1 m5 ( /ature1 %all come ov] unto !e1 & !y %all be ?9e3 !y %all come aft] !e2 9 *a9s !y %all come ov]1 & !y %all fall d[n unto !e1 !y %all make supplication unto !e1 say+1 ,surely1 ,god is 9 !e2 & !re is none else1 !re is no ,god0 beside4 ,isa4 xlv4 #ad4 8,f beyond ! riv]s ( ,e?iopia1 my suppliants1 ev5 ! daught]s ( my disp]s$1 %all br+ m9e (f]+40 8,i w also leave 9 ! mid/ ( !e an afflict$ & poor p1 & !y %all tru/ 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l40 ,zeph4 iii4 #aj1 #ab4 ,! progress ( ! ,*ri/ian religion among ! slaves ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is kn[n to ! _w1 & ne$s no m5tion "h4 ,no su* acc\nts h ev] come f ! ,african tribes at any p]iod ( "t4 ,^! indications ( ! provid5ce ( ,god seem to %[ t he smiles ^u ! in/itution ( ,african slav]y 9 all ,*ri/ian l&s1 & 8t its t5d5cies are to elevate ! black man1 & make him m intellig5t & happy ?an he w\ld be 9 8 own l&1 & t x has a b5evol5t be>+ on ! welf>e ( ! slave 9 ?is _w & ! _w to come40 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xvi4 ,our limits w n p]mit an ext5d$ accumulation ( ! te/imony %[+ ! deg5]ate condition ( ! ,african hordes1 nor ( ^? facts %[+ ! ameliorat+ effect ( ,am]ican slav]y ^u t race ( mank9d4 ,a l>ge volume w\ld n conta9 m ?an an ab/ract4 ,?is effect is obvi\s to any "o acqua9t$ ) ! race2 :ile ! deep degradation ( ! races f :i* !y h desc5d$ has caus$ "s philosoph]s to adopt ! op9ion t !y are n ( a common orig9 ) ! :ite races ( ! e>?4 ,b we pres5t ! doctr9e t s9--t any want ( con=mity to ! laws ( ,god t\*+ our heal? & happ9ess1 our physical & m5tal improvem5t & condition1 has a direct t5d5cy to det]iorate ! animal man1 & t a g5]al ab&onm5t & disreg>d ( su* laws1 ?r\gh a long s]ies ( g5]ations1 w be suffici5t to acc\nt = ! l[e/ degradation f\nd to exi/4 ,we believe !re is tru? 9 ! say+1 8,! fa!rs h eat5 s\r grapes1 & ! *ildr5's tee? are set on edge20 t1 :5 ! prog5itors = a s]ies ( ages manife/ "s p>ticul> quality or t5d5cy ( action1 ! same may be f\nd1 ev5 9 an increas$ degree1 9 _! desc5dants2 & t ?is pr9ciple holds true to "s ext5t ?r\gh ! :ole animal _w4 ,fur!r1 t su* progressive t5d5cy to "s p>ticul> m5tal or physical condition may be obviat$1 & its action rev]s$1 by a suffici5t controll+ influ5ce or =ce4 ,& if x %all be f\nd t !re may be tru? 9 ?is position1 we might submit ! inquiry3 ,if ,god 9 8 wisdom =esaw t ! family ( ,jacob w\ld become s degrad$1 9 "o g5]ation1 t x w\ld require ! c\nt]act+ influ5ce ( f\r hundr$ ye>s ( slav]y to place !m 9 a condition fit to receive & enjoy ! bless+s promis$ _! fa!rs2 h[ long w x require a simil> /ate ( control to produce a l r5ovation among ! desc5dants ( ,ham1 ! degrad$ ,africans8 ,b we ?9k1 s f> z ! inquiry c int]e/ u1 x has be5 answ]$ by ,/4 ,paul3 8,let z _m s]vants 71 d\loi1 slaves7 z are "u ! yoke1 c\nt _! own ma/]s wor?y ( all hon\r1 t ! "n ( ,god & 8 doctr9e be n blasphem$4 ,& !y t h believ+ ma/]s1 let !m n despise !m because !y are bre?r52 b r d !m s]vice 71 be slaves to !m17 because !y are fai?ful & belov$ p>tak]s ( ! b5efit4 ,^! ?+s tea* & exhort4 ,if any man tea* o!rwise1 & cons5t n to :olesome words1 ev5 to ! words ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 & to ! doctr9e :i* is accord+ to godl9ess1 he is pr\d1 kn[+ no?+1 b dot+ ab\t que/ions & /rifes ( words1 :]e( come? envy1 /rife1 rail+s1 evil surmis+s1 p]v]se disput+s ( m5 ( corrupt m9ds1 & de/itute ( ! tru?1 suppos+ t ga9 is godl9ess3 f su* )draw ?yself4 ,b godl9ess1 ) cont5tm5t1 is great ga91 = we br\ght no?+ into ?is _w1 & x is c]ta9 t we c c>ry no?+ out2 & hav+ food & raim5t1 let u be !re) cont5t4 ,b !y t w be ri* fall into temptation & a sn>e1 & into _m fooli% & hurtful lu/s1 :i* dr[n m5 9 de/ruction & p]dition4 ,= ! love ( money is ! root ( all evil2 :i* :ile "s covet aft]1 !y h err$ f ! fai?1 & pi]c$ !mselves ?r\gh ) _m sorr[s4 ,b ?\1 ,o man ( ,god6 flee ^! ?+s2 & foll[ aft] righte\sness1 godl9ess1 fai?1 love1 pati5ce1 meekness4 ,fight ! good fight ( fai?2 lay hold on et]nal life1 :]eunto ?\ art also call$1 & ha/ pr(ess$ a good pr(ession be=e _m witnesses4 ,i give !e *>ge1 9 ! sight ( ,god :o quick5e? all ?+s1 & be=e ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o be=e ,pontius ,pilate witness$ a good confession1 t ?\ keep ?is comm&m5t 71 an ord]1 a comm&1 a precept1 a *>ge1 injunction7 )\t spot 71 free f /a91 spotless1 faultless71 unrebukable 71 ( :om no hold c be tak51 n to be attack$1 irrepreh5sible71 until ! appe>+ ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/40 #a ,tim4 vi4 #a-ad4 ,?us ,/4 ,paul has told u h[ long ?is doctr9e %all be taught2 t x %all be taught free f any alt]ation1 *ange2 free f any /a91 pure & spotless2 & t 8 mann] ( tea*+ x %all be pla91 simple1 op51 & bold2 s t !re c\ld be no hold tak5 ( him2 & ! doctr9es1 in/ructions1 c\nsels & comm&s "h giv5 7 to be s taught1 until ! com+ ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,b ,mr4 ,b>nes says1 page #aid-- 8,if we may draw an inf]5ce also f ?is case1 7! ,hebrews 9 ,egypt17 9 reg>d to ! mann] 9 :i* ,god w\ld h su* a p 7slaves 9 ,am]ica7 re/or$ to fre$om1 x w\ld be 9 fav\r ( imm$iate emancipation40 ,god himself s5t5c$ ! ,hebrews to slav]y = f\r hundr$ ye>s4 8,& :5 ! sun 0 go+ d[n1 a deep sleep fell ^u ,abram2 & lo1 a horror ( great d>kness fell ^u him4 ,& he said unto ,abram1 ,"k ( a surety t ?y se$ %all be a /rang] 9 a l& t is n !irs1 & %all s]ve 7 va badum1 %all be slaves to1 or %all slave !mselves to7 !m1 & !y %all afflict !m f\r hundr$ ye>s40 ,g54 xv4 #ab1 #ac4 ,at ! expiration ( :i* "t he deliv]$ !m f x4 ,an in/ance drawn f _! case c be legitimately appli$ only to "o :]e ! t]m ( s]vitude has be5 det]m9$4 ,god made no attempt to lib]ate ! ,hebrews until ! expiration ( ! t]m allott$ !m = s]vitude4 ,mr4 ,b>nes evid5tly applies 8 inf]5ce to ! abolition ( ! in/itution g5]ally1 & ?us places himself 9 opposition to ,/4 ,paul4 ,b our m9d has come to ! decision t ! apo/le is ! high] au?ority4 ,& ! inquiry is also left ^u ! m9d1 :e!r1 9 ! matt] ( 8 :ole book1 ,mr4 ,b>nes has n 8run be=e he 0 s5t20 :]eby he may h subject$ himself to ! mortification ( aga9 see+1 9 8 own case1 ! c\nsels ( ,a*itophel turn$ into fooli%ness4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xvii4 ,mr4 ,b>nes has quot$ "s few passages ( ,scripture to :i* he applies a mean+ we deem errone\s2 b we atta* no blame to him on ?is acc\nt2 because our ,engli% v]sion itself1 ( ! passages ref]r$ to1 has a t5d5cy to lead to an inadequate conception ( ! idea convey$ by ! orig9al4 ,! doctor says1 page #abh--8,t ev5 ! s]vant t 0 b\ght 0 to h comp5sation = 8 lab\r2 & !re are "s g5]al pr9ciples laid d[n1 :i*1 if appli$1 w\ld lead to t3 ?us1 ,j]4 xxii4 #ac1 ',wo unto him t builde? 8 h\se by unrighte\sness1 & 8 *amb]s by wrong2 t uses 8 neighb\r's s]vice )\t wages1 & give? him n = 8 "w4'0 ,he quotes ?is same passage = ! same purpose1 pp4 #cec & #cfj1 & seems to reg>d x z a secure pill>1 & on :i* he f\nds 8 doctr9es4 ,! words1 8t use? 8 neighb\r's s]vice )\t wages1 & give? him n = 8 "w10 are translat$ f ,! passage admits ( two additional read+s1 ?us3 ,:o %all judge = a neighb\r z to 8 slave undes]v$ly no wages1 no gifts2 or1 ,:o %all h adjudg$ z to 8 neighb\r t he %all slave himself1 undes]v$ly or gratuit\sly1 )\t wages or rew>d4 ,! mean+ is3 ,:o %all corruptly judge t 8 neighb\r %all n receive wages or comp5sation = ! s]vices ( 8 slave2 or1 t ! neighb\r himself %all s slave himself to ano!r )\t wages or comp5sation4 ,! ^w a slave is (t5 us$ z a v]b1 to express su* action z w\ld be t ( a slave4 ,on page #fg1 ,mr4 ,b>nes says--8,! ^w1 1 &rapodi/s1 occurs once1 #a ,tim4 i4 #aj1 ) ! mo/ m>k$ disapprobation ( ! ?+ d5ot$ by x4 #8,! law is made = murd]]s ( fa!rs1 murd]]s ( mo!rs1 = manslay]s1 = :oremong]s1 = man-/eal]s1 = li>s1' c40 ,! tru? is1 t ! ^w 1 d\los1 is ! peculi> ^w to d5ote slav]y1 & is s us$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t & ev]y:]e else2 b ?is ^w also means slave1 c41 & is nev] us$ disconnect$ f ! idea ( slav]y1 b c>ries ) x ! idea ( "s *ange1 z to place1 condition1 possession1 or own]%ip4 ,we %all notice h[ "s m5 are /riv+ to *ange ! ,greek1 z to ! mean+ ( ! ^w 1 d\los1 because1 unless !y d s1 ! ,new ,te/am5t is /rongly aga9/ !m4 ,h[ev]1 ( ! ^w us$ 9 #a ,tim4 i4 #aj1 1 &rapodi/ais1 x is true1 t x is us$ 8) ! mo/ m>k$ disapprobation ( ! ?+ d5ot$ by x20 & x is j z true t ! ?+ d5ot$ by x is ! /eal+ & entic+ away o!r m5's slaves6 ,slave-/eal]s is its only & legitimate mean+ 9 ! place us$4 ,_h ,/4 ,paul int5d$ to express ! idea1 m5-/eal]s1 he w\ld h us$ ! ^w 1 an?ropokleptais2 :i* w\ld h express$ ! v ?+ want$ by ,mr4 ,b>nes4 ,we %all exam9e ^! words 9 ano!r portion ( our /udy4 ,b ,mr4 ,b>nes does n appe> to be aw>e :y x 0 t ,/4 ,paul in/ruct$ ,timo?y t ! law 0 made = slave-/eal]s3 = ^: b5efit we w expla92 & by :i* explanation he w le>n t ! abolitioni/s comm5c$ _! lab\rs dur+ ! days ( ! apo/les4 ,f "s ( ! relations ( ,*ri/ianity1 n well und]/ood by ! ,g5tile *ur*es1 ! idea 0 ent]ta9$ by "s t ! op]ation ( ,*ri/ianity aboli%$ ! bonds ( matrimony betwe5 a believ+ & an unbeliev+ p>ty2 t x aboli%$ ! au?ority ( an unbeliev+ p>5t ov] a believ+ *ild2 t x aboli%$ slav]y 9 case ! slave 0 conv]t$ to ! fai?1 & especially if ! ma/] belong$ to ! h\sehold ( ,god4 ,on ^! subjects & o!rs1 ! ,cor9?ian *ur* address$ ,/4 ,paul = in/ruction & advice4 ,x is to be regrett$ t _! lett] has n come d[n to u2 b1 we c ga!r :at x conta9$1 f ! answ] ( ,/4 ,paul3 8,n[ conc]n+ ! ?+s :]e( ye wrote unto me40 #a ,cor4 vii4 #a4 ,t\*+ ! subject be=e u1 see 8 answ] 9 ! #bj? to ! #be? v]se2 & ! same subject cont9u$ 9 ,eph4 vi4 #e-aj2 also ,col4 iii4 #bb-be2 he f\nd x necess>y to in/ruct ,titus on ?is subject3 see ,tit4 ii4 #i-ae1 &1 f9ally1 z 9 ! passage be=e u1 & also vi4 #a-ae4 ,/4 ,pet] also f\nd x necess>y to correct ! errors ( ^! abolitioni/s1 & to give !m in/ruction on ?is subject4 #a ,pet4 ii4 #ah-be4 ,_h ,/4 ,paul reg>d$ slav]y z an evil1 he c]ta9ly _h no excuse = n d5\nc+ x4 ,nor d we "k ( any ( ! e>ly fa!rs ( ! *ur* t did s4 ,/4 ,ignatius1 9 8 second epi/le to ,polyc>p1 says--8,ov]look n ! m5 & maid s]vants4 ,let !m be ! m subject to ! glory ( ,god1 t !y may obta9 f him a bett] lib]ty4 ,let !m n desire to be set free at public co/1 t !y be n slaves to _! own lu/s40 ,see also1 ,g5]al ,epi/le ( ,b>nabas1 xiv4 #ae3 8,?\ %alt n be bitt] 9 ?y comm&s t[>ds any ( ?y s]vants t tru/ 9 ,god1 le/ ?\ *ance n to fe> him :o is ov] bo?2 because he came n to call any ) respect to p]sons1 b :omsoev] ! ,_s prep>$40 ,su* is ! con/ruction ( ! human m9d1 & ( human language1 t :5ev] a ?+ is made a subject ( rem>k1 or m]ely br\ght to m9d1 x1 ( necessity1 mu/ be s1 9 "o ( ?ree positions3 ei!r a ?+ to be comm5d$2 to be repreh5d$2 or z a ?+ ( total indiff]5ce4 ,a gl>+ s9 & gross evil c\ld n h be5 a ?+ ( indiff]5ce to ,jesus ,*ri/ & 8 apo/les4 ,!y1 !re=e1 _c be suppos$ to h act$ hone/ly 9 n condemn+ a s91 :5 by !m m5tion$1 or br\ght to m9d4 ,x is a supposition too gross = refutation6 ,b x is conc$$ by ,mr4 ,b>nes1 page #bfj1 t 8! apo/les did n op5ly d5\nce slav]y z an evil1 or require t ^? :o 7 held 9 bondage %\ld be at once emancipat$4 99 99 99 ,^! ?+s seem to me to lie on ! face ( ! ,new ,te/am5t2 & :atev] argum5t !y may furni% to ! advocates ( slav]y 9 dispos+ ( ^! facts1 x seems pla9 t ! facts !mselves _c be d5i$40 ,! facts1 !n1 mu/ /& 9 comm5dation & approval4 ,!y _c be got rid ( by argu+ ev] s +5i\sly1 t ,jesus ,*ri/ & 8 apo/les 7 cunn+2 t !y act$ ) prud5ce2 t !y dext]\sly taught x to be an evil by implication2 or t !y act$ ) deep-seat$ & f>-rea*+ exp$i5cy2 nor by any o!r subt]fuge by :i* ! enemies ( ,god are /riv+ to m\ld 8 ess5ce & "* into an idol to suit !mselves4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xviii4 8,if1 h[ev]1 x %\ld be conc$$ t ?is passage 7,lev4 xxv4 #de1 #df7 means t ! hea!n might be subject$ to p]petual bondage1 & t ! int5tion 0 n t !y %\ld be releas$ 9 ! ye> ( jubilee1 /ill x w n foll[ t ?is is a ju/ification ( p]petual slav]y z x exi/s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,=1 ev5 on t supposition1 ! concession 0 "o made to !m1 n to any o!r p40 ,b>nes1 p4 #aef4 ,?is is n ! fir/ "t ! abolitioni/s h pres5t$ ?is proposition1 & seem to deem x insurm\ntable4 ,!re=e1 x may m]it a few words ( inquiry4 ,is x cont5d$ t ,god ev] grants or d5ies1 or1 9 o!r words1 acts1 except 9 con=mity ) "s univ]sal rule or law ( 8 provid5ce & gov]nm5t8 ,=1 to suppose o!rwise1 mu/ involve ! consid]ation ( an inf]ior & caprici\s be+4 ,if ,god1 on any occasion1 p]mitt$ slav]y1 !n x is d$ucible f ! un*angeabl5ess ( ,god & 8 laws1 t he always p]mits x1 :5 all ! circum/ances & conditions %all be f\nd to exi/ z !y 7 :5 he did s p]mit x4 ,! ,jews1 z a nation1 7 ,god's p2 8 wor%ipp]s1 8 *ur*4 8,& ye %all be unto me a k+dom ( prie/s1 & a holy nation40 ,exod4 xix4 #f4 8,= ?\ art a holy p unto ! ,"l ?y ,god3 ,! ,"l ?y ,god ha? *os5 !e to be a special p unto himself1 above all p t are ^u ! face ( ! e>?40 ,deut4 vii4 #f4 ,b1 9 ! ord] ( ,god's provid5ce1 o!r p 7 to be ! recipi5ts ( ! grace ( ,god also3 8,& x %all come to pass 9 ! la/ days1 t ! m\nta9 ( ! ,"l's h\se %all be e/abli%$ 9 ! top ( ! m\nta9s1 & %all be exalt$ above ! hills3 all nations %all fl[ unto x40 ,isa4 ii4 #b4 8,s+ & rejoice1 ,o daught] ( ,zion2 = lo1 ,i come1 & ,i w dwell 9 ! mid/ ( !e1 sai? ! ,"l4 ,& _m nations %all be jo9$ to ! ,"l 9 t day1 & %all be my p40 ,ze*4 ii4 #aj1 #aa4 ,?is is 9 /rict con=mity ) ! promise ( ,jehovah to ,isaac3 8,& 9 ?y se$ %all all ! nations ( ! e>? be bless$40 ,g54 xxvi4 #d4 ,! "t ( ?is great enl>gem5t ( ! *ur* ( ,god 0 ! adv5t ( ! ,savi\r4 ,! ,*ri/ian *ur* succe$$ z heirs ( all ! promises1 b5efits1 & free grace ( ! anci5t *ur* & p ( ,god2--9 fact1 became heirs ( ,abraham2--8,& ! fa!r ( circumcision to !m1 :o are n ( ! circumcision only1 b :o walk 9 ! /eps ( t fai? ( our fa!r ,abraham1 :i* he _h be+ yet uncircumcis$4 ,= ! promise t he %\ld be ! heir ( ! _w 0 n to ,abraham1 or to 8 se$ ?r\gh ! law1 b ?r\gh ! righte\sness ( fai?40 99 99 99 8,!re=e x is ( fai?1 t x might be by grace2 to ! end ! promise might be sure to all ! se$2 n to t only :i* is ( ! law1 b to t also :i* is ( ! fai? ( ,abraham1 :o is ! fa!r ( u all1 7z x is writt51 ,i h made !e ! fa!r ( _m nations17 be=e him :om he believ$1 ev5 ,god1 :o quick5e? ! dead1 & calle? ^? ?+s :i* be n1 z ?\gh !y 740 ,romans iv4 #aa1 #ab1 #af1 #ag4 8,!re=e rememb]1 t ye be+ 9 times pa/ ,g5tiles 9 ! fle%1 :o are call$ uncircumcision by t :i* is call$ ! circumcision 9 ! fle% made by h&s2 8,t at t "t ye 7 )\t ,*ri/1 be+ ali5s f ! commonweal? ( ,israel1 & /rang]s f ! cov5ant ( promise1 hav+ no hope1 & )\t ,god 9 ! _w4 8,b n[ 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 ye :o sometime 7 af> (f1 are made nigh by ! blood ( ,*ri/2 = he is our peace1 :o ha? made bo? "o2 & ha? brok5 d[n ! middle wall ( p>tition betwe5 u40 ,eph4 ii4 #aa1 #ab1 #ac1 #ad4 8,"k ye1 !re=e1 t !y :i* are ( fai?1 ! same are *ildr5 ( ,abraham4 ,& ! scripture =esee+ t ,god w\ld ju/ify ! hea!n by fai?1 prea*$ be=e ! gospel to ,abraham1 say+1 ,9 !e %all all nations be bless$40 ,gal4 iii4 #g1 #h4 ,& :]e=e ,pet] v prop]ly describes ! ,g5tile *ur* ( ,*ri/ by simil> language appli$ to ! ,jews1 ! *os5 p ( ,god to :om ! promises ( ! law 7 made3 8,b ye are a *os5 g5]ation1 a royal prie/hood1 a holy nation1 a peculi> p2 t ye %\ld %[ =? ! praises ( him :o ha? call$ y out ( d>kness into 8 m>vell\s light2 :i* 9 "t pa/ 7 n a p1 b are n[ a p ( ,god2 :i* _h n obta9$ m]cy1 b h n[ obta9$ m]cy40 #a ,pet] ii4 #i1 #aj4 ,! !ological /ud5t w recollect _m m v p]t95t pro(s ( ! heir%ip ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur* to ! *os5 p ( ,god4 8,?9k n ,i am come to de/roy ! law1 or ! prophets2 ,i come n to de/roy ! law1 b to fulfil40 ,matt4 v4 #ag4 ,s f> !n z ! ,g5tile nations h become ,*ri/ianiz$1 h become ! foll[]s ( ,*ri/1 s f> !y h1 ?r\gh fai?1 become ! peculi> p ( ,god1 & heirs & *ildr5 ( ,abraham2 &1 z heirs1 succe$$ to all ?+s result+ f ! provid5ce & grace ( ,god to 8 peculi> p4 ,! broad & univ]sal pr9ciple conc]n+ slav]y is1 t a want ( k ( ! true ,god1 a want ( con=mity to 8 law1 h a con/antly det]iorat+ effect1 :]eas1 on ! contr>y1 a k ( ,jehovah & a conduct 9 con=mity to 8 law1 7s9ce ! fall5 /ate ( man r5d]s him unable to comply ) ! law7 ! application ( ,god's grace1 & free =giv5ess ?r\gh fai? & rep5tance1 %all h ! r$eem+ effect ( a full compliance ) ! law4 ,z ! "o position is det]iorat+1 =c+ z x 7 d[nw>d to de/ruction & dea?1--! o!r is z con/antly elevat+ t[>ds all p]fection & life et]nal4 ,?us ! m]cy ( ,god is manife/$ to ! degrad$ & hea!n nations1 by sub/antially plac+ !m "u a protection & guidance1 :i*1 h[ev] sl[ may be ! progress1 mu/ ( necessity h an elevat+ influ5ce on ?\s&s1 9 proportion z !y1 ) he>t-felt will+ness1 yield !mselves to x4 8,oh1 t m5 w\ld praise ! ,"l = 8 goodness1 & = 8 wond]ful works to ! *ildr5 ( m56 ,= he satisfie? ! long+ s\l1 & fille? ! hungry s\l ) goodness4 ,su* z sit 9 d>kness & ! %ad[ ( dea?1 be+ b\nd 9 affliction & iron2 because !y rebell$ aga9/ ! words ( ,god1 & contemn$ ! c\nsels ( ! ,mo/ ,high3 !re=e1 he br\ght d[n _! he>t ) lab\r2 !y fell d[n1 !re 0 none to help4 ,!n !y cri$ unto ! ,"l 9 _! tr\ble1 & he rais$ !m out ( _! di/resses4 ,he br\ght !m out ( d>kness & ! %ad[ ( dea?1 & brake _! b&s 9 sund]4 ,oh1 t m5 w\ld praise ! ,"l = 8 goodness1 & = 8 wond]ful works to ! *ildr5 ( m540 ,psa4 cvii4 #h-ae4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 conclusion1 we may rem>k1 t "u ?is view ( ! law1 ! ann\ncem5ts ( holy writ1 s f> z !y reg>d ! subject "u consid]ation1 are z applicable to ! ,*ri/ian p ( ! pres5t day z !y at any "t 7 to ! ,hebrews !mselves4 8,?us sai? ! ,"l1 ,! lab\r ( ,egypt1 & m]*&ise ( ,e?iopia1 & ( ! ,sabeans1 m5 ( /ature1 %all come ov] unto !e1 & !y %all be ?9e3 !y %all come aft] !e2 9 *a9s !y %all come ov]1 & !y %all fall d[n unto !e1 !y %all make supplication unto !e1 say+1 ,surely ,god is 9 !e2 & !re is none else1 !re is no ,god0 beside4 ,isa4 xlv4 #ad4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xix4 ,mr4 ,b>nes has ref]r$ to ,vatalbus1 ,rabbi ,solomon1 ,ab5ezra ,joh4 ,casp4 ,migius1 ,con/itutiones ,s]vi ,hebri1 ,ugol91 ,maimonides1 ,mi*aelis1 ,john's ,ar*ology1 ,seld5 de ,uxore ,hebraica1 & "s o!r books :i* are n at h&1 9 support ( 8 doctr9e1 & ! po9ts on :i* he pr$icates x4 ,we did n d\bt ! accuracy ( ^! ref]5ces & quotations2 b1 page #adi1 we f9d ! foll[+ 9 8 book3 8,x w\ld appe> f ,josephus1 t on ! ye> ( jubilee all slaves 7 set at lib]ty20 & he ref]s to 8,antiquities10 vol4 ii4 *ap4 xii4 sec4 #c1 :i*1 s f> z x ref]s to slav]y1 reads ?us3 8,accord+ly ,i enjo9 !e to make no m delays1 b to make ha/e to ,egypt1 & to travel night & day1 & n to draw out ! "t1 & to make ! slav]y ( ! ,hebrews & _! suff]+s to la/ ! long]40 ,we d n see h[ ! passage w>rants ! ass]tion ( ,mr4 ,b>nes1 & appreh5d$ "s mi/ake1 su* z a "y lawy]1 will+ to appe> v le>n$1 might make1 by affix+ to 8 brief a long li/ ( au?orities1 m]ely f an exam9ation ( 8 index4 ,b ! s5t5ce "h quot$ f ,mr4 ,b>nes1 conta9+ ! proposition t ,josephus said1 9 8 ,antiquities1 vol4 ii4 *ap4 xii sec4 #c1 t all slaves 7 set at lib]ty 9 ! ye> ( jubilee1 is consecutively foll[$ 9 8 book1 ?us3 8,! fiftie? ye> is call$ by ! ,hebrews ! jubilee1 :]e9 debtors are fre$ f _! debts1 & slaves are set at lib]ty40 ,& ?is s5t5ce is m>k$ z quot$ f ,josephus1 & z ?\gh x 0 ! exact passage to be f\nd 9 ! place j be=e ref]r$ to4 ,! fact is1 ?is s5t5ce is ne>ly a "p ( :at may be f\nd 9 book iii4 *ap4 xii4 sec4 #c ( ,antiquities1 ?us3 8,& t fiftie? ye> is call$ by ! ,hebrews ! jubilee :]e9 debtors are fre$ f _! debts1 & slaves are set at lib]ty2 :i* slaves became su*1 ?\gh !y 7 ( ! same /ock1 by transgress+ "s ( ^? laws ^: puni%m5t 0 n capital1 b !y 7 puni%$ by ?is me?od ( slav]y40 ,suppose ! mi/ake to be 9 ! numb] ( ! book1 /ill1 does ! passage1 z fully quot$1 give any au?ority = ! ass]tion ( ,mr4 ,b>nes8 ,?us ! m9d is l$ to inquire :at cr$it is to be giv5 to ^! ref]5ces8 ,b we ha/5 to give a few extracts illu/rative ( ,mr4 ,b>nes's ?\ght & argum5t4 ,he says1 p4 #abf-- 8,consid]+ ! univ]sal preval5ce ( slav]y :5 ! gospel 0 prea*$1 x is n probable t any consid]able numb] w\ld be f\nd1 :o 7 ma/]s & s]vants 9 ! s5se ( a volunt>y s]vitude on ! "p ( ! latt]40 ,he says-- ,page #bgc3 8,! p]man5cy ( ! in/itution 7slav]y7 c d]ive no support f :at !y 7! apo/les7 said on ! subject1 & 9 no mann] dep5ds on x40 ,page #cjj3 8,x is only ! antagoni/ic fanaticism ( a fragm5t ( ! ,s\?1 :i* ma9ta9s ! doctr9e t slav]y is1 9 itself1 a good ?+1 & ought to be p]petuat$4 ,x _c by possibility be p]petuat$40 ,page #cja3 8,! ,s\?1 !re=e1 has to *oose betwe5 emancipation1 by ! sil5t & holy influ5ce ( ! gospel1 secur+ ! elevation ( ! slaves to ! /ature & "* ( freem51 or to abide ! issue ( a long cont9u$ conflict aga9/ ! laws ( ,god40 ,page #cjf3 8,& if a ,*ri/ian ma/] at ! pres5t "t 99 99 99 %\ld be tr\bl$ 9 8 consci5ce 9 reg>d to 8 "r to hold slaves1 !re is no "p ( ! apo/olic writ+s to :i* he c\ld turn to allay 8 feel+s or calm 8 scruples40 ,page #caa3 8,n[ ?is und5iable fact1 t ! "r ( ! ma/] ov] ! p]son & s]vices ( ! slave1 is nev] recognis$ at all 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t40 ,page #cab3 8,:atev] di/9ction ( complexion !re may be1 x is ! doctr9e ( ! ,bible t all belong to "o & ! same great family1 & t1 9 ! mo/ important matt]s p]ta9+ to _! exi/5ce1 !y are on a level40 ,page #cae3 8,up to ! "t :5 its tru?s 7! gospel's7 7 made kn[n1 ! great mass ( mank9d _h no scruples ab\t its propriety2 !y reg>d$ "o portion ( ! race z inf]ior to ! o!r1 & z born to be slaves4 ,*ri/ianity disclos$ ! great tru? t all m5 7 on a level2 t all 7 equal40 ,page #cag3 8,if a man %\ld 9 fact r5d] to 8 slaves #8t :i* is j & equal2' w\ld he n re/ore !m to fre$om8 ,w\ld any ?+ %ort ( ?is be all t is j & equal80 ,page #cbb3 8,no man has a "r to assume t :5 ! ^w 1 d\los1 occurs 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 x means a slave40 ,page #cca3 8,no argum5t 9 fav\r ( slav]y c be d]iv$ f ! injunctions address$ by ! apo/les to ! slaves !mselves40 ,page #cdj3 8,f ! argum5ts ?us f> pres5t$ 9 reg>d to ! relations ( ,*ri/ianity to slav]y1 x seems fair to draw ! conclusion1 t ! ,*ri/ian religion l5ds no sanction to slav]y40 ,page #cda3 8,! ,savi\r & 8 apo/les inculcat$ su* views ( man z am\nt to a prohibition ( slav]y40 ,page #cde3 8,he 7,jesus ,*ri/7 0 n a ,jew1 except by ! accid5t ( 8 bir?1 b he 0 a man2 9 8 human =m !re 0 z di/9ct a relation to ! ,african 99 99 99 z !re 0 to ! ,caucasian40 ,we h und]/ood t "o popul> cl]gyman at ! ,nor? 7an abolitioni/7 has gone s f> z to say t ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 a negro6 ,to :at folly & extravagance w n wick$ness subject its slaves6 ,mr4 ,b>nes says1 page #cge--8,^! consid]ations seem to me to be conclusive pro( t ,*ri/ianity 0 n design$ to ext5d & p]petuate slav]y2 b t ! _s ( ! ,*ri/ian religion w\ld remove x f ! _w1 because x is an evil1 & displeas+ to ,god40 ,to all ( :i*1 wor?y ( answ]1 x may be well to apply ! s5tim5t :i* he attributes to ,dr4 ,full]1 t ! ,new ,te/am5t is n sil5t on ! subject ( slav]y2 t x recognises ! relation2 t x comm&s slaves to obey _! ma/]s1 & gives reasons :y !y %\ld d s4 ,& x may be /eadily affirm$1 if slav]y be a s91 t su* comm&s & c\nsels are n only a suppressio v]i1 b a sugge/io falsi2 n only a suppression ( ! tru?1 b a sugge/ion ( :at is false6 99 99 99 99 99 ,if x %all be said t ,god m]ely sanction$ or p]mitt$ slav]y 9 ! "t ( ! patri>*s1 :o w say t he did n enjo9 x 9 ! "t ( ,moses8 ,a repeal ( ?is injunction dem&$ a c\nt]vail+ revelation ( no equivocal "*1 cle> & decid$1 )\t ! admission ( a d\bt4 8,& ,god spake unto ,moses 9 ,m\nt ,s9ai1 say+1 99 99 99 ,b ?y bond-m5 & bond-maids :i* ?\ %alt h1 %all be ( ! hea!n t are r\nd ab\t y2 ( !m %all ye buy bond-m5 & bond-maids4 ,moreov]1 ( ! *ildr5 ( ! /rang]s t d soj\rn among y1 ( !m %all ye buy & ( _! families1 :i* !y beget 9 y\r l&2 & !y %all be y\r possession4 ,& ye %all take !m z an inh]itance1 = y\r *ildr5 aft] y1 to inh]it !m = a possession3 !y %all be y\r bond-m5 = ev]40 ,lev4 xxv4 #a1 #dd1 #de1 #df4 ,mr4 ,b>nes has adduc$ no pro( t ?is law 0 ev] repeal$2 nor d ! holy books conta9 any evid5ce ( su* repeal2 yet he has d5i$ ! exi/5ce ( slav]y 9 ,judea1 at ! "t ( ! adv5t ( ! ,savi\r4 ,see pp4 #bbh1 #bdb1 #bdd1 & #bdi1 be=e quot$1 &1 we tru/1 suffici5tly refut$4 ,b we n[ add1 t at ! "t ,jesus ,*ri/ & 8 apo/les 7 on ! e>?1 ,judea 0 a prov9ce ( ,rome4 ,n[1 s9ce x 0 cle> t slav]y 0 inculcat$ by ! ,hebrew laws1 unless x 0 =bidd5 by ! ,roman1 we c\ld n come to ! conclusion t slav]y did n exi/ 9 ,judea at _! "t1 ev5 if ,jesus ,*ri/ & 8 apo/les _h nev] allud$ to x4 ,b1--see ,matt4 xxvi4 #ea3 8,behold1 "o ( !m :i* 7 ) ,jesus /ret*$ out 8 h& & drew 8 sword & /ruck ! s]vant 71 d\lon1 slave7 ( ! high-prie/10 !n "s suitable b diff]5t ^w w\ld h be5 us$1 z 9 ! foll[+3 8,& ! s]vants 71 d\loi1 slaves7 & (fic]s 71 hupretai1 att5dants1 p]sons :o aid1 assi/ants7 /ood !re10 ,john xviii4 #ah2 prov+ ! fact t bo? slaves & o!r att5dants 7 pres5t1 & t ! slave 0 nam$ di/9ctly f su* o!r att5dants4 ,!re c be no d\bt ab\t ^! facts2 & 9 pro( t slav]y 0 n =bidd5 by ! ,roman laws1 we quote f ,mr4 ,b>nes1 page #bea3 8,9 ,italy1 x 0 comput$ t !re 7 ?ree slaves to "o freeman2 & 9 ?is "p ( ! empire alone1 _! numb]s am\nt$ to m ?an tw5ty millions40 ,page #beb3 99 99 99 8,! numb] ( slaves c\ld n h be5 less ?an sixty millions 9 ! ,roman ,empire1 at ab\t ! "t ! apo/les w5t =? to prea* ! gospel40 ,page #bed3 99 99 99 8,! foll[+ places are m5tion$1 ei!r z emporia = slaves or c\ntries f :i* !y 7 procur$3 ,delos1 ,phrygia1 & ,cappadocia1 ,panticapum1 ,diascurias1 & ,phanagoria on ! ,eux9e or ,black ,sea2 ,alex&ria & ,cadiz2 ,corsica1 ,s>d9ia1 & ,brita92 ,africa & ,?race40 ,& does x a/oni% u t 9 ^! d>k ages ( human degradation1 ,brita9 help$ to supply ,rome ) slaves8 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t conque/ gave ! "r 9 anci5t days to enslave all b>b>\s & deeply degrad$ nations2 & x might be inquir$ :e!r su* pr9ciple 0 n allud$ to by ! prophet3 8,%all ! prey be tak5 f ! mighty1 or ! lawful captive deliv]$40 ,isa4 xlix4 #bd4 ,hi/ory w in=m u t all ^! nations 7 ( ! l[e/ ord]4 ,/4 ,j]ome1 9 8 writ+s aga9/ ,jov9ian1 in=ms u :at 7 ! morals ( ,brita94 ,he says--8,:y %\ld ,i ref] to o!r nations1 :5 ,i myself1 :5 a y\? 9 ,gaul1 h se5 ! ,atticotti1 a ,briti% tribe1 eat+ human fle%8 ,%\ld !y f9d %eph]ds t5d+ _! h]ds ( sw9e or cattle1 & flocks ( %eep 9 ! woods1 !y are wont to cut (f ! fle%y p>ts ( ! m51 & ! brea/s ( ! wom51 :i* are e/eem$ ! mo/ delici\s food40 ,:o !n is to say t ,brita9 is n n[ indebt$ = h] high /ate ( intellectual improvem5t to ! pike1 bludgeon1 & sword ( ! ,roman1 ,dane1 ,saxon1 & ,norman8 ,& c we say t ! h& ( ,god 0 n 9 ?is8 ,! same provid5ces & pr9ciples t h ev] appli$ to degrad$ ,africa apply to all degrad$ nations1 & ev5 to individual m54 8,:osoev] committe? s9 is ! s]vant 71 d\los1 slave7 ( s940 ,& x may be said t nations & individuals ?us enslave !mselves4 8,behold1 = y\r iniquities ye h sold y\rselves40 ,isa4 l4 #a4 ,^! pr9ciples may be se5 e day op]at+ among ! mo/ degrad$ ( ev5 ! mo/ enlight5$ nations4 ,! hi/ory ( ! pres5t day in=ms u ( ! deep degradation ( ! ,african tribes2 & t ev5 9 _! own c\ntry ! great mass are slaves4 ,consi/5tly ) ! laws ( ,god1 !y c\ld n be o!rwise2 & ev5 slav]y among !mselves1 subject to sacrifice & dea? z we h se5 x1 is yet bett] = !m ?an a /ate ( fre$om4 ,we h se5 h[ ! free hordes roam l ! brutes1 mak+ t place home :]e night ov]took !m4 ,suppose su* to be cannibals1 ( :i* we h pro(1 x might s happ51 t1 9 "o day1 "o half ( _! numb] w\ld be de/roy$ by !mselves4 ,!re=e1 z di/ress+ z slav]y mu/ be among !m1 yet x is f> pref]able to _! deject$ condition ( fre$om4 ,we "k ( no "o :o pret5ds to believe t ! masses ( ! ,african tribes h increas$ 9 numb] s9ce ! comm5cem5t ( our era2 :]eas1 a few scatt]+ individuals1 br\ght into slav]y1 )9 ! la/ few g5]ations1 9 ^! ,/ates1 h increas$ to ne> f\r millions2 ne>ly "o-twelf? ( ! numb] ( ! entire population ( ,africa4 ,h[ev] wick$ may be ! ,*ri/ian ma/]1 h[ mu* m is slav]y to be desir$ by ! negro ?an any condition among ^! pagan hordes6 ,we1 !re=e1 d n deem x presumptu\s to say1 t s degrad$ is ! condition ( ! ,african 9 8 own l&1 t x has be5 elevat$ 9 proportion z x has be5 affect$ by ! slave-trade1 & m especially ) ,*ri/ian nations4 ,! fir/ t5d5cies t[>ds civilization1 & :atev] dawn+ ( m5tal developm5t !re may be n[ notic$ among ! ,african tribes1 are traceable alone to t s\rce4 ,& ! ,*ri/ian philosoph] might well inquire :e!r1 9 ! provid5ce ( ,god1 its exi/5ce1 f ! "t ( ,noah to ! pres5t1 has n be5 ! sav+ pr9ciple :i* has alone pres]v$ ! tribes ( ,ham f ! condition ( ,sodom & ,gomorrah1 & o!r nations long s9ce wa/$ away4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xx4 ,mr4 ,b>nes has quot$ & adopt$ ! foll[+ passage f ,presid5t ,wayl&1 page #caj3 8,if ! religion ( ,*ri/ all[s su* a lic5se 7to hold slaves7 f su* precepts z ^!1 ! ,new ,te/am5t w\ld be ! greate/ curse t ev] 0 inflict$ on our race40 ,on ! acc\nt ( ! av[al ( ,dr4 ,b>nes z to 8 race1 h]et(ore notic$1 we feel a degree ( gladness t ! above passage is n orig9al ) him3 we %\ld expect to f9d 9 him a sympa?y on ?is subject1 unpleasant to enc\nt]1 because legitimately act+ on 8 m9d4 ,a man may be a philosoph] or a ,*ri/ian1 yet ! ties ( nature1 ! sympa?ies ( k9dr$ are n abat$4 ,we are in=m$ t h]et(ore1 writt5 argum5ts 9 fav\r ( abolitionism by ,dr4 ,wayl& & aga9/ x by ,dr4 ,full]1 h be5 publi%$4 ,we h n se5 ! "w2 b are told t ! abolitioni/s claim victory = ,dr4 ,wayl&1 & t ! oppon5ts also claim x = ,dr4 ,full]2 & f ! =ego+ passage z quot$1 we conclude t ,dr4 ,wayl& f\nd himself1 at lea/1 9 /raits on ! subject4 ,if su* be ! fact1 x may acc\nt :y ! abolitioni/s ?\ght ,dr4 ,b>nes's pres5t "w necess>y4 ,b1 h[ev] ^! ?+s may be1 ! passage f ,dr4 ,wayl& is a volume ( deep in/ruction1 ann\nc+ ! feel+s & !ological consi/5cy1 we might say fanaticism1 (1 we hope1 b a few extraord9>y m51 n[ appe>+ 9 our l&2 m51 we d\bt n1 consci5ti\s 9 _! op9ion t ,god designs ! gov]nm5t ( ! _w to be 9 /rict con=mity ) human reason1 & :o _c1 !re=e1 pray 9 ! _s ( ! ,son3 8,fa!r1 if ?\ be will+1 remove ?is cup f me3 nev]!less1 n my w1 b ?9e1 be done40 ,luke xxii4 #db4 8,if any man h n ! _s ( ,*ri/1 he is none ( 840 ,rom4 viii4 #i4 ,9 ! book be=e u1 ! au?or falls into "o error1 common to e writ] on 8 side ( ! "q3 ,t slav]y is ! cause ( ! degradation ( ! ,africans & ! slaves g5]ally4 ,we ma9ta9 t ! conv]se is ! true /ate ( ! case4 ,ano!r error is ! sub/itution ( :at may be abuses ( slav]y = ! in/itution itself4 ,?is au?or1 l mo/ ( ! abolition writ]s ( :om we h any k1 ev9ces an inability to ent] into an imp>tial consid]ation ( ! subject1 f 8 deep & ov]%ad[+ prejudices aga9/ x4 ,inde$1 ! :ole "w1 f page to page1 c>ries pro( ( a previ\s det]m9ation to condemn1 n less obvi\s ?an 9 ! in/ance ( ! judge :o1 9 summ+ up a case1 said--8,x is true1 9 ?is case1 ! accus$ has prov$ himself innoc5t2 b1 s9ce a guilty man might prove himself s1 & s9ce ,i myself h always be5 ( ! op9ion t he 0 guilty1 x w be ! safe/ to condemn40 ,! /yle ( ! "w be=e u is always diffuse & declamatory1 sometimes elevat$1 b (t5 cumbr\s2 /ill 8 language be>s ! impress ( classical le>n+ & a cultivat$ m9d2 b !re is 9 ! "w a want ( concis5ess2 x ab\nds 9 contradictory positions & a frequ5t inconclusiv5ess ( d$uction1 :i* make x obnoxi\s to a *>ge ( c>elessness4 ,b may we n acc\nt = ^! defects by ! urg5t solicitude ( 8 read]s8 ,! morbid appetite ( ! ,nor!rn abolitioni/s 0 probably hungry = ! "w4 ,hav+ no wi% to oppose 8 pecuni>y views1 we refra9 f fur!r extracts1 le/ we %\ld infr+e 8 copyright4 ,nor did we at all contemplate a classical review ( ! "w4 ,! book conta9s ab\t #djj pages4 ,if x c\ld be cond5s$1 l a pot ( new-brew$ & foam+1 into potable be]1 to a f\r? ( t size1 x might well claim su* att5tion2 & f ! specim5s ( ability display$1 if x 7 prov$ t ! doctor has suff]$ 8 zeal to run ahead ( ! tru? 9 reg>d to 8 race1 we %\ld judge him fully compet5t to ! task ( su* improvem5t4 ------------------------------------ ,/udy ,,iii4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,i4 8,! ,works ( ,william ,ell]y ,*ann+1 ,d4,d410 9 six volumes4 ,t5? ,edition4 ,bo/on1 #ahdi4 ,^! volumes include essays1 s]mons1 & lectures on v>i\s subjects4 ,! /yle is easy1 fl[+1 & p]suasive2 ! language is g5]ally cle>1 (t5 elevat$1 sometimes sublime4 ,few c read ! book & n feel ! evid5ce1 :atev] may be ! error ( 8 doctr9e1 t ! au?or add$ to 8 lit]>y em95ce a purity ( int5tion4 ,su* a "w mu/ always make a deep impression on ! read]4 ,x is ?is fact t prompts ! pres5t essay4 ,x may be said ( ,*ann+ :at ,*ann+ said ( ,f5elon3 8,he ne$s to be read ) caution1 z d all :o write f _! own deeply excit$ m9ds4 ,he ne$s to be receiv$ ) d$uctions & explanations4 99 99 99 ,we fe> t ! v excell5cies ( ,f5elon may %ield 8 errors4 ,admiration prep>es ! m9d = belief2 & ! moral & religi\s s5sibility ( ! read] may lay him op5 to impressions :i*1 :ile !y leave 8 purity un/a9$1 may eng5d] causeless solicitude40 ,vol4 i4 p4 #ahe4 ,dr4 ,*ann+'s sympa?ies = e appe>ance ( human suff]+1 = e grade ( human imp]fection1 gave a peculi> phasis1 p]haps mo/ amiable to 8 intellect1 religion1 & writ+s4 ,he s\ght p]fection = himself--he 0 ard5t to behold x univ]sal4 ,heav5 mu/ = ev] be ! home ( su* a _s4 ,b ! sc5es ( e>? gave agitation & grief4 ,limit$1 9 8 e>?ly associations1 to ! habits ( ! ,nor?1 ! v purity ( 8 he>t l$ him to attack :at he deem$ ! mo/ wick$ s9 ( ! ,s\?4 ,8 politics 7 =m$ ^u ! model ( 8 m9d4 ,religion spread be=e him h] gold5 w+1 & sci5ce aid$ 9 ! elevation ( 8 view4 ,b1 ,o ?\ ,be+1 ,god ,et]nal6 :y n ?is e>? made heav58 ,:y ?y mo/ p]fect "w imp]fection8 ,:y ?y *ild1 clo!d ) hol9ess or %od ) ! gospel1 run truant to ?y law1 ?y provid5ce & gov]nm5t8 ,b1 lo1 we are n ( ?y c\ncil4 ,we 7 n call$ :5 ! f\ndations ( et]nity 7 laid4 ,we are1 truly1 all v small be+s4 ,our virtues1 ev5 purity1 may lead 9 error4 ,may n our be/ int5tions lead d[n to wo8 8,x is a fact wor?y ( s]i\s ?\ght1 & full ( solemn in/ruction1 t _m ( ! wor/ errors h gr[n out ( ! religi\s t5d5cies ( ! m9d4 ,s necess>y is x to keep wat* ov] our :ole nature1 to subject ! highe/ s5tim5ts to ! calm1 consci5ti\s reason4 ,m51 />t+ f ! idea ( ,god1 h be5 s dazzl$ by x1 z to =get or mis9t]pret ! univ]se40 ,*ann+1 vol4 i4 p4 #ad4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,ii4 ,volume ii4 page #ad1 ,dr4 ,*ann+ says-- 8#a4 ,i %all %[ t man _c be ju/ly held & us$ z prop]ty4 8#b4 ,i %all %[ t man has sacr$ rights1 ! gifts ( ,god1 & insep>able f human nature1 ( :i* slav]y is ! infraction4 8#c4 ,i %all (f] "s explanations to prev5t misapplication ( ^! pr9ciples4 8#d4 ,i %all unfold ! evils ( slav]y4 8#e4 ,i %all consid] ! argum5t :i* ! ,scriptures are ?\ght to furni% 9 fav\r ( slav]y4 8#f4 ,i %all (f] "s rem>ks on ! means ( remov+ x4 8#g4 ,i %all (f] "s rem>ks on abolitionism4 8#h4 ,i %all conclude ) a few reflections on ! duties belong+ to ! times40 ,9 support ( ! fir/ proposition1 to wit1 8,i w %[ t man _c be ju/ly held & us$ z prop]ty10 ! doctor has advanc$ sev5 argum5ts4 ,he says1 page #ah--8;,x is pla91 t1 if "o man may be held z prop]ty1 !n e o!r man may be s held40 99 99 99 8,n[ let e read] ask himself ?is pla9 "q3 ,c\ld ,i1 c ,i1 be rightfully seiz$1 & made an article ( prop]ty10 c4 ,page #ai3 8,& if ?is impression be delusion1 on :at s+le moral conviction c we rely8 99 99 99 ,! consci\sness ( inde/ructible rights is a "p ( our moral be+4 ,! consci\sness ( our humanity involves ! p]suasion t we _c be own$ z a tree or brute4 ,z m51 we _c ju/ly be made slaves4 ,!n no man c be rightfully enslav$40 ,! fir/ idea we f9d1 t\*+ prop]ty1 is 9 ,g54 i4 #bf3 8,& let !m h dom9ion ov] ! fi% ( ! sea1 & ov] ! f[l ( ! air1 & ov] ! cattle1 & ov] all ! e>?1 & ov] e creep+ ?+ t creepe? ^u ! e>?40 ,v]se #bh?3 8,& ,god bless$ !m1 & ,god said unto !m1 ,be fruitful1 & multiply1 & repl5i% ! e>? & subdue x2 & h dom9ion ov] ! fi% ( ! sea1 & ov] ! f[l ( ! air1 & ov] e liv+ ?+ t move? ^u ! e>?40 ,9 ,lev4 xxv4 #dd3 8,bo? ?y bond-m5 & bond-maids :i* ?\ %alt h %all be ( ! hea!n1 t are r\nd ab\t y3 ( !m %all ye buy bond-m5 & bond-maids40 ,v]se #de3 8,moreov] ( ! *ildr5 ( ! /rang]s t d soj\rn among y1 ( !m %all ye buy1 & ( _! families t are ) y :i* !y beget 9 y\r l&1 & !y %all be y\r possession40 ,v]se #df3 8,& ye %all take !m z an inh]itance = y\r *ildr5 aft] y1 to inh]it !m = a possession1 !y %all be y\r bondm5 = ev]40 ,& if we look at ! fir/ v]se ( ?is *apt]1 t ! =ego+ 0 ann\nc$ by ,god himself to ,moses f ,s9ai2 & f :i* x w\ld seem t ,god & ,dr4 ,*ann+ 7 ( q a diff]5t op9ion on ?is subject4 ,we "k n :at notion ,dr4 ,*ann+ may h ent]ta9$ ( 8man's inde/ructible rights40 ,b let u ask1 :at rights has he t may n be de/roy$8 ,! "r to brea?8 ,suppose1 by 8 own wantonness1 c>elessness1 or wick$ness1 he is subm]g$ 9 wat]1 :at becomes ( 8 "r to brea!1 s9ce he c no long] ex]cise x8 ,c y "n any "r t1 "u ! provid5ce ( ,god1 may n be de/roy$8 ,freem5 h rights1 b subject to alt]ation1 & ev5 ext9ction2 slaves h rights1 b subject to ! same *anges4 ,!re is no su* ?+ z an 8inde/ructible "r0 app]ta9+ to any exi/5ce1 save to ! ,great ,jehovah6 ,he mu/ be an immortal ,god :o c possess an inde/ructible "r4 ,we use ! ^w 8"r0 9 ,dr4 ,*ann+'s s5se--j claim1 legal title1 own]%ip1 ! legal p[] ( exclusive possession4 ,y ask1 has n man an inde/ructible "r to wor%ip ,god8 ,we answ]1 no6 ,man has no su* "r to wor%ip ,god2 su* "r w\ld make him a p>tn]4 ,! wor%ip ( ,god is a duty :i* man owes2 ! =be>ance ( :i* is =bidd5 by ! moral law1 by ju/ice & propriety4 ,no?+ c be =bidd5 or ord]$ t\*+ an inde/ructible "r2 = su* comm&1 if to be obey$1 *anges ! quality ( ! "r2 or r %[s t x 0 n inde/ructible4 ,su* argum5ts may seem to give great aid & beauty to a m]e rhetorical climax1 b1 be=e ! l5s ( analyzation1 evaporates into en?usia/ic declamation1--:i*1 9 ! pres5t case1 seems to be address$ to ! sympa?ies1 prejudices1 & impulses ( ! human he>t4 ,9 8 writ+s on slav]y1 9 fact ?r\gh all 8 works1 we f9d a fundam5tal error1 mo/ fatal to tru?4 ,he makes ! consci5ce ! great cynosura ( all t is "r 9 morals1 & ( all t is true 9 religion4 ,h5ce1 9 ! passage be=e u1--8,! consci\sness ( inde/ructible rights is a "p ( our moral be+10--! consci\sness ( su* rights is 8 pro( t we possess !m2 !re=e1 8! consci\sness ( our humanity involves ! p]suasion 7pro(7 t we _c be own$20 &1 !re=e1 8z m5 7be+ m57 we _c ju/ly be made slaves40 ,s1 page #be3 8,ano!r argum5t aga9/ ! "r ( prop]ty 9 man1 may be drawn f a v obvi\s pr9ciple ( moral sci5ce1 ! consci5ce40 ,page #cc4 8,8 consci5ce1 9 reveal+ ! moral law1 does n reveal a law = himself only1 b speaks z a univ]sal legislator4 ,he has an intuitive conviction t ! obligations ( ?is div9e code press on o!rs z truly z on himself4 99 99 99 ,!re is no deep] pr9ciple 9 human nature ?an ! consci\sness ( rights40 ,vol4 iii4 page #ah3 8,by ?is ,i mean t a ,*ri/ian m9i/] %\ld bew>e ( (f]+ int]pretations ( ,scripture :i* are repugnant to any cle> discov]ies ( reason1 or dictates ( consci5ce40 ,page #ic3 8,we believe t all virtue has its f\ndation 9 ! moral nature ( man2 t is1 consci5ce1 or 8 s5se ( duty40 ,page #afd3 8,"o ( ! great excell5cies ( ,*ri/ianity is t x does n deal 9 m9ute regulations2 b1 t1 hav+ giv5 broad views ( duty10 c41 99 99 99 8x leaves u to apply ^! rules1 & express _! _s1 accord+ to ! prompt+s ( ! div9e monitor )9 u0--! consci5ce4 ,vol4 vi4 page #cjh3 8,we h no high] law ?an our conviction ( duty40 8,consci5ce is ! supreme p[] )9 u4 ,its ess5ce1 its gr& *>act]i/ic1 is sov]eignty4 ,x speaks ) div9e au?ority4 ,its (fice is to comm&1 to rebuke1 to rew>d2 & happ9ess & hon\r dep5d on ! rev]5ce ) :i* we li/5 to x40 ,vol4 iii4 pp4 #cce1 #ccf4 ,su* passages pla9ly expose ! view ( :at ,dr4 ,*ann+ calls consci5ce3 9 answ] to :i* we say1 ! consci5ce may be a poor guide to tru?4 ,! ,african savage feels a cle> consci5ce :5 he kills & eats 8 captive4 ,! ,h9doo "m is gov]n$ by h] consci5ce :5 %e plunges h] new-born infant b5ea? ! flood1 a sacrifice to h] gods4 ,! idolat]s ( ,pale/9e 7 subdu$ by consci5ce :5 !y ?ru/ _! suckl+ infants into ! flames to appease ,molo*2 yet ,god did n ?9k x 0 "r1 & =bade !m to d s4 ,! tru? is1 ! consci5ce is m]ely t "p ( ! judgm5t :i* takes notice ( :at x deems "r or wrong2 consequ5tly1 is z prone to be 9 error z our judgm5t ab\t any o!r matt]4 ,= ! accuracy ( ?is def9ition1 we ref] to all ! /&>d writ]s on logic1 & ^? on ! human und]/&+1 treat+ on ! subject4 ,& 9 fact1 ,dr4 ,*ann+ is =c$ to rec$e f 8 position :5 he f9ds t ,abraham1 ,philemon1 & "s good m5 ev5 ( ! pres5t day1 7 slave-own]s2 & 9 vol4 vi4 page #ee1 he says--8,x is a solemn tru?1 n yet und]/ood z x %\ld be1 t ! wor/ in/itutions may be su/a9$1 ! wor/ de$s p]=m$1 ! mo/ m]ciless cruelties inflict$ by ! consci5ti\s & ! good40 ,& aga91 page #eg3 8,! great tru? is n[ insi/$ on1 t evil is evil1 no matt] at ^: door x lies2 & t m5 act+ f consci5ce & religion may d nef>i\s de$s1 ne$s to be bett] und]/ood40 ,w\ld x n h be5 m frank = ,dr4 ,*ann+ to h said1 t ! consci5ce w\ld be an un]r+ guide s long z x agre$ ) 81 b :5 x did n1 :y1 !n he w\ld inquire into ! matt]8 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is to be lam5t$ t1 among ! unle>n$ at ! pres5t day1 a confus$ idea ( some?+ tantam\nt to ! consci5ce be+ a div9e monitor )9 u has tak5 a deep root among ! m9ds ( m52 hav+ gr[n out ( ! fact t su* 0 ! doctr9e ( "s ( ! fanatical tea*]s ( =m] days4 ,if we %all be p]mitt$ to speak ( prop]ty1 9 ref]5ce to our & its relation to ! ,div9e ,be+1 !n we _c /rictly say t man c own prop]ty4 ,jehovah /&s 9 no ne$4 ,behold ! cattle ^u a ?\s& hills are 82 all is ! "w ( 8 h&2 all1 all is 8 prop]ty alone6 ,at mo/1 ,god has only intru/$ ! possession1 ! adm9i/ration ( ! subjects ( 8 creation1 to man = ! "t be+1--to multiply1 to repl5i% & subdue4 ,x is only 9 ref]5ce to our relation to "o ano!r t we c advance ! idea ( prop]ty4 ,man 0 comm&$ to h dom9ion ov] ! :ole e>?1 to repl5i% & subdue1 9 proportion to ! tal5t be/[$ on him = t purpose4 ,?is comm& presupposes su* a /ate ( ?+s z we f9d1 ( advancem5t1 progression1 & improvem5t4 ,b 9 ! c\rse ( ! ,div9e adm9i/ration1 ,god has se5 fit to be/[ on "o man t5 tal5ts1 & on ano!r b "o2 & :o %all /& ^u ! ?rone ( ! ,almighty1 & decide t he ( ! t5 tal5ts %all h no relation ) ! progression ( him ( b "o tal5t8 8,take !re=e ! tal5t f him1 & give x unto him ( t5 tal5ts4 ,= unto e "o t ha? %all be giv51 & he %all h abundance3 b f him t ha? n %all be tak5 away ev5 t :i* he ha?40 ,matt4 xxv4 #bh1 #bi2 see also ,luke xvii4 #bd-bf4 ,& :at1 9 ! c\rse ( ,div9e provid5ce1 is to become ( him :o buri$ 8 tal5t 9 ! e>?1 & f :om x 0 tak5 away8 8,bless$ is t s]vant :om 8 ,"l :5 he come? %all f9d s do+4 ,( a tru? ,i say unto y1 t he w make him rul] ov] all t he ha?40 ,luke xii4 #dc1 #dd4 8,jesus answ]$ !m1 ,v]ily ,i say unto y1 :oev] committe? s9 is ! s]vant 71 d\los1 slave7 ( s940 ,john viii4 #cd4 8,behold = y\r iniquities h ye sold y\rselves40 ,isa4 l4 #a4 8,curs$ be ,canaan2 a s]vant ( s]vants %all he be unto 8 bre?r540 ,g54 ix4 #be4 eb$1 eb$im1 a mo/ abject slave %all he be6 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,iii4 ,! second argum5t 9 support ( 8 fir/ proposition is1 8,a man _c be seiz$ & held z prop]ty1 because he has rights20 to en=ce :i*1 he says--8,n[1 ,i say1 a be+ hav+ rights _c ju/ly be made prop]ty2 = ?is claim ov] him virtually annuls all 8 rights40 ,we see no =ce ( argum5t 9 ?is position4 ,x is also true t all dome/ic animals1 held z prop]ty1 h rights4 8,! ox kn[e? 8 own]1 & ! ass 8 ma/]'s crib40 ,!y all h 8! "r ( petition20 & ask1 9 _! way1 = food3 are !y ! less prop]ty8 ,b 8 ?ird argum5t 9 support ( 8 fir/ proposition is1 t man _c ju/ly be held z prop]ty1 on ! acc\nt ( ! 8ess5tial equality ( man40 ,if to be born1 to eat1 to dr9k1 & die alike1 con/itutes an ess5tial equality among m51 !n be x s6 ,:at6 ! ,african savage1 born ev5 a slave amid 8 native wilds1 :o ent]ta9s no ve/ige ( an idea ( ,god1 ( a future /ate ( exi/5ce1 ( moral acc\ntability2 :o has no wi% beyond ! gratification ( 8 own animal desire2 ^: p>5tage1 = ages pa/1 has be5 ( ! same ord]2 & ^: desc5dants are f\nd to require g5]ations ( con/ant tra9+ be=e !y display any p]man5t moral & intellectual advancem5t2 :at1 su* a "o ess5tially equal to su* a man z ,dr4 ,*ann+8 ,! tru? is1 su* a man is m ess5tially equal ) ! brute creation4 ,we %all consid] ! subject ( ! equality 9 ano!r "p ( our /udy1 to :i* we ref]4 ,we1 !re=e1 only rem>k1 t ! doctr9e is a *im]a4 ,8 f\r? argum5t 9 support ( ! proposition is1 8,t man _c ju/ly be held z prop]ty1 because prop]ty is an exclusive "r40 8,n[10 he says1 8if !re be prop]ty 9 any ?+1 x is t ( a man 9 8 own p]son1 m9d1 & /r5g?40 8,prop]ty10 he repeats1 8is an exclusive "r40 ,if a man has an exclusive "r to prop]ty1 he c ali5ate x2 he may sell1 give1 & bequea? x to o!rs4 ,if a man is ! prop]ty ( himself1 suppose he %all *oose to sell himself to ano!r1 & deliv] himself 9 full possession to ! pur*as]1 z he _h be=e be5 9 ! full possession ( himself--^: prop]ty w he be !n8 ,see a case 9 po9t 9 ,deut4 xv4 #ab-ag2 see also ,exod4 xxi4 #a-g4 ,8 fif? argum5t is t1 8if a human be+ _c )\t inf9ite inju/ice be seiz$ z prop]ty1 !n he _c1 )\t equal wrong1 be held & us$ z su*40 ,if a human be+ %all be f\nd a nuisance to himself & o!rs 9 a /ate ( fre$om1 !n !re w be no inju/ice 9 8 be+ subjugat$1 by law1 to su* control z 8 qualities prove him to require 9 ref]5ce to ! g5]al good2 ev5 if ! subject %all n *oose su* control z a p]sonal b5efit to himself4 ,! six? argum5t is1 t a human be+ _c be held z prop]ty1 because1 if s held1 8! latt] is "u obligation to give himself up z a *attel to ! =m]40 8,n[10 he says1 8d we n in/antly feel1 c we help feel+1 t ?is is false80 ,& t 8! abs5ce ( obligation proves ! want ( ! "r40 ,we suppose all ackn[l$ge ,god z ! au?or ( ! moral law4 ,! moral law =cibly inculcates submission to ! civil or political law1 ev5 indep5d5t ( any promise to d s4 ,n[1 no "o c h a "r to act 9 contradiction to law4 ,! abs5ce ( ?is "r1 !n1 proves ! exi/5ce ( ! obligation4 ,= 8 sev5? argum5t1 he says--8,i come n[ to :at is1 to my m9d1 ! great argum5t aga9/ seiz+ & us+ a man z prop]ty4 ,he _c be prop]ty 9 ! sight ( ,god & ju/ice1 because he is a rational1 moral1 immortal be+2 because creat$ 9 ,god's image1 & !re=e 9 ! highe/ s5se 8 *ild2 because creat$ to unfold godlike faculties1 & to gov]n himself by a ,div9e law1 writt5 on 8 he>t1 & republi%$ 9 ,god's ^w40 ,dr4 ,*ann+ adds a page or two 9 ! same impulsive /ra91 ( ! same en?usia/ic "*4 ,we may admire 8 /yle1 8 language1 ! amiable =mation ( 8 m9d1 b we see no?+ l precision or logical d$uction 9 support ( 8 proposition4 ,we see no?+ 9 x b ! declamation ( a le>n$1 yet an ov]-ard5t1 en?usia/ic m9d4 ,8 :ole book is b a display ( 8 m5tal =mation4 ,he c\ld love 8 fri5ds2 yea1 8 enemies4 ,he c\ld h rew>d$ virtue1 b he nev] c\ld h puni%$ s94 ,he c\ld h =giv5 ! greate/ outrage1 b he nev] c\ld h yield$ a del9qu5t to ! rigid dem&s ( ju/ice4 ,he 0 a good man1 b he nev] c\ld h be5 an unb5d+ judge4 ,! laws ( ,god h be5 made = ! gov]nm5t & b5efit ( 8 creatures4 ,god1 nor 8 law1 is1 l man1 *angeable4 ,8 law1 z express$ or manife/$ t[>ds "o class ( objects1 is also express$ & manife/$ t[>ds all objects simil>ly situat$4 ,! law1 br\ght into action by an act ( ,ca91 w\ld also h be5 br\ght into action by a simil> act ( ,abel4 ,! law condemnatory ( ! %$d+ ( blood is /ill 9 fe>ful exi/5ce aga9/ all :o %all h br\ght !mselves )9 ! category ( ,ca9's acts1 ! mo/ ( :i* h probably n be5 record$4 ,we anticipate f ano!r portion ( our /udies1 t 8s9 is any want ( con=mity unto ! law ( ,god40 ,s9 is z necess>ily foll[$ by ill consequ5ces to ! s9n] z cause is by effect4 ,a man commits a private murd]2 ?9k ye1 he feels no horrors ( m9d--no regrets8 ,is ! wat*fulness he f9ds necess>y to keep ov] himself = fe> ( exposure1 ?r\gh ! :ole ( life1 n ! effect ( ! act8 ,is n 8 :ole conduct1 8 fri5d%ips & associations ) m51 8 v m5tal peculi>ities1 8 e/imate ( o!rs1 (t5 all influ5c$ & direct$ 9 ! pa? ( 8 p]sonal safety1 ! avoidance ( suspicion8 ,& is all ?is no puni%m5t8 ,probably1 to h be5 put to dea? w\ld h be5 a mu* less suff]+2 & :o c tell h[ f> ?is long1 fe>ful1 & sy/ematic work+ ( 8 m9d is to affect ! m5tal peculi>ities ( 8 (fspr+8 ,%all he1 :o1 by wanton ?\ghtlessness1 reg>dless ( propriety1 ! moral law1 & ! consequ5ces ( its brea*1 contracts "s f\l1 loa?some1 consum+ disease1 t burns into ! bones1 & becomes a "p ( 8 physical con/itution1 leave no trace ( 8 s9 on 8 desc5dants8 ,det]iorat$1 feeble1 & diseas$1 !y %all n live out half _! days6 ,a long-cont9u$ c\rse ( s91 conf9$ to an individual1 or ext5d$ to a family or race ( p1 det]iorates1 deg5]ates1 & de/roys4 ,su* det]ioration1 cont9u$ p]haps f untold "t1 has br\ght "s ( ! races ( m5 to :at we n[ f9d !m2 & ! same causes1 9 simil> op]ation1 w\ld leave ! same effect on any o!r race2 & ,dr4 ,*ann+'s 8*ild ( ,god0 ceases to be s4 8,ye are ( y\r fa!r1 ! devil40 ,john viii4 #dd4 8,& ,dr4 ,*ann+'s man1 creat$ to unfold godlike faculties1 & to gov]n himself by a ,div9e law writt5 on 8 he>t10 ceases to act z he supposes3 8,& ! lu/s ( y\r fa!r ye w d3 he 0 a murd]] f ! beg9n+1 & abode n 9 ! tru?2 because !re is no tru? 9 him40 ,john viii4 #dd4 ,& :at sai? ! ,_s ( prophecy to ^! deg5]ate sons ( e>?8 8,:5 ?\ crie/1 let ?y companions deliv] !e2 b ! w9d %all c>ry !m away2 vanity %all take !m2 b he t putte? 8 tru/ 9 me %all possess ! l&1 & %all inh]it my holy m\nta940 ,isa4 lvii4 #ac4 8,& if ?\ %alt say 9 ?y he>t1 :]e=e came ^! ?+s ^u me8 ,= ! greatness ( ?9e iniquity are ?y skirts discov]$1 & ?y heels made b>e4 ,c ! ,e?iopian *ange 8 sk91 or ! leop>d 8 spots8 ,!n may ye also d good t are accu/om$ to d evil4 ,!re=e w ,i scatt] !m z /ubble t passe? away by ! w9d ( ! wild]ness4 ,?is is ?y lot1 ! portion ( ?y measures f me1 sai? ! ,"l3 because ?\ ha/ =gott5 me1 & tru/$ 9 falsehood4 ,!re=e1 w ,i discov] ?y skirts ^u ?y face1 t ?y %ame may appe>40 ,j]4 xiii4 #bb-bf4 8,& ,i w sell y\r sons & y\r daught]s into ! h& ( ! *ildr5 ( ,judah1 & !y %all sell !m to ! ,sabeans1 to a p f> (f3 = ! ,"l ha? spok5 x40 ,joel iii4 #h4 ,& :at sai? ! same ,_s to ^? ( opposite "*8 8,! sons also ( !m t afflict$ !e %all come b5d+ unto !e2 & !y t despis$ !e %all b[ !mselves d[n at ! soles ( ?y feet40 ,isa4 lx4 #ad4 8,& /rang]s %all /& & fe$ y\r flocks1 & ! sons ( ! ali5 %all be y\r pl\ghm5 & y\r v9e-dress]s40 ,ibid4 lxi4 #e4 8,!y 7my p7 %all n lab\r 9 va91 nor br+ =? tr\ble2 !y are ! se$ ( ! bless$ ( ! ,"l1 & _! (fspr+ ) !m4 ,& x %all come to pass1 be=e !y %all call1 ,i w answ]2 & :ile !y are yet speak+1 ,i w he>40 ,ibid4 lxv4 #bcd4 ,:at are ! ?reat5+s ann\nc$ 9 prospect ( _! det]ioration & wick$ness8 8,& ?\ 7,judah7 ev5 ?yself1 %alt discont9ue f ?y h]itage t ,i gave !e2 & ,i w cause !e to s]ve 7 be a slave to7 ?9e enemies 9 a l& :i* ?\ kn[e/ n40 ,j]4 xvii4 #d4 8,are ye n z ! *ildr5 ( ! ,e?iopians unto me1 ,o *ildr5 ( ,israel8 sai? ! ,"l4 99 99 99 ,behold ! eyes ( ! ,"l ,god are ^u ?is s9ful k+dom1 & ,i w de/roy x f (f ! face ( ! e>?2 sav+ t ,i w n utt]ly de/roy ! h\se ( ,jacob1 sai? ! ,"l40 ,amos ix4 #g1 #h4 ,! consequ5ces ( s9 are degradation1 slav]y1 & dea?3 8,a righte\s man hate? ly+2 b a wick$ man is loa?some & come? to %ame40 8,he t tr\ble? 8 own h\se %all inh]it ! w9d2 & ! fool %all be s]vant 7 eb$1 slave7 to ! wise ( he>t40 8,z righte\sness t5de? to life1 s he t pursue? evil1 pursue? x to 8 own dea?40 ,prov4 99 99 99 99 99 ,dr4 ,*ann+ has suff]$ 8 idea ( prop]ty to br+ him great m5tal suff]+3 he evid5tly associates1 "u ! t]m prop]ty1 ^? qualities & relations only1 :i* are prop]ly associat$ 9 an inanimate object ( possession1 or at mo/ 9 a brute bea/4 ,he has1 no d\bt1 suff]$ great mis]y f ! reflection t a human be+ has ev] be5 r$uc$ to su* a condition4 ,b 8 mis]y has all be5 produc$ by 8 adh]5ce to 8 own peculi> def9ition ( ! ^w prop]ty4 ,8 def9ition is n its exact mean+1 :5 appli$ to a slave4 ,_h ! doctor attempt$ an argum5t to %[ t ! ^w prop]ty c\ld n consi/5tly be appli$ to a slave1 he might1 p]haps1 h improv$ our language1 by sett+ up a m def9ite b\nd>y to ! mean+ ( ?is t]m1 & sav$ himself mu* useless lab\r4 ,mank9d apply ! t]m prop]ty to slaves3 !y h always done s2 & s9ce ,dr4 ,*ann+ has n giv5 u an essay ^u ! impropriety ( ?is use ( ! ^w1 p]haps ! accu/om$ usage w be cont9u$4 ,b we imag9e t no "o b ! doctor & 8 disciples w cont5d t x expresses ! same complex idea :5 appli$ to slaves1 :i* is express$ by x :5 appli$ to inanimate objects1 or to brute bea/s4 ,x w be a new idea to ! slavehold] to be told t ! ^w prop]ty1 z appli$ to 8 slaves1 conv]ts !m at once into brute bea/s1 no long] human be+s2 t x deprives !m ( all legal protection2 & t he1 ! ma/]1 9 consequ5ce ( ! use ( ?is ^w1 /&s 9 ! same relation to 8 slave t he does to 8 horse2 & we appreh5d he w f9d x q z difficult to compreh5d h[ ?is metamorphosis is br\ght ab\t1 z x is = ! doctor & 8 disciples1 h[ ! slave is prop]ty4 ,we may say a man has prop]ty 9 8 wife1 8 *ildr51 8 hirel+1 8 slave1 8 horse1 & a piece ( timb]1--by :i* we mean t he has ! "r to use !m1 9 con=mity to ! relations exi/+ betwe5 himself & ^! sev]al objects4 ,because 8 horse is 8 prop]ty1 :o ev] dream$ t he _h !re=e ! "r to use him z a piece ( timb]8 ,no man has a "r to use any item ( prop]ty 9 a diff]5t mann] ?an 8 relations ) x indicate2 or1 9 o!r words1 z %all be 9 con=mity ) ! laws ( ,god4 ,our prop]ty is little else ?an ! "r ( possession & control1 "u ! guidance ( ! laws by :i* we are 9 possession = ! "t be+4 ,! organization ( society is ! result ( ! conception ( ! g5]al good4 ,by x "o man1 "u a c]ta9 *a9 ( circum/ances1 inh]its a ?rone2 ano!r1 a f>m2 "o1 ! protection ( a bondman1 or :atev] may accrue to ^! conditions f o!r op]at+ causes2 & ano!r1 no?+4 ,if ,dr4 ,*ann+ & 8 disciples c f9d out "s new pr9ciples by :i* to organize society1 produc+ diff]5t & bett] results1 !y w !n d :at has n be5 done4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,iv4 ,! doctr9e t slav]y1 disease1 & dea? are ! necess>y effects ( s91 we humbly claim to p]ceive spread on e page ( ! holy books4 ,?is doctr9e is =cibly illu/rat$ 9 ! w>n+ voice ( ,jehovah to ! ,israelites4 ,!y 7 emphatically call$ 8 *ildr5--peculi> p--8 *os5 ones4 ,he made cov5ants ) !m to bless !m2 yet all ^! 7 f\nd$ ^u _! adh]5ce to ! ,div9e law4 ,^! promises repeal$ no ord9ance ( ,div9e necessity 9 _! behalf4 ,he express$1 reveal$ ! law1 s f> z x 0 important = !m at ! "t1 & !n says1 ,deut4 xxviii4 #ad-fh3-- 8#ae4 ,b x %all come to pass1 if ?\ wilt n he>k5 unto ! voice ( ! ,"l ?y ,god1 to obs]ve to d all 8 comm&m5ts & 8 /atutes :i* ,i comm& !e ?is day1 t all ^! curses %all come ^u !e & ov]take !e3 8#af4 ,curs$ %alt ?\ be 9 ! city1 & curs$ %alt ?\ be 9 ! field4 8#ag4 ,curs$ %all be ?y basket & ?y /ore4 8#ah4 ,curs$ %all be ! fruit ( ?y body1 & ! fruit ( ?y l&1 ! increase ( ?y k9e1 & ! flocks ( ?y %eep4 8#ai4 ,curs$ %alt ?\ be :5 ?\ come/ 91 & curs$ %alt ?\ be :5 ?\ goe/ out4 8#bj4 ,! ,"l %all s5d ^u !e curs+1 vexation1 & rebuke1 9 all t ?\ sette/ ?y h& unto = to d1 until ?\ be de/roy$1 & until ?\ p]i% quickly3 because ( ! wick$ness ( ?y do+s :]eby ?\ ha/ =sak5 me4 8#ba4 ,! ,"l %all make ! pe/il5ce cleave unto !e1 until he h consum$ !e f (f ! l&1 :i!r ?\ goe/ to possess x4 8#bb4 ,! ,"l %all smite !e ) a consumption1 & ) a fev]1 & ) an inflammation1 & ) an extreme burn+1 & ) ! sword1 & ) bla/+1 & ) mildew3 & !y %all pursue !e until ?\ p]i%4 8#bc4 ,& ?y heav5 t is ov] ?y head %all be brass1 & ! e>? t is "u !e %all be iron4 8#bd4 ,! ,"l %all make ! ra9 ( ?y l& p[d] & du/3 f heav5 %all x come d[n ^u !e1 until ?\ be de/roy$4 8#be4 ,! ,"l %all cause !e to be smitt5 be=e ?9e enemies3 ?\ %alt g out "o way aga9/ !m1 & flee sev5 ways be=e !m2 & %alt be remov$ into all ! k+doms ( ! e>?4 8#bf4 ,& ?y c>cass %all be meat unto all f[ls ( ! air1 & unto bea/s ( ! e>?1 & no man %all fray !m away4 8#bg4 ,! ,"l w smite !e ) ! bot* ( ,egypt1 & ) ! em]ods1 & ) ! scab1 & ) ! it*1 :]e( ?\ can/ n be heal$4 8#bh4 ,! ,"l %all smite !e ) madness1 & bl9dness1 & a/oni%m5t ( he>t3 8#bi4 ,& ?\ %alt grope at noonday1 z ! bl9d grope? 9 d>kness1 & ?\ %alt n prosp] 9 ?y ways2 & ?\ %alt be only oppress$ & spoil$ ev]more1 & no man %all save !e4 8#cj4 ,?\ %alt betro? a wife1 & ano!r man %all lie ) h]3 ?\ %alt build a h\se1 & ?\ %alt n dwell !re93 ?\ %alt plant a v9ey>d1 & %alt n ga!r ! grapes !re(4 8#ca4 ,?9e ox %all be sla9 be=e ?9e eyes1 & ?\ %alt n eat !re(3 ?y ass %all be viol5tly tak5 away f be=e ?y face1 & %all n be re/or$ to !e3 ?y %eep %all be giv5 unto ?9e enemies1 & ?\ %alt h none to rescue !m4 8#cb4 ,?y sons & ?y daught]s %all be giv5 unto ano!r p1 & ?y eyes %all look1 & fail ) long+ = !m all ! day long3 & !re %all be no might 9 ?y h&4 8#cc4 ,! fruit ( ?y l& & all ?y lab\rs %all a nation :i* ?\ kn[e/ n eat up3 & ?\ %alt be only oppress$ & cru%$ always3 8#cd4 ,s t ?\ %alt be mad = ! sight ( ?y eyes :i* ?\ %alt see4 8#ce4 ,! ,"l %all smite !e 9 ! knees1 & 9 ! legs1 ) a sore bot* t _c be heal$1 f ! sole ( ?y foot unto ! top ( ?y head4 8#cf4 ,! ,"l %all br+ !e1 & ?y k+ :i* ?\ %alt set ov] !e1 unto a nation :i* nei!r ?\ nor ?y fa!rs h kn[n1 & !re %alt ?\ s]ve 7 ve abadta1 & %all slave y\rselves to7 o!r gods1 wood & /one3 8#cg4 ,& ?\ %alt become an a/oni%m5t1 a prov]b1 & a by-^w1 among all nations :i!r ! ,"l %all lead !e4 8#ch4 ,?\ %alt c>ry mu* se$ out unto ! field1 & %alt ga!r b little 93 = ! locu/ %all consume x4 8#ci4 ,?\ %alt plant v9ey>ds & dress !m1 b %alt nei!r dr9k ( ! w9e1 nor ga!r ! grapes3 = ! worms %all eat !m4 8#dj4 ,?\ %alt h olive-trees ?r\gh\t1 b ?\ %alt n ano9t ?yself ) ! oil3 = ?9e olive %all ca/ 8 fruit4 8#da4 ,?\ %alt beget sons & daught]s1 b ?\ %alt n enjoy !m1 = !y %all g into captivity40 7,into captivity is translat$ f ba%%ebi2 ! prefix preposition 91 into1 c4 "h makes ba%4 ,! root is %ebi4 ,! translation is correct1 b ! idea ext5ds to su* a possession ( ! captive z includes ! idea ( a "r ( prop]ty4 ,! same ^w is us$ :5 dumb bea/s are tak5 z spoil 9 w>2 ?us1 ,amos iv4 #aj1 %ebi susekem1 ,i h tak5 y\r horses1 i4 e4 ,i h captur$ y\r horses1--! "r ( prop]ty 9 ! horses is *ang$4 ,! idea 9 ! text is1 !y %all g into slav]y47 8#db4 ,all ?y trees & fruit ( ?y l& %all ! locu/ consume4 8#dc4 ,! /rang] t is )9 !e %all get up above !e v high2 & ?\ %alt come d[n v l[4 8#dd4 ,he %all l5d to !e1 & ?\ %alt n l5d to him3 he %all be ! head1 & ?\ %alt be ! tail4 8#de4 ,moreov]1 all ^! curses %all come ^u !e1 & %all pursue !e1 & ov]take !e1 till ?\ be de/roy$3 because ?\ he>k5$/ n unto ! voice ( ! ,"l ?y ,god1 to keep 8 comm&m5ts & 8 /atutes :i* he comm&$ !e4 8#df4 ,& !y %all be ^u !e = a sign1 & = a wond]1 & ^u ?y se$ = ev]40 7,= a sign o?1 a m>k1 sign1 c4 ,x may be not$ t ?is ^w is us$ 9 ,g54 iv4 #ae3 8,& ! ,"l set a m>k ^u ,ca910 o?1 m>k1 sign1 c47 8#dg4 ,because ?\ s]v$/ n ! ,"l ?y ,god ) joyfulness & ) gladness ( he>t = ! abundance ( all ?+s4 8#dh4 ,!re=e %alt ?\ s]ve 7 be a slave to7 ?9e enemies :i* ! ,"l %all s5d aga9/ !e1 9 hung]1 & 9 ?ir/1 & 9 nak$ness1 & 9 want ( all ?+s3 & he %all put a yoke ( iron ^u ?y neck1 until he h de/roy$ !e4 8#di4 ,! ,"l %all br+ a nation aga9/ !e f f>1 f ! end ( ! e>?1 z swift z ! eagle flie?1 a nation ^: tongue ?\ %alt n und]/&2 8#ej4 ,a nation ( fi]ce c\nt5ance1 :i* %all n reg>d ! p]son ( ! old1 nor %[ fav\r to ! "y3 8#ea4 ,& he %all eat ! fruit ( ?y cattle1 & ! fruit ( ?y l&1 until ?\ be de/roy$3 :i* also %all n leave !e ei!r corn1 w9e1 or oil1 or ! increase ( ?y k9e1 or flocks ( ?y %eep1 until he h de/roy$ !e4 8#eb4 ,& he %all besiege !e 9 all ?y gates1 until ?y high & f5c$ walls come d[n1 :]e9 ?\ tru/$/1 ?r\gh\t all ?y l&3 & he %all besiege !e 9 all ?y gates ?r\gh\t all ?y l& :i* ! ,"l ?y ,god ha? giv5 !e4 8#ec4 ,& ?\ %alt eat ! fruit ( ?9e own body1 ! fle% ( ?y sons & ( ?y daught]s :i* ! ,"l ?y ,god ha? giv5 !e1 9 ! siege & 9 ! /raitness :]e) ?9e enemies %all di/ress !e3 8#ed4 ,s t ! man t is t5d] among y1 & v delicate1 8 eye %all be evil t[>d 8 bro!r1 & t[>d ! wife ( 8 bosom1 & t[>d ! remnant ( 8 *ildr5 :i* he %all leave4 8#ee4 ,s t he w n give to any ( !m ( ! fle% ( 8 *ildr5 :om he %all eat3 because he ha? no?+ left him 9 ! siege1 & 9 ! /raitness :]e) ?9e enemies %all di/ress !e 9 all ?y gates4 8#ef4 ,! t5d] & delicate woman among y1 :i* w\ld n adv5ture to set ! sole ( h] foot ^u ! gr\nd = delicat5ess & t5d]ness1 h] eye %all be evil t[>d ! husb& ( h] bosom1 & t[>d h] son1 & t[>d h] daught]1 8#eg4 ,& t[>d h] "y "o t come? out f betwe5 h] feet1 & t[>d h] *ildr5 :i* %e %all be>3 = %e %all eat !m = want ( all ?+s secretly 9 ! siege & /raitness :]e) ?9e enemy %all di/ress !e 9 ?y gates4 8#eh4 ,if ?\ wilt n obs]ve to d all ! words ( ?is law t are writt5 9 ?is book1 t ?\ maye/ fe> ?is glori\s & fe>ful "n ,,! ,,"l ,,?y ,,god4 8#ei4 ,!n ! ,"l w make ?y plagues wond]ful1 & ! plagues ( ?y se$1 ev5 great plagues1 & ( long cont9uance1 & sore sicknesses & ( long cont9uance4 8#fj4 ,moreov]1 he w br+ ^u !e all ! diseases ( ,egypt1 :i* ?\ wa/ afraid (1 & !y %all cleave unto !e4 8#fa4 ,also e sickness1 & e plague :i* is n writt5 9 ! book ( ?is law1 !m w ! ,"l br+ ^u !e1 until ?\ be de/roy$4 8#fb4 ,& ye %all be left few 9 numb]1 :]eas ye 7 z ! />s ( heav5 = multitude2 because ?\ w\lde/ n obey ! voice ( ! ,"l ?y ,god4 8#fc4 ,& x %all come to pass1 t z ! ,"l rejoic$ ov] y to d y good1 & to multiply y2 s ! ,"l w rejoice ov] y to de/roy y & to br+ y to n\ght2 & ye %all be pluck$ f (f ! l& :i!r ?\ goe/ to possess x4 8#fd4 ,& ! ,"l %all scatt] !e among all p f ! "o end ( ! e>? ev5 to ! o!r1 & ?\ %alt s]ve 71 be slave to7 o!r gods :i* nei!r ?\ nor ?y fa!rs h kn[n1 ev5 wood & /one4 8#fe4 ,& among ^! nations %alt ?\ f9d no ease1 nei!r %all ! sole ( ?y foot h re/3 b ! ,"l %all give !e !re a trembl+ he>t1 & fail+ ( eyes1 & sorr[ ( m9d4 8#ff4 ,& ?y life %all hang 9 d\bt be=e !e2 & ?\ %alt fe> day & night1 & %alt h none assurance ( ?y life3 8#fg4 ,9 ! morn+ ?\ %alt say1 ,w\ld ,god x 7 ev56 & at ev5 %alt ?\ say1 ,w\ld ,god x 7 morn+6 = ! fe> ( ?y he>t :]e) ?\ %alt fe>1 & = ! sight ( ?9e eyes :i* ?\ %alt see4 8#fh4 ,& ! ,"l %all br+ !e into ,egypt aga9 ) %ips1 by ! way :]e( ,i spake unto !e4 ,?\ %alt see x no m aga93 & !re ye %all be sold unto y\r enemies = bond-m5 & bond-wom51 & no man %all buy y4 ,ye %all be sold1 i4 e4 be expos$ to sale1 or expose y\rselves to sale1 z ! ^w hi? macc>tem may be r5d]$2 !y 7 vagrants1 & wi%$ to become slaves t !y might be provid$ ) ! necess>ies ( life40 ,cl>ke's ,comm5t>y4 ,! m>kets 7 ov]/ock$ ) !m1 says ,josephus3 99 99 99 8,!y 7 sold ) _! wives & *ildr5 at ! l[e/ price1 !re be+ _m to be sold1 & few pur*as]s40 ,hegesippus also says--8,!re 7 _m captives (f]$ = sale1 b few buy]s1 because ! ,romans disda9$ to take ! ,jews = slaves1 & !re 7 n ,jews rema9+ to r$eem _! c\ntrym540 8,:5 ,j]usalem 0 tak5 by ,titus1 ( ! captives :o 7 s5t into ,egypt1 ^? "u sev5te5 7 sold2 b s little c>e 0 tak5 ( !m1 t #aa1jjj ( !m p]i%$ = want40 ,bi%op ,newton4 ,/4 ,j]ome says--8,aft] _! la/ ov]?r[ by ,adrian1 _m ?\s&s ( !m 7 sold1 & ^? :o c\ld n be sold 7 transport$ into ,egypt1 & p]i%$ by %ipwreck & fam9e1 or 7 massacr$ by ! inhabitants40 ,a simil> condition happ5$ to ! ,jews 9 ,spa91 :51 "u ! reign ( ,f]d9& & ,isabella1 !y 7 driv5 out ( t k+dom1 conc]n+ :i*1 ,ab>b9el1 a ,jewi% writ] says--8,?ree hundr$ ?\s&1 "y & old1 wom5 & *ildr51 7( :om he 0 "o17 n kn[+ :]e to g1 left on foot 9 "o day3 "s became a prey1 "s p]i%$ by fam9e1 "s by pe/il5ce1--"s committ$ !mselves to ! sea1 b 7 sold = slaves :5 !y came to any coa/2 _m 7 dr[n$ & burn$ 9 ! %ips :i* 7 set on fire4 ,9 %ort1 all suff]$ ! puni%m5t ( ,god ! ,av5g]40 ,b5son1 9 8 ,comm5t>y1 says--8,h[ ^! in/ances may affect o!rs1 ,i "k n1 b = myself ,i mu/ ackn[l$ge1 !y n only conv9ce1 b a/oni% me beyond expression4 ,!y are truly1 z ,moses =etold !y w\ld be1 a sign & a wond] = ev]40 ,scott says--8,numb]s ( captives 7 s5t by sea into ,egypt1 7z well z into o!r c\ntries17 & sold = slaves at a vile price1 & = ! meane/ (fices2 & _m ?\s&s 7 left to p]i% f want2 = ! multitude 0 s great t pur*as]s c\ld n be f\nd = !m all at any price4 99 99 99 ,to su* wret*$ness is e "o expos$1 :o lives 9 disob$i5ce to ,god's comm&s4 99 99 99 ,none w suff] any mis]y above 8 des]ts3 b1 inde$1 we are all expos$ to ?is w(ul curse1 = break+ ! law ( ,god40 ,h5ry says--8,i h he>d ( a wick$ man1 :o1 on read+ ^! ?reat5+s1 0 s enrag$ t he tore ! leaf out ( 8 ,bible40 ,^u a review ( all ?is evid5ce1 to :at conclusion is ! m9d incl9$8 ,are !re no circum/ances "u :i* man may become a slave--8prop]ty1 9 ! sight ( ,god & ju/ice80 ,dr4 ,*ann+ says1 vol4 ii4 page #bh--8,su* a be+ 7man7 0 pla9ly made to obey a law )9 himself4 ,?is is ! ess5ce ( a moral be+4 ,he possesses1 z "p ( 8 nature1 & ! mo/ ess5tial "p1 a cause ( duty1 :i* he is to rev]5ce & foll[40 ,?is is 9 accordance ) 8 idea ( consci5ce--8! ,div9e monitor )9 u40 ,b we are =c$ to diff] f ,dr4 ,*ann+4 ,to obey ! law ( ,god1 n "s creature ( man's1 or our own judgm5t1 is ! cre$ we inculcate2 & we fur!r tea* t 8su* a be+ 0 pla9ly made0 8to rev]5ce & foll[0 ! law ( ,god1 n 8 own op9ion or ! feel+s ( 8 own he>t4 ,if ?is doctr9e is n true 9 !ology1 c x be s 9 reg>d to slav]y1 or any ?+ else8 ,page #bi1 he says--8,e ?+ else may be own$ 9 ! univ]se2 b a moral1 rational be+ _c be prop]ty4 ,suns & />s may be own$1 b n ! l[e/ _s4 ,t\* any ?+ b ?is4 ,lay n y\r h& ^u ,god's rational (fspr+4 ,! :ole spiritual _w cries out1 ,,=be>60 ,we d n quote ?is z an argum5t4 ,if 8 po/ulate be true conc]n+ ! 8law )9 himself10 he ne$s no argum5t2 8 op9ion is en\gh3 8 feel+1 8 8s5se ( duty0 gov]ns ! matt]4 ,b1 :ile 8 disciples 8rev]5ce & foll[0 _! 8s5se ( duty10 by obey+ a law )9 !mselves1 &1 accord+ to _! consci5ce1 8own ! sun & />s10 may n ^? :o believe ! ,bible to be ! ^w ( ,god1 :o 8rev]5ce & foll[0 x1 z _! 8s5se ( duty10 & obey x z a law )9 !mselves1 accord+ to _! consci5ce1 own slaves8 ,b ,dr4 ,*ann+ cont9ues--8,! highe/ intellig5ces recognise _! own nature1 _! own rights1 9 ! humble/ human be+4 ,by t priceless1 immortal _s :i* dwells 9 him1 by t lik5ess ( ,god :i* he we>s1 tread him n 9 ! du/1 conf\nd him n ) ! brute40 ,& he !n gravely adds--8,we h ?us se5 t a human be+ _c rightfully be held & us$ z prop]ty4 ,no legislation1 n t ( all c\ntries or worlds1 c\ld make him s4 ,let ?is be laid d[n z a fir/1 fundam5tal tru?40 ,su* 7 8 op9ions4 ,we view !m1 if n ! rav+s1 at lea/ ! impressions1 ( fanaticism4 ,:5 c\nsellor ,quibble saw 8 cli5t ,/ultus go+ to ! /ocks1 he cri$ out1 8,x is contr>y to my s5se ( ju/ice2 to ! laws ( ,god & man2 no p[] c make x "r60 ,yet ,/ultus is 9 ! /ocks6 ,b :at %all we say ( him :o makes ! sanction ( 8 own feel+s ! f\ndation ( 8 cre$1 ( 8 /&>d ( "r8 ,:at ( him1 :o1 9 8 se>* = tru?1 sc>cely or nev] alludes to ! ,bible z ! voice ( ,god1 z ! ,div9e basis ( 8 reasons1 z ! pill> on :i* argum5t may f9d re/8 ,has "s new revelation inspir$ him8 ,has he he>d a voice l\d] & m cle> ?an ! ?und]1 ! trumpet f ! m\nt ( ,god8 ,has he beheld tru? by a light m lucid ?an ! flam+ g>m5ts ( ,jehovah8 ,or has he only se5 a cl\d1 n f ! top ( ,s9ai1 b f ! dismal pit ( human frailty8 ------------------ ,,lesson ,v4 ,dr4 ,*ann+'s second proposition is3 8,man has sacr$ rights1 ! gifts ( ,god1 & insep>able f human nature1 ( :i* slav]y is ! infraction20 9 pro( ( :i* he says1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bc--8,man's rights belong to him z a moral be+1 z capable ( p]ceiv+ moral di/9ctions1 a subject ( moral obligation4 ,z soon z he becomes consci\s ( a duty1 a k9dr$ consci\sness spr+s up1 t he has a "r to d :at ! s5se ( duty enjo9s1 & t no =eign w or p[] c ob/ruct 8 moral action )\t crime40 ,suppose man has rights z describ$2 suppose he feels consci\s1 z he says2 does t give him a "r to d wrong1 because 8 s5se ( duty enjo9s him to d s8 ,& may he n be prev5t$ f s do+8 ,0 x inde$ a crime 9 ,god to turn ! c\nsels ( ,ahi?ophel into fooli%ness8 ,page #cc4 8,t "s inw>d pr9ciple :i* tea*es a man :at he is b\nd to d to o!rs1 tea*es equally1 & at ! same in/ant1 :at o!rs are b\nd to d to him60 ,suppose a few ,africans1 on an excursion to capture slaves1 f9d t ?is 8inw>d pr9ciple0 tea*es !m t !y are b\nd to make a slave ( ,dr4 ,*ann+1 if !y c2 does he mean t1 !re=e1 he is b\nd to make slaves ( !m8 ,idem1 p4 #cc4 8,! s5se ( duty is ! f\nta9 ( human rights4 ,9 o!r words1 ! same inw>d pr9ciple :i* tea*es ! =m]1 be>s witness to ! latt]40 ,if ! ,african's s5se ( duty gives ! "r to make ,dr4 ,*ann+ a slave1 we d n see :y he %\ld compla92 s9ce1 by 8 own rule1 ! ,african's s5se ( duty proves him to possess ! "r :i* 8 s5se ( duty covets4 ,page #cd4 8,hav+ %[n ! f\ndation ( human rights 9 human nature1 x may be ask$1 :at !y are4 99 99 99 ,!y may all be compris$ 9 ! "r1 :i* belongs to e rational be+1 to ex]cise 8 p[]s = ! promotion ( 8 own & o!rs' happ9ess & virtue4 99 99 99 ,8 ability = ?is "w is a sacr$ tru/ f ,god1 ! greate/ ( all tru/s4 ,he mu/ answ] = ! wa/e or abuse ( x4 ,he consequ5tly suff]s an unspeakable wrong :5 /ripp$ ( x by o!rs1 or =bidd5 to employ x = ! ends = :i* x is giv540 ,we regret to say t we feel an objection to ,*ann+'s argum5t & mode ( reason+1 = its want ( def9it5ess & precision4 ,if :at he says on ! subject ( slav]y 7 m]ely int5d$ z eloqu5t declamations1 address$ to ! sympa?ies & impulses ( 8 p>ty1 we %\ld n h be5 dispos$ to h nam$ su* an objection4 ,b 8 works are urg$ on ! _w z s\nd logic1 & ( suffici5t =ce to op5 ! eyes ( e slavehold] to ! wick$ness ( ! act1 & to =ce him1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( 8 8moral s5se10 to set ! slaves in/antly free4 ,a moral action mu/ n only be ! volunt>y (fspr+ ( ! actor1 b mu/ also be p]=m$1 to be judg$ by laws :i* %all det]m9e x to be good or bad4 ,^! laws1 man be+ ! moral ag5t1 we say1 are ! laws ( ,god2 by !m man is to measure 8 conduct4 ,locke says1 8,moral good & evil are ! con=mity or disagreem5t ( our volunt>y actions to "s law1 :]eby good or evil is drawn ^u u f ! w or p[] ( ! lawmak]40 ,b ! doctr9e ( ,dr4 ,*ann+ seems to be t ?is law is ea* man's consci5ce1 moral s5se1 s5se ( duty1 or ! inw>d pr9ciple4 ,if ! proposition ( ,mr4 ,locke be s\nd logic1 :at becomes ( ^! h>angues ( ,dr4 ,*ann+8 ,we say1 t ! law1 rule1 or p[] t decides good or evil1 mu/ be f a s\rce f> above ourselves2 =1 if o!rwise1 ! contradictory & confus$ notions ( m5 mu/ necess>ily bani% all idea ( good & evil f ! e>?4 ,9 fact1 ! d5ial ( ! elevat$1 ! ,div9e s\rce ( su* law1 is also a d5ial t ,god gov]ns2 = gov]nm5t )\t law is a contradiction4 ,if ! consci5ce1 z ,dr4 ,*ann+ ?9ks1 is ! guide betwe5 "r & wrong accord+ to ! law ( ,god2 !n ! law ( ,god mu/ be q *angeable1 because ! m9ds ( m5 diff]4 ,ea* makes 8 own d$uction2 !re=e1 9 t case1 ! law ( ,god mu/ be :at ea* "o may sev]ally ?9k x to be2 :i* is only o!r language to say !re is no law at all4 8,e way ( a man is "r 9 8 own eyes40 ,prov4 xxi4 #b4 ,b1 8,! /atutes ( ! ,"l are "r40 ,ps4 xix4 #h4 ,! laws ( ,god t\*+ ! subject ( slav]y are spread ?r\gh e "p ( ! ,scriptures4 ,human reason may d battle1 b ! only result w be ! manife/ation ( its weakness4 ,! in/itution ( slav]y mu/1 ( necessity1 cont9ue 9 "s =m1 s long z s9 %all h a t5d5cy to lead to dea?2 s long z ,jehovah %all rule1 & ex]cise ! attributes ( m]cy to fall51 degrad$ man4 ,b let u = a mom5t view ! facts accompany+ ! slav]y ( ! ,african race1 & comp>e !m ) ! ass]tion1 p4 #ce1 t e slave 8suff]s a griev\s wrong20 &1 p4 #di1 t e slave-own] is a 8robb]10 h[ev] unconsci\s he may be ( ! fact4 ,s f> z hi/ory gives u any k ( ! ,african tribes1 = ! la/ #djjj ye>s1 _! condition has be5 /ation>y2 at lea/ !y h giv5 no evid5ce ( advancem5t 9 morals or civilization beyond :at has be5 ! imm$iate effect ( ! ex*ange ( _! slaves = ! commodities ( o!r p>ts ( ! _w4 ,s f> z ?is trade _h influ5ce1 x effect$ almo/ a total abolition ( cannibalism among !m4 ,t ! cessation ( cannibalism 0 ! result ( an ex*ange ( _! slaves z prop]ty = ! m]*&ise ( ! ,*ri/ian nations1 is prov$ by ! fact t !y h return$ to _! =m] habits 9 t respect ^u ^? nations discont9u+ ! slave-trade ) !m4 ,:i* is ! greate/ wrong to a slave1 to be cont9u$ 9 s]vitude1 or to be but*]$ = food1 because 8 lab\r is n want$ by 8 own]8 ,no v accurate /ati/ics c be giv5 ( ,african affairs2 b _! population has be5 e/imat$ at #ej1jjj1jjj1 & to h be5 ab\t ! same = _m c5turies2 ( :i* population1 ev5 includ+ ! wilde/ tribes1 f> ov] f\r-fif?s h ev] be5 slaves among !mselves4 ,! e>lie/ & ! mo/ rec5t travell]s among !m agree z to ! facts1 t !y are cannibals2 t !y are idolat]s1 or t !y h no trace ( religion :atev]2 t m>riage ) !m is b promiscu\s int]c\rse2 t !re is b little or no affection betwe5 husb& & wife1 p>5t & *ildr51 old or "y2 t 9 m5tal or moral capacity1 !y are b a grade above ! brute creation2 t ! slaves & wom5 alone d any lab\r1 & !y (t5 n en\gh to keep !m f want2 t _! highe/ views are to take slaves1 or to kill a neighb\r+ tribe2 t !y ev9ce no desire = improvem5t1 or to ameliorate _! condition4 ,9 %ort1 t !y are1 & ev] h be51 f ! e>lie/ k ( !m1 savages ( ! mo/ debas$ "*4 ,we h1 9 a previ\s /udy1 quot$ au?ority 9 pro( ( ^! facts1 to :i* we ref]4 ,w any "o hesitate to ackn[l$ge1 t1 to !m1 slav]y1 regulat$ by law1 among civiliz$ nations is a /ate ( moral1 m5tal1 & physical elevation8 ,a pro( ( ?is is f\nd 9 ! fact t ! desc5dants ( su* slaves are f\nd to be1 9 all ?+s1 _! sup]iors4 ,if _! desc5dants 7 f\nd to det]iorate f ! condition ( ! p>5ts1 we %\ld hesitate to say t slav]y 0 to !m a bless+4 ,:i* w\ld man consid] ! mo/ l an act ( m]cy 9 ,jehovah1 to cont9ue !m 9 _! /ate ( slav]y to _! ,african ma/]1 bro!r1 & own]1 or to ord] !m into t condition ( slav]y 9 :i* we f9d !m 9 ^! ,/ates8 ,:i* /ate ( slav]y w\ld a man pref]1 to a savage1 or to a civiliz$ ma/]8 ,! ,hebrews1 ,m$es1 ,p]sians1 ,*aldeans1 ,syrians1 ,greeks1 & ,romans h1 on ! bord]s ( ,africa1 to "s ext5t1 amalgamat$ ) !m1 f "t immemorial4 ,b su* amalgamation has nev] be5 kn[n to atta9 to ! position1 ei!r physically1 m5tally1 or morally1 ( _! =eign prog5itors2 p]haps sup]ior to ! int]ior tribes1 yet (t5 !y sc>cely exhibit a m5tal or moral trace ( _! =eign extraction4 ,! ?\ghtless1 ^? ( slov5ly morals1 or ^? ( none at all1 f among ! desc5dants ( ,japhe?1 h comm+l$ ) !m 9 ! new _w2 b ! amalgamation nev] exhibits a correspond+ elevation 9 ! direction ( ! :ite prog5itor4 ,! connection may degrade ! p>5t1 b nev] elevate ! (fspr+4 ,! great mass look ^u ! connection ) abhorr5ce & loa?+2 & pity or contempt always att5ds ! foot/eps ( ! aggressor4 ,^! feel+s are n conf9$ to any p>ticul> c\ntry or age ( ! _w4 ,are n ^! ?+s pro( t ! desc5dants ( ,ham are a det]iorat$ race8 ,w ! decl>ations ( a few di/emp]$ m9ds1 z to _! religion1 feel+1 & ta/e1 weigh 9 contradiction8 ,:at 0 ! judgm5t ( ,isaac & ,rebecca on ?is subject8 ,see ,g54 xxvi4 #ce2 xxvii4 #df2 also xxviii4 #a4 ,s9ce ! days ( ,noah1 :]e are _! monum5ts ( art1 religion1 sci5ce1 & civilization8 ,is x n a fact t ! highe/ moral & intellectual atta9m5t :i* ! desc5dants ( ,ham ev] display$ is n[1 at ?is "t1 manife/$ among ^? 9 s]vile pupilage8 ,! v fact ( _! be+ prop]ty gives !m protection4 ,:at1 he _! 8robb]10 :o wat*es ov] _! welf>e ) m effect & integrity ?an all _! ance/ry toge!r s9ce ! days ( ,noah6 ,by ! contrivance ( mak+ !m prop]ty1 has ,god alone giv5 !m ! protection :i* #djjj ye>s ( s9k+ degradation dem&1 9 an upw>d movem5t t[>ds _! physical1 m5tal1 & moral improvem5t1 _! rational happ9ess on e>?1 & _! hopes ( heav54 ,:at1 ,god's ag5t 9 ?is matt] a robb] ( !m6 ,let u assure ! disciples ( ,dr4 ,*ann+ t !re are ?\s&s ( slaves too acute obs]v]s ( tru? to come to su* a conclusion2 :o1 al?\gh f human frailty !y may sometimes seem to suff] an occasional or griev\s wrong1 c yet give good reason 9 pro( t slav]y is _! only safety4 ,let u ca/ ! m9d back to a p]iod ( five hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,a ,*ri/ian %ip1 int5t on new discov]ies1 l&s on ! ,african coa/4 ,! petty *iefta9 !re1 is & ab\t to sacrifice a numb] ( 8 slaves1 ei!r to appease ! manes ( 8 ance/or1 to propitiate 8 gods1 or to gratify 8 appetite by fea/+4 ,pres5ts h be5 made to ! natives2 x is ?\ght _! fri5d%ip is secur$2 ! ,*ri/ians are invit$ to ! fte1 ! p>ticipants are collect$1 ! victims br\ght =w>d1 & ! club uplift$ = ! bl[4 ,! ,*ri/ians1 /ruck ) surprise1 or excit$ by horror1 remon/rate ) ! *ief2 to :i* he sull5ly replies3 8,yond] my goats1 my village1 all ar\nd my doma92 ^! are my slaves60 mean+ t1 by ! morals & laws t h f "t immemorial prevail$ !re1 8 rights are absolute2 t he feels x z h>mless to kill a slave z a goat1 or dwell 9 8 village4 ,b ! clo?+ ( ! ,*ri/ian is pres5t$1 ! vi&s ( art are (f]$1 ! food ( civilization is ta/$1 ! cupidity ( ! savage is tempt$1 & ! fte celebrat$ ?r\gh a novel & m valuable (f]+4 ,:at1 ^! ,*ri/ians1 :o h b\ght ^! slaves1 robb]s6 ,let u look back to ! days ( ! h\se ( ,saul1 :51 p]haps1 ,david1 hid+ himself f 8 face amid ! villages ( ,ammon1 *anc$ ^u ! ance/ors ( ,naamah1 ! "m ( ,rehoboam1 a lat] k+ ( ,israel4 ,f9d+ !m ab\t to sacrifice a *ild ^u ! alt> ( ,molo*1 8,/ay ?y h&60 says ! son ( ,jesse2 8,i h a message to !e f ! ,god ( ,israel2 deliv] me ! *ild = ^! ?irty pieces ( silv]60 ,&1 accord+ to ! law ( ! ,god ( 8 fa!rs1 x becomes 8 8bond-man = ev]40 ,:at1 0 ,david a robb] 9 all ?is8 ,suppose ! *ild to h be5 sold1 resold1 & sold aga91 is ! "* ( ! own] *ang$ !reby8 ,b x is conc]n+ ! rights ( ! desc5dants ( ^! slaves t we h n[ to inquire4 ,see ,luke xvii4 #g-aj3 8#g4 ,b :i* ( y hav+ a s]vant 71 slave7 pl\gh+ or fe$+ cattle1 w say unto him by & by1 :5 he has come f ! field1 ,g1 & sit d[n to meat8 8#h4 ,& w n r say unto him1 ,make ready :]e) ,i may sup1 & gird ?yself1 & s]ve me1 till ,i h eat5 & drunk5 & aft]w>ds ?\ %alt eat & dr9k8 8#i4 ,do? he ?ank t s]vant 71 slave7 because he did ! ?+s t 7 comm&$ him8 ,i tr[ n4 8#aj4 ,s likewise ye1 :5 ye h done all ^? ?+s :i* are comm&$ y1 say1 ,we are unpr(itable s]vants3 we h done t :i* 0 our duty to d40 ,suppose a proprietor1 9 any c\ntry or at any age1 receives into 8 employm5t an individual1 :o !reaft] resides & has a family ^u 8 e/ate3 ^u ! dea? ( ! individual1 w 8 heirs accrue to any ( ! rights ( ! proprietor1 o!r ?an ^? grant$1 or ^? consequ5t to _! own or _! ance/or's condition1 or ^? t may accrue by op]ation ( law8 ,:]e is ! political enactm5t1 ! moral precept1 ! ,div9e comm&1 tea*+ an adv]se doctr9e8 ,be=e we close our view ( ,dr4 ,*ann+'s second proposition1 we design to notice 8 use ( ! ^w 8nature40 ,he says1 t man has rights1 gifts ( ,god1 insep>able f human 8nature40 ,we confess t we are some:at at a loss to det]m9e ! precise idea ! doctor affixes to ?is t]m4 ,! phrase 8human nature0 is 9 mo/ frequ5t use ?r\gh ^! volumes4 ,b 9 vol4 i4 page #gd1 he says--8,great p[]s1 ev5 9 _! p]v]sion1 atte/ a glori\s nature40 ,page #gg3 8,! inf9ite mat]ials ( illu/ration :i* nature & life af=d40 ,page #hb3 8,to reg>d despotism z a law ( nature40 ,page #hd3 8,8 sup]iority to nature1 z well z to human opposition40 ,page #ie3 8,we w inquire into ! nature & fitness ( ! measures40 ,page #ih3 8,! fir/ object 9 education naturally 0 to fit him = ! field40 ,page #aaj3 8,f ! pr9ciples ( our nature40 ,page #aaa3 8,nature & ! human w 7 to b5d to 8 p[]40 ,idem3 8,he want$ ! s5tim5t ( a common nature ) 8 fell[-be+s40 ,page #aab3 8,) p[]s :i* might h made him a glori\s repres5tative & m9i/] ( ! b5efic5t ,div9ity1 & ) natural s5sibilities40 ,page #aai3 8,traces out ! g5]al & all-compreh5d+ laws ( nature40 ,page #adc3 8,a p[] :i* robs m5 ( ! free use ( _! nature10 c4 ,page #adf3 8,its effici5cy resembles t ( d>kness & cold 9 ! natural _w40 ,page #ahd3 8,^: writ+s seem to be natural brea?+s ( ! s\l40 ,page #ahi3 8,language l ?is has l$ m5 to v injuri\s modes ( reg>d+ !mselves1 & _! own nature40 ,idem3 8,a man :5 told p]petually to crucify himself1 is apt to include "u ?is ^w 8 :ole nature40 ,idem3 8,m5 err 9 no?+ m ?an 9 disp>ag+ & wrong+ _! own nature40 ,idem3 8,if we fir/ reg>d man's highe/ nature40 ,page #aij3 8,we believe t ! human m9d is ak9 to t intellectual en]gy1 :i* gave bir? to nature40 ,idem3 8,tak+ human nature z consi/+ ( a body z well z m9d1 z includ+ animal desire10 c4 ,idem3 8,we believe t he 9 :om ! physical nature is unfold$40 ,page #aia3 8,b excess is n ess5tial to self-reg>d1 & ?is pr9ciple ( our nature is ! la/ :i* c\ld be sp>$40 ,page #aib3 8,x is ! great appo9t$ trial ( our moral nature40 ,page #aic3 8,our nature has o!r elem5ts or con/itu5ts1 & va/ly high] ones40 ,idem3 8,= tru?1 :i* is its object1 is ( a univ]sal1 imp>tial nature40 ,page #aif3 8,is ! mo/ signal pro( ( a high] nature :i* c be giv540 ,idem3 8,x is a sov]eignty wor? m ?an t ov] outw>d nature40 ,idem3 8,its great end is to give lib]ty & en]gy to our nature40 ,page #aih3 8,our moral1 intellectual1 immortal nature we _c rememb] too mu*40 ,page #bjj3 8,! moral nature ( religion40 ,page #bjb3 8,we ev5 ?9k t our love ( nature40 ,idem3 8,= ! h>monies ( nature are only 8 wisdom made visible40 ,page #bjc3 8,t progress 9 tru? is ! pa? ( nature40 ,page #baa3 8,x has ! lib]ality & munific5ce ( nature1 :i* n only produces ! necess>y root & gra91 b p\rs =? fruits & fl[]s4 ,x has ! v>iety & bold contra/s ( nature40 ,idem3 8,! beautiful & ! sup]ficial seem to be naturally conjo9$40 ,page #bab3 8,& by a law ( 8 nature40 ,page #bac3 8,^! gloomy & appall+ features ( our nature40 ,page #bae3 8,^! conflicts betwe5 ! passions & ! moral nature40 99 99 99 99 99 ,we regret t s em95t & accurate a s*ol>1 & s influ5tial a man1 %\ld h fall5 into su* an indef9ite & confus$ use ( any portion ( our language4 ,if we mi/ake n1 x w require m ?an usual reflection = ! m9d to det]m9e :at idea is pres5t$ by its use 9 ! mo/ ( ^! in/ances4 ,we "k t "s use ?is ^w s vaguely1 t if requir$ to expla9 ! idea !y wi%$ to convey by x1 !y w\ld be unable to d s4 ,b !re are ^? f :om we expect a bett] use ( language4 ,_m ,engli% read]s pass ov] su* s5t5ces )\t /opp+ to ?9k :at are ! di/9ct ideas ( ! writ]4 ,!re are1 9 our language1 a few words us$ 9 our conv]sational dialect1 z if especially int5d$ = ! speak]'s aid :5 he only _h a confus$ idea1 or p]haps none at all1 ( :at he design$ to say2 & we extremely regret t words1 to u ( s important mean+1 z nature & consci5ce1 %\ld be f\nd among t class4 ,! tea*] ( !ology & morals %\ld surely be c>eful n to lead 8 pupils into error4 ,might n ! unskill$ inquir] inf] t nature 0 a sub/antive exi/5ce1 tak+ rank some:]e betwe5 man & ! ,deity8 ,& :at w\ld be 8 notion1 d]iv$ f su* use ( ! t]m1 ( its (fices1 ( its influ5ce on1 & man's relation ) x8 ,:at is our notion z to ! def9ite idea ^! passages convey8 8,man has rights1 gifts ( ,god1 insep>able f human nature1 ( :i* slav]y is ! infraction40 ,by 8human nature10 z "h us$1 we und]/& ! condition or /ate ( be+ a man 9 a g5]al s5se4 ,our inf]5ce is1 !n1 t ,god has giv5 man rights1 t is1 all m5 ! same rights1 :i* are insep>able f 8 /ate ( be+ a man2 consequ5tly1 if by any means ^! rights are tak5 f him1 !n 8 /ate ( be+ a man is *ang$1 or ceases to exi/2 & s9ce slav]y breaks ^! rights1 !re=e a slave is n a man4 ,b ! fact we f9d to be t ! slave is1 nev]!less1 a man2 & h5ce x foll[s t ^! rights 7 n insep>able f 8 /ate ( be+ a man1 or t he _h n ! rights4 ,if slav]y is s9ful because x infr+es ! rights ( man1 !n any o!r ?+ is also s9ful :i* infr+es !m4 ,w ! disciples ( ,dr4 ,*ann+ d5y t ^! rights are infr+$ by ! con/itution ( ! civil gov]nm5t8 ,! law gives p>5ts ! "r to gov]n1 comm&1 & re/ra9 m9or *ildr52 to inflict puni%m5t = _! disob$i5ce4 ,is p>5tal au?ority a s98 ,gov]nm5t1 9 e =m1 is f\nd to deprive females ( a l>ge proportion ( ! rights :i* m5 possess4 ,:5 m>ri$1 _! rights are :olly absorb$ 9 ! rights ( ! husb&4 ,?is mu/ be v s9ful6 ,idiots h no rights4 ,9 reality1 ! v idea ( rights vani%es away ) ! p[] to ex]cise !m4 ,b 9 a /ate ( civil gov]nm5t1 x is a m]e "q ( exp$i5cy h[ p]sonal rights %all be adju/$2 :i* is v manife/1 if we look at ! diff]5t con/itutions ( gov]nm5t n[ 9 ! _w4 ,9 "o1 m5 :o foll[ c]ta9 occupations h c]ta9 rights z a consequ5ce4 ,m5 :o are f\nd guilty ( c]ta9 brea*es ( ! law lose a portion or all _! rights4 ,! presid5t ( our s5ate loses ! "r to vote1 except "u condition2 & we agree t a m]e majority %all rule4 ,?us =ty-n9e ( ! hundr$ cease to f9d _! rights available4 ,!y mu/ submit4 ,man1 z a memb] ( civil society1 is only a small fraction ( an unit1 & has no "r to ex]cise a "r uncon=mably to ! expression ( ! s5se ( ! g5]al good4 ,man has no "r to live indep5d5t ( 8 fell[-man1 l a plant or a tree2 consequ5tly1 8 rights mu/ be det]m9$ & b\nd$ by ! g5]al welf>e4 ,dr4 ,*ann+ ceases to be enlight5$ by moral sci5ce :5 he ann\nces t1 because a man is 8consci\s ( duty10 !re=e1 :at he may ?9k 8 "r _c be affect$ by o!rs 8)\t crime40 ,s rev]se may be ! fact1 t x may be a crime 9 him to claim ! "r 8 consci\s duty may sugge/4 ,man _c be said to be 9 possession ( all ?+s t he1 or su* !ori/s1 may deem 8 rights only 9 a monocratic /ate4 ,b h[ w he reta9 !m8 ,= !n1 s f> z he %all h int]c\rse ) o!rs1 e ?+ w come to be decid$ by ! law ( might2 s t1 in/ead ( ga9+1 he w lose all rights4 ,b suppose him to live )\t int]c\rse2 :at is a nak$1 ab/ract "r1 t yields him no?+ above ! brute8 ,god nev] made a man = su* a /ate ( life2 because x at once includes rebellion to 8 gov]nm5t2 &1 !re=e1 its e movem5t w be to retrograde4 ,w ! disciples ( ,dr4 ,*ann+ be surpris$ to f9d t ! only m$ic9e ,god has prep>$ = su* a loa?some moral disease z w !n be develop$1 is slav]y to a high] ord] ( m58 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,vi4 ,dr4 ,*ann+'s ?ird position is to (f] explanations to prev5t misapplication ( ! pr9ciples pres5t$ 9 8 fir/ two propositions4 ,vol4 ii4 page #ea1 he says--8,sympa?y ) ! slave has (t5 deg5]at$ into inju/ice t[>ds ! ma/]40 ,we fully agree ) him2 & we also admit 8t ! consci5ces ( m5 are (t5 d>k5$ by education40 ,?is %ort *apt] is evid5tly writt5 9 a _s ( conciliation1 & conta9s _m tru?s eloqu5tly told2 yet1 he f9ally grasps 8 doctr9es1 & repeats 8 elucidations4 ,8 f\r? position is1 8,to unfold ! evils ( slav]y40 ,he says ! fir/ great evil is ! debasem5t ( ! slave4 ,page #fj3 8,?is ^w1 7slave17 borr[$ f 8 condition1 expresses ! ru9 wr\ght by slav]y )9 him4 99 99 99 ,to be an in/rum5t ( ! physical1 mat]ial good ( ano!r1 ^: w is 8 highe/ law1 he is taught to reg>d z ! great purpose ( 8 be+4 ,"h lies ! evil ( slav]y4 ,its :ips1 imprisonm5t1 & ev5 ! horrors ( ! middle passage f ,africa to ,am]ica1 ^! are n to be nam$ 9 comp>ison ) ?is ext9ction ( ! prop] consci\sness ( a human be+1 ) ! degradation ( a man into a brute40 ,if x be a fact t ! debasem5t ( ! negro race has be5 br\ght ab\t by _! hav+ be5 made slaves 9 ,am]ica2 !n x w be a v /rong argum5t1 we are will+ to ackn[l$ge1 an insurm\ntable "o1 aga9/ ! in/itution4 ,t ,dr4 ,*ann+ ?9ks su* to be ! fact1 we h no d\bt2 = we _c a mom5t admit t he w\ld ass]t :at he did n believe 0 true4 ,b 8! consci5ces ( m5 are (t5 d>k5$ by education40 ,we hold t ! ass]tion is capable ( pro(1 t ! debasem5t ( ! race 0 ! moral1 ! necess>y effect ( a long c\rse ( s92 & t1 in/ead ( slav]y produc+ ! debasem5t1 ! fact is1 ! debasem5t produc$ ! slav]y2 or1 9 o!r words1 slav]y is ! moral1 ! necess>y effect ( ! debasem5t4 ,! lead+ object1 ?r\gh all our /udies1 is ! elucidation ( ! fact1 t s9 has a poison\s effect ^u ! moral1 m5tal1 & physical man1 t is 9 con/ant action 9 ! direction ( det]ioration1 debasem5t1 ru91 dea?4 ,su* we tea* to be ! doctr9e ( ! holy books1 spread ?r\gh ! :ole volume1 elucidat$ ^u e page2 t slav]y1 l a savi\r1 /eps 9 ^u ?is desc5d+ road1 arre/+ ! d[nw>d progress1 ! rapid fall to f9al1 to unalt]able ru9 & dea?4 8,if 8 *ildr5 =sake my law1 & walk n 9 my judgm5ts2 if !y break my /atutes1 & keep n my comm&m5ts1--!n w ,i visit _! transgressions ) ! rod1 & _! iniquity ) /ripes40 ,ps4 lxxxix4 #cj-cb4 8,a righte\s man hate? ly+3 b a wick$ man is loa?some1 & come? to %ame40 ,prov4 xiii4 #e4 8,?\ turne/ man to de/ruction2 & saye/1 return1 ye *ildr5 ( m540 ,ps4 xc4 #c4 8,i h !re=e deliv]$ unto ! mighty "o ( ! hea!n2 he %all surely deal ) him3 ,i h driv5 him out = 8 wick$ness40 ,ezek4 xxxi4 #aa4 8,& ,i w sell y\r sons & y\r daught]s into ! h&s ( ! *ildr5 ( ,judah1 & !y %all sell !m to ! ,sabeans1 to a p f> (f2 = ! ,"l ha? spok5 x40 ,joel iii4 #h4 8,nev]!less !y %all be 8 s]vants 7 slaves71 t !y may "k my s]vice 71 & ! s]vice 71 slav]y7 ( ! k+doms ( ! c\ntries40 #b ,*ron4 xii4 #h4 8,! %[ ( _! c\nt5ance do? witness aga9/ !m2 & !y decl>e _! s9 z ,sodom1 !y hide x n4 ,wo unto _! s\l6 = !y h rew>d$ evil unto !mselves40 ,isa4 iii4 #i4 8,!re=e my p are gone into captivity1 because !y h no k2 & _! hon\rable m5 are fami%$1 & _! multitude dri$ up ) ?ir/40 8,& ! mean man %all be br\ght d[n1 & ! mighty man %all be humbl$1 & ! eyes ( ! l(ty %all be humbl$3 b ! ,"l ( ho/s %all be exalt$ 9 judgm5t1 & ,god t is holy %all be sanctifi$ 9 righte\sness40 ,isa4 v4 #ac1 #ae1 #af4 ,dr4 ,*ann+'s book be=e u goes on to specify ?is debasem5t z to ! intellect2 its influ5ce on ! dome/ic relations2 h[ x 8produces & gives lic5se to cruelty40 ,! fact t debasem5t rea*es all ^! po9ts1 we agree to2 nay1 fur!r1 t x rea*es to e act & ?\ght4 ,b we ref] all ^! displays ( debasem5t to ! result ( ! degradation1 ( :i* slav]y is only ! moral1 ! natural consequ5ce4 ,if we f9d a man debas$ z to "o ?+1 x is 9 con=mity ) ! common s5se ( mank9d to expect to f9d him debas$ z to ano!r4 ,*ann+1 pp4 #gh1 #gi4 8,i proce$ to ano!r view ( ! evils ( slav]y4 ,i ref] to its influ5ce on ! ma/]4 99 99 99 ,i pass ov] _m views4 99 99 99 ,i w conf9e myself to two consid]ations4 ,! fir/ is1 t slav]y1 above all o!r influ5ces1 n\ri%es ! passion = p[] & its k9dr$ vices4 ,!re is no passion :i* ne$s a /rong] curb4 ,m5's wor/ crimes h sprung f ! desire ( be+ ma/]s1 ( b5d+ o!rs to _! yoke40 ,x is to be lam5t$ t man is s prone to s92 t he is n m undeviat+ 9 ! pa?s ( virtue1 ( goodness1 ( p]fection4 ,! *>ge made by ,dr4 ,*ann+ 9 ! passage quot$1 we are sorry to ackn[l$ge1 is too true4 ,b s f> z we h any k ( ! hi/ory ( man1 ev5 9 ! abs5ce ( slav]y1 ! "t has nev] be5 :5 ! passion = p[] & its k9dr$ vices did n f9d suffici5t food = _! n\ri%m5t4 ,! evil passions allud$ to are n s p>ticul> z to _! food b t1 if !y d n f9d a *oice ?+ to n\ri% !mselves on1 !y w fe$ & n\ri% !mselves on ano!r4 ,x1 p]haps1 w\ld n be difficult to %[ t ! love ( p[] & its k9dr$ vices fir/ op]at$ to br+ on u 8all our wo20 /imulat$ ,ca9 to kill ,abel2 9 fact1 has be5 9 mo/ p[]ful action among ^? causes t h introduc$ slav]y to ! _w4 ,slav]y gave no bir? to ^! passions4 ,!y drove ,nebu*adnezz> f 8 ?rone d[n to ! degradation ( ! brute4 8,is n ?is great ,babylon t ,i h built = ! h\se ( ! k+dom1 by ! might ( my p[]1 & = ! hon\r ( my maje/y80 ,dan4 iv4 #ab4 ,he _h great p[]1 great weal?1 &1 x is true1 he _h great possessions 9 slaves4 ,! prophet und]/ood 8 case1 & spoke pla9ly4 ,if 8 own+ ?\s&s ( slaves m]ely _h nurs$ 9 him a =getfulness ( ,god1 ! se] w\ld n h hesitat$ s to in=m him4 ,great prosp]ity 9 ! affairs ( ! _w 9 8 case1 z 9 "s o!rs ( a some:at lat] day1 s puff$ him up t he =got :o he 04 ,! own+ ( slaves may puff up a silly intellect--d\btless1 (t5 does2 b ! same intellect w\ld be m likely to be puff$ up by a comm& ( a m elevat$ grade1 z (fic]s ( gov]nm5t1 or1 ev5 9 private life1 by ! control ( sup]ior am\nts ( weal?2 or ev5 by ! conceit ( possess+ a great sup]iority ( intellect4 ,d\btless1 ! disciples ( ,dr4 ,*ann+ w agree t abundant in/ances ( su* tumidity might be f\nd 9 any c\ntry1 ev5 among ^? :o nev] own$ a slave4 ,x may be a fact1 t1 to "s1 ! hav+ control ov] & own+ a slave h a great] t5d5cy to produce ! effect ( puff+ up ! own] ?an w\ld 8 value 9 money or o!r prop]ty2 because x may be a fact t a giv5 am\nt 9 "o k9d ( prop]ty may possess su* t5d5cy to a great] ext5t ?an ano!r4 ,b ! tru? probably is1 t "o man w\ld be ! mo/ puff$ up by "o ?+1 & ano!r man by ano!r4 ,we agree t be+ ?us puff$ up is a s92 t x leads to consequ5ces extremely ru9\s1 & (t5 fatal4 ,v small m5 are also liable to ! disease1 & !y sometimes take x f v slight causes4 ,x is true1 8!re is no passion t ne$s a /rong] curb40 ,:at we cont5d is1 t x is n a necess>y consequ5ce ( own+ slaves1 any m ?an x is ( own+ any o!r prop]ty1 or ( possess+ any o!r comm& ( m52 & t s f> z x is an argum5t aga9/ own+ slaves1 x is also an argum5t aga9/ own+ any o!r prop]ty1 or ( hav+ any o!r control1 or ( possess+ any o!r comm& among m54 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,vii4 ,dr4 ,*ann+ cont9ues 8 view ( ! evils ( slav]y1 & says1 p4 #hj1 #ha-- 8,i approa* a m delicate subject1 & "o on :i* ,i %all n enl>ge4 ,to own ! p]sons ( o!rs1 to hold females 9 slav]y1 is necess>ily fatal to ! purity ( a p3 t unprotect$ females1 /ripp$ by _! degrad$ condition ( woman's self-respect1 %\ld be us$ to m9i/] to o!r passions 9 man ?an ! love ( ga91 is next to inevitable4 ,accord+ly1 9 su* a community1 ! re9s are giv5 to y\?ful lic5ti\sness4 ,y\?1 ev]y:]e 9 p]il1 is1 9 ^! circum/ances1 urg$ to vice ) a t]rible p[]4 ,& ! evil _c /op at y\?4 ,e>ly lic5ti\sness is fruitful ( crime 9 mature life4 ,h[ f> ! obligation to conjugal fidelity1 ! sacr$ness ( dome/ic ties1 w be rev]$ amid su* habits1 su* temptations1 su* facilities to vice z are involv$ 9 slav]y1 ne$s no exposition4 ,s sure & t]rible is retribution ev5 9 ?is life6 ,dome/ic happ9ess is n blight$ 9 ! slave's hut alone4 ,! ma/]'s infidelity %$s a blight ov] 8 own dome/ic affections & joys4 ,home1 )\t purity & con/ancy1 is spoil$ ( its holie/ *>m & mo/ bless$ influ5ces4 ,i ne$ n say1 aft] ! prec$+ explanations1 t ?is corruption is f> f be+ univ]sal4 ,/ill1 a slave-c\ntry reeks ) lic5ti\sness4 ,x is ta9t$ ) a deadli] pe/il5ce ?an ! plague4 8,b ! wor/ is n told4 ,z a consequ5ce ( crim9al connections1 _m a ma/] has *ildr5 born into slav]y4 ,( ^!1 mo/1 ,i presume1 receive protection1 p]haps indulg5ce1 dur+ ! life ( ! fa!rs2 b at _! dea?1 n a few are left to ! *ances ( a cruel bondage4 ,^! cases mu/ h increas$ s9ce ! difficulties ( emancipation h be5 multipli$4 ,/ill m1 x is to be fe>$ t !re are cases 9 :i* ! ma/] puts 8 own *ildr5 "u ! :ip ( ! ov]se]1 or sells !m to und]go ! mis]ies ( a bondage among /rang]s4 8,i %\ld rejoice to le>n t my impressions on ?is po9t are false4 ,if !y be true1 !n our own c\ntry1 call+ itself enlight5$ & ,*ri/ian1 is defil$ ) "o ( ! greate/ enormities on e>?4 ,we s5d mission>ies to hea!n l&s4 ,among ! pollutions ( hea!nism1 ,i "k no?+ worse ?an ?is4 ,! hea!n :o fea/s on 8 c\ntry's foe1 may hold up 8 head by ! side ( ! ,*ri/ian :o sells 8 *ild = ga91 sells him to be a slave4 ,god =bid t ,i %\ld *>ge ?is crime to a p6 ,b1 h[ev] r>ely x may occur1 x is a fruit ( slav]y1 an ex]cise ( p[] belong+ to slav]y1 & no laws re/ra9 or puni% x4 ,su* are ! evils :i* spr+ naturally f ! lic5ti\sness g5]at$ by slav]y40 ,! own] ( slaves :o acts 9 con=mity to ! =ego+ picture1 to our m9d displays pro(s ( v great debasem5t1 & 8 (fspr+1 /a9$ ) ! blood ( ,ham1 we %\ld deem mo/ likely to be q fit subjects ( slav]y3 we _c !re=e regret t ! laws d n puni% nor re/ra9 him f sell+ !m z slaves2 we %\ld r regret t ! laws did n compel him to g ) !m4 ,t !re are in/ances 9 ! ,slave ,/ates :]e ! own] ( female slaves cohabits ) !m1 & has (fspr+ by !m1 is true4 ,!re may be in/ances :]e su* p>5t has sold !m into slav]y1--!y1 9 law1 be+ 8 slaves2 yet we av] we h nev] kn[n an in/ance 9 :i* x has be5 done4 ,t su* (fspr+ h be5 sold z slaves1 by ! op]ation ( law1 mu/ c]ta9ly be ackn[l$g$2 & t su* in/ances h be5 m frequ5t s9ce ! action ( ! abolitioni/s has ar\s$ ! ,slave ,/ates to a s5se ( _! dang]1 & !reby caus$ ! laws to be m /r+5t on ! subject ( emancipation1 is also true4 ,& are y1 ye agitators ( ! slave "q1 will+ to ackn[l$ge ?is fact8 ,& t y\r conduct--ev5 y y\rselves--are ev5 n[ ! cause1 "u ,god1 ( ! pres5t condition ( slav]y1 :i* _m su* p]sons n[ endure8 ,is n he :o places ! ob/ruction on ! highway1 :]eby ! travell] is plung$ 9 dea?1 ! guilty "o8 ,9 :at light1 ?9k ye1 mu/ ?is class ( slaves view y & y\r conduct8 ,b we wi% n to upbraid y4 ,if y are ignorant1 words are useless4 ,if y are hone/ m5 & "k ! tru?1 we pref] to leave y 9 ! h&s ( ,god & y\r own consci5ce4 ,we hold t cohabitation ) ! blacks1 on ! "p ( ! :ites1 is a great s91 & is pro( ( a great moral debasem5t2 nor w we say b t ! cons]vative influ5ces ( ,god's provid5ce may h mov$ ! abolitioni/s to ! action ( = ev] plac+ a b> to ! emancipation ( ?is class ( slaves1 su* col\r$ (fspr+1 9 ord] t ! enormity ( ! s9 ( su* cohabitation may be br\ght home1 9 a m lively s5se1 to ! m9ds ( _! debas$ p>5ts4 8,i saw ! ,"l sitt+ ^u 8 ?rone1 & ! ho/ ( heav5 /&+ on 8 "r h& & on 8 left4 8,& ! ,"l said1 ,:o w entice ,ahab1 k+ ( ,israel1 t he may g up & fall at ,ramo? ,gilead8 ,& "o spake aft] ?is mann]1 & ano!r say+ aft] t mann]4 8,!n !re came out a _s1 & /ood be=e ! ,"l1 & said1 ,i w entice him2 & ! ,"l said unto him1 ,:]e)8 8,& he said1 ,i w g out & be a ly+ _s 9 ! m\? ( all 8 prophets4 ,& ! ,"l said1 ,?\ %alt entice him40 #b ,*ron4 xviii4 #ah-ba2 #a ,k+s1 xxii4 #ai4 ,we wi% to /ate a fact :i* may n be g5]ally kn[n to ! disciples ( ,dr4 ,*ann+3 we speak ( ,l\isiana1 :]e we live4 ,"h is a float+ population1 emigrants f all p>ts ( ! _w1 especially f free c\ntries & /ates1 ne>ly or q equal 9 numb] to ! native-born citiz5s :o h be5 rais$ up & gr[n to maturity amid slaves or z ! own]s ( slaves4 ,if ! cohabitation compla9$ ( is at all indicat$ by ! mix$-blood$ (fspr+1 !n ! pro( ( ?is cohabitation w be f> ov]balanc+ on ! side ( ?is float+ population4 ,b aga91 !re are in/ances :]e an individual f ?is class1 :o ?us cohabits ) "s ma/]'s slave1 & has (fspr+1 &1 succe$+ 9 "s bus9ess1 buys h]1 probably ) ! int5tion ( emancipation2 b1 z he becomes a proprietor & fix$ citiz51 procra/9ation /eals ^u him1 & he f9ds himself en?rall$ by a col\r$ family = life4 ,let ! numb] ( ^! in/ances be comp>$ ) ^? :]e ! del9qu5ts h be5 habituat$1 f ! e>lie/ y\?1 to ! incid5ts ( slav]y1 & ! =m] class is f\nd to be entitl$ to ! same pre-em95ce4 ,f ?is class also !re are in/ances :]e ! :ite man1 s cohabit+ ) ! slave :om he has pur*as$ = ! purpose ( emancipation1 s5ds h] & 8 (fspr+ to "s free ,/ate1 (t5 to ,c9c9nati1 ! ,moab ( ! ,s\?6 8,let m9e outca/s dwell ) !e1 ,moab40 ,isa4 xvi4 #d4 ,let su* in/ances z ?is la/ nam$ be contra/$ ) l in/ances emanat+ f among ! native-born1 or ^? rais$ among slaves1 & ! =m] class are /ill f> 9 ! majority4 ,9 %ort1 ! fact is f\nd to be1 t ^? :o h be5 born1 rais$1 & educat$ among !m1 & z ! own]s ( slaves1 are f\nd m seldom to fall into ?is cohabitation ?an ^? :o are by *ance among slaves1 b _h n be5 educat$ f y\? among !m4 ,f> be x f u to recrim9ate4 ,our object alone1 9 pres5t+ ^! facts1 is to %[1 to give pro(1 t slav]y is n ! cause ( ! debasem5t :i* urges ! :ite man on to cohabitation ) ! negro4 ,we w ask no que/ions z to ! frequ5cy ( su* int]c\rse 9 "s ( ! l>ge ,nor!rn cities1 9 :i* blacks are num]\s z well z free1 betwe5 !m & ! debas$ ( ! :ites4 ,:at if we %\ld be told1 9 answ]1 if ! *>ge 7 e/abli%$1 t su* :ites act$ f consci5ce1 "u a s5se ( ! ess5tial equality ( ! negro ) ! :ite man1 & "u ! religi\s tea*+ ( ! advocates ( amalgamation6 ,he :o writes on & describes moral influ5ces1 mu/ be expect$ to view !m z he has be5 9 ! habit ( see+ !m manife/$4 ,we !re=e regret exce$+ly to see t ,dr4 ,*ann+ has made ! ass]tion t1 8to own ! p]sons ( o!rs1 to hold females 9 slav]y1 is necess>ily fatal to ! purity ( a p2 t unprotect$ females1 /ripp$ by _! degrad$ condition ( woman's self-respect1 %\ld be us$ to m9i/] to o!r passions 9 m5 ?an ! love ( ga91 is next to inevitable40 ,if ?is ass]tion is w>rant$ by ! moral condition ( society z display$ be=e him1 may we n f9d 9 x a solution ( ! fact1 t ^? :o h be5 re>$ up "u all ! influ5ces ( slav]y on ! ma/]1 are f> less frequ5tly f\nd to fall into ! odi\s cohabitation ) ! negro ?an are ^? :o h n4 ,h[ev]1 we h among u "s v wick$ & debas$ m51 :o own slaves1 & :o h be5 born & educat$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! influ5ces ( ! in/itution ( slav]y1 & :o yet cohabit ) _! female negroes4 ,b ! moral s5se ( ! community1 f day to day & f ye> to ye>1 m & m di/9ctly gives repro(1 m & m emphatically po9ts to su* ! f+] ( contempt & scorn1 & cont9ues to increase 9 en]gy1 express+ its loa?+ & abhorr5ce2 & all ?is is tak+ place "u ! influ5ces ( slav]y on ! ma/]4 ,d all ^! ?+s give pro( t slav]y is ! prog5itor ( ?is debasem5t1 or ! rev]se8 ,dr4 ,*ann+ 0 mi/ak52 8 m9d 0 9 error3 he sub/itut$ ! consequ5t = ! cause4 ,we deem x useless to sp5d "t or argum5t ) ^? :o w p]t9aci\sly d5y & refuse to li/5 to facts1 unless !y %all be 9 support ( _! previ\sly conceiv$ views or prejudices4 ,we are aw>e t ! num]ical proportion :i* we h ascrib$ to :at we call 8a float+ population0 may seem incr$ible to ^? 9 o!r c\ntries1 :]e ! facts are q diff]5t4 ,yet we are sure t su* e/imate is )9 ! tru?4 ,"h1 z ev]y:]e else1 ! gov]nm5t1 ! legislative p[] ( ! c\ntry1 is 9 ! h&s ( ! p]man5t & m elevat$ & weal?y classes2 9 ! h&s ( slave-own]s4 ,w\ld su* a class cons5t to laws ?r[+ difficulties 9 ! way ( emancipation1 if ! effect ( su* laws 7 to be exp5d$ on _! own (fspr+8 ,to ! m elevat$ & cultivat$ class ( community 9 any c\ntry 7& "h su* are all slave-own]s7 is to be ascrib$ ! tone ( moral feel+4 ,does any man covet = himself ! loa?+ & scorn ( community8 ,! family ( ! slave-own] is taught to reg>d ! negro z a race ( man radically inf]ior1 9 moral capacity1 9 m5tal p[]1 & ev5 9 physical ability1 to ! :ite man2 t1 al?\gh he is susceptible ( improvem5t 9 all ^! ?+s1 & ev5 does improve 9 ! /ate ( slav]y to ! :ite man1 yet t x w\ld require untold g5]ations to elevate him & 8 race to ! pres5t /&+ ( ! :ite races4 ,! *ild1 ! m]e y\?1 & ^? ( m exp]i5ce1 see pro(s ( ^! facts 9 e comp>ison4 ,! ma/] feels !m to be true1 & is taught1 t1 :ile he gov]ns ) compassion1 =be>ance1 & m]cy1 & z hav+ reg>d to _! improvem5t1 any famili>ity on t]ms ( equality1 beyond t ( comm& on 8 side1 & ob$i5ce on !irs1 is1 & mu/ be1 disgrace to him4 ,he is taught to consid] ! negro race1 f "s cause1 to h det]iorat$ to su* ext5t t 8 safety & happ9ess dem& ! control ( a sup]ior2 he reg>ds him z a man1 entitl$ to receive ! protection ( su* control2 & t he1 l e o!r man1 w be call$ to acc\nt unto ,god1 accord+ to ! tal5ts ,god has giv5 him4 ,he is taught1 by e h\r's exp]i5ce1 to "k t slav]y to ! negro is a bless+4 ,he is taught to feel x a duty to tea*1 z he w\ld an inf]ior1 ! negro 8 moral duty1 8 obligations to ,god1 ! religion ( ! ,bible1 ! gospel ( ,*ri/4 ,b ! man born & educat$ 9 ! ,free ,/ates is taught t 8he :o _c see a bro!r1 a *ild ( ,god1 a man possess+ all ! rights ( humanity1 "u a sk9 d>k] ?an 8 own1 wants ! vision ( a ,*ri/ian40 ,*ann+1 vol4 ii4 p4 #ad4 8,to recognise z bre?r5 ^? :o want all outw>d di/9ctions1 is ! *ief way 9 :i* we are to manife/ ! _s ( him :o came to raise ! fall5 & save ! lo/40 ,ibidem4 ,vol4 ii4 pp4 #bj1 #ba1 #bb1 he says--8,ano!r argum5t aga9/ prop]ty 79 slaves7 is to be f\nd 9 ! ess5tial equality ( m540 99 99 99 8,nature inde$ pays no he$ to bir? or condition 9 be/[+ h] fav\rs4 ,! noble/ spirits sometimes gr[ up 9 ! obscure/ sph]es4 ,?us equal are m52--& among ^! equals1 :o c sub/antiate 8 claim to make o!rs 8 prop]ty1 8 tools1 ! m]e in/rum5ts ( 8 private int]e/ & gratification80 99 99 99 8,is x sure t ! slave1 or ! slave's *ild1 may n surpass 8 ma/] 9 intellectual en]gy1 or 9 moral wor?8 ,has nature conf]r$ di/9ctions1 :i* tell u pla9ly :o %all be own]s & :o %all be own$8 ,:o ( u c unblu%+ly lift up 8 head & say t ,god has writt5 #8ma/]' !re8 ,or :o c %[ ! ^w #8slave' engrav5 on 8 bro!r's br[8 ,! equality ( nature makes slav]y a wrong40 ,may we aid ! disciples ( ,dr4 ,*ann+ by ref]r+ !m to ,prov4 xvii4 #b1 8,a wise s]vant 7 eb$1 slave7 %all h rule ov] a son t cause? %ame1 & %all h "p ( ! inh]itance among ! bre?r580 ,& w ! doctor & 8 disciples believe ! prov]b any ! m true1 :5 we in=m !m t x is a matt] ( frequ5t occurr5ce 9 slave-hold+ communities4 ,vol4 v4 p4 #hi1 #ij1 he says--8,b we h n yet t\*$ ! great cause ( ! conflagration ( ! ,hall ( ,fre$om4 ,some?+ worse ?an fanaticism or sep>ation ( ! ,union 0 ! impulse to ?is viol5ce4 ,we are told t :ite p & black sat toge!r on ! b5*es ( ! hall1 & 7 ev5 se5 walk+ toge!r 9 ! /reets6 ,?is 0 ! unhe>d-( atrocity :i* ! virtues ( ! p ( ,philadelphia c\ld n endure4 ,!y might h borne ! dissolution ( ! national tie2 b ?is junction ( black & :ite 0 too mu* = human pati5ce to su/a94 ,& has x inde$ come to ?is8 ,= su* a cause are mobs & fires to be let loose on our p]sons & mo/ co/ly build+s8 ,:at6 ,has n an ,am]ican citiz5 a "r to sit & walk ) :om he w8 ,is ?is common privilege d5i$ u8 ,is society au?oriz$ to *oose our associates8 ,mu/ our neighb\r's ta/es z to fri5d%ip & companion%ip control our own8 ,h ! feudal times come back to u1 :5 to break ! law ( ca/e 0 a great] crime ?an to violate ! laws ( ,god8 ,:at mu/ ,europe h ?\ght1 :5 ! news cross$ ! ocean ( ! burn+ ( ! ,hall ( ,fre$om1 because :ite & col\r$ p walk$ toge!r 9 ! /reets8 8,europe might well op5 its eyes 9 wond]4 ,on t cont95t1 ) all its ari/ocracy1 ! col\r$ man mixes freely ) 8 fell[-creatures4 ,he sometimes receives ! c\nt5ance ( ! ri*1 & has ev5 f\nd 8 way into ! palaces ( ! great4 ,9 ,europe1 ! doctr9e w\ld be ?\ght to be too absurd = refutation1 t a col\r$ man ( pure morals & piety1 ( cultivat$ intellect & ref9$ mann]s1 0 n a fit companion = ! be/ 9 ! l&4 ,:at mu/ ,europe h said1 :5 br\ght to und]/& t1 9 a republic1 f\nd$ on ! pr9ciples ( human rights & equality1 p are plac$ beyond ! laws = treat+ ! ,african z a man4 ,?is ,philadelphia doctr9e des]ves no m]cy4 ,:at an insult is ?r[n on human nature1 9 mak+ x a he9\s crime to sit or walk ) a human be+1 :oev] x may be8 ,x j occurs to me1 t ,i h =gott5 ! circum/ance :i* fill$ to ov]fl[+ ! cup ( abolitioni/ wick$ness 9 ,philadelphia4 ,! great (f5ce 0 ?is1 t c]ta9 "y wom5 ( anti-slav]y fai? 7 se5 to walk ! /reets ) col\r$ "y m560 ,su* are ! lessons taught ! y\? z well z ! ag$ ( ! ,free ,/ates1 ev5 by ,dr4 ,*ann+ himself4 ,we n[ ask1 "u ! tea*+s ( :i* s*ool w ! pupils be ! be/ prep>$ = ?is cohabitation ) ! negro8 ,! burn+ ( ! ,hall ( ,fre$om 01 no d\bt1 a v great outrage1 well m]it+ sev]e condemnation4 ,yet we _c b notice1 t ,dr4 ,*ann+ has n[h]e1 9 all 8 works1 said "o ^w ab\t ! burn+ ( ! ,conv5t on ,m\nt ,b5$ict1 by 8 own t[nsm51 ! good p ( ,bo/on4 ,we c>e n ) :at sev]ity he puni%es su* outrages4 ,b x is ! influ5ce ( 8 lesson 9 palliat+ ! famili>ity1 & mitigat+ ! evil consequ5ces ( a coalition ( ! :ite man ) ! negro1 t we pres5t to view4 ,x is ) grief t we f9d him infus+ into 8 disciples ?is nauseat+1 disgu/+1 moral poison2 prep>+ _! m9ds to feel little or no %ame 9 a cohabitation ) ! negro1 s degrad+ to ! :ite man1 & s disgraceful 9 all ,slave ,/ates4 ,yea fur!r1 :at are we to ?9k ( ! judgm5t1 ( ! ta/e1--may we n add1 habits1 ( a man :o c\ld unblu%+ly publi% to ! _w 8 p>tiality to ! negro ( ,jamaica1 aft] 8 visit !re1 z foll[s3 8,i saw too1 on ! plantation :]e ,i resid$1 a gracefulness & dignity ( =m & motion1 r>e 9 my own native ,new ,engl&40 ,vol4 vi4 p4 #ea4 ,aga91 page #eb4 8,! ,african c\nt5ance seldom %[s t co>se1 brutal s5suality :i* is s common 9 ! face ( ! :ite man40 ,may we be p>don$ = feel+ a /rong desire1--r1 a curiosity1--to be made acqua9t$ ) ! faces ( ! :ite m5 ) :om he 0 ! mo/ famili>6 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,viii4 ,9 vol4 ii4 page #hb1 ,dr4 ,*ann+ says-- 8,i _c leave ! subject ( ! evils ( slav]y1 )\t say+ a ^w ( its political influ5ce40 ,he consid]s t 8slave lab\r is less productive ?an free40 ,?is is d\btless true2 & if s1 x proves t ! ma/] ( ! slave does n require ( him s mu* lab\r z is requir$ ( a hir$ lab\r]4 ,are ! fri5ds ( abolition angry1 because1 9 _! sympa?y = ! slave1 !y h f\nd some?+ to be pleas$ )8 ,he consid]s t 8by degrad+ ! lab\r+ population to a /ate :i* takes f !m motives to toil1 & r5d]s !m objects ( suspicion or dread10 impairs 8! ability ( a community to unfold its res\rces 9 peace1 & to def5d itself 9 w>40 ,?is proposition includes ! idea t ! ,slave ,/ates h degrad$ a portion ( _! citiz5s to a /ate ( slav]y4 ,?is is n true4 ,our ance/ors1 contr>y to _! w1 7 =c$ to receive a degrad$ race among !m1 n z citiz5s1 b slaves2--& does x foll[ n[1 t we mu/ aga9 be =c$ to make ?is degrad$ race our political equals8 ,ev5 ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t1 ) all its claim to sov]eign rule1 nev] dream$ ( impos+ on u a dem& s de/ructive to our political rights2 s blight+ to social happ9ess2 s annihilat+ to our fre$om z m52 s ext+ui%+ to our v race4 ,d ! fri5ds ( abolition deem u s /upid z n to see1 if1 ev5 :5 ! negro is 9 slav]y1 cases ( amalgamation happ51 t1 :5 he %all be elevat$ to political fre$om1 ! c\ntry w\ld1 by _! aid1 be ov]spread by x8 ,d !y ?9k t we d n see t su* a /ate ( ?+s is deg5]acy1 degradation1 ru91 worse ?an dea? to ! :ite m58 ,& w !y *ide1 if1 9 its prev5tion1 we dr5* our fields 9 our own blood 9 pref]5ce8 ,! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t urg$ ! race "h z an article ( prop]ty1 ( comm]ce & pr(it1 z !y did _! tea4 ,!y /ipulat$1 !y gu>ante$ !m to be slaves1 !y & _! po/]ity = ev]--n citiz5s6 ,on su* t]ms alone c\ld !y h be5 receiv$4 ,! ,s\? !n1 z n[1 to a man w\ld h met dea? on ! battle-field1 soon] ?an h suff]$ _! pres5ce on o!r conditions4 ,! ,briti% gov]nm5tal c\ncils1 our colonial assemblies1 our primitive inquir+ conv5tions nev] view$ !m 9 any o!r light4 ,x 0 n on _! acc\nt we s\ght = fre$om4 ,x 0 n 9 _! behalf we f\ght = lib]ty4 ,x 0 n = !m our blood ran l wat]4 ,x 0 n to e/abli% = !m political rights we broke ! ,briti% yoke1 or f\nd$ "h ?is great gov]nm5t4 ,our national synods recognis$ !m only z prop]ty2 our con/itutional *>t]1 only z slaves2 our congressional /atutes1 only z ! subjects ( _! ma/]s4 ,!re is falsity 9 ! v language t frames ! proposition :i* inculcates t ^! slaves are a portion ( population t ev] c be ju/ly entitl$ to equal political rights1 or t !y are1 or ev] 71 degrad$ by ! community among :om !y are n[ f\nd4 ,s degrad$1 bo? m5tally & physically1 is ! ,african 9 8 own native wilds1 t1 h[ev] humiliat+ to a freeman slav]y may seem1 to him x is an elevat$ s*ool2 & h[ev] dull & /upid may be 8 s*ol>%ip1 yet a few g5]ations di/9ctly m>k "s little improvem5t4 ,we _c d\bt1 "s few individuals ( ?is race h be5 s f> elevat$ 9 _! con/itutional prop5sities t !y might be well expect$ to make provid5t citiz5s2 & ! fact is1 su* g5]ally become free1 )\t ! aid ( fanaticism4 ,b :at is ! value ( a g5]al ass]tion pr$icat$ alone ^u a few exceptions8 ,"s few ( our own race give ample pro( t !y are n fit to take c>e ( !mselves3 %all we1 !re=e1 subject our :ole race to pupilage8 ,t su* a population1 su* a race ( m51 is z conducive to national gr&eur1 ei!r z to res\rces or def5ce1 z ! same numb] ( intellectual1 high-m9d$ yeomanry ( our own race might be well expect$ to be1 p]haps few cont5d2 & we pray y n to =ce u to try ! exp]im5t4 ,b if su* weakness att5d ! position 9 :i* we feel ,god has plac$ u1 :y di/ress u by its di/ortion8 ,:y torm5t our w\nd ) y\r inexp]i5c$1 & !re=e unskilful h&8 ,:y /rive ye to enrage our passions1 by con/antly twitt+ u ) :at is n our fault8 ,d y inde$ wi% to de/roy1 because y h no p[] to am5d8 ,:y1 !n1 y\r inexp]i5ce z to facts1 aid$ by misrepres5tation & sophi/ry 9 ! dige/ion ( language & s5tim5t1--& we exce$+ly regret t we c correctly say1 op5 falsehood1--z f\nd on pages #hf1 #hg8-- 8,slav]y is a /range elem5t to mix up ) free in/itutions4 ,x _c b endang] !m4 ,x is a patt]n = e k9d ( wrong4 ,! slave br+s insecurity on ! free4 ,:oev] holds "o human be+ 9 bondage1 invites o!rs to plant ! foot on 8 own neck4 ,?anks to ,god1 n "o human be+ c be wrong$ ) impunity4 ,! lib]ties ( a p ought to tremble1 until e man is free4 ,tremble !y w4 ,_! true f\ndation is sapp$ by ! legaliz$ degradation ( a s+le innoc5t man to slav]y4 ,t f\ndation is imp>tial ju/ice1 is respect = human nature1 is respect = ! rights ( e human be+4 ,i h endeav\r$ 9 ^! rem>ks to %[ ! ho/ility betwe5 slav]y & #8free in/itutions4' ,if1 h[ev]1 ,i err2 if ^! in/itutions _c /& )\t slav]y = _! f\ndation1 !n ,i say1 let !m fall4 ,!n !y ought to be buri$ 9 p]petual ru9s4 ,!n ! "n ( republicanism ought to become a by-^w & reproa* among ! nations4 ,!n mon>*y1 limit$ z x is 9 ,engl&1 is incomp>ably bett] & happi] ?an our m popul> =ms4 ,!n1 despotism1 z x exi/s 9 ,prussia1 :]e equal laws are 9 ! ma9 adm9i/]$ ) imp>tiality1 ought to be pref]r$4 ,a republican gov]nm5t1 b\ght by ! sacrifice ( half1 or m ?an half ( a p1 /ripp+ !m ( _! mo/ sacr$ rights1 by degrad+ !m to a brutal condition1 w\ld co/ too mu*4 ,a fre$om s ta9t$ ) wrong ought to be our abhorr5ce40 ,let n ! loos5ess ( ! doctor's reg>d = ! ,union surprise4 ,) him a dissolution ( ! ,union _h become a fix$ idea4 ,on pages #bcg & #bch1 he says-- 8,to me x seems n only ! "r1 b ! duty ( ! ,free ,/ates1 9 case ( ! annexation ( ,texas1 to say to ! ,slave-hold+ ,/ates1 #8,we reg>d ?is act z ! dissolution ( ! ,union4' 99 99 99 ,a pacific division 9 ! fir/ in/ance seems to me to ?reat5 less cont5tion ?an a l+]+1 fev]i% dissolution ( ! ,union1 su* z mu/ be expect$ "u ?is fatal innovation4 ,= "o1 !n1 ,i say1 t1 e>ne/ly z ,i deprecate ! sep>ation ( ^! ,/ates1 & ?\gh ?is ev5t w\ld disappo9t mo/ *]i%$ hopes = my c\ntry1 /ill ,i c\ld submit to x m readily ?an to ! reception ( ,texas into ! conf$]acy40 8,i d n desire to %>e ! responsibility or to live "u ! laws ( a gov]nm5t adopt+ su* a policy40 99 99 99 8,if ! ,s\? is b5t on incorporat+ ,texas ) itself1 z a new prop to slav]y1 x w\ld d well to insi/ on a division ( ! ,/ates4 ,x w\ld1 9 s do+1 consult be/ its own safety4 ,x %\ld /udi\sly keep itself f communion ) ! free "p ( ! c\ntry4 ,x %\ld suff] no railroad f t section to cross its bord]s4 ,x %\ld block up int]c\rse ) u by sea & l&40 ,vol4 ii4 p4 #bci4 ,we d n quote ^! passages = ! sake ( refut+ !m4 8,9 ,europe1 ! doctr9e w\ld be ?\ght too absurd = refutation40 8,:at mu/ ,europe h ?\ght :50 ^! s5tim5ts 8cross$ ! ocean40 99 99 99 8,:at mu/ ,europe h said1 :5 br\ght to und]/& t1 9 a republic f\nd$ on ! pr9ciples ( human rights & equality10--& ?is writ] ackn[l$ges ! doctr9e t 8! con/itution 0 a compromise among indep5d5t ,/ates1 & x is well kn[n t geographical relations & ! local int]e/ 7 among ! ess5tial conditions on :i* ! compromise 0 made20 & conc]n+ :i*1 he adds1 8,0 n ! con/itution f\nd$ on conditions or consid]ations :i* are ev5 m au?oritative ?an its p>ticul> provisions80 7see vol4 ii4 p4 #bcg17--8,:at mu/ ,europe h said10 :5 in=m$ t ^! s5tim5ts 7 express$ aga9/ ! "r ( ! ,s\? to hold slaves8 ,slaves1 :om %e1 h]self1 9 our *ildhood1 _h sold u8 ,:y1 %e mu/ h ?\ght t we 7 on ! eve ( a civil w>1 & t ,dr4 ,*ann+ 0 ab\t to take comm& ( an army ( abolitioni/s to compel ! ,s\? to submit to 8 t]ms6 8,europe might well op5 its eyes 9 wond]0 at su* extravagance4 8,su*10 says our au?or1 are 8! *ief evils ( slav]y20 & we are will+ to leave x to 8,europe0 to decide :e!r he has n furni%$ u ) declamation in/ead ( argum5t4 ,"u ! head1 8,evils ( ,slav]y10 he exam9es ^? consid]ations t h be5 urg$ 9 its fav\r1 or 9 mitigation1 :i* we deem unnecess>y to notice fur!r ?an to note a few passages 9 :i* !re is betwe5 u "s unity ( s5tim5t4 ,page #hi4 8,fre$om und\bt$ly has its p]ils4 ,x (f]s no?+ to ! slo?ful & dissolute4 ,among a p left to seek _! own good 9 _! own way1 "s ( all classes fail f vice1 "s f incapacity1 "s f mis=tune40 ,page #ib4 8,7 we to visit a slave-c\ntry1 und\bt$ly ! mo/ mis]able human be+s w\ld be f\nd among ! free2 = among !m ! passions h a wid] sweep1 & ! p[] !y possess may be us$ to _! own ru94 ,lib]ty is n a necessity ( happ9ess4 ,x is only a means ( good4 ,x is a tru/ t may be abus$40 ,page #ic4 8,( all races ( m51 ! ,african is ! milde/ & mo/ susceptible ( atta*m5t4 ,he loves :]e ! ,european w\ld hate4 ,he wat*es ! life ( a ma/]1 :om ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indian1 9 l circum/ances1 w\ld /ab to ! he>t40 ,! ,african may exhibit mildness & atta*m5t 9 slav]y :5 o!rs w\ld exhibit a rev]se feel+2 b x is n true t he exhibits ^! qualities z a fix$ moral pr9ciple1 result+ f intellectual conclusion4 ,page #ie4 8,no in/itution1 be x :at x may1 c make ! life ( a human be+ :olly evil1 or cut (f e means ( improvem5t40 ,idem4 8,! ,african is s affectionate1 imitative1 & docile1 t1 9 fav\rable circum/ances1 he cat*es mu* t is good2 & accord+ly ! influ5ce ( a wise & k9d ma/] w be se5 9 ! v c\nt5ance & be>+ ( 8 slaves40 ,or1 r1 we f9d traces ( ^! qualities develop$ among _! desc5dants4 ,b ! tru? is f> bel[ ?is description4 ,we _h expect$ to h receiv$ light & pleasure f ! exam9ation ( ,dr4 ,*ann+'s view ( slav]y 9 a political attitude4 ,we confess we are disappo9t$4 ,8 political view ( x is1 at lea/1 jejune4 ,to u1 x sugge/s ! sup]ior adaptation ( 8 g5ius & education to ! rhapsody ( a pray]-meet+ ?an to ! lab\rs ( a legislative hall4 ,we d\bt mu* :e!r he _h ev] arriv$ to any v cle> & g5]al view ( ! organization ( society4 ,f9d+1 "u ?is head1 v little 9 8 volumes t a politician c desc5d to enc\nt]1 we %all close our pres5t ,lesson ) a v few rem>ks4 99 99 99 99 99 ,capital & lab\r c exi/ 9 b two relations2 cong5]\s or antagoni/ic4 ,!y are nev] cong5]\s only :5 x is true t lab\r con/itutes capital1 :i* c only happ5 ?r\gh slav]y4 ,! d$uction is !n cle>1 t capital = ev] gov]ns lab\r2 & ! d$uction is also z cle>1 t1 out ( slav]y1 capital & lab\r mu/ be = ev] antagoni/ic4 ,b1 aga91 capital gov]ns lab\r1 because1 :ile capital n[ exi/s1 lab\r c possess x only by its own consumption4 ,b :5 ! two are cong5]\s1 lab\r1 z a tool1 is n urg$ to its injury1 because ! tool itself is capital2 b :5 antagoni/ic1 ! tool is urg$ to its utmo/ p[]1 because its injury1 its ru9 t\*es n ! capital4 ,h5ce1 we (t5 he> slave-lab\r is ! less productive4 ,! proposition is n affect$ by facts att5d+ him :o is said to be free1 b :o only lab\rs = 8 individual support2 because :ile he adds no?+ to ! g5]al /ock ( capital1 he yet falls )9 ! catalogue ( be+ a slave to himself3 8,! ,"l s5t him =? to till ! gr\nd10 7 la evod1 to slave ! gr\nd27 to d slave-lab\r = 8 own support2 to slave himself = 8 own subsi/5ce4 ,su* is ! fir/ degree ( slav]y to :i* s9 has subject$ all mank9d4 ,!re=e1 9 su* case1 lab\r is capital4 ,b ! v mom5t a l[] degradation =ces him to sell 8 lab\r1 capital is ! only pur*as]1 & !y at once become antagoni/ic4 ,on ! "o h&1 lab\r is seek+ = all2 on ! o!r1 capital is seek+ = all4 ,b ! capital gov]ns1 & always obta9s ! ma/]y1 & r$uces lab\r d[n to ! smalle/ pittance4 ,?us antagoni/ic are capital & lab\r1 t ! =m] is = ev] try+ to less5 ! value ( ! o!r by art1 by ma*9]y2 ?us conv]t+ ! tool ( lab\r into capital itself4 ,! political diff]5ce betwe5 ! influ5ce ( ^! two relations1 capital & lab\r1 is v great4 ,we feel surpris$ t ! sympa?ies ( ! abolitioni/s are n *ang$1 f ! mis]ies :]e capital & lab\r are decid$ly cong5]\s1 to a consid]ation ( t morass ( mis]y into :i* ! worn-out1 brok5 tools ( lab\r are ?r[n1 ) cruel he>tlessness1 :]e capital & lab\r are antagoni/ic4 ,"u ! "o sy/em1 begg>s & di/ress f want are unkn[n1 because su* ?+s _c exi/ "u su* an organization ( society4 ,b1 "u ! o!r1 paup]ism becomes a lead+ elem5t4 ,! hi/ory ( t class ( community1 9 all free c\ntries1 is a monum5t & record ( free lab\r4 ,we ask ! politician to consid] ^! facts1 :ile he se>*es ! hi/ory ( man = light 9 ! inquiry ( :at is ! mo/ tranquil1 &1 9 all its p>ts1 ! mo/ happy organization ( society4 ,"u ! head ( 8,! ,political ,influ5ce ( ,slav]y10 ,dr4 ,*ann+ has tak5 occasion to in=m u ( 8 feel+s z to ! /ability ( ?is ,union2 t he pref]s its dissolution to ! p]petuation ( slav]y2 & t he proposes a 8pacific division40 ,& :at is 8 8pacific division80 ,:y1 he says1 7if we mu/ repeat x17 8! ,s\? mu/ /udi\sly keep itself f communion ) ! ,free ,/ates2 to suff] no railroad f ! ,free ,/ates to cross its bord]2 & to block up all int]c\rse by sea & l&60 ,:y1 x is 8dea? 9 ! pot60 ,o mo/ unhappy man6 ! mo/ un=tunate ( all1 to h left su* a record ( intellectual weakness & folly beh9d6 ,b we w =be>4 ,we ?9k ,dr4 ,*ann+'s decl>ations & proposals :olly uncall$ =4 ,we regret ! exi/5ce ( su* feel+s at ! ,nor?4 ,we say feel+s1 because we are bold to say1 su* s5tim5ts are alone ! (fspr+ ( ! mo/ ignorant1 wick$1 & black-he>t$ feel+s ( ! human s\l4 ,_! v exi/5ce %[s a prep>$ness to commit treason1 p]jury1 & ! murd]s ( civil w>6 ,! disciples ( ,dr4 ,*ann+1 on ! subject ( abolitionism1 may be too /upid to p]ceive x2 = 8,evil m5 und]/& n judgm5t40 ,prov4 xxviii4 #e4 ,we regret ?is feel+ at ! ,nor? ! m deeply on ! acc\nt ( ! extraord9>y g5]ant quality ( s94 ,= x propagates1 n only its peculi> k9d1 b e mon/]1 9 e %ape1 by ! m]e e*o ( its voice6 ,w !y rememb]1 8,he t digge? a pit %all fall into x2 & :oso breake? a h$ge1 a s]p5t %all bite him40 ,or1 t1 8,x is an hon\r to cease f /rife2 b e fool w be m$dl+40 ,prov4 ,b s9ce su* feel+s d exi/1 we feel ?ankful to ,god t ! s9 ( ! initiative 9 ! dissolution ( ?is ,union is n ) ! ,slave ,/ates4 ,we "k !re are _m good m5 9 ! ,nor?4 ,mu* dep5ds on :at !y may d4 ,we believe ! union ( ^! ,/ates ne$ n--w n be disrupt$4 ,b if ! laws ( ,congress c nei!r be execut$ nor cont9u$1 nor oa?s to be true to ! con/itution long] b9d ^! maniacs1 ! issue w f9ally be left 9 ! h& ( ! ,god ( battles6 ,x becomes ! ,s\? to act wisely1 to be calm1 & to hope z long z !re c be hope4 ,& to ! ,nor?1 let !m say n[1 be=e x be too late1 8,we pray y to =be>4 ,we entreat y to be true to y\r oa?s1 & n =ce u1 9 ho/ile array1 to ba! our h&s 9 blood40 ,b1 if ! t]m ( our great national de/9y is to be clos$1 & w>1 ! mo/ cruel ( all w>s1 is to spread f> beyond ! rea* ( human =esight1--! ,s\?1 l ,abraham 9 old5 "t1 w 8arm _! tra9$ s]vants10 & g out to ! w>1 ,,%\t+ ,,"u ,,! ,,bann] ,,( ,,! ,,almighty6 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,ix4 ,z a fif? proposition2 ,dr4 ,*ann+ says--8,i %all consid] ! argum5t :i* ! ,scriptures are ?\ght to furni% 9 fav\r ( slav]y40 ,9 ! c\rse ( ^! /udies1 we h (t5 _h occasion to ref] to ! ,scripture 9 our support4 ,we h %[n t ev5 ! ,decalogue gave rules 9 regulation ( ! treatm5t ( slaves2 t comm&s f ! m\? ( ,god himself 7 deliv]$ to ,abraham conc]n+ 8 slaves2 t ! ,almighty f ,s9ai deliv]$ to ,moses laws1 direct+ him :om !y might h z slaves1--slaves =ev]1 & to be inh]it$ by _! *ildr5 aft] !m2 rules direct+ ! gov]nm5t & treatm5t ( slaves1 :o _h become su* "u diff]5t circum/ances4 ,we h adv]t$ to ! _s ( prophecy on ! subject ( ! provid5ce ( ,god t\*+ ! matt]1 to ! illu/rations ( our ,savi\r1 & ! lessons ( ! apo/les4 ,o!rs h done ! same be=e u4 ,b ,dr4 ,*ann+ says1 page #ii--8;,9 ?is age ( ! _w1 & amid ! light :i* has be5 ?r[n on ! true int]pretation ( ! ,scriptures1 su* reason+ h>dly des]ves notice40 ,_h ,tom ,pa9e be5 an abolitioni/1 he c\ld sc>cely h said m6 ,he cont9ues--8,a few words only w be (f]$ 9 reply4 ,?is reason+ proves too mu*4 ,if usages sanction$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & n =bidd5 9 ! ,new1 are "r1 !n our moral code w und]go a sad det]ioration4 ,polygamy 0 all[$ to ! ,israelites1 0 ! practice ( ! holie/ m51 & 0 common & lic5s$ 9 ! age ( ! apo/les4 99 99 99 ,:y may n ,scripture be us$ to /ock our h\ses ) wives z well z slaves40 ,we "k n :at new light has come to ?is age ( ! _w1 enabl+ x to int]pret ! ,scriptures m accurately ?an is af=d$ by ! language ( ! ,scriptures !mselves4 ,:atev] x may be1 we %all n deprive ,dr4 ,*ann+ nor 8 disciples ( its entire b5efit1 by ! appropriation ( its use to ourselves2 & !re=e we %all proce$ to exam9e 8 position1 by int]pret+ ! ,scriptures 9 ! old-fa%ion$ way--und]/&+ !m to mean :at !y say4 ,! fir/ in/ance ! idea is br\ght to view :i* we express by ! t]m wife1 is f\nd 9 ,g54 ii4 #bj 8,!re 0 n f\nd a help meet = him40 ,! orig9al is n f\nd1 discov]$1 help1 aid1 or assi/ance1 fl[+1 proce$+1 at1 to1 or = him4 ,let x be notic$ t ! idea is 9 ! s+ul>4 ,! ^w i%%a1 us$ to mean "o woman1 or wife1 is s di/9ctly s+ul>1 t x sometimes dem&s to be translat$ by ! ^w "o1 z we %all h]eaft] f9d4 ,same *apt]1 v]se #bb3 8,made he a woman10 i%%a1 woman1 wife4 ,v]4 #bc3 8,%all be call$ woman10 i%%a1 woman1 wife4 ,v]4 #bd3 8,!re=e %all a man leave 8 fa!r & 8 "m1 & cleave unto 8 wife10 i%to1 8 wife1 8 woman1 8& !y %all be "o fle%40 ,v]4 #be3 8,! man & 8 wife10 i%to1 wife1 woman4 ,^! t]ms are all 9 ! s+ul> numb]4 ,we propose = consid]ation1 h[ f> ^! passages are to be und]/ood z a law & rule ( action among m54 ,g54 vii4 #g3 8,& ,noah w5t 91 & 8 sons1 & 8 wife1 & 8 sons' wives ) him1 into ! ark40 ,v]4 #i3 8,!re w5t 9 two & two unto ,noah into ! ark1 ! male & female1 z ,god _h comm&$ ,noah40 ,we propose also = consid]ation1 h[ f> ^! passages are an indication ( ! law ( ,god1 & 8 provid5ce1 z be>+ on polygamy4 ,exod4 xx4 #ag 7#ah? v]4 ( ! ,hebrew text73 8,?\ %alt n covet ?y neighb\r's wife10 1 e%e?1 9 ! con/ruct /ate1 %[+ t %e 0 appropriat$ to ! neighb\r 9 ! s+ul> numb]4 ,if ! passage _h read1 ,?\ %alt n covet ?y neighb\r's wives1 or any ( !m1 ! int]pretation mu/ h be5 q diff]5t4 ,s also ,deut4 v4 #ba3 8,nei!r %alt ?\ desire ?y neighb\r's wife10 1 e%e?4 ,! tw5ty-second *apt] ( ,deut]onomy relates ! law conc]n+ a portion ( ! relations incid5t to a m>ri$ /ate2 b we f9d ! idea always advanc$ 9 ! s+ul> numb]4 ,!re 0 no direction conc]n+ 8 wives4 ,_h ! decalogue ann\nc$1 8,?\ %alt h b "o wife10 ! language ( ^! explanations & directions1 to be 9 unison !re)1 ne$ n h be5 *ang$4 ,! subject is cont9u$ ?r\gh ! fir/ five v]ses ( ! tw5ty-f\r? *apt]1 b we f9d ! idea wife /ill express$ 9 ! same c>eful language1 convey+ ! idea1 z appropriat$ to "o man1 9 ! p]son ( "o female only4 ,! t]m 8new wife10 "h us$1 does n imply t %e is an addition to o!rs 9 l condition1 b t h] condition ( be+ a wife is new1 z is mo/ cle>ly %[n by ! ^w hada%a1 f :i* x is translat$4 ,! s5tim5t or condition expla9$ 9 ?is passage is illu/rat$ by our ,savi\r 9 ,luke xiv4 #bj3 8,i h m>ri$ a wife1 & !re=e ,i _c come10--t is1 until ! expiration ( ! ye>1--hav+ ref]5ce to ?is v passage 9 ,deut]onomy = au?ority4 ,b ?is passage is made v pla9 by a direct comm& ( ,god3 see ,deut4 xx4 #g3 8,& :at man is !re t ha? betro!d a wife1 & ha? n tak5 h]8 ,let him g & return unto 8 h\se1 le/ he die 9 ! battle1 & ano!r man take h]40 ,b ! in/itution ( m>riage 0 e/abli%$1 be=e ! fall ( man1 by ! appropriation ( "o woman to "o man4 ,n[1 t ?is fact1 ?is example1 /&s z a comm&1 is cle> f ! words ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 9 ,matt4 xix4 #d1 #e3 8,& he answ]$ & said1 ,h ye n read1 t he :i* made !m at ! beg9n+1 made !m male & female1 & said1 ,= ?is cause %all a man leave fa!r & "m & %all cleave unto 8 wife2 & !y twa9 %all be "o fle%8 ,:]e=e1 !y are no m twa91 b "o fle%40 ,we tru/1 8at ?is age ( ! _w10 !re is a suffici5cy ( light1 among ev5 ! mo/ unle>n$ ( u1 :]eby we %all be enabl$ to int]pret ^! scriptures1 n to lic5se polygamy1 b to disc\nt5ance & =bid x1 by %[+ t !y tea* a contr>y doctr9e4 ,b1 p]haps1 ! explanation is m decid$ 9 ,m>k x4 #h-aa3 ,& !y twa9 %all be "o fle%3 s !n !y are no m twa91 b "o fle%40 8,& he sai? unto !m1 :oev] %all put away 8 wife1 & m>ry ano!r1 committe? adult]y aga9/ h]40 ,surely1 if a man commit adult]y by m>ry+ ! second :5 he has turn$ (f ! previ\s1 x may be a /rong] case ( adult]y to m>ry a second wife )\t turn+ (f ! fir/ "o6 ,we ?9k ,/4 ,paul int]prets ! ,scriptures 9 ! old-fa%ion$ way1 ,eph4 v4 #ca3 8,= ?is cause %all a man leave 8 fa!r & "m1 & %all be jo9$ unto 8 wife1 & !y two %all be "o fle%40 ,see #a ,cor4 vi4 #af-ah3 8,:at6 "k ye n t he :i* is jo9$ to a h>lot is "o body8 ,= two1 sai? he1 %all be "o fle%4 ,flee =nication40 ,& fur!r1 ! d$uctions t ,/4 ,paul made f ^! tea*+s are pla9ly drawn out 9 8 lessons to ,timo?y3 8,if a man desire ! (fice ( bi%op1 he desire? a good "w4 ,a bi%op !n mu/ be blameless1 ! husb& ( "o wife40 8,let ! deacons be ! husb&s ( "o wife40 #a ,tim4 iii4 #a1 #b1 #ab4 8,^! ?+s comm& & tea*4 ,let no man despise ?y y\?2 b be ?\ an example ( ! believ]s 9 ^w1 9 conv]sation1 9 *>ity1 9 fai?1 9 purity40 #a ,tim4 iv4 #aa1 #ab4 ,& we n[ beg to inquire :e!r ?is lesson to ,timo?y is n f\nd$ ^u ! law z deliv]$ to ,moses8 8,& ! ,"l said unto ,moses1 ,speak unto ! prie/s ! sons ( ,a>on1 & say unto !m30 99 99 99 8,!y %all be holy unto _! ,god1 & n pr(ane ! "n ( _! ,god40 99 99 99 8,!y %all n take a wife t is a :ore1 or pr(ane2 nei!r %all !y take a woman put away f h] husb&40 99 99 99 8,& he t is ! high prie/ among 8 bre?r5 99 99 99 %all take a wife 9 h] virg9ity40 8,a wid[1 or a divorc$ woman1 or pr(ane1 or a h>lot1 ^! he %all n take2 b he %all take a virg9 ( 8 own p to wife40 8,nei!r %all he pr(ane 8 se$ among 8 p3 = ,i ! ,"l d sanctify him40 ,lev4 xxi4 #a1 #f1 #g1 #aj1 #ac1 #ad1 #ae4 ,we d\bt n x w be conc$$ t ! tea*+s ( ! ,bible are1 t polygamy includes ! crime ( adult]y & =nication1 bo? ( :i* h a t5d5cy t[>ds a g5]al promiscu\s int]c\rse4 ,9 addition to ! express comm&s z to ! views ?us involv$1 to our m9d !re are specifications on ! subject equally decisive4 8,if any man take a wife 99 99 99 & give occasion ( spee* aga9/ h]1 99 99 99 !n %all ! fa!r ( ! damsel & h] "m take & br+ =? ! tok5s2 99 99 99 & ! damsel's fa!r %all say1 99 99 99 &1 lo1 he ha? giv5 occasion ( spee* aga9/ h]4 99 99 99 ,& ! eld]s ( ! city %all take t man & *a/ise him2 & !y %all am]ce him 9 a hundr$ %ekels ( silv]1 99 99 99 & %e %all be 8 wife2 he may n put h] away all 8 days40 8,b if ?is ?+ is true1 & ! tok5s ( h] virg9ity be n f\nd = ! damsel2 !n !y %all br+ out ! damsel to ! door ( h] fa!r's h\se1 & ! m5 ( ! city %all /one h] ) /ones t %e die40 99 99 99 8,if a man be f\nd ly+ ) a woman m>ri$ to a husb&1 !n !y %all bo? ( !m die40 99 99 99 8,if a damsel t is a virg9 be betro!d unto a husb&1 & a man f9d h] 9 ! city & lie ) h]2 !n ye %all br+ !m bo? out unto ! gate ( t city1 & ye %all /one !m ) /ones t !y die40 99 99 99 8,b if a man f9d a betro!d damsel 9 ! field1 & ! man =ce h] & lie ) h]2 !n ! man only t lay ) h] %all die40 99 99 99 8,if a man f9d a damsel t is a virg91 :i* is n betro!d1 & lay hold on h]1 & lie ) h]1 & !y be f\nd1 !n ! man t lay ) h] %all give unto ! damsel's fa!r fifty %ekels ( silv]1 & %e %all be 8 wife3 99 99 99 he may n put h] away all 8 days40 ,deut4 xxii4 #ac-be1 #bh1 #bi4 8,a ba/>d %all n ent] into ! congregation ( ! ,"l2 ev5 unto 8 t5? g5]ation40 ,idem1 xxiii4 #b4 8,^! are ! /atutes :i* ! ,"l comm&$ ,moses betwe5 a man & 8 wife1 betwe5 ! fa!r & 8 daught]1 be+ yet 9 h] y\? 9 h] fa!r's h\se40 ,num4 xxx4 #af4 8,:5 ?\ art come into ! l& :i* ! ,"l ?y ,god give? !e1 99 99 99 & %alt say1 ,i w set a k+ ov] me10 c4 99 99 99 8,b he %all n10 c4 99 99 99 8,nei!r %all he multiply wives to himself1 t 8 he>t turn n away40 ,deut4 xvii4 #ad-ag4 ,! inf]5ces to be drawn f a review ( ^! /atutes1 9 opposition to polygamy1 we deem ( easy d$uction4 ,we leave !m = ! consid]ation ( ^? :o %all exam9e ! subject4 ,we deem x extraord9>y t1 8at ?is age ( ! _w10 we %\ld f9d m5 :o seem to ?9k t because ,moses _h a /atute :i*1 "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 au?oriz$ husb&s to divorce _! wives1 t !reby he p]mitt$ polygamy4 8,:5 a man ha? tak5 a wife1 & m>ri$ h]1 & x come to pass t %e f9d no fav\r 9 8 eyes1 because he ha? f\nd "s uncleanness 9 h]10 7x is ! same ^w else:]e translat$ nak$ness17 8!n let him write h] a bill ( divorcem5t1 & give x 9 h] h&1 & s5d h] out ( 8 h\se4 ,& :5 %e is dep>t$ out ( 8 h\se1 %e may g & be ano!r man's wife4 ,& if ! latt] husb& hate h]1 & write h] a bill ( divorcem5t1 & give? x 9 h] h&1 & s5de? h] out ( 8 h\se2 or if ! latt] husb& die1 :i* took h] to be 8 wife2 h] =m] husb& :i* s5t h] away may n take h] aga9 to be 8 wife1 aft] t %e is defil$2 = ?is is abom9ation be=e ! ,"l40 ,deut4 xxiv4 #a-d4 ,is !re any ?+ "h t fav\rs polygamy8 ,su* 0 ! law4 ,b 9 ! orig9al1 !re is a t]m us$ :i* became ! subject ( discussion among ! ,jews1 p]haps %ortly aft] its promulgation4 ,?is t]m1 9 our translation 8uncleanness10 "s und]/& to mean su* moral or physical defects z r5d]$ h] m>riage highly improp] or a nullity2 o!rs und]/& x to mean1 or r to ext5d to & embrace1 all dislike on ! "p ( ! husb& :]eby he became desir\s to be sep>at$ f h]4 ,?is int]pretation seem$ mo/ conducive to ! p[] ( ! husb&1 &1 !re=e1 probably _h ! mo/ advocates2 & x is said t ! ,jewi% rul]s s suff]$ x to be und]/ood1 & t ev5 ,moses1 z a man1 suff]$ x2 notic+ t :]e ! wife became greatly hat$ by ! husb&1 %e 0 extremely liable to abuse1 unless ?is law 0 s expla9$ z to p]mit a divorce4 ,! ,jews kept up ! dispute ab\t ?is matt] d[n to ! days ( our ,savi\r2 :5 ! ,ph>isees1 ) ! view to place be=e him a difficult "q1 & "o t might entangle him1 if answ]$ adv]se to ! popul> idea1 pres5t$ x to him1 z relat$ 9 ,matt4 xix4 ,he promptly decides ! "q1 :]eupon !y say-- 8,:y did ,moses !n comm& to give a writ+ ( divorcem5t1 & to put h] away8 ,he sai? unto !m1 ,moses1 because ( ! h>dness ( y\r he>ts1 suff]$ y to put away y\r wives3 b f ! beg9n+ x 0 n s4 ,& ,i say unto y1 ,:oev] %all put away 8 wife1 except x be = =nication1 & %all m>ry ano!r1 committe? adult]y2 & :oev] m>rie? h] t is put away1 do? commit adult]y40 ,matt4 xix4 #g1 #h1 #i4 ,m>k describes ?is int]view ?us3 8,& ! ,ph>isees came to him1 & ask$ him1 say+1 ,is x lawful = a man to put away 8 wife1 tempt+ him8 ,& he answ]$ & said unto !m1 ,:at did ,moses comm& y8 ,& !y said1 ,moses suff]$ to write a bill ( divorcem5t1 & to put h] away4 ,jesus answ]$ & said unto !m1 ,= ! h>dness ( y\r he>t he wrote y ?is precept3 b f ! beg9n+ ( ! creation1 ,god made !m male & female40 ,m>k x4 #b-f4 ,b d ^! answ]s1 ei!r way1 fav\r polygamy8 ,is x n cle> t ! law 0 9 opposition to x8 ,x is true1 ! ,jews1 corrupt$ by ! neighb\r+ nations :o fell into x1 practis$ ! habit to a great ext5t2 & s !y did idolatry & _m o!r s9s4 ,b 0 idolatry all[$ to ! ,israelites8 ,:at tru? c !re be 9 ! ass]tion t !y 7 all[$ a ?+1 9 ! practice ( :i* !y _h to trample _! laws "u foot8 ,&1 "u ! /atem5t ( ! facts1 :at tru? is !re 9 ! ass]tion t 8polygamy 0 lic5s$ 9 ! age ( ! apo/les80 ,if su* 0 8! practice ( ! holie/ m510 x proves no?+ except t ! holie/ m5 7 9 ! practice ( break+ ! law4 ,x is true t a loos5ess ( adjudication on ! subject ( divorce grew up1 p]haps ev5 f ! "t ( ,moses1 among ! ,jews1 on acc\nt ( ! dispute ab\t ! int]pretation ( ! law4 ,b ^u ! supposition t ! law 0 correctly int]pret$ by ^? :o advocat$ ! greate/ laxity1 :i* ,jesus ,*ri/ suffici5tly condemn$1 yet !re is f\nd no?+ fav\r+ polygamy 9 x2 = ev5 ! loose/ int]pretation suppos$ a divorce necess>y4 ,! dispute 0 n ab\t polygamy2 b ab\t :at pr$icates r5d]$ a divorce legal4 ,9 ! books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t we f9d ! acc\nts ( _m crimes t 7 committ$ 9 ^? old5 days2 b c any "o be s /upid z to suppose ! law p]mitt$ ^? crimes1 because ! hi/ory ( !m has rea*$ u ?r\gh ^! books8 ,if ! polygamy ( ,jacob1 rehe>s$ 9 ^! books1 tea*es ! doctr9e t ^! books p]mitt$ polygamy1--!n1 because ^! books relate ! hi/ory ( ! murd] ( ,abel1 x mu/ be said t ^! books p]mit murd]8 ,& because1 9 ^! books1 we h ! acc\nt ( ! disob$i5ce ( ,adam & ,eve1 t !re=e disob$i5ce to ! comm& ( ,god is legaliz$ also6 ,be=e we c say t polygamy is c\nt5anc$ by ! ,old ,te/am5t z well z slav]y1 we mu/ f9d "s special law to t effect4 ,& "s ( ! advocates ( abolition1 /riv+ to make a p>allel betwe5 slav]y & polygamy1 pret5d !y h done s 9 ,lev4 xviii4 #ah3 8,nei!r %alt ?\ take a wife to h] si/] to vex h]1 to uncov] h] nak$ness1 besides ! o!r 9 h] lifetime40 ,^! advocates int]pret ?is law to p]mit a man to m>ry two wives or m1 s t no two ( !m are si/]s2 & because few take ! tr\ble to contradict !m1 !y seem to ?9k _! int]pretation to be true1 & urge x z su*4 ,x 0 cle> ! law p]mitt$ no additional wife1 s z to all[ two or m wives1 unless1 by ! example ( ,jacob1 ! law 0 ameliorat$4 ,8 example 0 ! tak+ ( si/]s2 & if ! orig9al be correctly translat$1 8 example is condemn$ by ! law cit$4 ,we surely fail to see h[ =bidd+ polygamy z to si/]s1 p]mits x z to o!rs4 ,l\isiana by law =bids any free :ite p]son be+ jo9$ 9 m>riage to a p]son ( col\r4 ,if t ,/ate1 9 addition1 =bids free :ite p]sons be+ m>ri$ to slaves1 does x repeal ! law z to p]sons ( col\r8 ,b to ! ,hebrew s*ol> we propose a small error 9 ! translation ( ?is passage4 ,! prec$+ twelve v]ses treat on ! subject ( :om x is =bidd5 to m>ry on ! acc\nt ( consangu9ity1 ! la/ ( :i* names ! gr&-daught] ( a previ\s wife1 decl>+ su* act to be wick$1 & closes ! li/ ( objections on acc\nt ( consangu9ity1 unless su* li/ be ext5d$ by ! passage "u review2 = ! succe$+ s5t5ce is a prohibition ( all females :o may be unclean2 consangu9ity is no m m5tion$2 yet ^! prohibitions cont9ue to ! #bc;d v]se2 & x is to be notic$ t ea* prohibition succe$+ ! wife's gr&-daught] comm5ces ) a 7vav ) %eva71 :]eas n "o on ! gr\nd ( consangu9ity is ?us introduc$2 illu/rat+ ! fact t ea* prohibition1 succe$+ ! wife's gr&-daught]1 is f\nd$ ^u new & di/9ct causes4 ,! wid[ ( a deceas$ husb& :o _h left no issue 0 p]mitt$ to m>ry 8 bro!r2 x 0 ev5 made a duty4 ,!re=e1 by p>ity ( reason1 !re c\ld be no objection1 on ! acc\nt ( consangu9ity1 = ! husb& ( a deceas$ wife to m>ry h] si/]4 ,x is cle> !n t ! p]son :om ?is clause ( ! law =bids to m>ry1 is "s p]son o!r ?an a deceas$ wife's si/]4 ,we propose = consid]ation1 z ne>ly lit]al z may be1 to express ! idea convey$--,?\ %alt n take "o wife to ano!r1 to be enemies1 or to be exiles1 ! %ame ( ?y b$-*amb] ?r\gh life4 ,! doctr9e x inculcates is1 if a man has two wives1 he mu/ ei!r live 9 ! mid/ ( _! rivalry & enmity1 or exile "o or bo?2 ei!r ( :i* is disgrace4 ,! read+ may be v>i$2 b let ! ,hebrew s*ol> comp>e ! fir/ ?ree words ( ! orig9al ) ,exod4 xxvi4 #c1 :]e !y twice occur1 & also ) ! #f? & #ag? v]ses ( ! same *apt]1 9 ea* ( :i* !y are also f\nd4 ,let him notice t1 9 ! passage be=e u1 9 ! ^w translat$ si/]1 ! vav1 "u holem1 is omitt$2 :]eas su* is n ! case 9 ! prec$+ in/ances1 :]e ! ^w is correctly translat$ to express a t]m ( consangu9ity2 & we ?9k he w ab&on ! idea t aho?a1 9 ! passage be=e u1 means si/]2 & if n1 ! s5t5ce /&s a cle>1 indisputable1 & g5]al condemnation ( polygamy4 99 99 99 99 99 ,c ,dr4 ,*ann+'s disciples po9t out to u a law all[+ polygamy 9 z direct t]ms z ! foll[+ w\ld h done1 sub/itut+ ! ^w wives = slaves8 8,?y wives :i* ?\ %alt h1 %all be ( ! hea!n t are r\nd ab\t y3 ( !m %all ye buy wives40 8,moreov]1 ( ! *ildr5 ( ! /rang]s t soj\rn among y1 ( !m %all ye buy wives0--8& ( _! families t are ) y1 :i* !y beget 9 y\r l&1 & !y %all be y\r wives40 8,& ye %all take !m z wives = y\r *ildr5 aft] y1 & !y %all h !m = wives0--8!y %all be y\r wives = ev]40 ,comp>e ,lev4 xxv4 #dd1 #df4 ,until !y c d s1 until !y %all d s1 we %all urge _! n do+ x z "o reason :y ! ,scripture 8_c be us$ to /ock our h\ses ) wives z well z ) slaves40 ------------------ ,,lesson ,x4 ,dr4 ,*ann+ says1 page #aja1 vol4 ii4-- 8,slav]y1 at ! age ( ! apo/le1 _h s p5etrat$ society1 0 s intimately int]wov5 ) x1 & ! mat]ials ( s]vile w> 7 s abundant1 t a religion1 prea*+ fre$om to ! slave1 w\ld h %ak5 ! social fabric to its f\ndation1 & w\ld h arm$ aga9/ itself ! :ole p[] ( ! /ate4 ,paul did n !n assail ! in/itution4 ,he satisfi$ himself ) spread+ pr9ciples :i*1 h[ev] sl[ly1 c\ld n b "w its de/ruction4 99 99 99 ,& h[1 9 8 circum/ances1 he c\ld h done m = ! subv]sion ( slav]y1 ,i d n see40 ,may we reque/ ! disciples ( ,dr4 ,*ann+ to read ! *apt] on 8,slav]y10 9 ,paley's ,moral & ,political ,philosophy1 & decide :e!r ! above is borr[$ 9 sub/ance !refrom4 ,& we beg fur!r to inquire1 :e!r x does n place ,paul1 consid]+ 88 circum/ances10 9 an odi\s position8 ,:at1 ,paul satisfy+ himself to n d 8 duty6 ,:at1 ,paul %r9k f assail+ an in/itution because deeply root$ 9 p[] & s96 ,:at1 ,paul1 ! apo/le ( ,god1 fe>+1 hesitat+1 fail+ to d5\nce a great s91 because x 0 p5etrat+ ?r\gh & intimately int]wov5 ) society6 ,:y did he n manife/ ! same consid]ation 9 behalf ( o!r great s9s8 ,w\ld x n be an easi] & m rational way to acc\nt = 8 n assail+ slav]y1 by suppos+ him to h kn[n t x 0 ! provid5ce ( ,god1 9 m]cy1 pres5t+ "s protection to ^? too degrad$ & l[ to protect !mselves8 ,if su* supposition describes ! true "* ( ! in/itution ( slav]y1 !n ! conduct ( ,paul 9 reg>d to x w\ld h be5 j :at x 04 ,paul liv$ all 8 life 9 ! mid/ ( slav]y2 z a man among m51 he _h a mu* bett] opportunity to "k :at 0 tru? 9 ! case ?an ,dr4 ,*ann+4 ,b z an apo/le1 ,paul 0 taught ( ,god4 ,w ! disciples ( ,dr4 ,*ann+ transf] ^! consid]ations f ,/4 ,paul to ! ,almighty1 & say t he 0 afraid to ann\nce 8 tru?1 8 law1 !n to ! _w1 le/ x %\ld /ir up a little w> 9 ! ,roman ,empire8 ,9 :at position does ,dr4 ,*ann+ place ,him1 :o came to reveal tru?1 hold+ dea? & judgm5t 9 8 h&6 8,n[ !y h kn[n t all ?+s :atsoev] ?\ ha/ giv5 me are ( !e3 ,= ,i h giv5 unto !m ! words :i* ?\ gave/ me2 & !y h receiv$ !m40 ,john xvii4 #g1 #h4 8,i take y to record ?is day1 t ,i am pure f ! blood ( all m51 = ,i h n %unn$ to decl>e unto y all ! c\nsel ( ,god40 ,acts xx4 #bf1 #bg4 8,god =bid3 yea1 let ,god be true1 b e man a li>40 ,rom4 iii4 #d4 ,b we propose to ! disciples ( ,dr4 ,*ann+ an inquiry3 ,if he c\ld n see h[ ,/4 ,paul 9 8 circum/ances c\ld h done m = ! subv]sion ( slav]y1 :y did he n take ,/4 ,paul = 8 example1 & suff] ! matt] to re/ :]e ,/4 ,paul left x8 ,= he says1 vol4 iii4 page #aeb--8;,x becomes ! prea*] to rememb] t !re is a sil5t1 indirect influ5ce1 m sure & p[]ful ?an direct assaults on false op9ions40 ,or 0 he less c>eless ?an ,/4 ,paul ab\t /irr+ up a s]vile w>1 & ( %ak+ our social fabric to its f\ndation8 ,or did ! doctor's circum/ances place him on high] gr\nd ?an ,/4 ,paul8 ,_h 8?is age ( ! _w0 pres5t$ him ) new light on ! true int]pretation ( ! ,scriptures8 ,_h ! afflatus ( ! ,holy ,_s commission$ him to sup]s$e ,paul z an apo/le8 ,are we to expect1 ?r\gh him1 a new & improv$ edition ( ! gospel8 ,& is ?is ! reason :y an argum5t drawn f ! ,old ,edition n[ 8h>dly des]ves notice80 ,dr4 ,*ann+ says1 vol4 ii4 p4 #ajd--8,! v "n ( ! ,*ri/ian religion w\ld h be5 =gott5 amid/ ! agitations ( univ]sal blood%$40 ,is !n ! ,*ri/ian religion a fabrication ( m58 ,0 ,*ri/ himself an impo/or8 ,& c\ld ,dr4 ,*ann+ loan himself to su* a consid]ation8 8,^u ?is rock ,i w build my *ur*3 & ! gates ( hell %all n prevail aga9/ x40 ,matt4 xvi4 #ah4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xi4 ,! six? position 9 ! treatise "u consid]ation is1 8,i %all (f] "s rem>ks on ! means ( remov+ x40 ,8 plan is1 page #ajh--8;,9 ! fir/ place1 ! great pr9ciple t man _c rightfully be held z prop]ty1 %\ld be admitt$ by ! slavehold]40 ,dr4 ,*ann+ seems to suppose t 8 previ\s argum5ts are suffici5t to produce ! propos$ admission4 ,page #aji4 8,x w\ld be cruelty to /rike ! fett]s f a man1 ^: fir/ /eps w\ld infallibly lead him to a precipice4 ,! slave %\ld n h an own]1 b he %\ld h a gu>dian40 ,we take ?is z an admission t ! slave is n a fit subject = fre$om4 ,b he says-- ,page #aaj4 8,b !re is b "o weighty argum5t aga9/ imm$iate emancipation2 namely1 t ! slave w\ld n support himself & 8 *ildr5 by hone/ indu/ry40 ,dr4 ,*ann+'s plan 9 %ort is1 t ! names1 ma/] & slave1 %all be ex*ang$ = gu>dian & w>d2 b he aw>ds no comp5sation to ! gu>dian2--t ! negro %all be told he is free2 yet he %\ld be compell$ to "w = 8 own & 8 family's support2--t none %\ld be :ipp$ :o w toil 8f rational & hon\rable motives40 ,page #aab4 8,9 case ( be+ injur$ by 8 ma/] 9 ?is or 9 any respect1 he %\ld be ei!r set free1 or1 if unprep>$ = lib]ty1 %\ld be transmitt$ to ano!r gu>dian40 ,dr4 ,*ann+ proposes 8b\nties10 8rew>ds10 8new privileges10 8increas$ indulg5ces10 8prizes = good conduct10 c41 z sub/itutes = ! la%4 ,he supposes t ! slave may be 8elevat$ & 8 en]gies call$ =? by plac+ 8 dome/ic relations on new gr\nd40 8,?is is ess5tial2 we wi% him to lab\r = 8 family4 ,!n he mu/ h a family to lab\r =4 ,!n 8 wife & *ildr5 mu/ be truly 8 own4 ,!n 8 home mu/ be inviolate4 ,!n ! responsibilities ( a husb& & fa!r mu/ be laid on him4 ,x is argu$ t he w be fit = fre$om z soon z ! support ( 8 family %all become 8 habit & 8 happ9ess40 ,page #aad4 8,to c>ry ?is & o!r means ( improvem5t into effect1 x is ess5tial t ! slave %\ld no long] be b\ght & sold40 ,page #aae4 8,legislatures %\ld meet to free ! slave4 ,! *ur* %\ld re/ n1 day nor night1 till ?is /a9 be wip$ away40 ,we d n *oose to make any rem>k on 8 plan ( emancipation2 we %all m]ely quote "o passage f page #ajf3 8,h[ slav]y %all be remov$ is a "q = ! slavehold]1 & "o :i* he alone c answ] fully4 ,he alone has an intimate k ( ! "* & habits ( ! slaves40 ,9 ?is we fully concur2 & we n[ ask our read]s1 :at does ,dr4 ,*ann+'s confession ( ?is fact sugge/ to _! m9ds8 ,dr4 ,*ann+'s sev5? proposition is1 8,to (f] "s rem>ks on abolitionism40 ,! consid]ations ( ?is *apt] are evid5tly address$ to ! abolitioni/s1 ) :i* we h no wi% to int]f]e4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 9 x1 "s f9e s5tim5ts express$ 9 8 usual eloqu5t /yle4 ,! eigh? & conclud+ subject is1 8,a few reflections on ! duties ( ! times40 ,^! reflections1 we are exce$+ly sorry to f9d highly inflammatory2 !y are address$ alone to ! ,free ,/ates4 ,we %all pres5t a few specim5s4 ,!y ne$ no comm5t3 !re are ^? to :om pity is m applicable ?an repro(4 ,page #ach4 8,a few words rema9 to be spok5 9 relation to ! duties ( ! ,free ,/ates4 ,^! ne$ to feel ! responsibilities & dang]s ( _! pres5t position4 ,! c\ntry is approa*+ a crisis on ! greate/ "q :i* c be propos$ to x2 a "q1 n ( pr(it or loss1 ( t>iffs or banks1 or any tempor>y int]e/s2 b a "q involv+ ! fir/ pr9ciples ( fre$om1 morals1 & religion40 ,page #aci4 8,!re are1 h[ev]1 o!r duties ( ! ,free ,/ates1 to :i* !y may prove false1 & :i* !y are too will+ to =get4 ,!y are b\nd1 n 9 _! public1 b 9 _! individual capacities1 to use e virtu\s influ5ce = ! abolition ( slav]y40 ,page #adj4 8,at ?is mom5t an imm5se pressure is driv+ ! ,nor? f its true gr\nd4 ,god save x f imbecility1 f trea*]y to fre$om & virtue6 ,i h c]ta9ly no feel+s b ^? ( good-w t[>ds ! ,s\?2 b ,i speak ! univ]sal s5tim5ts ( ?is "p ( ! c\ntry1 :5 ,i say t ! tone :i* ! ,s\? has (t5 assum$ t[>ds ! ,nor? has be5 t ( a sup]ior1 a tone unconsci\sly borr[$ f ! habit ( comm& to :i* x is unhappily accu/om$ by ! =m ( its society4 ,i mu/ add1 t ?is high be>+ ( ! ,s\? has n always be5 met by a j consci\sness ( equality1 a j self-respect at ! ,nor?4 99 99 99 ,"h lies ! dang]4 ,! ,nor? w und\bt$ly be j to ! ,s\?4 ,x mu/ also be j to itself4 ,?is is n ! "t = sycophancy1 = s]vility1 = compromise ( pr9ciple1 = =getfulness ( our rights4 ,x is ! "t to manife/ ! _s ( ,,m51 a _s :i* prizes1 m ?an life1 ! pr9ciples ( lib]ty1 ( ju/ice1 ( humanity1 ( pure morals1 ( pure religion40 ,page #adb4 8,let u %[ t we h pr9ciples1 comp>$ ) :i* ! weal? ( ! _w is z light z air4 99 99 99 ,! ,free ,/ates1 x is to be fe>$1 mu/ pass ?r\gh a /ruggle4 ,may !y su/a9 x z becomes _! fre$om6 ,! pres5t excitem5t at ! ,s\? c h>dly be expect$ to pass away )\t attempts to wre/ f !m unwor?y concessions4 ,! tone 9 reg>d to slav]y 9 t "p ( ! c\ntry is *ang$4 ,x is n only m vehem5t1 b m false ?an =m]ly3 once slav]y 0 ackn[l$g$ z an evil2 n[1 x is proclaim$ to be a good40 ,page #adc4 8,c]ta9ly1 no ass]tion ( ! wilde/ abolitioni/ c\ld give su* a %ock to ! slavehold]1 z ?is new doctr9e is fitt$ to give to ! p ( ! ,nor?4 99 99 99 ,!re is a great dread 9 ?is "p ( ! c\ntry t ! ,union ( ! ,/ates may be dissolv$ by conflict ab\t slav]y4 99 99 99 ,no "o prizes ! ,union m ?an myself40 ,page #add4 8,/ill1 if ! ,union c be pur*as$ only by ! imposition ( *a9s on ! tongue & ! press1 by prohibition ( discussion on ! subject involv+ ! mo/ sacr$ rights & de>e/ int]e/s ( humanity1 !n union w\ld be b\ght at too de> a price40 ,9 8 conclud+ note1 he says1 page #aec--8;,i feel too mu* ab\t ! great subject on :i* ,i h writt51 to be v solicit\s ab\t :at is said ( myself4 ,i feel t ,i am no?+1 t my reputation is no?+1 9 comp>ison ) ! fe>ful wrong & evil :i* ,i h lab\r$ to expose2 & ,i %\ld c\nt myself unwor?y ! "n ( a man or a ,*ri/ian1 if ! calumnies ( ! bad1 or ev5 ! disapprobation ( ! good1 c\ld fa/5 my ?\ghts on myself1 & turn me aside f a cause :i*1 z ,i believe1 tru?1 humanity1 & ,god call me to su/a940 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xii4 ,! abolition writ]s & speak]s are prop]ly divid$ into two classes3 ^? :o agitate & advocate ! subject z a successful means ( advanc+ _! own p]sonal & ambiti\s hopes2 sometimes ) 8,"o eye turn$ to ,god1 condemn+ moral evil2 ,! o!r d[nw>d1 w9k+ at ! devil60 ,?us1 "o seeks (fice1 ano!r di/9ction or fame4 ,small consid]ations (t5 /imulate ! conduct ( su* m54 ,b we h evid5ce t ano!r class zeal\sly lab\r to aboli% slav]y f ! _w1 because !y ?9k its exi/5ce a /a9 on ! human "*1 & t ! laws ( ,god make x ! duty ( e man to 8cry al\d & sp>e n10 until x %all cease4 ,our au?or _h no second>y views allur+ him on to toil2 no new purpose2 no new summit to ga94 ,:at he ?\ght d>kness he hat$1 because he lov$ ! light2 :at he ?\ght wick$1 to 8 s\l 0 awful & abhorr$1 because1 ev5 9 life1 he 0 ev] pe]+ into ! conf9es ( heav54 ,ard\r 0 cultivat$ into zeal1 & zeal into en?usiasm4 ,9 its eag]ness to accompli% its object 9 behalf ( lib]ty1 ! m9d is (t5 prep>$ to subv]t )\t reflection--to de/roy )\t c>e4 ,h5ce1 ev5 ! religi\s may sometimes 8record t !y h a zeal ( ,god1 b n accord+ to k40 8,= !y be+ ignorant ( ,god's righte\sness1 & go+ ab\t to e/abli% _! own righte\sness1 h n submitt$ !mselves unto ! righte\sness ( ,god40 ,rom4 x4 ,!y are conv9c$ t !y alone are "r4 ,b1 8,c a man be pr(itable unto ,god1 z he t is wise may be pr(itable unto himself8 ,is x any pleasure to ! ,almighty1 t ?\ art righte\s8 or is x ga91 t ?\ make/ ?y ways p]fect40 ,job xxii4 #b1 #c4 8,kn[e/ ?\ ! ord9ances ( heav58 ,can/ ?\ set ! dom9ion !re( 9 ! e>?80 ,answ] ?\1 ,:y 8leave? ! o/ri* h] eggs 9 ! e>?1 & w>me? !m 9 ! du/8 ,:y =gette? %e t ! foot may cru% !m1 or t ! wild bea/ may break !m80 8,:y is %e h>d5$ aga9/ h] "y ones1 z ?\gh !y 7 n h]s80 8,:y is h] lab\r 9 va9 )\t fe>80 8,:y fe$e? ! fi% ^u its fell[1 :i* =gette? & dev\re? its "y80 8,:o looke? on ! pr\d & br+e? him l[8 & treade? d[n ! wick$ 9 _! place8 hid+ !m 9 ! du/1 & b9d+ _! faces 9 secret80 ,:o h>d5e? ! he>t ( ,ph>aoh8 & multiplies signs & wond]s be=e ! *ildr5 ( m58 ,:o is he :o 8ha? m]cy on :om he w80 ,:y 0 ,esau hat$ or ,jacob lov$ be=e !y 7 born8 ,wilt ?\ say1 8,:y do? he f9d fault8 = :o ha? resi/$ 8 w40 ,see ,rom4 ix4 #ai4 ,or wilt ?\ r say1 8,behold ,i am vile2 :at %all ,i answ] !e8 ,i w lay my h& ^u my m\?4 ,once h ,i spok52 b ,i w n answ] !e3 yea1 twice2 b ,i w proce$ no fur!r40 ,job xl4 #d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,!re are 9 ^! volumes sev]al o!r essays1 "u diff]5t titles1 on ! same subject2 b 9 mo/ in/ances1 al?\gh ! language is v>i$1 ! same argum5ts ex]t _! p[] on ! m9d ( ! writ]4 ,aid$ by ! common sympa?y ( ! p among :om he liv$1 & ! consci5ti\s op]ations ( 8 own m9d1 8 judgm5t on ! decision ( ! "q ( "r & wrong became un*angeably fix$2 :ile ! evid5ce =c$ ^u him by ! only class ( facts 9 relation to ! subject :i* 8 education & associations 9 society enabl$ him to compreh5d1 became daily m impos+1 m excit+ 9 _! review1 m lucid 9 _! expos+ an image ( de=mity1 ! mo/ wick$ ( ! (fspr+ ( evil4 ,fill$ ) horror1 yet z if allur$ by an evil *>m1 8 m9d seems to h _h no p[] to bani% f its sight its horrid vision4 ,nor is x s+ul> t x %\ld1 to "s ext5t1 become ! "o idea--8 lead+ *a9 ( ?\ght4 ,to him1 ! pro(s ( 8 doctr9e became a blaze ( light1 s pi]c+ly brilliant t no?+ ( a contr>y be>+ 0 wor?y ( belief or consid]ation4 ,! foll[+ extracts w p]haps suffici5tly develop ! /ate to :i* 8 m9d _h arriv$ on ?is subject ( 8 /udy4 ,vol4 vi4 p4 #ch1 he says--8,my maxim is1 ,any ?+ b slav]y60 ,page #ej4 8,! hi/ory ( ,we/ ,india emancipation tea*es u t we are hold+ 9 bondage "o ( ! be/ races ( ! human family4 ,! negro is among ! milde/ & g5tle/ ( m54 ,he is s+ul>ly susceptible ( improvem5t f abroad4 ,8 *ildr51 x is said1 receive m rapidly ?an ours ! elem5ts ( k40 ,page #ea4 8,a %ort resid5ce among ! negroes 9 ! ,we/ ,indies impress$ me ) _! capacity = improvem5t2 on all sides1 ,i he>d ( _! religi\s t5d5cies1 ! noble/ ( human nature4 ,i saw1 too1 on ! plantation :]e ,i resid$1 a gracefulness & dignity ( =m & motion r>e 9 my own native ,new ,engl&4 ,& t is ! race :i* has be5 select$ to be trodd5 d[n & conf\nd$ ) ! brute40 ,if slav]y 9 ! ,we/ ,indies has ?us elevat$ ! ,african tribes above ! majority ( ! p ( ,new ,engl&1 we w n ask ! "q1 :e!r ! doctor's disciples propose ! exp]im5t on _! c\ntrym54 ,b !re is1 nev]!less1 abundant pro( t slav]y to ! :ite races does necess>ily1 & f philosophical causes1 h ! mo/ direct t5d5cy to elevate ! moral1 m5tal1 & physical ability ( ! ,african2 9 fact1 ( any o!r race ( m5 sunk equally l[ 9 degradation & ru94 ,if ! negro slaves ( ! ,we/ ,indies exhibit moral1 m5tal1 & physical m]it 9 advance ( mo/ ( ,dr4 ,*ann+'s c\ntrym51 :o 7 nev] 9 slav]y1 we beg to "k h[ x is acc\nt$ =2 :at are ! causes t h op]at$ to produce x8 ,= we believe no sane man1 :o kn[s any ?+ ( ! ,african savage 9 8 native /ate1 :e!r bond or free1 w s mu* z give a h9t t !y are z elevat$ 9 any respect z are 8 c\ntrym51 ! p ( ,new ,engl&4 ,w ! fact !n be ackn[l$g$1 t slav]y1 h[ev] bad1 does yet con/itutionally am5d & elevate ! ,african savage6 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ! mom5t ! =ego+ p>agraphs 7 plac$ on pap]1 !re happ5$ to be pres5t a ,nor!rn g5tleman1 :o v ju/ly ent]ta9$ ! mo/ elevat$ reg>d = ! p]sonal "* ( ,dr4 ,*ann+1 to :om !y 7 read4 ,8 views seem$ to be t ! extracts f ,*ann+ 7 g>bl$1 & ! d$uctions consequ5t !reon unju/ly sev]e4 ,we w> n ) ,dr4 ,*ann+1 nor 8 "*4 ,he no long] live?4 ,b 8 works live1 & new editions cr[d ^u ! public att5tion1 z if 8 disciples 7 anxi\s to saturate ! :ole _w ) 8 errors1 z well z to make kn[n 8 _m virtues4 ,we d n design to g>ble2 & !re=e requote ! extract m fully1 f vol4 vi4 pp4 #ej1 #ea3 8,! hi/ory ( ! ,we/ ,india emancipation tea*es u t we are hold+ 9 bondage "o ( ! be/ races ( ! human family4 ,! negro is among ! milde/1 g5tle/ ( m54 ,he is s+ul>ly susceptible ( improvem5t f abroad4 ,8 *ildr51 x is said1 receive m rapidly ?an ours ! elem5ts ( k4 ,h[ f> he c orig9ate improvem5ts1 "t only c tea*4 ,8 nature is affectionate1 easily t\*$2 & h5ce he is m op5 to religi\s impression ?an ! :ite man4 ,! ,european race h manife/$ m c\rage1 ent]prise1 inv5tion2 b 9 ! dispositions :i* ,*ri/ianity p>ticul>ly hon\rs1 h[ inf]ior are !y to ! ,african6 ,:5 ,i ca/ my eyes ov] our ,s\!rn region1 ! l& ( b[ie-knives1 ,lyn*-law1 & duels1 ( #8*ivalry1 hon\r1' & rev5ge2 & :5 ,i consid] t ,*ri/ianity is decl>$ to be a _s ( *>ity1 #8:i* seeke? n its own1 is n easily provok$1 ?9ke? no evil1 & endure? all ?+s1' & is decl>$ to be #8! wisdom f above1 :i* is fir/ pure1 !n peaceable1 g5tle1 easy to be entreat$1 full ( m]cy & good fruits1'--c ,i hesitate 9 decid+ to :i* ( ! races 9 t l& ,*ri/ianity is mo/ adapt$1 9 :i* its noble/ disciples are mo/ likely to be re>$40 ,pp4 #eb1 #ec4 8,c\ld ! )]+ influ5ce ( slav]y be )drawn1 ! ,s\!rn "*1 ?\gh less consi/5t1 less bas$ on pr9ciple1 might be m attractive & l(ty ?an t ( ! ,nor?4 ,! ,s\? is pr\d ( call+ itself ,anglo-,saxon4 ,judg+ f "*1 ,i %\ld say t ?is "n belongs mu* m to ! ,nor?1 ! c\ntry ( /eady1 p]sev]+1 unconqu]able en]gy4 ,our ,s\!rn bre?r5 rem9d me m ( ! ,normans4 ,!y seem to h 9 _! ve9s ! burn+ blood ( t pirate race40 8,:o is he t hide? c\nsel )\t k8 ,!re=e h ,i utt]$ t ,i und]/ood n2 ?+s too wond]ful = me1 :i* ,i knew n40 ,job xlii4 #c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,w ! disciples ( ,dr4 ,*ann+ acc\nt = ! curi\s facts develop$ by ! c5sus ( #ahej1 z foll[s8-- 8,a writ] 9 ! ,new ,york ,obs]v] calls att5tion to "s curi\s facts d]iv$ f ! c5sus ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,^! facts %[ t !re is a rem>kable preval5ce ( idiocy & insanity among ! free blacks ov] ! :ites1 & especially ov] ! slaves4 ,9 ! ,/ate ( ,ma9e1 e f\rte5? col\r$ p]son is an idiot or a lunatic4 ,& ?\gh !re is a gradual improvem5t 9 ! condition ( ! col\r$ race z we proce$ ,we/ & ,s\?1 yet x is evid5t t ! ,free ,/ates are ! pr9cipal abodes ( idiocy & lunacy among !m4 8,9 ,ohio1 !re are j t5 col\r$ p]sons1 :o are idiots or lunatics1 :]e !re is "o 9 ,k5tucky4 ,& 9 ,l\isiana1 :]e a l>ge majority ( ! population is col\r$1 & f\r-fif?s ( !m are slaves1 !re is b "o ( ^! un=tunates to #dcji :o are sane4 ,! proportions 9 o!r ,/ates1 accord+ to ! c5sus ( #ahej1 are z foll[3--,9 ,massa*usetts1 #a 9 #dc2 ,connecticut1 #a 9 #ahe2 ,new ,york1 #a 9 #beg2 ,p5nsylvania1 #a 9 #bef2 ,m>yl&1 #a 9 #ajgd2 ,virg9ia1 #a 9 #acji2 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 #a 9 #abae2 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 #a 9 #bddj2 ,ohio1 #a 9 #aje2 ,k5tucky1 #a 9 #ajec4 ,?is is c]ta9ly a curi\s calculation1 & indicates t diseases ( ! bra9 are f> m r>e among ! slaves ?an among ! free ( ! col\r$ race40 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xiii4 ,sympa?y probably op]ates m or less 9 ! m9d ( ea* individual ( ! human family4 ,traces ( x are discov]$ ev5 9 "s ( ! brute creation2 b yet we are f> f say+ t x is m]ely an animal feel+4 ,b we d say t sympa?y (t5 gives a direction to our *a9s ( ?\ght2 & t1 9 "s m9ds1 su* direction is sc>cely to be *ang$ by any subsequ5t reflection1 or ev5 evid5ce4 ,"s m9ds seem incapable ( appreciat+ any evid5ce :i* does n make m op5 :atev] way sympa?y may lead2 consequ5tly a full hi/ory ( its ex]cise w\ld prove t x has be5 frequ5tly exp5d$ on mi/ak5 facts1 imag9>y conditions1 or fictiti\s suff]+4 ,9 su* cases1 x may produce mu* evil1 & real suff]+4 ,x !re=e may be ( "s importance to ! sympa?iz] & to community1 t ?is feel+ be "u ! gov]nm5t ( a correct judgm5t f\nd$ on tru?4 ,among ! rude tribes ( m51 & 9 ! e>ly ages ( ! _w1 its action seems to h tak5 ! place ( :at1 9 a high] civilization & cultivation ( ! m9d1 %\ld be ! result ( moral pr9ciple f\nd$ on tru?4 ,b ev5 n[1 if we look abroad ^u ! families ( m51 ev5 to ! mo/ intellectual1 %all we n f9d ! great] numb] r "u ! gov]nm5t ( ! =m] ?an ! latt]8 ,"o inf]5ce surely is1 t man1 z yet1 has n1 by f>1 arriv$ at ! fulle/ ext5t ( intellectual improvem5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,b suppose we say t ,god puni%es s92 or1 by ! laws ( ,god1 s9 br+s ^u itself puni%m5t2--we propose ! "q1 h[ f>1 "u our relation to our ,creator1 is x consi/5t 9 u to sympa?ize ) su* puni%m5t8 ,x may be answ]$1 we are in/ruct$ to 8rememb]0 to sympa?ize ) ^? :o are "u p]secution = _! fai? 9 ,*ri/2 s also1 impli$ly1 ) our bre?r51 neighb\rs1 or ^? :o h done u or our ance/ors fav\rs1 or ^? :o h giv5 or c give "s pro( ( goodness1 :5 su* h fall51 or %all fall into bondage2 &1 p]haps1 ) any "o giv+ pro( ( su* am5dm5t z may m]it a high] condition4 ,b 9 all ^! cases1 does n ! injunction1 8rememb]10 look to an action result+ f pr9ciple1 emanat+ f tru?1 or ! con=mity ( ! p]son or ?+ to be 8rememb]$0 ) ! law ( ,god8 ,9 ! holy books1 ! ^w ne>e/ to a synonyme ( our ^w sympa?y1 w be f\nd 9 ,deut4 vii4 #af3 8,?\ %alt consume all ! p :i* ! ,"l ?y ,god %all deliv] !e2 ?9e eye %all h no pity !hhos7 ^u !m10 7no sympa?y =47 ,s1 xix4 #ac3 8,?9e eye %all n pity 7 ?ahhos7 him40 ,s xiii4 #h 7! #i? ( ! ,hebrew text73 8,nei!r %all ?9e eye pity him10 7 ?ahhos47 ,?is ^w1 :5 us$ 9 relation to puni%m5t1 is usually associat$ ) ! ^w imply+ ! 8eye10 z if ! feel+ express$ !reby p>took m ( an animal ?an a moral s5sation4 ,9 ,g54 xlv4 #bj1 our translators f9d+ our idea ( sympa?y inapplicable to inanimate objects1 express$ x by ! ^w 8reg>d10 mean+ c>e1 or conc]n4 ,n[1 s9ce ! comm& =bids ?is gu% ( feel+ 7:e!r m]ely animal or n7 9 ! cases cit$1 is x n evid5t t ! feel+ inculcat$ z prop] mu/ be ! produce ( moral pr9ciple1 cultivat$ & su/a9$ by a tru?ful p]ception ( ! laws ( ,god8 ,! feel+ ( sympa?y1 commis]ation1 or m]cy1 is inculcat$ 9 ! latt] clause ( ,lev4 xlvi4 #bf4 ,! circum/ances 7 ^!3--,! desc5dants ( ,ham occupi$ ! :ole ( ,pale/9e1 & ! mo/ ( ! adjo9+ di/ricts4 ,^? ( ,pale/9e _h become s sunk5 9 idolatry1 & ! mo/ griev\s practices1 c\nt]act+ any improvem5t ( _! race1 t ,god1 9 8 provid5ce1 gave !m up to be extirpat$ f ! e>?1 & =bid ! ,israelites to h any 8pity10 any sympa?y = !m2 b to slay !m )\t hesitation4 ,:ile ^? ( ! adjac5t tribes1 :o _h1 s9ce ! days ( ,noah1 be5 d5\nc$ z fit subjects ( slav]y1 on ! acc\nt ( _! degradation1 br\ght ^u !m by simil> causes1 7 aga9 specifi$ to ,moses z ^? :om !y 7 at lib]ty 9 peace to pur*ase1 or 9 w> to r$uce to p]petual bondage4 ,b su* is ! det]iorat+ effect ( s91 ev5 individuals ( ! ,israelites !mselves 7 (t5 fall+ into t condition4 ,b ,god made a di/9ction betwe5 ! condition ( ^! hea!n1 & ! ,israelites t might ?us fall into slav]y4 ,! slav]y ( ! hea!n 0 p]petual1 :ile t ( ^! improvid5t ,jews 0 limit$ to six ye>s1 unless su* slave pref]r$ to cont9ue 9 8 /ate ( slav]y2 8 k9 at all times hav+ ! "r to r$eem him1 :i* "r ( r$emption 0 also ext5d$ to ! ,jewi% slave himself4 ,b no su* "r 0 ev] ext5d$ to ! hea!n slave1 or him ( hea!n extraction4 ,"u ?is /ate ( facts1 ! ,jewi% ma/] is =bidd5 to use 8rig\r0 t[>ds 8 ,jewi% slave3 8,b ov] y\r bre?r5 ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 ye %all n rule ov] "o ano!r ) rig\r40 ,?is evid5tly inculcates a feel+ ( commis]ation = su* ( _! c\ntrym5 z may h fall5 into slav]y2 & 9 con=mity ) su* precepts1 all nations1 at all times1 :o 7 advanc$ 9 civilization1 seem to h ev] felt dispos$ to ext5d relief :5 practical4 ,h5ce ,abraham ext5d$ relief to ! family ( ,lot3 h5ce ! prophet ,ob$ succe$$ to deliv] f slav]y two hundr$ ?\s& ( ! *ildr5 ( ,judah f ! h& ( ! k+ ( ,israel1 dur+ ! days ( ,ahaz4 ,b 9 no in/ance h su* acts ( m]cy be5 manife/$ by a p sunk z l[ 9 degradation z ! ,african races4 ,= sev]al c5turies1 ,brita9 suppli$ slaves = o!r p>ts ( ! _w2 b1 dur+ ! "t %e did s1 %e took no /eps = ! r$emption ( any2 & su* has inv>iably be5 ! case at all times ( ! _w4 ,all races ( m51 sunk 9 ! l[e/ dep?s ( degradation1 h nev] fail$ to be 9 slav]y to "o ano!r1 & to supply o!r nations ) _! own c\ntrym5 = slaves2 &1 p]haps1 ?is may be adduc$ z an evid5ce ( _! hav+ desc5d$ to t degree ( degradation t makes slav]y a m]cy to !m4 ,sympa?y = !m c\ld d !m no good2 because a relief f slav]y c\ld n elevate !m1--c\ld d !m no good1 b an injury4 ,h5ce su* sympa?y is =bidd54 ,! degradation ( ! *ildr5 ( ,jacob became almo/ extreme2 yet !y w5t n into slav]y until x 0 accompani$ by a fact ( l nature4 ,:o %all say t slav]y & ! slave-trade 9 ,brita9 0 n "o ( ! /eps1 "u ,div9e provid5ce1 :]eby ,god br\ght ab\t ! elevat$ condition ( ! race ( man !re8 ,:o w say t ! slav]y ( ! ,israelites 9 ,egypt 0 n to !m a m]cy1 & did n br+ to !m an ameliorat$1 an elevat$ condition1 necess>y to !m be=e ! ,div9e law c\ld fulfil its promise to ,abraham8 ,b ?is 0 a m]e tempor>y slav]y2 :]eas ! slav]y pron\nc$ on ! races ( ,ham 0 ?r\gh all "t1 p]petual4 ,dur+ ! d>k ages ( ! _w1 ! races ( m5 g5]ally became det]iorat$ to an extraord9>y ext5t4 ,if our doctr9e be true1 slav]y 0 a necess>y consequ5ce1 & cont9u$1 until by its am5datory influ5ce on ! enslav$1 9 accordance ) ! law ( ,god1 !y became elevat$ above ! level ( its useful op]ation4 ,b1 dur+ ^! p]iods1 ! slave 9 ,africa1 little s\ght aft] by o!r races1 became ( small value to ! ,african ma/]1 & 0 ! prey1 frequ5tly an article ( food1 ev5 to ! slaves !mselves1 z well z to 8 own ma/]2 & ?is /ate ( facts exi/$ until ! o!r races ( man _h mo/ly em]g$ f slav]y2 :5 ! ,african slave became an article ( comm]ce1 & cannibalism1 9 consequ5ce1 became almo/ =gott54 ,0 ?is no bless+8 ,0 ?is n a m]cy--an improv$ condition8 ,b1 z if ,god really int5d$1 contr>y to ! app>5t wi%es ( "s m51 to fulfil 8 ^w1 & e/abli% _! condition ( nev]-end+ bondage1 he has suff]$ ! slave-trade ) ,africa to be aboli%$ among ! ,*ri/ian nations4 ,! great surplus ( slaves 9 ,africa has r5d]$ !m ( little value !re2 & ^! an?ropophagi h aga9 return$ to _! anci5t habits1 giv+ pro( t _! condition ( slav]y1 s f> z mortal eye c see1 is n[ = ev] pa/ hope4 ,! !ological philosoph] did once hope t ! only comm]ce :i* c\ld br+ !m g5]ally 9 contact ) ,*ri/ian nations w\ld h a p]man5t influ5ce on ! "* ( ^! p4 ,b ,god1 9 8 provid5ce1 has se5 prop] to ord] x o!rwise4 ,! slave-trade t has be5 c>ri$ on betwe5 !m & ,we/]n ,asia1 = m ?an f\r ?\s& ye>s1 n[ ! only ext]nal influ5ce on !m z a p1 may d\btless ext5d ! /&>d ( ,islam1 & spread "s few corruptions ( its religi\s sy/ems4 ,b nei!r ! religion nor ! trade c>ries to ! home ( ^! savages a suffici5cy ( int]e/ to excite new passions or /imulate into exi/5ce new habits or *a9s ( ?\ght4 8,! rod & repro( give wisdom40 8,a s]vant 7 ab$1 a slave7 w n be correct$ by words2 = ?\gh he und]/&1 he w n answ]40 ,prov4 xxix4 #ae1 #ai4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 close1 may we inquire :at b5efit has result$ to ! slave 9 ! ,s\?1--:at b5efit to poor1 ble$+ ,africa1 f ! sympa?y ( ! _w on ! subject ( _! slav]y8 ,:at1 none6 ,if none--has x done !m no evil8 ,& w ye cont9ue to d evil8 ,9 y\r weakness1 w ye ?9k to cont5d aga9/ ,god8 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xiv4 ,! abolitioni/ w probably cons5t to ! tru? ( ! proposition t ,god gov]ns ! univ]se4 ,x may be t !y w also agree t he is abundantly able to d s4 ,b1 :atev] may be _! decision1 x is "o ( ! reveal$ laws ( ,god1 t-- 8,?\ %alt n make unto !e any grav5 image1 or any lik5ess ( any ?+ t is 9 heav5 above1 or t is 9 ! e>? b5ea?1 or t is 9 ! wat] "u ! e>?3 ?\ %alt n b[ ?yself to !m1 nor s]ve !m2 = ,i1 ! ,"l ?y ,god1 am1 a jeal\s ,god1 visit+ ! iniquity ( ! fa!rs ^u ! *ildr5 unto ! ?ird & f\r? g5]ation ( !m t hate me40 ,x is n to be suppos$ t man c compreh5d ,god z x may be said he compreh5ds ?+s )9 ! compass ( 8 own und]/&+4 ,if s1 !re w\ld h be5 no ne$ ( revelation4 ,revelation has giv5 u all ! k ( ,god necess>y to our welf>e & happ9ess4 ,we h n yet le>n$ t man has become able to g beyond revelation 9 8 k ( ,god4 ,b suppose "s "o %\ld take x into 8 fancy to say & believe t ! ,sabba? 0 n a ,div9e in/itution1 or t 8,?\ %alt n kill10 8,?\ %alt n commit adult]y10 8,?\ %alt n /eal10 7 m]e human contrivances1 & contr>y to ! w & laws ( _! ,god2 n[1 if ! ,god :o has reveal$ ^! laws to u is ! g5u9e ,god1 w\ld n ! god :o %\ld tea* ^! =bidd5 acts to be lawful be a diff]5t god8 ,& al?\gh he w\ld exi/ only 9 ! imag9ation ( ^? :o believ$ 9 su* a be+1 yet w\ld x be any ! less idolatry to wor%ip him ?an x w\ld be if a block 7 set up to repres5t him8 ,is x any suffici5t excuse1 because su* wor%ipp] acts f ignorance1 or "u ! influ5ce ( a s9c]e consci5ce8 ,is x to be presum$ t ^? :o sacrific$ _! *ildr51 & ev5 !mselves1 to a false god1 7 n s9c]e8 ,did n ,paul act ) a s9c]e consci5ce :5 he p]secut$ ! ,*ri/ians8 99 99 99 99 99 ,b c we suppose t ! real ,jehovah w\ld1 9 a revelation to man ( 8 w1 8 law1 recognise a ?+ z prop]ty among m51 :51 at ! same "t1 x 0 contr>y to 8 w & 8 law t su* ?+ %\ld be prop]ty among m58 8,nei!r %alt ?\ desire ?y neighb\r's wife2 nei!r %alt ?\ covet ?y neighb\r's h\se1 8 field1 or 8 man-s]vant 7 8 male slave71 or 8 maid-s]vant 7 8 female slave71 8 ox1 or 8 ass1 or any ?+ t is ?y neighb\r's40 ,deut4 v4 #ba1 ! #ah? ( ! ,hebrew text4 ,w\ld x n h be5 j z easy = ,god to h said1 if su* 0 8 w1 8,?\ %alt n h slaves10 z to h said ?is1 z foll[s8 8,& also ( ! hea!n %all ye buy slaves1 & y\r *ildr5 %all inh]it !m aft] y1 & !y %all be y\r slaves = ev]60 ,b ,dr4 ,*ann+1 speak+ ( ! v>i\s ex]tions n[ mak+ 9 behalf ( ! abolition ( slav]y1 gives u to und]/& t ! ,*ri/ian philan?ropy & ! enlight5$ goodness1 7&1 he means1 sympa?y alone17 n[ p\r+ =? 9 pray]s & p]suasions f ! press1 ! pulpit1 f ! lips & he>ts ( devot$ m51 _c fail4 8,?is10 he says1 8mu/ triumph40 8,x is leagu$ ) ,god's omnipot5ce40 8,x is ,god himself act+ 9 ! he>ts ( 8 *ildr540 ,vol4 ii4 p4 #ab4 ,does ,dr4 ,*ann+ mean ! ,god :o reveal$ ! law to ,moses8 ,if s1 has he *ang$ 8 m9d s9ce t "t8 ,we "k t "s say t slav]y is contr>y to _! moral s5se1 contr>y to _! consci5ce1 t "u no circum/ances c x be "r4 ,b if ,god has orda9$ ! in/itution ( slav]y1 n only z a puni%m5t ( s91 b z a re/ra9t ( "s effect aga9/ a l[] degradation1 _h n su* m5 bett] cultivate & improve _! 8moral s5se0 & 8consci5ce0 into a con=mity ) ! law ( ,god on ?is subject8 ,!y _c ?9k t1 on ! acc\nt ( _! mu* talk+1 ,god w *ange 8 gov]nm5t to suit _! own peculi> views4 ,9 our judgm5t1 _! views mu/ br+ great d>kness to ! m9d1 &1 we ?9k1 di/ress2 = is x n a great di/ress itself1 to be "u ! gov]nm5t ( "o we ?9k unju/8 ,we "k n b t we owe !m1 z fell[ travell]s ?r\gh ?is mom5t>y exi/5ce1 ! duty ( try+ to remove f _! m9ds ! cause ( su* d>kness & di/ress4 ,%all we c\nsel toge!r8 ,w y1 inde$1 /op = a mom5t 9 company ) a bro!r8 ,w y he> ! ,bible8 ,w y1 ?r\gh a *ild1 li/5 to ! voice ( ,god8 99 99 99 99 99 ,all agree t slav]y has exi/$ 9 ! _w f a v remote age4 ,wick$ m5 & wick$ nations h pass$ away1 b slav]y /ill exi/s among _! desc5dants4 ,good m5 & enlight5$ nations h gone ! way ( all t is & has be51 b slav]y /ill abides on ! e>?4 ,^u ! introduction ( ,*ri/ianity1 m51 :o little und]/ood its _s1 sudd5ly rose up to aboli% slav]y 9 cases :]e ! slave became conv]t$ to its fai?2 also to cut loose ! believ+ *ild f all obligations ( ob$i5ce to ! unbeliev+ p>5t1 & also ! husb& or wife f 8 or h] unbeliev+ sp\se4 ,yet ?is new doctr9e only met ! condemnation ( ,pet] & ,paul4 ,& ev5 at ! pres5t day1 we f9d m5 ready to give up ! religion ( ,*ri/1 & ! gospel itself1 r ?an _! own notions conc]n+ slav]y4 8,if ! religion ( ,*ri/ all[s su* a lic5ce0 7to hold slaves7 8f su* precepts z ^!1 ! ,new ,te/am5t w\ld be ! greate/ curse t 0 ev] inflict$ on our race40 ,b>nes on ,slav]y1 p4 #caj4 7,he quotes ! passage f ,dr4 ,wayl&'s ,lett]s1 pp4 #hc1 #hd1 :i* "w we h n se547 ,su* writ]s may be consci5ti\s1 b _! writ+s h only b\nd ! slave 9 /rong] *a9s4 ,god makes 8 v enemies build up 8 ?rone4 ,?us ! ex]tions ( man are ev] feeble :5 9 contradiction to ! provid5ce ( ,god4 ,! great adv]s>y has ev] be5 at "w to de?rone ! ,almighty f ! m9ds ( m54 ,abolition doctr9es are no new ?+ 9 ! _w4 ,we conc$e !m ! age ( slav]y itself1 :i* we %all d\btless f9d z old z s94 ,/ay ?y ha/e1 !n1 ?\ :o feele/ able to tea* wisdom to ?y ,creator3 come1 li/5 to ! voice ( a *ild2 ! lessons ( a worm2 = ,god is surely able to v9dicate 8 ways be=e !e6 99 99 99 99 99 ,:5 ,adam 0 driv5 out ( p>adise1 he 0 told-- 8,curs$ is ! gr\nd = ?y sake2 9 sorr[ %alt ?\ eat ( x all ! days ( ?y life40 8,?orns & ?i/les %all x br+ =? to !e2 & ?\ %alt eat ! h]b ( ! field4 ,9 ! sweat ( ?y face %alt ?\ eat bread1 till ?\ return unto ! gr\nd40 ,! expression1 8,?\ %alt eat ! h]b ( ! field10 we ?9k has a v peculi> significance2 = ,god made 8e h]b ( ! field be=e x grew20 & "o ( ! reasons assign$ :y ! 8h]b 0 made be=e x grew10 we f9d to be1 t 8!re 0 n a man to till ! gr\nd40 ,n[1 ! ^w to till is translat$ f ! ^w la ebod1 & means to slave2 b 9 ,engli% we use ! t]m n s directly4 ,we use m words to express ! same idea2 we say to d slave-lab\r on ! gr\nd1 in/ead ( to slave ! gr\nd1 z ! expression /&s 9 ,hebrew4 ,! doctr9e is1 t ! h]b1 on :i* ! fall5 s9n] is de/9$ to subsi/1 0 n ( spontane\s gr[?2 x c\ld only be produc$ by sweat & toil1 ev5 unto sorr[4 ,s9 _h made man a slave to 8 own necessities2 he _h to slave ! gr\nd = 8 subsi/5ce2 & su* 0 ! view ( ,david1 :o1 aft] describ+ h[ ! brute creation is spontane\sly provid$ =1 says-- 8,he cause? ! grass to gr[ = ! cattle1 & h]b = ! s]vice 7 la eboda?1 ! slav]y7 ( man3 t he may br+ =? food out ( ! e>?40 ,ps4 civ4 #ad4 ,?is /ate ( be+ compell$ to lab\r ) sweat & toil = subsi/5ce1 is ! degree ( slav]y to :i* s9 r$uc$ ! :ole human family4 ,if we mi/ake n1 ! holy books include ! idea t s9 affects ! "* ( man z a moral poison1 produc+ ab]rations ( m9d 9 ! con/ant direction ( great] s9s & an increas$ dep>ture f a desire to be 9 ob$i5ce to ! laws ( ,god4 ,if we mi/ake n1 ! doctr9e also is prom95t t idl5ess is n only a s9 itself1 b exce$+ly prolific ( /ill great] s9s4 ,?is mild /ate ( slav]y1 ?us impos$ on ,adam1 0 a con/ant re/ra9t aga9/ a l[] desc5t into s91 & c be reg>d$ 9 no o!r light ?an a m]ciful provision ( ,god 9 protection ( 8 *ild1 ! creation ( 8 h&4 ,if x !n be a fact t a giv5 int5sity ( s9 draws ^u itself a correspond+ condition ( slav]y1 z an op]at+ protection aga9/ ! f9al effect ( transgression1 x w foll[ t an increas$ int5sity ( s9 w dem& an increas$ sev]ity ( ! condition ( slav]y4 ,?us1 :5 ,ca9 murd]$ ,abel1 ,god said to him-- 8,n[ art ?\ curs$ f ! e>?1 :i* ha? op5$ h] m\? to receive ?y bro!r's blood f ?y h&4 ,:5 ?\ tille/ 7 ?a ebod1 ?\ slave/7 ! gr\nd1 x %all n h5ce=? yield unto !e h] /r5g?3 a fugitive & a vagabond %alt ?\ be 9 ! e>?40 99 99 99 8,& ! ,"l set a m>k ^u ,ca91 le/ any f9d+ him %\ld kill him40 8,%all n yield unto !e h] /r5g?20 ei!r ! e>? %\ld be less fruitful1 or f 8 own wayw>dness1 x %\ld be less skilfully cultivat$ by him1 or t a pr(it f 8 lab\r %\ld be enjoy$ by ano!r2 or1 p]haps1 f ! jo9t op]ation ( !m all4 ,?us an aggravat$ degree ( s9 is always att5d$ by an aggravat$ degree ( slav]y4 ,! next f9al /ep we discov] 9 ! hi/ory ( slav]y appe>s 9 ,ham1 ! son ( ,noah2 & he said1 8,curs$ be ,canaan2 a s]vant ( s]vants %all he be unto 8 bre?r540 8,s]vant ( s]vants10 eb$ ebadim1 slave ( slaves4 ,?is mode ( expression 9 ,hebrew is "o ( ! modes by :i* !y express$ ! sup]lative degree4 ,! mean+ is1 ! mo/ abject slave %all he be to 8 bre?r54 ,h]et(ore slav]y has be5 ( less int5sity2 "h we f9d ! ord9ation ( ! ma/]1 & x is n a little rem>kable t he is di/9ctly bless$6 8,& he said1 ,i am ,abraham's s]vant4 ,& ! ,"l ha? bless$ my ma/] greatly1 & he is become great3 & he ha? giv5 him flocks1 & h]ds1 & silv] & gold1 & m5-s]vants 7 va ebadim1 & male slaves71 & maid-s]vants 7 va %ephaho?1 & female slaves71 & camels & asses40 8,& ,s>ah1 my ma/]'s wife1 b>e a son to my ma/] :5 %e 0 old3 & unto him ha? he giv5 all t he ha?40 ,& ( ,isaac x is said-- 8,!n ,isaac s[$ 9 t l&1 & receiv$ 9 ! same ye> a hundr$ fold3 & ! ,"l bless$ him1 & ! man wax$ great1 & w5t =w>d & grew until he became v great3 = he _h possessions ( flocks1 & possessions ( h]ds1 & great /ore ( s]vants 7 va ebuddah1 & a l>ge family ( slaves73 & ! ,phili/9es envi$ him40 ,we pray t no "o 9 ^! days w imitate ^? wick$ ,phili/9es6 ,& ( ,jacob x is said-- 8,& ! man increas$ exce$+ly1 & _h mu* cattle1 & maid-s]vants 7 vu %ephaho?71 & female slaves & m5-s]vants 7 va ebadim1 & male slaves71 & camels1 & asses40 8,& ! ,"l said unto ,jacob1 ,return unto ! l& ( ?y fa!rs1 & to ?y k9dr$2 & ,i w be ) !e40 8,he t is despis$1 & ha? a s]vant 7 eb$1 a slave71 is bett] ?an he t hon\re? himself1 & lacke? bread40 ,prov4 xii4 #i4 8,i "k t :atsoev] ,god doe?1 x %all be = ev]2 no?+ c be put to x1 nor any ?+ tak5 f x3 & ,god doe? x t m5 %\ld fe> be=e him4 ,t :i* ha? be5 is n[2 & t :i* is to be1 ha? already be52 & ,god require? t :i* is pa/40 ,eccl4 iii4 #ad4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xv4 ,we %all1 9 ! c\rse ( ^! /udies1 ) "s p>ticul>ity exam9e :at evid5ce !re may be t ,ham took a wife f ! race ( ,ca92 & we propose a glance at t subject n[4 ,!ological /ud5ts g5]ally agree t1 9 ,g5esis vi4 #b1 8sons ( ,god0 mean ^? ( ! race ( ,se?2 & t ! 8daught]s ( m50 imply ! females ( ! race ( ,ca94 ,! ^w 8fair10 9 our v]sion1 appli$ to ^! females1 does n ju/ly tea* u t !y 7 :ite wom51 or t !y 7 ( a light complexion4 ,x is translat$ f ! ,hebrew tovo?1 be+ 9 ! fem99e plural1 f tov1 & m]ely expresses ! idea ( :at may seem good & excell5t to him :o speaks or takes notice3 x expresses no quality ( complexion nor ( beauty beyond :at may exi/ 9 ! m9d ( ! behold]2 x is usually translat$ good or excell5t4 ,imm$iately ^u ! ann\ncem5t t ^! two races ?us int]m>ry1 ,god decl>es t 8 _s %all n always /rive ) man1 & det]m9es to de/roy man f ! e>?4 ,is x n a pla9 inf]5ce t su* int]m>riages 7 displeas+ to him8 ,& is x n also a pla9 inf]5ce1 ^! int]m>riages 7 pro(s t ! 8wick$ness ( man _h become great 9 ! e>?80 ,ca9 _h be5 driv5 out a degrad$1 det]iorat$ vagabond4 ,is !re any pro( t 8 race _h improv$8 ,! fact is well kn[n t all races ( animals are capable ( be+ improv$ or det]iorat$4 ,a commixture ( a bett] ) a worse sample det]iorates ! (fspr+ ( ! =m]4 ,man is no exception to ?is rule4 ,our position is1 t s91 z a moral poison1 op]at+ 9 "o cont9u$ /ra9 9 ! degradation & det]ioration ( ! race ( ,ca91 _h at l5g? =c$ !m d[n to become exce$+ly obnoxi\s to ,god4 ,int]m>riage ) !m 0 ! sure ru9 ( ! race ( ,se?3 x subject$ !m at once to ! curses cleav+ to ! race ( ,ca94 ,ev5 aft] ! flood1 witness ! repugnance to int]m>ry ) ! race ( ,ham (t5 manife/$ by ! desc5dants ( ,%em2 & t ! ,israelites 7 =bidd5 to d s4 ,n[1 = a mom5t1 let u suppose t ,ham did m>ry & take into ! ark a daught] ( ! race ( ,ca94 ,if ! g5]al int]mixture ( ! ,se?ites ) ! ,ca9ites _h s det]iorat$ ! ,se?ites1 & r$uc$ !m to ! moral degradation ( ! ,ca9ites1 t ,god did n deem !m wor?y ( long] encumb]+ ! e>? be=e ! flood1 w\ld x be an extraord9>y manife/ation ( 8 displeasure at ! suppos$ m>riage ( ,ham ) "o ( ! curs$ race ( ,ca91 to subject ! issue ( su* m>riage to a degrad$ & p]petual bondage8 ,b aga91 9 case ?is suppos$ m>riage ( ,ham ) ! race ( ,ca9 be true1 !n ,ham w\ld be ! prog5itor ( all ! race ( ,ca9 :o %\ld exi/ aft] ! flood2 & su* fact w\ld be among ! mo/ prom95t features ( 8 hi/ory4 ,x w\ld1 9 su* case1 be 9 /rict con=mity ) ! usages ( ^! e>ly times = 8 fa!r to h call$ him by a "n indicative ( su* fact3 in/ead ( call+ him ,ham1 he w\ld ann\nce to him a t]m imply+ 8 relation%ip ) ! h\se ( ,ca94 ,if su* relation did n exi/1 :y did he call him ,canaan8 ,"s suppose t ?is "q w\ld be answ]$ by say+ t ! t]m 0 appli$ to ! y\nge/ son ( ,ham2 b all ! sons ( ,ham 7 born aft] ! flood2 yet ! plant+ ( ! v9ey>d & ! dr9k+ ( ! w9e are ! fir/ acts ( ,noah :i* are m5tion$ aft] t deluge2 & fur!r1 ,canaan1 ! son ( ,ham1 0 mo/ c]ta9ly n ! individual ^: ill-behavi\r 0 simultane\s ) & foll[$ by ! curse ( slav]y4 ,h we any pro(1 or any reason to believe1 t ,canaan1 ! son ( ,ham1 0 !n ev5 born8 ,b 9 ! catalogue ( ,noah's sons1 ev5 be=e ! plant+ ( ! v9ey>d is m5tion$1 ,ham is call$ ! fa!r ( ,canaan1 ev5 be=e we are told t he _h any sons4 ,:y 0 he !n s call$ ! fa!r ( ,canaan1 unless ^u ! fact t by 8 m>riage he necess>ily 0 to become ! prog5itor ( ! race ( ,ca9 9 8 own !n unborn desc5dants8 ,"u all ! facts t h come d[n to u1 we are n to suppose t !re 0 any ,ca9ite blood 9 ,noah1 or 9 ,noah's wife4 ,:y !n did ,ham *oose to commemorate ! race ( ,ca91 by nam+ 8 f\r? son ,ca91 a t]m synonym\s ) ,ca9ite1 or ,canaanite8 ,& :y did ! race ( ,ham d ! same ?+ ?r\gh _m c5turies1 us+ t]ms diff]5tly v>i$1 sometimes int]*ang+ ! consonant & v[el s\nds1 z 0 common 9 ! language !y us$8 ,^! v>iations1 x is true1 :5 desc5d+ into a language s remote z ours1 might n be notic$1 yet ! l+ui/ surely w trace !m all back to _! root1 ! orig9al ( 8,ca940 ,god nev] sanctions a curse )\t an adequate cause2 a cause "u ! approbation ( 8 law1 suffici5t to produce ! effect ! curse ann\nces4 ,! conduct ( ,ham to 8 fa!r prov$ him to possess a degrad$1 a v debas$ m9d2 b t alone c\ld n produce s vital1 s int]m9able a *ange 9 ! moral & physical condition ( 8 (fspr+4 ,& :]e are we to look = su* a cause1 unless 9 m>riage8 ,& ) :om c\ld su* an int]m>riage be _h1 except ) ! curs$ race ( ,ca98 ,! ill-mann]s ( ,ham no d\bt accel]at$ ! "t ( ! ann\ncem5t ( ! curse1 b 0 n ! sole cause4 ,! cause mu/ h previ\sly exi/$2 & ! effect w\ld necess>ily h be5 produc$1 ev5 if x _h nev] be5 ann\nc$4 ,b aga91 ! condition ( slav]y impos$ on ! desc5dants ( ,ham1 subject$ !m to be b\ght & sold2 !y became objects ( pur*ase z prop]ty1 = ?is quality is insep>able f ! condition ( ! mo/ abject slav]y4 ,n[ ! v "n ,ca9 signifies 8"o pur*as$40 8,i h gott5 a man f ! ,"l40 ,! ^w 8gott510 9 ! orig9al1 is ! ^w 8 "m ,eve gave h] son = 8 "n1 8,ca940 ,i h pur*as$1 c41 evid5tly %ad[+ =? ! fact t 8 race 7 to be subjects ( pur*ase4 ,! hi/ory ( man s9ce ! flood is accompani$ ) a suffici5cy ( facts by :i* we are enabl$ to det]m9e t ! desc5dants ( ,ham 7 black1 & t ! black man ( ,africa is ( t desc5t4 8,& ! ,"l set a m>k ^u ,ca91 le/ any f9d+ him w\ld kill him40 ,! ^w 8m>k0 is translat$ f o?2 its signification is1 a m>k by :i* to di/+ui%2 a memorial or w>n+2 miracul\s sign or wond]1 consi/+ ei!r 9 ^w or de$1 :]eby ! c]ta9ty ( any ?+ future is =etold or kn[n2 & h5ce x p>took ( ! nature ( a prophecy4 ,9 ! pres5t case x 0 ! m>k ( s9 & degradation2 x 0 ! tok5 ( 8 condition ( slav]y1 ( 8 be+ a vagabond on ! e>?4 ,x di/+ui%$ 8 rank ( inf]iority & wick$ness1 proclaim+ him to be ! man ^: greate/ puni%m5t 0 to live & be> 8 bur!ns1 bel[ all rival%ip4 ,h5ce its protective influ5ce4 ,n[1 by ! common cons5t ( all m51 at all times1 :at has be5 ! m>k ( s9 & degradation8 ,7 we ev5 n[1 among ourselves1 ab\t to describe "o ( exce$+ly wick$ & degrad$ "*1 %\ld we say t he look$ v :ite8 ,or %\ld we say t 8 "* 0 black8 ,& s has be5 ! use ( ! t]m s9ce language has be5 able to s5d d[n to di/ant times ! ideas & associations ( m54 8,_! visage is black] ?an a coal40 8,our sk9 0 black40 8,i am black3 a/oni%m5t ha? tak5 hold on me40 8,= ?\gh ?\ wa% !e ) nitre1 & take !e mu* soap1 yet ?9e iniquity is m>k$ be=e me1 sai? ! ,"l ,god40 ,& :o %all say t ! wick$1 disgu/+ mode ( life1 ! practices det]iorat+ ! physical & m5tal p[]s imput$ to ! ,ca9ites1 d n con/itute :at "s may call a philosophical cause ( ! physical developm5t ( ! m>k ( s98 ,does n our own obs]vation tea* u t a s+le lifetime1 sp5t 9 ! practice ( "s degrad+ s9s1 leaves ^u ! p]son ! evid5ce1 ! m>k1 ! pro( ( su* practice8 ,we are "u no compulsion ( evid5ce or belief to suppose t ! m>k set ^u ,ca9 0 ! product ( a mom5t2 b ! gradual result ( 8 wick$ practices1 z a physical & moral cause4 ,b all[ ! fact to h be5 t1 9 ! case ( ,ca91 ! physical *ange 0 in/antane\s1 ,god _h ! p[] to in/itute 9 a mom5t :at %\ld !reaft] be produc$ only by progression or inh]itance4 ,god creat$ man2 b1 !reaft]1 man 0 born & became mature ?r\gh ! in/rum5tality only ( physical causes4 8,! %ew ( _! c\nt5ance do? witness aga9/ !m2 & !y decl>e _! s9 z ,sodom1 !y hide x n40 ,isa4 iii4 #i4 ,9 fact1 8,! faces ( !m all ga!r blackness40 ,nahum ii4 #aj4 ,b we "k t ! desc5dants ( ,ham 7 black2 nor is x /at$ t any p]sonal m>k 0 plac$ ^u him1 al?\gh ! "n appli$ to 8 fir/-born son1 8,cu%10 signifies t he 0 black1 giv+ pro( t ! col\r 0 inh]it$2 b f :om8 ,n f 8 fa!r6 8,c ! ,e?iopian 7 ,cu%i1 ! ,cu%ite1 ! black man7 *ange 8 sk980 ,! evid5ce =c$ on ! m9d leads to ! conclusion t ! desc5dants ( ,ham 7 black1 n by ! progressive op]ation ( ! laws ( ,god on ! c\rse ( s9 :i* !y d\btless practis$1 b t !y 7 s at bir?1--consequ5tly an inh]itance f p>5tage4 ,& a fur!r conclusion also is1 t ! wife ( ,ham mu/ h be5 black1 ( ! race ( ,ca91 inh]it+ 8 m>k1 & t t m>k 0 black4 ,a fur!r pro( t ,ham took to wife a daught] ( ! race ( ,ca9 is f\nd 9 ! traces ( evid5ce indicat+ h] p]son1 :o %e 04 ,lame*1 ( ! race ( ,ca91 _h a daught]1 ,naamah2 h] "n is giv5 z ! la/ 9 ! g5ealogy ( ,ca94 ,:y did ! inspir$ p5man ?9k x necess>y to s5d h] "n d[n to u8 ,:y 0 ! g5ealogy ( ,ca9 giv5 u1 unless to ann\nce "s fact important = u to "k8 ,if ?is :ole race 7 to be cut (f by ! flood1 we see no?+ 9 ! g5ealogy tea*+ any lesson to ! desc5dants ( ,noah4 ,:y 0 ! p>ticul> l9e f ,ca9 to ,naamah select$1 unless %e 0 ! p>ticul> object design$ to be po9t$ out8 ,hundr$s ( o!r g5ealogies1 comm5c+ 9 ,ca9 & t]m9at+ 9 "s "o j at ! com+ ( ! flood1 exi/$2 b n writt5 d[n nor transmitt$1 = ! obvi\s reason t su* li/ c\ld be ( no b5efit to po/]ity4 ,are we n1 !n1 l$ to believe t !re 0 "s design 9 ! pres]vation ( ! "o t]m9at+ 9 ,naamah8 ,b ?is g5ealogy c\ld only be pres]v$ ?r\gh ! family ( ,noah2 ?r\gh :om we also h a g5ealogy ( ! l9e f ,se?1 t]m9at+ 9 ,noah's y\nge/ son4 ,^! two /& 9 a p>allel position1 at ! foot ( ea* sep>ate li/4 ,b x is s extremely unusual = anci5t g5ealogies to give ! "n ( a female1 :o _h bro!rs1 t x becomes /rong evid5ce1 :5 su* catalogue t]m9ates 9 ! "n ( su* a female1 t %e p]sonally 0 ! individual on ^: acc\nt ! catalogue 0 =m$4 ,is n ?is consid]ation1 & ! fact t x c\ld only be pres]v$ by ! family ( ,noah1 evid5ce t !y atta*$ suffici5t importance to x to make its pres]vation by !m a desirable object8 ,inasmu* z ,naamah belong$ to a race di/9ct f t ( ,se?1 c\ld ! family ( ,noah h any desire to pres]ve h] l9eage f any o!r cause ?an t ( h] hav+ become a memb] ( t family8--9 :i* case ! cause ( its pres]vation is obvi\s1 & a ?+ to h be5 expect$4 ,on any o!r /ate ( facts1 w\ld !y h c>efully h&$ d[n ! g5ealogy1 s f> z we are in=m$1 ( a m]e un9t]e/+ woman ( ! curs$ race ( ,ca91 & neglect$ to h giv5 u ! "n & g5ealogy ( ,noah's wife1 ( ! m holy race ( ,se?8 ,! presumption !n be+ t %e did become ! wife ( "o ( ,noah's sons1 ! fir/ inquiry is1 to :i* 0 %e atta*$8 ,a suffici5t answ] to ?is "q1 = ! pres5t mom5t1 w be f\nd 9 ! fact t ,ham 0 doom$ to p]petual & bitt] slav]y1 :ile 8 bro!rs 7 bless$ & orda9$ to be 8 ma/]s4 ,n[ s9ce an amalgamation ( ! races ( ,se? & ,ca9 0 deem$ a mo/ griev\s s9 be=e ! flood1 if ,japhe? or ,%em _h ei!r ( !m tak5 ,naamah to wife1 x w\ld be pa/ und]/&+ to f9d !m bo? highly bless$ & made ! ma/]s ( ,ham4 ,b a m direct evid5ce t ,ham did take to wife ,naamah1 ( ! race ( ,ca91 is f\nd 9 ! fact t ! desc5dants ( ,ham commemorat$ h] "n by giv+ x to p]sons ( _! race1 z desc5dants might be expect$ to d1 :o wi%$ to keep x 9 remembrance4 ,! "n ( h] "m also is f\nd 9 simil> use4 ,^! names are v>i$1 (t51 f ! orig9al =m1 z are a great numb] ( prop] names f\nd 9 use among ! anci5t nations4 ,^! words we %all h h]eaft] occasion p>ticul>ly to exam9e4 ,we %all m]ely add1 t 9 ! m>riage ( ,ham & ,naamah we may f9d a reasonable explanation = ! o!rwise inexplicable spee* ( ,lame* to 8 two wives1--s9ce su* m>riage w\ld h produc$1 :at we f9d 0 produc$1 ! ru9 & degradation ( ,ham1--we might say1 8 moral dea?1 8 ext+ui%m5t1 f ! race ( ,se?4 ,"s comm5tators d$uce ! "n ,naamah f ! root 8nam10 & consequ5tly make x signify beautiful4 ,we give x q a diff]5t orig91 :i* we %all expla9 at l>ge else:]e4 ,x is to be expect$ t m5 w diff] 9 op9ion z to ! hi/orical facts ( ^! e>ly days4 ,"s h made ,naamah a pure sa9t2 "s1 ! wife ( ,noah2 "s1 ( h] bro!r1 ,tubal-,ca92 "s make h] ! hea!n goddess ,v5us2 o!rs1 ! "m ( evil spirits4 ,?us div]sifi$ h be5 ! speculations ( m54 ,we pres5t our view1 because we believe x bett] su/a9$ by ,scripture & kn[n facts ?an any we h exam9$3 b we deem x no way important 9 ! ju/ification ( ! ways ( ,god to man2 =1 :atev] ! tru? may be1 ?is we "k1 t ! curse ( slav]y 01 if ,scripture be true1 unalt]ably utt]$ aga9/ ! race ( ,ham1--9 :i* condition1 z a p1 !y ev] h be5 & /ill are f\nd3 a condition s well adapt$ to _! physical & m5tal organization1 ! result ( ages sp5t 9 bad1 deg5]at+ habits1 t :5 held 9 su* relation by ! races ( ,japhe? or ,%em1 ! race ( ,ham is f\nd gradually to em]ge f its native brutality into a /ate ( comp>ative elevation & usefulness 9 ! _w2 a condition )\t :i* !y1 z a race1 h nev] be5 f\nd progress+1 b ev] exhibit+ ! desire ( w&]+ backw>d1 9 se>* ( ! life ( ! vagabond1 9 ! mid/ ( ! wild]ness ( s92--unless 9 ?is au?or1 ,dr4 ,*ann+1 we f9d an exception2 = he m ?an intimates t he f\nd ! negro wom5 ( ,jamaica r to excel ! :ite ones ( ,new ,engl&4 ,we believe1 accord+ to 8 own ta/e & judgm5t1 :at he said 0 true2 b we also believe 8 ta/e 0 v deprav$1 & 8 judgm5t ( no value on ?is subject2 yet we feel less a/oni%m5t at ! deg5]ate sons ( ,se? be=e ! flood1 on ! acc\nt ( _! admiration ( ! black daught]s ( ! race ( ,ca92 & we %\ld feel x a subject ( curi\s solicitude1 if ,dr4 ,*ann+'s ta/e & judgm5t on ?is subject 7 to become ! /&>d among 8 disciples1 :e!r !y w1 by _! practice1 illu/rate ! habit ( ^! ant$iluvians6 ------------------------------------ ,/udy ,,iv4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,i4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! pres5t /udy1 we propose to notice ! doctr9e & action ( ! *ur* z connect$ ) ! subject ( slav]y2 & to exam9e :at 7 ! t5ets & conduct ( ^? m5 :o claim$ to be gov]n$ by ! imm$iate tea*+s ( ,*ri/ & 8 apo/les4 ,9 ?is inve/igation1 we mu/ apply to ! records ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 al?\gh we are aw>e t1 9 ! m9ds ( "s1 /rong & bitt] prejudice may exi/ aga9/ ^! records2 t "s w say ! cank] ( corruption _h de/roy$ ! v k]nel ( ,*ri/ianity 9 t *ur*4 ,b[]1 a ,prote/ant au?or1 9 ! preface to 8 8,hi/ory ( ! ,popes10 #g vols4 qu>to1 says-- 8,we mu/ own ! popes to h be51 g5]ally speak+1 m5 ( extraord9>y tal5ts1 ! able/ politicians we read ( 9 hi/ory2 /atesm5 fit to gov]n ! _w1 & equal to ! va/ dom9ion !y grasp$ at2 a dom9ion ov] ! m9ds z well z ! bodies & e/ates ( mank9d2 a dom9ion1 ( all t ev] 7 =m$1 ! mo/ wide & ext5sive1 z kn[+ no o!r b\nds b ^? ( ! e>?40 ,page #aj1 vol4 i4 #c;d edition1 ,london1 #agej4 ,mr4 ,b[] 0 a v le>n$ man1 _h be5 educat$ a ,ca?olic1 0 pr(essor ( rhetoric1 hi/ory1 & philosophy 9 ! univ]sities ( ,rome1 ,f]mo1 & ,mac]ata1 & c\nsellor ( ! ,inquisition at ,rome4 ,he comm5c$ a "w to prove ! pope's infallibility & supremacy4 ,b he prov$ to himself ! adv]se doctr9e4 ,he resign$ 8 pr(essor%ips & places1 remov$ to ,london1 abjur$ ! ,ca?olic religion1 & wrote ! "w quot$4 ,x is a "w ( great lab\r & m]it1 & well wor? ! att5tion ( ! curi\s 9 ^! matt]s4 ,b x is prop] "h to rem>k1 t ,mr4 ,sale1 9 8 preface to 8 translation ( ! ,koran1 has made a sev]e1 yet an unexpla9$ attack1 on ! "* ( ?is writ]2 b :atev] may h be5 ! provocation1 we h to view him ?r\gh 8 book4 ,x is n always possible = a j degree ( m]it to be aw>d$ ^? :o liv$ 9 =m] times4 ,we _c always le>n ! circum/ances influ5c+ !m1 nor d we (t5 ?r[ our m9ds back into _! peculi> position1 by :i* alone c we be able to give a j value to ^? influ5ces4 ,hi/ory has h&$ u a few ( ! acts ( him :o liv$ a ?\s& ye>s ago2 by !m we judge1 z ?\gh he liv$ to-day1 acts :i* prejudice may h di/ort$1 or fav\r pres5t$ to ! l5s ( "t4 ,we mu/ look to ! condition ( ?+s at ! "t ( ! act2 to ! probable effect "u su* condition1 & to ! real effect z develop$ by "t4 ,pope ,b5$ict ,,ix4 asc5d$ ! ?rone 9 ,a4,d4 #ajcc4 ,he is v unfav\rably kn[n to hi/ory4 ,dur+ 8 "t !re 0 a v p[]ful faction rag+ aga9/ him at ,rome1 by :i*1 at "o "t1 he 0 driv5 into exile4 ,he is said to h sold ! pop$om1 because 8 debau*]ies made him an object ( contempt1 & he wi%$ to be free f re/ra9t2 b 9 #ajda1 f\r ye>s be=e he ab&on$ ! papal *air1 he e/abli%$1 at a c\ncil 9 ,aquita9e1 ! ,treuga ,dei1 :5ce x has be5 said t1 dur+ ?ree days 9 ! week1 he p]mitt$ any man to commit all sorts ( crimes1 ev5 murd]1 free f *ur* c5sure1 c4 ,by ! ,treuga ,dei1 = any wrong done him1 no p]son 0 p]mitt$ to rev5ge himself1 f ,w$nesday ev5+ to ,monday morn+3 con/ru$1 z above1 by "s1 t he might d s dur+ ! rema9+ portion ( ! week4 ,! facts 71 all ,europe 0 /ill grop+ 9 ! ignorance ( ! d>ke/ ages2 yet ,*ri/ianity _h be5 firmly e/abli%$ z a sy/em ( fai?4 ,! *ur* _h always =bidd5 a rev5geful r$ress ( individual wrongs2 &1 = su* acts1 h] prie/s ev] ?reat5$ excommunication4 ,b ^! *>ges _h little or no effect dur+ ^! /ill semi-idolatr\s & b>b>\s ages4 ,! k+s 7 b heads ( tribes1 too weak to re/ra9 _! nobles1 z ! nobles 7 _! vassals3 "u su* a /ate ( ?+s1 ea* "o /rove to r$ress 8 own wrongs4 ,?is l$ to con/ant murd]s1 & e k9d ( crime4 ,ea* /ate 0 con/antly agitat$ by civil commotions & blood%$4 ,great moral *anges are advanc$ by %ort /eps4 ,! *ur* took ?is evil 9 h&1 & h5ce ! ,treuga ,dei1 a ^w us$ 9 ! ,lat9 ( t day1 a corruption f ! ,go?ic triggua1 & n[ f\nd 9 ! ,spani% & ,italian 8tregua10 & f :5ce our ^w truce4 ,! curse ( ,god 0 pron\nc$ aga9/ all (f5d]s1 & dea? foll[$ a discov]y ( ! crime4 ,x 0 ?\ght to be a ,div9e sugge/ion1 & h5ce ! "n4 ,all cons5t$ to yield to x z su*1 & x 0 f\nd to h a p[]ful effect4 ,9 #ajie1 x 0 w>mly su/a9$ 9 ! ,c\ncil ( ,cl]mont1 "u ,urban ,,ii41 & ext5d$ to all ! holy-days1 & p]petually to cl]ks1 monks1 pilgrims1 m]*ants1 husb&m51 & wom51 & to ! p]sons & prop]ty ( all :o w\ld engage 9 crusades1 & aga9/ all deva/ations by fire4 ,x 0 re-e/abli%$ 9 #aajb1 by ,pas*al ,,ii42 9 #aaci1 by ,innoc5t ,,ii42 9 #aahj1 by ,alex&] ,,iii42 nor w\ld x be difficult to %[ t ! ,treuga ,dei1 ! ,truce ( ,god1 ( ,b5$ict ,,ix41 0 "o ( ! mo/ important1 dur+ ! prim>y /eps t[>ds ! civilization ( ,europe2 su* 0 ! /ate ( society 9 t age ( ! _w4 ,b we ackn[l$ge t individuals ( ! ,roman *ur*1 "s ( :om obtrud$ !mselves into ! prie/hood1 h be5 v corrupt m54 ,b h n simil> obtrusions happ5$ 9 e o!r ,*ri/ian1 ,prote/ant1 or wor?y association ( m58 ,h we n se51 among ! apo/les1 a ,judas1 betray+ ! ,savi\r ( ! _w8 ,ananias & ,sapphira1 attempt+ to sw9dle ev5 ,god himself8 ,( confid5ce betray$ among m51 ne$ we po9t to ! tragical dea? ( ,s]vetus1 :i* has = ev] plac$ ! bloody m>k ( murd] on ! face ( ,calv98 ,& may we n f9d sometimes1 among ourselves1 lam5table in/ances ( corruption1 :i*1 9 ! blackness ( _! "*1 defy ! p[]s ( ! p58 ,in/ances1 :]e1 recreant to e hone/1 noble1 & holy feel+1 individuals1 hidd51 z !y ?9k1 b5ea? ! robes ( righte\sness1 h c>ri$ pov]ty & di/ress to ! h\se ( ! wid[1 trampl+ on ! rights--may be1 ! life--( ! orphan1 & ev5 us+ ! confid5ce ( a bro!r to betray & rob him8 ,nor is x a matt] ( any exultation to ! brok51 ! w\nd$ m9d1 t1 9 all su* in/ances1 unless ! /9k ( insignificance %all totally exclude su* crim9al f ! page ( hi/ory1 :atev] may be ! cloak he may we>1 tru? w ev5tually = ev] conv]t x into ! burn+ %irt ( ,nessus4 ,b1 if y call a dog a ?ief1 he feels no %ame4 ,g5]ations ( en=c$ improvem5t & ! grace ( ,god alone c wipe out ! /a9s ( an evil he>t4 ,nor c man alt] ?is 8 de/9y4 ,!re=e1 9 all ages1 & among all m51 ! t>es & ! :eat h be5 f\nd 9 ! same field4 ,:at presumption1 !n1 if n blasphemy1 9 opposition to ! ^w ( ,jehovah1 to say1 t ! loom+ light ( tru? nev] dawn$ ^u ?is night ( "t until ! adv5t ( ,lu!r or ,knox6 ,9 pres5t+ ! action & records ( ! *ur* & e>ly fa!rs1 we h freely adopt$ ! s5tim5ts & facts dige/$ by ,bi%op ,engl&1 to :om1 we take occasion "h to say1 we feel z mu* indebt$1 z ?\gh we _h m]ely *ang$ a p>ticle or delet$ :at 0 irrelevant to our subject4 ,nor d we "k ( high] hon\r we c d ?is great & good man ?an to l5d our feeble mite to ext5d ! k ( 8 rese>*1 8 purity1 & great le>n+2 & if1 9 ! cont9uation ( ?is 8 unf9i%$ /udy1 amid ! pagan sup]/itions & bigot$ ?\s&s ( ,islam 9 b5ight$ ,asia1 ! conflicts ( ! ,cross & ! ,w& ( ,wod51 dur+ ! d>k ages ( cont95tal ,europe1 we may be suff]$ to feel ! elevat+ influ5ce ( 8 life-giv+ mantle1 we %all also surely feel elevat$ hopes ( a high immortality4 ,b1 x may be well "h to rem>k1 t we h no sect>ian *ur* to su/a92 t we belong to no religi\s ord]2 nor h1 z yet1 subscrib$ to any fai? =m$ by man4 ,& :ile we advocate ! cause ( religion & tru?1 yield+ ourselves 9 all humility to ! influ5ce ( ,div9e p[]1 we feel z c]ta9 ( 8 f9al notice1 z ?\gh we _h m>*$ ?r\gh "u a ?\s& bann]s at ! head ( ! _w4 ,we h all confid5ce 9 ! ^w ( him :o ha? said t ev5 ! sp>r[ falle? n )\t 8 notice4 ,b1 x is said1 :5 disease infuses bile into ! organs ( sight1 ! objects ( vision h a peculi> t+e3 to bl5d previ\s1 sometimes num]\s1 impressions into "o p]ception1 is a common action ( ! m9d4 ,?us ! pres5t idea is (t5 modifi$ by ^? t h prec$$2 & h5ce we may conclude h[ (t5 ! m9d is "u ! ins5sible influ5ce ( prejudice4 ,^u ^! facts %e has en?ron$ h] p[]4 ,b he :o has s*ool$ 8 m9d 9 ! doctr9es ( a tranquil devotion1 :o habituates himself to view all ?+s pa/1 pres5t1 & to come1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( cause & effect1 z ! m]e l9ks ( "o va/ *a91 rea*+ f ,omnipot5ce to ! pres5t action1 may well rise sup]ior to ! tumult ( passion or ! empire ( prejudice4 ,& to ! utilit>ian p]mit u to say1 t prejudice is peculi>ly unsuit$ to ! age ( moral & physical improvem5t 9 :i* we live4 ,let no "o say1 ! _s ( improvem5t has a deep root1 & its l(ty hopes _c be subv]t$2 t ! mo/ p5etrat+ philosophy _c prescribe its limits1 ! mo/ ard5t imag9ation rea* its b\nds3 r let him reflect t all improvem5t mu/ = ev] foll[ ! foot/eps ( tru?2 & t ! peculi> prov9ce ( prejudice is to set u aside f its pa?4 ,) su* views1 let u = a mom5t consid] ! circum/ances att5d+ ! e>ly ages ( ! ,roman *ur*2 & let u note t1 al?\gh h] prie/s 7 b m51 :e!r h] records are n z reliable z if "s ( h] peculi>ities _h be5 diff]5t1 or %e _h be5 call$ by a diff]5t "n4 ,b we %all n quote or pursue ^! records d[n to s late a day z ! ,prote/ant ,re=mation4 ,we hope1 !re=e1 t ! ,prote/ant w say t ! records we quote are1 mo/ decid$ly1 ! records ( ! *ur*4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,ii4 ,! moral condition ( man 0 peculi>4 ,to a great ext5t ! religi\s sy/ems ( ! ,old ,_w _h be5 analyz$ by ! intellig5t2 !y no long] gave confid5ce to ! m9d4 ,! sanctity ( ! temples 0 dissipat$ by ! m]e speculations ( philosophy1 & ! gods ( idolatry tott]$ on _! p$e/als4 ,! nations ( ! e>? 7 br\ght 9 subjection1 9 slav]y1 to ! feet ( imp]ial ,rome2 & _! gods1 be+ pres5t$ face to face1 lo/ _! div9ity by ! rival%ip ( m54 ,su* 0 ! condition ( ! moral _w :5 ,*ri/ianity 0 introduc$ to mank9d4 ,! old religions pret5d$ to give safety by b>ga9 ( sacrifice1 by p5ance1 & paym5t1 b ! religion ( ,jesus ,*ri/ taught t salvation & safety 7 ! free gift ( ,god4 ,! hi/ory ( man proves ! fact t he has ev] be5 dispos$ to pur*ase happ9ess on e>? & felicity 9 heav5 by 8 own acts1 or by ! m]it ( 8 condition2 & h5ce1 we always f9d t a corrupt$ ,*ri/ianity = ev] bord]s on ! conf9es ( idolatry4 ,nor is x difficult to %[ h[ ?is easily runs into all ! wild extravagancies ( human reason1 or1 r1 human ignorance2 :ile ! simplicity ( tru? t5ds to a calm submission1 & a desire ( ob$i5ce to ! w & laws ( ! only true ,god4 ,! "o 0 ! religion ( ! gov]nm5t ( m51 ( %[1 ( political p[]1 & exp$i5cy2 ! o!r is ( heav51 ( tru?4 8,my k+dom is n ( ?is _w40 ,! b>b>ians ( nor!rn ,europe & we/]n ,asia1 :ile yet only illum9$ by "s fa9t rays ( ! ,*ri/ian light1 feel+ f habit ! want ( ! ext]nal pomp & ! gov]n+ control ( a religi\s p[]1 9 a half-savage1 half-hea!n /ate ( m9d1 7 dispos$ to pro/rate !mselves at ! feet ( ! *ief prie/ ( ,rome4 ,9 ! ye> #cab1 "u ! pontificate ( ,mel*iades1 7by ! ,greeks call$ ,miltiades17 ! ,emp]or ,con/ant9e e/abli%$ ! ,*ri/ian *ur* by law4 ,?us su/a9$1 x became at once ! pool 9 :i* ambition & crime s\ght to cleanse _! robes4 ,yet1 b5ea? its wat]s 7 priceless pe>ls4 ,torn by s*ism1 sometimes by temporal misrule1 ! *ur* langui%$1--b liv$4 ,= sev]al c5turies ! future became a m]e v>iation ( ! pa/4 ,! ways ( ,god are inde$ inscrutable4 ,a flam+ meteor 9 ! ea/ n[ agitat$ ! m9d4 ,l ! insects ( twilight1 ?\s&s m>%all$ "u ! cresc5t light ( ! prophet4 ,! disciples ( ,mohamm$ swept f ! e>? ! *ur*es at ,antio* & ,alex&ria1 sudd5ly made inroads on ,europe1 conqu]$ ,spa91 & 7 9 /ep to ov]leap ! ,pyr5ees & ,alps4 ,let u /ep aside1 & reconnoitre _! ho/6 ,! object ( ! ,arabian1 ,s>ac51 & ,moori% w>riors 0 ! propagation ( _! cre$4 ,! alt]native 0 propos$ to all1--its embrace1 or tribute2 if reject$1 ! *ance ( w>4 ,p]sia & ,syria 7 quickly subdu$4 ,egypt & ,cyprus gave way1 ,a4,d4 #fde4 ,! slave ( ,jews or ,*ri/ians seldom reject$ fre$om 9 fav\r ( ! cross2 if s1 he 0 r$uc$ to ! level ( ! vile/ brute4 ,! free 7 ei!r put to dea?1 or1 z a great fav\r1 p]mitt$ to be slaves4 ,?us ! ,*ri/ian ma/] & slave 7 (t5 9 a rev]s$ condition "u ,mohamm$an rule4 ,sicily & ! :ole nor!rn ,africa sub/itut$ ! cresc5t = ! ,cross2 & 9 quick succession ,spa9 0 invad$ & ! ?rone ( ,rod]ick ov]turn$4 ,tol$o yield$ to ,m\sa2 & ,fleury1 lib4 xli4 "p #be1 says--8,he put ! *ief m5 to dea?1 & subjugat$ all ,spa91 z f> z ,s>agossa1 :i* he f\nd op54 ,he burn$ ! t[ns1 he _h ! mo/ p[]ful citiz5s crucifi$1 he cut ! ?roats ( *ildr5 & infants1 & spread t]ror on e side40 ,italy 0 9 con/]nation2 ! *ur* trembl$1 & ,con/ant9ople 0 ?reat5$4 ,cross+ ! ,pyr5ees1 ,a4,d4 #gai1 !y p\r$ d[n ^u ,france1 met ,*>les1 ! fa!r ( ,pep91 & ,eude ( ,aquita9e1 :o slew ,zama1 & compell$ 8 troops to raise ! siege ( ,t\l\se2 b1 recov]+ confid5ce1 _! incursions 7 frequ5t & bloody2 & ! hi/orians ( t day ann\nce t1 ^u "o occasion alone1 !y lo/ #cgj1jjj m5 ^u ! fields ( ,france4 ,b ^! rev]ses 7 ! b[ ( hope to ! ,p59sula4 ,alphonsus /ruck a bl[1 & 9 "o day retook _m t[ns & releas$ f bondage t5 ?\s& ,*ri/ian slaves4 ,^! ex]tions 7 cont9u$ ) int]mitt$ success2 &1 l ! retir+ ?und] ( ! retreat+ /orm1 ! rage ( battle became less t]rific & at m di/ant p]iods2 b ! /&>d ( ,islam /ill cont9u$ to affright5 ! _w1 alt]nately flam+ its r$ gl>e ov] ! ,p59sula to ! m\nta9s ( ,france & ! pla9s ( ,italy1 & until embattl$ ,europe1 excit$ to ,croisade1 dispell$ its p[] on ! banks ( ! ,jordan4 ,b1 let u return4 ,ai/ulphus appe>s amid ?is flame ( w>4 ,8 ,lomb>ds ?reat5 ext]m9ation1 & br&i% ! sword at ! v gates ( ,rome4 ,pep9 _h n[ usurp$ ! ?rone ( ! ,franks4 ,he dem&$ ! confirmation ( ! *ur*2 &1 9 return1 promis$ protection to ! 8,republic ( ,god40 ,rome saw ! prospect ( h] ru91 ) se>*+ eyes look$ = aid1 & confirm$ ,pep9 9 8 secul> p[]2 :o1 9 gratitude1 drove = a "t ! ,lomb>ds f ,italy1 & deposit$ ! keys ( ! conqu]$ cities on ! alt> ( ,sa9t ,pet]4 ,! ,roman emp]ors _h n[ long s9ce remov$ _! c\rt to ,con/ant9ople4 ,_! p[] ov] we/]n ,europe vacillat$ ) ! /rife ( ! times4 ,*>lemagne n[ appe>s kiss+ ! /eps ( ! ?rone ( ! *ur*4 ,aga9 he appe>s1 ma/] ( all ! nations compos+ ! ,we/]n ,empire1 & ( ,rome2 &1 on ,*ri/mas-day1 9 ! ye> #hjj1 ,leo ,,iii4 plac$ ! cr[n ( ! ,roman emp]ors on ! head ( ! son ( ,pep94 ,b1 z yet1 ! act ( cr[n+ by ! pope 0 a m]e =m4 ,fifty ye>s _h sc>cely sunk 9 ! pa/1 :5 ! ,emp]or ,basilius expell$ ,photius f ! patri>*al see ( 8 capital4 ,he 0 *>g$ ) hav+ be5 ! tool ( ! ,emp]or ,mi*ael4 ,he claim$ supremacy ov] ! pope ( ,rome4 ,hadrian _h n[ asc5d$ ! papal *air1 #hfg4 ,jeal\s ( ! bold _s ( ,photius1 8 excommunication 0 record$1 & ,ignatius in/all$ 9 8 see4 ,b ! ,greeks & ,bulg>ians1 jeal\s = _! native prie/hood1 dem&$ by :at au?ority ! see ( ,rome claim$ jurisdiction ov] ! ,old & ,new ,epirus1 ,!ssaly1 & ,d>dania1 ! c\ntry n[ call$ ,bulg>ia4 ,= m ?an f\r c5turies !re _h be5 occasional jeal\sies betwe5 ^! two *ur*es2 c]ta9 articles ( fai? cont9u$ subjects ( diff]5ce2 & ! que/ions ( temporal & spiritual prec$5ce made !m ev] wat*ful4 ,hi/ory records t1 z e>ly z #fjf1 ,phocas1 hav+ asc5d$ ! imp]ial ?rone1 tread+ ^u ! dead bodies ( ! ,emp]or ,mauritius1 8 *ildr5 & fri5ds1--,cyriacus1 ! patri>*1 expos$ to 8 view ! enormity ( 8 crimes1 & mo/ zeal\sly exhort$ to rep5tance4 ,! supremacy ( ord] & dignity 0 in/antly grant$ to ! patri>* ( ,rome1 9 ! p]son ( ,boniface ,,iii4 ,b 8 successors1 _! hi/orians say1 wisely refus$1 disclaim$ ! fav\r ( ,phocas1 b claim$ x z a ,div9e "r d]iv$ f ,/4 ,pet]4 ,?us comm5c$ & 0 made f9al ! sev]ance ( ! ,greek & ,roman *ur*es4 ,b ! loss ( spiritual rule 9 ! ea/ 0 accompani$ by an enl>gem5t ( temporal p[] 9 ! we/4 ,^u ! dea? ( ,hadrian1 ,john1 ! son ( ,gundo1 succe$$ to ! papal *air2 &1 ^u ! demise ( ,lewis ,,ii41 7#hgf17 8 uncles1 ,lewis1 k+ ( ,g]many1 & ,*>les ! ,bald1 k+ ( ,france1 7 rivals = ! vacant ?rone4 ,*>les & ,hadrian 7 ev] at v>iance4 ,b1 seiz+ ^u ! mom5t1 because he 0 m ready at h&1 or m yield+ to 8 wi%es1 ,john invok$ him in/antly at ,rome1 receiv$ him ) l\de/ acclamations1 & cr[n$ him emp]or1 j sev5ty-five ye>s to a day f ! elevation ( ,*>lemagne to ! ,we/]n ,empire4 ,^u ?is occasion1 ,pope ,john ann\nc$ t he _h elect$ him emp]or 9 con=mity to ! reveal$ w ( ,god2 t 8 act ( cr[n+ him made him su*2 & t ! sceptre1 "u ,god1 0 8 free gift4 ,?is new doctr9e 0 ass5t$ to by ,*>les1 & ev] aft] claim$ z "o ( ! p[]s ( ! pope ( ,rome4 ,?us ! *ur* ( ,rome became :olly sep>at$ f ! ,ea/]n ,empire1--8freely los+ its hold on a decay$ tree1 to graft itself ^u a wild & vigor\s sapl+40 ,d',aubigne4 ,eutropius1 ! ,lomb>d1 in=ms u ( ! ri* pres5ts made to ,/4 ,pet] = ^! fav\rs ( ! pope1 & t ! emp]or c$$ to him ! duk$oms1 ,b5ev5to & ,spoleti1 toge!r ) ! sov]eignty ( ,rome itself4 ,?us we h se5 :y & h[ ! brawny %\ld]s ( ! idolatr\s *ildr5 ( ! nor? elevat$ to ! ?rone1 ?us h[ ! ,franks e/abli%$ ! temporal p[]1 ( ! popes ( ,rome2 yet1 p]haps1 little 0 =ese5 h[ ?is /ate ( ?+s 0 de/9$1 9 ! c\rse ( ev5ts1 to elevate ! *ur* ( ,rome1 & ! p[] ( its pontiffs1 to a supremacy ( all temporal gov]nm5t4 ,x c\ld n h be5 =ese5 h[ ! g5ius ( ,hildebr& 7,pope ,gregory ,,vii47 %\ld1 two hundr$ ye>s aft]1 c>ry into full accompli%m5t1 by m]e words ( peace1 8:at ,m>ius & ,cs> c\ld n by torr5ts ( blood40 ,b corruption1 to a great] or less ext5t1 necess>ily foll[$ su* a connection ( *ur* & /ate4 ,x matt]s n to :om1 nor 9 :at age1--give *ur*es temporal p[]1 & !y are liable to be corrupt4 ,b ! *ur* 0 /ill a f\nta9 f :i* ! liv+ wat]s 7 disp5s$ to mank9d4 ,in/ances ( p]sonal wick$ness may h be5 m or less common2 yet ! _s ( tru? f\nd x a focal resid5ce1 & diffus$ its light to ! _w4 ,! ,*ri/ian *ur* is n ! contrivance ( man1 ^: works pass away1 b ( ,god1 :o upholds :at he creates1 & :o has giv5 8 promise = its duration4 ,its object is to satisfy ! religi\s wants ( human nature1 9 :atev] degree t nature may be develop$2 & its efficacy is no great] = ! le>n$ ?an = ! unle>n$2 = ! exalt$ ( ! e>?1 ?an = ! slave4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,iii4 ,x is said all nature sw>ms ) life4 ,b e animal1 9 "s way1 preys ^u 8 fell[4 ,ev5 we _c move our foot )\t becom+ ! means ( de/ruction to petty animals capable ( palpitat+ = h\rs1 may be days1 9 ! agonies ( dea?4 ,!re is no day ^u ?is e>?1 9 :i* m51 & millions ( o!r animals1 are n tortur$ 9 "s way1 to ! fulle/ ext5t ( life4 ,let u look at man alone2 poor & oppress$2 torm5t$ by inju/ice1 & /upifi$ to le?>gy2 wri?+ "u disease1 or tortur$ by 8 bre?r56 ,recollect 8 m5tal pa9s6 ,! loss ( fri5ds1 & ! poison ( +ratitude2 ! rage ( tyranny1 & ! sl[ progress ( ju/ice2 ! brave1 ! high-m9d$1 ! hone/1 consign$ to ! fate ( guilt6 ,dive into ! dungeon1 or ! m obscure prison-h\se ( p5ury4 ,see ! ag$ long = 8 end1 & ! "y langui% 9 despair2 tal5ts & virtue 9 et]nal oblivion3 see malice1 v5geance1 & cruelty at _! "w1 :ile !y propagate e h\r2 = sev]ity begets its k9d1 & hate begets hate4 ,look :]e y w1 ! he>t is torn ) angui%2 ! s\l is sadd5$ by sorr[4 ,all ?+s seem at w>2 all "o va/ abortion4 ,su* is ! rugg$ surface2 & ! eye sees no gold5 s&s1 no preci\s gems gleam+ f b5ea? ! black5$ wat]s ( human suff]+4 ,^! ?+s are s2 creation has gr[n up2 & human life c nev] effect "o tremble ( ! leaf on :i* x has f\nd its resid5ce4 ,b ! ,*ri/ian philosoph] views ^! evid5ces ( a great moral cata/rophe )\t madness4 ,he p]ceives t s9 has sunk man into degradation1 slav]y1 & dea?4 ,he compreh5ds 8 own weakness1 & tru/s 9 ,god4 ,b !re is a man1 ) all ^! facts be=e him1 :o rages4 ,he makes w> on ! provid5ce1 & det]m9es1 z if to r5ovate ! "w1 ( ! ,almighty4 ,is he a man ( a s+le idea8 ,if n1 let him make a bett] _w2 &1 :ile he is ?us employ$1 let u resume our subject4 ,slav]y1 ei!r volunt>y or involunt>y1 :e!r ! imm$iate result ( crime or ( m5tal & physical degradation1 is equally ! consequ5t ( s94 ,let u consid] h[ f> its exi/5ce is su/a9$ by ! laws ( ju/ice1 ( religion1 & ( ,god4 ,our ^w1 ,god1 is pure ,saxon1 signify+ 8p]fectly good20 8,god is good40 8,& ,god saw e ?+ t he _h made1 &1 behold1 x 0 v good40 ,suppose ! laws ( ,japan p]mit volunt>y slav]y1 z did ^? ( ,moses4 7,see ,exod4 xxi4 #e2 also ,lev4 xxv4 #dg47 ,suppose an ,african negro1 ( ! l[e/ grade1 de/itute & nak$1 volunt>ily f9ds himself 9 t isl&1 :]e ! poor1 free inhabitants sc>cely su/a9 life by ! mo/ con/ant toil4 ,! negro f9ds no employm5t4 ,he c nei!r buy1 beg1 nor /eal2 />vation is at h&4 ,he applies to sell himself1 "u ! law ( ! c\ntry1 a slave = life4 ,is n slav]y1 9 ?is case1 a good1 because life is a great] good ?an lib]ty8 ,lib]ty is wor? no?+ 9 opposition to life4 ,lib]ty is wor? no?+ )\t available possessions to su/a9 x4 ,! pres]vation ( life is ! highe/ law4 ,! law ( ,god1 !re=e1 w\ld be contradictory1 if x =bid a man to sell himself to su/a9 8 life2 & ! ju/ice & propriety ( su* law mu/ be univ]sal & et]nal1 s f> z x c h relation ) ! condition ( man ^u ?is e>?4 ,b1 8,:at is life )\t lib]ty80 said a begg>-woman6 ,he1 :o ?9ks life )\t lib]ty wor? no?+1 mu/ die if he h no means to su/a9 8 lib]ty4 ,e/h] ent]ta9$ no su* notion3 8,= we are sold1 ,i & my p1 to be de/roy$ & sla91 & to p]i%4 ,b if we _h be5 sold = bond-m51 & bond-wom51 ,i _h held my tongue40 ,e/h4 vii4 #d4 ,nor has su* ev] be5 ! notion ( ! *ur*4 ,b]gi] says1 ,dict4 ,!o41 ,art4 ,esclava-- 8,t civil lib]ty became a b5efit1 only aft] ! e/abli%m5t ( civil society1 :5 man _h ! protection ( law1 & ! multipli$ facilities = subsi/5ce2 t1 previ\s to ?is1 absolute fre$om w\ld be an injury to a p]son de/itute ( flocks1 h]ds1 l&s1 & s]vants40 8,! common possession ( all ?+s is said to be ( ! natural law2 because ! di/9ction ( possessions & slav]y 7 n introduc$ by nature1 b by reason ( man1 = ! b5efit ( human life2 & ?us ! law ( nature is n *ang$ by _! introduction1 b an addition is made !reto40 ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as1 #a1 #b1 q4 #id a #ie ad #b4 ,& ! same fa!r says aga91 #b1 #b q4 #eg a #c ad #b--8,?is man is a slave1 absolutely speak+1 r a son1 n by any natural cause1 b by reason ( ! b5efits :i* are produc$2 = x is m b5eficial to ?is "o to be gov]n$ by "o :o has m wisdom1 & ! o!r to be help$ by ! lab\r ( ! =m]4 ,h5ce ! /ate ( slav]y belongs pr9cipally to ! law ( nations1 & to ! natural law1 only 9 ! second degree1 n 9 ! fir/40 ,b a man hav+ ! natural "r to sell himself proves t he has ! same "r to buy o!rs4 ,! "o foll[s ! o!r4 ,b1 suppose ! laws ( ,japan d n p]mit volunt>y slav]y = life1 or1 r t !y h no law on ! subject2 b t !y h a law1 t :osoev] proves himself to be s degrad$ t he _c1 or w n su/a9 himself1 b is f\nd loit]+1 begg+1 or /eal+1 %all be =cibly sold a slave = life1--is n ! same good effect$ z 9 ! o!r case1 al?\gh ! individual may be too debas$ to p]ceive x himself8 ,& is x difficult to p]ceive1 t ! same det]iorat+ causes h produc$ bo? cases8 ,! doctr9e ( ! *ur* is t 8dea?1 sickness1 & a l>ge tra9 ( :at is call$ natural evils1 are consid]$ to be ! consequ5ces ( s94 ,slav]y is an evil1 & is also a consequ5ce ( s940 ,bi%op ,engl&1 p4 #bc4 ,& ,/4 ,augu/9e prea*$ ! same doctr9e1 z long ago z ! ye> #dbe4 ,see 8 book1 8,( ! ,city ( ,god10 lib] xix4 cap4 #ae4 ,he says--8,! condition ( slav]y is ju/ly reg>d$ z impos$ on ! s9n]4 ,h5ce1 we nev] read slave 7z "o hav+ a ma/]7 9 ,scripture be=e ! j ,noe1 by ?is ^w1 puni%$ ! s9 ( 8 son4 ,s91 n nature1 ?us introduc$ ! ^w40 ,& ,/4 ,ambrose1 bi%op ( ,milan1 ,a4,d4 #cij1 9 8 book on 8,elias & ,fa/+0 c4 #e1 says--8,!re w\ld be no slav]y to-day _h !re n be5 drunk5ness40 ,& s1 ,/4 ,john ,*ryso/om1 bi%op ( ,con/ant9ople1 ,a4,d4 #djj1 ,hom4 #bi1 9 ,g543 8,behold bre?r5 born ( ! same "m6 ,s9 makes "o ( !m a s]vant1 &1 tak+ away 8 lib]ty1 lays him "u subjection40 ,! v expression1 8,curs$ be ,canaan1 a s]vant ( s]vants %all he be to 8 bre?r510 mo/ di/9ctly %[s ! s5t5ce to h be5 ! consequ5t ( s91 & especially s :5 comp>$ ) ! bless+ be/[$ ^u ! two bro!rs1 9 :i* !y are promis$ ! s]vices ( him accurs$4 ,pope ,gelesius ,i41 ,a4,d4 #dia1 9 8 lett] to ! bi%ops ( ! ,pic5e t]ritory1 /ates1 8slav]y to h be5 ! consequ5ce ( s91 & to h be5 e/abli%$ by human law40 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 lib4 xix4 cap4 #af1 8,on ! ,city ( ,god10 argues at l5g? to %[ 8t ! peace & good ord] ( society1 z well z religi\s duty1 dem& t ! :olesome laws ( ! /ate regulat+ ! conduct ( slaves %\ld be consci5ti\sly obs]v$40 8,slav]y is reg>d$ by ! *ur* 99 99 99 n to be incompatible ) ! natural law1 to be ! result ( s9 by ,div9e disp5sation1 to h be5 e/abli%$ by human legislation2 &1 :5 ! dom9ion ( ! slave is ju/ly acquir$ by ! ma/]1 to be lawful1 n 9 ! sight ( ! human tribunal only1 b also 9 ! eye ( ,heav540 ,bi%op ,engl&1 page #bd4 ,b aga91 9 ! works already quot$1 8,de ,civitate ,dei10 ,/4 ,augu/9e says1 lib] xix4 caput #ae1 t1 8al?\gh slav]y is ! consequ5ce ( s91 yet t ! slav]y may n always light ^u ! s9ful individual1 any m ?an sickness1 w>1 fam9e1 or any o!r *a/isem5t ( ?is s9ful _w1 :]eby x may (t5 happ5 t ! less s9ful are afflict$1 t !y may be turn$ m to ! wor%ip ( ,god1 & br\ght into 8 enjoym5t10 & ref]s to ! case ( ,daniel & 8 companions1 :o 7 slaves 9 ,babylon1 & by :i* captivity ,israel 0 br\ght to rep5tance4 ,9 cap4 #af1 8he pres5ts to view ! di/9ction ( bodily employm5t & lab\r betwe5 ! son & ! slave2 b t ea* are equally "u ! ma/]'s c>e2 & z x reg>ds ! s\l1 ea* des]v$ a l protection1 & t !re=e ! ma/]s 7 call$ patres familias1 or fa!rs ( h\seholds2 & %[s t !y %\ld consult = ! et]nal welf>e ( _! slaves z a fa!r = 8 *ildr52 & insi/s ^u ! weight & obligation ( ! ma/] to re/ra9 8 slaves f vice1 & to pres]ve discipl9e ) /rict firmness1 b yet ) affection2 n by v]bal correction alone1 b1 if requisite1 corporeal *a/isem5t1 n m]ely = ! puni%m5t ( del9qu5cy1 b = a salut>y monition to o!rs40 ,& he proce$s to %[ 8t ^! ?+s become a public duty1 s9ce ! peace ( ! vic9age dep5ds ^u ! good ord] ( its families1 & t ! safety ( ! /ate dep5ds ^u ! peace & discipl9e ( all ! vic9age40 ,?is au?or also %[s1 f ! etymology ( ! ^w 8s]vus10 t1 accord+ to ! law ( nations at ! "t1 ! conqu]or _h at 8 disposal ! lives ( ! captives4 ,if f "s cause he =bore to put "s ( !m to dea?1 !n su* "o 0 s]vati1 or s]vi1 t is1 kept f de/ruction or dea?1 & _! lives sp>$1 ^u ! condition ( ob$i5ce1 & ( do+ ! lab\rs & drudg]y ( ! ma/]40 ,& we may aga9 inquire :e!r1 :5 prison]s tak5 9 w>1 "u circum/ances att5d+ _! capture by :i* ! captor feels himself entitl$ to put !m to dea?1--x is n a great good to ! captur$ to h _! lives sp>$ !m1 & !y p]mitt$ to be slaves8 ,! answ] w aga9 turn ^u ! "q1 :e!r life is wor? any ?+ ^u ^! t]ms8 ,& :atev] an individual may say1 ! _w w answ] l ,e/h]4 ,?us f> slav]y is an in/itution ( m]cy & 9 fav\r ( life4 ,we close ?is lesson by pres5t+ ! condition ( slav]y among ! ,*9ese1 & _! laws & cu/oms t\*+ ! subject4 ,m4 ,de ,guignes1 :o trav]s$ ,*9a ?r\gh\t its :ole ext5t1 obs]v+ ) m9ut5ess & philosophical rese>* e ?+ 9 relation to its s+ul> race1 does n believe slav]y exi/$ !re until its population _h become ov]load$1 :51 z a p>tial relief f its mis]ies1 !y sy/ematically made slaves ( portions ( _! own race4 ,he says1 t 9 anci5t times1 8x is n believ$ t !re 7 slaves 9 ,*9a1 except ^? :o 7 tak5 prison]s 9 w>1 or condemn$ to s]vitude by ! laws4 ,aft]w>ds1 9 times ( fam9e1 p>5ts 7 frequ5tly r$uc$ to ! necessity ( sell+ _! *ildr54 ,?is practice1 orig9at$ 9 ! pressure ( necessity1 has cont9u$ to exi/1 & ev5 become common4 99 99 99 ,a p]son may also sell himself z a slave :5 he has no o!r means ( succ\r+ 8 fa!r2 a "y woman1 :o f9ds h]self de/itute1 may 9 l mann] be pur*as$ ) h] own cons5t4 8,! prison]s ( w> are ! slaves ( ! emp]or1 & g5]ally s5t to lab\r on 8 l& 9 ,t>t>y4 ,! judges h ! p[] to pass ! s5t5ce ( slav]y on culprits su* z are sold at public auction2 slaves also :o belong to p]sons ^: prop]ty is confiscat$1 are sold to ! highe/ bidd] by public outcry40 ,see "w z quot$ by ,ed94 ,encyc41 ,article1 8,*9a40 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,iv4 ,! titles :i* div9es & canoni/s h consid]$ to be good & valid = ! possession ( slaves1 are pur*ase1 inh]itance1 gift1 bir?1 slaves made 9 w>1 & s5t5c$ = crime2 b1 9 all cases1 ! title is vitiat$ :5 n su/a9$ by ! civil law4 ,yet ! civil law may be repeal$1 or ameliorat$1 s t prison]s tak5 9 w> or crime may n be subject to dea? or s]vitude1 9 :i* case ! validity ( ! title foll[s 9 ! foot/eps ( ! civil law2 b ^! conditions prim>ily exi/1 z p]petual z ! condition ( man4 ,! civil law1 by its int]v5tion1 m]ely div]ts ! action dur+ its rule4 ,b1 9 all cases ( a second>y title1 ! validity foll[s ! "* ( ! previ\s hold+1 z no man c sell1 give1 or leave by inh]itance a bett] title ?an t :i* he has4 ,! "q ?us runs to ! orig9 ( :at gives a good title1 to wit1 ! condition t en=ces "o to be sold1 or to sell himself1 a slave1 9 fav\r ( life4 ,true1 ,black/one1 ,montesquieu1 & o!rs ( less note1 cont5d t no man has a "r to sacrifice 8 lib]ty2 & :at is _! argum5t8 ,!y make an assumption1 :]e !re is no p>allel1 8t lib]ty is ( equal wor? to life20 b be=e _! argum5t is good1 !y mu/ %[ t lib]ty is ( m value ?an life3 = surely a man may b>t] an equal = an equal4 ,!y cry1 8,god gave all m5 lib]ty40 ,ev5 t is a fiction4 ,! tru? is1 ,god gave no man lib]ty1 only ^u conditions4 ,b to %[ t life is ( m value ?an lib]ty1 we ne$ only obs]ve t ev5 ) ! loss ( lib]ty !re is hope--hope ( *ange1 ( lib]ty1 & ( ! means ( su/a9+ x2 & su* hopes h (t5 be5 realiz$4 ,!re is no tru? 9 ! proposition t lib]ty is ( equal value 7or r sup]ior7 to life4 ,! doctr9e !re=e is1 t man1 9 8 natural /ate1 is ! ma/] ( 8 own lib]ty1 & may dispose ( x z he sees prop] 9 fav\r ( life2 t he may be depriv$ ( x by =ce1 9 consequ5ce ( crime1 or f 8 n be+ able to su/a9 x2 & 9 all cases :]e lib]ty has become ( less value ?an life1 & bo? _c be su/a9$1 ! "o may be prop]ly ex*ang$ = ! safety ( ! o!r4 ,& ^u ?is pr9ciple1 9 ^? c\ntries :]e ! p>5t _h ! "r1 by _! law1 to put to dea? 8 own *ildr51 he also _h ! "r to sell !m into slav]y2 & fur!r1 by natural law1 :]e ! p>5t _c su/a9 ! life ( 8 *ild1 :]e civil law gives him no p[] ov] its life1 he yet1 9 fav\r ( life1 may sell him into slav]y4 ,natural law recognises ! pr9ciple t ! *ild1 ( "r1 is subject to ! condition ( ! p>5t2 & 9 ^! enfeebl$ conditions ( man1 = sake ( m c]ta9ty1 ! civil law usually ackn[l$ges ! mat]nal l9e4 ,x ackn[l$ges ! pat]nal l9e only :5 ! elevat$ condition =ms a presumption ( equal c]ta9ty4 ,! ,div9e law recognises a good title to hold slaves among all p4 ,! ,div9e grant to hold slaves 0 n an 8especial p]mit to ! ,hebrews40 ,abimele* gave slaves to ,abraham3 _h 8 title be5 bad1 ,abraham c\ld n h receiv$ !m4 ,be?uel & ,laban gave slaves to _! daught]s4 ,none ( ^! 7 ,hebrews1 yet !y held slaves by a good title2 = ! v act ( acceptance1 9 all ^! cases1 is pro( t ! title 0 good4 ,besides1 ! ,div9e law itself in/ruct$ ! ,israelites to buy slaves ( ! surr\nd+ nations4 ,see ,lev4 xxv4 #dd4 ,c !re be a /rong] pro( ( ! purity ( a title1 ?an ?is gives ( ! title by :i* ! 8nations r\nd ab\t0 held slaves8 ,! same law :i* p]mitt$ ! ,israelites to buy slaves ( ! 8hea!n r\nd ab\t10 also p]mitt$ ! 8hea!n r\nd ab\t0 to hold slaves1 because x ackn[l$ges _! title to be good4 ,by an inquiry into ! hi/ory ( ^! 8hea!n r\nd ab\t10 _! religion1 civil condition1 _! mann]s & cu/oms1 z well z ! f9al /ate to :i* !y arriv$1 we may =m "s idea h[ a good title to hold slaves & to sell !m arose among !m2 & s9ce ! laws ( ,god are ev]la/+1 & always applicable to e case :]e all ! circum/ances are simil>1 we may reasonably conclude t ! same race1 or any o!r race1 !n1 or at any o!r p]iod ( "t1 to :om ! same descriptions w apply1 w also be f\nd att5d$ ) ! same facts 9 reg>d to slav]y4 ,! conclusion !re=e is1 t f su* a p1 :o h a good "r to hold & sell slaves1 o!r p1 ^: civil laws p]mit !m to d s1 may pur*ase slaves by a good title4 ,x may n !n be :olly an idle lab\r to comp>e ! hi/ory & race ( ^! 8hea!n r\nd ab\t10 ) ! hi/ory1 race1 & pres5t condition ( ^? ,african hea!n :o h f "t immemorial held & sold slaves4 ,b x be+ %[n t ! ,div9e sanction to hold slaves1 did1 at "o "t1 exi/1 x devolves on !m1 :o d5y its religi\s legality1 n[ to prove t ! sanction _h be5 )drawn4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,v4 ,,we proce$ to prove1 by a v>iety ( docum5ts1 t ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ did1 at all times dur+ its e>ly ages1 consid] ! exi/5ce ( slav]y & ! hold+ ( slaves compatible ) a religi\s pr(ession & ! practice ( ,*ri/ian duties4 ,x is fir/ 9 ord] to pres5t ! s]mons ( ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,pet] direct ^u ?is subject4 ,hav+ h]et(ore quot$ !m1 we n[ m]ely repeat ! ref]5ces1 & ask = _! p]usal3 ,see #a ,cor4 vii4 #bj-bd2 ,eph4 vi4 #e-i2 ,col4 iii4 #bb to iv4 #a2 #a ,tim4 vi4 #a-ad2 ,tit4 ii4 #i-ae2 ,philemon entire1 & #a ,pet4 ii4 #ah-be4 ,^! scriptures di/9ctly tea* ! doctr9e ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur*4 ,b x rema9s to see :at 0 ! practice t grew up "u x4 ,^u ! crucifixion ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! m9d _c well conceive h[ ! apo/les c\ld h avoid$1 f "t to "t1 meet+ toge!r = ! purposes ( consultation & agreem5t among !mselves z to ! p>ticul>s ( _! future c\rse2 & t su* 0 ! fact1 we h 9 evid5ce1 ,acts i4 #ae-bf1 :]e !y did ?us meet1 & elect$ ,mat?ias to fill ! vacancy 9 _! numb]4 ,also1 ,acts ix4 #bf-ca1 :]e ,paul 0 receiv$ by !m & s5t =? z an apo/le2 b ! book 9 "q only gives u ! outl9es ( :at !y did4 ,n[1 !re is f\nd among ! anci5t records ( ! *ur* :at is call$ 8,! ,canons ( ! ,apo/les10 :i*1 if n actually writt5 by !m1 is /ill kn[n to be 9 con=mity ) _! doctr9e1 z develop$ 9 _! own writ+s & ! e>lie/ usages ( ! *ur*4 ,among ^!1 ! canon lxxxi4 is ! foll[+3 ,s]vos 9 cl]um provehi s9e voluntate dom9orum1 non p]mittimus1 ad eorum qui possid5t mole/iam1 domorum enim ev]sionem talia efficiunt4 ,siqu&o autem1 etiam dignus s]vus visus sit1 qui ad gradum eligatur1 qualis no/] quoque ,onesimus visus e/1 et dom9i concess]9t ac lib]av]9t1 et dibus emis]9t1 fiat4 ,we d n p]mit slaves to be rais$ to cl]ical rank )\t ! w ( _! ma/]s1 to ! injury ( _! own]s4 ,= su* conduct produces ! upturn+ ( h\ses4 ,b if1 at any "t1 ev5 a slave may be se5 wor?y to be rais$ to t degree1 z ev5 our ,onesimus 01 & ! ma/]s %all h grant$ & giv5 fre$om1 & h s5t !m =? f _! h\ses1 let x be done4 ,?is is ! fir/ ( a s]ies ( simil> enactm5ts1 & x %\ld be obs]v$ t x recognises ! pr9ciple ( ! p]fect dom9ion ( ! ma/]1 ! injury to 8 prop]ty1 & requires ! v legal =mality by :i* ! slave 0 lib]at$ & fully emancipat$4 ,! slave _h ! title1 )\t 8 own]'s cons5t1 to ! common rights ( religion & ! necess>y sacram5ts4 ,9 us+ ^!1 no injury 0 done to ! prop]ty ( 8 own]2 b he _h no claim to ^? privileges :i* w\ld dim9i% 8 value to ! own]1 or w\ld degrade ! dignity conf]r$1 & :i* c\ld n be p]=m$ )\t occupy+ t "t ^u :i* 8 own] _h a claim4 ,!re are eight o!r books ( a remote antiquity1 kn[n z 8,! ,con/itutions ascrib$ to ! ,apo/les10 said to be compil$ by ,pope ,clem5t ,i41 :o 0 a companion ( ! apo/les4 ,x is g5]ally believ$ t1 ?\gh ,clem5t might h comm5c$ su* a compilation1 he did n leave x 9 ! =m :i* x n[ holds1 b1 l ! ,canons ( ! ,apo/les1 ! exhibition ( discipl9e is t ( ! e>lie/ days4 ,9 book iv4 *4 #e1 enum]at+ ^? ^: (f]+s 7 to be refus$ by ! bi%ops z unwor?y1 we h1 among ?ieves & o!r s9n]s1 7,qui7 famulos suos dure accipiunt et tractant2 id e/1 v]b]ibus1 aut fame afficiunt1 aut crudeli s]vitute premunt4 ,!y :o receive & treat _! slaves h>%ly2 t is1 :o :ip or fami% !m1 or oppress !m ) heavy drudg]y4 ,!re is no crime 9 hav+ ! slave1 b cruelty & oppression are crim9al4 ,9 ! same book1 *4 #aa reg>ds slaves & ma/]s4 ,de famulis quid amplius dicamus1 quam quod s]vus habeat b5evol5tiam erga dom9um cum timore ,dei1 quamvis sit impius1 quamvis sit improbus1 non tam5 cum eo religione cons5tiat4 ,item dom9us s]vum diligat1 et quamvis pr/et ei1 judicet tam5 esse qualitatem1 vel quat5us homo e/4 ,qui autem habet dom9um ,*ri/ianum1 salvo dom9atu1 diligat eum1 tum ut dom9um1 tum ut fidei consortem et ut patrem1 non sicut s]vus ad oculum s]vi5s s$ sicut dom9um amans1 ut qui sciat m]c$em famulats sui a ,deo sibi solv5dam esse4 ,similit] dom9us1 qui ,*ri/ianum famulum habet1 salvo famulatu1 diligat eum tanquam filium1 et tanquam fratrem propt] fidei communionem4 ,:at fur!r1 !n1 c we say ( slaves1 ?an t ! s]vant %\ld h b5evol5ce t[>ds 8 ma/]1 ) ! fe> ( ,god1 ?\gh he %\ld be impi\s1 ?\gh wick$2 ?\gh he %\ld n ev5 agree ) him 9 religion4 ,9 l mann]1 let ! ma/] love 8 slave1 & ?\gh he is above him1 let him judge him to be 8 equal at lea/ z a human be+4 ,b let him :o has a ,*ri/ian ma/]1 hav+ reg>d to 8 dom9ion1 love him bo? z a ma/]1 z a companion 9 ! fai?1 & z a fa!r1 n z an eye-s]vant1 b lov+ 8 ma/] z "o :o kn[s t he w receive ! rew>d ( 8 s]vice to be paid by ,god4 ,s let ! ma/] :o has a ,*ri/ian slave1 sav+ ! s]vice1 love him z a son & z a bro!r1 on acc\nt ( ! communion ( fai?4 ,ne am>o animo jubeas famulo tuo aut ancill eidem ,deo confid5tibus3 ne aliqu&o gemant adv]sus te1 et irascatur tibi ,deus4 ,et vos s]vi dom9is ve/ris tanquam ,deum reprs5tantibus subditi e/ote cum s$ulitate et metu1 tanquam ,dom9o1 et non tanquam hom9ibus4 ,d n comm& y\r man-s]vant nor y\r woman-s]vant hav+ confid5ce 9 ! same ,god1 9 ! bitt]ness ( y\r s\l2 le/ !y at any "t lam5t aga9/ y1 & ,god be angry ) y4 ,& y s]vants be subject to y\r ma/]s1 ! repres5tatives ( ,god1 ) c>e & fe>1 z to ! ,"l1 & n to m54 ,9 ! eigh? book1 *4 #cc1 is a con/itution ( ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,paul1 respect+ ! days t slaves 7 to be employ$ 9 lab\r1 & ^? on :i* !y 7 to re/ & to att5d to religi\s duties4 ,/eph5 ,i41 :o 0 ! pontiff 9 #bec1 endeav\r$ to pres]ve discipl9e1 & set =? regulations to rem$y evils4 ,accusatores v]o et accusationes1 quas sculi leges non recipiunt1 et antecessores no/ri prohibu]unt1 et nos submovemus4 ,we also reject ^! accus]s & *>ges :i* ! secul> laws d n receive1 & :i* our pr$ecessors h prohibit$4 ,soon aft] he specifies3 ,accusator autem ve/rorum nullus sit s]vus aut lib]tus4 ,let n y\r accus] be a slave or a fre$ p]son4 ,?us1 9 ! anci5t discipl9e ( ! *ur*1 z 9 ! secul> tribunals1 ! te/imony ( slaves 0 inadmissible4 ,9 ! ye> #cje1 a prov9cial c\ncil 0 held at ,elvira1 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ,spa94 ,! fif? canon ( :i* is-- ,si qua dom9a furore zeli acc5sa flagris v]b]av]it ancillam suam1 ita ut 9 t]tium diem animam cum cruciatu effundat3 eo quod inc]tum sit1 voluntate1 an casu occid]it1 si voluntate po/ septem annos2 si casu1 po/ qu9qu5nii tempora2 acta legitima pnit5tia1 ad communionem placuit admitti4 ,quod si infra tempora con/ituta fu]it infirmata1 accipiat communionem4 ,if any mi/ress1 c>ri$ away by great ang]1 %all h :ipp$ h] maid-s]vant s t %e %all )9 ?ree days die 9 torture1 z x is unc]ta9 :e!r x may happ5 by reason ( h] w or by accid5t1 x is decre$ t %e may be admitt$ to communion1 hav+ done lawful p5ance1 aft] sev5 ye>s1 if x happ5$ by h] w2 if by accid5t1 aft] five ye>s4 ,b %\ld %e get sick )9 ! "t prescrib$1 %e may get communion4 ,spani% ladies1 at t p]iod1 _h n yet s f> yield$ to ! b5ign influ5ce ( ! gospel1 & s f> re/ra9$ _! viol5ce ( temp]1 z to %[ due m]cy to _! female slaves4 ,x may be well to obs]ve a b5eficial *ange1 n only 9 public op9ion1 b ev5 9 ! c\rt1 by reason ( ! influ5ce ( ! _s ( ,*ri/ianity2 s t ! pagan m ?an once reprov$1 by 8 m]cy1 ! pr(essor ( a bett] fai?4 ,!odoret 7l4 #i1 de ,grc4 cur4 aff47 in=ms u t ,plato e/abli%$ ! moral & legal innoc5ce ( ! ma/] :o slew 8 slave4 ,ulpian1 ! ,roman juri/ 7l4 #b1 de 8 qu sunt sui vel ali5i jur47 te/ifies ! p[] :i*--9 imitation ( ! ,greeks--! ,roman ma/]s _h ov] ! lives ( _! slaves4 ,! well-kn[n s5t5ce ( ,pollio ^u ! un=tunate slave t broke a cry/al vase at supp]1--t he %\ld be ca/ z food to fi%1--& ! int]f]5ce ( ,augu/us1 :o 0 a gue/ at t supp]1 give a /rong exemplification ( ! tyranny !n 9 _m in/ances indulg$4 ,anton9us ,pius issu$ a con/itution ab\t ! ye> #aej1 re/ra9+ ?is p[]1 & =bidd+ a ma/] to put 8 own slave to dea?1 except 9 ^? cases :]e he w\ld be p]mitt$ to slay ! slave ( ano!r4 ,! cruelty ( ! ,spani>ds to _! slaves1 9 ! prov9ce ( ,btica1 gave occasion to ! con/itution2 & we h a rescript ( ,anton9us to lius ,m>tianus1 ! proconsul ( ,btica1 9 ! case ( ! slave ( ,julius ,sab9us1 a ,spani>d4 ,9 ?is ! "r ( ! ma/]s to _! slaves is recognis$1 b ! (fic] is direct$ to he> _! compla9ts ( cruelty1 />vation1 & oppressive lab\r2 to protect !m1 &1 if ! compla9ts be f\nd$ 9 tru?1 n to all[ _! return to ! ma/]2 & to insi/ on ! obs]vance ( ! con/itution4 ,caius 79 l4 #b1 ad ,cornel4 de sic>47 /ates t ! cause %\ld be prov$ 9 pres5ce ( judges be=e ! ma/] c\ld pron\nce 8 s5t5ce4 ,sp>tianus1 ! biograph]1 in=ms u t ! ,emp]or ,adrian1 ! imm$iate pr$ecessor ( ,anton9us1 enact$ a law =bidd+ ma/]s to kill _! slaves1 unless legally convict$4 ,& ,ulpian relates t ,adrian plac$1 dur+ five ye>s1 9 conf9em5t 7relegatio7 ,umbricia1 a lady ( noble rank1 because1 = v slight causes1 %e treat$ h] female slaves mo/ cruelly4 ,b ,con/ant9e ! ,great1 ab\t ! ye> #cbj1 enact$ t no ma/] %\ld1 "u p5alty due to homicide1 put 8 slave to dea?1 & gave ! jurisdiction to ! judges b if ! slave di$ casually1 aft] necess>y *a/isem5t1 ! ma/] 0 n acc\ntable to any legal tribunal4 7,con/4 9 #a4 i42 ,c4 ,!od4 de em5dat4 s]vorum47 ,z ,*ri/ianity made progress1 ! unnatural sev]ity ) :i* ?is class ( human be+s 0 treat$ became relax$1 & z ! civil law ameliorat$ _! condition1 ! canon law1 by its spiritual efficacy1 came 9 ) ! aid ( religion1 to secure t1 ! foll[]s ( ! ,savi\r %\ld give full =ce to ! m]ciful provisions t 7 introduc$4 ,! pr9ciple :i* ,/4 ,augu/9e laid d[n 0 t obs]v$4 ,! /ate 0 to enact ! laws regulat+ ?is species ( prop]ty2 ! *ur* 0 to plead = morality & to exhort to practise m]cy4 ,ab\t ! same "t1 ,/4 ,pet]1 ar*bi%op ( ,alex&ria1 drew up a numb] ( p5it5tial canons1 po9t+ out ! mann] ( receiv+1 treat+1 & reconcil+ ! 8laps$10 or ^? :o1 ?r\gh fe> ( p]secution1 fell f ! pr(ession ( ! fai?4 ,^? canons 7 held 9 high repute1 & 7 g5]ally adopt$ by ! ea/]n bi%ops4 ,! six? ( ^? canons exhibits to u a device ( weak ,*ri/ians1 :o desir$ to escape ! trials ( m>tyrdom1 )\t be+ guilty ( actual apo/asy4 ,a p]son ( ?is sort procur$ t "o ( 8 slaves %\ld p]sonate him1 & 9 8 "n %\ld apo/atize4 ,! canon prescribes = su* a slave1 :o necess>ily 0 a ,*ri/ian & a slave ( a ,*ri/ian1 b "o-?ird ( ! "t requir$ ( a free p]son1 9 a mitigat$ p5ance1 tak+ into acc\nt ! influ5ce ( fe> ( ! ma/]1 :i*1 ?\gh x did n excuse1 yet x dim9i%$ ! guilt ( ! apo/asy4 ,! g5]al c\ncil ( ,nice1 9 ,by?9ia1 0 held 9 ! ye> #cbe1 :5 ,con/ant9e 0 emp]or4 ,9 ! fir/ canon ( ?is c\ncil1 accord+ to ! usual ,greek & ,lat9 copies1 !re is a provision = admitt+ slaves1 z well z free p]sons :o h be5 injur$ by o!rs1 to holy ord]s4 ,9 ! ,arabic copy1 ! condition is specially express$1 :i* is n f\nd 9 ! ,greek or ,lat91 b :i* _h be5 previ\sly well kn[n & univ]sally e/abli%$1 8t ?is %\ld n take place unless ! slave _h be5 manumitt$ by 8 ma/]40 ,ab\t ?is p]iod1 also1 sev]al ( ! ,gno/ic & ,mani*ean errors prevail$ ext5sively 9 ,asia ,m9or4 ,! fanatics d5i$ ! lawfulness ( m>riage2 !y =bid meat to be eat52 !y condemn$ ! use ( w9e2 !y prais$ extravagantly ! mona/ic in/itutions1 & proclaim$ ! obligation on all to ent] into religi\s societies2 !y decri$ ! lawfulness ( slav]y2 !y d5\nc$ ! slavehold]s z violat+ equally ! laws ( nature & ( religion2 !y (f]$ to aid slaves to des]t _! own]s2 gave !m exhortations1 invitations1 asylum1 & protection2 & 9 all ?+s assum$ to be m holy1 m p]fect1 & m spiritual ?an o!r m54666 ,osius1 bi%op ( ,cordova1 :om ,pope ,sylve/] s5t z 8 legate into ! ea/1 & :o presid$ 9 ! c\ncil ( ,nice1 0 pres5t :5 sev]al bi%ops assembl$ 9 ! city ( ,gangr1 ,paphlagonia1 to correct ^? errors4 ,pope ,symma*us decl>$1 9 a c\ncil held 9 ,rome1 ab\t ! ye> #ejj1 t ,osius confirm$1 by ! au?ority ( ! pope1 ! acts ( ?is c\ncil4 ,! decrees h be5 admitt$ into ! body ( canon law1 & h always be5 reg>d$ z a rule ( conduct 9 ! ,ca?olic *ur*4 ,! ?ird canon3 ,si quis docet s]vum1 pietatis prtextu1 dom9um contemn]e1 et a m9i/]io rec$]e1 et non cum b5evol5tia et omni honore dom9o suo ins]vire4 ,ana!ma sit4 ,if any "o1 "u ! pret5ce ( piety1 tea*es a slave to despise 8 ma/]1 & to )draw f 8 s]vice1 & n to s]ve 8 ma/] ) good-w & all respect4 ,let him be ana!ma4 ,let him be ana!ma is nev] app5d$ to any decree :i* does n conta9 ! expression ( un*angeable doctr9e respect+ belief or morality1 & indicates t ! doctr9e has be5 reveal$ by ,god4 ,x is precisely :at ,/4 ,paul says 9 ,gal4 i4 #h3 8,b ?\gh we1 or an angel f heav51 prea* a gospel to y beside t :i* we h prea*$ to y1 let him be ana!ma40 #i3 8,z we said be=e to y1 s ,i say n[ aga93 ,if any man prea* to y a gospel besides t :i* y h receiv$2 let him be ana!ma40 ,x is !re=e manife/1 t al?\gh ?is c\ncil ( ,gangr 0 a p>ticul> "o1 yet ! univ]sal reception ( ?is ?ird canon1 ) its ana!ma1 & its recognition 9 ! ,roman c\ncil by ,pope ,symma*us1 gives x ! greate/ au?ority & 9 ,labbe x is fur!r entitl$ z approv$ by ,leo ,,iv41 ab\t ! ye> #hej1 di/4 #bj1 ,c4 de libell4 ,sev]al c\ncils 7 held 9 ,africa 9 ! ?ird & f\r? c5turies1 9 ,c>?age1 9 ,milevi1 & 9 ,hippo4 ,ab\t ! ye> #dbb1 ! fir/ ( ,pope ,cele/9e ,i41 "o 0 held "u ,aurelius1 ar*bi%op ( ,c>?age1 & 9 :i* ,/4 ,augu/9e sat z bi%op ( ,hippo & legate ( ,numidia4 ,a compilation 0 made ( ! canons ( ?is & ! prec$+ ones1 :i* 0 /yl$ ! 8,african ,c\ncil40 ,! canon cxvi4 ( ?is collection1 tak5 into ! body ( ! canon law1 decrees t slaves %all n be admitt$ z prosecutors1 nor %all c]ta9 fre$m5 be s admitt$1 except to compla9 = !mselves2 & = ?is1 z well z = ! incapacity ( sev]al o!rs !re describ$1 ! public law is cit$1 z well z ! #g? & #h? c\ncils ( ,c>?age4 ,! great ,/4 ,basil 0 born 9 #cbi1 & di$ 9 #cgi4 ,8 works1 call$ 8,canonical10 conta9 a great numb] ( ^? :i* 7 ! rules ( discipl9e1 n only = ,asia ,m9or1 b = ! va/ regions 9 its vic9ity4 ,! =tie? canon reg>ds ! m>riages ( female slaves4 ,9 ?is he m5tions a discipl9e :i* 0 n g5]al1 b 0 peculi> to ! nor?-ea/]n prov9ces ( ! *ur*1 requir+ ! cons5t ( ! ma/] to ! validity ( ! m>riage-contract ( a female slave3 ?is 0 n requir$ 9 o!r places1 z is abundantly te/ifi$ by sev]al docum5ts4 ,! =ty-second canon treats 9 l mann] ( ! m>riages ( *ildr5 )\t _! p>5ts' cons5t1 & g5]ally ( ^? ( all slaves )\t ! cons5t ( ! own]4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,vi4 ,x may n be improp] n[ to take a m p>ticul> view ( ! civil _w1 its condition1 & ( ^? w>s at ! in/ance ( :i* x _h be51 & !n 01 flood$ ) slaves4 ,z an example1 we select ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury3 ,attila1 to :om ! ,romans gave ! sobriquet1 8,flagellum ,dei10 ,sc\rge ( ,god1 0 driv5 by tius out ( ,gaul 9 ! ye> #dea2 & ! foll[+ ye>1 p\r+ 8 wild hordes d[n ^u ,italy1 conqu]$ ,aquillia1 ,pavia1 ,milan1 & a great numb] ( small cities1 & 0 9 ! attitude ( m>*+ on ,rome4 ,! ,emp]or ,val5t9ian ,,iii41 :o 0 a weak pr9ce1 panic-/ruck1 %ut himself up 9 ,rav5na2 & 8 g5]al1 tius1 :o _h be5 s victori\s 9 ,gaul1 p>took ( ! g5]al fe> :5 invad$ at home4 ,! de/ruction ( ,rome & its imp]ial p[]1 ! slaught] & slav]y ( ! ,roman p1 & ! ext9ction ( ! *ur* appe>$ probable4 ,"u su* a /ate ( ?+s1 ! emp]or & 8 c\ncil prevail$ on ,leo ! pontiff himself1 support$ by ,albi5us & ,tragelius1 m5 ( great exp]i5ce & tal5t1 to und]take an embassy to ! enemy's camp1 !n on ! banks ( ! ,m9zo4 ,?is embassy 0 accompani$ by a mo/ gr& & num]\s ret9ue--a small army--arm$1 n ) ! weapons ( w>1 b ) ! crosi] & crook4 ,nor did ,attila attempt to hide 8 joy = _! arrival4 ,! mo/ pr(\nd att5tion1 ! mo/ conv9c+ demon/rations ( 8 k9dness to !m1 7 /udi\sly display$ by him4 ,! t]ms propos$ 7 readily accept$1 & ,attila & 8 army1 a tornado fraught ) moral & physical ru9 to ,rome1 ! *ur*1 & ! civiliz$ _w1 sil5tly sank away f> beh9d ! ,danube4 ,nor is x /range t ! great success ( ?is embassy %\ld h be5 attribut$ to "s int]v5tion ( miracul\s p[] dur+ ! d>k ages t foll[$2--& h5ce we f9d t1 f\r hundr$ ye>s aft]1 9 "o ( ,grut]'s copies ( 8,! ,hi/orica ,miscella10 x is /at$ t ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,paul /ood1 visible alone to ,attila1 on ei!r side ( ,leo1 br&i%+ a sword1 comm&+ him to accept :atev] ,leo %\ld (f]2 & ?is is quot$ z cr$ible hi/ory by ,b>ronius1 ad ann4 #deb1 no4 #dg-ei1 & has be5 pa9t$ by ,raffaele1 at a mu* lat] p]iod4 ,! idea 0 p]haps poetical1 & ?is piece alone w\ld h immortaliz$ ! arti/4 ,b x is truly s+ul> t ?is appe>ance ( ,pet] & ,paul %\ld h ga9$ a place 9 ! ,roman ,brevi>y1 especially z x is n[h]e allud$ to by ,leo1 nor by 8 secret>y1 ,prosp]1 :o 0 pres5t at t treaty1 nor by any contempor>y :atev]4 ,! facts atta*$ to ,attila1 9 connection ) ?is treaty1 73--,8 army 0 extremely de/itute1 & a contagi\s & v mortal disease 0 rag+ 9 8 camp2 9 addition to :i*1 ,m>cian _h ga!r$ a l>ge army1 !n "u m>* = ,italy1 to jo9 ! imp]ial =ces "u tius1 :ile1 at ! same mom5t1 ano!r army1 s5t by ,m>cian long be=e1 7 !n ravag+ ! c\ntry ( ! ,huns !mselves3 ( ^! facts ,attila 0 well advis$4 ,^! 7 ! ag5cies t op]at$ on 8 m9d 9 fav\r ( peace ) ,val5t9ian4 ,to u ! idea seems pu]ile to suppose ,jehovah s5d+ ,pet] & ,paul1 sword 9 h&1 to fright5 8 ,hunni% maje/y f mak+ slaves ( ! ,roman p4 ,w\ld x n be m consonant ) ! g5]al acts ( 8 provid5ce to po9t ,attila to 8 diseas$ army2 to _! consequ5t want ( supplies1 & to ! ?reat5+ dang] ( 8 be+ totally cut (f by ! two armies ( ,m>cian1 say+ no?+ ( ! possibility ( a re/or$ confid5ce among ! !n panic-/ruck ,romans8 ,besides1 x has be5 well asc]ta9$ t1 at ! "t ( ,leo's arrival1 he _h be5 hesitat+ :e!r to m>* on ,rome--or recross ! ,alps4 ,see ,b[]1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bjb2 also1 ,jorn&ez ,r]4 ,go?4 c4 #da1 #di4 ,b1 we ackn[l$ge ! int]v5+ influ5ces ( ! ,div9e w1 9 ?is case1 z =cibly z x c\ld be urg$1 ev5 if att5d$ ) all ! p>ticul>s & extravagancies ( ! poetic pa9t]'s fancy4 ,we h allud$ to ?is p>ticle ( ! hi/ory ( t day1 z x /&s ^u ! records1 9 ord] t1 :ile we quote1 we may n be misund]/ood z to our view ( ! provid5ces ( ,god4 ,b to return to our subject3--,^u a review ( ^! times1 we may notice ! di/ractions ( ! *ur* by means ( ! v>i\s h]esies :i* imbitt]$ aga9/ ea* o!r ! diff]5t pr(essions ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,h[ ! foll[]s ( ,arius1 = m ?an half a c5tury1 spread confusion & viol5ce ov] ! entire ,*ri/ian _w3--,h[1 cru%$ & driv5 out by ,!odosius1 ?\s&s took %elt] among ! pagans1 ^: movem5ts !y /imulat$1 & :om we n[ p]ceive 9 progress ( ! gradual ov]?r[ ( ! ,roman ,empire3--,h[1 ^u ! p>tial or m g5]al successes ( ^! hordes1 _! ,arian conf$]ates1 ) a fre% memory ( _! late oppressions & ! cruelties inflict$ on !m1 retaliat$ ) unsp>+ sev]ity & blood%$ ^u _! ,nic5e oppon5ts2 :ile1 among all ^! savage invad]s1 ! ,arian cre$ supplant$ & succe$$ ! pagan wor%ip3--,h[ ?is wild ,attila swept ! banks ( ! ,danube & ! ,rh9e1 c>ry+ dea? or desolation to ! foll[]s ( ,ph>amond1 & to ! ,go?s1 :o _h !n already e/abli%$ !mselves 9 ! /rongholds ( anci5t ,gaul & ( ! m mod]n ,romans4 ,true1 8 c>e] 0 *eck$ on ! banks ( ! ,rhone1 b1 l a hunt$ lion1 he ru%$ t[>ds ! ,m$it]ranean1 &1 recruit+ 8 =ce 9 ,pannonia1 direct$ 8 m>* to ,italy2 & to-day1 aft] f\rte5 c5turies1 x is said t ,aquillia /ill /&s ! monum5t ( 8 b>b>ity4 ,we h ?is mom5t notic$ ! extraord9>y mann] 9 :i*1 x is said1 by ! monition ( ,leo1 8 pa? ( ru9 0 sudd5ly direct$ to ! ice-b\nd =tresses ( ! nor?4 ,b ! captives made on bo? sides1 9 ^! desolat+ w>s1 greatly increas$ ! numb] ( slaves ( ! :ite race1 :i* o!rwise1 f op]at+ causes1 w\ld h be5 dim9i%$4 ,up to ?is "t 9 ^! regions1 &1 z we %all see1 to a mu* lat] "t1 slav]y 0 ! result ( t m]cy 9 ! victor1 :]eby he sp>$ ! life ( ! conqu]$ enemy4 ,its condition did n dep5d on any previ\s condition ( degradation1 ( fre$om or slav]y1 nor ^u ! race or col\r ( ! captive1--& ! w>s1 = ages1 :i* _h be5 & 7 s productive ( slav]y1 7 almo/ exclusively among ^? :o1 9 common1 claim$ a ,caucasian orig94 ,in/ances ( ,african slav]y 7 r>e4 ,! ,romans d]iv$ "s few f _! ,african w>s1 valu$ mo/ly by pride1 because !y 7 ! mo/ r>e4 ,?us we read 9 ! ,life ( ,n]o1 by ,tacitus3--8,n]o nev] travell$ ) less ?an a ?\s& baggage-wagons2 ! mules all %od ) silv]1 & ! driv]s dress$ 9 sc>let2 8 ,african slaves adorn$ ) bracelets on _! arms1 & ! horses decorat$ ) ! ri*e/ trapp+s40 ,b ^! times _h pass$ away4 ,yet we f9d 9 ! ,life ( ,alphonso el ,ca/o1 t1 ^u 8 conque/ ( ,lisbon1 #gih1 he s5t sev5 ,moori% slaves z a pres5t to ,*>lemagne4 ,& also1 9 ,b[]'s 8,lives ( ! ,popes10 t 9 #hdi1 8,a company ( ,moors1 f ,africa1 r5dezv\s$ at ,toz>1 9 ,s>d9ia1 & !nce made an incursion1 by ! ,tib]1 on ,rome4 ,b !y 7 mo/ly lo/ 9 a /orm be=e l&+4 ,( ^? :o got on %ore1 "s 7 kill$4 9 battle1 "s 7 hang$1 & a l>ge numb] 7 br\ght to ,rome & r$uc$ to slav]y40 ,yet ! great mass ( slaves 7 ( ! same race & col\r ( _! ma/]s2 & at ?is age1 a mo/ important fact ) ! ,*ri/ian1 if !y 7 pagans1 0 _! conv]sion to ,*ri/ianity4 ,= ! fir/ ?ree hundr$ ye>s1 we may notice h[ ,*ri/ianity _h ?read$ h] way amid/ ! tr\bl\s & b>b>\s paganisms ( t age4 ,b1 at ! "t to :i* we h arriv$1 ,*ri/ianity _h rul$ ! civiliz$ _w = m ?an a c5tury4 ,& _h ,provid5ce se5 fit to h att5d$ h] future pa? ) peace1 human sympa?y might h fondly hop$ t ! mild _s ( h] religion w\ld h be5 p\r$ 9 ameliorat+1 purify+ /reams ^u ! condition & s\l ( ! slave1 & l a dissolv+ oil on ! *a9s t b\nd him4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,vii4 ,we pres5t a s]ies ( records & docum5ts :i* elucidate ! practice & doctr9e ( ! *ur* 9 reg>d to slav]y1 z we f9d x 9 t age4 ,^! records are mo/ly extracts f ,bi%op ,engl&'s ,lett]s1 & collat$ by him ) accuracy4 ,"s few1 f ,b[]1 ,b$e1 ,l+>d1 & o!rs1 w be notic$ 9 _! place4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t1 9 all cases :]e ! contr>y is n explicitly ann\nc$1 ! slave is ( ! same col\r & race z ! ma/]4 ,at ?is era ( ! _w1 slaves 7 too common1 & _! value too little1 to w>rant ! exp5se ( a di/ant importation4 ,! negro slave1 f 8 exhibit+ an extreme v>iety ( ! human species1 0 reg>d$ m z an article ( curiosity & pride ?an usefulness2 & !re=e 0 seldom or nev] f\nd 9 ,europe1 except ne> ! royal palaces1 or 9 ! tra9s ( emp]ors4 ,z e>ly z ! days ( ,polyc>p & ,/4 ,ignatius1 :o 7 disciples ( ! apo/les1 ,*ri/ians _h1 f motives ( m]cy1 *>ity1 & affection1 manumitt$ _m ( _! slaves 9 pres5ce ( ! bi%ops1 & ?is 0 m or less ext5sively practis$ ?r\gh ! succe$+ p]iod4 ,9 sev]al *ur*es1 x 0 agre$ t if a slave became a ,*ri/ian1 he %\ld be manumitt$ on receiv+ baptism4 ,9 ,rome1 ! slave 0 frequ5tly manumitt$ by ! =m call$ v9dicta1 ) ! prtor's rod4 ,con/ant9e1 9 ! ye> #cag1 ,sozom5 relates1 lib4 i4 c4 #i1 transf]r$ ?is au?ority to ! bi%ops1 :o 7 emp[]$ to use ! rod 9 ! *ur*1 & h ! manumission te/ifi$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ! congregation4 ,a rescript ( t emp]or to ?is effect is f\nd 9 ! ,!odosian code1 #a4 i4 c4 ,de 8 qui 9 eccl4 manumitt4 ,! ma/]1 :o cons5t$ to manumit ! slave1 pres5t$ him to ! bi%op1 9 pres5ce ( ! congregation1 & ! bi%op pron\nc$ him free1 & became ! gu>dian ( 8 fre$om4 ,! rescript 0 direct$ to ,protog5as1 bi%op ( ,s>dica1 & 0 9 ! consul%ip ( ,sab9us & ,ruff9us4 ,9 book ii4 ( ! same code1 is a rescript to ,osius1 bi%op ( ,cordova1 9 :i* ! emp]or emp[]s ! bi%ops to grant ! privilege ( ,roman citiz5%ip to su* fre$m5 z !y may judge wor?y4 ,9 ! consul%ip ( ,crispus & ,con/ant9e1 a grant 0 giv5 to ! cl]gy ( manumitt+ _! own slaves :5 !y pleas$1 by any =m !y %\ld ?9k prop]4 ,ab\t a c5tury lat]1 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 bi%op ( ,hippo1 in=ms u 7,s]mo4 de div]sis1 #ej7 t ?is =m 0 e/abli%$ 9 ,africa4 8,! deacon ( ,hippo is a poor man3 he has no?+ to give to any p]son3 b1 be=e he 0 a cl]gyman1 he1 by ! fruit ( 8 lab\r & indu/ry1 b\ght "s little s]vants1 & is to-day1 by ! episcopal act1 ab\t to manumit !m 9 y\r sight40 ,?is same bi%op writes1 7,en>rat 9 ,ps4 cxxiv417 8,*ri/ does n wi% to make y pr\d :ile y walk 9 ?is j\rney1 t is1 :ile y are 9 ?is life4 ,has x happ5$ t y h be5 made a ,*ri/ian1 & y h a man z y\r ma/]3 y h n be5 made a ,*ri/ian t y may scorn to s]ve4 ,:51 !re=e1 by ! comm& ( ,*ri/ y are ! s]vant ( a man1 y\r s]vice is n to him1 b to ! "o t gave y ! comm& to s]ve4 ,& he says1 ,he> y\r ma/]s1 accord+ to ! fle%1 ) fe> & trembl+1 & 9 ! simplicity ( y\r he>ts1 n z eye-s]vants1 z if pleas+ m51 b1 z ! s]vants ( ,*ri/1 do+ ! w ( ,god1 f y\r he>ts1 ) a good w4 ,behold1 he did n lib]ate y f be+ s]vants1 b he made ^? :o 7 bad s]vants to be good s]vants4 ,oh1 h[ mu* d ! ri* owe to ,*ri/ :o has ?us set ord] 9 _! h\ses6 ,s1 if !re be 9 8 family a fai?less slave1 & ,*ri/ conv]t him1 he does n say to him1 ,leave y\r ma/]1 because y h n[ kn[n him :o is ! true ,ma/]6 ,p]haps ?is ma/] ( y\rs is impi\s & unju/1 & t y are fai?ful & j2 x is unbecom+ t ! j & fai?ful %\ld s]ve ! unju/ & ! infidel3 ?is is n :at he said2 b1 let him r s]ve40 ,?is great doctor ( ! *ur* cont9ues at consid]able l5g? to %[ h[ ,*ri/1 by 8 own example1 exhorts ! s]vants to fidelity & ob$i5ce to _! ma/]s 9 e ?+1 save :at is contr>y to ,god's s]vice4 ,subsequ5tly1 he passes to ! end ( "t1 & ! op5+ ( et]nity1 & %[s _m good1 ob$i5t1 & afflict$ s]vants m+l$ ) good ma/]s among ! elect1 & bad1 fai?less1 & /ubborn s]vants1 ) cruel ma/]s1 ca/ among ! reprobates4 ,9 8 book i41 on ! ,s]mon ( ,*ri/ on ! ,m\nt1 he dwells ^u ! duty ( ,*ri/ian ma/]s to _! slaves4 ,!y are n to reg>d !m z m]e prop]ty1 b to treat !m z human be+s hav+ immortal s\ls1 = :i* ,*ri/ di$4 ,?us we p]ceive t1 ?\gh f ! enc\ragem5t ( manumission & ! _s ( ,*ri/ianity1 ! numb] ( slaves _h be5 greatly r$uc$ & _! situation greatly improv$1 /ill ! pr9ciples 7 recognis$ ( ! moral & religi\s legality ( hold+ slave prop]ty1 & ( requir+ t !y %\ld p]=m a reasonable s]vice4 ,! in/ances ( volunt>y slav]y1 su* z t ( ,/4 ,paul9us1 7 n r>e4 ,x is relat$1 t hav+ be/[$ all t he c\ld raise1 to ransom prison]s tak5 by ! b>b>ians :o ov]ran ! c\ntry2 ^u ! application ( a poor wid[ ^: son 0 held 9 captivity1 he sold himself1 to procure ! means ( h] son's release4 ,8 good conduct procur$ ! affection ( 8 ma/]1 & subsequ5tly 8 emancipation4 ,?us slav]y lo/ "s ( its degrad+ "*4 ,?is1 toge!r ) ! confusion aris+ f ! turbul5ce accompany+ ! invasions1 caus$ a relaxation ( discipl9e3 to rem$y "s ( ! abuses1 ,pope ,leo issu$ sev]al lett]s4 ,! foll[+ is an extract f ! fir/ ( !m3 x has be5 tak5 into ! body ( ! canon law4 ,di/4 #e1 ,admittuntur3-- 8,admittuntur passim ad ord9em sacrum1 quibus nulla natalium1 nulla morum dignitas suffragatur3 et qui a dom9is suis lib]tatem consequi m9ime potu]unt1 ad fa/igium sac]dotii1 tanquam s]vilis vilitas hunc honorem jure capiat1 provehuntur1 et prob>i ,deo se posse cr$itur1 qui dom9o suo necdum prob>e se potuit4 ,duplex itaque 9 hac p>te reatus e/1 quod et sacrum my/]ium 7m9i/]ium7 talis consortii vilitate polluitur1 et dom9orum1 quantum ad illicit usurpationis tem]itatem p]t9et1 jura solvuntur4 ,ab 8 itaque1 fratres c>issimi1 omnes prov9ci ve/r ab/9eant sac]dotes3 et non tantum ab 81 s$ ab illis etiam1 qui aut orig9ali aut alicui conditioni obligati sunt1 volumus temp]>i3 nisi =te corum petitio aut voluntas access]it1 qui aliquid sibi 9 eos v9dicant pote/atis4 ,debet enim esse immunis ab aliis1 qui div9 militi fu]it aggreg&us2 ut a ca/ris ,dom9icis1 quibus nom5 ejus adscribitur1 nullis necessitatis v9culis ab/rahatur40 ,p]sons :o h n ! qualifications ( bir? or conduct1 are ev]y:]e admitt$ to holy ord]s2 & !y :o c\ld n procure fre$om f _! ma/]s are elevat$ to ! rank ( ! prie/hood2 z if ! l[l9ess ( slav]y c\ld rightfully claim ?is hon\r3 &1 z if he :o c\ld n procure ! approbation ( ev5 8 ma/]1 c\ld procure t ( ,god4 ,!re is1 !re=e1 9 ?is a d\ble crim9ality3 = ! holy m9i/ry is pollut$ by ! meanness ( ?is fell[%ip1 & s f> z reg>ds ! ra%ness ( ?is unlawful usurpation1 ! rights ( ! ma/]s are infr+$4 ,:]e=e1 de>e/ bre?r51 let all ! prie/s ( y\r prov9ce keep alo( f ^!3 & n only f ^!1 b also1 we desire !y %\ld ab/a9 f ^? :o are "u bond1 by orig9 or any condition1 except p]*ance ^u ! petition or cons5t ( ! p]sons :o h !m 9 _! p[] 9 any way4 ,= he :o is to be aggregat$ to ! div9e w>f>e1 ought to be exempt f o!r obligations3 s t he may n by any bond ( necessity be drawn away f t camp ( ! ,"l = :i* 8 "n has be5 enroll$4 ,prosp]1 lib4 #b de vit contemplat4 c4 #c1 & _m o!r writ]s ( ?is c5tury1 treat ( ! relative duties ( ! ,*ri/ian ma/] & 8 ,*ri/ian slave4 ,! zeal & *>ity ( sev]al holy m5 l$ !m to make extraord9>y sacrifices dur+ ?is p]iod1 to r$eem ! captives f ! b>b>ians3 besides ! rem>kable in/ance ( ,paul9us1 we h ! ard5t & p]sev]+ *>ity ( ,exup]ius1 bi%op ( ,t\l\se1 :o sold ! plate belong+ to ! *ur*1 & us$ glass = ! *alice1 t he might be able by e species ( economy to procure lib]ty = ! enslav$4 ,nor 0 ?is a solit>y in/ance4 ,ab\t ! ye> #eac1 ,pope ,symma*us call$ a national c\ncil1 by :i*1 among o!r enactm5ts1 he e/abli%$ ! rule t "u no circum/ances1 c\ld ! *ur* prop]ty be ali5at$4 ,see ,b[]1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bgg4 ,ab\t ! ye> #ece1 ,cs>ius1 primate ( ,arles1 appli$ to ,pope ,agapetus = means to relieve ! poor ,*ri/ians 9 ,gaul4 ,b1 at t "t1 ! *ur* be+ q de/itute ( money1 ! pope excus$ himself1 & quot$ ! decree ( ,symma*us4 ,! ,arians1 & "s o!rs1 h5ce inculcat$ ! doctr9e t ! ali5ation ( *ur* prop]ty1 "u any circum/ances1 0 sacrilege4 ,! laws ( ! empire also =bid su* ali5ation1 b ) ! proviso1 8except !re 0 no o!r means by :i* ! poor c\ld be reliev$ 9 "t ( fam9e1 nor ! captives be r$eem$ f slav]y40 ,su* 0 ! practice among ! mo/ pi\s ( ! age4 ,/4 ,ambrose did n scruple to melt d[n ! communion-plate ( ! *ur* ( ,milan to r$eem "s captives1 :o o!rwise mu/ h cont9u$ 9 slav]y4 ,! ,arians *>g$ him ) sacrilege3 9 answ] to :i* he wrote 8 ,apology1 :i* has rea*$ ?is late day1 z ! rules & reasons ( ! *ur* 9 su* cases4 ,he says--8,is x n bett] t ! plate %\ld be melt$ by ! bi%op to ma9ta9 ! poor1 :5 !y c be ma9ta9$ by no o!r means1 ?an t x %\ld become ! spoil & plund] ( a sacrilegi\s enemy8 ,w n ! ,"l ?us expo/ulate ) u1 ,:y did y suff] s _m helpless p]sons to die ) hung]1 :5 y _h gold to relieve & support !m8 ,:y 7 s _m captives c>ri$ away & sold )\t ransom8 ,:y 7 s _m suff]$ to be sla9 by ! enemy8 ,x w\ld h be5 bett] to h pres]v$ ! vessels ( liv+ m5 ?an lifeless metals4 ,to ?is1 :at answ] c be return$8 ,%\ld "o say1 ,i 0 afraid t ! temple ( ,god %\ld want its ornam5ts3 ,*ri/ w\ld answ]1 ,my sacram5ts require no gold1 nor d !y please me m = be+ m9i/]$ 9 gold1 z !y are n to be b\ght ) gold4 ,! ornam5t ( my sacram5t is ! r$emption ( captives2 & ^? alone are preci\s vessels t r$eem s\ls f dea?40 ,! sa9t concludes t ?\gh x w\ld be highly crim9al = a man to conv]t ! sacr$ vessels to 8 own private use1 yet x is s f> f be+ a crime1 t he looks ^u x z an obligation incumb5t on him & 8 bre?r5 to pref] ! liv+ temples ( ,god to ! unnecess>y ornam5ts ( ! mat]ial edifices4 ,see ,ambrose de ,(fic4 lib4 ii4 cap4 #bh2 & su* 0 ! doctr9e ( ,/4 ,au/91 see ,possid4 ,vit4 ,aug4 caput #bd2 ( ,acacius ( ,amida1 see ,socrat4 lib4 vii4 c4 #bd2 ( ,deigratias ( ,c>?age1 see ,vict4 de ,p]sec4 ,v&al1 lib4 i42 ( ,cyril ( ,j]usalem1 see ,!odoret1 lib4 ii4 c4 #bg2 yea all1 :o h t\*$ on ! subject1 h subscrib$ to ! doctr9e ( ,/4 ,ambrose4 ,ev5 ! ,emp]or ,ju/9ian1 9 8 law aga9/ sacrilege1 =bids ! *ur* plate1 ve/m5ts1 or any o!r gifts1 to be sold1 or pawn$2 b adds1 8except 9 case ( captivity or fam9e1 ! lives & s\ls ( m5 be+ pref]able to any vessels or ve/m5ts :atev]40 ,see ,codex ,j4 lib4 i4 tit4 #b4 de ,sacr4 ,eccles4 leg4 #ba2 also see ,b[]'s ,life ( ,agapetus1 p4 #ced4 ,x w be readily conceiv$ t ! b>b>ians1 9 ! e>li] ages ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur*1 treat$ _! slaves ) cruelty1 inconsi/5t ) ! _s ( ! new religion2 &1 ^u _! adoption ( ! ,*ri/ian cre$1 !y sometimes ran into an opposite extreme1 contr>y to ! rules ( ! *ur*4 ,9 bo? cases ! *ur* us$ h] au?ority1 &1 says ,bi%op ,engl&1 ^u _! embrace ( ,*ri/ianity1 8slav]y began to assume a v>iety ( mitigat$ =ms among !m10 :i* w1 9 "s degree1 be develop$ z we proce$ ) ! hi/ory ( canonical legislation on t subject4 ,! rules ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur* are evid5tly f\nd$ ^u ! laws ( ,god1 z deliv]$ to ,moses3 8,& if a man smite 8 s]vant1 or 8 maid1 ) a rod1 & he die "u 8 h&1 he %all be surely puni%$4 ,not)/&+1 if he cont9ue a day or two1 he %all n be puni%$3 = he is 8 money40 8,if a man smite ! eye ( 8 s]vant1 or ! eye ( 8 maid1 t x p]i%1 he %all let him g free = 8 eye's sake4 ,& if he smite 8 man-s]vant's too?1 or 8 maid-s]vant's too?1 he %all let him g = 8 too?'s sake40 ,exod4 xxi4 #bj1 #ba1 #bf1 #bg4 ,& if a man took 8 female slave to wife1 & became displeas$ ) h] 99 99 99 %e %\ld be free4 ,see ,deut4 xxi4 #aj-ae4 ,b =nication 9 a female slave 0 n puni%$ by dea?1 b by /ripes4 ,see ,lev4 xix4 #bj-bc4 ,nei!r ! laws ( ,moses1 nor inde$ ( any civiliz$ p1 h ev] p]mitt$ unusual or cruel puni%m5ts to be inflict$ on ! slave4 ,civilization1 z well z ,judaism1 seems to h inculcat$1 8,be n excessive t[>d any2 & )\t discretion d no?+4 ,if ?\ h a s]vant1 let him be unto !e z ?yself1 because ?\ ha/ b\ght him ) a price40 ,eccl4 xxxiii4 #bi4 ,among hea!n nations1 _! laws 7 to ! effect1 t :5 ! slave1 sick or w\nd$1 0 neglect$1 or ab&on$ to 8 fate by 8 ma/]2 yet1 if he recov]$1 ! ma/] %\ld lose 8 prop]ty 9 su* slave1 & ! slave %\ld be free2 & su* neglect 0 (t5 o!rwise made puni%able4 ,! ,roman law sanction$ ?is doctr9e3 8,si v]b]atus fu]it s]vus non mortif]e1 neglig5tia autem p]i]it1 de vuln]ato actio erit1 non de occiso40 ,see ,lex ,aquillia4 ,& s 9 anci5t ,france1 see ,fd]e1 vol4 iii4 p4 #bij3 ,if neglig5ce or bad treatm5t t[>ds ! slave 0 prov$ 9 ! ma/]1 ! slave 0 decl>$ free4 ,at ?is day1 9 all civiliz$ c\ntries1 ! civil law =bids unusual & cruel puni%m5t ( slaves1 & also a wanton & c>eless neglig5ce ( !m1 ei!r 9 sickness or heal?4 ,?us ! law puni%es ! ma/] = 8 neglect to gov]n 8 slaves1 by mak+ him responsible = _! bad conduct1 & ! damage _! want ( prop] gov]nm5t may occasion o!rs4 ,9 ! ye> #did1 ,pope ,gelesius admoni%$ ! bi%ops1 at _! ord9ations1 t-- 8,ne unquam ord9ationes prsumat illicitas2 ne 99 99 99 cur aut cuilibet conditioni obnoxium notatumque ad sacros ord9es p]mittat acc$]e40 ,t he %\ld nev] presume to hold unlawful ord9ations2 t he %\ld n all[ to holy ord]s 99 99 99 any p]son b\nd to ! s]vice ( ! c\rt1 or liable to bond = 8 condition 7slav]y7 or m>k$ !reto4 ,9 ! ye> #ejf1 a c\ncil 0 held at ,agdle1 ! sixty-second canon ( :i* is-- 8,si quis s]vum proprium s9e consci5ti1 judicis occid]it1 excommunicatione vel pnit5tia bi5nii reatum sangu9is em5dabit40 ,if any "o %all put 8 own s]vant to dea?1 )\t ! k ( ! judge1 let him make comp5sation = ! guilt ( blood by excommunication or two ye>s' p5ance4 ,ano!r c\ncil 0 held elev5 ye>s lat]4 ,_m ( ! canons ( ?is synod are transcripts ( ^? ( ,agdle4 ,! ?irty-f\r? is3 8,si quis s]vum proprium s9e consci5ti1 judicis occid]it1 excommunicatione bi5nii effusionem sangu9is expiabit40 ,if any "o %all slay 8 own s]vant )\t ! k ( ! judge1 let him expiate ! %$d+ ( blood by an excommunication ( two ye>s4 ,?is 0 ne>ly two hundr$ ye>s aft] ! law ( ,con/ant9e =bidd+ ?is ex]cise ( p[] by ! ma/]4 ,! ?ird c\ncil ( ,orleans 0 held 9 ! ye> #ech4 ,! ?irte5? canon regulates1 t if ,*ri/ian slaves %all be possess$ by ,jews1 & ^! latt] require !m to d any ?+ =bidd5 by ! ,*ri/ian religion1 or if ! ,jews %all seize ^u any ( _! s]vants to :ip or puni% !m = ^? ?+s t h be5 decl>$ to be excusable or =giv51 & ^? slaves fly to ! *ur* = protection1 !y are n to be giv5 up1 unless !re be giv5 & receiv$ a j & suffici5t sum to w>rant _! protection4 ,! canon xxvi4 gives a specim5 ( ! e>ly feudalism ne>ly simil> to ! subsequ5t villa9 s]vice4 8,ut nullus s]vilibus colon>iisque conditionibus obligatus1 juxta /atuta s$is apo/olic1 ad honores ecclesia/icos admittatur2 nisi prius aut te/am5to1 aut p] tabulas legitime con/it]it absolutum4 ,quod si quis episcoporum1 ejus qui ord9atur conditionem sci5s1 transgr$i p] ord9ationem inhibitam =tasse volu]it1 anni spatio missas fac]e non prsumat40 ,let no "o held "u s]vile or coloniz+ conditions be admitt$ to *ur* hon\rs1 9 violation ( ! /atutes ( ! ,apo/olic see2 unless x be evid5t t he has be5 previ\sly absolv$ !refrom by w or by de$4 ,& if any bi%op1 be+ aw>e ( su* condition ( ! p]son s orda9$1 %all wilfully transgress by mak+ su* unlawful ord9ation1 let him n presume to celebrate mass = ! space ( a ye>4 ,! colonial condition 0 9 its orig9 diff]5t f ! m]e s]vile4 ,! mancipium or manu captum 0 ! s]vus or slave made 9 w>3 ! colonus1 or husb&man1 ?\gh1 at ! p]iod at :i* we are arriv$1 he frequ5tly 0 9 z abject a condition1 yet 0 s by a diff]5t process4 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 9 cap4 i4 lib4 x4 ,de ,civitate ,dei1 tells u1 8,coloni dicuntur1 qui conditionem debebant g5itali solo propt] agriculturam sub dom9io possessorum40 ,!y are call$ coloni/s :o owe _! condition to _! native l&1 "u ! dom9ion ( its possessors4 ,! foll[+ hi/ory ( v>i\s modes by :i* !y became s]vants1 is tak5 f ! "w ,de ,gub]nat4 ,dei1 lib4 v41 by ! good & erudite ,salvianus1 a prie/1 :o di$ at ,m>seilles1 ab\t ! ye> #dhd4 ,nonnulli eorum de quibus loquimur1 99 99 99 cum domicilia atque agellos suos p]vasionibus p]dunt1 aut fatigati ab exactoribus des]unt1 quia t5]e non possunt1 fundos majorum expetunt1 et coloni divitum fiunt4 ,aut sicut sol5t hi qui ho/ium t]rore compulsi1 ad ca/ella se conf]unt1 aut qui p]dito +5u incolumitatis /atu ad asylum aliquod desp]atione confugiunt3 ita et i/i qui hab]e amplius vel s$em vel dignitatem suorum natalium non queunt1 jugo se inquil9 abjectionis addicunt3 9 hanc necessitatem r$acti1 ut exactores non facultatis tantum1 set etiam conditionis su1 atque exultantes non a rebus tantum suis1 s$ etiam a seipsis1 ac p]d5tes secum omnia sua1 et r]um proprietate c>eant1 et jus lib]tatis amittant4 99 99 99 ,illud gravius et ac]bius1 quod additur huic malo s]vilius malum4 ,nam suscipiuntur adv51 fiunt prjudicio habitationis indig51 et quos suscipiunt ut extraneos et ali5os1 incipiunt hab]e quasi proprios3 quos esse con/at +5uos1 v]tunt 9 s]vos4 ,"s ( ^?1 :5 !y lose _! dwell+s & _! little fields by invasion1 or leave !m1 be+ worri$ by exactions1 z !y c no long] hold !m1 seek ! gr\nds ( ! l>g] proprietors1 & become ! coloni/s ( ! weal?y4 ,or1 z is usual ) ^? :o are driv5 (f by ! fe> ( enemies1 & take refuge 9 ! ca/les1 or :o1 hav+ lo/ _! /ate ( safe fre$om1 fly to "s asylum 9 despair3 s !y :o c no long] h ! place or ! dignity d]iv$ f _! bir?1 subject !mselves to ! abject yoke ( ! soj\rn]'s lot2 r$uc$ to su* necessity1 t !y are /ripp$ n only ( _! prop]ty1 b also ( _! rank2 go+ into exile n only f :at belongs to !m b f _! v selves1 & ) !mselves los+ all t !y _h1 !y are b]eft ( any prop]ty 9 ?+s & lose ! v "r ( lib]ty4 99 99 99 ,a m degrad+ injury is add$ to ?is evil4 ,= !y are receiv$ z /rang]s1 !y become inhabitants b]eft ( ! rights ( inhabitants2 !y :o receive !m z =eign]s & ali5s beg9 to treat !m z prop]ty1 & *ange into slaves ^? :o1 evid5tly1 7 free4 ,9 ?is picture ( ! coloni/1 we may f9d ! outl9e ( ! villa9 ( a lat] age2 & 9 ! sev]al enactm5ts & regulations ( succe$+ legislators & c\ncils1 we %all discov] ! *anges :i* s]vitude und]w5t previ\s to its total ext9ction 9 ,europe4 ,flodo>d91 c4 #bh1 ,hi/ory ( ! *ur* ( ,rheims1 gives u ! w ( ,/4 ,remi1 its bi%op1 :o baptiz$ ,clovis1 ^u 8 conv]sion 9 #dif1 & :o 0 /ill liv+ 9 ! ye> #eej4 ,?is docum5t grants fre$om to "s ( ! coloni/s belong+ to t *ur* & reta9s o!rs 9 s]vice4 ,du ,cange says 7,art4 ,colonus7 t ?\gh 9 sev]al in/ances ! condition ( ! coloni/s 0 z abject z t ( slaves1 yet g5]ally !y 7 9 a bett] position4 ,erant igitur coloni m$i conditionis int] +5uos seu lib]os et s]vos4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,viii4 ,f ! fact t ! slaves ( ?is era 7 ( ! same col\r & o!r physical qualities ( _! ma/]s2 f _! great numb]1 & consequ5tly little value1 _! condition became att5d$ ) extremely div]se circum/ances2 s v>i\s 71 !re=e1 ! relations betwe5 !m & ! ma/]1 t x w\ld n[ be impossible1 p]haps1 to give an accurate hi/ory ( _! v>i\s ca/es4 ,^! facts %\ld be kept 9 m9d1 le/ we mi/ake1 & f9d confusion1 :]e di/9ction 0 suffici5tly cle> & obvi\s4 ,muratori1 treat+ ( ! ,roman slaves & fre$m51 ackn[l$ges t he is unable accurately to /ate ! conditions on :i* !y manumitt$ _! slaves4 ,9 8 treatise1 8,sopra i ,s]vi e ,lib]ti ,anti*i10 he has a passage ?us3 ,noi non sappiamo se con patti1 e con quai patti una vulta si manomettess]o que' ,s]vi1 *e poi cont9uavano come ,lib]ti a s]vire 9 ,casa de' loro ,padroni1 con ess]e alzati a piu onorati impieghi4 ,sappiamo b5si dal ,tit4 ne ,op]is ,lib]torum1 e dall' altro de bonis ,lib]torum ne' ,dige/i1 *e moltissimi acqui/avano la ,lib]ta con obblig>si di f>e ai ,padroni de' ,regaii1 o delle ,fatture1 se erano ,artefici1 ,op]as1 vel ,donum4 ,que/o si praticava v]isimilm5te dai soli ,m]catanti1 ed altri ,signori dati all' int]>se1 ma non gia dalle ,nobili ,case4 ,p] conto di que/o1 le anti*e ,iscrizioni ci fanno v$]e1 *e moltissimi furono coloro1 *e an*e dopo la conseguita ,lib]ta seguitavano a conviv]e1 e s]vire 9 quelle m$esime ,case1 non piu come ,s]vi1 ma come ,lib]ti1 p]*e probabilm5te tornava il conto agli uni e agli altri4 ,i ,padroni si s]vivano di ,p]sone loro confid5ti1 e gia inne/ate nella propria ,famiglia2 ei ,lib]ti cresciuti di onore1 e di guadagno poteano cumul>e roba p] se e p] li ,figli4 ,non ho io potuto scoprire se i ,romani t5ess]o ,s]vi ,m]c5>j come oggidi4 ,o di v]i ,s]vi1 o di ,lib]ti allora si s]vivano4 ,cio po/o1 m>aviglia e1 *e il ,pignoria1 9 tratt&o degli ,ufizj de' ,s]vi anti*i1 imbrogliasse tanto le c>te1 s5za di/+u]e i ,s]vi dai ,lib]ti1 e con attribuir molti impieghi ai primi1 *e pure erano ris]bati agli ultimi4 ,e piu da /upire e1 cit>si da lui ,m>mi1 *e p>lano di ,lib]ti1 e pure sono presi da esso1 come se p>lass]o di ,s]vi4 ,we "k n :e!r !y manumitt$ ^u condition1 or1 if s1 ^u :at conditions !y manumitt$ =m]ly ^? s]vants :o cont9u$ !nce=? z fre$ p]sons1 b elevat$ to m hon\rable employm5ts1 to s]ve 9 ! h\ses ( _! ma/]s4 ,we d inde$ "k 9 ! ,tit4 de ,op]is ,lib]torum1 & 9 ano!r de bonis ,lib]torum ( ! ,dige/s1 t v _m acquir$ _! lib]ty ) ! obligation ( giv+ to _! ma/]s pres5ts1 or do+ "w if !y 7 arti/s1 ,op]as vel donum4 ,?is 0 9 all likelihood practis$ only by m]*ants or o!r ma/]s giv5 to mak+ pr(it1 b n by noble h\ses4 ,z to ^! ! anci5t inscriptions exhibit to u t v _m :o obta9$ _! fre$om1 yet cont9u$ to live & to d s]vice 9 ^? same h\ses1 no long] z slaves1 b z fre$ p]sons1 because probably ea* p>ty f\nd x b5eficial4 ,! patrons kept ab\t !m p]sons 9 :om !y _h confid5ce1 & :o _h already be5 engraft$ on _! families2 ! fre$ p]sons1 gr[n to hon\r & mak+ pr(it c\ld create prop]ty = !mselves & = _! *ildr54 ,i _c discov] :e!r ! ,romans _h hirel+ s]vants1 z is n[ ! case4 ,!y _h !n true slaves & sometimes fre$ p]sons4 ,?is be+ ! case1 x is matt] ( surprise t ,pignoria1 9 treat+ ( ! employm5t ( ! anci5t slaves1 %\ld h be5 s p]plex$ z n to be able cle>ly to di/+ui% slaves f fre$ p]sons1 & %\ld h attribut$ to ! =m] _m employm5ts :i* 7 specially res]v$ = ! latt]3 & x is m to be wond]$ at1 t m>bles :i* speak ( fre$ p]sons are ref]r$ to by him & expla9$ z treat+ ( slaves4 ,x is cle> t ev5 9 ! days ( ! ,emp]or ,claudius1 to ^: reign1 ,a4,d4 #de1 ! m>ble ( :i* he treats ref]s1 & probably long be=e t p]iod1 _m ( ! fre$m5 ( ! ,roman empire 7 b\nd to d c]ta9 s]vices = ! patrons :o _h be5 _! ma/]s1 & t ?is obligation desc5d$ to _! prog5y4 ,h5ce ?is w\ld /ill be a species ( s]vitude4 ,! b>b>ians :o ov]ran ! empire came *iefly f ,scy?ia & ,g]many1 z t va/ region 0 !n call$ :i* /ret*es f ! ,alps to ! ,nor!rn ,ocean4 ,:5 !y settl$ 9 ! conqu]$ prov9ces ( ,gaul & 9 ,italy1 !y introduc$ _m ( _! cu/oms z well ( gov]nm5t z ( policy4 ,mo/ ( _! slaves 7 :at ! writ]s ( ! second1 ?ird1 & f\r? c5turies describe z coloni & conditionibus obligati4 ,z ,tacitus describes1 9 xxv4 ,de ,moribus ,g]manorum3 8,! slaves 9 g5]al are n arrang$ at _! sev]al employm5ts 9 ! h\sehold affairs1 z is ! practice at ,rome4 ,ea* has 8 sep>ate habitation1 & 8 own e/abli%m5t to manage4 ,! ma/] consid]s him z an agr>ian dep5dant1 :o is oblig$ to furni% a c]ta9 quantity ( gra91 cattle1 or we>+-app>el4 ,! slave obeys1 & ! /ate ( s]vitude ext5ds no fur!r4 ,all dome/ic affairs are manag$ by ! ma/]'s wife & *ildr54 ,to puni% a slave ) /ripes2 to load him ) *a9s1 or condemn him to h>d lab\r1 is unusual4 ,x is true t slaves are sometimes put to dea?1 n "u col\r ( ju/ice1 or ( any au?ority ve/$ 9 ! ma/]2 b 9 a transport ( passion1 9 a fit ( rage1 z is (t5 ! case 9 a sudd5 affray b x is also true t ?is species ( homicide passes ) impunity4 ,! fre$m5 are n ( mu* high] consid]ation ?an ! actual slaves2 !y obta9 no rank 9 _! ma/]'s family1 &1 if we except ! p>ts ( ,g]many :]e mon>*y is e/abli%$1 !y nev] figure on ! /age ( public bus9ess4 ,9 despotic gov]nm5ts !y (t5 rise above ! m5 ( +5u\s bir?1 & ev5 eclipse ! :ole body ( ! nobles4 ,9 o!r /ates ! subord9ation ( ! fre$m5 is a pro( ( public lib]ty40 ,at all ages1 slaves :o belong$ to ! absolute mon>*1 sometimes became elevat$ above ! native nobility3 witness ! case ( ,joseph 9 ,egypt2 ( ,eb$ ,mele*1 :o 0 black1 9 ,judea2 ( ,haman1 also a black1 an ,amalekite2 ( ,mordecai1 8 successor2 ( ,e/h] ! que52 ( ,daniel ! prophet1 & ,felix1 gov]nor ( ,judea1 a ,greek slave to ! ,roman emp]or4 ,b su* ?+s c nev] occur 9 a republic4 ,to a political mis=tune ( ?is k9d ! prophet alludes--8,s]vants 7slaves7 h rul$ ov] u0--?an :i* no?+ c be m expressive ( ! loss ( lib]ty4 ,9 ! app5dix to ! ,!odosian code1 ,con/4 #e1 we read-- ,inv]ecund arte def5detur1 si hi ad conditionem vel orig9em reposcuntur1 quibus tempore famis1 cum 9 mortem p5uria cog]5tur1 opitul>i non potuit dom9us aut patronus4 ,x is =bidd5 z a %ameless trick1 t an ef=t %\ld be made to rega9 to _! condition or orig9al /ate1 ^? :om ! ma/]1 or patron c\ld n aid1 :51 9 a p]iod ( fam9e1 !y 7 press$ ne>ly to dea? by want4 ,?is exhibits ! obligation on ! patron ( ! p]son "u condition1 & on ! ma/] ( ! slave1 to support !m1 & ! de/ruction ( _! title by ! neglect ( _! duty4 ,muratori obs]ves1 t 9 process ( "t1 ! special agreem5ts & p>ticul> enactm5ts reg>d+ ! conditions1 gave su* a v>iety z baffl$ all attempts at classification & precision4 ,at a mu* e>li] p]iod1 slaves _h become a drug 9 ! ,italian m>ket4 ,:51 ab\t ! ye> #dje1 ,rhadagasius1 ! ,go?1 0 lead+ upw>ds ( ?ree hundr$ ?\s& ( 8 b>b>ians into ,italy1 ! ,emp]or ,honorius ord]$ ! slaves to be arm$ = ! def5ce ( ! c\ntry1 by :i* arm+ !y g5]ally obta9$ _! fre$om2 ,/ili*on1 ! consul1 slew ne>ly "o hundr$ & fifty ?\s& ( ! invad]s 9 ! vic9ity ( ,flor5ce1 & made prison]s ( ! rema9d]1 :o 7 sold z slaves at ! l[ price ( "o piece ( gold = ea*4 ,jacobs e/imates ! aureus at elev5 %ill+s4 ,x is suppos$ to h conta9$ ab\t #gj gra9s ( gold1 :i* w make ! price ( a slave1 at t "t1 ab\t #b4fj4 ,b ,wilk9s 7,leges ,saxon47 in=ms u t1 9 ,engl&1 ab\t ! ye> #ajjj1 ! price ( a slave 0 #b #afs4 #c;d4 /]l+1 n q ! value ( two horses4 ,b1 ( ^! slaves ( ,/ili*on1 numb]s di$ )9 ! ye>1 s t ,b>onius relates 7,annals1 ,a4,d4 #djf7 t ! pur*as]s _h to pay m = _! burial ?an = _! bodies2 accord+ to ! rem>ks ( ,orosius1 9 ?is /ate ( ! m>ket1 x 0 easy = ! slave to procure t he %\ld be held at a condition1 & !nce=? ! numb] "u condition greatly increas$1 & 9 process ( "t became m num]\s ?an ^? 9 absolute slav]y4 ,9 ! ye> #eda1 ! f\r? c\ncil ( ,orleans 0 celebrat$1 9 ! ?irtie? ye> ( ,k+ ,*ildeb]t4 ,! n9? canon3--,ut episcopus1 qui de facultate propria ecclesi nihil rel9quit1 de ecclesi facultate si quid alit] quam canones eloquuntur obligav]it1 v5did]it aut di/rax]it1 ad ecclesiam revocetur1 7ab ecclesia1 9 o!r editions47 ,sane si de s]vis ecclesi lib]tos fecit num]o compet5ti1 9 +5uitate p]maneant1 ita ut ab (ficio ecclesi non rec$ant4 ,be x enact$1 ,t a bi%op :o has left none ( 8 private prop]ty to ! *ur* %all n dispose ( any ( ! *ur* prop]ty1 o!rwise ?an z ! canons po9t out4 ,%\ld he b9d or sell or sep>ate any ?+ o!rwise1 let x be recall$ = ! *ur*4 ,b if1 inde$1 he has made freem5 ( slaves ( ! *ur* to a reasonable numb]1 let !m cont9ue 9 _! fre$om1 b ) ! obligation ( n dep>t+ f ! duty ( ! *ur*4 ,! canon xxii4 ( ! same c\ncil is-- ,ut s]vis ecclesi1 vel sac]dotum1 prdas et captivitates ex]c]e non liceat2 qui iniquum e/1 ut quorum dom9i r$emptionis pr/>e sol5t suffragium1 p] s]vorum excessum discipl9a ecclesia/ica maculetur4 ,t x be n lawful = ! slaves ( ! *ur*1 or ( ! prie/s1 to g on pr$atory excursions or to make captives1 = x is unju/ t :5 ! ma/]s are accu/om$ to aid 9 r$eem+1 ! discipl9e ( ! *ur* %\ld be disgrac$ by ! misconduct ( ! slaves4 ,9 ,judaism1 ,god _h e/abli%$ a limit$ sanctu>y = slaves & = c]ta9 malefactors1 n to enc\rage crime1 b to protect aga9/ ! fury ( passion1 & to give "s sort ( aid to ! feeble4 ,paganism adopt$ ! pr9ciple1 & ! ,*ri/ian temple & its prec9cts became1 n only by common cons5t1 b by legal enactm5t1 ! sanctu>y in/ead ( ! =m]4 ,l e useful in/itution1 ?is too 0 occasionally abus$4 ,! xxix? canon 0-- ,qucumque mancipia sub specie conjugii ad ecclesi septa confug]9t1 ut p] hoc cr$ant posse fi]i conjugium1 m9ime eis lic5tia tribuatur1 nec talis conjunctio a cl]icis def5setur3 quia probatum e/1 ut s9e legitim traditione conjuncti1 pro religionis ord9e1 /atuto tempore ab ,ecclesi communione susp5dantur1 ne 9 sacris locis turpi concubitu misceantur4 ,de qu re dec]nimus1 ut p>5tibus aut propriis dom9is1 pr\t ratio poscit p]son>um1 accept fide excusati sub sep>ationis promissione r$dantur3 po/modum tam5 p>5tibus atque dom9is lib]tate concess1 si eos volu]9t propri voluntate conjung]e4 ,let n ^? slaves :o1 "u pretext ( m>riage1 take refuge )9 ! prec9cts ( ! *ur*1 imag9+ t by ?is !y w\ld make a m>riage1 be all[$ to d s1 nor let su* union be c\nt5anc$ by ! cl]gy3 = x has be5 regulat$ t !y :o =m an union1 )\t lawful deliv]y1 %\ld be1 = ! good ord] ( religion1 sep>at$ = a fix$ p]iod f ! communion ( ! *ur*1 s t ?is vile connection may be prev5t$ 9 holy places4 ,:]e=e we decree1 t su* p]sons1 be+ decl>$ free f ! bond ( any plight$ fai? & made to promise a sep>ation1 %\ld be re/or$ to _! p>5ts or own]s1 z ! case may require2 to be1 h[ev]1 subsequ5tly1 if ! p>5ts or own]s %\ld grant leave1 m>ri$ ) _! own free cons5t4 ,z we h se5 9 "s p>ts ( ! ,ea/ at an e>li] p]iod1 n[ 9 ?is portion ( ! ,we/1 ! slaves 7 made incapable ( ent]+ into ! m>riage-contract )\t ! own]'s cons5t4 ,9 ?is same c\ncil1 canon xxx41 provision is made = af=d+ to ! ,*ri/ians1 :o are held z slaves by ! ,jews1 n only sanctu>y ( ! *ur*1 b 9 ! h\se ( any ,*ri/ian1 until a fair price %all be /ipulat$ = & paid to ! ,jewi% own]1 if ! ,*ri/ian be unwill+ to return to 8 s]vice4 ,?is is a cle> recognition ( ! "r ( prop]ty 9 slaves4 ,canon xxxi4 ( ?is c\ncil provides1 t 8if any ,jew %all br+ a slave to be a proselyte to 8 religion1 or make a ,jew ( a ,*ri/ian slave1 or take z 8 companion a ,*ri/ian female slave1 or induce a slave born ( ,*ri/ian p>5ts to become a ,jew "u ! influ5ce ( a promise ( emancipation1 he %all lose ! title to e su* slave4 ,& fur!r1 t if any ,*ri/ian slave %all become a ,jew = ! sake ( be+ manumitt$ ) condition1 & %all cont9ue to be a ,jew1 ! lib]ty %all be lo/ & ! condition %all n avail him40 ,canon xxxii4 provides1 t ! 8desc5dants ( a slave1 :]ev] !y may be1 ev5 aft] a long lapse ( "t1 ?\gh !re %\ld be neglect1 if f\nd ^u ! l& or possession ^u :i* _! p>5ts 7 plac$1 %all be held to ! orig9al conditions e/abli%$ by ! deceas$ proprietor = ! deceas$ p>5ts1 & ! prie/ ( ! place %all aid 9 en=c+ ! fulfilm5t1 & any p]sons :o %all ?r\gh av>ice int]pose ob/acles1 %all be plac$ "u *ur* c5sures40 ,! doctr9e & discipl9e ( ! *ur* ( ! ,franks 7 l t ( o!r *ur*es 9 ! sev]al regions ( ,*ri/5dom at ?is p]iod4 ,a fif? c\ncil 0 held at ,orleans1 9 ! ye> #edi1 ! ?irty-eigh? ( ,k+ ,*ildeb]t4 ,! six? canon ( ?is c\ncil relates to ! improp] ord9ation ( slaves1 & also exhibits di/9ctly ! fre$m5 "u condition1 class+ !m 9 ! same category ) slaves4 ,canon vi4 ,ut s]vum1 qui lib]tatem a dom9is propriis non accep]it1 aut etiam jam lib]tum1 nullus episcoporum absque ejus tantum voluntate1 cujus aut s]vus e/1 aut eum absolvisse dignoscitur1 cl]icum audeat ord9>e4 ,quod si quisquam fec]it1 si qui ord9atus e/ a dom9o revocetur1 et ille qui e/ collator ord9is1 si sci5s fecisse probatur1 sex m5sibus missas tantum fac]e non prsumat4 ,si v]o scul>ium s]vus esse conv9citur1 ei qui ord9atus e/ b5$ictione s]vat1 hone/um ord9i dom9o suo imp5dat obsequium4 ,quod si scul>is dom9us amplius eum volu]it incl9>e1 ut sacro ord9i inf]re videatur injuriam1 duos s]vos sicut antiqui canones hab5t1 episcopus qui eum ord9avit dom9o scul>i re/ituat2 et episcopus eum quem ord9avit ad ecclesiam suam revoc&i habeat pote/atem4 ,t no bi%op %all d>e to orda9 z a cl]gyman1 ! slave :o %all n h receiv$ lic5ce f 8 prop] own]s1 or a p]son already fre$1 )\t ! p]mission ( ei!r ! p]son ^: s]vant he is1 or ( ! p]son :o is kn[n to h fre$ him4 ,& if any "o %all d s1 let him :o is orda9$ be recall$ by 8 ma/]1 & let him :o conf]r$ ! ord]1 if x be prov$ t he did s kn[+ ! /ate ( ! p]son1 n presume to celebrate mass = six mon?s only4 ,b if x be prov$ t he is ! s]vant ( lay p]sons1 let ! p]son orda9$ be kept 9 8 rank & d s]vice = 8 own] 9 a way becom+ 8 ord]2 b if 8 lay own] debases him "u t grade1 s z to d any di%on\r to 8 holy ord]2 let ! bi%op :o orda9$ him give1 z ! anci5t canons enact1 two slaves to 8 ma/]1 & be emp[]$ to take him :om he orda9$ to 8 *ur*4 ,! canon reg>ds manumission1 & ! protection ( ^? prop]ly lib]at$ f slav]y1 aga9/ ! inju/ice ( p]sons :o disreg>d$ ! legal absolution f s]vice4 ,canon xii4 ,et quia plurimorum sugge/ione comp]imus1 eos qui 9 ecclesiis juxta patrioticam consuetud9em a s]vitio fu]9t absoluti1 pro libito quorumcumque it]um ad s]vitium revoc>i1 impium esse tractavimus1 ut quod 9 ecclesia ,dei consid]atione a v9culo s]vitutis absolvitur1 irritum habeatur4 ,ideo pietatis caus1 communi consilio placuit obs]v&um1 ut qucumque mancipia ab +5uis dom9is s]vitute laxantur1 9 e lib]tate maneant1 quam tunc a dom9is p]cep]unt4 ,hujusmodi quoque lib]tas si a quocumque pulsata fu]it1 cum ju/iti ab ecclesiis def5datur1 prt] eas culpas pro quibus leges collatas s]vis revoc>e juss]unt lib]tates4 ,& s9ce we h discov]$ by in=mation f sev]al1 t !y :o1 accord+ to ! cu/om ( ! c\ntry1 7 absolv$ f slav]y 9 ! *ur*es1 7 aga91 at ! w ( "s p]sons1 r$uc$ to slav]y2 we h reg>d$ x to be an impiety2 t :at has by a judicial decree be5 absolv$ f s]vitude 9 ! *ur* ( ,god1 %\ld be set at n\ght4 ,:]e=e1 ?r\gh motives ( piety1 x is decre$ by common c\nsel to be h5ce=? obs]v$1 t :atev] slaves are fre$ f s]vitude by free ma/]s are to rema9 9 t fre$om :i* !y !n receiv$ f ! ma/]s2 & %\ld ?is lib]ty ( !irs be assail$ by any p]son1 x %all be def5d$ )9 ! limits ( ju/ice by ! *ur*es1 sav+ :]e !re are crimes = :i* ! laws h enact$ t ! lib]ty grant$ to s]vants %all be recall$4 ,x is q evid5t1 f ,exodus xii4 #dd1 t ! ,israelites1 :o 7 !mselves slaves 9 ,egypt1 also !mselves possess$ slaves4 ,also f ,nehemiah vii4 #fg1 t ! ,jews :o 7 slaves 9 ,babylon1 yet1 ^u _! lib]ation1 7 f\nd to own #gccg slaves2 & f ! =ego+ x appe>s t ! p]sons !n call$ lib]ti or fre$m51 or ! conditionati or p]sons "u condition1 & probably1 9 "s in/ances1 coloni or coloni/s1 _h slaves1 b 7 n p]mitt$ to lib]ate !m1 at lea/ )\t ! cons5t ( _! own ma/]s1 = ! canon speaks ( only ! s]vants ( ! +5ui1 or ^? :o enjoy$ p]fect fre$om4 ,we see1 also1 :at is evid5t f _m o!r s\rces1 t p]sons :o _h obta9$ _! fre$om 7 = "s crimes r$uc$ to s]vitude1 & we %all see1 9 future times1 ev5 freem5 are enslav$ = v>i\s (f5ces4 ,aga91 9 ! canon xxii4 ( ?is c\ncil1 we f9d provision :i* exhibits ! caution :i* 0 us$ 9 regulat+ ! "r ( sanctu>y = slaves4 ,?is "r 01 9 ,*ri/ianity1 a concession ( ! civil p[]1 humanely int]pos+1 9 times ( imp]fect security & viol5t passion1 ! protect+ arm ( ! *ur*1 to arre/ ! viol5ce ( "o p>ty1 s z to secure m]ciful ju/ice = ! o!r1 & to make ! compositions ( peace & equity be sub/itut$ = ! v5geance or ! exactions ( p[]4 ,x 01 s f> f be+ an enc\ragem5t to crime1 "o ( ! be/ helps t[>ds civiliz+ ! b>b>ian4 ,canon xxii4 ,de s]vis v]o1 qui pro qualibet culp ad ecclesi septa confug]9t1 id /atuimus obs]v&um1 ut1 sicut 9 antiquis con/itutionibus t5etur scriptum1 pro concess culp datis a dom9o sacram5tis1 quisquis ille fu]it1 egr$iatur de v5i jam securus4 ,enimv]o si immemor fidei dom9us transc5disse conv9citur quod juravit1 ut is qui v5iam accep]at1 probetur po/modum pro e cum qualicumque supplicio cruciatus1 dom9us ille1 qui immemor fuit dat fidei1 sit ab omnium communione susp5sus4 ,it]um si s]vus de promissione v5i datis sacram5tis a dom9o jam securus exire nolu]it1 ne sub tali contumaci requir5s locum fug dom9o =tasse disp]iat1 egr$i nol5tem a dom9o eum liceat occup>i1 ut nullam1 quasi pro ret5tatione s]vi1 quibuslibet modis mole/iam aut calumniam patiatur ecclesia3 fidem tam5 dom9us1 quam pro concess v5i d$it1 null tem]itate transc5dat4 ,quod si aut g5tilis dom9us fu]it1 aut alt]ius sect1 qui a conv5tu ecclesi probatur extraneus1 is qui s]vum repetit p]sonas requirat bon fidei ,*ri/ianas1 ut ipsi 9 p]son dom9i s]vo prbeant sacram5ta3 quia ipsi possunt s]v>e quod sacrum e/1 qui pro transgressione ecclesia/icam metuunt discipl9am4 ,we enact ?is to be obs]v$ respect+ slaves1 :o may = any fault fly to ! prec9cts ( ! *ur*1 t1 z is f\nd writt5 9 anci5t con/itutions1 :5 ! ma/] %all pl$ge 8 oa? to grant p>don to ! culprit1 :osoev] he may be1 he %all g out secure ( p>don4 ,b1 if ! ma/]1 unm9dful ( 8 oa?1 %all be convict$ ( hav+ gone beyond :at he _h sworn1 s t x %all be prov$ t ! s]vant :o _h receiv$ p>don 0 aft]w>ds tortur$ ) any puni%m5t = t fault1 let t ma/] :o 0 =getful ( 8 oa? be sep>at$ f ! communion ( all4 ,aga91 %\ld ! s]vant secur$ f puni%m5t by ! ma/]'s oa?1 be unwill+ to g =?1 x %all be lawful = ! ma/]1 t he %\ld n lose ! s]vice ( a slave seek+ sanctu>y by su* contumacy1 to seize ^u su* a "o unwill+ to g out1 s t ! *ur* %\ld n suff] ei!r tr\ble or calumny by any means on acc\nt ( reta9+ su* s]vant3 b let n ! ma/] 9 any way ra%ly violate ! oa? t he swore = grant+ p>don4 ,b1 if ! ma/] be a g5tile1 or ( any o!r sect prov$ )\t ! *ur*1 let ! p]son :o claims ! slave procure ,*ri/ian p]sons ( good acc\nt :o %all swe> = ! s]vant's security 9 ! ma/]'s "n3 because !y :o dread ecclesia/ical discipl9e = transgression c keep t :i* is sacr$4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,ix4 ,bi%op ,engl& has1 9 8 eigh? lett]1 allud$ to ! /ate ( society 9 ,engl& & ,irel& at ?is e>ly day1 = ! purpose ( elucidat+ ! fact t ! doctr9es ( ! *ur* conc]n+ slav]y & ! civil condition ( ^? regions 7 mat]ially )\t diff]5ce f ! o!r p>ts ( ,europe4 ,"s portions ( 8 lett]1 al?\gh1 p]haps1 too di/ant f our subject1 are1 nev]!less1 too int]e/+ to omit4 ,ab\t ! ye> #dfb1 ,niell ,naoigiallu*1 or ,neill ( ! ,n9e ,ho/ages1 ravag$ ! coa/ ( ,brita9 & ,gaul4 ,9 ?is exp$ition a l>ge numb] ( captives 7 made4 ,"o y\?1 sixte5 ye>s ( age1 by ! "n ( ,co?raige1 0 sold to ,mil*o1 & 0 employ$ by him 9 t5d+ %eep1 9 a place call$ ,dalradia--)9 ! pres5t c\nty ( ,antrim4 ,?is ,co?raige 0 ,/4 ,patrick1 subsequ5tly ! apo/le ( ,irel&4 ,/4 ,patrick1 9 8 ,confessions1 /ates t _m ( 8 un=tunate c\ntrym5 7 c>ri$ (f & made captives1 & disp]s$ among _m nations4 ,! ,romans _h possession ( ,brita91 & ev5 _h n slav]y exi/$ !re previ\sly1 !y w\ld h introduc$ x2 b1 ! ,britons ne$$ n ?is lesson2 !y _h be5 conv]sant ) x be=e3 we %all see evid5ce ( ! long cont9uance ( its practice4 ,ab\t ! ye> #dej1 a p>ty ( !m1 among :om 7 sev]al t pr(ess$ ! ,*ri/ian religion1 made a piratical incursion ^u ! ,iri% coa/1 "u ! comm& ( ,corotic1 or ,c>actacus1 or ,coroticus4 ,lanigan compiles ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ?is incursion f ! ,eccles4 ,hi/ory ( ,irel&1 vol4 i4 c4 iv4 8,?is pr9ce1 ,coroticus1 ?\gh app>5tly a ,*ri/ian1 0 a tyrant1 a pirate1 & a p]secutor4 ,he l&$1 ) a p>ty ( 8 arm$ foll[]s1 _m ( :om 7 ,*ri/ians1 at a season ( solemn baptism1 & set ab\t plund]+ a di/rict 9 :i* ,/4 ,patrick _h j baptiz$ & confirm$ a great numb] ( conv]ts1 & on ! v day aft] ! holy *rism 0 se5 %9+ 9 ! =eheads ( ! :ite-rob$ neophytes4 ,hav+ murd]$ sev]al p]sons1 ^! m>aud]s c>ri$ (f a consid]able numb] ( p1 :om !y w5t ab\t sell+ or giv+ up z slaves to ! ,scots & ! apo/ate ,picts4 ,/4 ,patrick wrote a lett]1 :i* he s5t by a holy prie/ :om he _h in/ruct$ f 8 y\ng] days1 to ^? pirates1 reque/+ ( !m to re/ore ! baptiz$ captives & "s "p ( ! booty4 ,! prie/ & ! o!r ecclesia/ics t accompani$ him be+ receiv$ by !m ) scorn & mock]y1 & ! lett] n att5d$ to1 ! sa9t f\nd himself "u ! necessity ( issu+ a circul> epi/le or decl>ation aga9/ !m & _! *ief ,coroticus1 9 :i*1 ann\nc+ himself a bi%op & e/abli%$ 9 ,irel&1 he proclaims to all ^? :o fe> ,god1 t said murd]]s & robb]s are excommunicat$ & e/rang$ f ,*ri/1 & t x is n lawful to %[ !m civility1 nor to eat or dr9k ) !m1 nor to receive _! (f]+s1 until1 s9c]ely rep5t+1 !y make atonem5t to ,god & lib]ate 8 s]vants & ! h&maids ( ,*ri/4 ,he begs ( ! fai?ful1 into ^: h&s ! epi/le may come1 to get x read be=e ! p ev]y:]e1 & be=e ,coroticus himself1 & to communicate x to 8 soldi]s1 9 ! hope t !y & _! ma/] may return to ,god1 c4 ,among o!r v affect+ expo/ulations1 he obs]ves t ! ,roman & ,gallic ,*ri/ians are wont to s5d prop] p]sons ) great sums ( money to ! ,franks & o!r pagans1 = ! purpose ( r$eem+ ,*ri/ian captives2 :ile1 on ! contr>y1 t mon/]1 ,coroticus1 made a trade ( sell+ ! memb]s ( ,*ri/ to nations ignorant ( ,god40 ,! ,britons 7 frequ5tly invad$ by ! ,scots1 ^u ! ab&onm5t ( _! c\ntry by ! ,romans2 & at ! p]iod "h allud$ to1 x is suppos$ by _m t ! captives tak5 f ,irel& 7 9 sev]al in/ances giv5 by _! possessors to ! plund]+ & victori\s ,nor?m51 by ! ,britons1 9 ex*ange = _! own captur$ relatives1 :om !y desir$ to release4 ,ab\t ! ye> #eee1 ,pope ,pelagius held1 "u ! protection ( ,k+ ,*ildeb]t1 ! ?ird c\ncil ( ,p>is1 9 :i* we f9d a canon1 entitl$1 8,de ,s]vis ,deg5]ibus10 conc]n+ 8ba/>d slaves10 z foll[s3 7,see ,du ,cange47 ,canon ix4 ,de deg5]ibus s]vis1 qui pro sepul*ris defunctorum pro qualitate ipsius m9i/]ii deputantur1 hoc placuit obs]v>i1 ut sub qu ab auctoribus fu]9t conditione dimissi1 sive h]$ibus1 sive ecclesiis pro def5sione fu]9t deputati1 voluntas defuncti circa eos 9 omnibus debeat obs]v>i4 ,quod si ecclesia eos de fisci functionibus 9 omni p>te def5d]it ecclesi tam illi1 quam po/]i eorum1 def5sione 9 omnibus potiantur1 et occursum imp5dant4 ,x is enact$ conc]n+ ba/>d slaves :o are plac$ to keep ! sepul*res1 because ( ! rank ( t (fice1 t :e!r !y be plac$ "u ! protection ( ! heirs or ( ! *ur* = _! def5ce1 ^u ! condition ^u :i* !y 7 dis*>g$ by _! own]s1 ! w ( ! deceas$ %\ld be obs]v$ 9 all ?+s 9 _! reg>d4 ,b1 if ! *ur* %all keep !m entirely exempt f ! s]vices & paym5ts ( ! fisc1 let !m & _! desc5dants enjoy ! protection ( ! *ur* = def5ce1 & pay to x _! tribute4 ,! auctores1 or au?ors1 9 ! orig9al s5se1 7 own]s or ma/]s2 & subsequ5tly1 especially 9 ,gaul1 x 0 (t5 tak5 to mean p>5ts1 :i* probably1 f ! context1 is "h its mean+2 &1 we f9d a new title & a new class1 :]e ! ma/] hav+ committ$ a crime ) 8 s]vant1 ! (fspr+ 0 8 slave2 yet1 8 natural affection caus$ ! p>5t to grant him a condition$ fre$om1 to protect :i* ?is canon specifi$ ! gu>dian to be ei!r ! heir or ! *ur*4 ,m>t91 ar*bi%op ( ,braga1 :o presid$ at ! ?ird c\ncil ( t city1 9 ! ye> #egb1 collect$1 f ! c\ncils ( ! ea/ & ! we/1 ! great] portion ( ! canon law !n 9 =ce1 & made a comp5dium !re(1 :i* he di/ribut$ into eighty-f\r heads1 :i* =m$ z _m %ort canons1 & !nce=? !y 7 ! basis ( ! discipl9e 9 ,spa94 ,! =ty-six? ( ^! canons is-- ,si quis obligatus tributo s]vili1 vel aliqua conditione1 vel patroc9io cujuslibet doms1 non e/ ord9&us cl]icus1 nisi prob& vit fu]it et patroni concessus access]it4 ,if any "o is b\nd to s]vile tribute1 or by any condition1 or by ! patronage ( any h\se1 he is n to be orda9$ a cl]gyman1 unless he be ( approv$ life1 & ! cons5t ( ! patron be also giv54 ,?is canon is tak5 into ! body ( ! canon law4 ,di/4 #ec4 ,canon xlvii4 ,si quis s]vum ali5um caus religionis doceat contemn]e dom9um suum et rec$]e s]vitio ejus1 durissim ab omnibus arguatur4 ,if any p]son w tea* ! s]vant ( ano!r1 "u pretext ( religion1 to despise 8 ma/] & to )draw f 8 s]vice1 let him be mo/ %>ply rebuk$ by all4 ,?is too is tak5 into ! body ( ! canon law4 7#ag1 q4 #d1 ,si quis47 ,9 ! ye> #ehi1 ! ?ird c\ncil ( ,tol$o1 9 ,spa91 0 celebrat$1 9 ! pontificate ( ,pope ,pelagius ,,ii4 ,all ! bi%ops ( ,spa9 assembl$ ^u ! invitation ( ,k+ ,recc>$4 ,! articles ( fai? =m tw5ty-?ree heads ( v>i\s l5g?2 aft] :i* foll[ tw5ty-?ree capitula1 or little *apt]s or heads ( discipl9e4 ,! six? ( ^! is 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,de lib]tis autem id ,dei prcipiunt sac]dotes1 ut si qui ab episcopis facti sunt secundum modum quo canones antiqui dant lic5tiam1 s9t lib]i2 et tam5 a patroc9io ecclesi tam ipsi1 quam ab eis prog5iti non rec$ant4 ,ab aliis quoque lib]tati traditi1 et ecclesiis comm5dati1 patroc9io episcopali regantur3 pr9cipe hoc episcopus po/ulet4 ,! prie/s ( ,god decree conc]n+ fre$m51 t if any are made by ! bi%ops 9 ! way ! anci5t canons p]mit1 !y %all be consid]$ free2 yet s t nei!r !y nor _! desc5dants %all retire f ! patronage ( ! *ur*4 ,let ^? fre$ by o!rs & plac$ "u ! protection ( ! *ur*1 be plac$ "u ! bi%op's protection4 ,let ! bi%op ask ?is ( 8 pr9ce4 ,?is too is tak5 into ! body ( ! canon law4 7#ab1 q4 #b1 ,de lib]tis47 ,a cu/om _h already ga9$ consid]able preval5ce1 :i* we %all f9d greatly ext5d$ 9 subsequ5t ages1 ( grant+ to ! *ur*es slaves = its s]vice & support4 ,! adm9i/rators ( ! *ur* prop]ty 7 call$ familia fisci4 ,! *ur* prop]ty 0 9 ecclesia/ical docum5ts /yl$ ! fisc4 ,! fisca regis1 or royal fisc1 0 a diff]5t fund or treasury4 ,x sometimes happ5$ t ! cl]gy :o 7 ! adm9i/rators s\ght to obta9 f ! 8condition$ slaves0 m ?an !y 7 b\nd to give1 & also1 sometimes1 o!rs s\ght to h _! s]vice tak5 f ! *ur*4 ,! capitul>y viii4 ( ?is ?ird c\ncil ( ,tol$o 0 enact$ to rem$y ?is latt] grievance4 ,innu5te 7o!r copies1 jub5te7 atque cons5ti5te dom9o piissimo ,recc>$o rege1 id prcipit sac]dotale consilium1 ut cl]icorum 7o!rs1 cl]icos7 ex famili fisci nullus audeat a pr9cipe donatos expet]e2 s$ r$dito capitis sui tributo ecclesi ,dei1 cui sunt alligati1 usque dum viv5t1 regul>it] adm9i/r5t4 ,by ! sugge/ion 7or by ! comm&7 & ) ! cons5t ( ! mo/ pi\s "l ,k+ ,recc>$1 ! c\ncil ( prie/s directs t no "o %all d>e to reclaim f ! adm9i/rators ( ! *ur* ^? cl]gy giv5 by ! pr9ce2 b hav+ paid _! tribute to ! *ur* ( ,god1 to :i* !y are b\nd1 let !m1 z long z !y live1 adm9i/] regul>ly4 ,9 ! same c\ncil1 ! canon xv4 is ! foll[+3 ,si qui ex s]vis fiscalibus ecclesias =te con/rux]9t easque de su paup]tate ditav]9t1 hoc procuret episcopus prece su auctoritate regi confirm>i4 ,if any ( ! k+'s special s]vants %all h built *ur*es1 & h enri*$ !m by ! contributions f _! pov]ty1 let ! bi%op obta9 t x be confirm$ by ! royal au?ority4 ,! s]vi fiscales 7 ! private or patrimonial prop]ty ( ! k+4 ,?is also exhibits ! pr9ciple t ! slave 0 n p]mitt$ to contribute1 )\t ! cons5t ( 8 own]1 to religi\s e/abli%m5ts4 ,a canon ( ! assembly held 9 ,con/ant9ople1 #fib3 ,canon lxxxv4 ,9 duobus vel tribus te/ibus confirm>i omne v]bum ex ,scriptura accepimus4 ,s]vos ergo qui a dom9is suis manumittuntur1 sub tribus te/ibus eo frui honore dec]nimus1 qui prs5tes lib]tati vires et firmitatem aff]5t1 et ut iis qu ipsis te/ibus facta sunt fides habeatur effici5t4 ,we h le>n$ f ! ,scripture t e ^w is confirm$ 9 two or ?ree witnesses4 ,we !re=e decl>e t slaves :o are manumitt$ by _! ma/]s %all be admitt$ to enjoy t hon\r "u ?ree witnesses1 :o may be able to af=d security by _! pres5ce to ! fre$om1 & :o may be able to secure cr$it = ! acts done 9 _! view4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,x4 ,z late z ! ye> #egg1 ,brita9 furni%$ o!r nations ) slaves1 :i* is suffici5tly prov$ by ! foll[+ extract f ,b$e3 ,nec sil5tio prt]eunda op9io qu de beato ,gregorio1 traditione majorum1 ad nos usque p]lata e/3 qu videlicet ex caus admonitus1 tam s$ulam erga salutem no/r g5tis curam gess]it4 ,dicunt1 quia die qudam cum adv5i5tibus nup] m]catoribus multa v5alia 9 =um fuiss5t conlata1 multique ad em5dum confluxiss5t1 et ipsum ,gregorium int] alios adv5isse1 ae vidisse int] alia pu]os v5ales positos1 c&idi corporis ac v5u/i vults1 capillorum quoque =m egregi4 ,quos cum aspic]et1 int]rogavit1 ut ajunt1 de qu regione vel t]r ess5t adlati4 ,dictumque e/ quod de ,brittani insul1 cujus incol talis ess5t aspects4 ,rursus int]rogavit1 utrum iidem insulani1 ,*ri/iani1 an paganis adhuc erroribus ess5t implicati8 ,dictumque e/1 quod ess5t pagani4 ,at ille intimo ex corde longa trah5s suspiria3 8,heu1 proh dolor60 inquit1 8quod tam lucidi vults hom9es t5ebr>um auctor possidet1 tantaque gratia frontispicii m5tem ab int]n grati vacuam ge/at60 ,rursus ergo int]rogavit1 quod esset vocabulum g5tis illius8 ,responsum e/ quod ,angli voc>5tur4 ,at ille1 8,b510 inquit1 8nam et angelicam hab5t faciem1 et tales angelorum 9 clis decet esse coh]$es4 ,quod habet nom5 ipsa prov9cia de qu i/i sunt adlati80 ,responsum e/ quod ,deiri voc>5tur iidem prov9ciales4 ,at ille3 8,b510 inquit1 8,deiri1 de ir eruti1 et ad mis]icordiam ,*ri/i vocati4 ,rex prov9ci illius1 quomodo appellatur80 ,responsum e/ quod ,aella dic]etur4 ,at ille adlud5s ad nom5 ait3 8,alleluia1 laudem ,dei creatoris illis 9 p>tibus oportet cant>i40 ,acc$5sque ad ,pontificem ,roman et ,apo/olic s$is1 nondum enim erat ipse ,pontifex factus1 rogavit1 ut g5ti ,angliorum 9 ,britanniam aliquos v]bi m9i/ros1 p] quos ad ,*ri/um conv]t]5tur1 mitt]et3 seipsum p>atum esse 9 hoc opus ,dom9o co-op]ante p]fici5dum1 si tam5 ,apo/olico ,pap hoc ut fi]et plac]et4 ,quod dum p]fic]e non posset2 quia etsi pontifex conc$]e illi quod peti]at voluit1 non tam5 cives ,romani ut tam longe ab urbe rec$]et potu]e p]mitt]e2 mox ut ipse pontificats (ficio functus e/1 p]ficit opus diu desid]atum3 alios quidem prdicatores mitt5s1 s$ ipse prdicationem ut fructific>et suis exhortationibus et precibus adjuvans4 ,nor is t notice ( ! bless$ ,gregory :i* has come d[n to u by ! tradition ( our ance/ors to be sil5tly pass$ ov]3 =1 by reason ( ! admonition t he !n receiv$1 he became s indu/ri\s = ! salvation ( our nation4 ,= !y say1 t on a c]ta9 day :5 m]*ants _h newly arriv$1 _m ?+s 7 br\ght into ! m>ket1 & sev]al p]sons _h come to pur*ase2 ,gregory himself came among !m1 & saw expos$ = sale1 y\?s ( a fair body & h&some c\nt5ance1 ^: hair 0 also beautiful4 ,look+ at !m1 !y say1 he ask$ f :at "p ( ! _w !y 7 br\ght2 he 0 told f ! isl& ( ,brita91 ^: inhabitants 7 ( t complexion4 ,aga9 he ask$ :e!r ^! isl&]s 7 ,*ri/ians or 7 imm]s$ 9 ! errors ( paganism4 ,x 0 said1 t !y 7 pagans4 ,& he1 sigh+ deeply1 said1 8,alas6 :at a pity t ! au?or ( d>kness %\ld possess m5 ( s bright a c\nt5ance1 & t s graceful an aspect %\ld h a m9d void ( grace )960 ,aga9 he inquir$ :at 0 ! "n ( _! nation4 ,he 0 told t !y 7 call$ ,angles4 ,he said1 8,x is well1 = !y h angelic faces1 & x is fit t su* %\ld be ! coheirs ) ,angels 9 ,heav540 ,f :at prov9ce 7 !y br\ght1 0 8 next inquiry4 ,to :i* x 0 answ]$1 ,! p ( _! prov9ce are call$ ,deiri4 8,good aga910 said he1 8,deiri1 7de ir eruti17 rescu$ f ang] & call$ to ! m]cy ( ,*ri/40 ,:at is ! "n ( ! k+ ( t prov9ce8 ,he 0 told1 ,aella4 ,&1 play+ ^u ! ^w1 he respond$1 8,alleluia4 ,! praises ( ,god our ,creator ought to be *ant$ 9 ^? regions40 ,& go+ to ! pontiff ( ! ,roman ,apo/olic ,see1 = he 0 n yet made pope himself1 he bes\ght him to s5d to ,brita91 = ! nation ( ! ,angles1 "s m9i/]s ( ! ^w1 ?r\gh :om !y may be conv]t$ to ,*ri/2 & /at$ t he 0 himself ready1 ! ,"l be+ 8 aid1 to und]take ?is "w1 if ! pope %\ld s please4 ,?is he 0 n able to d1 = ?\gh ! pontiff desir$ to grant 8 petition1 ! citiz5s ( ,rome w\ld n cons5t t he %\ld g to s great di/ance !refrom4 ,z soon1 h[ev]1 z he 0 plac$ 9 ! (fice ( pope1 he p]=m$ 8 long desir$ "w3 he s5t o!r prea*]s1 b he aid$ by 8 pray]s & exhortations1 t he might make _! prea*+ fruitful4 ,gregory became pope 9 #eij4 ,soon aft] 8 elevation to ! pontifical dignity1 he s\ght to pur*ase "s ( ! ,briti% y\?s1 9 ord] to h !m tra9$ up to be mission>ies to _! c\ntrym54 ,! holy see _h already a consid]able patrimony 9 ,gaul1 be/[$ by ! piety ( ! fai?ful3 we %all see f ! foll[+ epi/le ( ! pope to ! prie/ ,c&idus1 :om he s5t z its adm9i/rator1 ! use :i* 0 made ( its income4 99 99 99 99 99 ,lib4 v4 ,epi/4 x4--,,gregorius ,c&ido ,presbyt]o eunti ad patrimonium ,galli4 ,p]g5s auxiliante ,dom9o ,deo no/ro ,jesu ,*ri/o ad patrimonium1 quod e/ 9 ,galliis gub]n&um1 volumus ut dilectio tua ex solidis quos accep]it1 ve/im5ta paup]um1 vel pu]os ,anglos1 qui sunt ab annis decem et septem1 vel decem et octo1 ut 9 mona/]iis dati ,deo pr(iciant1 comp>et2 quat5us solidi ,galli>um1 qui 9 t]r no/r exp5di non possunt1 apud locum proprium utilit] exp5dantur4 ,si quid v]o de pecuniis r$ituum1 qu dicuntur ablat1 recip]e potu]is1 ex 8 quoque ve/im5ta paup]um comp>>e te volumus2 vel1 sicut prfati sumus1 pu]os qui 9 omnipot5tis ,dei s]vitio pr(iciant4 ,s$ quia pagani sunt1 qui illic inv5iri possunt1 volo1 ut cum eis presbyt] transmittatur1 ne quid gritud9is cont+at 9 vi1 ut quos morituros conspex]it debeat baptiz>e4 ,ita igitur tua dilectio faciat1 ut hc dilig5t] impl]e fe/9et4 ,,gregory to ! ,prie/ ,c&idus1 go+ to ! patrimony ( ,gaul4 ,z y are go+1 ) aid ( ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 our ,god1 to gov]n ! patrimony :i* is 9 ,gaul2 we desire t out ( ! %ill+s y may receive1 y1 our belov$1 %\ld pur*ase clo?+ = ! poor1 or ,engli% y\?s ab\t ! age ( sev5te5 or eighte51 t1 be+ plac$ 9 mona/]ies1 !y may be useful = ! s]vice ( ,god2 s t ! money ( ,gaul1 :i* ought n to be exp5d$ 9 our l&1 may be laid out 9 its own place b5eficially4 ,if y c also get any ( ! money ( t income call$ tolls1 7ablat17 we also desire t y %\ld !re) buy clo?+ = ! poor1 or1 z we h be=e said1 y\?s :o may become pr(ici5ts 9 ! s]vice ( ,god4 ,b z !y :o dwell 9 t place are pagans1 x is our desire t a prie/ be s5t ) !m le/ !y %\ld get sick on ! j\rney1 & he ought to baptize ^? :om he may see 9 a dy+ /ate4 ,s let y1 our belov$1 d1 & be al]t 9 fulfill+ :at we h desir$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! commission ( ,pope ,gregory to pur*ase ^? y\?s 0 execut$4 ,b1 z ,l+>d obs]ves1 7,ant4 ,anglo-,saxon ,*u4 c4 i417 8_! progress 0 sl[1 & 8 zeal impati5t40 ,! result 0 t ,/4 ,augu/9e & 8 companions 7 s5t by ! pope1 & effect$ ! conv]sion ( ! isl&4 ,9 ! same *apt]1 ,l+>d describes ! ,saxons :o _h settl$ 9 ,engl&1 previ\s to _! conv]sion1 & ref]s to ,w4 ( ,malmesbury 7de reg4 #a4 i41 c4 #c47 8,! savages ( ,africa may traffic ) ! ,europeans = ! negroes :om !y h seiz$ by trea*]y1 or captur$ 9 op5 w>2 b ! mo/ savage conqu]ors ( ! ,britons sold )\t scruple1 to ! m]*ants ( ! cont95t1 _! c\ntrym51 & ev5 _! own *ildr540 8,b _! f]ocity soon yield$ to ! ex]tions ( ! mission>ies1 & ! h>%] features ( _! orig9 7 ins5sibly s(t5$ "u ! mild influ5ce ( ! gospel4 ,9 ! rage ( victory1 !y le>n$ to respect ! rights ( humanity4 ,dea? or slav]y 0 no long] ! fate ( ! conqu]$ ,britons2 by _! submission1 !y 7 incorporat$ ) ! victors2 & _! lives & prop]ty 7 protect$ by ! equity ( _! ,*ri/ian conqu]ors4 99 99 99 ,! humane idea1 t by baptism all m5 become bre?r51 contribut$ to meliorate ! condition ( slav]y1 & scatt]$ ! se$s ( t lib]ality :i* gradually und]m9$1 & at l5g? aboli%$1 s odi\s an in/itution4 ,by ! provision ( ! legislature1 ! fre$om ( ! *ild 0 secur$ f ! av>ice ( an unnatural p>5t2 & ! heavie/ puni%m5t 0 d5\nc$ aga9/ ! man :o presum$ to sell to a =eign ma/] "o ( 8 c\ntrym51 ?\gh he 7 a slave or a malefactor40 ,l+>d "h ref]s to ! /atutes ( ,ina1 quot$ 9 a previ\s /udy4 ,b x may be rem>k$ t "h is ! e>lie/ notice ( ! ,african slave-trade1 z a bran* ( ,european comm]ce1 comp>$ ) ! anci5t slave-trade c>ri$ on ) ,brita94 ,9 8 book1 8,pa/oralis ,cur10 ,( ! ,pa/oral ,c>e1 "p #c1 c4 i4 ,admonit4 vi41 ,pope ,gregory says-- ,,admonitio ,,vi4--,alit] admon5di sunt s]vi1 atque alit] dom9i4 ,s]vi scilicet1 ut 9 se semp] humilitatem conditionis aspiciant3 dom9i v]o1 ut natur su qu qualit] sunt cum s]vis conditi1 memoriam non amittant4 ,s]vi admon5di sunt ne dom9os despiciant1 ne ,deum (f5dant si ord9ationi illius sup]bi5do contradicunt3 dom9i quoque admon5di sunt1 quia contra ,deum de mun]e ejus sup]biunt1 si eos quos p] conditionem t55t subditos1 quales sibi p] natur consortium non agnoscunt4 ,i/i admon5di sunt ut sciant se s]vos esse dom9orum3 illi admon5di sunt ut cognoscant se cons]vos esse s]vorum4 ,i/is namque dicitur3 ,s]vi1 ob$ite dom9is c>nalibus4 ,et rursum3 ,quicumque sunt sub jugo s]vi1 dom9os suos omni honore dignos arbitr5tur3 illis autem dicitur3 et vos1 dom9i1 eadem facite illis1 remitt5tes m9as1 sci5tes quod et illorum et ve/] dom9us e/ 9 clis4 ,,admonition ,,vi4--,s]vants are to be admoni%$ 9 "o way1 ma/]s 9 ano!r way3 s]vants inde$1 t !y %\ld always reg>d 9 !mselves ! l[l9ess ( _! condition3 ma/]s h[ev]1 t !y lose n ! recollection ( _! nature1 by :i* !y are creat$ ^u a level ) _! slaves4 ,slaves are to be admoni%$ n to despise _! ma/]s1 le/ !y (f5d ,god1 if gr[+ pr\d !y contradict 8 ord9ance3 ma/]s too are to be admoni%$2 because !y gr[ pr\d aga9/ ,god by reason ( 8 gift1 if !y d n ackn[l$ge z _! equals1 by ! fell[%ip ( nature1 ^? :om by condition !y hold z subjects4 ,^! are to be admoni%$ t !y be m9dful t !y are ! slaves ( _! ma/]s2 ^? t !y recollect t !y are ! fell[-s]vants ( s]vants4 ,to ^! x is said3 ,s]vants1 obey y\r ma/]s 9 ! fle%3 & aga91 ,:osoev] are s]vants "u ! yoke1 let !m consid] _! ma/]s wor?y ( all hon\r3 b to ^? x is said3 ,& y1 ma/]s1 d 9 l mann] to !m1 lay+ aside ?reats1 kn[+ t y\r & _! ,ma/] is 9 heav54 ,9 8 book ii4 ( ,epi/les1 ep4 xxxix41 writ+ to ,pet]1 a subdeacon ( ,campania1 he directs him h[ to act 9 ! case ( a female slave1 belong+ to a proctor or manag] ( *ur* prop]ty1 7def5sor17 :o 0 anxi\s to be all[$ to become a si/] 9 a mona/]y1 :i* 0 n lawful )\t ! cons5t ( h] own]4 ,! pope nei!r ord]s ! ma/] to manumit h] nor to p]mit h] pr(ession1 =1 ?\gh he 0 employ$ by ! *ur*1 ! religion to :i* he belong$ did n require ( him to give away 8 prop]ty1 nor _h ! head ( t *ur* p[] to deprive him !re(2 h5ce he writes-- ,pret]ea quia ,felix def5sor puellam nom9e ,catillam hab]e dicitur1 qu cum magnis lacrymis1 et vehem5ti desid]io habitum conv]sionis appetit1 s$ eam prfatus dom9us suus conv]ti m9ime p]mittit3 pro9de volumus1 ut exp]i5tia tua prfatum ,felicem adeat1 atque puell ejusdem animum sollicite requirat2 et si ita esse cognov]it1 pretium ejusdem puell su dom9o prbeat1 et huc eam 9 mona/]io d&am cum p]sonis gravibus1 ,dom9o auxiliante1 transmittat4 ,ita v]o hc age1 ut non p] l5tam actionem tuam prfat puell anima detrim5tum aliquod 9 desid]io suo su/9eat4 ,moreov]1 because ! proctor ,felix is said to h a s]vant nam$ ,catilla1 :o ) _m te>s & vehem5t desire wi%es to obta9 ! habit ( religion2 b h] a=esaid ma/] w n by any means p]mit h] mak+ pr(ession3 x is !n our desire t y\r exp]i5ce w\ld call ^u ! said ,felix1 & c>efully exam9e ! disposition ( t "y woman1 & if y %\ld f9d x su* z is /at$1 pay to ! ma/] h] price1 & s5d h] hi!r ) discreet p]sons1 to be plac$1 ) ,god's help1 9 a mona/]y4 ,b d ?is1 s t ! s\l ( ! "y woman may n suff] any inconv5i5ce 9 h] desire1 ?r\gh y\r t>d9ess4 ,! foll[+ is a de$ ( gift :i* ! same ,pope made1 to assure ! possession ( a slave to ! bi%op ( ,porto1 "o ( ! suburban sees ne> ,rome4 ,x is curi\s1 n m]ely z exhibit+ ! fact t ! pope & ! ,see ( ,rome held & transf]r$ slaves at ?is p]iod1 b also z giv+ a specim5 ( a legal docum5t ( t date & t5or3-- 99 99 99 99 99 ,,lib4 ,x4 ,,ep4 ,,lii4--,,gregorius1 ,felici ,episcopo ,portu5si4 ,*>itatis ve/r grati provocati1 no infructuosi vobis videamur exi/]e1 prcipu cum et m9us vos hab]e s]vitia nov]imus2 ideo ,joannem juris ecclesia/ici famulum1 natione ,sab9um1 ex mass ,flavian1 annorum plus m9us decem et octo1 quem no/ra voluntate jam diu possidetis1 frat]nitati ve/r jure directo donamus atque conc$imus2 ita ut cum habeatis1 possideatis1 atque juri proprietatique ve/ra v9dicetis atque def5datis1 et quidquid de eo fac]e volu]itis1 quippe ut dom9us1 ex hujus donationis jure lib]o potiam9i arbitrio4 ,contra quam munific5ti no/r *>tulam nunquam nos successoresque no/ros nov]is esse v5turos4 ,hanc autem donationem a not>io no/ro p]scriptam legimus1 atque subscripsimus1 tribu5tes etiam non expectat pr(essione ve/r quo volu]itis tempore allig&i lic5tiam legitim /ipulatione et sponsione int]posit4 ,actum ,rom4 ,excit$ by our reg>d = y\r *>itable p]son1 t we may n appe> to be useless to y1 especially z we "k y are %ort ( s]vants3 we !re=e give & grant to y our bro!r1 by our direct "r1 ,john1 a s]vant ( ! *ur* doma91 by bir? a ,sab9e1 ( ! ,flavian prop]ty1 n[ ag$ ab\t eighte5 ye>s1 :om by our w y h a good :ile _h 9 y\r possession4 ,s t y may h & possess him1 & pres]ve & ma9ta9 y\r "r to him & def5d him z y\r prop]ty4 ,& t y may1 by ! free gift ( ?is donation1 enjoy ! ex]cise ( y\r w1 to d :at y may ?9k prop] 9 8 reg>d1 z 8 "l4 ,aga9/ :i* pap] ( our munific5ce1 y may "k t nei!r we nor our successors are ev] to come4 ,& we h read ?is de$ ( gift1 writt5 out by our not>y1 & we h subscrib$ ! same1 n ev5 await+ y\r pr(ession1 respect+ ! "t y w\ld desire lic5se to regi/] x 9 ! public acts by int]pos+ ! lawful process ( signature & cov5ant4 ,done at ,rome1 c4 ,! massa 0 g5]ally a portion ( l& ( ab\t twelve acres3 & ! s]vants belong+ specially !reto are 9 ! docum5ts ( ?is & a lat] p]iod g5]ally call$ ei!r s]vi de 7or ex7 massa1 & :5 !y subsequ5tly became condition$1 or fre$ to a c]ta9 ext5t1 !y 7 call$ hom9es de masnada1 or o!r names equival5t !reto4 ,,lib4 ,v4 ,,ep4 ,,xxxiv4--,,gregorius1 ,a!mio ,subdiacono4 ,quantus dolor1 quantaque sit no/ro cordi afflictio de 81 qu 9 p>tibus ,campani contig]unt1 dic]e non possumus3 s$ ex calamitatis magnitud9e potes ipse cognosc]e4 ,e de re1 pro rem$io captivorum qui t5ti sunt1 solidos exp]i5ti tu p] horum portitorem ,/ephanum virum magnificum transmisimus1 admon5tes ut omn9o debeas esse sollicitus1 ac /r5u p]agas1 et lib]os hom9es1 quos ad r$emptionem suam suffic]e non posse cognoscis1 tu eos fe/9es r$im]e4 ,qui v]o s]vi fu]9t1 et dom9os eorum ita paup]es esse comp]]is1 ut eos r$im]e non assurgant1 et hos quoque comp>>e non des9as4 ,p>it] etiam et s]vos ecclesi qui tu neglig5ti p]i]unt1 curabis r$im]e4 ,quo cumque autem r$em]is1 subtilit] notitiam1 qu nom9a eorum1 vel quis ubi maneat1 sive quid agat1 seu unde sit1 cont9eat1 fac]e modis omnibus /udebis1 quam tecum possis aff]re cum v5]is4 ,ita autem 9 hc re te /udiose exhib]e fe/9a1 ut ii qui r$im5di sunt1 nullum te neglig5te p]iculum poss9t incurr]e1 et tu apud nos po/ea vehem5t] incipias esse culpabilis1 s$ et hoc quam maxime age1 ut si fi]i pote/1 captivos ipsos m9ori possis pretio comp>>e4 ,sub/antiam v] sub omni puritate atque subtilitate describe1 et ipsam nobis descriptionem cum cel]itate transmitte4 ,,gregory1 to ! ,subdeacon ,an!mius3 ,we _c express h[ great is our grief & ! affliction ( our he>t1 by reason ( :at has occurr$ 9 a "p ( ,campania2 b y may y\rself e/imate x f ! ext5t ( ! calamity4 ,:]e=e1 we s5d to y\r exp]i5ce1 by ,/eph51 a wor?y man1 ! be>] h]e(1 money = ! aid ( ^? captives :o are deta9$2 admoni%+ y t y ought to be v indu/ri\s & ex]t y\rself to discov] :at freem5 are unable to procure _! own release1 & t y %\ld quickly r$eem !m4 ,b respect+ ! slaves1 :5 y %all discov] t _! ma/]s are s poor z n to h x 9 _! p[] to release !m1 y w also n omit to buy !m4 ,9 l mann] y w be c>eful to r$eem ! s]vants ( ! *ur* :o h be5 lo/ ?r\gh y\r neglect4 ,y w also be v c>eful by all means to make a neat brief1 :i* y c br+ :5 y come1 conta9+ _! names1 z also :]e any "o rema9s1 h[ he is employ$1 or :5ce he is4 ,y w be dilig5t1 & s indu/ri\s 9 ?is transaction1 z to give no cause ( dang] by y\r neglect1 = ^? :o are to be releas$1 nor run ! risk ( be+ exce$+ly culpable 9 our view4 ,y w be mo/ p>ticul>1 above all ?+s1 to procure ! release ( ! captives at ! l[e/ possible rate4 ,y w make out ! acc\nts z accurately & z cle>ly z possible1 & s5d !m to u ) spe$4 ,! calamity :i* he bewails 0 an incursion ( ! ,lomb>ds1 :o1 com+ orig9ally f ,sc&9avia1 settl$ = a :ile 9 ,pom]ania1 & ab\t ?is p]iod ravag$ ,italy4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xi4 ,at ?is age ( ! _w1 !re /ill exi/$ a feel+ ( rival%ip betwe5 ! ,jew1 ! pagan1 & ! ,*ri/ian2 &1 9 tru?1 betwe5 "s ( ! diff]5t sects ( ! latt]1 z to :i* sy/em ( religion %\ld prevail4 ,?is /ate ( facts (t5 r5d]$ ! condition ( ! slave peculi>4 ,! ,jew & ! ,*ri/ian 7 9 opposition f ! v orig9 ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! fir/ p]secutors ( ! ,*ri/ians 7 ! relatives ( ! fir/ ,*ri/ians2 ! dea? ( ! ,savi\r & ! m>tyrdom ( ,/eph51 ! imprisonm5t ( ,pet]1 ! mission ( ,saul to ,damascus1 & a v>iety ( o!r simil> facts1 exhibit 9 /rong relief ! _s ( hatr$ :i* caus$ n m]ely sep>ation1 b enmity4 ,! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem1 ! captivity ( ! p :o pres]v$ ! e>ly records ( revelation1 & ! increase ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 ev5 "u ! swords & ! gibbets ( its p]secutors1 only increas$ & p]petuat$ ?is feel+4 ,! pride ( ! ,g5tile ridicul$ :at he d5om9at$ sup]/ition3 :ile he smote ! believ] :om he mock$1 he b[$ be=e ! idol ( paganism4 ,! e>ly h]esies ( ^? :o pr(ess$ ! ,*ri/ian "n1 b sep>at$ f ,*ri/ian unity1 sprang g5]ally f ! ef=ts to de/roy ! my/]i\s nature ( ! doctr9e ( ! apo/les1 & to expla9 x by ! sy/em ( "s ,g5tile philosoph]1 or to modify x by sup]9duc+ "s ,judaic rite or pr9ciple4 ,! ,jew1 ! ,g5tile1 & ! h]etic equally felt elevat$ by 8 imag9$ sup]iority ov] ! fai?ful foll[] ( ! doctr9e ( ! ,galilean4 ,?us ! sword ( ! p]secutor1 ! sc(f ( ridicule1 & ! quibbl+ ( a false philosophy1 7 all employ$ aga9/ ! memb]s ( ! *ur*2 & among ^? :o 7 by _! situation ! mo/ expos$ to suff]+1 7 ! ,*ri/ian slaves ( ! enemies ( ! cross4 ,ev5 !y :o belong$ to ! fai?ful _h peculi> trials1 because1 frequ5tly1 9 times ( p]secution1 ma/]s1 desir\s ( obta9+ protection1 )\t actually sacrific+ to idols1 compell$ _! s]vants to p]sonate !m 9 p]petrat+ ! crime4 ,!y 7 frequ5tly circumcis$1 ev5 aga9/ _! w1 by ! ,jewi% own]s4 ,!y 7 frequ5tly mutilat$ by ! infidel ma/]4 ,!y 7 also expos$ to ! cont9u$ h>d%ips & enticem5ts ( own]s :o desir$ to make !m proselytes4 ,x 01 !re=e1 at an e>ly p]iod aft] ! conv]sion ( ,con/ant9e1 enact$ t no "o :o 0 n a ,*ri/ian %\ld hold a ,*ri/ian slave1 ^u t pr9ciple conta9$ 9 ,lev4 xxv4 #dg1 #dh4 ,we f9d 9 ! civil code1 lib4 i4 tit4 #aj1 8,judu s]vum ,*ri/ianum nec comp>>e debebit1 nec l>gitatis aut alio quocumque titulo consequetur40 ,a ,jew %all n pur*ase a ,*ri/ian slave1 nor %all he obta9 "o by title ( gift1 nor by any o!r title4 ,9 a subsequ5t "p ( ! title ! p5alty is recit$1 8non solum mancipii damno mulctetur1 v]m etiam capitali s5t5tia punietur40 ,n only %all he be mulct$ by ! loss ( ! slave1 b he %all be puni%$ by a capital s5t5ce4 ,by a decree ( ,val5t9ian ,,iii41 f\nd aft] ! ,!odosian code1 & entitl$1 8,de div]sis ecclesia/icis capitibus10 be>+ date #dbe1 ,aquileia1 vii4 ( ! ides ( ,july1 ,jews & pagans 7 prohibit$ f hold+ ,*ri/ian slaves4 ,?us by ! laws ( ! empire at ?is p]iod1 no ,jew or ,g5tile c\ld h any prop]ty 9 a ,*ri/ian slave4 ,?is pr9ciple 0 n adopt$ until a mu* lat] p]iod by ! ,franks & o!r nations1 & ?is w acc\nt = ! div]sity ( legislation & ( judgm5t :i* ! books ( ! same p]iod exhibit 9 v>i\s regions4 ,ano!r clause ( ! code 0 m compreh5sive3 8,grcus1 seu paganus1 et ,judu1 et ,sam>itanus1 et alius hreticus1 id e/1 non exi/5s or?odoxus1 non pote/ ,*ri/ianum mancipium hab]e40 ,a ,greek or pagan1 a ,jew1 a ,sam>itan1 & any h]etic1 t is1 "o n or?odox1 _c hold a ,*ri/ian slave4 ,! au?ority ( ,gregory ov] ,sicily 0 n m]ely spiritual4 ,he _h a temporal sup]vision1 if n a full sov]eignty1 ov] ! isl&4--,! docum5t is ep4 xxxvii4 lib4 ii4 indict4 xi4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,gregorius ,lib]t9o1 ,prfecto ,sicili4 ,de prsumptione ,nas ,judi1 qui alt>e nom9e ,b4 ,heli con/rux]at1 et de mancipiis ,*ri/ianis comp>atis4 ,ab ipso adm9i/rationis exordio1 ,deus vos 9 caus su voluit v9dicta proc$]e1 et hanc vobis m]c$em propitius cum laude s]vavit4 ,f]tur siquidem qud ,nasas quidam scel]atissimus ,judorum1 sub nom9e beati ,heli alt>e puni5d tem]itate con/rux]it1 multosque illic ,*ri/ianorum ad ador&um sacrileg s$uctione decepit4 ,s$ et ,*ri/iana1 ut dicitur1 mancipia comp>avit1 et suis ea obsequiis ac utilitatibus deputavit4 ,dum igitur sev]issim 9 eum pro tantis fac9oribus debuisset ulcisci1 gloriosus ,ju/9us m$icam5to av>iti1 ut nobis scriptum e/1 ,dei di/ulit injuriam v9dic>e4 ,gloria autem ve/ra hc omnia di/rict exam9atione p]quirat3 et si hujusmodi manife/um esse rep]]it1 ita di/rictissime ac corporalit] 9 eundem scel]atum fe/9et v9dic>e ,judum2 quat5us hc ex caus et gratiam sibi ,dei nom9e conciliet1 et 8 se po/]is pro su m]c$e imit&um mon/ret exemplis4 ,mancipia autem ,*ri/iana1 qucumque eum comp>asse patu]it1 ad lib]tatem1 juxta legum prcepta1 s9e omni ambiguitate p]ducite1 ne1 quod absit1 ,*ri/iana religio ,judais subdita polluatur4 ,ita ergo omnia di/rictissim sub omni fe/9atione corrigite1 ut non solum pro hc vobis discipl9 gratias ref]amus1 s$ et te/imonium de bonitate ve/r ubi necesse fu]it1 prbeamus4 ,,gregory to ,lib]t9us1 ,prefect ( ,sicily3 ,conc]n+ ! presumption ( ,nasas1 a ,jew1 :o _h erect$ an alt> 9 ! "n ( ! bless$ ,elias2 & conc]n+ ! procur+ ( ,*ri/ian slaves4 ,god has will$ t f ! v beg9n+ ( y\r adm9i/ration y %\ld proce$ to ! av5g+ ( 8 cause2 & he has m]cifully kept ?is rew>d = y ) praise4 ,x is inde$ said t "o ,nasas1 a v wick$ man1 ( ! ,jewi% p1 has1 ) a ra%ness des]v+ puni%m5t1 con/ruct$ an alt> "u ! "n ( ! bless$ ,elias1 & deceitfully & sacrilege\sly s$uc$ _m ,*ri/ians ?i!r = adoration4 ,x is also said t he has procur$ ,*ri/ian slaves1 & put !m to 8 s]vice & pr(it4 ,x has also be5 writt5 to u t ! mo/ glori\s ,ju/91 :5 he ought to h mo/ sev]ely puni%$ him = su* crimes1 has1 ?r\gh ! soo?+ ( 8 av>ice1 put (f ! av5g+ ( ?is injury to ,god4 ,d y1 glori\s sir1 mo/ closely exam9e into all ! premises2 & if y %all f9d ! allegations evid5tly su/a9$1 ha/5 to proce$ mo/ /rictly to h bodily ju/ice done ^u ?is wick$ ,jew1 s z to procure = y\rself ! fav\r ( ,god 9 ?is case1 & to exhibit = y\r rew>d1 to ^? :o w come aft] u1 an example = imitation4 ,b1 fur!r1 d y c>ry ?r\gh1 accord+ to ! prescriptions ( ! laws1 to _! lib]ty1 )\t any cavill+1 e & any ,*ri/ian slaves t x may be evid5t he procur$1 le/1 :i* ,god =bid1 ! ,*ri/ian religion %\ld be degrad$ by subjection to ! ,jews4 ,!re=e d all ?is correction mo/ exactly & quickly1 t y may n only h our ?anks = pres]v+ discipl9e1 b t we may1 :5 opportunity (f]s1 give y pro( ( our recognition = y\r goodness4 99 99 99 99 99 ,canon xxx4 ( ! f\r? c\ncil ( ,orleans3 ,cm prioribus canonibus jam fu]it def9itum1 ut de mancipiis ,*ri/ianis1 qu apud ,judos sunt1 si ad ecclesiam confug]9t1 et r$imi se po/ulav]9t1 etiam ad quoscumque ,*ri/ianos refug]9t1 et s]vire ,judis nolu]9t1 taxato et oblato a fidelibus ju/o pretio1 ab eorum dom9io lib]5tur2 ideo /atuimus1 ut tam ju/a con/itutio ab omnibus ,ca?olicis cons]vetur4 ,:]eas x has be5 decre$ by =m] canons1 respect+ ! ,*ri/ian slaves t are "u ! ,jews1 t if !y %\ld fly to ! *ur*1 or ev5 to any ,*ri/ians1 & dem& _! r$emption1 & be unwill+ to s]ve ! ,jews1 !y %\ld be fre$ f _! own]s ^u a fair price be+ assess$ by ! fai?ful & t5d]$ = !m3 we !re=e enact t ?is s j a regulation %all be obs]v$ by all ,ca?olics4 ,at ?is p]iod1 #eda1 9 ?is prov9ce & k+dom1 ! ,jew _h a good title to 8 ,*ri/ian slave1 & c\ld n be depriv$ ( him except by law1 or = value t5d]$4 ,! fir/ c\ncil ( ,macon 0 assembl$ at ! reque/ ( ,k+ ,guntram1 or ,g\tran1 "o ( ! sons ( ,clotaire ,i41 to :om ! division ( ,orleans 0 left ^u ! dea? ( 8 fa!r 9 #efa4 ,?is assembly 0 held 9 #eha4 ,! sixte5? canon is-- ,et licet quid de ,*ri/ianis1 qui aut captivitatis incursu1 aut quibuscumque fraudibus1 ,judorum s]vitio implicantur1 debeat obs]v>i1 non solum canonicis /atutis1 s$ et legum b5eficio pridem fu]it con/itutum3 tam5 quia nunc ita quorundam qu]ela exorta e/1 quosdam ,judos1 p] civitates aut municipia consi/5tes1 9 tantam insol5tiam et prot]viam prorupisse ut nec reclamantes ,*ri/ianos liceat vel precio de eorum s]vitute absolvi4 ,idcirco prs5ti concilio1 ,deo auctore1 sancimus1 ut nullus ,*ri/ianus ,judo de9ceps debeat s]vire2 s$ datis pro quolibet bono mancipio xii4 solidis1 ipsum mancipium quicumque ,*ri/ianus seu ad +5uitatem1 seu ad s]vitium1 lic5tiam habeat r$im5di3 quia nefas e/1 ut quos ,*ri/us ,dom9us sangu9is effusione r$emit p]secutorum v9culis maneant irretiti4 ,quod si acquiesc]e 8 qu /atuimus quicumque ,judu nolu]it1 quamdiu ad pecuniam con/itutam v5ire di/ul]it1 liceat mancipio ipsi cum ,*ri/ianis ubicumque volu]it habit>e4 ,illud etiam specialit] sanci5tes1 quod si qui ,judu ,*ri/ianum mancipium ad errorem ,judaicum convictus fu]it p]suasisse1 ut ipso mancipio c>eat1 et leg&i damnatione plectetur4 ,& al?\gh ! mode ( act+ 9 reg>d to ,*ri/ians :o h be5 entangl$ 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,jews by ! invasions = mak+ captives1 or by o!r frauds1 has be5 regulat$ h]et(ore n only by canonical enactm5ts1 b also by fav\r ( ! civil laws2 yet because n[ ! compla9t ( "s p]sons has aris51 t "s ,jews dwell+ 9 ! cities & t[ns h gr[n s insol5t & bold1 t !y w n p]mit ! ,*ri/ians dem&+ x to be fre$ ev5 ^u ! ransom ( _! s]vice2 :]e=e1 by ! au?ority ( ,god1 we enact by ?is pres5t act ( c\ncil1 t no ,*ri/ian %all h5ce=? lawfully cont9ue enslav$ to a ,jew2 b t any ,*ri/ian %all h ! p[] ( r$eem+ t slave ei!r to fre$om or to s]vitude1 ^u giv+ = ea* good slave ! sum ( twelve %ill+s 7solidum73 because x is improp] t !y :om ,*ri/ r$eem$ by ! %$d+ ( 8 blood1 %\ld cont9ue b\nd 9 ! *a9s ( p]secutors4 ,b if any ,jew %all be unwill+ to acquiesce 9 ^! enact$ provisions1 x %all be lawful = ! slave himself to dwell :]e he w1 ) ,*ri/ians1 z long z ! ,jew %all keep f tak+ ! /ipulat$ money4 ,?is also is specially enact$1 t if any ,jew %all be convict$ ( hav+ p]suad$ 8 ,*ri/ian slave to ! adoption ( ,jewi% error1 he %all be depriv$ ( ! slave & am]c$ to make a gift4 ,x 0 only at ?is p]iod t we f9d any ( ! laws ( ! ,franks introduc+ ! "r ( a ,*ri/ian to refuse s]vice to a ,jew4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 0 n ! case 9 all ! t]ritory1 = t ov] :i* ,guntram rul$ 0 b a f\r? "p ( ! empire4 ,! foll[+ is ep4 xxi4 lib4 iii4 indic4 xii4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,gregorius ,v5antio1 ,episcopo ,lun5si3 ,quod ,judi non possunt ,*ri/iana hab]e mancipia3 s$ coloni et orig9>ii p5siones illis prb]e deb5t4 ,multorum ad nos relatione p]v5it1 a ,judis 9 ,lun5si civitate deg5tibus 9 s]vitio ,*ri/iana det9]i mancipia3 qu res nobis tanto visa e/ asp]ior1 quanto ea frat]nitati tu pati5tia op]abatur4 ,oportebat quippe te respectu loci tui1 atque ,*ri/ian religionis intuitu1 nullam rel9qu]e occasionem1 ut sup]/itioni ,judaic simplices anim non1 tam suasionibus quam pote/atis jure1 quodammodo des]vir5t4 ,quamobrem hortamur frat]nitatem tuam1 ut secundum piissim>um legum tramitem1 nulli ,judo liceat ,*ri/ianum mancipium 9 suo ret9]e dom9io4 ,s$ si qui p5es eos inv5iuntur1 lib]tas eis tuitionis auxilio ex legum sanctione s]vetur4 ,hi v]o qui 9 possessionibus eorum sunt1 licet et ipsi ex legum di/9ctione s9t lib]i2 tam5 quia col5dis eorum t]ris diutius adhs]unt1 utpote conditionem loci deb5tes1 ad col5da qu consuev]ant rura p]maneant1 p5sionesque prdictis viris prbeant3 et cuncta qu de colonis vel orig9>iis jura prcipiunt1 p]agant1 extra quod nihil eis on]is amplius indicatur4 ,quodsi quisquam de 8 vel ad alium migr>e locum1 vel 9 obsequio suo ret9]e volu]it1 ipse sibi reputet1 qui jus colon>ium tem]itate su1 jus v]o juris dom9ii sui sev]itate damnavit4 ,9 8 ergo omnibus ita te volumus sol]t] imp5di1 ut nec direpti gregis pa/or reus exi/as1 nec apud nos m9or mulatio frat]nitatem tuam repreh5sibilem r$dat4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,gregory to ,v5antius1 ,bi%op ( ,luna3 ,t ,jews %\ld n h ,*ri/ian slaves1 b t coloni/s & ^? born on _! l&s %\ld pay !m p5sions4 ,we h le>n$ by ! report ( _m p]sons t ,*ri/ian slaves are kept 9 s]vitude by ! ,jews dwell+ 9 ! city ( ,luna1 :i* is ! m griev\s to u z x has be5 caus$ by ! remissness ( y our bro!r4 ,= x 0 becom+ y1 z well by reason ( ! place y hold1 z f y\r reg>d = ! ,*ri/ian religion1 n to all[ ! exi/5ce ( any occasion by :i* simple s\ls may be subject$ to ! ,jewi% sup]/ition1 n only by ! =ce ( p]suasion1 b by a sort ( "r aris+ f p[]4 ,:]e=e we exhort y1 our bro!r1 t1 accord+ to ! regulation ( ! mo/ pi\s laws1 x %\ld n be p]mitt$ to any ,jew to keep a ,*ri/ian slave "u 8 dom9ion1 & t if any su* be f\nd "u !m1 ! lib]ty ( su* %\ld be secur$ by ! process ( law & ! aid ( protection4 ,& z reg>ds ^? :o are on _! l&s1 ?\gh by /rict con/ruction ( law !y may be free1 yet1 because !y h rema9$ a long "t 9 ! cultivation ( ! soil1 z b\nd to ! condition ( ! place1 let !m rema9 to till ! l&s z !y h us$ to d1 & pay _! p5sion to ! a=esaid m52 & let !m d all t ! laws require ( coloni/s or p]sons ( orig94 ,let no additional bur!n h[ev] be laid on !m4 ,b %\ld any "o ( ^! desire to migrate to ano!r place2 or %\ld he pref] rema9+ 9 8 ob$i5ce1 let ! consequ5ces be attribut$ to him :o ra%ly violat$ ! colonial rights1 or :o injur$ himself by ! sev]ity ( 8 conduct t[>ds 8 subject4 ,x is our wi% t y be c>eful s to give y\r att5tion to all ^! lett]s z n to be ! guilty pa/or ( a plund]$ flock1 nor t y\r want ( zeal %\ld compel u to repreh5d our bro!r4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! law ( ! empire 9 =ce ?r\gh ,italy & ,sicily3 #a4 ,slaves :o 7 ,*ri/ians c\ld n be held by ^? :o 7 n ,*ri/ians4 #b4 ,x be+ unlawful = o!rs ?an ,*ri/ians to hold !m1 ^! o!rs c\ld h no prop]ty 9 !m3 ! p]sons s held 7 entitl$ to _! fre$om4 #c4 ,! *ur* 0 ! gu>dian ( _! "r to fre$om1 & ! *ur* act$ ?r\gh ! bi%op4 #d4 ,consequ5tly x 0 ! duty1 z x 0 ! "r1 ( ! bi%op to v9dicate t fre$om = ^? s unju/ly deta9$4 #e4 ,! "r & duty ( ! pope 0 to see t ea* bi%op 0 c>eful 9 8 *>ge1 & ?is "p ( 8 *>ge came z mu* z any o!r did "u ! sup]vision ( 8 sup]ior & imm$iate inspector1 & x 0 ! duty ( t sup]ior to repreh5d him = any neglect4 #f4 ,! law ( ea* c\ntry 0 to regulate ! duty ( ! ma/] & slave1 & if t law made1 z 9 ,italy & its environs1 ! *ur* ! prop] tribunal = look+ to ! p]=mance ( ^? duties1 any neglect ( ! *ur* 9 its dis*>ge w\ld be crim9al4 #g4 ,?r\gh ! great] "p ( ,italy & ,sicily1 at ?is p]iod1 ! pope 0 ! sov]eign1 & x 0 only by 8 p>am\nt influ5ce t ! half-civiliz$ ,go?ic & ,lomb>d *iefs 7 kept 9 any ord]1 & _! despotism p>tially re/ra9$4 ,!y 7 times ( an>*y1 betwe5 :i* & ! pres5t no analogy exi/s4 ,! ,jews & sep>ati/s f ! *ur* 7 v num]\s1 & on _! side1 z well z on t ( _! oppos]s1 passion frequ5tly assum$ ! g>b ( religion1 & ! un=tunate slave 0 play$ ^u by ea*4 ,! position ( ! pope 0 exce$+ly difficult1 = :ile he _h to re/ra9 ! enemies ( ! *ur* on "o side1 he _h to correct ! excesses ( its p>tisans ^u ! o!r4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xii4 ,! laws ( ! empire hav+ decl>$ x unlawful = ,jews or pagans to hold ,*ri/ian slaves1 ! *ur* took a fur!r /ep1 :i*1 9 effect1 =bade pagan slaves be+ sold to ,jews1 & :i*1 to a consid]able ext5t1 suppress$ _! introduction1 by ! difficulties ) :i* ! foll[+ ord] surr\nd$ ! traffic4 ,x is f\nd 9 lib4 v4 indic4 xiv4 epi/4 xxxi4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,gregorius1 ,=tunato ,episcopo ,neopolitano3 ,ne mancipia qu ,*ri/ianam fidem suscip]e volunt1 ,judis v5und5tur3 s$ pretium ,*ri/iano emptore p]cipiant4 ,frat]nitati ve/r ante hoc tempus scripsimus1 ut hos qui de ,judaica sup]/itione ad ,*ri/ianam fidem ,deo aspirante v5ire desid]ant1 dom9is eorum nulla esset lic5tia v5und&i3 s$ ex eo quo voluntatis su desid]ium prodidiss5t1 def5di 9 lib]tatem p] omnia debuiss5t4 ,s$ quia quantum cognovimus1 nec voluntatem no/ram1 nec legum /atuta subtili sci5tes discretione p5s>e1 9 paganis s]vis hc se non arbitrantur conditione con/r+i3 frat]nitatem ve/ram oportet de 8 esse solicitam1 et si de ,judorum s]vitio non solum ,judos1 s$ etiam quisquam paganorum fi]i volu]it ,*ri/ianus1 po/quam voluntas ejus fu]it patefacta1 nec hunc sub quolibet +5io vel argum5to cuipiam ,judorum v5und&i facultas sit3 s$ is qui ad ,*ri/ianam conv]ti fidem desid]et1 def5sione ve/r 9 lib]tatem modis omnibus v9dicetur4 ,hi v]o quos hujusmodi oportet s]vos amitt]e1 ne =sitan utilitates suas irrationabilit] /im5t imp$iri1 sollicit vos hc conv5it consid]atione s]v>e3 ut si paganos1 quos m]cimonii caus de ext]nis f9ibus em]9t1 intra tres m5ses1 dum emptor cui v5di debeant non inv5itur1 fug]e ad ecclesiam =te contig]it1 et velle se fi]i dix]9t ,*ri/ianos1 vel etiam extra ecclesiam hanc talem voluntatem prod$]9t1 pretium ibi ,*ri/iano scilicet emptore p]cipiant4 ,si autem po/ prf9itos tres m5ses quisquam hujusmodi s]vorum velle suum edix]it1 et fi]i volu]it ,*ri/ianus1 nec aliquis eum po/modum em]e1 nec dom9us qulibet occasionis specie audeat v5und>e1 s$ ad lib]tatis proculdubio prmia p]ducatur3 quia hunc non ad v5d5dum1 s$ ad s]vi5dum sibi intelligitur comp>asse4 ,hc igitur omnia frat]nitas ve/ra ita vigilantes obs]vet1 quat5us ei nec supplicatio quorumdam valeat1 nec p]sona surrip]e4 99 99 99 99 99 8,,gregory to ,=tunatus1 ,bi%op ( ,naples3 8,t slaves :o wi% to embrace ! ,*ri/ian fai? mu/ n be sold to ,jews1 b 7! own]s7 may receive a price f a ,*ri/ian pur*as]4 8,we h be=e n[ writt5 to y1 our bro!r1 t _! ma/]s %\ld n h leave to sell ^? :o1 by ! inspiration ( ,god1 desire to come f ! ,jewi% sup]/ition to ! ,*ri/ian fai?2 b t f ! mom5t !y %all h manife/$ ?is det]m9ation !y %\ld be1 by all means1 protect$ to seek _! lib]ty4 ,b1 z we h be5 l$ to "k "s p]sons1 n exactly & accurately giv+ he$ to our w1 nor to ! enactm5ts ( ! laws1 ?9k t1 z reg>ds pagan slaves1 ?is law does n apply1 x is fit t y1 our bro!r1 %\ld be c>eful on ?is head2 & if among ! slaves ( ! ,jews1 n only a ,jew1 b any ( ! pagans1 %\ld desire to become a ,*ri/ian1 to see t no ,jew %\ld h p[] to sell him "u any pretext1 or by any +5i\s device1 aft] ?is 8 int5tion %all h be5 made kn[n2 b let him :o desires to become ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? h ! aid ( y\r def5ce1 by all means1 = 8 lib]ty4 8,& respect+ ^? :o are to lose su* s]vants1 le/ !y %\ld consid] !mselves unreasonably h9d]$1 x is fit t y %\ld c>efully foll[ ?is rule3 t1 if x %\ld happ5 t pagans1 :om !y b\ght f =eign places = ! purpose ( traffic1 %\ld )9 ?ree mon?s1 n hav+ be5 pur*as$1 fly to ! *ur* & say t !y desire to be ,*ri/ians1 or ev5 make kn[n ?is int5tion )\t ! *ur*1 let ! own]s be capable ( receiv+ _! price f a ,*ri/ian pur*as]4 ,b if1 aft] ! lapse ( ?ree mon?s1 any "o ( ^? s]vants ( ?is description %\ld speak 8 w & wi% to become a ,*ri/ian1 no "o %all !reaft] d>e to pur*ase him1 nor %all 8 ma/] "u any pretext sell him2 b he %all unque/ionably be br\ght to ! rew>d ( lib]ty1 because x is suffici5tly intelligible t ?is slave 0 procur$ = ! purpose ( s]vice1 & n = t ( traffic4 ,d y1 my bro!r1 dilig5tly & closely obs]ve all ^! ?+s1 s t y be n l$ away by any supplication1 nor affect$ by p]sonal reg>d40 99 99 99 99 99 ,! gr\nds ( ! law above giv5 may be p>tially ga!r$ f ! foll[+1 :i* is a lett] to ! bi%op ( ,catania 9 ,sicily4 ,lib4 v4 ind4 xiv4 epi/4 xxxii4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,gregorius1 ,leoni ,episcopo ,catan5si3 ,de ,sam>is qui pagana mancipia em]unt et circumcid]unt4 ,res ad nos dete/abilis1 et omn9o legibus inimica p]v5it1 qu1 si v]a e/1 frat]nitatem ve/ram vehem5t] accusat1 eamque de m9ori solicitud9e probat esse culpabilem4 ,comp]imus autem quod ,sam>i deg5tes ,cat9 pagana mancipia em]9t1 atque ea circumcid]e ausu tem]>io prsumps]9t4 ,atque idcirco necesse e/1 ut omnimodo zelum 9 hc caus sac]dotalem ex]c5s1 cum omni hoc vivacitate ac solicitud9e /udeas p]scrut>i3 et si ita rep]]is1 mancipia ipsa s9e mor 9 lib]tatem modis omnibus v9dica1 et ecclesia/icam 9 eis tuitionem imp5de1 nec quidquam dom9os eorum de pretio quolibet modo recip]e pati>is3 qui non solum hoc damno mulct&i1 s$ etiam ali erant pn de legibus f]i5di4 99 99 99 99 99 8,,gregory to ,leo1 ,bi%op ( ,catania3 8,conc]n+ ,sam>itans 7or ,jews7 :o pur*as$ pagan slaves & circumcis$ !m4 8,acc\nts h be5 br\ght to u ( a transaction v dete/able & altoge!r oppos$ to ! laws1 & :i*1 if true1 %[s exce$+ly great neglect on ! "p ( y1 our bro!r1 & proves y to h be5 v culpable4 8,we h f\nd t "s ,jews dwell+ at ,catania h b\ght pagan slaves1 & ) ra% presumption d>$ to circumcise !m4 ,:]e=e x is necess>y t y %\ld ex]t all y\r prie/ly zeal 9 ?is case1 & give y\r m9d to exam9e closely into x ) en]gy & c>e2 &1 %\ld y f9d ! allegation to be true1 t y %\ld by all means1 & )\t delay1 secure ! lib]ty ( ! slaves !mselves1 & give !m ! protection ( ! *ur*2 nor %\ld y suff] _! ma/]s1 on any acc\nt1 to receive any ( ! price giv5 = !m1 = !y n only %\ld be f9$ 9 ?is am\nt1 b !y are liable also to suff] su* o!r puni%m5t z ! laws inflict40 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xiii4 ,9 ,judea1 ! cr$itor c\ld take ! *ildr5 ( ! debtor1 & keep !m z 8 slaves1 to lab\r until ! debt 0 paid2 & among ! ,g5tiles ?is "r 0 n only 9 exi/5ce1 b 9 mo/ cases ! *ild c\ld be subject$ to p]petual slav]y1 & 9 _m in/ances ! debtor himself c\ld ?us be r$uc$ to bondage4 ,improvem5t _h be5 made 9 ?is respect1 z w be se5 by ! foll[+ docum5t1 f\nd 9 lib4 iii4 indic4 xii4 epi/4 xliii4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,gregorius1 ,fant9o ,def5sori3 ,de ,cosma ,syro multis debitis obligato4 ,lator prs5tium1 ,cosmas ,syrus1 9 negotio quod agebat1 debitum se contraxisse p]hibuit1 quod1 et multis aliis et lacrymis ejus atte/antibus1 v]um esse cr$idimus4 ,et quia #aej solidos debebat1 volui ut cr$itores illius cum eo aliquid pacisc]5tur3 quoniam et lex habet1 ut homo lib] pro debito nullat5us t5eatur1 si res defu]9t1 qu possunt eidem debito addici1 cr$itores ergo suos1 ut ass]it1 ad #hj solidos cons5tire possibile e/4 ,s$ quia multum e/ ut a nil hab5te hom9e #hj solidos petant1 #fj solidos p] not>ium tuum tibi transmisimus2 ut cum eisdem cr$itoribus subtilit] loqu>is1 rationem r$das1 quia filium ejus quem t5]e dicuntur1 secundum leges t5]e non possunt4 ,et si pote/ fi]i1 ad aliquod m9us quam nos d$imus1 condesc5dant4 ,et quidquid de eisdem #fj solidis remans]it1 ipsi trade1 ut cum filio suo ex9de viv]e valeat4 ,si autem nil remanet1 ad eamdem summam debitum ejus incid]e /ude1 ut possit sibi lib]e po/modum labor>e4 ,hoc tam5 sol]t] age1 ut acceptis solidis ei pl5>iam munitionem scripto faciant4 99 99 99 99 99 8,,gregory1 to ! ,proctor ,fant9us3 ,( ,cosmas1 ! ,syrian1 deeply 9 debt4 8,! be>] h]e(1 ,cosmas ! ,syrian1 has in=m$ u t he contract$ _m debts 9 ! bus9ess 9 :i* he 0 engag$4 ,we believe x to be true2 he has te/ifi$ x ) _m te>s & witnesses4 ,&1 z he owes #aej %ill+s1 ,i wi% 8 cr$itors w\ld make "s composition ) him4 ,& z ! law regulates t no freeman %all be held = a debt1 if !re be no goods :i* c be atta*$ = t debt1 he says t 8 cr$itors may be induc$ to accept #hj %ill+s2 b x is extravagant on _! "p to ask #hj %ill+s f a man :o has no?+4 ,we h s5t y #fj %ill+s by y\r not>y1 t y may h a discrete conf]5ce ) 8 cr$itors1 & expla9 matt]s to !m1 because !y _c legally hold 8 son1 :om !y are said to keep4 ,& if !y w come d[n to any ?+ less1 by y\r ef=ts1 ?an ! sum t we s5d1 %\ld any ?+ rema9 ( ! #fj %ill+s1 give x to him to help to support himself & 8 son2 %\ld no?+ be left1 ex]t y\rself to h 8 debt cancell$ by t am\nt s5t1 s t h5ce=? he may be free to ex]t himself = 8 own b5efit4 ,b be c>eful1 9 do+ ?is1 to get = him a full receipt & dis*>ge 9 writ+ = ?is money t !y get40 ,! law to :i* ! pope ref]s1 & by :i* ! p]sons ( ! un=tunate debtor & 8 family 7 protect$1 is f\nd 9 ,novell4 #acd1 c4 vii41 & 0 enact$ by ,ju/9ian ,i4 9 #eda4 ,ne quis cr$itor filium debitoris pro debito ret9]e prsumat4 ,quia v] et hujuscemodi iniquitatem 9 div]sis locis no/r reipublic cognovimus admitti1 quia1 cr$itores filios debitorum prsumunt ret9]e aut 9 pignus1 aut 9 s]vile m9i/]ium1 aut 9 conductionem3 hoc modis omnibus prohibemus3 et jubemus ut si quis hujusmodi aliquid deliqu]it1 non solum debito cadat1 s$ tantam aliam quantitatem adjiciat d&am ei qui ret5tus e/ ab eo1 aut p>5tibus ejus1 et po/ hoc etiam corporalibus pnis ipsum subdi a loci judice2 quia p]sonam lib]am pro debito prsumps]it ret9]e aut loc>e aut pignor>e4 8,t no cr$itor %\ld presume to reta9 = debt ! son ( ! debtor4 8,& because we h kn[n t ?is sort ( inju/ice has be5 all[$ 9 sev]al places ( our commonweal?1--t cr$itors presume to keep ! *ildr5 ( _! debtors1 ei!r 9 pl$ge or 9 slavi% employm5t1 or to hire !m out4 ,we by all means =bid all ?is3 & we ord] t1 if any p]son %all be guilty ( any ( ^! ?+s1 n only %all he lose ! debt1 b he %all 9 addition give an equal sum1 to be paid to ! p]son t 0 held by him1 or to ! p>5ts ( su* p]son2 &1 beyond ?is1 he %all be subject$ to corporal puni%m5t by ! local judge1 because he presum$ to re/ra9 or to hire out1 or keep 9 pl$ge1 a free p]son40 ,! foll[+ docum5t w exhibit 9 "s degree ! orig9 ( ! pr9ciple ( es*eats to be f\nd 9 slav]y4 ,! slave be+ fre$ ^u c]ta9 conditions1 if !y 7 n fulfill$ ! ma/] ( c\rse re-ent]$ ^u 8 rights4 ,! manumitt$ slave 0 sometimes all[$1 n only fre$om1 b a c]ta9 gift1 & (t5 ) ! condition t1 if he _h n lawful issue1 ! gift1 & its increase by 8 indu/ry1 %\ld rev]t to ! ma/] or 8 heir4 ,s1 9 aft] times1 ! "l ( ! soil1 or ! mon>*1 gave portions ( l& to 8 vassals ^u condition ( s]vice1 &1 ^u failure ( s]vice or ( heirs1 8 l& es*eat$1 or w5t back to ! "l ( ! soil4 ,! docum5t is f\nd 9 lib4 v4 indic4 xiv4 epi/4 xii4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,gregorius1 ,montan et ,?om3 ,lib]tatem dat1 et eos cives ,romanos efficit4 ,cum ,r$emptor no/] totius conditor creatur ad hoc propitiatus humanam volu]it c>nem assum]e1 ut div9itatis su gratia1 dirupto quo t5ebamur captivi v9culo s]vitutis1 pri/9 nos re/itu]et lib]tati3 salubrit] agitur1 si hom9es quos ab initio natura lib]os protulit1 et jus g5tium jugo sub/ituit s]vitutis1 9 e natur 9 qu nati fu]ant1 manumitt5tis b5eficio1 lib]tati r$dantur4 ,atque ideo pietatis intuitu1 et hujus rei consid]atione p]moti1 vos ,montanam atque ,?omam famulos sanct ,roman ecclesi1 cui1 ,deo adjutore1 des]vimus1 lib]os ex hac die1 civesque ,romanos efficimus1 omneque ve/rum vobis relaxamus s]vitutis peculium4 ,et quia tu1 ,montana1 animum te ad conv]sionem fat]is appulisse mona*icam3 idcirco duas uncias1 quas tibi quondam ,gaudiosus presbyt] p] suprem su voluntatis arbitrium in/itutionis modo noscitur reliquisse1 hac die tibi donamus1 atque conc$imus omnia scilicet mona/]io ,sancti ,laur5tii cui ,con/ant9a abbatissa pre/1 9 quo conv]ti ,deo mis]ante fe/9as1 modis omnibus pr(utura4 ,si quid v]o de rebus suprascripti ,gaudiosi te aliquomodo celasse con/itu]it1 id totum ecclesi no/r juri s9e dubio mancipetur4 ,tibi autem1 suprascripto ,?om1 quem pro lib]tatis tu cumulo etiam int] not>ios volumus milit>e1 qu9que uncias1 quas prfatus ,gaudiosus presbyt] p] ultimam voluntatem h]$it>io tibi nom9e d]eliquit1 simul et sponsalia qu matri tu conscrips]at1 similit] hac die p] hujus manumissionis pag9am donamus1 atque conc$imus1 e sane lege1 atque conditione subnex1 ut si s9e filiis legitimis1 hoc e/1 de legitimo susceptis conjugio1 te obire contig]it1 omnia qu tibi concessimus1 ad jus sanct ,roman ecclesi s9e dim9utione aliqu rev]tantur4 ,si autem filios de conjugio1 sicut diximus1 cognitos lege suscep]is1 eosque sup]/ites reliqu]is1 e>umdem to r]um dom9um s9e quadam /atuimus conditione p]si/]e1 et te/am5tum de 8 faci5di lib]am tibi tribuimus pote/atem4 ,hc igitur1 qu p] hujus manumissionis *>tulam /atuimus1 atque concessimus1 nos successoresque no/ros1 s9e aliqu scitote refragatione s]v>e4 ,nam ju/iti ac rationis ordo suadet1 ut qui sua a successoribus desid]at m&ata s]v>i1 decessoris sui proculdubio voluntatem et /atuta cu/odiat4 ,hanc autem manumissionis pag9am ,pat]io not>io scrib5dam dictavimus1 et propri manu un cum tribus presbyt]is prioribus et tribus diaconis pro pl5issim firmitate subscripsimus1 vobisque tradidimus4 ,actum 9 urbe ,rom4 99 99 99 99 99 8,,gregory to ,montana & ,?omas3 8,he emancipates !m1 & makes !m ,roman citiz5s4 8,s9ce our ,r$eem]1 ! ,mak] ( e creature1 m]cifully v\*saf$ to take human fle%1 t1 break+ ! *a9 by :i* we 7 held captive1 he may1 by ! grace ( 8 div9ity1 re/ore u to our fir/ lib]ty1 x is !n salut>y t !y :om he at fir/ made free by nature1 & :om ! law ( nations subject$ to ! yoke ( slav]y1 %\ld 9 ! nature 9 :i* !y 7 born be re/or$ to lib]ty by t k9dness ( _! emancipator4 ,& !re=e1 mov$ by ?is consid]ation1 & 9 respect to piety1 we make y1 ,montana & ,?omas1 slaves ( ! holy ,roman *ur*1 9 ^: s]vice we are by ,god's help engag$1 f ?is day =w>d free & ,roman citiz5s4 ,& we release to y all y\r all[ance ( slav]y4 8,& because y1 ,montana1 h decl>$ t x 0 y\r wi% to ent] into ! mona/ic /ate1 we give & grant to y ?is day two ounces1 :i* x is well kn[n 7 =m]ly left z a legacy to y = inh]itance by ! prie/ ,gaudiosus1 to be by all means available to ! mona/]y ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 ov] :i* ,con/ant9a is sup]ioress1 & into :i* y desire anxi\sly by ,god's m]cy to be admitt$4 ,b %\ld x appe> t y h conceal$ any ( ! effects ( ! said ,gaudiosus1 ! entire !re( d\btless is by "r = ! s]vice ( our *ur*4 8,b to y1 ! said ,?omas1 :om1 9 addition to ! be/[al ( fre$om1 we desire to be enroll$ 9 s]vice among our not>ies1 we likewise ?is day give & grant1 by ?is *>t] ( manumission1 five ounces :i* ! same ,gaudiosus ! prie/ left to y by "n 9 8 la/ w1 & ! portion :i* he assign$ = y\r "m1 b ^u ?is gr\nd & condition well atta*$1 t1 %\ld y die )\t issue by lawful m>riage1 all ^? goods :i* we h grant$ to y %all come back1 )\t any dim9ution1 "u ! dom9ion ( ! holy ,roman *ur*2 b %\ld y leave beh9d y *ildr5 lawfully recognis$ f y\r m>riage1 we give to y full p[] to hold ! same effects z _! own]1 & )\t any condition1 & to make free disposition ( ! same by w4 8,"k y1 !re=e1 t :at we h ?us1 by ?is *>t] ( manumission1 enact$ & grant$ to y1 b9d1 )\t any ga9say1 ourselves & our successors = its obs]vance4 ,= ! ord] ( ju/ice & ( reason requires t he :o desires 8 own comm&s to be obs]v$ by 8 successors1 %\ld also d\btless obs]ve ! w & ! /atutes ( 8 pr$ecessor4 8,we h dictat$ ?is writ+ ( manumission to be copi$ by our not>y ,pat]ius1 & h = its mo/ p]fect /ability subscrib$ x ) our h&1 & ) ^? ( ?ree ( ! m dignifi$ prie/s & ?ree deacons1 & deliv]$ !m to y4 8,done 9 ! city ( ,rome1 c40 99 99 99 99 99 ,"o ( ! subjects :i* at all times caus$ slav]y to be surr\nd$ ) great difficulties 0 ! result ( m>riage4 ,! liability to sep>ation ( ^? m>ri$ 0 a m gall+ affliction 9 ! ,*ri/ian law1 :]e ! ,savi\r made m>riage indissoluble1 & x (t5 happ5$ t an av>ici\s or caprici\s own] c>$ z little = ! m>riage bond z he did = ! natural tie ( affection4 ,h5ce1 z ,*ri/ianity became ! religion ( ! /ate1 or ( ! great body ( ! p1 x 0 imp]atively dem&$ t "s re/ra9t %\ld be plac$ ^u t absolute p[] :i* ! own]s sometimes abus$1 ( wantonly mak+ ^! sep>ations4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! association ( ! sexes made m>riage desirable3 x 0 orda9$ by ,god to be ! g5]al /ate ( ! bulk ( mank9d1 & ev5 ! self-int]e/ or ! av>ice ( ! ma/] calculat$ ^u its results4 ,!n aga9 ! slave dread$ sep>ation1 n only because ( ! viol5ce committ$ on ! mo/ sacr$ affections1 b also because1 ?\gh ! husb& & wife %\ld be sep>at$ by impassable b>ri]s1 yet ! bond ( _! union subsi/$1 & c\ld be sev]$ by dea? alone4 ,?is 0 a /rong temptation to bo? ma/] & slave to pref] concub9age to w$lock4 ,ano!r difficulty arose1 9 cases ( ! coloni/1 by reason ( ! claims ( ! sev]al own]s :]e coloni/s ( di/9ct e/ates & diff]5t own]s int]m>ri$4 ,9 ! case ( p]fect slaves1 ! *ild g5]ally foll[$ ! "m1 bo? z reg>d$ condition & prop]ty4 ,?is 0 n1 h[ev]1 univ]sally ! case4 ,b ! own]s ( coloniz$ l&s set up diff]5t claims4 ,at l5g? ! dispute 0 settl$ 9 ! ,roman ,empire by a law ( ,ju/9ian1 9 #eci1 ,novell4 clxii4 cap4 iii41 & confirm$ by a decision 9 a case br\ght up by ! *ur*-w>d5s ( ,apamea1 9 ,phrygia1 9 #eda1 on ! kal5ds ( ,m>*1 by divid+ equally ! prog5y betwe5 ! e/ates to :i* ! p>5ts belong$1 giv+ ! pref]5ce1 9 all cases ( unev5 numb]1 to t e/ate to :i* ! "m 0 atta*$4 ,nov4 clvii4 tit4 xxxix4 ,! foll[+ law conc]n+ m>riages & ! sep>ation ( m>ri$ p]sons f ea* o!r1 & ( *ildr5 f _! p>5ts1 is ( ! same date4 ,,novell4 ,,clvii4 ,de ,ru/icis qui 9 ali5is prdiis nuptias contrahunt4 ,tit4 xl4 ,imp4 ,ju/94 ,augu/4 ,laz>o ,comiti ,ori5tis4 ,prfatio4 ,ex 8 qu div]so modo ad nos relata sunt1 didicimus 9 ,mesopotami et ,osdro5 prov9ciis quidquam del9qui1 no/ris plane temporibus indignum3 consuetud9em etiam apud ipsos esse1 ut qui ex div]sis orig9em trahant prdiis1 nuptias int] se contrahant4 ,inde sane con>i dom9os1 de facto jam contractas nuptias dissolv]e1 aut procreatos filios a p>5tibus ab/rah]e1 ex9deque totum ilium locum mis]e affligi1 dum et ru/icani viri et muli]es ex un p>te di/rahantur1 et proles 8 adimitur1 qui 9 lucem produx]unt1 et sol no/r opus esse provid5ti4 ,cap4 ,i4 ,sancimus igitur1 ut prdiorum dom9i de ct]o ru/icos suos1 pr\t volu]9t1 cons]v5t3 neque quisquam eos qui jam conjuncti sunt possit secundum consuetud9em prius obt95tem divell]e1 aut compell]e ut t]ram ad ipsos p]t95tem colant1 ab/rah]eve a p>5tibus filios prtextu conditionis colon>i4 ,s$ et si quid hujusmodi =te jam factum e/1 corrigi hoc simul1 et re/itui efficies1 sive filios ab/rahi contig]it1 sive etiam muli]es1 nempe vel a p>5tibus1 vel contub]nii consortibus3 eo1 qui reliquo de9ceps tempore hujusmodi aliquid fac]e prsumps]it1 etiam de ipso prdio 9 p]iculum voc&o4 ,qu>e lib]a sunto contub]nia metu1 qui dudum ipsis immittitur1 et p>5tes hab5to ex hac jussione filios suos3 nequeuntibus prdiorum dom9is subtilibus cont5d]e rationibus1 et vel nuptias contrah5tes vel filios ab/rah]e4 ,qui enim tale quid fac]e prsumps]it1 etiam de ipso prdio 9 p]iculum v5iet1 cui eos v9dic>e ru/icos att5tat4 ,epilogus4 ,qu igitur nobis placu]unt1 et p] sacram hanc pragmaticam decl>antur =nam1 eam provid5tiam habeto magnific5tia tua1 tibique obtemp]ans cohors1 et qui pro tempore eundem magi/ratum g]et2 ut ad effectum d$ucantur cons]v5turque1 trium libr>um auri pna imm95ti ei1 qui ullo unquam tempore hc transgr$i att5tav]it4 ,dat4 ,kal4 ,maii1 ,con/ant9op4 ,d4,n4 ,ju/94 ,,pp4 ,aug4 ,bisil4 ,v4,c4 ,cons4 99 99 99 99 99 8,( c\ntry p]sons :o contract m>riage on div]s e/ates4 ,! ,emp]or ,,ju/9ian ,,augu/us1 to ,laz>us ! ,c\nt ( ! ,ea/4 8,preamble4 ,we h le>n$ by relation 9 v>i\s ways1 t a del9qu5cy q unwor?y ( our times is all[$ 9 ! prov9ces ( ,mesopotamia & ( ,osdro5e4 ,!y h a cu/om ( hav+ m>riage contract$ betwe5 ^? born on diff]5t e/ates3 :5ce ! ma/]s endeav\r to dissolve m>riages actually contract$1 or to take away f ! p>5ts ! *ildr5 :o are _! issue2 ^u :i* acc\nt t entire place is mis]ably afflict$1 :ile c\ntry p1 husb&s & wives1 are drawn away f ea* o!r1 & ! *ildr5 :om !y br\ght into light are tak5 away f !m2 & t !re ne$s = ! regulation only our provision4 8,*apt] ,i4 ,:]e=e1 we enact1 t o!rwise ! ma/]s ( ! a=esaid keep _! coloni/s z !y w2 b1 x %all n be all[$1 by virtue ( any cu/om h]et(ore introduc$ & 9 exi/5ce1 to put away f ea* o!r ^? :o 7 m>ri$1 or to =ce !m to cultivate ! l& belong+ to !mselves1 or to take away *ildr5 f _! p>5ts1 "u ! col\r ( colonial condition4 ,& y w be c>eful t if any ?+ ( ?is sort has haply be5 already done1 ! same be correct$ & re/itution made1 :e!r x be t *ildr5 7 tak5 away f _! p>5ts or wom5 f _! consorts ( m>riage4 ,& = any :o %all 9 future presume to act 9 ?is way1 x %all be at ! haz>d ( los+ ! e/ate itself4 8,:]e=e1 let m>riages ( s]vants be exempt f t fe> :i* has hi!rto hung ov] !m3 & f ! issue ( ?is ord]1 let ! p>5ts h _! *ildr54 ,x %all n be compet5t = ! lords ( ! e/ates to /rive by any subtle argum5ts ei!r to take away ^? :o contract m>riage1 or _! *ildr54 ,= he :o %all presume to d any su* ?+ %all incur ! risk ( los+ t e/ate = :i* he attempts to claim ^? coloni/s4 8,epilogue4 ,t !re=e :i* has be5 good 9 our view1 & is decl>$ by ?is sacr$ pragmatic =m1 let y\r magnific5ce provide to h c>ri$ into execution1 & ! cohort :i* obeys y1 z also he :o = ! "t be+ %all hold ! same magi/]ial (fice4 ,to ! end1 !n1 t ?is edict may produce its effect & cont9ue 9 =ce1 let him :o may at any "t violate its enactm5ts be liable to a p5alty ( ?ree p\nds ( gold4 8,giv5 at ,con/ant9ople1 on ! kal5ds ( ,may1 our mo/ pi\s "l ,ju/9ian be+ ,augu/us1 & ! mo/ r5[n$ ,basil be+ consul40 ,to rectify ?is1 x became a pr9ciple1 :]e an e/ate 0 l>ge & ! coloni/s num]\s1 to conf9e ! *oice ( ! s]vants )9 ! b\nds ( ! prop]ty2 & ?us m>riage _h its full sanctity1 & families rema9$ )\t sep>ation4 ,we h an in/ance ( ! ex]cise ( ?is "r1 by ,pope ,/4 ,gregory1 9 a docum5t f\nd 9 lib4 x4 indic4 v4 epi/4 #bh4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,gregorius1 ,romano ,def5sori4 ,de filiis ,petri def5soris extra massam 9 qua nati sunt non jung5dis4 ,petrus quem def5sorem fecimus1 quia de massa juris ecclesi no/r1 qu ,vitelas dicitur1 oriundus sit1 exp]i5ti tu b5e e/ cognitum4 ,et ideo quia circa eum b5igni debemus exi/]e1 ut tam5 ecclesi utilitas non ldatur3 hac tibi preptione m&amus1 ut eum di/ricte debeas admon]e1 ne filios suos quolibet +5io vel excusatione =is alicubi 9 conjugio soci>e prsumat1 s$ 9 e mass1 cui lege et conditione ligati sunt1 soci5tur4 ,9 qu re etiam et tuam omn9o necesse e/ exp]i5tiam esse sollicitam1 atque eos t]r]e1 ut qualibet occasione de possessione cui oriundo subjecti sunt exire non debeant4 ,nam si quis eorum ex9de1 quod non cr$imus1 exire prsumps]it2 c]tum illi e/ quia no/] cons5sus nunquam illi ad]it1 ut =is de mass 9 qu nati sunt1 aut habit>e aut debeant soci>i1 s$ et sup]scribi t]ram eorum4 ,atque tunc sciatis vos non leve p]iculum su/9]e1 si vobis neglig5tibus quisquam ipsorum quidquam de iis qu prohibemus fac]e qualibet sorte t5tav]it4 99 99 99 99 99 8,,gregory to ! ,proctor ,romanus4 8,( n m>ry+ ! *ildr5 ( ,pet] ! ,proctor1 )\t ! limits ( ! e/ate ^u :i* !y 7 born4 8,y1 exp]i5c$ sir1 are well aw>e t ,pet]1 :om we made a proctor1 is a native ( ! e/ate ( our *ur* t]ritory :i* is call$ ,vitelas4 ,& z our desire is to act t[>ds him ) su* fav\r z is compatible ) avoid+ any injury to ! *ur*1 we comm& y by ?is precept1 t y %\ld /rictly w>n him n to presume1 "u any pretext or excuse1 to h 8 *ildr5 jo9$ 9 w$lock any:]e b on t e/ate to :i* !y may be b\nd by law or by condition4 ,9 :i* matt] x is q necess>y t y1 exp]i5c$ sir1 be v c>eful1 & in/il into !m a fe> to prev5t any ( !m f go+ on any acc\nt beyond ! e/ate to :i* !y are subject by orig94 ,= if any "o ( !m %all presume1 z we believe he w n1 to g !nce1 let him be assur$ t he %all nev] h our cons5t ei!r to dwell or to associate himself )\t ! e/ate on :i* he 0 born1 b t ! l& ( any su* p]son %all be m heavily *>g$ 7sup]scribi74 ,& "k y1 t if1 by y\r neglig5ce1 any ( !m %all attempt to d any ( ^? ?+s :i* we prohibit1 y w incur no small dang]40 99 99 99 99 99 ,_m ( ! re/rictions on m>riage t are f\nd 9 subsequ5t ages1 "u ! feudal sy/em1 _h _! orig9 9 ?is pr9ciple1 because inde$ ! vassal1 9 feudal times1 0 b a slave "u a m loose dom9ion 9 a mitigat$ =m4 ,! foll[+ docum5t %[s t1 9 ! we/1 ! sep>ation ( m>ri$ p]sons 0 v uncommon1 7quam sit inauditum atque crudele1 unhe>d ( & cruel47 ,x is f\nd 9 lib4 iii4 indic4 iii4 ep4 xii4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,gregorius1 ,maximiano ,episcopo ,syracusano4 ,de uxore cujusdam ablat et alt]i v5umdat4 ,tanta nobis sub9de mala1 qu aguntur 9 i/ prov9ci1 nunciantur1 ut peccatis faci5tibus1 quod av]tat omnipot5s ,deus1 cel]it] eam p]ituram cr$amus4 ,prs5tium namque portitor v5i5s lacrymabilit] qu/us e/1 ante plurimos annos ab hom9e nescio quo de possessione ,messan5sis ecclesi de fontibus se susceptum1 et viol5t] div]sis suasionibus puell ipsius junctum1 ex qu juv5culos filios jam hab]e se ass]uit1 et quam nunc viol5t] huic disjunctam ab/ulisse dicitur1 atque cuidam alii v5umd$isse4 ,quod si v]um e/1 quam sit inauditum atque crudele malum1 tua bone dilectio p]spicit4 ,ideoque admonemus1 ut hoc tantum nefas sub ea vivacite1 quam te 9 causis piis hab]e c]tissime scimus1 requiras atque discutias4 ,et si ita1 ut supradictus portitor ins9uavit1 esse cognov]is1 non solum quod male factum e/1 ad /atum pri/9um revoc>e curabis2 s$ et v9dictam1 qu ,deum possit plac>e1 exhib]e modis omnibus fe/9abis4 ,episcopum v]o1 qui hom9es suos talia ag5tes corrig]e negligit atque em5d>e1 vehem5t] aggr$]e1 propon5s1 quia si d5uo talis ad nos de quoquam qui ad eum p]t9et qurela p]v5]it1 non 9 eum qui excess]it1 s$ 9 ipsum canonice v9dicta proc$et4 99 99 99 99 99 8,,gregory to ,maximian1 ,bi%op ( ,syracuse4 8,conc]n+ ! wife ( "s "o t 0 tak5 away & sold to ano!r4 8,we are told ( s _m bad ?+s done 9 t prov9ce1 t we are l$ to believe1 :i* may ,god =bid1 ! place mu/ soon be de/roy$4 8,n[1 ! be>] ( ^! pres5ts compla9$ to u 9 a pitiable mann]1 t _m ye>s ago1 "s man :om ,i "k n1 belong+ to ! *ur* ( ,mess9a /ood z 8 sponsor at baptism1 & prevail$ ^u him by extreme urg5cy to m>ry 8 s]vant1 by :om1 he says1 he has n[ "y *ildr51 & :om n[ ?is man has viol5tly tak5 away & sold to ano!r4 ,if ?is be true1 y1 our belov$1 w see pla9ly h[ unhe>d ( & h[ cruel is ! evil4 ,we !re=e admoni% y to look into & to sift s great a crime1 ) t e>ne/ness :i* we assur$ly "k y h 9 matt]s ( piety3 & %\ld y come to "k t ! fact is z ! a=esaid be>] has /at$1 y w be c>eful n only to br+ back to its =m] /ate t :i* 0 badly done1 b y w quickly1 by all means1 h t puni%m5t inflict$ :i* may appease ,god4 ,give a sev]e lecture to ! bi%op t neglect$ to correct or to am5d 8 p :o d su* ?+s2 sett+ be=e him t if a l compla9t comes to u aga9 ( any "o :o belongs to him1 canonical process = puni%m5t %all issue1 n aga9/ ! "o t %all h done wrong1 b aga9/ himself40 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xiv4 ,! =m ( a de$ ( gift f\nd 9 lib4 ii4 indic4 xi4 epi/4 #ah3 ,,gregorius1 ,!odoro ,consili>io4 ,acosimum pu]um dat p] epi/olam4 ,ecclesia/icis utilitatibus desudantes ecclesia/ic dignum e/ remun]atione gaud]e1 ut qui se volunt>iis obsequiorum necessitatibus spont subjiciunt1 dign no/ris provisionibus consol5tur4 ,quia igitur te ,!odorum1 virum eloqu5tissimum1 consili>ium no/rum1 mancipiorum cognovimus m9i/]io de/itutum1 ideo pu]um nom9e ,acosimum1 natione ,siculum1 juri dom9ioque tuo d>i tradique prcipimus4 ,quem quoniam traditum ex no/r voluntate jam possides1 hujus te necesse fuit scripti pro futuri temporis te/imonio ac robore l>gitatis auctoritate fulciri3 quat5us1 ,dom9o proteg5te1 secur eum semp] et s9e ullius retractionis suspicione1 quippe ut dom9us1 valeas possid]e4 ,neque enim quemquam =e cr$imus1 qui tam p>vam l>gitatem pro tu tibi devotione concessam desid]et1 vel t5tet ullo modo revoc>e3 cm uno eodemque tempore1 et v]ecundum sit a decessoribus b5 ge/a resolv]e1 et v]ecundum sit doc]e cet]os 9 su qu&oque resolutoriam pr(]re l>gitate s5t5tiam4 99 99 99 99 99 8,,gregory1 to ,!odore ! ,c\nsellor4 8,he1 by lett]1 gives him ! boy ,acosimus4 8,x is fit t !y :o lab\r = ! b5efit ( ! *ur* %\ld enjoy a rew>d f ! *ur*1 t !y :o volunt>ily & ( _! own accord h und]tak5 bur!nsome duties %\ld be wor?ily assi/$ by our provision4 ,because1 !re=e1 we h kn[n t y1 ,!odore1 our c\nsellor1 a mo/ eloqu5t man1 7 n well provid$ ) ! s]vice ( slaves1 we h ord]$ t a boy1 by "n ,acosimus1 ( ! ,sicilian nation1 %\ld be giv5 up & deliv]$ to y\r "r & dom9ion4 ,& z y already h him 9 y\r possession by deliv]y1 ^u our w1 x 0 necess>y to =tify y ) ! au?ority ( ?is writ+ z a te/imony to ! future & = protection ( ! gift3 s t by ,god's protection y may h p[] to possess him z 8 "l & ma/]1 always securely = ev] & )\t any "q be+ rais$ ( 8 be+ 9 any way tak5 back4 ,nor inde$ d we believe t !re is any "o :o w\ld desire or w\ld attempt 9 any way to revoke s small a b\nty giv5 to y = y\r devotion1 s9ce x w\ld be %ameful to undo ! good de$s ( our pr$ecessors1 z x w\ld to tea* o!rs t ea* c\ld f "t to "t make ! revocation ( 8 own gift40 99 99 99 99 99 ,! next docum5t is f\nd 9 lib4 x4 indic4 v4 epi/4 #dj3 99 99 99 99 99 ,,gregorius1 ,bonito ,def5sori4 ,de mancipio ,=tunati ,abbatis4 ,filius no/] ,=tunatus abbas mona/]ii sancti ,sev]9i1 quod 9 hc urbe ,roman situm e/1 latores prs5tium1 mona*os suos1 illic pro recollig5dis mancipiis juris sui mona/]ii qu illic latit>e dicuntur dirig5s1 petiit ut exp]i5ti tu ei debeant adesse solatia4 ,e propt] prs5ti tibi auctoritate prcipimus1 ut eis 9 omnibus salv ratione concurr]e ac opitul>i fe/9es3 quat5us te illic corm posito1 atque 9 hc caus f]5te solatia1 salubrit] hc citis valeant qu sibi injuncta sunt ad effectum1 ,deo auctore1 p]duc]e4 99 99 99 99 99 8,,gregory1 to ! ,proctor ,bonitus4 8,conc]n+ ! slave ( ! ,abbot ,=tunatus4 8,our son ,=tunatus1 ! abbot ( ! mona/]y ( ,/4 ,sev]9us :i* is 9 ! city ( ,rome1 direct+ 8 monks1 ! be>]s ( ^! pres5ts to y\r neighb\rhood1 to ga!r slaves belong+ to ! rights ( 8 mona/]y1 :o are said to be !re 9 concealm5t1 begg$ t he %\ld h y\r aid = t object4 ,:]e=e1 we comm& y1 by ?is pres5t ord]1 t y w\ld be al]t 9 giv+ !m all reasonable concurr5ce & aid2 s t y be+ pres5t !re & com=t+ !m 9 ?is bus9ess1 !y may1 ) ,god's aid1 be able 9 a :olesome mann] ! soon] to p]=m ! duty :i* has be5 laid ^u !m40 99 99 99 99 99 ,! pope did n consid] x unbecom+ 9 ! mona/]y ( ,/4 ,sev]9us to hold slaves1 nor irreligi\s = ! abbot to s5d monks to br+ back runaways1 nor crim9al = ! monks to g look+ = !m1 nor (f5sive to ,god1 on 8 own "p1 to give lett]s to 8 (fic] & ov]se]s to aid by all reasonable means to discov] & to capture !m4 ,! foll[+ docum5t ent]s into details = ! recov]y ( a runaway slave4 ,x is f\nd 9 lib4 vii4 ind4 ii4 epi/4 #ajg4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,gregorius ,s]gio ,def5sori4 ,de ,petro pu]o fug lapso4 ,filius no/] vir magnificus ,occilianus1 tribunus ,hydrunt9 civitatis1 ad nos v5i5s1 pu]um unum1 ,petrum nom9e1 artis pi/ori1 ex jure g]mani no/ri1 ad eum noscitur p]duxisse4 ,quem nunc fug lapsum ad p>tes illas rev]ti cognovimus4 ,exp]i5tia ergo tua1 antequam ad ,hydrunt9am civitatem valeat is ipse cont+]e1 sub qu valu]is cel]itate1 vel ad episcopum ,hydrunt9 civitatis1 vel ad prdictum tribunum1 si vel alium quem 9 loco tuo te hab]e cognoscis1 scripta dirigas1 ut uxorem vel filios prdicti mancipii sub omni hab]e debeant cautel atque de ipso sollicitud9em g]]e1 ut prev5i5s valeat det9]i1 et mox1 cum rebus suis omnibus qu ad eum p]t95t navi impositis1 p] fidelem p]sonam huc modis omnibus de/9>i4 ,exp]i5tia itaque tua cum omni hoc /udeat efficaci sol]tique p]fic]e1 ne de neglectu vel mor no/ros quod non optamus animos (f5das4 99 99 99 99 99 8,,gregory1 to ! ,proctor ,s]gius4 8,conc]n+ ,pet]1 a s]vant :o fl$ away4 8,our son ,occilianus1 a highly respectable man1 a tribune ( ! city ( ,otranto1 br\ght ) him to our c\s91 z is kn[n1 :5 he 0 com+ to u1 a boy nam$ ,pet]1 a bak]1 :o belong$ to t c\s94 ,we h n[ le>n$ t he has run away1 & return$ to y\r c\ntry4 ,let !n x be y\r c>e1 exp]i5c$ sir1 be=e he %all be able to get back to ,otranto1 to direct1 z quickly z y c1 a writ+ to ! bi%op ( ,otranto1 or to ! =esaid tribune himself1 or to any "o else :om y "k1 t y c depute1 to h a good c>e ( ! wife or *ildr5 ( ! said slave1 & to be v c>eful respect+ himself1 t z soon z he %all arrive he may be deta9$1 & s5t ) e ?+ t p]ta9s to him1 by all means hi!r1 emb>k+ !m on bo>d a %ip "u c>e ( "s fai?ful p]son4 8,y1 exp]i5c$ sir1 w !re=e ex]t y\rself to d ?is ) all att5tion & effect1 s z n to displease u by a delay or neglect1 :i* we %\ld n desire40 99 99 99 99 99 ,! foll[+ is tak5 f lib4 viii4 indic4 iii4 epi/4 #d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,gregorius1 ,fant9o ,def5sori4 ,de mancipiis ,romani spectabilis viri4 ,mancipia juris ,romani spectabilis memori viri1 qui 9 domo su gu ,neapoli sita e/ mona/]ium ord9>i con/ituit1 habit>e 9 ,sicili p]hib5tur4 ,et quia mona/]ium ipsum juxta voluntatem ejus1 ,deo auctore1 noscitur ord9atum1 exp]i5tia tua prs5tium portitoribus1 qui ad recollig5da mancipia ipsa illuc directi sunt1 omni /udio solati>i fe/9et1 et recollectis eis1 possessiones illi ubi labor>e debeant1 te solatiante1 conducant4 ,et quidquid eorum labore access]it1 res]vato unde ipsi poss9t subsi/]e1 reliqua ad prdictum mona/]ium1 exp]i5ti tu cur1 annis s+ulis1 auxiliante ,dom9o1 transmittantur4 99 99 99 99 99 8,,gregory1 to ! ,proctor ,fant9us4 8,conc]n+ ! slaves ( ! hon\rable man ,romanus4 8,! slaves ( ! man ( hon\rable memory1 ,romanus1 :o direct$ t 8 h\se 9 ,naples %\ld be =m$ into a mona/]y1 are said to dwell 9 ,sicily4 ,& z x is kn[n t1 ) ,god's help1 ! mona/]y has be5 e/abli%$ accord+ to ! regulations ( 8 w2 y1 exp]i5c$ sir1 w )\t delay use y\r be/ ef=ts to aid ! be>]s ( ^! pres5ts1 :o are s5t ?i!r1 to collect ^? slaves3 & :5 !y %all be collect$1 let !m hire l&s "u y\r c\nt5ance1 :]e !y may lab\r2 keep+ !m out ( _! produce ( lab\r1 :atev] may be necess>y = _! support2 let ! rema9d]1 "u ! c>e ( y1 exp]i5c$ sir1 be s5t1 ) ,god's help1 e ye> to ! =esaid mona/]y40 99 99 99 99 99 ,,gregorius1 ,vitali ,def5sori ,s>d9i4 ,de ,b>b>ic9is mancipiis comp>&is4 ,bonifacium prs5tium portitorem1 not>ium scilicet no/rum1 nos exp]i5tia tua illuc transmisisse cognoscat1 ut 9 utilitatem p>o*i ,b>b>ic9a debeat mancipia comp>>e4 ,et ideo exp]i5tia tua omn9o et /udio sesolliciteque concurrat1 ut bono pretio1 et talia debeat comp>>e1 qu inm9i/]io p>o*i utilia valeant inv5iri1 atque emptis eis huc ,deo proteg5te is ipse cel]ius possit reme>e4 ,ita ergo te 9 hac re exhib]e fe/9a1 ut te quasi s]vi5tium amatorem1 quorum usibus emuntur1 o/5das1 et nobis ipsi te de tu valeant sollicitud9e comm5d>e4 99 99 99 99 99 8,,gregory1 to ,vitalis1 ,proctor ( ,s>d9ia4 8,( buy+ ,b>b>y slaves4 8,"k1 exp]i5c$ sir1 t ,boniface1 our not>y1 ! be>] ( ^! pres5ts1 has be5 s5t by u to y\r place to pur*ase "s ,b>b>y slaves = ! use ( ! hospital4 ,& !re=e1 y w be c>eful to concur dilig5tly & att5tively ) him1 t he may buy !m at a good rate1 & su* z w\ld be f\nd useful = ! s]vice ( ! hospital4 ,& t hav+ b\ght !m1 he may1 "u ! protection ( ,god1 v spe$ily return hi!r4 ,d y !n be prompt to %[ y\rself 9 ?is bus9ess s z to exhibit y\r affection = ^? :o s]ve ! hospital1 & = ^: use ! pur*ase is made1 & t !y may h x 9 _! p[] to comm5d y to u = y\r zeal 9 _! reg>d40 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ^w p>o*i1 :i* is translat$ 8hospital10 is m prop]ly pto*ia 9 "s ( ! anci5t ,,mss41 :i* is a sort ( ,lat9iz$ imitation ( --a h\se = fe$+ ! poor4 ,gregory _h a l>ge e/abli%m5t ( ?is description 9 ,rome1 att5d$ by pi\s monks1 = ^: s]vice ^? b>b>ians 7 pur*as$4 ,procopius in=ms u1 lib4 ii4 de ,bello ,v&anco1 cap4 #ac1 :o ^! ,b>b>y slaves 74 8,:5 ! ,v&als _h conqu]$ ! ,moors ( ,africa1 !y 7 annoy$ by ! incursions ( "s ( ! b>b>ians ( ! s\!rn "p ( ,numidia4 ,9 ord] to prev5t ?is1 !y seiz$ ^u !m1 _! wives & *ildr51 & transport$ !m to ! isl& ( ,s>d9ia3 kept prison]s & slaves = "s "t "h1 !y escap$ to ! vic9ity ( ,cagli>i1 &1 =m+ a body ( #cjjj m51 !y rega9$ a sort ( fre$om4 ,gregory made v>i\s ef=ts to conv]t !m4 ,!y :o 7 kept 9 ?raldom 7 frequ5tly pur*as$1 z 9 ?is in/ance1 by ! ,italians & o!rs40 ,?is is ! fir/ in/ance on record ( ! pur*ase ( negro slaves by ! *ur*1 & occurr$ ab\t ! ye> #fjj4 ,at t "t1 :ite slaves co/ less ?an ! exp5se ( importation f ,africa4 ,9 8 six? book1 ep4 #ba1 ,gregory comm&s ! prie/ ,c&idus1 :o 0 8 ag5t 9 ,gaul1 to pur*ase f\r ( ! bro!rs ( "o ,dom9ic1 :o compla9$ to him t !y 7 r$eem$ f _! captors by ,jews 9 ,n>bonne1 & held by !m 9 slav]y4 ,! sev5? book1 ep4 #bb1 to ,john1 ! bi%op ( ,syracuse1 is a v curi\s docum5t4 ,x recites ! case ( "o ,felix1 :o 0 a slave born ( ,*ri/ian p>5ts1 & giv5 9 8 y\? z a pres5t to a ,jew by a ,*ri/ian own]3 he s]v$ illegally dur+ n9ete5 ye>s ! ,jew :o 0 disqualifi$ f hold+ a ,*ri/ian slave2 b ,maxim9ian ! =m] bi%op ( ,syracuse1 le>n+ ! facts1 _h1 z 9 duty b\nd1 ,felix dis*>g$ f ?is s]vice & made free4 ,five ye>s subsequ5tly1 a son ( ! ,jew became1 or pret5d$ to become1 a ,*ri/ian1 & be+ ?us qualifi$ to hold a ,*ri/ian slave1 claim$ ,felix z 8 prop]ty4 ,felix appeal$ to ! pope1 & ! lett] to ! bi%op ( ,syracuse is a decision 9 fav\r ( 8 fre$om1 conta9+ also an ord] to ! bi%op to protect him & def5d 8 lib]ty4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xv4 ,we h h]et(ore1 9 our fif? lesson1 notic$ ! doctr9e ( ! *ur*1 t ! civil p[] _h ! pr]ogative ( mak+ laws 9 reg>d to slav]y2 al?\gh1 at t "t1 paganism may be said to h gov]n$ ! _w4 ,& :ile we travel rapidly ?r\gh ! sev5? c5tury1 f9d+ ! ,roman ,empire1 ! mi/ress ( ! _w1 n[ tott]+ to decay2 ! ,lomb>ds firmly e/abli%$ 9 ,italy2 ! ,franks 9 ,gaul2 ! ,go?s 9 ,spa92 ! ,suevi 9 ,portugal2 & all ,g]many fill$ by v>i\s hordes1 gov]n$ by _! petty *iefta9s1 j n[ %[+ "s symptoms ( civilization1 & ,*ri/ianity 9 ! asc5dant2 yet we f9d ?is doctr9e ( ! *ur* un*ang$4 ,! *ur* may n[ be consid]$ /rong2 & al?\gh ! civil p[] is reg>d$ z ! legitimate legislative au?ority1 yet1 9 no in/ance1 are ! laws f\nd to run c\nt] to ! doctr9es ( ! *ur* on ?is subject4 ,9 ! precept ( ,k+ ,clotaire ,,ii4 = end[+ ! abbey ( ,corbey1 aft] ! grant ( ! p>cels ( l& !re9 recit$1 he adds1 8un cum t]ris1 domibus1 mancipiis1 dificiis1 v9eis1 silvis1 pratis1 pascuis1 f>9>iis1 et cunctis app5ditiis10 c4--,toge!r ) ! l&s1 h\ses1 slaves1 build+s1 v9ey>ds1 woods1 mead[s1 pa/ures1 gran>ies1 & all app5dages4 ,& ! abbey n only possess$ ! slaves z prop]ty1 b by ! same precept _h civil jurisdiction ov] all its t]ritory & all p]sons & ?+s !reon1 to ! exclusion ( all o!r judges4 ,! f\r? c\ncil ( ,tol$o1 9 #fcc1 9 its fifty-n9? canon1 by ! au?ority ( ,k+ ,sis5& & 8 nobles 9 ,spa91 re/or$ to lib]ty any slaves :om ! ,jews %\ld circumcise1 & 9 ! sixty-six? canon1 by ! same au?ority1 ,jews 7 !nce=? r5d]$ incapable ( hold+ ,*ri/ian slaves4 ,! sev5tie? & ! sev5ty-fir/ canons regulat$ ! process reg>d+ ! fre$ p]sons & coloni/s ( ! *ur*1 & ! latt] affix$ a p5alty ( r$uction to slav]y = neglect ( =mal obs]vances useful to pres]ve ! evid5ce ( title = ! coloni/4 ,! sev5ty-second canon places ! fre$ p]sons1 :e!r :olly manumitt$ or only condition$1 :5 settl$ "u patronage ( ! *ur*1 "u ! protection ( ! cl]gy4 ,! sev5ty-f\r? all[s ! *ur* to manumit wor?y slaves belong+ to h]self1 s t !y may be orda9$ prie/s or deacons1 b /ill keeps ! prop]ty !y may acquire1 z belong+ to ! *ur* :i* manumitt$ !m1 & re/ricts !m ev5 9 _! capacity z witnesses 9 sev]al in/ances2 & %\ld !y violate ?is condition1 decl>es !m susp5d$4 ,9 ! ye> #fej1 :i* 0 ! six? ( ,k+ ,clovis ,,ii41 a c\ncil 0 held at ,*alons4 ,! canon beg9s ) ! ann\ncem5t-- ,pietatis e/ maxim et religionis intuitus1 ut captivitatis v9culum omn9o ,*ri/ianis r$imatur4 ,unde sancta synodus noscitur c5suisse1 ut nullus mancipium extra f9es vel t]m9os qui ad regnum dom9i ,clodovei regis p]t95t1 p5itus1 debeat v5umd>e2 ne1 quod absit1 p] tale comm]cium aut captivitatis v9culo1 vel1 quod pejus e/1 ,judaic s]vitute mancipia ,*ri/iana t5eantur implicita4 8,x is a "w ( ! greate/ piety1 & ! int5t ( religion1 t ! bond ( captivity %\ld be entirely r$eem$ f ,*ri/ians4 ,:5ce x is kn[n to be ! op9ion ( ! holy synod1 t no "o ought1 at all1 to sell a slave beyond ! dom9ions ( our "l ,clovis ! k+2 le/1 :i* ,god =bid1 ,*ri/ian slaves %\ld be kept entangl$ 9 ! *a9s ( captivity1 or :at is worse1 "u ,jewi% bondage40 ,9 ! t5? c\ncil ( ,tol$o1 celebrat$ 9 ! ye> #fef1 9 ! reign ( ,recesw9d1 k+ ( ! ,go?s1 ! sev5? *apt] is a bitt] compla9t ( ! practice1 :i* /ill prevail$ among ,*ri/ians1 ( sell+ ,*ri/ian slaves to ! ,jews1 to ! subv]sion ( _! fai? or _! griev\s oppression4 ,9 ! ye> #fff1 a c\ncil 0 held 9 ,m]ida1 9 ,spa94 ,! eighte5? canon ( :i* all[s t1 ( ! slaves belong+ to ! *ur*1 "s may be orda9$ m9or cl]ks1 :o %all s]ve ! prie/s z _! ma/]s ) due fidelity1 receiv+ only food & raim5t4 ,! tw5tie? *apt] compla9s ( _m irregul>ities 9 ! mode ( mak+ fre$m5 = ! s]vice ( ! *ur*1 regulates ! mode ( mak+ !m1 & provides = ! pres]vation ( ! evid5ce ( _! obligation & ! security ( _! s]vice4 ,! tw5ty-fir/ regulates ! ext5t to :i* a bi%op %all be all[$ to grant gifts to 8 fri5ds1 ! slaves1 ! fre$m51 or o!rs4 ,! ?irte5? c\ncil ( ,tol$o 0 held 9 ! ye> #fhc1 9 ! reign ( ,ervigius1 ! successor ( ,wamba4 ,!re 0 an old law ( ! ,go?s1 f\nd 9 lib4 v4 tit4 vii41 & repeat$ 9 o!r =ms 9 lib4 x4 & xi41 regulat+ t no fre$man %\ld d an injury or an unk9dness to 8 ma/]1 & au?oriz+ ! ma/] :o _h suff]$1 to br+ su* (f5d] back aga9 to 8 /ate ( slav]y4 ,& 9 lib4 xvii4 ! fre$man1 & 8 prog5y = ev]1 7 prohibit$ f contract+ m>riage ) ! family ( _! patron or behav+ ) insol5ce to !m4 ,k+ ,ervigius 0 rem9d$ by _m ( 8 nobles t =m] k+s1 9 d]ogation ( ?is law1 _h giv5 employm5ts ab\t ! palace to slaves & to fre$m51 & ev5 su/a9$ !m 9 giv+ (f5ce to _! ma/]s1 _h ev5 sometimes ord]$ !m s to d1 & protect$ !m2 = ?is ! nobles s\ght r$ress4 ,! k+ call$ ^u ! c\ncil to unite ) him 9 putt+ a /op to ?is indignity4 ,& 9 ! six? canon we h ! detail ( ! evils set =?1 & also ! enactm5t1 9 concurr5ce ) ! k+1 t !nce=w>d x %all be unlawful to give any employm5t :atev] ab\t ! palace1 or 9 ! conc]ns ( ! cr[n1 to any slave or fre$man4 ,! ?ird c\ncil ( ,s>agossa 0 celebrat$ 9 ! ye> #fia1 9 ! reign ( ,egica1 k+ ( ! ,go?s4 ,9 ,tol$o1 x _h be5 enact$1 t any fre$man ( ! *ur*1 :o did n comply ) c]ta9 regulations1 %\ld lose 8 fre$om & be r$uc$ to slav]y4 ,"o ( ! conditions 01 t any p]son pret5d+ to h be5 manumitt$1 or claim+ z ! desc5dant ( a fre$man1 %\ld1 ^u ! dea? ( ! bi%op1 exhibit 8 pap]s to ! successor ( ! deceas$1 )9 a ye>1 or1 ^u 8 neglect1 %\ld be decl>$ a slave4 ,! object ( ?is 0 to disc]n ^? :o 7 p>tially free f ! p]fect slave1 & to cause ! =m] to pres]ve _! munim5ts4 ,! fa!rs ( ,s>agossa1 h[ev]1 discov]$ t "s ( ! bi%ops1 /udy+ _! own ga91 _h be5 too rigid 9 en=c+ ?is law1 & !reby r$uc$ sev]al neglig5t or ignorant p]sons to bondage2 9 ord] !n to d ju/ice1 !y enact$ 9 _! f\r? *apt]1 t ! ye> )9 :i* ! docum5ts %\ld be exhibit$ %\ld n comm5ce to run until aft] ! new bi%op1 subsequ5tly to 8 in/itution1 %\ld h giv5 suffici5t notice to ^? claim+ to be put 9 p>tial s]vice1 to produce _! pap]s4 ,! sixte5? c\ncil ( ,tol$o 0 held 9 ! ye> #fic4 ,! fif? *apt] ( ! acts1 det]m9+ :5 a prie/ may hold two *ur*es1 has ! foll[+ passage3 ,ut ecclesia1 qu usque ad decem habu]it mancipia1 sup] se habeat sac]dotem1 qu v]o m9us decem mancipia habu]it aliis conjungatur ecclesiis4 8,t ! *ur* :i* %all h z _m z t5 slaves %all h "o prie/ ov] x1 b t "o :i* %all h less ?an t5 slaves %all be unit$ to o!r *ur*es40 ,9 ! t5? *apt] ( ! acts ( ! same c\ncil1 n only 0 excommunication pron\nc$ aga9/ all :o %\ld be guilty ( high treason aga9/ ,egica1 ! k+ ( ! ,go?ic nation1 b ! bi%ops & cl]gy unit$ ) ! nobles 7palatii s5ioribus7 & ! popul> repres5tatives 9 condemn+ traitors & _! prog5y to p]petual slav]y1 7fisci viribus sub p]petu s]vitute maneant religati47 ,! laws ( ,ina1 k+ ( ! ,we/ ,saxons1 ab\t ! ye> #fib1 7 made = ! regulation ( religion3 ,s]vus1 si quid op]is patrrit die ,dom9ico ex prcepto dom9i sui1 lib] e/o1 dom9us trig9ta solidos dep5dito4 ,v]um si id op]is injussu dom9i sui aggressus fu]it1 v]b]ibus cditor1 aut saltem virg>um metum precio r$imito4 ,lib]1 si die hoc op]etur injussu dom9i sui1 aut s]vituti addicitor1 aut sexag9ta solidos dep5dito4 ,sac]dos1 si 9 hanc p>tem deliqu]it1 pna 9 duplum augeator4 8,if a slave %all d any "w on ! ,"l's day1 by ord] ( 8 ma/]1 let him become free1 & let ! ma/] pay ?irty %ill+s1 7ano!r copy adds1 #8ad witam1' z a f9e47 ,b1 if he w5t to ?is "w )\t 8 ma/]'s comm&1 let him be cut ) :ips1 7ano!r copy has #8corium p]dat1' let him lose 8 sk917 or at lea/1 let him r$eem ! fe> ( ! sc\rge by a price4 ,a freeman1 if on ?is day he %all "w )\t ! ord] ( 8 "l1 let him be r$uc$ to slav]y1 or pay sixty %ill+s4 ,%\ld a prie/ be del9qu5t 9 ?is respect1 8 p5alty %all be increas$ to d\ble40 ,9 ! eigh?1 ! division ( ! w]egild = ! kill+ ( a /rang]3 ,wallus c5sum p5d5s annuum1 #abj solidorum /imatur1 filius ejus #ajj4 ,s]vus1 alias #fj1 alias #ej1 solidis val]e putatur4 ,wallus virg>um metum #ab solidis r$imito4 ,wallus qu9que t]r hydas possid5s #fjj solidis /im&us e/4 8,a /rang] pay+ a ye>ly r5t is to be rat$ at #abj %ill+s1 8 son at #ajj4 ,a slave at ei!r #ej or #fj1 is a fair e/imation4 ,let a /rang] r$eem 8 fe> ( :ipp+ = #ab %ill+s4 ,a /rang] be+ 9 possession ( five hydes ( l& is to be valu$ at #fjj %ill+s40 ,! sev5te5? c\ncil ( ,tol$o 0 celebrat$ 9 #fid1 9 ! reign ( ,egica4 ,x 0 enact$-- ,si quis s]vum proprium s9e consci5ti judicis occid]it1 excommunicatione bi5nii sangu9is se mundabit4 8,if any "o %all put 8 own slave to dea?1 )\t ! k ( ! judge1 he %all cleanse himself ! blood by an excommunication ( two ye>s40 ,9 ! c\ncil ( ,b]gham/ead1 ne> ,cant]bury1 held 9 #fig1 "u ,)r$1 k+ ( ,k5t1 at :i* ,gebmund1 bi%op ( ,ro*e/]1 0 pres5t1 & :]e a sort ( p>liam5t also assembl$ & gave a civil sanction to ! temporal enactm5ts & p5alties ( ! canons1 sev]al regulations 7 made conc]n+ slaves4 ,! ,saxon ,,ms4 is ! adoption ( ! canons into ! common law ( ,cant]bury1 anti is entitl$ 8,! ,judgm5ts ( ,)r$40 ,! n9? canon 9 ?is collection is ! foll[+3 ,si quis s]vum suum ad alt>e manumis]it1 lib] e/o1 et habilis sit ad gaud5dum h]$itate et wirigildo1 et fas sit ei ubi volet s9e limite v]s>i4 8,if any p]son %all manumit 8 s]vant at ! alt>1 let him be free1 & capable ( enjoy+ inh]itance & w]egild1 & let x be lawful = him to dwell :]e he pleases )\t limit40 ,! t5? canon is3 ,si 9 vesp] prc$5te diem solis po/quam sol occubuit1 aut 9 vesp] prc$5te diem lun po/ occasum solis1 s]vus ex m&ato dom9i sui opus aliquod s]vile eg]it1 dom9us factum octog9ta solidis luito4 8,if on ! ev5+ prec$+ ,sunday1 aft] ! sun has set1 or on ! ev5+ prec$+ ,monday1 aft] ! sett+ ( ! sun1 a slave %all d any s]vile "w by comm& ( 8 ma/]1 let ! ma/] comp5sate ! de$ by eighty %ill+s40 ,! elev5?3 ,si s]vus hisce diebus it9]av]it1 dom9o p5dat sex solidos1 aut flagello cdatur4 8,if a s]vant %all h j\rney$ on ^! days1 let him pay six %ill+s to 8 ma/]1 or be cut ) a :ip40 ,! ?irte5?3 ,si paganus uxore nesci diabolo quid obtul]it1 omnibus =tunis suis plectatur et colli/rigio4 ,s9 et ambo p>it] itidem fec]9t1 omnium bonorum suorum amissione ipsa etiam luat et colli/rigio4 8,if a villa91 )\t ! k ( 8 wife1 %all h (f]$ any ?+ to ! devil1 let him be puni%$ by ! loss ( all 8 =tune & by ! pillory4 ,& if bo? did s toge!r1 let h] also lose all h] goods & be puni%$ by ! pillory40 ,! ,engli% villa9 0 ! coloni/ ( ! ,european cont95t1 & 9 ! ,speculum ,saxonicum1 lib4 i4 art4 #c1 8 imp]fect lib]ty is comp>$ ) ! freeman4 ,also 9 ,du ,cange1 ,paganus1 ,pag5ses1 c4 ,! f\rte5?3 ,si s]vus diabolo (f]at1 sex dep5dat solidos1 aut flagro vapulet4 8,if a slave (f]s to ! devil1 let him pay six %ill+s1 or be :ipp$40 ,! fifte5?3 ,si quis s]vo c>nem 9 jejunio d$]it com$5dam1 s]vus lib] exeat4 8,if any "o %all give 8 slave fle%-meat to eat on a fa/-day1 let ! slave g out free40 ,! sixte5?3 ,si s]vus ex sponte su eam ed]it1 aut sex solidis aut flagello4 8,if ! slave %all eat x ( 8 own motion1 let ! p5alty be ei!r six %ill+s or a :ipp+40 ,aft] regulat+ ! mode ( decl>ation ( swe>+ & ( compurgation1 = ! k+1 ! bi%op1 ! abbot1 ! prie/1 ! deacon1 ! cl]ic1 ! /rang]1 & ! k+'s ?ane1 ! tw5ty-fir/ canon enacts-- ,paganus cum quatuor compurgatoribus1 capite suo ad alt>e incl9ato1 semet eximat4 8,let ! villa9 deliv] himself ) f\r compurgators1 ) 8 head b[$ d[n to ! alt>40 ,! tw5ty-?ird3 ,si quis ,dei mancipium 9 conv5tu suo accusav]it1 dom9us ejus eum simplici suo juram5to purgabit1 si eu*>i/iam suscep]it4 ,ad eu*>i/iam autem si nusquam v5]it1 habeat 9 juram5to fidejussorem bonum1 vel solvat1 vel se tradat flagell&um4 8,if any p]son %all accuse a slave ( ,god 9 8 conv5t1 8 "l %all purge him ) a simple oa?1 if he %all h receiv$ ! eu*>i/4 ,b if he has nev] come to ! eu*>i/1 let him 9 8 oa? h a good surety to answ]1 or let him pay or give himself up to be :ipp$40 ,! slave ( ,god 0 "o belong+ to a mona/]y1 ( :om !re appe> to h be5 a good numb] 9 ,engl&1 at t p]iod1 z well z on ! cont95t4 ,! previ\s canon _h legislat$ = ! bi%op's dep5dants z di/+ui%$ f ! slave ( ! mona/]y4 ,! tw5ty-f\r? canon is3 ,si s]vus viri popul>is s]vum viri ecclesia/ici accusav]it1 vel s]vus ecclesia/ici s]vum viri popul>is1 dom9us ejus s+ul>i suo juram5to eum expurgabit4 8,if ! slave ( a lay p]son %all accuse ! slave ( a cl]gyman1 or if ! slave ( a cl]gyman %all accuse ! slave ( a layman1 let 8 ma/] purge him by 8 s+le oa?40 ,! tw5ty-sev5? regulat$ ! puni%m5t ( ! p]son :o p]mitt$ a ?ievi% slave to escape1 &1 respect+ ! slave himself1 conclud$ ?us3 ,si quis eum occid]it1 dom9o ejus dimidium p5dito4 8,if any "o %all slay him1 let him pay to 8 ma/] "o-half40 ,9 ,g]many1 h[ev]1 z yet1 9 mo/ places paganism prevail$1 & human sacrifices 7 (f]$4 ,/4 ,boniface _h be5 s5t by ! ,holy ,see to endeav\r to reclaim to religion & to civilization ! nations or tribes t compos$ ?is undef9$ ext5t ( t]ritory4 ,we f9d 9 a lett] ( ,pope ,gregory ,,iii41 writt5 9 answ] to 8 reque/ = special in/ructions1 ab\t ! ye> #gce1 ! foll[+ p>agraph3 ,hc quoque int] alia crim9a agi 9 p>tibus illis dixi/i1 quod quidam ex fidelibus ad immol&um paganis sua v5umd5t mancipia4 ,quod ut magnop]e corrig]e debeas1 frat]1 commonemus1 nec s9as fi]i ultra3 scelus e/ enim et impietas4 ,eis ergo qui hc p]petrav]unt1 similem homicid indices pnit5tiam4 8,y h said t1 among o!r crimes1 ?is 0 done 9 ^? p>ts1 t "s ( ! fai?ful sold _! slaves to pagans to be immolat$4 ,:i* y %\ld use all y\r p[] to correct1 nor all[ x to be done any m3 = x is wick$ness & impiety4 ,impose !n ^u its p]petrators ! same p5ance z = homicide40 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xvi4 ,!odore1 ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury1 gov]n$ ! ,engli% *ur* f #fgj to #fij1 :5 he di$4 ,! foll[+ extracts are f 8 canonical regulations3 ,,vii4 ,grci et ,romani dant s]vis suis ve/im5ta1 et laborant excepto ,dom9ico die4 ,grcorum mona*i s]vos non hab5t1 ,romani hab5t4 8,! ,greeks & ,romans give clo?+ to _! slaves1 & !y "w except on ! ,"l's day4 ,! ,greek monks h n slaves1 ! ,romans h40 ,,xvii4 ,+5uus cum +5u conjungi debet4 8,a free man %\ld be m>ri$ to a free woman40 ,,lxv4 ,qui p] jussionem dom9i sui occid]it hom9em1 dies xl4 jejunet4 8,he :o1 by ! comm& ( 8 ma/]1 %all kill a man1 %all fa/ =ty days40 ,! sev5ty-fir/ prohibits ! int]m>riages ( ^? slaves ^: own]s w prev5t _! liv+ toge!r4 ,! sev5ty-f\r? regulates1 t if a free pregnant-woman be sold into slav]y1 ! *ild t %e be>s %all be free2 all subsequ5tly born %all be slaves4 ,,lxxix4 ,pat] filium necessitate coactus 9 s]vitium s9e voluntate filii tradat4 8,a fa!r1 compell$ by necessity1 may deliv] 8 son into slav]y )\t ! w ( t son40 ,,lxxxix4 ,episcopus et abbas hom9em scel]atum s]vum possunt hab]e1 si precium r$im5di non habet4 8,a bi%op or an abbot c hold a crim9al 9 slav]y1 if he h n ! price ( 8 r$emption40 ,,cxvii4 ,s]vo pecuniam p] laborem comp>atam nulli licet auf]re4 8,x is n lawful = any "o to take away f a slave ! money made by lab\r40 ,9 ! c\ncil ( ,v]b]ie1 held 9 a palace ( ,k+ ,pep91 ! six? canon made regulations 9 ! case ( m>riage betwe5 free p]sons & slaves4 ,! foll[+ are its provisions3 #a4 ,if any free p]son contract$ m>riage ) a slave1 be+ at ! "t ignorant ( ! /ate ( bondage ( t p>ty1 ! m>riage 0 invalid4 #b4 ,if a p]son "u bond %\ld h a semblance ( fre$om by reason ( condition1 & ! free p]son be ignorant ( ! bondage1 & ?is bond p]son %\ld be br\ght into s]vitude1 ! m>riage 0 decl>$ orig9ally void4 #c4 ,an exception 0 made :]e ! bond p]son1 by reason ( want1 %\ld1 ) ! cons5t ( ! free p>ty1 sell himself or h]self into p]fect slav]y ) ! cons5t ( ! free p>ty2 !n ! m>riage 0 to /& good1 because ! free p>ty _h cons5t$ to ! enslavem5t1 & pr(it$ ( its ga9s4 ,! sev5? canon w\ld seem to %[ t a slave c\ld hold prop]ty 9 slaves3 ,si s]vus suam ancillam concub9am habu]it1 si ita placet1 pote/ ill dimiss comp>em suam ancillam dom9i sui accip]e3 s$ melius e/ suam ancillam t5]e4 8,if a man-s]vant %all h 8 own female slave z a concub9e1 he %all h p[]1 if he wi%es1 leav+ h]1 to m>ry 8 equal1 ! female s]vant ( 8 ma/]3 b x is bett] t he %\ld keep 8 own s]vant 9 w$lock40 ,! eigh? canon provid$1 9 ! case ( a fre$man :o1 subsequ5tly to 8 lib]ation1 committ$ s9 ) ! female slave ( 8 =m] ma/]1 t ! ma/] %\ld h p[]1 :e!r ! fre$man w\ld or n1 to compel him to m>ry t female slave2 & %\ld ?is man leave h]1 & attempt a m>riage ) ano!r woman1 ?is latt] mu/ be sep>at$ f him4 ,! ?irte5? decl>es t :5 a freeman1 kn[+ t ! woman :om he is ab\t to m>ry is a slave1 or1 n hav+ kn[n x until aft] m>riage1 volunt>ily ^u ! discov]y cons5ts to ! m>riage1 x is !nce=? indissoluble4 ,! n9ete5? decl>es t ! sep>ation ( m>ri$ p>ties1 by ! sale ( "o :o is a slave1 does n affect ! m>riage4 ,!y mu/ be admoni%$1 if !y _c be reunit$1 to rema9 cont95t4 ,! tw5tie? provides = ! case ( a male slave fre$ by lett]1 7*>tell>ius17 :o1 hav+ = 8 wife tak5 a slave ) ! lawful cons5t ( h] ma/]1 & leav+ h]1 takes ano!r z 8 wife4 ,! latt] contract is void1 & ! p>ties mu/ sep>ate4 ,ano!r assembly 0 held by ,k+ ,pep91 9 ,compeigne1 =ty-eight miles nor?-ea/ ( ,p>is1 :]e he _h a c\ntry-seat4 ,at ?is assembly also ! prelates held a c\ncil 9 #geg1 & made eighte5 canons4 ,! f\r? makes provision = ! case ( a man's giv+ 8 free /ep-daught] 9 w$lock to a freeman or to a slave4 ,! fif? decl>es void ! m>riage betwe5 a free p]son & a slave1 :]e ! =m] 0 ignorant ( ! condition ( ! latt]4 ,! six? reg>ds a case ( a complicat$ description1 :]e a freeman got a civil b5efice f 8 "l1 & takes 8 own vassal ) him1 & dies ^u ! b5efice1 leav+ aft] him ! vassal4 ,ano!r freeman becomes inve/$ ) ! b5efice1 &1 anxi\s to induce ! vassal to rema91 gives him a female s]f atta*$ to ! soil z 8 wife4 ,hav+ liv$ ) h] = a "t1 ! vassal leaves h]1 & returns to ! "l's family1 to :i* he ow$ 8 s]vices1 & !re he contracts a m>riage ) "o ( ! same allegiance4 ,8 fir/ contract 0 invalid1 ! second 0 ! m>riage4 ,9 ! ye> #ggb1 a c\ncil 0 held 9 ,bav>ia1 at a place call$ ,d+olv+a1 ! pres5t city ( ,+ol/adt1 9 ! reign ( ,tassilo1 duke ( ,bav>ia4 ,! t5? canon ( ?is c\ncil decides t a noble woman1 :o _h contract$ m>riage ) a slave1 n be+ aw>e ( 8 condition1 is at lib]ty to leave him1 ! contract be+ void1 & %e is to be consid]$ free & n to be r$uc$ to slav]y4 ,by noble we are "h to und]/& free1 z di/+ui%$ f ignoble1 t is1 a slave4 ,we h !n sixte5 am5dm5ts ( ! national law4 ,! fir/ regulates1 by ! au?ority ( ! pr9ce & cons5t ( ! :ole assembly1 t h5ce=? no slave1 :e!r fugitive or o!r1 %\ld be sold beyond ! limits ( ! t]ritory1 "u p5alty ( ! paym5t ( 8 w]egild4 ,9 ! second1 among o!r ?+s1 x is enact$ t if a slave %\ld be kill$ 9 ! commission ( h\se-break+1 8 own] is to receive no comp5sation2 & %\ld ! felon :o is kill$ 9 man-/eal+1 :5 he c\ld n be tak51 :e!r x be a freeman or a slave t he is c>ry+ (f1 no w]egild %all be paid by ! slay]1 b he %all be b\nd to prove 8 case be=e a c\rt4 ,! sev5? reg>ds ! trial by ordeal ( slaves fre$ by ! duke's h&4 ,! eigh? e/abli%es & gu>ds ! fre$om1 n only ( !mselves1 b ( _! po/]ity1 ( ^? fre$ 9 ! *ur*1 unless :5 !y may be r$uc$ to slav]y f inability to pay = damages :i* !y _h committ$4 ,! n9? conta9s1 among o!r enactm5ts1 ^? :i* expla9 ! t5? canon ( ! c\ncil4 ,aft] specify+ diff]5t w]egilds = fre$ p]sons1 x says-- ,si ancilla lib]a dimissa fu]it p] *>tam aut 9 ecclesi1 et po/ hc s]vo nups]it1 ecclesi ancilla p]manebit4 8,%\ld a female slave be emancipat$ by de$ or 9 ! *ur*1 & aft]w>ds m>ry a slave1 %e %all be a slave to ! *ur*40 ,x !n cont9ues1 respect+ a woman orig9ally free1 & ! nobilis ( canon x43 ,si autem lib]a ,bajo>ia s]vo ecclesi nups]it1 et s]vile opus ancilla contradix]it1 absc$at4 8,b if a free ,bav>ian female %all h m>ri$ a s]vant ( ! *ur*1 & ! maid w n submit to s]vile "w1 %e may dep>t40 ,si autem ibi filios et filias g5]av]it1 ipsi s]vi et ancill p]maneant1 pote/atem ex9de 7exeundi7 non habeant4 8,b if %e %all h !re borne sons & daught]s1 !y %all cont9ue slaves1 & n h p[] ( go+ =?40 ,h] fre$om 0 n1 h[ev]1 imm$iately de/roy$1 = ! law proce$s-- ,illa autem mat] eorum1 qu&o exire volu]it1 ante annos iii1 lib]am habeat pote/atem4 8,b %e1 _! "m1 :5 %e may desire to g =? be=e ?ree ye>s1 %all h free p[] !re=40 ,9 ?is case ! m>riage subsi/$1 b ! free woman c\ld sep>ate1 )\t h[ev] ! m>riage-bond be+ r5t4 ,if %e rema9$ beyond ! "t ( ?ree ye>s1 %e lo/ h] fre$om2 & x %[s u t1 probably1 previ\s to ?is am5dm5t1 any free woman :o m>ri$ a slave1 !reby lo/ h] own fre$om2 & t ! t5? canon1 %[+ ! m>riage ( :i* x treat$ to be invalid1 %[$ t ! woman %\ld n lose h] lib]ty4 ,! conclud+ provision ( ! n9? law is z foll[s3 ,si autem iii annos indurav]it opus ancill1 et p>5tes ejus non exadomav]unt eam ut lib]a fuisset1 nec ante comitem1 ducem1 nec ante regem1 nec 9 publico mallo1 transactis tribus kal5dis ,m>tis1 7,m>tu17 po/ hc ancilla p]maneat 9 p]petuum1 et quicumque ex ea nati fu]9t s]vi et ancill sunt4 8,b if %e %all h cont9u$ ?ree ye>s do+ ! "w ( a slave1 & h] relations h n br\ght h] out s t %e %\ld be free1 ei!r be=e ! c\nt1 or ! duke1 or ! k+1 or 9 ! public high c\rt1 7mall17 :5 ! kal5ds ( ,m>* %all h ?rice pass$1 aft] ?is %e %all rema9 p]petually a slave1 & !y :o %all be born ( h]1 male & female1 %all be slaves40 ,9 #ggd1 ,pope ,adrian ,i4 deliv]$ to ,*>lemagne a dige/ ( canon law1 !n 9 =ce1 9 :i* we f9d-- 8,! ?ird ( ,gangr1 condemn+ z guilty ( h]esy ^? :o taught t religion sanction$ ! slave 9 despis+ 8 ma/]2 ! ?irtie? 9 ! ,african collection1 :i* %[$ t ! p[] ( manumission 9 ! *ur* 0 d]iv$ f ! civil au?ority2 ! "o hundr$ & second ( ! same1 :i* decl>$ slaves & fre$ p]sons disqualifi$ to prosecute1 except 9 c]ta9 cases & = injuries done to !mselves40 ,9 a capitul>y ( ,*>lemagne1 publi%$ 9 su* a synod & g5]al assembly 9 #ggi1 9 ! mon? ( ,m>*1 9 ! elev5? ye> ( 8 reign1 at ,dur51 on ! ,ro]1 7,villa ,duria17 betwe5 ,cologne & ,aix-la-,*apelle1 !re be+ assembl$ episcopis1 abbatibus1 virisque illu/ribus1 comitibus1 un cum piissimo dom9o no/ro1--8! bi%ops1 abbots1 & ! illu/ri\s m51 ! c\nts1 toge!r ) our mo/ pi\s "l10--we f9d ! foll[+ *apt]3 ,,xx4 ,de mancipiis qu v5duntur1 ut 9 prs5ti episcopi vel comitis sit1 aut 9 prs5ti ar*diaconi1 aut c5t5>ii1 aut 9 prs5ti vic$om9i1 aut judicis comitis1 aut ante b5e nota te/imonia4 ,et =as m>*am nemo mancipium v5dat4 ,qui fec]it1 tantis vicibus bannos solvet1 quanta mancipia v5didit4 ,et si non habet precium vivadio1 pro s]vo semetipsum donet comiti1 usqudum ipsos bannos solvat4 8,conc]n+ slaves t are sold1 let x be 9 pres5ce ( ! bi%op1 or ( ! c\nt1 or 9 pres5ce ( ! ar*deacon1 or ( ! judge ( ! hundr$1 or 9 pres5ce ( ! "l's deputy1 or ( ! judge ( ! c\nty1 or ( well kn[n witnesses4 ,& let no "o sell a slave beyond ! b\nd>y4 ,:osoev] %all d s %all pay z _m f9es z he sold slaves4 ,& if he has n ! money1 let him deliv] himself to ! c\nt 9 pl$ge z a slave until he %all pay ! f9es40 ,9 a capitul>y ( ,pope ,adrian ,i41 conta9+ ! summ>y ( ! *ief "p ( ! canon law !n 9 =ce1 z collect$ f ! anci5t c\ncils & o!r s\rces1 deliv]$ to ,+ilram1 bi%op ( ,metz1 or1 z x 0 !n call$1 ,divodurum1 or oppidum ,m$iomatricorum1 on ! #ai? ( ,septemb]1 xiii4 kal5das ,octobris1 indic4 ix4 #ghe1 ! sixte5? *apt]1 describ+ ^? :o _c be witnesses aga9/ prie/s1 m5tions n m]ely slaves1 b quorum vit lib]tas nescitur1 ^? :o are n kn[n to be free2 & 9 ! notes ( ,an?ony ,augu/us1 bi%op ( ,t>ragona1 on ?is capitul>y1 he ref]s = ?is & ano!r passage1 viles p]sonae1 p]sons ( vile condition1 :i* is ! appellation ( slaves1 to decrees ( ! e>lie/ ( popes1 viz41 ,anacletus1 ,a4,d4 #ia1 & ,clem5t 8 imm$iate successor2 ,ev>i/us1 :o 0 ! next1 & di$ ,a4,d41 #aji2 ,pius1 :o di$ ,a4,d4 #aeg2 ,cali/us1 9 #bbb2 ,fabian1 #bej2 & sev]al o!rs4 ,9 *apt] xxi4 among incompet5t witnesses1 are recit$1 nullus s]vus1 nullus lib]tus--no slave1 no fre$man4 ,! notes ( ! same au?or in=m u t ?is portion ( ! *apt] is ! copy ( an extract f ! fir/ c\ncil ( ,nice1 & t x is also sub/antially f\nd 9 a passage f ,pope ,pontianus1 :o di$ 9 #bce1 z well z 9 sev]al ( ! e>ly ,african & ,spani% c\ncils1 :i* he quotes4 ,"o ( ^! assemblies1 9 :i* ,*>lemagne publi%$ a capitul>y1 0 held at ,aix-la-,*aplle 7,aquisgranum7 9 #ghi1 9 :i* eighty-two *apt]s 7 enact$4 ,no4 xxiii4 is f\nd$ ^u canon iv4 ( ! c\ncil ( ,*alc$on1 & ^u an enactm5t ( ,leo ! ,great4 ,x prohibit$ all attempts to induce a slave to embrace ei!r ! cl]ical or mona/ical /ate )\t ! w & lic5se ( ! ma/]4 ,no4 xlv4 prohibits1 among o!rs1 slaves f be+ compet5t witnesses1 or fre$m5 aga9/ _! patrons3 f\nd$ ^u ! n9ety-six? canon ( ! ,african c\ncils4 ,no4 lvii4 ref]r+ to ! ?ird canon ( ! c\ncil ( ,gangr1 prohibits bi%ops orda9+ slaves )\t ! ma/]'s lic5se4 ,9 #gid a c\ncil 0 held at ,frank=t on ! ,ma9e1 at :i* ! bi%ops ( a l>ge portion ( ,europe assi/$2 ! tw5ty-?ird canon ( :i* is ! foll[+3 ,de s]vis ali5is1 ut a nem9e recipiantur1 neque ab episcopis sacr5tur s9e lic5ti dom9orum4 8,( s]vants belong+ to o!rs3 !y %all be receiv$ by no "o1 nor admitt$ to ord]s by bi%ops1 )\t _! ma/]s' lic5se40 ,9 ! ye> #fig1 at ano!r assembly held at ,aix-la-,*apelle1 ! capitul>y = ! pacification & gov]nm5t ( ,saxony 0 enact$ by ,*>lemagne4 ,! eigh? *apt] is-- ,si quis hom9em diabolo sacrificav]it1 et ho/iam 9 m paganorum dmonibus obtul]it1 morte moriatur4 8,if any p]son %all sacrifice a man to ! devil1 & (f] him z a victim to devils aft] ! fa%ion ( pagans1 he %all be put to dea?40 ,an explanation ( ?is w be f\nd :]e ,pope ,gregory ,,iii4 answ]s ,/4 ,boniface1 :o in=m$ him t un=tunate slaves 7 b\ght to be ?us immolat$4 ,,xi4 ,si quis filiam dom9i sui rapu]it1 morte moriatur4 8,if any "o %all d viol5ce to 8 ma/]'s daught]1 he %all be put to dea?40 ,,xii4 ,si quis dom9um suum vel dom9am suam int]fec]it1 simili modo puniatur4 8,if any "o %all kill 8 ma/] or 8 mi/ress1 he %all be puni%$ 9 l mann]40 ,,xiv4 ,de m9oribus capitulis cons5s]unt omnes1 ad unamquamque ecclesiam curtem et duas mansas t]r pag5ses ad ecclesiam recurr5tes condon5t3 et int] c5tum vig9ti hom9es nobiles et +5uos1 similit] et litos1 s]vum et ancillam eidem ecclesi tribuant4 8,all agre$ conc]n+ ! small] congregations1 t ! coloni/s frequ5t+ ea* *ur* %\ld be/[ ^u x "o dwell+1 ) prop] out-(fices1 & two manses 7#bd acres7 ( l&2 & t !y %\ld give to ! same *ur* "o male slave & "o female slave betwe5 "o hundr$ & tw5ty noble & free m51 & c\nt+ also ! condition$ s]vants40 ,9 ?is newly settl$ ecclesia/ical prov9ce ! provision made = ! support ( religion consi/$ ( l& & slaves4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xvii4 ,^u ! asc5sion ( ,*>lemagne to ! imp]ial ?rone1 ! ,roman ,empire may date its ext9ction4 ,b1 9 ! reign ( ! ,franks1 9 _! succession to ! ?rone ( ! we/]n empire1 we fail to f9d any *ange ( doctr9e on ! subject ( slav]y4 ,b ! ,lomb>ds _h long di/urb$ ,italy3 ,*>lemagne succe$$ 9 r$uc+ !m to bett] ord]1 &1 9 ! ye> #hja1 am5d$ _! laws4 ,"o *apt] assimilat$ to t ( ,france & ( ,g]many3 ,,vi4 ,de ,aldionibus publicis ad jus publicum p]t95tibus4 ,aldiones vel ,aldianes e lege vivant 9 ,itali1 9 s]vitute dom9orum suorum1 qu fiscal9i vel liddi vivunt 9 ,franci4 8,( ! public ,aldions1 belong+ to ! public e/ate4 8,! ,aldions1 or ,aldians1 %all 9 ,italy exi/ ^u ! same pr9ciple 9 ! s]vice ( _! ma/]s t ! fiscals & lids d exi/ 9 ,france40 ,! ,aldions 7 bond-m5 or bond-wom51 ^: p]sons 7 n at ! disposal ( _! ma/]s1 nor did !y pass ) ! l& z coloni/s did1 b _! ma/]s or patrons _h c]ta9 claims ^u /at$ s]vices f !m4 ,!y 7 g5]ally ei!r fre$ p]sons or ! desc5dants ( ^? :o _h be5 manumitt$ ^u ! condition ( p]=m+ /ipulat$ s]vices2 & if !y fail$ to p]=m ^!1 !y 7 liable to be r$uc$ to slav]y4 ,! lidus or liddus or litus ( ! ,saxon 0 s call$ f be+ sp>$ 9 ! conque/1 & left on ! l&1 ) ! obligation ( pay+ ! ma/]1 :o own$ x & himself1 a c]ta9 portion ( its produce1 & do+ him o!r fix$ s]vices4 ,?us nei!r ( !m 0 an absolute slave ^: p]son & prop]ty 7 at ! own]'s disposal4 ,! slave 0 manumitt$1 b ?is latt] description ( s]vants 7 g5]ally releas$ by de$ or *>t]3 h5ce1 :5 s fre$1 !y 7 call$ *>tulani1 *>tellani1 or 8*>t]$40 ,! transition f slav]y to ?is latt] k9d ( s]vitude 01 at ! comm5cem5t ( ! n9? c5tury1 greatly on ! increase4 ,,viii4 ,de s]vis fugacibus4 ,ubique intra ,italiam1 sive regius1 sive ecclesia/icus1 vel cujuslibet alt]ius hom9is s]vus fugitivus inv5tus fu]it dom9o suo s9e ull annorum prscriptione v9dicetur1 e tam5 ratione1 si dom9us ,francus sive ,alemannus1 aut alt]ius cujuslibet nationis sit4 ,si v]o ,longob>dus aut ,romanus fu]it1 e lege s]vos suos vel adquirat vel admittat1 qu antiquits int] eos con/itutus e/4 8,conc]n+ runaway slaves4 8,:]esoev] )9 ! b\nds ( ,italy1 ei!r ! runaway slave ( ! k+ or ( ! *ur* or ( any o!r man %all be f\nd by 8 ma/]1 he %all be re/or$ )\t any b> ( prescription ( ye>s2 yet ^u ! provision t ! ma/] be a ,frank or a ,g]man or ( any o!r nation1 7=eign47 ,b if he be a ,lomb>d or a ,roman1 he %all acquire or receive 8 slaves by t law :i* has be5 e/abli%$ f anci5t times among !m40 ,"h is evid5ce ( ! preval5t usage ( ! *ur* hold+ prop]ty 9 slaves1 j z commonly z did ! k+ or any o!r p]son4 ,9 ! ye> #hje1 ,*>lemagne publi%$ a capitul>y at ,?ionville1 9 ! dep>tm5t ( ,moselle1 ,france1 7,!odonis villa47 ,9 ! *ap4 xi4 we read-- ,de s]vis propriis vel ancillis4 ,de propriis s]vis et ancillis1 ut non supr modum 9 mona/]ia sumantur1 ne des]5tur vill4 8,conc]n+ _! own male or female slaves4 8,let n an excessive numb] ( _! own male or female slaves be tak5 into ! mona/]ies1 le/ ! f>ms be des]t$40 ,?is capitul>y reg>ds pr9cipally ! regulation ( mona/]ies4 ,/4 ,pa*omius1 :o 0 born 9 ,upp] ,egypt1 9 #bib1 & :o 0 ! fir/ t drew up a regul> mona/ic rule1 w\ld nev] admit a slave into a mona/]y4 ,tillemont1 vii4 p4 #ahj4 ,9 ! ye> #hac1 a c\ncil 0 held at ,*alons1 ! portions ( ^: enactm5ts 9 any way affect+ prop]ty or civil rights 7 confirm$ by ,*>lemagne & made a portion ( ! law ( ! empire4 ,_m ( ! *ur*es1 especially 9 ! c\ntry1 7 curtail$ 9 _! income & r$uc$ to difficulties1 because ! bi%ops & abbots _h l>ge e/ates )9 _! p>i%es1 & _m s]vants occupi$ 9 _! cultivation1 & ! prelates prev5t$ ^! s]vants pay+ ti!s to ! p>i% cl]gy1 claim+ = !mselves an exemption f ! obligation4 ,! canon xix4 is ! foll[+3 ,que/i sunt prt]ea quidam fratres1 quod ess5t quidam episcopi et abbates1 qui decimas non s9]5t d>i ecclesiis ubi illi coloni missas audiunt4 ,pro9de decrevit sac] ille conv5tus1 ut episcopi et abbates de agris et v9eis1 qu ad suum vel fratrum /ip5dium hab5t1 decimas ad ecclesias def]ri faciant3 famili v]o ibi d5t decimas suas1 ubi infantes eorum baptizantur1 et ubi p] totum anni circulum missas audiunt4 8,moreov] "s bre?r5 h compla9$1 t !re 7 "s bi%ops & abbots :o w\ld n p]mit ti!s to be giv5 to ^? *ur*es :]e coloni/s he> mass4 ,:]e=e t holy assembly decre$1 t1 = ^? fields & v9ey>ds :i* !y h = _! own support or t ( _! bre?r51 ! bi%ops & abbots %\ld cause ! ti! to be paid to ! *ur*es4 ,& let ! s]vants pay _! ti!s to ! *ur* :]e _! infants are baptiz$1 & :]e dur+ ! ye> !y he> mass40 ,9 ?is we h additional evid5ce ( ! fact t l>ge bodies ( l&1 & num]\s s]vants atta*$ to !m1 7 held by bi%ops & abbots1 n only = !mselves1 b = _! *ur*es & _! mona/]ies4 ,! canon xxx4 is ! foll[+3 ,dictum nobis e/ quod quidam legitima s]vorum matrimonia pote/iv qudam prsumptione dirimant1 non att5d5tes illud evangelicum3 ,quod ,deus conjunxit1 homo non sep>et4 ,unde nobis visum e/1 ut conjugia s]vorum non dirimantur1 etiam si div]sos dom9os habeant3 s$ 9 uno conjugio p]man5tes dom9is suis s]viant4 ,et hoc 9 illis obs]v&um e/1 ubi legalis conjunctio fuit1 et p] voluntatem dom9orum4 8,x has be5 /at$ to u t "s p]sons1 by a sort ( magi/]ial presumption1 dissolve ! lawful m>riages ( slaves2 n reg>d+ t evangelical maxim1 ,:at ,god ha? put toge!r1 let man n sep>ate4 ,:5ce x appe>s to u1 t ! w$lock ( slaves may n be dissolv$1 ev5 ?\gh !y h diff]5t ma/]s2 b let !m s]ve _! ma/]s1 rema9+ 9 "o w$lock4 ,& ?is is to be obs]v$ ) reg>d to ^? :]e !re has be5 a lawful union1 & ) ! w ( ! own]s40 ,9 ! ye> #haf1 a c\ncil 0 held at ,aix-la-,*apelle1 9 :i* a l>ge portion ( ! canon law !n 9 =ce reg>d+ ! cl]gy 0 imbodi$ into "o hundr$ & =ty-five *apt]s4 ,aft] ! session ( ! c\ncil1 ! emp]or publi%$ a capitul>y conta9+ ?irty *apt]s2 ! six? ( :i* compla9s ( ! cont9u$ indiscretion ( bi%ops 9 orda9+ s]vants1 contr>y to ! canons1 & =bids su* ord9ations except ^u ! ma/]'s giv+ full lib]ty to ! slave4 ,if a s]vant %all impose ^u a bi%op by false witnesses or docum5ts ( fre$om1 & ?us procure ord9ation1 he %all be depos$ & tak5 back by 8 own]4 ,if ! desc5dant ( a slave :o came f abroad %all h be5 educat$ & orda9$1 :]e !re 0 no k ( 8 condition1 %\ld 8 own] subsequ5tly discov] him & prove 8 prop]ty1 if ?is own] grants him lib]ty1 he may keep 8 cl]ical rank2 b if ! ma/] ass]ts 8 "r & c>ries him away1 ?\gh ! slave does n lose 8 "* ( ord]1 he loses 8 rank1 & _c (ficiate4 ,%\ld ma/]s give s]vants fre$om t !y may be capable ( ord9ation1 x %all be 9 ! ma/]'s discretion to give or to )hold ! prop]ty necess>y to enable ! p]son to get ord]s4 ,! ar*bi%ops are to h 9 ea* prov9ce ! emp]or's au?ority 9 ! orig9al1 to au?orize _! orda9+ ! s]vants ( ! *ur*1 & ! suffragan bi%ops are to h copies ( ?is orig9al1 & :5 su* s]vant is to be orda9$1 ?is au?ority mu/ be read = ! p f ! pulpit or at ! corn] ( ! alt>4 ,! l =m 0 to be obs]v$ :5 any ( ! laity desir$ to h any s]vant ( ! *ur* promot$ to ord]s1 or :5 ! l promotion 0 petition$ = by ! prior ( a *apt] or ( a mona/]y4 ,lo?>ius1 ! emp]or1 publi%$ a capitul>y 9 ,rome1 9 #hdb4 ,9 ! ?ird *apt] ( ! fir/ "p1 we f9d ! foll[+ expression3 ,9 electione autem ,romani pontificis nullus1 sive lib] sive s]vus1 prsumat aliquod imp$im5tum fac]e4 8,let no "o1 :e!r freeman or slave1 presume to create any imp$im5t 9 ! election ( ! ,roman pontiff40 ,:i* leads u to suspect t "s slaves possess$ consid]able p[] or influ5ce4 ,9 ! second *apt]1 f9es are impos$ = creat+ riots 9 any *ur*4 ,& ! *apt] concludes 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,et qui non habet unde ad ecclesiam p]solvat1 tradat se 9 s]vitio eidem ecclesi1 usque dam totum debitum p]solvat4 8,& let him :o has n ! means ( pay+ ! *ur*1 give himself 9 s]vitude to t same *ur* until he pays ! :ole debt40 ,by ! t5? *apt] he re/ra9$ ! p[] ( manumission4 ,quod p] xxx annos s]vus lib] fi]i non possit1 si pat] illius s]vus1 aut mat] ancilla fuit4 ,similit] de ,aldionibus prcipimus4 8,t a slave ^: fa!r or ^: "m 0 a slave _c become free be=e ?irty ye>s ( age4 ,we ord] t ! same %all be ! case respect+ ,aldions40 ,9 ! twelf? he /ates t ^! are b a cont9uance ( ! laws ( 8 gr&fa!r ,*>les & ( 8 fa!r ,l\is4 ,& 9 tit4 i4 #ab ( ,ulpian1 ref]5ce is made to a v>iety ( enactm5ts ( ! anci5t ,roman law1 t a slave manumitt$ "u ! age ( ?irty c\ld n be a ,roman citiz5 except by a special grant ( a c\rt4 ,! ?irte5? decl>es t free wom5 :o unite ) _! own slaves are 9 ! royal p[]1 & are giv5 up1 toge!r ) _! *ildr51 to slav]y among ! ,lomb>ds4 ,! f\rte5? enacts t a free woman :o %all unite h]self to ! male slave ( ano!r1 & rema9 s = a ye> & a day1 %all1 toge!r ) h] *ildr51 become enslav$ to h] husb&'s own]4 ,! fifte5? regulates t if ! free husb& ( a free woman %all1 = crime or debt1 br+ himself into s]vitude to ano!r1 & %e n cons5t to rema9 ) him1 ! *ildr5 are free2 b if %e die1 & ano!r free woman1 kn[+ 8 condition1 m>ries him1 ! *ildr5 ( ?is latt] %all be slaves4 ,a numb] ( *apt]s are also on ^! records %[+ ! insuffici5cy ( s]vile te/imony4 ,o!rs provide aga9/ ! oppression ( poor freem51 s t !y %all n be easily compell$ to sell !mselves into slav]y4 ,ab\t ! ye> #hfj1 ,pope ,ni*olas ,i4 s5t to ! newly conv]t$ ,*ri/ians ( ,bulg>ia answ]s to sev]al inquiries :i* !y made = ! regulation ( _! conduct4 ,! n9ety-sev5? reg>ds slaves :o accuse _! ma/]s to ! pr9ce or to ! c\rt3 & ! pope ref]s !m to ! obligation ( ! ma/] z giv5 9 *apt] vi4 ( ! epi/le ( ,/4 ,paul to ! ,ephesians1 7n to use ?reat5+s t[>ds _! s]vants17 & !n asks1 h[ mu* m /rongly does ! _s ( ?is maxim ( k9dness & affection be> ^u ! s]vant1 & tea* him to be ( an humble & =giv+ disposition1 su* z t *apt] enjo9s2 ref]r+ also to ! direction ( our ,savi\r1 ,luke vi4 #cg1 & ! injunction ( ! apo/le1 #a ,!ss4 v4 #ae1 = _! direction4 ,at ?is p]iod ( "t1 ! piratical w>s ( ! ,nor?m51 :o 7 p]petually mak+ inroads on ! re/ ( ,europe1 kept ! :ole ( ,*ri/5dom 9 commotion1 & m>k$ p]haps ! d>ke/ p]iod ( ! d>k ages4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xviii4 ,,unconnect$ ,,facts4 ,9 #ajcj1 ,pet]1 bi%op ( ,girona1 9 ,spa91 came to ,rome1 & begg$ leave ( ! pope 7,john ,,xix47 to we> ! pall twelve days 9 ! ye>1 promis+ to r$eem ?irty slaves !n 9 captivity among ! ,s>ac5s1 provid$ 8 hol9ess grant$ him ?is reque/4 ,x 0 readily grant$4 ,see ,b[]1 vol4 v4 p4 #aec4 ,%ortly aft] ! #cj? ,octob]1 #ajea1 ,pope ,leo ,,ix41 hav+ visit$ ,v]celli & ,augsburg1 return$ to ,rome1 & held a c\ncil soon aft] ,ea/]1 9 :i* he excommunicat$ ,gregory1 bi%op ( ,v]celli1 = committ+ adult]y ) a wid[ betro!d to 8 uncle4 ,! bi%op 0 abs5t :5 ?is s5t5ce 0 giv51 b he flew to ,rome z soon z he he>d ( x2 & ^u 8 promis+ to p]=m ! p5ance t 8 hol9ess impos$ ^u him1 he 0 absolv$ f ! excommunication1 & re/or$ to ! functions ( 8 (fice4 ,on t occasion ! canons issu$ by o!r c\ncils aga9/ ! incont95ce ( ! cl]gy 7 confirm$1 & 8"s new ones 7 add$1 &1 9 ord] to *eck m effectually ! sc&al\s irregul>ity ( ! ,roman cl]gy 9 p>ticul>1 x 0 decre$1 at ! reque/ ( ! pope1 t all wom5 :o %\ld = ! future pro/itute !mselves to ! prie/s )9 ! walls ( ,rome %\ld be condemn$ to s]ve z slaves 9 ! ,lat]an palace40 ,see ,h]man1 ad an4 #ajea2 also ,b[]1 idem1 p4 #ahc4 ,by "o ( ,con/ant9e's laws1 !y :o ravi%$ virg9s or /ole !m1 ev5 ) _! cons5t1 aga9/ ! w ( _! p>5ts1 7) ! view to make slaves ( !m or n17 7 burn$ alive4 ,cod4 ,!odos4 #a4 ix4 tit4 #bi1 leg4 #a4 ,! sev]ity ( ?is law 0 some:at mitigat$ by ,con/antius1 b he /ill made x a capital (f5ce4 ,ibid4 leg4 #b4 ,x 0 ^u ?is law1 ,pope ,hadrian ,,ii4 appli$ to ! emp]or = r$ress aga9/ ,eleu!rius1 :o _h c>ri$ (f 8 daught] ,/ephania by =ce1 & m>ri$ h]1 al?\gh %e 0 betro!d to ano!r4 ,see ,b[]1 idem1 p4 #aa4 ,we h a rem>kable lett]1 writt5 by ,gregory ,,vii41 9 ,janu>y1 #ajhj1 9 answ] to "o he _h receiv$ f ,vratislaus1 duke ( ,bohemia1 desir+ leave to h ,div9e s]vice p]=m$ 9 ! ,sclavonian tongue1 t is1 9 ! language ( ! c\ntry4 ,t lett] ! pope answ]$ 9 ! foll[+ words3 8,z y desire u to all[ ,div9e s]vice to be p]=m$ among y 9 ! ,sclavonian tongue1 "k t by no means c ,i grant y\r reque/1 x be+ manife/ to all1 :o w b reflect1 t x has pleas$ ! ,almighty t ! ,scripture %\ld be )held f "s1 & n und]/ood by all1 le/ x %\ld fall into contempt1 or lead ! unle>n$ into error4 ,& x mu/ n be alleg$ t all 7 all[$1 9 ! primitive times1 to read ! ,scriptures1 x be+ well kn[n t 9 ^? e>ly times ! *ur* conniv$ at _m ?+s1 :i* ! holy fa!rs disapprov$ & correct$ :5 ! ,*ri/ian religion 0 firmly e/abli%$4 ,he _c !re=e grant1 b absolutely =bid1 by ! au?ority ( ,almighty ,god & 8 bless$ apo/le ,pet]1 :at y ask1 & comm& y to oppose to ! utmo/ ( y\r p[] all :o require x40 ,greg4 l4 vii4 ep4 ii42 also ,b[]1 idem1 p4 #bgi4 ,on ! subject ( ! above lett]1 x %\ld be rememb]$ none spoke ! ,sclavonic at t day except ! ,sclavonians !mselves2 t ! great mass ( t p 7 slaves1 ei!r to "s few individuals ( _! own nation1 or to ! o!r ,european nations1 by :om !y _h be5 captur$1 or to :om !y _h be5 sold4 ,!y 7 a nation ( slaves1 & h5ce ! ,romans call$ _! language ,s]vian1 f s]vus1 a slave4 ,!re is /ill extant among ! anci5t ,g]man ar*ives "s acc\nt ( ! physical & moral appe>ance ( ?is p1 repres5t+ !m z robu/1 fil?y1 fai?less1 & extremely wick$4 ,!y call$ !mselves sclava or sclavas1 c41 :i* ^w1 9 _! language1 impli$ an elevat$ di/9ction1 & 0 9 common use z a suffix to individual names1 indicat+ t ! p]son 0 highly elevat$ among 8 c\ntrym51 z 9 ?is case1 ,vrati-,slaus--indicat+ ! fact t ,vrati 0 fam\s1 elevat$1 a man ( high & hon\rable di/9ction4 ,su* m5 (t5 held imm5se numb]s ( _! less elevat$ c\ntrym5 9 bondage4 ,f ! =m & mean+ ( ?is suffix1 "s mod]n s*ol>s h errone\sly suppos$ x to h come f ! ,lat91 laus4 ,we may =m "s idea ( ! feel+s ( ,pope ,gregory ,,vii41 ^u ?is application1 by imag9+ :at w\ld h be5 ! feel+s ( a ,virg9ia legislature1 fifty ye>s ago1 _h "s free ,african1 !n !re1 petition$ to h ! laws publi%$ 9 ,eboe1 = ! b5efit ( ! slaves4 ,9 ! above lett]1 ! mean+ ( ! ass]tion1 89 ^? e>ly times ! *ur* conniv$ at _m ?+s :i* ! holy fa!rs disapprov$10 c41 at ?is late day is v liable to be misconceiv$4 ,he does n allude to any ?+ said or done by ,jesus ,*ri/ or 8 apo/les1 b to ! action ( 8 pr$ecessors 9 ! pontificate on ?is v subject4 ,ab\t ! ye> #hfj1 ,pope ,ni*olas ,i4 grant$ ?is v privilege to ! ,sclavonians 9 ,moravia2 & ab\t t5 ye>s aft]1 ! same 0 r5ew$ by ,hadrian ,,ii41 ^u ! reque/ ( ,/4 ,cyril1 ! apo/le ( ! ,moravians4 ,see ! ,life ( ,cyril1 7,lat917 page #bb4 ,& ,john ,,viii41 9 ! ye> #hhb1 confirm$ ! same1 at ! reque/ ( ,sf5to ,pul*]1 pr9ce ( ,moravia1 call+ x ! lic5se grant$ by ,pope ,ni*olas1 8( say+ ! canonical h\rs & celebrat+ mass 9 _! native language40 8,! ,sclavonian language we ju/ly comm5d10 says ! pope 9 8 lett] to ! pr9ce1 8& ord] ! praise & ! works ( ,*ri/ our ,"l to be celebrat$ 9 t tongue1 be+ direct$ by ,div9e au?ority to praise ! ,"l1 n 9 ?ree only1 b 9 all languages1 agreeably to :at we f9d 9 holy writ--#8,praise ye ! ,"l1 all ye nations1 & bless him1 all ye p4' ,! apo/les ann\nc$ ! wond]ful works ( ,god 9 all languages10 c41 8& he :o made ! ?ree *ief languages1 ! ,hebrew1 ! ,greek1 & ! ,lat91 creat$ all ! re/ = 8 praise & glory40 ,see ,johan4 ep4 #bdg4 ,! same privilege 0 grant$ by ! ,greek *ur* to ! ,russians1 :o speak ! ,sclavonian language2 & !y p]=m1 to ?is day1 z well z ! ,moravians1 ,div9e s]vice 9 _! native language4 ,! pope1 h[ev]1 ord]$ ! gospel to be fir/ read 9 ,lat91 & aft]w>ds1 = ! sake ( ^? :o und]/ood n t language1 9 ! ,sclavonian4 7,see ,b[]1 idem1 p4 #cg47 ,x is n relevant to our subject to inquire :at facts pres5t$ !mselves to ! m9d ( ,gregory ,,vii41 :]eby he appreh5d$ t ! ,scripture might 8fall into contempt10 or !y 8lead ! unle>n$ into error40 ,b we h se51 9 our own day1 a wide deviation f ! in/ruction ( ,/4 ,paul1 9 a v]sion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 9 ,romaic1 or mod]n ,greek1 evid5tly translat$ f our ,engli% v]sion1 in/ead ( f ! anci5t ,greek2 :]e9 ,paul is made to say1 #a ,tim4 i4 #aj1 an?ropokleptas1 :i* indicates ! /eal+ ( a free man--in/ead ( :at ,paul did say1 &rapodi/ais1 :i* indicates ! /eal+ ( a slave4 ,x is true1 ,k+ ,james's translators sub/itut$ 8m5-/eal]s10 )\t any fur!r allusion t ! m5 :o 7 to be ! ?+s /ol5 7 slaves4 ,x does n appe> to h occurr$ to !m t a free man c\ld be /ol51 s9ce 9 no s5se c\ld he be prop]ty4 ,9 said v]sion are o!r errors ( equal magnitude2 & we h x f good au?ority t ! ,greek patri>*1 aft] an exam9ation ( said v]sion1 mo/ /rictly =bad 8 p to read x1 &1 also1 to introduce x among !m4 ,if su* errors 7 incid5t to ! ,sclavonic1 ,gregory ,,vii4 _h at lea/ "s gr\nd = 8 appreh5sions4 ,b ! ,sclavonians 7 ( ! same col\r & physical =mation ( ! nor!rn tribes to :om !y 7 9 bondage4 ,!re 0 no physical or moral degradation consequ5t to an amalgamation ) !m2 & su* connection did happ5 to a v great ext5t1 & at ?is day has v ne>ly ext+ui%$ all ca/e betwe5 !m4 ,b 9 ! days ( ,gregory ,,vii41 & long s9ce1 ! polit] nations ( ! s\? ( ,europe reg>d$ ^? ( ! nor?1 :e!r free or 9 s]vitude1 z b a m]e grade1 if at all1 above b>b>ians2 & ?is pope seems to h be5 dispos$ to h f$ !m ) 8milk10 & n ) 8/rong meat40 ,heb4 v4 #ab4 ,we may p]ceive h[ ! s\? e/imat$ ! nor? at ^? e>ly times1 by an incid5t relat$ by ,d',aubigne1 vol4 i4 p4 #if4 ,reu*l91 a native ( ,p=zheim1 _h made himself a di/+ui%$ s*ol> = any age4 ,9 #adih1 he f\nd 8 way to ,rome1 :5 ,argyropylos1 a celebrat$ ,greek pr(essor1 0 lectur+ on ! elevat$ /&+ 9 lit]ature to :i* ! ,greeks _h =m]ly arriv$1 c4 ,reu*l91 highly delight$ ) ! lecture1 visit$ ! pr(essor1 & address$ him 9 ,greek4 ,argyropylos1 p]ceiv+ him to be a ,g]man1 says1 8,:5ce come y1 & d y und]/& ,greek80 ,reu*l9 replies1 8,i am a ,g]man1 & am n q ignorant ( y\r language40 ,he took up ,?ucydides & read2 :5 ,argyropylos said1 9 grief1 te>s1 & a/oni%m5t1 8,alas1 alas1 ,greece ca/ out & fugitive1 is gone to hide h]self beyond ! ,alps60 ,b ! fun]al fire ( ,greece & ,rome illum$ ! extreme nor?1 & by its light ! savage freeman & 8 m savage slave 7 taught _! religion1 civilization1 & sci5ce4 8,x 0 ?us10 says ,d',aubigne1 8t ! sons ( b>b>\s ,g]many & ^? ( anci5t ,greece met toge!r 9 ! palaces ( ,rome2 ?us x 0 t ! ea/ & ! we/ gave ea* o!r ! "r h& ( fell[%ip 9 ?is r5dezv\s ( ! _w1 & t ! =m] p\r$ into ! h&s ( ! latt] ^? intellectual treasures :i* x _h c>ri$ (f 9 its escape f ! b>b>ism ( ! ,turks4 ,god1 :5 8 plans require x1 br+s toge!r 9 an in/ant1 by "s unlook$-= cata/rophe1 ^? :o seem$ = ev] remov$ f ea* o!r40 ,?is improv$ condition ( ! nor!rn nations 0 =ese51 p]haps already felt1 by ,innoc5t ,,iv41 9 #abed1 :5 he p]mitt$ ,div9e s]vice to be p]=m$ 9 ! ,sclavonic language1 :i* is notic$ by ,b[]1 vol4 vi4 p4 #bed4 ,at ! close ( 8 rem>ks on ,pope ,innoc5t ,,iv41 he says--8,we h a great numb] ( lett]s writt5 by ?is pope on diff]5t occasions1 & a decree all[+ ! ,sclavonians to p]=m ,div9e s]vice 9 _! "m tongue1 contr>y to a decree ( ,gregory ,,vii40 ,we beg to notice ,pope ,gregory ,,ix42 =1 8by ?is pope 0 confirm$ ! religi\s ord] ( ,/4 ,m>y de ,m]c$e1 z x is call$1 an ord] in/itut$ to make ga!r+s all ov] ! ,*ri/ian _w = ! r$emption ( ,*ri/ians tak5 & kept 9 slav]y by ! infidels40 ,b[]1 idem1 p4 #bcf4 ,?is ord] 0 in/itut$ by ,james1 k+ ( ,arragon1 ab\t ! ye> #abbc1 & 0 confirm$ by ,gregory on ! #ag? ( ,janu>y1 #abcj4 ,! g5]al ( ?is ord] resides con/antly at ,b>celona1 :]e x 0 in/itut$ by ! k+ ( ,arragon1 "u ! direction ( ,raimund de ,p5ne=t1 !n canon ( t city4 ,see ,oldo9us 9 notis ad ,ciacon4 ,bull>ium 9 ,greg4 ,,ix4 con/it4 #i4 ,ab\t ! ye> #acab1 *>ges ( ! mo/ wick$ & gross nature 7 _h aga9/ ! ,knights ,templ>s4 ,_! *ief p]secutor 0 ,k+ ,philip1 :o suspect$ !m to h enc\rag$ an insurrection dur+ 8 w> 9 ,fl&]s4 ,?r\gh 8 influ5ce ! :ole ord] 7 arre/$1 n only 9 ,france1 b 9 all ,*ri/5dom4 ,pope ,clem5t ,v4 took *>ge ( _! prosecution4 ,b x appe>+ t ?\s&s ( !m _h & 7 ready to def5d ! ,*ri/ian religion at ! exp5se ( _! lives1 & t _m ( _! ord] 7 !n 9 slav]y among ! ,s>ac5s1 f :i* !y might r$eem !mselves by repudiat+ ,jesus ,*ri/ & 8 religion1 yet !y pref]r$ r to live & die 9 *a9s ?an to pur*ase fre$om at s high a price1 _! judges consid]$ ^! facts to ov]balance ! evid5ce aga9/ !m4 ,b ?r\gh ,philip's influ5ce ! ord] 0 suppress$4 ,see ,b[]1 vol4 vi4 p4 #ci4 ,by ! laws ( ,moses1 :5 ! ,hebrews f\nd x necess>y to make w> & subdue _! enemies 9 battle1 !y 7 direct$ to put all ! m5 to dea?1 & to make slaves ( ! wom5 & *ildr54 ,see ,deut]onomy xx4 #ac1 #ad4 ,! mild] treatm5t ( ! wom5 & *ildr5 0 9 m]cy1 pr$icat$ on ! presumption ( _! be+ m tractable & less unalt]ably sunk 9 s94 ,we p]ceive ! same /ate ( facts :5 ! ,"l comm&$ ! ,hebrews to put ! ,canaanites to dea?4 8,?\ %alt smite !m1 & utt]ly de/roy !m2 ?\ %alt make no cov5ant ) !m1 nor %[ m]cy to !m3 nei!r %alt ?\ make m>riages ) !m10 c4 ,deut4 vii4 #b1 #c4 ,:]eas ! adjo9+ & k9dr$ tribes 7 only devot$ to slav]y4 8,bo? ?y bond-m5 & ?y bond-maids :i* ?\ %alt h1 %all be ( ! hea!n t are r\nd ab\t y3 ( !m %all ye buy bond-m5 & bond-maids40 ,lev4 xxv4 #dd4 ,x is1 & ev] has be51 ! univ]sal rule to de/roy f ! e>?1 :5ev] s9 has sunk its vot>y s l[ 9 ! dep?s ( crime t !re is no long] ev5 hope ( re=m4 ,:]eas1 = a less degree ( depravity1 m]cy int]c$es = ! re=mation ( ! victim1 by plac+ him someway 9 surveillance1 ei!r = life or = a t]m ( ye>s4 ,on ! same pr9ciple is f\nd$ ! di/9ction ( puni%m5t betwe5 homicide att5d$ ) prem$itat$ malice1 & t :i* is n s att5d$4 8,behold1 ^! ?ree ye>s ,i come seek+ fruit on ?is fig-tree1 & f9d none3 cut x d[n2 :y cumb]e? x ! gr\nd8 ,& he answ]+1 said unto him1 ,"l1 let x alone ?is ye> also1 till ,i may dig ab\t x1 & dung x3 & if x be> fruit1 well2 & if n1 !n aft] t ?\ %alt cut x d[n40 ,luke xiii4 #g4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xix4 ,our ,engli% ^w w> is ( ,saxon orig91 7,sax4 wa]17 & f :5ce has also be5 d]iv$ _m ( ! correspond+ t]ms 9 ! pres5t ,european languages4 ,its prim>y s5se implies ! action ( a compet5t p[] 9 accompli%+ some?+4 ,b1 l _m o!r words1 its use has deg5]at$ into v>i\s %ades ( mean+4 ,! correspond+ ,greek t]m1 palemos1 f pallo1 or its cognate1 ballo1 seems orig9ally to h be5 illu/rative ( (f5sive & co]cive action1 & h5ce implies all ! agitative & repulsive movem5t illu/rat$ by our pres5t ^w battle3 :]eas ! ,hebrew t]m1 laham1 cognate ) ,ham1 on ^: desc5dants ! curse ( slav]y 0 pron\nc$ by ,noah1 involves ! idea ( de/ruction1 z a ?+ burn$1 consum$1 dev\r$1 & de/roy$2 h5ce ! ,hebrews w\ld say1 ! sword dev\r$1 t is1 eats up1 c42 yet _! t]m g]av1 or k]ab1 boldly impli$ (f5sive & oppos+ =ce2 h5ce1 to advance ^u1 or1 to approa* unto1 9 :i* s5se x 0 (t5 us$1 z well z to imply conflict & w>4 ,we wi% to illu/rate ! fact t1 :5 ! m9d ( a ,hebrew 0 9 ex]cise ) ! complex idea :i* we express by ! t]m w>1 ! conception embrac$ a l>g] portion ( ! simple elem5ts :i* ent] into ! complex ideas ( de/ruction1 annihilation1 & dea?1 ?an is n[ f\nd associat$ 9 ! m9d ( ! m highly cultivat$ desc5dants ( ! ,caucasian races4 ,9 ! idea w>1 ) him1 ! lead+ s5tim5t 0 ! ext9ction ( ^? aga9/ :om ! w> 0 wag$4 ,_! doctr9e1 t ,god gov]n$ ! _w2 t ! ,hebrews 7 8 *os5 p2 t no w> 0 ju/ifiable unless au?oriz$ by ,jehovah2 t ! object ( w> 0 to de/roy f ! e>? ^? :o 7 too wick$ to live1 or to place 9 subjection & s]vitude1 ^? :o manife/$ a less degree ( /ubbornness1 b ^: s9s made !m a nauseant1 a nuisance1 9 ! _w2 t ,god always gov]n$ a w> 9 su* a mann] z r5d]$ x a puni%m5t = s9s4 ,h5ce ! law ( ,deut4 xx4 #ac1 #ad1 be=e quot$4 ,h5ce ! w>s ( ! ,israelites are nam$ z 8! w>s ( ! ,"l10 ,numb4 xxi4 #ad4 ,h5ce1 we f9d 9 ,ex4 xvii4 #af1 8,! ,"l ha? sworn t ! ,"l w h w> ) ,amalek f g5]ation to g5]ation10 & 9 ! prec$+ v]se1 t 8,moses built an alt> & call$ x ,jehovah-nissi40 ,! ^w nissi means ! flag1 /&>d1 or bann] ( an army1 indicat+ ! c5tre ( comm&1 or ! location & movem5t ( ! comm&]1 & is sometimes us$ 9 ! s5se ( example1 or model ( action1 & by figure is also us$ to mean ! comm&] or lead] himself4 ,& ,jo%ua said unto !m1 8,fe> n nor be dismay$1 be /rong & ( good c\rage3 = ?us %all ! ,"l d to all y\r enemies :om ye fight40 ,jo%4 x4 #be4 8,he tea*e? my h&s to w>1 s t a b[ ( /eel is brok5 by m9e arms40 #b ,sam4 xxii4 #ce4 ,also ! same1 ,ps4 xviii4 #cd4 8,) good advice make w>40 ,prov4 xxiv4 #f4 ,ps4 xviii4 #cg3 8,i h pursu$ m9e enemies & ov]tak5 !m2 nei!r did ,i turn aga9 until !y 7 consum$40 #ch4 8,i h w\nd$ !m t !y 7 n able to rise4 ,!y are fall5 "u my feet40 #ci4 8,= ?\ ha/ gird$ me ) /r5g? unto ! battle4 ,?\ ha/ subdu$ "u me ^? t rose up aga9/ me40 #dj4 8,?\ ha/ also giv5 me ! necks ( m9e enemies2 t ,i might de/roy !m t hate me40 #da4 8,!y cri$1 b !re 0 none to save !m3 ev5 unto ! ,"l1 b he answ]$ !m n40 #db4 8,!n did ,i beat !m small z ! du/ be=e ! w9d3 ,i did ca/ !m out z ! dirt 9 ! /reets40 #dc4 8,?\ ha/ deliv]$ me f ! /riv+s ( ! p3 & ?\ ha/ made me ! head ( ! hea!n3 a p :om ,i h n kn[n %all s]ve me10 7ab$9i1 %all be slaves to me47 #dd4 8,z soon z !y %all he> ( me1 !y %all obey me3 ! /rang]s %all submit !mselves unto me40 8,o ,god ! ,"l1 ! /r5g? ( my salvation1 ?\ ha/ cov]$ my head 9 ! day ( battle40 cxiv4 #g4 8,bless$ be ! ,"l ,god ( my /r5g?1 :i* tea*e? my h&s to w> & my f+]s to fight40 cxliv4 #a4 ,s ! prophets3 8,a noise %all come ev5 to ! ends ( ! e>?1 = ! ,"l ha? a controv]sy ) ! nations2 he w plead ) all fle%3 he w give !m t are wick$ to ! sword40 ,j]4 xxv4 #ca4 8,& ,i w smite ?y b[ out ( ?y left h&1 & w cause ?y arr[s to fall out ( ?y "r h&4 8,?\ %alt fall ^u ! m\nta9s ( ,israel1 ?\1 & all ?y b&s1 & ! p t is ) !e3 ,i w give !e unto ! rav5\s birds ( e sort1 & unto ! bea/s ( ! field1 to be dev\r$4 ,?\ %alt fall ^u ! op5 field3 = ,i h spok5 x1 sai? ! ,"l ,god40 ,ezek4 xxxix4 #c-e4 8,at ! same "t spake ! ,"l by ,isaiah ! son ( ,amos1 say+1 ,g1 & loose ! sackclo? f (f ?y lo9s1 & put (f ?y %oe f ?y foot3 & he did s1 walk+ nak$ & b>efoot4 8,& ! ,"l said1 ,l z my s]vant ,isaiah ha? walk$ nak$ & b>efoot ?ree ye>s = a sign & wond] ^u ,egypt & ^u ,e?iopia2 8,s %all ! k+ ( ,assyria lead away ! ,egyptians prison]s1 & ! ,e?iopians captives1 "y & old1 nak$ & b>efoot1 ev5 ) _! buttocks uncov]$1 to ! %ame ( ,egypt40 ,isa4 xx4 #b1 #c1 #d4 ,& aga91 8,! ^w ( ! ,"l came aga9 unto me1 say+1 ,son ( man1 prophesy & say1 ,?us sai? ! ,"l ,god2 ,h[l ye1 ,wo wor? ! day6 8,= ! day is ne>1 ev5 ! day ( ! ,"l is ne>1 a cl\dy day3 x %all be ! "t ( ! hea!n4 8,& ! sword %all come ^u ,egypt1 & great pa9 %all be 9 ,e?iopia1 :5 ! sla9 %all fall 9 ,egypt1 & !y %all take away h] multitude1 & h] f\ndations %all be brok5 d[n4 8,e?iopia 7,cu%7 & ,libya 7,put7 & ,lydia 7,ludim7 & all ! m+l$ 7ereb1 mix$-blood$7 p1 & ,*ub1 7! ,arabians read ,nub1 ,nubia17 & ! m5 ( ! l& t is 9 league1 %all fall ) !m by ! sword4 8,?us sai? ! ,"l3 ,!y also t behold ,egypt 7,mitsraim7 %all fall2 & ! pride ( h] p[] %all come d[n3 f ! t[] ( ,sy5e %all !y fall 9 x by ! sword1 sai? ! ,"l ,god4 8,& !y %all be desolate 9 ! mid/ ( ! c\ntries t are desolate1 & h] cities %all be 9 ! mid/ ( ! cities t are wa/$4 8,& !y %all "k t ,i am ! ,"l1 :5 ,i h set a fire 9 ,egypt1 7,mitsraim17 & :5 all h] help]s %all be de/roy$4 8,9 t day %all mess5g]s g =? f me 9 %ips to make ! c>eless 7betahh1 confid5t ( "o's own security1 ?\ghtless1 unconc]n$1 tru/+ 9 !mselves7 ,e?iopians afraid1 & great pa9 %all come ^u !m3 z 9 ! day ( ,egypt1 7,mitsraim37 = lo x come?6 8,?us sai? ! ,"l ,god1 ,i w make ! multitude ( ,egypt to cease by ! h& ( ,nebu*adnezz> k+ ( ,babylon4 8,he & 8 p ) him1 ! t]rible ( ! nations1 %all be br\ght to de/roy ! l&3 & !y %all draw _! swords aga9/ ,egypt1 & fill ! l& ) ! sla94 8,& ,i w make ! riv]s dry1 & sell ! l& into ! h& ( ! wick$3 & ,i w make ! l& wa/e1 & all t is !re91 by ! h& ( /rang]s4 ,i ! ,"l h spok5 x4 8,?us sai? ! ,"l ,god3 ,i w also de/roy ! idols1 & ,i w cause _! images to cease out ( ,noph3 & !re %all be no m a pr9ce ( ! l& ( ,egypt3 & ,i w put a fe> 9 ! l& ( ,egypt4 8,& ,i w make ,pa?ros 7a ,coptic ^w signify+ s\? l&1 c47 desolate1 & w set a fire 9 ,zoan1 7bo? ,isoan & ,isaan2 x means a w&]]1 c4 & 0 ! "n ( a city at ! m\? ( ! ,nile17 & w execute judgm5ts 9 ,no4 8,& ,i w p\r my fury on ,s91 ! /r5g? ( ,egypt2 & ,i w cut (f ! multitude ( ,no4 8,& ,i w set fire 9 ,egypt3 ,s9 %all h great pa91 & ,no %all be r5t asund]1 & ,noph %all h di/resses daily4 8,! "y m5 ( ,av5 & ,pi-bese? %all fall by ! sword3 & ^! cities %all g into captivity4 8,at ,tehaphnehes also ! day %all be d>k5$1 :5 ,i %all break !re ! yokes ( ,egypt3 & ! pomp ( h] /r5g? %all cease 9 h]3 a cl\d %all cov] h]1 & h] daught]s %all g into captivity4 ,?us w ,i execute judgm5ts 9 ,egypt1 7,mi?raim1 ! same z ,misraim1 ! son ( ,ham37 & !y %all "k t ,i am ! ,"l40 ,ezek4 xxx4 #a-ai4 ,& s ,zeph4 ii4 #ab3 8,ye ,e?iopians also1 ye %all be sla9 by my sword40 ,we %all take occasion to notice ?is passage else:]e4 ,& ,joel iii4 #h3 8,& ,i w sell y\r sons & y\r daught]s into ! h& ( ! *ildr5 ( ,judah1 & !y %all sell !m to ! ,sabeans1 to a p f> (f3 = ! ,"l ha? spok5 x40 ,zephaniah iii4 #h-aj may be said to develop ! ultimate provid5ce ( ,god t\*+ ?is matt]3 8,!re=e1 wait ye ^u me1 sai? ! ,"l1 until ! day t ,i rise up to ! prey3 = my det]m9ation is to ga!r ! nations1 t ,i may assemble ! k+doms1 to p\r ^u !m m9e indignation1 ev5 all my fi]ce ang]3 = all ! e>? %all be dev\r$ ) ! fire ( my jeal\sy4 8,= !n ,i w turn to ! p a pure language1 t !y may all call ^u ! "n ( ! ,"l1 to s]ve him ) "o cons5t4 8,f beyond ! riv]s ( ,e?iopia1 my suppliants1 ev5 ! daught] ( my disp]s$ 7,putsi1 ! daught]s ( ,put2 ! ^w means disp]s$1 because !y 7 scatt]$ & lo/ z to "n7 %all br+ m9e (f]+40 ,!y 7 evid5tly ! mo/ det]iorat$ ( all ! desc5dants ( ,ham4 ,:5 a p or nation give evid5ce t !y are ins5sible to all rules ( "r1 ei!r div9e or human1 x necess>ily foll[s t _! h& w be f\nd aga9/ e man1 & e man's h& aga9/ !m4 ,! subjugation ( su* a p1 s reg>dless ( all law1 c only end 9 _! be+ put to dea?1 or1 9 ! m m]ciful provision ( ! div9e law1 by r$uc+ !m to a /ate ( absolute slav]y4 ,! exp]i5ce ( mank9d proves t su* hea!n1 s r$uc$ to a /ate ( bondage1 h always giv5 evid5ce t _! moral & ev5 physical condition has be5 ameliorat$ by x1 & 9 proportion to ! scrupul\s p>ticul>ity by :i* !y to :om !y 7 enslav$ successfully compell$ & =c$ !m to walk 9 ! pa?s ( rectitude4 ,ev] s9ce ! _w has be5 peopl$ by nations1 none h ev] hesitat$ to make w> a protection to !mselves aga9/ ^? :o ?us _h become a nuisance 9 x4 ,to su* m51 ei!r individually or collectively1 reason1 ju/ice1 law are )\t effect or influ5ce3 no?+ %ort ( absolute compulsive =ce c avail !m b5eficially4 ,&1 inde$1 x is ^u ?is pr9ciple t civiliz$ communities d ess5tially1 9 _! prisons & by o!r mode ( re/ra9t1 enslave1 = life or a t]m ( ye>s1 ^? :o h prov$ !mselves too reckless to be o!rwise cont9u$ among !m4 ,9 ! ye> #adcg1 ! ,*ri/ian "r or duty ( decl>+1 or r ( mak+ w> aga9/ infidels1 0 propos$ to ! *ur* = ! pope's decision & c\nsel4 ,du>te1 k+ ( ,portugal1 0 importun$ by 8 bro!r ,f]d9&1 to make w> on ! ,moors ) a view to ! conque/ ( ,tangi]4 ,du>te ent]ta9$ scruples ab\t 8 moral & ,*ri/ian "r to d s2 & !re=e propos$ ! subject to ! !ologians & to ! pope4 ,eug5ius ,,iv41 :o !n fill$ ! papal *air1 decid$ t !re 7 b two cases 9 :i* an (f5sive w> c\ld be ju/ifiably und]tak5 aga9/ unbeliev]s1 c43 #a/4 8,:5 !y 7 9 possession ( t]ritory :i* _h belong$ to ,*ri/ians1 & :i* ! latt] s\ght to recov]4 #b;d4 ,:51 by piracy or w>1 or any o!r means1 !y injur$ or insult$ ! true believ]s40 ,9 all o!r cases1 proce$$ 8 hol9ess1 ho/ilities are unju/4 ,! elem5ts1 e>?1 air1 fire1 & wat]1 7 creat$ = all2 & to deprive any creature1 )\t j cause1 ( ^! necess>y ?+s1 0 a violation ( natural "r4 ,see ,l>dn]1 ,hi/4 ,portugal1 vol4 iii4 p4 #bjd4 ,we proce$ to in/ances :]e9 ! records %[ ! *ur* to h decl>$ (f5sive w>4 ,9 #acge1 8! ,flor5t9es1 ent]+ into an alliance ) ! ,visconti ( ,milan1 broke unexpect$ly into ! t]ritory ( ! ,*ur*1 made !mselves ma/]s ( sev]al cities1 demoli%$ ! /rongholds1 drove ev]y:]e out ! (fic]s ( ! pope1 & sett+ up a /&>d1 ) ! ^w #8,lib]tas' 9 capital lett]s1 enc\rag$ ! p to %ake (f ! yoke & resume _! lib]ty3 at _! in/igation1 ,bologna1 ,p]ugia1 & mo/ ( ! *ief cities 9 ! pope's dom9ions op5ly revolt$1 &1 jo9+ ! ,flor5t9es1 ei!r imprison$1 or b>b>\sly murd]$ ^? :om ! pope _h set ov] !m4 ,gregory 7,,xi47 0 no soon] in=m$ ( t g5]al revolt1 & ! unhe>d ( b>b>ities committ$ by ! ,flor5t9es1 & ^? :o _h jo9$ !m1 ?an he wrote to ! p & magi/rates ( ,flor5ce1 exhort+ !m to )draw _! troops =?) out ( ! dom9ions ( ! ,*ur*1 to =be> all fur!r ho/ilities1 to satisfy ^? :om !y _h injur$1 & revoke ! _m decrees !y _h issu$ absolutely inconsi/5t ) ! ecclesia/ical immunity z e/abli%$ by ! canons4 ,z !y paid no reg>d to ! pope's exhortations1 he summon$ ! magi/rates to appe> 9 p]son1 & ! p by _! repres5tatives1 at ! tribunal ( ! apo/olic see1 by ! la/ day ( ,m>*1 #acgf1 to answ] = _! conduct4 ,! ,flor5t9es1 f> f comply+ ) t summons1 insult$ ! pope's mess5g]s 9 ! grosse/ mann]1 &1 cont9u+ _! ho/ilities1 laid wa/e ! great] "p ( ! patrimony1 de/roy+ all be=e !m ) fire & sword4 8,gregory1 !re=e1 provok$ beyond all measure1 issu$ ! mo/ t]rible bull aga9/ !m t _h ev] yet be5 issu$ by any pope4 ,=1 by t bull1 ! magi/rates 7 all excommunicat$2 ! :ole p & e place & p]son "u _! jurisdiction 7 laid "u an int]dict4 ,all traffic1 comm]ce1 & int]c\rse ) any ( t /ate1 9 any place :atev]1 7 =bidd5 on pa9 ( excommunication4 ,_! subjects 7 absolv$ f _! allegiance2 all _! rights1 privileges1 & immunities 7 decl>$ =feit$2 _! e/ates1 real & p]sonal1 9 :at "p soev] ( ! _w1 7 giv5 away1 & decl>$ to be ! prop]ty ( ! fir/ :o %\ld seize !m1 prima occupantis2 all 7 all[$1 & ev5 exhort$ & enc\rag$1 to seize _! p]sons1 :]ev] f\nd1 z well z _! e/ates1 & r$uce !m to slav]y4 ,_! magi/rates 7 decl>$ inte/able1 & _! sons & gr&sons incapable ( succe$+ to _! pat]nal e/ates1 or to any inh]itance :atev]2 _! desc5dants1 to ! ?ird g5]ation1 7 exclud$ f all hon\rs1 dignities1 & pref]m5ts1 bo? civil & ecclesia/ic4 ,all pr9ces1 prelates1 gov]nors ( cities1 & magi/rates 7 =bidd51 on pa9 ( excommunication1 to h>b\r any ,flor5t9e1 or suff] any 9 ! places "u _! jurisdiction 9 any o!r /ate or condition ?an t ( a slave40 ,?is bull is dat$ 9 ! palace ( ,avignon1 9 "s copies ! #cj? ( ,m>*1 & 9 "s ! #bj? ( ,april1 9 ! six? ye> ( ,gregory's pontificate1 t is1 9 #acgf1 7apud ,raynald4 ad hunt ann4 num4 i4 et seq41 et ,bzovium1 num4 xv47 ,wals+ham writes1 t ^u ! publication ( ?is bull ! ,flor5t9e trad]s :o _h settl$ 9 ,engl&1 deliv]$ up all _! effects to ! k+1 & !mselves ) !m1 = 8 slaves4 ,"o ( ! au?ors ( ,gregory's life 7auctor prim vit4 ,gregor47 tells u1 t 9 all o!r c\ntries1 especially at ,avignon1 !y ab&on$ _! effects1 & return$1 be+ no :]e else safe1 to _! own c\ntry4 7,see ,b[]1 vol4 vii4 p4 #bc47 ,aga91 9 #aejh 0 conclud$ ! fam\s treaty or league ( ,cambray1 aga9/ ! republic ( ,v5ice3 t /ate _h be5 long aspir+ at ! gov]nm5t ( all ,italy4 ,! contract+ p>ties 7 ! pope1 ! emp]or1 ! k+ ( ,france1 & ! k+ ( ,spa92 & x 0 agre$ t !y %\ld ent] ! /ate ( ,v5ice on all sides2 t ea* ( !m %\ld recov] :at t republic _h tak5 f !m2 t !y %\ld !re9 assi/ "o ano!r3 & t x %\ld n be lawful = any ( ! conf$]ates to ent] into an agreem5t ) ! republic b by common cons5t4 ,! duke ( ,f]r>a1 ! m>quis ( ,mantua1 & :oev] else _h any claims ^u ! ,v5etians1 7 to be admitt$ into ?is treaty4 ,! ,v5etians _h "s suspicion ( :at 0 contriv+ aga9/ !m at ,cambray1 b !y _h no c]ta9 k ( x1 till ! pope in=m$ !m ( ! :ole4 ,= ,julius ,,ii41 7!n pope17 no less appreh5sive ( ! emp]or's p[] 9 ,italy ?an ! ,fr5* k+'s1 acqua9t$ ! ,v5etian ambassador at ,rome1 be=e he sign$ ! treaty1 ) all ! articles x conta9$1 repres5t$ to him ! dang] t 8 republic 0 ?reat5$ )1 & (f]$ n to confirm ! league1 b to />t difficulties & raise ob/acles aga9/ x1 provid$ !y only re/or$ to him ! cities ( ,rim9i & ,fa5za4 ,?is dem& appe>$ to be v reasonable to ! pope1 b x 0 reject$ by a great majority ( ! s5ate1 :5 communicat$ to !m by _! ambassador2 & ! pope !reupon confirm$ ! league by a bull1 dat$ at ,rome1 ! #bb;d ( ,m>*1 #aejh4 ,! ,v5etians1 he>+ ( ! mighty prep>ations t 7 c>ry+ on all ov] ,*ri/5dom aga9/ !m1 began to rep5t _! n hav+ compli$ ) ! pope's reque/ & by t means brok5 ! conf$]acy4 ,!y !re=e r5ew$ _! negotiations ) 8 hol9ess1 & (f]$ to re/ore to him ! city ( ,fa5za4 ,b ,julius1 in/ead ( accept+ _! (f]1 publi%$1 by way ( monitory1 a ?und]+ bull aga9/ ! republic1 summon+ !m to re/ore1 9 ! t]m ( tw5ty-f\r days1 all ! places !y _h usurp$1 belong+ to ! apo/olic see1 z well z ! pr(its !y _h reap$ f !m s9ce ! "t !y fir/ usurp$ !m4 ,if !y obey$ n ?is summons1 )9 ! limit$ "t1 n only ! city ( ,v5ice1 b all places )9 _! dom9ions1 71 ipso facto1 to incur a g5]al int]dict2 nay1 all places t %\ld receive or h>b\r a ,v5etian4 ,!y 71 besides1 decl>$ guilty ( high treason1 wor?y to be treat$ z enemies to ! ,*ri/ian "n1 & all 7 emp[]$ 8to seize on _! effects1 :]ev] f\nd1 & to enslave _! p]sons40 7,see ,guic&1 et ,onuphrius 9 vita ,julii ,,ii41 et ,raymund ad ann4 #aeji1 & ,b[]1 vol4 vii4 p4 #cgi47 ,9 #aech 0 publi%$ ! bull ( excommunication aga9/ ,h5ry ,,viii4 ,x _h be5 drawn up 9 #aece1 on ! occasion ( ! execution ( ,c>d9al ,fi%]1 bi%op ( ,ro*e/]2 _h be5 submitt$ to ! judgm5t ( ! c>d9als1 & approv$ by mo/ ( !m 9 a full consi/ory4 ,h[ev]1 ! pope1 flatt]+ himself t an accommodation ) ,engl& might /ill be br\ght ab\t1 delay$ ! publication ( x till !n1 :51 f9d+ an agreem5t ) ! k+ q desp]ate1 he publi%$ x ) ! usual solemnity1 & caus$ x to be set up on ! doors ( all ! *ief *ur*es ( ,rome4 ,by t bull ! k+ 0 depriv$ ( 8 k+dom1 8 subjects 7 n only absolv$ f _! oa?s ( allegiance1 b comm&$ to take arms aga9/ him & drive him f ! ?rone2 ! :ole k+dom 0 laid "u int]dict2 all treaties ( fri5d%ip or comm]ce ) him & 8 subjects 7 decl>$ null1 8 k+dom 0 grant$ to any :o %\ld invade x1 & all 7 all[$ 8to seize ! effects ( su* ( 8 subjects z adh]$ to him1 & enslave _! p]sons40 ,see ,burnet's ,hi/4 ( ! ,re=m4 #a4 #c4 ,pallavic9o1 #a4 #d4 ,saudeos de ,s*is4 b4 i41 & ,b[]1 vol4 vii4 p4 #ddg4 ,we ask p]mission to introduce a case on ! ,nor? ,am]ican soil1 ( some:at lat] date4 ,we allude to an act1 or law1 pass$ by ! 8,unit$ ,engli% ,colonies1 at ,new ,hav510 9 ! ye> #afdf1 & approv$ & adopt$ by a g5]al c\rt or conv5tion ( ! inhabitants ( ,w9dsor1 ,h>t=d1 & ,we!rsfield1 9 ! ye> #afej4 ,we copy f ! 8,code ( #afej10 z publi%$ by ,&rus1 & ) him reta9 ! or?ography ( t day3 8,?is c\rte hav+ duly weigh$ ! jo9t det]m9ation & agreem5t ( ! commission]s ( ! ,unit$ ,engli% ,colonyes1 at ,new ,hav51 ( anno #afdf1 9 ref]5ce to ! indians1 & judg+ x to bee bo? accord+ to rules ( prud5ce & righte\sness1 doe fully ass5t !reunto1 & ord] t x bee record$ among/ ! acts ( ?is c\rte1 & att5d$ 9 future practice1 z occasions pres5t & require2 ! said conclusion is z foll[s3 8,! commission]s s]i\sly consid]+ ! _m willful wrongs & ho/ile practices ( ! indians aga9/ ! ,engli%1 toge!r ) _! int]te9+1 protect+1 & rescu+ ( (f5d]s1 z late our exp]i5ce %ewe?1 :i* if suff]$1 ! peace ( ! colonyes _c bee secur$3 ,x is !re=e conclud$1 t 9 su* case ! magi/rates ( any ( ! jurisdictions1 may1 at ! *>ge ( ! pla9tiff1 s5d "s conv5i5t /r5g?1 & accord+ to ! nature & value ( ! (f5ce & damage1 seize & br+ away any ( t plantation ( indians t %all int]te91 protect1 or rescue ! (f5d]1 ?\gh hee %\ld bee 9 ano!r jurisdiction1 :5 ?r\gh di/ance ( place1 commission or direction cannott be _h1 aft] notice & due w>n+ giv5 !m1 z actors1 or at lea/ access>y to ! injurye & damage done to ! ,engli%3 onely wom5 & *ildr5 to be sp>+ly seiz$1 unless kn[n to bee someway guilty3 & because x w bee *>geable keep+ indians 9 prison1 & if !y %\ld escape1 !y are l to prove m insol5t & dang]\s aft]1 x 0 ?\ght fitt1 t uppon su* seizure1 ! del9qu5t1 or satisfaction bee aga9 dem&$ ( ! sagamore1 or plantation ( indians guilty or access>y1 z be=e2 & if x bee d5y$1 t !n ! magi/rate ( ?is jurisdiction1 deliv] up ! indian seiz$ by ! p>tye or p>tyes indammag$1 ei!r to s]ve or to bee %ipp$ out & ex*ang$ = neag]s1 z ! case w ju/ly be>e2 & ?\gh ! commission]s =esee t said sev]e1 ?\gh j proce$+ may provoke ! indians to an unju/ seiz+ ( "s ( ours1 yet !y c\ld n at pres5t f9d no bett] means to pres]ve ! peace ( ! colonyes2 all ! a=em5tion$ outrages & insol5sies t5d+ to an op5 w>r2 onely !y ?\ght fitt1 t be=e any su* seizure bee made 9 any plantation ( indians1 ! ensu+ decl>ation bee publi%$1 & a copye giv5 to ! p>ticul> sagamores40 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xx4 ,"u ! t]m w>1 mank9d h f "t immemorial includ$ ^? acts :i* ! m enlight5$ nations ( mod]n days h designat$ by ! "n ( piracy1 a ^w d]iv$ f ! ,greek peirao4 ,! prim>y s5se is to d>e1 to attempt1 c41 z1 to ru%1 & drive =w>d1 c42 us$ 9 a bad s5se1 z to attempt a ?+ contr>y to good morals & contr>y to law1 & n[ mo/ly appli$ to acts ( viol5ce on ! high seas1 c42 ! same acts on l& be+ call$ robb]y1 c4 ,^! acts ( viol5ce h g5]ally be5 f\nd$ on ! desire ( plund]1 & 9 all ages h be5 recognis$ z good cause ( w> aga9/ ^? nations or tribes :o upheld & practis$ !m4 ,su* piratical w> has ev] be5 consid]$ contr>y to ! laws ( ,god & repugnant to civiliz$ life2 & x may be ) ! /ricte/ tru? ass]t$ t ^? nations & tribes ( p :om ,god devot$ to de/ruction1 & also ^? ( :om he p]mitt$ ! ,jews to make slaves1 7 di/+ui%$ = su* pr$atory excursions4 ,! fir/ acc\nt we h ( any su* pr$atory w> is f\nd 9 ,g5esis4 ,true1 x is said1 !y _h be5 subject to ,*$orlaom] twelve ye>s1 & rebell$1 b ! mann] 9 :i* he & 8 allies c>ri$ on ! w> leaves suffici5t evid5ce ( its "*1 ev5 if !y _h n di/urb$ ,lot & 8 h\sehold2 & x may be well "h rem>k$1 t ! orig9al p>ties to ?is w> 7 ( ! black races2 9 fact1 prog5itors ( ! v p :o 7 d5om9at$ by ,moses z ! hea!n r\nd ab\t4 ,! second in/ance ( ?is k9d ( w>f>e we f9d c>ri$ on by ! sons ( ,jacob aga9/ ! ,hivites4 ,true1 !y pr(ess$ to be actuat$ by a _s ( rev5ge = ! di%on\r ( ,d9ah4 ,!y put all ! adult males to dea?1 made slaves ( ! wom5 & *ildr51 & possess$ !mselves ( all ! weal? ( ,%e*em1 = :i* !y 7 reprim&$ by ,jacob4 ,_! conduct ^u ?is occasion 0 9 con=mity to ! usages ( ! hea!n tribes :o knew n ,god1 &1 if p]si/$ 91 mu/ h ultimately j z necess>ily be5 fraught ) _! own de/ruction & ext9ction f ! e>?4 ,& ?is 0 no d\bt "o ( ! _m crimes t gave pro( ( _! deep degradation1 & :i* f9ally sunk !m 9 slav]y4 ,! hea!n tribes 9 all ages h ev] be5 *>act]iz$ by ?is k9d ( w>f>e1 h[ev] truly & (t5 ! m civiliz$ portions ( ! _w may h be5 obnoxi\s to simil> *>ges4 ,! doctr9e is1 t :]e su* pr$atory w> ess5tially exi/s aga9/ a p1 !y1 f9d+ no o!r effici5t rem$y1 are au?oriz$ by ! laws ( ,god to make w> a rem$y1 to repel =ce by =ce1 to de/roy & kill until !y ov]come1 &1 z ! case may be1 to subjugate & gov]n or r$uce to slav]y4 ,& ! laws ( mod]n civiliz$ nations regulat+ ! conduct ( bellig]ants are m]ely an amelioration2 b give evid5ce t su* bellig]ants are already elevat$ above ^? grades ( human life :i* look to subjugation & slav]y z ! only t]m9ation ( w>4 ,b ! condition ( man1 9 ?is high] /ate ( m5tal & religi\s improvem5t1 is none ! less gov]n$ by ! laws ( ,div9e p[]1 influ5c+ & adapt$ to 8 improv$ /ate4 ,coroll>y3 ,:5 ! "t %all come1 t all m5 %all live 9 /rict con=mity to ! laws ( ,god1 w> %all cease f ! e>?1 & slav]y be no m kn[n2 & at t "t ! ,"l w 8turn to ! p a pure language1 t !y may all call ^u ! "n ( ! ,"l10 to s]ve him ) "o cons5t4 8,!n f beyond ! riv]s ( ,e?iopia1 my suppliants1 ev5 ! daught] ( my disp]s$1 7phut7 %all br+ m9e (f]+40 ,zeph4 iii4 #i1 #aj4 ,we h h]et(ore allud$ to ! idolatr\s b>b>ians ( ! nor? ( ,europe & to _! inroads ^u ! m civiliz$ regions ( ! s\?4 ,x may be well to take "s fur!r notice ( ^! p1 to m>k ! influ5ce ( _! pr$atory w>s on ! morals ( ^? times1 & ( ! influ5ces ( ! *ur* 9 c\nt]act+ & ameliorat+ _! effect on ! "* & condition ( ! ,*ri/ian _w4 ,_! religion 0 ca/ ^u ! model ( _! savage appetite3 easily excit$ by ! love ( conque/ & plund]1 _! m9ds 7 /ill fur!r inflam$ by _! b>ds1 :o promis$ !m1 aft] dea?1 daily combats ( immortal fury1 ) glitt]+ weapons & fi]y /e$s1 9 ! imm$iate pres5ce ( _! supreme god1 ,od54 ,! w\nds ( ^! conflicts 7 to be daily wa%$ away by ! wat]s ( life4 ,congregat$ 9 ! great hall ( _! deity1 seat$ ^u ! skulls ( ^? !y _h sla9 9 battle1 !y sp5t ea* night 9 celebrat+ 9 song ! victories !y _h won1 refre%+ !mselves ) /rong dr9k out ( ! skulls on :i* !y re/$1 :ile !y fea/$ on ! *oice/ morsels ( ! victims !y _h sacrific$ to _! gods4 ,con/ant9e1 hav+ succe$$ to ! ?rone ( ! ,roman ,empire1 transf]r$ 8 c\rt to ,con/ant9ople4 ,?is1 a notable /ep 9 ! d[nfall ( ,rome1 0 foll[$ by 8 divid+ 8 dom9ions betwe5 ?ree sons & two nephews4 ,! imp]ial p[] ?us p>tition$ away1 ! nor!rn nations1 :o _h be5 subject$ to h] rule1 no long] reg>d$ ,rome z a sov]eign p[] ov] !m3 at once ! ,g]man tribes1 among :om 7 ! ,franks1 ov]ran ,gaul3 ! ,picts & ,saxons broke into ,brita91 & ! ,s>matians into ,hung>y4 ,! _s ( w> 0 let loose4 ,z e>ly z ! "t ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 scatt]$ f ! ,caucasus to ! nor?-ea/]n ,pacific1 7 num]\s tribes :om ! all-conqu]+ arm ( ,rome _h nev] rea*$4 ,cradl$ amid/ precipit\s m\nta9s1 savage & wild sc5]y1 h[l+ tempe/s or et]nal sn[s1 ! =m ( _! m9ds & ! "* ( _! religion associat$ ) ! region ( _! bir?4 ,europe has giv5 "s ( !m ! appellation1 ,v&als1 ,sueves1 ,alans1 ,sclavas1 ,go?s1 ,huns1 ,t>t>s1 & ,v5eti4 ,re/less z ! elem5ts ( _! native clime1 _! lead]s ev] %[$ !mselves /riv+ = dom9ion & ?ir/y = p[]4 ,pu%+ we/w>d1 "o ^u ! o!r1 !y became some:at amalgamat$ 9 ! nor? ( ,europe1 "u ! g5]al t]m ( ,sc&9avians1 yet receiv+ new cognom5s or reta9+ _! old z fancy or k ( !m sugge/$2 yet1 9 ! middle & s\? ( ,europe1 !y 7 z commonly kn[n by ! appellation ( ,nor?m54 ,! mo/ ( ^! p 7 emphatically w>like & savage4 ,! _w possess$ no "o p[] suffici5tly /rong to re/ra9 !m4 ,italy 0 ov]run & ,rome itself 0 captur$ by ! ,go?s1 "u ,al>ic--!n by ! ,h]ulians1 "u ,odoac]4 ,!y 9 turn 7 subdu$ by ,!odoric ! ,o/rogo?--!n by ! ,lomb>ds f ,br&5burg1 :o e/abli%$ a m p]man5t gov]nm5t4 ,b !y1 9 turn1 yield$ to ! p[] ( ! ,franks1 "u ,*>lemagne1 :o ent]$ ,rome 9 triumph1 & 0 cr[n$ ,emp]or ( ! ,we/1 z else:]e not$ by u4 ,up to ! "t ( ,*>lemagne1 ! ,nor?m5 7 excit$ to w>1 n alone by _! love ( lib]ty & a desire to ext5d _! possessions1 b also by _! hatr$ to ! ,*ri/ians & _! religion2 & 9 ! c\ntries fur!r nor?1 ?is prejudice exi/$ until a mu* lat] day4 ,b we h only "t to give an example ( ! "* ( _! inroads on ! peace & prosp]ity ( ,europe4 ,scotl& _h be5 e>ly engag$ 9 ^! conflicts4 ,9 ,june1 #gic1 ! ,nor?umbrians 7 al>m$ by a l>ge armam5t on _! coa/4 ,^! b>b>ians 7 p]mitt$ to l& )\t opposition4 ,! plund] ( ! *ur*es exce$$ _! expectations1 & _! r\te 0 m>k$ by ! mangl$ c>casses ( ! nuns1 ! monks1 & ! prie/s1 :om !y _h massacr$4 ,hi/orians h sc>cely condesc5d$ to notice ! mis=tunes ( o!r *ur*es ?an t ( ,l9desf]ne1 :i* became a prey to ^! b>b>ians3 _! impiety pollut$ ! alt>s2 _! rapacity 0 rew>d$ by its gold & silv] ornam5ts4 ,! monks endeav\r$1 by concealm5t1 to elude _! cruelty2 ! great] numb] 7 discov]$ & slaught]$4 ,if ! lives ( ! *ildr5 7 sp>$1 !y 7 sold into slav]y4 7,see ,l+>d47 ,9 #hjj1 ^! ,nor?m5 made an irruption on ! ,g]man coa/1 & c>ri$ (f plund] & captives4 ,!y %ortly visit$ ,france3 a l>ge p>ty ent]$ ! ,loire1 & fix$ p]man5t qu>t]s 9 ! isl& ( ,h]o1 & made _! incursions !nce4 ,! ,fr5* writ]s describe !m z n[ pu%+ 9 ^u _! nor!rn coa/s1 c>ry+ (f captives into slav]y & load+ _! vessels ) booty4 ,9 #hda !y ent]$ ! ,se9e1 sack$ & burn$ ! mona/]y ( ,/4 ,ou51 ( ,jumieges1 sp>$ ,font5elle = a ransom1 :]e ! monks ( ,/4 ,d5ys paid !m tw5ty-six p\nds ( silv] = sixty-eight captives4 ,= n9ete5 days !y ravag$ bo? banks ( ! riv]4 ,9 #hdc1 !y aga9 ent]$ ! ,loire1 took ,nantes1 :5 ! city 0 fill$ by ! inhabitants ( ! neighb\r+ c\ntry1 celebrat+ ! fe/ival ( ,/4 ,john1 :o retir$ ) ! bi%op & cl]gy to ! ca!dral4 ,! gates 7 soon bur/ op51 & a g5]al slaught] ensu$3 load$ ) booty & captives1 !y retir$ to _! %ips4 ,9 #hdd1 !y sail$ up ! ,g>onne1 pillag$ ,t\l\se1 made an attempt on ,gallicia 9 ,spa91 b 7 repell$ by ! ,s>ac5s4 ,9 #hde1 ,ragn] ,lodbroy1 "o ( _! sea-k+s1 ent]$ ! ,se9e ) tw5ty-six %ips1 & spread con/]nation ?r\gh ! l&1 leav+1 9 _! re>1 ,*ri/ians hang+ on trees1 /akes1 & ev5 9 _! h\ses4 ,!y ent]$ ,p>is1 :5 ,*>les ! ,bald1 by ! advice ( 8 lords1 paid !m sev5 ?\s& p\nds ( silv]1 & !y swore by _! gods to nev] re-ent] 8 k+dom except by 8 invitation4 ,!y ravag$ ! seacoa/ on _! return homew>d1 & 7 wreck$ on ! %ores ( ,nor?umbria1 :]e ,ragn] & ! survivors recomm5c$ to plund]4 ,!y 7 attack$ by ,aella1 & ,ragn] sla94 ,b a =midable fleet1 "u ! comm& ( ,ragn]'s sons1 0 soon on ! coa/ ( ! ,ea/ ,angles1 & m>k$ _! advances to ,nor?umbria 9 l9es ( blood & ru94 ,aella fell into _! h&s1 & 0 put to dea? ) untold torture4 ,?is incursion ( ,ragn] is notic$ by ,voltaire1 :o says t ,*>les ! ,bald paid him f\rte5 ?\s& m>ks 9 gold to retire f ,france1 & adds1 9 8 8,g5]al ,hi/ory ( ,europe10 su* paym5ts to ! ,nor?m5 only induc$ !m to cont9ue ^! piratical incursions4 ,t ^! w>s 7 mo/ /rictly piratical1 n und]tak5 = ! good ( mank9d1 b = plund] alone1 we beg "h to introduce "s pro( f ! e>ly writ]s4 ,adam ( ,brem51 :o1 ab\t ! ye> #ajhj1 wrote 8 "w entitl$1 8,de ,situ ,danae et ,reliqu>um1 ,sept5trionalium10 says ( ! city ( 8,lund510 9 ! isl& ,s*n5--8,x is a city 9 :i* !re is mu* gold1 :i* is procur$ by ^? incursions on ! b>b>\s nations on ! %ores ( ! ,baltic ,sea1 :i* are tol]at$ & enc\rag$ by ! k+ ( ,d5m>k on acc\nt ( ! tribute he draws f !m40 ,9 pro( t ,voltaire's e/imate ( ! influ5ce ( su* paym5ts to ^! nor!rn pirates 0 j1 we adv]t to _! inroads on ,e!lr$4 ,soon aft] he asc5d$ ! ?rone1 he 0 invad$ by ,sweyn1 by "s call$ ,sitric1 & ,olave1 & paid !m sixte5 ?\s& p\nds4 ,t5 ye>s aft]1 he 0 =c$ to pay ^! ,nor?m5 ?irty ?\s& p\nds1 & !n1 at ! expiration ( only f\r ye>s1 =ty ?\s& p\nds m2 ea* "t ! ,nor?m5 swe>+ by _! gods to nev] tr\ble ! c\ntry aga94 ,yet1 twelve ye>s aft] ! la/ paym5t1 ! cr[n & ?rone 7 transf]r$ to ,canute4 ,we h an anonym\s ,lat9 au?or1 a contempor>y ( ,canute1 :o in=ms u to :at use ^! pirate lords appli$ ! va/ sums ?us procur$4 ,! book is entitl$1 8,emm ,anglorum ,reg9 ,encomium10--,! ,encomium ( ,emma1 ! ,que5 ( ,engl&4 ,%e 0 ! wife ( ,canute4 ,page #aff1 ! au?or1 describ+ ! ,dani% %ips1 says--8,on ! /]n ( ! %ips1 lions ( molt5 gold 7 to be se53 on ! ma/-heads 7 ei!r birds1 ^: turn+ %[$ ! *ange ( ! w9d1 or dragons ( v>i\s =ms1 :i* ?reat5$ to brea! out fire4 ,!re 7 to be se5 human figures look+ l life1 glitt]+ ) gold & silv]2 dolph9s ( preci\s metals1 & c5taurs t br\ght to m9d ! anci5t fables4 ,b h[ %all ,i describe ! sides ( ! %ips1 :i* swell$ out ) gold & silv] ornam5ts6 ,b ! royal %ip exce$$ all ! re/ z f> z ! k+ 9 appe>ance exce$$ ! common soldi]s or p40 ,?is au?or1 9 ! second book1 describ+ ! l&+ ( ! ,danes1 repeats & says--8,! %ips 7 s spl5did t !y seem$ a flame ( fire1 & bl9d$ ! eyes ( ! behold]s2 ! gold flam$ on ! sides1 & silv]-"w 0 m+l$ ) x4 ,:o c\ld look ^u ! lions ( gold8 ,:o on ! human figures ( electrum1 7a mixture ( gold & silv]17 _! faces ( pure gold8 ,:o on ! dragons1 gleam+ ) brilliant gold8 ,:o c\ld look on ! c>v$ ox51 t ?reat5$ dea? ) _! gold5 horns8 ,:o c\ld look on all ^! ?+s & n fe> a k+ possess$ ( s great p[]80 ,jacobs's 8,inquiry into ! ,preci\s ,metals0 attributes ! accumulation ( gold & silv]1 ( :i* we h se5 a specim5 among ^! nor!rn b>b>ians1 to ! piracies ( ^! p4 ,helmodus1 9 8 ,sclavonic ,*ronicles1 7,*ronican ,sclavicum17 lib4 iii41 says ! p ( ,d5m>k ab\nd$ 9 all ri*es1 ! weal?y be+ clo!d 9 all sorts ( sc>let1 9 purple & f9e l951 7nunc non salum sc>latica v>io grisio1 s$ purpurea et bysso induntur27 & he fur!r adds1 8t ?is weal? is drawn f ! h]r+-fi%]y at ! isl& ( ,s*n51 :i!r trad]s ( all nations resort+1 br+ ) !m gold1 silv]1 & o!r commodities1 = pur*as+ fi%40 ,! fact 01 t isl& became a place ( great resort by ^! pirates = supplies4 ,b we return to sket* ^! piracies3--,9 ab\t ! ye> #hdf1 an imm5se body ( ,sc&9avians asc5d$ ! ,elbe ) six hundr$ vessels "u _! k+ ,roric4 ,hamburg 0 burn$2 !y !n p\r$ d[n ^u ,saxony2 b1 hav+ met ) a defeat1 & j !n le>n+ ! fate ( ,ragn]1 s5t mess5g]s to ,l\is1 k+ ( ,g]many1 su$ = peace1 & 7 p]mitt$ to retire f ! c\ntry ^u _! giv+ up _! plund] & releas+ _! captives4 ,aft] leav+ ! ,elbe1 ,roric w5t to ! ,rh9e & ! ,s*eldt1 de/roy$ all ! mona/]ies z f> z ,gh5t1 & ! ,emp]or ,lo?aire1 unable to subdue him1 receiv$ him z 8 vassal & gave him a l>ge t]ritory4 ,9 #hej1 ,godfrey1 ano!r *iefta91 repuls$ 9 an attack on ,engl&1 sail$ up ! ,se9e1 &1 aft] "s successes1 obta9$ f ,k+ ,*>les a p]man5t location & t]ritory ab\t ,beauvais4 ,9 #hef1 ne>ly all ! coa/ ( ,france1 & to ! int]ior z f> z ,orleans1 0 ov]run4 ,! *ur*es 7 plund]$1 & captives c>ri$ away & enslav$4 ,9 ,fl&]s1 all ! *ief m5 & prelates 7 ei!r sla9 or 9 slav]y4 ,^! pirates circumnavigat$ ,spa91 amalgamat$ ) ! ,moors ( ,africa2 "s ent]$ ! ,gulf ( ,lyons1 & committ$ depr$ations 9 ,prov5ce & ,italy4 ,all notions ( peace1 ( ju/ice1 7 wa/+ away1 & ! laws ( ! mon>*s & ! canons ( ! c\ncils began to exhibit ! ru9s ( morality4 ,9 #hfa1 ! ,se9e is aga9 infe/$1 & ,p>is t]rifi$4 ,9 #hhc1 !y p\r$ !mselves on bo? sides ( ! ,rh9e1 z high z ,cobl5tz1 :]e ! ,emp]or ,*>les made a treaty ) ,godfrey & gave him ! du*y ( ,friesl&4 ,france 0 s mu* ov]run by ! pagans1 t ?\s&s ( ,*ri/ians1 to escape dea? or bondage1 publicly r5\nc$ _! religion & embrac$ ! pagan rites2 & n long aft]1 ,rollo1 ! gr&fa!r ( ,william ! ,conqu]or1 at ! head ( 8 ,sc&9avian b&s1 took possession & held ! duk$om ( ,norm&y1 & =c$ ,*>les ! ,simple to be/[ him ,gisla 8 daught] 9 m>riage4 ,9 ,engl&1 ,alfr$1 plac+ himself at ! head ( 8 fai?ful foll[]s1 subdu$ ! ,danes1 :o _h ov]run 8 k+dom2 & _m ( !m1 embrac+ ! ,*ri/ian religion1 7 adopt$ z subjects ( ! realm4 ,9 #hic1 a fleet ( ?ree hundr$ & ?irty sail r5dezv\s$ at ,b\logne1 "u ! comm& ( ,ha/+s1 = ! av[$ purpose ( conqu]+ = himself a k+dom 9 ,brita94 ,?ree ye>s he cont5d$ aga9/ ,alfr$1 :o ev5tually subdu$ him1 b re/or$ to him all ! captives ^u 8 promise to leave ! isl& = ev]4 ,nor did ,irel& escape ! ravages ( ! ,nor?m54 ,9 #ghc1 !y l&$ 9 ! extreme nor? ( ! isl&1 & burn$ ! t[n & abbey ( ,d]e ,columb-kill1 ! ,londond]ry ( m mod]n times4 ,"h ! ,hydah]-teagh1 ! *iefs ( ! oak habitations1 7! ,o',d\gh]ty's ( a latt] day17 secur$ ! record ( _! "n 9 ! 8,book ( ,h[?40 ,b "h ! ,tua?a ,de ,danaan1 ! ,d>nii ( ,ptolemy1 wa%$ out ev5 ! hi/ory ( _! race 9 ! blood ( battle4 ,9 #gij1 ! ,danes made a g5]al assault ^u ?is devot$ isl&3 9 #gig1 wa/$ ! isl& ( ,ragul91 deva/at$ ,holm ,patrick1 & c>ri$ away captives1 among :om 0 ! si/] ( ,/4 ,f9dan1 &1 %ortly aft]1 ! sa9t himself4 ,9 #hjb1 !y burn$ ! mona/]y ( ,hy3 9 #hjg1 de/roy$ ,roscommon1 ravag$ ! c\ntry1 & made captives & slaves4 ,9 #hab1 !y aga9 burn$ ,londond]ry & its abbey2 massacr$ ! /ud5ts & ! cl]gy2 nor did !y relax _! attacks ^u ! nor? ( ! isl& until1 tw5ty ye>s aft]1 !y 7 driv5 f ! place by ,neil ,calne1 ) mo/ incr$ible slaught]4 ,b yet ! :ole isl& 0 infe/$ by ^! nor!rn m>aud]s4 ,9 #hab1 ! ,iri% made a m det]m9$ resi/ance1 & ! ,nor?m51 aft] ?ree defeats1 escap$ f ! isl&4 ,b1 9 #hag1 ,turgesius1 ) a l>ge =ce1 ov]ran a l>ge portion ( ! isl&1 & a l>ge portion ( ! cl]gy1 monks1 & nuns 7 massacr$1 & _m ( ! inhabitants tak5 into captivity4 ,9 #hcg1 two l>ge additional fleets arriv$2 "o ent]$ ! ,boyne1 & ! o!r ! ,liffy4 ,! masses :i* !y p\r$ ^u ! c\ntry spread 9 all directions1 committ+ e k9d ( excess4 ,9 #hdh1 ,ol*obair ,mc,kinde1 k+ ( ,mun/]1 unit+ 8 troops ) ^? ( ,dorcan1 k+ ( ,le9/]1 0 enc\rag$ by a succession ( victories ov] ! pagans2 yet ! ar*bi%op ( ,armagh & sev5 hundr$ ( 8 c\ntrym5 7 made captive1 & s5t by ,turgesius to ,lim]ick z slaves4 ,b ,melsea*l91 k+ ( ,irel&1 defeat$ ,turgesius & put him to dea?4 ,! ,iri% n[ arose on e side & drove ! b>b>ians f ! c\ntry4 ,b yet1 9 #hej1 ,dubl9 0 invad$ by a b& ( ,nor?m51 :om ! ,iri% d5om9at$ ,f9-gal1 or :ite /rang]s1 & by ano!r body1 call$ ,dubh-gal1 or black /rang]s1 :o took possession ( ,le9/] & ,ul/]1 & ravag$ ! c\ntry4 ,9 #hec1 a sea-k+1 nam$ ,amlave1 ,auliffe1 or ,olave1 f ,norway1 ) two bro!rs1 ,sitric & ,ivor1 ) l>ge additional =ces1 arriv$1 & 0 ackn[l$g$ *ief ( all ! ,nor?m5 9 ! isl&s4 ,he took possession ( ,dubl91 ,lim]ick1 & ,wat]=d1 :i* he enl>g$ & improv$1 z if _! possession 0 to be p]petual4 ,b w> n only rag$ betwe5 !m & ! ,iri%1 b ! ,iri% & ,danes 7 9 p]petual conflict1 diff]5t p>ties ( ,danes ) "o ano!r1 & discord & /rife 7 con/ant among ! ,iri% !mselves4 ,c>nage & blood%$1 captivity & slav]y ev]y:]e cov]$ ! isl&4 ,9 #hfj1 ,melsea*l91 ! k+1 defeat$ ,auliffe ) great slaught]2 b1 recov]+ /r5g?1 he plund]$ & burn$ ,armagh1 & took a l>ge numb] ( captives1 :o 7 s5t away = slaves4 ,9 #hhd1 ,kild>e 0 plund]$1 & m ?an #cjj s5t away = slaves4 ,9 #hib1 ,armagh 0 aga9 captur$1 & #hjj captives s5t to ! %ips4 ,b1 9 quick succession1 ,c>rol1 ) ,le9/] =ces1 & ,aloal ,f9ia1 ) ! m5 ( ,bregh1 defeat$ ! ,danes & retook ,dubl91 :ile 9 o!r p>ts ( ! isl& ! ,nor?m5 suff]$ great rev]ses2 b 9 #iad we f9d !m aga9 return$ & 9 possession ( ,dubl9 & ,wat]=d1 b quickly put to ! sword by ! ,iri%4 ,ano!r division succe$$ to plund] ,cork1 ,lismore1 & ,aghadoe2 &1 9 #iaf1 7 aga9 9 ,dubl91 ravag$ ,le9/]1 & kill$ ,olioll1 ! k+4 ,9 #iai1 !y 7 attack$ ne> ,dubl9 by ,niell ,glunndubh1 k+ ( ,irel&4 ,_! resi/ance 0 desp]ate1 "u ! comm& ( ! *iefs ,ivor & ,sitric3 "h fell ! ,iri% mon>*1 ! *oice nobility1 & ! fl[] ( ! army4 ,don\gh rev5g$ ! dea? ( ! k+1 8 fa!r1 & ! b>b>ians 7 aga9 signally defeat$2 b we f9d !m1 9 #iba1 "u ! comm& ( ,godfrey1 _! k+1 9 possession ( ,dubl91 m>*+ to & plund]+ ,armagh1 &1 = ! fir/ "t1 sp>+ ! *ur*es & ! (ficiat+ cl]gy4 ,a pr$atory w>1 )\t decisive enc\nt]s1 0 cont9u$ = m ?an tw5ty ye>s1 :5 !y suff]$ two sev]e defeats f ,c\gall ,,ii1 9 :i* _! k+1 ,blac>1 & ! mo/ ( 8 army 7 sla94 ,9----b ! m9d sick5s1 tires at ^! recitals2 a :ole army is swept away1 &1 z if ! ocean p\r$ twice its numb]s on %ore1 :ole c5turies gave no relief4 ,9 %ort1 we h a cont9uation ( ^! sc5es ( piratical w>1 until ! p[] & _s ( ?is re/less race ( ! ,nor?m5 7 brok5 at ,clont>f1 ne> ,dubl91 on ! #bc;d ( ,april1 #ajad1 :]e !y suff]$ an irrecov]able defeat f ! ,iri%1 "u ! comm& ( ,brian ,boroimhe4 ,irel& did well to rejoice 9 ! p]fect ov]?r[ ( ^! ru?less invad]s2 b "h fell ,brian1 :om n9ety w9t]s _h only n]v$ = ! conflict4 ,"h fell 8 son ,morogh1 & 8 gr&son ,turlogh1 p]sonifications ( ! rage ( battle2 "h fell a num]\s1 almo/ ! entire1 nobility2 "h fell ,irel&'s valiant w>riors 9 unnumb]$ heaps4 ,! voice ( ,irel& is yet sometimes he>d1 b x is ! voice ( a brok5 he>t2 ( compla9t1 ( weakness1 ( weep+1 & sadness4 ,9 a review ( ^! times & ^? t foll[$1 ! provid5ce ( ,god may be trac$ by its f9al developm5t4 ,:]e no m]cy 01 x is infus$ by hope ( ga92 & ! savage & ! captur$ slave are l$ to an equal elevation 9 ! s]vice ( ! alt> ( ! ,god ,jehovah4 ,! sacrifice ( ! ,lamb is sub/itut$ = ! victim ( w> 9 ! woods ( ,wod52 :ile ! pr\d fla%es ( ! cresc5t ( ,islam became dim be=e ! cont9u$ ray ( ! ,/> ( ,be?lehem4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xxi4 ,! condition ( ! slave1 ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ,europe1 0 att5d$ ) "s circum/ances ( great simil>ity4 ,! slaves 7 g5]ally ( ! same nation1 tribe1 & p1 :o =m$ a con/itu5t portion ( ! free population ( ! c\ntry :]e !y 71 & always ( ! same col\r & race4 ,ev5 ! ,sclavonians1 on ! cont95t1 =m$ no exception 9 ! m nor!rn p>ts ( ,europe4 ,9 %ort1 slav]y1 z x exi/$ 9 ,europe1 0 only 9 a v few in/ances 9 ! s\? m>k$ by any radical di/9ction ( race3 consequ5tly1 ! condition ( ! slave c\ld nev] be z p]man5t & fix$ z x ev] mu/ be :]e /rong di/9ctions ( race m>k ! b\nd>ies betwe5 bondage & fre$om--al?\gh (t5 f> m cruel4 ,! disgrace ( ! free1 f an amalgamation ) ! slaves1 did n proce$ f any consid]ation z to race1 b m]ely f ! condition ( ! slave--m po9t$1 b some:at analog\s to ! disgrace among ! m elevat$ & weal?y1 aris+ f an int]m>riage ) ! ignorant1 degrad$1 or poor4 ,influ5c$ by su* a /ate ( facts1 ! p>ticul>s ( 8 condition 7 liable to con/ant *ange1 z affect$ by accid5t1 ! good or ill conduct ( ! individual slave1 ! s5se ( ju/ice1 p>tiality1 fancy1 or ! wants & condition ( ! ma/]2 nor ne$$ x ! tal5t ( deep prophecy to h =etold t su* a /ate ( slav]y mu/ ultimately ev5tuate 9 fre$om f bondage4 ,a description ( ! slaves ( ,brita9 w give a g5]al view ( ^? ( ! cont95t1 = :i* we ref] to ,dr4 ,l+>d4 ,! classes ^: mann]s h be5 h]et(ore describ$ con/itut$ ! ,anglo-,saxon nation4 ,!y alone 7 possess$ ( lib]ty1 or p[]1 or prop]ty4 ,b !y =m$ b a small "p ( ! population1 ( :i* n less ?an two-?irds exi/$ 9 a /ate ( slav]y4 ,all ! fir/ adv5tur]s 7 freem52 b 9 ! c\rse ( _! conque/s1 made a great numb] ( slaves4 ,! po/]ity ( ^! m5 inh]it$ ! lot ( _! fa!rs1 & _! numb] 0 cont9ually increas$ by freeborn ,saxons1 :o _h be5 r$uc$ to ! same condition by debt1 or made captives 9 w>1 or depriv$ ( lib]ty 9 puni%m5t ( _! crimes1 or _h volunt>ily surr5d]$ x to escape ! horrors ( want4 ,! c]emony ( ! degradation & enslavem5t ( a freeman 0 p]=m$ be=e a compet5t numb] ( witnesses4 8,! unhappy man laid on ! gr\nd 8 sword & 8 lance1 ! symbols ( ! free1 took up ! bill & ! goad1 ! implem5ts ( slav]y1 & fall+ on 8 knees1 plac$ 8 head1 9 tok5 ( submission1 "u ! h&s ( 8 ma/]40 ,all slaves 7 n1 h[ev]1 numb]$ 9 ! same class4 ,9 ! m anci5t laws we f9d ! esne di/+ui%$ f ! ![2 & read ( female slaves ( ! fir/1 ! second1 & ?ird rank4 ,9 lat] enactm5ts we meet ) bord]s1 cocksets1 p>dd+s1 & o!r b>b>\s d5om9ations1 ( :i*1 7 x easy1 x w\ld be useless to inve/igate ! mean+4 ,! mo/ num]\s class consi/$ ( ^? :o liv$ on ! l& ( _! "l1 ne> to 8 mansion1 call$ 9 ,saxon 8 tune--9 ,lat91 8 villa4 ,f ! latt] ^w !y 7 by ! ,normans d5om9at$ ville9s1 :ile ! collection ( cottages 9 :i* !y dwelt acquir$ ! "n ( village4 ,_! respective s]vices 7 orig9ally allott$ to !m accord+ to ! pleasure ( _! proprietor4 ,"s till$ 8 l&s1 o!rs ex]cis$ = him ! trades to :i* !y _h be5 educat$4 ,9 return1 !y receiv$ c]ta9 portions ( l&1 ) o!r p]quisites1 = ! support ( !mselves & _! families4 ,b all 7 alike depriv$ ( ! privileges ( freem54 ,!y 7 =bidd5 to c>ry arms4 ,_! p]sons1 families1 & goods ( e description 7 ! prop]ty ( _! "l4 ,he c\ld dispose ( !m z he pleas$1 ei!r by gift or sale3 he c\ld annex !m to ! soil1 or remove !m f x3 he c\ld transf] !m ) x to a new proprietor1 or leave !m by w to 8 heirs4 ,out ( ! hundr$s ( in/ances pres]v$ by our anci5t writ]s1 "o may be suffici5t4 ,9 ! *>t] by :i* ,h>old ( ,buck5hole gives 8 manor ( ,spauld+ to ! abbey ( ,croyl&1 he enum]ates among its app5dages ,colgr91 8 bailiff1 ,h>d+1 8 smi?1 ,lef/an1 8 c>p5t]1 ,el/an1 8 fi%]man1 ,osmund1 8 mill]1 & n9e o!rs1 :o probably 7 8 husb&m52 & ^! ) _! wives & *ildr54 ,:]ev] slaves h be5 num]\s1 & ( ! same race z ! ma/]1 ?is v>iety 9 _! condition has always foll[$4 ,see ! /atem5t ( ,muratori conc]n+ ! ,roman slaves2 also ! laws ( ,*>lemagne conc]n+ ^? ( ! ,lomb>ds & ,go?s4 ,^! records are pro( t slav]y1 accompani$ ) su* facts1 is always 9 ! act ( we>+ out4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xxii4 ,all hi/orians agree t ! ,sclavonians1 :o at an e>ly age made _! appe>ance on ! nor?-ea/]n bord]s ( ,europe1 came1 a c\ntless multitude1 p\r+ d[n ^u ^? c\ntries f ! middle regions ( ,asia4 ,! precise place f :i* !y orig9at$1 ! causes ( su* emigration1 & ! successive impulses t pu%$ !m we/w>d1 h n[1 = c5turies1 be5 buri$ b5ea? ! rubbi% ( ! emigrants !mselves & ! g5]al ignorance t ov]spread ! ev5ts ( t age4 ,b !re are "s facts t assign to !m a place among ! ,h9doo tribes4 ,brez[ski1 speak+ ! ,sclavonic ( 8 day1 9 8 travels ea/w>d1 0 enabl$ to und]/& ! language ( ! c\ntry z f> ea/ z ,co*9-,*9a2 & s*ol>s ( ! pres5t day f9d num]\s ,indian roots 9 ?is language4 ,a simil>ity ( religi\s rites is to be notic$ betwe5 ! anci5t ,sclavonians & ! ,h9doos4 ,!y burn$ _! dead1 & wives asc5d$ ! fun]al piles ( _! husb&s4 ,_! pr9cipal gods 7 ,bog1 & ,seva1 8 wife4 ,!y wor%ipp$ good spirits call$ ,belbog1 & bad spirits call$ ,cz>nebog4 ,^! hordes ov]spread ! c\ntries f ! ,black ,sea to ! ,icy ,ocean2 &1 9 _! turn1 7 =c$ we/w>d by simil> hordes ( ,w5ds1 ,v5eti1 ,antes1 ,go?s1 & ,huns4 ,?us attack$ & pu%$ 9 ! re>1 !y p\r$ !mselves ^u ! inhabitants ( ! m we/]n regions1 :o1 m w>like1 & ) sup]ior arms1 put !m to dea? by ?\s&s1 until ! e>? 0 cov]$ ) ! sla94 ,?us flee+ f dea?1 !y met x 9 front1 until ! nations !n occupy+ ! nor? & ea/ ( ,europe1 satiat$ & sick5$ by _! slaught]1 seiz$ ^u _! p]sons z slaves1 & conv]t$ !m into bea/s ( burd54 ,_! numb]s exce$+ e possible use1 ! captors export$ !m to adjo9+ c\ntries z an article ( traffic2 & ! ,v5etians1 be+ !n a comm]cial p1 enri*$ !mselves by ?is traffic = _m ye>s4 ,all cont95tal ,europe 0 ?us fill$ by ?is race1 f ! ,adriatic to ! ,nor!rn ,ocean4 ,?us _! national appellation became ?r\gh ,europe ! significant t]m = a man 9 bondage2 & al?\gh 9 _! own language _! "n signifi$ fame & di/9ction1 yet 9 all ! _w besides1 x has sup]s$$ ! ,hebrew1 ! ,greek1 & ,roman t]ms1 to signify ! condition ( man 9 s]vitude4 ,?us ! ,dut* & ,belgians say slaaf2 ,g]mans1 sclave2 ,danes1 slave & sclave2 ,sw$es1 slaf2 ,fr5*1 esclave2 ! ,celtic ,fr5*1 c41 sclaff2 ,italians1 s*iavo2 ,spani%1 esclavo2 ,portuguese1 escravo2 ,gaelic1 slabhadh2 & ! ,engli%1 slave4 ,nor 0 ?is signification inappropriate to _! native condition4 ,= ^! c\ntless hordes 7 ! absolute prop]ty ( _! lead]s or k+s1 :o 7 h]$it>y among !m1--z 01 also1 _! condition ( bondage4 ,! ,romans call$ _! language ,s]vian1 f ! ,roman ^w s]vus1 a bond-man2 & f ! same cause1 also1 a di/rict ( c\ntry l[ d[n on ! ,danube1 ,s]via1 :i* "n x reta9s to ?is day4 ,?is c\ntry belongs to ,turkey1 f :5ce !y took ! "n s]f4 ,?is t]m has be5 borr[$ f !nce1 by ! ,sclavonic ,russians1 to signify a man 9 bondage4 ,! :ole numb] ( _! desc5dants is n[ e/imat$ at #ajj1jjj1jjj2 & not)/&+ _! amalgamation has id5tifi$ !m ) ! nations ) :om !y 7 ?us int]m+l$1 yet a ?\s& ye>s h n end$ _! condition ( bondage 9 ,russia1 & #dj1jjj1jjj are acc\nt$ only z an approximation to ! numb] t /ill rema9 9 s]vitude 9 ! nor? ( ,europe & ,asia4 8,! unque/ionable evid5ce ( language10 says ! au?or ( ! ,decl9e & ,fall1 8atte/s ! desc5t ( ! ,bulg>ians f ! orig9al /ock ( ! ,sclavonian1 or m prop]ly ,slavonian1 race2 & ! k9dr$ b&s ( ,s]vians1 ,bosnians1 ,rascians1 ,croatians1 ,wala*ians1 foll[$ ei!r ! /&>d or example ( ! lead+ tribes1 f ! ,eux9e to ! ,adriatic1 9 ! /ate ( captives1 or subjects1 or allies1 or enemies2 9 ! ,greek empire1 !y ov]spread ! l&3 & ! national appellation ( ! ,,slaves has be5 degrad$ by *ance or malice f ! signification ( glory to t ( s]vitude4 ,*alcocondyles1 a compet5t judge1 affirms ! id5tity ( ! language ( ! ,dalmatians1 ,bosnians1 ,s]vians1 ,bulg>ians1 ,poles1 7,de ,rebus ,turcitis1 #a4 x4 p4 #bhc17 & else:]e ( ! ,bohemians1 7#a4 ii4 p4 #ch47 ,! same au?or has m>k$ ! sep>ate idiom ( ! ,hung>ians4 ,see ! "w ( ,john ,*ri/oph] de ,jordan1 ,de ,orig9ibus ,sclavicis1 ,v9dobon1 #agde1 9 f\r p>ts4 ,jordan subscribes to ! well-kn[n & probable d]ivation f slava1 laus1 gloria1 a ^w ( famili> use 9 ! diff]5t dialects & p>ts ( spee*1 & :i* =ms ! t]m9ation ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s names4 ,de ,orig9ibus ,sclavicis1 "p i4 p4 #dj1 "p iv4 p4 #aja1 #ajb4 ,?is conv]sion ( a national into an appellative "n appe>s to h aris5 9 ! eigh? c5tury1 9 ! ori5tal ,france1 :]e ! pr9ces & bi%ops 7 ri* 9 ,sclavonian captives1 n ( ! ,bohemian 7exclaims ,jordan7 b ( ,sorabian race4 ,f !nce ! ^w 0 ext5d$ to g5]al use1 to ! mod]n languages1 & ev5 to ! /yle ( ! la/ ,byzant9es4 7,see ! ,greek & ,lat9 ,gloss>ies ( ,ducange2 also ,gibbon's ,decl9e & ,fall ( ! ,roman ,empire1 vol4 iv4 p4 #ch47 ,! ,moors1 ) :om ! e>ly ,*ri/ians 9 ! s\? ( ,europe _h s _m & frequ5t cont5tions1 at ?is day diff] f all ! o!r ,african races1 9 _! physical & m5tal developm5t2--9 p]son1 black1 ) ! /raight hair ( ! ,arab1 :om !y exce$ 9 /ature & intellect4 ,! ,arabs are admitt$ to be an amalgamation ( ! desc5dants ( ,%em1 ( ,canaan1 & ,misra94 ,into ! p>ticul>s ( _! admixture1 x w be z useless to inquire z x w\ld be into ! pat]nity ( ! goats on _! m\nta9s4 ,! ,moors1 accord+ to ,k+ ,hiempsal's ,hi/ory ( ,africa1 z relat$ by ,sallu/1 are desc5d$ f an admixture ( ,m$es1 ,p]sians1 & ,arm5ians ) ! ,libyans & ,gtulians1 ! orig9al occupants ( ! c\ntry4 ,8 /atem5t is1 t ,h]cules l$ a l>ge army ( ! p to conqu] new & unkn[n c\ntries2 t aft] 8 dea? 9 ,spa91 x became a het]og5e\s mass1 made up ( a great numb] ( nations1 among :om 7 _m ambiti\s *iefs1 ea* "o aspir+ to rule2 t a portion ( ?is mass1 mo/ly ( ,japhanese desc5t1 pass$ ov] to ,africa & seiz$ on ! %ores ( ! ,m$it]ranean2 t _! %ips1 be+ haul$ a%ore1 7 us$ = %elt]2 t ! ,p]sians among !m pass$ on to ! int]ior1 & m+l$ ) ! ,gtulians1 & 9 aft] times 7 kn[n z ,numidians1--:]eas ^? :o rema9$ ^u ! coa/ int]m>ri$ ) ,libyans1 & 9 c\rse ( "t1 by a corruption ( _! language1 ,m$i1 9 ! b>b>\s dialect ( ,libya1 became ,mauri--n[ ,moor4 ,to ! =ego+1 dige/$ f ,hiempsal1 z giv5 by ,sallu/1 we may add3--,to ?is amalgamation 0 also adjo9$1 f "t to "t1 l>ge p>ties ( adv5tur]s f ! ,hebrews1 ,greeks1 ,romans1 & f almo/ e "p ( ,europe1 :i* 7 all absorb$ by ! native masses2 & betwe5 ! ye>s #hej & #hfj1 l>ge masses ( ! ,sc&9avian hordes 7 also absorb$ into ?is g5]al amalgam ( ! races ( man4 ,! in/ances ( slav]y1 & ! laws & cu/oms ( ! *ur* regulat+ x1 z pres5t$ 9 ?is /udy1 ) few exceptions1 h po9t$ to ! case :]e ! :ite races h be5 enslav$ or h enslav$ "o ano!r2 :]e no /rongly m>k$ physical imp$im5t has br&$ amalgamation ) det]ioration & moral disgu/2 nor is x ?\ght necess>y to pres5t an argum5t to prove t1 "u su* a /ate ( facts1 ! condition ( ,europe at ! pres5t mom5t is 9 /rict con=mity ) ! result produc$ by ! un*angeable laws ( ,god t\*+ ! subject4 ,god always smiles ^u ! /rong desire ( moral & physical improvem5t4 ,_h ,europe rema9$ "u det]iorat+ influ5ces :i* det]m9$ h] moral & physical condition two ?\s& ye>s ago1 h] condition z to slav]y c\ld n h *ang$4 ,nor is x se5 t %e is yet 9 s highly fav\r$ a condition z to call ^u h] ! provid5ce ( ,god1 *>g+ h] ) ! pupilage ( ! backslidd5 nations ( ! e>?4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xxiii4 ,x has be5 h]et(ore rem>k$ t ! great mass ( ! ,african tribes are slaves 9 _! own c\ntry1--t slav]y !re subjects !m to dea? at ! w ( ! ma/]1 to sacrifice 9 ! wor%ip ( _! gods1 & to all ! evils ( cannibalism2 & yet x has be5 se5 t ev5 su* slav]y is a m protect$ /ate ?an w\ld be a /ate ( fre$om ) _! religion1 & o!r moral & physical qualities4 ,hi/ory po9ts n to ! "t :5 _! pres5t condition did n exi/1 nor to ! "t :5 _! removal1 9 a /ate ( slav]y1 to ! pagan nations ( ,asia comm5c$4 ,^u ! adoption ( ,mohamm$anism !re1 we f9d ! black tribes ( ,africa succe$+ to !m 9 a /ate ( slav]y2 & we also f9d1 & hi/ory w support ! ass]tion1 t 9 "s proportion z ! slav]y ( ^! tribes 0 adopt$ by ,*ri/ian nations1 x 0 dim9i%$ among ! ,mohamm$ans2 & also1 t z ! slave-trade ) ,africa 0 aboli%$ by ! ,*ri/ians1 x 0 increas$ !re2 & also1 t 9 ! proportion x has be5 ext5d$ among bo? or ei!r ( ^! cre$s ( religion abroad1 x has be5 inv>iably ameliorat$ at home4 ,! causes ( ?is /ate ( facts seem to h be5 ^!3--,! ,african slave-own] f\nd 8 b>ga9 ) ! ,*ri/ian trad] m pr(itable ?an ) ! ,mohamm$an4 ,he receiv$ m value1 & 9 mat]ials m desir$ by him3 ! lab\r ( ! slave 0 ( m value 9 ,am]ica ?an ,asia2 & ! transportation to ! place ( de/9ation 0 att5d$ ) less cruelty & h>d%ip by sea ?an by l&4 ,! slave ( ! ,african own] 0 increas$ 9 value beyond any native use to :i* he c\ld be appli$1 by reason ( bo? or ei!r trade3 h5ce ! slave 9 8 native l& became ( great] int]e/ & conc]n4 ,! native own] ceas$ to kill = food ! slave ^: exportation w\ld produce him a mu* great] quantity4 ,8 passions 7 curb$ by ! loss _! indulg5ce occasion$4 ,! sacrifice 0 /ay$ by a less exp5sive1 b1 9 8 e/imation1 a m valuable (f]+4 ,! object ( our pres5t inquiry is1 :e!r ! slav]y ( ! ,african tribes to ! foll[]s ( ,mohamm$ is at all recognis$ or allud$ to by ! inspir$ writ]s4 ,! fact exi/s1 nor c x be conte/$1 al?\gh ! condition ( ! ,african slave is f> m degrad$ among ! ,asiatics & ,arabians ?an among ! ,*ri/ians1 b t ev5 !re x is f> m elevat$ ?an 9 8 native l&4 8,bless$ be ! ,"l ,god ( ,%em1 & ,canaan %all be 8 s]vant40 ,g54 ix4 #bf4 ,! prophet ,daniel 0 a captive ! great] portion ( 8 life1 9 ! v region ( c\ntry1 & among ! ance/ors ( ! ,mohamm$ans ( ! pres5t day1 &1 ( all ! prophets1 ! mo/ to h be5 expect$ to h be5 end[$ ) prophetic gifts 9 relation to t c\ntry & its future condition4 ,x is prop] also to rem>k t al?\gh !re is 9 _m in/ances among ! ,mohamm$ans ( ! pres5t day a mixture ( ,japhanese desc5t1 yet _! ma9 /ock is well kn[n to be ,%emitic4 ,x %\ld also be notic$ t ! ,%emites h at all times m frequ5tly amalgamat$ ) ! desc5dants ( ,ham ?an ^? ( ,japhet1 consequ5tly m liable to moral & physical det]ioration2 & "h1 inde$1 we f9d a reason :y x 0 ann\nc$ t ,japhet %\ld possess ! t5ts ( ,%em4 ,dan4 viii4 #i3 8,& out ( "o ( !m came =? a little horn1 :i* wax$ exce$+ great t[>ds ! s\?1 & t[>ds ! ea/1 & t[>ds ! pleasant l&4 #aj4 ,& x wax$ great1 ev5 to ! ho/ ( heav51 & x ca/ d[n "s ( ! ho/ ( ! />s to ! gr\nd1 & /amp$ ^u !m4 #aa4 ,yea1 he magnifi$ himself ev5 to ! pr9ce ( ! ho/1 & by him ! daily sacrifice 0 tak5 away1 & ! place ( 8 sanctu>y 0 ca/ d[n4 #ab4 ,& an ho/ 0 giv5 him aga9/ ! daily sacrifice by reason ( transgression1 & x ca/ d[n ! tru? to ! gr\nd1 & x practis$ & prosp]$4 #bc4 ,& 9 ! latt] "t ( _! k+dom1 :5 ! transgressors are come to ! full1 a k+ ( fi]ce c\nt5ance1 & und]/&+ d>k s5t5ces1 %all /& up4 #bd4 ,& 8 p[] %all be mighty1 b n by 8 own p[]3 & he %all de/roy wond]fully1 & %all prosp]1 & practise1 & %all de/roy ! mighty & holy p4 #be4 ,& ?r\gh 8 policy also he %all cause craft to prosp] 9 8 h&1 & he %all magnify himself 9 8 he>t1 & by peace %all de/roy _m3 he %all also /& up aga9/ ! ,pr9ce ( pr9ces2 b he %all be brok5 )\t h&40 ,dan4 xi4 #dj3 8,& at ! "t ( ! end %all ! k+ ( ! s\? pu% at him1 & ! k+ ( ! nor? %all come aga9/ him l a :irlw9d1 ) *>iots1 & ) horsem51 & ) _m %ips1 & he %all ent] into ! c\ntries1 & %all ov]fl[ & pass ov]4 #da4 ,he %all ent] also into ! glori\s l&1 & _m c\ntries %all be ov]?r[n2 b ^! %all escape out ( 8 h&1 ev5 ,edom & ,moab1 & ! *ief ( ! *ildr5 ( ,ammon4 #db4 ,he %all /ret* =? 8 h& also ^u ! c\ntries3 & ! l& ( ,egypt %all n escape4 #dc4 ,b he %all h p[] ov] ! treasures ( gold & ( silv]1 & ov] all ! preci\s ?+s ( ,egypt1 & ! ,libyans & ! ,e?iopians %all be at 8 /eps40 ,( ! language us$ by ?is prophet1 x is prop] to rem>k t !re are _m v>iations f ! m anci5t ,hebrew1 bo? z to =m ( expression & ! p>ticul> words us$1 among :i* ,arabicisms & ,aramacisms are q common4 ,fab] supposes t ?is rem>kable vision relates to ! hi/ory ( ,mohamm$anism3 no previ\s !ory has be5 satisfactory to ! ,*ri/ian _w1 & x is n[ g5]ally believ$ t he has sugge/$ a correct int]pretation4 ,we may !re=e be all[$ to foll[ him 9 consid]+ x z descriptive ( ! rise & progress ( t religion4 ,mohamm$ 0 born at ,mecca4 ,8 education 0 contract$1 & 8 y\ng] days devot$ to comm]cial & w>like pursuits4 ,by 8 m>riage ) ! wid[ ( an opul5t m]*ant1 he rose to di/9ction 9 8 native city4 ,= sev]al ye>s he frequ5tly retir$ into ! cave ( ,h]a & *]i%$ 8 en?usia/ic s5tim5ts1 till1 at ! age ( =ty1 he /at$ t he _h held communication ) ! angel ,gabriel1 & 0 appo9t$ a prophet & apo/le ( ,god4 ,9 #fab1 he publicly ann\nc$ to 8 relations & fri5ds t he _h asc5d$ ?r\gh sev5 heav5s to ! v ?rone ( ,deity1 "u ! guidance ( ,gabriel1 & _h receiv$ ! salutations ( patri>*s1 prophets1 & angels4 ,?is mon/r\s /atem5t1 h[ev]1 did n succe$1 except ) a v few2 & on ! dea? ( 8 uncle ,abn ,taleb1 :o _h be5 8 p[]ful protector1 he 0 compell$1 9 #fbb1 to seek security by flight to ,m$9a4 ,?is h5ce=? became ! epo* ( ,mohamm$an *ronology2 8 p[] 0 m consolidat$1 & 8 influ5ce ext5d$ by a l>ge accession ( delud$1 b det]m9$ foll[]s4 ,he v soon pr(ess$ to h receiv$ in/ructions f ! angel ,gabriel to propagate 8 religion by ! sword2 & p[] made him a p]secutor4 ,9 sev5 ye>s he became ! sov]eign ( ,mecca1 & ?is l$ to ! subjugation ( all ,arabia1 :i* 0 foll[$ by t ( ,syria4 ,9 less ?an a c5tury f ! p]iod ( its rise 9 ! b>r5 wilds ( ,arabia1 ! ,mohamm$an religion ext5d$ ov] ! great] "p ( ,asia & ,africa1 & ?reat5$ to seat itself 9 ! he>t ( ,europe4 ,! unity ( ,god 0 ! lead+ article ( ,mohamm$'s cre$4 ,:5 address+ ! ,jews1 he pr(ess$ highly to hon\r ,abraham1 ,moses1 & ! prophets1 & admitt$1 = ! sake ( conciliat+ ,*ri/ians1 t ,jesus 0 ! ,messiah ( ! ,jews1 & w be ! judge ( all4 ,?is compromis+ policy is se5 9 ! ,koran4 ,mohamm$an morals en=ce _m pr9ciples ( ju/ice & b5evol5ce1 & inculcate a degree ( self-d5ial1 b1 at ! same "t1 p]mit ! indulg5ce ( "s ( ! /ronge/ passions ( our nature4 ,! repres5tations giv5 ( p>adise are adapt$ to gratify ! s5suality ( m51--& ( hell1 to awak5 _! fe>s ( disobey+ ! ,koran or ! prophet4 8,ea/]n ,*ri/5dom10 says ,mr4 ,fo/]1 8at once ! p>5t & ! prey ( hydra-head$ h]esy1 dem&$ & des]v$ precisely ! inflictions :i* ! rod ( a conqu]+ h]esi>* c\ld be/[4 ,! k+ ( fi]ce c\nt5ance1 & und]/&+ d>k s5t5ces1 well expresses ! "* ( ,mohamm$ & 8 religion40 8,mohamm$10 says ,gibbon1 8) ! sword 9 "o h&1 & ! ,koran 9 ! o!r1 erect$ 8 ?rone on ! ru9s ( ,*ri/ianity & ( ,rome4 ,! g5ius ( ! ,arabian prophet1 ! mann]s ( 8 nation1 & ! _s ( 8 religion involve ! causes ( ! decl9e & fall ( ! ,ea/]n empire1 & our eyes are curi\sly int5t on "o ( ! mo/ memorable revolutions :i* impress$ a new & la/+ "* on ! nations ( ! globe40 ,8 fir/ ef=ts 7 direct$ aga9/ ! ,jews1 :o refus$ to receive ,mohamm$'s effusions z ! revelations ( heav51 &1 9 consequ5ce1 suff]$ ! loss ( _! possessions & lives4 8,:5 ,*ri/ian *ur*es10 says ,scott1 87 conv]t$ into mosques1 ! #8daily sacrifice' might be said to be tak5 away10 7viii4 #aa1 #ab17 & ! numb]s ( nom9al ,*ri/ians :o 7 ?us l$ to apo/atize1 & ( real ,*ri/ians & m9i/]s :o p]i%$ by ! sword ( ?is w>like1 p]secut+ p[]1 fulfill$ ! pr$iction t he ca/ d[n "s ( ! ho/ & ( ! />s to ! gr\nd1 & /amp$ on !m4 ,x is said t 8a ho/ 0 giv5 him aga9/ ! daily sacrifice10 7or wor%ip ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur*1 correspond+ ) ! ,jewi% sanctu>y17 8by reason ( transgression40 ,a rival prie/hood subv]t$ ! prie/hood ( a deg5]ate *ur*4 ,! imams ( ,mohamm$ assum$ ! place ( ! apo/ate tea*]s ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! ev5t "h pr$ict$ 0 to occur 9 ! latt] "p ( ! ,grecian empire1 7v]4 #bc17 8:5 ! transgressors are come to ! full40 ,hi/ory relates t ! rema9s ( ! ,ea/]n empire & ! p[] ( ! ,greek *ur* 7 ov]?r[n by ,mohamm$ans4 ,_! *ief endeav\r$ to diffuse 8 doctr9e1 b f\nd t x c\ld n prevail by 8its own p[]10 or ! inh]5t moral /r5g? ( ! sy/em3 x 0 requisite to support 8 pret5sions by 8craft0 & 8policy40 ,mohamm$ sanction$ z mu* ( ! inspir$ ,scriptures z he ?\ght might t5d to obviate ! prejudices ( ! ,jews1 & incorporat$ z mu* ( 8 own sy/em ) ! errors ( ! ,ea/]n *ur* z might t5d to conciliate ,greek ,*ri/ians4 8,al?\gh ,mohamm$ism did n fir/ spr+ up 9 ! ,mac$onian empire1 yet x n[ spread f ,arabia to ,syria1 & occupi$ locally1 z well z au?oritatively1 ! anci5t dom9ion ( ! he-goat40 7,scott47 ,x has be5 rem>k$1 h[ev]1 by ,mr4 ,fo/]1 7,mohamm$ism ,unveil$17 t ! "p ( ,arabia :i* includ$ ! native c\ntry ( ,mohamm$1 compos$ an integral prov9ce bo? ( ! empire ( ,alex&] & ( ! ,ptolemean k+dom ( ,egypt4 ,ptolemy _h ,egypt1 ,syria1 ,arabia1 ,clo-syria1 & ,pale/9e4 ,! sov]eignties ( ,egypt & ,syria1 be=e call$ ! k+ ( ! s\? & ! k+ ( ! nor?1 disappe>$ :5 !y 7 absorb$ 9 ! ,roman empire1 & ! new p[]1 or ! ,s>ac5 & ,turki% empires1 t succe$$1 are n[ br\ght to view4 ,b let x be obs]v$1 t ! ,s>ac5s became ma/]s ( ,egypt1 ! orig9al t]ritory ( ! k+ ( ! s\?1 & ! ,turks possess$ ,syria1 or ! k+dom ( ! nor?1 & /ill reta9 x4 8,! k+ ( ! s\? %all pu% at him40 ,! p[] ( ,rome 0 ov]?r[n 9 ! ea/ by ! ,s>ac5s4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ wo ( ! revelation1 :i* 0 to pass away aft] ?ree hundr$ ye>s4 ,! ,turks !n came1 a :irlw9d ( nor!rn b>b>ians1 & a*iev$ a la/+ conque/1 9 a day1 ( ! ,asiatic prov9ces ( ! ,roman empire4 ,! l9e ( m>* 0 along ! nor? ( ,pale/9e1 & ! ,turki% mon>* ent]$ only to pass ?r\gh & ov]fl[3 8he ent]$ into ! glori\s l&20 =1 z ,gibbon has /at$ x1 ! mo/ int]e/+ conque/ ( ! ,seljukian ,turks 0 t ( ,j]usalem1 :i* soon became ! !atre ( nations4 8,b ,edom & ,moab1 & ! *ief ( ! *ildr5 ( ,ammon escap$ out ( 8 h&40 ,ev5 :5 all ! regions r\nd own$ ! ,turki% sway1 ^! reta9$ _! deta*$ & sep>ate "*1 & ev5 receiv$ tribute f ! pilgrims z !y pass$ to ! %r9es ( ,mecca & ,m$9a4 ,?us !y h escap$ & ma9ta9$ _! indep5d5ce ( ! ,porte4 ,a race ( mon>*s arose to /ret* out _! h& ^u ! c\ntries4 ,o?man1 ,amura?1 ,bajazet1 & ,mohamm$ conqu]$ nation aft] nation1 & f9ally fix$ ! seat ( _! empire at ,con/ant9ople4 ,! l& ( ,egypt 8did n escape20 x 0 inde$ ! la/ to yield2 b1 ?\gh its =ces _h vanqui%$ bo? ,*ri/ians & ,turks1 x 0 at l5g? subdu$ by ,selim ,i4 9 #aeag1 & came into possession ( ! ,ottomans4 7,cox1 on ,daniel47 ,& x may be "h rem>k$1 z a fact ( well-kn[n hi/ory1 t ! c\ntries kn[n z ,libya & ,e?iopia h1 at all ages ( ! _w1 suppli$ ?is c\ntry ) slaves1 :oev] may h borne rule1 & /ill cont9ue to d ! same4 ,?\s&s f ! int]ior ( ,africa are ye>ly transplant$ f ! slav]y ( _! native l& into ^? c\ntries n[ "u ,mohamm$an rule4 ,& x may be well "h = ! ,*ri/ian philan?ropi/ to notice1 t s f> z ! slave-trade ) ,africa has ceas$ ) ,*ri/ian nations1 to ! same ext5t x has sub/antially increas$ ) ,mohamm$an c\ntries4 8,& ! ,libyans & ! ,e?iopians %all be at 8 /eps10--a =m ( spee* z cle>ly indicat+ ! condition ( slav]y z ?\gh ev] s broadly ass]t$4 ,! ,hebrew ^w "h translat$ 8at 8 /eps10 9 8 foot/eps1 c41 i4 e4 atta*$ or subject$ to 8 int]e/s z slaves1 is cognate ) ! ,arabic ^w metsuad1 & means ! *a9s by :i* ! feet ( captive slaves are b\nd1 & 9 ,hebrew =m ?is ^w is us$ 9 ,isa4 iii4 #bj1 tseado?4 ,! :ole passage is /rictly an ,arabicism1 & is to be con/ru$1 ) ref]5ce to t language1 *a9 = ! legs4 ,( ?is passage1 ,adam ,cl>k says1 8,unconqu]$ ,arabs all s\ght _! fri5d%ip1 & _m ( !m are tribut>y to ! pres5t "t40 ,"s comm5tators seem to und]/& ?is passage to mean only t ,libyans & ,e?iopians w\ld be 9 c\rte\s att5dance1 c4 ,if s1 ! ,hebrew w\ld h read1 z 9 ,judg4 iv4 #aj1 regel4 8,& he w5t up ) t5 ?\s& m5 at 8 feet40 ,?is passage1 =etell+ ! slav]y ( ! ,e?iopians to ! ,mohamm$ans1 may well be comp>$ ) ,isa4 xlv4 #ad1 ann\nc+ ! slav]y ( ! same p to ^? ( ! true religion4 8,?us sai? ! ,"l1 ! lab\r ( ,egypt & ! m]*&ise ( ,e?iopia & ( ! ,sabeans1 m5 ( /ature1 %all come ov] unto !e1 & !y %all be ?9e2 !y %all come aft] !e1 9 *a9s !y %all come ov]1 & !y %all fall d[n unto !e2 !y %all make supplication unto !e1 say+1 ,surely ,god is 9 !e1 & !re is none else1 !re is no ,god0 beside4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xxiv4 ,9 reflection ^u ! lead+ ideas t pres5t !mselves 9 ! review ( ! subjects ( ?is /udy1 we may notice t slav]y has be5 introduc$ to ! _w z a m]cy 9 fav\r ( life4 ,t1 9 its op]ation1 its g5]al t5d5cy is to place ! weak1 det]iorat$1 & degrad$ "u ! control & gov]nm5t ( a wisdom sup]ior to _! own2 f :5ce ! intellectual1 moral1 & physical improvem5t ( ! enslav$1 to "s ext5t1 is a consequ5ce z c]ta9 z t cause produces its effect4 ,! _w nev] has1 nor w x ev] witness a case :]e ! moral1 intellectual1 & physical sup]ior has be5 9 slav]y1 z a fix$ /ate1 to an inf]ior race or grade ( human life4 ,! law giv+ sup]ior rule & gov]nm5t to ! moral1 intellectual1 & physical sup]ior is z un*angeable z ! law ( gravitation4 ,no seem+ exception c be imag9$ :i* does n l5d pro( ( ! exi/5ce ( su* law4 ,! human intellect c make no di/9ction betwe5 ! e/abli%] ( su* law & ! au?or & e/abli%] ( all o!r laws :i* we p]ceive to be e/abli%$ & 9 op]ation1 & :i* we attribute to ,god4 ,no "o has ev] yet d5i$ t ob$i5ce to ! laws ( ,god effects & produces m5tal & physical b5efits to ! ob$i5t1 or t _! disreg>d & contempt are necess>ily foll[$ by a det]ioration ( ! condition ( ! disob$i5t2 nor c any "o d5y t ! neglect ( ob$i5ce to ! laws ( ,god1 :i*1 9 its product1 yields to ! disob$i5t m5tal & physical det]ioration1 or any "o ( !m1 is s91--& 9 proportion to its magnitude1 s w be its consequ5t degradation4 ,to be degrad$ is s91 because ! law is improve4 ,no "o w pret5d t ! relation ( ma/] & slave is n (t5 att5d$ ) s9 on ! "p ( ! ma/]1 on ! acc\nt ( 8 disob$i5ce to ! law ( ,god 9 8 gov]nm5t ( 8 slave2 or on ! "p ( ! slave1 on ! acc\nt ( 8 disob$i5ce to ! same law 9 8 conduct t[>ds 8 ma/]4 ,!re=e1 su* ma/] is n z mu* b5efit$1 n ! slave z mu* improv$ by ! relation1 z w\ld o!rwise be ! case4 ,x is !re=e incumb5t on ! ma/] to se>* out & exclude all su* abuses f ! int]c\rse & reciprocal duties betwe5 him & 8 slave4 ,plac$ ^u him is ! responsible *>ge ( gov]n+ bo? himself & 8 slave4 ,! responsibility ( ! ma/] 9 ?is respect is ( ! same ord] z t ( a gu>dian & t ( a p>5t4 ,! want ( a less affectionate reg>d 9 ! ma/] t[>ds ! slave is suppli$ & secur$ to ! safety ( ! slave by ! increas$ wat*fulness ( ! ma/] ov] ! slave f ! consid]ation t ! slave is 8 prop]ty4 ,= :]e affection _c be suppos$ suffici5tly /rong to /imulate a calm & wise action1 int]e/ /eps 9 to produce ! effect4 ,t e m9d w see & compreh5d ^! tru?s1 :]e prejudice & education are 9 contradiction1 is n to be expect$4 ,! influ5ces ( a false philosophy on ! m9d1 l /a9s ( crime on ! "*1 are (t5 ( difficult removal4 ,"s =be>ance t[>ds ^? :o hone/ly ent]ta9 oppos+ ideas on ?is subject1 c nev] disgrace ! ,*ri/ian "*1--& we ?9k x p>ticul>ly ! duty ( ! m5 ( ! ,s\?1 t[>ds ! m51 wom51 & *ildr5 ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 especially ( ! unle>n$ classes4 ,= ev5 among ourselves ( ! ,s\?1 we sometimes he> ! ann\ncem5t ( doctr9es t decl>e all ! mo/ rabid fanatic at ! ,nor? ne$ claim1 on ! subject ( imm$iate abolition4 ,we ref] to & quote f ,walk]'s ,reports ( ,cases adjudg$ 9 ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,mississippi1 at ! ,june t]m1 #ahah1 page #db3 8,slav]y is condemn$ by reason & ! laws ( nature40 ,?is false & suicidal ass]tion1 mo/ unnecess>ily & irrelevantly introduc$1 /ill /&s on ! records ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( t ,/ate1 & is an epitaph ( ! incapacity & /upidity ( him :o wrote x & engrav$ x on ?is monum5t ( ,s\!rn he$lessness4 ,we 7 at fir/ surpris$ at ! sil5ce ( ! report]1 b1 at t day1 any criticism by t (fic] w\ld h be5 contempt4 ,yet we may inf] t ! +5i\s & tal5t$ g5tleman contriv$ to express 8 mo/ expung+ reprobation1 by :olly omitt+ all allusion to ! po9t 9 8 syllabus ( ! case4 ,if 9 ! c\rse ( ^! ,/udies we %all n h %[n t slav]y z x exi/s 9 ! _w is comm&$ by 8reason0 & ! laws ( 8nature10 we %all h lab\r$ 9 va92 & ev5 n[ an array ( battle is =m$1 & our enemy has *os5 human 8reason0 = ! 8bolt ( ,jove10 z wr\ght f /r&s ( ,nor!rn colds1 ,s\!rn heats1 & ,ea/]n w9ds2 9 _! c5tre1 b\nd by cl\dy fe>s & av5g+ fires2 = _! gis1 8! laws ( nature0 supply ,m9]va's %ield1 ^u :i* fanaticism has already inscrib$ its gov]nm5t ov] ?irty ,/ates1 f> exce$+ 9 purity1 !y ?9k1 t ( ! ,god ( ,israel4 ,& we h come up to ! w>6--arm$ nei!r ) ! rod ( ,h]mes nor ! arr[s ( ,latona's son2 b ) a ^w f him ( ,be?lehem3 8,sanctify !m ?r\gh ?y tru?2 ?y ^w is tru?40 ------------------------------------ ,/udy ,v4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,i4 ,! inquir] aft] tru? has two s\rces by :i* he c arrive at "s k ( ! w ( ,god3--#a/4 ,by fai? & revelation2 #b;d4 ,by ! obs]vance ( ! facts uni=mly develop$ 9 ! mat]ial & moral _w4 ,! accuracy ( 8 k w be co9cid5t ) ! accuracy ( ! m5tal p]ceptions & ! ext5t ( ! rese>* ( ! inquir]4 ,9 ! ,bible he w f9d ! decl>ations ( ,god himself3 "s ( !m are express1 & "s ( !m impli$4 ,9 ! second place1 he may discov] ! w ( ,god f ! arrangem5t ( 8 works z manife/$ 9 ! visible _w4 ,"s call ?is ! light ( nature2 o!rs ! laws ( nature4 ,b :at d !y mean o!r ?an ! light & laws ( ,god8 ,are n ! laws ( gravitation z mu* ! laws ( ,god z !y w\ld be if set d[n 9 ! decalogue1 al?\gh n z important to man 9 8 prim>y lessons ( moral duty8 ,let u view ! =e/ z plant$ by ! h& ( ,god3 we see "s trees made to pu% _! tall b\ghs f> above ! re/2 :ile o!rs1 ( inf]ior /em & height1 seem to require ! p>tial %ade & protection ( _! m l(ty neighb\rs2 o!rs1 ( /ill inf]ior & dw>fi% gr[?1 receive & require ! full & fo/]+ influ5ce ( ! :ole grove1 t _! exi/5ce may be protect$ & _! organs fully develop$ = use4 ,let u view ! tribes ( ocean1 e>?1 & air3 we behold a regul> gradation ( p[] & rule1 f man d[n to ! atom4 ,:e!r ) reason or ) in/9ct ble/1 ,all enjoy t p[] t suits !m be/3 ,ord] is ,heav5's fir/ law2 & ?is confess'd1 ,"s are1 & mu/ be1 great] ?an ! re/-- ,m ri*1 m wise2 b :o inf]s f h5ce ,t su* are happi]1 %ocks all common s5se4 ,heav5 to mank9d imp>tial we confess1 ,if all are equal 9 _! happ9ess2 ,b mutual wants ?is happ9ess increase4 ,all nature's diff]5ce1 keeps all nature's peace3 ,condition1 circum/ance1 is n ! ?+2 ,bliss is ! same1 9 subject1 or 9 k+6 ,,pope',s ,essay4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,ii4 ,!y :o /udy ev5 only su* portion ( ! works ( ,god z c1 seem+ly1 to "s ext5t be exam9$ by ! human m9d1 nev] fail to discov] a s+ul> aff9ity betwe5 all ?+s1 ! creation ( 8 h&4 ,?is1 to u1 w\ld be pro(1 indep5d5t ( inspiration1 t "o ,creator made ! :ole _w & all ?+s !re94 ,s great is ! aff9ity betwe5 ! vegetable & animal k+doms1 t x is to ?is day a d\bt :]e ! "o t]m9ates or :]e ! o!r beg9s4 ,naturali/s all agree t !y bo? spr+ f 8slightly develop$ =ms1 p]haps v>i$1 yet closely connect$20 true1 8/>t+ away 9 diff]5t directions ( life10 b ev] pres]v+1 x may be an obscure1 yet a /rict analogy to ea* o!r4 ,^! analogies are suffici5tly obvi\s to prove t "o p[]1 "o & ! same g5]al law1 has br\ght !m bo? into exi/5ce4 ,?us ! dev\t wor%ipp] ( ,god may1 9 "s s5se1 view ! vegetable inhabitants ( ! e>? z 8 bre?r54 ,! animal k+dom may be consid]$ z divisible into five gr\ps4 ,! v]tebreta1 annulosa1 7! articulata ( ,cuvi]17 ! radiata1 ! acrita1 79 "p ! radiata ( ,cuvi]17 & ! molusca4 ,ea* "o ( ^! gr\ps w be f\nd divisible into five classes4 ,let u take1 = example1 ! v]tebreta1 & x is readily divid$ into ! mammalia1 reptilia1 pisces1 amphibia1 & aves4 ,s ea* "o ( ^! classes is divisible into five ord]s4 ,let u take1 = example1 ! mammalia2 & x is readily divid$ into ! *eiro!ria1 7animals ) m or less p]fect h&s17 f]1 cetacea1 glires1 & ungulata4 ,s ea* "o ( ^! ord]s is divisible into five g5]a4 ,let u take1 = example1 ! *eiro!ria1 & x is readily divid$ into ! bimana or homo1 ! quadrumana or simiad1 ! natatorials or vesp]tilionid1 ! suctorials or lemurid1 ! rasorials or cebid4 ,s ea* "o ( ^! g5]a is divid$ 9 five species4 ,let u take1 = example1 ! bimana or homo1 & x is readily divid$ into ! ,caucasian or ,indo-,european1 ! ,mongolian1 ! ,malayan1 ! ,indian or aborig9al ,am]ican1 & ! ,negro or ,african4 ,?us we behold man 9 8 relation to ! animal _w3 true1 f> 9 advance z to 8 physical & m5tal developm5t2 yet ! natural philosoph] f9ds traces ( all 8 m5tal p[]s among ! inf]ior animals1 z does ! comp>ative anatomi/ ^? ( 8 physical /ructure4 ,does he feel degrad$ by ! fact t ,god has be5 pleas$ to ord] ?is relation ( bro!rhood ) ! l[] ord]s ( creation8 ,or w he = ev] suff] 8 pride to h$ge up ! way ( progress by ! impassable d>kness ( 8 own ignorance4 ,! uni=mity ( ^! p5ta-legal ramifications1 :i* rea* d[n f man ?r\gh all ! ord]s & gr\ps ( ! animal _w1 gives evid5ce ( a preconceiv$ design--( an arrangem5t by ,almighty p[]--( a ,god ^: ?\ght is law6--:ile ! analogy ( animal =mation1 ! traces ( aff9ity 9 ! m5tal qualities f\nd 9 all1 9 proportion z ^? qualities are m or less develop$1 & ! app>5t adaptation ( ea* "o to ! condition 9 :i* x is f\nd1 demon/rate ! unity ( ! law :i* gov]ns _! physical be+4 ,^! analogies1 f\nd to exi/ betwe5 all ! individuals ( ! animal _w1 & p>ticul>ly /rik+ & m & m obvi\s z we proce$ f a p>ticul> gr\p to its g5]a & species1 h l$ "s philosoph]s to suppose t ! m p]fectly develop$ species h be5 progressively produc$ by "s in/ance ( an improv$ developm5t1 z an (f%oot f ! g5]a1 & s on back to its orig9al =m ( animal life1 9 ob$i5ce to ! laws ( ! great ,fir/ ,cause4 ,b we wi% to di/urb no man's philosophy4 ,we deem x ( little importance to u :at me?od ,god pursu$ 9 ! creation ( our species2 :e!r we 7 spok5 in/antly into life1 z 0 ! light1 or :e!r ages 7 sp5t 9 reproduc+ improv$ developm5ts f ! e>li] =ms ( animal life4 ,9 ei!r case we see no?+ contradictory to ! inspir$ writ+s ( ,moses4 ,man is z mu* ! creation ( ,god ?r\gh "o means z ano!r4 ,! wisdom & p[] requir$ are ! same2 = 8 exi/5ce alone demon/rates him to be ! "w ( a ,god4 ,! fact ( ! exi/5ce ( ^! analogies is alone :at we propose to notice4 ,& we (f] !m m]ely z indications ( a c\rse ( /udy t may lead to "s important results 9 elucidation ( ! m5tal & physical relations betwe5 ! diff]5t v>ieties ( man4 ,9 fur!r illu/ration1 let u = a mom5t look at ! bov9e species1 f ! g5us rum9antia1 f ! ord] ungulata1 & we f9d ! ox1 ! bison1 ! buffalo1 ! elk1 & ! goat4 ,l ! five species ( homo1 we f9d ! bov9e species divid$ into a great numb] ( families or v>ieties1 ( :i* we ne$ take no fur!r notice4 ,does any "o fail to p]ceive ! analogy betwe5 ^! species ( ! bos8 ,are !y m obscure1 m ab]rant ?an are ! relations betwe5 ! species ( man8 ,exam9e ! high physical developm5t ( ! mo/ intellectual ,caucasian2 trace d[n ! l9e to ! dim9utive & ill-=m$ cannibal savage ( ,africa1 ! habits & m5tal developm5t ( :om w\ld seem r alli$ to ! l[] ord]s ( animals ?an to ! ,caucasian6 ,h[ w x comport ) ! g5]al laws manife/$ by ! condition ( ! animal _w & ( ! obvi\s inf]iority & influ5ce ( "o ov] ano!r1 9 proportion to _! app>5t sup]iority 9 physical & m5tal developm5t1 to place ! l[e/ grade ( ! ,african 9 equal p[] or 9 control ( ! ,caucasian bro!r8 ,is !re any manife/ation ( ! ,creator ( an arrangem5t l ?is1 ev5 ?r\gh ! et]nity ( 8 own "w8 ,on ! contr>y1 ?r\gh ! :ole animal race1 we f9d p[] & control lodg$ ev]y:]e 9 proportion z we f9d an advance t[>ds p]fection 9 ! developm5t be/[$4 ,9 con=mity to ?is law1 ,god gave ,adam 8dom9ion0 ov] e liv+ ?+ t mov$ ^u e>?4 ,x is kn[n to mo/ m51 t1 "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 ! race ( any animal w improve3 s also1 "u adv]se1 !y deg5]ate4 ,we see ^! facts daily 9 ! bre$s ( dome/ic animals4 ,we see ^! *anges ev5 9 ! families ( all ! species ( man4 ,nor is x a matt] ( ! lea/ importance to our inquiry1 :e!r ^! species ( ! race h be5 produc$ by an upw>d movem5t f ! l[e/1 or a d[nw>d deg5]at+ movem5t f ! mo/ elevat$4 ,x is suffici5t t !y exi/ f "s cause2 = an individual hav+ be51 say an equal1 b n[ deg5]ate1 falls "u ! influ5ce & control ( 8 sup]ior4 ,& 9 con=mity to ?is law1 x 0 ann\nc$ to ,eve1 ! helpmate ( ,adam1 t 8he %all rule ov] !e40 ,b if ^! p>ticles ( inspiration _h nev] be5 proclaim$1 man w\ld h discov]$ ?is law f its con/ant op]ation1 n only on ! family ( man1 b on e bran* ( ! animal _w4 ,we c sp5d b little "t ) su* infidel pr9ciples z lead "s m5 to say1 8,d[n ) y\r ,bible t tea*es slav]y40 8,if ! religion ( ,jesus ,*ri/ all[s slav]y1 ! ,new ,te/am5t is ! greate/ curse t c\ld be inflict$ on man40 8,d[n ) y\r ,god :o upholds slav]y2 he %all be no ,god ( m9e40 8,jesus ,*ri/ 0 himself a negro60 ,our he>ts ble$ :5 we see su* evid5ce ( a de/roy$ intellect4 ,! maniac 9 8 rav+s excites our extreme sorr[4 ,we feel no h>%ness4 ,he has sunk f> bel[ res5tm5t4 ,c we adm9i/] to su* m5tal de=mity any relief8 ,w x be absurd to ask him to d$uce f nature1 z x is f\nd to op]ate1 t ! v>i\s grades ( subjection spread ?r\gh ! animal _w exi/ 9 con=mity to ! natural law8 ,b1 says ! qu]i/1 8,y\r rem>ks h a t5d5cy t[>ds ! conclusion1--^u ! supposition t ,adam 0 creat$ ) a p]fect1 or r ) a v high ord] ( physical organization & m5tal developm5t1--t ! facts ( ! great] or less deg5]ation ( ! p ( ! _w1 s9ce 8 fall1 n[ exhibit$ by ! diff]5t species ( man ^u ! e>?1 _h _! orig9 9 8 transgression4 ,n[1 by p>ity ( argum5t1 we may conclude1 if su* high physical elevation 0 ! orig9al condition ( ,adam1 t ea* g5us ( ! brute creation also 0 orig9ally creat$ on a proportional scale4 ,if s1 _! deg5]ation is q z visible z t ( man4 ,yet we h no acc\nt t !y committ$ s9 & #8fell4'0 ,we d n say t su* 0 ! orig9al condition ( ! fir/ man4 ,we say1 ! creation ( ! animal _w 0 ^u pr9ciples compatible ) progressive improvem5t2 & t z f> z ^! pr9ciples are n obey$1 b *ang$ or rev]s$ by ! practice ( ! animal _w1 t ! effect is to rema9 /ation>y1 or to retrograde & det]iorate4 ,x is a matt] ( no importance to our argum5t :at 0 ! fir/ condition ( ,adam4 ,b all[ x to be z qu]i/ has /at$3 ,we answ]1 ! ,bible 0 giv5 to man = 8 moral gov]nm5t2 n to tea* him geology1 *emi/ry1 or o!r sci5ces4 ,su* matt]s 7 left = him to atta9 by progressive improvem5t4 ,a m9ute hi/ory ( ! brute creation1 or any portion ( x1 f ! e>lie/ dawn ( animal life up to ! "t ( revelation1 o!r ?an ! ann\ncem5t ( _! creation & subjection to him1 0 irrelevant4 ,b man 0 ! v head & gov]nor ( ! :ole animal race4 ,n[1 :o is to say t ! deg5]ation ( ! rul] w n produce a *ange ( conduct 9 ! rul$8 ,:o is to say t ! poison$ moral feel+ ( him 9 comm&1 break+ =? 9 acts ( viol5ce on all ar\nd1 w n produce a correspond+ effect on ! animate objects "u him8 ,witness ! effect1 we ne$ n say on *ildr51 b on dome/ic animals1 ( ! ra%1 cruel1 & crazy treatm5t ( a wick$ & inconsi/5t man8 ,! idea t ! brute creation 7 injur$ 9 condition by ! fall ( man is put =? by ,/4 ,paul1 9 ,rom4 viii4 #i-bb1 :]e ! ^w 8creature0 is translat$ f ! ,greek t]m t implies ! :ole animal or ! :ole creat$ _w4 ,b no answ] to qu]i/ is necess>y4 ,! fact is suffici5t t animals1 "u habits ill-adapt$ to _! organization1 d deg5]ate4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,iii4 ,h[ev] ins5sible individuals !mselves may be ( ! fact1 "s m51 & ^? ( q diff]5t "*1 f9d x unpleasant to submit !mselves to ! great ,au?or ( animal life4 ,= !y1 9 sub/ance1 make a cont9ual inquiry1 ,h[ is x to be reconcil$ t a ,be+ s p]fectly good %\ld h admitt$ into ! mid/ ( 8 works1 z a con/ant att5dant ( all 8 s5ti5t creations1 s l>ge an admixture ( :at we call evil8 ,we might cont9ue ! inquiry by add+1 ,:y1 9 a m]e drop ( wat]1 d we f9d ! animalcul manife/+ all ! agonies & repeat+ ! outrages ^u "o ano!r /rik+ly visible among ! l>g] animal developm5ts ( ! great ocean & ( ! l&8 ,:y su* an admixture ( pa9 & mis]y among m58 ,:y ! male ( all animals mak+ de/ructive w> on _! k9d8 ,:y ext]m9at+ w>s among m58 ,& :y ! numb]less1 nameless evils ev]y:]e spread ?r\gh ! _w8 ,& d we =get t ! great ,creator ( animal life br\ght =? 8 works & su/a9s ea* ?+ by ! un*angeable ex]cise ( 8 laws8 ,laws :i* are f\nd to h a direct t5d5cy to progressive improvem5t8 ,w rational be+s expect ,god to *ange _! actions to suit _! disreg>d ( !m8 ,w fire cease to burn because we may *oose to ?ru/ 9 ! h&8 ,& :at if1 ev5 9 all ?is1 we %all discov] 8 wisdom & goodness by mak+ :at we may call puni%m5t = ! brea* ( ! law1 a pull+ back f deep] mis]y1 a p[]ful /imulus = a *ange ( direction f a d[nw>d to an upw>d movem5t 9 ! pa? ( progressive improvem5t8 ,d we f9d no satisfaction 9 ?is view ( ! con/itution ( nature1 ( ! wisdom ( ,god8 ,^! m5 seem desir\s t ! works ( ,god %\ld h be5 on a diff]5t foot+1 or t e ?+ %\ld h be5 at once p]fect to ! ext5t ( 8 p[]4 ,w\ld !y !n desire to be 8 equal too8 ,b1 at lea/ z to man1 ! m9d incapable ( error1 ! body ( suff]+6 ,x is possible t "u su* a disp5sation1 our m5tal enjoym5ts w\ld h be5 on a p> ) a ma!matical axiom1 & our bodies h ab\t z mu* sympa?y = ! ?+s ar\nd !m z has a lump ( gold4 ,& h[ d !y "k t ! rocks1 m9]als1 & trees1 yea1 ! />ry inhabitants ( ! firmam5t1 are n ! exact manife/ations ( :at w\ld h be5 creations ( t ord]8 ,we w n /op "h to inquire h[ f> ! compla9ts ( ^! m5 op]ate to _! own m5tal & physical injury4 ,x is a great popul> error to suppose all ( our own species to be born equals4 ,x involves ! proposition t ea* "o also possesses ! same faculties & p[]s1 & to ! same ext5t4 ,ev5 e well-in=m$ nurs]y-maid is furni%$ ) a good refutation4 ,! grades ( physical developm5t are pro(s ( grades ( m9d4 ,?r\gh ! :ole animal _w1 z ) man1 m5tal action takes place1 provid+ = ! su/5ance & security ( life2 & ! am\nt ( m5tal p[] ea* "o possesses is ev] 9 proportion to ! developm5t ( ! n]v\s sy/em & animal /ructure4 ,^u ?is e>?1 ! highe/ grade ( su* developm5t is f\nd among ! ,caucasian species ( man4 ,physiologi/s ass]t t ! ,african exhibits1 9 maturity1 ! imp]fect bra9 c4 ( a ,caucasian ftus "s consid]able "t be=e its bir?3 s ! ,malay & ,indian1 ! same at a p]iod ne>] bir?2 :ile ! ,mongolian1 t ( ! infant lately born4 ,see ,lloyd's ,popul> ,physiology4 ,! be>d1 among m5 ! attribute ( a full maturity1 l>ge/ 9 ! ,caucasian1 is sc>cely f\nd among ! l[] grades ( ! ,african4 ,col\r is also f\nd d>ke/ :]e ! developm5t is ! lea/ p]fect1 & ! mo/ di/ant f ! ,caucasian2 & h5ce a philosoph] ( great le>n+ makes ! "q p]t95t1 8,may n col\r !n dep5d on developm5t also8 ,developm5t be+ arre/$ at s immature a /age 9 ! case ( ! negro1 ! sk9 may take on ! col\r z an unavoidable consequ5ce ( its imp]fect organization40 ,! diff]5t species & all ! v>ieties ( man are no?+ b a %ort hi/ory ( _! diff]5t grades ( organization & developm5t4 ,"o fraction1 by a long & m or less /rict obs]vance ( ! laws ( nature1 becomes1 aft] _m g5]ations1 q improv$ 9 its organization4 ,f an opposite c\rse1 ano!r fraction has deg5]at$ & sunk into degradation4 ,x is n[ a well-kn[n fact t ,caucasian p>5ts too ne>ly relat$ exhibit (fspr+ ( ! ,mongolian type4 ,s1 a p>ticul> tribe ( ,arabs1 n[ on ! banks ( ! ,jordan1 f an 9-&-9 propagation h become sc>cely to be di/+ui%$ f ,negroes4 ,?is is only an in/ance1 b is important :5 we notice ! det]iorat+ influ5ce su* int]c\rse has among dome/ic animals4 ,9 %ort1 e brea* ( ! laws t5d+ to ! pa? ( progressive improvem5t mu/ h a det]iorat+ effect on ! (fspr+4 ,!re 0 tru? 9 ! anci5t adage1 8,! fa!rs h eat5 s\r grapes & ! *ildr5's tee? are set on edge40 ,e private habit & circum/ance 9 life t en]vates or d]anges ! physical sy/em1 or di/urbs ! balance ( ! m9d1 /amps its impress on ! desc5dant4 ,! moral & physical condition ( ! prog5y1 ) slight exceptions ! result ( an elevat+ & upw>d movem5t1 or a d[nw>d & det]iorat+ "o1 7z ! case may be17 is ! necess>y result ( ! moral & physical condition ( ! p>5tage3 & ?is influ5ce is d\btless felt back = _m g5]ations4 ,b does ,god make man wick$8 does he pr$e/9e to evil8 ,^! qu]ies may seem p]t95t to "s1 because we are 9 ! habit ( consid]+ ea* individual by itself2 :]eas ea* individual is only a l9k 9 ! *a9 ( ph5om5a1 :i* owe _! exi/5ce to laws productive ( good1 & ev5 ( progressive improvem5t1 b ( necessity1 9 _! brea*1 admit ^! evils1 because su* brea* is s94 ,our moral faculties are p]mitt$ to range 9 a wide field2 b evil is ! result ( a disruption ( ! rules ( action4 ,x is ! flam+ sword elevat$ to gu>d our good1 %[+ u ! awful tru?1 ! m]e bad habit 9 ! p>5t may become a con/itutional inh]5t quality 9 ! (f spr+4 ,we d n suppose ^! influ5ces always v p]ceptibly imm$iate4 ,_m g5]ations are d\btless (t5 requir$ 9 ! full developm5t ( an upw>d movem5t to a high] ord] ( moral p]ception2 & s 9 ! opposite4 ,yet we _c =be> to notice h[ (t5 ! imm$iate desc5dant is q apt to prove its p>5tage4 ,w ! !ologian object--8,y contradict ! ,scripture4 ,y make five species ( man4 ,:]eas !y are all ! desc5dants ( ,noah40 ,h we n %[n ample gr\nd & "t = _! =mation f 8 /ock8 ,besides1 we expect h]eaft] to prove by ,scripture t ,ham took a wife f ! deg5]ate race ( ,ca92 :i*1 if s1 w\ld alone place 8 desc5dants 9 ! attitude ( inf]iority & subjection4 ,no6 b we adv]tise ! !ologian t we %all take ! ,scripture = our plat=m4 ,we believe x1 & hope to ev5 hold him close to x4 ,b we n[ ask = ! reflection ( all1 does n ! deg5]ate man1 degrad$ 9 con/itution bel[ ! possibility ( 8 em]g+ f ! dep? to :i* he has sunk1 by any self-r5ovat+ p[]1 /ill l+]+ ab\t 8 r$uc$ condition1 require ! aid ( "o ( sup]ior nature1 ( sup]ior organization & m5tal developm5t1 to act z 8 advis]1 protector1 & ma/]8 ,w\ld n su* a provision be a m]ciful "o8 ,& may we n also inquire1 :e!r ! sup]ior end[m5ts "h requir$ d n also require to be ex]cis$ 9 be>+ rule ov] ! wayw>d en]gies ( ^? m deg5]ate1 z a necess>y elem5t 9 ! s*ool to a high] advance8 ,& %all we n p]ceive t su* a relation mu/ produce a va/ am\nt ( improvem5t & happ9ess to bo?8 ,*ildr5 & inf]ior p]sons (t5 %[ !mselves1 ^u ! slighte/ temptation1 false & cruel1--(t5 ! inh]itance ( p>5tal imp]fection4 ,absolute comm&1 su/a9$ by physical =ce1 has alone be5 f\nd suffici5t to eradicate ^! old1 & to f\nd new habits ( tru?fulness & humanity4 ,true1 ! ,scripture ass]ts t all m5 are equal 9 ! sight ( ,god1 j z a fa!r feels an equal p>5tal reg>d = all 8 *ildr54 ,! philosophic m9d _c well conceive o!rwise ?an t ,god feels an equal reg>d = all p>ts ( 8 creation2 = 8,! glory ( ! ,"l %all endure = ev]3 ! ,"l %all rejoice 9 8 "w40 ,b ?is view rea*es n ! physical fact2 = ! fa!r hesitates n to place a gu>dian ov] 8 wayw>d *ild1 or dis9h]it ! utt]ly wor?less4 ,s ,god 8turne? man to de/ruction2 & saye?1 ,return1 ye *ildr5 ( m540 ,& h[ gladly w\ld ! p>5t provide ! fatt$ calf = ! wor?less son ^u 8 return to hon\r & virtue6 ,s !re is m joy 9 heav5 ov] ! return ( "o s9n] ?an ov] n9ety-n9e :o h n gone a/ray4 ,! m]cy ( ,god %9es ^u ! _w 9 floods ( cele/ial light2 = ,*ri/ianity1 9 its passports to heav51 judges all m5 by _! own acts4 ,!re=e1 ! mo/ degrad$ nature1 ^u a sight ( its de=mity1 may feel an un*angeable regret1 & inh]it its portion4 ,"h ,*ri/ianity itself po9ts ! way to progressive improvem5t1 & comm&s *ildr5 to obey _! p>5ts1 wives _! husb&s1 & s]vants _! ma/]s4 ,! grace ( ,god is z op5ly manife/$ 9 ! welf>e ( ! *ild or slave1 :5 produc$ ?r\gh ! int]position ( ! p>5t or ma/]1 z if ! int]position _h be5 m imm$iate4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,iv4 ,intellect is n f\nd to exi/ only 9 connection ) a correspond+ physical organization4 ,9 ! family ( man1 if t :i* may appe> a good organization is accompani$ by an inf]ior intellect1 we may suspect our nice accuracy ( disc]nm5t1 r ?an a discrepancy 9 ! op]ation ( ! g5]al law2 s also :]e we may seem to p]ceive a good intellect1 b :i* produces inf]ior or unwor?y results4 ,we d n always notice ! small /eps ( deg5]ation4 ,(t5 ! fir/ notice we take is ( ! fact ( a *ang$ condition1 z prov$ by ! results3 8,by _! fruits ye %all "k !m40 ,! idea t intellect & m5tal developm5t c be indep5d5t ( physical organization is an absurdity4 ,a suppress$ or incomplete organization mu/ arre/ a fur!r enl>gem5t ( ! m5tal faculties4 ,^! faculties may be improv$1 br\ght into action1 or ev5 _! action to "s ext5t suppress$1 by gov]nm5t & culture4 ,su* inde$ are ! guides to progressive improvem5t4 ,,explanation3--,man has no organization by :i* he c\ld build a honey-comb l a bee4 ,w any culture appli$ to him tea* him8 ,man has no organization by :i* he c closely exam9e spiritual exi/5ces3 8 ideas ab\t !m are !re=e v>iant & confus$4 ,:o w arrange _! /udy into a sci5ce8 ,man has no organization by :i* he c fully compreh5d ,god4 ,w he ev] d s 9 8 pres5t /ate8 ,are1 !n1 ! actions ( ! *ild1 & ( ^? p]sons ^: m5tal developm5t has be5 arre/$ at a v e>ly /age1 7z has be5 suppos$ ! case ) ! l[] ord]s ( animals1 & ( ^? animals !mselves17 ! result ( "s faculty or m5tal p[] diff]5t f m9d8 ,! result ( in/9ct8 ,& :at is in/9ct b m9d 9 ! e>ly dawn ( its developm5t8 ,are n su* actions z ! *ick break+ its %ell1 ! "y-born infant receiv+ its natural food1 ! necess>y consequ5ts ( ! /ate ( _! infantile organization1 :i* ! e>lie/ developm5t ( m9d c\ld prompt & enable !m to put =?2 & w x be deem$ beyond ! rea* ( reason1 to prove t ) ! diff]5ce ( maturity 9 organization & developm5t1 ! same g5]al connection ( m9d & organization is f\nd1 ?r\gh ! entire ( life z well z infancy8 ,philosoph]s h1 ) indefatigable lab\r1 endeav\r$ to enlight5 ! _w on ! subject ( in/9ct4 ,c we be p>don$ if we sugge/ t _! !ories on ?is subject signally prove !y 7 b m58 ,des ,c>tes says--8,brutes are ma*9es )\t s5sation or ideas2 t _! actions are ! result ( ext]nal =ce1 z ! s\nd ( an organ is ! result ( ! air be+ =c$ ?r\gh ! pipes40 ,?is is 8 8in/9ct40 ,if ?is be true1 !n x foll[s t e action 9 ! mat]ial _w is in/9ct4 ,!n ! ?und] utt]s its voice1 ! e>? quakes1 & ! telegraph works by 8in/9ct40 ,yet1 8 !ory has f\nd an advocate 9 t v classical ,lat9 poem1 8,anti ,lucretius10 by ,c>d9al ,polignac4 ,dr4 ,reid su/a9s ! me*anical nature ( brutes1 b classifies _! actions into ^? ( habit & ^? ( in/9ct4 ,dr4 ,d>w9 says t in/9ct is m5tal1 & t ! actions ( brutes result f faculties1 ! same 9 nature z ^? ( man1 b extremely limit$4 ,smellie takes ! same view4 ,yet ,d>w9 ass]ts t in/9ct is ! reason2 & ,smellie1 t reason is ! result ( in/9ct4 ,cudwor? says t in/9ct is an int]m$iate p[]1 tak+ rank betwe5 m9d & matt]1 yet (t5 vibrat+ f "o to ! o!r4 ,buffon cont5ds t brutes possess an intellectual pr9ciple1 by :i* !y di/+ui% betwe5 pleasure & pa91 & desire ! "o & repel ! o!r4 ,?is is 8 in/9ct4 ,reim> divides in/9ct into ?ree classes3 me*anical1 su* z ! pulsation ( ! he>t2 repres5tative1 su* z result f an imp]fect k9d ( memory1 &1 s f> z x is memory1 9 common ) mank9d2 & spontane\s1 ! same z ,buffon's4 ,cuvi] says t in/9ct consi/s ( ideas t d n result f s5sation1 b fl[ directly f ! bra96 ,dupont says t !re is no su* di/9ct faculty z in/9ct4 ,8 views are analog\s to ,d>w9 & ,smellie4 ,pope1 ,/ahl1 & o!rs say1 8,x is ! div9ity t /irs )9 u40 8,& reason raise o'er in/9ct z y c1 ,9 ?is 'tis ,god directs1 9 t 'tis man40 ,cull51 ,h(fman1 & o!rs say t in/9ct is ! 8vis m$icatrix natur40 ,dr4 ,john ,mason ,good says t 8in/9ct is ! law ( ! liv+ pr9ciple10 t 8in/9ctive actions are ! actions ( ! liv+ pr9ciple40 ,if s1 in/9ct is z applicable to vegetables z to animals4 ,dr4 ,hancock1 9 8 "w on ! ,physical & ,moral ,relations ( ,in/9ct1 has evid5tly enl>g$ on ! doctr9e ( ,pope & ,/ahl4 ,he says in/9ct is ! 8impulse10 8! inspiration ( ! ,holy ,_s20 &1 9 8 own words1 8:i* we c only reg>d z an emanation ( ,div9e wisdom40 ,he ass]ts t ! l[] we desc5d 9 ! scale ( animal organization & m5tal developm5t1 ! m active & all-p]vad+ ov] ! conduct ( ! animal is in/9ct6 ,b1 nev]!less1 holds t 8in/9ct is 9 su* animals an unconsci\s intellig5ce40 ,we mu* admire :y he did n ?9k prop] to ca/ (f f ! anci5ts ! *>ge ( a pu]ile idolatry1 on ! acc\nt ( _! wor%ip ( bulls1 calves1 alligators1 snakes1 beetles1 & bugs1 = !y mu/ h ent]ta9$ a some:at simil> notion4 ,b ! doctor goes fur!r1 & says1 t z ! l[] grades ( ! animal _w h ?is quality1 9 :i* 8! ,div9e en]gy seems to act ) mo/ unimp$$ p[]10 s ! holie/ ( m5 has x also1 b consci\sly & will+ly1 & x !n becomes 8 rul+ pr9ciple1 8,div9e c\nsellor1 8 nev]-fail+ help1 a light to 8 feet1 & a lant]n to 8 pa?40 7,page #eac47 ,x is q evid5t t ! doctor's in/9ct is ! same ) ! 8un]r+ consci5ce10 8! innate pr9ciple ( light10 8! moral s5se10 8! spiritual p[]10 8! ,div9e reason10 8! int]nal tea*+10 8! p]fect light ( nature10 & 8! ,div9e afflatus0 ( ! !ologico-abolition speak]s & writ]s ( ! pres5t day1 :i*1 !y say1 is ! gift ( ,god to e man4 ,?is /range error ( "s ( ^! writ]s we h already _h occasion to notice4 ,b x is to be regrett$1 = ! good cr$it ( religi\s pr(ession1 t !y did n ackn[l$ge f :om !y borr[$ ! idea2 or1 w !y at ?is late day1 excuse !mselves1 & frankly ackn[l$ge !y took x1 n f ,dr4 ,hancock1 or any o!r mod]n1 b z a d$uction f ! practices ( anci5t idolatry8 ,s9ce we h v5tur$ an op9ion on ! subject ( in/9ct1 we tru/ =giv5ess = ! introduction ( t ( o!rs4 ,our desire is to pres5t su* consid]ations z lead to ! conclusion t m5 are born into ! _w ) diff]5t physical & m5tal aptitudes3 9 %ort1 t _! corporeal & intellectual organizations are n ( equal p[]2 or1 if "s pref] ! t]m1 t _! in/9cts are n ( equal ext5t & activity4 ,= sub/antially1 ^u a contr>y hypo!sis1 are f\nd$ all ^? beautiful argum5ts 9 fav\r ( ! entire equality ( man4 ,"s :ole sy/ems ( political ju/ice are f\nd$ ^u ! proposition t !re is no innate pr9ciple2 & "o class ( philosoph]s argue t1 z !re is no innate pr9ciple1 !re=e all m5 are u%]$ into ! _w "u ! circum/ance ( p]fect equality2 consequ5tly1 all ! inequality aft]w>ds f\nd is ! result ( usurpation & inju/ice4 ,d !y =get t organization itself is innate1 & t diff]5t organizations mu/ direct ! way ?r\gh diff]5t pa?s8 ,b ^! philosoph]s /ill p]si/ t !re is no su* disp>ity among ! human race :]eby ! inf]iority ( "o man %all necess>ily place him 9 subjection to ano!r4 ,?is doctr9e is p]haps confut$ by practice bett] ?an by argum5t4 ,c\nsellor ,quibble saw 8 cli5t ,/ultus 9 ! /ocks1 on :i* he cries out1 8,x is contr>y to law4 ,! c\rt has no su* p[]4 ,!y _c d x40 ,nev]!less1 ,/ultus is /ill 9 ! /ocks6 ,b :at w\ld x avail1 ev5 if all m5 7 born equals8 ,c\ld !y all /& 9 ! same foot/eps1 d ! same ?+s1 ?9k ! same ?\ghts1 & be resolv$ into a unit8 ,:o does n p]ceive ! contr>y8--b t f _! bir? !y mu/ /& 9 diff]5t foot/eps1 walk 9 diff]5t pa?s1 ?9k diff]5t ?+s1 &1 9 ! j\rney ( life1 arrive at diff]5t degrees ( weal?1 hon\r1 k1 & p[]8 ,m5 organiz$ into "s =m ( gov]nm5t _c be equal2 because ! v ?+1 gov]nm5t1 proves ! contr>y3 among p]fect equals1 gov]nm5t is an impossibility4 ,if laws 7 prescrib$1 !y c\ld nev] be execut$ until "s ( ^! equals %all h great] p[] ?an ^? :o infr+e !m4 ,man is nev] f\nd s holy z to puni% himself = 8 own impulses4 ,?us ! idea ( gov]nm5t among equals is a silly fiction4 ,m5 )\t gov]nm5t _c be equal1 because ! /rong w h p[] ov] ! weak4 ,! inequality ( m5 is ! prog5itor ( all civil compact4 ,"o man is /rong1 ano!r weak2 "o wise1 ano!r fooli%3 "o virtu\s1 ano!r vici\s3 ea* "o yield+ himself to a place 9 ! compact1 all acquire additional protection1 especially s long z all %all adh]e to ! t]ms ( ! compact4 ,b ! compact itself is ! result ( ! proposition t ! majority %all h m p[] ?an ! m9ority1 because !y are suppos$ to h m animal =ce1 & t !y hold ! evid5ce ( a m l(ty m5tal developm5t4 ,"h has sprung =? ! doctr9e t ! good ( ! great] "p is ! good ( ! :ole3 h5ce1 "u ?is sy/em1 an oppos+ fraction is (t5 sacrific$ to ! rul+ p[]4 ,we mu/ "h rem>k t ?is doctr9e 0 *ang$ at an e>ly day into1 8,! good ( ! rul+ p[] is ! good ( ! :ole40 ,al?\gh n a "p ( our /udy1 we may turn aside "h to rem>k t1 f ?is monad 9 ! composition ( ! doctr9es ( gov]nm5t1 did emanate ! idea ( all ^? /range sacrifices t n[ de=m ! pages ( anci5t idolatry4 ,9 its aid ! idol div9ity v\*$ its influ5ce1 & ! daught] ( ,ham yield$ h] new-born to ! flam+ embraces ( h] god4 ,ev5 n[ ! anci5t s\rces ( ! ,ganges /ill p\r d[n _! holy wat]s1 are /ill dr9k+ 9 an excessive population f ! arms ( ! ,h9doo "m4 ,nor is ?is idea only an anci5t ?\ght2 x is n half a c5tury s9ce x 0 broa*$ 9 "o ( ! ,european p>liam5ts to s h$ge ar\nd ! in/itution ( m>riage ) ?orny imp$im5ts1 t none excessively poor c\ld legally propagate4 ,b to our m9ds ^! ?+s /rangely %[ =? ! facts t prove 8m5 are n equal40 ,b ev5 ! l[e/ grades yield _! ob$i5ce1 & are protect$ f great] evils4 ,ev5 ?\gh !y may h be5 s l[ z to h n be5 able to take any "p 9 ! =mation ( ! compact1 yet !y are z c]ta9ly b5efit$ z ! mo/ elevat$4 ,su* has be5 ! condition ( ! race ?r\gh all "t1 :ile falsehood has (t5 m+l$ 9 h] +r$i5ts1 add+ mis]y to ! degradation ( man2--= x is truly obs]vable t falsehood has = ev] l$ to deep] degradation1 to an increas$ dep>ture f ! laws ( civil rule4 ,s f> z human intellect has ?read$ its way along ! pa? ( tru? & ?r\gh ! mazes ( human depravity1 s f> has man improv$ 8 condition by increas+ 8 k & p[]1--:ile a rev]s$ condition has ev] att5d$ a retrograde movem5t4 ,may n ! conclusion !n be _h1 su* is ! ord9ance ( ,god6 ,b equality among m5 is a *im]a1 n possible to be r$uc$ to practice1 nor desirable if x c\ld be4 ,!y nev] 7 s1 nor 0 x int5d$ !y ev] %\ld be4 ,ca9 & ,abel 7 n equal3 ,god told ,ca9 t if he behav$ well1 he %\ld h rule ov] ,abel2 b if he did n1 he %\ld suff] ! consequ5ces ( s94 8,:o art ?\ t replie/ aga9/ ,god8 ,%all ! ?+ =m$ say unto him t =m$ x1 ,:y ha/ ?\ made me ?us8 ,ha? n ! pott] p[] ov] ! clay1 ( ! same lump to make "o vessel to hon\r & ano!r to di%on\r80 ,rom4 ix4 #bj1 #ba4 8,:o ha? made !e to diff] "o f ano!r80 #a ,cor4 iv4 #g4 8,& ! ,"l said unto h]1 ,two nations are 9 ?y womb2 & two mann] ( p %all be sep>at$ f ?y b[els2 & ! "o p %all be /rong] ?an ! o!r p1 & ! old] %all s]ve 7 ya avod1 be a slave to7 ! y\ng]40 ,g54 xxv4 #bc4 ,see also ,rom4 ix4 #ab4 ,c ! inequality ( man be m /rongly inculcat$8 ,& ,/4 ,paul seems to sugge/ t su* inequality w exi/ h]eaft]4 8,!re is "o glory ( ! sun1 ano!r glory ( ! moon1 & ano!r glory ( ! />s2 = z "o /> diff]e? f ano!r /> 9 glory1 s also is ! resurrection ( ! dead40 #a ,cor4 xv4 #da1 #db4 ,! idea t ! s\ls ( m5 are unequal 9 a future /ate ( exi/5ce seems to be consonant ) ! fai? ( mo/ ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur*es4 8,& 8 "l said unto him1 ,well done1 ?\ good & fai?ful s]vant3 ?\ ha/ be5 fai?ful ov] a few ?+s1 ,i w make !e rul] ov] _m ?+s3 ent] ?\ into ! joy ( ?y "l4 ,= unto e "o t ha? %all be giv51 & he %all h abundance2 b f him t ha? n1 %all be tak5 away ev5 t he ha?2 & ca/ ye ! unpr(itable s]vant into out] d>kness3 !re %all be weep+ & gna%+ ( tee?40 ,matt4 xxv4 #ba1 #bi1 #cj4 ,"s politicians say1 gov]nm5t is f\nd$ on op9ion4 ,be x s2 yet op9ion is pr$icat$ ^u ! v incid5ts ( m5's conduct1 :i*1 :5 analyz$1 are f\nd to prove _! inequality4 ,s also1 :51 by ! aid ( ! compact =m$1 "o individual holds a "p ( ! community 9 subjection1 su* ext5d$ rule is dep5d5t on ! same pr9ciples z ! elem5t>y case4 ,! tru? is1 human society nev] rec$es f> f elem5t>y influ5ces1 not)/&+ all ! artificials 9 gov]nm5t t ev] h or ev] c be br\ght into use4 ,! conditions to gov]n & to be 9 subjection necess>ily imply sup]iority & inf]iority3 *ange ^! relative qualities1 & ! condition ( ! p>ties is *ang$ also4 ,b1 ^u ! organization ( society1 9 all c\ntries & at all times1 we f9d inequality 9 ! conditions ( m51 gr[+ out ( _! social /ate2 di/9ctions betwe5 !m1 affect+ _! p]sonal consid]ations1 & (t5 dispos+ ( !m = life4 ,?us1 9 "o c\ntry a man is born a mon>*1 9 ano!r a prie/ ( ! ,"l1 a pr9ce1 a pe]1 a noble1 a common]1 a freeman1 a s]f1 a slave4 ,?is arrangem5t ( ! conditions ( social & civil life1 f long habit1 may well be said to become con/itutional1 & necess>y to ! happ9ess ( t society1 al?\gh !reby "o may seem =c$ to be a t9k] & ano!r a tailor4 ,h5ce we inf]1 inequality among m5 is ! necess>y result ( ! rules ( civil life4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,v4 ,ju/ice1 z a g5]al t]m1 means all moral duty4 ,"o ( its rules is1 t we %\ld 8love our neighb\rs z ourselves40 ,"s m5 h con/ru$ ?is to include ea* individual ( ! human family4 ,su* con/ruction we deem to be error4 ,! ^w 8neighb\r10 z "h us$1 includes ^? virtues :i* r5d] "o good man acceptable to ano!r & to ,god4 8,& :o is my neighb\r80 8,& ,jesus answ]$ & said1 ,a c]ta9 man w5t d[n f ,j]usalem to ,j]i*o1 & fell among ?ieves1 :i* /ripp$ him1 & dep>t$1 leav+ him half dead4 ,& by *ance !re came d[n a c]ta9 prie/ t way1 & :5 he saw him1 he pass$ by on ! o!r side4 ,& likewise a ,levite1 :5 he 0 at ! place1 came & look$ on him1 & pass$ by on ! o!r side4 ,b a c]ta9 ,sam>itan1 z he j\rney$1 came :]e he 03 & :5 he saw him1 he _h compassion on him1 & w5t to him & b\nd up 8 w\nds1 p\r+ 9 oil & w9e1 & set him on 8 own bea/1 & br\ght him to an inn1 & took c>e ( him4 ,& on ! morr[1 :5 he dep>t$1 he took out two p5ce1 & gave !m to ! ho/1 & said unto him1 ,take c>e ( him1 & :atsoev] ?\ sp5de/ m1 :5 ,i come aga9 ,i w repay !e40 ,luke x4 #cj-cf4 ,:o has giv5 a bett] def9ition ( ! ^w neighb\r8 ,& h[ %all we e/eem him1 :o1 in/ead ( lov+ su* an "o z himself1 %all treat him ) +ratitude1 fraud1 & cruelty8 8,god is angry ) ! wick$ e day40 ,ps4 vii4 #b4 ,if to 8love our neighb\r z ourselves0 implies t we %\ld love all m5 equally alike1 x also necess>ily w imply a subv]sion ( ord]1 & consequ5tly lead to acts ( inju/ice1 because all m5 are n equal4 8,= if any provide n = 8 own1 & especially = ^? ( 8 own h\se1 he ha? d5i$ ! fai?1 & is worse ?an an infidel40 #a ,tim4 v4 #h4 ,x w\ld be ungrateful & unju/ to n save a p>5t f dea? 9 pref]5ce to a /rang]--! life ( him on :om ! life & happ9ess ( ?\s&s dep5d$1 9 pref]5ce to an obscure individual4 ,"o man may be ( m value to me1 & to ! public1 ?an ano!r1 because he is fur!r remov$ f be+ a m]e animal4 ,he has m k1 m p[]1 & does disp5se m happ9ess to 8 fell[-man4 ,a v evil man & a good "o may be 9 ! vic9ity or else:]e2 b to reg>d !m equally alike is a contradiction ( ,*ri/ian duty4 ,:5 we love our neighb\r z ourselves1 we love ! man1 8 acts1 8 "*2 b :5 we are taught to love our enemies1 ! m9d rea*es him z a creature ( ,god1 our err+ fell[-mortal1 our bro!r /eep$ 9 s9--& we look ^u him ) pity1 =giv5ess2 & yet hate 8 qualities & conduct4 ,! cases are q dissimil>4 8,love n ! _w1 nei!r ! ?+s t are 9 ! _w4 ,if any man love ! _w1 ! love ( ! ,fa!r is n 9 him40 #a ,john ii4 #ae4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,vi4 ,virtue is always an appellant to ju/ice4 ,x is manife/$ by ! acts ( an intellig5t be+ ( correct & b5evol5t motives1 contribut+ to ! g5]al good4 ,consequ5tly an act1 h[ev] b5evol5t may h be5 ! motive ( ! actor1 _c be a virtu\s act if x h an evil t5d5cy4 ,ignorance c nev] be virtue3 s1 no man c be virtu\s :o acts f a wick$ motive1 h[ev] b5eficial may be ! result4 ,! motive mu/ be pure1 & ! effect good1 be=e ! act or ! actor is virtu\s4 ,a man1 may be virtu\s1 b 9 s l[ a degree z to n m]it ! appellation3 we mu/ comp>e :at he does1 ) :at he has ! p[] ( do+4 ,! wid['s mite may be an example4 ,we submit ! inquiry--,is n ! d$uction cle>1 t m5 are n equal--nei!r physically1 religi\sly1 m5tally1 or morally8 ,c !y !n be s politically8 ,w n ! proposition be correct1 t political equality c nev] exi/ ) an inequality 9 ^! previ\s t]ms8 ,raynal has said1 we ?9k correctly1 8t equality w always be an un9telligible fiction1 s long z ! capacities ( m5 are unequal1 & _! claims h nei!r gu>antee nor sanction by :i* !y c be en=c$40 8,on a dit que n\s avions t\s les mmes droits4 ,j'ignore ce que c'e/ que les mmes droits1 o il y a 9galit de tal5s ou de =ce1 et nulle g>antie1 nulle sanction40 ,raynal1 ,revolution d',am]ique1 p4 #cd4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,vii4 ,! rules ( ,*ri/ianity are always coadjuvant to ^? ( ju/ice4 ,! lea/ deviation f ju/ice beg9s to m>k ! un*ri/ian "*4 8,j balances1 j weights1 a j epha & a j h9 %all ye h40 ,lev4 xix4 #cf4 8,b ?\ %alt h a p]fect & j weight1 a p]fect & j measure %alt ?\ h2 t ?y days may be l5g!n$ 9 ! l& :i* ! ,"l ?y ,god give? !e40 ,deut4 xxv4 #ae4 8,ye %all h a j balance & a j epha1 & a j ba?40 ,ezek4 xlv4 #aj4 8,ju/ice & judgm5t are ! habitation ( ?y ?rone2 m]cy & tru? %all g be=e ?y face40 ,ps4 lxxxix4 #ad4 8,z ,i he> ,i judge1 & my judgm5t is j40 8,f9ally1 bre?r51 :atsoev] ?+s are true1 :atsoev] ?+s are hone/1 :atsoev] ?+s are j1 :atsoev] ?+s are pure1 :atsoev] ?+s are lovely1 :atsoev] ?+s are ( good report1 if !re be any virtue1 if !re be any praise1 ?9k on ^? ?+s40 ,phil4 iv4 #h4 ,b ju/ice1 z an act emanat+ f ! rules ( "r1 is :olly dep5d5t on ! law3 ) ! abolition ( all law1 ju/ice or its opposite w\ld cease to exi/4 ,we are aw>e !re are a class :o say t ,*ri/ians h no?+ to d ) ! law ( ,god2 t !y believe 9 ,*ri/1 & are excus$ f ob$i5ce to ! law2 t !y are n "u ! law1 b ! gospel2 t ! law to !m is ( none effect2 t ! laws ( ,god z reveal$ to ,moses h be5 repeal$2--or r !y seem to h b a confus$ idea ( :at !y d believe t\*+ ! matt]1 :ile !y fa%ion a !ory ( ,div9e provid5ce to suit _! own fancies1 & sub/antially1 by _! own h&s1 fa%ion ,jehovah into an idol1 al?\gh n ( wood or /one1 yet z mu* 9 con=mity to _! own notions2 p]haps b little ?9k+ t _! notions may h aris5 f pride or ignorance4 ,we _c promise any b5efit by address+ su*4 ,he :o d>es take ! "* ( ,jehovah into keep+1 select+ f among ! manife/ations ( 8 provid5ce1 & decide ?is law to be repeal$1 or ?is only 9 =ce1 w\ld seem to be z f> beyond ! rea* ( human reason z 8 position is beyond ! b\nds ( moral s5se4 ,b let u1 :o claim n s high pr]ogative1 :o are able only to notice "s fa9t emanations ( ! ,div9e m9d1 z ,he has se5 fit to reveal himself to our feeble p]ceptions1--:o h be5 taught by ! ex]cise ( fai? to p]ceive !m 9 ! holy books ( 8 record ( :at is pa/1 & ! pres5t display ( 8 p[] & rule 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! _w1--take c\nsel toge!r1 & exam9e & comp>e ! tea*+s !y may give ( ! un*angeabl5ess (1 & our relation )1 ! laws ( ,god4 ,! ,creator ( ?+s may be deem$ able to impose su* relations betwe5 ! ?+s creat$ z he may judge suitable to effect ! object _h 9 _! creation4 ,su* relations we call law2 because1 z we notice ?+s1 !y are ! rules by :i* !y act or are act$ ^u4 ,s f> z human reason has be5 able to exam9e1 su* laws are z un*angeable z ! ,deity :o impos$ !m4 ,to su* c]ta9ty & un*angeabl5ess we give ! "n ( tru?1 & h5ce we say ,god is tru?1 hav+ ref]5ce to ! un*angeabl5ess ( 8 nature & ( 8 laws4 ,) ! idea ( ! *angeability ( 8 laws1 ( necessity mu/ be associat$ ! idea ( ! *angeability ( ,god himself4 ,! wick$ness ( su* argum5t is ann\nc$ 9 its t5d5cy to ! de?ronem5t ( ,jehovah4 ,x 0 ! v argum5t us$ by ! s]p5t 9 ,ed54 ,! conclusion is1 x is inconsi/5t ) ! ,deity t 8 laws %\ld be repeal$2 ! same circum/ance1 "u :i* 8 law has be5 notic$ to manife/ itself1 reappe>+1 & x is aga9 develop$4 ,!y are ! laws ( et]nity4 ,!y are ! voice ( ,god4 ,! doctr9e ( ! gospel is bold & pla9 ^u ?is subject4 8,:]e=e ! law is holy1 & ! comm&m5t holy & j & good40 ,rom4 vii4 #ab4 8,n[ we "k t :at ?+s soev] ! law sai?1 x sai? to !m :o are "u ! law1 t e m\? may be /opp$1 & all ! _w may become guilty be=e ,god4 ,!re=e by ! de$s ( ! law1 !re %all no fle% be ju/ifi$ 9 8 sight1 = ! law is ! k ( s940 8,d we !n make void ! law ?r\gh fai?8 ,god =bid2 yea1 we e/abli% ! law40 ,rom4 iii4 #ai1 #bj1 #ca4 8,:osoev] committe? s9 transgresse? also ! law1 = s9 is ! transgression ( ! law40 #a ,john iii4 #d4 8,?9k n t ,i am come to de/roy ! law or ! prophets2 ,i am n come to de/roy1 b to fulfil4 ,:osoev] !re=e %all break "o ( ^! lea/ comm&m5ts1 & %all tea* s to d1 he %all be call$ ! lea/ 9 ! k+dom ( heav52 b :osoev] %all d & tea* !m1 ! same %all be call$ great 9 ! k+dom ( heav540 ,matt4 v4 #ag1 #ai4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,viii4 ,ano!r ( ! rules ( ,*ri/ian ju/ice :i* w be f\nd applicable to our subject1 is1 8,!re=e all ?+s :atsoev] ye w\ld t m5 %\ld d unto y1 d ye ev5 s unto !m3 = ?is is ! law & ! prophets40 ,matt4 vii4 #ab4 ,! rem>ks made ^u ! fir/ rule are 9 "s measure applicable to ?is4 ,! desire ( some?+ to be done mu/ be f\nd$ on good reason & con=mable to ju/ice4 ,folly ev] m>ks an unreasonable desire2 & t desire is always unju/ :i* m]ely rea*es to ! tak+ f ano!r )\t ! correspond+ desire to reciprocate4 ,su* desires are *ang$ in/antly into ! action ( ! m9d call$ 8covet+10 & are mo/ /rictly =bidd51 = ?is good reason1 t v action ( ! m9d is a m5tal !ft2 & ! moral wick$ness 9 ! individual 8covet+0 is ! same z ?\gh he 7 practically a ?ief4 ,b1 fur!r1 ! desire mu/ be pr$icat$ ^u a presumable condition3 =1 by ! rule1 x w\ld be unju/ to desire t :i* x w\ld n be possible to h done to u2 s x w\ld be to desire any o!r impossibility4 ,suppose ,a4 %\ld desire t y w\ld make him ri*1 does x foll[ t he mu/ make y ri* :5 he has no ability to d s8 ,! case is n f\nd$ ^u a presumable condition1 nor1 on good reason1 ^u a desire to reciprocate1 consequ5tly unju/4 ,b suppose ,a4 feels anxi\s = y\r w>m reg>d = 8 prosp]ity 9 8 lawful und]/&+s1 "h ! desire rea*es to no?+ unju/1 to no disord] 9 society1 or beyond y\r p[]1 & cle>ly )9 8 p[] to reciprocate2 he is !n b\nd by ! rule to feel a w>m desire = y\r prosp]ity 9 all y\r lawful und]tak+s4 ,& :o does n p]ceive t if "o desires y\r good wi%es1 he mu/ ( necessity feel good wi%es = y4 ,:e!r ! desire imply m]ely a m5tal or physical action1 simil> examples w illu/rate4 ,! rule is truly a gold5 "o1 &1 s f> z act$ ^u1 b9ds society toge!r 9 peace & good-w4 ,x is q analog\s to ! tw5ty-f\r? maxim ( ,confucius1 :i* reads ?us3 8,d unto ano!r z ?\ w\ld be dealt ) ?yself2 ?\ only ne$e/ ?is law alone3 x is ! f\ndation & pr9ciple ( all ! re/40 ,& is 9 _s ) ! fifty-?ird maxim ( ! same philosoph]3 8,ackn[l$ge ! b5efits by ! return ( o!r b5efits2 b nev] rev5ge injuries40 ,we tru/ ! rule is none ! less sacr$ because x 0 reveal$ to man at an e>ly p]iod4 ,let u illu/rate ! correctness ( ^! views by ! inconsi/5cy ( ^? opposite4 ,o!rs say t if we 7 9 slav]y we %\ld wi% to be made free1 !re=e we are b\nd by ?is rule to set free all :o are 9 slav]y n[4 ,if ?is be true1 9 ord] t ! :ole circle ( action may be consi/5t1 !re mu/ be ano!r l9k add$ to ! *a92 h5ce we f9d t ! advocates ( ?is int]pretation say1 also1 8t same inw>d pr9ciple :i* tea*es a man :at he is b\nd to d = o!rs1 tea*es equally1 & at ! same in/ant1 :at o!rs are b\nd to d to him40 ,*ann+1 vol4 ii4 p4 #cc4 ,?is proposition inevitably foll[s ! prec$+2 = :o is he t c say among m5 t t is a good rule :i* is n reciprocal4 ,?is imag9>y rule w\ld p]haps be less obnoxi\s 9 case ( univ]sal equality4 ,=1 9 t case1 we may suppose an univ]sal equality ( desire1 )\t :i* "o wi%es "o ?+ & ano!r its opposite4 ,b s long z ,god rules1 univ]sal equality c only happ5 9 case ( univ]sal p]fection1 9 :i* case nei!r s9 nor slav]y c exi/1 & 9 :i* case ! argum5t w n be want$4 ,b ! rule z left by ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 made = man 9 8 fall5 /ate4 ,b aga91 if ! int]pretation ( our oppon5ts be true1 !n ! proposition may be resolv$ into ?is /ate3--,a4 is z mu* b\nd by ! desire ( ,b4 z by 8 own1 & ! :ole _w is fully b\nd by bo?4 ,b ! :ole _w individually desire adv]sely to ea* o!r1 yet ea* desire is to be h>moni\sly gratifi$4 ,let ea* "o make out ! examples2 we ?9k !y w f9d !m extremely ridicul\s 9 ! result4 ,! doctr9e involves pla9ly ! mo/ gross contradictions1 & is !re=e a nak$ nullity4 ,aga91 if x be ! law ( ,god1 t because we desire a ?+1 !re=e we are b\nd to give t ?+ to ano!r1 x implies t ! desire 0 ! manife/ation ( ,god's w2 9 %ort1 t ! desire 0 a portion ( 8 reveal$ law2 consequ5tly1 :atev] any man desires is a portion ( inspiration4 ,h5ce ,*ann+ says1 7page z above17 88 consci5ce1 9 reveal+ ! moral law1 does n reveal a law = himself only1 b speaks z a univ]sal legislator40 ,n[ x foll[s1 t1 z ea* man desires an opposite1 !re=e !re are z _m opposite sy/ems ( ! laws ( ,god z !re are individuals :o desire !m2 9 o!r words1 x w\ld be mak+ ,god's law j :at ea* "o desir$ x to be4 ,?us mak+ ! law ( ,god a p]fect nullity4 ,b aga91 if ! int]pretation ( ! gold5 rule1 z employ$ by !m :o use x to inculcate imm$iate emancipation1 be true1 !n x contradicts ! _s ( ! comm&1 8,?\ %alt n covet ?y neighb\r's h\se4 ,?\ %alt n covet ?y neighb\r's wife2 nor 8 man-s]vant1 7 ve ab$do1 male slave17 nor 8 maid-s]vant1 7 va ama?o1 female slave17 nor 8 ox1 nor 8 ass1 nor any ?+ t is ?y neighb\r's40 ,exod4 xx4 #ag4 ,"h ! ^w 8covet0 is us$ to mean a /rong desire )\t ! wi% or ability to reciprocate2 !re=e )\t good reason--consequ5tly unju/4 ,x is ! same ex]cise ( ! m9d t leads a man to acts ( !ft t is "h =bidd53 an ex]cise ( ! m9d t leads to _m disord]s 9 society1 & h5ce ?is comm&4 ,! comm& does n ext5d to him :o desires 8 neighb\r's h\se1 man-s]vant1 maid-s]vant1 ox1 or ass1 ^u ! condition t ! desire is f\nd$ ^u good reason4 ,! neighb\r hav+ ! w & p[] to "p )1 & he :o desires ! p[] & w to reciprocate1 ^! qualifications br+ ! desire )9 ! purview ( ! gold5 rule1 & remove all t5d5cy to disord]s 9 society4 ,to buy & sell ) ! view to reciprocate ga91 has a v /rong t5d5cy to b9d society toge!r 9 peace & good-w4 ,9 ! lesson ( ! gold5 rule1 ! ,savi\r gave a *eck to impetu\s & improp] desires1--to ! wick$ & improp] hank]+ aft] ! sub/ance or condition ( o!rs1--by br++ to view ! propriety ( p]=m+ !mselves su* acts z !y dem&$ ( o!rs3 t !y %\ld prove !mselves wor?y ( ! solicit$ fav\r by a reciprocity ( feel+ & action4 ,?is we ?9k evid5t f :at prec$es3 8,if !n ye1 be+ evil1 "k h[ to give good gifts unto y\r *ildr51 h[ mu* m %all y\r ,fa!r t is 9 heav5 give good ?+s unto !m t ask him40 ,! doctr9e ( ! gold5 rule seems to be (t5 misund]/ood4 ,we quote f ! great ,seld53 8,guid$ by ju/ice & m]cy1 d unto all m5 z y w\ld h !m d to y1 7 y\r circum/ances & !irs rev]s$4 ,if ! prison] %\ld ask ! judge :e!r he w\ld be cont5t to be hang$ 7 he 9 8 case1 he w\ld answ]1 ,no6 ,!n says ! prison]1 ,d z y w\ld be done to4 ,nei!r ( !m mu/ d z private m52 b ! judge mu/ d by him z !y h publicly agre$3 t is1 bo? judge & prison] h cons5t$ to ! law1 t if ei!r ( !m /eal1 he %all be hang$40 ,seld54 8,if ! wick$e/ wret*es among y\rselves1 ! mo/ peevi%1 weak1 & ill-natur$ ( y all1 w readily give good gifts to _! *ildr5 :5 !y cry = !m1 h[ mu* r w ! great ,god1 inf9ite 9 goodness1 be/[ bless+s on 8 *ildr5 :o endeav\r to resemble him 9 8 p]fections1 & = t ask 8 grace & o!r spiritual & heav5ly bless+s20 b ,god grants ^! bless+s alone ^u ?is condition1 t1 8animat$ by 8 goodness1 y /udy to express y\r gratitude = x by y\r integrity & k9dness to y\r fell[-creatures1 treat+ !m 9 e in/ance z y w\ld ?9k x reasonable to be treat$ by !m1 if y 7 9 _! circum/ances1 & !y 9 y\rs2 = ?is is1 9 effect1 a summ>y & ab/ract ( all ! human & social virtues recomm5d$ 9 ! moral precepts ( ! law & ! prophets1 & x 0 "o ( ! greate/ ends ( bo? to br+ m5 to ?is equitable & amiable temp]40 ,doddridge4 ,su* are ! comm5ts ( ^! m5 ^u ?is subject4 ,b p]mit u to rem>k t ! ^w man-s]vant1 9 ! comm& j quot$1 is translat$ f ! ,hebrew eb$1 & means :at we mean by ! ^w slave4 ,& let x be rememb]$ t1 9 ! decalogue1 9 "o ( ! orig9al laws ( ,god ! ,fa!r1 deliv]$ to ,moses f ,s9ai1 ! slave is class$ ) ! ox1 ! ass1 9 %ort1 ) all o!r prop]ty1 z an article ( possession2 & t we are comm&$ n to h a desire to *ange ! possession unju/ly4 ,& t1 by a fair int]pretation ( ! gold5 rule issu$ by ! liv+ lips ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 if we reasonably & ju/ly desire to *ange ! possession1 we mu/ hone/ly reciprocate ! full value !re(4 ,let ! c&id _w1 ! tru?-se>*+ philosoph]1 & ! humble ,*ri/ian exam9e1 & say :e!r ^! conclusions are n f\nd$ on reason1 ju/ice1 & ! laws ( ,god4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,ix4 ,we suppose all ,*ri/ians w agree t ,god is a ,_s et]nal & inf9ite1 un*angeable & unacc\ntable1 omnipot5t1 omnipres5t1 & omnisci5t1 mo/ wise1 mo/ true1 mo/ holy1 & mo/ good1 )\t beg9n+ or )\t end4 ,su* f et]nity 7 8 qualities1 & su* to et]nity !y w rema94 ,9 contemplation ( ^! *>act]i/ics ( ,jehovah1 we are l$ to d$uce t ,god mu/ orig9ally & ess5tially )9 himself be et]nally happy4 8,my c\nsel %all /&1 & ,i w d all my pleasure40 ,isa4 xlvi4 #aj4 ,if x is prop] to say t ,god has desires1 !n x mu/ be 8 desire t 8 8c\nsel %all /&10 because x is inconsi/5t ) happ9ess to be unable to gratify desire or fail 9 c\nsel2 besides1 x w\ld prove "s defici5cy ( p[]4 ,be=e ,god creat$ "s o!r be+ or ?+1 he exi/$ alone4 ,c x be said he _h wants8 ,= :at purpose !n did he create o!r ?+s8 ,:at object _h he 9 view8 ,! object mu/ h be5 wor?y ( call+ =? 8 action4 ,:at o!r object c\ld h be5 wor?y ( 8 action ?an himself8 ,because 8 "w mu/ 9 all its p>ts reflect 8 p[]1 8 e quality1 we mu/ !re=e conclude ,god is ! sole & ultimate end ( e ?+ he does4 ,if all ! lab\rs ( ,deity 7 n solely = himself1 !n ( ! greatness & rectitude ( _m ( 8 provid5ces & acts1 p]haps none c\ld ev] be compreh5d$ or ev5 p]ceiv$ by mortals4 ,= ,god legislates n m]ely = a city1 a tribe or nation1 b = ! univ]se3 n = an h\r1 a day or a ?\s& ye>s1 b = et]nity4 8,i "k t :atsoev] ,god doe? x %all be = ev]3 no?+ c be put to x1 nor any ?+ tak5 f x2 & ,god doe? x1 t m5 %all fe> be=e him40 ,eccl4 iii4 #ad4 ,if ,god himself is ! ultimate end ( all ?+s1 !n t moral philosoph]1 a poor1 ignorant man1 a worm ( b mom5t>y exi/5ce1 mi/akes1 :o tea*es 9 sub/ance t true religion1 t is1 wor%ip ( ,god1 consi/s 9 an advantage\s1 successful1 & well-direct$ selfi%ness 9 fav\r ( himself2 =1 ^u t pr9ciple ! vile/ enemy may take %elt] "u ! cloak ( 8 adv]s>y1--b w he be ! m wor?y8 ,if ,god is ! supreme object ( creation1 !n ?is righte\s selfi%ness mu/ be 9 extreme opposition to ,god4 ,!re are important d$uctions emanat+ f ^! reflections1 :i* we are unwill+ to deprive o!rs ! pleasure ( draw+ out = !mselves4 ,! use ,god makes ( 8 creations proves ! end = :i* he made !m4 ,we might re/ "h2 b we h he>d "s say t ,god's object 9 creation 0 ! happ9ess ( all 8 s5ti5t creatures4 ,if s1 !n !y all w\ld be happy2 :i* is n ! fact4 ,human mis]y is ! fir/ object we behold ev]y:]e4 ,true1 man c nev] h a v compet5t idea ( ,god4 ,8 p[]s ( ?\ght are too l[2 8 associations too trivial4 ,b if ! object ,god _h 9 creation 0 ! developm5t ( 8 own glory1 !n !re c be no great] con=mity unto ,god ?an !re is k ( 8 "*4 ,h5ce1 :]e we see1 he>1 & le>n ! mo/ ( ,god1 we become ! mo/ pure & holy4 ,hol9ess dep5ds on a k ( ,god4 ,! reason is obvi\s3 a holy man is a m p]fect exhibition ( ! ,div9e "*4 ,if s1 !n ! happ9ess ( man dep5ds ^u 8 p]ception ( ,god4 ,!re=e man c nev] be happy only 9 proportion z he is holy4 ,b if ! glory ( ,god is ! ultimate end ( creation1 & if ! happ9ess ( 8 rational creatures dep5ds ^u _! p]ception ( him1 !n ! ultimate end secures 9 ! highe/ possible degree _! happ9ess4 ,! great cause ( human mis]y w be f\nd to proce$ f ! unqu5*able desire 9 ! unreg5]ate man to rebel aga9/ ,god--to set up a gov]nm5t ( 8 own1 m wise ?an he conceives ! gov]nm5t ( ,god to be2 9 fact1 he does n p]ceive 8 gov]nm5t1 = he has no p]ception ( him4 ,we might d$uce an argum5t 9 pro( t a p]ception ( ,god is happ9ess to man1 f ! =mation ( 8 m5tal p[]s4 ,to :om does x n give deep di/ress to behold :at we call tal5t & virtue hid 9 obscurity & b[$ d[n b5ea? oppression & want8 ,to :om does x n give great delight to p]ceive a lucid manife/ation ( ^! qualities8 ,! great object 9 ! individual creation ( man is 8 improvem5t2 8 advance t[>ds an approximation ( be+ able to see ,god z he is4 ,! bus9ess ( angels & sa9ts 9 heav5 is to int5sely seek aft] a m full k ( ,god4 ,if ! happ9ess ( man is ?us dep5d5t ^u 8 p]ception ( ! greatness & p[] ( ,god1 !n we may conclude t a cont9u$ manife/ation ( x is ess5tial to him 9 produc+ be=e 8 m9d an increas+ brilliancy ( view ( ! great ,jehovah4 ,! ord] & gradation 9 ! p[] be/[$ on ! diff]5t objects 8 h& has made1 display+ 8 =esight 9 ! "w ( creation1 f ! s]aph d[n to ! v]ie/ mite1 w\ld seem an arrangem5t t might furni% ! m9d ( man or an angel ) nev]-end+ /udy1 ) a nev]-end+ employm5t to f9d out ,god4 ,if ! wide & p]man5t div]sity ( "* & condition 9 ! pres5t _w1 & 9 t :i* is to come1--if ! relations we f9d betwe5 man & man1--if ! great sacrifice = s9 & ! r$emption wr\ght !refrom1--if ! et]nal wra? ( ,jehovah aga9/ ! incorrigible s9n]1 all 9 comb9ation manife/ ! greate/ display ( ! p[] & p]fections ( ,god2--9 %ort1 if ! provid5ces ( ,god collectively1 z we see !m manife/$ 9 ! _w1 are ! true developm5ts ( 8 "*1 !n x w foll[ t !y all1 9 comb9ation1 t]m9ate 9 ! greate/ good1 &1 9 _! ext]nal consequ5ces1 subs]ve to ! greate/ ext5t ( happ9ess to :i* ! human m9d1 9 ! pursuit ( its only legitimate employm5t1 is n[ or ev] w be susceptible4 ,! fir/ d$uction is t s9 mu/ always be accompani$ ) mis]y1 b t hol9ess is z surely accompani$ ) happ9ess1 no matt] :at may be ! physical condition4 ,x may n be improp] "h to adv]t to "o ( ! *>act]i/ics ( our intellectual con/itution1 :i* is ?is3 :atev] is pres5t$ to ! m9d call+ on its en]gy & our physical action c nev] be approa*$ by u ) any tol]able degree ( p]fect$ness unless by con/ant & long-cont9u$ repetitions2 :5ce we say1 8practice makes p]fect40 ,:]eas1 :atev] is pres5t$ :]e9 we are :olly passive1 repetition & famili>ity are 9 con/ant action to dim9i%1 weak51 & wa% out ! impressions fir/ made4 ,examples 9 pro( ( ! fir/ position are f\nd 9 ! necess>y & long-cont9u$ ex]tions be=e we become adepts 9 ! arts & practices ( civiliz$ life4 ,9 ! ,african savage1 (t51 _m g5]ations ( con/ant ex]tion 9 ! same direction are requir$ be=e t race is f\nd to h atta9$ su* a /ate ( p]fectibility 9 ^! ?+s z is requir$ to su/a9 a position 9 civiliz$ life2 & x is to ?is !y owe _! /ate ( pupilage among ! civiliz$ races4 ,examples ( ! second position are f\nd 9 ! ready & quick adaptation ( ourselves to ! condition 9 :i* we are plac$3 ev5 our s5ses1 f con/ant repetition & famili>ity1 (t5 cease to loa! t :i* 0 obnoxi\s4 ,! m9d to :i* ! />ry firmam5t is fir/ unfold$ w be fill$ ) a/oni%m5t & wond]2 b ! famili>ity ( a con/ant gaze does n ev5 excite an emotion4 ,?is *>act]i/ic ( ! human intellect gives /rong pro( ( ! p[] & wisdom ( ,god4 ,= ?r\gh its means1 all 9 civiliz$ & ,*ri/ian life & practice1 f ! k+ ^u ! ?rone d[n to ! slave1 are r5d]$ equally happy & cont5t$ ) _! condition4 ,!re=e he is n a correct philosoph] :o measures ! happ9ess ( a l[] grade 9 life by 8 own feel+s4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,x4 ,f consid]ation ( our previ\s lesson1 we %\ld make ! d$uction t ,*ri/ianity is incompatible ) savage life4 ,! ,*ri/ian c no long] be a savage1 not)/&+ ! habits ( civilization may be yet too weakly e/abli%$ to gu>anty aga9/ lapses to =m] habits4 ,! habits ( ! savage mu/ be *ang$ s z to approximate civiliz$ life be=e ,*ri/ianity c be successfully taught him4 ,h5ce "o error into :i* ! mission>y & ! tea*] ( ! ,negro sometimes fall4 ,!y conf9e _! lab\rs to in/ructions conc]n+ ! m ab/ruse doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity2 b ! savage has no capability to compreh5d !m3 8 m9d has nev] be5 prep>$ = _! reception4 ,! *ild c nev] compreh5d ! laws ( a/ronomy till he has fir/ le>n$ ma!matics4 ,! savage mu/ fir/ be made to compreh5d ! necessity t individual wants mu/ be suppli$ by individual lab\r1 & all ! consequ5t att5dants ( su* a /ate ( ?+s1 be=e ! possibility c exi/ t he w compreh5d ! high] moral duties4 ,because1 )\t t1 he rema9s passive "u su* tea*+s2 & 9 su* case1 ! m famili> su* lessons are made to him ! less !y affect him4 ,in/ances are n want+ :]e su* a /ate ( facts exi/s 9 circles ( society :]e x w\ld seem !y %\ld be ! lea/ expect$6 & f :5ce ! great tru? is d$ucible1 t m5tal & physical idl5ess is a mo/ deadly poison to good morals & intellectual improvem5t1 & ! conduct ( su* m5 is always f\nd se>*+ ! way back to a det]iorat$ condition4 ,! animal prop5sities require to be =c$ into habits contributive to ! relations & duties ( civiliz$ & ,*ri/ian life4 ,! m9d mu/ be made to compreh5d :at our relative duties are1 bo? exp]im5tally & habitually1 & also ! impossibility ( _! be+ disp5s$ )1 be=e x w be able to p]ceive ! laws :i* b9d our action to _! p]=mance4 ,& x may be "h rem>k$1 t a p]ception ( ^! laws suffici5tly /rong to influ5ce ! conduct ( a man w at lea/ place him 9 ! position ( ,agrippa be=e ,paul4 ,! hi/ory ( man does n po9t to an in/ance :]e an individual has reg5]at$ himself f ! dep? ( human degradation1 except "u ! pupilage & control ( a sup]ior wisdom4 ,^u ?is /ate ( facts 0 f\nd$ ! necessity ( a ,savi\r = ! *ildr5 ( m54 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xi4 ,! l[ness ( individual condition1 9 relation to our fell[ m51 or to human society g5]ally1 is n incompatible ) ! humility ( ! ,*ri/ian 9 ! p]=mance ( our duty to man or ,god1 because ! ,*ri/ian is n requir$ to display intellectual p[]s :i* he does n possess1 nor possessions n 8 own4 ,if he has b "o tal5t1 its occupation alone is requir$1--! desire to be/[ "o mite m>ks 8 "*4 ,x is !re=e a v great error :i* "s ( ! abolitioni/s seem to suppose1 t1 because a man is a slave1 he is !reby prev5t$ f be+ a ,*ri/ian or h9d]$ f ! wor%ip ( ,god4 ,on ! contr>y1 s ess5tial is humility to ! ,*ri/ian "*1 t ,jesus ,*ri/1 9 a lesson to 8 disciples1 says1 8,:osoev] w be *ief among y1 let him be y\r s]vant10 1 d\los1 slave2 a figure1 a s5t5ce1 :i* ! ,div9e ,be+ c\ld nev] h pron\nc$1 if slav]y 0 inconsi/5t ) 8 doctr9e1 ei!r z to ! condition ( ! slave or t ( ! ma/]4 ,) great simil>ity ( figure & sam5ess ( ! humility 9 ! wor%ipp] ( ,god1 ,david addresses ,jehovah3 8,o ,"l1 truly ,i am ?y s]vant10 7 ab$eka1 ?y slave17 8,i am ?y s]vant 7 ab$eka1 ?y slave7 & ! son ( ?y h&-maid10 ama!ka1 ?y female slave17 8?\ ha/ loos$ my bonds40 ,comp>e ) ,john viii4 #cf1 also #a ,cor4 vii4 #bb4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xii4 ,! in/itutions ( slav]y & ,*ri/ianity c nev] be antagoni/ic4 ,slav]y en=ces ob$i5ce 9 ! inf]ior to a sup]ior p[]1 = ! reciprocal b5efit ( bo?4 ,any deviation f ! law ( ,god p]t95t to ! case1 to "s ext5t less5s ! b5efit & dim9i%es :at %\ld h be5 ! quoti5t ( ! g5]al good4 ,slav]y is !re=e1 h[ev] rude 9 its ob$i5ce or comm&s1 an attempt at civiliz$ life2 & we may !re=e judge ( ! am\nt ( its abuses by its great] or less success 9 ! cultivation ( ^? virtues incid5t to t condition4 ,true1 ?is result is sc>cely p]ceptible :]e ! mo/ elevat$ are /ill deeply degrad$1 z is = ev] ! case 9 all ^? regions :]e ! light ( ,*ri/ianity has nev] be5 diffus$4 ,& x is f ^! facts we f9d ! provid5ce ( ,god to be t slav]y1 9 su* regions1 is always seek+ abroad = a m enlight5$ ma/]4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xiii4 ,! pa? ( ! ,*ri/ian is describ$ z /rait & n>r[2 9 x !re are no broad provisions = lic5ti\sness1 immorality1 crime1 or s9 ( any k9d1 nor1 at suitable di/ances1 are !re private ap>tm5ts prep>$1 :]e9 cunn+ exp$i5cy may *ange h] app>el2 nor w ! poor travell] be p]plex$ ) ambigu\s directions1 :]eby any ?+ is to be p]=m$ contr>y to ! pla9 und]/&+ ( ! law4 ,b ea* /ep !re9 mu/ be 9 con=mity to ! directions ( him :o made1 kn[s1 & gov]ns all4 ,h[ feeble !n %all prove ! man1 swell$ ) ! pride ( 8 own suppos$ hol9ess1 :o %all attempt to /raight51 alt]1 & make bett] ?is highway to heav56 8,= :o ha? kn[n ! m9d ( ! ,"l8 or :o ha? be5 8 c\nsellor8 or :o ha? fir/ giv5 to him1 & x %all be recomp5s$ unto him aga98 ,= ( him1 & ?r\gh him1 & to him are all ?+s60 ,rom4 xi4 #cd-cf4 ,on e /ep ( ?is footway to heav51 made = poor s9n]s to walk 91 = ! slave z well z = ! cr[n$ head1 are engrav51 9 lett]s ( ! light ( ,god himself1 directions = ! poor travell]1 s t 8! wayf>+ m51 ?\gh fools1 %all n err !re940 ,isa4 xxxv4 #h4 ,& let u n[ read "s ( ^! records1 & see h[ !y comport ) ! doctr9e ( univ]sal equality z involv$ 9 ! lab\rs be=e u3 8,let e s\l be subject unto ! high] p[]s2 = !re is no p[] b ( ,god3 ! p[]s t be are orda9$ ( ,god4 8,:osoev] !re=e resi/e? ! p[] resi/e? ! ord9ance ( ,god2 & !y t resi/ %all receive to !mselves damnation4 8,= rul]s are n a t]ror to good works b to ! evil4 ,wilt ?\ !n n be afraid ( ! p[]1 d t :i* is good1 & ?\ %alt h praise ( ! same4 8,b if ?\ d t :i* is evil1 be afraid2 = he be>e? n ! sword 9 va92 = he is ! m9i/] ( ,god1 a rev5g] to execute wra? ^u him t doe? evil4 8,:]e=e ye mu/ ne$s be subject1 n only = wra?1 b also = consci5ce sake4 8,=1 = ?is cause pay ye tribute also2 = !y are ,god's m9i/]s1 att5d+ cont9ually ^u ?is v ?+4 8,r5d] !re=e to all _! dues3 tribute to :om tribute is due2 cu/om to :om cu/om2 fe> to :om fe>2 hon\r to :om hon\r40 ,rom4 xiii4 #a-h4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xiv4 ,be=e we close our pres5t ,/udy1 let u survey = a mom5t ! position ( ! truly ,*ri/ian "*4 ,let u see & exam9e a position1 :e!r fill$ by "l1 subject1 or slave1 t seems s surr\nd$ ) hope1 s p>ticul>ly ! focus ( all ! irradiations ( heav51 t ! di/9ctions & mis]ies ( human life1 ev5 wrongs done u1 are blott$ out by ! brilliancy ( _! illum9ation4 ,b let u view x 9 connection ) man 9 an un*ri/ianiz$ /ate1 "u ! control ( ! appetites1 passions1 & influ5ces ( an unr$eem$ _w2 & x may be we %all behold ) wond] ! op]ation ( t r$emption by :i* 8 felicity is made /eadfa/4 ,! unc]ta9ty & vanity ( human pursuits h = ev] be5 a subject ( rem>k4 ,&1 if we exam9e ! motives ( human conduct & see ! fallaci\s objects ( human hope1 we always p]ceive ! con/ant att5dance ( pa91 mis]y1 & woe4 ,z ! visions ( e>ly life are rel9qui%$1 we transf] to ! future t confid5ce :i* has be5 = ev] betray$ by ! pa/1 & z ^! illusions are successively dispell$1 new objects cont9ue to fill ! imag9ation1 till ! v mom5t :5 all our prospects are involv$ 9 ! d>kness ( ! tomb4 ,nor ?9k ye t ! mis]ies t fl[ f ambition1 av>ice1 voluptu\sness1 & op5 crime1 are ! only ones t att5d u4 ,ea* ref9em5t ( life is accompani$ ) its own peculi> symptom4 ,besides1 !re are suff]+s t no =esight c =esee1 :i* no excell5ce c elude4 ,! imp]fection ( a ma/]1 or ( him plac$ 9 p[]1 may br+ to 8 slave or o!r dep5dant unutt]able wo6 ,! lassitude ( sickness1 ! agony ( its pa91 ! di/resses1 ! imp]fections ( our fri5ds1 _! ali5ation f u1 & our f9al sep>ation f ! objects ( our t5d]e/ reg>d1 w\ld trans=m p>adise itself into a wild]ness ( wo1 did n ! light ( ,god keep x = ev] illum9$4 ,ev5 c\ld we escape f all ! ext]nal causes ( wo1 yet ! wat]s ( bitt]ness w\ld cont9ue to fl[ f ! nev]-ceas+ s\rces ( sorr[ t lie deep 9 our own bosoms buri$4 ,we are !re=e con/ra9$1 =c$ to conclude1 t ! balance ( our moral con/itution has be5 de/roy$2 & by ! d]angem5t ( a sy/em once h>moni\sly attun$1 our pr9ciples ( action1 no long] 9 unison1 are ?r[n into p]petual collision3 ma9ta9+ no long] _! orig9al or _! relative /r5g?1 !y lead u into p]petual error1 & by _! conflicts produce a moral discord incompatible ) ! happ9ess ( man4 8,= ! creature 0 made subject to vanity1 n will+ly1 b by reason ( him :o ha? subject$ ! same 9 hope40 8,because ! creature itself %all be deliv]$ f ! bondage 71 slav]y7 ( corruption into ! glori\s lib]ty ( ! *ildr5 ( ,god40 ,rom4 viii4 #bj4 ,_h we be5 made acqua9t$ m]ely ) ! fall ( man & its effect ^u 8 moral con/itution1 we %\ld h /ill be5 bewild]$ 9 ! p]plexities ( our condition4 ,a consci\sness ( guilt w\ld h fill$ our m9ds ) appreh5sion1 & ! fe> ( ! ,div9e displeasure w\ld h m+l$ its bitt]ness ) e gratification1 w\ld h seiz$ ^u e hope4 ,l ,ca91 we %\ld h cri$ out1 8,our puni%m5t is great] ?an we c be>10 & solicit$ ! black m>k ( slav]y z an antidote to ?reat5$ & in/ant dea?4 ,b ! m]cy ( ,god1 :i* always temp]s ev5 ! natural ev5ts to ! delicate s5sibilities ( our physical p]ceptions1 conceal$ f our view ! desolation ( our condition1 till1 9 ! maturity ( 8 c\nsels1 he saw fit to bl5d ) ! discov]y ! bright visions 8( ! glory ab\t to be reveal$40 ,rom4 viii4 #ah4 ,! hea!n nations1 al?\gh pa9fully alive to ! brevity ( human life1 & deeply impress$ ) ! vanity ( our hopes1 7 equally ignorant ( our fall5 nature1 & ( ! hol9ess ( t ,god be=e :om we are to be adjudg$4 ,_! conception ( an exi/5ce aft] dea? 0 *e]less & indi/9ct1 al?\gh1 ev5 at ?is late day1 among ! mo/ l(ty intellects ( _! "t1 we c n[ p]ceive a long+ desire aft] some?+ to !m unkn[n1 a hank]+ = ! pro( ( a spiritual immortality4 ,?us1 :ile !re 0 b little 9 _! anticipations ( a future /ate to excite _! appreh5sion or al>m1 !re 0 b little to /imulate _! hope4 ,! vulg> 7 sometimes al>m$ by ! maje/ic t]rors ( ! ,?und]]1 & ! philosoph] 0 sometimes p5etrat$ by ^? p]fections :i* he 0 l$ to ascribe to ! mighty ,m9d4 ,yet ! wise/ sages ( antiquity d n seem to h p]ceiv$ 9 human guilt an int]nal malignity1 :i* no p5it5ce c expiate1 nor blood ( dy+ victims wa% away4 ,if "s glimpses ( ! mis]ies & dang]s 9 :i* s9 _h involv$ u 7 disclos$ to ! fav\r$ few1 yet visions ( prophecy dispell$ ! gloom2 =1 8:]e !re is no vision ! p p]i%40 ,prov4 xxix4 #ah4 ,x 0 n till our ,savi\r _h seal$ ! *>t] ( our hope1 t our condition1 ) a full view ( its desolation1 0 proclaim$ to a fall5 _w4 ,a k ( ! disease & ! rem$y has 9 m]cy kept pace ) ea* o!r4 ,if we le>n t ! 8creature 0 made subject to vanity10 we also le>n t he 0 made s 9 hope4 ,n[1 :5 we behold our condition1 al?\gh we see evid5ces ( our fall5 /ate1 ( ! degradation ( our intellectual & moral faculties1 yet we see also a provision ( m]cy by :i* ! creature may be deliv]$ f 8! bondage 71 slav]y7 ( corruption into ! glori\s lib]ty ( ! *ildr5 ( ,god40 ,view$ 9 connection ) ?is sublime tru?1 ! value ( human int]e/s1 ! pa9 ( human suff]+s1 & ! grief ( human wrongs disappe>2 yea1 vani% f ! eye ( ! true believ]4 ,! gr&eur ( 8 future prospects dignifies 8 pres5t /ate1 h[ev] humble4 ,8 pres5t evils1 :i* might ov]:elm him if atta*$ to 8 ultimate condition1 lose all _! bitt]ness :5 conv]t$ by r$eem+ love into m]e lessons ( moral discipl9e4 ,! pa9 is s(t5$ by ! ende>m5t ( pat]nal t5d]ness1 & he feels & kn[s t !y w only accompany ! m]e infancy ( 8 be+4 ,! poor1 humble1 b ,*ri/ian slave1 he>s con/antly ! lessons ( ,titus1 & is happy 9 8 ob$i5ce to 8 own ma/]1 t he may please him well 9 all ?+s1 wat*ful to n contradict1 nor purlo9 f any "o1 & c>eful to %[ all good fidelity1 t he may adorn ! doctr9e ( ,god4 ,he feels t no "o has a deep] int]e/ 9 t grace2 = x ha? equally appe>$ to all m54 ,he rememb]s 8 fell[-slaves ( ,colosse1 & :ile ) s+l5ess ( eye he he>tily s]ves 8 e>?ly ma/]1 he feels t ! act is ennobl$1 & is transf]r$ to be an act ( devotion & ob$i5ce to ! great ,jehovah4 ,sympa?y c>ries him back to 8 ,cor9?ian bre?r51 9 common ) :om he feels no anxi\s c>e to *ange ! condition 9 :i* he 0 call$1 = :ile he is cont5t to abide :]e ,god has plac$ him1 he kn[s t he has be5 pur*as$ by ! blood ( ,*ri/1 & promot$ to ! rank ( a freeman ( ! ,"l4 ,) 8 fell[-slaves ( ,ephesus1 he may tremble ) fe> le/ 8 ob$i5ce to 8 ma/] %all n be p]=m$ ) good-w & s+l5ess ( he>t1 z unto ,*ri/ himself1 = he kn[s t ,god has n requir$ ( him m]ely eye-s]vice2 yet he also kn[s t ,*ri/ians1 :e!r bond or free 9 ?is _w1 w h]eaft] be rememb]$ ( ,god = :atev] good !y d4 ,yea1 he yields himself to ! exhortations ( ,timo?y1 & acc\nts 8 own ma/] wor?y ( all hon\r & ob$i5ce1 t ! "n ( ,god & 8 doctr9e %\ld n be blasphem$2 nor does he feel ! less rev]5ce = 8 believ+ ma/]1 b r does 8 s]vice ) alacrity z to a bro!r1 & ) he>t-felt joy1 because he is a fai?ful & belov$ p>tak] ( ! b5efits ( 8 lab\r4 ,& :5 he he>s m51 ^: ignorance ( ,god has caus$ !m to be puff$ up ) ! idea ( _! own importance & purity1 evid5tly fill$ ) pride1 z ?\gh !y c\ld tea* ,god a m holy gov]nm5t1 attempt+ to exhort & tea* !m a diff]5t doctr9e1 he feels1 he kn[s t su* are n only evil & bad m51 b ignorant ones1 su* z dote ab\t que/ions1 & /rifes ( words1 :i* h no o!r t5d5cy ?an to fill ! m9d ) envy1 /rife1 rail+1 & evil surmises1 su* z are among m5 ( corrupt m9ds1 among m5 :o are de/itute ( ! tru?1 & among m5 :o suppose t ga9 is godl9ess4 ,he w view su* m51 h[ev] ?\ghtless !y may be ( _! true position or s9c]e 9 _! belief1 z /&+ 9 ! position ( ! s]p5t 9 ,ed54 ,_! lessons to him are disob$i5ce to ,god4 ,f su* he w )draw himself2 yea1 he w fly f !m z f a deadly poison1 because disob$i5ce to ,god = ev] ends 9 ru9 & dea?4 ,b f ,timo?y he le>ns cont5tm5t1 =1 z he br\ght no?+ into ! _w ) him1 & z he c mo/ c]ta9ly c>ry no?+ out1 s1 hav+ food & raim5t1 he w be cont5t1 & especially s z cont5tm5t & godl9ess are great ga94 ,& f9ally he he>s z x 7 a trumpet s\nd+ f ! v gates ( heav51 & look+1 he beholds ,pet] /&+ !re2 he he>s a /ill small voice1 ! voice ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 say+1 8,?\ art ,pet]1 & on ?is rock ,i w build my *ur*1 & ! gates ( hell %all n prevail aga9/ x1 & ,i w give unto !e ! keys ( ! k+dom ( heav51 & :atsoev] ?\ %alt b9d on e>? %all be b\nd 9 heav540 ,matt4 xvi4 #ah1 #ai4 ,& !n ,pet]1 rais+ 8 arm 9 ! direction ( ! ,g5tile nations1 says to ! slaves3 8,be subject to y\r ma/]s ) all fe>2 n only to ! good & g5tle1 b also to ! fr[>d3 = ?is is ?ank-wor?y1 if a man = consci5ce t[>ds ,god endure grief1 suff]+ wrongfully4 ,= :at glory is x1 if1 :5 ye be buffet$ = y\r faults1 ye take x pati5tly8 ,b if1 :5 ye d well1 & suff] = x1 ye take x pati5tly1 ?is is acceptable to ,god4 ,= ev5 h]eunto 7 ye call$2 because ,*ri/ also suff]$ = u1 leav+ u an example1 t ye %\ld foll[ 8 /eps1 :o did no s91 nei!r 0 guile f\nd 9 8 m\?2 :o :5 he 0 revil$1 revil$ n aga92 :5 he suff]$ he ?reat5$ n1 b committ$ himself to him t judge? righte\sly2 :o 8 own self b>e our s9s 9 8 own body on ! tree1 t we1 be+ dead to s9s1 %\ld live unto righte\sness3 by ^: /ripes ye 7 heal$4 ,= ye 7 z %eep gone a/ray1 b are n[ return$ unto ! ,%eph]d & ,bi%op ( y\r s\ls40 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xv4 ,f ! imm5se disproportion betwe5 our f9ite m9ds & ! inf9ite objects ( future hope1 our conceptions ( ! disimbodi$ _s mu/ necess>ily be feeble4 ,b :ile we anticipate ! promis$ fre$om ( ! cele/ial _w1 ! dis5?ralm5t ( our intellectual faculties1 & ! deliv]ance ( our moral p[]s f all corruption1 ! m9d becomes m & m habituat$ to ! sc5es ?us disclos$1 & ev5 rea*es to prospects ( respl5d5t beauty2 to visions ( uncl\d$ tru?2 to ! solution ( ! little difficulties ( our own e>?ly trials2 to ! evolutions ( ! ,div9e "* 9 connection ) our little planet1 & ev5 to t inf9itude t mocks ! b\nds ( "t & space4 ,?us ! pi\s ,*ri/ian1 :o m$itates ^u ,god & ! heav5s1 ! "w ( 8 h&1 feels a div9e influ5ce spread ov] 8 s\l1 :ile ! active & ! retir$1 ! ard5t & ! timid1 ! philosoph] ^: m9d is illum9$ by ! v>i$ lights ( sci5ce1 & ! pi\s slave1 ^: rese>*es are conf9$ to ! say+s ( "s unlett]$ expositor1 w ea* *]i% anticipations cong5ial to 8 peculi> /ate ( m9d4 ,yet all w gr[ 9 grace2 all w rise above ! level ( temporal delights2 & all w embrace 9 _! exp&+ conceptions ! mighty import ( t glori\s promise1 t 8eye ha? n se51 nor e> he>d1 nei!r ha? x ent]$ into ! he>t ( man1 ! ?+s t ,god ha? prep>$ = !m t love him10 #a ,cor4 ii4 #i1 till elevat$ s f> above e>?ly associations1 t ea* c say1 8,i %all be satisfi$ :5 ,i awake 9 ?y lik5ess40 ,ps4 xvii4 #ae4 ,:at degree ( moral lik5ess w gradually be produc$ by a ne> contemplation ( unveil$ p]fection is res]v$ = et]nity to disclose4 ,b ! "t w at l5g? come :5 to e s9c]e ,*ri/ian & true disciple1 dazzl$ by ! refulg5ce t w break ^u 8 a/oni%$ sight1 ,jesus ,*ri/ w address ! language ( affection1 z he did to ,m>?a3 8,said ,i n unto !e t if ?\ w\ld/ believe ?\ %\ld/ see ! glory ( ,god80 ,john xi4 #dj4 8,!n we all1 ) op5 face1 behold+1 z 9 a glass1 ! glory ( ,god1 are *ang$ into ! same image1 f glory to glory40 #b ,cor4 iii4 #ah4 ,su*1 !n1 is ! picture & su* ! prospect ( ! ,*ri/ian "*2 & well may ,*ri/ians1 ev5 ! slave1 8,reckon t ! suff]+s ( ?is pres5t "t are n wor?y to be comp>$ ) ! glory :i* %all be reveal$40 ,rom4 viii4 #ah4 ,f ! mon>* d[n1 view$ f ! di/ance ( et]nity1 man occupies b a po9t4 ,all e>?ly di/9ctions become s small t no?+ %ort ( ! eye ( omnipot5ce c see !m4 ,! same language describes1 & ! same ,god w prep>e _! re/4 ,! ,*ri/ian slave feels exalt$ ev5 :ile on e>?1 = he is well p]suad$ 8t nei!r dea?1 nor life1 nor angels1 nor pr9cipalities1 nor p[]1 nor ?+s pres5t1 nor ?+s to come1 nor height1 nor dep?1 nor any creature1 %all be able to sep>ate u f ! love ( ,god40 ,rom4 viii4 #ch4 ,if = a few days ! afflict$ ,*ri/ian & slave 8w&] 9 ! wild]ness 9 a solit>y way20 if 8hungry & ?ir/y1 _! s\ls fa9t 9 !m10 he is yet 8ha/5+ to a city ( habitations40 ,ps4 cvii4 #d1 #e1 #g4 ,if ev5 ! sun ( 8 e>?ly hopes be set1 yet he is ha/5+ to a c\ntry :]e 8?y sun %all no m g d[n2 nei!r %all ?y moon )draw itself2 = ! ,"l %all be ?9e ev]la/+ light1 & ! days ( ?y m\rn+ %all be end$40 ,isa4 lx4 #bj4 ,) su* views ! he>t is elevat$ above ! pa9s & mis]ies ( ?is transitory _w to ! contemplation ( hope cele/ial4 ,! m]e philosoph]1 :o views ! mutilat$ /ructure ( ! moral _w1 sees no r5ovat+ pr9ciple to reorganize its scatt]$ fragm5ts4 ,he m\rns ) unavail+ sorr[ ov] ! ru9s ( 8 race1 & *ills ) horror at ! prospect ( 8 own decay4 ,b ! ,*ri/ian sees a fair] e>? & a m radiant heav54 ,& %\ld ! poor slave1 =getful ( ?is high de/9y ( 8 ,*ri/ian "*1 & ( 8 ultimate home1 feel+1 l ,hag>1 ! slave ( ,s>ah1 ! h& ( 8 mi/ress deal+ h>dly by him1 &1 l h]1 attempt a rem$y by flight2 l h]1 he w he> ! voice ( ,god1 say+1 8,return to ?y mi/ress1 & submit ?yself "u h] h&40 ,g54 xvi4 #i4 ,l h]1 9 humble submission1 he obeys ! comm&1 & prays1 8,o ,"l1 correct me10 = 8,i "k t ! way ( man is n 9 himself x is n 9 man t walke? to direct 8 /eps40 ,j]4 x4 #bc4 ,9 ! mis]ies & vanities ) :i* he is surr\nd$1 ! ,*ri/ian only sees pro(s ( a fall51 n ( a hopeless /ate4 ,he1 l old neas1 is seek+ & look+ = a home 9 a =eign l&1 &1 l him1 con/antly requires ! int]position ( "s fri5dly provid5ce to w>n him t he is /ill di/ant f ! de/9$ %ores4 ,mut& s$es2 non hc tibi littora suasit1 ,delius1 aut ,cret jussit consid]e ,apollo4--#b;d nead4 ,l ! ,israelites1 he has pit*$ 8 t5t 9 a wild]ness ( s91 & feels grateful = ^? afflictions t reit]ate ! admonition3 8,arise & dep>t1 = ?is is n y\r re/40 ,micah ii4 #aj4 ,he kn[s t 8?is corruptible w put on incorruption1 t ?is mortal w put on immortality1 & t z he has borne ! image ( ! e>?ly1 he %all also be> ! image ( ! heav5ly40 ,see #a ,cor4 xv4 #di1 #ec4 ,:y !n %\ld our he>ts s9k 9 sadness1 because1 z we h se51 s9 has de/roy$ ! balance ( moral p[] among m51--ev5 ! f\ndation on :i* _! univ]sal equality c\ld exi/1 :5ce "s races ( m5 h gone deep d[n 9 ! pit ( human degradation1 until ! man & ! brute are f\nd 9 ! same animal t5em5t4 ,su* is ! poison\s nature ( s91 t ! he>t t devise? wick$ imag9ations always f9ds 8feet runn+ swiftly to ru940 ,see ,prov4 vi4 #ah4 ,b ,god ha? promis$ t ! remnant ( ,israel %all n speak lies3 8,nei!r %all a deceitful tongue be f\nd 9 _! m\?1 = !y %all fe$ & lie d[n1 & none %all make !m afraid40 ,zeph4 iii4 #ab1 #ac4 ,b ! ways ( ,god are n z ! ways ( man2 he makes 8 enemies build 8 ?rone4 ,!re=e1 be ye n deceiv$1 = 8!re %all be false tea*]s among y1 :o privily %all br+ 9 damnable h]esies1 ev5 d5y+ ! ,"l t b\ght !m1 & br+ ^u !mselves swift de/ruction40 #b ,pet4 ii4 #a4 ,/udy & pray to improve ! p[]s t ,god ha? giv51 :ile y comp>e ! ?+s t be ) ! causes & designs ( ,provid5ce2 & :ile y note t 8! evil b[ be=e ! good1 & ! wick$ at ! gates ( ! righte\s10 note also t 8! way ( ! ungodly %all p]i%40 ,!y %all be 8l ! *aff :i* ! w9d drive? away40 ,= 8! h& ( ! dilig5t %all be> rule2 b ! slo?ful %all be "u tribute40 8,he t ha? n sells himself to him t ha?40 ,!re=e1 8! borr[] is s]vant to ! l5d]10 & :]e=e1 8wisdom is bett] ?an rubies20 = 8by me pr9ces rule1 & nobles1 ev5 all ! judges ( ! e>?4 ,i love !m t love me1 & ^? t seek me e>ly %all f9d me4 ,ri*es & hon\r are ) me3 yea1 durable ri*es & righte\sness40 ,b ,god ha? promis$ t 8! :ole e>? %all be full ( ! k ( ! ,"l1 z ! wat]s cov] ! sea40 ,isa4 xi4 #i4 ,!re=e1 s long z ! t>es & ! :eat %all gr[ toge!r1 8,wait ye ^u me1 sai? ! ,"l1 until ! day t ,i w rise up to ! prey3 = my det]m9ation is to ga!r ! nations1 t ,i may assemble ! k+doms to p\r out ^u !m m9e indignation1 ev5 all my fi]ce ang]2 = all ! e>? %all be dev\r$ ) ! fire ( my jeal\sy4 ,= !n w ,i turn to ! p a pure language t !y may all call on ! "n ( ! ,"l1 to s]ve him ) "o cons5t4 ,f beyond ! riv]s ( ,e?iopia my suppliants1 ev5 ! daught] ( my disp]s$1 7 ,ba? ,putsi1 ! daught] ( ,phut1 ! mo/ degrad$ ( ! ,african tribes17 %all br+ m9e (f]+40 ,zeph4 iii4 #h-aj4 ,! slav]y ( ! ,african tribes to ^? ( ! true fai? is "h cle>ly ann\nc$1 & ! great b5efit ( _! conv]sion to ! wor%ip ( ! true ,god proclaim$ z an abundant reason4 ,?us ,isaiah1 speak+ ( ! h\se ( ,israel1 ! prototype ( ! *ur* ( ,god1 says--8,?us sai? ! ,"l1 ,! lab\r ( ,egypt1 & ! m]*&ise ( ,e?iopia & ! ,sabeans1 m5 ( /ature1 %all come ov] unto !e1 & !y %all be ?9e2 !y %all come aft] !e2 9 *a9s !y %all come ov]1 !y %all fall d[n unto !e2 !y %all make supplication unto !e1 say+1 ,v]ily1 ,god is 9 !e1 & !re is no ,god0 beside4 ,isa4 xlv4 #ad4 ,& ^! p1 9 a /ate ( pupilage1 are ?us ref]r$ to by ,zephaniah3 8,i w also leave 9 ! mid/ ( !e an afflict$ & poor p1 & !y %all tru/ 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l40 ,god ev] requires ( ! p[]ful ! protection ( ! weak1 ( ! m le>n$ ! in/ruction ( ! ignorant1 & ( ! m wise ! gov]nm5t ( ^? :o _c gov]n !mselves4 8,= s ha? ! ,"l comm&$ u1 say+1 ,i h set !e to be a light to ! ,g5tiles1 t ?\ %\lde/ be = salvation unto ! ends ( ! e>?40 ,acts xiii4 #dg4 ------------------------------------ ,/udy ,,vi ------------------ ,,lesson ,i4 ,s9 is any want ( a con=mity to ! law ( ,god4 ,man 0 creat$ free f s94 ,he 0 plac$ "u ! gov]nm5t ( laws adapt$ to 8 condition4 ,b a want ( con=mity to any item ( su* law necess>ily disorganiz$ & d]ang$ "s portion ( 8 orig9al condition4 ,let u ca/ a ha/y view at ! op]ation ( ^! laws4 ,x is contr>y to ! law ( ,god t a man %\ld put 8 h& 9 ! fire2 :5 he does s1 8 condition is some:at physically *ang$1 & he is 9 tr\ble4 ,x is contr>y to ! law ( ,god t a man %\ld be> false te/imony2 he hav+ done s1 8 condition is *ang$ m5tally1 & 8 tr\bles increase4 ,x is contr>y to ! law ( ,god t a man %\ld rema9 ignorant2 he do+ s1 is n 9 ! condition ( him :o has multipli$ & repl5i%$ 8 m5tal & physical capabilities3 he is less capable1 he has less p[]4 ,! law ( ,god is all p[]ful1 & w be execut$4 ,! puni%m5t ( its brea* is c]ta94 ,x is effect foll[+ cause4 ,! :ole ( ,god's creation is plann$ by ?is pr9ciple4 ,a want ( con=mity to ! law op]ates z a poison1 t spreads ?r\gh ! moral & physical man1 s9k+1 =c+ him d[n to tr\ble1 pa91 mis]y1 ru91 & dea?4 ,! boy1 int5d+ to appropriate to himself1 takes a p94 ,if !re is naught t *ecks him1 petty !fts pu% him on to deep] crimes1 t end 9 dea?4 ,! "y g5tleman dr9ks ! social glass1 nor ?9ks h>m to himself2 he feels /rong1 he fe>s no?+3 b habit becomes excess2 8 physical appe>ance becomes sickly2 8 m9d obtuse1 8 pleasures gross2 8 condition is *ang$2 he is evid5tly t5d+ d[nw>ds to ! grave4 ,& su* are ! c\rse & progress ( e o!r s92 =1 :atev] has a t5d5cy to injure ! "*1 heal?1 m9d1 & body1 is s94 ,speculators ^u ! holy writ may say :at !y w2 yet x is c]ta91 t act1 call$ ! eat+ ! apple1 0 an act1 :atev] x may h be51 t necess>ily injur$ ! "*1 heal?1 m9d1 & body ( man4 ,x is c]ta91 because x did s4 ,x 0 ! v bir? ( dea? itself4 ,! wages ( s9 are dea?--! ,"l ,god ,almighty ha? spok5 x66 ,ano!r law ( ,god1 till !n unkn[n to man1 0 br\ght in/antly into op]ation4 ,8 wants 7 *ang$2 ! e>? no long] produc$ spontane\sly to !m4 ,9 ! emphatic language ( t day1 x 0 curs$1 t he might h less leisure "t & opportunity to cont9ue 9 ! d[nw>d c\rse ( s9 to sudd5 de/ruction & dea?4 ,he 0 9 great m]cy condemn$ to lab\r = ! supply ( 8 daily wants2 he 0 made ! slave to ! necessities ( animal life4 ,is x necess>y to quote ,scripture to %[ t x ab\nds ) ! doctr9e t idl5ess is a wond]ful promot] ( s98 ,god 9 great m]cy contriv$ t 8 hungry body & nak$ back %\ld 9 "s measure keep him f x4 8,!re=e1 ! ,"l s5t him =? f ! g>d5 ( ,ed5 to till ! gr\nd f :i* he 0 tak540 ,g54 iii4 #bc1 8,to till0 is translat$ f la avod1 to slave4 ,x is ! v ^w t means a slave2 b is "h us$ z a v]b1 & lit]ally means to slave ! gr\nd4 ,9 ?is e>ly in/ance ( its use 9 holy writ1 9 relation to man1 x is us$ z a v]b1 to %[ u1 n t he _h become ! prop]ty ( any o!r p]son1 b a slave to 8 own necessities1 & t ! lab\r requir$ 0 ! lab\r ( a slave4 ,until man _h become poison$ by s9 !re 0 no want ( a law1 ( an in/itution to int]pose betwe5 him & 8 sudd5 de/ruction & dea?4 ,?is is ! fir/ degree ( slav]y among poor1 fall5 m51 & ^u :i* n[ dep5d _! heal?1 happ9ess1 & cont9uance ( life4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,ii4 8,b ,ca9 0 a till] ( ! gr\nd40 ,! ^w till] is translat$ f ! same ^w us$ z a n\n1 a slave ( ! gr\nd1 hav+ ref]5ce to its cultivation = 8 support & su/5ance4 ,& "h we see ! peculi> propriety ( ! language ( ! ,psalmi/3 8,he cause? ! grass to gr[ = ! cattle1 & h]b = ! s]vice ( man1 t he may br+ =? food out ( ! e>?40 ,ps4 civ4 #ad4 ,9 ?is in/ance1 8s]vice0 means slav]y1 & is translat$ f ! same ^w1 la avoda?4 8,he cause? ! grass to gr[ = ! cattle1 & h]b = ! slav]y ( man1 t he may br+ =? food out ( ! e>?40 ,b we are directly in=m$ t ! ,"l _h no respect = ! (f]+ ( ,ca92 t ,ca9 0 v wro?1 & 8 c\nt5ance fell2 & ! ,"l reason$ ) him & said1 8,if ?\ doe/ well1 %alt ?\ n be accept$8 & if ?\ doe/ n well1 s9 lie? at ! door20 also promis+ him1 if he w\ld d well1 he %\ld h rule ov] 8 y\ng] bro!r6 ,all ?is %[s t ,ca9's progress 9 s9 _h become v consid]able1 not)/&+ ! mild yet unavoidable slav]y already impos$4 ,b1 l _m o!r s9n]s1 he ran 8 race rapidly1 until 8 h&s 7 dy$ 9 8 bro!r's blood4 8,:5 ?\ tille/ ! gr\nd1 x %all n h5ce=? yield unto !e h] /r5g?3 a fugitive & a vagabond %alt ?\ be 9 ! e>?40 ,g54 iv4 #ab4 ,"h tille/ is also translat$ f ! same ^w1 & means 8:5 ?\ slave/ ! gr\nd10 %[+ mo/ cle>ly t ! slav]y impos$ on ,adam 0 atta*$ to ,ca91 ) ! additions1 t ! e>? %\ld n yield unto him h] /r5g?1--t he %\ld be a fugitive & a vagabond1--& a m>k 0 plac$ ^u him4 ,! expression t ! gr\nd %\ld n yield unto him its /r5g?1 may be und]/ood to mean t x %\ld n be z productive1 or1 t "s o!r p]son %\ld enjoy a portion ( ! b5efit ( 8 lab\r1 or 9 fact bo?3 8 lab\rs 7 to be 9 "s measure fruitless4 ,& let u notice h[ ?is portion ( 8 s5t5ce comp>es ) o!r ann\ncem5ts ( ,jehovah3 8,treasures ( wick$ness pr(it no?+1 b righte\sness deliv]e? f dea?40 8,! ,"l w n suff] ! s\l ( ! righte\s to fami%1 b he ca/e? away ! sub/ance ( ! wick$40 8,! h& ( ! dilig5t %all be> rule1 b ! slo?ful %all be "u tribute40 8,pov]ty & %ame %all be to him t refuses in/ruction1 b he t reg>de? repro( %all be hon\r$40 8,a good man leave? an inh]itance to 8 *ildr5's *ildr51 b ! weal? ( ! s9n] is laid up = ! j40 8,! righte\s eate? to ! satisfy+ ( 8 s\l1 b ! belly ( ! wick$ %all want40 ,prov]bs4 8,he %\ld be a fugitive & a vagabond40 8,! wick$ flee :5 no man pursue?2 b ! righte\s are bold z a lion40 ,prov4 xxviii4 #a4 8,bless$ is ! man t walke? n 9 ! c\nsel ( ! ungodly1 nor /&e? 9 ! way ( s9n]s1 nor sitte? 9 ! seat ( ! scornful4 ,b 8 delight is 9 ! law ( ! ,"l2 & 8 law do? he m$itate day & night4 ,& he %all be l a tree plant$ by ! riv]s ( wat]1 t br+e? =? 8 fruit 9 8 season2 8 leaf also %all n )]2 & :atsoev] he doe? %all prosp]4 ,! ungodly are n s1 b are l ! *aff :i* ! w9d drive? away4 ,!re=e ! ungodly %all n /& 9 ! judgm5t1 nor s9n]s 9 ! congregation ( ! righte\s4 ,= ! ,"l kn[e? ! way ( ! righte\s2 b ! way ( ! ungodly %all p]i%40 ,ps4 i4 ,& aga93 8,set ?\ a wick$ man ov] him2 & let ,satan /& at 8 "r h&4 ,:5 he %all be judg$1 let him be condemn$2 & let 8 pray] become s94 ,let 8 days be few1 & let ano!r take 8 (fice4 ,let 8 *ildr5 be fa!rless1 & 8 wife a wid[4 ,let 8 *ildr5 be cont9ually vagabonds & beg2 let !m seek _! bread also out ( _! desolate places4 ,let ! extortion] cat* all t he ha?2 & let ! /rang]s spoil 8 lab\r4 ,let !re be none to ext5d m]cy unto him3 nei!r let !re be any to fav\r 8 fa!rless *ildr54 ,let 8 po/]ity be cut (f2 & 9 ! g5]ation foll[+ let _! "n be blott$ out4 ,let ! iniquities ( 8 fa!rs be rememb]$ ) ! ,"l1 & let n ! s9 ( 8 "m be blott$ out40 ,ps4 cix4 #f-ad4 ,su* is ! prospect ( ! desp]ately wick$3 8,! curse ( ! ,"l is 9 ! h\se ( ! wick$3 b he blesse? ! habitation ( ! j40 ,prov4 iii4 #cc4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,iii4 ,b ,ca9 _h a m>k set ^u him4 ,! ^w translat$ m>k is o?3 x means a m>k ( a miracul\s nature1 :]eby "s future ?+ is ( a c]ta9ty kn[n1 & may be some?+ done or only said4 ,:atev] x may h be51 ! object 0 to prev5t him f be+ sla9 by any "o meet+ him1 by its proclamation ( ! burd5 ( ! curses "u :i* he lab\r$4 ,x 01 !re=e1 absolutely ! m>k ( s91 seal+ ^u him & 8 race ?is second>y degree ( slav]y4 ,! m>k di/+ui%$ !m z l[ & s]vile z well z wick$1 & h5ce its protective influ5ce4 ,b :at 0 ! m>k ( s98 ,:at is x n[8 & :at has x ev] be58 ,if "o is accus$ ( "s vile (f5ce1 a little presumptive evid5ce w make u say1 ,x is a v d>k crime2 x makes him look v black4 ,?is figure1 if x be "o1 n[ s (t5 appli$1 is s /rongly us$ 9 ,scripture1 & 9 fact by all 9 e age1 t ! idea seems well w>rant$ t ! d[nw>d1 humiliat+ c\rse ( s9 has a direct t5d5cy1 by ! ,div9e law1 to ev5 physically degrade1 p]haps black5 & disbeautify1 ! animal man4 ,a simil> doctr9e 0 well kn[n to ! ,greeks4 ,demo/h5es says to ! ,a!nians1 8,x is impossible = him :o commits l[1 di%on\rable1 & wick$ acts1 n to possess a l[1 dirty intellect2 =1 z ! p]son ( a man receives1 z x 71 a col\r+ f 8 conduct1 s does ! m9d take ^u itself a clo?+ f ! same acts40 ,see ,second ,olyn?iac4 ,s ! ,arabians3 8,god invit$ unto ! dwell+ ( peace1 & direct$ :om he please? into ! "r way4 ,!y :o d "r %all receive a mo/ excell5t rew>d1 & a sup]abundant addition2 nei!r blackness nor %ame %all cov] _! faces40 ,koran1 *ap4 x4 8,on ! day ( ! resurrection1 ?\ %alt see ! faces ( ^? :o h utt]$ lies conc]n+ ,god1 become black40 ,koran1 *ap4 xxxix4 ,s1 ! ,mohamm$an belief is t a man :o has "s good qualities may die2 b1 on ! acc\nt ( 8 wick$ness1 he w be s5t to hell1 & !re torm5t$ until 8 sk9 is black2 b t if he %all ev] be tak5 !nce1 by ! m]cy ( ,god1 he w be imm]s$ 9 ! riv] ( life1 & 8 sk9 become :it] ?an pe>ls2 see ,pocock1 notis 9 "p4 ,moris1 p4 #bhi & #bib2 b t ! faces ( ! wick$ w ev] rema9 black4 ,see ,yalkut ,%emuni1 "p ii4 fol4 #hf2 also ,sale1 ,prelim4 ,disc4 p4 #ajd1 #aje4 ,s ! ,mohamm$an tradition1 t ! bad spirits1 ,monk] & ,nakir1 :o1 ^u ! dea? ( a man1 come to exam9e him1 are awful & black4 ,see ,prelim4 ,disc4 p4 #ij4 ,& h5ce ! belief is t ! wick$1 ev5 be=e judgm5t1 w /& look+ up to ,god ) _! faces obscur$ by blackness & disfigur$ by all ! m>ks ( sorr[ & de=mity4 ,idem1 p4 #ii4 ,s also ! fable1 t a preci\s /one ( p>adise fell d[n to ! e>? to ,adam1 :it] ?an milk1 b turn$ black by ! t\* ( a wick$ woman1 or1 z o!rs say1 by wick$ness ( mank9d g5]ally2 b ! /ory is t its blackness is only sk9-deep1 & h5ce ! ,arabians c>efully pres]v$ x 9 ! ,caaba at ,mecca4 ,idem1 p4 #abe4 ,also1 ,al ,zamakh1 c4 9 ,koran2 & ,ahm$ ,ebn ,yusef2 & ,pocock1 ,spec4 p4 #aag4 ,simil> traditions & quotations may be ga!r$ f all qu>t]s ( ! _w1 & f all portions ( "t2 b let u turn to ! book t nev] lies nor misleads4 8,behold1 ,i am aga9/ !e1 sai? ! ,"l ( ho/s2 & ,i w discov] ?y skirts ^u ?y face1 & ,i w %[ ! nations ?y nak$ness1 & ! k+doms ?y %ame40 ,nahum1 iii4 #e4 ,! ^w "h translat$ skirts1 is %ulaik4 ,we believe t all s*ol>s agree ! ,hebrew root ( ?is ^w is borr[$ f ! ,arabic 1 ( :i* ! mean+ is po/remum cujusque rei2 &1 h5ce ! idea skirt1 ! extreme ( some?+ hang+ d[n1 t5d+ d[nw>d4 ,& f ! same s\rce we h ! ,hebrew ^w %olal1 a captive1 a ?+ captur$1 c41 because ! captive is 9 an extreme condition2 & ?us %l is made to mean a hem or skirt1 f its cognate & ,arabic root1 ! extreme ( some?+ t5d+ d[nw>ds4 ,?us %aal1 to be loose1 to hang d[n4 ,f ^! consid]ations1 ! ^w 0 (t5 us$ to mean a prison]1 a captive4 ,?us1 ,job xii4 #ai3 8,he leade? pr9ces away spoil$10 %olal1 captive1 r$uc$ to ! l[e/ extremity1 c4 ,!re=e1 al?\gh p]haps n z lit]al1 ! idea ( ! prophet w\ld h be5 m exactly convey$ _h x be5 translat$1 8,& ,i w discov] ! l[ extremity ( y\r condition ^u y\r face20 & 9 ?is same s5se ! ^w is us$ 9 ,j]4 xiii4 #bb3 8,if ?\ say 9 ?9e he>t1 ,:]e=e come ^! ?+s ^u me8 ,= ! greatness ( ?9e iniquity are ?y skirts 7 %ulaik7 discov]$1 & ?y heels made b>e40 ,evid5tly proclaim+ ! doctr9e1 t a c\rse ( s91 ?r\gh ! ,div9e provid5ce1 w leave its m>k4 8,%e is empty1 & void1 & wa/e1 & ! he>t melte?1 & ! knees smite toge!r1 & mu* pa9 is 9 all lo9s1 & ! faces ( !m all ga!r blackness4 ,behold1 ,i am aga9/ !e1 sai? ! ,"l40 ,nah4 ii4 #aj1 #ac4 8,at ,tehaphnehes also ! day %all be d>k5$1 :5 ,i %all break !re ! yokes ( ,egypt2 & ! pomp ( h] /r5g? %all cease 9 h]3 z = h]1 a cl\d %all cov] h]1 & h] daught]s %all g into captivity4 ,?us w ,i execute judgm5ts 9 ,egypt3 & !y %all "k t ,i am ! ,"l40 ,ezek4 xxx4 #ah1 #ai4 8,our necks are "u p]secution3 we lab\r & h no re/4 ,we h giv5 ! h& to ! ,egyptians1 & to ! ,assyrians1 to be satisfi$ ) bread4 ,our fa!rs h s9n$1 & are n2 & we h borne _! iniquities4 ,s]vants 7 abadim1 slaves7 h rul$ ov] u3 !re is none t do? deliv] u out ( _! h&4 ,we get our bread ) ! p]il ( our lives1 because ( ! sword ( ! wild]ness4 ,our sk9 is black l an ov51 because ( ! t]rible fam9e40 ,lam4 v4 #e-aj4 8,= ! hurt ( ! daught] ( my p ,i am hurt2 ,i am black2 a/oni%m5t ha? tak5 hold on me40 ,j]4 viii4 #ba4 8,judah m\rne?1 & ! gates !re( langui%2 !y are black unto ! gr\nd2 & ! cry ( ,j]usalem is gone up40 ,j]4 xiv4 #b4 8,h] ,naz>ites 7 pur] ?an sn[2 !y 7 :it] ?an milk2 !y 7 m ruddy 9 body ?an rubies2 _! poli%+ 0 ( sapphire4 ,_! visage is black] ?an a coal2 !y are n kn[n 9 ! /reets40 ,lam4 iv4 #g1 #h4 8,= ye are n come unto ! m\nt t might be t\*$1 & t burn$ ) fire2 nor unto blackness1 & d>kness1 & tempe/40 ,heb4 xii4 #ah4 8,rag+ waves ( ! sea1 foam+ out _! own %ame2 w&]+ />s1 to :om is res]v$ ! blackness ( d>kness = ev]40 ,jude #ac4 8,= ?\gh ?\ wa% !e ) nitre1 & take !e mu* soap1 yet ?9e iniquity is m>k$ be=e me1 sai? ! ,"l ,god40 ,j]4 ii4 #bb4 8,! %[ ( _! c\nt5ance do? witness aga9/ !m40 ,isa4 iii4 #i4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,iv4 ,b exp]i5ce prov$ t ev5 ?is second degree ( slav]y 0 n a suffici5t prev5tive ( s9 to pres]ve man ^u ! e>?4 8,t ! sons ( ,god saw ! daught]s ( m51 t !y 7 fair2 & !y took !m wives ( all :i* !y *ose4 ,& ! ,"l said1 ,my _s %all n always /rive ) man40 ,g54 vi4 #b1 #c4 ,! ^w translat$ 8fair10 & appli$ to ! daught]s ( m51 is to vo?2 x is 9 ! fem99e plural1 & comes f tav1 & cognate ) ! ,syriac ^w tov or tob2 x m]ely means good1 excell5t1 z ! quality may exi/ 9 ! m9d ( ! p]son tak+ cognisance4 ,x implies no quality ( virtue or complexion1 b 9 its use is reflective back to ! nom9ative4 ,x is "o ( ^? words :i* we f9d 9 all languages1 ( :i* r a loose use is made4 ,we f9d x 9 ,dan4 ii4 #cb1 7! #ca/ ( ! ,engli% text17 8excell5t20 also ,ezra v4 #ag1 8good40 ,:5 x is said ( ,s>ah1 9 ,g54 xii4 #aa1 t %e 0 8fair10 mean+ t %e 0 ( a light complexion1 ! ^w ypha?1 is us$1 & is ! same ) our ,japhe?1 ! son ( ,noah1 & comes f yapha1 & means to %9e1 to give light1 &1 z an adjective1 well means lightness ( complexion1 fairness1 & brilliancy ( beauty4 ,s 9 ,e/h4 ii4 #g1 8& ! maid 0 fair & beautiful10 yepha?4 #a ,sam4 xvi4 #ab1 8,n[ he 0 ruddy & ( a fair c\nt5ance10 yepha4 #a ,k+s i4 #d1 8& ! damsel 0 fair10 yaphah4 ,x is true t 9 ,solomon's ,song1 i4 #af1 8,behold1 ?\ art fair1 my belov$10--ii4 #aj1 8,my belov$ spake & said unto me1 ,rise up my love1 my fair "o1 & come away10--iv4 #a1 8,behold1 ?\ art fair1 my love2 behold1 ?\ art fair2 ?\ ha/ doves' eyes10--iv4 #g1 8,?\ art fair1 my love2 !re is no spot 9 !e10 & also v4 #i1 8,o ?\ faire/ among wom510 ! ^w yapha1 9 grammatical =m1 is us$ 9 ! orig9al1 & t ! t]m is appli$ to a black woman4 ,b ?is :ole song is writt5 9 hyp]bole4 ,9 ! description ( ,solomon's p]son1 x says1 v4 #aa1 8,8 head is z ! mo/ f9e gold20 9 ! orig9al1 8,8 head is ! mo/ f9e gold40 #ad3 8,8 h&s are z gold r+s set ) ! b]yl3 8 belly z bright ivory ov]laid ) sapphires4 #ae3 ,8 legs are z pill>s ( m>ble1 set ^u sockets ( gold3 8 c\nt5ance is z ,lebanon1 excell5t z ! c$>s40 ,asiatic poetry always ab\nd$ 9 hyp]bole4 ,?us an ,arabian poet1 speak+ ( 8 mi/ress1 says-- 8,i behold 9 ?9e eyes1 angels look+ at me4 ,de=mity 9 ano!r1 9 !e is excell5t beauty2 ,! g>m5ts ( ! %eph]d1 ^u !e1 are ! f9e/ tissue1 ,& brass ornam5ts become f9e gold4 ,?y excell5ce1 s great among m51 ! god beholds1 ,& is a/oni%$ at ?y beauty40 ,x is n f su* productions t we are to look = ! simple1 orig9al1 & radical mean+ ( t]ms2 & probably ev5 9 ! case ( ,canticles1 ! ^w yapha w\ld n h be5 all[$ by ! rules ( composition1 _h x n be5 fir/ ann\nc$ 9 a calm1 initiatory mann]1 t %e 0 a black woman1 9 ord] t no misconception might arise f su* hyp]bole4 ,let u suppose ourselves 9 ,arabia1 & "s poet ann\nces t1 = our ev5+ ent]ta9m5t & div]sion1 he w deliv] a panegyric ^u "s black woman1 &1 among o!r ?+s1 says-- ,?y neck is z a t[] ( ivory4 ,?y tee? are l a flock ( %eep4 ,?y lips are l a ?read ( sc>let4 ,?y nose l ! t[] ( ,lebanon1 ,t looke? t[>ds ,damascus2 ,& ! smell ( ?y nose l apples2 ,& ! smell ( ! ro( ( ?y m\? l ! be/ w9e ,?y /ature is l ! palm-tree4 ,?y sk9 is fair] ?an sn[1 ,& ?y brea/s l two clu/]s ( grapes4 ,?y head is z ,m\nt ,c>mel1 ,& ! hair ( ?y head l purple1 ,& ! curls ( ?y hair l a flock ( goats4 ,behold1 ?\ art fair1 my love2 ?\ ha/ doves' eyes4 ,true1 amid su* hyp]bole1 we might h mi/ak5 h] col\r1 if he _h n previ\sly in=m$ u on t subject4 ,b1 z x /&s1 !re is no falsehood ass]t$2 !re is no liability to mi/ake4 ,! poet m]ely means t1 at lea/ 9 8 conception1 %e is z lovely1 beautiful1 & desirable z all ^? hyp]boles w\ld make h]4 ,& we ?9k we h reason to cont5d1 t ! hyp]bolic use ( ! ^w yapha1 9 ,canticles1 does n alt] 9 any s5se its real mean+1 or1 9 any ord9>y use ( language1 make x a t]m applicable to p ( col\r1 or 9 any s5se :atev] a synonyme ( ! tav1 or to vo?1 z us$ 9 ,g5esis4 ,?is explanation is ?\ght necess>y1 s9ce x is se5 t we %all h]eaft] cont5d t ! desc5dants ( ,ca9 7 black4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,v4 ,if we take ! passage1 ,g54 vi4 #b1 #c1 z x /&s 9 connection1 x seems to u an obvi\s d$uction t ! comm+l+ ( ! races ( ,se? & ,ca9 0 obnoxi\s to ! ,"l4 ,x is plac$ 9 position z ! cause :y 8 ,_s %\ld n always /rive4 ,he saw t su* amalgamation w\ld1 did det]iorate & de/roy ! m holy race ( ,se?2 & !re=e det]m9$1 ) grief 9 8 he>t1 to de/roy man f ! e>?4 ,all 7 swept away1 except ,noah1 8 ?ree sons1 & _! f\r wives4 ,yet s9 f\nd a resid5ce among ! sons ( ,noah1 & ,canaan 0 doom$ to p]petual bondage1 z x n[ exi/s ^u ! e>?4 8,& he said1 ,curs$ be ,canaan3 a s]vant ( s]vants %all he be unto 8 bre?r54 ,& he said1 ,bless$ be ! ,"l ,god ( ,%em1 & ,canaan %all be 8 s]vant4 ,god %all enl>ge ,japhe?1 & he %all dwell 9 ! t5ts ( ,%em1 & ,canaan %all be 8 s]vant40 ,g54 ix4 #be-bg4 ,! expression 8s]vant ( s]vants0 is translat$ f ! words eb$ abadim1 slave ( slaves4 ,! expression is idiomatic1 & means ! mo/ abject slave4 ,9 ! passage quot$1 ! ^w s]vant1 9 all cases1 is translat$ f eb$1 & means slave4 ,!re 0 no ma/] plac$ ov] ,adam1--x is n c]ta9 !re 0 ov] ,ca91--b "h ! ma/] is nam$ & bless$2 & ! slave is nam$1 & 8 slav]y pron\nc$ to be ( ! mo/ abject k9d4 ,if we mi/ake n1 x is an article ( ! ,*ri/ian cre$ ( mo/ *ur*es1 t ,adam 0 ! f$]al head & repres5tative ( 8 race2 t ! cov5ant 0 made1 n only ) ,adam1 b also ) 8 po/]ity2 t ! guilt ( 8 s9 0 imput$ to !m2 t ea* & e "o ( 8 po/]ity are deprav$ ?r\gh 8 s92 t ?is1 _! orig9al s91 is prop]ly s91 & des]ves ,god's wra? & curse4 ,if s1 c we say less 9 ! case ( ,ca98 or t a new relation did int]v5e 9 ! case ( ,ham8 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,vi4 ,hav+ trac$ ! in/itution ( slav]y d[n to its ?ird & f9al degree1 & f9d+ x firmly lodg$ 9 ! family ( ,ham1 let u n[ inquire :at pro( !re may be t 8 desc5dants are also ! desc5dants & race ( ,ca94 ,?is evid5ce is to be f\nd 9 ! fact1 #a/4 ,t ! desc5dants ( ,ham 7 black1 inh]it+ ! m>k ( ,ca94 #b;d4 ,t ! traditions & memorials ( ! family ( ,ham are also traditions & memorials ( ! family ( ,ca94 #c;d4 ,t ,naamah1 ( ! family ( ,ca91 is f\nd to be kept 9 memory by ! e>li] desc5dants ( ,ham4 #d?4 ,t ! *>act]i/ics ( ^! families are ! same1 & t no facts are f\nd to exi/ discordant to ! proposition ( _! be+ "o & ! same race2 b on ! contr>y1 e ve/ige ( !m is 9 unison ) su* proposition4 ,9 pres5t+ ! evid5ce t\*+ ! sev]al facts ( ! inquiry1 we _c claim ! mo/ lucid or logical arrangem5t1 nor t our rem>ks w be class$ 9 ! be/ me?odical ord] = ! subjects ( consid]ation4 ,b we pres5t ! proposition t aborig9al names are always significant t]ms3 ?us1 ,abram1 ! high fa!r2 ,abraham1 ! fa!r ( a multitude2 ,jacob1 hold+ by ! heel1 supplant+2 ,israel1 "o :o wre/les ) ,god2 & ,ca91 "o t has be5 pur*as$ or b\ght3 8,& %e b>e ,ca91 & said1 ,i h gott5 a man f ! ,"l40 ,g54 iv4 #a4 ,! ^w ,ca9 is f ,cana1 & means to buy1 to pur*ase1 &1 z a n\n1 a ?+ b\ght2 & ! ^w 8gott510 cani?i1 t]m9at+ ) its v]bal =mation1 means1 ,i h b\ght or pur*as$--8 "n signifi$ "o pur*as$4 ,!re is an allusion to ,ca9 9 ! ,koran2 &1 al?\gh we d n pres5t x z or = au?ority1 yet x may n be out ( place to notice :at ! anci5t ,arabians h said on ! subject3 8,v]ily1 ,i 7! prophet7 am no o!r ?an a d5\nc] ( ?reats1 & a mess5g] ( good tid+s unto ! p :o believ$4 ,x is he :o ha? creat$ y f "o p]son & out ( him produc$ 8 wife1 t he might dwell ) h]2 & :5 he _h kn[n h]1 %e c>ri$ a light burd5 = a "t1 :]e=e %e walk$ easily !re)3 b :5 x became m heavy1 !y call$ ^u ,god _! ,"l1 say+1 ,if ?\ give u a *ild rightly %ap$1 we w surely be ?ankful4 ,yet :5 he _h giv5 !m a *ild rightly %ap$1 !y attribut$ companions unto him1 = t :i* he _h giv5 !m4 ,b f> be t f ,god1 :i* !y associat$ ) him6 ,w !y associate ) him false gods1 :i* create no?+1 b are !mselves creat$1 & c nei!r give !m assi/ance nor help !mselves80 ,koran1 *ap4 vii4 ,! ,arabian comm5tators1 9 explanation ( ?is passage1 relate a tradition among !m4 ,!y say1 :5 ,eve 0 big ) h] fir/ *ild1 ! devil came to fright5 & fill h] m9d ) appreh5sion4 ,b he pret5d$ to h] t by 8 pray]s to ,god he c\ld p]suade him to cause h] to h a well-%ap$ *ild1 a son1 ! lik5ess ( ,adam1 & t %e %\ld be safely deliv]$ ( x1 ^u ! condition t %e %\ld d$icate or "n ! *ild ab$ al h>e?1 ! slave ( ! devil1 in/ead ( ! "n t ,adam w\ld give x1 ab$ ,allah1 ! slave ( ,god2 t ,eve accept$ ! t]ms1 & ! *ild 0 born1 c4 ,! leg5d is v>i$ by ! comm5tators1 "s say+ ! *ild di$ z soon z born1 or t ! devil appli$ to ,adam in/ead ( ,eve1 c42 b !y all agree t al h>e? 0 ! "n ! devil w5t by among ! angels4 ,x is a little rem>kable t ! passage 9 ,g54 iv4 #b1 8,b ,ca9 0 a till] ( ! gr\nd10 ,heb4 ob$ adamah1 ! slave ( ! gr\nd1 w\ld be1 9 ,arabic1 ?is phrase1 ab$ al h>e?1 ! cognate ( ! ,hebrew ^w erets1 ! e>?4 ,& !re=e ! ,arabic1 ab$ al h>e?1 w be a translation ( ! ,hebrew 9 ,g5esis4 ,?is leg5d w be f\nd 9 ,al ,beidawi1 ,jallado' dd91 ,zamakh%>i1 et al4 ,see ,sale's ,koran1 vol4 i4 p4 #cfj4 ,! discov]y ( ! we/]n cont95t by ,columbus 0 ! great & absorb+ ev5t ( ! age 9 :i* x happ5$4 ,x 0 an ev5t :i*1 9 consid]ation ( ! *>act]i/ics ( m51 w\ld be held 9 commemoration3 9 all p>ts ( ! _w x w\ld be a matt] ( su* record z lit]ature made conv5i5t1 or ! relative influ5ce ( ! ev5t r5d]$ con/ant to ! m9d4 ,& h5ce we f9d x ref]r$ to n only 9 books1 b 9 ! cont95t discov]$2 x is commemorat$ by ! application ( ! "n ( ! discov]] to its seas1 lakes1 riv]s1 m\nta9s1 di/ricts ( c\ntry1 cities1 t[ns1 c4 ,n[1 if at ! "t ( ! ev5t1 ! _w _h n advanc$ to ! a*ievem5t ( lit]>y records1 x is evid5t t ! latt] mode ( commemoration c\ld h be5 ! only "o practicable2 & hi/ory %[s u t ?is mode ( commemoration 0 adopt$ at ! e>lie/ ages1 nor laid aside ev5 at ?is day4 ,?is disposition to commemorate is "o ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! :ole human family4 ,?us ,eve commemorat$ "s ev5t1 describ$ z ! pur*ase ( h] fir/-born ( ! ,"l1 by giv+ said fir/-born ! "n ( 8"o pur*as$40 8,& ! sons ( ,noah t w5t =? ( ! ark 7 ,%em1 & ,ham1 & ,japhe?3 & ,ham is ! fa!r ( ,canaan40 8,& ,ham1 ! fa!r ( ,canaan1 saw ! nak$ness ( 8 fa!r1 & told 8 two bre?r5 )\t40 8,& ,noah awoke f 8 w9e1 & knew :at 8 y\ng] son _h done unto him4 ,& he said1 ,curs$ be ,canaan40 ,g54 ix4 #ah1 #bb1 #bd1 #be4 ,! ?+s "h record$ took place 9 quick succession f ! removal ( ,noah's family f ! ark4 ,ham ultimately _h f\r sons1 ! y\nge/ ( :om he nam$ ,canaan4 ,is !re any evid5ce1 at ! "t ( ^! records1 t any ( ! *ildr5 ( ,ham 7 born1 & especially 8 y\nge/8 ,x does appe> to u t ! ^w ,canaan1 z "h us$1 does n mean any p>ticul> son ( ,ham4 ,x is evid5tly us$ at a "t be=e he _h any sons4 ,f ! mann] ( ! relation x seems probable ! plant+ ( ! v9ey>d 0 among ! fir/ ?+s ,noah did aft] ! flood4 ,two or ?ree ye>s 0 all ! "t requir$ = ! consummation ( ?is ev5t4 ,9 case ,ham _h m>ri$ a female ( ! race ( ,ca91 he _h also id5tifi$ himself ) t race1 & might well be call$ by 8 fa!r1 especially at a mom5t ( displeasure1 by a t]m emphatically %[+1 yea ann\nc+ prophetically1 8 degradation ?r\gh all future "t1--! degradation to :i* t connection _h r$uc$ him4 ,! ill-mann]s ( ,ham t[>ds 8 fa!r 7 n ! great cause ( ! curse4 ,! cause mu/ h previ\sly exi/$4 ,! ill-mann]s only influ5ce ! "t ( its ann\ncem5t4 ,ev5 _h x nev] be5 ann\nc$1 ! consequ5ces w\ld h be5 ! same4 ,! s5t5ce ( ! law is only decl>atory ( ! relation 9 :i* "o has plac$ himself4 ,! cause ( ! curse or degradation "h pron\nc$ mu/ h be5 some?+ adequate1 to h produc$ x4 ,! ill-mann]s c\ld h no s great effect4 ,& let u inquire1 :]e are we to f9d an adequate cause = ! imm$iate degradation ( an unborn race1 unless we f9d x 9 int]m>riage4 ,8 int]m>riage1 !n1 c\ld h be5 ) no o!r ?an ! race ( ,ca98 ,:5 ,noah spoke to ,ham1 & said1 8,curs$ be ,canaan10 he _h no ref]5ce to any p>ticul> desc5dant ( ,ham1 b includ$ !m all1 z ! race ( ,ca91 &1 9 repro( & disp>agem5t to 8 son1 reproa*+ ! connection4 ,suppose1 ev5 at ?is day1 a desc5dant ( ,japhe? %\ld *oose to amalgamate ) ! ,negro1 c\ld n 8 fa!r readily =etell ! future de/9y ( ! (fspr+1--_! /&+ among ! re/ ( 8 family8 ,! t]m ,canaan1 ?us spok5 & appli$ to ,ham1 0 significant ( ! "* 8 conduct _h creat$1 by id5tify+ himself ) ! race ( ,ca94 ,x 0 a new "n1 deeply & degrad+ly di/+ui%+ him f ! re/ ( 8 fa!r's family4 ,jacob 0 call$ ,israel1 aft] hav+ wre/l$ ) ,god2 b an hon\rable cognom5 w\ld be made kn[n & us$1 :]eas "o ( rev]se "* might or might n4 ,x _c be expect$1 at ?is late day1 to acc\nt = ! anomalies ( ! anci5t ,hebrew4 ,t]ms appli$ z prop] names1 :e!r significant or n1 are 9 all languages1 & 9 all ages1 subject sometimes to /range & ev5 oblique alt]ations4 ,?us1 9 ! family ( ,b5jam91 8,ard10 ( ,g5esis & ,numb]s1 is *ang$ into ,add> 9 ,*ronicles2 & ?us ,colon ( ,g5oa 0 conv]t$ into ,columbus 9 ! we/]n cont95t4 ,?us1 ,muppim & ,huppim1 9 ,g5esis1 are *ang$ into ,%upham & ,hupham 9 ,numb]s1 & into ,%ephupham & ,huram 9 ,*ronicles4 ,see ,g54 xlvi4 #ba1 ,num4 xxvi4 #ci1 & #a ,*ron4 viii4 #e4 ,! ,k5ites1 ,k5nizites1 & ,canaanites ( ,g54 xv4 #ai2 ! ,k5az1 xxxvi4 #aa & #db2 ! ,k5ite & ,k5ites ( ,num4 xxiv4 #ba2 ! ,k5ites ( #a ,sam4 xxvii4 #aj1 xv4 #e1 #f2 ,judges iv4 #aa-ag2 & ! city call$ 8,ca910 ha ,ka91 ,jo%4 xv4 #eg1 also ,k9ah1 idem #bb1--;are all legitimately d]iv$ & desc5d$ f ! "n giv5 to ! fir/-born ( mank9d4 ,d\btless a critical se>* w\ld f9d _m m2 b 9 all ^! in/ances ! d]ivative is us$ = & by ! desc5dants ( ,ham4 ,b no in/ance is f\nd :]e any su* d]ivative is 9 use by ! unmix$ po/]ity ( ,%em or ,japhe?4 ,we surely ne$ n po9t 9 ! direction ( ! cause ( ^! facts4 ,9 ,judges iv4 #aa1 we h1 8,n[1 ,heb] ! ,k5ite1 ha ,k5i17 :i* 0 ( ! *ildr5 ( ,hobab1 7! ,je?ro ( ,g5esis17 ! fa!r-9-law ( ,moses40 ,we %all h]eaft] h occasion to %[ t ! fa!r-9-law ( ,moses 0 a desc5dant ( ,misraim1 ! second son ( ,ham2 t he dwelt 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,midian1 &1 :5 spok5 ( 9 reg>d to 8 c\ntry1 0 call$ a ,midianite2 b 8 daught]1 :5 spok5 ( 9 reg>d to h] col\r1 0 call$ an ,e?iopian2 b n[1 :5 he is spok5 ( 9 reg>d to 8 race1 he is call$ a ,ca9ite1 ,k5ite4 ,9 ,jo%4 xv4 #ag1 we h a d]ivative 9 common orig9 ( ! =ego+1 9 8,k5az10 ! bro!r ( ,caleb2 b ^u exam9+ #a ,*ron4 ii41 we %all f9d a suffici5t reason 9 ! blood ( t family2 & 9 all in/ances :]e su* d]ivative is f\nd1 we %all f9d ! same cause to w>rant its use4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,vii4 ,su* evid5ce z !re may be t ,ham did take to wife "s p>ticul> female ( ! race ( ,ca91 w also be ! mo/ positive evid5ce t _! desc5dants are "o & ! same4 ,let x be notic$ t1 imm$iately prec$+ ! acc\nt ( ! flood1 & ! causes :i* l$ to t judgm5t ^u ! e>?1 we are pres5t$ ) ! g5ealogical tables ( ! families ( ,ca9 & ,se?1 d[n to t p]iod2 & t ^! tables t]m9ate ) ,ham1 9 t ( ,se?1 & 9 ! female ,naamah1 ! daught] ( ,lame*1 9 ! g5ealogy ( ,ca94 ,ham & ,naamah are ?us plac$ ^u a p>allel1 s f> z x reg>ds ^! tables4 ,x surely is n difficult to p]ceive ! cause :y1 9 ! table ( ,se?1 ! g5ealogical l9e end+ 9 ! family ( ,noah 0 select$2 b1 if ! entire race ( ,ca9 7 to be de/roy$ by ! flood1 :y 0 ! p>ticul> l9e end+ 9 ,naamah *os58 ,:y 0 any su* table ( 8 race requir$8 ,beside ,eve1 ! two wives ( ,lame* & ?is ,naamah are ! only females ^: names are giv5 be=e ! flood8 ,if ! entire race ( ,ca9 0 de/roy$1 h[ 0 ! "n ( ,naamah ( m importance = u to "k ?an t ( ?\s&s ( ! same race8 ,:y has ,god s5t ^! facts d[n to u8 ,has he ev] reveal$ to u any ?+ unnecess>y = u to "k8 ,is x consi/5t ) 8 "* to d s8 ,!re h be51 ?r\gh all "t s9ce ! deluge1 traditions & leg5ds among ! ,arabians1 & _m o!r ,asiatic tribes1 t ?is ,naamah & h] po/]ity cont9u$ ^u ! e>? subsequ5t to t p]iod4 ,we give 9 sub/ance a tale ( tradition>y lore among ! ,ea/]n nations1 f\nd 9 ! ,book ,zoh>1 & ref]r$ to by ,sale1 page #hg4 ,!y believe t at an extremely anci5t "t1 !re 0 an inf]ior race ( be+s1 :om !y call 8j910 7qu]y1 a cognate ( yana or jana1 to ca/ d[n1 de/roy$1 us$ 9 a bad s5se1 to ca/ away27 t ?is race 0 creat$ f1 by1 or someway connect$ ) fire1 heat1 c41 ei!r 9 _! orig9al /ate or 9 an acquir$ condition2 t !y eat1 dr9k1 propagate1 & die1 & are subjects ( salvation or reprobation1 l m52 t !y inhabit$ ! _w = ages be=e ,adam 0 creat$2 t !y fell at l5g? into g5]al corruption2 t1 !re=e1 ,eblis 7"o ( ! names ( ! devil7 drove !m into a remote "p ( ! e>?1 & conf9$ !m !re2 b1 h[ev]1 "s ( _! race rema9$2 & t ,tahmunah1 7! ,noah ( ! ,hebrew ,scriptures17 "o ( ! anci5t k+s ( ,p]sia1 drove !m into ! m\nta9s ( ,kf4 ,ano!r v]sion ( ! same leg5d is1 t ?is race ( be+s 0 begott5 by ,aza ) ,naamah1 ! daught] ( ,lame*4 7,let u "h note1 aza is a ,*aldaic ^w1 mean+ heat1 to gr[ hot1 c41 & z su* is us$ 9 ,dan4 iii4 #bb1--!re=e a synonyme ) ,ham1 z appli$ to ! son ( ,noah47 ,b "s h x t ! race is ! jo9t (fspr+1 or f ! d\ble pat]nity1 ( ,aza & ,azael4 7,let u also notice1 t ?is mon/rosity ( pat]nity is r$uc$ to a s+le p]sonage by ! fact1 t ! ,hebrew suffix el m]ely gives quality1 ev5 by repetition1 z ?us1--,aza ! mighty ,aza47 ,b ?is v]sion ( ! leg5d d5om9ates ! race 8,%$im10 ! plural ( %$1 a ^w sometimes us$ to express idols1 b m (t5 us$ to mean desolation1 de/ruction1 c42 & because ! nurs+ brea/ is (t5 exhau/$1 or f ! notion t su* exhau/ion is ak9 to a ?+ de/roy$1 ?is ^w is appli$ to ! female brea/2 & h5ce a po/]ity /rongly m>k$ by natural peculi>ities w\ld v readily take "s "n expressive ( su* fact4 ,ev5 at ?is day1 9 ref]5ce to su* peculi>ities1 we say1 !y took x f ! 8brea/40 ,we deem x unnecess>y to ent] into a critical hi/ory ( ! ^w %$ or %$im1 z us$ by ! ,arabians1 ! 8s$0 ( ! ,hebrews2 b we may be p]mitt$ to rem>k t1 f its convey+ ! idea ( de/ruction1 desolation1 s /rongly1 ! ,hebrews appli$ x also to mean a 8field10 or c\ntry1 9 a de/roy$ or desolate or uncultivat$ condition2 & x is ?us us$ 9 _m places4 ,see ,g5esis iii4 #a42 & is ?us ! ^w we call ,sodom4 ,x always c>ries ) x ! idea opposite to improvem5t2 &1 gov]n$ by ! same lead+ idea1 writ]s h appli$ x1 p]haps r figuratively1 to any liv+ exi/5ce f\nd w&]+ ov] wa/e & solit>y di/ricts4 ,we might pursue ! subject ( ?is tradition1 & f ! analogy ( language1 z well z f anci5t associations1 at lea/ f9d "s evid5ce t ,zahmurah 0 no o!r ?an ,noah2 t ! affix 8el0 ) ,aza arose f ! ackn[l$g$ sup]iority ( ! race ( ,se? to t ( ,ca91 9 consequ5ce ( :i* !y 7 sometimes describ$ z 8! sons ( ,god10 ,g54 vi4 #d2 & t ! tradition po9ts to ! race ( ,ham1 & _! humble condition 9 ! _w4 ,traces ( ?is leg5d w n only be f\nd z above1 b also 9 ,gem>a1 9 ,hagiga1 & ,igrat ,baale ,hayy91 c4 #ae4 ,if x be a fact t ! ,negro race are ! desc5dants ( ,ham & ,naamah1 ! daught] ( ,lame*1 ( ! race ( ,ca91 x might be ?\ght !re w\ld /ill be exi/+ "s traditions ( su* an extraord9>y fact4 ,z su* we pres5t ! leg5d3 n t we atta* to x any undue importance1 & especially n to be receiv$ z evid5ce at all1 9 contradiction ( "o ^w f\nd 9 ! holy books4 ,b if a leg5d ( anci5t "t %all be f\nd1 :5 sift$ f ! ignorance ( fable or ! fraud ( design1 to co9cide ) facts z relat$ 9 ! holy books1 we may be p]mitt$ to consid] ! same z a circum/ance n altoge!r unwor?y ( consid]ation4 ,b1 we repeat1 unless ,naamah 0 to survive ! de/ruction ( ! deluge1 :y 0 h] "n1 :y 0 h] g5ealogy record$ & s5t d[n to future "t8 ,we ?9k x c]ta9 t if %e did survive ! flood1 %e mu/ h done s z ! wife ( "o ( ,noah's sons4 ,n[1 z x is evid5t t ! int]mixture ( ! two races 0 reg>d$ by ,jehovah z a s91 x is n probable t ei!r ,%em or ,japhe? took h] to wife1 s9ce !y 7 bo? mo/ hon\rably di/+ui%$ by a public bless+ imm$iately aft] ! flood4 ,b aga93 ,noah _h be5 prea*+ ! !n imp5d+ ru9 ne> a hundr$ ye>s4 ,lame* might well h _h "s glimpses ( ! subdiluvian _w1 & c]ta9ly saw ! consequ5tial ru9 to "y ,ham1 ( ! holy family ( ,noah1 f su* a connection ) 8 daught]1 ,naamah4 ,x c\ld n o!rwise ?an op]ate z a moral dea? to all ! high hopes ( him & 8 po/]ity4 ,9 case su* connection 0 =m$1 & ,lame* 0 =w>d 9 aid+ or influ5c+ x1 !n well might 8 tr\bl$ s\l exclaim to 8 two wives z relat$4 ,b 9 case ,ham did take to wife ?is daught] ( ,lame*1 we might expect h] "n also to be held 9 remembrance by h] po/]ity1 z we h se5 to "s ext5t 0 t ( ,ca92 & if we f9d su* fact to exi/ 9 reg>d to h]1 x w be to our m9d /rong additional pro(1 t ! desc5dants ( ,ham 7 9 common ! desc5dants ( ,ca94 ,we notice "h ! fact1 :i* we may h]eaft] deem necess>y to prove1 t1 ( ! *ildr5 ( ,ham1 ,cu% orig9ally settl$ 9 ,arabia & ! s\?we/]n p>ts ( ,asia g5]ally1 ,misraim 9 ,egypt1 ,phut 9 ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,africa & s\?w>d indef9itely1 & ,canaan 9 ,pale/9e4 ,:5 ?is latt] c\ntry came to be conqu]$ by ,jo%ua1 he f\nd a city by ! "n ( 8,naamah10 situat$ 9 t portion :i* 0 giv5 to ! tribe ( ,judah4 ,see ,jo%4 xv4 #da4 ,b we %all directly see t !re mu/ h also be5 ano!r city by ! "n ( 8,naamah10 situat$ probably 9 ! region orig9ally occupi$ by ,cu%4 ,! book ( ,job is suppos$ to h be5 writt5 z e>ly z ! days ( ,abraham4 ,"o ( ! m5 nam$ 9 x is ,zoph> ! 8,naama?ite40 ,see ,job ii4 #aa2 also xi4 #a42 also xlii4 #i4 ,he 0 an inhabitant ( 8,naamah10 at a mu* m anci5t p]iod ?an ! "t ( ,jo%ua4 ,job is repres5t$ z ( ! l& ( 8,uz10 f> di/ant f ! l& ( ,canaan1 9 ! ea/]n p>ts ( ,arabia4 ,8 intimate fri5ds & acqua9tances _c be expect$ to h be5 ( s di/ant a c\ntry z 0 ! l& ( ,judea4 ,! evid5ce is !n t !re mu/ h be5 a city 9 ! l& ( ,cu% by ! same "n4 ,b 9 ,g54 x4 #g1 "o ( ! sons ( ,cu% is call$ ,raamah3 we ?9k ^? :o w exam9e ! subject w f9d ?is t]m a m]e alt]ation or adult]ation ( ,naamah1 z !re are _m o!rs1 a t$i\s explanation ( :i* might n be excus$ at our h&4 ,suffice x !n to say t among ! ,cu%ites at a v e>ly p]iod "o :ole tribe 7 call$ 8,naama?ites10 di/9ct f ! ,naama?ites t liv$ 9 ! city ( ,naamah conqu]$ by ,jo%ua4 ,ano!r v>iation ( ?is ^w w be f\nd 9 ! ^w 8,hama?ites10 ,g54 xvi4 #ah4 ,?is ^w is us$1 diff]5tly v>i$1 9 ,num4 xiii4 #ba1 xxvi4 #dj2 ,judges iii4 #c2 #a ,k+s x4 #fe1 xiv4 #ba-ca2 #b ,k+s v4 #a-bg2 #b ,sam4 viii4 #i2 #a ,*ron4 viii4 #d1 #g2 #b ,*ron4 viii4 #c1 xii4 #ac2 ,isa4 x4 #i1 also xi4 #aa1 also xvii4 #aj2 ,ezek4 xlvii4 #af1 #bj1 also xlviii4 #a1 & p]haps _m o!r places2 & 9 all cases 9 ref]5ce to individuals1 ! p & c\ntry ( ! ,canaanites1 & no d\bt 9 memory ( _! great female prog5itor1 ,naamah1 ! daught] ( ,lame*1 ( ! race ( ,ca94 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,viii4 ,be=e we close ?is bran* ( our inquiry1 let u exam9e into ! significancy & composition ( ! "n 8,naamah10 z appli$ to ! daught] ( ,lame*3 & we take occasion "h to say h[ deeply we are indebt$ to ! lab\rs ( ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,lee1 ! regius pr(essor ( ,hebrew 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge1 ,engl&1 & :om we h no "q 9 believ+ to be among ! mo/ p5etrat+ ori5tal s*ol>s ( ! age4 ,by an intimate k ( ! ,asiatic languages1 he discov]$ t 9 _m in/ances :]e1 9 a cognate case1 ! ,heemanti w\ld be us$ 9 ,hebrew1 9 !m ! ^w 0 suppli$ ) a p>ticle1 *ang+ or influ5c+ ! s5se4 ,^u full rese>*1 he det]m9$ t ! ,heemanti1 9 ,hebrew1 7 ! fragm5ts ( anci5t or obsolete p>ticles1 /ill influ5c+ ! significance z w\ld h done ! p>ticles !mselves4 ,let u take an example 9 our own language3 able implies fulness ( p[]2 add to x ! prefix un1 & y rev]se ! s5se :olly4 ,yet we d n p]ceive1 )\t reflection1 t ! prefix really is a contraction ( some?+ simil> to 8,i am n10 c4 ,) ?is door op5 to a con/itutional k ( ! language1 let u take ! ^w am4 ,! t]m9at+ aspirate ( ! ^w ,naamah w be readily =m$ f ?is by ! usual fem99e1 z a fragm5t ( ! lat] ba?4 ,& = ! prefix nun1 we beg leave to quote f ,lee's ,lectures1 pages #abc & #abd3 8,we come n[ to propose a conjecture on ! prefix nun1 & on ! modification ( s5se :i* primitive words und]go 9 consequ5ce ( its influ5ce4 ,if !n we take ?is 77 z ! defective =m ( "s primitive ^w1 appe>+ sometimes 9 ! =m ( 1 at o!r times z only1 we may suppose x to h be5 d]iv$ f ! 7,arabic7 root1 :i*1 _h x be5 pres]v$ 9 ,hebrew1 might h be5 writt5 hanah1 anah1 or ana4 ,! s5ses attribut$ to x by ,ca/ell 79 8 ,arabic ,lexicon7 are1 among o!rs1 #8ad extremum p]fectionis t]m9um p]v5it--assecutus fuit1 seu p]cepit--ret9uit1 det9uit1 co]cuit1--l5itate1 mode/ia et pati5tia usus fuit1' c4 ,suppos+ ?is ^w1 or "s defective =m ( x1 to be con/ru$ ) any o!r1 ! s5se ( bo? tak5 toge!r w\ld1 9 g5]al1 give ! =ce ( ! =ms ?us comp\nd$4 ,& z ?is =m ( comp\nd is (t5 9 ! lead+ ^w ( "o ( ! conjugations1 x becomes ! m important to asc]ta9 its prop]ties4 ,primitive words receiv+ ?is p>ticle w h a sort ( passive s5se1 or w exhibit subjection to ! action impli$ by ! primitive accid5tally1 b n habitually4 ,words receiv+ ?is augm5t1 subject+ !m to ! action impli$ by ! primitive ^w1 may1 :5 ! context requires x1 also be con/ru$ z hav+ a reciprocal s5se1 or z imply+ possibility10 c4 ,n[ !n1 let u pres5t examples ( ! influ5ce ( ?is p>ticul> ,heemanti3 -- sakur1 a hirel+1 "o ^: habit is to be hir$1 "o ^: occupation is t ( be+ hir$ by o!rs4 ,add nun1 & we h niskk>u1 z 9 #a ,sam4 ii4 #e1 & translat$ ?us3 8,!y t 7 full h hir$ out !mselves = bread40 ,! idea 9 ,hebrew is3 ,!y :o 7 habitually full1 f ! =ce ( ! circum/ances influ5c+ ! case1 h be5 compell$ to hire !mselves to o!rs = bread4 ,! sakur is a hirel+ f habit1 f con/itution1 f cu/om1 c41 & :i* idea ent]s into ! mean+ ( ! ^w4 ,b ! prefix ( ! propos$ ,heemanti at once de/roys all idea ( habit1 fitness1 con/itution1 or cu/om2 b yet ! individual is a 8hirel+10 b only z ! =ce ( circum/ances influ5c+ ! case compell$ him to be s4 ,?us ?is ,heemanti gives a reflective quality1 reflect+ back ^u ! ag5t or actor1 z ?us3 %am>1 he gu>ds1 ni%m>1 he gu>ds himself2 t is1 "u ! =ce ( circum/ances affect+ ! case1 he 0 compell$ to gu>d himself4 ,?us *em> is sometimes us$ to express ! idea black1 z a con/ant1 habitual quality4 ,9 ,lam4 v4 #aj1 we f9d x ) ?is ,heemanti1 ?us1 ni*em>u1 8our sk9 0 black20 n t _! sk9 0 naturally & habitually black1 b made s by ! facts ( ! case3 & ?is same ^w1 ) ?is ,heemanti1 is us$ 9 ,g54 xliii4 #cj1 & translat$1 by attempt+ to express a ,hebrew cognate idea1 into 8ye>n40 ,! idea is1 8 b[els did n habitually 8ye>n10 b ! action 0 =c$ ^u him by ! facts ( ! case2 & ! same aga9 9 #a ,k+s iii4 #bf4 ,9 ,hosea xi4 #h1 we f9d x aga9 translat$ 8my rep5t+s are k9dl$30 because 8 p 7 b5t on backslid+1 :i* w\ld cause ! ,assyrian to be _! k+1 & w> to be 9 _! cities cont9ually1 & _! bad c\nsels !mselves to be de/roy$1 8 rep5t+s 7 =c$ to be 8k9dl$40 ,see ! passage4 ,?is p>ticle !n prefix$ to ! ^w am1 ) its fem99e t]m9ation1 makes ! ^w ,naamah1 ) ! mean+1 "u ! condition ( ?+s1 %e 0 to become a p di/9ct to h]self2 n t %e w\ld be a p absolutely1 by ! habitual action ( con/itu5t ability1 b %e w\ld be a p di/9ct to h]self1 only z ! peculi> influ5c+ causes made h] s1--%[+ also t ^! causes gave di/9ction & "* to h] po/]ity4 ,?us h] v "n %ad[$ =? ! condition ( h] race4 ,a ,fr5*man goes to ,engl&1 or vice v]sa3 a g5]ation passes & nationality is lo/4 ,n s ) ! ,e?iopian4 ,= 8?\gh ?\ wa% !e ) nitre & take !e mu* soap1 yet ?9e iniquity is m>k$ be=e me1 sai? ! ,"l ,god40 ,j]4 ii4 #bb4 ,a =m ( ! ^w 8,naamah0 is us$ 9 "* ( a mascul9e plural1 9 ,isa4 xvii4 #aj1 & translat$ 8pleasant10 z if f nam4 ,=c$ to diff] f ?is translation1 we beg leave to place ! :ole passage be=e ! s*ol>s ( ! day3 ,x is translat$ ?us3 8,because ?\ ha/ =gott5 ! ,god ( ?y salvation1 & ha/ n be5 m9dful ( ! rock ( ?y /r5g?1 !re=e %alt ?\ plant pleasant plants & %alt set x ) /range slips40 ,we beg to inquire :e!r !re is n a mat]ial defect 9 ! latt] clause ( ?is translation8 ,! v]b 8to plant10 9 ,hebrew1 gov]ns two accusatives1 to wit1 ! plantation & ! ?+ plant$4 ,9 ,engli%1 we are compell$ to r5d] "o ( ! names z gov]n$ by a preposition4 ,?us1 he plant$ a field ) corn1 or he plant$ corn 9 a field4 ,! ^w zemora?1 is (t5 translat$ a song1 z 8,! ,"l ,jehovah is my /r5g? & song40 ,see ,ps4 cxviii4 #ad & ,isa4 xii4 #b4 ,b ! idea is m compreh5sive ?an is our idea express$ by ! t]m 8song40 ,x includes ! result ( a c\rse ( conduct4 ,?us ! result ( a dev\t wor%ip ( ,god is t ,jehovah becomes ! 8,zemora?0 ( ! wor%ipp]2 & we d\bt n our t]m result1 al?\gh imp]fect1 w give a bett] view ( ! prophet's idea 9 ?is place ?an ! song4 ,9 ?is s5se ?is ^w is us$ 9 ,g54 xliii4 #aa1 & translat$ 8fruits30 ?us1 8take ( ! be/ fruits ( ! l&10 t is1 ! be/ results ( our cultivation4 ,! prophet in=ms 8 p t !y int]mix & amalgamate ) ! ,naama?ites because !y h =got ,god1 & t ! result is ! two la/ words 9 ! passage1 to wit1 ! 8z>0 & 8tiz]a-ennu0 t is1 a 8/rang]40 ,see ,exod4 xxx4 #cc2 ,levit4 xxii4 #aj1 #ab1 #ac1 :]e 8z>0 is translat$ 8/rang]20 also1 ,job xix4 #ae1 #ag2 also1 ,prov4 v4 #aj1 #ag1 & #bj2 & _m o!r places1 surely en\gh to det]m9e its mean+ "h4 ,! orig9al s5se ( ! la/ ^w 9 ! passage 0 to s[ se$1 h5ce to scatt] & de/roy4 ,! result ( su* amalgamation !n is1 _! po/]ity w be a det]iorat$ race1 & ! pure ,hebrew /ock s[n to ! w9ds1 scatt]$1 wa/$ away & de/roy$4 ,9 ^! highly excit$ & poetic effusions ( ! prophet1 we are to notice ! *a9 ( ?\ght & mode ( expression by :i* he rea*es ! object 9 view4 ,?is *apt] comm5ces ) ! in=mation t ,damascus %all cease to be a city2 t ,aro] %all be =sak51 & ,ephraim be )\t a =tress to protect h]2 & f9ally t ,jacob %all be made ?91 l a few scatt]+ grapes f\nd by ! glean]1 or a few b]ries ( ! olive left 9 ! top ( ! b\gh1 & ! h\se ( ,jacob become desolate4 ,9 ! passage "u consid]ation ! causes ( ?is condition ( ,jacob are ann\nc$4 ,if our view ( ! ^w 8,naamah0 be correct1 9 ! mascul9e plural1 z "h us$1 x w be q analog\s to ,e?iopians4 ,b we h no "o ^w ( its mean+2 p]haps ! idea w be m correctly express$ by ,naama?ites4 ,evid5tly ! idea int5d$ to be convey$ by ! prophet by ! ^w ,naamanim1 is1 a p ^: cultivation w\ld be abortive z to !m & injuri\s to ! cultivator2 t is1 a p ) :om int]m>riage w produce no?+ b injury & de/ruction to ! h\se ( ,jacob4 ,by ! use ( "s su* p>aphrasis ! idea ( ! prophet w be br\ght to m9d3 8,because ?\ ha/ =gott5 ! ,god ( ?y salvation1 & ha/ n be5 m9dful ( ! rock ( ?y /r5g?1 !re=e %alt ?\ 7or !re=e do/ ?\7 plant ,naama?ites10 7t is1 amalgamate ) ! desc5dants ( ,ham & ,naamah17 8& ! fruits ( ! l& %all be a /rang]0 7t is1 _! adult]at$ po/]ity w be hea!n7 8scatt]+ !e away20 t is1 wa/+ away n only ! purity ( ! ,hebrew blood1 b _! wor%ip also4 ,repeat3 8,because ?\ ha/ =gott5 ! ,god ( ?y salvation1 & ha/ n be5 m9dful ( ! rock ( ?y /r5g?40 ,!re=e do/ ?\ cohabit ) ! hea!n1 & ?y po/]ity1 ,o ,jacob1 %all be an enemy1 & ?\ scatt]$ away & de/roy$6 ,su* is ! ann\ncem5t ( ! prophet4 ,"o ( ! mo/ bitt] specim5s ( irony conta9$ 9 ! ,scriptures is ! answ] ( ,job to ! ,naama?ite3 8,no d\bt b ye are ! p1 & wisdom %all die ) y40 ,! passage ne$s no comm5t4 ,! view we take ( ! ^w 8,naamanim10 z us$ by ,isaiah1 we ?9k w>rant$ by ! succe$+ s5t5ce1 :i* we ask ! s*ol> to notice4 8,= a day ?\ %alt make ?y plant to gr[1 = a morn+ ?\ %alt make ?y se$ to fl\ri%1 b ! h>ve/ %all be a heap0 7a burd5 unbe>able7 89 ! days ( grief & desp]ate sorr[40 ,& su* has ev] be5 ! lot ( ! :ite p>5t :o has amalgamat$ ) ! negro2 z to po/]ity1 x is ru94 ,! prophet borr[$ 8 figure f agriculture4 ,8 int5tion 0 to pres5t to ! m9d ! abortiv5ess ( su* a c\rse ( s91 by pres5t+ a bold & di/9ct view ( ! m5tal & moral "* ( ! desc5dants ( ,naamah2 & is on a p> )--8,are ye n z ! *ildr5 ( ! ,e?iopians unto me1 ,o *ildr5 ( ,israel8 sai? ! ,"l40 ,amos ix4 #g4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,ix4 ,by ref]r+ to ! in/ances :]e we allege are to be f\nd v>iations ( ! names ,ca9 & ,naamah1 x w be at once notic$ t "s ( !m are q rem>kable4 ,%all we be excus$ = a few rem>ks 9 explanation1 by way ( example1 ( o!r l+ual *anges8 ,que5 ,elizabe? liv$ b ye/]day2 & h] hi/ory has n advanc$ ?r\gh a v great v>iety ( languages1 yet we f9d1 9 commemoration ( h]1 "o place nam$ ,elizabe?1 ,elizabe? ,city1 ,elizabe?t[n1 ,elizabe?ville1 ,elizabe?burg1 & ano!r1 ev5 ,betsey's ,wa%-tub1 & because %e 0 nev] m>ri$1 "o is call$ ,virg9 ,que51 & ano!r ,virg9ia4 ,n[1 we all "k t at a v anci5t p]iod1 ! wor%ip ( ! sun & ( fire 0 introduc$ into ! ,briti% ,isles4 ,is !re no?+ left at ?is day 9 commemoration ( t fact8 ,! sun became an object ( great & absorb+ consid]ation4 ,! anci5t ,celtic ^w grian meant ! sun2 f ! application ( ?is ^w & its v>iations1 we h a pro(1 n only ( h[ words are made to *ange1 b also ( ! fact t ! p ( t c\ntry 7 once addict$ to ! wor%ip ( ! sun or fire4 ,h5ce ,apollo1 :o 0 ! sun p]sonifi$1 0 call$ ,grynu4 ,at once we f9d a s+ul> *ange 9 ! "n ( ! ,druidical idol ,crom-,crua*1 (t5 call$ ,cean ,groi?1 ! head ( ! sun4 ,?is 0 ! image or idol god to :om ! anci5t inhabitants ( ,irel& (f]$ infants & "y *ildr5 a sacrifice4 ,x 0 9 fact ! same z ! ,molo* ( ! anci5t ,hamitic occupants ( ,pale/9e1 & 0 s firmly e/abli%$ 9 ! sup]/itions ( ! _w1 t :atev] race _h ! asc5d5cy 9 ,irel&1 x cont9u$ to be ?us wor%ipp$1 giv+ ! "n ( ! 8,pla9s ( slaught]0 to ! place ( its location1 until ,/4 ,patrick _h ! success to de/roy ! image & its wor%ip2 & h5ce also ! names ,knoc-gre9e & ,tuam-gre9e1 hills :]e ! sun 0 wor%ipp$1 & o!r places 9 ,irel&1 ev5 n[ keep 9 memory t wor%ip3 ,cairn-,gra9ey1 ! sun's heap1 ,granniss' b$1 corrupt$ f ,grian-,bea*t1 ! sun's circle4 ,a po9t ( l& ne> ,wex=d is call$ ,gr5or1 ! sun's fire1 & ! t[n ( ,granaid1 because ! sun 0 wor%ipp$ !re4 ,& we may notice a /ill great] v>iation 9 ,c>ig-,croi?1 ! rock ( ! sun--& ev5 our pres5t ^w grange1 f ! almo/ obsolete idea1 a place enclos$1 sep>ate & di/9ct1 b op5 to ! sun1 n[ us$ z a synonyme ( f>m4 ,let u take our ^w fire1 & we %all p]ceive rem>kable *anges ?r\gh all ! languages f ! ,*aldaic d[n4 ,g54 xi4 #bh1 8,ur0 is translat$ f :i* means fire4 ,abraham 0 a native ( ,*aldea1 & f a place :]e !y wor%ipp$ fire1 or ! sun4 ,x 0 us$ to mean ! sun1 ,job xxxviii4 #ab2 also1 9 ! plural1 ,isa4 xxiv4 #ae3 8,:]e=e glorify ye ! ,"l 9 ! fires80 ,x is "h urim4 ,because fire emitt$ light1 x became us$ to mean light4 ,! words urim & ?ummim meant lights or fires1 & tru?3 among ! fire-wor%ipp]s ! same t]m meant fire & sun4 ,! ,copts call$ _! k+s suns4 ,h5ce f ?is t]m !y took ! ^w ouro1 to mean ! idea ( royalty2 _! article pi1 made pi\ro1 ! sun or ! k+1 :i* be+ c>ri$ back to ! ,hebrews1 !y made x ,ph>aoh2 b ! sun 0 reg>d$ z a god1 & h5ce ! ,egyptian k+s came to be call$ gods2 b ! ,*aldaic & ,hebrew 1 :5 appli$ to fire or ! sun by ! ,copts1 z an object ( wor%ip1 0 di/+ui%$ f ! idea ( royalty by ! t]m ra & re1 ) ! p>ticle pira & pire1 g5]ally writt5 phra & phre4 ,h5ce ! ,greek 1 pur1 to mean fire1 & h5ce pyrites1 :i* means a fire-/one1 a /one well burn$1 or a /one conta9+ fire1 c4 ,& h5ce also ! ,hebrew ^w rai1 a mirror1 vision1 ! god ( vision1 & by figure a conspicu\s or illu/ri\s p]son4 ,b accord+ to ,butman1 ! ,sanscrit root ,raja is ! orig9al ( ! obsolete ,greek ^w1 1 1 1 & if s1 possibly ( ! ,*aldaic ^w "u view4 ,b h[ev] t may be1 x is evid5t t ! ,greek radios is at lea/ d]iv$ ?r\gh ! *annel indicat$2 & we n[ use ! t]m ray to mean an emanation f great p[]4 ,our ^w reg5t is also f ! same s\rce1 ?r\gh ! ,lat9 rex1 & may be f\nd1 slightly modifi$1 ?r\gh all ! ,european dialects4 ,& x may be rem>k$ t1 cognate !re)1 we h ! ,arabic ^w raiheh1 or raygeh1 to mean fragrancy2 ! poetic m9ds ( ! ,arabians uni=mly apply+ ?is image to legitimate rule & gov]nm5t4 ,& if we take a view ( ! filiations ( languages1 ev5 z !y are n[ f\nd1 su* *anges _c be deem$ unusual1 especially if we take into consid]ation ! inevitable v>iation words are f\nd to und]go 9 _! progress ?r\gh diff]5t c\ntries & ages ( "t2 & m especially1 if we notice ! precise mann] 9 :i* l+ual v>iations are f\nd to op]ate4 ,*anges ( language sometimes take place ^u a s+le ^w app>5tly by caprice1 among diff]5t tribes ( p1--sometimes by ! transposition ( ! consonant or v[el s\nd2 by ! ins]tion ( a lett] or lett]s = ! sake ( euphony2 by ! contraction or abbreviation ( lett]s = ! sake ( despat*2 by ! r$uplication ( a lett] or syllable on ! acc\nt ( "s real or fanci$ importance or emphasis atta*$ to x2 & by ! deletion or addition ( a lett] or syllable at ! comm5cem5t or end ( a ^w1 = a real or suppos$ m felicit\s enunciation ( c]ta9 s\nds 9 succession2 & h5ce alt]ations1 slight at fir/1 are liable to become q rem>kable4 ,?us 9 ,greek1 becomes =m 9 ,lat92 regnum becomes reign2 clum1 ciel2 ultra jectum1 ,utre*t2 & eb$1 ev$1 z v>i\sly pron\nc$1 mean+ a slave1 becomes ob$i5s1 ob$i5t]1 ob$io1 ob$i5tia1 9 ,lat91 & obey1 ob$i5t1 c41 9 ,engli%4 ,! ,celtic ros becomes horse1 & ! ,engli% grass becomes g>se4 ,consonants ( ! same ord] are int]*ang$2 p becomes b1 & b v1 d t1 g k & sometimes n1-- becomes ph or f1 d or t becomes ?1 & g or c gh4 ,x is !re=e impossible t su* *anges %\ld n h tak5 place1 & !re=e !y give pro( ( ! g5u95ess ( ! hi/ory !y may develop4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,x4 ,,we h h]et(ore rem>k$ t su* names z are d]iv$ f ,ca9 or ,naamah are nev] f\nd 9 ! holy books1 except among & appli$ to ! desc5dants ( ,ham4 ,b !re are "s few in/ances ( ! application ( ^! t]ms 9 ! family ( ! ,b5jamites4 ,x is !re=e our design n[ to prove1 s f> z may be1 t su* in/ances1 9 ! family ( ,b5jam91 are :olly conf9$ to ^? cases :]e ! ,b5jamite 0 a mix$-blood$ p]son1 & a desc5dant ( ,ham1 z well z ( ! y\nge/ son ( ,jacob4 ,! holy books d give evid5ce t individuals ( ! race ( ,%em did sometimes comm+le ) ! desc5dants ( ,ham4 ,f ! proximity ( ! ,israelite tribes to ^? ( ,ham2 f _! co-habitation ( ,pale/9e itself1 x 0 natural to expect among ! l[ & vulg>1 z well z among ^? ^: morals hung loosely ab\t !m1 t su* int]mixture %\ld take place4 8,n[ ,%e%an _h no sons1 b daught]s4 ,& ,%e%an _h a s]vant1 7 eb$1 a slave17 an ,egyptian1 7 ,mitsri1 a ,misraimite1 a desc5dant ( ! second son ( ,ham17 ^: "n 0 ,j>ha4 ,& ,%e%an gave 8 daught] to ,j>ha 8 s]vant1 7 eb$1 slave7 to wife40 #a ,*ron4 ii4 #cd1 #ce4 ,prov+ ! wisdom & tru? ( ! say+ ( ,solomon1 8,he t delicately br+e? up 8 s]vant 7 eb$1 slave7 f a *ild1 %all h him become 8 son at l5g?40 ,prov4 xxix4 #ba4 8,rehoboam 0 =ty-"o ye>s old :5 he began to reign2 & he reign$ sev5te5 ye>s 9 ,j]usalem1 ! city :i* ! ,"l did *oose out ( all ! tribes ( ,israel to put 8 "n !re3 & 8 "m's "n 0 ,naamah1 an ,ammonitess4 ,& ,rehoboam slept ) 8 fa!rs1 & 0 buri$ ) 8 fa!rs 9 ! city ( ,david4 ,& 8 "m's "n 0 ,naamah1 an ,ammonitess40 #a ,k+s xiv4 #ba1 #ca4 8,= ,rehoboam 0 "o-&-=ty ye>s old :5 he began to reign1 & he reign$ sev5te5 ye>s 9 ,j]usalem1 ! city :i* ! ,"l _h *os5 out ( all ! tribes ( ,israel1 to put 8 "n !re1 & 8 "m's "n 0 ,naamah1 an ,ammonitess40 #b ,*ron4 xii4 #ac4 8,b ,k+ ,solomon lov$ _m /range wom51 toge!r ) ! daught] ( ,ph>aoh2 wom5 ( ! ,moabites1 ,ammonites1 ,edomites1 ,zidonians1 & ,hittites2 ( ! nations conc]n+ :i* ! ,"l said unto ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 ,ye %all n g 9 to !m1 nei!r %all !y come 9 unto y40 #a ,k+s xi4 #a1 #b4 ,by ?us p]sonally amalgamat+ ) ! v>i\s nations ov] :om he rul$1 ,solomon1 no d\bt1 expect$ m firmly to e/abli% 8 ?rone4 ,?is l$ to ! selection ( ! son ( ?is woman = 8 successor4 ,a va/ majority ( ! tribes ov] :om 8 reign ext5d$ 7 ! desc5dants ( ,ham4 ,b ?is v act1 :i* he ?\ght to be political wisdom1 al?\gh contr>y to ! laws ( ,god1 br\ght ru9 to ! p]man5cy ( 8 dyna/y4 ,! great majority ( 8 ,jewi% subjects1 hunt+ up1 z 0 natural1 plausible excuses1 reject$ ) scorn ! contam9ation ( ! royal h\se4 ,& we see su* manife/ation ( ,div9e provid5ce ev5 at ! pres5t day3 ev5 among ourselves1 m5 ^: tal5ts & patriotism might au?orize !m to look to any /ation1 are =c$ back by public s5tim5t1 degrad$ by a notori\s amalgamation ) ! desc5dants ( ,ham4 ,we %all h]eaft] see "s pro( t ?is 8,naamah10 ! "m ( ,rehoboam1 0 ! individual ^: praises are celebrat$ 9 ! book ( ,canticles3 at any rate1 %e 0 an ,ammonitess1 a desc5dant ( ,ham1 & ! prophet ,hanani includes ! ,ammonites among ^? :om he calls ,e?iopians4 ,see #b ,*ron4 xvi4 #h4 ,if !n x be true t ,naamah1 ! daught] ( ,lame*1 0 ! great female prog5itor ( ! race ( ,ham1 we %\ld expect to f9d "s te/imony ( h] remembrance ev5 among h] m+l$ (fspr+4 ,& s9ce ! unmix$ race ( ,ham h g5]ally1 at all times ( ! _w1 be5 too degrad$ to ev5 leave beh9d !m any writt5 memorials1 x is to ! mix$ race1 & _! connection ) ! races ( ,%em & ,japhe?1 t we are pr9cipally to look = any p>ticul> fact conc]n+ !m2 & x is reasonable to conclude1 z we f9d ?is k9d ( memorial among ! mix$ race1 t ! same k9d ( memorial exi/$ mu* m frequ5tly among ! unmix$ races ( ,ham4 8,& ! sons ( ,b5jam9 7 ,belah1 & ,be*]1 & ,a%bel1 ,g]a1 & ,naaman1 ,ehi1 & ,ro%1 ,muppim1 & ,huppim1 & ,ard40 ,g54 xlvi4 #ba4 8,! sons ( ,b5jam9 aft] _! families ( ,bela1 ! family ( ! ,belaites2 ( ,a%bel1 ! family ( ! ,a%belites2 ( ,ahiram1 ! family ( ! ,ahiramites2 ( ,%upham1 ! family ( ! ,%uphamites2 ( ,hupham1 ! family ( ! ,huphamites4 ,& ! sons ( ,bela 7 ,ard & ,naaman2 ( ,ard1 ! family ( ,ardites1 & ( ,naaman1 ! family ( ,naamanites40 ,num4 xxvi4 #ch-dj4 8,n[ ,b5jam9 begat ,bela 8 fir/-born1 ,a%bel ! second1 & ,ahirah ! ?ird1 ,nohah ! f\r?1 & ,rapha ! fif?4 ,& ! sons ( ,bela 7 ,add>1 & ,g]a1 & ,abihud1 & ,abi%ua1 & ,naaman1 & ,ahoah1 & ,g]a1 & ,%ephuphan1 & ,huram4 ,& ^! are ! sons ( ,ehud3 ^! are ! heads ( ! fa!rs ( ! inhabitants ( ,geba1 & !y remov$ !m to ,manaha?4 ,& ,naaman1 & ,ahiah1 & ,g]a1 he remov$ !m1 & begat ,uzra & ,abihud4 ,& ,%ah>aim begat *ildr5 9 ! c\ntry ( ,moab1 aft] he _h s5t !m away40 #a ,*ron4 viii4 #a-h4 ,! hurri$ read] might well appreh5d ^! ?ree diff]5t acc\nts ( ! same matt] to be some:at contradictory4 ,we ?9k o!rwise4 ,we _h1 9 fact1 prep>$ sev]al %eets1 elucidat+ ^! g5ealogies ( ,b5jam91 b ^u a review we f\nd mu* irrelevant to ! subject ( our pres5t inquiry3 we deem only a few rem>ks necess>y4 ,our object is to %[ t ^! g5ealogies prove t "s portion ( ! family nam$ 7 col\r$ p1 desc5d$ f ,ham1 & t ,naaman is di/+ui%$ mo/ cle>ly to be ( t class4 ,x w be readily p]ceiv$ t ,muppim 1 9 ,g5esis1 is =m$ f ,moph1 & ?us us$ 9 ,hos4 ix4 #f3 8,memphis 7 ,moph7 %all bury !m40 ,our ^w is a ,hebraism ( ! ,coptic ^w ,noph1 ! ,nod ( ,g5esis1 ! ,no ( ! prophets ,ezekiel & ,nahum1 & f9ally conf\nd$ ) ,memphis4 ,x is "h us$ aft] ! =m ( a ,hebrew mascul9e plural1 & z a caput1 to aid 9 ! classification ( ! desc5dants ( ,b5jam92 & cle>ly designates1 :atev] may h be5 _! blood1 t "o class 7 ,memphites4 ,s ! ^w huppim is =m$ f ! q anci5t ^w haph1 :i* means innoc5ce1 purity2 :5ce also ! ^w haphah1 cov]$1 %ield$1 protect$2 & h5ce1 hupah1 bride-*amb]1 ! m>riage-b$1 & m>riage itself4 ,9 ?is s5se ! ^w is us$ 9 ,joel ii4 #af1 & 9 sev]al o!r places1 :]e ! translator has s p>aphras$ ! idea z to make x imp]ceptible to ! ,engli% read]4 ,nor is x an unwor?y consid]ation 9 ! etymology ( ?is ^w1 t f ! idea purity1 ! ,arabians borr[$ f x _! ^w hh>1 to mean :ite1 :i* 0 quickly introduc$ into ,hebrew 9 ! ^w hur1 & hor1 to mean :ite also4 ,h5ce1 ,m\nt ,hor1 8! :ite m\nta920 & f :i* bran* ( ! d]ivation ! correspond+ words 9 ,numb]s & ,*ronicles h tak5 _! orig94 ,"h1 !n1 we h ano!r ^w us$ 9 ! same mann]1 to designate ano!r class ( ! desc5dants ( ,b5jam91 z ( ! pure /ock1 legitimate & :ite4 ,! ^w va ard or ar$ 9 ,g5esis1 & ard or ar$ 9 ,numb]s1 is *ang$ by dage% & transposition into add> 9 ,*ronicles4 ,x is unnecess>y to g into an explanation ( ,hebrew peculi>ities4 ,x is probable t we nev] h _h ! true pronunciation ( any ( ^! words4 ,b h[ev] t may be1 ! analogy ( language seems to %[ t ?is ^w is a cognate ( ! ,arabic gh>adh1 & ! ,syrian dh>adh1 & f :5ce h>ad or arad2 yet !re is no?+ m common ?an = aleph & gha9 to int]*ange 9 "o & ! same ^w4 ,!y are ev] reg>d$ z cognates4 ,b aga91 ! ^w is n ( ,hebrew orig91 & ) ! latt] spell+1 we f9d x 9 ,num4 xxi4 #a1 xxxiii4 #dj1 ,jo%4 xii4 #ad1 & ,judges i4 #af1 z ! "n ( a ,canaaniti% city4 ,! ,arabic is m guttural ?an ,hebrew1 & x has two gha9s1 "o m guttural ?an ! o!r1 di/+ui%$ by rvi1 a re/+ ^u2 ?us1 9 translat+ ,arabic into ,hebrew1 ! "o w take ! ,hebrew gha91 b ! ,arabic gha9 ) :i* ?is ^w is spell$ is at once conv]t$ into ! ,hebrew aleph2 s t :ile we ?us f9d ! v ^w1 we f9d x ) ! evid5ce ( a ,canaaniti% admixture4 ,its application 9 ,hebrew seems to be mo/ly conf9$ to ! wild ass1 7see ,dan4 v4 #ba27 b ! ,syriac gives x effrnatus1 effrnis fuit1 & ! ,arabic1 durus fuit1 fugit4 ,su*1 !n1 be+ its signification 9 ^! languages1 we may well p]ceive its adapt$ness to ! wild ass4 ,we all "k t ! wild ,arabs are ! desc5dants ( ,i%mael2 n[ a true synonyme 9 ,hebrew ( ?is ^w 0 appli$ to him3 8,he %all be a wild man20 he 0 illegitimate1 mix$-blood$4 ,! t]m c apply to no o!r ?an su* a race z t ( ,i%mael1--wild1 illegitimate1 & ( impure blood4 ,9 ,numb]s we f9d ,%upham1 & 9 ,*ronicles ,%ephuphan1 sub/itut$ = ! ,muppim 9 ,g5esis2 bo? be+ ! same ^w 9 diff]5t =ms4 ,! root is %ephi1 a high situation2 h5ce %aphat1 a judge1 & its d]ivatives are appli$ to ! p]son or ?+ adjudg$4 ,h5ce %iphehhahh1 a female slave2 7,see ,g54 xvi4 #af2 i4 #b1 #c2 also xx4 #ad2 also xxxii4 #bb27 & h5ce1 also ! ,syrian %afefa1 a s]p5t1 because ! s]p5t _h be5 adjudg$1 condemn$4 ,:5ce ! ,hebrew %ephiphim1 poetically us$ to mean a s]p5t1 z1 8,dan %all judge 8 p2 ,dan %all be a s]p5t by ! way40 ,g54 xlix4 #af4 ,9 ?is passage 9 ,hebrew1 !re is a beautiful p>onomasia 9 ! ^w ,dan1 :i* also means a judge1 judge & ! s]p5t4 ,b ! s]p5t is call$ %ephiphon1 only z x _h be5 adjudg$2 & x is to be notic$1 z "h us$1 x has ! same po9ts & acc5ts z 9 ,*ronicles1 & is sub/antially ! same ^w1--n1 z "h1 borr[$ f ! ,syriac1 to mean a s]p5t1 b us$ to mean ! adjudg$1 condemn$ to "s condition or degradation4 8,& !y remov$ !m to ,manaha?40 ,manaha? 0 a di/rict ( c\ntry ne> ! ,dead ,sea1 ne> ! anci5t city ,zo>2 & x is a little rem>kable t ,zo> 0 by ! ,canaanites call$ ,bela1 ! v "n ( ! son ( ,b5jam94 ,! :ole c\ntry 0 call$ by ! g5]al t]m ,moab4 ,! fact t x 0 a cu/om to s5d p]sons ( a c]ta9 description !re1 seems to be allud$ to by ! prophet3 8,let m9e outca/s dwell ) !e1 ,o ,moab60 ,isa4 xvi4 #d4 ,b1 :o 7 s5t !re8 8,naaman1 ,ahia1 & ,g]a1 he remov$ !m4 99 99 99 ,& ,%ah>aim begat *ildr5 9 ! l& ( ,moab aft] he _h s5t !m away40 ,?is expla9s ! :ole matt]4 ,%ah>aim is a plural =mation ( ,%ihor1 & means black4 8,& ^! blacks begat *ildr5 9 ! l& ( ,moab aft] he _h s5t !m away10--t is1 ,naaman1 ,ahia1 & ,g]a2 fur!r e/abli%+ ! fact t ! ^w ,naamah is kept 9 remembrance only by ! desc5dants ( ,ham4 ,"o class ( ! race ( ,b5jam9 is describ$ 9 ,g5esis z ,memphites2 9 fact1 t :ole g5ealogy sub/antially divides !m into ^? :o 7 :ite1 & ( pure desc5t1 & into ^? :o 7 n :ite1 & ( impure desc5t4 ,numb]s & ,*ronicles confirm & w>rant ! same di/9ction4 ,! sev5? ,psalm comm5ces ?us3--8,%iggaion ( ,david1 :i* he sang unto ! ,"l1 conc]n+ ! words ( ,cu%1 ! ,b5jamite40 ,x w\ld h be5 m readily und]/ood1 & m decid$ly a translation ?us3 ,a song ( lam5tation ( ,david1 :i* he sang unto ! ,"l1 conc]n+ ! words ( an ,e?iopian1 a ,b5jamite4 ,! ^w 8,cu%10 z (t5 else:]e1 is "h us$ to designate a desc5dant ( ,ham by 8 col\r4 ,b x cle>ly proves an amalgamation1 to "s ext5t1 ( ! race ( ,ham1 9 ! family ( ,b5jam94 ,inde$1 ! race ( ,b5jam9 _h become deeply int]mix$ ) ! desc5dants ( ,ham2 & ?is fact well acc\nts :y !y did1 ^u an occasion1 behave l z ! ,sodomites to ,lot2 & :y ! o!r tribes ( ,israel s readily jo9$ 9 league to utt]ly de/roy & annihilate ?is tribe1 & did put to dea? fifty ?\s& w>riors 9 "o day1 & e man1 woman1 & *ild ( ! :ole tribe1 except a few hundr$ m51 :o hid 9 ! rock ,rimmon4 ,see ,judges xix4 xx4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xi4 ,x rema9s n[ to exam9e :at pro( !re exi/s t ! desc5dants ( ,ham 7 black4 ,we wi% to impress ^u ! m9d ! fact1 t among all aborig9al nations1 & 9 all primitive languages1 prop] names are always significant t]ms4 ,su* is ! fact among ! ,indian tongues ( ,am]ica at ?is day4 ,! holy books give ample pro( t su* 0 em95tly ! case among ! anci5t ,hebrews4 ,e "n t ,adam be/[$ 0 ! consequ5ce ( "s cause t op]at$ on 8 m9d4 ,& if we exam9e m9utely into ! influ5ces op]at+ ev5 among ourselves1 9 su* cases1 we %all be unable to d5y t su* is ! univ]sal law4 ,!re is a cause = e ?+4 8,& ! sons ( ,ham 777 ,cu% & ,misraim1 & ,phut & ,canaan40 ,g54 x4 #f4 ,x w n be d5i$ t ! ^w ,e?iopian1 z us$ 9 ,scripture1 means a black man4 8,c ! ,e?iopian *ange 8 sk91 or ! leop>d 8 spots40 ,j]4 xiii4 #bc4 ,! ^w 8,e?iopian10 9 ?is passage f ,j]emiah1 is translat$ f ,cu%i1 ! v "n ( ! olde/ son ( ,ham4 ,& we %all f9d 9 e in/ance :]e 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t ! ^w ,e?iopia or ,e?iopian is us$1 t x is translat$ f ! same ^w1 v>i$ 9 t]m9ation accord+ to ! position 9 :i* x is us$1 & z appli$ to c\ntry or p4 8,are ye n z ! *ildr5 ( ! ,e?iopians 7 ,cu%iim7 unto me80 ,amos ix4 #g4 ,x became & 0 us$ z a g5]al t]m1 by :i* all desc5dants ( ,ham 7 designat$ by _! col\r1 9 ! same mann] z we n[ use ! ,lat9 ^w negro to designate ! same ?+4 8,& ,miriam & ,a>on spake aga9/ ,moses because ( ! ,e?iopian woman :om he _h m>ri$3 = he _h m>ri$ an ,e?iopian woman40 ,num4 xii4 #a4 ,& we deem ^! facts alone suffici5t to e/abli% ! tru? ( ! proposition t t bran* ( ,ham's family 7 black4 ,9 ! exam9ation ( :at evid5ce may n[ be f\nd t ! family ( ,misraim 7 black1 we beg to notice a fact :i* we suppose no s*ol> w dispute--t he settl$ 9 ,egypt1 &1 9 fact1 gave 8 "n to t c\ntry4 ,z ,cu% gave 8 "n to all ,e?iopia & its inhabitants1 z ,canaan gave 8 "n to ! l& ( ,canaan1 & ,canaanites to its inhabitants1 s ,misraim gave 8 "n to ,egypt & its inhabitants4 ,:5ev] we f9d ! ^w ,egypt or ,egyptian 9 our ,engli% v]sion1 we nev] fail to f9d ,mitsraim 9 ! ,hebrew text4 ,8 desc5dants took ^u !m ! p>ticul> appellation ,misraimites1 z 9 ,g54 xvi4 #a3 8,& %e _h a h&maid1 7 %iphehhah1 a female slave17 an ,egyptian1 7 ,mitsri? a desc5dant ( ,misraim17 ^: "n 0 ,hag>40 ,%e 0 a ,misraim1 a desc5dant f ! second son ( ,ham4 ,! ^w is translat$ 8,egyptian40 ,a family feud gr[+ up ^u ! occasion ( h] hav+ a son by h] ma/] ,abraham1 %e & h] son 7 s5t away to ! wild]ness ( ,p>an2 :]e1 :5 ! son 0 gr[n1 %e took him a wife ( h] own race1 f ! l& ( ,egypt4 ,see ,g54 xxi4 #ba4 ,! desc5dants ( ,i%mael1 !re=e1 7 ?ree-f\r?s ( ,misraimiti% blood1 & are kn[n & di/+ui%$ z ( 8 race1 by ! p>ticul> "n ( ,i%maelites4 ,midian 0 a di/rict ( c\ntry ly+ ne> to & includ+ ,m\nt ,s9ai4 ,! p1 9 ref]5ce to ! c\ntry1 7 call$ ,midianites1 b )\t any ref]5ce to _! desc5t or race4 ,f ! position ( ! di/rict ( c\ntry call$ ,midian1 x w\ld be reasonable to suppose ! inhabitants 9 aft] times to be desc5d$ f ,i%mael2 & 9 fact1 :5ev] we f9d any allusion made to ! :ole c\ntry ( ! ,i%maelites1 we %all f9d x to include ,midian4 ,b x may be prop] to rem>k1 t f a notable m\nta9 call$ ,gilead1 situat$ 9 ?is region1 ! :ole c\ntry 0 sometimes call$ by t "n1 & "o ( ! cities 9 x also call$ ,gilead4 ,we are all acqua9t$ ) t mo/ beautiful & pa!tic hi/ory ( ,joseph2 b let u read a passage--& we pray y to notice ) di/9ctness ! language3 8,& !y lift$ up _! eyes & look$1 & behold a company ( ,i%maelites came f ,gilead1 ) _! camels be>+ spic]y & balm & myrrh1 go+ to c>ry x d[n to ,egypt4 99 99 99 ,& ,judah said1 99 99 99 ,come1 let u sell him to ! ,i%maelites1 & let n our h& be ^u him4 99 99 99 ,& 8 bre?r5 7 cont5t4 ,!n !re pass$ by ,midianites1 m]*antm51 & !y drew & lift$ up ,joseph out ( ! pit1 & sold ,joseph to ! ,i%maelites2 & ! ,midianites sold him into ,egypt unto ,potiph>4 ,& ,joseph 0 br\ght d[n to ,egypt1 & ,potiph>1 an (fic] ( ,ph>aoh1 capta9 ( ! gu>d1 an ,egyptian1 b\ght him ( ! h&s ( ! ,i%maelites :i* _h br\ght him d[n ?i!r40 ,g54 xxxvii4 #be-cf1 & xxxix4 #a4 ,is x n positive & cle> t ! ,i%maelites & ! ,midianites 7 "o & ! same p8 ,b aga91 !re 01 dur+ ! days ( ! judges1 a de/ructive w> betwe5 ! ,israelites & ! ,midianites4 8,& ! ,midianites & ! ,amalekites1 & all ! *ildr5 ( ! ea/1 lay along 9 ! valley1 l gras%opp]s = multitude4 99 99 99 ,& :5 ,gideon 0 come1 behold1 !re 0 a man t told a dream4 99 99 99 ,& :5 ,zeba & ,zalmunna fl$1 he pursu$ aft] !m1 & took ! two k+s ( ,midian1 ,zeba & ,zalmunna1 & discomfit$ all ! ho/4 8,& ,gideon ! son ( ,joa% return$ f ! battle be=e ! sun 0 up4 99 99 99 ,!n ! m5 ( ,israel said unto ,gideon1 ,rule ?\ ov] u1 bo? ?\ & ?y son1 & ?y son's son also1 = ?\ ha/ deliv]$ u f ! h& ( ,midian4 ,& ,gideon said unto !m1 ,i w\ld desire a reque/ ( y1 t y w\ld give me e man ! e>-r+s ( 8 prey4 7,= !y _h gold5 e>-r+s1 because !y 7 ,i%maelites470 ,see ,judg4 vii4 #ab-ad1 also viii4 #ab-bd4 ,"h !n is ano!r in/ance :]e ! ,midianites & ! ,i%maelites are ann\nc$ to be ! same p4 8,at ! m\? ( two witnesses %all ! matt] be e/abli%$40 ,see ,deut4 xix4 #ae2 also #b ,cor4 xiii4 #a4 8,n[ ,moses kept ! flock ( ,je?ro 8 fa!r-9-law1 ! prie/ ( ,midian40 ,exod4 iii4 #a4 8,:5 ,je?ro1 ! prie/ ( ,midian1 ,moses' fa!r-9-law1 he>d ( all t ,god _h done = ,moses1 & = ,israel 8 p1 & t ! ,"l _h br\ght ,israel out ( ,egypt1 !n ,je?ro1 ,moses' fa!r-9-law1 took ,zipporah1 ,moses' wife1 7aft] he _h s5t h] back17 & h] two sons40 ,exod4 xviii4 #a1 #b1 #c4 8,& ,miriam & ,a>on spake aga9/ ,moses1 because ( ! ,e?iopian woman :om he _h m>ri$1 = he _h m>ri$ an ,e?iopian woman40 ,num4 xii4 #a4 ,ev5 9 ! poetic /ra9 ( ! prophet1 !re is a ve/ige t goes to prove ! sam5ess betwe5 ! ,midianites & ! ,e?iopians4 8,i saw ! t5ts ( ,cu%an 7 ,e?iopians7 9 affliction1 & ! curta9s ( ! l& ( ,midian did tremble40 ,hab4 iii4 #g4 ,are ^! facts no pro( t ! desc5dants ( ,misraim 7 black8 99 99 99 99 99 ,let u !n proce$ to ! same inquiry conc]n+ ! desc5dants ( ,phut4 ,9 ! ,antiquities ( ,josephus1 book i4 #f1 we f9d ! foll[+3 8,! *ildr5 ( ,ham possess$ ! l& f ,syria & ,amanus & ! m\nta9s ( ,lybanus2 seiz+ ^u all t 0 ^u ! seacoa/s & z f> z ! ocean1 & keep+ x z _! own4 ,"s1 inde$1 ( its names are utt]ly vani%$ away2 o!rs ( !m be+ *ang$1 & ano!r s\nd giv51 h>dly to be discov]$2 yet a few !re are1 :i* kept _! d5om9ations entire4 ,= ( ! f\r sons ( ,ham1 "t has n at all hurt ! "n ( ,*us2 = ! ,e?iopians1 ov] :om he reign$1 are ev5 at ?is day1 bo? by !mselves & by all m5 ( ,asia1 call$ ,*usites40 8,! memory also ( ! ,mesraites is pres]v$ 9 _! "n1 = we :o inhabit ?is c\ntry 7,judea7 call ,egypt ,me/ra1 & ! ,egyptians ,me/reans4 ,phut also 0 ! f\nd] ( ,lybia1 & call$ ! inhabitants ,phutites1 f himself4 ,!re is also a riv] 9 ! c\ntry ( ! ,moors :i* be>s t "n1 :5ce x is t we may see ! greate/ "p ( ! ,grecian hi/oriograph]s m5tion t riv]1 & ! adjo9+ c\ntry1 by ! appellation ( ,phut4 ,b ! "n x has n[ has be5 by *ange giv5 x f "o ( ! sons ( ,me/raim1 :o 0 call$ ,lybios40 ,8 "n1 9 ! ,engli% v]sion ( ,g5esis1 is ,ludim4 ,f him ! ,lybian des]t has tak5 its "n1 & ! c\ntry n[ call$ ,lybia4 ,?us we discov] f ,josephus t ! memorials ( ! nephew _h oblit]at$ ^? ( ,phut1 8 uncle4 ,z ,phut 0 ! f\nd] ( ,lybia1 :i* 0 at "o "t call$ by 8 "n1 x may be well to inquire z to ! ext5t ( t region1 t we may "k :]e ! desc5dants ( ,phut h resid$ f ! "t ( _! prog5itor till n[4 ,9 ord] to =m a tol]ably correct idea ( :at 0 ! c\ntry once call$ ,phut1 we h to exam9e h[ f> ! son ( ,misraim ext5d$ 8 "n 9 sup]s$+ him4 ,we quote f ! ,melpom5e ( ,h]odotus1 :]e he comp>es ! ext5t ( ,lybia1 ,asia1 & ,europe4 ,conc]n+ ,lybia1 he says-- 8,except 9 t p>ticul> "p :i* is contigu\s to ,asia1 ! :ole ( ,lybia is surr\nd$ by ! sea4 ,! fir/ p]son :o has prov$ ?is 01 z f> z we are able to judge1 ,ne*o1 k+ ( ,egypt3 :5 he _h desi/$ f 8 attempt to jo91 by a canal1 ! ,nile ) ! ,arabian ,gulf1 he despat*$ "s vessels1 "u ! conduct ( ,phnicians1 ) directions to pass ! columns ( ,h]cules1 &1 aft] p5etrat+ ! ,nor!rn ,ocean1 to return to ,egypt4 8,^! ,phnicians1 tak+ _! c\rse f ! ,r$ ,sea1 ent]$ into ! ,s\!rn ,ocean4 ,on ! approa* ( autumn !y l&$ 9 ,lybia1 & plant$ "s corn 9 ! place :]e !y happ5$ to f9d !mselves4 ,:5 ?is 0 ripe1 & !y _h cut x d[n1 !y aga9 dep>t$4 8,hav+ ?us consum$ two ye>s1 !y 9 ! ?ird d\bl$ ! columns ( ,h]cules & return$ to ,egypt4 ,_! relation may obta9 att5tion f o!rs1 b to me x seems incr$ible2 = !y affirm t1 hav+ sail$ r\nd ,lybia1 !y _h ! sun on _! "r h&4 ,?us 0 ,lybia = ! fir/ "t kn[n40 ,hanno1 a ,c>?ag9ian1 0 s5t1 ab\t #fjj ye>s be=e our era1 ) #cj1jjj ( 8 c\ntrym51 to f\nd colonies on :at is n[ ! we/]n coa/ ( ,africa4 ,8 acc\nt comm5ces--8,! voyage ( ,hanno1 comm&] ( ! ,c>?ag9ians1 r\nd ! p>ts ( ,lybia1 :i* lie beyond ! pill>s ( ,h]cules40 ,9 ! body ( ! "w he says--8,:5 we _h pass$ ! pill>s on our voyage1 & sail$ beyond !m two days1 we f\nd$ ! fir/ city1 :i* we nam$ ,?urmiat]ium4 ,bel[ x lay an ext5sive pla94 ,proce$+ !nce t[>ds ! we/1 we came to ,sol\s1 a promontory ( ,lybia40 ,hav+ proce$$ on ) 8 voyage1 he says--8,we came to ! great ,lixus1 :i* fl[s f ,lybia2 on its banks ! ,lixit1 a %eph]d tribe1 7 fe$+ _! flocks1 among :om we cont9u$ sev]al days1 on fri5dly t]ms4 ,beyond ! ,lixit dwell ! inhospitable ,e?iopians40 ,h]odotus1 imm$iately prec$+ our quotation ( him1 says--8,lybia comm5ces :]e ,egypt ends2 ab\t ,egypt ! c\ntry is n>r[2 "o hundr$ ?\s& orgi1 or "o ?\s& /adia1 compreh5d ! space betwe5 ?is & ! ,r$ ,sea4 ,"h ! c\ntry exp&s & takes ! "n ( ,lybia40 ,africa1 to an indef9ite ext5t1 0 ! c\ntry ( ,phut4 ,! result ( ! inquiry ?us f> is1 t ! tribes ( ,phut amalgamat$ ) ! desc5dants ( ,misraim1 until all family memorials ( !m became ext9ct4 ,b let u exam9e :at memorials ( ,phut are to be f\nd 9 ! holy books4 8,e?iopia & ,egypt 7 ?y /r5g?1 ,put & ,lubim 7 ?y help]s40 ,nahum iii4 #i4 ,put is ! same ,phut2 9 ! text ! lett] is daghe%$1 :i* takes away ! aspirate s\nd4 ,we "h notice t ,put & ,lubim are associat$ toge!r4 8,!y ( ,p]sia1 & ( ,lud1 & ( ,phut1 7 9 ?9e army1 ?y m5 ( w>40 ,ezek4 xxvii4 #aj4 8,p]sia1 ,e?iopia1 & ,lybia ) !m3 all ( !m ) %ield & helmet40 ,ezek4 xxxviii4 #e4 ,9 ?is in/ance ! ^w ,lybia is translat$ f ,phut4 ,we take ?is z pro( t ! c\ntry ( ! son ( ,misraim & ,phut 0 ! same1 & ! two families amalgamat$4 8,come up1 ye horses1 & rage1 ye *>iots3 & let ! mighty m5 come =?1 ! ,e?iopians & ! ,lybians t h&le ! %ield40 ,j]4 xlvi4 #i4 ,lybians is also "h translat$ f ,phut4 8,7 n ! ,e?iopians & ! ,lubims a huge ho/80 #b ,*ron4 xvi4 #h4 ,!re ,phut is lo/ 9 t ( ,lubim1 z acc\nt$ = by ,josephus4 ,! families 7 :olly amalgamat$1 ! nephew c>ry+ (f ! trophy ( remembrance4 ,! pro( t ! family ( ,phut 7 black is r inf]5tial ?an positive2 b c ! m9d fail to det]m9e t x is c]ta98 ,b aga91 ,phut1 z an appellative1 signifies scatt]$4 ,?us ,num4 x4 #cj4 8,let ?9e enemies be scatt]$10 7 phutsu47 ,9 ,g5esis x4 #ah1 x is us$ ) ! same ,heemanti1 & ) ! same effect1 :i* we h notic$ 9 ! ^w ,naamah1 ?us3 8,& aft]w>ds 7 ! families ( ! ,canaanites spread abroad10 naphotsu4 ,! idea is1 by ! influ5ce ( ! circum/ances att5d+ !m1 !y 7 scatt]$4 ,! condition is involunt>y1 ! action impli$ is reflective4 ,a simil> use ( ! ^w occurs 9 #b ,samuel xviii4 #h3 8,! battle 0 scatt]$10 naphotse?2 t is1 x 0 scatt]$ only z x 0 =c$ to be by ! circum/ances att5d+ x4 ,! di/9ctive appellation ?us ( ! family ( ,phut1 means a scatt]$ p4 ,! phonetic synonyme ( ,phut means scatt]$1 9 all ! ,%emitic tongues4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?us 9 ,arabic1 phats1 & its v>iations1 put d[n1 abiit1 p]egr9atus fuit 9 t]ra1 c4 ,9 ,coptic1 fet phet has ! same mean+2 b 9 ! hi]oglyphical writ+s ( ! ,copts1 f\nd 9 ,egypt1 ! idea scatt]$ is repres5t$ by an arr[4 ,b an arr[ is call$ phet1 because x is %ot away1 scatt]$4 ,& ! c\ntry or p ( ! ,phutites is repres5t$ by a b[1 segm5t ( a globe1 n9e arr[s1 & an undulat+ surface4 ,^? :o h made rese>*es 9 su* matt]s say1 ! phonetic p[] ( ?is is nephaiat4 ,x w be p]ceiv$ to be q analog\s to ! ,heemanti prefix$ to ! root4 ,! p :o h be5 compell$ to be exce$+ly scatt]$4 ,:5 ,jona?an wi%$ 9 an emphatic mann] to signify to 8 fri5d ,david t he %\ld dep>t1 g (f f 8 family1 c41 he %ot an arr[ beyond him4 ,0 n ! arr[ emblematical ( :at 0 suppos$ 8 only safe condition8 ,^! explanations z to ! significance ( ! ^w ,phut w enable u bett] to und]/& ,zephaniah iii4 #aj4 8,f beyond ! riv]s ( ,e?iopia1 my suppliants1 ev5 ! daught] ( my disp]s$1 7 ba? ,putsa1 ! desc5dants ( ,phut17 %all br+ m9e (f]+40 ,unkn[n & scatt]$ z !y are ov] ! trackless wa/es ( ,africa1 yet ev5 to !m %all come ! k ( ! true ,god4 ,!y %all1 at "o day1 come to ! k ( ! tru?4 ,! hi]oglyphical record relat+ to ! ,phutites is consid]$1 by ^? v]s$ 9 su* matt]s1 to po9t to a p]iod ( at lea/ #bjjj ye>s ant]ior to our era4 ,! inf]5ce1 to our m9d1 is cle>1 t ! family ( ,phut at an exce$+ly anci5t p]iod 0 :olly absorb$ & lo/ sight ( among ! o!r families ( ,ham1 especially 9 t ( ,ludim1 ! olde/ son ( ,mitsraim3 t !y 7 ( ! same col\r & o!r family di/9ctions1 unless x may be !y diff]$ 9 a deep] degradation3 t = numb]less ages ! mass ( ! desc5t are alone to be f\nd 9 ! mo/ b>b>\s portions ( ,africa4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xii4 ,9 ! inquiry1 ,:at evid5ce h we t ! ,canaanites 7 black8 we may f9d x necess>y to ref] to v>i\s facts :i* h come d[n to u1 connect+ _! hi/ory ) t ( ! ,israeliti% p4 ,p]haps no fact c\ld be bett] e/abli%$ ?an t ,abraham liv$ on ! mo/ fri5dly t]ms ) ! ,canaanites4 ,he 0 a conf$]ate ) _! k+s4 ,:5 !y lo/ a battle1 he retriev$ x4 ,!y treat$ him ) ! utmo/ reg>d1 & he !m ) a g5]\s lib]ality4 ,c\ld he n h w$d$ 8 son among !m1 to :om he *ose8 8,& ,abraham said unto ! elde/ s]vant ( 8 h\se1 t rul$ ov] all t he _h1 ,put1 ,i pray !e1 ?y h& "u my ?igh3 & ,i w make !e swe> by ! ,"l1 ! ,god ( heav51 & ! ,god ( ! e>?1 t ?\ %alt n take a wife unto my son ( ! daught]s ( ! ,canaanites among :om ,i dwell40 ,g54 xxiv4 #b1 #c4 ,"u ! circum/ances ( ! case1 :at c\ld h influ5c$ su* a det]m9ation8 8,& ,rebecca said unto ,isaac1 ,i am we>y ( my life1 because ( ! daught]s ( ,he?3 if ,jacob take a wife ( ! daught]s ( ,he?1 su* z ^? :i* are ! daught]s ( ! l&1 :at good %all my life d me8 ,& ,isaac call$ ,jacob1 & bless$ him1 & *>g$ him1 ,?\ %alt n take a wife ( ! daught]s ( ,canaan40 ,g54 xxvii4 #df1 xxviii4 #a4 ,on :at rational gr\nd are we to acc\nt = ?is extraord9>y repugnance8 ,! conduct ( ! sons ( ,jacob does n det]m9e !m to h be5 v s9c]ely religi\s4 ,! s\l ( ,%e*em1 a pr9ce ( ! c\ntry1 clave unto ,d9ah _! si/]2 he 0 ri*1 & (f]$ ev] s mu* d[ry = an hon\rable m>riage ) h]2 & to %[ 8 s9c]ity1 ev5 ab&on$ 8 old1 & adopt$ _! religion4 ,!re mu/ h be5 "s o!r deep & unalt]able cause = _! un*angeable av]sion to t propos$ m>riage ( _! si/]4 8,:5 ! ,"l ?y ,god %all br+ !e into ! l& :i!r ?\ goe/ to possess x1 & ha? ca/ out _m nations be=e !e1 ! ,hittites1 & ! ,girga%ites1 & ! ,amorites1 & ! ,canaanites1 & ! ,p]izzites1 & ! ,hivites1 & ! ,jebusites1 sev5 nations great] & mighti] ?an ?\2 8,& :5 ! ,"l ?y ,god %all deliv] !m be=e !e1 ?\ %alt smite !m & utt]ly de/roy !m2 ?\ %alt make no cov5ant ) !m1 nor %[ m]cy unto !m3 8,nei!r %alt ?\ make m>riages ) !m2 ?y daught] ?\ %alt n give unto 8 son1 nor 8 daught] %alt ?\ take unto ?y son40 ,deut4 vii4 #a1 #b1 #c4 ,! laws ( ,god are always pr$icat$ ^u "s suffici5t cause3 9 su* cases we may ev] notice a t5d5cy t[>ds ! prev5tion ( det]ioration4 8,:osoev] lie? ) a bea/ %all surely be put to dea?40 ,ex4 xxii4 #ai4 ,! t]ms ,japhet1 ,laban1 ,hor1 & _! d]ivatives 9 significancy ev] include ! idea :ite1 ( a light col\r4 ,^! t]ms are appli$ among ! desc5dants ( ,japhe? & ,%em1 z ! appellatives ( _! races & individual names1 & z adjectives 9 description ( _! p]sonal appe>ance1 too frequ5tly to p]mit a d\bt ( ^! families belong+ to ! :ite race4 ,!re is b a s+le case 9 all ! holy books1 :]e any ( ^! t]ms is appli$ to a p]son ( col\r1 & :i* we tru/ we h expla9$2 & if our view be correct1 h[ came ! poet to require its use !re1 unless to elevate ! "* he celebrates6 ,d we use any t]m to signify t a p]son is :ite 9 a c\ntry :]e !re are none b :ite p8 ,:atev] evid5ce !n !re may be t ! families ( ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob 7 :ite p1 is also j z positive te/imony t ! ,canaanites 7 black4 ,see ,g54 xxvi4 #cd1 #ce4 ,b 9 ,judges i4 #af1 we f9d t ! family ( ! race ( ,i%mael out ( :i* ,moses took 8 wife are d5om9at$ ,k5ites4 ,we ?9k t we h abundantly prov$ t !y 7 black4 ,f ?is connection ( ,moses1 ! ,israelites seem to h felt "s reg>d = t race4 ,n[ x appe>s t "s ( t desc5t 7 aft]w>ds resid+ 9 ! cities ( ,amalek2 = we f9d 9 #a ,samuel xv4 #f1 t 8,saul said unto ! ,k5ites1 ,g1 dep>t1 get ye d[n f among ! ,amalekites1 le/ ,i de/roy y ) !m1 = ye %[$ k9dness to all ! *ildr5 ( ,israel :5 !y came out ( ,egypt4 ,s ! ,k5ites dep>t$40 ,h[ %\ld x be a fact1 s9ce !y 7 black1 t he c\ld n di/+ui% !m f ! ,amalekites1 unless ! ,amalekites 7 black also8 ,! ,amalekites 7 ,canaanites1 not)/&+ !y claim$ ,esau 9 _! ance/ry4 8,esau took 8 wives ( ! daught]s ( ,canaan4 ,adah ! daught] ( ,ebon ! ,hittite2 99 99 99 & ,adah bore to ,esau1 ,eliphaz2 99 99 99 & ,timna 0 concub9e to ,eliphaz1 ,esau's son2 & %e bore to ,eliphaz1 ,amalek40 ,g54 xxxvi4 #b1 #d1 #ab4 ,! ,amalekites 7 "o ( ^? tribes1 t ! ,israelites 7 p>ticul>ly comm&$ to de/roy f (f ! e>?2 & 9 !m1 he :o amalgamates ) ! daught]s ( ,ham may see 8 own prospect z to po/]ity4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xiii4 ,!re are circum/ances 9 evid5ce t ! desc5dants ( ,ham 7 black1 m prop]ly ref]able to ! :ole family ?an to ei!r p>ticul> bran*4 ,among ?is class ( circum/ances1 we might m5tion ! tradition s univ]sal ?r\gh ! _w1 t we "k no age ( "t or portion ( ! globe t c be nam$ 9 exception1 t ! desc5dants ( ,ham 7 black2 & t ! fact ann\nc$ by t tradition is made exce$+ly m probable by ! correspond+ tradition1 t ! desc5dants ( ,japhe? & ,%em 7 :ite4 ,! holy books provide pro( t ,abraham & ,s>ah1 ,isaac & ,rebecca1 ,jacob1 ,leah1 & ,ra*el1 7 :ite4 ,_! desc5dants soj\rn$ 9 ,egypt 9 a /ate ( bondage ab\t f\r hundr$ ye>s1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* "t !re 0 a law t all ! male ,hebrew *ildr5 %\ld be put to dea? at _! bir?4 ,:5 ! "m ( ,moses put him 9 ! ark ( bulru%es1 %e w\ld h disguis$ 8 bir? z mu* z possible1 = ! safety ( 8 life4 ,yet no soon] _h ! daught] ( ,ph>aoh beheld ! infant ?an %e proclaim$ x to be a ,hebrew *ild4 ,if !re 0 no diff]5ce ( col\r1 f :5ce ?is quick decision z to ! nationality ( an infant ?ree mon?s old8 ,b dur+ ! resid5ce ( ! ,israelites 9 ,egypt1 x is to be appreh5d$ !re 0 m or less commixture betwe5 ! two races2 &1 if ! two races 7 ( diff]5t col\r1 t !re w\ld h be5 left u "s allusion to su* (fspr+2 & s we f9d ! fact4 8,& ! *ildr5 ( ,israel j\rney$ f ,rameses to ,succo?1 ab\t six hundr$ ?\s& on foot1 t 7 m51 besides *ildr54 ,& a mix$ multitude w5t up also ) !m40 ,exod4 xii4 #cg1 #ch4 ,! ^w 8mix$0 is translat$ f ereb1 arab4 ,! ^w means ( mix$-blood1 t is1 ! mixture ( ! :ite man ) ! black2 & 9 consequ5ce !re( is (t5 us$ to mean black itself1 & is univ]sally appli$ z ! appellative1 & has become ! e/abli%$ "n ( ! mix$-blood$ p ( ,arabia1 ! ,arabs2 & because x became a common t]m to express ! idea black1 a d>k col\r1 c41 x 0 appli$ to ! rav52 & ev5 at ?is day1 :o c tell :e!r ,elijah 0 f$ by ! rav5s or ! ,arabs1 because ! "o ^w 0 us$ to mean bo? or ei!r4 ,& a multitude ( p]sons ( col\r1 ( ,hebrew & black p>5tage1 w5t up also ) !m4 ,?is ^w is us$ to express ! idea ( a mulatto race1 9 ,num4 xi4 #d1 & ! 8mix$ multitude20 also ,neh4 xiii4 #c1 8,!y sep>at$ f ,israel all ! mix$ multitude20 also ,j]4 xxv4 #bj1 #bd1 ?us3 8,& all ! m+l$ p10 mix$-blood$1 8& all ! k+s ( ,arabia1 & all ! k+s ( ! m+l$ p10 mix$-blood$ p4 ,by ! expression mix$ multitude1 x is cle> ,moses includ$ ! (fspr+ ( ! ,hebrew ) ! race ( ,ham4 ,b w\ld !re h be5 su* di/9ction if !re 0 no diff]5ce ( col\r8 ,x w be recollect$ t ! *ildr5 ( ,i%mael 7 ?ree-f\r?s ( ,misraimiti% blood1 consequ5tly q d>k4 ,x w also be recollect$ t :5 ,esau p]ceiv$ h[ extremely (f5sive to 8 fa!r & "m 0 8 connection ) ! ,canaaniti% wom51 t he took wives ( ! h\se ( ,i%mael4 ,x %\ld also be recollect$ t ,i%mael nam$ "o ( 8 sons ,k$>4 ,z we %all h]eaft] ref] to ?is ^w1 we propose to exam9e its mean+ & =mation4 ,x is ( ,arabic d]ivation1 ,arab4 1 ,hebrew d>1 & 9 ?is =m is us$ ,e/h4 i4 #f1 & translat$ black m>ble4 ,) ! prefix ( ! ,hebrew koph x becomes ,k$>1 & is equival5t to 8! black40 ,x is us$ 9 ,hebrew to mean black1 9 #a ,k+s xviii4 #de2 ,job vi4 #af1 #cj1 #bh2 ,isa lx4 #c2 ,j]4 iv4 #bh2 ,ezek4 xxxii4 #g1 #h1 & _m o!r places4 ,! v "n ( ! son ( ,i%mael 0 tantam\nt to 8! black40 ,9 ! poem call$ ,solomon's ,song1 ! female ^: praises are !re9 celebrat$1 says1 8,i am black1 b comely1 ,o ye daught]s ( ,j]usalem1 z ! t5ts ( ,k$>1 z ! curta9s ( ,solomon4 ,look n ^u me because ,i am black2 because ! sun ha? look$ ^u me3 my "m's *ildr5 7 angry ) me1 !y made me ! keep] ( ! v9ey>ds1 b m9e own v9ey>ds h ,i n kept40 ,cant4 i4 #e1 #f4 ,! ^w black1 :i* twice occurr$ 9 ! text1 is translat$ f %ah>1 ) _m v>iations4 ,! words mean ab/ractly ! idea black4 ,examples ( its use w be f\nd 9 ,lev4 xiii4 #ca1 #cg1 ?us3 8,& !re is no black hair 9 x40 8,& !re is black hair gr[n up !re940 ,job xxx4 #cj3 8,my sk9 is black ^u me40 ,ze*4 vi4 #b1 #f3 8,& 9 ! second *>iots black horses4 ,! black horses t are !re940 ,lam4 iv4 #h3 8,_! visage is black] ?an a coal40 ,cant4 v4 #aa3 8,8 locks are bu%y & black z a rav540 ,!re is no mi/ake ab\t ! mean+ ( ?is ^w2 %e 0 surely black1 & %e says t %e is z black z ! t5ts ( ,k$>4 ,! inquiry1 !n1 n[ is1 :o 0 %e8 ,:5 we take into consid]ation ! ,asiatic mode ( expression1 f ! t]m 8because ! sun ha? look$ ^u me10 we are =c$ to und]/& t %e 0 f a m s\!rn region4 ,t %e 0 n a native ( ,pale/9e1 or especially ( ,j]usalem4 ,figures ( some:at analog\s import are occasionally f\nd among ! ,roman poets4 ,b we suppose1 no "o w und]take ! argum5t t %e 0 black1 m]ely because %e _h be5 expos$ to ! sun6 ,9 vii4 #a ( ! ,hebrew text1 %e is call$ ,%ulamite4 ,"s suppose ?is is a =mation ( ! ,g5tile t]m ,%unem1 because !y say ! lamda 0 sometimes introduc$4 ,9 t case x w\ld be ! synonyme ( ,%unamite1 & w\ld locate h] 9 ! tribe ( ,issac>4 ,b we see no necessity ( a =c$ con/ruction1 :5 a v easy & natural "o is m obvi\s4 ,we omit ! dage%4 ,%ulammi? is readily =m$ z ! fem99e ( ,%elomoh1 ,solomon1 aft] ! ,arabic =m ,suleiman1 &1 s us$1 w\ld be q analog\s to :at is n[ q common--to apply ! husb&'s "n z an appellative ( ! wife4 ,^u ! occasion ( h] consecration into ,solomon's h\sehold1 %e well might1 ev5 at t age1 be call$ by a t]m t w\ld imply su* consecration1 especially 9 ! poem celebrat+ h] nuptials4 ,& we may rem>k t ! use ( ?is ^w is 9 /rict con=mity to ! usage ( ! ,hebrew & ,arabic poets1 because x creates an impli$ p>onomasia1 d]iv$ f 1 signify+ t %e 0 a captive by h] love to ,solomon1 & if %e /ood 9 any su* relation to him politically1 ! beauty ( ! figure w\ld at t age h be5 consid]$ v greatly increas$4 ,! poets1 at t age ( "t1 9 compositions ( ! "* ( ?is poem1 appe> to h be5 ev] on ! se>* = an occasion to introduce figures ( ?is class2 & ! m fanciful & extreme1 ! m highly reli%$4 ,we fail !re=e to d]ive any k ( h] orig9 f ?is t]m4 ,we h dwelt ^u ?is p>ticul> ?us long1 m]ely because comm5tators h be5 s desir\s to f9d out a clue to ! hi/ory ( ! poem4 ,"s comm5tators ( elevat$ "*1 suppose ?is subject ( _! epi?alamium to h be5 ! daught] ( ,ph>aoh1 simply because %e 0 black1 & is address$3 8,o pr9ce's daught]60 ,und\bt$ly %e 0 ! daught] ( "s pr9ce or k+4 ,b ! "q n[1 is ( :at "o8 ,!re is no probability t ! k+s ( ,egypt1 nor ev5 ! nobility ( t k+dom1 _h be5 ( ! race ( ,ham = _m ages4 ,egypt _h be5 conqu]$ by ! ,%emites z e>ly z ! days ( ,abraham1 & !re is no pro( t ! desc5dants ( ,ham ev] aga9 asc5d$ ! ?rone2 al?\gh1 p]haps1 _! religion _h be5 adopt$ by _! successors f motives ( policy1 ! great mass ( ! population be+ ( ! old /ock4 ,9 fact1 ! mix$-blood$ races1 & inde$ ! ,%emites ( pure blood1 h1 f "t immemorial1 %[n a disposition to settle 9 ,egypt4 ,! ,p]sians & ! ,greeks h also1 = a v long "t1 aid$ 9 ! amalgamation ( ! ,egypt ( ! middle ages ( ! _w4 ,b %e is made to say t %e is 8! rose ( ,%>on20 z mu* z to say1 ! mo/ excell5t ( h] c\ntry4 ,?is di/rict ( c\ntry w be f\nd to embrace ! ,ammonites1 & p]haps "s o!r ( ! anci5t tribes ( ! family ( ,ham1 at t "t "u ! gov]nm5t ( ,solomon4 ,&1 iv4 #h1 we f9d ,%>on call$ by its ,ammoniti% "n1 amid a clu/] ( figures hav+ relation to ! locality & productions ( t c\ntry4 ,9 %ort1 ! :ole body ( ?is extraord9>y poem po9ts to ! region ( ! ,ammonites = h] native place ( abode4 ,n[1 s9ce ,solomon _h an ,ammonitess by ! "n ( ,naamah = a wife1 & s9ce he select$ h] son to succe$ him on ! ?rone1 x seems at lea/ q probable %e 0 ! p]son x commemorates2 & t fact w make q intelligible ! allusion to h] hav+ be5 elevat$ f a s]vile condition4 ,b1 nev]!less1 if x %all be ?\ght n suffici5tly prov$ t %e 0 ! "m ( ,rehoboam1 yet %e surely 0 ( "s "o ( ! ,canaaniti% or ,hamitic tribes1 & 0 z surely black2 & s f> is 9 direct pro( t ! desc5dants ( ,ham g5]ally 7 black also4 ,!re are incid5ts ( ?is poem :i* x w\ld seem _c be expla9$ on o!r gr\nd ?an t ?is m>riage 0 "o ( /ate policy on ! "p ( ,solomon2 & ! que5 ^u ?is occasion select$ 0 f "s "o ( ! hea!n nations ( ! desc5dants ( ,ham1 :om he _h subject$ to 8 gov]nm5t4 ,x w be recollect$ t ^! nations1 :om ! ,israelites _h fail$ to de/roy1 _h omitt$ no occasion to make w> on ! ,hebrews1 f ! "t ( ,jo%ua d[n to t ( ,david2 & t !y occasionally _h !m 9 subjection4 ,solomon _h no gu>antee h[ long 8 rule ov] !m w\ld prove quiet1 or h[ f> !y w\ld yield ob$i5ce to 8 successor4 ,:at c\ld induce him to m>ry an ,ammonite pr9cess1 & place h] son ^u 8 ?rone1 if n to effect ?is purpose8 ,ev5 at ! "t ( ! nuptials a ref]5ce to ?is political union might well f9d a place 9 ! songs to :i* x gave bir?4 ,we introduce "o ( ! incid5ts to :i* we allude3 we select ! close ( ! six? /ra94 ,?is poem is writt5 9 ! =m ( a dialogue1 mo/ly betwe5 ! bride & groom4 ,solomon4 ,return1 return1 ,o ,%ulamite2 return1 return1 t we may look ^u !e4 ,naamah4 ,:at w ye see 9 ! ,%ulamite8 ,solomon4 ,z x 7 ! company ( two armies4 ,?is surely ne$s no comm5t4 ,! poem _h already recit$ e m5tal & p]sonal quality2 0 x !n unnatural delicately to allude to h] political importance8 ,! art ( ! poet1 h[ev]1 to cov] ! allusion1 recomm5ces a view ( h] p]sonal *>ms1 *anges 8 ord]1 & comm5ces ) h] feet4 ,mu* le>n+ has come to _m unt5able conclusions conc]n+ ?is poem1 among :i*1 t ( ! ,t>gum may be plac$ 9 ! lead4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xiv4 ,we h h]et(ore notic$ h[1 9 #b ,*ron4 xvi4 #h1 ! "n ,phut is lo/ 9 t ( ,lubim1 z acc\nt$ = by ,josephus4 ,b x %\ld be recollect$ t ! prophet ,hanani mo/ di/9ctly ref]s to "o ( ! w>s betwe5 ! black tribes & ! ,jewi% p1 ( :i* !re _h be5 a long s]ies f ! exodus d[n4 ,we propose to adduce an argum5t f ! language us$ 9 ! description ( ^! w>s4 ,9 ! "t ( ,k+ ,asa1 ! invad+ army is describ$ ?us3 8,& !re came out aga9/ !m ,z]ah1 ! ,e?iopian1 ) a ho/ ( a ?\s& ?\s& & ?ree hundr$ *>iots4 ,& ,asa cri$ unto ! ,"l 8 ,god2 s ! ,"l smote ! ,e?iopians be=e ,asa1 & be=e ,judah1 & ! ,e?iopians fl$3 & ,asa1 & ! p t 7 ) him1 pursu$ !m unto ,g]>1 & ! ,e?iopians 7 ov]?r[n40 ,^! p ! prophet calls ,e?iopians & ,lubims4 ,?is t]m proves t _m ( !m 7 f ,lybia4 ,n[ is x to be presum$ t s va/ an army1 "o million ( m5 & ?ree hundr$ *>iots1 0 n compos$ ( all ! tribes betwe5 ! remote/ location ( any nam$ & ! place ( attack8 ,b ?is battle 0 comm5c$ 9 ! valley ( ,zepha?ah1 9 ,phili/ia1 & pursu$ to ,g]>1 a city ( ! same c\ntry4 8,& !y smote all ! cities r\nd ab\t ,g]>4 ,= ! fe> ( ! ,"l came ^u !m1 & !y spoil$ all ! cities1 = !re 0 exce$+ mu* spoil 9 !m4 ,!y smote all ! t5ts ( cattle1 & c>ri$ away %eep & camels 9 abundance1 & return$ to ,j]usalem40 ,see #b ,*ron4 xiv4 #ad1 #ae4 ,^! facts c\ld n h exi/$ _h n ! ,phili/9es compos$ a "p ( ! army4 ,yet !y are all ,e?iopians4 ,is ?is no evid5ce t ! tribes ( ,ham g5]ally 7 black8 ,b aga91 ) ! view to arrive at a great] c]ta9ty z to :at races did compose ^! armies1 we propose to exam9e t :i* invad$ ,j]usalem dur+ ! reign ( ,rehoboam4 8,& x came to pass :5 ,rehoboam _h e/abli%$ ! k+dom1 & _h /r5g!n$ himself1 he =sook ! law ( ! ,"l1 & all ,israel ) him2 & x came to pass 9 ! fif? ye> ( ,k+ ,rehoboam1 ,%i%ak1 k+ ( ,egypt1 came up aga9/ ,j]usalem1 because !y _h transgress$ aga9/ ! ,"l1 ) twelve hundr$ *>iots & ?reescore ?\s& horsem52 & ! p 7 )\t numb] t came ) him out ( ,egypt1 ! ,lubims1 ! ,sukkims1 & ! ,e?iopians2 & he took ! f5c$ cities1 :i* p]ta9 to ,judah1 & came to ,j]usalem40 #b ,*ron4 xii4 #a-aj4 8,& ! p 7 )\t numb] t came ) him out ( ,egypt1 ! ,lubims1 ! ,sukkims1 & ! ,e?iopians40 ,! ,hebrew con/ruction ( ! latt] clause ( ?is is ?us3 ,mim-mits-raim1 ,lubim1 ,sukkiyyim ve ,cu%im4 ,we sugge/ a slight error 9 ! translation ( ^! words4 ,! prefix mem prec$+ ,mitsraim1 we read a preposition1 out (1 f1 c41 influ5c+ & gov]n+ ! two foll[+ words also2 z1 f ,egypt1 f ,lybia1 f ,succo?4 ,x w be notic$ t ,cu%im is prec$$ by ! prefix vav4 ,gramm>ians h writt5 mu* ^u ?is p>ticle3 we _c ent] into an argum5t on ,hebrew gramm>1 b1 ) all ! le>n+ t has be5 exp5d$ on ?is p>ticle1 ! ,hebrew s*ol> mu/ f9d ! fact to be1 t x is sometimes us$ to designate a result2 & we take occasion "h to say t1 9 our op9ion1 ,pr(essor ,gibbs has giv5 a m def9ite & philosophical description ( ! ,hebrew use ( ?is p>ticle1 ?an any lexicograph] ( mod]n rese>*4 ,suppose an anci5t ,hebrew physician wi%$ to tea* t c]ta9 diseases 7 incurable1 t !y end$ 9 dea?1 might he n h said1 mi% %ahhephe? kaddahha? ani% vemu?1--f consumption1 burn+ fev]1 ! mortal sickness1 t]m9ation is dea?8 ,or1 all[ our ,hebrew n to be s classical1 c\ld he n h express$ ! idea aft] ?is =m8 8,! army 0 )\t numb]1 f ,egypt1 f ,lybia1 f ! ,nomads1 all ,e?iopians40 ,& we "h sugge/ ! qu]y1 :e!r ?is is n ! true read+8 ,we d n propose t ?is prefix$ vav has ! p[] ( an adjective or a v]b1 al?\gh x might require ! "o or ! o!r to give ! idea 9 ,engli%4 ,:at we say is1 t x is ! sign ( ! ?+ :i* is ! result ( ! prec$+ n\ns4 ,if x _h be5 us$ "h z a connective p>ticle1 !n ! two prec$+ n\ns w\ld also h _h x = a prefix4 ,su* 0 ! ,hebrew idiom4 ,x w\ld !n h read1 8,& ! p 710 c41 f ,egypt1 & f ,lybia1 & f ! ,nomads1 & f ,e?iopia1 z ! translator seems to h suppos$4 ,b1 z x is1 x det]m9es !m all to h be5 ,e?iopians4 ,?is w be 9 /rict con=mity ) ! description ( ! army at ! "t ( ,asa4 ,! invad+ army1 at t "t1 0 d5om9at$ ,e?iopian1 al?\gh x is evid5t t _m ( ! ,hamitic tribes compos$ x4 ,! real cause ( all ^! w>s 0 ! conte/ :e!r ,pale/9e %\ld be held by ! ,hamitic race1 or by ! ,%emitic1 :o 7 be>+ rule4 ,keep+ ?is 9 m9d1 let u note h[ p]fectly natural is ?is description ( ^? :o compos$ ! army "u ,%i%ak4 ,! troops fir/ collect$ w\ld be f among 8 own imm$iate p1 ! ,egyptians4 ,! next1 ^? :o liv$ beyond him f ! po9t ( attack1 to wit1 ! ,lubims1 :o liv$ to ! we/ ( ,egypt4 ,^! be+ collect$ toge!r1 !y w\ld comm5ce _! m>*1 & ! ,nomads be add$ to ! li/ ( ! army aft] !y jo9$ x2 b none o!r ?an ^? gov]n$ by ! same impulses w\ld atta* !mselves to x4 ,suff] u to illu/rate ?is description ( ,%i%ak's army by suppos+ a some:at analog\s case1 9 mu* m mod]n times3--,t dur+ ! reign ( ,elizabe?1 ,k+ ,philip ( ,spa9 _h made w> on ,engl&1 ^u ! issue ( :e!r ! ,prote/ant or ,ca?olic fai? %\ld prevail 9 t c\ntry4 ,philip w\ld h fir/ collect$ troops 9 ,spa94 ,he may be suppos$ to collect l>ge numb]s 9 ,portugal4 ,^! ,spani% & ,portuguese troops may be suppos$ to m>* ?r\gh ,france1 & 8 army va/ly increas$ !re2 &1 :5 ^u ! coa/ ( ,engl&1 "s ,froiss>t w\ld h said1 t ! p :o came ) ,philip 7 )\t numb]1 ,spani>ds1 ,portuguese1 ,fr5*1 all ,ca?olics4 ,! mann] ( su* description w\ld be 9 exact similitude ) ?is description ( ,%i%ak's army4 ,any "o :o is acqua9t$ ) ! hi/ory ( ! ,crusades w readily see h[ a simil> description w\ld h 9 tru? fitt$ ! army ( ! ,cross4 ,we ?9k x pro( conclusive t ! desc5dants ( ,ham 7 black4 ,b we might add "s pro( f sket*es ( pr(ane hi/ory4 ,9 ! #bb;d section ( ,eut]pe1 ,h]odotus says t ! natives on ! ,nile are univ]sally black4 ,9 ! #cb;d section1 giv+ an acc\nt ( a p>ty ( ,neesamonians1 :o 9 ,africa 7 out ^u an excursion1 he says--8,:ile !y 7 ?us employ$1 sev5 m51 ( dw>fi% /ature1 came :]e !y 71 seiz$ _! p]sons1 & c>ri$ !m away4 ,!y 7 mutually ignorant ( ea* o!rs' language4 ,b ! ,neesamonians 7 conduct$ ov] m>%y gr\nds to a city1 9 :i* all ! inhabitants 7 ( dim9utive appe>ance & ( a black col\r40 ,9 ! #eg? section1 he gives an acc\nt ( an ,egyptian prie/ess :o 0 br\ght among ! ,?respoti4 ,he says t 8! circum/ance ( h] be+ black expla9s to u h] ,egyptian orig940 ,9 ! #ajd? section1 he says--8,! ,*ol*ians c]ta9ly appe> to be ( ,egyptian orig91 :i* inde$1 be=e ,i _h conv]s$ ) any "o on ! subject1 ,i _h always believ$4 ,b z ,i 0 desir\s ( be+ satisfi$1 ,i int]rogat$ ! p ( bo? c\ntries4 ,! result 01 t ! ,*ol*ians seem$ to h a bett] remembrance ( ! ,egyptians1 ?an ! ,egyptians ( ! ,*ol*ians4 ,! ,egyptians 7 ( ! op9ion t ! ,*ol*ians 7 desc5d$ ( a "p ( ! troops ( ,seso/ris3 to ?is ,i myself 0 also incl9$1 because !y are black1 & h _! hair %ort & curl+40 ,cambyses f\ght ! black tribes ( ,egypt & ,africa "u ,amasis1 9 ! we/]n p>ts ( ,arabia4 ,h]odotus says1 7,?alia1 section #ab?17 8,! bones ( ^? :o fell 9 ! engagem5t 7 soon aft]w>ds collect$1 & sep>at$ into two di/9ct heaps4 ,x 0 obs]v$ ( ! ,p]sians1 t _! heads 7 s extremely s(t z to yield to ! slight impression ev5 ( a pebble4 ,^? ( ! ,egyptians1 on ! contr>y1 7 s firm t ! bl[ ( a l>ge /one c\ld h>dly break !m4 99 99 99 ,i saw ! v same fact at ,papremis1 aft] exam9+ ! bones ( ^? :o1 "u ! conduct ( ,a*m5es1 son ( ,d>ius1 7 defeat$ by ,inaius ! ,african40 ,h]odotus notices ! di/9ction betwe5 ! ,arabs & ! ,negroes1 b calls !m all ,e?iopians4 ,9 ! #gj? section ( ,polymnia1 he says--8,^? ,e?iopians :o came f ! mo/ ea/]n "p ( _! c\ntry1 s]v$ ) ! ,indians4 ,^! diff]$ f ! =m] 9 no?+ b _! language & _! hair4 ,! ,ori5tal ,e?iopians h _! hair /raight3 ^? ( ,africa h _! hair m crisp & curl+ ?an o!r m540 ,h]odotus liv$ & wrote ab\t five hundr$ ye>s be=e our era4 ,we h quot$ him ?r\gh a translation1 b n )\t exam9+ ! orig9al4 ,we %all close our evid5ce on ?is po9t ) a s+le quotation f ,judg4 iii4 #h & #aj4 ,! *ildr5 ( ,israel int]m>ri$ ) ! ,canaanites3 ! writ] says1 8,!re=e ! ang] ( ! ,"l 0 hot aga9/ ,israel1 & he sold !m into ! h& ( ,*usan ri%a?aim10 ! wick$ ,e?iopians4 ,:]eas x is z well kn[n z any o!r fact ( biblical hi/ory1 t ^! 8wick$ ,e?iopians0 7 none o!r ?an ! ,phili/9es & o!r aborig9al tribes ( ! l& ( ,canaan4 ,^u ! conque/ ( ,pale/9e by ! ,israelites1 portions ( ! ,canaanites ov]spread ! approa*able p>ts ( ,africa1 :]e num]\s hordes ( _! race 7 already 9 possession4 ,= ages1 !re is said to h /ood ne> ,tangi]1 a monum5t ) inscriptions signify+ t x 0 built 9 commemoration ( ! p :o fl$ f ! face ( ,jo%ua ! robb]4 ,f ! presumption ( ?is be+ a fact1 & f a collection ( o!r facts connect$ ) e>ly comm]ce1 ,moore1 9 ! fir/ volume ( 8 ,hi/ory ( ,irel&1 has /rongly sugge/$ t ! anci5t ,iri% are p>tially indebt$ to ! anci5t ,canaanites = _! orig92 :]eas we ?9k we h suffici5tly prov$ t !y 7 black4 ,we hope ! impulsive sons ( ! ,em]ald ,isle w repel ! insult4 ,b1 if :at ,moore says be true1 x only proves ano!r portion ( our !ory2 =1 z s9 s9ks to all moral & physical degradation & slav]y1 s virtue & hol9ess elevate to fre$om & all animal & m5tal p]fections2 & s9ce ,i]n 0 = ages reg>d$ z an isl& ( sa9ts1 ,moore may h ! b5efit ( ! argum5t1 if he *ooses1 :]eby to acc\nt = ! high-ton$ feel+ & p]sonal p]fections ( ! mod]n ,iri%4 ,9 conclusion1 f ! hi/ory ( ! family ( man1 we may all "k t ! desc5dants ( ,japhe? & ,%em1 :5 free f amalgamation ) ! black tribes1 are :ite p4 ,unless !n ! desc5dants ( ,ham 7 black1 h[ are we to acc\nt = ! ph5om5a ( ! exi/5ce ( t col\r among m58 ,philosophy has be5 9 se>*1 & hi/ory has be5 on ! wat*2 facts ^u facts h be5 record$ t\*+ e matt]2 b h y ev] he>d ( ! uncontam9at$ desc5dants ( ,japhe?1 liv+ 9 ! extreme1 or 9 ! c5tral zone1 exhibit+ ! woolly cr[n ( ! sons ( ,ham8 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xv4 ,we sugge/ "s orig91 "s complexion ( ?\ght1 f :5ce may h emanat$ ! ^w 8,ham10 & its d]ivatives1 z f\nd to h exi/$ 9 ! days ( ! prophets2 & we may "h /ate t ! ,%emitic languages seem to exi/ all 9 a clu/]1 l s _m grapes2 nor are we able to say :i* /&s ne>e/ ! v9e4 ,d\bts may be rais$ z to ! priority ( any "o nam$2 yet we might adduce "s pro( t ! ,coptic is y\ng]1 z we c\ld t ! ,greek is y\ng] /ill4 ,! ,arabic ^w ma corresponds ) ! ,syriac ma1 & ! ,hebrew mah1 & has be5 translat$ into ! ,lat9 quid1 z an int]rogatory1 us$ 9 all languages v elliptically4 ,?us1 ,g54 iv4 #aj3 8,:at h y done80 ,if ! _h be5 omitt$1 ! w\ld h express$ ! :ole idea4 ,x 0 an int]rogatory expression ( exclamation & a/oni%m5t1 to "o :o _h committ$ a he9\s (f5ce4 ,s :5 ,laban pursu$1 ,jacob said1 mah1 ,:at is my trespass8 c41 z if 9 d]ision1--,:at is my horrid crime8 ,ev] s9ce ! days ( ,ca9 "s h manife/$ wick$ acts1 z ?\gh !y 7 op]at$ on by "s /rong desire1 "s covet+ ov]:elm+ to reason1--z if ! action 0 9 total disreg>d ( ! consequ5ces t mu/ foll[ x4 ,?is /ate ( m9d seems to h be5 express$1 9 "s measure1 by ! p>ticul> use ( ?is p>ticle4 ,let u conceive t su* a /ate ( m9d mu/ be a heat$1 a di/urb$ /ate ( m9d1 z 0 t ( ,ca91 & z mu/ h be5 t ( ,jacob1 _h he /ol5 ! goods ( ,laban4 ,! ^w ?us incid5tally expressive ( su* an idea1 by be+ prec$$ or influ5c$ by a p>ticle imply+ p>ticul>ity1 giv+ x def9it5ess & b\nd>y1 mu/ necess>ily be conv]t$ into an action or actor1 imply+ "s portion ( ! primitive idea2 & h5ce we f9d & & ham & hami 9 ,arabic1 ham 9 ,syriac1 to mean a cognate idea1 i4 e4 to gr[ hot1 c41 to boil1 rage1 c41 sometimes tumult1 c41 c4 ,& we n[ ask1 ^! be+ facts1 is x difficult to po9t 9 ! direction ( ! orig9 ( ! ^w ,ham8 ,nor is x a matt] ( any importance1 if ! relation%ip exi/s1 :e!r ! n\n & v]b h desc5d$ f su* exclamatory p>ticle1 or ! rev]se2 yet we c easily imag9e1 9 ! e>ly condition ( ?+s1 t ! m9d1 tak+ cognisance ( "s horrid act1 w\ld impel "s su* exclamation1 & t x w\ld become ! prog5itor ( ! "n ( ! act or actor4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 ea* ,hebrew s*ol> w in=m u t ! ^w is an irregul> ,hebrew ^w4 ,gramm>ians h usually arrang$ words ( ?is peculi> class among ! ,heemanti & augm5t$ words1 & !y h accurately notic$ t ! punctuati/s h always prec$$ ! mem by a 77 ,kamets1 or a 77 ,kholem4 ,?is circum/ance has induc$ ,hill] to suppose t ! mem1 z a ,heemanti1 0 a p>ticle1 :ile ! adjunct 0 ei!r or 2 b all agree t ! =m ( ^! n\ns %[s t !y are int5sive 9 _! signification4 ,if !n ham is a p>ticle ( hamah1 :i* c>ries ) x ! ideas be=e nam$1 x may be less difficult to conceive h[ ! p>ticle1 :5 add$ to o!r n\ns1 w make !m int5sive also1 :ile ! p>ticle itself w\ld be us$ alone to express "s int5sity 9 an emphatic mann]1 m p>ticul>ly ( its root4 ,b we f9d ! ^w ham1 z appli$ to ! son ( ,noah1 f ! root hammah1 or & us$ 9 ,hebrew ?us3 ,9 ,jo%4 ix4 #ab1 8,?is our bread we took hot = our provision10 c4 ,job xxxvii4 #ag1 & vi4 #ag3 8,h[ ?y g>m5ts w>m 7 hamm91 hot7 :5 he quiete? ! e>? by ! s\? w9d40 8,:at "t !y wax w>m1 !y vani% :5 x is hot10 behummo1 9 ! heat4 ,s ,g54 viii4 #bb3 8,:ile ! e>? rema9e?1 se$-"t & h>ve/1 cold & heat 1 & summ] & w9t]1 & day & night1 %all n cease40 ,g54 xviii4 #a3 8,& he sat 9 ! t5t door 9 ! heat ( ! day40 #a ,sam4 xi4 #i-aa3 8,to-morr[1 by ! "t ! sun is hot1 7 be hom1 9 heat47 ,& slew ! ,ammonites until ! heat ( ! day10 ad hom1 until ! hot4 xxi4 #g 7! #f? ( ! ,engli% text73 8,to put hot1 hot 9 ! day10 c4 #b ,sam4 iv4 #e3 8,& came ab\t ! heat ( ! day10 ke hom1 at ! hot4 ,isa4 xxiii4 #d3 8,l a cle> heat ^u h]bs1 & l a cl\d ( dew 9 ! heat ( h>ve/40 ,hag4 i4 #f3 8,ye clo! y1 b !re is none w>m10 be hom1 n hot4 ,j]4 li4 #ci3 8,9 _! heats10 be hummon1 9 _! heats1 c4 ,b 9 ,hebrew1 z 9 "s o!r languages1 ! phonetic p[] express+ ! idea hot1 heat1 c4 0 cognate ) rage1 /ubbornness1 ang]1 wick$ness1 c4 c41 & h5ce we say hell is hot1 & h5ce1 9 ,dan4 iii4 #ac1 #ai3 8,!n ,nebu*adnezz> 9 8 rage10 hama1 heat1 hot4 8,!re=e %all he g =? ) great fury10 be hama1 heat1 rage1 fury1 c4 ,%\ld x be said1 ! words 9 _! decl9ation1 or r ! affix$ & suffix$ p>ticles1 diff]1 & are m>k$ ) diff]5t v[el po9ts1 we answ] by quot+ ,lee's ,heb4 ,lex4 p4 #bje3 8,?is v>iety 9 ! v[els may be ascrib$ ei!r to ! punctuati/s or ! copyi/s1 & is ( no mom5t4 ,b z ! ^w ham 0 ?us appli$ 9 ,hebrew to ! orig9al idea ( active caloric1 z emanat+ f ! sun1 s x w agree ) its homophone 9 ,arabic & ,syriac2 = let x be notic$1 t ! ,arabic ^w ham or haman1 means to be hot1 z ( ! sun4 ,s ! ,syriac hama means /us1 calor1 c4 ,b 9 ,deut4 xxxii4 #bd1 #cc1 x is translat$ poison2 ?us1 poison ( s]p5ts1 & #8! poison ( dragons1' f ! notion t great heat1 rage1 ang]1 c4 are cognate ) poison40 ,?is ^w occurs 9 ,zeph4 ii4 #ab4 ,! receiv$ v]sion is1 8,ye ,e?iopians also1 ye %all be sla9 by my sword40 ,! orig9al is1 1 & has be5 subject to mu* inve/igation4 ,ges5ius consid]s ! ^w a pron\n 9 ! second p]son1 & ,lee seems to side ) him1 b says1 8! tru? is1 ! place is inv]t$ & abrupt1 & %\ld read ?us3 10 & :i* he translates ?us--8,ev5 ye 7are7 7!7 w\nd$ ( my sword1--!y are ,cu%ites40 ,we d n p]ceive h[ he has made ! passage m pla94 ,let u1 = a mom5t1 exam9e h[ ! ,hebrews us$ ?is =m or 1 t we may ! bett] compreh5d its s5se 9 ! pres5t in/ance4 ,j]4 v4 #bb3 8,?\gh !y ro>10 ve hamu1 rage1 c41 8yet c !y n pass ov] x60 vi4 #bc3 8,_! voice ro>e? l ! sea10 rage?1 c4 xxxi4 #ce2 8,:i* divide? ! sea1 :5 ! waves !re( ro>10 say ye1 hem51 rage1 c4 li4 #ae3 8,:5 h] waves d ro> 7 ve hamu se1 rage1 c47 l great wat]s40 ,isa4 li4 #ac3 8,b ,i am ! ,"l ?y ,god t divid$ ! sea1 ^: waves ro>$10 rag$4 li4 #ac3 8,because ( ! fury 7 rage1 c47 ( ! oppressor10 8& :]e is ! fury 7 hama?1 rage1 c47 ( ! oppressor80 li4 #ae3 8^: waves ro>$10 rag$1 c4 ,ps4 xlvi4 #d 7! #c;d ( ! ,engli% text73 8,?\gh ! wat]s !re( ro> 7 rage1 c47 & be tr\bl$10 great agitation1 rage1 c4 ,b let u take a m p>ticul> view ( ?is ^w1 z us$ 9 ! passage f ,zephaniah4 ,! ,septuag9t has translat$ ?is passage 9 1 :i* is v mu* l our receiv$ v]sion4 ,b x %\ld be notic$ t x has translat$ ! ,hebrew ^w into 2 w\ld imply ! injury1 w\nds1 c>nage1 or slaught] ( a :ole nation1 army1 or body ( p2 b implies individuality1 & rea*es no f>!r ?an ! p]son or p]sons nam$4 ,! prophet _h be5 utt]+ d5unciations aga9/ _m nations1 b 9 ?is passage emphatically selects ! ,e?iopians z individuals2 & ! ,greek translator evid5tly discov]$ !re 0 9 ?is d5unciation some?+ peculi>ly p]sonal z appli$ to ! ,e?iopians4 ,! ,hebrew conveys ! idea ( r$uc+1 subject+1 or br++ l[1 z by =ce1 to cause to s9k 9 "* z 9 ,ps4 lxxxix4 #dj 7#ci? ( ! ,engli% text73 8,?\ ha/ made void ! cov5ant ( ?y s]vant3 ?\ ha/ w\nd$1 subject$1 or r$uc$ 8 cr[n to ! e>?40 ,ezek4 xxii4 #bf3 8,h] prie/s h violat$ my law1 & h 7w\nd$1 subject$1 l[]$ ! "* (7 my holy ?+s40 ,b ! ^w is "h us$ 9 ! con/ruct /ate1 %[+ t ! idea impos$ by ?is ^w 0 br\ght ab\t by ! foll[+ t]m1 1 :i* ! ,septuag9t translates rhomphaias1 :i* prop]ly means ! ,?racian spe>2 b means any weapon1 a goad h>poon z well z a sword4 ,! fact is1 nei!r ( ^! words 7 ! usual ,hebrew or ,greek t]m to mean a sword4 ,! ,greeks w\ld h call$ a sword 1 & ! ,hebrews or or 1 or p]haps 2 & ,dr4 ,lee has giv5 z ! ,greek translation ( 1 :i* means a sickle1 a goad = driv+ elephants1 c4 ,x 0 a ?+ to inflict w\nds by :i* to en=ce subjection1 & ! idea is t ! ,e?iopians are cov]$ by w\nds by _! be+ r$uc$ by x1 or t !y %all be4 ,:5 ,j]emiah ann\nc$ captivity & slav]y to ! ,egyptians & ! adjac5t tribes1 he us$ ?is ^w z ! in/rum5t ( its execution4 ,?us ,j]4 xlvi4 #ad3 8,decl>e ye 9 ,egypt1 & publi% 9 ,migdol1 & publi% 9 ,noph1 & 9 ,taphanhes2 say ye1 ,/& fa/1 & prep>e !e1 = ! sword %all dev\r r\nd ab\t !e40 #af3 8,arise & let u g aga9 to our own p1 & to ! l& ( our nativity1 f ! oppress+ sword10 4 ,_m su* in/ances might be cit$1 %[+ ! fact t1 9 poetic /ra91 ?is 0 ! in/rum5t usually nam$1 z 9 ! h& ( him subject+ o!rs to bondage2 & mu* 9 ! same mann]1 ev5 at ?is day1 we use ! t]m 8:ip10 9 ! h& ( ! ma/]1 9 ref]5ce to ! en=cem5t ( 8 au?ority ov] 8 slave4 ,9 a fur!r view ( ! ^w 1 z us$ 9 ?is passage1 we deem x prop] to /ate t ,gibbs consid]s x a pron\n ( ! ?ird p]son plural1 mascul9e1 !y1 & adds1 8sometimes0 7probably an incorrectness drawn f ! language ( common life7 8us$ 9 ref]5ce to wom510 & quotes ,ze*4 v4 #aj2 ,cant4 vi4 #h2 ,ru? i4 #bb4 ,& he fur!r adds1 8,x is us$ = ! sub/antive v]b 9 ! ?ird p]son plural1 #a ,k+s viii4 #dj1 ix4 #bj2 ,g54 xxv4 #af2 also = ! sub/antive v]b 9 ! second p]son1 ,zeph4 ii4 #ab3 #8,also1 ye ,cu%ites %all be sla9 by my sword4'0 ,gibbs's ,lex4 p4 #age4 ,9 ,/u>t's ,gramm>1 p4 #aic1 he says1 8,p]sonal pron\ns ( ! ?ird p]son sometimes /& simply 9 ! place ( ! v]b ( exi/5ce20 e4 g4 he cites ,g54 ix4 #c1 ,ze*4 i4 #i1 & says1 8,pla9] /ill is ! pr9ciple 9 su* cases1 z foll[s3 ,zeph4 ii4 #ab1 #8,ye ,cu%ites1 victims ( my sword are ye4'0 ,! fact is1 ! v]b ( exi/5ce1 call$ ! v]b 8to be10 & ! v]b sub/antive1 9 ,hebrew1 z 9 all o!r languages1 is (t5 n express$1 b und]/ood4 ,?is circum/ance is well expla9$ 9 ,gess5ius' ,hebrew ,gramm>1 revis$ by ,rodig]1 & translat$ by ,conant1 p4 #bbe1 ?us1 8,:5 a p]sonal pron\n is ! subject ( a s5t5ce1 l a n\n 9 ! same position1 x does n require = its union ) ! pr$icate a di/9ct ^w = ! copula1 :5 ?is consi/s simply 9 ! v]b #8to be1' #8,i 7am7 ! se]1' #a ,sam4 ix4 #ai40 ,& aga93 8,! pron\n ( ! ?ird p]son frequ5tly s]ves to conv]t ! subject & pr$icate1 & is !n a sort ( sub/itute = ! copula ( ! v]b to be1 e4 g4 ,g54 xli4 #bf3 #8,! sev5 good c[s1 sev5 ye>s 7are7 !y4'0 ,to say 9 ,engli%1 8,! sev5 good c[s1 sev5 ye>s !y10 w\ld be ?\ght too elliptical2 b we d n p]ceive h[ ! expression conv]ts 8!y0 into ! v]b 8to be40 ,b aga91 ! same au?or says1 p4 #bfa3 8,! union ( ! sub/antive or pron\n1 :i* =ms ! subject ( ! s5t5ce1 ) ano!r sub/antive or adjective1 z its pr$icate1 is mo/ commonly express$ by simply writ+ !m toge!r )\t any copula4 #a ,k+s xxiii4 #ba3 #8,jehovah 7is7 ! true ,god4'0 ,! idiom ( ! language !n does n necess>ily conv]t 9 ! passage be=e u into ! v]b 8to be40 ,& "h let u repeat ! s5t5ce1 ,zeph4 ii4 #ab4 ,x w be p]ceiv$ t are connect$ by ,makkaph4 ,hebrew s*ol>s d n agree z to h[ f> ?is "* is effective z an acc5t4 ,b ! rules = its use are--8,makkaph is ins]t$ 9 ! foll[+ cases3 #a4 ,p>ticles1 :i*1 f _! nature1 c nev] h any di/9ctive acc5t1 are mo/ly connect$ ) o!r words by ! m>k ,makkaph3 ev5 to h] husb&2 9 ! integrity ( my he>t4 ,g54 xx4 #e1 c4 #b4 ,:5 words are to be con/ru$ toge!r1 c41 z its se$ 7is7 )9 itself4 ,g54 i4 #aa10 c4--,lee's ,lectures1 p4 #fa4 ,b ,/u>t1 see+ no way to translate ! s5t5ce )\t mak+ ! v]b 8to be10 #c;d p]son plural1 8are10 takes ! p]sonal pron\n1 #b;d p]son plural1 equival5t to ye or y1 away f 1 to :i* x is atta*$ by ,makkaph1 & c>ries x d[n to prec$e 9 ! s5t5ce1 & ?us reads 8are ye10 :ile he supplies ano!r z und]/ood to prec$e 1 & reads1 8ye ,cu%ites1 victims ( my sword are ye40 ,we consid] ?is z q z objectionable z ,dr4 ,lee's--8,ev5 ye 7are7 7!7 w\nd$ ( my sword1--!y are ,cu%ites40 ,b p]mit u n[ to inquire into ! probability ( be+ ev5 a pron\n4 a-no-khi is n believ$ to be a ,hebrew ^w4 ,x is a homophone ( ! ,coptic ^w 1 & us$ by ! ,egyptians1 :o spoke ,coptic1 z ! p]sonal pron\n ,i4 ,?is ^w is believ$ to h be5 borr[$ by ! ,hebrews at ! "t !y 7 9 bondage 9 ,egypt1 & ! habit ( x s /rongly e/abli%$ dur+ _! f\r hundr$ ye>s ( s]vitude1 t nei!r ! lit]ature ( ! age ( ,moses nor ! g5ius ( ! p c\ld ev] eradicate x4 ,_! orig9al p]sonal pron\n 0 probably totally lo/2 no?+ analog\s to ?is ,coptic t]m c be f\nd 9 any o!r ( ! ,%emitic tongues4 ,b ,lee says t ,gess5ius has f\nd x 9 ,punic1 & quotes ,lehrege-baude1 note1 p4 #bjj4 ,9 ,*aldaic1 ! p]sonal pron\n1 fir/ p]son s+ul>1 is a-nah1 & its phonetic cognates are f\nd 9 all ! o!r si/] dialects4 ,we may !n well sugge/ t ! lo/ ,hebrew t]m 0 a-na1 or q analog\s !reto4 ,su* !n be+ ! facts1 let u inquire into ! orig91 composition1 & signification ( ?is ,coptic pron\n4 ,x w be agre$ t "s language mu/ h _h prec$5ce 9 ! _w1 & x is usually yield$ to ! ,hebrew4 ,t su* prec$5ce 0 ! prop]ty ( "s "o ( ! ,asiatic dialects all agree2 & ! ne>] ! subsequ5t language exi/s to its prec$5t1 ! m pla9ly w its desc5t be manife/4 ,if ! ,hebrew 0 su* prec$5t1 or any o!r ( its imm$iate si/]s1 ! ,coptic1 exi/+ 9 _! imm$iate neighb\rhood1 mu/ h be5 orig9ally v analog\s to !m4 ,x is immat]ial :e!r our sugge/ion be "r or wrong z to :at p>ticul>ly 0 ! lo/ ,hebrew pron\n2 let u take ! ,*aldaic1 :i*1 ( all ^! dialects1 0 ! mo/ ne>ly l ! ,hebrew--! p]sonal pron\n ,i1 ,i am1 & ! ^w ki1 :i* means a m>k z a /igma1 indelibly fix$1 z burn$ 91 a m>k int5d$ po9t$ly to indicate some?+2 & h5ce x became a p>ticle atta*$ to a ^w (t5 by ,makkaph1 :5ce ! att5tion 0 to be p>ticul>ly call$1 z1 m>k me1 m>k ye1 are j1 c4 c4 ,isa4 iii4 #bd3 pm tr#a he ' ' 'k taat ywp' a burn$ m>k ( /igma1 in/ead ( beauty4 ,"s h d\bt$ ! accuracy ( ! ,hebrew 9 ?is in/ance1 & ! fact is1 no d\bt1 t x is r an ,arabicism2 b t 9 no way affects our d$uction2 x matt]s n :e!r ! ,coptic borr[$ f ,*aldean1 ,hebrew1 or ,arabic4 ,^! two words are beyond "q ! orig91 ! comp\nd ( ! ,coptic pron\n1 mean+ & includ+ ! individuality ( ! fir/ p]son s+ul>1 & orig9ally express+ also ! fact1 t su* p]son 0 m>k$ z a /igma indelibly1 z burn$ 91 c4 ,anoki1 ,i1 a m>k$ "o2 ,i1 "o de=m$ z if br&$1 c42 ,i1 "o t c>ry ! m>k (1 c4 c41 0 ! orig9al idea express$ by ?is ,coptic t]m ( individuality4 ,?us x express$ ! fact t ! p]son 0 a successor 9 ! curses ( ,ham & ,ca91 & 9 no o!r mann] c ! extraord9>y appe>ance ( & sometimes 9 ! ?ird p]son ( ! pron\n be acc\nt$ =4 ,x is evid5tly f a new & o!r s\rce1 ! same or cognate ) ! t]m appli$ to ! son ( ,noah4 ,^! adjective associations ( ! pron\n1 ?r\gh ! lapse ( ages1 w\ld naturally be =gott5 by ! ,copts !mselves1 & 7 probably unkn[n to ! ,hebrews2 j z we ourselves h =gott5 t our ^w ob$i5t /ill expresses "s ( ! qualities ( ! ,hebrew ^w eb$ & ab$1 f :i* x has be5 d]iv$ ?r\gh ! ,lat94 ,?is pron\n ,i1 c4 0 (t5 contract$ by ! ,hebrews into ani1 & 9 its decl9ation /ood ?us3 #a/ p]son s+ul>1 common g5d]3 sometimes ,i4 ,plural3 ,we4 #b;d p]son s+ul> mascul9e3 ,?\4 ,plural3 ,y4 ,s+ul> fem99e3 ,?\1 fem4 ,plural3 ,y1 fem4 #c;d p]son s+ul>1 mascul9e3 ,he4 ,plural3 hem--occasionally ,!y4 ,"h we f9d ! ^w 9 "q1 if a pron\n4 ,! fem99e ( ! ?ird p]son is 1 & plural 1 & yet is us$ 9 ,canticles 9 a condition evid5tly fem99e2 & yet 9 ,zeph4 ii4 #ab1 x is said x mu/ be 9 ! second p]son plural4 ,b c any "o believe t ^! words1 ?us arrang$ 9 ! decl9ation ( ?is pron\n1 c\ld ev] h _h a common orig98 ,! fact is1 no orig9al language 0 ev] =m$ f rules2 ! rules are m]ely its description aft] x is =m$4 ,language1 9 ! infancy ( its =mation1 res5ts re/ra9t & all laws1 except su* z apply to its incipi5t /ate4 ,suppose a soldi] = life %\ld p]si/ 9 call+ 8 infant son soldi]1 ei!r playfully or m\rnfully2 ! *ild w\ld associate ! t]m 8soldi]0 ) 8 individuality1 & say soldi] am sleepy1 c4 ,9 case ! soldi]'s family 0 isolat$ f ! re/ ( ! _w1 9 ! l& ( ,nod1 or else:]e1 !n ! family ( languages w\ld be q apt to h a new t]m z a p]sonal pron\n4 ,m p]t95t examples w\ld expla9 our idea p]haps m fully4 ,!re nev] 0 a language ^u ?is e>?1 ( :i* any ?+ is kn[n1 t does n %[ an extraord9>y irregul>ity 9 ! =mation ( its p]sonal pron\ns1--(t5 giv+ pro( t ! diff]5t cases & p]sons h be5 =m$ f diff]5t roots4 ,web/] says--8,i1 ! pron\n ( ! fir/ p]son1 ! ^w :i* expresses "o's self1 or t by :i* a speak] or writ] d5otes himself40 8,9 ! plural1 we use we & u1 :i* appe> to be words radically di/9ct f ,i40 ,"u we1 he says1 8,f plural ( ,i1 or r a diff]5t ^w1 d5ot+10 c4 ,does any "o imag9e t ,i1 y1 me1 & u are f ! same root8 ,web/] notic$ ! discrepancy2 we c\ld h hop$ t he w\ld h giv5 ! _w a hi/ory ( ! p]sonal pron\n ( all languages3 we "k ( no intellect m capable4 ,su* a hi/ory w\ld develop _m curi\s ?+s 9 ! hi/ory ( man1 b w\ld be att5d$ ) great lab\r2 & human life has too few days = su* a man4 ,?us we may1 hypo!tically at lea/1 po9t out ! class ( op]at+ causes :]eby ! ,copts introduc$ or occasionally z a p]son ( ! pron\n1 ) ! signification t ! p]son to :om x 0 appli$ 0 a desc5dant ( ! son ( ,noah2 & ! pron\n s introduc$ d]iv$ f ! n\n ,ham4 ,=1 c we suppose ! fir/ p]son s+ul> a-no-ki1 & its ?ird p]son plural hem1 occasionally hemmah1 h ! same root1 or are ( ! same orig98 ,?is & ! ^w ! son ( ,noah1 are id5tical1 except ! son ( ,noah is g5]ally writt5 ) a he?1 in/ead ( a he2 b all "k1 :o h /udi$ ! matt]1 ^! *>act]s v (t5 int]*ange1 & t copyi/s h (t5 inadv]t5tly plac$ ! "o = ! o!r4 ,t :i* w\ld seem ! pron\n is us$ 9 ,g54 xiv4 #e1 & ! ,septuag9t has translat$ x z a pron\n2 b our receiv$ v]sion has no d\bt re/or$ ! true read+4 ,! passage is translat$ 89 ,ham10 i4 e4 ! l& occupi$ by ! desc5dants ( ,ham1 ! son ( ,noah4 ,! *ange ( ,kamets into ,ts]e1 is really ( no mom5t4 ,^! *>act]s 7 nev] inv5t$ until aft] ! language ceas$ to be spok51 & 0 long s9ce dead4 ,! po9ts1 9 reality1 are no "p ( ! language4 ,! ^w 9 ,g5esis is indisputably a n\n1 prec$$ & gov]n$ by ! preposition 4 ,p]haps no "o has ev] yet succe$$ to satisfy himself & o!rs 9 ! translation ( ?is passage ( ,zephaniah2 all1 or o!rs = !m1 f9d x full ( difficulty3 b let u consid] a n\n ( ! same ord] z ! ( xiv4 #e ( ,g5esis1--9 "s respect 9 apposition to 1 b m emphatic1 z ! affix ( w\ld seem to indicate1 by its increase ( ! int5sity1 z well z its acc\nt+ = ! dage% ( ! mem1 or its duplication4 ,let u consid] x to mean ! desc5dants ( ,ham1--to express ! idea1 ) great int5sity1 t ! ,cu%ites 7 ,hamites4 ,true1 x is n 9 ! usual =m ( a patronymic4 ,b we "k n :o w acc\nt1 by grammatical rules1 = all ! anomalies f\nd 9 ,hebrew1 a language s full ( ellipses t "s h ?\ght x a m]e skeleton language4 ,) ?is view ( ! subject x w read elliptically1 ?us3 ,s ye ,e?iopians w\nd$ ( ! sword1 ,hamites--) ! mean+1 t ! ,e?iopians 7 subject to bondage1 & at ! same "t putt+ !m 9 m9d t ! curse ( slav]y1 z to ! po/]ity ( ,ham1 0 unalt]able4 ,! mean+ ( ! prophet is--,s ye ,e?iopians1 r$uc$ to a condition ( bondage1 rememb] ye are ! inh]itors ( ! curse ( ,ham6 ,! arrangem5t ( ! language to u cle>ly indicates t s5se4 ,besides1 we mu/ take into consid]ation ! peculi> mean+ ( ! words & -- t ! prophet is writ+ 9 a highly figurative & poetic /ra92 & we w\ld also comp>e :at ?is prophet says to ! ,e?iopians ) :at ! o!r prophets h said ( ! same p4 is "h applicable to all ! tribes ( ,ham1 z 9 ,amos ix4 #g3 8,are ye n z *ildr5 ( ! ,e?iopians unto me8 ,o *ildr5 ( ,israel1 sai? ! ,"l40 ,x may be well "h to notice also t ! ^w 8,e?iopian0 is ( ,greek orig91 & associates ) ! idea blackness1 l t ( ,ham4 ,?us1 1 ,ai?iops1 sun-burnt1 sw>?y z ,e?iopians2 1 w>m?1 heat1 fire1 ard5t1 blaz+ l fire1 black5$ by fire1 black1 d>k2 1 burn+ fi]y1 blaz+1 burn$1 d>k5$ by fire1 d>k-col\r$1 consum+1 de/roy+4 ,donnegan p4 #cd4 ,b ,isaiah speaks ( ! desc5dants ( ,ham p]haps 9 a m figurative language1 & 9 a m elevat$ & poetical /ra93 #a4 ,wo to ! l& %ad[+ ) w+s1 ,:i* is beyond ! riv]s ( ,e?iopia3 #b4 ,t s5de? ambassadors by ! sea1 ,ev5 9 vessels ( bulru%es ^u ! wat]s1 ,say+1 ,g1 ye swift mess5g]s1 to a nation scatt]$ & peel$2 ,to a p t]rible f ! beg9n+ hi!rto2 ,a nation met$ out & trodd5 d[n1 #c4 ,^: l& ! riv]s h spoil$6 ,all ye inhabitants ( ! _w1 & dwell]s on ! e>?1 ,see ye1 :5 he lifte? up an ensign on ! m\nta9s1 ,& :5 he bl[e? a trumpet1 he> ye6 #d4 ,= s ! ,"l said unto me1 ,i w take my re/1 ,& ,i w consid] 9 my dwell+-place1 ,l a cle> heat ^u h]bs1 ,& l a cl\d ( dew 9 ! heat ( h>ve/4 #e4 ,= a=e ! h>ve/1 :5 ! bud is p]fect1 ,& ! s\r grape is rip5+ 9 ! fl[]1 ,he %all bo? cut (f ! sprigs ) prun+-hooks1 ,& take away & cut d[n ! bran*es4 #f4 ,!y %all be left toge!r unto ! f[ls ( ! m\nta9s1 ,& to ! bea/s ( ! e>?2 ,& ! f[ls %all summ] ^u !m1 ,& ! bea/s ( ! e>? %all w9t] ^u !m4 #g4 ,9 t "t %all a pres5t be br\ght unto ! ,"l ( ho/s1 ,( a p scatt]$ & peel$1 ,& f a p t]rible f ! beg9n+ hi!rto2 ,a nation met$ out & trodd5 "u foot1 ,^: l& ! riv]s h spoil$1 ,to ! place ( ! "n ( ! ,"l ( ho/s1 ! ,m\nt ,zion4 ,isa4 #ah4 ,! d5\ncem5ts ( ,jehovah aga9/ ! *ildr5 ( ,ham are m pla9ly express$ 9 ! promises ( ,god to ^! ( ! true wor%ip1 8 peculi> p3 ,?us sai? ! ,"l1 ,! lab\r ( ,egypt1 & m]*&ise ( ,e?iopia1 ,& ( ! ,sabeans1 m5 ( /ature1 ,%all come ov] unto !e1 & !y %all be ?9e3 ,!y %all come aft] !e2 ,9 *a9s !y %all come ov]2 ,& !y %all fall d[n unto !e4 ,!y %all make supplication unto !e1 ,say+1 ,surely ,god is 9 !e2 ,& !re is none else1 ,!re is no ,god 7beside71--7or1 !re is no o!r ,god47 ,isa4 xlv4 #ad4 ,s ,j]emiah3 8,decl>e ye 9 ,egypt1 & publi% x 9 ,migdol1 & publi% 9 ,noph & 9 ,taphanhes2 say ye1 ,/& fa/1 & prep>e !e2 = ! sword %all dev\r r\nd ab\t !e4 8,o ?\ daught] dwell+ 9 ,egypt1 furni% ?yself to g into captivity3 = ,noph %all be wa/e & desolate1 )\t an inhabitant4 8,! daught] ( ,egypt %all be conf\nd$2 %e %all be deliv]$ into ! h&s ( ! p ( ! nor?40 ,j]4 xlvi4 #a1 #ai1 #bd4 8,& ! sword %all come ^u ,egypt1 & great pa9 %all be 9 ,e?iopia1 :5 ! sla9 %all fall 9 ,egypt1 & !y %all take away h] multitudes1 & h] f\ndations %all be brok5 d[n4 8,e?iopia1 & ,lybia1 & ,lydia1 & all ! m+l$ 7mix$-blood$7 p1 ,*ub & ! m5 ( ! l& t is 9 league1 %all fall ) !m by ! sword4 8,9 t day %all mess5g]s g =? f me 9 %ips to make ! c>eless ,e?iopians afraid1 & great pa9 %all come ^u !m1 z 9 ! day ( ,egypt3 =1 lo1 x come?4 8,! "y m5 ( ,av5 & ( ,pibese? %all fall by ! sword3 & ^! cities %all g into captivity4 8,at ,taphanhes also ! day %all be d>k5$1 :5 ,i %all break !re ! yokes ( ,egypt3 & ! pomp ( h] /r5g? %all cease 9 h]3 z = h]1 a cl\d %all cov] h]2 & h] daught]s %all g into captivity4 8,& ,i w scatt] ! ,egyptians among ! nations & disp]se !m among ! c\ntries1 & !y %all "k t ,i am ! ,"l40 ,ezek4 xxx4 #d1 #e1 #i1 #ag1 #ah1 #bf4 8,& ,i w sell y\r sons & y\r daught]s into ! h&s ( ! *ildr5 ( ,judah1 & !y %all sell !m to ! ,sabeans1 to a p af> (f3 = ! ,"l ha? spok5 x40 ,joel iii4 #h4 ,x may be we h occupi$ too mu* "t1 9 rem>ks too obscure & indi/9ct = biblical criticism1 ^u ?is passage ( ,zephaniah2 & x may be t1 9 ! judgm5t ( "s1 we h ?us made ourselves obnoxi\s to ! satire ( ! rev]5d & witty comm5tator ^u ! words3 8,/range su* diff]5ce !re %\ld be ',twi/ twe$le-dum & twe$le-dee40 ,b we 7 sure ! passage _h be5 greatly misund]/ood1 & 71 p]haps1 too mu* embold5$ by ! hope1 t ! provid5ce ( ! ,all-wise might yet aga9 issue =? ! tru? f ! tongue ( ! feeble4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xvi4 ,f ! root has also be5 d]iv$ ! ,arabic ^w haman1 & ! ,syriac ' haman1 & adopt$ by ! ,hebrews 9 ! ^w haman1 :i* ,ca/ell translates 8images10 d$icat$ to ! wor%ip ( ! sun1 ! wor%ip ( fire1 heat1 c4 ,! ,hebrew use ( ?is ^w w be f\nd 9 a plural =m 9 ,lev4 xxvi4 #cj1 ?us3 8,& ,i w de/roy y\r high places1 & cut d[n y\r images10 hammanekem4 #b ,*ron4 xiv4 #c 7! f\r? ( ! ,hebrew text37 8,& brake d[n ! images10 hammanim2 also xxxiv4 #d1 #g3 8,& ! images1 7 hammanim7 t 7 on high above !m1 he cut d[n10 8& _h beat5 ! grav5 images 7 hammanim7 into p[d]40 ,isa4 xvii4 #h3 8,ei!r ! groves or ! images10 hammanim2 also xxvii4 #i3 8,! groves & images 7 hammanim7 %all n /& up40 ,ezek4 vi4 #d1 #f3 8,y\r alt>s %all be desolate1 & y\r images 7 hammanekem7 %all be brok510 8& y\r images 7 hammanekem7 may be cut d[n40 ,we h no possible ^w to express lit]ally ?is t]m1 b ! hammanek5s1 or little ,,hams1 or fire-h\ses1 ! objects ( religi\s adoration1 7 conical t[]s1 f fifty to "o hundr$ feet high1 & fifte5 to tw5ty feet 9 diamet] at ! base1 & gradually decreas+ upw>d1 ) a small door or op5+ fifte5 or tw5ty feet above ! base1 & f\r small] ones ne> ! apex1 look+ t[>ds ! c>d9al po9ts4 ,! mod]ns h no c]ta9 k ( _! p>ticul> use1 yet all believe t 9 !m 0 attempt$ to be kept ! p]petual or holy fire1 & p]haps into !m 0 ?ru/ ! infant sacrific$ to ! god4 ,may we n suppose t ,daniel & 8 bre?r5 w\ld h in=m$ u1 _h x be5 necess>y = u to "k m8 ,sp5c]1 ,heb4 ,laws1 lib4 ii4 cap4 #be1 #c1 says ( ^! edifices3 8,!y 7 ( a conical =m & ( a black col\r40 ,x seems to u ?is id5tifies ^! edifices ) ! r\nd t[]s ( ,p]sia & else:]e1 rema9s ( _m ( :i* 7 anci5tly f\nd 9 ,irel&4 ,! curi\s ab\t ?is matt] are ref]r$ to ,ges5ius's ,!saurus1 p4 #dhi2 also ,lee's ,lex4 p4 #big1 :]e he quotes ,h5rici ,ar5tii ,hamak] ,miscellanea ,phnicia1 pp4 #di1 #ed2 also ,diatribe ,philologico-,critica aliquot monum5torum ,punicorum2 ,seld51 de ,diis ,syris1 ii4 cap4 #h1 & ! au?ors sev]ally cit$ by !m4 ,^u a full consid]ation ( ! subject1 ,dr4 ,lee says--8,^u ! :ole1 ,i am dispos$ to believe t ! t]m 7haman7 is r d]iv$ f ,ham1 ! fa!r ( ,canaan1 ( ,mitsraim1 c41 ,g54 x4 #f-bj2 & h5ce by ! latt] wor%ipp$ z presid+ angel ( ! sun1 "u ! title ( 1 ,greek 7,ammon71 :i* is probably our v ^w40 ,if s1 !n 8 v "n became significant ( ! wor%ip ( fire1 & ev5 expressive ( ! fire-temples !mselves4 ,by "s fanciful relation1 n relevant to our subject1 betwe5 ! fire or sun wor%ipp]s & a/ronomy1 :5 ! sun 0 9 aries 7! ram71 ! god ,ham1 ,ammon1 ,hammon1 or ,jupit] ,hammon1 0 repres5t$ ) a ram's head = 8 cre/2 ) ?is cre/ became associat$ ! idea ( ! god1 & h5ce *on*ologi/s1 ev5 to ?is day1 call c]ta9 %ells1 t are fanci$ to resemble ! ram's horn1 ,ammonites1 giv+ fur!r evid5ce1 ev5 n[1 ( h[ deeply seat$ 0 ! association betwe5 ! e>li] desc5dants ( ,ham & ! fire wor%ip ( _! day4 ,! long & fanciful /ory ( ,io1 *ang$ by ,jupit] into a :ite c[2 ( h] flight f ! fifty sons ( ,egyptus2 ( h] becom+ ! prog5itor ( ! ,ionians2 ! ,egyptians claim+ h] "u ! "n ( ,isis2 ( h] m>riage ) ,osiris1 :o became at l5g? ,apis & ,s]apis1 wor%ipp$ 9 ! image ( a black bull ) a :ite spot 9 8 =ehead1 & _m su* tales1 are all legitimately desc5d$ f 8 family peculi>ities1 _! relative condition 9 ! _w1 & ! fact t ,ham became ! imag9>y deity ( 8 desc5dants4 ,mu* evid5ce may be _h prov+ t ,ham became insep>ably associat$ )1 & 9 fact ! v fa!r (1 idolatry1 & ( all ^? enormities gr[+ out ( x2 enormities ) :i* idolatry has ev] be5 att5d$1 & :i* "t & ! hi/ory ( man = ev] give pro( to be a total prev5tive ( all physical & moral elevation & improvem5t2 & :i*1 l o!r brea*es aga9/ ! laws ( ,god1 h1 at all times1 among all m51 = ev] be5 accompani$ by bo? physical & moral degradation4 ,b ! desc5dants ( ,ham gave 8 "n to _! c\ntry4 ,*emi 0 ! ,coptic "n = ,egypt1 :i* ! ,septuag9t translates into ,*am4 ,plut>* /yles ,egypt ,*emia1 f ! ,coptic ,*emi1 &1 z if he wi%$ to give "s acc\nt ( its orig91 adds1 1 8= x is hot & humid20 %[+ t ! ,*emi ( ! ,copts signifi$ ! same z ! ,ham ( ! ,hebrews4 ,b ! ,coptic ^w ,*emi1 & ( ,plut>*1 also signifi$ ! adjective black4 ,see ,gibbs's ,hebrew ,lexicon1 "u ! ^w ,ham2 & ) ?is signification ! ^w ,ham is us$ 9 ,ps4 lxxviii4 #ea3 8,! *ief ( _! /r5g? 9 ! tab]nacles ( ,ham30 ,septuag9t1 1 ,*am1 f ! ,coptic *emi1 black4 cv4 #bc3 8,& ,jacob soj\rn$ 9 ! l& ( ,ham10 ,ham3 ,septuag9t1 1 ,*am1 f ! ,coptic *emi1 black4 #bg3 8,& wond]s 9 ! l& ( ,ham30 ,septuag9t1 ,*am1 f ! ,coptic *emi1 black4 cvi4 #bb3 8,wondr\s works 9 ! l& ( ,ham30 ,septuag9t1 ,*am1 f ! ,coptic *emi1 black4 ,! idea is1 ! l& ( ! black p4 ,9 ?is s5se also ! ^w is us$ 9 ,g54 xiv4 #e3 8,& smote ! ,rephaims 9 ,a%t]o? ,k>naim1 & ! ,zuzims 9 ,ham40 ,! ,septuag9t translates ?is passage into 1 z ?\gh ! be ,ham 0 a pron\n1 & :i* seems to h be5 ! view ( sev]al anci5t translators4 ,b su* c]ta9ly 0 n ! view ( ! translators ( ! receiv$ v]sion2 nor ( ,m>t9dale1 & o!rs f :om he compil$4 ,he says ( ?is passage--8#b4 ,ham1 crafty1 or heat2 ! c\ntry ( ! ,zuzims1 ! situation ( :i* is n kn[n30 p4 #cbf4 ,we c]ta9ly agree ) ! ,septuag9t t ,zuzim 0 a significant t]m1 & p]haps well en\gh expla9$ by 1 = :i* a suitable translation w\ld seem to be wick$1 p]v]se1 /rong1 num]\s1 or /ubborn hea!n4 ,!y 7 probably ! ,zamzummims ( ,deut4 ii4 #bj4 ,! ^w be ,ham1 unless a pron\n z above1 aga9/ :i* mu* c be said1 is evid5tly us$ z 9 ! ,psalms quot$4 ,9 all ^! cases ,ham is us$ some:at z a synonyme ( ,cu%2 & :5 appli$ to a c\ntry g5]ally1 meant :atev] c\ntry 0 occupi$ by ! desc5dants ( ,ham4 ,! s5se ( ! s5t5ce1 & ,zuzims 9 ,ham1 w !n be1 & ! /ubborn hea!n 9 ,e?iopia1 or1 ! p]v]se tribes ( ,cu%1 or ! wick$ nations ( ,ham2 all mean+ ! black tribes1 desc5dants ( ,ham1 or "s "o ( !m1 :5 p>ticul>ity is int5d$1 z probably 9 ?is case2 & let x be notic$1 t ,m>t9dale1 p4 #bda1 gives 8blackness0 z 8 fir/ def9ition ( ,cu%4 ,! desc5dants ( ,ham apply+ 8 "n to !mselves & c\ntry1 !y be+ black1 x necess>ily became significant ( t col\r4 ,we h ,g]mans1 ,sw$es1 ,engli%2 b if we say 8,negroes10 or if we say ,africans1 we mean black m51 because ^? words1 z n[ us$1 mean m5 ( col\r2 & 9 a s5se analog\s1 ! ^w ,ham seems to h be5 us$ 9 ! passages quot$4 ,?is view ( ! ^w ,ham we ?9k elucidates ! hi/ory ( ,e/h] & t ( ,haman ! son ( ,hamada?a--,agagite1 ha ,agagi4 ,! ^w is a patronymic ( ,agag1--h5ce he 0 an ,amalekite3 8,agag1 ! k+ ( ,amalek0--8,agag1 ! k+ ( ! ,amalekites40 #a ,sam4 xv4 #bj1 #cb4 8,n[ !re 0 "o ,haman1 ! son ( ,amada?a1 by bir? an ,amalekite40 ,josephus1 book ii4 cap4 vi4 #e4 ,?is %[s ! cause ( ! extraord9>y hatr$ t exi/$ betwe5 h] p & 84 ,8 v "n %[s t he 0 a desc5dant ( ,ham1 & we ?9k also proves t ! ,amalekites 7 black2 & :i* fact is confirm$ by #a ,sam4 xv4 #f3 8,& ,saul said unto ! ,k5ites1 ,g1 dep>t2 get ye d[n f among ! ,amalekites1 le/ ,i de/roy y ) !m10--ev9c+ ! fact t by m]e inspection he c\ld n di/+ui% ! "o f ! o!r4 ,we h be=e %[n t ! ,k5ites 7 black4 ,! argum5t foll[s1 t ! ,amalekites 7 also4 ,! ^w ,ham is also us$ 9 #a ,*ron4iv4 #dj1 9 ! same mann] z x is 9 ,psalms & ,g5esis1 ?us3 8,= !y ( ,ham _h dwelt !re ( old40 ,?is is said ( ,g$>1 8ev5 unto ! ea/ side ( ! valley40 ,n[ ,g$> 0 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,judea1 7see ,jo%4 xv4 #dh-fj17 or 9 ! valley1 7see ,jo%4 xv4 #cf27 & z t acc\nt ( ! c\ntry ( ,judea closes 7see idem1 #fc7 by in=m+ u :om ! inhabitants ( ,judah c\ld n drive out1 & z ! inhabitants ( ,g$> are n includ$ 9 su* li/1 x is to be presum$ t ! inhabitants ( ,g$> 7 s driv5 out at ! "t ( ,jo%ua2 & leaves u no?+ else to conclude ?an t1 :oev] !y 71 !y :o are spok5 ( 9 ?is passage1 z hav+ dwelt !re ( old1 7 ! p driv5 out by him4 ,b ,jo%4 xii4 #g1 #h in=ms u :o ! p 7 on ! we/ side ( ,jordan1 bo? 9 ! m\nta9s & valleys1 & names !m z ,hittites1 ,amorites1 ,canaanites1 ,p]izzites1 & ,hivites1 & ,jebusites2 & f ! #i? to ! #bd? gives u an acc\nt ( _! k+s1 among :om is nam$ ! k+ ( ,g$>1 :o 0 smitt5 & driv5 out4 ,x is immat]ial :i* ( ! tribes !y 74 ,!y 7 inhabitants ( ,pale/9e1 7see #b ,*ron4 xxviii4 #ah & #a ,*ron4 xxvii4 #bh17 ( ! l& ( ,canaan1 n ( s\?1 ea/1 nor ( nor!rn ,arabia1 nor ( ,egypt or any "p ( ,africa2 yet !y are emphatically spok5 ( z ( ,ham1 cle>ly hav+ ref]5ce to _! desc5t & col\r4 ,"h we h an additional key :]eby to unlock ! mean+ ( ?is ^w z us$ 9 ,psalms & ,g5esis4 ,!re c be no d\bt ^! primitive inhabitants ( ,g$> 7 ! desc5dants ( ,canaan4 ,yet !y are describ$ by ! same t]m :i* 9 o!r places is us$ to describe ! desc5dants ( ,cu% & ,mitsraim2 a t]m :i* mo/ unque/ionably det]m9es !m to h be5 black4 ,b ! ,coptic ^w *emi1 :i* we h se5 _h ! same significancy z ham 9 ,hebrew1 op5s to ! view ! real mean+ ( a few ,hebrio-,coptic words t grew into common use among ! ,hebrews subsequ5t to _! bondage 9 ,egypt4 ,we allude solely to ! d]ivatives ( ,*emi4 ,*em> is ?us d]iv$1 & occasionally us$ by ! holy writ]s to signify black2 ?us1 ,lam4 v4 #aj3 8,our sk9 0 black0 ni *em>u4 ,true1 "s h disput$ ! accuracy ( ?is translation4 ,!y take a cognate mean+1 & say our sk9 0 hot1 c4 ,we hope to be excus$ = adopt+ ! receiv$ v]sion4 ,b ei!r mean+ proves ! orig9 ( ! ^w f ! ,coptic *emi1 ! same z ! ham ( ! ,hebrews4 ,! fact is1 ! cognate mean+1 sometimes1 necess>ily =ces itself into an ,engli% translation1 z 9 ,g54 xliii4 #cj3 8,= 8 b[els did ye>n10 grew hot1 w>m$1 became agitat$1 c4 #a ,k+s iii4 #bf3 8,h] b[els ye>n$10 grew hot1 tr\bl$1 c42 & also ,hosea xi4 #h3 8,my rep5t+s are k9dl$10 became hot1 c4 ,b 9 all ^! in/ances ! figure ( spee* is m p>ticul>ly ,asiatic1 & m obscure ?an is well suit$ to our mod]n dialect1 z we ?9k w be se5 by comp>+ !m ) ,job iii4 #e1 8,let ! blackness ( ! day t]rify x40 ,f ?is ,coptic "n ( ,,ham has also be5 d]iv$ ! appellative t]m ( ! ,moabiti% & ,ammoniti% god ,*emo%4 ,! ,syrians appli$ ?is t]m to ! fanci$ be+ :o oppresses mank9d dur+ ! d>k h\rs ( _! sleep+1 & h5ce di/ress+ dreams1 incubus1 c4 ,*emo% is rank$ ) ! god ( de/ruction among ! ,h9doos1 ,muha ,dv4 ,! wor%ipp]s ( ?is god are 9 ,scripture call$ am ,*emo%1 ! p ( ,*emo%1 p>ticul>ly ! ,moabites & ,ammonites4 ,! image ( ?is god 0 a black /one4 ,! t]m appli$ to ! prie/hood 9 ?is wor%ip among ! black tribes is also d]ivative f ! same ,coptic ^w to :i* we h (t5 add$ 9 translation ! ^w 8idolatr\s40 ,?us1 #b ,k+s xxiii4 #e1 8& he put d[n ! idolatr\s prie/s ha *em>im40 ,hosea x4 #e1 8,& ! prie/s !re(0 4 ,zeph4 i4 #d1 8,& ! "n ( ! ,*em>ims10 ha ,*em>im1 i4 e4 ! prie/s ( ! ,hamitic fire-wor%ipp]s1 c4 ,"s comm5tators1 n connect+ ^! words ) ! ,coptic1 & ! prie/1 z ! t]m applies1 ) ! black families ( ,ham1 h conceiv$ t ! idea blackness1 z associat$ ) ^! idolatr\s prie/s1 _h ref]5ce to _! app>el4 ,h5ce !y conceive t ^! prie/s always wore black app>el2 :]eas ! fact is !y 7 black m51 &1 z su*1 are describ$ by a t]m indicat+ t fact1 z well z t ( _! idolatry & desc5t2 & "h we f9d ! f\ndation ( t mod]n & common prejudice1 t ! appropriate dress ( ! cl]gy is black4 ,b we f9d ano!r d]ivative f ! ^w ,ham1 ,g54 xxxviii4 #ac3 8,& x 0 told ,tam>1 say+1 ,behold ?y fa!r-9-law goe? up40 #be3 8,%e s5t to h] fa!r-9-law10 hemh ,s also #a ,sam4 iv4 #ai3 8,& t h] fa!r-9-law 0 dead40 #ba4 8,& because ( h] fa!r-9-law10 4 ,?is ^w is us$ 9 ! fem99e 9 ,micah1 vii4 #f1 ?us3 8,aga9/ h] "m-9-law10 la ham?a4 ,we notice ! ^w is prec$$ by ! ^w 1 :i* ^w1 9 ,g54 xxxviii4 #aa1 is appli$ to ,tam>1 & 9 ,j]4 ii4 #cb1 evid5tly to a 8bride0 tak5 f ! hea!n1 :i* 0 =bid2 & is also us$ 9 ,cant4 iv4 #h1 = ! 8sp\se10 :o is made to decl>e h]self a black woman1 giv+ evid5ce t ! ^w 9 ,micah is us$ 9 "*4 ,?is ^w is also us$ 9 ! fem99e 9 ,ru? i4 #ad3 8,& ,orpah kiss$ h] "m-9-law10 la hamo?a4 ii4 #aa3 8,all t ?\ ha/ done unto ?y "m-9-law10 hamo!k4 #ah3 8,& h] "m-9-law saw :at %e _h done10 hamo?a4 #ai3 8,& h] "m 9-law 7hamo?a7 said unto h]20 8& %e %[$ h] "m-9-law10 la hamo?a4 #bc3 8,& dwelt ) h] "m-9-law10 hamo?a4 iii4 #a3 8,!n ,naomi h] "m-9-law10 hamo?a4 #f3 8,all h] "m-9-law bade h]10 hamo?a4 #af3 8,& :5 %e came to h] "m-9-law10 hamo?a4 ,?is is c]ta9ly n ! mo/ usual ^w 9 ,hebrew to express ! idea ( p>5t-9-law4 ,b ^! in/ances ( its use are too frequ5t1 its decl9ation too v>i$1 & 9 bo? g5d]s1 to admit ! idea t !y are ! result ( error or casualty1 al?\gh "s lexicograph]s seem to reject x4 ,x may be notic$ t ! individual hold+ ! junior position 0 a female--t 9 ea* case ! p>5t-9-law 0 mo/ unque/ionably ( pure ,%emitic race4 ,b suspicion may at lea/ be all[$ to su* purity 9 ^! "y females4 ,tam>'s husb&s 7 half ( ,canaaniti% blood4 ,x w\ld be expect$ t %e 0 ( t race1 b if n1 h] int]m>riage ) ^? sons ( ,judah plac$ h] 9 t rank4 ,! sons ( ,eli 7 notori\sly wick$ & lic5ti\s1 & al?\gh ! wid[ ( ,ph9ehas appe>s to h be5 ( a dev\t ca/1 yet ,god _h det]m9$ to de/roy ! h\se ( ,eli on _! acc\nt1 & to wre/ ! prie/hood f ! family4 ,! suspicion z to h] race gr[s out ( ^! facts & ! "* ( h] husb&4 ,ru? 0 decl>$ly a ,moabitess1 & ,orpah 0 ( t c\ntry4 ,mu* might be said 9 fav\r ( ! position t 9 ^! cases ! p>5ts-9-law on ! husb&'s side 7 ( pure ,%emitic blood1 & ! rev]se z to ! daught]s-9-law4 ,n[ z ?is peculi> t]m is n[h]e else us$ 9 ! holy books1 are we n to suppose t ?is peculi> /ate ( facts is n[h]e else ?us describ$8 ,9 ,g54 xviii41 :5 ! fa!r-9-law ( ,moses is nam$1 ?is t]m is n us$1 b ! m usual "o2 & ! reason is because ! position ( ! p>ties is *ang$4 ,_h ! fa!r or "m ( ,moses be5 spok5 ( z ! p>5t-9-law ( ,zippora1 !n we may presume ?is peculi> t]m w\ld h be5 us$ & express$ ! fact z to ! di/9ction ( races2 t he w\ld h be5 call$ 1 & %e h] 4 ,& we n[ pres5t ! inquiry1 h[ came ! "n ( ,ham to be ?us comp\nd$ & us$ to express ?is p>ticul> position ( relation%ip & di/9ction ( race1 unless f ! fact t he _h plac$ 8 p>5ts 9 a simil> position1 liable to h be5 call$ by ^! peculi> t]ms8 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xvii4 ,hav+ ?us1 at "s l5g?1 pass$ ^! subjects 9 review1 we pres5t our reflections to ! imp>tial m9d4 ,b !re are gr[n up ^u ?is e>? "s m5 :o w\ld seem to be s holy & pure t ev5 ! provid5ces ( ,god are defective 9 _! sight1 & by _! conduct seem to ev9ce _! op9ion to be t ,jehovah c\ld n well manage ! gov]nm5t ( ! _w )\t _! especial c\nsel & aid4 ,& d su* really mean to condemn ,god1 unless 8 gov]nm5t %all comport ) _! views8 ,9 k9dness ( he>t1 & = ! b5efit ( su* poor fall5 ones1 we propose to close ?is our pres5t ,/udy by read+ to !m ! ?irty-?ird *apt] ( ,ecclesia/icus1 omitt+ ! five v]ses irrelevant to ! subject4 8,!re %all no evil happ5 unto him t fe>e? ! ,"l1 b 9 temptation ev5 aga9 he w deliv] him4 ,a wise man hate? n ! law2 b he t is a hypocrite !re9 is z a %ip 9 ! /orm4 ,a man ( und]/&+ tru/e? 9 ! law2 & ! law is fai?ful unto him z an oracle4 ,prep>e :at to say1 & s ?\ %alt be he>d2 & b9d up in/ruction1 & !n make answ]40 8,:y do? "o day excel ano!r1 :]e z all ! light ( e day 9 ! ye> is ( ! sun8 ,by ! k ( ! ,"l !y 7 di/+ui%$3 & he alt]$ seasons & fea/s4 ,"s ( !m ha? he made high days1 & hall[$ !m1 & "s ( !m ha? he made ord9>y days4 ,& all m5 are f ! gr\nd1 & ,adam 0 creat$ ( e>?4 ,9 mu* k ! ,"l ha? divid$ !m1 & made _! ways div]se4 ,"s ( !m ha? he bless$ & exalt$1 & "s ( !m ha? he sanctifi$1 & set ne> himself3 b "s ( !m ha? he curs$ & br\ght l[1 & turn$ !m out ( _! places4 ,z ! clay is 9 ! pott]'s h&1 to fa%ion x at 8 pleasure1 s is man 9 ! h& ( him t made him1 to r5d] to !m z like? him be/4 ,good is set aga9/ evil1 & life aga9/ dea?3 s is ! godly aga9/ ! s9n]1 & ! s9n] aga9/ ! godly4 ,s look ^u all ! works ( ! ,mo/ ,high2 & !re are two & two1 "o aga9/ ano!r4 ,i awak$ up la/ ( all1 z "o t ga!re? aft] ! grape-ga!r]s2 by ! bless+ ( ,god ,i pr(it$1 & fill$ my w9e-press1 l a ga!r] ( grapes4 ,consid] t ,i lab\r$ n = myself only1 b = all !m t seek le>n+4 ,he> me1 ,o ye great m5 ( ! p1 & he>k5 ) y\r e>s1 ye rul]s ( ! congregation40 8,9 all ?y works keep to ?yself ! pre-em95ce2 leave n a /a9 on ?y hon\r4 ,at ! "t :5 ?\ %alt end ?y days1 & f9i% ?y life1 di/ribute ?9e inh]itance4 ,fodd]1 a w& & burd5s1 are = ! ass2 & bread1 correction1 & "w1 = a s]vant4 ,if ?\ set ?y s]vant to lab\r1 ?\ %alt f9d re/1 b if ?\ let him g idle1 he %all seek lib]ty4 ,a yoke & a coll> to b[ ! neck1 s are tortures & torm5ts = an evil s]vant4 ,s5d him to lab\r1 t he be n idle2 = idl5ess tea*e? mu* evil4 ,set him to "w1 z is fit = him2 if he be n ob$i5t1 put on m fett]s4 ,b be n excessive t[>d any1 & )\t discretion d no?+4 ,if ?\ h a s]vant1 let him be unto !e z ?yself1 because ?\ ha/ b\ght him ) a price4 ,if ?\ h a s]vant1 entreat him z a bro!r3 = ?\ ha/ ne$ ( him z ?9e own s\l3 if ?\ entreat him evil1 & he run f !e1 :i* way wilt ?\ g to seek him40 ,! doctr9e is1 t man is n exempt f ! g5]al law1 t gov]ns ! animal _w2 t among all ! animat$ races ^u ?is e>?1 c]ta9 causes produce det]ioration2 & t x may take a long] c\rse ( "t = ! re/oration ( a deg5]ate race1 "u ! controll+ influ5ces ( opposite causes1 ?an ev5 t occupi$ 9 a d[nw>d direction4 8,quickly is ! desc5t made to hell2 b to recov] f ! fall1 & rega9 our =m] /&+1 is a lab\r1 a task inde$40 ,virgil4 ,9 %ort1 t s9 has a t5d5cy =c+ d[nw>d to moral & physical ru92 to det]iorate ! m5tal p[]s1 to rot1 to bla/1 z ) a mildew1 all animal p]fections2 to fill life ) disease & pa91 & its h\rs ) mis]y & wo1 & t x nev] will+ly ceases its iron hold until x c %ake h&s ) dea?4 ,t ,god1 9 m]cy1 by ! wisdom ( 8 provid5ce1 has contriv$ z x 7 a %ield1 %elt]+ poor fall5 man f ! action ( su* portion ( ?is deadly poison z w\ld h de/roy$ e hope ( int]cession1 & = ev] exclud$ f our view1 p]haps1 ev5 ! adv5t ( a ,savi\r4 ,:5 ! pati5t is dead1 ! physician is n call$4 ,! law :i* produc$ ! deluge & de/ruction ( ! ant$iluvian _w 0 a law e/abli%$ f all et]nity1 meet = j su* a case z ! moral & physical condition ( man !n 04 ,= ! sake ( t51 ,sodom w\ld n h be5 de/roy$2 b x 0 less ?an t5 = :om ! ,ark 0 provid$2 & we are to rememb] t quick ^u ! promise t all fle% 7 n aga9 to be ca/ (f1 ! l[e/ grade ( slav]y 0 promulgat$1 & its subjects ord]$ into ! protection ( ! ma/]2 & may we n h5ce inf] t slav]y is int5d$1 to "s ext5t1 z a prev5tive1 z a %ield aga9/ s98 ,& d we n notice t ?is %ield is m or less weighty1 m or less heavy to be borne1 z ! safety ( ! individual be>+ x may require2 & t x is s cunn+ly contriv$1 t its weight & burd5 are dim9i%$ 9 proportion z ! dang] abates8 8,he p\re? contempt ^u pr9ces1 & cause? !m to w&] 9 ! wild]ness :]e !re is no way2 yet sette? he ! poor on high f affliction1 & make? him families l a flock4 ,! righte\s %all see x & rejoice1 & all iniquity %all /op h] m\?4 ,:oso is wise1 & w obs]ve ^! ?+s1 ev5 !y %all und]/& ! lov+-k9dness ( ! ,"l40 ,ps4 cvii4 #dj-dc4 ,9 close1 we may ev]y:]e notice t "s among ! family ( man h become s poison$ ) s91 s de/roy$1 t !y are no long] safe gu>dians to !mselves1 ev5 "u ! g5]al int]dict1 t animal wants enslave u all4 ,t = su* ,god provides1 z ! g5]al safety may seem to require4 ,t1 9 ! hi/ory ( man1 "s races h become s det]iorat$ by a cont9u$ action 9 opposition to ! laws ( ,god1 t he has se5 fit to c>e = !m1 by plac+ !m "u ! control ( o!rs2 or by plac+ !m1 9 m]cy1 "u ! guidance ( a less det]iorat$ race1 :om1 no d\bt1 he holds responsible = ! good he int5ds !m4 ,& may we be p]mitt$ ( ! humble ,*ri/ian to inquire1 if ?is position pres5ts any ?+ contr>y to ! g5]al law ( b5evol5ce ( ! ,deity1--contr>y to ! welf>e ( man on e>?1 or 8 hopes ( heav58 ,w y reject ! doctr9e1 say+ ! biblical pro(s are too scatt]$1 too deeply buri$ "u ! du/ ( "t8 or1 because a prophet has n appe>$1 or "o aris5 f ! dead8 ,! geologi/1 f a few fragm5ts ( bone1 n[ dug f ! deep b[els ( ! e>?1 is able to set up ! osse\s frame1 to clo! ) muscle & s9ew1 & give "* to ! animals ( anci5t "t4 ,& %all x n be recollect$ by y1 :o are /riv+ to make y\r desc5dants ! v pr9ces ( intellect & tal5t1 t simil> rese>*es may be made 9 ! moral hi/ory ( man8 ,we submit ! =ego+1 confid5t1 al?\gh !re may be obscurity & d>kness yet surr\nd+ ! subject1 :i* we h n ! ability to dispel1 t ! "t w come1 :5 x w be made pla9 to ! und]/&+ ( all4 ,we !re=e resign ! subject1 t\*+ ! col\r ( ! desc5dants ( ,ham1 ( _! relation%ip ) ! family ( ,ca91 & ! ord9ances ( ,god influ5c+ _! condition 9 ! _w1 to ^? m le>n$1 m critical1 & ( m m5tal p[]1 & into ! h&s ( ^? ^: lips h be5 t\*$ by a m liv+ coal f ! alt> ( ! prophet4 ------------------------------------ ,/udy ,,vii4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,i4 ,9 ! inquiry into ! scriptural views ( slav]y1 by ,,alb]t ,,b>nes1 ,philadelphia1 #ahdf1 page #cbb1 we f9d ! foll[+ ass]tion3 8,no man has a "r to assume t :5 ! ^w 1 d\los1 occurs 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 x means a slave1 or t he to :om x 0 appli$ 0 a slave40 ,our object 9 our pres5t /udy is to prove t ?is ass]tion is n true2 & our object fur!r is to prove t :5 ! ^w 1 d\los1 occurs 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 x means a slave1 & t he to :om x 0 appli$1 z an appropriate di/9ctive quality1 0 a slave4 ,suppose "s infidel1 a monomaniac 9 ! /udy ( infidelity1 %\ld put =? ! proposition t :5 ! words ,jesus ,*ri/ occur 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 no "o _h ! "r to assume t !y meant ! ,messiah1 ! ,son ( ,god1 ! ,savi\r ( ! _w4 ,we %\ld feel x a ne$less lab\r to refute x2 a fooli%1 false ass]tion (t5 does n m]it or require refutation1 b ! falsity ( propositions may n be equally obvi\s to all1 z 9 ! pres5t case4 ,! premises include ! obs]vance ( ! con/itution1 idioms1 & use ( ! ,greek language4 ,to him ^: m9d c fla% ^u ! volume ( ,greek lit]ature1 l ! well-read s*oolboy ^u ! pages ( ,dilwor?1--our pres5t /udy & argum5t w be unnecess>y & useless2 b1 z unsav\ry z x may seem1 f ! evid5ce t rea*es u1 we d\bt :e!r ! great mass ( ^? call$ le>n$1 d n rememb] & practise _! ,greek only z ! old vet]ans 9 s9 d ! ev5+ & morn+ pray]s ( _! *ildhood4 ,b1 h[ev] t may be1 a great proportion ( u "k no language b our own1 & take on tru/ :at any ,magnus ,apollo may *oose to assume conc]n+ o!rs4 ,! ass]tions ( "o man1 unaccompani$ by evid5ce1 may excite little or no att5tion2 b we h se5 ! sub/ance ( ?is ass]tion put =? by ! abolition cl]gy 9 v>i\s small publications1 no d\bt hav+ great weight 9 _! imm$iate vic9age4 ,we fe> ^? :o sit "u su* tea*+ may grope 9 deep d>kness2 & may we humbly pray1 t1 l ! /roke ( ,jove1 ! light ( ! ,almighty may rea* !m f af>4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,ii4 ,:5 ! untru?fulness ( ! lesson taught involves a misconception ( ! "* & laws ( ,god1 its direct t5d5cy is to create 9 ! m9d an idea (1 we may say1 an image ( ,god & 8 laws1 z decid$ly diff]5t f him & 8 law z is ! lesson taught f ! tru?2 & "h1 p]haps1 ?r\gh all "t1 has be5 ! comm5cem5t ( idolatry4 ,is x n z mu* idolatry to wor%ip a false image ( ! m9d1 z x w\ld be an image ( wood or /one8 ,y tea* t 1 d\los1 does n mean slave 9 ! ^w ( ,god2 y consequ5tly tea* t ,god disapproves ( x1 & t 8 laws =bid x4 ,we say ! exact contr>y4 ,x is !re=e evid5t t ! idea1 ! image we =m 9 ! m9d ( our ,god1 is q diff]5t f ! idea y =m 9 y\r m9d ( y\r ,god4 ,b ,god _c possess a contradiction 9 quality2 !re=e ! ,god we wor%ip mu/ be a diff]5t ,god f ! ,god y wor%ip4 ,b !re c be b "o ,god2 !re=e y\r ,god is a false ,god1 or our ,god is a false ,god4 ,y are an idolat]1 or we are "o4 ,& %all x be said t our language is too /rong8--unnecess>ily extreme 9 its d5unciation8--unw>rant$ by ! views1 by ! language held by ! advocates ( abolition & ! fri5ds ( ! anti-slav]y movem5ts n[ 9 action 9 ! ,nor!rn sections ( our c\ntry8 ,he> ! proclamation ( ,mr4 ,wright1 an eloqu5t speak]1 be=e ! ,anti-,slav]y ,society1 z report$ 9 ! ,bo/on pap]s1 ,may #cj?1 #ahej3 8,d[n ) y\r ,bible6--d[n ) y\r political p>ties6--d[n ) y\r ,god t sanctions slav]y6 ,! ,god ( ,moses ,/u>t1 ! ,&ov] ,god1 ! ,god ( ,william ,h4 ,rog]s1 :i* is wor%ipp$ 9 ! ,w9t]-/reet ,*ur*1 is a mon/]1 compos$ ( oppression1 fraud1 inju/ice1 pollution1 & e crime1 9 ! %ape ( slav]y4 ,to su* a ,god ,i am an a!i/40 ,?us ! enemies ( ,jehovah give rapid pro( ( _! idolatry4 ,x may be well "h to rem>k1 t ! doctr9e ?us /range & a/ray f tru?1 may be expect$ to engraft itself ^u su* intellects z are l$ to ! conclusion t man possesses )9 himself an un]r+ guide betwe5 "r & wrong1--a doctr9e :i* to u appe>s deeply fraught ) ru9 to ! individual1 & degradation to public morals4 ,we !re=e condemn1 mo/ decid$ly1 ! doctr9e t man possesses a m5tal p[] call$ 8moral s5se10 8consci5ce10 or ! 8light )9 u10 :i* enables him un]r+ly to decide on "r & wrong4 ,y may z well say x w always enable him to disc]n ! tru?4 ,nor d we compreh5d h[ ! m9d c ent]ta9 su* a notion1 unless ! intellect is ?us impressible t ! m9d c believe 9 ! exi/5ce ( :at w\ld be a si/] faculty1 clairvoyance1 or a ?\s& o!r su* fantasies4 ,man possesses no p[] by :i* he c "k ,god1 only z he has reveal$ himself by inspiration & by ! daily manife/ations ( 8 law4 ,we pref] to wor%ip ! ,god ( ,abraham & ,moses1 :o gave !m directions h[ slaves %\ld be gov]n$1 & ( :om !y %\ld be pur*as$3--! ,god ( ! ,bible1 9 :i* he has pla9ly reveal$ ! reason :y !y are slaves4 ,! hi/ory ( ! human intellect gives pro( t among its /rong *>act]i/ics is a desire1 a fondness to se>* into my/]y4 ,:ile ?is quality /imulates to inquiry aft] tru?1 9 well organiz$ m9ds1 x is an important means ( man's improvem5t & progression4 ,b 9 ! abs5ce ( all guides :i* c direct ! pa? to successful inquiry1 or by ! sub/itution ( false lights1 man has ev] gone a/ray4 ,"h idolatry comm5ces h] reign4 ,! condition ( man1 f ! mo/ exalt$ in/ance ( m5tal p[]1 d[n to ! mo/ abject degradation ( ! ,african savage1 is = ev] m>k$ & locat$ by ! fact1 :e!r ! guides to tru? 9 _! influ5ce on him & 8 race h be5 univ]sal1 or only occasional2 :e!r _! influ5ce has be5 obey$ only at di/ant p]iods1 or at all times reject$4 ,x is ! law ( ,god1 man %all n progress to greatness only "u ! guidance ( tru?2 "u ! guidance ( falsehood1 man deg5]ates to insignificance1 crime1 slav]y1 or to +lori\s dea?4 ,we d n propose t any man or any race has1 )\t exception1 be5 "u ! con/ant influ5ce ( ^? axioms t guide ! m9d along ! ?read ( tru?2 b t "s m5 & "s races h deviat$ f> m ?an o!rs1 & t ! effect ( su* diff]5ce is q p]ceptible4 ,"s races h become highly improv$1 :ile o!rs only give evid5ce t !y belong to ! animal race ( m54 ,di/9ctions f ?is s\rce arose betwe5 ,ca9 & ,abel2 betwe5 ! sons ( ,noah1 ,abraham1 & ! fire-wor%ipp]s ( 8 day2 betwe5 ,jacob & ,esau2 & betwe5 ! ,israelites & ! idolat]s ( ! surr\nd+ ,hamitic tribes4 ,?is love ( se>*+ into my/]y )\t us+ ! aids to f9d tru?1 has at all times ( ! _w1 :5 supreme p[] 0 ! object ( contemplation1 l$ m5 to idolatry1 sometimes ( ! grosse/ k9d2 to ! belief 9 my/]i\s influ5ces1 sup]natural ag5cies1 ( spirits & demons1 magic1 wit*craft1 c4 ,to ! same ord] ( causes we are to attribute ! s5tim5t ent]ta9$ by "s1 t c]ta9 portions ( ,scripture & c]ta9 words sometimes conta9 unkn[n1 hidd51 secret1 or my/]i\s mean+s or in/ructions4 ,su* views involve ! proposition t su* words1 :5 us$ 9 ! ,scripture1 h a diff]5t mean+ ?an :5 o!rwise us$ by m51 & are to be translat$ into ano!r language by sub/itut+ diff]5t ideas ?an ^? express$ by su* words :5 us$ by man 9 8 own oral or writt5 language4 ,d !y =get t ! language ( man is ! language ( ,god8 ,t revelation is always adapt$ to ! und]/&+ ( m58 ,!y =get to "k ?is fir/1 t no prophecy ( ! ,scripture is ( any private int]pretation4 ,x happ5s t m5 take _! own circumscrib$ view ( ! provid5ce ( ,god1 z ,god's ord9ance t\*+ a matt]1 & if ,scripture is 9 contradiction1 !n !y se>* = my/]i\s or unusual mean+1 & give x su* int]pretation z !y imag9e suits ! case4 ,h5ce !ologians :o d5y t slav]y is ( ,div9e au?ority1 are l$ to ! necessity ( also d5y+ t ! ,greek ^w 1 d\los1 means slave2 or t1 9 its v]bal =mation1 x expresses a cognate action4 ,! frequ5cy ( ! use ( ?is ^w 9 ! copies ( ! anci5t ,greek ,te/am5t1 z left u 9 ! evangelical writ+s ( ! apo/les2 ! v>i$ mann] 9 :i* !y h appli$ ! t]m1 9 figurative illu/ration1 9 comp>ison1 9 ! mo/ simple explanations1 z well z 9 ! expression ( ! primitive idea :i* !y int5d$ to convey by x1 w\ld seem to be suffici5t pro( t :atev] su* primitive idea may h be51 yet t x surely 0 9 exact con=mity to ! common & receiv$ op9ion ( its signification among ^? :o wrote 9 & us$ ! ,greek language4 ,?is is v cle>1 s9ce x is (t5 us$ & address$ to ! ,greeks !mselves1 insomu* t no tem]ity has ev] yet ass]t$ t ?is ^w is ( diff]5t import :5 f\nd 9 ! writ+s ( ! apo/les ?an :5 f\nd 9 ! ,greek au?ors g5]ally4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,iii4 ,! ,greek n\n 1 d\los1 :i* we say means a slave unconditionally1 s f> z we h be5 able to exam9e1 took its orig91 bo? phonetically & lit]ally1 among ! ,greeks4 ,let u take 1 z !me = 1 & 1 or f ! radical 1 l3 bo? phonetically & significantly ! ^w is complete4 ,at ! mo/ anci5t p]iod ( ! ,greeks1 x is said !y _h no slaves1 & x is a little rem>kable t ! ^w 8d\los0 is v seldom f\nd 9 ! mo/ anci5t ( ! ,greek writ]s3 b o!r nations m advanc$ _h slaves4 ,! idea1 slave1 0 !n express$ by !m by ! t]m 1 dmos1 evid5tly ( =eign orig94 ,?is latt] t]m 0 ne>ly or q obsolete z e>ly z ! days ( ,alex&]1 :5 ! ^w d\los is f\nd to h tak5 its place4 ,! anci5t & ,ea/]n nations 7 p>ticul> 9 _! cu/om ( ba?+ _! bodies & wa%+ _! feet1 c4 ,"o ( ! fir/ & mo/ important uses to :i* ! e>ly ,greeks seem to h appli$ slaves1 0 9 ^! p]sonal purifications2 & h5ce ! peculi> "n orig9at$2 -1 "o ^: (fice x 0 to ba! & wa% !m1 a bondman = t p>ticul> use4 ,!re is no in/ance 9 :i* ,hom] has us$ ! ^w incompatible ) su* an association4 ,! mo/ affect+1 we may say afflict+1 circum/ance 9 :i* he has introduc$ ! ^w is ! p>t+ ( ,hector & ,&roma*e2 :5 ,hector1 anticipat+ 8 own dea?1 & ! probability ( h] be+ made a slave to ! ,greeks1 emphatically lam5ts h] be+ compell$ to c>ry wat] = h] ma/]1 z if t 0 a p>ticul> employm5t 9 :i* ! d\los 0 engag$4 ,b x does n affect ! =ce ( our argum5t1 ev5 if x %all be ?\ght t ! orig9 we give ! ^w is d\btful4 ,all we at ! pres5t mom5t propose is1 t x is an orig9al ,greek t]m1 all ( :i* t]ms1 ei!r remotely or imm$iately1 spr+ f p>ticles hav+ a significant & phonetic relation ) ! d]ivative4 ,su* has be5 ! doctr9e ( all :o h writt5 ^u ! philology & orig9 ( ! ,greek language4 ,valck5a]us 7! edition ( ,v5ice1 publi%$ by ,coletos7 says1 p4 #h-- 8,v]ba simplicia apud ,grcos sunt vel #8primitiva1' vel a primitivis p] v>ios flexus #8d]ivata4' 8,primitiva v]ba admodum sunt #8pauca3' #8d]ivatorum' num]us e/ inf9itus4 8#8,b9' lit]>um syllab v]bum primitivum con/ituunt4 8,v]ba primitiva1 secundum obs]vationem t]tiam1 dissyllaba sunt vel #8bilitt]a1' vel trilitt]a1 vel quadrilitt]a4 8,primitiva #8bilitt]a1' p] rei naturam1 d>i possunt 9 univ]sum 7si vel totam l+uam p]scrutemur7 tantum qu9que1 nempe 11 11 ,primitiva #8trilitt]a' sunt1 qu a #8vocali1' #8quadrilitt]a' 7pl]aque saltem7 qu a #8consonante1' incipiunt4 ,hoc c]tum e/3 s$ de eo etiamnum addubito1 an nonnulla v]ba #8qu9que' litt]is con/antia pro #8primitivis' debeant hab]i80 c4 ,& ,l5nepius1 de ,anologia ,l+u ,grc1 7eadem editio17 p4 #ch3 8,cognita lit]>um pote/ate1 e>umque antiquitate1 ad primas l+u ,grc orig9es indag&as progr$i5dum e/4 ,vid5dum itaque primo loco1 qunam voces pro #8simplicissimis orig9ibus' hab]i poss9t1 qunam m9us8 ,hoc autem ut rite p]agatur1 qudam de #8p>tibus orationis' ante sunt mon5da4 8,ex viii4 p>tibus quas vulgo /atuunt grammatici1 #8,v]bum et ,nom5' pr9cipem obt95t locum3 quum reliqu omnes facillime ad h>um p>tium alt]utram ref]i poss9t4 ,quapropt] etiam #8,ari/oteles1' aliique de vet]ibus1 rev]a #8duas' tantum esse #8p>tes orationis' volu]unt4 8,addunt quidem alii t]tiam p>tem1 utriusque1 nempe et #8v]bi et nom9is1 ligam5tum1' sive p>ticulas1 quod1 nempe1 p>ticul orationem 9 unum corpus veluti connectant et dev9ciant4 ,s$1 qui att5tius #8p>ticul>um' naturam inspex]it1 facile animadv]tat1 omnia f]e1 qu #8p>ticul>um' nom9e insigniuntur1 si #8ext]iorem =mam' eorumque naturam grammaticam inspiciamus1 ref]5da esse vel ad #8nom5' vel ad #8v]bum4' 8,ita v]bi gr43 p>ticula 1 ,lat4 igitur1 rev]a p>ticipium e/1 contracta pro 1 quod neutrum a masculo e/1 quo modo p>ticipium v]bi 1 vel 1 pronunti>unt ,iones1 quum ,attici contrax]9t 9 4 ,app>et itaque1 ,grcum rev]a p]t9]e ad nom9a p>ticipialia4 ,eadem ratio c]nitur quoque 9 p>ticulis 1 1 1 qu #8adv]bia loci' dicuntur1 quorum duo priora proprie #8dativa antiqua' sunt1 po/remum v]o g5itivus e/2 quemadmodum similis ratio c]nitur 9 adv]biis qu dicuntur #8,loci' apud ,lat9os1 qu1 qu1 et similibus4 8,ad #8v]ba' porro ref]5da sunt 1 1 1 1 vel 1 et plura alia similia1 id quod 9 aliis cl>ius1 9 aliis m9us manife/o1 app>et4 ,horum tam5 omnium rationem e&em fuisse 9 prima l+u ,grc infantia1 non e/ quod dubitemus4 8,hc igitur quum rev]a sic sese habeant1 jam porro inquir5dum e/1 utrum v]ba1 an v]o nom9a1 #8primas' l+u ,grc /irpes nobis subm9i/r5t4 8,docet autem ipsa rei natura1 si de #8simplicissimis' v]bis s]mo fiat1 #8nom9a' a #8v]bis1' non v]ba a nom9ibus1 primum esse =mata4 8,quum enim omnes res vocabulis1 tanquam nom9ibus1 signat1 ab usu qui s+ulis ade/1 vel quacumque etiam actione1 nom9a1 sua accep]9t3 cl>e app>et1 sicut ipsam actionem unde res d5om9ata sit1 ita etiam v]bum1 quo actio designetur1 prc$]e nom9i1 quod ab actione aliqua rei sit inditum4 ,atque hoc adeo c]tum e/1 non solum 9 l+ua ,grca1 s$ etiam omnibus omn9o l+uis1 ut extra omnem controv]siam positum esse videatur3 nisi quis delabatur illuc1 ut l+uas integras1 qua late pat5t1 nullo artificio humano acc$5te1 uno temporis articulo hom9ibus div9itus datas esse1 eosque /atim caluisse tot myriadas quot 9 s+ulis l+uis sunt vocabulorum2 tametsi res ipsas vocabulis i/is design&as pl]osque primos hom9es ignorasse c]tum e/4 8,hoc autem quam sit rationi contr>ium1 atque ipsi exp]i5ti1 facile app>et1 si modo consid]emus1 ea ratione multa vocabula exi/]e jam debuisse priusquam eorum utilitas int] hom9es ulla esset1 quque pro9de1 non nisi vani et inutiles soni1 facile et s9e ulla jactura d$isc5da fuiss5t4 8,qu9 imo exp]i5tia abunde docet1 primum res ipsas inv5iri hom9um indu/ria1 de9de autem inv5tis nom9a imponi1 sive ab utilitate sive alia qualitate ducta4 ,ex quo porro app>et1 quo plures res ab aliquo populo inv5iantur1 eo ditiorem et ub]iorem eorum l+uam fi]i1 ut adeo mir&um non sit tantam esse l+u ,grc copiam et ub]tatem1 quum exculta ea fu]it a populo +5iosissimo1 cui omnes artes et discipl9 non tantum primordia sua1 s$ etiam omnem f]e spl5dorem1 deb5t4 ,l+uas itaque dilig5t] consid]anti1 idem quod 9 artibus1 9 iis quoque usu v5ire app>ebit3 eas nimirum a paucis simplicissimisque initiis pr(ectas1 non nisi s5sim et progressu temporis ad eam qua po/ea patu]unt amplitud9em p]v5isse4 ,quum autem hom9um natura ita sit comp>ata1 ut primum eas res circumspiciat1 qu necess>io ad vitam su/5t&am1 et cum aliis quibuscum homo societatis v9culo conjunctus e/ secure ag5dam1 requirantur1 de9 v]o ea excogitat qu vitam jucundiorem poss9t r$d]e1 valde v]isimile fit vocabula ea 9 l+uis antiquissima esse quibus res designantur ad vitam deg5dam necess>i1 si recess]is ab iis vocabulis1 qu 9 antiquissimorum vocabulorum locum de9ceps sub/itute sunt1 ut rev]a hujus g5]is mult vocabulorum =m inv5iantur1 qu v]borum obsoletorum locum occupav]unt4 8,porro non ali5um erit hic obs]vasse non tantum ejusmodi vocabula antiquissima exi/im>i deb]e1 s$ etiam #8ipsas' significationes v]bis subjectas tanto antiquioris usus esse1 tantoque magis proprias esse hab5das1 quanto sunt propiores iis rebus quas corporis s5sibus p]cipimus4 ,ab iis enim semp] s]vata quadam similitud9e ad reliquas quascumque v]borum significationes progr$i5dum e/3 ut adeo app>eat1 paucissimas rev]a esse proprias v]borum #8significationes1' nec alias esse nisi corporeas1 sive eas quibus res s5sibus ext]nis exposit designantur4 8,e contr>io autem1 translat>um significationum copiam imm5sam1 qu ex propria notione1 tanquam ex trunco arboris rami1 quaquav]sum pateant2 man5te similitud9e int] eas omnes et propriam seu primam /irpis significationem1 similit] atque rami1 utcumque disp]si1 et communem et communis trunci naturam ret95t4 8,ex 8 prt]ea intelligitur ea v]ba1 qu a ,grcis vocantur1 sic dicta quia a #8nom9e' vel #8sono' =m5tur1 #8propriam' eam significationem qu soni1 unde facta sunt1 naturam ref]at4 ,quorum v]borum num]us +5s rev]a 9 l+uis e/1 et longe major quam vulgo cr$i solet4 ,s$1 ut ad propositum r$eamus1 ex iis qu supra dicta sunt1 cl>e app>et1 simplicissimas orig9es non posse repeti nisi ab ejusmodi v]bis1 quibus actiones ips signific5tur2 adeoque a v]bis sic proprie dictis4 8,quumque actiones inf9it1 sive nulli c]t p]son adsignat1 p] rei naturam antec$]e debeant iis qu c]t p]son attribuuntur1 v]ba #8inf9itiva' simplicissima proprie primas l+u ,grc orig9es cont9]e c]tum e/4 8,h>um autem plurim1 quum jam a longissimis temporibus1 una cum pl]isque notionibus propriis1 ex usu cecid]9t1 ac difficillima spe indagatu s9t1 quo c]tiores progr$i possimus1 id semp] t55dum e/1 ne quidquam admittamus quod con/anti analogi l+u repugnet2 de9 etiam1 ut ex ipsis l+u reliquiis1 rite int] se comp>atis1 inquiramus a quo v]bo orig9ali vocabulum quodque oriatur3 etiam tum1 quum m9us ipsum v]bum orig9ale sup]/es sit4 8,ubi enim 9 sequ5tibus agetur de #8simplicissimis' v]bis #8primitivis1' id non ita accipi5dum e/ quasi ea omnia1 sicut etiam multa d]ivata simpliciora1 flor5te l+ua ,grc1 9 s]mone ,gracorum adhuc ex/itisse vellem2 s$ tantum1 9 primo l+u ,grc ortu1 aut ex/itisse rev]a aut saltem exi/]e potuisse4 ,neque enim1 9 hoc l+u ,grc defectu1 que c]to sciri pote/1 an tanta copia1 quantam f+]e v]borum p] l+u naturam con/anti analogi ductu liceat1 prima l+u ,grc tate reipsa vigu]it40 99 99 99 99 99 ,our object is "h to pres5t ! ,greek s*ol>1 :o may n h reflect$ on ! subject1 su* sugge/ions z w lead him to p]ceive t 1 d\los1 is an orig9al ,greek ^w1 n borr[$2 & al?\gh he may n agree ) u 9 ! d]ivation ( ! t]m1 yet t he may readily satisfy himself :at is ! true d]ivation4 ,x is true1 ,s*eidius1 9 8 8,animadv]siones ad analogiam l+u ,grc10 has criticiz$ ! views ( ,l5nepius1 & has devot$ ne> ?irty pages to t :i* is our quotation f him2 & we did fancy1 ^u its exam9ation1 t he _h r e/abli%$ ?an weak5$ ! argum5t ( ,l5nepius3 9 fact we did propose to quote him z au?ority2 b to ! mo/ ( u long quotations1 9 a language to u unkn[n1 are q objectionable4 ,we !re=e ref] to 8 "w1 pp4 #bdf to #bge1 apud ,padd5burg et filium1 #agij1 8,traiecti ad ,rh5um40 ,x has be5 said by "s ( ^? :o cont5d t 1 :5 f\nd 9 ! ,greek ,te/am5t1 does n mean slave1 t ! ,greek1 l all o!r languages ( mod]n date1 is a compilation f ! m anci5t ones2 & s9ce ! ,greeks at an e>ly day _h no slaves1 x is evid5t1 x is good pro( t ! m anci5t tribes1 f :om !y & _! language desc5d$1 _h none2 & 9 all su* e>ly p]iods ( ! _w m5 nev] _h words 9 _! language to express ?+s :i* did n exi/ among !m1 ( :i* !y c\ld h no idea4 ,!re=e c\ld n h meant slave1--8an idea ( :i* !y _h no notion40 ,ev5 if ?is /atem5t 7 true1 we d n p]ceive h[ x proves _! proposition4 ,to %[ ! futility ( su* argum5t1 we cons5t1 = ! mom5t1 t is n an orig9al ,greek ^w1 b 0 borr[$ f "s o!r language1 9 :i* x meant some?+ di/9ct f ! idea ( slave3 say1 a freeman1 if y *oose4 ,language1 & all its p>ts1 has ev] be5 f\nd to con=m itself to ! habits & wants ( ^? :o use x4 ,:]e=e we (t5 f9d a t]m1 :i* "s c5turies ago express$ a c]ta9 di/9ct idea1 n[ to express q a diff]5t "o4 ,we !re=e _c say1 ) any propriety1 t1 because ! ^w meant a 8freeman10 at ! age ( ,noah1 t x also meant ! same ?+ at ! age ( ,alex&]4 ,if x meant a 8freeman0 at ! age ( ,noah1 we are to det]m9e t fact by its use at t p]iod2 if o!rwise1 we %\ld be able to prove t our ^w slave does n mean a slave n[1 b a pr\d & l(ty di/9ction4 ,x is a t]m borr[$ f ! ,s*lavonic1 :]e its significance 0 fame1 r5[n1 c42 b ! ,s*lavonians go+ into bondage to o!r nations1 ^u _! inroads on ,europe1 ! t]m imply+ fame 9 _! anci5t national di/9ctions came to signify 9 succe$+ ages ! condition ( bondage4 ,b al?\gh1 z we h se51 a language is modifi$ by ! habits ( ^? :o apply x1 yet ?is liability to *ange ceases :5 ! language ceases to be ! common vehicle ( ?\ght4 ,su* sub/antially has be5 ! case ) ! anci5t ,hebrew1 s9ce ! era ( ! prophets2 & su* has1 emphatically1 be5 ! case ) ! anci5t ,greek s9ce ! break+ d[n ( ! ,roman ,empire4 ,& ev5 at ! age ( ! apo/les1 ! ,greek _h already arriv$ at ! v highe/ po9t ( its cultivation4 ,no hi/ory1 no writ] gives pro( ( any subsequ5t improvem5t4 ,if1 !n1 we desire ) s]i\sness & tru? to det]m9e ! significance ( any t]m !n 9 use1 ! same is alone to be f\nd by an inve/igation ( ! ,greek lit]ature ( t age4 ,!re are two modes by :i* an idea express$ 9 "o language is expla9$ 9 ano!r4 ,:]e bo? languages conta9 words ( synonym\s mean+1 !n ! express+ ! idea ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! words 9 ano!r language1 is prop]ly :at we mean by 8translation40 ,b 9 _m in/ances1 ! second language conta9s no ^w or words :i* are synonymes ( ! t]m by :i* ! idea is express$ 9 ! language :i* we wi% to translate4 ,9 t case we c accompli% ! object only by transf]r+ ! t]m express+ ! idea f ! "o language to ! o!r4 ,example3--,:5 ! ,fr5* exhibit$ to ! natives "h a padlock1 ! natives associat$ ! ?+ ) _! idea ( ! tortoise1 f ! fanci$ me*anical resemblance1 & ) !m ! "n ( ! "o became ! "n ( ! o!r also4 ,b :5 we exhibit$ to !m a /eamboat1 !y f\nd _! language de/itute ( any ^w to express _! idea ( ! ?+ exhibit$2 consequ5tly1 !y transf]r$ into _! own language ! ^w /eamboat1 to express ! new idea4 ,) a view to be enabl$ to come to a tru?ful decision z to ! def9it5ess ( ! idea int5d$ to be convey$ by ! ^w d\los1 :5 us$ 9 ! writ+s ( ! apo/les1 let u make a suitable inquiry among ! ,greek au?ors read & /udi$ at _! "t1 reg>dless ( :at may be ! result z to ! e/abli%m5t ( any peculi> !ory or fav\rite notion4 ,let a developm5t ( ! tru? be ! sole object ( ! rese>*1 c>eless ( :at else may /& or fall !reby4 ,& s9ce all h n *os5 to burd5 !mselves ) ! toilsome lesson necess>y 9 a prep>ation = su* exam9ation1 we cons5t t su* may pass x by ) ! same indiff]5ce ) :i* !y reg>d ! /udy4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,iv4 ,we comm5ce our quotations f ! ,greek au?ors ) ! ,cebetis ,tabula1 f ! ,gronovius edition1 ,glasg[1 #agdg3 ,p4 #ag4---- ' 1 1 ' 1 1 4 ,p4 #cd4 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 ' 1 1 1 4 s*ylus1 ,prome!us ,*a9$4 ,l9e #dfc3 4 ,9 8 ,*phoroi l9e #ge3 1 1 ' 1 4 ,burney translates ?is passage ?us3 ,et5im e domo pat]na s]vilem indux]am sortem1 /at ju/e et inju/e1 conv5i5t] orig9i me1 eorum qui vi agunt laud>e ac]bum m5tis odium corc5ti4 ,l9e #acc4 --:i* ! same au?or translates1 ,et ego quidem pro s]va habeor4 ,anacreon1 ,sur l',am\r ,esclave3 1 1 4 1 1 4 ,lucian1 ,dialogues ( ! ,gods--,jove1 sculapius1 & ,h]cules3 1 1 4 ,translation3 ,ego v]o1 si nihil aliud1 neque s]vivi quemadmodum tu1 c4 ,m]cury & ,maia3 ---- 1 ,ut 9 t]ris sol5t1 qui malam s]vitutem s]viunt4 ,*>on sive ,contemplantes4 ,m]cury3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ,nescis enim quot propt]ea bella exi/ant1 et insidi1 latroc9ia1 p]juria1 cdes1 v9cula1 navigatio long9qua1 m]catur1 s]vitutes d5ique8 ,cataplus sive ,tyrannus3 ,clo?o -- 4 1 4 ,audi1 magis enim iis auditis lugebis3 uxorem tuam ,midas habebit1 s]vus qui olim adult]io illi cognitus e/4 ,megap5!s4-- 1 1 1 1 4 ,vel privatum me facito1 ,p>ca1 paup]um unum1 vel s]vum1 pro eo1 qui rex nup] fui4 ,necyomantia1 ,m5ippus3 99 99 99 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 ,un autem omnes puniebantur1 reges1 s]vi1 satrap1 paup]es1 divites1 m5dici2 cunctosque pnitebat patratorum2 nonnullos agnovimus etiam conspicati1 eorum de num]o scilicet qui nup] vitam f9i]ant2 illi v]o pr pudore vultus tegebant seseque av]tebant2 quod si =te respic]5t1 valde quidem s]vilem 9 modum1 atque adulatorie1 illi ipsi1 qui fu]ant qum putas graves et sup]bi aliorum contemtores 9 hac vita4 ,deorum ,comitia3 ,momus3 99 99 99 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' 4 ,pro9de ,scy? ac ,gete hc illorum vid5tes1 longum nobis val]e jussis1 immortalitati se donant1 et deos quoscunque volu]9t f]is suffragiis consalutant1 eodem modo quo ,zamolxis etiam1 s]vus cum esset1 9 album nescio quomodo delitesc5s1 irrepsit4 ,demo/h5es4 ,leipsic ,ed4 #ahbi1 9 #d vols4 ,vol4 i4 ,olyn?iac #b;d4 99 99 99 --:i* ,lel& translates ?us3 99 99 99 8or t ! ,!ssalians1 :o h be5 s basely1 s undes]v$ly enslav$1 w\ld n gladly embrace _! fre$om40 ,p4 #gj4---- 1 c4 ,philippic #d?1 p4 #adb4---- 4 ,p4 #adh4---- 1 c4 ,idem4---- 4 ,idem1 p4 #adi4---- 1 1 c4 ,idem1 p4 #aeh4 99 99 99 4 ,idem4---- ' 4 ,idem1 p4 #aei4---- 4 ,on ! ,treaty ) ,alex&]1 p4 #bbg4 99 99 99 4 ,idem1 p4 #bbi4---- ' 1 c4 ,de ,corona1 p4 #bjh4----' 1 1 ' 1 c4 ,idem4----' 1 1 c4 ,idem1 p4 #bhi4----' 1 1 c4 ,idem1 p4 #cji4---- 4 ,idem1 p4 #cae4---- 4 ,idem1 p4 #caf4----' 4 ,idem4---- 1 1 4 ,idem1 p4 #cdc1 79 ! ,epitaph47---- 1 c4 ,idem1 p4 #cde4---- 4 ,oratio de ,falsa ,legatione1 vol4 ii4 p4 #cg4---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 ,idem1 p4 #ed4---- 1 1 1 1 4 ,idem1 p4 #fj4----' 1 4 ,idem1 p4 #gh4---- 1 4 ,idem1 p4 #ie4 4 1 1 ' ' 1 4 ,idem1 p4 #ig4---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' 4 ,oratio adv]sus ,lept9em1 p4 #agd4---- ' 1 ' 1 ' 2 ,oratio contra ,midiam1 p4 #bjg4---- ' 1 1 1 4 99 99 99 4 1 ' 4 ,p4 #bjh4 4-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 99 99 99 1 1 1 4 ,p4 #bji4---- ' 4 ,p4 #baj4---- 1 1 4 ,idem1 p4 #bec4----1 1 1 4 ,oratio adv]sus ,&rotionem1 p4 #bic4---- 1 1 1 1 1 c4 ,idem4---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 ,idem1 p4 #bie4----' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 ,idem1 p4 #bih4---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 ,idem1 p4 #bii4---- ' 1 ' 1 1 1 1 ' 1 c4 ,oratio adv]sus ,timocratem1 vol4 iii4 p4 #abh4---- 1 1 1 1 1 4 ,idem1 p4 #acc4---- 1 4 ,idem1 p4 #ada4---- ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' 4 ,oratio ,,iii4 adv]sus ,aphobum1 p4 #bdb4---- ' 1 ' 1 c4 ,idem1 p4 #bdc4---- 4 ,idem1 p4 #bdg4---- 1 1 ' 1 c4 ,oratio ,i4 adv]sus ,onetorem1 p4 #bff4---- 1 4 99 99 99 1 ' 1 4 ,oratio 9 ,phormionem1 vol4 iv4 p4 #ac4---- ' 1 99 99 99 ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 1 ' 4 ,oratorio 9 ,pantannetum1 p4 #hj4---- 1 1 1 2 ,oratio 9 ,mac>tatum1 p4#agc4---- 1 ' 4 ,oratio 9 ,/ephanum1 ,i4 p4 #bag4---- 1 1 1 1 4 ,idem1 p4 #bca4---- 1 ' 1 1 1 1 1 99 99 99 ' 1 4 ,idem1 p4#bcd4---- 1 1 4 ,idem1 p4 #bce4---- 1 1 ' 1 4 99 99 99 1 ' 1 ' 1 ' 4 ,oratio 9 ,timo!um1 p4 #cab4---- 1 ' 1 1 1 1 1 c4 ,sophocles1 ,electra1 l9e #had3 1 4 ,?is ,franckl9 translates ?us3 8,left at la/1 a slave to ^? :om mo/ on e>? ,i hate40 ,antigone1 l9e #bjb4---- 4 ,franckl9 ?us--8,& made y slaves40 ,idem1 l9e #dgh4 ' 4 ,?us--8',tis n = slaves to be s haughty40 ,idem1 l9e #eag4---- 1 ' 4 ,?us--8,he 0 a bro!r1 n a slave40 ,idem1 l9e #gef4---- 1 4 ,?us--8,?9k n to make me ?us ?y scorn & laught]1 ?\ woman's slave40 ,ajax1 l9e #dhi4---- ' 4 ,?us--8,?\gh n[ a wret*$ slave40 #dii4---- 4 ,?us--8,& ?y lov$ son %all eat ! bread ( slav]y40 #ajbj4---- ' 4 ,franckl9 ?us----8,& to slav]y doom$40 #abce4----' 2 ,?us----8,%all we be ?us insult$ by our slaves80 #abhi4---- 1 4 ,?us----8,i am a slave1 born ( a b>b>ian "m40 ,o$ipus ,tyrannus1 l9e #ajfb---- 1 ' 1 4 ,?us----8,7 ,i desc5d$ f a race ( slaves1 'tw\ld n di%on\r !e40 #aabc4---- 1 1 ' 4 ,?us----8,al?\gh ,i am a slave1 yet ,i 0 n pur*as$1 b born & re>$ up 9 8 h\se40 #aafh4---- 1 2 ,?us--8,0 he ! son ( a slave2 if n1 ( :om80 ,o$ipus ,coloneus1 l9e #iag-- 4 ,franckl9 ?us--8,or did/ ?\ ?9k ,i valu$ a des]t l&1 or t my p 7 a race ( slaves80 ,tra*9i1 l9e #ec4----1 female slaves4 ,l9e #fc-- 1 ' 4 ,franckl9 ?us--8,?is woman1 ?\gh a slave1 ha? spok5 :at w\ld h well become ! m\? ( fre$om's self to utt]40 #beg4---- 4 ,?us--8,& b9d 9 slav]y 8 wife & all 8 race40 #bfg4---- 1 4 ,franckl9 ?us--8,& said a slave l him %\ld b5d b5ea? a freeman's p[]40 #bhc4---- 4 #cjb4---- 4 #cfg4----' 4 #dfg4---- 4 ,philoctetes1 l9e #iie---- 4 ' 1 ' 4 ,ari/ophanes1 ,ran 7,batra*oi71 l9e #aia---- 1 4 #eca4---- 4 #eda4---- 4 #ehd4---- 2 #fcb4---- 1 4 #fid4---- 4 #gdb4----1 1 4 #gdc4---- 4 #idi4----' ' 4 ,aves 7,orni!s71 l9e #fi4---- 4 ,l9e #gfc-- 1 etc4 #iaa4---- 4 ,equites 7,hyppes71 l9e #dd-- 4 ,lysi/rate1 l9e #ccj4---- 4 ,a*>n5ses1 #dja-- ' 4 ,vesp 7,sphekes71 #eag-- 4 1 4 ,l9e #fjb-- 4 ,l9e #fha-- ' 4 1 4 ,!smophoriazus1 l9e #ecg-- 1 c4 #efd4------' 1 '4 ,ecclesiazus1 l9e #fea4---- 4 ,l9e #gba-- 1 1 4 ,hom]1 ,iliad iii4 #djg-- ' 1 ' 1 1 ' 1 4 ,:i* ,pope has p>aphras$ ?us-- 8,a h&maid goddess at 8 side to wait1 ,r5\nce ! glories ( ?y heav5ly /ate1 ,be fix'd = ev] to ! ,trojan %ore1 ,8 sp\se1 or slave1 & m\nt ! skies no m40 ,iliad vi4 #dfj-- 1 1 4 ' ' 1 4 ,we %\ld be happy to see ! exquisite t5d]ness ( ! orig9al transf]r$ into ,engli%4 ,we (f]3--8,?is is ! wife ( ,hector1 ! brave/ ( ! horse-tam+ ,trojans1 :5 our p f\ght ab\t ,ilion4 ,?us p]*ance "s "o w say3 & ?is w be to !e a fre% sorr[1 to feel ! want ( ?y husb& to w>d (f ! day ( slav]y40 ,odyssey xiv4 #cci-- ' 1 4 ,pope ?us-- 8,soon z remote f %ore !y pl\gh ! wave1 ,) ready h&s !y ru% to seize ! slave40 ,odyssey xxii4 #dba-- 1 ' 1 1 4 ,pope ?us-- 8,!n %e3 ,9 ^! ?y k+ly walls rema9 7,my son7 full fifty ( ! h&maid tra92 ,taught by my c>e to cull ! fleece or weave1 ,& s]vitude ) pleas+ tasks deceive40 ,euripides1 ,iphig5ia 9 ,tauris1 l9e #acj-- 7a slave7 4 ,l9e #dea4---- 4 ,pott] ?us--8,& bid ! toils ( slav]y cease40 ,troades 7,trojan ,dames71 l9e #adj-- ' 4 8,i1 an old woman1 am l$ f my home a slave40 ,idem1 #aei4 4 8,bemoan _! slav]y40 #ahf4---- 4 8,assign$ a slave10 c4 #aig4---- 4 8,an old woman enslav$40 #bad4----' 4 8,expos$ me a slave to ,m5elaus40 ,idem1 #bce-- 4 8,we are slaves ( ! ,dorian l&1 ev5 n[40 #bhd4---- 4 8,i am enslav$10 c4 #eii4---- ' 4 8,troy yields to ! yoke ( slav]y40 #fae4---- 4 8,is sunk 9 slav]y40 #ffa4---- '1 c4 ,idem1 #fgh-- ' ' 4 8,i g by sea to ,greece1 a prison] ( w>1 to a yoke ( slav]y40 #ieg4---- 4 8,b is h] slave40 #iga4---- '4 8,h>%ly enslav$40 #acda4----' 4 ,bac*1 #cff4---- 4 #hjc4---- 2 2 ,pott] ?us--8,:at %\ld ,i d8 be to my slaves a slave80 #ajbh4---- 1 1 ' 4 ,pott] ?us-- 8,h[ ,i lam5t !e1 ?\gh a slave2 yet slaves1 ,if fai?ful1 m\rn ! ru9 ( _! lords40 ,cyclops1 #gf-- '1 1 1 4 ,hel5a1 #bhc-- 1 '1 ' 4 1 4 ,pott] ?us-- 8,( fri5ds depriv$1 ,i1 f ! free :o draw my g5]\s blood1 ,am made a slave2 = 'mong b>b>ians all ,are slaves1 save "o40 #bii4---- 1 4 ,pott] ?us-- 8,! p5d5t cord ,disgraces2 ev5 9 slaves x is deem$ base40 ,l9e #gbh-- 1 ' 1 1 ' 1 ' 1 ' 1 ' 4 ,pott] ?us-- 8,x is my wi%1 ,?\gh born a slave1 among ! g5]\s slaves ,to be acc\nt$1 be>+ a free m9d1 ,if n ! "n2 = bett] ?is ,i deem1 ,?an two bad ?+s1 to h>b\r a base m9d1 ,& he> f ^? ar\nd ! "n ( slave40 ,we deem ?is translation defective1 because x makes no di/9ction betwe5 ! ideas convey$ by ! words & 4 ,true1 at ?is late day1 ! passage is some:at obscure4 ,b ! speak] 0 n a slave3 he says he 0 born a --a "* f> less elevat$ ?an ! 1 yet a freeman1 b possess+ a great] s]vility ( m9d ?an ev5 ! d\los1 & 8 condition (t5 f> m abject4 ,! slave possess$ ! protection ( 8 ma/]2 b ! latris1 ) all ! de/itution & degradation incid5t to ! l[e/ conditions ( ! freeman1 (t5 covet$ ! happi] condition ( ! d\los4 ,! idea convey$ by ?is mess5g] is lit]ally ?is3 8,al?\gh born a latris1 ,i _h r be consid]$ among ! home-born slaves1 n hav+ ! "n ( fre$om1 ?an to h m]ely ! "n2 = ,i consid] ?is a good *oice betwe5 ! two evils--! be+ suppos$ to h ! base m9d ( ! latris1 & ! be+ truly call$ a slave by ^? ne> u40 ,! sub/ance is1 he _h r be a d\los ?an a latris4 ,t he 0 n a slave is evid5t f :at foll[s 9 ! #gig? l9e1 :]e ,m5elaus calls him emphatically 8 prospolon1 m]ely an att5dant4 #afcj4---- 1 2 ,pott]--8,slave z ?\ art1 wilt ?\ control ?y "l80 ,idem1 #afdj4 4 8,to home-born slaves1 x is glory to die = _! ma/]s40 ,ion1 l9e #acb4---- ' 4 8,to be a slave to ! gods40 #ahb4---- 1 c4 #cbg4---- '1 4 #eef4---- 4 #gfa4---- 1 c4 #hcg4---- 1 c4 #hed4---- 1 c4 #hee4---- ' 1 4 ,pott]-- 8,x is ! "n2 9 all else ?an ! free ,! slave is no?+ worse1 if he be virtu\s40 #ihc4---- 1 4 ,pott]--8,an op5 murd]1 & ) c[>d slaves40 #aaji4---- ' 1 2 8,:at is ! matt]1 my fell[-slave80 ,h]cules1 #aij4---- 4 ,pott]-- 8----! man array'd 9 arms ,is to 8 arms a slave40 ,electra1 #aaj4---- 1 female slave4 #fcc4---- 1 4 ,pott]--8,su* ! slave's nature1 b ?is fav\rs !e40 ,l9e #hih-- 4 8,he is ?y slave n[40 ,m$ea1 l9e #ed-- 4 8,slaves :o are fai?ful1 suff] 9 ! afflictions ( _! ma/]s40 ,l9e #fe4----1 1 4 8,n[ by ?is be>d1 deceive n by secrecy ?y fell[-slave40 ,hecuba1 l9e #bcd-- ' 1 1 ' 4 ,pott] ?us-- 8,b may slaves be p]mitt$ ( ! free ,to ask--,i mean no rud5ess1 no reproa*-- ,b may we ask8 ,& wilt ?\ answ] u80 #bdg4---- ' 1 2 ,pott]--8,:at did/ ?\ say1 :5 ?\ wa/ !n my slave80 ,idem1 #bia-- ' ' 4 ,pott] ?us-- 8,! laws ( blood ,are equal to u slaves1 & y our lords40 #cca4---- 4 8,ah well1 h[ great ! evil to h become a slave60 #cef4---- ' 4 8,b ,i am n[ a slave40 ,idem1 #cfe-- 4 8,& !n1 a female /ew>dess1 a slave pur*as$ some:]e1 %all defile my b$40 ,idem1 #ddd-- 1 1 ' 1 2 ' 2 1 4 ,pott]-- 8,tell me1 ye gales1 ye ris+ gales1 ,t lightly sweep along ! azure pla91 ,^: s(t brea? fills ! swell+ sails1 ,& wafts ! vessel danc+ o'er ! ma92 ,:i!r1 ah6 :i!r w ye be> ,?is sick5+ daught] ( despair8 ,:at pr\d "l's rig\r %all ! slave deplore1 ,on ,doric or on ,ph?ian %ore80 #die4---- 1 1 1 1 4 ,pott]-- 8,h]self a slave1 old1 *ildless1 on ! gr\nd ,%e lies1 & soils h] ho> head 9 ! du/40 #gda4---- ' ' '1 ' ,pott]-- 8,b %\ld he treat me z a slave1 a foe1 ,& spurn me1 ,i %\ld add to my afflictions40 #geg4---- 1 4 ,pott]-- 8,n fre$om1 b rev5ge2 rev5ge on bas5ess3 ,grant me rev5ge1 & let me die a slave40 #gih4---- 4 ,pott]--8,b we are slaves1 b we p]*ance are weak #hji4---- '1 4 ,pott]--8,ere:ile ,i 0 a que51 b n[ a slave40 ,idem1 #hfd-- ' 1 ,pott]-- 8,va9 is ! boa/ ( lib]ty 9 man3 ,a slave to =tune or a slave to weal?1 ,or by ! p or ! laws re/ra9$1 ,he d>es n act ! dictates ( 8 w40 #abeb4---- oimoi1 gynaikos1 hs eoi*'1 hssm5os d\ls1 hyphex tois kakios9 dikn4 ,pott]-- 8,:at6 f ^! wret*es %all ,i suff] ?us1 ,defeat$ by a woman & a slave80 ,phniss1 l9e #id4---- 1 z a slave4 #ahi4---- 4 8,to lead 9 slav]y40 #aib4---- 4 8,to suff] slav]y40 #bje4---- 4 8,slave to ,phbus40 #afjf4---- --1 c4 8,slave to ,polybus10 c4 ,ore/es1 l9e #bba4---- ' 1 4 ,idem1 #gae-- ---- ' 4 #icg4---- 4 ,pott]--8,vile slaves to y\r wives40 #aaae4---- 4 ,su* 0 ! reply ( ,pylades to 8 fri5d ,ore/es1 9 ref]5ce to ! ,phrygian slave2 & we %all close our quotations f ?is rem>kable tragic poet1 ) an int]view betwe5 ,ore/es & "o ( ^! ,phrygian slaves4 ,l9e #aebb-- ,ore/es4 1 ' 2 ,slave4 1 1 4 ,pott]-- ,ore/es4 8,fe>s a slave dea?1 ! end ( all 8 ills8 ,slave4 8,to slave or free1 sweet is ! light ( heav540 ,alce/es1 l9e #fch-- ' ' 4 ,pott]--8,b1 ! base (fspr+ ( "s slave1 ?y wife /ole me1 & put me to h] brea/40 ,we f9d ! foll[+ 9 a %ort notice ( ! life ( ,isocrates1 by ,dionysius ( ,halic>nassus4 ,page #bc4---- ' ' 1 4 ,also1 page #bf4---- 1 4 ,idem1 #ce4---- 1 4 ,idem1 #cf4---- 1 1 ' 4 ,isocrates1 7,cantabrigigi1 #afhf17 ,orat4 ad ,demonicum1 page #eb-- 1 1 1 ' 4 ,ad ,nicoclem1 p4 #gd4---- 1 4 ,panegyricus1 p4 #aba4---- 1 ' 4 ,idem1 #acc4---- 1 4 ,idem1 #acg4---- 4 ,idem4---- 1 4 ,idem4---- 4 ,idem1 #add4---- 1 ' 4 ,idem4---- 1 1 4 ,idem1 #aej4---- 4 ,idem1 #aea4---- 4 ,idem1 #aec4---- 4 ,orat4 ad ,philippum1 p4 #afa4---- 1 4 ,ar*idamus1 p4 #bce4---- 4 ,de ,pace1 sive ,socialis1 page #bha4---- 1 4 ,idem1 p4 #bhj4---- 4 ,idem1 p4 #cjf4---- 4 ,evagoras1 p4 #caj4---- 4 ,idem1 p4 #cbj4---- ' 4 ,idem1 p4 #cbf4---- 4 ,pana!naicus1 p4 #cif4---- 4 ,idem1 p4 #djj4---- 1 4 ,idem1 p4 #dab4---- 4 ,idem1 p4 #dah4----4 ,plataicus1 p4 #dei4---- 4 ,idem4---- 4 ,idem1 p4 #dfc4----4 ,idem1 p4 #dfe4----4 ,idem1 p4 #dff4---- 1 4 ,orat4 de ,p]mutatione1 p4 #dic4---- 1 4 ,idem1 p4 #did4---- 4 ,idem1 p4 #ejb4---- ' 4 ,idem4---- 4 ,idem4---- 4 ,idem1 p4 #eaj4---- 4 ,idem1 p4 #eaa4---- 4 ,de ,bigis1 p4 #ecj4---- 4 ,epi/ol3 to ,philip1 p4 #faa4---- 4 ,to ,jason1 a fre$man1 p4 #fbi4---- 1 4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,v4 ,b if x %all be object$1 t by ^! writ]s ! ^w 1 d\los1 & its d]ivatives are us$ 9 a figurative s5se1 s9ce ^! writ]s all exhibit m9ds deeply excit$1 or us$ all language ) poetic lic5se2 we ?9k su* objection unf\nd$1 s f> z x alleges t !y h us$ ?is ^w 9 an unusual mann]1 or h attribut$ to x any o!r s5se ?an 0 attribut$ to x by all ! ,greeks4 ,nev]!less1 we propose n[ to pres5t ?is ^w z x 0 us$ by ,?ucydides1 ,h]odotus1 & ,x5ophon1 aga9/ ^: use no cavil c be made2 & we n[ fe> n to ass]t t _! use ( ?is ^w w be 9 ! mo/ /rict accordance ) ! au?ors already exam9$4 ,plut>*1 :o 0 some:at dispos$ to criticize o!r au?ors1 speak+ ( ,?ucydides1 expresses ! idea t he wrote 9 su* a mann] t ! read] saw ! picture ( :at he repres5t$4 7,see 8 ,de ,gloria ,a!ni5sium47 ,plut>* 0 !n cle>ly ( op9ion t ! language ( ,?ucydides 0 mo/ appropriately accurate4 ,we "h premise1 t we %all n presume to (f] our own translation to ! extract we propose to make f ,?ucydides4 ,f ! _m t h be5 made1 we h select$ t ( ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,william ,smi?1 ( ! ca!dral ( ,*e/]1 ,engl&1 & conc]n+ :om x may be prop] to say a ^w4 ,he translat$ ,long9us ) great accuracy & beauty4 ,! ,weekly ,miscellany ( ,dec4 #h?1 #agci1 says ( ?is translation1 8,x ju/ly des]ves ! notice & ?anks ( ! public40 ,fa!r ,phillips says1 #agef1 8,a late ,engli% translation ( ! ,greek critic1 by ,mr4 ,smi?1 is a cr$it to ! au?or1 & reflects lu/re on ,long9us himself40 ,laudits ( ?is "w w fill a volume4 ,9 #agec he translat$ ,?ucydides1 & 0 directly creat$ a doctor ( div9ity1--& we f9d 9 8 epitaph n[ 9 ! ca!dral ( ,*e/]1 8z a s*ol> 8 reputation is p]petuat$ by 8 valuable publications1 p>ticul>ly 8 correct & eloqu5t translations ( ,long9us1 ,?ucydides1 & ,x5ophon40 ,we h be5 ?us m9ute t x may be kn[n ) :at _s we prep>e ?is "w4 ,,! ,,peloponnesian ,,w>1 by ,?ucydides4 ,book i4 *ap4 #h4 4 8,& ! great1 :o _h all ne$ful supplies at h&1 r$uc$ less p[]ful cities into _! own subjection40 ,at t age ( ! _w1 :5 "o city 0 conqu]$ by ano!r1 all 7 r$uc$ to slav]y1 unless by ! especial fav\r ( ! conqu]or4 ,9 ?is in/ance x w\ld h be5 m lit]al to our pres5t idiom to h us$ ! t]m slav]y1 in/ead ( subjection2 because n[ !re has gr[n up a wide di/9ction betwe5 ! m]e subjugat+ & enslav+4 ,*ap4 #af4 1 1 1 1 4 8,= ,cyrus1 aft] he _h complet$ ! conque/ ( ,crsus1 & all ! c\ntry :i* lie? betwe5 ! riv] ,halys & ! sea1 invad$ !m1 & enslav$ _! t[ns ^u ! cont95t40 ,*ap4 #ah4 ' 4 8,& 9 ! t5? ye> aft] t1 ! b>b>ian1 ) a va/ armam5t1 invad$ ,greece 9 ord] to enslave x40 ,*ap4 #cd4 1 ' 1 4 8,!y are n s5t out to be ! slaves1 b to be ! equals ( ^? :o rema9 beh9d40 ,*ap4 #ee4 1 1 4 8,eight hundr$ ( _! ,corcyrean prison]s1 :o 7 slaves1 !y sold at public sale40 ,*ap4 #fh4 1 4 8,b n[1 :at ne$ c !re be ( multiply+ words1 :5 "s y already see enslav$40 ,*ap4 #fi4 ' 1 4 ' 1 1 4 8,ev] s9ce y h conniv$ at lib]ty ov]?r[n1 n only 9 :atev] communities !y h proce$$ to enslave1 b n[ :]e ev5 y\r own conf$]ates are conc]n$4 ,= n to ! m5 :o rivet on ! *a9s ( slav]y1 b to su* z1 ?\gh able1 yet neglect to prev5t x1 ought ! sad ev5t ) tru? to be imput$40 ,*ap4 #gd4 1 c4 8,& e /ate already enslav$10 c4 ,*ap4 #ha4 1 1 1 4 8,x is by no means consi/5t ) ! _s ( ,a!nians to be slaves to _! soil1 or1 l unpractis$ soldi]s1 to %udd] at w>40 ,*ap4 #ih4 4 8,?is 0 ! fir/ conf$]ate /ate :i* 0 enslav$ to gratify _! aspir+ ambition40 ,*ap4 #aja4 4 8,mo/ ,( ! ,helots 7 desc5dants ( ! anci5t ,mess5ians1 !n r$uc$ to slav]y1 & on ?is acc\nt all ( !m 9 g5]al 7 call$ ,mess5ians40 ,*ap4 #ajc4 1 4 8,:at if any "o ( !m be ev] f\nd !re1 he %\ld be made ! slave ( :oev] appreh5d$ him40 ,*ap4 #aba4 4 8,:i* rivet slav]y on !mselves10 c4 ,*ap4 #abb4 1 1 4 8,su* a triumph1 h[ grat+ soev] ! b>e m5tion ( x may be to any ( y\r e>s1 yet be x kn[n1 c & is no?+ else b pla9 & op5 slav]y40 ,*ap4 #abd4 1 4 8,& %all imm$iately recov] lib]ty = ^? ,grecians :o are already enslav$40 ,*ap4 #ach4 1 4 8,z ! hope be sugge/$ to him ( enslav+ ,greece40 ,*ap4 #ada4 4 8,! v same t5d5cy to make !m slaves40 ,book ii4 *ap4 #fa4 1 4 8,accid5ts sudd5 & un=ese51 & s opposite to t ev5t y might reasonably h expect$1 enslave ! m9d40 ,*ap4 #fc4 1 ' 4 8,?9k n y h only "o po9t at /ake1 ! alt]native ( slav]y in/ead ( fre$om40 ,idem4 1 ' 4 8,slav]y is nev] to be endur$ by a /ate t once ha? gov]n$4 ,su* a situation c be tol]able only to t :i* has ev] be5 dep5d5t40 ,*ap4 #ga4 ' 1 ' 4 8,t no "o %\ld unju/ly make w> on !m1 or endeav\r to enslave !m40 ,idem4 4 8,are come hi!r to enslave u10 c4 ,*ap4 #gh4 1 1 4 8,nor 0 !re any o!r portion )9 ! wall1 ei!r slave or free40 ,book iii4 *ap4 #aj4 4 8,we made an alliance ) ! ,a!nians--n to enslave ! re/ ( ,greece to ! ,a!nians40 ,idem4 1 1 4 ' 1 1 1 4 8,b :5 we p]ceiv$ t !y relax$ 9 _! zeal aga9/ ! ,m$e1 & 7 gr[n e>ne/ 9 rivet+ slav]y ^u allies1 we !n began to be al>m$4 ,x 0 impossible1 :]e s _m p>ties 7 to be consult$1 to unite toge!r 9 "o body ( def5ce2 & ?us all ! allies fell into slav]y except ourselves & ! ,*ians40 ,*ap4 #ch4 1 4 8,slaves z y are to :atev] trifles happ5 always to be 9 vogue1 & look+ d[n ) contempt on tri$ & exp]i5c$ me?ods40 ,*ap4 #ef4 1 1 ' 4 8,b at t season1 :5 ! b>b>ians /ruck at enslav+ u all1 ^! ,!bans 7 !n ! b>b>ians' coadjutors40 ,*ap4 #eh4 1 1 1 2 8,w y fur!r enslave ! spot on :i* ! ,grecians e>n$ _! lib]ty80 ,*ap4 #fc4 1 1 1 4 8,! ,a!nians truly h enslav$ y\r c\ntry2 & ! o!rs w\ld rega9 its fre$om40 ,*ap4 #fd4 1 1 1 1 4 8,y r5\nc$1 y violat$ fir/ ! oa?s1 :i* r concurr$ to enslave ! g9et & "s o!r p ( ! same association1 ?an endeav\r$ to prev5t x40 ,*ap4 #gj4 1 4 8,& !re=e aga9/ him ! accomplices pref] an accusation1 z plott+ h[ to subject ,corcyra to ,a!nian slav]y40 ,*ap4 #ga4 1 1 1 ' ' 4 8,aft] ?is bold assass9ation1 !y summon$ ! ,corcyreans to assemble imm$iately1 :]e !y ju/ifi$ _! proce$+s z mo/ highly = ! public good1 & ! only exp$i5t ( prev5t+ ,a!nian slav]y40 ,*ap4 #gc4 ' 1 1 1 4 1 ' 4 8,! day foll[+ !y skirmi%$ a little ) _! missive weapons1 & bo? p>ties s5t out deta*m5ts into ! field to invite concurr5ce ( ! slaves1 ^u a promise ( _! fre$om4 ,a majority ( ! slaves came 9 to ! assi/ance ( ! p1 & ! o!r p>ty got eight hundr$ auxili>ies f ! cont95t40 ,x w be notic$ t 9 ?is passage is also translat$ slave2 b ! 0 a slave ^: condition 0 above ! m]e 4 ,9 ,engli% ! ^w w imply a h\se-slave4 ,! enjoy$ a great] portion ( 8 ma/]'s confid5ce1 & consequ5tly 0 "u a less rigor\s gov]nm5t4 ,! tru? ( :at ,?ucydides /ates is evid5t to ^? acqua9t$ ) ! "*3 ! high] class ( slaves ev] take sides ) _! ma/]s 9 su* cases4 ,x is ?is ^w ,/4 ,paul uses1 by :i* he describes ! "* ( ,onesimus 9 8 lett] to ,philemon4 ,he _h act$ z ,paul's h\se-slave at ,rome4 ,book iv4 *ap4 #hf4 1 4 8,b1 on ! contr>y1 are to act 9 support ( y1 :o are oppress$ ) ,a!nian bondage40 ,idem4 1 1 1 1 1 4 8,i am conv9c$ t lib]ty c nev] be re-e/abli%$ by me1 if1 disreg>d+ anci5t con/itutions1 ,i enslave ! multitude to ! few1 or ! few to ! cr[d40 ,*ap4 #hg4 ' 4 8,= ! sake ( ! ,grecians1 t !y may n be ob/ruct$ by y 9 _! deliv]ance f bondage40 ,*ap4 #ib4 1 1 1 2 8,let me add fur!r1 t :5 m5 are b5t on enslav+1 n neighb\rs only1 b su* p z are m remote1 h[ c x be judg$ improp] to enc\nt] su*1 s long z we c f9d gr\nd :]eon to /&80 ,idem4 1 1 1 ' 4 8,b f m5 :o 7 born to v9dicate _! own c\ntry = ev] by ! d9t ( arms1 & nev] unju/ly to enslave ano!r1 t f su* m5 !y %all n get away )\t t /ruggle :i* hon\r enjo9s40 ,*ap4 #aad4 4 8,!y _h no enslav+ views40 ,*ap4 #aah4 1 4 8,:e!r !y be free m5 or slaves40 ,book v4 *ap4 #i4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 8,t ?is v day1 if y behave ) val\r1 y are h5ce=? free1 & w ga9 ! hon\rable title ( ,lac$monian allies2 o!rwise y mu/ cont9ue to be ! slaves ( ,a!nians1 :]e ! be/ t c befall y1 if nei!r sold = slaves nor put to dea? z rebels1 w be a heavi] yoke ( tyranny ?an y ev] yet h felt1 :ile ! lib]ty ( ,greece mu/ by y = ev] be ob/ruct$40 ,*ap4 #bc4 1 1 4 8,t if !re happ5 any insurrection among ! ,helots1 ! ,a!nians m>* to ! succ\r ( ! ,lac$monians ) _! :ole /r5g?1 to ! full ext5t ( _! p[]40 ,9 ?is in/ance ! translator has sub/itut$ 8,helots0 = slaves1 because ! ,helots 7 ! slaves at ,sp>ta1 & ! usual t]m by :i* slaves 7 designat$ 9 ,lac$monia1 ,helot & 1 7 synonym\s t]ms !re4 ,*ap4 #bg4 1 ' 1 ' 4 8,t s9ce ! ,lac$monians1 n 9 ord] to s]ve1 b to enslave ,peloponnesus10 c4 ,*ap4 #bi4 4 8,t ! ,lac$monians might /rike up a b>ga9 ) ! ,a!nians to enslave o!r /ates40 ,*ap4 #fi4 4 8,ei!r su* on slav]y40 ,*ap4 #hf4 1 ' 1 1 1 4 8,s9ce if1 sup]ior 9 debate1 we = t reason refuse submission1 our portion mu/ be w> & if we all[ y\r plea1 f t mom5t we become y\r slaves40 ,*ap4 #ib4 1 2 8,& h[ c x turn z b5eficial = u to become y\r slaves z x w be = y to be our ma/]s80 ,*ap4 #ajj4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 8,if ?is be1 & if y1 ye ,a!nians1 c readily emb>k 9 s _m p]ils to prev5t ! desolation ( y\r empire2 if /ates1 by y enslav$1 c d z mu* to ?r[ (f y\r yoke1 mu/ x n be wret*$ly base & c[>dly 9 u1 :o yet are free1 to leave any me?od1 ev5 to ! la/ extremity1 untri$ ( av]t+ slav]y40 ,book vi4 *ap4 #bj4 4 1 1 1 ' 1 1 4 8,accord+ to ! la/ in=mation ,i h be5 able to procure1 we are n[ go+ to invade a numb] ( p[]ful cities2 cities indep5d5t ( "o ano!r1 nor /&+ 9 ne$ ( public revolutions2 :i* p1 :o cr+e "u ! yoke ( slav]y1 might easily embrace1 9 ord] to r5d] _! condition m supportable40 ,*ap4 #bg4 4 8,he %\ld boldly in=m ! public ( x1 :e!r he 7 a citiz51 or a =eign]1 or a slave40 ,*ap4 #gf4 4 8,!y hold fa/ rivet$ ! yoke ( slav]y40 ,idem4 4 8,by enslav+10 c4 ,*ap4 #gg4 4 8,:o w be slaves10 c4 ,*ap4 #hj4 8,slave10 c4 ,*ap4 #hb4 4 8,:om ! ,syracusans say we ?\ght prop] to enslave1 ?\gh connect$ ) u by ties ( blood40 ,idem4 4 8,!y made slav]y _! *oice1 & 9 ! same mis]able fate w\ld h be5 glad to envelop u40 ,*ap4 #hc4 1 4 8,s f> f ! view ( enslav+ !m to ourselves1 t we are solely int5t on pres]v+ !m f be+ enslav$ by o!rs40 ,*ap4 #hd4 4 8,:om1 aft] unju/ly enslav+10 c4 ,*ap4 #hh4 4 8,save only ! ambition !y %[$ ( enslav+ ,sicily40 ,book vii4 *ap4 #ge4 1 4 8,= a mo/ cruel turn ( =tune ?is really prov$ to a ,grecian army2 :o1 com+ hi!r to enslave o!rs1 7 dep>t+ n[ ) ! sad alt]native ( fe>+ to be made slaves !mselves40 ,book viii4 *ap4 #ae4 1 1 1 1 ' 4 8,hav+1 moreov]1 fet*$ (f ! sev5 vessels belong+ to ! ,*ians1 :i* assi/$ 9 =m+ ! blockade at ,piru1 !y set at lib]ty ! slaves :o 7 on bo>d !m1 & ?rew all ! freem5 into prison40 ,*ap4 #dc4 4 8,= ?us he might be enabl$ once m to enslave all ! isl&s40 ,*ap4 #dh4 1 c4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,vi4 ,,x5ophon1 ,memorabilia1 c4 ,book i4 *ap4 #c1 #aa4 1 1 1 2 ' ' 2 8,mis]um te1 ait ,socrates1 quid ev5turum tibi exi/imas1 si =mosum oscul]is8 annon subit pro lib]o s]vus esses80 ,leunclavius4 ,*ap4 #e4 #b4 ' 2 8,et s]vo intemp]anti num vel pecora1 vel p5um1 vel ut op]i presset1 committ]emus80 ,leunc4 #c4 ' 1 2 8,enimv]o si ne s]vum quidem intemp]antem accepturi simus1 qu non op] pretium sit cav]e ne quis ipse talis fiat80 ,leunc4 #e4 1 1 2 8,quis voluptatibus s]vi5s non turpit] tum corpore tum animo affectus sit80 ,leunc4 ,ibid4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 8,equidem ita pr(ect /atuo1 hom9i lib]o opt&um esse1 ut hujusmodi s]vum non consequatur1 atque illi qui voluptatibus ejusmodi s]vit deos esse obsecr&os ut dom9os bonos nanciscatur40 ,leunc4 ,book ii4 *ap4 #a4 #aa4 ' 1 1 ' 1 1 ' 1 1 ' 1 4 7#ab7 '1 1 1 ' 1 ' 1 4 8,i surely1 says ,ari/ippus1 d n place myself 9 slav]y2 b my doctr9e is1 t ! condition equally free f ! objections ( ^? :o gov]n & ( ^? :o are 9 slav]y1 is true lib]ty4 ,b1 says ,socrates1 ! condition ( :i* y speak1 beyond ! influ5ces affect+ ^? :o be> rule or ^? 9 slav]y1 c nev] exi/ among m52 =10 c4 #ab4 --8= safety !y desire slav]y40 #ac4 2 8,donec p]suas]9t eis s]vire potis qum bellum cum potioribus g]]e80 #ae4 1 2 8,an qud talem te s]vum esse putas1 qui nulli dom9o prosit80 ,*ap4 #f4 #i4 1 4 8,neque m9s difficile v9ctum ret9]e tanquam s]vum40 ,leunc4 ,*ap4 #g4 #c & #d4 '1 1 1 4 7#d7 1 1 2 8,by ,jupit]1 7says ,ari/>*us17 ! reason is obvi\s4 ,he 7,c]amon7 re>s up slaves1 :ile ,i only employ freem54 ,well1 !n1 truly1 says 7,socrates71 :i* d y e/eem ! mo/ valuable1 y\r freem5 or ,c]amon's slaves80 ,*ap4 #h4 #d4 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 ' 4 8,b x is difficult1 ,o ,socrates1 = me to submit to slav]y4 ,b 7says ,socrates7 high political (fic]s1 & all ^? :o h *>ge ( public affairs1 are n e/eem$ to be 9 a slavi% employm5t1 b 9 t :i* is ! mo/ appropriate to ! mo/ elevat$ ( freem540 ,book iii4 *ap4 #ab4 #b4 ' 1 1 1 4 8,_m endure ! mo/ burd5some slav]y1 produc$ by _! hav+ be5 tak5 captives 9 w>1 & z captives1 slaves !mselves ?r\gh ! rema9d] ( life40 ,book iv4 *ap4 #b4 #cc4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' 2 8,is x truly s8 ,y h n he>d 7says ,socrates7 t ,ddalus1 captur$1 depriv$ ( 8 lib]ty1 & torn f 8 c\ntry & =c$ into slav]y1 on acc\nt ( 8 k & wisdom 0 deta9$ by ,m9os2 &1 :5 aft]w>ds attempt+ to make 8 escape ) 8 son1 :o 0 sla9 9 ! attempt1 0 n able to save himself1 b 0 seiz$ by ! b>b>ians & aga9 =c$ into slav]y40 ,ibid4 1 2 8,h[ _m o!rs are born & rema9 creep+1 fawn+ ab\t ! k+ 7( ,p]sia72 & because he deems !m 81 he !re enslaves !m40 ,*ap #e4 #e4 2 1 1 4 2 ,( :i* ,leunclavius gives ! foll[+3 8,pessimam s]vitutem4 ,et quam esse arbitr>is8 ,eam ait1 qu apud pessimos dom9os s]viatur4 ,ergone intemp]antes s]vitutem pessimam s]viunt80 ,= ! b5efit ( ! m]e ,engli% s*ol>1 we give x ?us3 8,n[1 :]e d y e/eem ! mo/ degrad$ slav]y8 ,:y1 to be sure1 says he1 :5 ! ma/] is mo/ degrad$4 ,x foll[s !n1 7says ,socrates17 t ! slaves ( intemp]ance are ! mo/ degrad$ ( slaves40 ,9 ! #cj? section ( ! def5ce ( ,socrates be=e 8 judges1 by ,x5ophon1 we f9d ?us3-- 1 1 1 4 ,by ,leunclavius3 8,itaque aio1 non p]mansurum 9 illo s]vili vit g5]e1 quod pat] ei prscripsit40 ,we (f]3 8,s t1 ,i said1 x is n becom+ t 8 son %\ld rema9 9 an occupation only prop] = a slave1 9 :i* alone 8 fa!r educat$ him40 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,vii4 ,at ! close ( ! #bc;d *apt] ( ! fir/ book ( ,x5ophon's ,cyropdia1 we f9d3 1 1 1 1 ' 4 8,!re are in/ances ( _m1 :o1 :5 !y might h us$ o!rs z _! fri5ds 9 a mutual int]c\rse ( good (fices1 & :o1 *oos+ to hold !m r z slaves ?an z fri5ds1 h met ) rev5ge & puni%m5t at _! h&s40 ,a%ley4 ,book iii4 #b4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 c4 8,x is inde$ noble1 said ,cyrus1 to fight1 9 ord] n to be made a slave6 ,b if a man be conqu]$ 9 w>1 or by o!r means be r$uc$ to slav]y1 & be f\nd attempt+ to ?r[ (f 8 ma/]s1 d y y\rself fir/ pron\nce :e!r y rew>d & hon\r su* a "o z an hone/ man1 & z "o t does noble ?+s1 or1 if y take him1 d y puni% him z "o t acts unju/ly8 ,i puni% him1 said he40 ,a%ley4 ,ibid4 1 '1 1 ' 4 8,:y1 by ,jupit]1 be+ consci\s ( himself t1 affect+ 8 lib]ty1 he has become by f> mu* m ( a slave ?an ev]40 ,ibid4 1 1 2 8,c y1 said ,tigranes1 imag9e :at br+s m5 into yield+ to slav]y m effectually ?an v great fe>80 ,ibid4 1 ' 1 ' 1 1 4 8,!y t are at sea1 & dread %ipwreck1 & !y t fe> s]vitude & *a9s1 are nei!r able to eat nor sleep = fe>3 b !y :o are already "u bani%m5t1 :o are already conqu]$1 & already slaves1 are (t5 9 a condition to eat & sleep bett] ?an ! =tunate !mselves40 ,a%ley4 ,ibid4 ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 8,9 :at /ate ( m9d !n1 said he1 d y take my fa!r to be1 he :o fe>s n only = 8 own life1 b t 8 wife1 myself1 & all 8 *ildr5 w be plung$ into slav]y80 ,ibid4 '1 1 4 2 4 1 1 4 8,truly1 said %e1 ,i did n look at him4 ,at :om !n did y look8 said ,tigranes4 ,at him :o said1 t to save me f s]vitude he w\ld ransom me at ! exp5se ( 8 own life40 ,a%ley4 ,ibid4 1 4 1 1 ' 1 1 4 8,h[ few ?+s 9 futurity are we m5 able to =esee6 & h[ _m projects d we und]take6 ,i h endeav\r$ ^u ?is occasion to obta9 lib]ty1 & ,i h become m a slave ?an ev]3 &1 aft] hav+ be5 made a captive1 & ?9k+ our de/ruction c]ta91 we n[ aga9 appe> to be 9 a condition ( great] safety & security ?an ev]40 ,a%ley4 ,book iv4 *ap4 #h4 1 1 1 1 ' 4 8,y w see !m1 l slaves t h run away & are discov]$1 "s supplicat+ = m]cy1 "s fly+1 & "s )\t pres5ce ( m9d en\gh to d ei!r40 ,a%ley4 ,*ap4 #ah4 1 1 1 1 4 8,b1 !n1 if y %all come to u1 & %all appe> to d any action1 or give any in=mation1 9 fri5d%ip & good-w to u1 him w we treat z a b5efactor & a fri5d1 n z a slave40 ,*ap4 #bc4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 8,cyrus himself ord]$ !m to make proclamation1 t :atev] slave !re might be1 ei!r 9 ! ,assyrian1 ,syrian1 or ,arabian armies1 :e!r he 7 ,m$e1 ,p]sian1 ,bactrian1 ,c>ian1 ,cilician1 or ,greek1 or ( any o!r c\ntry1 =c$ to s]ve1 t he %\ld appe>40 ,a%ley4 ,*ap4 #bd4 1 1 1 1 4 8,i b[ myself at y\r feet1 a suppliant1 & give myself a slave to y1 & a conf$]ate 9 ! w>40 ,book v4 *ap4 #a4 4 8,& 0 clo!d 9 ! same mann] z 7 h] female slaves40 ,ibid4 ' 1 1 ' 1 1 1 4 8,b ,i h se51 says he1 p 9 grief & te>s :5 9 love1 slaves to ^? ) :om !y 7 9 love1 yet !y deem$ slav]y a v great evil :5 n 9 love40 ,*ap4 #cb4 '1 1 1 1 1 c4 8,i am n ignorant1 says he1 t y are above me1 b t my own slaves are above me 9 p[]10 c4 ,book vi4 *ap4 #bf4 1 1 1 1 4 8,!n ,i ?9k we are bo? "u great obligation to ,cyrus1 :o1 :5 ,i 0 captur$1 & *os5 & select$ p>ticul>ly = him1 ?\ght prop] n to receive me z a slave1 nor ev5 z a free woman ( l[ /&+1 b deta9$ me "u su* re/ra9t z if ,i _h be5 8 bro!r's wife40 ,book vii4 *ap4 #bj4 1 4 8,all ^? :om he conqu]$1 he compell$ to practise ) ! sl+1 :i* he deem$ m suitable = slaves40 ,*ap4 #cj4 1 1 4 8,= x is a p]petual law among all m51 t :5 a city is tak5 f an enemy1 bo? ! p]sons & treasures ( ! inhabitants belong to ! captors40 ,a%ley4 ,ibid4 1 1 4 8,9 heat1 & 9 cold1 9 meat & dr9k1 9 "w & re/1 we necess>ily all[ our slaves a portion40 ,ibid4 1 1 1 2 2 8,:5 we acquire slaves1 we puni% !m if !y are slo?ful & vici\s4 ,b does x become him :o is slo?ful & vici\s himself1 to puni% o!rs = vice & slo?80 ,book viii4 *ap4 #a4 1 1 1 1 1 4 8,we ought to di/+ui% ourselves s f> f slaves1 z t slaves d s]vice to _! ma/]s aga9/ _! wills2 & if we desire to be free1 we ought will+ly to p]=m :at appe>s to be mo/ excell5t & wor?y40 ,a%ley4 ,*ap4 #ad4 ' 1 1 4 8,b 9 ! managem5t ( slaves10 c4 ,*ap4 #da4 ' 1 1 1 4 8,& ,i desire likewise t y %\ld obs]ve1 t ( all ^! ord]s t ,i n[ give y1 ,i give none to ^? t are ( s]vile condition40 ,*ap4 #dg4 ' 1 ' 4 8,by my means my fri5ds h be5 made happy1 & my enemies enslav$40 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ,x5ophon's ,exp$ition ( ,cyrus1 usually t]m$ ! ,anabasis1 book i4 *ap4 #i1 we f9d-- 1 1 4 8,s t brave m5 7 look$ ^u z mo/ =tunate1 & c[>ds z des]v+ to be _! slaves40 ,spelman4 ,ibid4 1 1 4 8,no "o1 n ev5 a slave1 ev] des]t$ ,cyrus to g to ! k+40 ,book ii4 *ap4 #c4 4 8,!y 7 att5d$ by a great _m slaves40 ,*ap4 #e4 1 1 1 4 8,aft] ?is1 "s ( ! b>b>ian horse1 sc\r+ ! pla9s1 kill$ all ! ,greeks !y met )1 bo? freem5 & slaves40 ,spelman4 ,ibid4 1 4 8,=1 he says1 !y are 81 hav+ belong$ to 8 slave ,cyrus40 ,book iii4 *ap4 #a4 1 1 ' ' 1 1 2 8,h[ !n w he treat u1 :o h no support1 & :o h made w> on him1 ) ! design to r$uce him f ! condition ( a k+ to t ( a slave1 &1 if 9 our p[]1 to put him to dea?80 ,book vii4 *ap4 #d4 ' ' 1 ' 4 8,& !n he said1 b ,i ?9k myself suffici5tly rev5g$1 if ^! p1 in/ead ( freem51 are to be made slaves40 ,*ap4 #g4 1 1 4 8,= if y conqu]1 !y are slaves1--b if y are conqu]$1 !y are free40 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,viii4 ,,h]odotus ( ,halic>nassus4 ,,we (t5 f9d ! ^w 1 & its v>i\s d]ivatives1 9 ! pla91 ! simple n>rative ( ?is au?or4 ,8 use ( ! t]m is z foll[s3 ,book i4 *ap4 #g4 1 4 8,! ,h]aclid are desc5d$ f ,h]cules & a female slave ( ,j>danus40 ,*ap4 #bg4 1 1 2 8,c !y wi% = a bett] opportunity ?an to meet ! ,lydians on ! ,ocean1 to rev5ge ^? ( ! ,greeks r$uc$ by y to slav]y on ! cont95t80 ,*ap4 #id4 4 8,?us ! ,lydians 7 enslav$ by ! ,p]sians40 ,*ap4 #ie4 4 8,& reject+ slav]y1 !y became free40 ,*ap4 #aad4 1 4 8,o k+6 by y\r slave40 ,*ap4 #abf4 4 8,slavi% employm5t10 c4 ,*ap4 #abi4 1 1 1 4 8,among o!r ?+s1 he ask$ him :at 0 8 op9ion ( t supp]1 9 :i* he _h compell$ a fa!r to fe$ on ! fle% ( 8 *ild2 a supp] :i* _h r$uc$ him f a mon>* to a slave40 ,beloe4 ,ibid4 1 4 87,he said t he 07 mo/ wick$1 on ! acc\nt ( ! supp]1 to enslave ! ,m$es40 ,ibid4 1 4 8,! ,m$es1 :o 7 c]ta9ly n access>y to ! provocation giv51 _h ex*ang$ situations ) _! slaves4 ,! ,p]sians1 :o 7 =m]ly ! slaves1 7 n[ ! ma/]s40 ,*ap4 #agj4 4 8,& ?us1 fre$ f slav]y1 deem !mselves happy40 ,*ap4 #agc4 1 4 8,if any free woman m>ries a slave1 ! *ildr5 ( su* m>riage are reput$ free40 ,beloe4 ,*ap4 #agd4 4 8,! ,c>ians made little or no ex]tion1 & 7 easily enslav$40 ,*ap4 #baj4 4 8,y h rais$ ! ,p]sians f slav]y to fre$om40 ,beloe4 ,book ii4 *ap4 #a4 4 8,he consid]$ !m z slaves by "r ( inh]itance40 ,*ap4 #ef4 4 8,al?\gh 9 a /ate ( slav]y1 %e !re con/ruct$1 "u a gre5 spread+ bee*1 a natural little temple to h] god40 ,book iii4 *ap4 #abe4 1 4 8,all ! /rang]s1 & _! slaves accompany+ !m1 7 deta9$ 9 bondage40 ,see #a ,tim4 i4 #aj4 ,*ap4 #ach4 4 8,& !y be+ enslav$1 ,gillus imm$iately ransom$ !m10 c4 ,*ap4 #adj4 1 1 1 ' 1 1 4 8,i w\ld h nei!r gold nor silv]2 give me ,samos1 my c\ntry1 & deliv] x f s]vitude4 ,s9ce ! dea? ( ,polycrates1 my bro!r1 :om ,ortes slew1 x ha? be5 9 ! h&s ( "o ( our slaves4 ,give me ?is1 )\t any effusion ( blood1 or r$uc+ my c\ntrym5 to s]vitude40 7,beloe47 ,see #a ,tim4 i4 #aj4 ,*ap4 #aec4 4 8,he c\nsell$ ) himself ab\t t :i* 0 =etold1 t ,babylon %\ld n be r$uc$ to slav]y until ?is prodigy %\ld be br\ght =?40 ,book iv4 *ap4 #a4 1 1 4 8,= ! wom51 depriv$ s long ( _! husb&s1 _h associat$ ) _! slaves40 ,beloe4 ,*ap4 #b4 4 8,x is a cu/om ) ! ,scy?ians1 to deprive all ! slaves ( sight1 on ! acc\nt ( ! milk1 :i* is _! cu/om>y dr9k40 ,beloe4 ,*ap4 #c4 4 8,f ! union ( ^! slaves ) ! ,scy?ian wom51 a num]\s prog5y 0 born40 ,beloe4 ,ibid4 4 8,9 ?is conte/ ) our slaves1 e action dim9i%es our numb]40 ,beloe4 ,ibid4 4 8,!y w be impress$ ) a s5se ( _! s]vile condition40 ,beloe4 ,book v4 *ap4 #ce4 4 8,he !re=e took "o ( ! mo/ fai?ful ( 8 slaves1 & inscrib$ :at we h m5tion$ on 8 skull1 be+ fir/ %av$40 ,beloe4 ,*ap4 #di4 ' 1 1 1 4 8,! ,ionians1 :o ought to be free1 are 9 a /ate ( s]vitude2 :i* is n only disgraceful1 b also a s\rce ( ! extreme/ sorr[ to u1 z x mu/ be to y1 :o are s pre-em95t 9 ,greece4 ,i entreat y !re=e1 by ! gods ( ,greece1 to relieve ! ,ionians f slav]y1 :o are connect$ ) y by ! ties ( consangu9ity40 ,beloe4 ,book vi4 *ap4 #hc4 1 1 4 1 1 ' 4 8,argos1 h[ev]1 0 depriv$ ( s _m ( its citiz5s1 t ! slaves usurp$ ! managem5t ( affairs1 & execut$ ! (fices ( gov]nm5t2 b :5 ! sons ( ^? :o _h be5 sla9 grew up1 !y obta9$ possession ( ! city1 & aft] "s conte/ expell$ ! slaves1 :o retir$ to ,tyr9!1 :i* !y seiz$4 ,!y = a "t =ebore to mole/ ea* o!r1 till ,cle&]1 a soo?say]1 & an ,arcadian ( ! di/rict ( ,phigalis1 came among ! slaves1 :5 he p]suad$ ! slaves to attack _! ma/]s40 ,book ix4 *ap4 #dh4 4 8,we see y delegat+ to ! ,a!nians ! m dang]\s attempt ( oppos+ u1 & plac+ y\rselves aga9/ our slaves40 ,beloe4 ,9 ! 8,libellus de ,vit ,hom]i10 attribut$ to ,h]odotus1 9 ! #bc;d section we f9d ! ^w 1 us$ to mean a fell[-slave4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,ix4 ,we n[ propose to notice ! scriptural use ( ! ^w 1 d\los1 & its d]ivatives1 n only t its use may be comp>$ ) ! ,greek writ]s1 b t x may be se51 z we believe is true1 t its use 9 ^! c>ries ) x abundant pro(1 ev5 9 ! abs5ce ( all o!r1 t 8x means a slave10 & 8t he to :om x 0 appli$ 0 a slave40 ,:5ev] a ?+ is made any "p ( disc\rse1 x is necess>ily plac$ 9 a position ( comm5dation1 repreh5sion1 or ( p]fect indiff]5ce4 ,"o ( ^! conditions mu/ unavoidably att5d its m5tion4 ,a little reflection w enable u to p]ceive ^! di/9ctive positions4 ,= in/ance1 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,lay up treasures 9 heav51 :]e mo? & ru/ do? n corrupt1 nor ?ieves break ?r\gh nor /eal10 :o does n feel ! comm5dable position ( ! ?+s1 treasure & heav51 & ! rev]se ( mo?1 ru/1 & ?ieves8 ,let u apply ?is view to ! ^w s]vant1 select+ only ^? in/ances 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,scriptures1 :]e ! ^w is translat$ f ! ,greek ^w 1 d\los1 & means no?+ except :at we mean by ! ^w slave4 ,/4 ,paul comm5ces 8 epi/le to ! ,romans1 to ! ,philippians1 & to ,titus1 ) ! appellation ( s]vant4 ,9 ! two fir/ cases he calls himself ! s]vant & apo/le ( ,*ri/4 ,9 ! la/ in/ance1 he t]ms himself ! s]vant ( ,god & apo/le ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,pet]1 9 8 second epi/le1 /yles himself a s]vant & apo/le3 ,jude1 ! s]vant ( ,*ri/4 ,9 all ^! in/ances ! ^w means slave1 & is us$ comm5datively1 b figuratively1 to signify _! entire devot$ness to ! cause 9 :i* !y are engag$1--devot$ to ! cause :olly1 z a good slave is to 8 ma/]4 ,& x may be "h rem>k$1 t ! pr(ess+ ,*ri/ian is indebt$ to ! in/itution = ! lesson ( humility & devot$ness "h pla9ly taught him1 & )\t :i*1 p]haps1 he nev] c\ld h be5 taught 8 duty 9 ^! p>ticul>s s p]t95tly & cle>ly4 ,! humility & devot$ness ( ! ,*ri/ian are illu/rat$ by ?is ord9ance 9 ,john xv4 #bj3 8,rememb] ! words t ,i said unto y1 ! s]vant is n great] ?an 8 ,"l40 ,9 ! p>able ( ! v9ey>d1 ,luke #bj & ,matt4 #ba1 ! s]vant 71 d\los1 slave7 is pres5t$ 9 a position ev9c+1 ! tru/wor?9ess1 devotion1 & ob$i5ce impli$ 9 t "*1 cle>ly indicat+ ! idea t ^! qualities inspire ! m9d ( ! proprietor ) a confid5ce surpass$ only by t 9 8 son & heir4 ,& x may be well rem>k$1 t ! position ( ! slave is "o ( great facility = ! g5]at+ ( su* confid5ce 9 ! m9d ( ! ma/]4 ,betwe5 ! good slave & ! good ma/] !re c be no dissimil>ity ( int]e/1 b n s ) ! hir$ man1 see ,matt4 #bj2 = ! v mom5t ^? hir$ 9 ! morn+ = a p5ny a day p]ceiv$ t ^? :o _h n lab\r$ ! :ole day receiv$ ! same am\nt ( wages1 !y comm5c$ a qu>rel ) ! proprietor4 ,?is di/9ctive use ( language we ?9k also p]ceptible 9 ! p>able ( ! prodigal son1 ,luke xv4 #ag3 8,h[ _m hir$ s]vants 7 1 posoi mi/hioi7 ( my fa!r h bread en\gh & to sp>e10 1 p]isseu\s9 arton1 an ov]fl[+ ( bread4 ,he is n made to say t 8 fa!r's slaves _h bread en\gh1 b t ev5 8 hir$ m5 _h en\gh4 8,make me z "o ( ?y hir$ s]vants10 1 mi/hion4 ,he does n ask to be receiv$ z a son1 n ev5 to be acc\nt$ z a slave1--he feels unwor?y ( ei!r4 8,b ! fa!r said to 8 s]vants10 1 d\l\s1 slaves1 8,br+ =? ! be/ robe40 ,hav+ slaves1 x w\ld h be5 q out ( place to h call$ "o ( 8 1 mi/h\s1 hir$ m54 ,b ! eld] son 8call$ "o ( ! s]vants20 nor w\ld x h be5 natural = him to h call$ a hir$-man1 nor yet "o ( ! common slaves1 b a confid5tial s]vant1 ^: position 9 ! family w\ld enable him to possess ! in=mation requir$1 & s we f9d ! fact by ! expression 1 ton paidon aut\1 8 "y confid5tial1 fav\rite slave4 ,b ! eld] bro!r said to 8 fa!r1 8,lo1 ^! _m ye>s d ,i s]ve !e20 ! v]b us$ is 1 d\leuo1 & expresses ! fai?ful & devot$ s]vice ( a good slave1 n ( a hir$ man1 :o w\ld feel no real int]e/ beyond 8 own p]sonal b5efit4 ,& ?is ^w is put 9 ! m\? ( ! ang]$ son1 :]eby to %[ m =cibly 8 s5se ( 8 own m]its4 ,:ile we ca/ reflection back ^u ! incid5ts ( ?is p>able1 let u suppose ! own] ( slaves also to employ hir$ lab\r]s3 if f fam9e or o!r cause he f9ds himself unable to supply !m all ) bread1 :i* w\ld he turn away1 8 slaves1 or hir$ m58 or1 if !y refus$ to g1 :i* w\ld he feel dispos$ to put on small all[ance8 ,jesus ,*ri/ seems to h und]/ood t if !re 0 to be any defici5cy ( bread1 ! hir$-m5 might be expect$ fir/ to feel x4 ,our ,"l & ,savi\r1 9 pron\nc+ ?is p>able1 has giv5 u ! mo/ explicit assurance t he intimately und]/ood ! dome/ic relations ( ! slave1 & has taught u ! lesson by plac+ him side by side ) ! hir$ s]vant4 ,f ! fact t ! good slave 0 :olly devot$ & fai?ful to 8 ma/]1 ! idea 0 n only appli$ to ,paul1 ,pet]1 & ,jude1 b also to ,noah1 ,abraham1 ,isaac1 ,jacob1 ,moses1 ,jo%ua1 & ,david1 & o!rs1 to express ^! qualities 9 !m t[>ds ,jehovah2 & we f9d x s us$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,scriptures3 8,he ha? holp5 8 s]vant ,israel10 1 ,israel paidos aut\1 ,luke i4 #ed4 ,x is notic$ t ) ! ^w 8,israel0 is associat$ ! same t]m to mean slave :i* 0 appli$ to ! slave call$ by ! eld] bro!r2 & ! reason seems to be because ! "n ,israel is suppos$ to be 9 high] reg>d ?an ! ^w ,jacob1--! ^w 9 apposition %\ld also be expressive ( su* elevat$ reg>d4 ,!re=e1 if ! ^w ,jacob _h be5 us$1 ! ^w w\ld h foll[$ x4 ,?is ^w 1 pais1 :5 appli$ to a slave1 0 a ^w ( ende>m5t1 & h5ce 0 us$ 9 ! case ( ! c5turion's s]vant4 ,& we may "h well rem>k t ! case ( ! c5turion is "o 9 po9t1 pres5t+ an in/ance :]e slave-hold+ 0 br\ght to ! imm$iate & p>ticul> notice ( ! ,savi\r1 & ! record %[s 8 conduct & language ^u ! occasion4 8,= ,i am a man "u au?ority1 hav+ soldi]s "u me1 & ,i say to ?is man1 ,g1 & he goe?2 & to ano!r ,come1 & he come?2 & to my s]vant1 71 d\lo1 slave17 ,d ?is1 & he doe? x4 8,:5 ,jesus he>d x1 he m>vell$1 & said to !m t foll[$1 ,v]ily ,i say unto y1 ,i h n f\nd s great fai?1 no1 n 9 ,israel40 ,matt4 viii4 #i1 #aj4 8,& z he 0 n[ go+ d[n1 8 s]vants 71 d\loi1 slaves7 met him1 & told him1 say+1 ,?y son live?40 ,john iv4 #ea4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,x4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,scriptures use ! in/itution ( slav]y figuratively1 9 illu/ration ( ! ,*ri/ian "* & duty1 & also 9 happy illu/ration ( ! provid5ces ( ,god to man4 8,:o is t fai?ful & wise s]vant1 71 d\los1 slave17 :om 8 "l ha? made rul] ov] 8 h\sehold1 to give !m meat 9 due season8 ,bless$ is t s]vant 71 d\los1 slave17 :om 8 "l1 :5 he come?1 %all f9d s do+4 ,b if t evil s]vant 71 d\los1 slave7 %all say 9 8 he>t1 ,my "l delaye? 8 com+2 & %all beg9 to smite 8 fell[-s]vants1 71 sund\l\s1 fell[-slaves17 & to eat & dr9k ) ! drunk51 ! "l ( t s]vant 71 d\l\1 slave7 %all come 9 a day :5 he looke? n = him1 & 9 an h\r t he is n aw>e (40 8,= ! k+dom ( heav5 is z a man travell+ into a f> c\ntry1 :o call$ 8 own s]vants1 71 d\l\s1 slaves17 & deliv]$ unto !m 8 goods40 8,8 ,"l said unto him1 ,well done1 ?\ good & fai?ful s]vant1 71 d\le1 slave17 ?\ ha/ be5 fai?ful ov] a few ?+s1 ,i w make !e rul] ov] _m ?+s3 ent] ?\ into ! joy ( ?y ,"l40 8,8 "l answ]$ & said unto him1 ,?\ wick$ & slo?ful s]vant1 71 d\le1 slave17 ?\ knewe/ t ,i reap :]e ,i s[$ n1 & ga!r :]e ,i h n /rew$10 c4 8,& ca/ ye ! unpr(itable s]vant 71 d\lon1 slave7 into out] d>kness3 !re %all be weep+ & gna%+ ( tee?40 ,matt4 xxiv4 #de-ej xxv4 #ad1 #cj4 8,& he call$ 8 s]vants 71 d\l\s1 slaves71 & deliv]$ !m t5 p\nds1 & said unto !m1 ,occupy till ,i come4 ,& x came to pass1 t :5 he 0 return$1 hav+ receiv$ ! k+dom1 !n he comm&$ ^! s]vants 71 d\l\s1 slaves7 to be call$ unto him1 to :om he _h giv5 money1 t he might "k h[ mu* e man _h ga9$ by trad+40 8,& he said unto him1 ,well1 ?\ good s]vant 71 d\le1 slave71 because ?\ ha/ be5 fai?ful 9 a v little1 h ?\ au?ority ov] t5 cities40 8,& he sai? unto him1 ,out ( ?9e own m\? w ,i judge !e1 ?\ wick$ s]vant1 71 d\le1 slave47 ,?\ knewe/ t ,i 0 an au/]e man1 tak+ up t ,i laid n d[n1 & reap+ t ,i did n s[40 ,luke xix4 #ac-bh4 8,bless$ is t s]vant1 71 d\los1 slave7 :om 8 "l1 :5 he come?1 %all f9d s do+4 ,b if t s]vant 71 d\los1 slave7 say 9 8 he>t1 ,my "l delaye? 8 com+2 & %all beg9 to beat ! m5-s]vants 7 1 male-slaves7 & maid5s1 7 1 female slaves17 & to eat & dr9k & be drunk52 ! "l ( t s]vant 71 d\l\1 slave17 w come 9 a day :5 he looke? n = him1 & 9 an h\r :5 he is n aw>e1 & w cut him 9 sund]40 8,& t s]vant 71 slave7 :i* knew 8 "l's w1 & prep>$ n himself1 nei!r did accord+ to 8 w1 %all be beat5 ) _m /ripes40 ,luke xii4 #dc-dh4 ,"h is an in/ance :5 ! mo/ fav\rite slave1 call$ by ! t]m express+ su* fav\ritism1 :5 suppos$ to be disob$i5t1 is imm$iately designat$ by ! t]m 1 d\los4 8,bless$ are ^? s]vants 71 d\loi1 slaves7 :om ! "l :5 he come? %all f9d wat*+2 & if he %all come 9 ! second wat*1 or come 9 ! ?ird wat*1 & f9d !m s1 bless$ are ^? s]vants10 71 d\loi1 slaves47 ,luke xii4 #cg1 #ch4 8,& s5t 8 s]vant 71 d\los1 slave7 at supp]-"t10 c4 99 99 99 8,s t s]vant 71 d\los1 slave7 came & %[$ 8 "l ^! ?+s4 ,!n ! ma/] ( ! h\se be+ angry1 said to 8 s]vant10 71 d\lo1 slave47 8,& ! s]vant 71 d\los1 slave7 said1 ,"l1 x is done4 ,& ! "l said unto ! s]vant1 71 d\lon1 slave17 ,g out into ! highway10 c4 ,luke xiv4 #ag-bc4 8,& ye %all "k ! tru?1 & ! tru? %all make y free1 71 eleu!rosei1 free47 ,!y answ]$ him1 ,we be ,abraham's se$1 we 7 nev] 9 bondage 71 d$\leukam51 slav]y7 to any man3 h[ saye/ ?\1 ,ye %all be made free8 ,jesus answ]$ !m1 ,v]ily1 v]ily1 ,i say unto y1 :osoev] committe? s91 is ! s]vant ( s91 71 d\los1 slave47 ,& ! s]vant 71 d\los1 slave7 abide? n 9 ! h\se = ev]4 ,if ! ,son !re=e %all make y free1 ye %all be free inde$40 ,john viii4 #cb-ce4 8,b :i* ( y1 hav+ a s]vant 71 d\lon1 slave7 pl\gh+ or fe$+ cattle1 w say unto him by & by1 :5 he is come f ! field1 ,g & sit d[n to meat8 ,& w n r say unto him1 ,make ready :]e) ,i may sup1 & gird ?yself1 & s]ve me1 till ,i h eat5 & drunk52 & aft]w>d ?\ %all eat & dr9k8 ,do? he ?ank t s]vant 71 slave7 because he did ! ?+s t 7 comm&$ him8 ,i tr[ n4 ,s likewise ye1 :5 ye %all h done all ^? ?+s :i* are comm&$ y1 say1 ,we are unpr(itable s]vants 71 slaves73 we h done t :i* 0 our duty to d40 ,luke xvii4 #g-aj4 ,9 all ^! in/ances slav]y is made a lesson ( in/ruction1 & always 9 ! position comm5dable4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xi4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,scriptures recognise ! =ce & application ( ! comm&1 8,?\ %alt n covet ?y neighb\r's man-s]vant1 nor 8 maid-s]vant10 z applicable to slaves at ! "t ( ! apo/les2 & t ! act ( 8covet+10 ext5d$ into action1 becomes 8/eal+10 ! prop]ty nam$ 9 ! comm&4 8,n[ ! end ( ! comm& is *>ity out ( a pure he>t1 & ( a good consci5ce1 & ( fai? unfeign$3 f :i* "s hav+ sw]v$1 h turn$ aside unto va9 jangl+2 desir+ to be tea*]s ( ! law2 und]/&+ nei!r :at !y say1 nor :]e( !y affirm4 ,b we "k t ! law is good1 if a man use x lawfully1 kn[+ ?is1 t ! law is n made = a righte\s man1 b = ! lawless & disob$i5t1 ! ungodly1 & = s9n]s1 = unholy & pr(ane1 = murd]]s ( fa!rs1 & murd]]s ( mo!rs1 = manslay]s1 = :oremong]s1 = !m t defile !mselves ) mank9d1 = m5-/eal]s1 7 &rapodi/ais1 slave-/eal]s17 = li>s1 = p]jur$ p]sons1 & if !re be any o!r ?+ t is contr>y to s\nd doctr9e1 accord+ to ! glori\s gospel ( ! bless$ ,god1 :i* 0 committ$ to my tru/40 #a ,tim4 i4 #e-aa4 ,x may be well rememb]$ t ! prec$+ ?ird v]se ( ?is *apt] besee*es ,timo?y to /ill abide at ,ephesus1 t he may *>ge "s t !y tea* no o!r doctr9e1 c4 ,! ^w &rapodi/ais1 ( ! orig9al ,greek text1 "h translat$ m5-/eal]s1 means ! /eal+1 or entic+ away f ! possession & own]%ip ( _! ma/]s1 _! slaves4 ,/4 ,paul speaks ( x z a "p ( ! law1--speaks ( ! (f5ce z "o well kn[n1 & z too well kn[n to be a "p ( ! law to require any explanation4 ,:5 we come to "k t t act ( ! m9d call$ covet+1 indulg$ to action1 becomes /eal+1--t ! crime 9 action includes ! crime 9 m9d1--we may readily p]ceive :at p>ticul> law is ref]r$ to4 ,is x difficult to decide t prop]ty1 :i* ! law =bids u to covet1 x also =bids u to /eal1 ev5 if 8?\ %alt n /eal0 _h n prec$$8 ,! idea /eal+ 0 express$ by ! ,greeks by ! ^w 1 klepto1 b ! idea /eal+ slaves 0 express$ by ! ^w 9 ! text4 ,! =mation is 1 a man1 1 a foot1 & signifies ! condition ( slav]y1 z a man b\nd by ! foot4 ,a :ole class ( words ( ?is =mation1 all includ+ ! idea ( slav]y1 7 9 use by ! ,greeks1 & f\nd 9 _! au?ors4 ,:5 us$ to express ! sub/antive1 ! idea ( slav]y is associat$ ) ! idea ( "s *ange ( position or own]%ip2 h5ce its use 9 ?is in/ance4 ,! ?+ /ol5 involves ! idea ( a *ange ( position1 possession1 c4 ,yet 9 _m in/ances x may be difficult to p]ceive ?is di/9ction1 x r appe>+ to h be5 (t5 us$ z a synonyme ( d\los1 bo? z a v]b & sub/antive4 ,9 ! #h? section ( ! #d? book ( ! ,cyropdia1 ,x5ophon uses ?is ^w to mean a slave1 ! quality gr[+ out ( ! imput$ *ange 9 ! condition ( ! soldi]1 ?us3 1 1 4 ,:i* ,a%ley translates1 8,& z he t does ?is c no long] be reckon$ a man1 b a m]e be>] ( baggage1 s any "o t w is free to use him z a slave40 ,! ,romans s und]/ood ?is ^w4 ,9 ! translation ( ,x5ophon into ,lat9 by ,amelburnus1 we f9d ?is passage3 8,nam qui hoc facit non miles et vir e/1 s$ s>c9>ius calo2 quem uti mancipium tract>e cuivis licet20 nor c x be said t ?is le>n$ man misund]/ood 8 ,greek1 = we h be=e u ! critical translations ( ,ox=d & ,cambridge1 9 :i* ! s5t5ce reads1 8,nam qui hoc facit1 non amplius vir e/ et miles1 s$ s>c9>ius calo1 atque hoc ade uti mancipium licet40 ,!y h made no *ange z to ?is ^w1 nor z to ! s5se ( ! s5t5ce4 ,x5ophon uses ?is ^w also 9 ! #ad? section ( ! #h? book1 to mean slaves1 & 9 ! same passage ) 1 ! adjective s5se exi/+ 9 ! presum$ unwill+ness 9 ! slaves to seek fre$om1 on ! acc\nt ( _! happ9ess be+ probably bett] secur$ 9 a /ate ( slav]y to ,cyrus ?an x w\ld be 9 a /ate ( fre$om4 ,we give x entire3 ' 1 1 ' 1 4 1 1 4 1 4 1 ' 1 1 1 4 ,:i* may be translat$ ?us3 8,b 9 re>+ up 8 slaves1 he nev] p]mitt$ !m to practise ! employm5t ( ! free1 nor all[$ !m ! possession ( arms1 b took c>e t !y w\ld nev] be )\t _! meat & dr9k = ! sake ( ! practices ( ! free2 = :5 ) _! horses !y drove out ! wild bea/s into ! pla9s1 he all[$ meat & dr9k to be c>ri$ = ! use ( ^! p dur+ ! hunt1 b n = ! free2 & :5 he 0 ^u a m>*1 he l$ !m to wat]1 z he did ! bea/s ( burd52 & :5 ! "t = d9n] came1 he wait$ till !y _h eat5 some?+1 t !y might n be di/ress$ ) hung]2 s t ^! p1 z likewise ! m elevat$1 call$ him _! fa!r2 s he 0 c>eful1 beyond a d\bt1 t !y w\ld always rema9 8 slaves10 1 slaves1 i4 e4 !y w\ld h no desire to *ange _! situation4 ,amelburnus translates x ?us3 8,quos autem ad s]vi5dum in/ruebat1 eos nec ad labores ullos lib]ales excitabat1 nec hab]e arma s9ebat3 /udiosque dabat op]am1 ne unquam lib]alium ex]citationum causa vel cibo vel potu c>]5t4 ,p]mittebat enim s]vis1 quoties equitibus f]as 9 campos adig]5t1 ut cibum ad v5ationem secum sum]5t2 +5uorum v] nem9i4 ,qu&o item faciundum erat it]1 ad aquas eos1 p]9de ac jum5ta1 ducebat4 ,quum pr&ii tempus erat1 expectabat eos donec aliquid com$iss5t1 ne furcilla sive fames acrior eos afflig]et4 ,quo fiebat ut1 non alit] ac optimates1 etiam hi ,cyrum patrem appell>5t1 qui curam ipsorum g]]et ut semp] s9e dubio mancipia man]5t40 ,! ,ox=d translation1 :i* 0 publi%$ 9 #agcg1 has p]haps made ! ,lat9 m classical1 b has /rictly adh]$ to ! same mean+ ( ! words & 4 ,we give _! v]sion also1 t ! curi\s may comp>e1 & h no d\bt ab\t ?is matt]4 ,x reads ?us3 8,quos autem ad s]vi5dum in/ruebat1 eos nec ad se 9 laboribus ullis lib]alibus ex]c5dos excitabat1 nec hab]e arma s9ebat4 ,/udiosque dabat op]am1 ne unquam lib]alium ex]citationum causa vel cibo vel potu c>]5t4 ,et5im 8 p]mittebat1 ut cibum ad v5ationem secum sum]5t1 +5uorum v] nem9i3 qu&o item faci5dum erat it]1 ad aquas eos1 p]9de ac jum5ta1 ducebat4 ,et cm pr&ii tempus erat1 expectabat eos donec aliquid com$iss5t ne fames +5s eos invad]et2 quo fiebat ut etiam hi1 non alit] ac optimates1 ,cyrum patrem appell>5t1 qui curam ipsorum g]]et ut semp] s9e dubio mancipia man]5t40 ,we deem x prop] to add a ^w conc]n+ ! use ( ?is t]m1 especially z "s1 :o claim to be le>n$ div9es1 also claim t ,paul by its use totally =bid slav]y4 ,see ,b>nes1 on ,slav]y1 p4 #cee4 ,he says8 8#8,! law is made = man/eal]s1' 1 #a ,tim4 i4 #i1 #aj4 ,! mean+ ( ?is ^w has be5 be=e consid]$4 ,x ne$s only to be rem>k$ "h1 t ! ess5tial idea ( ! t]m is t ( conv]t+ a freeman into a slave4 ,?us ,passon def9es ! ^w 1 &rapodismos3 ,v]w&lung e9es frey5 ,mannes 9 e95 ,sklav51 besond]s dur* ,v>kauf1 ,unt]jo*ung1 ,u4,s4,w43 a *ang+ ( a freeman into a slave1 especially by traffic1 subjection1 c4 ,n[1 someh[ ?is #8conv]sion ( a freeman into a slave1' ! s9 =bidd5 9 ! passage be=e u1 occurs ess5tially 9 ! case ( e "o :o ev] becomes a slave40 ,we "k n :y ,mr4 ,b>nes *ose to g to a ,dut* diction>y = 8 quotation1 s9ce he might h f\nd ! true signification 9 t ( any s*oolboy4 ,b we ?9k x a s+ul> argum5t t1 because &rapodismos means ! mak+ or sell+ a slave1 &rapodi/ais means ! exact same ?+4 ,! tru? is1 ! ess5tial idea convey$ by ?is ^w is slave1 slav]y1 c4 ,if ,i wi% to say 8/eal+ a slave10 ,i use "o =m ( x2 if 8sell+ a slave10 ano!r1 & s on2 b ! /eal+ a freeman ) ! view to make him a slave 0 n express$ by ?is ^w1 or any =m ( x4 ,! ,greeks us$ ! t]m an?ropokleptais1 b ! legal r$uction ( a man to slav]y 0 q a diff]5t matt]4 ,/4 ,paul's animadv]sion compreh5d$ ! idea ( slav]y & /eal+1--:at8 a freeman1 or a slave8 ,_h x be5 a freeman t occupi$ ! objective case1 x is presumable t 8 language w\ld h _h "s analogy to t us$ 9 ! ,septuag9t1 ,deut4 xxiv4 #g4 ,?is ^w1 or "s =m ( x1 is ( mo/ frequ5t occurr5ce 9 ! ,greek au?ors4 ,we ne$ quote b a few passages to %[ _! use ( ! t]m1 :e!r x includ$ ! idea ( a freeman1 or only t ( a slave4 ,?ucydides1 ,leipsic edition1 #ahbi3 ' 1 1 ' 1 1 4 8,b ! ,a!nians li/5$ to none ( ^! dem&s1 nor w\ld revoke ! decree1 b reproa*$ ! ,meg>ians = till+ l& t 0 sacr$1 l& n m>k$ out = culture1 & = giv+ %elt] to runaway slaves40 ,vol4 ii4 p4 #ach4 1 4 8,b ! vessels came back along ! coa/1 on bo>d ( :i* 7 ! slaves40 ,idem4 4 8,& "h !y (f]$ ! slaves = sale40 ,p4 #aah4 --8,hycc>ian slaves40 ,p4 #bja4 4 8,& m ?an tw5ty ?\s& slaves _h des]t$40 ,p4 #cad4 1 1 ' 4 8,he gave up all ! effects & slaves to pillage1 & aft] e/abli%+ su* z 7 free p 9 _! old habitations1 he w5t aga9/ ,abydos40 ,! in/ances ( ! use ( ?is ^w are s frequ5t t we "k n :e!r m ( !m %\ld n be giv52 b may we n presume t ^? :o read ! language h "s k ( ! matt]8 & we !re=e ask !m to relieve u f t burd54 ,we ?9k x no haz>d to ma9ta9 ! fact t 1 its cognates & d]ivatives1 bo? n\ns & adjectives1 are nev] us$ 9 ! ,greek language unassociat$ ) ! idea ( slav]y4 ,if s1 !n x foll[s t ! idea /eal+1 z x exi/$ 9 ! m9d ( ,/4 ,paul1 0 n associat$ ) ! idea 8man10 b 8slave10 & t he us$ ! t]m 1 &rapodi/ais1 to express ! idea 8slave-/eal]s40 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xii4 ,b z ! v]b 1 &rapodizo1 & its conjugates1 are sometimes us$ to express ! action ( subject+ to slav]y1 x is ask$1 h[ are we to "k :e!r ,paul did n mean su* subjugation8 ,x 0 surely 9 ! compass ( ! ,greek language = ,paul s to h us$ ! prop] mood & t5se ( ?is v]b1 ) o!r suitable words1 & effectually =bid ! subject+ ( o!rs to slav]y4 ,b is x probable he c\ld h consi/5tly done s8 ,su* =bidd+ w\ld h be5 =bidd+ :at ! law prescrib$4 ,x w\ld h be5 a rebelli\s tea*+ aga9/ ! laws ( ! l&1 z well z aga9/ ! laws deliv]$ to ,moses = ! civil gov]nm5t ( ! ,israelites4 8,:5 ?\ come/ nigh unto a city to fight aga9/ x1 ?\ %alt proclaim peace unto x2 & x %all be1 if x make answ] ( peace1 & op5 unto !e1 !n x %all be1 t all ! p t are f\nd !re9 %all be tribut>ies unto !e1 & !y %all s]ve !e10 7 va abaduka1 be slaves to !e--& !y %all be slaves to !e47 8,b if x w make no peace ) !e1 b w make w> aga9/ !e1 !n ?\ %alt besiege x3 & :5 ! ,"l ?y ,god ha? deliv]$ x into ?y h&s1 ?\ %alt smite e male !re( ) ! edge ( ! sword4 ,b ! wom51 & ! little ones1 & ! cattle1 & all t is 9 ! city1 ev5 all ! spoil !re(1 %alt ?\ take to ?yself40 ,deut4 xx4 #aj-ad4 ,su*1 sub/antially1 0 ! law ( all nations at ! v "t ,paul wrote to ,timo?y4 ,! v]b propos$ ! mak+ ( a slave 9 a legal mann]1 r$uc+ to ! condition allud$ to by ! prophet4 8,%all ! prey be tak5 f ! mighty1 or ! lawful captive re/or$80 ,isa4 xlix4 #bd4 ,! v]b &rapodizo express$ a lawful act4 ,if individuals1 )\t law1 _h seiz$ ^u ! o!rs ) ! view to make !m slaves1 su* act w\ld h be5 call$ by a diff]5t "n4 ,x w\ld n h be5 a "n =m$ f & 1 7an] & p\s17 unaccompani$ by explanations4 ,we h an example be=e u 9 ,deut4 xxiv4 #g3 8,if any man be f\nd /eal+ any ( 8 bre?r5 ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 & make? m]*&ise ( him1 or selle? him1 !n t ?ief %all die40 ,"h ! individual /ol5 0 n a slave1 ei!r by ! laws ( ,god or man3 & h5ce we f9d t ! ,septuag9t uses no ^w to signify slave4 ,! passage reads ?us3 1 1 4 ,& _h ,/4 ,paul m]ely 9 8 m9d ! idea man-/eal+1 unconnect$ ) slav]y1 he w\ld h us$ analog\s language4 ,9 ! passage 9 ,timo?y1 he might well h us$ ! t]m 1 an?ropokleptais1 :i* w\ld h express$ ! same ?+1--an unlawful act1 an act =bidd5 9 ! passage j quot$1--! act ( /eal+ a freeman1 ) an int5tion ( mak+ him a slave1 contr>y to law2 & ,paul w\ld h probably add$ ?is (f5ce1 if ! ,ephesians _h be5 guilty ( ! crime4 ,b ,paul did n use a ^w ev5 conjugat$ f 1 &rapodizo1 b a cognate sub/antive1 us$ almo/ te*nically to mean ^? :o /ole slaves1 n freem54 ,! ^w us$ by ,paul is translat$ into ,lat91 9 ! ,vulgate1 by ! ^w plagi>iis1 :i* also means ^? :o /ole slaves4 ,x is =m$ f plagig]1 "o born to be :ipp$1 7! ,romans 7 cruel to _! slaves17 & areo1 to be p>*$ up1 to be ?ir/y1 & h5ce plagi>ius1 f ! notion t he :o /ole slaves covet$ ! slave ) su* int5sity t he ?ir/$ = ! slave1 & appropriat$ him to himself z a ?ir/y man does wat]4 ,x orig9ally 0 a m]e cant ^w4 ,b x express$ ! contempt ! ,romans ent]ta9$ = ! act ( slave-/eal+4 ,h5ce has come our ^w plagi>y2 only us$ n[ to mean ! act ( appropriat+ ! lit]>y prop]ty ( ano!r1 b /ill reta9+1 to "s ext5t1 ! expression ( contempt4 ,! le>n$ m5 :o translat$ ! ,new ,te/am5t into ,lat9 well knew t ,paul told ,timo?y t ! law 0 made aga9/ ^? :o /ole slaves3 & s we f9d x1 ,?\ %alt n /eal4 ,?\ %alt n ev5 covet ?y neighb\r's slave4 7,see ,exod4 xx4 #ae1 #ag2 also ,deut4 v4 #ai1 #bj47 ,_h ,paul us$ ! ^w &rapodizo1 or "s =m ( x1 & _h he really int5d$ to h told ,timo?y t he or o!rs %\ld no long]1 "u any circum/ances1 subject o!rs to slav]y1 or "u ! ,*ri/ian disp5sation he %\ld n2 t ,*ri/ianity =bid x2 yet he c\ld n h be5 s %all[ z to h add$ ! s5tim5t t x 0 aga9/ ! law1 = su* addition1 su* "p ( 8 in/ruction1 ,timo?y w\ld h at once kn[n to be n true2 & we tru/ b few w ent]ta9 a position s full ( gross consequ5ces4 ,?is disc\rse to ,timo?y 0 f\nd$ ^u ! fact t 8"s _h sw]v$0 f ! end ( ! law1 & turn$ to va9 jangl+1 desir+ to be tea*]s ( ! law1 und]/&+ nei!r :at !y say nor :]e( !y affirm1--probably tea*+ doctr9es t l$ ess5tially to ! crimes "h expos$4 ,paul's object1 9 "p1 0 to expose _! ignorance & wick$ness1 to su/a9 ! supremacy ( ! law1 & by 8 c\nsel to w>n him aga9/ a %ipwreck ( fai?1 z 9 ! case ( ,hym5eus & ,alex&]4 ,c x be suppos$ t "u su* circum/ances he w\ld h und]tak5 to h repeal$ a law1 or to h ass]t$ t ! law prohibit$ :at x su/a9$8 ,9 su* case1 he w\ld h done ! v act himself = :i* he condemn$ ,hym5eus & ,alex&]1 & h prov$ himself "o ( ! lawless & disob$i5t1 = :om ! law 0 made4 ,!re is ano!r consid]ation1 :i* to our m9d is ( mom5t 9 ! review ( ?is subject4 ,! religion ( ,jesus ,*ri/ nev] und]took to m$dle ) ! civil in/itutions ( ! law4 ,its object 0 to make its devotees happy "u & resign$ to its adjudications1 :atev] !y may h be51 by reason ( ! great] consid]ations ( a h]eaft]2 nor d we recollect an in/ance :]e ei!r ,*ri/ or 8 apo/les ev5 sugge/$ any repeal4 ,8 k+dom 0 n ( ?is _w1 & !re=e 8 foll[]s c\ld n act 9 ref]5ce to ! ?+s ( ?is _w4 ,pet] 9 8 zeal smote (f ! e> ( ! slave ( ! high-prie/1 b ,*ri/ imm$iately rebuk$ ! act & re/or$ ! injury done4 ,_h ,paul int5d$ to h sugge/$ t ! subject+ to slav]y1 z t subject !n exi/$ & ev] _h f ! "t ( ,moses1 0 no long] to be c\nt5anc$1 !n1 x seems to u1 he w\ld h travell$ beyond ! mission ( an apo/le1 ! precepts ( 8 ,ma/]1 & out ( 8 k+dom into ! problematical que/ions ( civil gov]nm5t4 ,paul1 9 ! passage be=e u1 enum]ates a class ( ! brea*es ( ! law :i* came )9 ! view ( ,timo?y1 :i* brea*es ( ! law he pron\nces to be 8contr>y to s\nd doctr9e10 & 8to ! glori\s gospel ( ! bless$ ,god1 :i* 0 committ$ to my tru/10 hav+ previ\sly notifi$ him 8t ! law 0 good if a man use x lawfully40 ,n[1 "o ( ! pla9 & well-kn[n laws on ! subject ( slav]y 01 8,bo? ?y bond-m5 & ?y bond-maids :i* ?\ %alt h1 %all be ( ! hea!n t are ar\nd ab\t y2 ( !m %all y buy bond-m5 & bond-maids4 ,moreov]1 ( ! *ildr5 ( ! /rang]s t d soj\rn among y1 ( !m %all ye buy1 & _! families t are ) y1 :i* !y beget 9 y\r l&1 & !y %all be y\r possession4 ,& ye %all take !m z an inh]itance = y\r *ildr5 aft] y1 to inh]it !m = a possession4 ,!y %all be y\r bond-m5 = ev]40 ,"u su* a /ate ( facts c any ?+ be conceiv$ m inconsi/5t1 ?an t ,paul %\ld1 "u su* circum/ances1 design to slip 9 a ^w repeal+ 9 fact ?is law1 & directly produc+ all ! o!r ill effects :i* he s po9t$ly compla9$ ( 9 o!rs4 ,:oev] c believe su* a ?+1 surely1 :atev] he may pret5d1 c h no respect = ! "* ( ,paul1 nor = 8 religion4 ,b ! "* ( ,paul rema9s consi/5t1 8 religion unblemi%$ & spotless1 & ! prea*+ ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 9 relation to ! matt] v9dicat$ & support$1 by giv+ to ! ^w &rapodi/ais1 z "h us$ by ,paul1 its pla91 legitimate1 & usual mean+1 slave-/eal]s1 p]sons :o /eal1 or entice away f ! possession ( _! ma/]s1 individuals :o accord+ to ! law are slaves4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xiii4 ,! inquiry naturally occurs1 h[ happ5$ x t ,/4 ,paul f\nd x necess>y to in/ruct & in=m ,timo?y t ! law =bid ! /eal+ or entic+ away o!r m5's slaves4 ,by an exam9ation ( 8 writ+s & lett]s to ! ,g5tile *ur*es1 ! fact is pla9ly prov5 t !re _h gr[n up among !m "s new doctr9es1 :i* 8 (fice z apo/le made x 8 duty to repreh5d4 ,:at ^! doctr9es 7 we are enabl$ 9 "s measure to discov]1 by exam9+ ! #g? ( ! #a/ ,cor9?ians1 :i* comm5ces ?us3 8,n[ conc]n+ ! ?+s :]e( ye wrote unto me10 disclos+ ! fact t ! ,cor9?ians _h writt5 to him = advice & c\nsel1 :om he n[ answ]s ) in/ructions aga9/ ! abolition ( m>riage1 & aga9/ ! abolition ( slav]y1 c4 ,"s ( ! ,g5tile *ur*es advocat$ ! doctr9e t if a man or a woman ( ! fai? 7 m>ri$ to "o n ( ! fai?1 t su* m>riage %\ld be aboli%$2 s also1 t a slave ( ! fai? %\ld be set free1 & especially f 8 believ+ ma/]2 s also1 ! believ+ *ild %\ld be dis*>g$ f ! au?ority ( ! unbeliev+ p>5ts4 ,! promulgation ( ^! doctr9es fill$ society ) disord] !re1 & ! *ur* ) confusion4 ,9 8 lesson to ,timo?y1 he compla9s ( ! doctr9es taught by ,hym5eus & ,alex&]1 z blasphem\s4 ,n[1 9 ?is same lesson1 he applies ?is epi!t to ^! new abolition doctr9es1 leav+ u pla9ly to inf] t ^! doctr9es 7 also taught by !m1 & = :i* he 8deliv]$0 !m 8unto ,satan40 ,& "h we h a connect+ l9k betwe5 ?is lesson to ,timo?y & 8 :ole in/ruction to ! ,g5tile *ur*es on ?is subject4 ,b ^! doctr9es1 z taught by ,hym5eus & ,alex&]1 or o!rs analog\s1 h f\nd advocates ev] s9ce2 = folly has nev] be5 s fooli% nor wick$ness s wick$ z n to f9d foll[]s4 ,^! new doctr9es ,paul repreh5d$ 9 _m o!r places1 & t\*+ ! subject ( our pres5t inquiry1 let u exam9e h[ he treat$ ! matt] dur+ ! "t ( 8 apo/le%ip4 8,let e man abide 9 ! same call+ :]e9 he 0 call$4 ,art ?\ call$ be+ a s]vant1 71 d\los1 slave17 c>e n = x2 b if ?\ maye/ be made free1 use x r4 ,= he t is call$ 9 ! ,"l1 be+ a s]vant1 71 d\los1 slave17 is ! ,"l's freeman2 likewise1 also1 he t is call$1 be+ free1 is ,*ri/'s s]vant1 71 d\los1 slave47 ,ye are b\ght ) a price2 be ye n ! s]vant 71 d\los1 slave7 ( m54 ,bre?r51 let e man1 :]e9 he is call$1 !re9 abide ) ,god40 #a ,cor4 vii4 #bj-bd4 ,& ?is is consi/5t ) 8 introduction to ! subject 9 ! #ag? v]se3 8,b z ,god ha? di/ribut$ to e man1 z ! ,"l ha? call$ e "o1 s let him walk1 & s orda9 ,i 9 all *ur*es40 ,comp>e ?is ) 8 in/ruction to ,titus3 8,exhort s]vants 71 d\l\s1 slaves17 to be ob$i5t unto _! own ma/]s1 & to please !m well 9 all ?+s4 ,n answ]+ aga91 n purlo9+1 b %[+ all good fidelity2 t !y may adorn ! doctr9e ( ,god our ,savi\r 9 all ?+s4 ,= ! grace ( ,god t br+e? salvation ha? appe>$ to all m51 tea*+ u t1 d5y+ ungodl9ess & worldly lu/s1 we %\ld live sob]ly1 righte\sly1 & godly 9 ?is pres5t _w2 look+ = t bless$ hope1 & ! glori\s appe>+ ( ! great ,god1 & our ,savi\r ,jesus ,*ri/2 :o gave himself = u1 t he might r$eem u f all iniquity1 & purify unto himself a peculi> p1 zeal\s ( good works4 ,^! ?+s speak1 & exhort1 & rebuke ) all au?ority4 ,let no man despise !e40 ,titus ii4 #i-ae4 ,& to ! ,colossians3 8,s]vants1 71 d\loi1 slaves17 obey 9 all ?+s y\r ma/]s accord+ to ! fle%2 n ) eye-s]vice1 z m5-pleas]s2 b 9 s+l5ess ( he>t1 fe>+ ,god3 & :atsoev] ye d1 d x he>tily1 z to ! ,"l1 & n unto m52 kn[+ t ( ! ,"l ye %all receive ! rew>d ( ! inh]itance3 = ye s]ve 71 d\leuete1 ye slave y\rselves to7 ! ,"l ,*ri/4 ,b he t doe? wrong %all receive = ! wrong :i* he ha? done3 & !re is no respect ( p]sons4 ,ma/]s1 give unto y\r s]vants 71 d\lois1 slaves7 t :i* is j & equal2 kn[+ t ye also h a ,ma/] 9 heav540 ,col4 iii4 #bb1 #be2 iv4 #a4 ,& to ! ,ephesians3 8,s]vants1 71 d\loi1 slaves17 be ob$i5t to !m t are y\r ma/]s accord+ to ! fle%1 ) fe> & trembl+1 9 s+l5ess ( y\r he>t1 z unto ,*ri/2 n ) eye-s]vice 71 oph?almod\leian1 slav]y to ! eye7 z m5-pleas]s2 b z ! s]vants 71 d\loi1 slaves7 ( ,*ri/1 do+ ! w ( ,god f ! he>t2 ) good-w do+ s]vice 71 d\leuontes1 slav+ y\rselves7 z to ! ,"l1 & n to m52 kn[+ t :atsoev] good ?+ any man doe?1 ! same %all he receive ( ! ,"l1 :e!r he be bond 71 d\los1 slave7 or free 71 eleu!ros1 a freeman74 ,& ye ma/]s1 d ! same ?+s unto !m1 =be>+ ?reat5+3 kn[+ t y\r ,ma/] is also 9 heav51 nei!r is !re respect ( p]sons ) him40 ,eph4 vi4 #e-i4 ,&1 f9ally1 to ,timo?y3 8,let z _m s]vants 71 d\loi1 slaves7 z are "u ! yoke c\nt _! own ma/]s wor?y ( all hon\r1 t ! "n ( ,god & 8 doctr9e be n blasphem$4 ,& !y t h believ+ ma/]s1 let !m n despise !m because !y are bre?r52 b r d !m s]vice1 71 d !m slave-lab\r17 because !y are fai?ful & belov$1 p>tak]s ( ! b5efit4 ,^! ?+s tea* & exhort4 ,if any man tea* o!rwise1 & cons5t n to :olesome words1 ev5 ! words ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 & to ! doctr9e :i* is accord+ to godl9ess1 he is pr\d1 kn[+ no?+1 b dot+ ab\t que/ions & /rifes ( words1 :]e( come? envy1 /rife1 rail+s1 evil surmis+s1 p]v]se disput+s ( m5 ( corrupt m9ds1 & de/itute ( ! tru?1 suppos+ t ga9 is godl9ess3 f su* )draw ?yself4 ,b godl9ess ) cont5tm5t is great ga94 ,= we br\ght no?+ into ?is _w1 & x is c]ta9 we c c>ry no?+ out4 ,& hav+ food & raim5t1 let u be !re) cont5t4 ,b !y t w be ri* fall into temptation & a sn>e1 & into _m fooli% & hurtful lu/s1 :i* dr[n m5 9 de/ruction & p]dition4 ,= ! love ( money is ! root ( all evil3 :i* :ile "s covet$ aft]1 !y h err$ f ! fai?1 & pi]c$ !mselves ?r\gh ) _m sorr[s4 ,b ?\1 ,o man ( ,god1 flee ^! ?+s2 & foll[ aft] righte\sness1 godl9ess1 fai?1 love1 pati5ce1 meekness4 ,fight ! good fight ( fai?1 lay hold on et]nal life1 :]eunto ?\ art also call$1 & ha/ pr(ess$ a good pr(ession be=e _m witnesses4 ,i give !e *>ge 9 ! sight ( ,god1 :o quick5e? all ?+s1 & be=e ,*ri/ ,jesus1 :o be=e ,pontius ,pilate witness$ a good confession1 t ?\ keep ?is comm&m5t )\t spot1 unrebukable1 until ! appe>+ ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/40 #a ,tim4 vi4 #a-ad4 ,f ! argum5ts "h pres5t$ to ,timo?y 9 support ( ! doctr9e :i* ,paul inv>iably taught 9 relation to slav]y1 we may well suppose he felt a deep int]e/1 ev5 anxiety1 to prev5t ^! new doctr9es f affect+ ,timo?y's m9d 9 _! fav\r2 & we _c b notice1 t :ile1 ) ! dignifi$ au?ority ( an apo/olic tea*]1 8 in/ructions are full1 di/9ct1 & c]ta91 yet !y are accompani$ ) a c\rte\sness ( explanation consolatory ev5 to ! slave1 ! subject ( !m1 & ) a solemnity ( atte/ation t fa?oms ! v f\ndation ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xiv4 ,jesus ,*ri/ ann\nc$ to ! ,jews t :osoev] committe? s9 is ! s]vant 71 d\los1 slave7 ( s92 t ! s]vant 71 d\los1 slave7 abide? n 9 ! h\se = ev]1 b ! son abide? ev]1 c42 !re=e1 if ! son make !m free1 !y %all be free inde$1 c4 ,( ! doctr9e "h inculcat$ by ! ,savi\r himself1 x seems to u ,/4 ,paul has giv5 a full & happy illu/ration2 &1 by 8 us+ ! in/itution ( slav]y z a pr9cipal m$ium ( 8 illu/ration1 & by ref]r+ to facts well-kn[n 9 ! hi/ory ( ! in/itution ( slav]y1 has n only recognis$ its exi/5ce1 b also t x exi/$ 9 con=mity ) ! ord9ances ( ,god3 & we deem 8 illu/ration n ! less valuable1 because x expla9s :at is meant by1 & h[ we are to und]/&1 ! ,*ri/ian equality ( all 9 t *ur*4 ,9 addition to :at we h already read f 8 writ+s1 we may also notice1 8,is ! law !n aga9/ ! promises ( ,god8 ,god =bid2 = if !re _h be5 a law giv5 :i* c\ld h giv5 life1 v]ily righte\sness %\ld h come by ! law4 ,b ! scripture ha? conclud$ all "u s91 t ! promise by fai? ( ,jesus ,*ri/ might be giv5 to !m t believe4 ,b be=e fai? came1 we 7 kept "u ! law1 %ut up unto ! fai? :i* %\ld aft]w>ds be reveal$4 ,:]e=e ! law 0 our s*oolma/] to br+ u unto ,*ri/1 t we might be ju/ifi$ by fai?4 ,b aft] t fai? is come1 we are no long] "u a s*oolma/]4 ,= ye are all ! *ildr5 ( ,god by fai? 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,= z _m ( y z h be5 baptiz$ into ,*ri/1 h put on ,*ri/4 ,!re is nei!r ,jew nor ,greek1 !re is nei!r bond 71 d\los1 slave7 nor free1 !re is nei!r male nor female3 = ye are all "o 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,& if ye be ,*ri/'s1 !n are ye ,abraham's se$1 & heirs accord+ to ! promise40 ,gal4 iii4 #ba-bi4 8,n[ ,i say1 t ! heir1 z long z he is a *ild1 diff]e? no?+ f a s]vant1 71 d\los1 slave7 ?\gh he be "l ( all2 b is "u tutors & gov]nors until ! "t appo9t$ ( ! fa!r4 ,ev5 s we1 :5 we 7 *ildr51 7 9 bondage 71 d$\lom5oi1 a /ate ( slav]y7 "u ! elem5ts ( ! _w4 ,b :5 ! fulness ( ! "t 0 come1 ,god s5t =? 8 ,son1 made ( a woman1 made "u ! law1 to r$eem !m t 7 "u ! law1 t we might receive ! adoption ( sons4 ,& because ye are sons1 ,god ha? s5t =? ! ,_s ( 8 ,son into y\r he>ts1 cry+1 ,abba1 ,fa!r4 ,:]e=e ?\ art no m a s]vant1 71 d\los1 slave17 b a son2 & if a son1 !n an heir ( ,god ?r\gh ,*ri/4 ,h[beit !n1 :5 ye knew n ,god1 ye did s]vice 71 ed\leusate1 did slave y\rselves7 unto !m :i* by nature are no gods4 ,b n[1 aft] t ye h kn[n ,god1 or r are kn[n ( ,god1 h[ turn ye aga9 to ! weak & begg>ly elem5ts1 :]eunto ye desire aga9 to be 9 bondage80 71 d\leue91 to be 9 slav]y47 ,gal4 iv4 #a-i4 8,tell me1 ye t desire to be "u ! law1 d ye n he> ! law8 ,= x is writt51 t ,abraham _h two sons2 ! "o by a bond-maid1 71 paidiskes1 a fav\rite female slave17 & ! o!r by a free-woman4 ,b he :o 0 ( ! bond-woman 71 paidiskes1 a fav\rite female slave7 0 born aft] ! fle%1 b he ( ! free-woman 0 by promise4 ,:i* ?+s are an allegory3 = ^! are ! two cov5ants2 ! "o f ! m\nt ,s9ai 9 ,arabia1 :i* g5d]e? to bondage1 71 d\leian1 slav]y17 :i* is ,ag>4 ,= ?is ,ag> is m\nt ,s9ai 9 ,arabia1 & answ]e? to ,j]usalem :i* n[ is1 & is 9 bondage 71 d\leuei1 slav]y7 ) h] *ildr54 ,b ,j]usalem :i* is above is free1 :i* is ! "m ( u all40 ,gal4 iv4 #ba-bf4 8,n[ we1 bre?r51 z ,isaac 01 are ! *ildr5 ( promise4 ,b z !n he t 0 born aft] ! fle% p]secut$ him t 0 born aft] ! ,_s1 ev5 s x is n[4 ,nev]!less1 :at sai? ! scripture8 ,ca/ out ! bond-woman 71 paidisk51 fav\rite female slave7 & h] son3 = ! son ( ! bond-woman 71 paidiskes1 fav\rite female slave7 %all n be heir ) ! son ( ! free-woman4 ,s !n1 bre?r51 we are n *ildr5 ( ! bond-woman1 71 paidiskes1 fav\rite female slave17 b ( ! free4 ,/& fa/ !re=e 9 ! lib]ty :]e) ,*ri/ ha? made u free1 & be n entangl$ aga9 ) ! yoke ( bondage10 71 d\leias1 slav]y47 ,gal4 iv4 #bi-ca1 v4 #a4 ,9 ^! lessons ( ,paul we n only f9d ! ,greek use ( ! ^w 8d\los10 b we f9d also ! doctr9e t slav]y is ! quoti5t ( s94 ,x is true he (t5 uses ! ^w figuratively to illu/rate ! devotion & ob$i5ce ( ! humble foll[]s ( ,jesus ,*ri/2 b 9 him :o spurns ob$i5ce to ! laws ( ,god1 & rejects ! fai? ( ! gospel1 ! "* is fix$ & p]man5t1 z is ! c\rse ( conduct t gives x4 ,:ile 9 ?is portion ( our pres5t ,/udy1 we desire to br+ to m9d ! ^w d\los & its cognates1 z us$ 9 ! anci5t ,greek ,scriptures1 ) ! design t x may be easily comp>$ ) its use by ! classical au?ors 9 t language4 ,we %all be happy if successful 9 ! attempt to pres5t x 9 su* =m t ! m9d may ackn[l$ge ! doctr9e inculcat$ to be consi/5t ) ! ju/ice ( ,div9e provid5ce & ! m]cy ( a r$eem+ love2 t ! d$uction %all be evid5t2 t slav]y is a creation ( ,div9e ju/ice ^u ! model ( m]cy1 e way adapt$ to b5efit ! mo/ deg5]ate & wick$ races ( mank9d2 & t its :ole action manife/s ! pr9ciple1 t he :om ! ,fa!r love?1 him he *a/5e?2--& su*1 inde$1 is ! object ( our entire /udy4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xv4 ,f ! writ+s ( ,/4 ,paul1 we deem ! d$uction cle>1 t he consid]$ slav]y to be a consequ5t ( s91 & pla9ly set x =? 9 8 address to ! ,romans4 8,:]e=e z by "o man s9 ent]$ into ! _w1 & dea? by s91 & s dea? pass$ ^u all m51 = t all h s9n$4 ,= until 71 a*ri1 z f> z--see ,iliad1 xvii4 #eii7 ! law1 s9 0 9 ! _w3 b s9 is n imput$ :]e !re is no law4 ,nev]!less1 dea? reign$ f ,adam to ,moses1 ev5 ov] !m t _h n s9n$ aft] ! similitude ( ,adam's transgression1 :o is ! figure ( him t 0 to come40 ,rom4 v4 #ab-bd4 8,"k ye n1 t to :om ye yield y\rselves s]vants 71 d\l\s1 slaves7 to obey1 8 s]vants 71 d\loi1 slaves7 ye are to :om ye obey2 :e!r ( s9 unto dea?1 or ( ob$i5ce unto righte\sness8 ,b ,god be ?ank$1 t ye 7 ! s]vants 71 d\loi1 slaves7 ( s91 b ye h obey$ f ! he>t t =m ( doctr9e :i* 0 deliv]$ y4 ,be+ !n made free f s91 ye became ! s]vants 7 ed\lo!te1 ye enslav$ y\rselves7 to righte\sness unto hol9ess4 ,= :5 ye 7 ! s]vants 7es7 ( s91 ye 7 free f righte\sness4 ,:at fruit _h ye !n1 9 ^? ?+s :]e( ye are n[ a%am$8 = ! end ( ^? ?+s is dea?4 ,b n[1 be+ free f s91 & become s]vants 71 d\lo!ntes1 slav+ y\rselves7 to ,god1 ye h fruit unto hol9ess1 & 9 ! end ev]la/+ life4 ,= ! wages ( s9 is dea?3 b ! gift ( ,god is et]nal life1 ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/ our ,"l40 ,rom4 vi4 #af-bc4 8,= z _m z are l$ by ! ,_s ( ,god1 !y are ! sons ( ,god4 ,= ye h n receiv$ ! _s ( bondage 71 d\leias1 slav]y7 aga9 to fe>1 b ye h receiv$ ! _s ( adoption1 :]eby we cry1 ,abba1 ,fa!r4 ,! ,_s itself be>e? witness ) our _s1 t we are ! *ildr5 ( ,god2 & if *ildr51 !n heirs3 heirs ( ,god1 & jo9t heirs ) ,*ri/3 if s be t we suff] ) him1 t we may be also glorifi$ toge!r4 ,= ,i reckon1 t ! suff]+s ( ?is pres5t "t are n wor?y to be comp>$ ) ! glory :i* %all be reveal$ 9 u4 ,= ! e>ne/ expectation ( ! creature waite? = ! manife/ation ( ! sons ( ,god4 ,= ! creature 0 made subject to vanity1 n will+ly1 b by reason ( him :o ha? subject$ ! same 9 hope4 ,because ! creature itself also %all be deliv]$ f ! bondage 71 d\leias1 slav]y7 ( corruption1 into ! glori\s lib]ty ( ! *ildr5 ( ,god4 ,= we "k t ! :ole creation groane? & travaile? 9 pa9 toge!r until n[3 & n only !y1 b ourselves also1 :i* h ! fir/fruits ( ! ,_s1 ev5 we ourselves groan )9 ourselves1 wait+ = ! adoption1 to wit1 ! r$emption ( our body40 ,rom4 viii4 #ad-bc4 8,s !n1 ) ! m9d ,i myself s]ve 71 d\leuo1 slave myself to7 ! law ( ,god1 b ) ! fle% ! law ( s940 ,rom4 vii4 #be4 8,= !y t are su* s]ve 71 d\leu\s91 slave !mselves to7 n our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 b _! own belly40 ,rom4 xvi4 #ah4 ,! ^w 8d\los0 is us$ by ,pet] 9 a simil> mann]3 8,= s is ! w ( ,god1 t ) well-do+ ye may put to sil5ce ! ignorance ( fooli% m53 z free1 n us+ y\r lib]ty = a cloak ( malici\sness1 b z ! s]vants ( ,god10 71 d\loi1 slaves47 ,idem3 8,:ile !y promise !m lib]ty1 !y !mselves are ! s]vants1 71 d\loi1 slaves7 ( corruption3 = ( :om a man is ov]come1 ( ! same is he br\ght 9 bondage10 71 d$\lotai1 is he enslav$47 ,fur!r in/ances ( ! use ( ! ^w 8d\los0 9 ! orig9al ,greek ,scriptures w be f\nd z foll[s3--8,b ,i keep "u my body & br+ x into subjection1 71 d\lagogo1 & guide x z 9 slav]y17 le/ t by any means :5 ,i h prea*$ to o!rs1 ,i myself %\ld be a ca/away40 #a ,cor4 ix4 #bg4 8,= by "o ,_s we are all baptiz$ into "o body1 :e!r we are ,jews or ,g5tiles1 :e!r we are bond 71 d\loi1 slaves7 or free1 & h be5 all made to dr9k into "o _s40 #a ,cor4 xii4 #ac4 8,:]e !re is nei!r ,greek nor ,jew1 circumcision nor uncircumcision1 b>b>ian1 ,scy?ian1 bond 71 d\los1 slave7 nor free40 ,col4 iii4 #aa4 8,z ye also le>n$ ( ,epaphras1 our de> fell[-s]vant0 7 sund\l\1 fell[-slave47 ,col4 i4 #g4 8,b if ! unbeliev+ dep>t1 let him dep>t2 a bro!r or a si/] is n "u bondage 71 d$\lotai1 is enslav$7 9 su* cases40 #a ,cor4 vii4 #ae4 8,= ye suff] if a man br+ y into bondage10 71 katad\loi1 r$uce y to slav]y17 c4 #b ,cor4 xi4 #bj4 8,= he t 9 ^! ?+s s]ve? 7d\lesei1 d\leusei1 %all slave himself to7 ,*ri/ is acceptable to ,god & approv$ ( m540 ,rom4 xiv4 #ah4 8,x 0 said unto h]1 ! eld] %all s]ve 71 %all slave himself to7 ! y\ng]2 = x is writt51 ,jacob h ,i lov$1 b ,esau h ,i hat$40 ,rom4 ix4 #ab1 #ac4 8,& behold1 "o ( !m :i* 7 ) ,jesus1 /ret*$ out 8 h&1 & drew 8 sword1 & /ruck a s]vant 71 d\lon1 slave7 ( ! high-prie/1 & smote (f 8 e>40 ,matt4 xxvi4 #ea4 8,& "o ( !m t /ood by drew 8 sword1 & smote a s]vant 71 d\lon1 slave17 ( ! high-prie/1 & cut (f 8 e>40 ,m>k xiv4 #dg4 8,& "o ( !m smote a s]vant 71 d\lon1 slave7 ( ! high-prie/1 & cut (f 8 "r e>40 ,luke xxii4 #ej4 8,!n ,simon ,pet]1 hav+ a sword1 drew x1 & smote ! high-prie/'s s]vant 71 d\lon1 slave17 & cut (f 8 "r e>4 ,! s]vant's 71 d\lo1 slave7 "n 0 ,mal*us40 8,"o ( ! s]vants 71 d\lon1 slaves7 ( ! high-prie/ 7be+ 8 k9sman ^: e> ,pet] cut (f7 sai?1 ,did n ,i see !e 9 ! g>d5 ) him80 ,john xviii4 #aj1 #bf4 8,& ! s]vants 71 d\loi1 slaves7 & (fic]s /ood !re1 :o _h made a fire ( coals1 7= x 0 cold17 & !y w>m$ !mselves3 & ,pet] /ood ) !m & w>m$ himself40 ,john xviii4 #ah4 ,!re are sev]al in/ances :]e ! ^w is us$ figuratively1 z a submissive epi!t1 z an example ( :i* we cite ,acts iv4 #bi3 8,& n[1 ,"l1 behold _! ?reat5+s1 & grant unto ?y s]vants 71 d\lois1 slaves7 t ) all boldness !y may speak ?y ^w40 8,& ,god spake on ?is wise1 ,t 8 se$ %\ld soj\rn 9 a /range l&2 & t !y %\ld br+ !m into bondage1 71 d\los\s91 %\ld enslave !m17 & entreat !m evil f\r hundr$ ye>s4 ,& ! nation to :om !y %all be 9 bondage 71 d\leusosi1 to :om !y %all be enslav$7 w ,i judge1 said ,god40 ,acts vii4 #f1 #g4 8,n n[ z a s]vant 71 d\lon1 slave17 b above a s]vant1 71 d\lon1 slave17 a bro!r belov$10 c4 ,philem4 #af4 8,"l1 n[ lette/ ?\ ?y s]vant 71 d\lon1 slave7 dep>t 9 peace40 ,luke ii4 #bi4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xvi4 ,! ,engli% words s]vant1 to s]ve1 s]vice1 s]vile1 s]vilely1 s]v+1 c4 h desc5d$ into ! language f ! ,lat9 ^w s]vus1 a slave1 & ^! words1 :5 fir/ introduc$ into ! language1 z di/9ctly c>ri$ ) !m ! idea ( slav]y z does n[ our pres5t t]m1 & w cont9ue to d s :]ev] ! ,engli% language & slav]y prevail4 ,9 no slave-hold+ c\ntry w ! ^w s]vant be appli$ to a freeman z a legitimate t]m ( description1 b 9 non-slavehold+ communities ^! words are sometimes us$ 9 a some:at diff]5t s5se1 yet errone\sly1 because !y are !n us$ )\t adh]5ce to _! d]ivation & analogy4 ,^! words1 :5 f\nd 9 ! receiv$ translation ( ! ,*ri/ian ,scriptures1 are 9 ! mo/ ( in/ances translat$ f "s ,greek ^w t signifi$ or includ$ ! idea slav]y4 ,b not)/&+ ! obvi\s error 9 giv+ ! ^w s]vant1 c4 z ! translation ( a ^w t did n c>ry ) x ! idea :i* 0 9 unison ) ! orig9al ( ^! words1 yet we f9d "s few in/ances ( su* error4 ,we give a few examples4 8,jesus answ]$1 ,my k+dom is n ( ?is _w3 if my k+dom 7 ( ?is _w1 !n w\ld my s]vants fight40 ,john xviii4 #cf4 ,"h s]vants is translat$ f 1 hup]etai1 & signifies a subord9ate4 ,9 ,engli% x sometimes requires att5dants1 assi/ants1 inf]ior (fic]s1 c41 b nev] associates ) ! idea ( slav]y4 8,pet] foll[$ him af> (f unto ! high-prie/'s palace1 & he sat ) ! s]vants1 71 att5dants1 c417 & w>m$ himself at ! fire40 ,m>k xiv4 #ed4 8,& ! s]vants 71 d\loi1 slaves7 & (fic]s 71 hup]etai1 att5dants1 inf]ior (fic]s1 c47 /ood !re1 :o _h made a fire ( coals1 7= x 0 cold17 & !y w>m$ !mselves40 ,john xviii4 #ah4 ,t ! ^w "h us$ nev] conjugates ) ! idea slav]y1 we quote x z us$ 9 ,luke iv4 #bj1 9 pro(3 8,& he clos$ ! book1 & he gave x aga9 to ! m9i/]10 71 hup]ete1 att5dant1 inf]ior (fic]1 c47 ,also1 ,acts xxvi4 #af3 8,b rise & /& ^u ?y feet3 = ,i h appe>$ unto !e = ?is purpose1 to make !e a m9i/] 71 hup]et51 att5dant1 assi/ant1 m9i/]1 c47 & a witness bo? ( ^? ?+s :i* ?\ ha/ se5 & ( ^? ?+s 9 ! :i* ,i w appe> unto !e40 ,"h ! requisites ( ! "* requir$ are totally incompatible ) ! "* ( ! d\los1 prov+ ) ! greate/ c]ta9ty t ^! two words h no analogy :atev]4 ,= we may well "h rem>k1 t human le>n+ has nev] arriv$ at a m nicely di/9ct & def9ite p]fection 9 ! use ( language ?an is ev5 n[ manife/ 9 ! say+s ( ,him 8:o spoke z nev] man spake40 ,besides1 9 ! case ( ,john xviii4 #ah1 s]vants1 d\loi1 & (fic]s 1 hup]etai1 be+ us$ consecutively & c\pl$ toge!r by a conjunction1 is a /rong pro( t ! idea appropriat$ "h sev]ally to ^! t]ms c\ld n be express$ by ei!r t]m alt]nately by sub/itution1 & t ^! t]ms 7 by no analogy synonym\s4 ,! ^w s]vant has also 9 error be5 r5d]$ f o!r t]ms3 see ,hebrews iii4 #e3 8,& ,moses v]ily 0 fai?ful 9 all 8 h\se z a s]vant10 71 !rapon47 ,we h n 9 ,engli% any s+le t]m t fully expresses ! idea convey$ by ?is4 ,x means an associate or companion :o is volunt>ily "u ! direction ( "o :om he takes & ackn[l$ges to be 8 sup]ior4 ,! old ,roman umbra1 :5 appli$ to an att5dant1 convey$ ! idea m exactly ?an any "o t]m ( ours4 ,?us1 ! w>rior 0 call$ ! !rapon ( ,m>s1 & ( ! muses & k+s ( ! gods g5]ally4 ,?us1 ,m5elaus is call$ ! !rapon ( 8 *ief1 c4 c4 7,see ,iliad1 viii4 #aac1 xviii4 #bdd1 xix4 #adc47 ,a simil> error is occasionally f\nd 9 ! use ( ! t]ms to s]ve1 s]v$1 s]vice1 c41 z if !y 7 legitimately d]iv$ f "s =m ( d\los4 ,?us1 ,luke ii4 #cg3 8,b s]v$ ,god ) fa/+ & pray]s night & day10--8s]v$10 1 latreu\sa1 f latreuo4 ,! m appropriate t]m is 8to wor%ip10 c4 ,! t]m 0 us$ by ! ,greeks1 8to wor%ip0 ! gods by sacrifices & (f]+s4 7,see ,euripides1 ,electra1 #aca2 ,iphag5ia 9 ,tauris1 #aaae47 ,s 9 ,acts vii4 #g3 8,& aft] t %all !y come =? & s]ve me 9 ?is place10--8s]ve10 1 latreus\si4 ,x %\ld h be51 8& wor%ip me 9 ?is place40 ,rom4 ix4 #d3 8,& ! s]vice ( ,god1 & ! promises10 1 latreia1 wor%ip1 c4 ,s also ,heb4 ix4 #a3 8,!n v]ily ! fir/ cov5ant _h also ord9ances ( div9e s]vice10 1 latreias1 wor%ip4 ,s also ,heb4 xiii4 #aj3 8,we h an alt> :]e( !y h no "r to eat :i* s]ve ! tab]nacle10--8s]ve10 1 latreuontes1 :o are wor%ipp+ 9 !1 c4 c4 1 diakonos1 is also sometimes errone\sly translat$ s]vant1 s]vice1 to s]ve1 c4 ,an in/ance occurs1 ,john ii4 #e3 8,& 8 "m sai? unto ! s]vants10 1 diakonois1 f diakonos3 z a v]b1 x means to m9i/] unto1 to wait ^u1 to manage affairs1 to p]=m "s function to ano!r2 & h5ce1 9 ,engli%1 we may occasionally require "s o!r t]m ( cognate mean+4 ,f ?is t]m our ^w 8deacon0 has be5 legitimately d]iv$4 ,! ^w is ( less elevat$ import 9 ,greek ?an !rapon 7see ,ari/ophanes1 ,orni!s1 l9e #acbb1 17 b nev] consorts 9 ! lea/ degree ) ! idea slav]y4 8,sai? unto0 !m :o m9i/]$1 :o wait$ ^u ! gue/s1 c4 ,s also ,john ii4 #i3 8,b ! s]vants :i* drew ! wat] knew10--s]vants1 1 diakonoi1 8!y :o m9i/]$ unto40 ,see also ,rom4 xvi4 #a3 8,i comm5d unto y ,phebe our si/]1 :i* is a s]vant ( ! *ur*10 c41 1 diakonon1 "o :o m9i/]s unto1 c4 ,s also ,john xii4 #bf3 8,if any man s]ve10 1 diakone1 wait ^u1 m9i/] unto me4 8,& :]e ,i am !re %all my s]vant be10 1 diakonos1 "o :o waits ^u1 :o m9i/]s unto2 8him w my ,fa!r hon\r40 ,x is n always 9 ,engli% easy to select a phrase di/9ctly ! be/ adapt$ to express ! precise diff]5ce betwe5 ! words diakonos & hup]etes1 b x may be rem>k$ t ! hup]etes 0 ( an employm5t m ( public "*3 h5ce ^? :o 9 ! %ips held c]ta9 banks ( o>s 7 call$ by t "n2 also ^? ( a p>ticul> rank 9 ! army1 or 9 civil gov]nm5t2 b ! ^w diakonos 0 us$ z a t]m m applicable to dome/ic1 p]sonal1 or private life4 ,keep+ ?is di/9ction 9 m9d1 ! same ^w may (t51 9 ,engli%1 give ! s5se ( ei!r2 yet hup]etes w (t5 appe> 9 ,greek :]e diakonos w\ld be ill us$4 ,a m correct use ( ?is ^w ?an ! prec$+ w be f\nd 9 ,matt4 iv4 #aa3 8,!n ! devil leave? him1 & behold1 angels came & m9i/]$ unto him10 1 diekon\n1 m9i/]$ unto1 att5d$ to4 ,matt4 xx4 #bf3 8,b :osoev] w be great among y1 let him be y\r m9i/]10 1 diakonos1 m9i/]1 c4 ,& "h is %[n ! di/9ction betwe5 ?is ^w & d\los1 a slave2 = he proce$s1 8,& :osoev] w be *ief among y1 let him be y\r s]vant10 1 d\los1 slave4 ,also1 ,luke viii4 #c3 8,& ,joanna ! wife ( ,*uza1 ,h]od's /ew>d1 & ,susanna1 & _m o!rs :i* m9i/]$ unto him ( _! sub/ance10 1 diekon\n1 m9i/]$1 c4 ,we h deem$ x prop] to notice ^! inaccuracies 9 our translation1 to prev5t ! ^w s]vant1 c41 :5 us$ to mean slave1 c41 be+ conf\nd$ ) its use :5 giv5 9 translation z above2 & x may be prop] also to notice t ! hir$ lab\r]1 a freeman hir$ into ! employ ( ano!r1 is nev] describ$ by any t]m imply+ slav]y1 or ev5 hav+ any analogy ) x1 z examples w %[3 8,= ! k+dom ( heav5 is l a man t is a h\sehold]1 :i* w5t out e>ly 9 ! morn+ to hire lab\r]s 7 1 mi/hosa/hai ergatas1 to hire lab\r]s7 into 8 v9ey>d40 8,!y say unto him1 ,because no man ha? hir$ u10 71 emi/hosato1 ha? hir$47 8,s :5 ! ev5+ 0 come1 ! ,"l ( ! v9ey>d sai? unto 8 /ew>d1 call ! lab\r]s & give !m _! hire10 1 mi/hon1 wages1 c4 8,& :5 !y _h receiv$ x1 !y murmur$ aga9/ ! good man ( ! h\se40 ,matt4 xx4 #a1 #g1 #h1 #aa4 8,& :5 he came to himself1 he said1 ,h[ _m hir$ s]vants 71 mi/hioi1 hir$ p]sons7 ( my fa!r's h bread10 c4 ,luke xv4 #ag4 8,b he t is a hirel+1 71 mi/hotos1 a p]son hir$17 & n ! %eph]d1 ^: own ! %eep are n1 see? ! wolf1 c4 & ! wolf cat*e? !m & scatt]e? ! %eep4 ,! hirel+ 71 mi/hotos1 a p]son hir$7 flee? because he is a hirel+ 71 mi/hotos1 a p]son hir$17 & c>e? n = ! %eep40 ,john x4 #ab1 #ac4 8,= ! lab\r] is wor?y ( 8 hire10 hire1 wages1 paym5t1 c4 ,luke x4 #g4 8,behold1 ! hire 7 1 paym5t = be+ hir$7 ( ! lab\r]s 7 1 ton ergaton1 ! lab\r]s1 n slaves7 :o h reap$ d[n y\r fields40 ,james v4 #d4 ,he :o is seek+ to obta9 a correct view ( ! tru? w p]ceive ! propriety ( keep+ 9 m9d ! di/9ction betwe5 ! diff]5t *>act]s ?us 9 our v]sion call$ by ! same "n1 8s]vants10 & n suff] 8 m9d to be gov]n$1 or ev5 influ5c$1 by any bias :i* has be5 produc$ by an incomplete exam9ation ( ! :ole gospel ( ,god4 ------------------------------------ ,/udy ,,viii4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,i4 ,! ,hebrew lett]s a91 be?1 & dale? compose ! ^w by :i* ! ,hebrews meant :at we mean by ! ^w slave4 ,!re is "s v>iation among m5 ( lett]s1 ev5 among ! ,jews !mselves1 z to ! pronunciation ( ?is ^w1 "s foll[+ ! ,asiatic1 "s ! ,portuguese1 & "s ! ,poli% me?od4 ,out ( respect & 9 def]5ce to ,k+ ,james's translators ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ( ! le>n$ & critical ,dr4 ,blany1 & ( t indefatigable biblical s*ol>1 ,dr4 ,bag/]1 we h adopt$ _! pronunciation ( ?is ^w1 & call x eb$4 ,?is ^w1 z left untranslat$ by !m1 w be f\nd 9 ,j]4 xxxviii4 #g-ab2 also xxxix4 #af1 #ag1 ?us3--8,n[1 :5 ,eb$-mele* ! ,e?iopian1 "o ( ! eunu*s :i* 0 9 ! k+'s h\se40 8,eb$-mele* w5t =? out ! k+'s h\se40 8,:5 ! k+ comm&$ ,eb$-mele* ! ,e?iopian40 8,s ,eb$-mele* took ! m5 ) him40 8,& ,eb$-mele* ! ,e?iopian said to ,j]emiah40 8,g1 speak to ,eb$-mele* ! ,e?iopian40 ,! words ,eb$-mele* are "h left untranslat$1 because we h n1 9 ,engli%1 words to express ! idea convey$ by !m1 except by p>aphrasis1 z1 = in/ance1 !y w\ld h _h to h said1 8 maje/y's private1 or pr9cipal1 & confid5tial body-s]vant3 & ?is is ! exact mean+ impli$ by ! words ,eb$-mele*1 z "h us$3 ! ^w s]vant1 mean+ a slave4 ,9 ,judges ix4 #bf1 #bh1 #cj1 #ca1 #ce1 ! ^w ,eb$ is also left untranslat$4 ,also 9 ,ezra viii4 #f3 8,eb$1 ! son ( ,jona?an40 ,& 9 "s o!r places4 ,we tru/ t our au?ority = ! pronunciation ( ! ^w eb$1 w be deem$ suffici5t3 yet1 we admit t1 9 ,hebrew pronunciation1 x w be v>i$ by suffix1 affix1 & po9ts1 z has be5 f\nd by ! le>n$ rabbis long s9ce to be/ agree ) _! rules ( cantation & ! idiomatic con/ruction ( ! language4 ,?is ^w eb$ is us$ z a n\n1 v]b1 adjective1 p>ticiple1 & adv]b2 b we make ! proposition1 t1 h[ev] us$1 & 9 :atev] =m1 x is nev] us$ disconnect$ f ! idea ( slav]y4 ,philological hi/ory w develop to u1 at lea/1 "o human weakness3--pride to be ?\ght le>n$1 has m or less1 among ! ,european nations & languages1 _h its effect 9 ! compilation ( diction>ies4 ,9 "s in/ances1 m5 ( le>n+ h und]tak5 _! compilation )\t us+ _! ability to fa?om ! dep?s ( language1 or to discov] ! s\rces ( its /reams1 or describe ! qualities ( _! comb9ations4 ,& ! _w is full ( s]vile imitations ( =m] & old errors2 & ea* "o seems to ?9k t ! au?ority ( a book w>rants _! p]petuation4 ,b !re w occasionally arise1 9 ! walks ( k1 "s ,moses1 "s ,confucius1 "s ,hom]1 "s ,euclid1 "s ,socrates1 "s ,bacon1 "s ,newton1 "s ,frankl91 "s ,*ampollion1 be=e ! fire ( ^: g5ius & m5tal p[]1 all imitations ( error )] away4 ,t\*+ ! subject ( ! ,asiatic languages g5]ally1 & ! d>kness t has = ages ov]spread !m1 may we n fondly hope t su* a lum9>y is n[ culm9at+ 9 ! region ( ! univ]sities ( ,engl&4 ,p]mit u1 at lea/1 to h "s hope = ! ,regius ,pr(essor ( ,cambridge4 ,b to our subject3--,we sometimes f9d ! philologi/ yield 8 sceptre & borr[ 8 def9itions f a bad translation4 ,& we (t5 f9d ! translator sacrific+ 8 orig9al ^u ! alt> ( 8 own imp]fections4 ,n[1 x is n uncommon t a ^w 9 "o language may be 9 su* peculi> use1 t1 consi/5tly ) ! con/itution ( "s o!r language1 x _c be translat$ !re9 by any "o s+le t]m & ev5 if s1 n always by ! same ^w4 ,%\ld all ! diff]5t t]ms & words t might ?us be legitimately us$ 9 translation1 be collect$ toge!r1 & put d[n z ! descriptive mean+ ( "s =eign or anci5t t]m1 our lexicons w\ld1 ( necessity1 conta9 "s portions ( error4 ,= example1 suppose we take ! ,arabic ^w ab$1 :i* means absolutely a slave 9 t language3 we all "k t an ,arabian1 speak+ or writ+ to "o f> 8 sup]ior1 w\ld someway call himself by ?is t]m4 ,he uses x to express great devot$ness1 hone/y1 & integrity ( int5tions to ! "o address$4 ,if we 7 compos+ an ,arabic lexicon1 :at w\ld ! s*ol> h good reason to say1 if we %\ld put z ! def9ition ( ?is ^w1--hone/y1 integrity ( int5tion1 c48 ,?is ,arabic ^w is ! same z 9 ,hebrew1 & ! ^w is us$ 9 bo? languages ) great simil>ity3 also 9 ,*aldee1 ,syriac1 & o!r ,%emitic dialects4 ,:ile we premise t ! ,koran is tak5 z ! /&>d ( ,arabic lit]ature1 we pres5t ?is ^w1 z us$ 9 t language1 z a sample ( its use 9 ! o!r ,%emitic dialects4 ,?is ^w1 z above1 9 ,arabic1 is compos$ ( ! lett]s ga91 or a91 "u po9t jesm1 :i* is equival5t to ! ,hebrew quiesc5t %eoa1 b really hav+ ! %orte/ possible trace ( ! s\nd ( our %ort 1 & t]m9at$ by ! lett] dhal1 or dal1 "u ! diacritical sign ( nunnation4 ,mr4 ,sale1 :o _h great exp]i5ce 9 ,arabic lit]ature1 has left ?is ^w frequ5tly untranslat$ 9 8 notes1 quot+ ,,beidawi & ,iolalo'dd91 to 8 v]sion ( ! ,koran1 & 9 ,roman lett]s express$ x ?us1 abda1 &1 )\t annunation ?us1 abd4 ,we conf9e ourselves to ?is p>ticul> =m ( ! ^w4 ,if1 by long exp]i5ce we supply ! %orte/ possible trace ( our v[el betwe5 ! b & d1 & 9 annunation cause ! t]m9at+ v[el to coalesce 9 "s trace ( our consonant n1 we %\ld p]haps arrive at z correct a pronunciation z c\ld be atta9$ by m]e rules & x w be se5 t ! ebd ( ,j]usalem became abd at ,mecca4 ,we copy f ,sale's translation1 )\t bur!n+ our page ) a repetition ( ! orig9al2 our object is to %[ ! precise idea = ! expression ( :i* ! ,arabians appropriat$ ?is ^w4 8,god cause? "s ( y to excel 9 worldly possessions3 yet1 !y :o are caus$ to excel d n give _! weal? unto ! slaves :om _! "r h&s possess1 t !y may become equal %>]s !re940 ,koran1 *ap4 #af4 ,al ,beidawi1 an ,arabian comm5tator on ! ,koran1 ^u ?is passage says-- 8,a repro( to ! idolatr\s ,meccans1 :o c\ld admit creat$ be+s to a %>e ( ! div9e hon\r1 ?\gh !y suff]$ n _! slaves to %>e ) !mselves 9 :at ,god _h be/[$ on !m40 ,! expression ( a ?+ done1 held1 or 8possess$ by ! "r h&10 9 ,arabic1 is a full concession t ! do+1 hold+1 or possess+1 is j1 rightful1 & righte\s4 8,god prop\nde?1 z a p>able1 a possess$ slave1 :o ha? p[] ov] no?+1 & him on :om we h be/[$ a good provision f u1 & :o give? alms !re\t1 bo? secretly & op5ly2 %all ^! two be e/eem$ equal8 ,god =bid40 ,koran1 *ap4 #af4 ,( ?is1 ! above comm5tator says1 8,! idols1 we h lik5$ to a slave1 :o is s f> f hav+ any ?+ ( 8 own1 t he is himself 9 ! possession ( ano!r40 ,idem4 8,& ?is is ! fav\r :i* ?\ ha/ be/[$ on me1 t ?\ ha/ enslav$ ! *ildr5 ( ,israel40 ,koran1 *ap4 #bf4 8,o prophet1 we h all[$ !e ?y wives1 unto :om ?\ ha/ giv5 _! d[]1 & also ! slaves :i* ?y "r h& possesse?1 ( ! booty :i* ,god ha? grant$ to !e40 ,koran1 *ap4 #cc4 ,yet1 s x is1 we f9d 9 our ,hebrew lexicons1 among ! significations ( ?is ^w eb$1 n only its true signification1--slave1 slav]y1 c41--b also1 to lab\r1 cultivate1 lab\r g5]ally1 wor%ip1 to make1 to d1 or deal ) any "o1 to take place or happ51 "w1 bus9ess1 tillage1 cultivation ( l&1 agriculture1 implem5ts1 ut5sils1 appurt5ances1 a wor%ip ( ,god or ( idols1 we>i$1 to be we>i$ ) lab\r1 compli$ )1 ass5t$ to1 p]=m$1 religi\s s]vice1 a submissive epi!t1 a m9i/]1 to m9i/] unto1 any "o employ$ 9 ! s]vice ( a k+1 any "o :o wor%ips1 adores ,god1 "o :o is commission$ by him = any purpose1 b5efit1 employm5t ( any k9d4 ,b we w desi/ f increas+ ?is catalogue ( def9itions1 = fe> ( be+ *>g$ ) sl&] on ! ,hebrew lexicons4 ,mu/ n t be a v /range language 9 :i* "o little ^w ( only ?ree lett]s has s _m v>i$ & adv]se mean+s8 ,yet1 9 all sobriety1 we might d\ble ! numb]4 ,if ea* & e ,hebrew ^w 7 l ?is1 ?us load$ ) lexicographical le>n+1 we beg to "k :o w\ld und]take & :at w\ld be ! use ( its /udy2 = surely1 f ! same page1 !re might be a v great numb] ( adv]se & contradictory translations1 all equally correct4 ,b1 if su* catalogue is n legitimate1 to :at cause are we to look = its exi/5ce8 to "s abid+ influ5ce1 secret b p]sev]+1 9 ! m9ds ( ! lexicograph]s = ! la/ ?\s& ye>s8 ,or %all we r conf9e our views to ! casualities ( hurri$ translations & bad read+s1 to ! facility ( ! copyi/ 9 book-mak+1 in/ead ( ! labori\s /udy ( ! inve/igator8 ,?is circum/ance1 f :atev] cause x may h sprung1 w impose on u "s lab\r to %[ ! correctness ( our proposition1 to wit1 ! ^w eb$1 h[ev] us$1 & 9 :atev] =m1 is nev] us$ 9 ,hebrew disconnect$ f ! idea ( slav]y4 ,we fir/ propose to %[ t ! ,hebrew is abundantly suppli$ ) words to express all ^! o!r mean+s1 disconnect$ ) ! idea ( slav]y4 ,aw>e t su* exam9ation may be extremely un9t]e/+ to ! mo/ ( u1 yet1 deem+ x ( great importance to our subject1 we humbly ask indulg5ce1 :ile we exam9e a few ( ! mo/ lead+ t]ms z examples1 ^: significations h be5 appropriat$ to ! ^w eb$4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,ii4 ,b1 be=e we ent] into su* exam9ation1 x may be prop] to rem>k t ! ,hebrew1 9 common ) all ! ,%emitic languages1 makes abundant use ( :at we call rhetorical figures4 ,! ^w b5 means a son2 b by prosopopia x is made to mean an arr[4 ,?us1 ,lam4 iii4 #ac1 8,he ha? caus$ ! arr[s ( 8 quiv]10 b5ey1 a%pa?o--lit]ally1 ! sons ( 8 quiv]1 f ! notion t ! arr[ is ! produce1 issue1 adjunct1 c4 ( ! quiv]4 ,we might quote a great numb] ( in/ances :]e ! ^w b51 by ! same figure1 is us$ to express "s o!r idea ?an son1 yet nev] unassociat$ ) ! primitive idea b1 :at w\ld be ! value ( ! lexicographical ass]tion t ?is ^w 9 ,hebrew meant an arr[8 ,! foll[+ fifte5 v]ses are :olly ( ! same "*3 8,he ha? fill$ me ) bitt]ness1 he ha? made me drunk ) wormwood40 ,! ,arabians h a common way ( express+ 8"o ( great affliction10 by say+ t he is a 8wormwood beat]40 ,yet ! ,arabic ^w t means affliction1 by no means is synonym\s ( wormwood4 ,! figure ( ,lam5tations is also us$ 9 ,ps4 cxxvii4 #d1 #e3 8,z aw>ds are 9 ! h& ( a mighty man1 s are *ildr5 ( ! y\?4 ,happy is ! man t ha? 8 quiv] full ( !m40 ,yet1 ! ^w is 9 no s5se a synonyme ( :atev] ^w = :i* x is "h figuratively us$4 ,a s+ul> in/ance ( ?is figure is f\nd 9 ,lam4 ii4 #ac3 8,let n ! apple ( ?9e eye cease20 ba? eynek1 ! daught] ( ! eye4 ,! translators h und]/ood ?is to mean ! 8pupil10 o!rwise call$ ! apple ( ! eye2 b1 ! ^w ba?1 daught]1 %[s t ! ?+ meant is a produce ( ! eye2 h5ce1 x _c mean ! apple or pupil ( ! eye1 b te>s4 ,b h[ /upid ! page t %all put d[n z a signification ( ! ^w ba?1 an apple1 or ! apple ( ! eye1 or ! pupil1 or yet1 :at x "h means1 a te>8 ,^! two words b51 a son1 & ba?1 a daught]1 sometimes be?1 are associat$ 9 s _m diff]5t =ms ( figure & 9 connection or comp\nd ) o!r ,hebrew words1 to express "s complex idea1 t1 if ea* diff]5t idea ?us convey$ 0 to be consid]$ a legitimate signification ( ^! words1 _! description w\ld be q l5g?y1 & contradictory2 = in/ance1 ,g54 xxiv4 #af1 is us$ to mean a virg94 ,b1 #a ,sam4 i4 #af1 is us$ to mean q a diff]5t "*1 z if ( diff]5t orig94 ,9 ,eccl4 xii4 #d1 is g5]ally und]/ood to mean ! voice ( an old man4 ,b 9 ,dan4 xi4 #ag1 is und]/ood to mean a pr9cess4 ,we might multiply examples )\t numb]2 yet1 9 all in/ances1 ! lead+ idea1 a daught]1 is ev] pres5t3 o!r primitive words1 ^: signification 0 an idea ( great & lead+ int]e/1 w be f\nd 9 simil> use4 ,& x may be rem>k$1 t1 at "o age ( ! _w1 :5 a l>ge proportion ( ! *ildr5 ( m5 7 slaves1 t ! ^w signify+ t condition w\ld be naturally & exce$+ly (t5 us$ 9 a figurative mann]4 ,ev5 among u1 our ^w s]vant1 :i*1 f use1 has become m]ely a mild] t]m to express ! same idea1 is 9 ! m\? ( e dev\t man1 :ile slave is 9 con/ant use among ! moral & political agitators ( ! day4 ,"o among ! causes ( our f9d+ 9 ! lexicons s _m & adv]se significations ( ! ^w eb$1 is ! fact1 t ! ,hebrew (t5 express$ an adjective quality1 by plac+ ! sub/antive express+ ! quality z if 9 apposition ) ! sub/antive qualifi$1 ?us1 !y1 slaves 7n7 spies2 !y slaves1 bre?r51 ,g54 xlii4 #aa-ac1 ?y slave our fa!r1 ,g54 xliii4 #bh4 ,9 an analog\s s5se ! ^w is us$ 9 #b ,k+s i4 #i1 #aj1 #aa1 #ab1 #ac4 ,also iv4 #be & #bg1 prec$+ a man ( ,god1 mean+ "o s :olly devot$ to ,god z to p>take ( ! div9e nature4 ,b su* use 9 no mann] *anges ! mean+ ( ! ^w or 4 ,?is mode ( express+ quality1 by plac+ "o ( ! sub/antives 9 ! g5itive1 is q common ev5 9 ! mod]n languages4 ,gramm>ians w also in=m u t sub/antives are (t5 us$ adv]bially1 designat+ ! "t1 place1 & quality ( ! action ( ! v]b4 ,b aga91 ! ,hebrew adjectives are 9 disproportional sc>city to ! sub/antives1 :i* ! language rem$ies by a k9d ( circumlocution2 ?is1 a man 7(7 words1 i4e4 an eloqu5t man1 z 9 ,ex4 iv4 #aj2 ! son ( /r5g? valiant or wor?y man1 #a ,k+s i4 #eb2 ! sons ( ! ,ea/1 i4e4 ! ori5tals1 ,g54 xxix4 #a2 ! son ( dea?1 i4e4 doom$ to dea?1 #a ,sam4 xx4 #ca2 ! daught] ( bas5ess1 i4e4 a base woman1 #a ,sam4 i4 #af4 ,?is use ( language is common to our ^w1 eb$1 slave3 slaves ( ,god1 i4e4 a man devot$ to ,god1 z a slave to a ma/]1 i4e4 a man :o mo/ devot$ly wor%ips ,god1 ,dan4 iii4 #bf2 slave ( ,god1 i4e4 devot$ wor%ipp] ( ,god1 c41 ,dan4 vi4 #ba1 ! #bj? ( ! ,engli% text2 & to express ?is adjective quality1 is ?us comp\nd$ 9 ,ezra v4 #aa1 slaves ( ,god1 i4e41 devot$ to ,god z slaves are to _! ma/]s4 c41 to express ! adjective qualities ( devotion & ob$i5ce4 ,?is ^w is us$ & comp\nd$ ) _m o!r words 9 a great v>iety ( in/ances4 ,b1 d\btless1 ano!r cause :i* has l$ ! lexicograph]s into ! alleg$ error1 is ! peculi> disposition ( ! ,hebrew1 7common to all ! ,%emitic tongues7 to express ! idea int5d$1 by express+ ano!r to :i* x has a real or suppos$ analogy1 ei!r 9 primitive relation or 9 ultimate result4 ,= example1 let u take ! ^w b51 a son1 ?us3 ,isa4 v4 #a1 k]51 "h us$ to mean ! top ( a m\nta91 because !y fanci$ an analogy betwe5 ! top ( a m\nta9 & a horn4 ,b51 a son1 %am51 fat1 son ( fatness1 is "h us$ to mean a fruitful m\nta94 ,b1 d ^! words acquire new significations f ?is figurative use ( !m8 ,! sons ( ! quiv]1 i4e4 arr[s4 ,lem4 iii4 #ac4 ,%all we say t b51 means an arr[8 ,b5 ka%e?1 ! son ( ! b[1 7_c make him flee17 i4e4 ! arr[1 ,job xli4 #bj1 7! #bh? ( ! ,engli% text47 ,%all we inde$ !n say t b5 means an arr[8 ,b5 %ahor1 ! son ( blackness1 "h us$ to express night1--son ( ! night1--us$ to convey our idea1 ! morn+ />4 ,%all we say t b5 means a />8 or1 t blackness means ! morn+8 ,isa4 xiv41 #ab b5 yonah1 ! son ( a dove1 i4e4 a "y dove1 a squab8 ,lev4 xii4 #f4 ,%all we say t b5 means a squab8 ,lev4 xii4 #h1 b5i yonah1 sons ( a dove1 i4e4 two "y doves or squabs4 ,%all we !n1 surely say t b5i means two squabs8 ,b1 9 ,lev4 xiv4 #bb1 we h ! same words us$ 9 ! same s5se3 mu/ we say t ?is ^w means squabs8 b5e oreb1 ! sons ( ! rav51 i4e4 "y rav5s1 ,ps4 cxlvii4 #i3 does b5i !n mean "y rav5s also8 b5 bak]1 xxix4 #a4 ,:at1 does b5 mean a calf8 ,num4 xxix4 #b-h1 son ( an ox1 also2 b5 ! son ( an ox--mean+ a calf1 does b5 mo/ surely mean a calf8 ,job xxxix4 #af1 speak+ ( o/ri*-eggs1 calls !m1 1 ! plural3 :at6 does ?is ^w also mean o/ri*-eggs8 ,b1 ,eccl4 ii4 #g1 cani?i1 ,i pur*as$1 ebadim1 male slaves1 %epapha?1 & female slaves1 & sons1 bayi?1 ( my h\se1 haya1 !re 71 li1 to me3--"h b5 is us$ to express ! idea 8home-born slaves40 ,b1 %all we say t ?is ^w means su* "y slaves8 ,w\ld su* a catalogue ( significations plac$ to ! ^w b51 a son1 be legitimate or tru?ful8 ,b1 9 ,j]4 ii4 #ad1 we aga9 f9d ?is ^w bayi?1 prec$$ by yelid1 born ( ! h\se1 mean+ a h\se-born slave4 ,! same words are us$ to mean ! same ?+ 9 ,g54 xiv4 #ad1 mean+ h\se-born slaves2 & aga91 ,g54 xvii4 #ab1 mean+ a h\se-born slave2 also1 idem4 #ac1 mean+ a slave born 9 ?y h\se--?y h\se-born slave4 ,god did n speak to ,abraham 9 an un9telligible language3 e "o knew :at ! idea 01 ev5 d[n to ?is day4 ,yet1 are ei!r ( ^! words a synonyme ( eb$1 a slave8 ,b we w close ?is portion ( our rem>ks by /at+ t ! lexicograph]s might1 9 ! mann] "h po9t$ out1 7:i* !y h pursu$ to great ext5t17 h /ill increas$ _! catalogue ( significations to ! ^w eb$4 ,let u %[ an in/ance4 ,x is well kn[n t ! anci5t ea/]n nations puni%$ great (f5d]s by cutt+ !m 9 pieces4 ,! t]m express+ & ?reat5+ ?is puni%m5t 0 us$ some:at te*nically1 z is n[ ! t]m to guillot9e1 mean+ to cut (f a man's head4 ,! t]m us$ by ! anci5ts to express ?is cutt+ 9 pieces1 z introduc$ 9 ,hebrew1 01 abad haddam91 :i* lit]ally 0 8to enslave 9 pieces40 ,! t]m is express$ ?us 9 ,dan4 ii4 #e3 9 pieces ye %all be enslav$1 i4e4 8,ye %all be cut 9 pieces40 ,! lexicograph]s might h cont9u$ _! catalogue ) ! same tru?fulness ) :i* !y h ext5d$ x to su* l5g?1 & h said t eb$ also meant to hew1 to cut1 c41 & h cit$ ?is in/ance 9 pro(4 ,b 9 ,dan4 iii4 #bi1 ! t]m is us$ aga9 ?us 9 pieces %all be enslav$1 i4e4 8%all be cut 9 pieces40 ,surely1 !y %\ld h add$1 t eb$ means to cut4 ,x is true t ! lit]al mean+ ( ?is t]m _c always be giv5 9 ,engli% s z to be 9 pleasant accordance ) our use ( language4 ,b ! same is true z to _m o!r phrases & t]ms1 & p]haps applicable to e o!r language4 ,?is =m & use ( ?is ^w z "h us$ by ,daniel1 is r a ,p]sian adult]ation ?an pure ,hebrew1 ( :i* sev]al in/ances may be f\nd 9 "s ( ! lat] books4 ,! ,babylonian & ,p]sian k+s consid]$ ev5 all _! subjects z slaves to !m1 & ?is ^w 0 evid5tly us$ ) great] latitude among !m ?an x appe>s to h be5 among ! ,hebrews at ! "t ( ,moses4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,iii4 ,! lexicons seem t5aci\s t a v usual signification ( ! ^w eb$ is lab\r1 bo? z a n\n & v]b2 & inasmu* z to _m !re may seem "s relation betwe5 ! ideas slav]y & lab\r1 we wi% to be p>ticul> 9 exam9+ ! ,hebrew use ( ! t]ms expressive ( ^! ideas4 ,x appe>s to u t ! ,hebrew ^w yaga1 x simply our idea ( lab\r1 m closely ?an any o!r ^w4 ,yet ?is ^w is nev] disconnect$ ) ! idea fatigue & we>9ess1 & p]haps some?+ ( ! same "* w be p]ceiv$ to be atta*$ to our ^w lab\r4 ,9 ,g54 xxxi4 #db1 x is us$ & translat$1 8! lab\r ( my h&s40 xxv4 #ah1 8& :5 ?\ wa/ fa9t & we>y40 #c3 8,& make n all ! p to lab\r ?i!r40 xxiv4 #ac3 8,& ,i gave y a l& = :i* y did n lab\r40 #b ,sam4 xvii4 #b3 8,& ,i w come ^u him :ile he is we>y40 ,neh4 v4 #ac3 8,s %all ,god %ake out e man f 8 h\se & f 8 lab\r40 ,job iii4 #ag3 8,& ! we>y be at re/40 ix4 #bi3 8,if ,i be wick$1 :y !n lab\r ,i 9 va940 x4 #ac3 99 99 8despis$ ! "w ( ?y h&s 99 9940 xxviii4 #ah3 8,t :i* he lab\r$ = %all he re/ore40 xxxix4 #aa3 99 99 8,wilt ?\ leave ?y lab\r to him40 #af3 99 99 99 8 h] lab\r is 9 va9 )\t fe>80 ,ps4 lxix4 #d3 8,!y t hate me )\t a cause20 ! idea is1 !y t lab\r to injure1 c4 8,& _! lab\r unto ! locu/40 cix4 #aa3 8let ! /rang] spoil 8 lab\r40 cxxviii4 #b3 8,= ?\ %alt eat ! lab\r ( ?y h&s40 ,prov4 xxiii4 #d3 8 lab\r n to be ri*40 ,eccl4 xii4 #ab3 8,mu* /udy is we>9ess to ! fle%40 ,isa4 xliii4 #bb1 #bc1 #bd3 8,b ?\ ha/ be5 we>i$ !e ) inc5se40 8,?\ ha/ we>i$ me ) ?9e iniquities40 xlv4 #ad3 8,! lab\r ( ,egypt40 xlvii4 #ae3 8) :om ?\ ha/ lab\r$40 lv4 #b3 8,& y\r lab\r = t :i* satisfie? n40 lxv4 #bc3 8,!y %all n lab\r 9 va940 ,j]4 iii4 #bd3 8,= %ame ha? dev\r$ ! lab\r40 xx4 #e3 8,& all ! lab\rs !re(40 xlv4 #c3 8,i fa9t$ 9 my sigh+40 ,! idea is1 my sigh+ 0 a lab\r ( great we>9ess1 c4 ,ezek4 xxiii4 #bi3 8,& %all take away all ?y lab\r40 ,hag4 i4 #aa3 8,& ^u all ! lab\r ( ?y h&s40 ,mal4 ii4 #ag3 8,ye h we>i$ ! ,"l ) y\r words1 yet ye say1 ,:]e9 h we we>i$ him80 ,eccl4 i4 #h3 8,all ?+s are full ( lab\r40 x4 #ae3 8,! 7 amal7 lab\r ( ! fooli% 77 e "o ( !m40 ,! ^w lab\r 9 ?is s5t5ce is translat$ f amal1 ano!r ,hebrew ^w1 :i* signifies lab\r1 b 9 its signification is impli$ ! association ( ! idea grief1 sorr[1 c4 ,! adjective quality ( ?is ^w is m5tal--9 yaga1 x is physical4 ,?is ^w amal seems to be d]iv$ f ! ,arabic amelan1 & f !nce ! ,syriac 1 hav+ ne>ly ! same signification4 ,9 ,arabic ! signification is put d[n by ,ca/ell1 op]ator1 m]c5>ius2 & 9 ,syriac1 labore defessus4 ,x is us$ 9 ,hebrew z foll[s3 ,g54 xli4 #ea3 8,& ,joseph call$ ! "n ( 8 fir/-born ,manessa2 = ,god1 said he1 ha? made me =get all my toil10 7lab\r1 sorr[47 ,! ^w manessa means to =get1 to cause to =get1 c4 ,num4 xxiii4 #ba3 8,he ha? n beheld iniquity 9 ,jacob10 i4e4 lab\r design$ to give tr\ble1 p]plexity1 or sorr[4 ,deut4 xxvi4 #g3 8,! ,"l he>d our voice & look$ ^u our affliction1 & our lab\r & our oppression40 ,judg4 v4 #bf3 8,& h] "r h& to ! workman's 7 lab\r]'s7 hamm]40 ,job iii4 #aj3 8,nor hid sorr[ f m9e eyes40 #bj3 8,:]e=e is light giv5 unto him t is 9 mis]y40 iv4 #h3 8,!y t pl\gh iniquity & s[ wick$ness %all reap ! same40 v4 #g3 8,yet man is born to tr\ble40 vii4 #c3 8,s ,i am made to possess mon?s ( vanity1 & we>isome nights are appo9t$ to me40 xv4 #ce3 8,!y conceive mis*ief & br+ =? vanity40 xvi4 #b3 8,mis]able com=t]s are ye all40 xx4 #bb3 8,9 ! fulness ( 8 suffici5cy he %all be 9 /raits40 ,b x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! ,hebrew copy ( ,job is itself a translation4 ,ps4 vii4 #ae3 8,he made a pit & digg$ x1 & has fall5 into ! dit* 7sorr[ br++ lab\r7 :i* he made40 #af3 8,8 mis*iefs %all return ^u 8 own head40 x4 #g3 8,"u 8 tongue is mis*ief & vanity40 #ad3 8,?\ beholde/ mis*ief & spite40 xxv4 #ah3 8,look ^u m9e affliction & my pa91 & =give my s940 8,yet is _! /r5g? lab\r & sorr[40 cv4 #dd3 8,& !y inh]it ! lab\r ( ! p40 cxxvii4 #a3 8,except ! ,"l build ! h\se1 !y lab\r 9 va940 ,prov4 xvi4 #bf3 8,he t lab\re? ,isa4 liii4 #aa3 8,he %all see ( ! travail ( 8 s\l10 7lab\r produc+ sorr[1 c47 8,& t write griev\sness :i* !y h prescrib$10 7a lab\r produc+ sorr[1 c47 ,jonah iv4 #aj3 8,?\ ha/ _h pity on ! g\rd = :i* ?\ ha/ n lab\r$40 ,eccl4 i4 #c3 8,:at pr(it ha? a man ( all 8 lab\r :i* he take? "u ! sun80 ii4 #aj3 8,= my he>t rejoic$ 9 all my lab\r40 #aa3 8,& !n ,i look$ on all ! "w t my h&s _h wr\ght1 & on all ! lab\r t ,i _h lab\r$40 ,i hat$ all my lab\r :i* ,i _h tak5 7lab\r$7 "u ! sun40 #ai3 8,yet %all he h rule ov] all my lab\r :]e9 ,i h lab\r$40 #bj3 8,!re=e ,i w5t ab\t to cause my he>t to despair ( all ! lab\r :i* ,i took 7lab\r$7 "u ! sun40 #ba3 8,= !re is a man ^: lab\r is 9 wisdom1 & 9 k1 & 9 equity--yet to a man t ha? n lab\r$ h]e9 %all he leave x = 8 portion40 #bb3 8,= :at ha? man ( all 8 lab\r & ( ! vexation ( 8 he>t1 :]e9 he ha? lab\r$ "u ! sun80 iv4 #d3 8,aga9 ,i consid]$ all travail10 7lab\r & sorr[47 #h3 8,yet !re is no end to all 8 lab\r1 nei!r sai? he1 ,= :om d ,i lab\r40 iii4 #i3 8,:at pr(it ha? he t worke? 9 t :]e9 he lab\re?80 v4 #ah3 8,& to enjoy ! good ( all 8 lab\r40 vi4 #g3 8,all ! lab\r ( a man is = 8 m\?40 ix4 #i3 8,= t is ?y portion 9 ?is life & 9 ?y lab\r40 x4 #ae3 8,! lab\r 7amal7 ( ! fooli% we>ie? e "o ( !m40 melahkah is also q analog\s 9 its signification to our ^w lab\r1 insomu* t our ^w lab\r may be (t5 us$ 9 translation )\t impair+ ! s5se4 ,g54 ii4 #b3 8,on ! sev5? day ,god end$ 8 "w10 lab\r4 xxxix4 #aa3 8,joseph w5t into ! h\se to d 8 bus9ess10 7lab\r47 ,exod4 xx4 #i3 8,& d all ?y "w10 #aj3 8,9 x ?\ %alt n d any "w10 7lab\r1 47 xxxi4 #c3 8,all mann] ( workman%ip10 4 #ad3 8,= :osoev] doe? any "w10 4 #ae3 8,six days may "w be done40 ,lev4 xiii4 #dh3 8,( any ?+ made ( sk910 7done1 lab\r$1 manufactur$47 ,ezra iii4 #h3 8,to set =w>d ! "w ( ! h\se40 #i3 8,to set =w>d ! workman10 4 ,e/h] iii4 #i3 8,& ^? t h *>ge ( ! k+'s bus9ess10 4 ix4 #c3 8,& (fic]s ( ! k+4 ,)\t multiply+ examples1 x may suffice to say1 t ?is ^w1 z expressive ( lab\r1 is ev] associat$ ) ! idea ( p>ticul>ity1 or class ( lab\r1 bus9ess1 employm5t or job1 )\t ref]5ce to any o!r adjective quality2 & h5ce x came to mean a message1 or "o *>g$ ) a message1 & is !re=e sometimes us$ to mean an angel1 because !y 7 suppos$ to be mess5g]s1 *>g$ to d a p>ticul> lab\r2 h5ce1 also1 appli$ to a prophet2 & h5ce1 also1 ! prophet ,mala*i's "n4 ,asa prop]ly means "w or lab\r1 z ! result ( mak+1 procreat+1 produc+1 do+1 act+1 or p]=m+1 )\t any reg>d to ! condition ( ! ag5t or actor4 ,g54 i4 #g3 8,god made ! firmam5t40 #af3 8,god made two great lights40 ii4 #b3 8,god end$ 8 "w :i* he _h made10 4 ,?is ^w is also us$ to express ! result ( lab\r 9 acquir+ slaves & o!r prop]ty g5]ally1 z 9 ,g54 xii4 #e3 8,all _! sub/ance t !y _h ga!r$1 & ! s\ls !y _h gott5 9 ,h>an10 i4 e4 all ! prop]ty & slaves t !y _h lab\r$ =1 c4 4 ,exod4 xxxi4 #d3 8,to "w 9 gold & silv]40 #e3 ,x is us$ ) malabkah1 ?us3 8to "w 9 all mann] ( workman%ip10 7 malakah47 ,^! two words occur toge!r aga9 9 ,neh4 iv4 #ae1 ! iv4 #ba ( ! ,engli% text3 8,s we lab\r$ 9 ! "w10 4 ,ezek4 xxix4 #bj3 8,i h giv5 him ! l& ( ,egypt = 8 lab\r10 4 ,exod4 xxx4 #be3 8,& ?\ %alt make x 7 lab\r x7 an oil ( holy o9tm5t1 an o9tm5t compos$ aft] ! art ( ! apo!c>y40 ,art is "h translat$ f maase1 :i* is ano!r ^w ( v simil> import1 & is d]iv$ f 1 & expresses ! idea ( lab\r1 z ( a ?+ done1 or wr\ght1 a "w1 de$1 action1 conc]n1 bus9ess1 i4 e4 a lab\r emanat+ f a habit1 or an occupation ( bus9ess4 ,g54 xliv4 #ae3 8,:at de$ is ?is t ye h done80 xlvii4 #c3 8,:at is y\r occupation80 4 ,exod4 xxiii4 #af3 8,& ! fea/ ( ! h>ve/1 ! fir/fruits ( ?y lab\rs 1 :i* ?\ ha/ s[n 9 ! field1 & ! fir/ ( ! +a!r+1 :i* is ! end ( ! ye>1 :5 ?\ ha/ ga!r$ 9 ?y lab\rs10 4 ,hag4 ii4 #ag3 8,& ,i smote y ) bla/+ & ) hail 9 all ! lab\rs ( y\r h&s40 ,hab4 iii4 #ag3 8,al?\gh ! fig-tree %all n blossom1 nei!r %all fruit be 9 ! v9e1 ! lab\r ( ! olive %all fail40 sebel is sometimes translat$ lab\r1 b x m (t5 means some?+ consequ5t to lab\r1 z ! bur!n ( lab\r is consequ5t to ! lab\r3 x is sometimes us$ to mean ! produce ( lab\r1 & h5ce ! ,syrian ,ephraimiti% ^w sibole?1 :i* is said to mean an e> ( corn1 because an e> ( corn 0 ! produce ( lab\r4 ,h5ce1 x is sometimes us$ to mean prolific & fruitful1 because ! produce ( lab\r is prolific & fruitful2 & because to su/a9 a bur!n1 z ( lab\r1 c>ries ) x ! idea ( physical ability & /r5g?1 x is us$ 9 ! s5se ( be>+ up1 to elevate1 to deliv] f1 c4 ,a few in/ances ( its use w suffice4 ,exod4 i4 #aa3 8,to afflict !m ) _! bur!ns10 4 ,ps4 lxxxi4 #g3 8,i deliv]$ !e40 cxliv4 #ad3 8,t our ox5 may be /rong to lab\r10 4 ,! ,hebrews _h ?us sev]al ways by :i* !y c\ld express ! idea lab\r accompani$ ) diff]5t adjective qualities4 ,s ! ^w eb$ may express ! idea lab\r2 b :5 s1 x is always slave-lab\r1 ! lab\r peculi> to1 or p]=m$ by a slave z 9 ,isa4 xix4 #i3 8,!y t "w 9 f9e flax40 ,! mean+ is1 !y t lab\r or slave !mselves 9 f9e flax4 ,! work+ 9 f9e flax 0 slave-lab\r4 ,if x 7 good ,engli% = u to say1 !y t slave 9 f9e flax1 x w\ld be exactly :at ! prophet did say 9 ?is passage4 ,s 9 ,exod4 xx4 #i3 8,six days %alt ?\ lab\r & d all ?y "w40 ,"h lab\r is translat$ f eb$ 1 z a v]b 8d0 is f & 8"w0 f 4 ,! lit]al mean+ ( ?is is--,six days %alt ?\ slave & lab\r all ?y "w2--or1 m pla9ly--,six days %alt ?\ slave ?yself 7i4e4 d slave lab\r7 & lab\r1 or make all ?y p>ticul>1 accu/om$1 pr(essional or usual "w or lab\r4 ,?is comm& is address$ to all mank9d1 & ! propriety ( x1 z "h expla9$1 w be se5 9 ! succe$+ v]se4 8,b ! sev5? day is ! ,sabba? ( ! ,"l ?y ,god2 9 x ?\ %alt n d any "w ?\ nor ?y son1 nor ?y daught]1 nor ?y man-s]vant1 71 eb$deka1 slave470 ,s1 !n1 if ?is p>ticul> ^w _h n be5 us$1 we c\ld n h said t ! comm& appli$ to slaves4 ,b ! ,hebrews _h a way ( express+ ! idea ( lab\r alone1 associat$ ) ! idea ( indu/ry z its adjective quality3 ,%\ld ,i say2 ,by y\r h&s y %all be su/a9$1 ! idea w\ld be t y %all be su/a9$ by y\r lab\r2 t is1 y\r p]sonal indu/ry4 ,s ! ,hebrews us$ ! words el yod1 :i* means 8by h&10 & is us$ to mean lab\r4 ,?us1 ,prov4 xiii4 #aa3 8,he t ga!re? by vanity %all be dim9i%$1 b he t ga!re? by lab\r 7 by h&1 i4 e4 by 8 own indu/ry7 %all increase40 ,is x n cle>1 !n1 t ! ,hebrews /ood 9 no ne$ ( ! ^w eb$ to mean lab\r g5]ally4 ,!y did use x to mean slave-lab\r1 & slave-lab\r alone1 z we %all m fully see h]eaft]4 ,?is language enabl$ its writ]s to express ! di/9ctive %ades ( mean+--^? adjective qualities associat$ ) ! idea lab\r4 ,^! facts may appe> to ! m]e ,engli% s*ol> z matt]s ( no importance--n wor? inve/igation4 ,b1 t\*+ ! ,hebrew use ( ?is ^w eb$ & its comp\nds1 z x affects & expresses ! in/itution ( slav]y1 amid ! eras ( ,div9e inspiration1 we hope to be su/a9$ 9 ! consid]ation ( its v great importance4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,iv4 ,"s ( ! lexicons say t ?is root eb$ means also wor%ip1 to wor%ip ,god1 or idols1 c41 )\t any connection ) ! idea ( slav]y4 ,9 ,g54 xxii4 #e3 8,& ,i & ! lad w g yond] & wor%ip20 "h1 wor%ip is f 1 f ! root %ahah1 :i* means to b[ d[n4 xxiii4 #ab3 8,& ,abraham b[$ d[n himself be=e ! p ( ! ,"l10 b[$ d[n himself 4 xlvii4 #ca3 8,& ,israel b[$ himself ^u ! b$'s head10 4 ,exod4 iv4 #ca3 8,!n !y b[$ _! heads & wor%ipp$10 4 ,?is root1 l all o!rs1 takes ^u itself a *ange ( %ape1 accord+ to ! condition 9 :i* x is us$4 ,we w pres5t a few in/ances ( its application 9 ,hebrew4 ,exod4 xi4 #h3 8,& b[ d[n !mselves unto me10 4 xx4 #e3 8,?\ %alt n b[ d[n ?yself unto !m40 xxxiii4 #aj3 8,& ! p rose up & wor%ipp$10 4 ,deut4 xxvi4 #aj3 8,& wor%ip be=e ! ,"l ?y ,god40 ,jo%4 v4 #ad3 8,& ,jo%ua fell on 8 face to ! e>? & did wor%ip10 4 #a ,sam4 xv4 #cj3 8,t ,i may wor%ip ! ,"l ?y ,god40 #ca3 8,& ,saul wor%ipp$ ! ,"l40 #b ,sam4 i4 #b3 8,t he fell to ! e>? & did obeisance10 4 xiv4 #cc3 8,& b[$ himself on 8 face to ! gr\nd be=e ! k+40 #a ,k+s i4 #bc3 8,he b[$ himself be=e ! k+ ) 8 face to ! gr\nd40 #b ,k+s v4 #ah3 8,:5 my ma/] goe? into ! h\se ( ,rimmon to wor%ip !re1 99 99 99 & ,i b[ myself 9 ! h\se ( ,rimmon1 99 99 99 :5 ,i b[ myself d[n 9 ! h\se ( ,rimmon40 xviii4 #bb3 8,ye %all wor%ip be=e ! alt> ( ,j]usalem40 xix4 #cg3 8,& x came to pass z he 0 wor%ipp+ 9 ! h\se ( ,ni%ro%1 8 ,god40 ,job i4 #bj3 8,!n ,job arose & fell d[n ^u ! gr\nd & wor%ipp$10 4 ,ezek4 viii4 #af3 8,& !y wor%ipp$ ! sun t[>ds ! ea/40 ,be=e we close our examples1 let u notice h[ ! ,hebrews appli$ ?is ^w 9 poetry4 ,ps4 xlv4 #ab 7#aa ( ! ,engli% text73 8,wor%ip ?\ him10 xcix4 #e3 8,exalt ye ! ,"l our ,god1 & wor%ip at 8 foot/ool40 cvi4 #ai3 8,!y made a calf 9 ,horeb & wor%ipp$ ! molt5 image40 xcvii4 #g3 8,conf\nd$ be all !y t s]ve 7 slave !mselves to7 grav5 images2 t boa/ !mselves ( idols3 wor%ip him1 all ye gods40 ,9 ?is in/ance1 ! ^w s]ve associates ) ! idea ( slav]y1 z does ! orig9al2 b ! wor%ip ) t ( rev]5ce4 ,bo? words occurr+ 9 ! same s5t5ce1 w give u "s idea ( _! diff]5t uses2 yet "s ?9k ?is ^w 9 su* in/ances synonym\s ) ! ^w wor%ip1 not)/&+ ! ,hebrew writ]s ?\ght diff]5tly2 yet true x is1 ?is ^w is sometimes us$ 7z x 7 by figure7 to express humility1 subs]vi5cy1 & devot$ness ( ! true wor%ipp]4 ,9 ! same mann]1 ,/4 ,paul expresses ! idea1 :5 he says1 t he is ! d\los 71 slave7 ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,9 an analog\s s5se1 ! ,arabic words hel & hallel1 ,hebrew hallal1 are us$ to mean wor%ip1 c4 ,ps4 cl43 8,praise ye ! ,"l1 praise ,god 9 8 sanctu>y10 c41 :]e ?is ^w is 9 frequ5t use1 & f :i* our ^w hallelujah has aris54 ,also ! ,arabic ^w hd1 ,hebrew hd1 is 9 some:at simil> use3 ,ps4 cxxxvi4 #a1 #b1 #c1 all comm5c+1 8,o give ?anks to ! ,"l10 mean+ glory1 maje/y1 or dignity to ! ,"l1 z ! wor%ip ( ! ,almighty4 ,we tru/ no "o has ev] f\nd ! ^w eb$ us$ 9 su* a s5se4 ,b x is said t avoda means implem5ts1 ut5sils1 appurt5ances1 7see ,gess5ius17 & ,num4 iii4 #bf1 #ca1 & #cf1 is quot$ 9 pro(3 8,& ! hang+s ( ! c\rt & ! curta9s = ! door ( ! c\rt1 :i* is by ! tab]nacle1 & by ! alt> r\nd ab\t1 & ! cords ( x1 = all ! s]vice !re(40 ,s]vice is translat$ f avoda?o4 ,! ^w1 z "h us$1 means slave-lab\r1 & might well h be5 translat$1 8,= all ! slave-lab\r !re(10 i4 e4 ( ! tab]nacle4 ,we _c p]ceive t x means ! hang+ ( ! c\rt1 or ! curta9s1 or cords4 ,! o!r in/ances quot$ are ( ! same "*1 & we dismiss _! consid]ation1 ask+ ! passages to be read4 ,b x is said1 to m9i/]1 to m9i/] unto1 is sometimes translat$ to ! ^w eb$4 #a ,k+s xix4 #ba3 8,!n he arose & w5t unto ,elijah1 & m9i/]$ unto him40 ,! ^w is f ! root %]e?1 & means to wait ^u1 to att5d to1 c41 di/9ct f ! idea ( slav]y4 ,9 ,matt4 iv4 #aa3 8,!n ! devil leave? him1 &1 behold1 angels came & m9i/]$ 71 diekon\n7 unto him40 ,?is ,greek ^w1 we deem1 w\ld be a good translation ( ?is ^w f ,hebrew into ,greek4 ,?is ^w is us$ 9 ,num4 iii4 #f3 8,t !y may m9i/] unto him40 #ca3 8,:]e) !y may m9i/] unto x40 iv4 #ab3 8,& !y %all take all ! in/rum5ts ( m9i/ry :]e) !y m9i/]40 #ad3 8,:]e) !y m9i/] ab\t x40 xviii4 #b3 8,t !y may be jo9$ unto !e & m9i/] unto !e40 #a ,k+s i4 #d3 8,& ! damsel 0 v fair1 & *]i%$ ! k+ & m9i/]$ to him40 #ae3 8,! ,%unammite m9i/]$ unto ! k+40 ,if ! ^w eb$ _h be5 us$1 x w\ld h %[n t %e 0 a slave4 ,! same ^w is cont9u$ to be us$ to mean m9i/]4 ,9 #a ,sam4 ii4 #aa3 8,& ! *ild did m9i/] unto ! ,"l be=e ,eli40 #ah3 8,b ,samuel m9i/]$ be=e ! ,"l1 be+ a *ild40 iii4 #a3 8,& ! *ild ,samuel m9i/]$ unto ! ,"l be=e ,eli40 #b ,sam4 xiii4 #ag3 8,!n he call$ 8 s]vant 7 8 "y man7 t m9i/]$ unto him40 ,n[1 _h ! eb$ be5 "h us$ in/ead ( ?is ^w1 z a v]b1 9 ! requir$ mood & t5se1 c41 x w\ld h be5 pro( t ! "y man 0 a slave4 ,b1 9 case ! ^w eb$1 z a n\n1 _h be5 us$1 in/ead ( n>1 !n ?is ^w might h be5 us$ z x is1 )\t affect+ ! slave "* ( ! s]vant4 #a ,k+s x4 #e3 8,& ! sitt+ ( 8 s]vants1 7 slaves17 & ! att5dance ( 8 m9i/]s10 4 ,?is passage %[s ) great di/9ctness ! diff]5t use & mean+ ( ! words eb$ & %]e?1 betwe5 ^? :o m9i/]$ unto him1 & ^? :o did slave-lab\r1 betwe5 ! m9i/] & ! slave & s we ev] f9d ! di/9ct uses & mean+s ( ^! words4 ,see ,exod4 xxviii4 #dc3 8,or :5 !y come ne> unto ! alt> to m9i/] 9 ! holy place40 ,deut4 x4 #h3 8,to /& be=e ! ,"l to m9i/] unto him40 xviii4 #e3 8,= ! ,"l ?y ,god ha? *os5 him out ( all ?y tribes to /& to m9i/] 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l1 him & 8 sons = ev]40 #a ,k+s viii4 #aa3 8,s t ! prie/s c\ld n /& to m9i/] because ( ! cl\d40 #b ,k+s xxv4 #ad3 8,& all ! vessels ( brass :]e) !y m9i/]$1 1 took !y away40 #b ,*ron4 xxiv4 #ad3 8 ,ev5 vessels to m9i/]10 4 ,neh4 x4 #cf 7! #bg? ( ! ,hebrew text73 8,unto ! prie/s t m9i/] 9 ! h\se ( ,god40 #ci 7! #dj? ( ! ,hebrew text73 8,& ! prie/s t m9i/]10 4 ,isa4 lx4 #g3 8,! rams ( ,nebaio? %all m9i/] unto !e40 ,let x be notic$ t ! ^w /rang]s is translat$ f ! ^w ne*>4 ,! ^w is ( ,arabic d]ivation f ek]1 & has a privative s5se1 z nescivit1 abrogavit1 improbavit4 ,h5ce1 ! ,hebrews us$ x to mean /range1 =eign1 & sometimes false1 z 9 ,deut4 xxxii4 #ab3 8,no /range 7false7 ,god ) him40 ,mal4 ii4 #aa3 8,! daught] ( a /range 7false7 ,god40 ,& ?is ^w 0 us$ to mean ! /rang]s1 idolat]s1 & reject$ p1 out ( :om ! ,hebrews 7 all[$ to make slaves1 & !re=e x 0 us$ 9 ,g54 xvii4 #ab3 8,or b\ght ) ?y money ( any /rang] 7 nek]7 :i* is n ( ?y se$40 ,& !re=e ! propriety ( ! use ( ?is ^w 9 ! description ( ^? :o %\ld be _! drudges & slates1 is beautifully express$ by ! idea ( build+ up _! walls1 z "h express$ by ! prophet4 ,b ! idea ( ! k+s m9i/]+1 is z be=e1 f ! root1 %]e?4 ,_m m examples ( ! use ( ?is ^w might be quot$2 b we tru/ ! =ego+ are suffici5t to e/abli% its mean+ to be altoge!r diff]5t & di/9ct f any use ( ! ^w eb$4 ,yet1 !re are 9 ! receiv$ translation ( ! holy books1 a few in/ances :]e ?is ^w is translat$ errone\sly1 z ?\gh x 7 a synonyme ( ! ^w eb$4 ,9 ,num4 xi4 #bh1 8,& ,jo%ua ! son ( ,nun1 ! s]vant ( ,moses10 ! ^w s]vant is translat$ f 1 & %\ld h be5 ! m9i/] ( ,moses4 ,9 ,exod4 xxiv4 #ac3 8,moses rose up & ,jo%ua 8 m9i/]0 4 ,9 ?is la/ quotation1 m9i/] is correctly translat$ f ! ^w z above1 prov+ ! error 9 ,numb]s4 ,a simil> error occurs also 9 ,ezek4 xx4 #cb2 x reads ?us3 8,& t :i* come? into y\r m9d %all n be at all t ye say1 ,we w be z ! hea!n1 z ! families ( ! c\ntry to s]ve wood & /one40 ,s]ve is translat$ f z above1 & %\ld h be5 to m9i/] unto wood & /one4 ,a l error occurs 9 ,exod4 xxxiii4 #aa3 8,b 8 s]vant ,jo%ua10 %\ld h be5 r5d]$1 88 m9i/] ,jo%ua40 ,s1 also1 9 ,num4 iv4 #dg1 ! ^w eb$ is translat$ z a synonyme ( %]a?4 ,! passage reads ?us3 8,f ?irty ye>s old & upw>d1 ev5 unto fifty ye>s old1 e "o t comes to d ! s]vice ( ! m9i/ry1 & ! s]vice ( ! burd5 9 ! tab]nacle ( ! congregation40 ,9 ?is passage1 ! ^w eb$1 ) affixes1 is us$ f\r times consecutively1 & imm$iately foll[$ by ! ^w massa1 :i* we h be=e se5 means lab\r1 ) ! idea ( ! burd5 ( lab\r altoge!r pr$om9at+4 ,9 ! translation1 x is pla9 to see t "o ( ^! words is totally left out1 :i*1 we suppose1 no "o w pret5d is n an error4 ,! translation made ( ^! five words at ! ,!ological ,college at ,&ov]1 is f> m correct ?an ! receiv$ v]sion4 ,x is ?us3 8to p]=m ! bus9ess ( ! s]vice & ! bus9ess ( ! burd510 c4 ,yet ?is is n ! language ( ! orig9al1 :i* reads ?us3 4 ,if our proposition is correct1 t ! ^w eb$ is nev] us$ 9 ,hebrew expression unassociat$ ) ! idea ( slav]y1 !n ?is passage f ,numb]s %\ld read3 8,f ?irty ye>s old & upw>ds1 ev5 to fifty ye>s old1 e "o t comes to slave 9 ! slav]y ( ! slave lab\r1 & 9 ! slav]y ( ! burd5s ( ! tab]nacle ( ! congregation40 ,we agree t ! passage is some:at difficult to r5d] into ,engli% b because we may f9d "s difficulty 9 mak+ good ,engli%1 we are n to translate f o!r words ( diff]5t mean+ f ! ones us$4 ,! holy p5m5 said :at !y meant1 & surely meant :at !y said3 !re 0 no d\ble deal+ 9 ! _s ( ,jehovah1 :o dictat$ to !m4 ,b t translators %\ld h1 9 "s few in/ances1 mi/ak5 or conf\nd$ ! use ( "o ^w1 is n to be ?\ght /range4 ,tak+ into view ! volume ( ! holy books1 x is truly wond]ful t great] errors 7 n committ$4 ,& we take occasion "h to rem>k1 t1 ( all ! ideas1 qualities1 & actions1 giv5 9 def9ition ( ! ^w eb$1 unassociat$ ) ! idea ( slav]y1 ^u exam9ation ( ! language1 we %all f9d graphic symbols repres5t+ _! phonetic signs1 di/9ct f ! idea ( slav]y1 z we h ^! already exam9$4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,v4 ,to %[ m cle>ly t ! ^w eb$ is nev] us$ 9 ,hebrew expression unassociat$ ) ! idea ( slav]y1 we n[ propose to exam9e t ^w z us$ by ! ,hebrew writ]s 9 ! holy books4 ,our words ,,s]vant1 s]vitude1 s]vice1 c4 are all d]iv$ f ! ,roman ^w ,,s]vus1 :i* meant a ,,slave2 & our ^w s]vant1 :5 fir/ introduc$ into our language1 z absolutely meant a slave z n[ does t t]m itself1 & ev5 n[ fully reta9s t mean+1 :]e ! ,engli% language & slav]y coexi/4 ,! ori5tal s*ol> 7& let him be invit$ to exam9e7 w p]ceive t ! ^w eb$ 0 common to all ! ,%emitic tribes1 & almo/ ) ! same phonetic p>ticul>s2 b z _! figures repres5t+ ! same phonetic p[] 7 q dissimil>1 we ?9k x a pro(1 almo/ demon/ration1 t ! ^w eb$ 0 us$ z a phonetic symbol by !m long be=e any ( ^? languages 7 writt54 ,?is circum/ance %[s ! extreme antiquity ( ! ^w2 & if we succe$ to e/abli% ! fact1 t ?is ^w meant no?+ b :at is n[ meant by ! ^w slave1 we %all also h e/abli%$ ! extreme antiquity ( ! ?+ itself4 ,a ^w means no?+1 until x is by "s means agre$ :at x %all repres5t1 :at idea1 or association ( ideas x %all excite 9 ! m9d4 ,h5ce1 x n unfrequ5tly occurs t a ?+ may be bett] describ$ by p>aphrasis ?an by ! expression ( a s+le t]m4 ,9 ,g54 xii4 #e3 8,& ,abram took ,s>ai 8 wife1 & ,lot 8 bro!r's son1 & _! sub/ance t !y _h ga!r$1 & ! s\ls t !y _h gott5 9 ,h>an40 ,! latt] clause ( ?is s5t5ce is f ?is ,hebrew expression1 1 :i* is correctly translat$ 9 ! ,&ov] lexicon1 8,! s\ls !y _h acquir$ 9 ,h>an40 ,e "o kn[s t ! ?+s "h meant are slaves4 ,b1 :5 ! s*ol> comes to exam9e ! p[] ( ! language ( ?is ,hebrew p>aphrasis1 he w discov] ?ree incid5t att5dants4 hannephe%1 translat$ s\ls1 also c>ries ) x ! idea a liv+ s\l1 to h life1 ! life itself1 ! liv+ pr9ciple1 & is s translat$ 9 _m places4 ,a slave1 !re=e1 mu/ h life3 :5 dead1 ! condition ceases4 ,9 ! same way1 ! s5t5ce expresses ! idea ( acquir+ prop]ty by pur*ase1 or any o!r way 9 :i* prop]ty may be acquir$ s z to be prop]ty4 ,! ?ree incid5ts !n are life1 a capacity ( be+ acquir$1 &1 :5 s acquir$1 prop]ty4 ,all ?is c\ld n h be5 express$ by ! s+le t]m eb$1 only z x is made ! repres5tative ( ?is complex idea3 & ,god has no d\bt caus$ ?is passage to be on record at ?is e>ly p]iod1 t ^! incid5ts %\ld f9ally come to ! k ( all m54 ,a some:at simil> expression is us$ 9 ,rev4 xviii4 #ac4 ,e "o kn[s t ,babylon _h be5 a great slave-m>ket4 ,/4 ,john1 aft] nam+ ! v>i\s articles ( h] m]*&ise1 adds 1 1 kai ton smatn1 kai tn psu*n1 :i* is translat$1 8slaves & s\ls ( m530 does n mean slaves1 b a dead body1 & is s us$ by ,hom]1 ,x5ophon1 & by ! ,new ,te/am5t itself2 b1 :5 unit$ ) 1 means slaves alone4 ,! phrase 8s\ls ( m510 !re=e1 9 ! translation1 is surplusage4 ,b ! xii4 #af ( ,g5esis is m p>ticul> 9 giv+ ! diff]5t k9ds ( prop]ty & _! appropriate names4 8,& he _h %eep & ox51 & he-asses1 & m5-s]vants 7 abadim71 & maid-s]vants1 & %e-asses1 & camels40 ,! ^w m5-s]vants is translat$ f ! plural ( eb$4 ,"h we f9d ! conv5tional t]m express+ ! complex idea1 previ\sly express$ by ! phrase 8 s\ls gott510 p]sons 9 life1 subject to be pur*as$1 & :5 pur*as$1 prop]ty1 z 7 %eep & ox51 & he-asses & %e-asses1 & camels4 ,9 ,g54 xvii4 #i-ac1 we beg9 to f9d ! law influ5c+ ! conduct ( ,abraham 9 ! managem5t ( ?is prop]ty3 8,& ,god said unto ,abram1 ?\ %alt10 c4 #ab3 8,& he t is eight days old %all be circumcis$10 c43 8,he t is born 9 ?y h\se1 or b\ght ) money ( any /rang] :i* is n ( ?y se$40 #ac3 8,he t is born 9 ?y h\se1 & he t is b\ght ) ?y money1 mu/ ne$s be circumcis$40 ,& let x "h be rememb]$ t ,god recognises ! possession ( ?is prop]ty1 by giv+ directions ) 8 own voice conc]n+ its gov]nm5t4 ,& 9 ,g54 xx4 #ad1 we h "s acc\nt ( ! orig9 ( ,abraham's title to "s portion ( ?is prop]ty3 8,& ,abimele* took %eep & ox5 & m5-s]vants 7 eb$im1 ! plural ( eb$71 & gave !m to ,abraham40 xxiv4 #ce3 8,& ! ,"l ha? bless$ my ma/] greatly1 & he is become great2 & he ha? giv5 him flocks & h]ds1 & silv] & gold1 & m5-s]vants & maid-s]vants1 & camels & asses40 ,"h ! plural ( eb$ is also us$4 ,su* is ! title by :i* he possess$ ?is prop]ty1 describ$ z giv5 to him by ! ,"l4 ,b ,god _h promis$ t he w\ld bless ,abraham1 ,g54 xvii4 #a3 8,! ,"l appe>$ unto ,abraham1 & said unto him1 ,i am ! ,almighty ,god40 #b3 8,& ,i w make my cov5ant betwe5 me & !e40 #g3 8,& ,i w e/abli% my cov5ant betwe5 me & !e1 & ?y se$ aft] !e 9 _! g5]ations1 = an ev]la/+ cov5ant40 #aj3 8,?is is my cov5ant40 7,?is cov5ant ext5ds f ! beg9n+ ( ! #aj? to ! end ( ! #ad? v]se47 ,"o "p ( ?is cov5ant 01 t ^! eb$s1 translat$ m5-s]vants1 :e!r born 9 8 h\se or b\ght ) 8 money ( any /rang]1 %\ld be circumcis$4 ,:]e=e1 ! possession ( ^! eb$s z prop]ty became agreeable to ! t]ms ( ! cov5ant1 a "p ( ! cov5ant itself--a cov5ant fir/ propos$ & promulgat$ by ! great ,jehovah2 z he /yles himself 9 ! cov5ant1 ! ,almighty ,god6 ,g54 xxvi4 #b3 8,& ! ,"l appe>$ unto him 7,isaac71 & said1 ,g n d[n into ,egypt3 dwell 9 ! l& :i* ,i %all tell !e (3 soj\rn 9 ?is l&1 & ,i w be ) !e1 & w bless !e40 #d3 8,& ,i w make ?y se$ to multiply z ! />s ( heav51 & ,i w give unto ?y se$ all ^! c\ntries2 & 9 ?y se$ %all all ! nations ( ! e>? be bless$40 #ac3 8,& ! man 7,isaac7 wax$ great1 & w5t =w>d & grew until he became v great40 #ad3 8,= he _h possession ( flocks1 & possession ( h]ds1 & great /ore ( s]vants 7 abuddah1 slaves1 a plural =mation ( eb$71 & ! ,phili/9es envi$ him40666 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,vi4 ,g54 xxvii4 #bi3 8,let p s]ve !e 7 be slaves to !e71 be "l ov] ?y bre?r51 & let ?y "m's sons b[ d[n to !e2 curs$ be e "o t curse? !e1 & bless$ be he t blesse? !e40 ,let u notice ! con=mity ( ?is passage ) ,g54 xxv4 #bc3 8,& ! ,"l said unto h]1 two nations are 9 ?y womb1 & two mann] ( p %all be sep>at$ f ?y b[els1 & ! "o p %all be /rong] ?an ! o!r p1 & ! eld] %all s]ve 7 be a slave to7 ! y\ng]40 ,g54 xxx4 #dc3 8,& ! man 7,jacob7 increas$ exce$+ly1 & _h mu* cattle1 & maid-s]vants1 & m5-s]vants 7 ! plural ( eb$71 & camels & asses40 ,exod4 xx4 #a1 #b1 #i1 #aj1 #ag3 8,& ,god spake all ^! words1 say+10 #b3 8,i am ! ,"l ?y ,god1 :i* h br\ght !e out ( ! l& ( ,egypt1 out ( ! h\se ( bondage0 7 out ( slav]y73 #e3 8,?\ %alt n b[ d[n 7 wor%ip !m7 ?yself to !m1 nor s]ve 7 be a slave to !m7 !m40 #i3 8,six days %alt ?\ lab\r 7 slave ?yself1 or d ,,slave-,,lab\r7 & d 7oso1 lab\r or d "w7 all ?y "w10 7 all ?y accu/om$ lab\rs47 ,?is comm& embraces all classes1 ! slave z well z ! mo/ elevat$4 ,all m51 by ! fall ( ,adam1 _h become subject to slave-lab\r4 #aj3 8,b ! sev5? day is ! sabba? ( ! ,"l ?y ,god1 9 x ?\ %alt n d any "w1 ?\1 nor ?y son1 nor ?y daught]1 ?y man-s]vant 7 ?y slave71 ?is comm&m5t we are direct$ n to covet any ?+ t is our neighb\r's1 includ+ 8 man-s]vant & maid-s]vant4 ,"h ! same ^w is also us$4 ,exod4 xxi4 #a3 8,n[ ^! are ! judgm5ts :i* ?\ %alt set be=e !m40 #b3 8,if ?\ buy a ,hebrew s]vant 7 eb$71 7 %all slave himself710 #e3 8,& if ! s]vant 7 ha eb$1 slave7 %all pla9ly say1 ,i love10 c4 ,exod4 xxi4 #g3 8,%e %all n g out z ! m5-s]vants d40 7 ! plural is "h us$47 #bj3 8,if a man smite 8 s]vant or 8 maid ) a rod1 & he die "u 8 h&1 he %all be surely puni%$3 = he is 8 money40 #bf3 8,if a man smite ! eye ( 8 s]vant10 4 #bg3 8 ,if he smite out 8 man-s]vant's too?10 4 #cb 8,if ! ox %all pu% ! man-s]vant or maid-s]vant1 he %all give unto _! ma/] ?irty %ekels ( silv]1 & ! ox %all be /on$40 ,lev4 xxv4 #dd3 8,bo? ?y bond-m5 & ?y bond-maids :i* ?\ %alt h1 %all be ( ! hea!n t are r\nd ab\t y1 ( !m %all ye buy bond-m510 7 eb$47 #de3 8,moreov]1 ( ! *ildr5 ( ! /rang]s t d soj\rn among y1 ( !m %all ye buy1 & ( _! families t are ) y1 :i* !y beget 9 y\r l&1 & !y %all be y\r possession40 #df3 8,& ye %all take !m z an inh]itance = y\r *ildr5 aft] y1 to inh]it !m = a possession !y %all be y\r bond-m5 = ev]40 ,deut4 v4 #ad3 8,b ! sev5? day is ! sabba? ( ! ,"l ?y ,god2 9 x ?\ %alt n d any "w1 ?\1 nor ?y son1 nor ?y daught]1 nor ?y man-s]vant 1 nor ?y maid-s]vant1 t ?y man-s]vant & ?y maid-s]vant may re/ z well z ?\40 #ae3 8,& rememb] t ?\ wa/ a s]vant 7 eb$7 9 ! l& ( ,egypt40 #ba 7#ah? ( ,hebrew text73 8,nei!r %alt ?\ covet ?y neighb\r's h\se1 8 field1 or 8 man-s]vant 1 or 8 maid-s]vant40 ,deut4 xii4 #ab3 8,& ye %all rejoice be=e ! ,"l y\r ,god1 ye1 & y\r sons1 & y\r daught]s1 & y\r m5-s]vants 7 a plural =m ( eb$71 ?y son1 & ?y daught]1 & ?y man-s]vant10 4 ,deut4 xv4 #ab3 8,if ?y bro!r1 a ,hebrew man1 or a ,hebrew woman1 be sold unto !e1 & s]ve !e six ye>s40 #ae3 8,& ?\ %alt rememb] t ?\ wa/ a bond-man 7 eb$7 9 ! l& ( ,egypt40 #ag3 8,& he %all be ?y s]vant 7 eb$7 = ev]40 ,deut4 xvi4 #aa3 8,& ?\ %alt rejoice be=e ! ,"l ?y ,god1 ?\1 & ?y son1 & ?y daught]1 & ?y man-s]vant 1 & ?y maid-s]vant1 & ! ,levite t is )9 ?y gates1 & ! /rang]1 & ! fa!rless1 & ! wid[1 t are among y40 #ab3 8,& ?\ %alt rememb] t ?\ wa/ a bond-man 7 eb$7 9 ,egypt40 #ad3 8,& ?\ %alt rejoice 9 ?y fea/1 ?\1 & ?y son1 & ?y daught]1 & ?y man-s]vant 1 & ?y maid-s]vant1 & ! ,levite1 ! /rang]1 & ! fa!rless1 & ! wid[40 ,deut4 xx4 #aj3 8,:5 ?\ come/ nigh unto a city to fight aga9/ x1 !n proclaim peace unto x40 #aa3 8,& x %all be if x make !e an answ] ( peace & op5 unto !e1 !n x %all be1 t all ! p f\nd !re9 %all be tribut>ies 7 lamas1 afflict$1 ca/ d[n1 to pay tribute1 c471 & !y %all s]ve 7 be ?y slaves7 !e40 ,deut4 xxiii4 #i-ag conta9s c]ta9 laws to be obs]v$ 9 "t ( w> ) _! enemies1 c41 "o ( :i* is1 t a slave escap$ to !m f ! enemy %\ld n be re/or$1 c4 ,deut4 xxiii4 #af 7#ae? ( ! ,engli% text73 8,?\ %alt n deliv] unto 8 ma/] ! s]vant10 7 eb$1 slave47 xxiv4 #ah3 8,b ?\ %alt rememb] t ?\ wa/ a bond-man10 7 eb$1 slave47 wa/ a bond-man10 ,g54 ix4 #be3 8,& he said1 ,curs$ be ,canaan1 a s]vant ( s]vants 7eb$-eb$im7 %all he be unto 8 bre?r540 #bf3 8,& he said1 ,bless$ be ! ,"l ,god ( ,%em1 & ,canaan %all be 8 s]vant10 7 eb$47 ,_m m in/ances ( a simil> use ( ?is ^w might be select$ f ! holy books2 "s ( :i* we hope to notice 9 ! progress ( our /udy4 ,su*1 !n1 0 ! ,hebrew use ( ! ^w1 to mean slave1 a p]son pur*as$ or o!rwise acquir$1 & ! unque/ionable prop]ty ( ! ma/]4 ,su* !n be+ ! condition ( ! eb$1 slave1 x is evid5t t he c\ld n be cont5t$ & happy1 9 case he _h ambition to gratify1 ) hopes & prospects be=e him adv]se f ^? ( 8 ma/]2 8 :ole e>?ly felicities are b\nd up 9 8 ma/]'s welf>e & prosp]ity2 l an individual ( an army1 he feels t ! elevation1 ! brilliancy ( ! comm&] is reflect$ ^u him2 & ) a ,*ri/ian _s1 he obeys 8 ma/] 9 all ?+s1 8n ) eye-s]vice1 b ) s+l5ess ( he>t1 fe>+ ,god40 ,see ,col4 iii4 #bb4 ,9 su* a /ate ( m9d1 ! slave f9ds no unhapp9ess 9 8 condition1 b joy & gladness2 & ) ! slave ( ,abraham1 he implores ,jehovah3 8,o ,"l ,god ( my ma/] ,abraham6 ,i pray !e s5d me good spe$ ?is day1 & %[ k9dness unto my ma/] ,abraham3 ,bless$ be ! ,"l ,god ( my ma/] ,abraham1 :o ha? n left de/itute my ma/] ( 8 m]cy & tru?40 ,g54 xxiv4 #ab & #bg4 ,expressive ( a "* ( p]fect devot$ness1 humility1 & ob$i5ce4 ,! t]m eb$ might well be borr[$ to express ! e>ne/ devotion ( a wor%ipp] ( ,jehovah1 & is s (t5 us$ 9 connection ) ! patri>*s1 ,moses1 ,david1 & ! prophets4 ,! t]m ?us us$ expresses ! quality ( _! devot$ness & ob$i5ce1 & n necess>ily ! quality ( ! individual4 ,9 ?is s5se1 ! apo/les /yle !mselves ! 71 d\loi7 slaves ( ,jesus ,*ri/2 n t !y 7 p]sonally d\loi1 b 9 _! devotion & ob$i5ce to him1 !y 7 :at ! d\los 0 or %\ld be to 8 ma/]4 ,x is probable t1 9 "s s5se1 all m5 feel t 9 ! h& ( ,god !y are z clay 9 ! h&s ( ! pott]2 t ! great ,jehovah ov]rules & gov]ns all ?+s2 t1 z exi/5ces1 !y are f & dep5d5t on him3 "u su* a s5se1 we sometimes f9d ! t]m eb$ appli$1 z 9 ! "n ,obadiah1 ,obadyahu1 ! slave ( ,god1 & us$ z a prop] n\n4 ,b su* comp\nd words are dep5d5t = _! mean+ ^u ! complex ideas ( :at _! primitives signifi$2 &1 9 a some:at analog\s s5se1 ! t]m eb$ is appli$ to ,nebu*adnezz>1 lie be+ 9 ! h&s ( ! ,almighty1 z clay 9 ! h&s ( ! pott]1 ! m]e in/rum5t1 ! fabrication ( 8 h&4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 9 ! books ( ,ezra1 ,nehemiah1 & ,daniel1 a use ( ?is ^w peculi> to !m2 b we %\ld recollect t !y 7 educat$ 9 ! ,p]sian capital & employ$ 9 high /ations by ! ,p]sian mon>*4 ,we may !re=e well expect "s v>iation 9 _! dialect4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,vii4 ,& we may well br+ to m9d ! fact t !re are two di/9ctly m>k$ eras 9 ! ,hebrew language4 ,! fir/ ends at ! ,babyloni% captivity4 ,! ,p5tateu* & old] prophets1 ,ru?1 ,samuel1 ,k+s1 ,psalms1 & ,prov]bs1 come )9 ?is era4 ,! second comm5ces ) ! return ( ! ,israelites f t captivity1 & ext5ds to ! introduction ( ,greek into ,pale/9e1 subsequ5t to ! conque/s ( ,alex&]4 ,! fir/ p]iod may be emphatically call$ anci5t ,hebrew2 & ! latt]1 m mod]n4 ,! ,hebrew ( ?is p]iod is /rongly m>k$ by an approximation to ! ,*aldee & ,p]sian4 ,to ?is p]iod ( ! language belong ! books ( ,nehemiah1 ,ezra1 ,daniel1 ,e/h]1 ,jonah1 ,haggai1 ,mala*i1 ,ecclesia/es1 & a "p ( ! ,psalms2 & ^! works w ev] be reg>d$ by ! ori5tal s*ol> z inf]ior 9 classical lit]ature to ^? ( e>li] date1 not)/&+ _! o!r m]its ( high excell5ce4 ,b "s ( ! peculi>ities ( ! writ+s ( ! second p]iod are n to be reg>d$ z rec5t alt]ations1 b z ! phonetic1 unwritt5 ,hebrew ( ! m remote di/ricts ( ,pale/9e itself4 ,! v>iations ( ?is m mod]n f ! anci5t ,hebrew are extremely num]\s1 bo? z to ! sub/itution ( "o ^w = ano!r1 b also z to a *ange ( mean+ ( ! same ^w2 z1 = in/ance1 ! m anci5t w\ld h us$ ! ^w malak to signify a k+1 to rule1 c42 b ! m mod]n h us$ a ^w1 :i*1 f its /rong phonetic relation1 has evid5tly be5 d]iv$ f x1 %alat1 to mean to rule1 c41 & s us$ ,ps4 cxix4 #acc1 ,eccl4 ii4 #ai1 ,e/h] ix4 #a1 ,neh4 v4 #ae1 ,dan4 ii4 #ci1 & 9 _m o!r places4 ,s also ! anci5t w\ld use ! ^w am>1 to signify to speak1 to say2 b ! m mod]n uses ! same ^w to signify to comm&4 ,:at we say is1 t we _c always le>n ! orig9al mean+ ( a ^w f ! m mod]n use ( x4 ,we w n[ notice ! use ( ! anci5t ^w eb$ 9 ?is m mod]n dialect ( ! ,hebrews4 ,9 ,ezra iv4 #ai1 we f9d1 8,& t rebellion & s$ition h be5 made !re90 is translat$ f mi?ab$4 ,let u exam9e ! circum/ances "u :i* ?is s5t5ce 0 writt54 ,rehum _h writt5 to ! mon>* ,artax]xes 9 opposition to ! build+ ( ! walls ( ,j]usalem1 in=m+ him t x _h ev] be5 a rebelli\s city1 hurtful to k+s1 c42 9 answ] to :i*1 ! k+ writes1 8t ! records h be5 exam9$1 & x is f\nd t ?is city ( old "t ha? made insurrection aga9/ k+s1 & t rebellion & s$ition ha? be5 made !re940 ,! ,p]sian mon>*s 7 all absolute2 !y reg>d$ ^? :om !y conqu]$ z slaves2 & :5 !y rebell$1 !y us$ ?is ^w to signify t x 0 slaves :o rebell$4 ,our ^w s]vile is some:at analog\s1 & might v prop]ly be sub/itut$ = x 9 ! =ego+ text1 ?us3 8,& x is f\nd1 ?is city ( old "t ha? made insurrection aga9/ k+s1 & t !re ha? be5 s]vile rebellion & s$ition !re940 ,:5 we speak ( insurrection1 s$ition1 rebellion1 or w> ) slaves1 we call x s]vile1 z ,artax]xes did 9 ?is case1 to %[ ! fact t ! w> 0 ) slaves4 ,ezra iv4 #bd1 ?is ^w is translat$ "w4 ,s 9 v4 #h1 "w1 vi4 #g1 "w1 to %[ t ! lab\r 0 done by slaves1 or1 figuratively1 t ! lab\r 0 int5se1 devot$1 & ob$i5t1 z ( slaves4 vi4 #h3 8,ye %all d40 #ab3 8,let x be done ) spe$40 #ac3 8,s !y did spe$ily40 vii4 #ah3 8,t d aft] ! w ( y\r ,god40 & 8,to d ) ! re/ ( ! silv] & gold40 #ba3 8,x be done spe$ily40 #bc3 8,let x be dilig5tly done40 #bf3 8,w n d40 8,let judgm5t be execut$ spe$ily40 ,^! in/ances ( ! use ( mon>* ( ,p]sia is speak+1 :o reg>d$ n only ! ,jews1 b all 8 subjects1 z slaves4 ,x 0 ! c\rt mann] ( ! ea/]n mon>*s 9 su* decrees to ?r[ 9 occasionally an exclamation ( ! nature ( an imp]ative int]jection1 su* z1 ,slave1 att5d6 ,pay att5tion1 slaves6 ,li/51 slaves6 c41 all 9 sub/ance mean+ t ^? to :om ! decree is issu$ %\ld p]=m x quickly & )\t fur!r notice4 ,& we f9d ! same cu/om exi/+ among !m ev5 at ?is day1 & su* is ! true s5se 9 :i* ! t]m is "h us$4 ,let u exemplify x4 ,ezra vi4 #ab3 8,i1 ,d>ius1 h made a decree20 !n foll[s ! ,p]sian adv]b asepporna1 :i* means quickly1 spe$ily1 dilig5tly1 c42 !n ! ^w 9 "q1 z be=e notic$3 8quickly1 slaves10 is !re=e ! lit]al mean+1 i4 e4 :at he _h decre$ !y %\ld in/antly p]=m4 ,we d n pret5d to say t translat+ x to d1 c4 gives a sub/antially wrong s5se2 b x seems x may h l$ lexicograph]s to an errone\s conception ( ! mean+ ( ! ^w4 ,j]4 x4 #aa3 8,! gods t h n made ! heav5s & ! e>?30 made is translat$ f 4 ,if ?is ^w is ! correct read+1 ! idea ( ! prophet _h reg>d to ! p[]1 n to ! act ( a creator1--! gods t h n subject$1 h n plac$ 9 subjection1 z if 9 slav]y to1 ^: laws d n gov]n ! heav5s & ! e>?4 ,! gods :o c\ld n d ^! ?+s are n gods1 & !y %all p]i%4 ,?is 0 ! idea ( ! prophet4 ,b ?is ^w is m>k$ 9 all ! be/ copies ) a k]i1 %[+ t ?is read+ 0 suspect$ by ! ,jewi% s*ol>s to be bad2 & !y supply 9 ! m>g9 ! words 1 :i* is at lea/ "s pro( t !y ?\ght its use 9 ?is in/ance unusual2 & ,k5necott & ,de ,rossi f\nd ^! words us$ in/ead ( 9 "s copies4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,viii4 ,b we h a sure me?od by :i* we may discov] :at mean+ ,ezra did affix to ?is ^w--by exam9+ 8 use ( x 9 ^? cases :]e its mean+ _c be d\btful4 ,see ,ezra iv4 #aa3 8,?y s]vants10 4 v4 #aa3 8,we are ! s]vants10 1 hav+ relevance to _! devot$ness to ,god4 vi4 #af comm5ces ) ! ^w 1 :i* is omitt$ 9 our translation4 ,! s5t5ce %\ld comm5ce ?us3 8,& ! slaves1 ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 ! prie/s10 c4 ix4 #i3 8,= we 7 bondm5 1 yet our ,god ha? n =sak5 u 9 our bondage10 4 ,^! in/ances cle>ly %[ h[ ,ezra und]/ood ?is ^w3 not)/&+ 8 writ+s 7 t\*$ ) ! ,p]sian & ,*aldee idioms4 ,a simil> result w be f\nd ^u ! exam9ation ( ,nehemiah & ,daniel4 ,neh4 ii4 #aj & #ai3 8,& ,tobiah ! s]vant 1 ! ,ammonite he>d ( x0--8,& ,tobiah ! s]vant 1 ! ,ammonite40 v4 #e3 8,yet n[ our fle% is z ! fle% ( our bre?r51 our *ildr5 z _! *ildr53 & lo1 we br+ into bondage 7 kov%im7 sons & our daught]s to be s]vants 7 slaves71 & "s ( our daught]s are br\ght into bondage 7 subjections1 n necess>ily slav]y7 already10 7 kova%47 ,! root f :i* ^! two words are =m$ 9 no s5se means slav]y1 b to r$uce1 to subdue1 to humble2 & 9 ?is s5se is us$ 9 ,e/h] vii4 #h1 & translat$ 8=ce40 ,b ?is ^w aids v mu* 9 %[+ :at idea 0 affix$ to ! ^w eb$2 & we ask to comp>e ?is passage ( ,nehemiah ) ,j]4 xxxiv4 #h-af3 8,?is is ! ^w t came unto ,j]emiah f ! ,"l1 aft] t k+ ,z$ekiah _h made a cov5ant ) all ! p :i* 7 at ,j]usalem1 to proclaim lib]ty unto !m2 99 99 99 t e man %\ld let 8 man-s]vant1 7 male slave17 & e man 8 maid-s]vant 1 be+ a ,hebrew or ,hebrewess1 g free2 t none %\ld s]ve 7 slave7 himself ( !m1 to wit1 ( a ,jew 8 bro!r4 ,n[1 :5 all ! pr9ces1 & all ! p :i* _h ent]$ into ! cov5ant1 he>d t e "o %\ld let 8 man-s]vant 7 male slave71 & e "o 8 maid-s]vant1 g free1 t none s]ve !mselves 7 slave !mselves71 ( !m any m1 !n !y obey$ & let !m g4 ,b aft]w>ds !y turn$ & caus$ ! s]vants 7 ha abadim1 slaves71 & ! h&-maids1 :om !y _h let g free1 to return4 ,!re=e ! ^w ( ! ,"l came to ,j]emiah1 f ! ,"l1 say+1 ,?us sai? ! ,"l1 ! ,god ( ,israel1 ,i made a cov5ant ) y\r fa!rs 9 ! day t ,i br\ght !m =? out ( ! l& ( ,egypt1 out ( ! h\se ( bond-m5 7 eb$im1 slaves71 say+1 ,at ! end ( sev5 ye>s1 let g e man 8 bro!r a ,hebrew1 :i* ha? be5 sold unto !e2 & :5 he ha? s]v$ !e 7 slav$ = !e7 six ye>s1 ?\ %alt let him g free f !e2 b y\r fa!rs he>k5$ n unto me1 nei!r incl9$ _! e>4 ,& ye 7 n[ turn$1 & _h done "r 9 my sight1 9 proclaim+ lib]ty e man to 8 neighb\r2 & ye _h made a cov5ant be=e me 9 ! h\se :i* is call$ by my "n4 ,b ye turn$ & pollut$ my "n1 & caus$ e man 8 s]vant1 7 eb$do1 slave17 & e man 8 h&-maid1 :om he _h set at lib]ty at _! pleasure1 to return1 & br\ght !m into subjection 77 to be unto y = s]vants 7 = slaves71 & = h&-maids40 ,! comp>ison ( ^! passages proves ! fact t ,nehemiah & ,j]emiah us$ ! ^w eb$ to mean a slave1 )\t any v>iation ( mean+4 ,nor w we hold ,nehemiah responsible = 8 ^w kava%1 subjection1 be+ translat$ bondage4 ,neh4 vii4 #ff1 #fg1 gives an acc\nt ( ! captive ,israelites t return$ f ,susa & ,babylon to ,j]usalem4 8,& ! :ole congregation toge!r 0 =ty & two ?\s& ?ree hundr$ & ?reescore4 ,besides _! man-s]vants 7 male slaves71 & _! maid-s]vants1 ( :om !re 7 sev5 ?\s& ?ree hundr$ & ?irty score40 ,we tru/ t s v>i$1 p>ticul>1 & descriptive are ! records left 9 ! holy books ?r\gh :i* we may se>* out :at ! ,hebrews meant by _! use ( ! ^w eb$ 771 t its c]ta9ty & def9it5ess mu/ place ! inquiry beyond d\bt4 ,b z 9 ?is in/ance ! ^w kava% has be5 translat$ bondage1 x may be well to give a few examples ( its use 9 ! holy books1 t all may see & "k t its mean+ is totally di/9ct f t ( slav]y4 ,g54 i4 #bh3 8,multiply & repl5i% ! e>? & subdue x10 4 ,num4 xxxii4 #bb3 8,& ! l& be subdu$ be=e ! ,"l40 #bi3 8,& ! l& %all be subdu$ be=e y40 ,jo%4 xviii4 #a3 8,& ! l& 0 subdu$ be=e !m40 #b ,sam4 viii4 #a3 8,:i* he subdu$10 4 #b ,*ron4 ix4 #ah3 8,) a foot/ool10 because a foot/ool 0 9 ! place ( subjection4 ,ze*4 ix4 #ae3 8,& subdue ) sl+-/ones40 ,micah vii4 #ai3 8,he w subdue our iniquities40 ,! =ego+ examples1 we tru/1 are suffici5t to disabuse ! m9d ( ! idea ( any synonyme ( mean+ ( ^! two words4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,ix4 ,,we propose to exam9e ! ,hebrew use ( ! ^w eb$ 9 ! #e? & #ae? ( ! second *apt] ( ,g5esis3 8,9 t day ! ,"l ,god made ! e>?1 & ! heav5s1 & e plant ( ! field be=e x grew2 = ! ,"l ,god _h n caus$ x to ra9 ^u ! e>?1 & !re 0 n a man to till ! gr\nd40 ,to till is "h translat$ f ?is ^w eb$1 ) ! affix ( ! preposition 4 ,?is is ! fir/ in/ance 9 :i* ! ^w is us$ 9 ! holy book2 & x may seem extremely /range t ! writ]s ( ^! books f\nd its use necess>y 9 _! description ( ev5ts ev5 be=e ! creation ( man4 ,x is n our bus9ess to draw out !ological doctr9e unconnect$ ) ! subject ( our pres5t inquiry2 b we suppose x w n be disput$ t ! great ,jehovah z well knew1 be=e he creat$ ! heav5s & ! e>?1 & man ^u ! e>?1 all & e p>ticul> ( :at w\ld happ51 z at any subsequ5t "t3 ) him1 a day is z a ?\s& ye>s1 & a ?\s& ye>s z "o day4 ,we may behold ! bir?1 maturity1 & dea? ( "s animalcula1 9 a day or 9 an h\r4 ,b1 ) him ! succession ( g5]ations1 ( ! animal life ( a ?\s& ye>s1 pass 9 in/antane\s & pres5t view4 ,"t app]ta9s alone to mortals4 ,he saw ! mo/ ultimate condition ( man2 & ! e>? & ! h]b 7 made to suit x4 ,b f ! mann] ( ! expression ( ! text1 may we n conclude t ! h]b1 al?\gh made1 w\ld n gr[ until man 0 creat$1 & 9 ! condition to till 7 to slave7 ! gr\nd8 ,! support ( ! animal _w1 indep5d5t ( man1 is spontane\sly pres5t$ be=e !m3 n s ) man 9 8 fall5 /ate4 8,he s5de? ! spr+s into ! valley1 :i* run among ! hills4 ,!y give dr9k to e bea/ ( ! field3 ! wild asses qu5* _! ?ir/4 ,by !m %all ! f[ls ( heav5 h _! habitation1 :i* s+ among ! bran*es4 ,he wat]e? ! hills f 8 *amb]s2 ! e>? is satisfi$ ) ! fruit ( ?y works4 ,he cause? ! grass to gr[ = ! cattle1 & h]b = ! s]vice 7 = ! slav]y7 ( man3 t he may br+ =? food out ( ! e>?10 ,ps4 civ4 #aj-ad4 ,! second in/ance 9 :i* ?is ^w is us$ is 9 ,g54 ii4 #ae3 8,& ! ,"l ,god took ! man & put him into ! g>d5 ( ,ed5 to dress x1 & to keep x40 ,to dress x is translat$ f ?is ^w 4 ,!re is c]ta9ly mu* obscurity 9 ! use ( ! ^w 9 ?is in/ance4 ,pr(essor ,/u>t1 ( ,&ov]1 supposes t x inculcates ! doctr9e t lab\r 0 impos$ on man 9 ! p>adisiacal /ate2 consequ5tly1 t lab\r 0 no "p ( ! curse :i* foll[$ ! apo/acy4 7,see 8 ,*ree/oma?y1 page #aje47 ,?is view excludes ! idea t ! ^w1 z "h us$1 is associat$ ) ! idea ( slav]y1 & t1 if1 9 ! int]*ange ( language1 al?\gh ! idea ( lab\r may pr$om9ate1 nev]!less1 x mu/ be slave lab\r4 ,our m9d does n yield its ass5t to 8 position4 ,we _h associat$ ) our idea ( ?is p>adise ! mo/ p]fect heav51 ! dwell+-place ( ,jehovah66 & t ! g5]ations ( man1 :5 guid$ & gov]n$ by ,div9e m]cy 9 su* a mann] t we c\ld be happy !re91 t x w\ld yet become our ultimate home1--78,he t ha? an e>1 let him he> :at ! ,_s sai? unto ! *ur*es2 ,to him t ov]come? w ,i give to eat ( ! tree ( life1 :i* is 9 ! mid/ ( ! p>adise ( ,god10 ,rev4 ii4 #g17--;& t ! humble wor%ipp] ( ,jehovah :ile 9 a /ate ( progressive prep>$ness1 w\ld !re=e cry out ) ! ,psalmi/1 8,unto !e ,i lift m9e eyes1 ,o ?\ t dwelle/ 9 ! heav5s6 ,behold1 z ! eyes ( s]vants 7 male slaves7 look unto ! h& ( _! ma/]2 & z ! eyes ( a maid5 7 %iphhah1 female slave7 unto ! h& ( h] mi/ress1 s our eyes wait ^u ! ,"l our ,god until he h m]cy ^u u40 ,ps4 cxxiii4 #a1 #b4 ,if !n ! p>adise ( old 0 ! type ( ! p>adise et]nal1 x w\ld seem t ! lab\r ( ! eb$ 0 exclud$ !refrom3 8,because ! creature itself also %all be deliv]$ f ! bondage 71 slav]y7 ( corruption into ! glori\s lib]ty ( ! *ildr5 ( ,god40 ,rom4 viii4 #ba4 ,& = ?is v good reason1 t slav]y1 ! consequ5t ( s91 c\ld nev] f9d entrance !re3 reg5]ation is !re=e indisp5sable4 8,x /rikes me t ! use ( ! v]b 7 abad1 pres5ts no difficulty t calls = explanation4 ,! language ( inspiration is man's language1 ?\gh employ$ by ,god4 ,! ev5ts1 facts1 ?+s1 acts1 t prec$$ man's creation1 mu/ /ill be describ$ by language & t]ms t _h come into use aft] man's creation4 ,man mu/ fir/ exi/ be=e !re c\ld be words to be us$ 9 convey+ k to man4 ,a ^w imply+ slav]y might !re=e mo/ reasonably be f\nd 9 a description ( ?+s prior to ! exi/5ce ( man1 or ( slav]y1 :i* description 0 writt5 long aft]w>ds by ,moses1 & 9 language :i* 0 9 use among/ ! m5 = :om he wrote4 ,:5 ,moses wrote1 :5 ,god inspir$ him1 eb$ 0 a famili> ^w40 ,extract f manuscript lett] ( ! ,rev4 ,j4,b4 ,/ratton to ! au?or4 ,b 9 ! pursuance ( ! *a9 ( ?\ght t fir/ 0 impress$ on our m9d1 we h to rem>k t ! ^w ,ed5 meant pleasure1 happ9ess4 ,x seems to h be5 d]iv$ f or cognate ) ! ,arabic ^w ad51 & means s(tness1 g5tl5ess1 mildness1 t5d]ness1 & da9t9ess1 9 t language4 ,! ,hebrews _h also ano!r ^w f ?is same root1 adi1 to mean ornam5ts1 c41 & ada91 to mean luxuri\sness & delicate4 ,! ^w1 z us$ 9 ! text be=e1 is appli$ to a di/rict ( c\ntry1 & conf]s ! adjective qualities to said di/rict1 i4 e4 a di/rict ( c\ntry ( great pleasure & delight4 ,! g5]al b\nd>ies are giv5 & describ$ by ! nam+ ( its riv]s4 ,x 0 ( consid]able ext5t1 embrac+1 p]haps1 m ?an ! :ole ( ! anci5t ,arm5ia4 8,& a g>d5 0 plant$ ea/w>d 9 ,ed540 ,g>d5 is translat$ f gan4 ,! ^w is d]iv$ f ganan4 ,! ^w means1 to protect1 protection1 a ?+ protect$4 ,! idea express$ by x is n conf9$ to a s+le wall$ area2 b ! two words are (t5 us$ toge!r1 z if x 0 int5d$ to convey ! idea ( ! fact t ! protection ext5d$ to ! :ole ( ,ed54 ,& x may be well conceiv$ t innoc5cy 0 its protection4 ,"h cunn+ art nev] wove its web = ! entanglem5t ( its victim4 ,"h no crocodile te>s entic$ sympa?y )9 ! rea* ( h>m4 ,"h no vile wret* ev] betray$ a bro!r's confid5ce4 ,"h ! lion & ! lamb might h c\*$ toge!r1 & ! infant h play$ ) ! tig]'s paw4 ,we are aw>e t "s mod]n s*ol>s consid] ! description ( ! g>d5 ( ,ed5 by ,moses a m]e picture ( ! m9d4 ,ros5mael] says t x is on a p> ) ,virgil's description ( ! ,elysian fields4 ,?is class ( philosoph]s consid] ! :ole z a fiction3 b man _h 8 comm5cem5t some:]e1 & x is a fact t f\r l>ge riv]s1 answ]+ to ! outl9es ( ! g5]al description ( ,moses1 d fl[ f f\nta9-heads n m ?an ?irty or =ty miles ap>t1 9 ! c5tral & mo/ elevat$ region ( ,arm5ia4 ,^! /reams me&] ?r\gh ! same c\ntries describ$ by him1 & exhibit ! same m9]al productions3 nor w\ld x be any ?+ rem>kable1 if inve/igation %\ld yet prove t !y 7 all indebt$ to "o & ! same s\rce4 ,let u consid] !n1 :e!r x 0 n a fact t ! g>d5 ( ,ed5 0 n conf9$ to a little plat ( gr\nd1 b includ$ a :ole di/rict ( c\ntry1 embrac+ ! visible s\rces ( ! riv]s nam$3 a di/rict ( c\ntry1 f ! mildness ( its climate1 fruitfulness1 & o!r causes ( pleasure & delight1 exce$+ly well adapt$ to ! e>ly resid5ce ( man4 ,we h !re=e no well f\nd$ reason to believe t ! acc\nt giv5 by ,moses ( ! g>d5 ( ,ed5 0 a fiction1 indep5d5t ( ,div9e au?ority4 ,b 8 acc\nt mu/ be und]/ood s z to be consi/5t ) itself1 & ) ! facts n[ exi/+ ( :i* x speaks4 ,we are n "u ! necessity ( suppos+ t ! felicity ( our fir/ p>5ts 0 conf9$ to ! locality nam$3 a p>adise 0 to !m any:]e4 ,x 0 _! innoc5ce1 n ! location1 t made x s2 & ?us !y 7 driv5 out ( p>adise1 p]haps1 )\t a *ange ( location4 ,! use ( ! ^w eb$ 1 9 ii4 #ae ( ,g5esis1 might !n well be ( ! same =e%ad[+ import z 9 ! fir/ in/ance ( its use1 ev5 be=e ! creation ( man4 ,=1 :o mu/ n conclude1 :5 man 0 fir/ plac$ 9 p>adise1 t ,god did n z cle>ly see 8 apo/asy !n1 z n[8 ,by 8 wisdom1 p[]1 & m]cy1 all nature 0 ready-prep>$ = ! *ange1 & poor fall5 man1 )\t *ange ( habitation1 f\nd t habitation no long] heav51 & comm5c$ 8 fir/ act ( slav]y by ! va9 attempt to hide himself f ,god & 8 own contempt4 ,& "h1 let u rem>k1 we f9d ! true comm5cem5t ( slav]y4 8,& ,jesus answ]$ !m1 ,v]ily1 v]ily1 ,i say unto y1 :osoev] committe? s9 is ! s]vant 71 slave7 ( s940 ,john viii4 #cd4 ,=ce1 disease1 ru91 & dea? 7 n[ introduc$ to man4 ,=1 8,a4 s]vant 7 slave7 w n be correct$ by words40 ,prov4 xxix4 #ai4 ,god _h m]cifully contriv$ t he %\ld be =c$ to action4 8,he t tille? 7 slave?7 ( bread2 b he t foll[e? aft] va9 p]sons %all h pov]ty en\gh40 ,prov4 xxviii4 #ai4 ,:5 ,god made 8e plant ( ! field be=e x 0 9 ! e>?1 & e h]b ( ! field be=e x grew10 =esee+ ! apo/asy ( man--its poison\s effect ^u 8 moral & physical condition--its direct influ5ce to produce imm$iate ru9 & dea?1 he also provid$1 orda9$1 & decre$ a relation1 a law betwe5 man & 8 m5tal & physical wants1 :i* mu/ cleave unto him1 ^u 8 apo/asy1 & be ( ! utmo/ value & efficacy 9 alleviat+1 remov+1 & prev5t+ ! f9al evils incid5t to 8 poison$ condition4 ,?is relation1 law1 in/itution1 0 ! eb$u?1 ! in/itution ( slav]y1 z express$ 9 ,ezra ix4 #h1 #i3 8,& give u a little reviv+ 9 our bondage 7 eb$u!nu1 slav]y74 ,= we 7 bond-m5 7 ab$im1 slaves71 & yet our ,god ha? n =sak5 u 9 our bondage10 4 ,s 9 #b ,*ron4 xii4 #h3 8,nev]!less1 ye %all be 8 s]vants 7 le-ob$im1 8 slaves71 t !y may "k my s]vice 7 slav]y71 & ! s]vice 7 & ! slav]y7 ( ! k+doms ( ! c\ntries40 ,s 9 ,e/h] vii4 #d3 8,= we are sold1 ,i & my p1 to be de/roy$1 to be sla91 & to p]i%4 ,b if we _h be5 sold = bond-m5 7 7 & bond-wom51 ,i _h held my tongue40 ------------------ ,,lesson ,x4 ,t[>ds ! close ( ! book ( ,deut]onomy1 ,moses1 hav+ deliv]$ to ! *ildr5 ( ,israel su* ( ! laws ( ! ,almighty z 7 !n deem$ necess>y = _! gov]nm5t & guidance1 proce$s to in=m !m ( ! consequ5ces ( disob$i5ce2 & boldly in=ms !m1 xxviii4 #ae1 8,b1 if x %all come to pass if ?\ wilt n he>k5 unto ! voice ( ! ,"l ?y ,god1 to obs]ve & to d all 8 comm&m5ts1 & 8 /atutes :i* ,i comm& !e ?is day1 t all ^! curses %all come ^u !e & ov]take !e4 #af3 ,curs$ %alt ?\ be 9 ! city1 & curs$ %alt ?\ be 9 ! field4 #ag3 ,curs$ %all be ?y basket & ?y /ore4 #ah3 ,curs$ %all be ! fruit ( ?y body & ! fruit ( ?y l&1 ! increase ( ?y k9e1 & ! flocks ( ?y %eep4 #ai3 ,curs$ %alt ?\ be :5 ?\ come/ 91 & curs$ %alt ?\ be :5 ?\ goe/ out4 #bj3 ,! ,"l %all s5d ^u !e curs+1 vexation1 & rebuke1 9 all ?\ sette/ ?y h& unto = to d1 until ?\ be de/roy$1 & until ?\ p]i% quickly1 because ( ! wick$ness ( ?y do+s :]eby ?\ ha/ =sak5 me40 8,& ! ,"l %all br+ !e into ,egypt aga9 ) %ips1 by ! way :]e( ,i spake unto !e4 ,?\ %alt see x no m aga91 & !re ye %all be sold unto y\r enemies = bond-m5 77 = slaves71 & bond-wom51 & no man %all buy y40 ,!y %\ld be s trifl+ & wor?less t no "o w\ld wi% to buy !m4 ,jo%4 ix4 #bc-bg3 8,n[1 !re=e1 ye are curs$1 & !re %all none ( y be fre$ f be+ bond-m5 7 slaves71 & hew]s ( wood & draw]s ( wat]10 c4 8,& ,jo%ua made !m t day hew]s ( wood & draw]s ( wat]1 = ! congregation1 & = ! alt> ( ! ,"l1 ev5 unto ?is day40 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xi4 ,be=e clos+ ?is subject we (f] a few m examples ( ! ,hebrew use ( ?is ^w4 8,:o is ,david8 & :o is ! son ( ,jesse8 ,!re be _m s]vants 7 slaves7 n[-a-days t break away e man f 8 ma/]40 #a ,sam4 xxv4 #aj4 ,nabal pret5d$ 9 8 drunk5ness1 t he might be a runaway slave4 #a ,k+s ii4 #bi1 #dj3 8,& x came to pass at ! end ( ?ree ye>s1 t two ( ! s]vants 7eb$im1 slaves7 ( ,%imei ran away unto ,a*i%1 son ( ,maa*ah k+ ( ,ga?2 & !y told ,%imei1 say+1 ,behold ?y s]vants 7 slaves7 be 9 ,ga?4 ,& ,%imei arose & saddl$ 8 ass1 & w5t to ,ga? to ,a*i% to seek 8 s]vants 7 slaves71 & ,%imei w5t & br\ght 8 s]vants 7 slaves7 f ,ga?40 #a ,k+s ix4 #bj1 #ba1 & #bb3 8,& all ! p t 7 left ( ! ,amorites1 ,hittites1 ,p]izzites1 ,hivites1 & ,jebuzites1 :i* 7 n ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 _! *ildr5 t 7 left aft] !m 9 ! l&1 :om ! *ildr5 ( ,israel also 7 n able utt]ly to de/roy1 ^u ^! did ,solomon levy a tribute ( bond-s]vice 7 ob$1 slav]y7 unto ?is day4 ,b ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel did ,solomon make no bond-m510 7 eb$1 slaves47 #b ,*ron4 viii4 #i3 8,b ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel did ,solomon make no s]vants 7 la eb$im1 no slaves7 = 8 "w1 7 8 works1 lab\rs47 ,b !y 7 m5 ( w>1 & *ief ( 8 capta9s1 & capta9s ( 8 *>iots & horsem540 #b ,k+s iv4 #a3 8,n[ !re cri$ a c]ta9 woman ( ! wives ( ! sons ( ! prophets unto ,eli%a1 say+1 ,?y s]vant1 my husb&1 is dead1 & ?\ kn[e/ t ?y s]vant did fe> ! ,"l1 & ! cr$itor is come to take unto him my two sons to be bond-m510 7 la eb$im1 = slaves47 ,9 #a ,*ron4 xxvii4 #bf1 ?is ^w is us$ 9 a s5se q analog\s to slave-lab\r1 ?us3 8,& ov] !m t did ! "w 7meleke?1 i4e4 ! p>ticul> "w or lab\r7 ( ! field = tillage 7 slave-lab\r7 ( ! gr\nd1 0 ,ezra1 ! son ( ,*elub40 ,job i4 #b1 #c3 8,& !re 7 born unto him sev5 sons & ?ree daught]s4 ,8 sub/ance also 0 sev5 ?\s& %eep1 & ?ree ?\s& camels1 & five ?\s& yoke ( ox51 & five hundr$ %e-asses1 & a v great h\sehold40 ,! ^w 8h\sehold0 is "h translat$ f a body ( slaves1 i4 e4 a l>ge family ( slaves4 ,job iii4 #ai3 8,! small & ! great are !re1 & ! s]vant 7 ve eb$1 ma/]40 ,job xxxi4 #ac3 8,if ,i did despise 7 misjudge7 ! cause ( my man-s]vant10 7 my slave47 ,job xxxix4 #i3 8,w ! unicorn be will+ to s]ve !e80 7 be a slave to !e47 ,ps4 cxvi4 #af3 8,o ,"l1 truly ,i am ?y s]vant 7 ob$eka1 slave72 ,i am ?y s]vant 7 slave71 & ! son ( ?y h&-maid 7 ama!ka1 female slave73 ?\ ha/ loos$ my bonds40 ,x is a little rem>kable h[ simil> is ?is s5tim5t ( ,david to "o express$ by ,/4 ,paul4 ,prov4 xii4 #i3 8,he t is despis$ & ha? a s]vant 7 eb$1 slave7 is bett] ?an he t hon\re? himself & lacke? bread40 ,prov4 xvii4 #b3 8,a wise s]vant 7 eb$1 slave71 %all rule ov] a son t cause? %ame1 & %all h "p ( ! inh]itance among ! bre?r540 ,prov4 xxx4 #ba1 #bb1 #bc3 8,= ?ree ?+s is ! e>? disquiet$1 & = f\r :i* x _c be>3 ,= a s]vant 7 eb$1 slave7 :5 he reigne? 7 imlok71 & a fool :5 he is fill$ ) meat4 ,= an odi\s woman :5 %e is m>ri$1 & a h&-maid 7 female slave7 t is heir to h] mi/ress40 ,eccl4 ii4 #g4 8,i got me 7 kani?i1 ,i pur*as$7 s]vants 7 male slaves7 & maid5s 7 female slaves71 & _h s]vants born 9 my h\se40 ,eccl4 vii4 #ba3 8,also take no he$ unto all words t are spok51 le/ ?\ he> ?y s]vant 7 slave7 curse !e40 ,j]4 ii4 #ad3 8,is ,israel a s]vant 7 slave78 is he a home-born slave8 :y is he spoil$80 ,9 ! latt] "p ( ?is quotation1 ! ^w eb$ is n express$ 9 ,hebrew1 b und]/ood1 z is (t5 ! case 9 ,engli%3 yet ,k+ ,james's translators did n hesitate to supply x 9 ,engli% ) ! ^w slave1 giv+ indisputable pro( ( :at !y und]/ood ! ^w eb$ to mean1 & also1 t !y us$ ! ,engli% ^w s]vant z a synonyme ( ! ^w slave4 ,! omission to express ! ^w eb$ 9 ,hebrew1 9 ?is in/ance1 has ! effect to make ! idea convey$ by ! prophet m emphatic2 & h5ce ! translators seem to h felt ! necessity ( us+ ! mo/ =cible synonyme1 9 ord] t !y might truly & beyond d\bt convey ! full import ( ! prophet's mean+4 ,mal4 i4 #f3 8,a son hon\re? 8 fa!r1 & a s]vant 7 slave7 8 ma/]40 ,?is passage is a connect+ l9k 9 a *a9 ( reason+1 & ! prophet cont9ues ?us3 8,if !n ,i be a fa!r1 :]e is my hon\r8 ,if ,i be a ma/]1 :]e is my fe>8 sai? ! ,"l ( ho/s unto y1 ,o prie/s t despise my "n4 ,& ye say1 ,:]e9 h we despis$ ?y "n80 ,z ?\gh !y 7 a/oni%$ at ! accusation6 ,& ?is is ! answ]--#g3 8,ye (f] pollut$ bread ^u m9e alt>40 ,a figure1 to %[ t !y _h become :olly disob$i5t1 & held 9 disreg>d ! law ( ,god4 ,by _! disob$i5ce1 !y 7 deg5]at+ f ! condition ( ! son to t ( ! eb$4 ,in/ead ( be+ influ5c$ by love1 !y 7 ab\t to be op]at$ ^u by fe>1 & h5ce ! prophet cont9ues1 ii4 #a3 8,& n[1 ,o ye prie/s1 ?is comm&m5t is = y4 ,if ye w n he>1 & if ye w n lay x to he>t1 to give glory unto my "n1 sai? ! ,"l ( ho/s1 ,i w ev5 s5d a curse ^u y1 & ,i w curse y\r bless+s1 yea1 ,i h curs$ !m already1 because ye d n lay x to he>t4 #c3 ,behold1 ,i w corrupt y\r se$1 & spread dung ^u y\r faces40 ,he w\ld curse !m ) ! hateful curse ( ,ca94 ,& we beg to notice ?is scriptural glanc+ at ! doctr9e t a c\rse ( s9 does produce "s *ange ^u ! physical man1--"s *ange ( c\nt5ance1 :i* is cont9u$1 deg5]at+ & det]iorat+ ! succe$+ g5]ations1--& ask1 is n su* a doctr9e allud$ to 9 ,ezek4 xviii4 #b1 8,! fa!rs h eat5 s\r grapes1 & ! *ildr5's tee? are set on edge40 ,&1 aga91 9 ,ps4 lviii4 #b1 #c3 8,! wick$ are e/rang$ f ! womb3 !y g a/ray z soon z !y are born1 speak+ lies4 ,_! poison is l ! poison ( a s]p5t40 ,aga91 9 ,j]4 vii4 #ai3 8,d !y provoke me to ang]8 sai? ! ,"l4 ,d !y n provoke !mselves to ! confusion ( _! own faces80 ,&1 9 ,isa4 iii4 #i3 8,! %[ ( _! c\nt5ance do? witness aga9/ !m1 & !y decl>e _! s9 z ,sodom4 ,!y hide x n4 ,wo unto _! s\l6 = !y h rew>d$ evil unto !mselves40 ,j]4 xiii4 #bb3 8,if ?\ say 9 ?y he>t1 :]e=e h ^! ?+s come ^u me8 = ! greatness ( ?9e iniquities are ?y skirts discov]$ & ?y heels made b>e40 ,& ii4 #bb3 8,= ?\gh ?\ wa% !e ) nitre1 & take !e mu* soap1 yet ?9e iniquity is m>k$ be=e me1 sai? ! ,"l ,god40 ,we w n ent] into ! exam9ation ( ?is doctr9e at pres5t1 b ha/5 to close our view ( ! ,hebrew use ( ! ^w eb$4 ,9 ,joel iii4 #b 7ii4 #bi? ( ! ,engli% text7 is ?is rem>kable passage3 8,& also ^u ! s]vants 7 ha eb$im1 ! male slaves7 & ^u ! h&-maids 7 ha%%ephaho?1 ! female slaves7 9 ^? days w ,i p\r out my ,_s40 ,?is passage 0 translat$ at ,j]usalem by ,/4 ,pet]1 into ,greek4 ,see ,acts ii4 #ah3 8,& on my s]vants1 & on my h&-maids 7 71 w ,i p\r out 9 ^? days my ,_s10--us+ ^? ,greek words t mo/ unconditionally mean a slave1 & %[+ z effectually z language c %[1 & prov+ z di/9ctly z language c prove1 t ,/4 ,pet] well und]/ood ^! words ( ,joel to mean male & female slaves4 ,he translates ! passage1 ref]r+ to x1 & quot+ x4 ,!re c h be5 no mi/ake4 ,besides1 ! passage is r5d]$ def9ite by its p>ticul>ity2 = ! prec$+ s5t5ce av]s t 8 ,_s %\ld be p\r$ out 8^u all fle%10 & goes on to p>ticul>ize1 8y\r sons0 & 8daught]s10 8y\r old m510 8y\r "y m510 & !n 9 ?is passage includes ! slaves1 ?us expla9+ :om he means by 8all fle%40 ,x 0 on ! day ( ,p5teco/1 :5 ! disciples ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 87 all ) "o accord 9 "o place1 & sudd5ly !re came a s\nd f heav5 z ( a ru%+ mighty w9d1 & x fill$ all ! h\se :]e !y 7 sitt+2 & !re appe>$ ^u !m clov5 tongues l z ( fire1 & x sat ^u ea* ( !m1 & !y 7 all fill$ ) ! ,holy ,gho/40 ,acts ii4 #a1 #b1 #c4 ,su* 7 ! circum/ances "u :i* ?is translation 0 made--j aft] ! dea? ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,circum/ances m solemn1 m impos+1 m awful to ! human m9d _c well be conceiv$4 ,9 ! imm$iate pres5ce ( ,god ! ,fa!r1 & ! ,holy ,gho/ op]at+ ^u ! m9d ( ,/4 ,pet]66 ,%\ld any "o1 timor\s1 decl9e to believe m51 or mortals1 p]mit u1 9 ! "n ( t ,jehovah ^: "w we all are1 to call _! reflection on :at may be ! nature ( t s9 :i* contemns1 d5ies1 or treats z untru? ! v language ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ------------------ ,,lesson ,,xii4 ,! ,hebrew n\n eb$ belongs to ! decl5sion ( factiti\s1 euphonic segholate n\ns ( two syllables1 ) ! tone on ! p5ult & a furtive v[el on ! f9al3 ,s+ul> absolute4 ,con/ruct /ate4 or ,) light suffix4 ,grave suffix4 ,plural absolute4 ,con/ruct /ate4 ,) light suffix4 ,grave suffix4#a ----- ,footnote #a3 ,t]m$ grave1 because !y always h ! tone acc5t4 ----- ,decl9$ ) ! p]sonal pron\n1 ?us3 ,absolute s+ul>1 a slave4 ,suff4 #a4 my slave4 #b4 m4 ?y slave4 #b4 f4 ?y slave4 #c4 m4 8 slave4 #c4 f4 h] slave4 #a4 7plur47 our slave4 #b4 m4 y\r slave4 #b4 f4 y\r slave4 #c4 m4 _! slave4 #c4 f4 _! slave4 ,absolute plural1 slaves4 ,suff4 #a4 my slaves4 #b4 m4 ?y slaves4 #b4 f4 ?y slaves4 #c4 m4 8 slaves4 #c4 f4 h] slaves4 #a4 7plur47 our slaves4 #b4 m4 y\r slaves4 #b4 f4 y\r slaves4 #c4 m4 _! slaves4 #c4 f4 _! slaves4 ,prefix$ by a preposition1 x w /& ?us3 91 at1 )1 c4 a slave2 or ) ?us1 to1 at1 91 t[>ds1 till1 until1 c4 a slave2 or1 :5 ! ^w is us$ z a v]b1 x w /& 9 place ( our inf9itive mood1 ?us1 to slave1 z 9 ,num4 iv4 #dg4 ,s ?is ^w or any =m ( x may be prefix$ by z a contraction ( 1 a preposition ( v>i\s mean+s or applications1 z f1 ap>t f1 (1 out (1 by1 c4 c42 & s x may be prefix$ by any ( ! lett]s =m+ ! ^w heemanti1 ea* prefix$ lett] giv+ to ! root ^w "s %ade ( mean+1 emphasis1 or adjective quality4 ,s1 also1 x may be prefix$ by 1 us$ bo? z a preposition1 & z a conjunction1 ?us1 z1 s1 accord+ to1 aft]1 ab\t1 ne>ly1 almo/1 c4 c4 a slave4 ,hebrew n\ns may also be prefix$ by p>ticles ( old obsolete words1 v>y+ _! =m1 & exce$+ly s _! phonetic repres5tation2 z = example1 ,%elomah 0 ! son & successor ( ,k+ ,david4 ,n[ 1 z ! p>ticle ( "s anci5t ^w1 & foll[$ by 1 becomes ! sign ( ! possessive case2 b :5 ! ^w beg9s ) ^! two lett]s1 !y !n w be duplicat$1 z 9 ,canticles iii4 #g1 mitta?o %elli%lomoh1 ,solomon's b$1 c4 ,prepositions1 sometimes two or m1 are1 or seem to be1 comp\nd$1 yet us$ 9 ! s5se ( ! la/ 9 ! comp\nd1 ?us3 & us$ ?us1 = 1 or = 1 c4 c4 ,! n\n eb$ may also be prefix$ by a conjunction1 ?us1 & a slave1 c4 c4 ,x may also (t5 be comp\nd$ ) o!r n\ns4 ,?us1 ! slave ( ,god4 ,9 ?is mann] ! composition ( significant t]ms1 & _! conv]sion into prop] names1 is unlimit$3 ?us1 ! judgm5t1 or gov]nm5t ( a slave1 & made ! "n ( a city4 ,see ,jo%4 ii4 #cj2 also #a ,*ron4 i4 #ei1 ! #gd? ( ! ,engli% text2 & h5ce ! ^w abaddon has be5 us$ by "s to signify a place ( puni%m5t4 ,we c give b a m]e sket* ( ! grammatical =mations & v>iations ( ! ^w eb$2 aw>e t ev5 su* sket*1 c be consid]$ ( value only by a few1 we refra9 f ev5 a glimpse ( its phonetic v>iations & peculi>ities1 deem+ !m only int]e/+ to ! advanc$ & m critical ( ! pr(ici5ts 9 ! language2 b we _c refra9 f giv+ a sket* ( its decl5sion z a v]b1 = ! b5efit ( ! ,greek & ,roman s*ol>4 ,conjugation ( ! ^w z a v]b1 to slave1 c4 ,,9 ,,kal4 ,praet4 #c4 p4 m4 #c4 f4 #b4 m4 #c4 7plur47 #b4 m4 ,inf9itive absolute1 ,con/ruct /ate1 ,future1 #c4 m4 #b4 m4 #c4 7plur47 #c4 f4 ,imp]ative1 #b4 p4 m4 #b4 f4 ,p>ticiple1 act4 pass4 ,,niphal4 ,praet4 #c4 m4 #b4 m4 ,inf9itive1 ,future1 ,imp]ative1 ,p>ticiple1 ,,piel1 7poel1 polel47 ,praet4 ,inf9itive1 ,future1 ,p>ticiple1 ,,pual1 7poal1 polal47 ,praet4 ,inf9itive1 ,future1 ,p>ticiple1 ,,hiphil4 ,praet4 #b4 m4 ,inf9itive1 ,future1 ,p>ticiple1 ,,hophal4 ,praet4 ,inf9itive1 ,future1 ,p>ticiple1 ,,hi?pael4 ,praet4 ,inf9itive1 ,future1 ,p>ticiple1 ,! unusual conjugations sometimes f\nd 9 ! =m ( "s ,hebrew words1 ho?paal1 pilel1 pulal1 hi?palel1 & ! ,arabic iq-talla1 pealal1 pilpel1 & ! ,arama5 tiphel1 & ! ,syriac %aphel1 are n kn[n to ! writ] to h an example 9 ! ,hebrew ,scriptures 9 ! ^w 1 & are !re=e n exemplifi$4 ,p>adigm ( ! v]b to slave1 z a #a4 guttural 9 ,,kal4 ,praet]1 s+ul>1 #c4 m4 #c4 f4 #b4 m4 #b4 f4 #a4 com4 ,plural1 #c4 com4 #b4 m4 #b4 f4 #a4 com4 ,inf9itive absolute1 ,inf9itive con/ruct1 ,imp]ative1 s+ul>1 m4 f4 ,plural1 m4 f4 ,pres5t1 s+ul>1 #c4 m4 #c4 f4 #b4 m4 #b4 f4 #a4 com4 ,plural1 #c4 m4 #c4 f4 #b4 m4 #b4 f4 #a4 com4 ,pres4 apocope1 ,p>ticiple1 active1 passive1 ,p>adigm ( ! v]b to slave1 z a #a4 guttural 9 ,,niphal4 ,praet]1 s+ul>1 #c4 m4 #c4 f4 #b4 m4 #b4 f4 #a4 com4 ,plural1 #c4 com4 #b4 m4 #b4 f4 #a4 com4 ,inf9itive1 ,imp]ative1 s+ul>1 m4 f4 ,plural1 m4 f4 ,pres5t1 s+ul>1 #c4 m4 #c4 f4 #b4 m4 #b4 f4 #a4 com4 ,plural1 #c4 m4 #c4 f4 #b4 m4 #b4 f4 #a4 com4 ,p>ticiple1 ,p>adigm ( ! v]b to slave1 z a #a4 guttural 9 ,,pihel or piel1 7poel1 polel47 ,praet]1 s+ul>1 #c4 m4 #c4 f4 #b4 m4 #b4 f4 #a4 com4 ,plural1 #c4 com4 #b4 m4 #b4 f4 #a4 com4 ,inf9itive1 ,imp]ative1 s+ul>1 m4 f4 ,plural1 m4 f4 ,pres5t1 s+ul>1 #c4 m4 #c4 f4 #b4 m4 #b4 f4 #a4 com4 ,plural1 #c4 m4 #c4 f4 #b4 m4 #b4 f4 #a4 com4 ,p>ticiple1 ,p>adigm ( ! v]b to slave1 z a #a4 guttural 9 ,,puhal1 7pual1 poal1 polal47 ,praet]1 s+ul>1 #c4 m4 #c4 f4 #b4 m4 #b4 f4 #a4 com4 ,plural1 #c4 com4 #b4 m4 #b4 f4 #a4 com4 ,inf9itive1 ,pres5t1 s+ul>1 #c4 m4 #c4 f4 #b4 m4 #b4 f4 #a4 com4 ,plural1 #c4 m4 #c4 f4 #b4 m4 #b4 f4 #a4 com4 ,p>ticiple1 ,p>adigm ( ! v]b to slave1 z a #a4 guttural 9 ,,hiphil4 ,praet]1 s+ul>1 #c4 m4 #c4 f4 #b4 m4 #b4 f4 #a4 com4 ,plural1 #c4 com4 #b4 m4 #b4 f4 #a4 com4 ,inf9itive1 ,imp]ative1 s+ul>1 m4 f4 ,plural1 m4 f4 ,pres5t1 s+ul>1 #c4 m4 #c4 f4 #b4 m4 #b4 f4 #a4 com4 ,plural1 #c4 m4 #c4 f4 #b4 m4 #b4 f4 #a4 com4 ,pres4 apocope1 ,p>ticiple1 ,p>adigm ( ! v]b to slave1 z a #a4 guttural 9 ,,hophal4 ,praet]1 s+ul>1 #c4 m4 #c4 f4 #b4 m4 #b4 f4 #a4 com4 ,plural1 #c4 com4 #b4 m4 #b4 f4 #a4 com4 ,inf9itive1 ,pres5t1 s+ul>1 #c4 m4 #c4 f4 #b4 m4 #b4 f4 #a4 com4 ,plural1 #c4 m4 #c4 f4 #b4 m4 #b4 f4 #a4 com4 ,p>ticiple1 ,p>adigm ( ! v]b to slave1 z a #a4 guttural 9 ,,hi?pael4 ,praet]1 s+ul>1 #c4 m4 #c4 f4 #b4 m4 #b4 f4 #a4 com4 ,plural1 #c4 com4 #b4 m4 #b4 f4 #a4 com4 ,inf9itive1 ,imp]ative1 s+ul>1 m4 f4 ,plural1 m4 f4 ,pres5t1 s+ul>1 #c4 m4 #c4 f4 #b4 m4 #b4 f4 #a4 com4 ,pres5t1 plural1 #c4 m4 #c4 f4 #b4 m4 #b4 f4 #a4 com4 ,p>ticiple1 ,9 close1 x may be rem>k$ t !re is p]haps no ,hebrew v]b f\nd 9 all ! =ms ( conjugation 9 ! ,holy ,books4 ,,! ,,end4 ----------------------- ,transcrib]'s ,note ,errors :i* are readily attribut$ to pr9t]'s lapses h be5 correct$1 z not$ bel[4 ,!re are a numb] ( lapses 9 ! punctuation ( quot$ matt]1 :i* h be5 rectifi$ z describ$ 9 ! table bel[4 ,spell+ has be5 reta9$1 except :]e ! pr9t] seems mo/ likely to be at fault4 ,greek words are sometimes giv5 )\t diacritical m>ks includ+ 9 quot$ passages1 or ! m>ks are incorrect1 bas$ ^u :at we n[ h = ! ,greek s\rces4 ,! ,greek is giv5 "h z pr9t$4 ,! ,greek #8ou' ligature is repres5t$ "h us+ ! ,lat9 v]sion #8'4 ,likewise1 ! typesett+ ( ,hebrew is problematic 9 _m places1 p>ticul>ly ) ! use ( cantillation m>ks 7tropes74 ,9 mo/ cases1 cantillation = s+le words or phrases are moot1 b ! au?or frequ5tly includes !m1 n always accurately4 ,:]e mod]n fonts are unable to repres5t ! pr9t$ *>act]s1 or :]e ! typesett+ 0 faulty1 ! text w foll[ ! curr5tly accept$ =ms4 ,v[el m>ks are sometimes omitt$ 9 ! orig9al1 & are giv5 "h z pr9t$4 span class'htmlonly',! comb9ation hataf-patah is frequ5tly rev]s$1 & has be5 correct$ ev]y:]e ) no fur!r notice4 ,likewise1 ! pr9t] seems to h frequ5tly confus$ ! trope m]kha ) ! v[el po9t meteg1 i4e4 = 4 ,! /&>d ,hebrew has be5 foll[$ "h1 z not$ bel[4_/span span class'epubonly',9 ?is v]sion1 bidirectional text _c be reliably r5d]$4 ,! au?or provid$ a translit]ation ( mo/ ( ! ,hebrew words & phrases2 h[ev] a sep>ate translit]ation has be5 includ$ "h bas$ on ! s*eme provid$ by ! ,society ( ,biblical ,lit]ature4 ,^! appe> 9 bold z yrt4 ,^! translit]ations necess>ily lose ! cantillation m>ks4 7,! same has be5 done = ! ,arabic & ,syriac words1 :i* are also pr9t$ "r-to-left47_/span ,on p4 #dfa1 ! ,hebrew ^w requires ! vav z pr9t$ be a %uruk 77 to be read z a v[el ''4 ,! "* 0 pr9t$ )\t ! dot1 & is correct$ "h4 ,arabic1 ,coptic1 & ,syriac scripts are r5d]$ us+ ! available ,unicode *>act]s4 ,! script us$ by ! au?or frequ5tly c\ld n be confirm$ to mat* ei!r ! /at$ translations or ! translit]ations he provid$4 ,! ,syriac script seems to be ! s-call$ ,we/]n script4 ,! ,unicode *>act]s foll[ ! ,e/rangela1 :i* 0 mo/ widely us$4 ,_m ( ! ,arabic words 7 ei!r unrecognizable1 did n mat* ! translit]ations giv5 by ! au?or1 or bo?4 ,be/ guesses ( ! au?or's int5t are provid$ 9 ! text4 ,on p4 #cij1 ! ,arabic ^w :i* appe>s to be il arabicmetsuad#cij4;jpg_/1 seems incorrect4 ,! mo/ likely ^w is 1 :i* has ! mean+ giv5 by ! au?or4 ,?is has be5 sub/itut$4 ,on p4 #eib1 ! maqqef 77 9 is misplac$4 ,! ^w1 f #a4 ,samuel i4 #af1 %\ld be 1 & has be5 correct$4 ,on p4 #fbj1 ! ,arabic does n exi/2 ! au?or may h int5d$ ei!r :i* means ,ed5 or 1 :i* means languor1 s(tness1 limpness4 etc4 ,! =m] 0 us$ "h4 ,problematic cases ) ! orig9al images & _! replication "h1 are giv5 bel[3 ,on p4 #ie1 ! quot$ phrase f ,ephesians #f3e1 #8,& ye ma/]s1 d ! same ?+s unto !m2'1 is miss+ ! clos+ s+le quotation m>k4 ,! words :i* foll[ ! semicolon seem to be a p>aphrase4 ,! punctuation has be5 add$4 ,on p4 #ada1 ! p>agraph beg9n+ #8,9 ,judg4 iii4 #g1 #h1 we h z foll[s3' has an unclos$ d\ble quotation4 ,x is n cle> :]e ! citation ends1 & ! text has be5 giv5 "h z pr9t$4 ,on p4 #dhf1 ! citation ( ,j]emiah li4 #ee is mispr9t$ z v]se #ae4 ,imm$iately foll[+1 ! fir/ ( two citations ( ,isaiah li4 #ac %\ld h be5 to v]se #ae4 ,^! h be5 correct$4 ,! second ref]5ce to v]se #ac is correct4 ,9 ,lesson ,,iv ( ,/udy ,,vii 7pp4 #eaf-ecf71 ! punctuation ( ! extracts is inconsi/5t1 &1 ) j a few exceptions not$ bel[1 has be5 reta9$ z pr9t$4 ,on p4 #fcj1 ! ,praet4 #b m4 conjugation ( is pr9t$ z 1 :i* is an invalid comb9ation ( v[el m>ks on ! lead+ ay94 ,ei!r or w\ld be valid4 p4 #aj ,acorimus sic4 ,acosimus 7p4 #ccb74 p4 #af legislator ,add$4 p4 #aag & heal 8 s]vant 71 ,add$4 slave470 8,& he call$ 8 t5 s]vants ,add$4 71 slaves710 c4 ,ye %all be made free80 ,add$4 p4 #aai commom_/nweal? ,correct$4 p4 #abb com_/n=mity ,correct$4 p4 #abe 8,& :5 ! h& ( ?y ,god ,op5+ quote add$4 p4 #acj 8,=10 says ,olybius ,miss+ quotation m>k add$4 p4 #aca multitiutudes ,remov$4 p4 #ada ! h& ( ,*usan ,ri%a?aim1 ,add$4 7 70 p4 #aea ( f\r of_/r five ye>s old ,correct$4 p4 #ahc prop]ty is an exclusive "r40 ,add$4 p4 #ahd to ! =m]40 ,add$4 p4 #bja 8,is_/t is ! great appo9t$ ,correct$4 trial p4 #bea 8,_! visage is black] ?an a ,correct$4 coal4'_/0 p4 #bfg %[s ! 8s5t5ce ,remov$4 p4 #cij %\ld be ,correct$4 p4 #dje 8! spiritual p[]10 ,add$4 p4 #dcf 8,he %\ld be a fugitive & a ,add$4 vagabond40 p4 #dcg become black4'_/0 ,correct$4 p4 #dci ,egyptai_/ians ,transpos$4 p4 #dea dic_/st9ct ,correct$4 p4 #def (f]$ infants & "y *ildr5 sic4 #8z' a sacrifice4 miss+8 p4 #dfe 7 ,mitsri?7 a ,remov$4 desc5dant ( ,misraim17 p4 #dge %\ld be ,correct$4 p4 #dhd congnisance ,remov$4 p4 #dhe /us sic4 /rus8 ca/us8 p4 #dhf li4 #ae_/ee 8,:5 h] waves d ro> ,correct$4 ,isa4 li4 #ac_/ae3 8,b ,i am ! ,correct$4 ,"l444 p4 #dhg ,j]4 xliv_/xlvi4 ,correct$4 p4 #ecj 8,su* ! slave's nature1 b ?is ,correct$4 fav\rs !e4'_/0 p4 #eic ,le_/am4iii4 #ac4 ,correct$4 p4 #eig sic4 ,words are rev]s$4 p4 #fjj ,ps4 lxxxi4 #gj3 8,i deliv]$ #8#j' remov$4 !e40 p4 #fjb %\ld be ,correct$4 p4 #faj %\ld be ,correct$4