,transcriber's ,note3 ,italic text is denoted by underscores and bold text by equal signs4 ,a caret 77 indicates a superscript character4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,,in-,,door ,,amusements4 ,,blind ,,man',s ,,buff4 ,,nine ,,pins4 ,,fireside ,,fun4 ,,whist4 ,,parlour ,,magic4 ,,cassell',s ,,book ,,of ,,in-,,door ,,amusements1 ,,card ,,games1 ,,and ,,fireside ,,fun4 ,with ,numerous ,illustrations4 ,,third ,,edition4 ,,cassell1 ,,petter1 ,,galpin ,,co43 ,,london1 ,,paris ,,new ,,york4 ,,all ,,rights ,,reserved4 ,,preface4 ,this ,work is a companion volume to ,,cassell',s ,,book ,,of ,,sports ,,and ,,pastimes4 ,as the latter--with the exception of the special sections on ,recreative ,science1 ,the ,workshop1 and ,home ,pets--is largely occupied with games and sports which are usually carried on out-of-doors1 it will be seen that the present book1 which is almost exclusively devoted to indoor games of various kinds1 forms a very fitting supplement to the other4 ,it has been the constant aim of the different writers to convey their information in plain1 accurate1 direct fashion1 so that readers may come to understand1 on the first occasion of consulting it1 that ,,cassell',s ,,book ,,of ,,indoor ,,amusements1 ,,card ,,games1 ,,and ,,fireside ,,fun is a ,work that deserves their confidence1 and may accordingly acquire the habit of referring to it1 as a matter of course1 when in doubt on any point connected with their favourite games1 or when desirous of learning new amusements4 ,reference has now and again been unavoidably made to outdoor games1 either by way of comparison or suggestion for further details4 ,in such cases the reference always has been to the companion volume already mentioned1 so that readers possessing the two books will have no difficulty in following the instructions of the ,author4 ,in the section on ,parlour ,magic no trick has been described involving the use of apparatus in any degree elaborate4 ,the one or two tricks of a formidable character which are there fully explained have been selected--as the text1 in fact1 expressly states--to show young conjurers what can really be done with the help of long training and expensive appliances4 ,in conclusion1 the ,editor hopes that this work may be the means of introducing many a new game to the young folk for whom it has been his happiness to cater4 ,he will not tell them that all play and no work make ,jack a stupid boy1 because he has no doubt that his readers are just as fond of their lessons as they are of merry romps or quieter games4 ,,contents4 ,,round ,,or ,,parlour ,,games4 ,,page ,acting ,proverbs #i ,acting ,rhymes #i ,adjectives #aj ,adventurers1 ,the #aj sop's ,mission #aa ,alphabet ,games #aa ,artists' ,menagerie1 ,the #ab ,baby ,elephant1 ,the #ab ,bird-catcher1 ,the #ac ,blind man's ,buff #ac ,blind ,postman #ac ,blowing out the ,candle #ac ,bouts ,rims #ad ,brother1 ,i'm ,bobbed #ad ,buff says ',baff' #ad ,buff with the ,wand #ae ,capping ,verses #ae ,charades #ae ,clairvoyant #ag ,comic ,concert1 ,the #ah ,consequences #ah ,conveyances #ai ,crambo #ai ,cross ,questions and ,crooked ,answers #bj ,cupid is ,coming #bj ,cushion ,dance1 ,the #bj ,definitions #ba ,dumb ,crambo #ba ,dwarf #ba ,elements1 ,the #bb ,farmyard1 ,the #bb ,feather1 ,the #bb ,finding the ,ring #bb ,flying #bc ,forfeits #bc ,giant #bh ,giraffe1 ,the #bh ,grand ,mufti1 ,the #bh ,hands #bh ,he can do little who can't do this #bi ,hiss and ,clap #bi ,hot ,boiled ,beans #bi ,hot ,cockles #bi ,house ,furnishers #bi ,how do you like your ,neighbour8 #cj ,how1 ,when1 and ,where8 #cj ,hunt the ,ring #cj ,hunt the ,slipper #cj ,hunt the ,whistle #ca ,i ,apprenticed my ,son #ca ,i ,love my ,love #ca ,jack's ,alive #ca ,jolly ,miller1 ,the #cb ,judge and ,jury #cb ,magic ,answer1 ,the #cb ,magical ,music #cc ,magic ,hats1 ,the #cc ,magic ,wand1 ,the #cc ,the ,minister's ,cat #cd ,mixed-up ,poetry #cd ,musical ,chair #ce ,my ,master has sent me unto you #ce ,nouns and ,questions #ce ,object ,game1 ,the #ce ,old ,soldier1 ,the #cf ,oranges and ,lemons #cf ,original ,sketches #cg ,our ,old ,grannie doesn't like ,tea #cg ,pairs #cg ,person and ,object #cg ,pork-,butcher1 ,the #ch ,postman's ,knock #ch ,proverbs #ch ,quaker's ,meeting1 ,the #ch ,resting ,wand1 ,the #ci ,retsch's ,outlines #ci ,reviewers1 ,the #dj ,rhymes #dj ,rule of ,contrary #da ,russian ,gossip #da ,schoolmaster1 ,the #da ,shadow ,buff #da ,shouting ,proverbs #db ,simon says #db ,spanish ,merchant1 ,the #db ,spanish ,nobleman1 ,the #db ,spelling ,bee #dc ,spoon ,music #dc ,stage ,coach1 ,the #dd ,stool of ,repentance #dd ,tableaux ,vivants #de ,telescope ,giant1 ,the #df ,think of a ,number #df ,this and ,that #df ,throwing ,light #dg ,toilet #dg ,trades1 ,the #dh ,traveller's ,alphabet1 ,the #dh ,twenty ,questions #di ,two ,hats1 ,the #di ,what am ,i ,doing8 #di ,what is my ,thought like8 #di ,who was he8 #ej ,wild ,beast ,show1 ,the #ej ,yes or ,no8 #ej ,,toy ,,games ,,and ,,toy-,,making4 olian ,harp #eb ,animated ,serpent #eb ,annulette #ec ,apple ,mill #ec ,apple ,woman #ec ,bandilor #ed ,battledore and ,shuttlecock #ed ,bell and ,hammer #ed ,bird ,whistles #ed ,birds1 ,beasts1 and ,fishes #ed ,bombardment #ed ,bottle ,imps #ed ,brother ,jonathan #ee ,camera 7,miniature7 #ee ,cannonade #ee ,carpet ,croquet #ef ,castle ,bagatelle #ef ,common ,whistle #ef ,crack ,loo #ef ,cup and ,ball #ef ,cupolette #ef ,cut-water #eg ,dancing ,highlander #eg ,dancing ,pea #eg ,dart and ,target #eh ,dartelle #eh ,decimal ,game #eh ,demon ,bottle #eh ,drawing-room ,archery #ei ,dutch ,racquets #ei ,enfield ,skittles #ei ,flying ,cones #ei ,french and ,english #fj ,gas ,balloons #fj ,german ,balls #fj ,german ,billiards #fa ,hat ,measurement #fa ,homeward ,bound #fa ,hydraulic ,dancer #fa ,immovable ,card #fa ,indian ,skittle ,pool #fa ,jack-in-the-,box #fb ,japanese ,fan #fb ,jerk ,straws #fb ,le ,diable #fb ,magic ,fan #fb ,magic ,figure #fd ,magic ,flute #fd ,magician of ,morocco #fd ,magnetic ,swan #fe ,magnetic ,wand #fe ,magnifying ,pinhole #ff ,mechanical ,bucephalus #ff ,microscope 7,toy7 #ff ,mocking ,call #fg ,moorish ,fort #fg ,navette #fg ,nine pins #fh ,noughts and ,crosses #fh ,obedient ,soldier #fh ,palada #fh ,paper ,bellows #fi ,paper ,boat #fi ,paper ,boxes #gj ,paper ,chinese ,junk #gj ,paper ,dart #gb ,paper ,hat 7,pyramidal7 #gb ,paper ,parachute #gb ,paper ,purses #gc ,parlour ,bowls #gd ,parlour ,croquet #gd ,parlour ,quoits #gd ,patchesi2 or1 ,homeward ,bound #ge ,pegasus in ,flight #ge ,pith ,dancer #gf ,prancing ,horse #gf ,prophet #gf ,puff and ,dart #gg ,push ,pin #gh ,puzzle-wit #gh ,quintain #gh ,quiz #gh ,race ,game #gh ,racquets 7,drawing-,room7 #gi ,revolving ,ring #gi ,ringolette #hj ,ring the ,bull #hj ,royal ,star #hj ,schimmel #ha ,shovel ,board #hb ,skittle ,cannonade #hc ,slate ,games #hd ,spillikins or ,spelicans #he ,squails #hf ,squeaker #hf ,steady ,tar #hg ,summer ,ice #hg ,sybil #hg ,table ,croquet #hg ,targetta #hg ,teetotum #hh ,tit-tat-to #hh ,tournament #hh ,trails #hh ,trouble ,wit #hh ,wonderful ,trumpet #hh ,,mechanical ,,puzzles4 ,balanced ,pail1 ,the #ij ,balanced ,stick1 ,the #ij ,bridge of ,knives1 ,the #ia ,square and ,circle ,puzzle1 ,the #ia ,carpenter's ,puzzle1 ,the #ia ,divided ,farm1 ,the #ib ,vertical ,line ,puzzle1 ,the #ib ,string and ,balls ,puzzle1 ,the #ib ,puzzling ,rings1 ,the #ic ,balls and ,rings ,puzzle1 ,the #ic ,staff ,puzzle1 ,the #id ,victoria ,puzzle1 ,the #id ,artillery ,puzzle1 ,the #id ,six ,rows ,puzzle1 ,the #id ,six-,square ,puzzle1 ,the #id ,magic ,octagon1 ,the #id ,accommodating ,square1 ,the #id ,magic ,cross1 ,the #ie ,to ,take a ,man's ,waistcoat off without ,removing his ,coat #ie ,to ,break a ,stone with a ,blow of the ,fist #if ,the ,key1 the ,heart1 and the ,dart #if ,prisoners' ,release ,puzzle1 ,the #if ,hampton ,court ,maze #if ,,arithmetical ,,puzzles4 ,american ,puzzles1 #ae and #cd #ig ,magic ,nine1 ,the2 or1 ,puzzle of ,fifteen1 ,the #ih ,magic ,thirty-six1 ,the2 or1 ,puzzle of ,one ,hundred and ,eleven1 ,the #ih ,magic ,hundred1 ,the2 or1 ,puzzle of ,five ,hundred and ,five1 ,the #ii ,twenty-four ,monks1 ,the #ii ,to take ,one from ,nineteen so that the ,remainder shall be ,twenty #ajj ,famous ,forty-five1 ,the #ajj ,costermonger's ,puzzle1 ,the #ajj ,progression of ,numbers1 ,the #aja ,how a ,number thought of or otherwise indicated may be told #ajb ,magical ,addition #ajc ,clever ,lawyer1 ,the #ajd ,a ,new ,way of ,multiplying by #i #ajd ,to ,reward the ,favourites and ,show no ,favouritism #aje ,dishonest ,servants1 ,the #aje ,lord ,dundreary's ,finger ,puzzle #aje ,uniform ,results of ,multiplication #aje ,to ,ascertain a ,square ,number at a ,glance #ajf ,to ,distinguish ,coins by ,arithmetical ,calculation #ajf ,properties of ,numbers #ajf ,,card ,,games4 ,long ,whist #ajg ,short ,whist #aae ,piquet #aaf ,euchre #aah ,vingt-un #abj ,speculation #aba ,napoleon #abb ,cribbage #abb ,ranter go ,round #abe cart #abf ,loo #abh ,cassino #abi ,put #aca ,matrimony #aca ,all ,fours #acb ,poker #acd ,snip-,snap-,snorum #acf ,commerce #acg ,sift ,smoke #ach ,lottery #ach ,quince #aci ,pope ,joan #aci ,spinado #adj ,old ,maid #ada ,spade and ,gardener #adb ,happy ,families #adb ,bzique #adc ,snap #add ,zetema #ade ,french ,vingt-un1 or ,albert ,smith #adh ,beggar my ,neighbour #adi ,catch the ,ten #adi ,cheat #aej ,truth #aej ,,parlour ,,magic4 ,conjuring #aea ,simple ,deceptions and ,minor ,tricks #aeb ,card ,tricks and ,combinations #aec ,conjuring with and without ,special ,apparatus #afg ,clairvoyance or ,second ,sight #agh ,ventriloquism and ,polyphony #ahj ,,fireside ,,fun4 ,decapitations #ahe ,curtailments and ,retailings #ahf ,anagrams #ahi ,word ,squares #aia ,birds1 ,fruits1 and ,flowers ,enigmatically ,expressed #aib ,rebuses #aic ,arithmorems #aid ,diamond ,puzzles and ,word ,puzzles of ,various ,shapes #aif ,cryptography #aig ,chronograms #aih ,logograms #bjj ,metagrams #bjb ,word ,capping #bjc ,paragrams #bjc ,extractions #bjd ,transpositions #bjd ,definitions #bje ,inversions #bjf ,hidden ,words #bjf ,numbered ,charades #bjh ,letter and ,figure ,charades #baj ,verbal ,charades #baa ,acrostics #baa ,enigmas #bac ,alphabetical ,puzzles #bae ,guessing ,stories #baf ,mental ,scenes #bag ,,cassell',s ,,book ,,of ,,in-,,door ,,amusements4 ,,round ,,or ,,parlour ,,games4 ,it is certainly a matter of regret that the names of most of the good people to whom we are indebted for the introduction of our favourite old-fashioned ,round ,games are buried in obscurity1 for they deserve1 in our estimation at least1 the name of benefactors quite as much as any great discoverer or inventor4 ,what higher aim could they possibly have had in view than that of teaching people how to enjoy themselves8 ,it has been said that in the world there are two great heaps1 one of human happiness1 and the other of human misery1 and that we are all engaged the whole day through in taking a portion from one heap and carrying it to the other4 ,surely the portion carried from one heap to the other by the kind folk who have at various times furnished us with our amusements must by this time be one of considerable size1 and in spite of their names being unknown to us1 we will ever feel grateful to them for contributing so largely to our enjoyment of life4 ,a long time ago it was observed of the ,english as a race that they took their pleasures sadly2 but we will hope that henceforth the observation may be applicable to past generations only1 and that our readers at any rate will resolve that when they play they will play heartily1 just as when they work they will work heartily4 ,to the really hearty players1 therefore1 we have great pleasure in handing our collection of ,round ,games4 ,,acting ,,proverbs4 ,in this game each player may take a part1 or if thought preferable1 the company may divide themselves into actors and spectators4 ,the actors then each fix upon a proverb which is to be represented by every one of them individually4 ,there is to be no connection between them in any way4 ,each one in turn has simply to act before the rest of the company the proverb he has selected4 ,the first player might1 for instance1 come into the room holding a cup in his hand2 then1 by way of acting his proverb1 he might repeatedly make an appearance of attempting to drink out of the cup1 but of being prevented each time by the cup slipping out of his hands1 thus in dumb show illustrating the proverb1 ,there's many a slip between the cup and the lip4 ,the second might come into the room rolling a ball1 a footstool1 or anything else that would do to represent a stone4 ,after rolling it about for some time he takes it up and examines it with astonishment1 as if something were wanting that he expected to find on it1 making it1 perhaps1 too plainly evident to the company that the proverb he is aiming to depict is the familiar one of ,a rolling stone gathers no moss4 ,if really good acting be thrown into this game1 it may be made exceedingly interesting4 ,,acting ,,rhymes4 ,a word is chosen by the company which is likely to have a good many other words rhyming with it4 ,the first player then begins by silently acting some word that will rhyme with the one chosen2 as for instance1 should the selected word be flow1 the first actor might imitate an archer1 and pretend to be shooting with a bow and arrow1 thus representing the word bow1 or he might with an imaginary scythe cut the long grass 7mow71 or pretend to be on the water in a boat1 and make use of imaginary oars 7row74 ,as each word is acted it should be guessed by the spectators before the next one is attempted4 ,,adjectives4 ,a sheet of paper and a pencil are given to the players1 upon which each is requested to write five or six adjectives4 ,in the meantime one of the company undertakes to improvise a little story1 or1 which will do quite as well1 is provided with some short narrative from a book4 ,the papers are then collected1 and the story is read aloud1 the reader of the same substituting for the original adjectives those supplied by the company on their papers1 placing them1 without any regard to sense1 in the order in which they have been received4 ,the result will be something of this kind3--,the sweet heron is a bird of a hard shape1 with a transparent head and an agitated bill set upon a hopeful neck4 ,its picturesque legs are put far back in its body1 the feet and claws are false1 and the tail very new-fangled4 ,it is a durable distorted bird1 unsophisticated in its movements1 with a blind voice1 and tender in its habits4 ,in the mysterious days of falconry the places where the heron bred were counted almost shy1 the bird was held to be serious game1 and slight statutes were enacted for its preservation1 and so on4 ,,the ,,adventurers4 ,the great advantage to be derived from many of our most popular games is that they combine instruction with amusement4 ,the game we are about to describe is one of this number1 and will give the players the opportunity of exhibiting their geographical knowledge1 as well as any knowledge they may have as to the physical condition1 manufactures1 and customs of the countries which1 in imagination1 they intend visiting4 ,the company must first of all fancy themselves to be a party of travellers bound for foreign lands4 ,a starting-place is fixed upon1 from which point the first player sets out on his journey4 ,in some cases maps are allowed1 and certainly1 if any one should be doubtful as to the accuracy of his ideas of locality1 both for his own sake and that of his friends he will do wisely to have a map before him4 ,the first player then proceeds to inform the company what spot he means to visit1 and what kind of conveyance he means to travel in2 on arriving at the place what he means to buy1 and on returning home which of his friends is to be favoured by having his purchase offered as a gift4 ,to do all this is not quite so easy as might at first be imagined4 ,in the first place there must be some knowledge of the country to which the traveller is going2 he must know the modes of conveyance1 the preparations he will have to make1 and the time that will be occupied during the journey4 ,also1 he must know something of the capabilities of the people whom he means to visit1 because what he buys must be something that is manufactured by them1 or that is an article of produce in their country4 ,for instance1 he must not go to ,north ,america for grapes1 or to the warm and sunny ,south for furs4 ,the presents1 too1 must be suitable for the persons to whom they are to be offered4 ,a ,japanese fan must not be offered to a wild schoolboy1 or a meerschaum pipe to a young lady4 ,forfeits may be exacted for any mistakes of this kind1 or1 indeed1 for mistakes of any description2 the greater will be the fun if at the end of the game a good number of forfeits should have accumulated4 ,the second player must make his starting-point where his predecessor completed his travels1 and may either cut across the country quickly1 make his purchase1 and return home again1 or he may loiter on the road to sketch1 botanise1 or amuse himself in any other way4 ,it is astonishing how much pleasure may be derived by listening to the various experiences related1 especially when a few of the company are gifted with vivid imaginations4 ,sometimes rhyme is employed instead of prose for recounting the travels1 and with very great success4 ,when this is done the speaker may1 if so inclined1 end his description abruptly1 thus leaving it to the next player about to commence his narrative to supply a line which shall rhyme with the one just uttered4 ,,sop',s ,,mission4 ,this being a game of mystery1 it is1 of course1 necessary that it should be unknown to1 at any rate1 a few of the company--the more the better4 ,one of the gentlemen well acquainted with the game undertakes to represent sop4 ,in order to do so more effectually1 he may put a cushion or pillow under his coat to imitate a hump1 provide himself with a thick stick for a crutch1 make a false nose1 and put a patch over one eye4 ,the rest of the company must then each assume the name of some subject of the animal kingdom--a bird1 beast1 or fish--and having done this must prepare themselves to listen to the words of their great master4 ,limping into their midst1 sop then tells them that the wrath of the great god ,jupiter has been aroused1 and as the cause of a calamity so terrible must be that one or more of them have been committing some crime or other1 he is anxious to discover without further delay who are the guilty subjects4 ,i shall therefore1 continues he1 question you closely all round1 and ,i shall expect you every one to give me truthful answers4 ,to begin with you1 ,mr4 ,lion1 as you are the king of beasts1 ,i sincerely hope you have done nothing derogatory to your high position2 still1 as it is absolutely necessary that you should be examined with the rest of your friends1 will you please tell me what food you have eaten lately8 ,should the lion have eaten a lamb1 a sheep1 a tiger1 a bear1 or any other dainty that is spelt without the letter ,o1 he is acquitted as innocent2 but should he have eaten a leopard1 a goose1 a fox1 or any other creature1 in the name of which the letter ,o occurs1 he is pronounced by sop to be deserving of punishment1 and is therefore sentenced to pay a forfeit4 ,the other animals in turn then undergo a similar examination1 during which each one must remember that in naming their prey they must confine themselves to such food as is suited to the species they have adopted4 ,the game may be carried on for any length of time1 or until all have discovered the secret in it4 ,there is no fear of the interest flagging1 so long as even only one of the company is still left unable to solve the mystery4 ,,alphabet ,,games4 ,provided with a good boxful of letters1 either on wood or cardboard1 a clean table1 a bright fire1 and three or four pleasant companions1 ,i have no hesitation in saying that a very pleasant hour may be spent4 ,it is almost needless to give directions how to proceed with the letters1 for they can be used in a variety of ways1 according to inclination4 ,sometimes a word is formed by one person1 the letters of which he passes on to his neighbour1 asking him to find out what the word is4 ,a still more interesting method is for the whole party to fix upon one long word1 and all try in a certain time how many different words can be made of it4 ,or another way1 even better still1 is to shuffle the letters well together1 and then to give to each person a certain number4 ,all must then make a sentence out of the letters1 whether with or without sense1 as best they can4 ,the transposition of words1 too1 is very amusing1 and can be done either with the loose letters or with pencil and paper4 ,the names of poets1 authors1 or great men famous in history may be given1 the letters of which may be so completely altered as to form words or sentences totally different from the original4 ,for instance3-- ,we lads get on4 ,w4 ,e4 ,gladstone4 ,rich able man4 ,chamberlain4 ,side ,rail4 ,disraeli4 ,pale ,noon4 ,napoleon4 ,,the ,,artists' ,,menagerie4 ,a pencil and a piece of paper of moderately good size are given to the players1 each of whom is requested to draw on the top of the sheet a head of some description1 it may be a human head or that of any animal1 either bird1 beast1 or fish4 ,as soon as each sketch is finished the paper must be folded back1 and passed to the left-hand neighbour1 no one on any account looking at the drawing under the fold4 ,the body of something must next be drawn4 ,as before1 it may be either a human body or that of any animal1 and the papers must then be again folded and passed to the left4 ,lastly1 a pair of legs must be added1 or it may be four legs1 the number will depend upon the animal depicted4 ,the productions all being complete1 they are opened and passed round to the company1 who will be edified by seeing before them some very ridiculous specimens of art--see our illustrations1 for instance4 ,the dotted lines in these figures show where the paper was folded back1 as each artist finished his work4 ,illustration3 ,leaves from an ,artist's ,sketch-,book4 ,,the ,,baby ,,elephant4 ,a very good imitation of a ,baby ,elephant can easily be got up by two or three of the company1 who are willing to spend a little time and trouble in making the necessary preparations4 ,in the first place a large grey shawl or rug must be found1 as closely resembling the colour of an elephant as possible4 ,on this a couple of flaps of the same material must be sewn1 to represent the ears1 and also two pieces of marked paper for the eyes4 ,no difficulty will be found in finding tusks1 which may consist of cardboard or stiff white paper1 rolled up tightly1 while the trunk may be made of a piece of grey flannel also rolled up4 ,the body of the dear little creature is then constructed by means of two performers1 who stand one behind the other1 each with his body bent down1 so as to make the backs of both one long surface1 the one in front holding the trunk1 while the one behind holds the tusks one in each hand4 ,the shawl is then thrown over them both1 when the result will be a figure very much resembling a little elephant4 ,when all is complete1 the services of a third performer should be enlisted to undertake the post of keeper to the elephant4 ,if the person chosen for this capacity have great inventive faculties1 the description given by him may be made to add greatly to the amusement of the scene4 ,,the ,,bird-,,catcher4 ,one of the party is chosen to be the bird-catcher4 ,the rest fix upon some particular bird whose voice they can imitate when called upon1 the owl being the only bird forbidden to be chosen4 ,then sitting in order round the room with their hands on their knees1 they listen to the story their master has to tell them4 ,the ,bird-catcher begins by relating some incident in which the feathered tribe take a very prominent position1 but particularly those birds represented by the company4 ,each one1 as the name of the bird he has chosen is mentioned1 utters the cry peculiar to it1 never for a moment moving his hands from his knees4 ,should the owl be referred to1 however1 every one is expected to place his hands behind him1 and to keep them there until the name of another bird has been mentioned1 when he must1 as before1 place them on his knees4 ,during the moving of the hands1 if the ,bird-catcher can succeed in securing a hand1 the owner of it must pay a forfeit1 and also change places with the ,bird-catcher4 ,we must not forget to observe that when the leader1 or ,bird-catcher1 as he is called1 refers in his narrative to all the birds in the air1 all the players are to utter at the same time the cries of the different birds they represent4 ,,blind ,,man',s ,,buff4 ,a handkerchief must be tied over the eyes of some one of the party who has volunteered to be blind man2 after which he is turned round three times1 then let loose to catch any one he can4 ,as soon as he has succeeded in laying hold of one of his friends1 if able to say who it is he is liberated1 and the handkerchief is transferred to the eyes of the newly-made captive1 who in his turn becomes blind man4 ,this position the new victim must hold until1 like his predecessor1 he shall succeed in catching some one1 and naming correctly the person he has caught4 ,,blind ,,postman4 ,in this game the first thing to be done is to appoint a postmaster-general and a postman4 ,the table must then be pushed on one side1 so that when the company have arranged themselves round the room there may be plenty of room to move about4 ,the postmaster-general1 with paper and pencil in hand1 then goes round the room1 and writes down each person's name1 linking with it the name of the town that the owner of the name chooses to represent4 ,as soon as the towns are chosen1 and all are in readiness1 the postman is blindfolded and placed in the middle of the room4 ,the postmaster then announces that a letter has been sent from one town to another1 perhaps from ,london to ,edinburgh4 ,if so1 the representatives of these two cities must stand up1 and1 as silently as possible1 change seats4 ,while the transition is being made1 the postman is at liberty to secure one of the seats for himself4 ,if he can do so1 then the former occupant of the chair must submit to be blindfolded1 and take upon himself the office of postman4 ,,blowing ,,out ,,the ,,candle4 ,no end of merriment has frequently been created by this simple1 innocent game4 ,it is equally interesting to old people and to little children1 for in many cases those who have prided themselves on the accuracy of their calculating powers and the clearness of their mental vision have found themselves utterly defeated in it4 ,a lighted candle must be placed on a small table at one end of the room1 with plenty of walking space left clear in front of it4 ,one of the company is invited to blow out the flame blindfold4 ,should any one volunteer1 he is placed exactly in front of the candle1 while the bandage is being fastened on his eyes1 and told to take three steps back1 turn round three steps1 then take three steps forward and blow out the light4 ,no directions could sound more simple4 ,the opinion that there is nothing in it has often been expressed by those who have never seen the thing done4 ,not many people1 however1 are able to manage it--the reason why1 you young people will soon find out1 if you decide to give the game a fair trial4 ,,bouts ,,rim,s4 ,several rhyming games are given among these ,round ,games1 and the following is simply a variety of some of them3-- ,a slip of paper is given to each player1 who is requested to write in one corner of it two words that rhyme4 ,the papers are then collected and read aloud1 after which every one is expected to write a short stanza1 introducing all the rhymes that1 have been suggested4 ,when the completed poems are read aloud1 it is very amusing to observe how totally different are the styles adopted by the various authors1 and how great is the dissimilarity that exists between the ideas suggested by each one4 ,,brother1 ,i',m ,,bobbed4 ,two chairs are placed in the middle of the room1 upon one of which some one unacquainted with the game must be asked to take a seat4 ,the other chair must be occupied by a lady or gentleman to whom the game is familiar4 ,a large shawl or tablecloth is then put over the heads of both1 so that nothing that is going on in the room can be visible to them4 ,the person1 however1 who understands the game may stealthily pull away the cloth from his own head1 keeping it round his shoulders only1 so that his companion may have no suspicion that both are not equally blindfolded4 ,the player acquainted with the game then with his slipper hits his own head1 at the same time calling out1 ,brother1 ,i'm bobbed4 ,his blind companion will then ask1 ,who bobbed you8 upon which the first player must name some person in the room1 as if making a guess in the matter4 ,he will next hit the head of the player under the shawl with the slipper1 who will also exclaim1 ,brother1 ,i'm bobbed4 ,who bobbed you8 the first player will inquire4 ,the blinded player may then guess which person in the room he suspects of having hit him4 ,the fun of the whole affair lies in the fact that the bobbing1 which the blind player suspects is performed by the various members of the company1 is really chiefly done by the player sitting close beside him4 ,sometimes1 too1 the bobbing business is done so effectually1 and with such force1 as to render it anything but amusing to the poor blinded victim1 although to the spectators it may be unmistakably so4 ,should the victim be a gentleman1 a few sharp raps with a slipper will not make any material difference to him2 but if instead it should happen to be a lady1 the bobbing must be of the gentlest4 ,,buff ,,says ',,baff4' ,in this game no one is allowed to either laugh or smile2 consequently1 it is generally one of the games chosen when the merriment of the evening has reached its highest pitch4 ,the company seat themselves in a half circle at one end of the room1 with the exception of one of their number1 who is supposed to have gone on a visit to ,buff4 ,he then enters the room with the poker in his hand1 and his face looking as grave as possible4 ,when he is asked by his friends in succession3-- ,where do you come from8 ,from ,buff4 ,did he say anything to you8 ,buff said ,baff1 ,and gave me this staff1 ,telling me neither to smile nor laugh4 ,buff says ,baff to all his men1 ,and ,i say ,baff to you again1 ,and he neither laughs nor smiles1 ,in spite of all your cunning wiles1 ,but carries his face with a very good grace1 ,and passes his stick to the very next place4 ,if all this can be repeated without laughing1 the player is highly to be commended4 ,he may then deliver up his staff to some one else1 and take his seat4 ,,buff ,,with ,,the ,,wand4 ,blind ,man's ,buff is so time-honoured and popular with young and old1 that one would think it impossible to devise a better game of the kind4 ,the newer game of ,buff with the ,wand1 however1 is thought by many to be superior to the long-established favourite4 ,the blinded person1 with a stick in his hand1 is placed in the middle of the room4 ,the remainder of the party form a ring by joining hands1 and to the music of a merry tune which should be played on the piano they all dance round him4 ,occasionally the music should be made to stop suddenly1 when the blind man takes the opportunity of lowering his wand upon one of the circle4 ,the person thus made the victim is then required to take hold of the stick until his fate is decided4 ,the blind man then makes any absurd noise he likes1 either the cry of animals1 or street cries1 which the captured person must imitate1 trying as much as possible to disguise his own natural voice4 ,should the blind man detect who holds the stick1 and guess rightly1 he is released from his post1 the person who has been caught taking his place4 ,if not1 he must still keep the bandage on his eyes1 and hope for better success next time4 ,,capping ,,verses4 ,this game is not unlike one that is elsewhere described as ,mixed-up ,poetry4 ,every one at the table is supplied with a sheet of paper and a pencil1 at the top of which is written by each player a line of poetry either original or from memory4 ,the paper must then be folded down so as to conceal what has been written1 and passed on to the right2 at the same time the neighbour to whom it is passed must be told what is the last word written in the concealed line4 ,every one must then write under the folded paper a line to rhyme with the line above1 being ignorant1 of course1 of what it is4 ,thus the game is carried on1 until the papers have gone once or twice round the circle1 when they can be opened and read aloud4 ,,charades4 ,although the acting of charades is by no means an amusement of very recent invention1 it is one that may always be made so thoroughly attractive1 according to the amount of originality displayed1 that most young people1 during an evening's entertainment1 hail with glee the announcement that a charade is about to be acted4 ,it is not necessary that anything great should be attempted in the way of dressing1 scenery1 or similar preparations1 such as are almost indispensable to the performance of private theatricals4 ,nothing is needed beyond a few old clothes1 shawls1 and hats1 and a few good actors1 or rather1 a few clever1 bright1 intelligent young people1 all willing to employ their best energies in contributing to the amusement of their friends4 ,what ability they may possess as actors will soon become evident by the success or failure of the charade4 ,the word charade derives its name from the ,italian word ,schiarare--to unravel or to clear up4 ,suitable as the word may be in some instances1 we cannot help thinking that in the majority of cases the acting of a charade has the effect of making the word chosen anything but clear2 indeed1 the object of the players generally is to make it as ambiguous as possible4 ,as all players of round games know how charades are got up1 it would be superfluous to give any elaborate instructions regarding them1 though perhaps the following illustration may be useful4 ,,word ,,go-,,bang1 ,,to ,,be ,,represented ,,in ,,three ,,scenes4 ,,scene #a4--;,in which the word ,go is to be introduced4 ,the curtain drawn aside4 ,miss ,jenkyns is seen reclining on her drawing-room couch1 with a weary look on her face and a book in her hand4 ,enter ,footman4 ,footman 7pulling his forelock74--,please ma'am1 ,i'm come to say ,i wish to give you notice2 ,i can't stop here no longer6 ,lady4--,why1 ,james1 how is this8 ,what can have made you so unexpectedly come to this decision8 ,james4--,well1 ma'am1 you see ,i want to live where there are more carriage visitors4 ,i have nothing at all to say against you1 ma'am1 or the place2 but ,i want to better myself by seeing a little of 'igh life4 ,lady4--,then if you have no other reason for wanting to go1 ,james1 ,i fear we shall have to part1 as ,i certainly can't arrange to receive carriage visitors simply for your benefit4 7,sinks languidly back on the couch and resumes her book4 ,james retires47 ,lady 7to herself74--,how tiresome these servants are1 to be sure1 now ,i shall have the trouble of engaging a new footman4 ,i really think no one with my delicate health had ever so much to do before4 7,rises and retires47 ,,scene #b4--;,bringing in the word ,bang4 ,old gentleman sitting in an arm-chair1 a table by his side1 on which medicine bottles and a gruel basin are placed1 and his leg1 thickly bandaged1 resting on a chair4 ,old ,gent4--,oh1 this horrid pain6 what shall ,i do8 will no one come to help me8 ,that stupid doctor has done me no good4 ,enter ,maid-servant4--,please1 sir1 the doctor has come4 ,shall ,i tell him to come upstairs8 ,old ,gent4--,of course you must1 and unless he is quick ,i shall die before he gets here4 ,oh dear6 ,oh dear6 7,exit maid1 banging the door after her47 ,old ,gent 7shrieking out with pain74--,oh1 you cruel creature1 how can you bang the door in that way1 when even the slightest footstep on the floor is enough to make me wild8 ,quick1 doctor1 quick6 7,here the maid again appears1 holding the door open for the doctor47 ,doctor 7with a large case of instruments under his arm74--,mr4 ,grumbleton1 you appear to be very ill2 can ,i do anything to relieve you8 ,let me feel your pulse4 ,old ,gent4--,oh1 my leg6 ,doctor4--,your nerves are in a very excited state2 you must have perfect quiet4 7,here the street door is heard to bang loudly1 making the house shake47 ,old ,gent4--,keep quiet1 do you say6 ,you might as well tell me to cut my leg off4 ,there is no such thing as quiet in this house4 ,that little good-for-nothing of a maid never comes into the room without shutting the door with a bang4 ,doctor4--,be calm1 my dear friend1 and ,i will order you a soothing mixture1 and as ,i leave the house ,i will insist upon perfect quiet being maintained4 7,then rebandaging the gentleman's leg1 and placing him comfortably in the arm-chair1 the doctor retires47 ,,scene #c4--;,bringing in the whole word1 ,go-bang4 ,inside a coffee-room4 ,two or three friends are seated with their coffee and pipes1 when one1 who has just returned from foreign lands1 begins relating some of his adventures4 ,smith4--,yes1 my boys1 glad as ,i am to get back to my own country1 ,i should not like to be without the remembrance of all that ,i have witnessed in the far-off lands ,i have been visiting4 ,brown4--,yes1 friend1 you must have had a brave heart to face the thousand dangers to which no doubt you have been exposed4 ,but though it's getting late1 we must1 before parting1 hear one of your adventures4 ,so proceed1 comrade4 ,smith4--,well1 it's not worth while beginning a long tale when there's not time to finish it1 so ,i'll just sketch the sort of risk one often runs in the wilds of the backwoods4 ,my mates and ,i had been out one day on a hunting expedition1 when1 returning home late at night1 ,i unfortunately got left behind4 ,the darkness was so great that my absence was not noticed1 and before very long ,i found ,i had taken the wrong track4 ,i came to this conclusion because ,i heard nothing but the tramp of my own horse's hoofs1 when suddenly ,i felt that danger was at hand4 ,almost before ,i could put my thoughts into words1 ,i felt something go bang close past my ear2 then three ,indians rushed upon me4 ,instead of feeling fear1 a kind of supernatural strength took possession of me4 ,i lifted my pistol and shot the man nearest to me1 the next ,i felled2 when1 strange to say1 the third man just at this moment turned round and fled4 ,i suppose he heard the voices and footsteps of my friends1 who were1 at last1 coming in search of me4 ,at any rate he disappeared1 when we all made the best of our way home1 truly thankful that my life had been spared4 ,jones4--,well done1 ,smith6 ,next time we meet you must tell us of the many escapes you have had1 and wonderful scenes you have witnessed in foreign parts4 ,the following1 among other words1 are suitable for charade acting3-- ,adulation1 ,andrew1 ,arrowroot1 ,artichoke1 ,articulate2 ,bayonet1 ,bellman1 ,bondmaid1 ,bonfire1 ,bookworm1 ,bracelet1 ,bridewell1 ,brimstone1 ,brushwood2 ,cabin1 ,carpet1 ,castaway1 ,catacomb1 ,champaign1 ,chaplain1 ,checkmate1 ,childhood1 ,cowslip1 ,cupboard1 ,cutlet2 ,daybreak1 ,dovetail1 ,downfall1 ,dustman2 ,earrings1 ,earshot1 ,exciseman2 ,farewell1 ,footman2 ,grandchild2 ,harebell1 ,handiwork1 ,handsome1 ,hardship1 ,helpless1 ,highgate1 ,highwayman1 ,homesick1 ,hornbook2 ,illwill1 ,indigent1 ,indulgent1 ,inmate1 ,insight1 ,intent1 ,intimate2 ,jewel1 ,jonquil1 ,joyful2 ,kindred1 ,kneedeep2 ,label1 ,lawful1 ,leapyear1 ,lifelike1 ,loophole1 ,loveknot2 ,madcap1 ,matchless1 ,milkmaid1 ,mistake1 ,misunderstand1 ,mohair1 ,moment1 ,moonstruck2 ,namesake1 ,necklace1 ,nightmare1 ,nightshade1 ,ninepin1 ,nutmeg2 ,orphanage1 ,outside1 ,oxeye2 ,padlock1 ,painful1 ,parsonage1 ,penmanship1 ,pilgrim1 ,pilot1 ,pinchbeck1 ,purchase2 ,quarto1 ,quicklime1 ,quicksand1 ,quickset1 ,quicksilver2 ,ragamuffin1 ,ringleader1 ,roundhead1 ,ruthful2 ,scarlet1 ,season1 ,sentinel1 ,sightless1 ,skipjack1 ,sluggard1 ,sofa1 ,solo1 ,somebody1 ,sonnet1 ,sparerib1 ,sparkling1 ,spectacle1 ,speculate1 ,speedwell1 ,spinster1 ,starling1 ,statement1 ,stucco1 ,supplicate1 ,sweetmeat1 ,sweetheart2 ,tactic1 ,tartar1 ,tenant1 ,tendon1 ,tenor1 ,threshold1 ,ticktack1 ,tiresome1 ,toadstool1 ,token1 ,torment1 ,tractable1 ,triplet1 ,tunnel2 ,upright1 ,uproar2 ,vampire1 ,vanguard2 ,waistcoat1 ,watchful1 ,watchman1 ,waterfall1 ,wayward1 ,wedding1 ,wedlock1 ,welcome1 ,welfare1 ,wilful1 ,willow1 ,workmanship2 ,yokemate1 ,youthful4 ,,clairvoyant4 ,in this game one of the company standing outside the room is1 strange to say1 able to describe what is passing inside4 ,a dialogue such as would have to be carried on between the principal players will best describe the game1 and show how it is to be played3-- ,do you quite remember how the room is furnished in which we are sitting8 ,i do4 ,do you remember the colour of the chairs8 ,i do4 ,do you know the ornaments on the mantelpiece8 ,i do4 ,and the vase of flowers8 ,i do4 ,the old china in the cabinet8 ,yes4 ,the stuffed birds8 ,yes4 ,you think there is nothing in the room that has escaped your notice8 ,nothing4 ,then please tell me which article ,i am now touching4 ,you are touching the vase of flowers4 ,the vase of flowers being the only object preceded by the word and1 the clairvoyant knows that that is the object which will be touched4 ,the fun of the game1 of course1 consists in puzzling those of the company to whom the secret is unknown4 ,,the ,,comic ,,concert4 ,in this performance the company for the time imagine themselves to be a band of musicians4 ,the leader of the band is supposed to furnish each of the performers with a different musical instrument4 ,consequently1 a violin1 a harp1 a flute1 an accordion1 a piano1 a jew's-harp1 and anything else that would add to the noise1 are all to be performed upon at the same time4 ,provided with an instrument of some description himself1 the leader begins playing a tune on his imaginary violoncello1 or whatever else it may be1 imitating the real sound as well as he can both in action and voice4 ,the others all do the same1 the sight presented being1 as may well be imagined1 exceedingly ludicrous1 and the noise almost deafening4 ,in the midst of it1 the leader quite unexpectedly stops playing1 and makes an entire change in his attitude and tone of voice1 substituting for his own instrument one belonging to some one else4 ,as soon as he does this1 the performer who has been thus unceremoniously deprived of his instrument takes that of his leader1 and performs on it instead4 ,thus the game is continued1 every one being expected to carefully watch the leader's actions1 and to be prepared at any time for making a sudden change4 ,,consequences4 ,the old-fashioned game of ,consequences is so well known that there are doubtless few people who are not thoroughly acquainted with it4 ,it is played in the following manner3--,each person is first provided with half a sheet of note paper and a lead pencil4 ,the leader of the game then requests that 7#a7 one or more adjectives may be written at the top of each paper by its owner1 and that1 having done so1 the paper may be folded down about half an inch1 so as to conceal what has been written4 ,every one then passes the paper to the right-hand neighbour1 and proceeds to write on the sheet that has just been given him by his left-hand neighbour1 7#b7 the name of a gentleman1 again folding the paper down and passing it on to the right4 ,then 7#c7 one or more adjectives are written2 then 7#d7 a lady's name2 next 7#e7 where they met2 next 7#f7 what he gave her2 next 7#g7 what he said to her2 next 7#h7 what she said to him2 next 7#i7 the consequences2 and lastly 7#aj7 what the world said about it4 ,every time anything is written the paper must be turned down and passed on to the right4 ,as soon as every one has written what the world said the papers are collected1 and the leader will edify the company by reading them all aloud4 ,the result will be something of this kind1 or perhaps something even more absurd may be produced--,the happy energetic 7#a7 ,mr4 ,simpkins 7#b7 met the modest 7#c7 ,miss ,robinson 7#d7 in the ,thames ,tunnel 7#e74 ,he gave her a sly glance 7#f71 and said to her1 ',do you love the moon8' 7#g74 ,she replied1 ',not if ,i know it' 7#h74 ,the consequence was they sang a duet 7#i71 and the world said1 ',wonders never cease' 7#aj74 ,,conveyances4 ,to do justice to this game it will be necessary for the players to call to mind all they have ever read or heard about the various modes of travelling in all the four quarters of the globe1 because every little detail will be of use4 ,the business commences by one of the company announcing that he intends starting on a journey1 when he is asked whether he will go by sea or by land4 ,to which quarter of the globe8 ,will he go north1 south1 east1 or west8 and last of all--,what conveyance does he intend to use8 ,after these four questions have been answered1 the first player is called upon to name the spot he intends to visit4 ,mountain travelling may be described1 the many ingenious methods of which are so well known to visitors to ,italy and ,switzerland4 ,the wonderful railway up the ,righi need not be forgotten2 mule travelling1 arm-chairs carried by porters1 and the dangerous-looking ladders which the ,swiss peasants mount and remount so fearlessly at all times of the year1 in order to scale the awful precipices1 will each be borne in mind4 ,in the cold regions the sledges drawn by reindeer may be employed1 or the ,greenland dogs1 not forgetting the tremendous skates1 that have the appearance of small canoes1 used by the ,laplanders2 and also the stilts1 which are used by some of the poor ,french people who live in the west of their country4 ,indeed1 it is amazing how many different methods of conveyance have been contrived at one time or another for the benefit of us human beings4 ,in ,spain and other places there are the diligences2 in ,arabia the camels2 in ,china the junks2 at ,venice the gondolas4 ,then1 to come home1 we have balloons1 bicycles1 wheelbarrows1 perambulators1 and all kinds of carriages1 so that no one need be long in deciding what mode of travelling he shall for the time adopt4 ,as soon as the four questions have been answered1 should the first player be unable to name what country he will visit he must pay a forfeit1 and the opportunity is passed on to his neighbour4 ,this game may be made intensely amusing1 as will be proved by trial2 and at the same time a very great amount of instruction may be derived from it4 ,,crambo4 ,two pieces of paper1 unlike both in size and colour1 are given to each person4 ,on one of them a noun must be written1 and on the other a question4 ,two gentlemen's hats must then be called for1 into one of which the nouns must be dropped1 and into the other the questions1 and all well shuffled4 ,the hats must then be handed round1 until each person is supplied with a question and a noun4 ,the thing now to be done is for each player to write an answer in rhyme to the question he finds written on the one paper1 bringing in the noun written on the other paper4 ,sometimes the questions and the nouns are so thoroughly inapplicable to each other that it is impossible to produce anything like sensible poetry4 ,the player need not trouble about that1 however1 for the more nonsensical the rhyme the greater the fun4 ,sometimes players are fortunate enough to draw from the hats both noun and question that may be easily linked together4 ,a question once drawn was--,why do summer roses fade8 ,the noun drawn was butterfly1 so that the following rhyme was easily concocted3-- ,summer roses fade away1 ,the reason why ,i cannot say1 ,unless it be because they try ,to cheat the pretty butterfly4 ,,cross ,,questions ,,and ,,crooked ,,answers4 ,this is a pleasant game1 that may be enjoyed while sitting in a circle round the fire4 ,the person at either end1 who is honoured by commencing the game1 must1 in a whisper1 ask a question of the player sitting next to him1 taking care to remember the answer he receives1 and also the question he himself asked4 ,the second player must then do likewise1 and so on1 until every one in the party has asked a question and received an answer4 ,the last person1 of course1 being under the necessity of receiving the answer to his question from the first person4 ,every one must then say aloud what was the question put to him1 and what was the answer he received to the question he asked--the two together1 of course1 making nothing but nonsense1 something like the following3-- ,q4 ,who is your favourite author8 ,a4 ,beans and ,bacon4 ,q4 ,were you ever in love8 ,a4 ,cricket1 decidedly4 ,q4 ,are you an admirer of ,oliver ,cromwell8 ,a4 ,mark ,twain4 ,q4 ,why is a cow like an oyster8 ,a4 ,many a time4 ,another way of playing this game is for one person to stand outside the circle2 then1 when all the whispering is finished1 to come forward and ask a question of each person1 receiving for his replies the answers they all had given to the questions they asked each other4 ,or what is1 perhaps1 a still better plan1 both questions and answers may be written on different coloured paper1 and then1 after being shuffled1 may be read aloud by the leader of the game4 ,,cupid ,,is ,,coming4 ,in this game all the adverbs that can be thought of will need to be brought into requisition4 ,seated in order round the room1 the first player begins by saying to his neighbour1 ,cupid is coming4 ,the neighbour then says1 ,how is he coming8 ,to which the first player replies by naming an adverb beginning with the letter ,a4 ,this little form of procedure is repeated by every player until every one in the room has mentioned an adverb beginning with ,a4 ,next time ,cupid is declared to be coming ,beautifully1 ,bashfully1 ,bountifully1 etc42 then ,capriciously1 ,cautiously1 ,carefully1 and so on1 until the whole of the alphabet has been gone through1 by which time1 no doubt1 it will be thought desirable to select another game4 ,,the ,,cushion ,,dance4 ,a hassock is placed end upwards in the middle of the floor1 round which the players form a circle with hands joined1 having first divided themselves into two equal parts4 ,the adversaries1 facing each other1 begin business by dancing round the hassock a few times2 then suddenly one side tries to pull the other forward1 so as to force one of their number to touch the hassock1 and to upset it4 ,the struggle that necessarily ensues is a source of great fun1 causing as much or even more merriment to spectators of the scene than to the players themselves4 ,at last1 in spite of the utmost dexterity1 down goes the hassock or cushion1 whichever it may be2 some one's foot is sure to touch it before very long1 when the unfortunate individual is dismissed from the circle1 and compelled to pay a forfeit4 ,the advantages that the gentlemen have over the ladies in this game are very great2 they can leap over the stool and avoid it times without number1 while the ladies are continually impeded by their dresses4 ,it generally happens that two gentlemen are left to keep up the struggle1 which in most cases is a very prolonged one4 ,,definitions4 ,this game is not fit for very young children1 but among older ones1 who wish to enjoy a little quiet time together1 it will suit their purpose admirably4 ,on a little slip of paper each member of the party writes down a subject for definition4 ,the slips are then handed to the leader1 who reads the subjects aloud1 while each person copies them on a piece of paper4 ,every one is then requested to give definitions1 not only of his own word1 but of all the others1 the whole being read aloud when finished4 ,,dumb ,,crambo4 ,after dividing the company into two equal parts1 one half leaves the room2 in their absence the remaining players fix upon a verb1 to be guessed by those who have gone out when they return4 ,as soon as the word is chosen1 those outside the room are told with what word it rhymes4 ,a consultation ensues1 when the absent ones come in and silently act the word they think may be the right one4 ,supposing the verb thought of should have rhymed with ,sell1 the others might come in and begin felling imaginary trees with imaginary hatchets1 but on no account uttering a single syllable4 ,if ,fell were the right word1 the spectators1 on perceiving what the actors were attempting to do1 would clap their hands1 as a signal that the word had been discovered4 ,but if ,tell or any other word had been thought of1 the spectators would begin to hiss loudly1 which the actors would know indicated that they were wrong1 and that nothing remained for them but to try again4 ,the rule is that1 while the acting is going on1 the spectators as well as the actors should be speechless4 ,should any one make a remark1 or even utter a single syllable1 a forfeit must be paid4 ,,dwarf4 ,just as absurd and ridiculous as the representation of the ,giant 7elsewhere explained7 is that of the ,dwarf1 and to those who have never before seen it performed the picture is certainly a most bewildering one4 ,the wonderful phenomenon is produced in the following manner3--,on a table in front of the company the dwarf makes his appearance1 his feet being the hands of one of the two gentlemen who have undertaken to manage the affair4 ,his head is the property of the same gentleman1 while his hands belong to the other gentleman1 who thrusts them over the shoulders of his companion to take the place of those that are being made to act as feet4 ,stockings and shoes are of course put on to these artificial feet1 and the little figure is dressed up as well as can be managed1 in order to hide the comical way in which the portions of the two individuals are united4 ,for this purpose a child's pinafore will be found as suitable as anything else4 ,a third person generally takes part in the proceedings as exhibitor1 and comes forward to introduce his little friend1 perhaps as ,count ,borowlaski1 the ,polish dwarf1 who lived in the last century1 and who was remarkable for his intelligence and wit4 ,this little creature was never more than three feet high1 although he lived to be quite old4 ,he was also very highly accomplished3 he could dance1 and played on the guitar quite proficiently4 ,or he might be introduced as ,nicholas ,ferry1 the famous ,french dwarf1 who was so small that when he was taken to church to be christened his mother made a bed for him in her sabot1 and so comfortable was he in it that for the first six months of his life it was made to serve as a cradle for the little fellow4 ,sense or nonsense may of course be improvised on the spot1 and made use of in order to render the exhibition a success4 ,,the ,,elements4 ,seated round the room1 one of the company holds in his hand a ball1 round which should be fastened a string1 so that it may be easily drawn back again4 ,sometimes a ball of worsted is used1 when a yard or two is left unwound4 ,the possessor of the ball then throws it first to one person then to another1 naming at the time one of the elements2 and each player as the ball touches him must1 before ten can be counted1 mention an inhabitant of that element4 ,should any one speak when fire is mentioned he must pay a forfeit4 ,,the ,,farmyard4 ,if it were not understood that joking of all kinds is considered lawful in most game playing1 we might be inclined to think that in this game of the ,farmyard a little unfairness existed in one person being made so completely the laughing-stock of all the rest4 ,still1 as in war all things are fair1 so it seems to be in amusements1 most hearty players evidently being quite willing to be either the laughers or the laughed at4 ,the master of the ceremony announces that he will whisper in the ear of each person the name of an animal which1 at some signal from him1 they must all imitate as loudly as possible4 ,the fact is1 however1 that to one person only he gives the name of an animal1 and that is the donkey2 to every one else he gives the command to be perfectly silent4 ,after waiting a short time1 that all may be in readiness1 he makes the expected signal1 when1 instead of a number of sounds1 nothing is to be heard but a loud bray4 ,it is needless to remark that this game is seldom called for a second time in one evening4 ,,the ,,feather4 ,a small flossy feather with very little stem must be procured4 ,the players then draw their chairs in a circle as closely together as possible4 ,one of the party begins the game by throwing the feather into the air as high as possible above the centre of the ring formed4 ,the object of the game is to keep it from touching any one1 as the player whom it touches must pay a forfeit2 and it is impossible to imagine the excitement that can be produced by each player preventing the feather from alighting upon him4 ,the game must be heartily played to be fully appreciated1 not only by the real actors of the performance1 but by the spectators of the scene4 ,indeed1 so absurd generally is the picture presented1 that it is difficult to say whether the players or the watchers have the most fun4 ,,finding ,,the ,,ring4 ,the principle of the following puzzle is very similar to that contained in ,think of a ,number4 ,first of all a ring must be provided1 after which you can request the company to put it upon some one's finger1 adding at the same time that you will tell them who has it1 and also upon which hand1 and even upon which finger it shall have been placed4 ,the ring being deposited on a certain finger1 you must then ask some one to make for you the necessary calculation4 ,multiply the number of the person having the ring by #b2 to that add #c4 ,multiply this by #e2 then add #h if the ring be on the right hand1 or #i if on the left4 ,then multiply by #aj1 and add the number of the finger 7the thumb is #a72 and1 lastly1 add #b4 ,ask now for the result1 from which subtract mentally #bbb1 and the remainder will give the answer4 ,for instance1 supposing the ring were put on the fourth person1 on the left hand1 and the first finger1 remembering that the thumb counts #a4 ,the following is the kind of sum to be worked out3-- ,the number of the person multiplied by #b #h ,add #c #aa ,multiply by #e #ee ,add #i for the left hand #fd ,multiply by #aj #fdj ,add the number of the finger #b #fdb ,add #b #fdd ---- ,subtract #bbb ---- #dbb ,which result proves it to be1 beginning at the right-hand finger1 the second finger of the left hand of the fourth person4 ,when the number of the person wearing the ring is above #i1 the remainder will stand in four figures instead of three2 in that case the first two will indicate the person4 ,like all games of mental calculation1 the more quickly this is done the better4 ,,flying4 ,to play this game well it is necessary that there should be a good spokesman in the company1 who will find ample opportunity for his gift of eloquence4 ,simple as the game may appear to be1 it is one that is generally played with very great success4 ,each member of the party wishing to take part in it must place the right hand upon the left arm4 ,the leader then intimates that in the discourse with which he intends to favour his friends1 whenever he mentions a creature that can fly1 every right hand is to be raised and fluttered in the air in imitation of a bird flying4 ,at the mention of all animals that cannot fly1 the hands remain stationary4 ,it is1 of course1 needless to say that the leader will do his best to have the hands raised when other animals are mentioned as well as flying ones1 in order that a good number of forfeits may be collected4 ,all being in readiness1 he will begin in a style something like the following3-- ,one lovely morning in ,june ,i sallied forth to take the air4 ,the honey-suckle and roses were shedding a delicious perfume1 the butterflies and bees were flitting from flower to flower1 the cuckoo's note resounded through the groves1 and the lark's sweet trill was heard overhead4 ,it seemed1 indeed1 that all the birds of the air 7here all hands must be raised7 were vieing with each other as to whose song should be the loudest and the sweetest1 when1 c4 ,thus the game is carried on until as many forfeits as are deemed desirable have been extracted from the company4 ,,forfeits4 ,as an evening spent in playing round games would be thought incomplete if at the end of it the forfeits were not redeemed1 so our book of amusements would be sadly lacking in interest if a list of forfeits were not provided4 ,indeed1 many young people think that the forfeits are greater fun than the games themselves1 and that the best part of the evening begins when forfeit time arrives4 ,still1 although we will give a list of forfeits1 it is by no means necessary that in the crying of them none but certain prescribed ones should be used4 ,the person deputed to pronounce judgment on those of his friends who have had to pay the forfeits may either invent something on the spur of the moment1 or make use of what he has seen in a book or may have stored in his memory4 ,originality in such cases is often the best1 simply because the sentence is made to suit1 or rather not to suit1 the victim2 and the object of course of all these forfeit penances is to make the performers of them look absurd4 ,for those players1 however1 who in preference to anything new still feel inclined to adopt the well-known good old-fashioned forfeits1 we will supply a list of as many as will meet ordinary requirements4 #a4 ,bite an inch off the poker4--,this is done by holding the poker the distance of an inch from the mouth1 and performing an imaginary bite4 #b4 ,kiss the lady you love best without any one knowing it4--,to do this the gentleman must of course kiss all the ladies present1 the one he most admires taking her turn among the rest4 #c4 ,lie down your full length on the floor1 and rise with your arms folded the whole time4 #d4 ,kneel to the wittiest1 bow to the prettiest1 and kiss the one you love best4--,these injunctions may1 of course1 be obeyed in the letter or in the spirit1 just as the person redeeming the forfeit feels inclined to do4 #e4 ,put yourself through the keyhole4--,to do this the word ,yourself is written upon a piece of paper1 which is rolled up and passed through the keyhole4 #f4 ,sit upon the fire4--,the trick in this forfeit is like the last one4 ,upon a piece of paper the words1 ,the fire1 are written1 and then sat upon4 #g4 ,take one of your friends upstairs1 and bring him down upon a feather4--,any one acquainted with this forfeit is sure to choose the stoutest person in the room as his companion to the higher regions4 ,on returning to the room the redeemer of the forfeit will be provided with a soft feather1 covered with down1 which he will formally present to his stout companion1 obeying1 therefore1 the command to bring him down upon a feather4 #h4 ,kiss a book inside and outside without opening it4--,this is done by first kissing the book in the room1 then taking it outside and kissing it there4 #i4 ,place a book1 ornament1 or any other very small article on the floor1 so that no one in the room can possibly jump over it4--,the way this is done is to place the article close to the wall4 #aj4 ,shake a sixpence off the forehead4--,it is astonishing how even the most acute player may be deceived by this sixpenny imposition4 ,the presiding genius1 holding in his fingers a sixpence1 proceeds with an air of great importance to fasten the coin upon the forehead of the victim1 by means of first wetting it1 and then pressing it firmly just above the eyes4 ,as soon as the coin is considered to be firmly fixed1 he takes away his hands1 and also the coin4 ,the person operated upon is then told to shake the sixpence down to the floor1 without any aid from his hands1 and so strong generally is the impression made upon the mind of the victim that the sixpence is still on the forehead1 that the shaking may be continued for several minutes before the deception be discovered4 #aa4 ,put one hand where the other cannot touch it4--,this is done by merely holding the right elbow with the left hand4 #ab4 ,kiss the candlestick4--,request a young lady to hold a lighted candle1 and then steal a kiss from her4 #ac4 ,laugh in one corner of the room1 sing in another1 cry in another1 and dance in another4 #ad4 ,leave the room with two legs1 and return with six4--,to do this you must go out of the room1 and come back bringing a chair with you4 #ae4 ,put four chairs in a row1 take off your boots1 and jump over them4--,this task would no doubt appear rather formidable for a young lady to perform1 until she is made to understand that it is not the chairs1 but the boots1 she is expected to jump over4 #af4 ,blow a candle out blindfold4--,this forfeit is very similar to the game1 elsewhere described1 of ,blowing out the ,candle2 still1 there is no reason why it should not take its place among the rest of the forfeits4 ,the victim is blindfolded1 turned round a few times1 and then requested to blow out the light4 ,when the performance is over1 the owner of the forfeit will no doubt have well deserved to have his property returned to him1 for if securely blindfolded the task will have been no easy one4 ,another way of blowing out the candle is to pass the flame rapidly backwards and forwards before the mouth of the player1 who must try to blow it out as it passes1 a method that is almost1 if not quite1 as difficult as the former one4 #ag4 ,the ,german band4--,in this charming little musical entertainment1 three or four of the company can at the same time redeem their forfeits4 ,an imaginary musical instrument is given to each one--they themselves must have no choice in the matter--and upon these instruments they must perform as best they can4 #ah4 ,ask a question1 the answer to which cannot possibly be answered in the negative4--,the question1 of course1 is ,what does y-e-s spell8 #ai4 ,the ,statue4--,the unfortunate individual doomed to redeem his forfeit by acting a statue must allow himself to be placed in one position after another by different members of the company1 and thus remain stationary until permission is given him to alter it4 #bj4 ,the ,sentence4--,a certain number of letters are given to the forfeit-payer1 who must use each one in the order in which it is given him for the commencement of a word4 ,all the words1 when made1 must then form a sentence--placing the words in their proper order exactly as the letters with which they begin were given4 #ba4 ,comparisons4--,the gentleman or lady must compare some one in the room to some object or another1 and must then explain in which way he or she resembles the object1 and in which way differs from it4 ,for instance1 a gentleman may compare a lady to a rose1 because they are both equally sweet2 unlike the rose1 however1 the lady is of course1 without a thorn4 #bb4 ,the ,excluded ,vowels4--,pay five compliments to some lady in the room4 ,in the first one the letter a must not occur1 in the second the letter e must be absent1 in the third there must be no i1 in the fourth no o1 and in the fifth no u4 #bc4 ,kiss your own shadow4--,the most pleasant method of executing this command is to hold a lighted candle so that your shadow may fall on a young lady's face1 when you must take the opportunity of snatching a kiss4 #bd4 ,form a blind judgment4--,the person upon whom the sentence has been passed must be blindfolded4 ,the company are then made to pass before him one by one1 while he not only gives the name of each1 but also his opinion concerning them4 ,not unfrequently the victim has to remain blindfold a very long time1 for even if the name should be guessed correctly1 it is no easy matter to form a just estimate of character1 and unless his ideas meet with the approbation of the company1 his forfeit is withheld from him4 ,great silence must be observed while the ordeal of examination is going on4 ,no one should speak1 and all should step as lightly as possible4 #be4 ,act the dummy4--,you must do whatever any of the company wish you to perform without speaking a single word4 #bf4 ,the telegraphic message4--,send your lover's name by telegram to the other end of the room4 ,to do this you must whisper the favoured name to the person sitting next to you1 who will whisper it to his neighbour1 and so on until every one has been made acquainted with it4 #bg4 ,act the ,prussian soldier4--,this penance is one that is generally performed only by gentlemen4 ,the uniform assumed is usually a coat turned inside out1 a hat made of a twisted newspaper1 a bag of some description for a cartridge-box1 and soot moustaches4 ,holding a walking-stick in a military style1 the penitent goes up to a lady1 presents arms1 and stamps three times with his feet4 ,rising from her seat1 the lady must accompany the gentleman to the opposite side of the room1 then whisper in his ear the name of the gentleman for whom she has a special preference4 ,without speaking the brave ,prussian must march up to the favoured gentleman1 and escort him across the room to the side of the lady who has avowed herself his admirer4 ,the lady is1 of course1 saluted by the object of her choice1 after which she is taken back to the seat she originally occupied4 ,the soldier then1 presenting arms1 returns to the gentleman1 who whispers in his ear a favoured lady's name1 to whom he escorts her admirer4 ,the proceeding is thus carried on1 until some lady is good enough to acknowledge her preference for the soldier himself above all the other gentlemen1 when1 after saluting the lady1 he is at liberty to lay aside his military dress1 and return to his seat4 #bh4 ',twas ,i4--,the victim in this case is unmistakably doomed to occupy a very humiliating position4 ,he must go round the room1 inquiring of each person what object he has seen lately that has particularly attracted his notice4 ,the answer may be--a baby1 a thief1 a donkey2 whatever it is1 the unfortunate redeemer of the forfeit must remark--',twas ,i4 #bi4 ,the acrostic4--,a word is given to you1 the letters of which you must convert into the first letters of a double set of adjectives1 one half expressing good qualities1 the other half bad ones4 ,when complete you may present both good and bad qualities to the person you most admire1 as expressive of your estimate of his or her character4 ,for instance1 should the word given you be ,conduct4 ,if a gentleman1 you might inform your lady that you consider her-- ,c areful4 ,o rderly4 ,n oble4 ,d elightful4 ,u seful4 ,c ompassionate4 ,t idy4 while at the same time you think her to be-- ,c aptious4 ,o bnoxious4 ,n iggardly4 ,d eceitful4 ,u ntidy4 ,c ross4 ,t ouchy4 #cj4 ,the three words4--,the names of three articles are given to you1 when on the spur of the moment you must declare to what use you would put them if they were in your possession for the benefit of the lady you admire4 ,supposing the words to be1 a penknife1 a half-crown1 and a piece of string1 you might say3--,with the penknife ,i would slay every one who attempted to place any barrier between us2 with the half-crown ,i would pay the clergyman to perform the marriage ceremony2 and with the string ,i would tie our first pudding4 #ca4 ,make a perfect woman4--,to do this the player has to select from the ladies present the personal features and traits of character that he most admires in each1 and imagine them combined in one individual4 ,although the task is by no means one of the easiest1 it may be made the opportunity of paying delicate little compliments to several ladies at once4 #cb4 ,show the spirit of contrary4--,the idea in this imposition is the same as in the game of contrary4 ,whatever the player is told to do1 he must do just the contrary4 #cc4 ,give good advice4--,go round the room1 and to every one of the company give a piece of good advice4 #cd4 ,flattering speeches4--,this penance is usually given to a gentleman1 though there is no reason why the ladies should always be exempted from its performance4 ,should it be a gentleman1 however1 he must make six1 twelve1 or as many flattering speeches as he is told to a certain lady1 without once making use of the letter ,l4 ,for instance1 he may tell her she is handsome1 perfect1 good1 wise1 gracious1 or anything else he may choose to say1 only whatever adjective he makes use of must be spelt without the letter ,l4 #ce4 ,the deaf man4--,this cruel punishment consists in the penitent being made to stand in the middle of the room1 acting the part of a deaf man4 ,in the meantime the company invite him to do certain things1 which they know will be very agreeable to him4 ,to the first three invitations he must reply--,i am deaf2 ,i can't hear4 ,to the fourth invitation he must reply--,i can hear2 and1 however disagreeable the task may be1 he must hasten to perform it4 ,it is needless to say the company generally contrive that the last invitation shall be anything but pleasant4 #cf4 ,act the parrot4--,the player condemned to this penance must go round the room1 saying to every one of the company--,if ,i were a parrot1 what would you teach me to say8 ,no end of ridiculous things may be suggested1 but the rule is that every answer shall be repeated by the parrot before putting another question4 #cg4 ,make your will4--,the victim in this case is commanded to say what he will leave as a legacy to every one of his friends in the room4 ,to one he may leave his black hair1 to another his eyebrows1 to another 7perhaps a lady7 his dress coat1 to another his excellent common sense1 to another his wit1 and so on until every one in the room has been remembered4 #ch4 ,spell ,constantinople4--,this trick1 as most people are aware1 consists in calling out ,no1 no6 to the speller when he has got as far as the last syllable but one4 ,thus he begins3--,c-o-n con1 s-t-a-n stan1 t-i ti4 ,here voices are heard crying ,no1 no6 which interruption1 unless the victim be prepared for it1 may lead him to imagine that he has made a mistake4 #ci4 ,the natural historian4--,go to the first player1 and ask him to name his favourite animal4 ,whatever animal he may mention1 you must imitate its cry as loudly as you can4 ,you then ask the second player to do the same1 and so on until you shall have imitated all the animals mentioned1 or until the company shall declare that you deserve to have your forfeit returned to you4 #dj4 ,the blind dancers4--,among players who are not anxious to prolong the ordeal of forfeit crying any longer than is necessary1 the following method of redeeming several forfeits at once may be acceptable3--,eight victims are chosen to be blindfolded1 and while in this condition are requested to go through the first figure of a quadrille4 #da4 ,the cats' concert4--,this is another method of redeeming any number of forfeits at once4 ,the players who have their forfeits to redeem are requested to place themselves together in a group1 when1 at a given signal from the leader1 they all begin to sing any tune they like4 ,the effect1 as may well be imagined1 is far from soothing4 #db4 ,spelling backwards4--,spell some long word1 such as hydrostatics1 c41 backwards4 ,,giant4 ,the wonderful performance known as the ,giant is accomplished by the united efforts of two gentlemen1 one of whom takes his position on the shoulders of the other1 sitting of course with one leg on each side of his companion's neck4 ,cloaks1 rugs1 or coats of any description are then arranged round the two figures in order to hide the real state of things1 so that when the ,giant makes his appearance nothing is to be seen but one huge figure4 ,the lower gentleman who supports his friend is expected to do little more than patiently to carry his burden1 though he may be called upon to exert himself a little in the way of dancing should the ,giant feel so inclined4 ,the talking and gesticulating business all devolves upon the gentleman perched aloft1 who may wear a mask1 paint his face1 or do anything else of the kind1 to avoid being identified by the company4 ,,the ,,giraffe4 ,a very good imitation of a ,giraffe may be contrived1 on the same principles as those adopted in constructing the ,baby ,elephant4 ,provided with an animal's head as nearly like that of a ,giraffe as possible1 no more difficulty need be feared4 ,first of all1 the head must be fastened to the end of a long stick4 ,one of two performers must then hold the stick aloft while his companion1 standing close behind1 must place himself in a stooping position1 so as to make the outline of his own person like that of the lower part of the ,giraffe's body4 ,the long stick will of course form the neck of the animal1 and the first performer will form the front part of the body4 ,a cloth is then pinned round the stick and round the bodies of the two performers1 leaving the legs1 of course1 to represent the legs of the ,giraffe4 ,a rope tail must be stuck in by some means or other1 and if cleverly managed1 it is astonishing what an excellent imitation of the real animal can thus be manufactured4 ,,the ,,grand ,,mufti4 ,one person is appointed to have the dignity of ,grand ,mufti conferred upon him1 which means that1 whatever ridiculous action he may choose to perform1 that is preceded by the words1 ,thus says the ,grand ,mufti1 every one else must follow his example4 ,nothing that he does1 however1 unaccompanied by these words1 is to be regarded2 he may laugh1 sneeze1 throw up his arms1 or do anything else equally absurd1 no one must imitate what he does1 unless he has uttered the words1 ,thus says the ,grand ,mufti4 ,in order to lead the company astray1 and that more forfeits may be paid1 the ,mufti will no doubt occasionally alter the order of the words1 or change them in some way2 but all must be on the alert1 and remain perfectly silent and motionless1 whatever the ,mufti either says or does1 unless he has been pleased in the first instance to utter the proper words in their right order4 ,,hands4 ,in this game the company generally divides into two parts1 half being players1 while the rest do the work of guessing4 ,a thimble is then produced by one of the party1 or something equally small1 that may be easily held in the hand4 ,seated by the side of the table the players begin passing on the article from hand to hand4 ,when the working has been done sufficiently1 the closed hands are all placed on the table for the opponents sitting opposite to guess in succession whose hand holds the treasure4 ,as soon as the hiding-place is discovered1 the opposite side take their turn4 ,,he ,,can ,,do ,,little ,,who ,,can',t ,,do ,,this4 ,this simple game has been a puzzler to young people many and many a time4 ,with a stick in the left hand the player thumps on the floor1 at the same time saying1 ,he can do little who can't do this4 ,then1 passing the stick into the right hand1 he gives it to the next person1 who1 if unacquainted with the game1 will1 no doubt1 thump with the right hand4 ,of course1 it is most natural to use the right hand for everything1 consequently few people suspect that the secret of the game lies in simply taking the stick with your right hand when it is passed to you1 but knocking with your left4 ,,hiss ,,and ,,clap4 ,in this game1 the gentlemen are all requested to leave the room1 when the ladies take their seats1 leaving a vacant place on the right side of every one for the gentlemen of their choice4 ,each gentleman in turn is then summoned1 and asked to guess which lady he imagines has chosen him for her partner4 ,should he guess rightly he is allowed to take his seat by the lady who has chosen him1 while the company loudly clap hands1 in proof of their congratulations on his success2 but should he guess wrongly1 he will be only too glad to disappear from the scene1 so loud will be the hisses of his friends4 ,,hot ,,boiled ,,beans4 ,in this game some small article is to be hidden1 the player who has to find it being sent out of the room while the hiding is being effected4 ,this being done1 the invitation1 ,hot ,boiled ,beans and ,bacon1 make haste and come to supper1 is given1 upon which the searcher returns to the room and begins to hunt for the hidden article4 ,the progress of the player is usually announced by assuring him that he is very cold1 cold1 warmer1 warm1 hot1 very hot1 or burning1 according as he is far from or near to the article to be discovered4 ,,hot ,,cockles4 ,a game not unlike ,shadow ,buff is that known by the peculiar title of ,hot ,cockles4 ,a handkerchief is tied over the eyes of one of the company1 who then lays his head on a chair1 as if he were about to submit to the punishment of being beheaded1 and places his hand on his back with the palm uppermost4 ,any of the party come behind him and give him a slap on his open hand1 he in the meantime trying to discover whose hand it is that strikes4 ,,house ,,furnishers4 ,in this game the company are to imagine themselves a number of hosts and hostesses who are expecting the arrival of some friends1 for whose reception they are totally unprepared1 as far as provisions and household arrangements are concerned4 ,accordingly1 each one must volunteer to set out immediately1 in order to procure some particular article4 ,first of all1 the rooms must be furnished with tables1 chairs1 beds1 bedsteads1 curtains1 carpets1 and fire-irons2 then knives1 forks1 and crockery of every kind must be obtained2 and lastly1 a good supply of provisions--meat1 wine1 ale1 fruit1 vegetables1 sugar1 coffee1 tea--indeed1 everything that would conduce to the comfort of the coming visitors4 ,every made article must come direct from the place where it has been manufactured1 as must also the articles of produce from their native soil4 ,,how ,,do ,,you ,,like ,,your ,,neighbour8 ,the company must seat themselves round the room1 leaving plenty of space in the middle for passing to and fro4 ,one person left standing then begins the game by putting the question1 ,how do you like your neighbour8 to any one he pleases4 ,the answer must be either ,not at all or ,very much4 ,should the reply be ,not at all1 the lady or gentleman is requested to say what other two members of the company would be preferred instead as neighbours1 when the new neighbours and the old must immediately change places4 ,during the transition the questioner may endeavour to secure a seat for himself1 leaving out one of the four who have been struggling for seats to take the place of questioner4 ,when the reply ,very much is given1 every one in the room must change places4 ,the questioner1 therefore1 will easily find a seat for himself1 and the person left standing must take his place as interrogator4 ,,how1 ,,when1 ,,and ,,where8 ,in this game1 like the last1 a word is chosen by the company1 containing as many meanings as possible1 the person who has volunteered to be the questioner having previously gone out of the room4 ,on being recalled1 the person who has been out begins by asking each of his friends how they like it4 ,supposing the word cord to have been chosen1 the first player might answer slight1 the next sweet1 meaning chord1 the next loud1 the next strong1 and so on until all have said how they liked it4 ,the questioner then recommences his interrogations at the first player by inquiring ,when do you like it8 ,replies to this question something like the following may be given3--,when ,i am preparing to take a journey2 ,when ,i am in church2 ,when ,i am driving2 ,when ,i feel musical4 ,then to the last question--,where do you like it8 the company may reply--,in a piano2 ,in the garden2 ,not round my neck2 ,always at hand1 c4 ,no doubt long before all the questions have been answered the word that has been chosen will have been discovered4 ,,hunt ,,the ,,ring4 ,the game of ,hunt the ,ring is perhaps better liked than ,hunt the ,slipper1 on account of its being in the estimation of most people more convenient and manageable4 ,either a ring or a small key may be used for the purpose4 ,whichever it is1 a string must be passed through it1 and the ends fastened in a knot1 forming thus a circular band4 ,the company then stand in a circle1 allowing the string to pass through the hands of each person1 and enabling every one to slide the ring easily along from one to the other4 ,the object of the player standing inside the circle is to stop it in its progress1 which1 in most cases1 he finds a rather difficult task4 ,the game is also frequently played without any string1 when every one tries1 of course1 to pass the ring round very rapidly1 without being detected by the hunter4 ,,hunt ,,the ,,slipper4 ,this surely must be one of our oldest games1 and one1 no doubt1 that our grandmothers and grandfathers played at when they were children4 ,the players all seat themselves1 like so many tailors1 on the floor in a ring1 so that their toes all meet4 ,a slipper 7the smaller the better7 is then produced1 and given by the person outside to one sitting in the circle1 with instructions that it must be mended by a certain day4 ,finding it not finished at the time appointed1 the pretended owner declares that he must have it as it is1 and thereupon commences the hunt4 ,how it is carried on is no doubt too well known to need further explanation4 ,,hunt ,,the ,,whistle4 ,this game is always successful1 and a source of very great amusement if only some one ignorant of the secret can be found who will volunteer to act as hunter4 ,such person is first requested to kneel down while some lady goes through the ceremony of conferring upon him the order of knighthood4 ,during the process1 the whistle1 attached to a piece of ribbon1 is pinned to the coat of the newly-made knight4 ,he is then told to rise and go in quest of the whistle1 which is in the possession of one of the party4 ,the hunt now begins1 the players all trying to deceive their victim in every way imaginable1 and to make him think that they are passing the whistle from one to another4 ,on every possible occasion1 of course1 the whistle should be sounded1 until the deluded knight has made the discovery that the object of his search is fastened to himself4 ,i ,,apprenticed ,,my ,,son4 ,the shortest way of describing this game will be to give an illustration of the manner in which it is played4 ,john3 ,i apprenticed my son to a grocer1 and the first thing he sold was half-a-pound of ,c4 ,nellie3 ,coffee8--,no4 ,sam3 ,cocoa8--,no4 ,tom3 ,cayenne ,pepper8--,no4 ,edith3 ,chicory8--,yes4 ,edith being the guesser of the right article1 is entitled to be the next to apprentice her son4 ,one guess only in turn is allowed to each player4 ,i ,,love ,,my ,,love4 ,i ,love my ,love is played alphabetically1 like ,cupid is ,coming1 though more ingenuity is required in it1 simply because a number of words1 instead of one adverb only1 have quickly to be conjured up4 ,in order to show clearly how the game is played1 we will imagine ourselves to be the first of the players1 who would have to proceed in a manner something like the following3--,i love my love with an ',a1' because she is amiable2 ,i hate her with an ',a1' because she is arrogant4 ,i took her to the sign of the ,angel1 and treated her to ,apples and ,apricots4 ,her name is ,annie1 and she comes from ,australia4 ,the next player takes ,b1 the next ,c1 and so on1 until the whole of the alphabet has been gone through4 ,this simple game must be one of no recent invention if the tale be true told by ,mr4 ,foote1 the celebrated wit4 ,he narrates that one day the ,ladies ,cheere1 ,fielding1 and ,hill were amusing themselves by playing at the children's game of ,i love my love4 ,lady ,cheere began by saying1 ,i love my love with an ,n1 because he is a ',night' 7,knight72 ,lady ,fielding followed with1 ,i love my love with a ,g1 because he is a ',gustus' 7,justice72 and ,lady ,hill added1 ,i love my love with an ,f1 because he is a ',fizishun' 7,physician74 ,so much for the spelling powers of the ladies in the olden times4 ,,jack',s ,,alive4 ,no one at all inclined to be slow in their movements need offer to take part in the game of ,jack's ,alive1 for quickness and promptitude of action are indispensable to its success4 ,a piece of paper1 or1 better still1 a long piece of firewood1 is put into the fire until it is in a blazing condition when taken out4 ,the first player1 blowing out the flame1 passes it to his neighbour1 saying1 ,jack's alive4 ,it is then passed on to the next1 and to all the company in succession1 each one trying to get rid of it before the spark has died out4 ,every one to whom it is offered must take it immediately the words ,jack's alive are uttered1 or a forfeit must be paid2 and the one in whose hands ,jack really expires must produce a forfeit4 ,in some cases boys have actually been known1 when playing at this game1 to improve each other's appearance by marking black moustaches and eyebrows1 c42 but as such proceedings have nothing whatever to do with the real ,jack's ,alive1 we feel sure that none of our readers will ever practise this foolish habit4 ,,the ,,jolly ,,miller4 ,the ,jolly ,miller is a game that may be played either in the open air or in the drawing-room1 therefore it may be allowed to take its place among the list of round games4 ,not being generally considered1 however1 one of the most refined of recreations1 a good large empty room1 or a servants' hall1 will be quite as suitable for its performance as the drawing-room4 ,each gentleman chooses a lady for a partner1 excepting one who may be kind enough to volunteer to be the miller4 ,this solitary one takes his stand in the middle of the room1 while his companions in couples arm in arm walk round him singing the following lines3-- ,there was a jolly miller who lived by himself4 ,as the wheel went round he made his wealth2 ,one hand in the copper and the other in the bag1 ,as the wheel went round he made his grab4 ,at the word grab every one must change partners1 and while the transition is going on the miller has the opportunity given him of securing for himself one of the ladies4 ,should he succeed in doing so1 the one necessarily left without a partner must take the place of the ,jolly ,miller1 when he1 like his predecessor1 must occupy his lonely position until he is fortunate enough to steal a young lady from one of his friends4 ,,judge ,,and ,,jury4 ,the first thing to be done in this game is to select a judge and three jurymen4 ,a piece of paper is then given to each of the remaining company1 who1 after due consideration1 must write down the name of some one in history1 the incidents of whose life they recollect sufficiently to be able to narrate4 ,all having made their selection1 the papers are presented to the judge1 who calls upon one after another to submit to an examination4 ,supposing the first player to have chosen ,guy ,fawkes1 he would be asked in what year he was born1 in whose reign1 to what country he belonged1 what he did to make himself remarkable1 what great men were his contemporaries1 and anything else that might occur to the judge4 ,no one1 of course1 with a superficial knowledge of history should accept the position of judge1 nor yet that of juryman4 ,if agreeable to the company1 living characters may be personified1 still historical ones are generally the most interesting1 and it is astonishing how much instruction as well as real amusement may be drawn from the game4 ,,the ,,magic ,,answer4 ,it is necessary that this game should be understood by two of the company who mean to take the lead in it1 and that an agreement should be made between them as to what course to pursue4 ,one of these leaders goes out of the room while the rest of the company choose a word for him to guess on his return4 ,the agreement made is that the word thought of shall be named immediately after the mention of anything with four legs4 ,therefore the conversation carried on between the two actors in the ceremony would be something like the following3-- ,q4 ,was the word thought of a tree8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,was it a book8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,was it a canary8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,was it the ,queen8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,was it a river8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,was it a rabbit8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,was it a purse8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,,magical ,,music4 ,this is a game in which music is made to take a prominent part4 ,on one of the company volunteering to leave the room1 some particular article agreed upon is hidden4 ,on being recalled1 the person1 ignorant of the hiding-place1 must commence a diligent search1 taking the piano as his guide4 ,the loud tones will mean that he is very near the object of his search1 and the soft tones that he is far from it4 ,another method of playing the same game is for the person who has been out of the room to try to discover on his return what the remainder of the company desire him to do4 ,it may be to pick up something from the floor1 to take off his coat1 to look at himself in the glass1 or anything else as absurd4 ,the only clue afforded him of solving the riddle must be the loud or soft tones of the music4 ,,the ,,magic ,,hats4 ,though the following trick cannot exactly be designated a ,round ,game1 it may be performed by one of the company with great success during an interval of rest from playing4 ,the performer begins by placing his own hat1 along with another which he has borrowed1 on the table1 crown upwards4 ,he then requests that the sugar-basin may be produced1 from which on its arrival a lump is selected and given to him4 ,taking it in his fingers he promises1 by some wonderful process1 that he will swallow the sugar1 and then1 within a very short time1 will let its position be under one of the two hats on the table1 the company may decide which hat it shall be4 ,it is generally suspected that a second lump of sugar will be taken from the basin1 if it can be done without observation1 consequently all eyes are fixed upon it4 ,instead of that1 after swallowing the sugar the performer places the selected hat upon his own head1 thus1 of course1 fulfilling his undertaking4 ,,the ,,magic ,,wand4 ,this being a game of mystery1 there is not only a peculiar charm attached to it on that account1 but it can also be made exceedingly attractive by the voluntary artistic movements of the performer4 ,as in the ,resting ,wand1 not only the leader must understand the game1 but one of the company also must be in league with him1 so that the two may understand each other1 and work together4 ,the person thus acting with the leader announces to the company that he will retire while a word is fixed upon1 to be written on the floor when he returns by means of the magic wand4 ,this done1 a word is chosen1 the person who retired is summoned1 and the performance commences4 ,the leader then begins by flourishing his wand in the air1 and imitating as much as possible the tricks of a conjuror4 ,he also makes an appearance of writing on the floor1 at the same time speaking to his friend in short sentences4 ,the letter at the beginning of the first sentence must be the first consonant of the word that has been chosen by the company1 the second consonant must be at the beginning of the second sentence1 and so on2 the vowels occurring between being expressed by thumps on the floor with the wand4 ,a is expressed by one thump1 ,e by two thumps1 ,i by three1 ,o by four1 and ,u by five thumps4 ,one good decided thump at the end signifies that the word is complete4 ,an illustration will1 perhaps1 best explain our meaning4 ,we will suppose the word ,christmas to have been chosen4 ,if so1 the performer might first begin by waving his stick aloft1 then he must commence writing1 as if with great care1 on the ground1 at the same time remarking1 ,come quickly1 fellow-worker1 and prepare for thy duty4 ,here must be a slight pause1 followed by the second sentence4 ,how difficult thy task will be1 ,i dare not tell4 ,another pause1 then the third sentence4 ,remember1 nothing can be really well done without labour4 ,we have now got ,c ,h ,r4 ,i being the next letter1 is represented by three loud thumps with the stick4 ,the conjuror here1 assuming a puzzled air1 might observe1 ,surely we shall not be baffled4 ,a pause1 and then1 ,trust me1 ,i will help all ,i can4 ,after another pause1 ,mark my wand with care4 ,the letter ,a coming now1 one good thump is given on the floor2 then1 with the words ,speak quickly1 friend1 say the word1 followed by one good thump1 the mysterious business is concluded1 the accomplice1 no doubt1 easily detecting that ,christmas was the word chosen4 ,,the ,,minister',s ,,cat4 ,this is a game that is played alphabetically1 in a manner somewhat resembling ,cupid is coming and ,i love my love4 ,the first player begins by saying1 ,the minister's cat is an ambitious cat1 the next an artful cat1 and so on1 until all have named an adjective beginning with ,a4 ,the next time of going round the adjectives must begin with ,b1 the next time ,c1 and so on until the whole of the alphabet has been gone through4 ,,mixed-,,up ,,poetry4 ,a great amount of fun may be obtained from this game of mixing up poetry1 which is nothing more than selecting lines from different authors1 and arranging them so as to make rhyme4 ,the specimen below1 prepared by ,kitty ,carrol1 will illustrate our meaning3-- ,there was a sound of revelry by night1 ,away down south where ,i was born2 ,let dogs delight to bark and bite1 ,cows in the meadow and sheep in the corn4 ,a chieftain to the ,highlands bound1 ,his father's hope1 his mother's joy1 ,found something smooth and hard and round1 ,john ,brown's little ,indian boy4 ,man wants but little here below1 ,oats1 peas1 beans1 and barley2 ,this world is all a fleeting show1 ,over the water to ,charley4 ,there is a calm for those who weep ,in famous ,london town2 ,little ,bo ,peep she lost her sheep-- ,the bark that held a prince went down4 ,john ,gilpin was a citizen ,from ,india's coral strand2 ,far from the busy haunts of men ,there is a happy land4 ,hark from the tombs a doleful sound2 ,dear1 dear1 what can the matter be8 ,shake the forum round and round1 ,come to the sunset tree4 ,,musical ,,chair4 ,it is no use attempting to play this game in anything but a good-sized room2 and1 if possible1 chairs that may be easily moved and not soon broken should be chosen4 ,supposing there are fifteen players1 fourteen chairs must be placed in the middle of the room1 every alternate one having the seat the same way1 and upon these the players must seat themselves4 ,one person1 therefore1 is left standing4 ,the music then begins1 when the owners of the seats all march round until the music stops1 which it is generally made to do unexpectedly2 at this instant each person tries to secure a chair4 ,necessarily one player is left without a seat2 he is considered out1 and1 in addition1 he must pay a forfeit4 ,one of the chairs is then taken away1 and the game proceeds1 a chair being removed every time the music stops4 ,one unfortunate person is always left out in the cold1 until at last one chair is struggled for by the two remaining players1 and the successful one of these is considered to have earned the right to pronounce judgment on such as have had to pay forfeits4 ,,my ,,master ,,has ,,sent ,,me ,,unto ,,you4 ,no better game than this can be chosen by those who are partial to a little gentle exercise4 ,sitting in order round the room1 the first player begins by saying to his neighbour1 ,my master has sent me unto you1 at the same time working away with the right hand as if hammering on his knee4 ,the person to whom this remark is made must reply ,what to do8 ,in answer to which the first player says1 ,to work with one as ,i do4 ,the second player1 then working in the same way1 must turn to his neighbour on the left1 and carry on the same conversation with him1 and so on1 until every one in the room is working away with the right hand4 ,the second time of going round the order is given to work with two hands2 after that with one foot as well1 then with two feet1 and last of all with the head4 ,should any one be detected not keeping both feet1 hands1 and head in constant motion while the game is going on1 a forfeit can be demanded4 ,,nouns ,,and ,,questions4 ,see ,crambo4 ,,the ,,object ,,game4 ,the party first divides itself into two equal parts4 ,one person from each side is chosen to go out of the room1 and1 after consulting together1 they fix upon any object they like for the rest to guess4 ,the company then seat themselves in two distinct circles1 sufficiently apart to prevent the remarks made in one circle from being overheard by those in the other4 ,the two representatives are now summoned1 and requested to take their places1 one in each group1 when a race begins as to which group shall first find out what object of thought has been fixed upon4 ,the rule is that the number of questions asked should be limited to twenty1 though in many cases it is impossible to adhere to this restriction2 while1 on the other hand1 the object is frequently guessed before the whole twenty questions have been asked4 ,no restriction is placed upon the objects to be thought of--a drop of water1 a ray of light1 a crab's claw1 a nail in the boot of some great man1 or anything else may be chosen4 ,the object of the game is1 of course1 to make the guessing as difficult as possible1 so that the struggle as to who shall be the winners may be a hard one4 ,,the ,,old ,,soldier4 ,the game of ,old ,soldier1 though unmistakably an old one1 is always welcome1 especially to the little people4 ,one of the company stands up and personifies for the time the character of an old soldier1 who is destitute1 ragged1 and hungry4 ,he goes round the room asking each one in turn for relief1 the rule being that in the answers given to him the words ,yes1 ,no1 ,black1 or ,white must not be mentioned1 neither must any hesitation be allowed4 ,want of promptness in a reply must be atoned for by the payment of a forfeit1 just as much as would the mention of one of the forbidden words4 ,,oranges ,,and ,,lemons4 ,two of the company1 one supposed to be an ,englishman and the other a ,frenchman1 stand face to face1 holding each other's hands so as to form a kind of bridge for the rest to pass under one by one4 ,as the company pass under the bridge1 the couple holding hands sing the following well-known rhyme3-- ,oranges and ,lemons1 ,say the bells of ,st4 ,clement's4 ,you owe me five farthings1 ,say the bells of ,st4 ,martin's4 ,when will you pay me8 ,say the bells of ,old ,bailey4 ,when ,i grow rich1 ,say the bells of ,shoreditch4 ,when will that be8 ,say the bells of ,stepney4 ,i'm sure ,i don't know1 ,says the great bell of ,bow4 ,gay go up and gay go down ,to ring the bells of ,london ,town4 ,just as the last player reaches the bridge1 the bridge-holders utter the words-- ,here comes a candle to light you to bed1 ,and here comes a chopper to chop off your head4 ,at the same time keeping the last player a prisoner4 ,the captive is then asked whether he will be ,english or ,french1 and according to his decision he is placed behind either the ,frenchman or the ,englishman4 ,going round to their original starting place1 the company again all pass under the bridge1 while the rhyme is again being sung1 the last one in the file1 like his predecessor1 being also detained and made a prisoner1 and being compelled1 too1 to choose which country he will fight for4 ,thus the game proceeds until all have1 one by one1 been captured1 and consequently two long lines have been formed of ,englishmen and ,frenchmen4 ,the grand conclusion consists in these two powers vieing with each other as to which is the stronger1 the test being that those who can pull their opponents from their position have won the game4 ,,original ,,sketches4 ,each person must be supplied with paper and pencil4 ,at the top of the paper a small sketch is then drawn by every one1 representing some historical incident1 either from ,english or foreign history1 or any other subject chosen4 ,the proper way is for the subject to be announced as soon as the papers are delivered1 but1 if preferred1 no restriction of any kind need be placed upon the artists2 all may draw whatever they like4 ,we need not remark that the latter method renders the guessing business a much more difficult affair4 ,on the sketches being completed1 each player passes his paper to his left hand neighbour1 who1 after closely examining it1 writes down at the bottom of the paper what he imagines the drawing is meant to represent4 ,the paper is then folded over so as to conceal the writing1 and passed on again to the left1 every player examining each sketch as it reaches him1 and putting down what he thinks it is intended for2 but on no account must any one look at what has already been written4 ,as soon as the sketches have been scrutinised and pronounced upon by every player1 they are collected1 and the various opinions are read aloud4 ,,our ,,old ,,grannie ,,doesn',t ,,like ,,tea4 ,after being seated in order1 the first player announces the fact that ,our old ,grannie doesn't like ,tea4 ,the person sitting next inquires what it is the old lady likes in preference1 the answer to the question1 if right1 will name some article in which the letter ,t does not occur4 ,for instance1 if ,grannie can't eat potatoes1 or carrots1 or vegetables1 she may still be passionately fond of peas and beans and cauliflowers4 ,coffee and cocoa1 too1 she is able to drink1 although tea has the effect of giving her indigestion and making her frightfully ill4 ,,pairs4 ,great fun may be extracted out of this game1 and it is admirably adapted to boys who 7as most of us know7 seem to take an intense delight in making each other appear ridiculous4 ,each gentleman is requested to choose a partner for himself4 ,should ladies be among the company1 it is needless to say that the game will be all the more interesting1 especially if there be a sufficient number to provide a lady for each gentleman4 ,one gentleman alone1 who personates a lawyer1 walks up and down the room in front of the various couples1 asking questions of any one he pleases4 ,the answers to his questions must be answered1 however1 not by the person addressed1 but by his or her partner4 ,it may1 therefore1 be easily imagined what inappropriate replies may be given4 ,for instance1 the lawyer may ask a lady what is her favourite occupation4 ,the lady's partner1 who must answer the question while she herself remains perfectly silent1 may say dressing dolls1 cricketing1 playing leap-frog1 or anything else equally wide of the mark4 ,the lady must patiently hold her tongue1 or incur the penalty of paying a forfeit4 ,those who feel themselves libelled1 however1 by the remarks made about them by their partners1 have the satisfaction of knowing that they will most likely have the opportunity of retaliating before the game is over1 because when their turn comes to answer the questions addressed to their partners they can give tit for tat4 ,,person ,,and ,,object4 ,two of the company leave the room together1 and after due consultation agree to think of some particular person1 either historical or otherwise1 and about whom they shall be prepared to answer any question which may be put to them by their friends4 ,not merely1 however1 as in other games1 is some particular person thought of1 but also something belonging to him2 for instance1 part of his dress1 his favourite dog1 his friend1 or perhaps some peculiarity by which he is so well known that it has actually become part of himself2 and on returning to the room1 one of the two who have been absent must represent the person1 and the other the object4 ,in turn they must then submit to be questioned by the company1 who will alternately address themselves1 first to the person1 then to the object4 ,supposing ,mr4 ,gladstone to be the person fixed upon1 his axe might be chosen for the object1 or ,cromwell and his wart1 or ,lord ,beaconsfield and his little curl4 ,while the questioning is going on1 the person must not volunteer any information relative to the object1 neither must the object give any light relative to the person2 each must accurately but briefly speak for himself alone until the company succeed in guessing who and what have been the subject of thought4 ,,the ,,pork-,,butcher4 ,this game is very much like that of the ,spanish ,merchant1 the only difference being that instead of the players representing themselves as ,spanish merchants1 they carry on for the time the business of pork-butchers4 ,the first player begins the game by saying1 ,i have just killed a pig1 and shall be glad to sell portions of it to any of you4 ,what part will you take8 he continues1 addressing his right-hand neighbour4 ,the trick of the game is that whatever part the purchaser shall choose1 the corresponding part on his own person must1 as he names it1 be touched by him4 ,,postman',s ,,knock4 ,this game1 sometimes used as a forfeit1 is played in the following manner3--,first of all1 some one is stationed at the door1 inside the room1 to answer the repeated knocks that will be made4 ,another of the company begins the game by going out of the room1 and presently making himself heard outside as postman1 by giving a double knock4 ,on the door being opened he is asked for whom he has a letter1 and how many pennies the owner will have to pay for it4 ,the person to whom the imaginary letter is addressed must then go outside the room1 and give the postman his fee1 not in pennies1 but in kisses1 after which he must take his turn as postman4 ,,proverbs4 ,in choosing a proverb for this game1 the simpler ones will be found the best1 as those with long1 prominent words are difficult to introduce4 ,one of the company having retired1 a proverb is fixed upon4 ,the absent one is then called in1 when he at once begins by asking a question of each of the company1 the first one of whom must mention in his reply the first word in the proverb2 the second player must mention the second word1 and so on1 until all the words have been brought in4 ,sometimes when the company is large1 the proverb is repeated twice in the same round1 though when this is done the person who is guessing should be told of the arrangement4 ,as soon as the proverb is discovered1 the person whose word gave the clue to the mystery must be the next guesser4 ,,the ,,quaker',s ,,meeting4 ,those of the company who wish to play arrange themselves in a straight line on the floor1 all kneeling on the right knee1 while on the other knee they must have their hands resting and twist their thumbs4 ,their countenances must all wear a very solemn1 woeful appearance2 indeed1 the rule is that should even a smile be detected on the countenance of any one a forfeit can be demanded4 ,the following conversation is then carried on1 each sentence of which1 both question and answer1 must be repeated in turn by every one of the players--all remembering that the utmost gravity must be sustained throughout3-- ,well1 friend1 and how art thou8 ,hast thou heard of ,brother ,obadiah's death8 ,no4 ,how did he die8 ,with one finger up1 7,the player must here cease twisting his thumbs1 and hold up the forefinger of the right hand74 ,with one eye shut1 7,here he must shut the left eye74 ,and shoulder all awry4 ,how did he die8 ,in this way4 ,when the conversation reaches this point the player at the top of the row gives his neighbour a good strong push1 which in time has the effect of precipitating all the players on the floor1 and thus turning the solemn meeting into a very uproarious one4 ,,the ,,resting ,,wand4 ,it is necessary in playing the ,resting ,wand that at least two people should be acquainted with the mystery attached to it1 and that they should make an arrangement with each other beforehand to understand each other's movements4 ,one of these two persons is blindfolded1 and placed with his back to the company1 while his companion1 with a staff in his hand1 stands facing them4 ,the latter of the two then begins an animated conversation with his friends1 trying when talking to them to make frequent mention of their names4 ,stopping occasionally1 he touches some one with the wand1 saying at the same time to his friend1 who is blindfolded1 ,on whom does the wand rest8 ,strangers to the game will not all at once perceive that the wand is always made to rest on the person who was the last but one to speak1 and that it is on account of this arrangement that the blinded person is able to mystify his friends by answering correctly the question1 ,on whom does the wand rest8 ,,retsch',s ,,outlines4 ,to those at all skilled artistically great fun may be extracted in the following manner3--,each person must be provided with a piece of paper and a pencil4 ,upon every paper the owner then scribbles a crooked or straight line of any description and passes it on to the right-hand neighbour4 ,all are then expected to make the line on their paper the foundation for a little picture of some kind2 and although very often the results are exceedingly absurd1 it is possible on the other hand for pretty little sketches to be thus produced4 ,the original outline must be drawn very thickly to distinguish it from the rest of the figure1 as in the woodcut4 ,illustration3 ,,retsch',s ,,outlines4 ,,the ,,reviewers4 ,each player is provided with a piece of paper1 on the top of which must be written by every one the title of some book2 a real title may be chosen or an imaginary one4 ,the papers must then all be folded down1 so that no one but the writer may know what is concealed underneath1 and passed on to the left neighbour4 ,below the fold a second title must be added1 the paper again folded down1 and again passed on to the left4 ,a motto of some kind must come next1 or a piece of poetry2 and1 lastly1 two or three opinions of the press4 ,it perhaps might be as well to observe that the great charm of the game consists in every contributor being ignorant of what has previously been written1 therefore1 the honour of all is depended upon not to look under the folds4 ,a collection of the papers is then made1 and they are read aloud2 the results being something of this description3-- ,a ,,few ,,bright ,,spots ,,in ,,history2 ,,or1 ,,the ,,manx ,,cat4 ,,by ,a4 ,,wiseacre4 ,a thing of beauty is a joy for ever4 ,we would strongly recommend this new and valuable work to all lovers of geology1 as one of the greatest helps they could possibly procure4--,morning ,chronicle4 ,no gentleman's library will be complete until this gem of literature has its place on one of the book-shelves4--,weekly ,gazette4 ,,the ,,wild ,,man ,,of ,,the ,,woods2 ,,or1 ,,love ,,in ,a ,,cottage4 ,,by ,,sam ,,the ,,newsman4 ,england1 with all thy faults ,i love thee still1 ,my country6 ,it would be useless recommending this book for perusal to any one not gifted by nature with the highest of intellectual powers2 no ordinary book could appreciate its hidden depth of meaning4--,westfield ,review4 ,a harmless little book1 well adapted for children4 ,there is nothing to complain of in its moral tendency4--,cornwall ,leader4 ,,john ,,and ,,his ,,twin ,,brother2 ,,or1 ,,life ,,in ,,the ,,arctic ,,regions4 ,be good1 sweet maid1 and let who can be clever2 ,do lovely things1 not dream them1 all day long4 ,we have read this book with intense interest1 and cannot speak too highly of it as a work of art4--,working ,man's ,friend4 ,an invaluable book for young housewives4--,liverpool ,guardian4 ,,rhymes4 ,this game is one that even very young children can understand4 ,one of the company thinks of a word rhyming with another word which he mentions4 ,the aim of the party then is to guess what the word thought of can be4 ,the rule is that no one should give a name to what they guess1 but describe it instead1 and each of the company in turn is entitled to a question4 ,should the word thought of be bag1 rhyming with rag1 the questions must be put thus3-- ,is it a necessary part of a boot-lace8 ,no1 it is not a tag4 ,is it the name of a horse8 ,no1 it is not a nag4 ,is it the name of an elegant horned animal8 ,no1 it is not a stag4 ,is it useful to schoolboys and girls8 ,yes1 it is a bag4 ,,rule ,,of ,,contrary4 ,almost any number may play at this game if1 instead of being supplied with a pocket-handkerchief1 as is generally the case1 a small tablecloth be used instead4 ,all stand round1 and each person takes hold of the cloth with one hand4 ,one person acting as leader1 while holding the cloth with the left hand1 pretends with the right hand to make mysterious characters on the cloth1 at the same time pronouncing the following rigmarole3--,here we go round by the rule of contrary4 ,when ,i say ',hold fast1' you must let go4 ,when ,i say ',let go1' you must hold fast4 ,then crying either ,let go or ,hold fast1 the party must do exactly contrary to what they are told2 any one who should fail to do so must pay a forfeit4 ,,russian ,,gossip4 ,this game is quite as interesting1 and perhaps a little more modern than many of those that have been so long established4 ,first of all1 the young people take their seats next each other in a circle4 ,the one at the end then relates to his neighbour some little incident1 a piece of news he has heard1 an anecdote1 or anything else that may occur to him4 ,the neighbour then relates it to the next person1 who relates it to his neighbour1 and so on until every one of the party has heard the story4 ,the last person who has been communicated with then repeats what has been told him1 and very amusing it generally is to find how totally unlike the original the incident has become1 after being cropped and added to by the different narrators4 ,,the ,,schoolmaster4 ,among stirring games one that is always a success when played with energy is that called ,the ,schoolmaster4 ,the one of the party who volunteers to be master of the ceremony places himself in front of his class1 who are all seated in a row4 ,if agreeable1 he can examine his subjects in all the different branches of education in succession1 or he may go from one to the other indiscriminately4 ,supposing1 however1 he decides to begin with natural history1 he will proceed as follows3--,pointing to the pupil at the top of the class1 he asks the name of a bird beginning with ,c4 ,should the pupil not name a bird beginning with this letter by the time the master has counted ten1 it is passed on immediately to the next1 who1 if successful1 and calls out ,cuckoo or ,crow1 c41 in time1 goes above the one who has failed4 ,authors1 singers1 actors1 or anything else may be chosen1 if the schoolmaster should think proper1 as subjects for examination2 but1 whatever may be selected1 the questions must follow each other with very great rapidity1 or the charm of the game will be wanting4 ,,shadow ,,buff4 ,this game1 if well played1 may be productive of much merriment4 ,a large white sheet is first hung securely on one side of the room1 and on a table some distance behind a very bright lamp must be placed4 ,all other lights being extinguished1 one of the party takes a seat on a low stool between the lamp and the sheet1 but nearer the latter than the former4 ,one after another the company pass behind him1 their shadows of course falling upon the sheet as they pass4 ,it is much more difficult than most people would imagine to guess the original from the shadow1 especially as in this game it is allowable for the players to disguise themselves to some slight extent4 ,gestures of any kind may be practised1 masks may be worn1 false noses1 or anything else of the kind1 to render the work of the guesser more difficult1 for this always tends very considerably to add to the general fun4 ,,shouting ,,proverbs4 ,a game that is much more speedily despatched1 and much more boisterous than the ordinary game of ,proverbs1 is this one called ,shouting ,proverbs4 ,a proverb having been selected1 one word of it is given to each of the company1 which he must shout clearly and distinctly when told4 ,the person to whom the proverb is unknown then stands as near the company as they will permit him1 while he says the words ,charge6 ,present6 ,fire6 ,as soon as he utters the word ,fire6 the party all shout their words together1 and from this confusion of sounds he is expected to guess the proverb4 ,generally the shouting has to be repeated many times before the proverb can be detected4 ,,simon ,,says4 ,in this game an imaginary ,simon is the presiding genius1 and the orders of no one but ,simon are to be obeyed4 ,the leader of the company generally begins by saying1 ,simon says1 ',thumbs up' when every one must immediately obey the command of ,simon or incur the penalty of paying a forfeit4 ,simon may then say1 ,wink your left eye1 ,blow your nose1 ,kiss your neighbour1 or anything equally absurd4 ,whatever ,simon says must be done4 ,no command1 however1 not prefaced by the words ,simon says is to be regarded4 ,with the idea of winning forfeits1 the leader will endeavour to induce the company to do certain things not authorised by ,simon--indeed1 the fun of the game consists in every one doing the wrong thing instead of the right one1 and in having a good collection of forfeits4 ,,the ,,spanish ,,merchant4 ,after seating themselves in order round the room the first player begins by saying to his neighbours1 ,i'm a ,spanish merchant4 ,the neighbour then replies1 ,what do you sell8 ,this question the first player responds to by naming any article1 which at the same time he must touch4 ,for instance1 should he say he sells gold1 he must unobservedly touch some gold article--a piece of money1 a gold ring1 a breast-pin1 or anything else of gold4 ,silk1 cloth1 linen1 carpets1 boots1 glass1 indeed any conceivable thing1 may be articles of merchandise2 the only thing to be remembered is that whatever is chosen must be touched4 ,,the ,,spanish ,,nobleman4 ,the company arrange themselves in a long straight line at one end of the room1 excepting one person1 who is to be the nobleman1 and he must take his place at the other end of the room4 ,advancing to his friends1 the nobleman must then1 sing the following lines3-- ,i am a nobleman from ,spain1 ,coming to court your daughter ,jane4 ,to which the rest reply3-- ,our daughter ,jane is yet too young1 ,she has not learnt her mother's tongue4 ,the nobleman replies3-- ,be she young or be she old1 ,for her beauty she must be sold2 ,so fare you well1 my ladies gay1 ,i'll call again another day4 ,the company then advance singing3-- ,turn back1 turn back1 you noble lord1 ,and brush your boots and spurs so bright4 ,whereupon the ,spanish ,nobleman replies1 with something of rebuke in his tone3-- ,my boots and spurs gave you no thought1 ,for in this land they were not bought1 ,neither for silver nor for gold4 ,so fare you well1 my ladies gay1 ,i'll call again another day4 ,all then advance1 saying3-- ,turn back1 turn back1 you noble lord1 ,and choose the fairest in your sight4 ,the nobleman1 fixing upon--supposing we say ,kitty--then says3-- ,the fairest one that ,i can see1 ,is pretty ,kitty3 come to me4 ,the couple go back hand in hand rejoicing4 ,the whole performance is then re-commenced1 but the second time1 instead of only one nobleman two noblemen advance1 and the rigmarole is gone through again1 ending at last in another companion being induced to join the little band of noblemen4 ,thus the game is carried on1 until in the end all have gradually been won over to the opposite side4 ,,spelling ,,bee4 ,not long ago the excitement about ,spelling ,bees was very great4 ,both publicly and privately these entertainments were held for a very considerable period2 indeed1 none of us felt sure on leaving our homes whether we should not be called upon before our return to spell no end of hard-sounding words that1 hitherto1 we had scarcely heard of or seen4 ,consequently1 the dictionaries were all in demand1 and young people1 instead of giving all their time to light literature1 might have been seen privately hunting up such words as ,phthisical1 sthetics1 ,dithyrambic1 ,isosceles1 and others equally difficult1 in order that they might not be disgraced as bad spellers4 ,now the rage has subsided1 though no doubt the good produced by the ,spelling ,bees is still to be felt4 ,as a ,round ,game1 the ,spelling ,bee is conducted much the same as ,the ,schoolmaster1 elsewhere described4 ,the company take their places as if in class1 going up or down as they acquit themselves creditably in the estimation of their master4 ,the words must of course be made difficult or easy1 to suit the capacities of the spellers4 ,there would be no fun in exposing to general ridicule the ignorance of a boy or girl whom illness may have made more backward in knowledge than his or her schoolfellows4 ,,spoon ,,music4 ,a very good effect may be produced in the following manner3--,the performers who are to assist in the entertainment must each be provided with a wine-glass and a spoon4 ,the accompanying air 7or other7 is then played over1 and when the pianist arrives at the passages marked spoons1 each glass is to be touched lightly on the edge with the spoon4 ,by way of variety1 the second time the air is played clapping of hands may take the place of the spoons2 and the third time whistling may be adopted4 ,the fourth time a good hearty laugh from every one will sound well1 after which the game may begin again with the spoons4 ,the idea suggested may of course be carried out still further4 ,any air may be selected1 the playing of which may be interspersed1 at suitable intervals1 by the jingling of spoons1 laughing1 and whistling4 ,if done with delicacy it is astonishing what a pleasing effect may be produced1 especially if the wine-glasses provided be of thin glass4 ,in the hands of adepts at the game the glass will be in no danger of being broken1 because the more gentle the touch the greater will be the success achieved2 nothing is needed but clear1 gentle ringing notes1 sounded in harmony4 ,music ,,the ,,stage ,,coach4 ,now for a really stirring game1 provided that in the party a few energetic lively young people are to be found4 ,many a hearty laugh has been heard from big people1 as well as little ones1 while the stage coach has rattled along through the rain and snow and sunshine round the drawing-room table4 ,the leader tells every one to assume a name connected in some way with a stage coach4 ,any of the four wheels1 the horses1 the bridles1 the whip1 the windows1 the cushions1 any of the passengers1 or numerous other things1 may be chosen4 ,the objects selected are generally written down on paper1 linked with the name of each owner1 unless it be that the leader can trust to his memory without any such assistance4 ,he then begins his narrative1 which must be as lively and ridiculous as possible1 telling how the stage coach started1 where from1 where it was going1 how many passengers there were1 what they were like1 and so on4 ,the narrator will find that one thing suggests others to his mind2 the difficulty will probably be to narrate every incident that occurred as the conveyance rolled along4 ,we must not forget to say that the greatest part of the fun consists in the jumping up1 twirling round1 and changing seats1 that have to be done while the narrative is proceeding4 ,the names assumed by the company are mentioned as frequently as possible1 each of whom must recognise the call by rising from his seat1 turning round1 and then sitting down again4 ,when the stage coach itself is mentioned by any one all must change places1 the person left without a seat being called upon for a forfeit4 ,,stool ,,of ,,repentance4 ,the players seated round the room1 a stool is placed in the centre1 which one of the company volunteers to occupy while certain charges are being made against him4 ,one person acting as ,lord ,president then goes round the room1 inquiring of each player what charge he or she has to make against the culprit1 who is humbly sitting on the stool of repentance4 ,all the accusations are whispered into the president's ear1 who will do wisely1 should the party be a large one1 to be supplied with paper and pencil1 and attach to each accusation the name of the person who makes it4 ,all being in readiness1 the president then begins by saying1 ,prisoner on the stool of repentance1 you are accused of 7being conceited1 or noisy1 or vain c474 ,can you tell me the name of the person who makes this serious charge against you8 ,should the prisoner guess rightly1 the accuser must pay the forfeit1 and prepare himself to take the place of culprit in the next game2 but1 on the other hand1 should the prisoner guess wrongly1 he must pay the forfeit himself1 and keep his seat on the stool of repentance4 ,it sometimes happens that when the prisoner has at an early stage of the proceedings guessed correctly1 and by so doing has earned his freedom1 he still wishes to hear the rest of the accusations4 ,if such be the case1 he is entitled to have his wish gratified1 being willing1 of course1 to pay a forfeit for every mistake2 and when all have been heard 7if he has succeeded in guessing rightly more than once71 he has the privilege of choosing the next culprit to occupy the seat that he has vacated4 ,,tableaux ,,vivants4 ,in the estimation of some people ,tableaux ,vivants possess even greater attractions than ,charades1 simply for the reason that in their representation no conversational power is required4 ,the performers have to remain perfectly silent1 looking rather than speaking their thoughts2 proclaiming by the attitude in which they place themselves1 and by the expression of their countenances1 the tale they have to tell4 ,to others1 however1 this silent acting is infinitely more difficult than the incessant talk and gesticulation required in ,charade actors4 ,naturally active1 and gifted with a ready flow of words1 the ordeal of having to remain motionless and silent1 for even three or four minutes1 would be equal to the infliction upon themselves of absolute pain4 ,still we must not be led to think that individuals devoid of character are the most eligible to take part in ,tableaux ,vivants2 no greater mistake could be made4 ,the affair is sure to be a failure unless the actors not only have the most perfect command of feeling1 but are able also to enter completely into the spirit of the subject they attempt to depict4 ,it would be useless to expect a lady to personate ,lady ,macbeth who had never read the play1 and who1 therefore1 knew nothing of the motives which prompted that ambitious woman in her guilty career4 ,in order to give effect to the scene the subject must be familiar and thoroughly understood by the actors4 ,there is seldom any difficulty in the selection of subjects4 ,historical remembrances are always acceptable1 and can be made to speak very plainly for themselves1 while fictitious and poetical scenes may be rendered simply charming4 ,speaking from experience1 one of the prettiest ,tableaux ,vivants we ever saw was one taken from ,shakspere's ,winter's ,tale4 ,as soon as the curtain was drawn aside1 ,hermione was seen on a raised pedestal1 so lifeless and calm she might well have been mistaken for marble4 ,before her was standing ,leontes1 an old man1 with his daughter1 ,perdita1 hanging on his arm1 both evidently struck dumb with amazement at the likeness of the ,statue to her who for so many years they had believed to be dead2 while ,camillo1 ,florizel1 and ,polixenes1 also stood gazing in wonder4 ,the good ,paulina1 dressed as a ,sicilian matron1 stood behind the ,statue1 or rather on one side1 as the exhibitor of it4 ,presently were heard strains of gentle music1 when the ,statue stepped gracefully from her elevation1 gave her hand to ,leontes1 and was embraced by him4 ,the curtain here was drawn forward again1 hiding from our sight a picture that ever since has been printed indelibly upon our memory4 ,for comic tableaux scenes from fairyland or from nursery rhymes1 would answer the purpose admirably4 ,some young lady with long hair might be made to be seen kneeling as ,fatima1 before her cruel1 hard-hearted husband1 ,blue ,beard2 he with her hair in one hand1 and a drawn sword in the other1 just about to commit the horrid deed2 the sister meantime straining her eyes out of the window1 to catch sight of her brothers1 who she knows are coming with all speed to the rescue4 ,as to dressing and scenery1 they are matters that must be left to the taste and fancy of the managers of the concern1 who will soon discover that the success of ,tableaux1 even more than ,charades1 depends very greatly upon dress and surroundings4 ,charades speak for themselves1 but ,tableaux are so soon over1 that unless the actors assume somewhat of the dress of the characters they attempt to personate1 the audience would not readily guess the subject chosen4 ,there is little doubt that with both ,charade performers1 and with those who take part in ,tableaux ,vivants1 the assumed dress gives an air of importance to the proceedings which would not otherwise exist1 and acts like a kind of inspiration 7upon young people especially71 making them perhaps more thoroughly lose their own personality in trying to be for a time some one else4 ,,the ,,telescopic ,,giant4 ,another method 7besides that already described7 of making a giant is to fasten a hat to the top of a broom or a long stick1 and then a little below the hat to fix a small hoop to form the shoulders4 ,a very long mantle of some description must then be firmly fastened on as gracefully as possible1 under which a gentleman1 the taller the better1 must take his post1 holding in his hand the stick4 ,as may be imagined1 the result is exceedingly ridiculous1 owing to the giant being able to make himself tall or short1 as it may suit his inclination4 ,at one moment he may shoot himself out to a great height1 then become quite small1 chattering and gesticulating all the time1 to make the affair more comical4 ,,think ,,of ,a ,,number4 ,tell your neighbour to think of any number he likes1 but not to tell you what it is4 ,tell him then to double it2 when he has done that1 let him add an even number to it1 which you yourself must give him2 after doing this he must halve the whole1 then from what is left take away the number he first thought of4 ,when he shall arrive so far1 if his calculations have all been made correctly1 you will be able to give him the exact remainder1 which will simply be the half of the even number you told him to add to his own4 ,,this ,,and ,,that4 ,the trick in this game that must be understood by the two of the company who are to take the leading part in it1 is nothing more than that the word that is to precede the article that has been chosen for guessing4 ,for instance1 one of the two players acquainted with the game goes out of the room while an article is chosen by one of the company as the object to be guessed4 ,the absent one is then recalled1 when the second player acquainted with the game remarks that something in this room has been touched1 and requests him to name the article4 ,do you think it was this music book8--,no4 ,was it the arm-chair8--,no4 ,was it the writing desk8 --,no4 ,was it this chair8--,no4 ,was it that bracket8--,yes4 ,the performance may be repeated until the secret has been discovered4 ,,throwing ,,light4 ,this game is a wonderfully interesting one1 though1 like all others1 its success depends very greatly upon the amount of energy that is thrown into it by the players4 ,a word is chosen to be the subject of conversation by two of the party1 and must be known to themselves only4 ,it should be a word to which several meanings are attached1 so that the remarks made in reference to it may be ambiguous and puzzling to the rest of the company4 ,the two persons who know the word begin a conversation1 referring to the word in all its different meanings1 the others being allowed to add their remarks as soon as they have guessed what the word is4 ,supposing the word fixed upon to have been ,hare1 which is also spelt in another way1 the conversation could be very easily sustained in something like the following style3-- #ast player4--,i saw one the other day when ,i was out driving in the country4 #bnd player4--,i had one sent for a ,christmas box4 #ast player4--,my own is dark brown4 #bnd player4--,and mine is nearly black4 #ast player4--,do you like it hot or cold8 #bnd player4--,between the two1 ,i think4 ,here some one who has discovered the word may remark1 ,don't we read of some one in the ,bible who might have lived longer if he had not possessed quite so much of it8 ,thus the chat runs on until the players1 one by one1 as they guess the word1 are entitled to take part in the conversation4 ,the penalty for making a mistake and joining in the conversation before the right word has been discovered1 is to have a handkerchief thrown over the guilty person's head1 which must be kept on until the word is really found out4 ,the words ,lock1 ,ball 7,bawl71 ,deer1 ,key 7,quay71 ,pen 7,penn71 ,pain 7,pane71 ,boy1 ,handel 7,handle71 ,whale 7,wail71 and similar words with two or three meanings1 are such as will be required4 ,,toilet4 ,we must not forget to name the old-fashioned game of the ,toilet1 which no doubt1 if the truth were known1 came in1 like ,blind ,man's ,buff1 as far back as the time of ,william the ,conqueror4 ,the original idea in connection with it is for each person to fix upon some article indispensable to a lady's dress4 ,her fan1 pocket-handkerchief1 slipper1 scent-bottle1 and so on are chosen1 an article to each player4 ,the leader1 supplied with a wooden trencher1 generally begins by announcing the fact that my lady is invited to a ball1 consequently her wants during the time of dressing will be very numerous4 ,probably the brush and comb will first be called for to dress the lady's hair1 when the owner of these articles must respond to the call by taking up the trencher before it has ceased spinning2 it being the rule that every one who makes a call shall spin the trencher4 ,instead of articles of dress1 flowers have frequently been chosen by young ladies1 each one representing her favourite flower1 and in order to make the game suitable for use among boys it may easily be still further altered1 according to fancy1 the variations of course depending upon the articles chosen4 ,in all round games1 however1 boys and girls generally play together1 and it is usually found that a good girls' game is equally attractive among the boys4 ,it must not be forgotten1 in playing this game of ,toilet1 or ,trencher1 as it is also called1 that when the word ,toilet is used1 or any other word that is fixed upon instead1 every one of the company must change places4 ,should any one fail to do this1 a forfeit can be demanded as a penalty4 ,,the ,,trades4 ,in this game each player chooses some trade4 ,for instance1 one may be a carpenter1 another a gardener1 another a tailor1 and so on4 ,one person must then be nominated ,king1 and at a certain signal from him every one must begin working at the trade he has chosen1 imitating it by action the best way he can4 ,after working for some time1 the ,king may1 if he chooses to do so1 abandon his own trade and take up that of one of the others4 ,should he do this1 every one must stop working1 excepting the person whose trade he has adopted1 and he must work at the ,king's trade instead of his own1 until the ,king is inclined to return to his original occupation1 when all may go on working as before4 ,another game1 quite as interesting as this one1 though not perhaps so well known1 is also played under the name of ,trades4 ,each person fixes upon some trade which1 for the time1 he is supposed to follow4 ,the leader of the game1 or one of the party gifted with inventive faculties1 then commences a narrative in which all the various branches of business occupy a conspicuous place4 ,for instance1 the narrator may recount to the company the amusing adventures of some old lady who set out one morning to do the family shopping4 ,she first called at the butcher's4 7,here the person who has chosen butchering as his trade must immediately1 before ten has been counted1 name a joint of meat27 and having extracted a promise from the butcher 7another joint of meat must here be named7 that her order shall be attended to at once1 she went on to the greengrocer4 7,here the greengrocer must mention something sold by him47 ,she then went on to the baker's1 and having bought all she wanted for dinner1 thought she would call on her way home at the shoemaker's to inquire if her shoes were mended4 ,in a style of this kind the adventures of the old lady may be carried on to any length1 the interest of the game depending1 as in all games1 on the amount of energy thrown into it4 ,the great fun of the game also consists in the trades being mentioned very frequently1 so that every one in the room may feel the necessity of being constantly on the watch1 knowing that the various articles they are supposed to have in stock may at any moment be demanded of them4 ,,the ,,traveller',s ,,alphabet4 ,the players sitting in a row1 the first says1 ,i am going on a journey to ,amsterdam1 or any other place beginning with ,a4 ,the person seated next inquires1 ,what will you do there8 ,the verbs and nouns used in the reply must begin with ,a4 ,the next player must adopt ,b1 the next ,c1 and so on1 until the whole of the alphabet has been gone through2 but perhaps an example will1 best illustrate our meaning3-- ,john4--,i am going on a journey to ,amsterdam4 ,effie4--,what will you do there8 ,john4--,i shall articulate ancient anthems4 ,effie4--,i am going to ,buckingham4 ,will4--,what will you do there8 ,effie4--,i shall bewilder the beautiful butterflies4 ,will4--,i am going to ,cambridge4 ,mary4--,what will you do there8 ,will4--,i shall chase crawling caterpillars4 ,mary4--,i am going to ,dundee4 ,robin4--,what will you do there8 ,mary4--,i shall drown the dreadful dogs4 ,robin4--,i am going to ,eastbourne4 ,nora4--,what will you do there8 ,robin4--,i shall enquire for empty egg-shells4 ,and so on to the end of the alphabet1 or until another game shall be called for4 ,,twenty ,,questions4 ,in this game one person goes out of the room while the rest of the company choose some subject which he will be expected to find out by the time he has asked twenty questions4 ,when he has received the twenty answers to his questions1 should he still be unable to discover the subject of thought1 he must not only produce a forfeit1 but must also for the second time be the one to go out of the room until something else is thought of4 ,before doing so1 however1 the company may kindly allow him to ask a few extra questions1 the answers to which may enlighten him on the first subject4 ,,the ,,two ,,hats4 ,a similar game to this of the ,two ,hats is that known by the name of the ,game of ,contrary1 a description of which will be found on another of our pages4 ,one of the company comes forward holding in his hand two hats1 one of which he places on his own head1 the other he gives to one of his friends4 ,the person to whom the hat is given must from the moment he receives it make every action of his to be exactly opposite to that of the owner of the other hat4 ,for instance1 should the latter sit down his victim must immediately stand up1 should he place the hat on his head his friend must stand bare-headed1 should he take it off the other must put his hat on4 ,this principle of contrary must be carried out to the very utmost1 not only as far as the hats are concerned1 but in every other way imaginable4 ,when once the game is entered upon1 opportunities will readily present themselves of carrying out the original idea1 namely1 that dictated by the rule of contrary4 ,,what ,,am ,i ,,doing8 ,six1 seven1 eight1 or more players take their seats in a straight row4 ,behind them the person chosen to lead the game takes his stand4 ,placing himself exactly behind the player seated on the top chair1 he then begins to conduct himself in the most absurd manner possible2 for instance1 making some ridiculous grimace1 shaking his fist1 or any other comical antic that may suggest itself to him4 ,after doing this for a minute or two1 he then says to the player seated before him1 ,what am ,i doing8 ,should the unfortunate individual be unable to answer correctly he must stand up1 and until permission be given him to desist1 must imitate in silence the antics the nature of which he was unable to discover4 ,more frequently than not the guesses are quite wide of the mark1 consequently the spectacle is most laughable when five or six of the company are all occupying the enviable position above described4 ,,what ,,is ,,my ,,thought ,,like8 ,this is a pleasant fireside game that1 without requiring any very great depth of thought1 is made all the more interesting by the ready wit and natural ability of the players4 ,some particular thing is fixed upon by one of the company as a subject of thought4 ,he then asks each one in turn what his thought is like4 ,they say anything they choose2 a rainbow1 a waterfall1 a monkey1 an umbrella1 or whatever may occur to them4 ,the leader then informs the company what his thought was1 asking each one in turn to draw a resemblance between it and the object fixed upon as a comparison4 ,it not unfrequently happens that the best reply is given by one whose task appears to be the most difficult1 owing to the utter dissimilarity of the two objects compared2 an ingenious player being able to detect some point of resemblance between two things so totally unlike each other as to be almost ridiculous4 ,as instances of really clever and apt answers1 take the following-- ,why is love like a canal boat8 ,because it's an internal transport4 ,why are lovers like apples8 ,because they are often paired4 ,why is a ,scottish dance like bitter beer8 ,because there are so many hops in it4 ,why is the best coal like true love8 ,because it always burns with a steady flame4 ,why is a thought like the sea8 ,because it's a notion 7an ocean74 ,,who ,,was ,,he8 ,this game is not unlike the game of ,person and ,object1 though by many people it is considered superior4 ,the first player begins by mentioning four distinguishing traits of either character or person belonging to some remarkable individual of whom at that present moment he is thinking4 ,supplied with these four facts the company are expected to guess the name of the person at once1 instead of having a number of guesses1 as in similar games of the kind2 indeed1 for every wrong guess a forfeit can be claimed4 ,,the ,,wild ,,beast ,,show4 ,as the leader of this game will require the help of at least two of the party to assist him in his exhibition he should1 if possible1 select those who have already been initiated into the mysteries of the game4 ,retiring with his two or three friends into another apartment1 he will contrive some means of fixing his menagerie behind a large curtain4 ,in the absence of the curtain a kind of temporary screen might easily be fixed1 just to give the whole affair an appearance of importance4 ,on a small table a looking-glass should then be placed1 but must be hidden from view4 ,the leader must then take his post at the door of his establishment1 and in an emphatic manner extol the beauty and value of the animals he has on view1 while his partisans1 crouched behind the curtain and out of sight1 must1 in the meantime1 imitate loudly the cries of different wild animals1 aiming to make the hee-haw of the donkey more conspicuous than any other sound4 ,spectators are invited to enter4 ,on consenting to do so1 each one is asked which animal he would like to see first1 and whatever he says1 he is shown his own image in the mirror4 ,the great aim is to prevail upon the visitors to view the magnificent donkey that is to be heard braying1 when1 of course1 they see nothing but their own face reflected in the looking-glass4 ,this game1 though not one of the most refined1 has had the charm1 we may say1 hundreds of times of causing many a hearty laugh4 ,,yes ,,or ,,no8 ,in this game one person goes out of the room1 while the company fix upon some object for him to discover4 ,on being recalled1 he may ask any number of questions and any kind of questions1 but the answers received by him must be simply ,yes or ,no--nothing more4 ,another way of playing at the game1 which renders it unnecessary for any one to go out of the room1 is for one of the company to think of something4 ,his friends then in turn each ask him a question1 the reply to which must be1 as in the former method1 nothing but ,yes or ,no1 the questions of course continuing until the object of thought has been discovered4 ,,toy ,,games ,,and ,,toy-,,making4 ,in treating the subject of toy games adapted for in-door recreation1 it should be stated at the outset that many of the manufactured and expensive toys which form the groundwork of an almost innumerable number of games are not described with any detail1 because descriptions of these toys with their various uses are invariably supplied to their purchasers1 and further instruction here cannot be needed4 ,to those who can afford to procure a constant supply of new and original toys and games1 no better means of learning of their appearance can be had than is supplied in the catalogues issued1 for the most part gratuitously1 or at a very small cost1 from time to time1 by the leading firms engaged in the toy trade4 ,as to the most simple toys1 particularly those which can be made at home by the exercise of a little skill and ingenuity1 and at small cost1 it should always be remembered that the making of such simple toys is in itself a recreation1 and affords that variety of amusement which makes recreation truly valuable4 ,again1 there are many toys provided by the purveyors of amusements for the youngsters1 which can neither be classified among toy games nor as toy-making2 but it will not be altogether out of place to mention them here by way1 as it were1 of parenthesis4 ,the toys more especially alluded to now are those intended to find occupation for youngsters not blessed with playmates1 or who are sometimes without playmates4 ,there are toy bricks and toy building materials of endless descriptions and varieties4 ,by the way1 a very amusing and ingenious trick may be performed with a box of bricks familiar to all1 that partakes of the simplest character4 ,the bricks referred to are those about two inches long1 an inch wide1 and half an inch thick1 and which are supplied in boxes containing a large quantity of bricks all of that size4 ,if these bricks are set up on end at distances apart of about an inch and a half to an inch and three-quarters1 and the one at either end gently touched1 so as to fall on to the one placed next to it1 the whole set will gradually fall one after the other4 ,the bricks may be arranged serpentine fashion1 winding backwards and forwards like a figure #h or letter ,s2 but provided the distance named is adhered to the result will be the same1 and the effect of two or three hundred bricks leisurely knocking each other down will1 if the figure in which they are set up be well arranged1 have an almost comical appearance4 ,then1 again1 there is the class of toys now known by the name of the originator1 ,crandall's toys1 all of which are made on the principle of fitting parts of the same structure together by joints4 ,these toys are being constantly extended and made more complicated1 and they afford amusement not only to those piecing them together1 but also to a numerous company of on-lookers4 ,among the other leading toys for in-door recreation we would mention ,noah's ,arks1 ,farm ,yards1 ,shops1 ,railways1 ,omnibuses1 ,tram ,cars1 ,wagons1 ,horses 7an endless delight to the very young1 and which may be had in almost any form1 from the simple wooden toy drawn by a handle to that now so common1 and which is mounted on a miniature but well-made tricycle71 animals of all sorts and noises1 singing and talking birds1 miniature toy musical instruments1 and other toys of a never-ending variety made especially for the male portion of the juvenile population1 without mentioning here1 in this ,boys' ,book1 those dolls and other toys intended for the amusement of the boys' sisters and female cousins4 ,as an illustration of the ingenuity of the toy-producers1 it may be stated that among the latest additions to the more expensive of the mechanical toys is that known as the animal album1 of which we give an engraving4 ,this book has represented on the left-hand page the figure of some animal1 and on the right-hand page there is some text descriptive of the creature exhibited4 ,on pulling a small button attached to the book1 the noise or sound peculiar to the animal on the opened page will be emitted from under the opposite leaf4 ,in the woodcut the letterpress facing the portrait of ,chanticleer has been removed to show the mechanism for producing the cries of the various animals4 ,in short1 before proceeding to the description of those toys and toy games selected for more detailed treatment1 it may be observed that the possession of toys is in itself a good thing2 that the making of and making use of them is better2 that the capability of obtaining amusement from those owned1 be they simple or be they complicated1 is better still2 but that it is best of all to be able also to be the means of imparting amusement to those about us4 ,illustration3 ,the ,animal ,album3 a ,talking ,picture-,book4 ,,olian ,,harp4 ,this interesting little toy is best if made on a long box of very thin deal wood1 about four or six inches deep1 a circle an inch and a half in diameter1 in which some small holes are to be drilled1 being marked on the upper side of the box4 ,bridges1 like the bridge of an ordinary violin or fiddle1 are to be fastened on to each end of the upper side1 and over these bridges are to be passed a number of strings of very fine cat-gut4 ,the strings at one end are to be secured in the framework of the box1 and at the other on screw pins1 which are themselves fastened to the box4 ,the strings can then be relaxed or tightened1 as desired1 by turning these pins1 and the notes emitted by the different strings altered and arranged according to fancy4 ,the instrument so made should be blown upon or placed in a current of air where the wind can pass freely over it1 and then1 according to the degrees of strength with which the strings are blown upon1 different sounds will be produced4 ,,animated ,,serpent4 ,the animated serpent is a simple and pretty toy4 ,to make it1 obtain1 if possible1 a piece of thin sheet copper or sheet brass1 and if not1 a piece of card of firm substance1 but not too thick4 ,draw upon the material the form of a coiled-up serpent2 cut out the serpent with the point of a sharp pen-knife1 and fasten a thread through the tip of the tail4 ,when this is done1 fasten to the mantelpiece1 or to some board to be placed thereon1 the other end of the thread1 taking care that the stove register is open4 ,the weight of the serpent's body and head will cause the coils and head to fall below the suspended tail1 and then1 as a current of air is always passing up an open chimney1 the serpent will revolve with more or less rapidity1 according to the strength of the draught of air4 ,it is well that the serpent when made should be striped green1 black1 and yellow1 and should have glass beads1 to represent eyes4 ,any situation in which there is a draught of air will be suitable1 as well as the chimney-piece1 in showing off the toy when made4 ,illustration3 ,animated ,serpent4 ,,annulette4 ,see ,parlour ,croquet4 ,,apple ,,mill4 ,this is a top-toy readily made with a nut1 an apple or potato1 a wooden skewer1 and a piece of string4 ,first procure a good-sized ,spanish or ,barcelona nut1 and through it bore a small hole1 carefully removing all the kernel therefrom1 and then make another small hole in one side of the shell4 ,pare down an ordinary wooden meat-skewer until it is thin enough to pass through the nut at the holes first bored therein1 being careful to leave a head to the skewer at the top to prevent it passing entirely through the nut-shell4 ,a piece of string should next be attached to the skewer at a point just beneath the head1 the opposite end of which is to be passed through the hole in the side of the nut4 ,the string is then to be wound round the skewer as the string is wound round an ordinary humming-top1 leaving a small piece to pull4 ,if an apple or potato is then stuck upon the pointed end of the skewer1 and the string is pulled as when a humming-top is to be spun1 the apple mill1 as made above1 will spin round with considerable velocity4 ,,apple ,,woman4 ,this is an ingenious hand-trick1 and consists in so dressing up the hand as to make it represent an apple woman4 ,illustration3 ,apple ,woman4 ,clench the fist1 holding it knuckles upwards1 covering the top joint of the thumb with the top joints of the fingers4 ,draw on these portions of the forefinger and thumb1 forming the front of the clenched fist1 a face1 using a few bold dots and lines to represent the eyes1 eyebrows1 nose1 c4 ,make a cap to fit the hand1 and drape a pocket-handkerchief over all1 fastening it as a shawl in front4 ,the old woman so made may be made to seem to speak by slightly moving the knuckle of the thumb up and down1 and to smoke by sticking a pipe between the forefinger and the thumb1 the space between which joints will represent the mouth4 ,the above illustration is a fair representation of the apple woman's face1 and a careful inspection will show how the thumb and fingers are to be arranged4 ,,bandilor4 ,this is a toy made of hard wood1 and in appearance is not much unlike a pulley with a very deep groove4 ,a piece of string is to be wound round the groove1 a hole being made in the centre of the wood1 through which the end of the string has first to be secured4 ,in playing with the toy1 the loose end of the string is to be held between the forefinger and thumb1 and the grooved piece of wood is to be let fall4 ,the string is thus unwound1 and if the fall of the wood is suddenly checked by a sharp jerk1 the ,bandilor will commence to rise1 and in this way may be made to continue alternately descending and ascending for a considerable time4 ,this toy is sometimes known by the name of ,quiz4 ,,battledore ,,and ,,shuttlecock4 ,this is a game equally for in-door and out-door recreation1 but as the mode of playing and the materials are fully described in ,,cassell',s ,,book ,,of ,,sports ,,and ,,pastimes1 it is only necessary here to refer the reader to that work4 ,,bell ,,and ,,hammer4 ,see ,schimmel4 ,,bird ,,whistles4 ,whistles to imitate the songs of birds may be readily made in different ways4 ,remove the spout from a small toy teapot1 make a whistle at the lower end of a quill1 and fit that end to the hole of the teapot left upon the spout being removed1 then fill the teapot rather more than half full of water1 blow the whistle1 and clear bird-like notes will be sounded4 ,another form of bird whistle may be made out of a piece of elder or willow4 ,make in the middle of a piece of either of these woods a whistle1 the wood being1 of course1 first hollowed out4 ,place one end of the whistle so made in the mouth1 and the opposite end just under the surface of a glass of water4 ,by then blowing1 the bird-like notes1 as with the quill and the teapot1 will be obtained4 ,these whistles may be made of metal or glass as well as wood4 ,,birds1 ,,beasts1 ,,and ,,fishes4 ,see ,slate ,games4 ,,bombardment4 ,see ,cannonade4 ,,bottle ,,imps4 ,obtain from the toy-shop some small enamelled figures that are made partially hollow towards their lower part1 place them in a glass jar filled quite full to the brim with water1 and carefully close the jar by covering it tightly with a piece of parchment4 ,now1 by alternately placing the hand upon the cover and lifting it off again1 the figures are made to descend and ascend in the water4 ,this is caused by the hollowness before mentioned1 the cavities in the figures retaining a certain quantity of air1 and imparting the requisite buoyancy to them4 ,when the hand is pressed upon the parchment cover of the bottle the water rises1 in consequence of the pressure1 into the figures4 ,the air so being compressed into less space1 renders the imps less buoyant1 and they fall2 on the pressure being removed they rise again4 ,illustration3 ,bottle ,imps4 ,,brother ,,jonathan4 ,this is a game of ,american origin1 and consists in pitching a copper or some other convenient object at the spaces of a diagram arranged and numbered1 as shown in the accompanying plan4 ,the larger spaces should bear the smaller numbers1 and the smaller spaces the larger numbers4 ,a mark from which the pitch is to be made must be arranged1 and those pitches only count which are made into one or other of the compartments2 pitches made upon the different lines are not counted4 ,the number marked in the compartment pitched into counts towards game1 which may be fixed at any number according to the pleasure of the players4 ,illustration3 ------------------------ #bj #c #d --------------------- #aa #bj #aj --------------------- #b #g #i ---------------------- #bj #a #bj ---------------------- #f #h #e ------------------------ ,brother ,jonathan4 ,crack ,loo is a somewhat similar game1 and it consists in pitching on a boarded floor with the object of pitching on one or other of the cracks separating the boards4 ,,camera 7,,miniature74 ,the materials required to make this toy are a small pill-box1 a small piece of broken looking-glass about half an inch square1 and a little piece of beeswax4 ,bore a small hole in the centre of the lid of the pill-box1 and another hole in the side of the box2 then1 by means of the beeswax1 stick the bit of looking-glass across the bottom of the box1 at an angle of forty-five degrees4 ,by looking now through one of the holes in the box the reflection of objects passing behind will be seen4 ,in making a miniature camera it is not necessary that the materials used should be so small as those here set forth1 but even of such materials as those mentioned an effective little toy may be easily constructed1 and more ambitious cameras are to be made on just the same principle4 ,,cannonade4 ,the game of ,cannonade1 or ,castle ,bagatelle as it is more generally called1 is a capital ,round ,game4 ,the rules for playing it1 which are supplied with the board and other apparatus1 are somewhat intricate1 and the toy is too elaborate to be made except at a manufactory4 ,a number of miniature castles1 enclosed in miniature fortresses1 are arranged inside and around the edge of a circular tray board2 a number of well-turned balls1 equal to the number of castles being played1 are then placed tolerably near each other towards the middle of the board1 and among the balls so placed each player alternately spins as vehemently as possible a good-sized teetotum2 the teetotum sends the balls flying among the castles1 and the owners of the castles overturned pay forfeit to the spinner of the teetotum1 while the owners of the castles that remain standing receive forfeit from him4 ,illustration3 ,cannonade1 or ,castle ,bagatelle4 ,there is a version of this game known at the toy-shops as the ,game of ,bombardment4 ,it is a ,german introduction1 and although not so good a game as that of ,castle ,bagatelle1 is very similar in principle1 affords good fun to a round party1 and is not quite so expensive to purchase as the older ,english toy4 ,,carpet ,,croquet4 ,see ,parlour ,croquet4 ,,castle ,,bagatelle4 ,see ,cannonade4 ,,common ,,whistle4 ,but little description either of the ,common ,whistle1 or of how to make it1 is necessary1 it being so well known4 ,the tin whistle can hardly be made except with the aid of expensive tools1 but it may be purchased at a very trifling cost4 ,no lad1 however1 need be without a whistle even when no toy-shop is near4 ,a good whistle may be made out of almost any straight piece of scooped-out wood1 the model of the tin whistle being adhered to as closely as possible4 ,a nice piece of elder neatly carved and plugged may even be made to do duty for a miniature flute1 and so made1 various notes are to be extracted from it4 ,,crack ,,loo4 ,see ,brother ,jonathan4 ,,cup ,,and ,,ball4 ,the ,cup and ,ball has long been a favourite toy4 ,it consists of a stem of ivory or some hard wood1 one end of which is pointed1 while to the other is fixed a small shallow cup4 ,to the stem an ivory or hard wood ball is attached by means of a piece of string1 and in one side of the ball a hole is drilled into which the pointed end of the stem fits4 ,the game is1 when the ball is loosely attached to the stem1 to throw it up so as to catch it either within the cup at the one end of the stem1 or on the point at the other end1 the latter feat being by far the most difficult4 ,to accomplish this1 the stem is to be held lightly in the right hand2 then make the ball revolve by twirling it between the thumb and forefinger of the left hand1 and when its motion becomes steady1 throw it up with a slight jerk of the right wrist1 and as it descends endeavour to catch it in one of the ways just mentioned4 ,calculate well the length of the string in throwing up the ball1 so that it is not thrown to the full length of the string1 or it will be almost impossible to succeed in catching it4 ,,cupolette4 ,although its warmest admirers will hardly maintain that the game of ,cupolette requires much skill1 yet it succeeds in affording considerable amusement4 ,the materials for the game are a board with a number of sunken and differently numbered cups1 a ball for each cup1 and a movable arm1 which is attached to the board1 and from which a ball1 heavier than the other balls1 is suspended by a cord4 ,the play commences with the balls placed in the cups2 the first player then turns the arm to any position he prefers1 draws the suspended ball out to the full length of its cord1 and allows it to swing back1 so as to strike one or more of the balls out of the cups4 ,each ball knocked out scores one point2 a ball struck out of one cup and into another scores the number of points indicated by the number of the cup2 a ball struck off the board is lost and scores nothing4 ,each player is entitled to four strokes1 and each player1 as it becomes his turn to play1 replaces all the balls as at first1 and proceeds as above4 ,a game is usually either sixty-one or a hundred and one1 according to the number of players4 ,sides may be formed if it is desired4 ,illustration3 ,cupolette4 ,,cut-,,water4 ,the toy known as the ,cut-,water is made in the following manner3--,cut a circular piece of tin or sheet-lead1 three inches or so in diameter1 into the form of a circular saw2 bore two holes in it along the diameter at about an inch apart2 through these holes pass the two ends of a string1 tie the ends of the string together1 and the toy is made4 ,to use it1 the string is to be taken up in the two hands1 the metal saw being allowed to hang loosely at the middle of the string1 and then thrown round and round until the string becomes very tightly twisted4 ,upon the hands then being drawn outwards1 the string untwists1 and the metal saw rapidly revolves4 ,so soon as the string is all untwisted1 the hands should be allowed to go slightly nearer each other1 when it will be found that the ,cut-,water will revolve in the opposite direction4 ,again1 when the string has become once more twisted1 the hands should be drawn outwards1 then inwards1 and again outwards1 and so on alternately4 ,the name of ,cut-,water is derived from a common way of playing with the toy4 ,it is dipped a little below the surface of water whilst being spun1 and it then sends showers of spray towards the player who spins it1 or away from him1 according to the direction in which it may be spinning4 ,illustration3 ,cut-,water4 ,an imitation ,cut-,water may be more readily1 and indeed often is1 made by passing a piece of string through two of the holes of a common breeches' button1 and treating the toy so made as explained above4 ,,dancing ,,highlander4 ,the ,dancing ,highlander1 like the ,apple ,woman and a few other imitations described among the toy games1 is really a hand performance supplemented by a few accessories4 ,for the performance of the ,dancing ,highlander1 get an old glove and cut off the tops of the first two fingers down to about the second joint2 next will be required a very small pair of baby's socks1 which are to be painted some plaid pattern1 and fitted to the first and second fingers4 ,draw on the glove1 then pull the socks on the first two fingers1 padding out that for the first finger so as to be equal in length to that for the second4 ,the figure of a ,highlander in his national costume1 which should have been first prepared out of cardboard and appropriately coloured1 is then to be pasted on to the back of the glove2 the tops of the two first fingers of the gloves should do duty for shoes1 and the uncovered portions of the performer's fingers will show as the bare knees of the kilted ,scot1 who may then be made to dance or perform any of those wild antics usually attributed to the ,highlander when his foot is on his native heath4 ,,dancing ,,pea4 ,a common pea1 two small pins1 and a piece of the straight stem of a broken clay tobacco-pipe1 are the requirements for making this curious little toy4 ,run the pins crosswise through the pea1 and cover their points with a little bit of sealing-wax1 to prevent mischief in the event of the pins striking any one's face4 ,put the point of one of the pins down the stem of the tobacco-pipe1 so that the pea will rest thereon4 ,place the other end of the pipe in the mouth1 holding the head back and the pipe stem perpendicularly4 ,upon then blowing steadily the pea will dance amusingly in the air4 ,,dart ,,and ,,target4 ,the apparatus required for this game is easily made4 ,the dart is a straight piece of stick1 about six inches long1 with a pin stuck in at one end1 and a paper guide at the other4 ,the pin1 which should be an ordinary large-sized pin1 must have the head removed1 and be pushed into the end of the stick1 with the point outwards1 and then secured in its place by a piece of twine or sealing-wax4 ,the guide is made of a square piece of paper folded twice from corner to corner1 and then inserted in cross slits made at the opposite end of the stick4 ,the target is best if made of a piece of soft wood board1 and should have painted on it three or four concentric circles of different colours1 with a bull's-eye in the centre4 ,the darts should then be thrown at the target from some distance to be agreed upon1 and scores made according to the nearness of the darts to the bull's-eye4 ,each circle should be differently numbered1 the outer circle counting one1 the next two1 and so on1 an extra allowance being made for the bull's-eye4 ,,dartelle4 ,this is the name given to ,dart and ,target at the toy shops4 ,it makes a pretty toy1 and combines in itself both darts and duly marked target1 with the necessary instructions for play4 ,,decimal ,,game4 ,get a long piece of board and fix into it ten pins in a row4 ,on each pin place a ring1 and the game then is to make the ten rings into five pairs of rings in five moves1 passing over two occupied pins with every move4 ,the feat is to be accomplished in the following among other methods3 ,let the accompanying diagram represent the pins1 board1 and the rings as first placed thereon2 remove ,no4 #g to ,no4 #aj1 ,no4 #f to ,no4 #c1 ,no4 #d to ,no4 #i1 ,no4 #h to ,no4 #b1 and ,no4 #a to ,no4 #e4 ,the changes may be done in the reverse way1 by commencing from ,no4 #d to ,no4 #a1 instead of ,no4 #g to ,no4 #aj1 and so on1 and other slight variations may be introduced4 ,the game may also be played with ten counters1 or ten pieces of paper1 on a table or board1 and without any pins4 ,indeed1 children are frequently seen playing the game out of doors with ten common stones4 ,illustration3 ,decimal ,game4 ,,demon ,,bottle4 ,cut a piece of pith of wood1 or some equally light substance1 into the shape of a small bottle1 and at its base fasten the half of a small bullet 7a1 see figure74 ,down the centre of the bottle bore a hole1 and fit the hole with a steel pin 7a b74 ,the bottle so made may be rendered obedient to the commands of its owner1 who1 when he wishes it to stand upright and resist the commands of the bystanders1 will previously have removed the pin2 when he wishes it to act in the contrary manner he will insert the pin1 which will be found to counteract the weight of the bullet1 and the bottle will obediently recline after receiving its owner's orders to do so2 the owner of course then being careful to give such orders4 ,illustration3 ,demon ,bottle4 ,,drawing-,,room ,,archery4 ,see ,puff and ,dart1 ,dart and ,target1 and ,dartelle4 ,,dutch ,,racquets4 ,dutch ,racquets1 or the ,dutch ,top ,game1 is very similar to the game of ,castle ,bagatelle1 or ,cannonade4 ,the appliances needed are somewhat expensive1 and the description of how to play the game1 with the rules by which it is governed1 is supplied with the toy4 ,the game is played on a board fitted with metal barriers that are variously numbered1 and on the different numbers miniature skittles are placed4 ,a metal top is then spun at one end of the board1 and as it travels1 the skittles1 or some of them1 will be overthrown4 ,the numbers covered by the skittles overthrown count towards game4 ,,enfield ,,skittles4 ,this is a game played on a level board with raised edges4 ,nine small wooden pins are arranged at one end of the board as skittles are arranged in the ordinary skittle-alley game4 ,these skittle pins are then bowled at by means of a small ivory or boxwood ball1 propelled with an ordinary billiard cue4 ,the game is frequently arranged for on an ordinary dining-room table1 precautions being first taken to prevent the ball from rolling off4 ,,flying ,,cones4 ,flying ,cones are made of hard wood1 hollow1 a hole being made at one side so as to produce a humming sound when the completed toy is being spun4 ,two such cones are fastened together at the apex4 ,the spinning apparatus consists of two thin sticks1 to the tips of which a string of about a yard long has to be tied4 ,to play the toy1 lay the cones on some flat surface1 take one of the sticks in each hand1 holding them at the opposite ends to those to which the string has been attached1 slip the string under the cones1 so as to catch them just at that point where they have been united1 being careful that the toy is somewhat nearer to the right-hand than to the left-hand stick4 ,next1 raise the sticks1 at the same time making such a movement with the right hand as to set the double cone revolving on the string4 ,by a sort of whipping movement1 first with one hand and then with the other1 it may be kept spinning2 when quickly spun1 it will make a humming sound1 and with practice considerable dexterity in the use of this toy will be easily attained4 ,illustration3 ,flying ,cones4 ,when the toy has obtained sufficient speed to commence humming1 many pretty feats may be shown with it4 ,it may be flung in the air1 and as it falls it may be caught on the loose or tightened string1 or on one of the sticks1 and made to roll towards one or other of the hands of the player4 ,two players1 each being provided with the necessary sticks1 with string attached1 may keep a flying cone spinning a long time1 and at the same time be continually throwing it backwards and forwards from one to the other4 ,this toy is also known as ,le ,diable1 and is usually sold in the toy-shops under that name4 ,,french ,,and ,,english4 ,see ,slate ,games4 ,,gas ,,balloons4 ,small ,gas ,balloons are made of thin sheet india-rubber or gutta-percha1 or tissue paper2 larger ones are made of oiled silk4 ,cut gores of the material to be used sufficient in number when fastened together1 the sides of each gore overlapping the gore fastened to it1 to form a globe of the desired size with pear-shaped ends4 ,join the gores together1 so as to make them completely air-tight2 when the heavier materials are used they should be sewn together1 and then covered with glue or thin varnish4 ,at the lower end of the balloon insert a tube1 and tie all the narrow tips of the gores firmly round it4 ,cover all with a solution made of india-rubber dissolved in naphtha and turpentine1 and over the balloon place a net bag that has been previously made of the proper size and shape4 ,the gas with which the balloon is to be filled is made in the following manner3--,put a pound of granulated zinc or iron filings into two quarts of water in a stone jar1 and add gradually a pint of sulphuric acid4 ,have a tube of glass or metal run through the bung with which the jar is corked1 and after taking the materials out of doors1 fill the balloon by connecting this tube with the tube already placed at its mouth4 ,when the balloon is filled1 tie its neck very tightly1 and it will rise into the air4 ,common coal-gas may be used when it can be obtained4 ,a small car made of some light material may be attached to the netting which goes over the balloon4 ,soap-bubbles inflated with gas may be made in the following manner3--,fill a bladder with hydrogen gas1 adapt a tobacco-pipe to the mouth of the bladder1 and dip the bowl of the pipe into soap and water2 then press the bladder1 and bubbles will be duly formed1 which floating away will at once rise in the air4 ,toy balloons ready to be filled with hydrogen gas may be now purchased at many toy-shops1 or of philosophical instrument-makers4 ,,german ,,balls4 ,luck and skill combined in about equal degrees make the principal charm of this game1 which is a very simple one1 and which in many respects resembles the game of marbles known as ,die ,shot4 ,the game may be played equally well in-doors on a carpeted floor or out of doors on a lawn1 or any other level surface4 ,the materials required are a number of balls1 and a larger ball shaped as a die with eight sides1 numbered respectively #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g1 and #h4 ,the die is placed on the ground with the figure #h downwards1 and the players1 each being supplied with a ball1 bowl alternately at the die from some point at a distance from the die to be agreed upon4 ,if the die is missed1 nothing is scored1 and in some places the player who misses pays one to a pool4 ,if the die is hit1 the player whose ball hit it scores the number on the side of the die which remains uppermost4 ,under some rules each player puts a stake into a pool1 and he who attains the highest score in a certain number of throws wins the pool4 ,if1 however1 any player should succeed in turning the die so that the number #h remains uppermost1 he takes the pool at once1 and a new game is then commenced4 ,,german ,,billiards4 ,this is a game played with balls on a board on which is a complicated arrangement of pins1 hoops1 holes1 recesses1 and cups1 the holes1 recesses1 and cups in which are variously numbered4 ,the balls are propelled by means of a spring fitted into one side of the board1 and the scores are in accordance with the numbers marked in the respective holes1 recesses1 and cups that the balls fall into after wandering through the many pins and hoops that are fixed all over the board4 ,illustration3 ,german ,billiards4 ,,hat ,,measurement4 ,the practice known as ,hat ,measurement has sprung up owing to the fact that very few people either have but very little idea of the probable height of very common objects1 or if they know the actual height in inches of those objects1 are unable to demonstrate that height4 ,the judgment is very frequently tested by asking the company present to mark on a wall about the height of an ordinary chimney-pot hat2 and in the majority of cases1 upon a hat being actually brought in1 it will be found that the height marked is sufficient for at least a hat and a half4 ,,homeward ,,bound4 ,see ,patchesi4 ,,hydraulic ,,dancer4 ,make a little figure out of a piece of cork1 pith1 or some equally light material2 place in the figure a small hollow cone of thin leaf brass2 then set the figure on any water-jet or small fountain1 and it will remain suspended on the top of the water1 and will jump1 dance1 and move about in a very amusing manner4 ,a hollow ball of thin copper1 placed on a jet or fountain in a similar way1 will remain suspended1 turning round and spreading the water gracefully about it4 ,,immovable ,,card4 ,upon the face of it1 and on first thoughts1 it would appear to be the easiest possible thing to blow over an ordinary visiting card placed on a table1 provided it be not secured in any mechanical manner4 ,if a visiting card is neatly turned down at the narrow edges1 about a quarter or a third of an inch1 so that the edges turned down are at right-angles with the remainder of the card1 and the card be then placed on the turned down edges1 the feat would seem to be still more easy than if the card were simply placed flat on the table4 ,the contrary1 however1 is the case1 and unless let into the secret one may blow at a card so placed for hours without being able to overturn it4 ,to accomplish the feat1 the blowing must be done on the table1 not on the card1 and at some distance from the card4 ,,indian ,,skittle ,,pool4 ,see ,skittle ,cannonade4 ,,jack-,,in-,,the-,,box4 ,the toy known as ,jack-in-the-,box is familiar to all1 and is always the source of much fun2 it may be readily made by any ingenious lad who will carefully follow the accompanying description3-- ,the toy consists of a box containing a figure of some comical shape4 ,inside the figure a piece of wire1 known as the spring1 is coiled up1 corkscrew-wise1 like the spring within a carriage candle lamp4 ,the box should be made so that when the lid is closed the wire or spring within the figure is compressed2 on the removal of the pressure from the lid the wire regains its original form1 and out springs the figure4 ,the figure is sometimes secured to the bottom of the box1 and sometimes attached to the side by a long piece of string1 and then when the lid is suddenly unfastened1 ,jack will spring out of his hiding-place and fly up high into the air4 ,,japanese ,,fan4 ,see ,magic ,fan4 ,,jerk ,,straws4 ,this is a rough version of the game of ,spillikins1 or ,spelicans1 more fully described further on4 ,jerk-straws1 ,jack-straws1 or ,juggling-sticks1 as they are indifferently called1 are a number of small rounded sticks1 forty or fifty or more1 about twice as long and of the same thickness as a common ,tandstickor match4 ,these are thrown loosely in a confused heap upon the table1 and the players have to remove them1 one by one1 by means of a longer stick1 hooked or pointed as desired1 without1 in the process of removing one stick1 touching or disturbing any other4 ,the first player removes as many as he can in this way1 but as soon as he disturbs any other than the one to be removed1 in the slightest degree1 or touches any other one1 he gives place to the next player1 and so on4 ,at the end of the game1 the player has won who has secured the largest number of sticks4 ,,le ,,diable4 ,see ,flying ,cones4 ,,magic ,,fan4 ,the description of several paper toys appears in this section of the book1 but of them all the ,magic ,fan is the most ingenious1 its varieties being so numerous4 ,it is known by the names of the ,magic ,fan1 ,japanese ,fan1 ,puzzle-,wit1 and ,trouble-,wit1 and is often exhibited for profit in the public streets of populous places by members of that class of people who prefer living by their wits to working hard4 ,as a toy1 however1 to be made at home1 it is well worth something more than a mere superficial acquaintanceship4 ,illustration3 ,magic ,fan4 ,in its manufacture a piece of good stout paper will be required1 in size twenty-four inches by nineteen1 or proportionately larger or smaller4 ,the paper is to be measured into six equal parts1 the divisions being marked on the margin1 as shown in ,fig4 #a4 ,double the paper in half1 as shown in ,fig4 #b4 ,fold the uppermost half outwards1 making the fold as shown in the same figure by the letters ,a ,a4 ,turn the paper over and fold the other half in precisely the same way1 thus making the paper as shown in ,fig4 #c4 ,upon examining the edge ,a ,a ,a1 two openings between the folds will be seen1 whereas at the edge ,b ,b ,b1 three openings will be found4 ,the hand has next to be inserted into the middle of these latter openings1 and the paper folded outwards to the right and left1 and turned over1 when it will show as in ,fig4 #d4 ,then pinch the paper from end to end in plaits like a ruff1 three-eighths of an inch in depth1 so that when it is all pinched it will be in small compass1 as in the ,fig4 #e4 ,the ,magic ,fan is then complete1 and all that remains is to learn how to produce its variety of shapes4 ,it is said that as many as from sixty to seventy varieties have been produced2 a few only will1 however1 be here indicated1 as by attention to the directions now given it will be a comparatively easy matter to ring the changes on the kinds specified4 ,it must always be remembered that every time the form of the fan is changed1 the paper must be again well pinched together1 in order that the folds of the plaits may remain plainly and strongly marked4 ,unless the folds are kept in order the fan cannot be properly worked4 ,illustration3 ,magic ,fan4 ,to produce the first form1 the common-shaped fan1 ,fig4 #f1 catch the folded paper1 ,fig4 #e1 at the bottom with both hands1 pinch it in and then spread out the top4 ,for ,fig4 #g1 insert the fingers at ,a and pass them round to ,b1 raising the paper4 ,to turn ,fig4 #g into ,fig4 #h1 insert the fingers at ,c and pass them round to ,d4 ,for the next change1 catch the paper by the part now uppermost1 pinch that part well together1 and the paper takes the form of a scoop 7,fig4 #i71 the upper part of the fan1 ,fig4 #h1 becoming the handle of the scoop4 ,pinch the paper again into the form of ,fig4 #e1 lift up the upper part ,a1 bring the lower plaits1 ,b1 well together1 and with one hand arrange the upper part1 so as to form the head of a mushroom 7,fig4 #aj74 ,a new form may be got by raising part of the double head of the mushroom4 ,for ,fig4 #aa1 reverse the paper and spread out the lower part1 so that it may represent the body of a wine-glass1 that which in ,fig4 #aj was the head of the mushroom will soon appear as the foot of the glass4 ,to make the ,chinese lantern1 ,fig4 #ab1 open out all the paper and twist it round2 catch it now by the central part1 and by compressing the central folds well together1 something like two of the enormous wheels of a steam stone-crusher will be produced 7,fig4 #ac74 ,the butter cooler1 ,fig4 #ad1 is obtained by opening the paper out again and catching it at the two ends4 ,the original form1 ,fig4 #e1 must then be again reverted to1 and a fresh start may be made by catching the paper at both ends and folding it so as to represent ,fig4 #ae4 ,by drawing it out the table mat1 ,fig4 #af1 will next be shown4 ,raise up the paper at the letters ,a and ,b of ,fig4 #af1 and there will appear a dish in the form of ,fig4 #ag4 ,fig4 #ah is obtained by then pressing the paper inwards4 ,the sentry box1 ,fig4 #ai1 comes by drawing the paper out1 and letting it loose at the foot4 ,and so on1 many shapes not here set forth may be obtained4 ,experiment freely on the ,magic ,fan2 if spoiled it costs nothing but a little patience and a few minutes of time to remake1 and a dexterous lad will produce staircases1 sofas1 chairs1 flower-pots1 windows and window-blinds1 nightcaps1 boxes1 c4 c4 c4 ,,magic ,,figure4 ,this is an amusing and easily made toy4 ,its peculiarity lies in this1 that however it may be knocked about1 so long as it remains whole1 it rises of its own accord to its feet and retains its balance with a gently swaying motion4 ,the figure should be cut out of cork or pith1 or something equally light1 and may be clothed by gumming on to it some silk floss or other similar substance2 to its base1 but hidden as much as possible1 should be fastened the half of a leaden bullet1 with the semicircular side undermost4 ,the weight of the pedestal will then be sufficient to secure the recovery of the figure immediately after being made to lie prostrate4 ,illustration3 ,magic ,figure4 ,it will be seen by reference that the principle underlying the manufacture of this toy is similar to that of the ,demon ,bottle1 previously described1 the variation being the steel pin in the bottle which1 when inserted1 counteracts the effect of the weight adjusted to the base of the figure4 ,,magic ,,flute4 ,the magic flute is to be made out of a good sound and unused cork1 which has in it neither holes nor cracks4 ,place the cork against the teeth1 holding it tightly between the lips1 and play upon it with the handles of two prongs or forks or the bowls of two spoons4 ,an imitation of the piccolo or small flute will thus be produced1 and almost any simple quick air may be played upon it4 ,,magician ,,of ,,morocco4 ,the ,magician of ,morocco is a hand performance similar in character to those described under the headings of the ,apple ,woman and the ,dancing ,highlander4 ,he is made 7see ,fig4 #a7 by holding up a hand1 bending down the fourth and little fingers1 placing the thumb in front1 holding the first finger straight up1 and the middle finger slanting half-way between the first and fourth fingers4 ,the top joint of the first finger is to be dotted to represent a face1 and on the tip of the finger a handkerchief1 knotted at one corner to represent a cap1 is to be placed1 the remainder of the handkerchief being draped about the hand to do duty for the robe 7see ,fig4 #b74 ,this robe looks more effective if the handkerchief out of which it is made is of some bright colour or colours2 an ,indian silk handkerchief makes both a capital robe and cap combined2 the cap may1 indeed1 then be easily made to look very like an ordinary ,turkish fez4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #a4--,skeleton of the ,magician4 ,it will thus be seen that while the first finger in the hand does duty for head1 shoulders1 and bust1 the middle finger1 when the whole figure is held sideways to the company1 shows as the arms1 and the body is made full by means of the position of the thumb and other two fingers4 ,it is necessary that the ,magician of ,morocco should have some long outlandish name1 and to ensure his success that he should be very voluble with quackeries1 divinations1 tricks1 jests1 prophecies1 conundrums1 scandals1 and nonsense of every sort and description2 his conversation being accompanied by judicious nods and twists of the head1 as it will not be easy to impart much of a twinkle to his eyes4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #b4--,the ,magician of ,morocco4 ,,magnetic ,,swan4 ,the ,magnetic ,swan1 and other articles made in the same manner1 will illustrate the properties of the ,magnetic ,wand4 ,a number of such articles1 to represent swans1 ducks1 small boats1 c41 may be made and placed in a basin or tub of water1 and kept in motion by a judicious use of the wand4 ,be careful to model the articles so that they may undoubtedly represent those objects they are intended to resemble4 ,swans1 ducks1 boats1 and such birds and things as swim or float on the surface of water1 should be made out of cork1 pith1 or light wood1 with a small piece of magnetised steel run through the body4 ,swans should be covered with white wax1 thinly spread over the body of the bird1 and the ducks and boats should be treated in the same way1 with the addition of being properly coloured afterwards4 ,glass beads for eyes may be placed in the heads of the birds4 ,some care in balancing and loading these objects will have to be taken to ensure them floating properly and steadily4 ,fish may also be made in a similar way1 but much nicety has to be shown to load them so as to sink them below the surface of the water1 and yet to make them sufficiently buoyant to keep them from sinking to the bottom4 ,toys of this nature are supplied at a small cost at most toy-shops4 ,,magnetic ,,wand4 ,a number of very pleasing experiments may be performed by means of the ,magnetic ,wand4 ,it is made out of a rod of hard wood1 about ten inches long by a third of an inch thick4 ,a hole is to be drilled into this rod1 and in the hole is to be placed a strongly magnetised steel wire4 ,two small knobs should then be placed upon the reverse ends of the wand1 and1 in order that it may be readily known at which end of the wand is the attractive and at which end the repellent point of the magnetised wire1 the knobs ought either to be differently carved or one or both of them should bear some distinctive mark4 ,the letters ,n and ,s are suitable as specifying the north and the south poles1 by which terms the opposite ends of the magnetised wire are scientifically expressed4 ,the wand so made is complete1 and by holding one or other of its ends to the tips of small articles floating in water1 made after the manner described in the manufacture of the ,magnetic ,swan1 such articles may be made to either follow after or swim from the wand according as it is the north or the south pole which is held out4 ,it is an easy matter to magnetise a bit of steel wire1 and under this heading of how to make a ,magnetic ,wand1 a few hints on magnetising common objects of steel and iron will not be out of place4 ,an ordinary poker may be magnetised in a very simple manner4 ,hold it in the left hand1 pointing it somewhat inclined from the perpendicular1 so that the lower end is towards the north1 then strike the poker several times smartly with a large iron hammer1 and to a slight extent it will then be found to possess the powers of a magnet4 ,another method is as follows3--,get an old large iron poker1 and a similar pair of tongs1 such as may be found forming a part of the set of fire-irons formerly supplied for kitchen use4 ,fix the poker upright1 and hold to it a bar about three inches long of soft steel1 which should be about a quarter of an inch broad1 but not more than a twentieth of an inch in thickness4 ,make on one end of the steel a mark1 and let that end be held downwards4 ,the steel should not be held to the poker with the hand1 but should be suspended on a piece of silk held in the left hand1 and so suspended as to touch the poker4 ,then grasp the tongs a little below the middle with the right hand1 and keeping them as nearly vertical as possible1 rub the steel bar with the lower end of the tongs1 from the marked end of the bar to its upper end about ten times on each side of it4 ,by this means the bar will receive enough magnetism to enable it to lift at the marked end a small steel key4 ,or if the bar so magnetised be suspended at its centre1 and made to rest on a point1 the marked end will turn to the north4 ,steel fireirons which have remained untouched during the summer period1 and have at the same time remained resting on the fender1 in an ordinary living-room1 will be found after a few months to have become possessed of magnetic properties4 ,a common sewing needle is readily magnetised by passing1 when gently pressed against it1 the north pole of a magnet from the eye to the point of the needle4 ,after the end of the needle has been reached1 the magnet must not be passed back along it again to the eye1 or the effect will be destroyed2 but the effect is increased if the magnet is passed several times in succession from the eye to the point4 ,a needle so magnetised may be used in the place of the magnetised wire required for a small ,magnetic ,wand4 ,,magnifying ,,pinhole4 ,see ,microscope 7,toy74 ,,mechanical ,,bucephalus4 ,see ,pegasus in ,flight4 ,,microscope 7,,toy74 ,toy microscopes1 or miniature microscopes that may be easily made1 are of two sorts4 ,the first and simplest is sometimes called the ,magnifying ,pinhole4 ,take a blackened card1 and make a hole in it with the point of a fine needle4 ,hold up the card1 and look through the hole so made at any small object held at about an inch from the card1 and the object so held will appear magnified about ten times4 ,remove the card from the eye1 leaving the object looked at in its former position1 and it will then not be seen at all2 this is accounted for from the well-known quality of the eye that it is unable unaided to discover a single object not more than an inch away4 ,another sort of toy microscope is made out of a thin plate of lead or brass4 ,bore a hole in it with a fine awl or a large needle1 and let a drop of clear water fall into the hole so as to fill it up completely4 ,then place any object that it is wished to examine below the thin plate1 and immediately below the globule of water4 ,look through the globule1 and the object looked at will be seen1 apparently magnified about a hundred and fifty times4 ,a full water-bottle also has microscopic powers4 ,,mocking ,,call4 ,the ,mocking ,call is a little instrument by which one may imitate the song of birds1 animals1 and various other sounds1 and is to be made in the following manner3--,cut a small square piece from the green leaf of a common leek1 lay it on a table or clean board1 and with great care scrape away a piece of the green pulpy substance of the leaf1 being very careful on no account to injure the fine outer skin4 ,place the instrument so made in the roof of the mouth1 with that side downwards on which is the outer skin4 ,press the instrument gently with the tongue into its place1 and then blow between the tongue and the upper teeth4 ,at first sounds will be emitted that will not readily be recognised as similar to those of birds or animals1 but with practice and patience the barking of a dog1 the neighing of a horse1 or the notes of many of the song birds1 may be successfully imitated4 ,when the ,mocking ,call is not in use1 it should be kept moist by placing it in a glass of water4 ,this toy is useful when used in a ventriloquial entertainment4 ,,moorish ,,fort4 ,the game of ,moorish ,fort is a good round game of skill4 ,it is a comparatively new game1 and is supplied by the toy-dealers1 with rules1 at a reasonable price2 but as the materials to play the game with may be found in any tolerably extensive collection of toys if supplemented by a fort and a few rods1 which can easily be made1 some readers of this book may1 if unable to purchase the materials1 feel inclined to practise their ingenuity in adapting the toys they possess to play the game4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #a4--,the ,fort4 ,a round fort1 constructed in the manner shown in the accompanying woodcut 7,fig4 #a71 is placed in the centre of an ordinary dining-room table4 ,the players should number six or less1 and be divided into two sides1 each side taking opposite positions2 each player should be provided with a small round ball 7those supplied with nine-pins do admirably71 and the player1 armed with a cue about eighteen inches to two feet long 7,fig4 #b1 ,a71 should strike his ball towards the fort4 ,a rest for the cue 7,fig4 #b1 ,b71 with x-piece at the end1 of the same length as the cue should also be supplied1 to facilitate the striking of the ball when at a distance from the player1 as it is to be made a rule that no player may1 when playing1 place his hands or arms on the table4 ,that side which first gets all its balls into the fort wins1 but a code of rules may be drafted embodying these and other regulations at the pleasure of the players4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #b4--;,cue 7a7 and ,rest 7b74 ,,navette4 ,the game of ,navette is played with a bridge having numerous arches1 each one of which bears a distinctive number1 higher or lower1 according to the size of the arch and the difficulty of attaining the object of the game1 which is bowling discs1 or small balls1 at the bridge when placed on the floor or on the table1 so that the balls may pass under one or other of the arches of the bridge4 ,the players bowl alternately at the bridge1 and he who makes the highest score in an agreed number of bowls of the ball wins4 ,the arch-board used in marble games may be utilised for this game4 ,illustration3 ,navette4 ,,nine ,,pins4 ,the toy-box containing ,nine ,pins1 for playing the game of that name1 together with the requisite number of balls1 is to be purchased for a very trifling sum4 ,inasmuch as both pins and balls have to be turned in a lathe1 it is almost impossible for any lad with an ordinary chest of tools to make them for himself1 and1 indeed1 the game of ,nine ,pins is not a game usually played at by lads of an age able to make their own toys--it is a very small child's game4 ,the game is played in two ways1 either by throwing or bowling the balls at the pins1 or by attaching a ball to a rope or string suspended from the ceiling1 and so swinging the ball at the pins4 ,the pins may be set up in any manner agreeable to the players1 either in a line1 circle1 or in the same way as in the game of skittles1 in the form shown in the diagram4 ,the number of pins knocked down counts towards game1 and the player who can knock all down in the fewest throws or swings of the ball wins4 ,illustration3 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,plan of ,nine ,pins4 ,,noughts ,,and ,,crosses4 ,see ,slate ,games4 ,,obedient ,,soldier4 ,a toy similar in principle to the ,demon ,bottle1 previously described1 is the toy known as the ,obedient ,soldier4 ,he should be made of pith1 cork1 or some very light wood1 should be carved with a soldier's busby and tunic1 and have in his arms a rifle at the shoulder arms position4 ,the barrel of the rifle must be made hollow1 in order that in it may be placed1 when desired1 a piece of solid steel wire4 ,the whole figure is to be fastened at the feet on to the flat side of the half of a leaden bullet4 ,upon the steel wire being inserted in the barrel of the rifle1 the soldier will lie down1 and upon its being removed he will stand upright4 ,the secret of these actions should rest with the performer who shows off the ways of the ,obedient ,soldier1 and it will be necessary1 in order to preserve this secrecy1 that some dexterity be exhibited in the placing or removing of the steel wire4 ,illustration3 ,obedient ,soldier4 ,,palada4 ,the game of ,palada is a game very much resembling that of ,cup and ,ball1 and has become quite a popular amusement4 ,the toy consists of a slim and tapering rod1 the thick end of which is used as the handle1 and at the opposite end is a piece of cane bent into an oval form4 ,attached to the rod1 and at about a foot or a foot and a half from the oval end1 a solid egg-shaped substance is fastened by a piece of string half as long again as the distance from the oval end towards which it is secured4 ,the object of the game is to catch the egg-shaped substance on the oval end of the rod1 which is made large enough to allow of the egg finding a secure resting-place1 but at the same time smaller than the egg1 so that it may not fall through4 ,illustration3 ,palada4 ,,paper ,,toys4 ,a very considerable number of toys may be constructed out of paper alone1 and much amusement may be obtained in the making of such toys1 as well as from the uses to which they can be put when made4 ,the ,magic ,fan and kindred objects have been explained under that heading1 and the following are a few other objects that1 with a little practice1 it will be found very easy for any one to make at pleasure4 ,paper ,bellows4--,the first in the alphabetical list of paper toys is that known as paper bellows1 and a very good imitation of a pair of bellows it will be found to be4 ,get a piece of paper of the substance of an ordinary sheet of note-paper1 cut it into a square each side of which is at least twelve inches long1 and fold it double1 by making two of the corners meet with the middle line stretching between the other two corners4 ,open the paper out and fold it again1 by making the other two corners meet1 and upon it being again opened out1 the folds will be left in the shape of a ,st4 ,andrew's ,cross4 ,turn the paper over1 and holding two of the folds between the finger and thumb of each hand1 press them inward1 and press the paper quite flat1 so as to make it take the form shown in ,fig4 #a4 ,make the corners a and b meet at e2 turn the paper over1 and make the corners c and d also meet at the same point e4 ,turn the first side uppermost again1 and the paper will show as in ,fig4 #b4 ,make creases in the paper1 by folding a to b1 a to c1 d to b1 and d to c2 the creases should then show as indicated by the dotted lines in the figure1 the paper being folded out immediately after each inward fold4 ,next pinch together between the finger and thumb those parts indicated by the letters a1 x1 z and d1 w1 y2 pinch first the one1 and then the other1 and the paper will fall naturally into the form given by the folds1 and will appear like ,fig4 #c2 the dotted lines outside the figure representing the reverse side of the paper1 the letters a1 b1 c forming the handle of one side of the bellows4 ,afterwards turn the paper over1 and do with the other side as last described1 by first folding the paper and then pinching it into shape2 the handle of the other side of the bellows will so be formed1 and the toy is complete1 as represented by ,fig4 #d4 ,the bellows are blown by alternately pulling out the paper by the handles and closing it again quickly1 when wind will be found coming out of the bellows at the point marked ,a4 ,illustration3 ,paper ,bellows4 ,paper ,boat4--,for this toy the size of the paper should be nine inches by six1 or with sides of proportionate length4 ,double the paper as in ,fig4 #a2 turn up the corners a a1 until they meet at b1 when paper will look as in ,fig4 #b2 turn down the two sides c1 one to the one side1 and the other to the other side1 to the dotted line d d4 ,insert the thumb of each hand1 and pull out the paper so that it may take the form of ,fig4 #c2 being careful in so doing to arrange neatly the corners d d of ,fig4 #b4 ,turn up the points marked e in ,fig4 #c1 one to the one side1 and the other to the other1 till they touch the point f1 folding at the dotted line of the figure4 ,insert the thumbs again1 and pull out the paper to make the form shown in ,fig4 #d4 ,lastly1 take hold of the paper with the finger and thumb of each hand at the points g g1 and pull them gently outwards right and left1 being careful not to press the inside1 and the boat will be complete as in ,fig4 #e4 ,illustration3 ,paper ,boat4 ,paper ,boxes4--,cut a piece of paper into a square of dimensions according to taste1 or according to the size of the box required4 ,as a first attempt a piece of paper about six or eight inches square will be found to be most convenient4 ,make folds in the paper according to the dotted lines shown in ,fig4 #a1 remembering that in making paper boxes the paper is never to remain folded1 except in the last figure1 and that the folds are merely to be looked upon as marks for future guidance4 ,then fold the corners ,a ,b ,c ,d into the centre1 and the folds will show as in ,fig4 #b4 ,next fold over and unfold alternately1 ,a to ,h1 ,b to ,f1 ,c to ,i1 and ,d to ,g1 after which the folds should appear as in ,fig4 #c4 ,then in the same way fold and unfold ,a to ,n1 ,b to ,m1 ,c to ,l1 and ,d to ,k1 when the dotted lines in ,fig4 #d should each be represented by a fold in the paper4 ,take a pencil or pen and mark the paper in accordance with the black lines of ,fig4 #d1 and cut with a pen-knife at all those marks1 removing such pieces as will necessarily become detached4 ,fold and keep folded the short sides x and y of the corners ,a and ,d1 so that they may pass easily through the slits in the opposite corners ,b and ,c4 ,lastly1 and to finish the box1 pass the folded corner ,a through the slit in the corner ,c1 then opening out the folds in order to make the fastening secure2 pass the folded corner ,d through the slit in the corner ,b in the same way1 and at the same time fold in the side that would otherwise overlap4 ,illustration3 ,paper ,boxes4 ,illustration3 ,paper ,boxes4 ,paper ,chinese ,junk4--,this paper toy is one of the most complicated and difficult of all the paper toys to make2 it requires for its explanation several diagrams1 and in the making of it much patience4 ,it takes as long to get into proper shape as it does to form many of the different varieties described under the heading of ,magic ,fan1 and unless great care has been taken throughout1 there is great chance of the junk turning out but a poor affair after all4 ,in spite of1 nay in consequence of1 the difficulties1 however1 it is worth attempting4 ,take a piece of paper about a foot square1 and find its centre by cross folding it corner to corner2 fold the four corners into the centre as in ,fig4 #a1 and fold the sides ,a ,b and ,c ,d to the dotted line ,e ,f1 so that ,fig4 #b will appear4 ,keep the side of ,fig4 #b1 represented in the diagram1 outwards1 and double the paper longways to form ,fig4 #c4 ,fold both the sides at ,a ,b of that figure to the points ,c ,d1 and the small ,fig4 #d will result4 ,open out again to make ,fig4 #b1 and just under the middle of the outer flaps will be found the four corners of the paper2 take two of those corners1 one between the finger and thumb of each hand1 and pull them out to make the elongated ,fig4 #e4 ,double the paper of that figure by the fold ,a ,b1 so that the two points ,c ,d may touch each other back to back4 ,the paper now appears as ,fig4 #f1 and it is from here that great care and patience to complete the toy successfully will have to be shown4 ,take between the forefinger and thumb of each hand the two sides ,a ,b1 and by pressing them outwards contrive so as to bring the line ,a ,c to be parallel with the line ,c ,d1 and the line ,b ,c to the line ,c ,e4 ,into this position the paper must be folded flat1 when it will be found to be in the form shown in ,fig4 #g4 ,fold the points ,a ,b ,c so that they will all meet evenly at the point ,d1 and then fold the paper so that the line ,e ,f will be parallel to and upon ,g ,h4 ,turn the paper over1 and treat the reverse side in exactly the same manner4 ,upon the exactness with which these ,figs4 #f and #g are dealt with depends the success of the endeavour1 and if properly done the folding1 when completed1 should leave the paper as shown in the accompanying ,fig4 #h4 ,illustration3 ,paper ,chinese ,junk4 ,insert the fingers then between the folds in that part1 which will readily be found1 where the paper may be easily pulled outwards right to left1 when it will take a box form with overhanging flaps1 as shown in ,fig4 #i4 ,place the two thumbs boldly on the tops of the two sides marked ,a and ,b1 and press them firmly down to the table1 making the folds inwards1 as shown in the dotted line ,c ,d4 ,fig4 #aj appears upon the box 7,fig4 #i7 being then turned upside down2 fold the line ,a ,b so as to produce the fold ,w ,x1 and press the paper firmly down2 fold the line ,c ,d to produce the fold ,y ,z1 and again press firmly down4 ,turn the paper1 and it should be fairly represented by ,fig4 #aa4 ,double the paper outwards by the dotted line1 and it will appear like ,fig4 #ab4 ,the test of accuracy in performance now appears4 ,take the points ,a and ,b of ,fig4 #ab between the forefinger and thumb of each hand1 and pull carefully1 slowly1 and steadily outwards1 forcing nothing2 if thoroughly made the junk will come quite readily1 and will appear bottom uppermost4 ,turn it over1 and raise up the pieces of paper which will be found inside at either end of the boat to do duty as backs to the seats1 and all is finished1 and should appear as shown in ,fig4 #ac4 ,in endeavouring to make this toy1 keep well in mind that old1 old couplet1 that the elders are so fond of quoting to the youngsters for their encouragement and edification-- ,if at first you don't succeed1 ,try1 try1 try again4 ,illustration3 ,paper ,dart4 ,paper ,dart4--,the ,paper ,dart is one of the easiest made of the paper toys1 and when made will last some time1 if put only to its legitimate use4 ,it is best made of a piece of good stout paper1 which should be cut so that it is at least half as long again as it is broad4 ,double the paper lengthways1 and make the fold x z1 as shown in the accompanying figure1 opening out the paper again2 then turn up the two corners to meet at the points a a1 and next turn the points b b to the point c in the same figure1 when the paper should appear as indicated by the dotted lines in the figure4 ,again fold the paper1 and retain it folded at the line x z2 fold down the outside edges so that they are parallel with that fold1 and open out the wings so made1 and the dart is complete4 ,to throw it1 hold the paper on the line x z between the thumb and forefinger1 take the necessary aim1 and cast the dart2 its motion through the air will be found to be accompanied with a graceful curve1 and to make an accurate aim allowance must be made for the curve4 ,boys sometimes amuse themselves by fighting sham battles with toys of this description4 ,paper ,hat 7,pyramidal74--,the ,pyramidal ,paper ,hat is to be made1 so far as its initial stages are concerned1 in just the same way as the manufacture of the ,paper ,boat is proceeded with1 and which is fully described in its proper place4 ,the size of the paper out of which the hat is to be made must be decided by the size of the hat required4 ,to make it1 proceed as in the manufacture of the ,paper ,boat1 and when the paper is in the form represented by the dotted line in ,fig4 #b1 illustrating that toy1 stop short1 and turn in the corners of the paper corresponding with the dotted line in the figure1 and the ,paper ,hat will be finished4 ,illustration3 ,paper ,hat4 ,paper ,parachute4--,to make a toy paper parachute1 take a square piece of tissue or other light paper1 and fold it from corner to corner into a triangular shape2 fold it again from corner to corner1 and again a third time fold it in the same way1 and then double it so as to give it the appearance shown by ,fig4 #a in the accompanying diagram4 ,cut with a sharp penknife through all the folds of the paper1 shown by the dotted lines1 and pierce a hole at the point marked ,a quite through2 then1 when the paper is opened out1 it will be found to be as shown in ,fig4 #b4 ,fasten threads1 all of which are to be of the same length1 through each hole2 bring the loose ends of the thread to a point1 fasten them there together1 and attach to them a piece of cardboard or folded paper as ballast4 ,the whole toy will then be complete1 as shown in ,fig4 #c4 ,if the parachute be then taken into the open air1 and when a good breeze is blowing1 the air will soon catch under the toy and carry it up to a considerable height4 ,in the absence1 however1 of a wind1 it requires some dexterity to set the parachute off successfully1 and it may be much aided by the use of an arrow and a common bow4 ,a small hole is cut in the top of the paper1 in which the point of an arrow is inserted and fixed to the end by a little paste or gum4 ,the ends of the thread should then be tied at about half-way down the shaft of the arrow1 and1 when complete1 it will have very much the appearance of a closed parasol 7see ,fig4 #d74 ,if the arrow is then placed on the string of the bow and shot into the air1 the parachute will on coming down open out and sail away gracefully1 and more or less swiftly according to the current of air into which it may be propelled from the bow4 ,illustration3 ,paper ,parachute4 ,paper ,purses4--,paper ,purses are somewhat complicated in their manufacture1 and when made are not the most serviceable of receptacles for money4 ,as an exercise of ingenuity and care in the making they are worth attempting4 ,cut a piece of paper1 tolerably soft and pliable1 into a square1 fold it into three equal parts1 and when so folded again fold three times 7,fig4 #a72 the paper now should again take the square shape1 but much reduced in size4 ,take the paper when so folded between the forefinger and thumb of each hand1 and pinch it into the star-like form shown in ,fig4 #c4 ,then open out the paper as at the beginning1 being careful not to press it flat1 but to retain clearly the marks of all the folds1 which should be impressed as shown in ,fig4 #b4 ,catch the opposite corners at the points a and b and c and d respectively between the fingers and thumb of each hand1 and by gently twisting and screwing the paper1 humour it so that the folds will arrange themselves and leave the paper as shown in ,fig4 #d4 ,turning now to ,fig4 #d1 fold the point a to the point b1 c to d1 and e to f1 which should then leave the paper as shown in the ,fig4 #e4 ,insert the point g of that figure into an opening that will be found between the points h and i1 and the purse1 properly closed1 is complete4 ,illustration3 ,paper ,purses4 ,the chief of the paper toys made by merely folding the paper have now been described2 there are doubtless many other simple ones that need no description1 and it has not been considered advisable to enter into the details as to the many simple toys that may be cut out of stiff paper or cardboard4 ,light-fingeredness1 guided by a very small quantity of ingenuity and inventive powers1 will suggest the uses to which cardboard may be put as an in-door amusement in the manufacture of sundry toys and other miniature articles4 ,a very nice suite of doll's furniture may be readily cut out of pieces of stiff cardboard4 ,,parlour ,,bowls4 ,this is an interesting game1 adapted for any number of persons1 and in principle is very similar to the game of ,bowls1 as described at large among the ,lawn ,games4 ,the balls are1 of course1 very different in size to those used out of doors1 and are made and adapted for in-door play4 ,each player is provided with two balls of the same colour1 which he bowls towards a jack or die1 the jack being placed at the side of the room opposite to that from which the players are stationed4 ,the players decide the order in which they play1 and then each one alternately bowls one of the balls towards the jack1 and he who succeeds in placing his bowl nearest to the jack wins the game4 ,when the players are more than three they may be divided into opposing sides1 and it is then legitimate to play so as to knock an opponent's bowl away from1 or a partner's bowl near to1 the jack2 scores should then be calculated after each round1 according to the various distances that the bowls are from the jack4 ,the game described in this book as ,german ,balls is sometimes also known as ,parlour ,bowls4 ,,parlour ,,croquet4 ,there are three versions of the lawn game of ,croquet that are played in-doors1 and are known as ,carpet ,croquet1 ,parlour ,croquet1 and ,table ,croquet respectively4 ,these are all recently introduced games1 and are deservedly popular4 ,the mallets1 balls1 and arches are made of different sizes and shapes according to the game2 they are all more or less similar to those used in the out-door game1 and may be obtained1 with the necessary rules1 which are only adaptations of the rules of the out-door game1 of the toy-dealers4 ,each version of the game may be played by eight or any less number of players4 ,the peculiarity of ,carpet ,croquet is1 as its name implies1 that it is played on the carpet1 and the hoops used are fitted into flat metal stands1 so that the balls roll over the stand without hindrance4 ,parlour ,croquet is played on a mahogany board lined with cloth1 and which is made level by means of adjusting-screws fitted underneath4 ,table ,croquet is played on an ordinary dining-table1 and with the other materials for playing the game are supplied cloth cushions to place round the edge of the table to prevent the balls from rolling off4 ,,parlour ,,quoits4 ,an in-door game played with rings very similar to those used in the lawn game of ,quoits is known variously as ,parlour ,quoits1 ,annulette1 and ,ringolette4 ,the game bears but slight resemblance to the out-door game of ,quoits1 but is more nearly allied to that of ,skip or ,ring the ,nail1 which will be found among the ,minor ,out-door ,games4 ,the game is one of skill1 and is adapted for any number of players2 it is played on a round board1 or sometimes on an inclined plane4 ,on the board nine pins1 pegs1 standards1 or skittles of various colours1 or differently numbered1 are fixed1 and the game consists in the players endeavouring to throw each of nine rings--coloured or numbered1 as the case may be1 to correspond with the pegs--on to its appropriate peg1 each player counting towards game the number of the rings successfully thrown upon the proper pegs4 ,penalties are incurred by lodging a ring on any peg other than that to which it is proper4 ,each player alternately should throw all the nine rings4 ,,patchesi1 ,,or ,,homeward ,,bound4 ,this is one of the many varieties of the ,race ,game1 described more in detail under that heading further on2 the game of ,homeward ,bound differing in that it should be played by four persons instead of an indefinite number1 as in the ordinary race game4 ,each player is provided with dice and dice-box1 or1 if it be preferred1 the game may be played with a common numbered teetotum4 ,the board on which the game is played is arranged as shown in the accompanying diagram1 and three pieces or men are allotted to each player1 who--according to the throws of the dice1 and subject to such laws as have been laid down1 or as may be laid down1 by the players--has to move these men first along the two outer rows of squares up towards home1 returning the reverse way1 and ultimately up the centre row to home4 ,whoever first reaches home wins the game4 ,illustration3 ,patchesi4 ,,pegasus ,,in ,,flight4 ,this is one of the few balancing toys which may be readily made1 and which will afford much amusement to all1 and wonder to those who have not taken the pains to understand the principle on which it is constructed4 ,it furnishes a solution of a popular mechanical problem or paradox1 viz41 how to prevent a body1 having a tendency to fall by its own weight1 from falling1 by adding to its weight on the same side on which its tendency is to fall4 ,illustration3 ,pegasus in ,flight4 ,the ,pegasus in ,flight when complete is fairly represented in the accompanying illustration4 ,it should be made out of a small toy figure of a horse in which the centre of gravity is found in1 or very near to1 the middle of the body4 ,the wings1 which are merely added for the sake of adornment1 and to make the toy resemble in appearance the fabled charger after which it is named1 should be attached to the figure at a point just behind the shoulders2 the wings should be of equal weight and so adjusted as to keep the balance of the figure true4 ,they may1 however1 if desired1 be entirely dispensed with1 or any other addition1 according to fancy1 may be put upon the horse's back4 ,a wire bent to a curve1 and to the end of which a small leaden ball has first to be attached1 is to be fastened to the middle of the under part of the horse4 ,upon the hind feet of the horse being then set at rest on the edge of a table1 and in such a position that the leaden ball is beneath the edge of the table1 the animal may be made to rock to and fro without any fear of its being upset1 and the longer the wire1 provided only the proper curve is given to it1 the longer will be the distance that the toy will sway upwards and downwards4 ,this toy is also sometimes known by the name of the ,mechanical ,bucephalus1 but it should then be made minus the wings1 as is also the case when it is simply exhibited under the still more common description of the ,prancing ,horse4 ,,pith ,,dancer4 ,the ,pith ,dancer is a very pleasing dancing toy1 and possesses the great merit of being easily made4 ,it is a little figure made of cork1 pith1 or some other equally light material4 ,at one end of the substance cut out a head and bust1 and at the other end stick in four hog's bristles of equal length1 so that the figure will stand erect thereon4 ,to make the figure effective in appearance1 paint the face1 put a little cap on the head1 add a pair of arms1 and dress it in a cloak which may be made of some light stuff like tissue paper4 ,when the figure is completely made and equipped1 stand it on the bristles upon the sounding board of a piano1 and play some brisk and lively tune4 ,the vibration of the piano will then make the figure dance with much spirit1 vivacity1 and originality4 ,,prancing ,,horse4 ,see ,pegasus in ,flight4 ,,prophet4 ,the ,prophet1 or ,sybil1 as it is sometimes called1 is a toy affording much amusement and diversion for the youngsters during the winter evenings4 ,by its aid fortunes may be told and predictions as to circumstances of the future made with great confidence1 for if the predictions should happen by any chance not to come true1 the whole responsibility can be readily cast upon the ,prophet4 ,the toy is easily made1 and by varying the table of prognostications the ,prophet's opinion on an almost endless variety of topics may be taken4 ,illustration3 ,the ,prophet1 or ,sybil4 ,to make the toy1 cut a piece of pasteboard1 a few inches in diameter1 into a circle1 and ornament the edges with some pieces of fancy paper4 ,then mark on the white surface of the pasteboard twenty equal divisions1 by means of lines radiating from the centre1 and within each division place a number ranging in order from one to twenty4 ,the figure of the ,prophet should be made so that he has a venerable and sedate appearance1 should be clothed in a robe reaching to his feet1 and he should hold in one hand a small rod for a wand1 which is to be made pointing downwards4 ,the figure may perhaps be purchased1 but it is better that it should be made1 as it may then be more readily adapted to the taste or fancy1 and it can be easily cut out of wood1 cork1 cardboard1 or some other material4 ,it will add much to the general appearance if the ,prophet be supplied with a loose white beard4 ,when the card and figure are finished1 the card is to be mounted upon a small wooden stand1 through the centre of which a steel wire is placed1 and the figure of the ,prophet is to be fixed on the wire in such a manner that it may revolve freely4 ,the next thing to be done is to draw up a table of prognostications1 which must equal in number the spaces marked upon the cardboard disc4 ,this may be done in many ways4 ,sometimes the company present may be requested each to supply a set1 or to supply alternately one of a set2 or it is better1 perhaps1 that he who is about to show off the oracle should previously have supplied himself with several sets1 one of which1 of course1 must only be used at a time4 ,the sets should be so arranged that each one is complete in itself1 and the various prognostications in a set should bear some sort of relation one to the other4 ,when all is ready1 the performer should desire some one of the company to have his or her fortune told4 ,the prognostications to be used are then to be handed to some other person1 and the figure of the ,prophet is to be set spinning1 and according to the number of the division at which the wand of the ,prophet points when it comes to a standstill1 so1 according to the prognostication bearing the corresponding number1 may the fortune of the inquirer be expected to be4 ,the following prognostications may either be used1 or may serve as models upon which tables can be drawn up3-- #a4--;,at the end of a changeful life1 wealth4 #b4--;,early and prosperous marriage4 #c4--;,great success at school4 #d4--;,a speedy and important journey4 #e4--,will spend much time from home4 #f4--;,hours of pleasure1 followed by years of care4 #g4--,may expect to be thwarted4 #h4--,will have invitations to numerous parties4 #i4--;,all work and no play makes ,jack a dull boy4 #aj4--,travels by land1 and voyages by sea4 #aa4--,many changes will be your lot4 #ab4--;,it will be your misfortune1 not your fault4 #ac4--;,a hearty playmate and a constant friend4 #ad4--;,changes in love at an early date4 #ae4--;,a long life and a merry one4 #af4--;,fears from a rival1 but success ultimately will be yours4 #ag4--;,beware of a false friend4 #ah4--;,bright and cheerful in youth4 #ai4--,unhappy ere long1 but the sunshine will follow in the end4 #bj4--,your present sweetheart will not be your mate4 ,it will be seen that some of the above are very definite1 but it is generally advisable that the prognostications should be vague1 and capable of more than one interpretation1 or the infallibility of the ,prophet is likely not to be implicitly believed in4 ,the ,prophet is a very useful toy to introduce into a drawing-room entertainment for children1 especially where he is not known 7and he is not frequently met with72 a few sets of prognostications will prove a source of a good half-hour's fun with a lot of inquiring youngsters4 ,,puff ,,and ,,dart4 ,the game of ,puff and ,dart is very similar to that already described under the heading of ,dart and ,target1 and is one of the games included by many under the more general description of ,drawing-room ,archery4 ,the dart is made in the same manner1 but of a smaller size1 as is the dart used in the game of ,dart and ,target1 but instead of being thrown from the hand towards the target as in that game1 it is in this propelled through a small tube by a puff of the breath4 ,the target is precisely similar to the target used in the sister game4 ,darts shot by the breath through tubes are favourite weapons of offence among certain ,indian tribes2 they1 however1 first dip the tip of the dart in some poisonous substance1 and then send it at the enemy4 ,it is a deadly weapon1 and the tribes using it are very skilful both in their aim and in the force with which the weapon is directed4 ,,push ,,pin4 ,the game of ,push ,pin is certainly a game that does not require a vast amount of ingenuity or intelligence to indulge in with success4 ,it is very contemptuously described in ,strutt's ,sports and ,pastimes in the following language3--,push ,pin is a very silly sport1 being nothing more than simply pushing one pin across another4 ,but as this description is somewhat vague1 it is well to enlarge a little on the simple1 but yet to many amusing and interesting1 game of ,push ,pin4 ,the game is usually played by two players only1 and each player puts down on the table one1 two1 three1 or more pins1 as may be decided upon4 ,at starting the pins are to be placed in couples1 head to head1 one pin of each couple being placed by each player4 ,each player then alternately pushes his pin with his finger-nail1 endeavouring to push it across his opponent's pin1 and should he succeed both pins become his1 but if he fail his opponent plays4 ,the push is not to be a continued push1 but a sort of a shove with the finger-nail1 by bending it on the table and letting it fly up to hit the pin in the required direction4 ,,puzzle-,,wit4 ,see ,magic ,fan4 ,,quintain4 ,the ,quintain is another balancing toy1 very ingenious in construction1 which1 although it may be made at home1 will be found somewhat difficult of construction4 ,one of the leading toy-makers thus describes its manufacture3--,carve the bust of a man with a ferocious face2 on the face gum a ,turkish beard and moustaches2 let one arm be extended1 half bent1 holding a wooden scimitar1 and the other bear a shield1 adorned with an opening1 crescent-shaped1 in which hangs a little bell4 ,load the base of the figure with lead1 and poise it on a pin1 on which it shall so freely revolve as to move at a touch1 even so slight as that of a feather4 ,now1 whoever1 trying to make the bell ring with his finger1 does not thrust at it very quickly1 the figure1 turning round1 will deal him a smart blow on the forefinger knuckle with the sabre4 ,the principle on which the ,revolving ,ring or the ,revolving ,image works is precisely similar to that of the ,quintain4 ,illustration3 ,quintain4 ,,quiz4 ,see ,bandilor4 ,,race ,,game4 ,the ,race ,game is an interesting round parlour game1 which may be indulged in by any number of players up to twelve4 ,it has seen many imitations and modifications of it brought into use1 and the games of the ,university ,boat ,race and the ,national ,volunteers may be instanced as two specimens of more than ordinary interest2 the first of these1 however1 can only be played by two persons at a time4 ,the ,race ,game proper is played on a board1 and is subject to rules supplied with the board and the other materials for the game4 ,the board is marked into divisions1 and at certain distances obstacles1 such as fences1 hurdles1 and ditches are placed1 for the horses participating in the race to clear4 ,the players having determined the order of playing1 each one selects his horse1 and places it at the starting-point4 ,dice and dice-box1 or a numbered teetotum1 are used1 to denote the number of divisions the player's horse is entitled to pass over1 but should that number land the horse in any one of the brooks or ditches1 or upon the fences or hurdles1 the throw of the dice1 or1 as the case may be1 the spin of the teetotum1 does not count1 and the horse waits for another chance of a move when his player's turn next comes round4 ,each player alternately takes his chance of moving4 ,the rules by which the game is governed vary considerably1 and may be modified in any way agreeable to all the players4 ,the following are given merely as specimen rules1 as they are the substance of those most frequently supplied with the game3-- ,illustration3 ,race ,game4 #a4--,when the stakes are agreed upon and the pool made1 each member must select his horse1 and then enter him at the starting-point4 #b4--;,each member throws1 or spins1 for choice of move2 the highest number claims the first move1 and the others according to the number thrown4 #c4--,the horse that reaches the winning-post first gains the pool1 the second horse saving his stakes4 #d4--,steeple or hurdle races can be played by placing fences and hurdles along the course1 and any player throwing a number that would place his horse so that he does not clear the fence forfeits his throw1 and waits his next turn4 ,although the game is made more interesting when played with the materials supplied at the toy-shops1 these are by no means indispensable4 ,any ordinary board1 or school slate1 may be marked into the necessary course and divisions over which the horses are to travel2 a few horses may be readily cut out of some stiff cardboard1 and a common teetotum will furnish all the materials absolutely needed for the game4 ,it will be found that the game1 so arranged for1 will well repay any little trouble taken in manufacturing and obtaining the necessary horses and race-course4 ,,racquets 7,,drawing-,,room74 ,the game of ,drawing-room ,racquets is an adaptation of the old-fashioned play of ,cup and ,ball1 so far as is possible1 to the game of ,racquets played within doors1 and in a more or less limited space4 ,the game is usually played by three persons1 but the number is immaterial1 and may be increased according to the size of the room in which it is played4 ,the game consists in throwing the ball or balls from one cup held by one player to some other cup held by some other player4 ,it is best that the balls should be passed round to the different players in order4 ,,revolving ,,ring4 ,a ring or a small figure may be so constructed and arranged as to be easily balanced on the top of one of the fingers4 ,take a piece of wood and cut it into the form of a ring1 or get a small wooden ring that is perfectly round2 fasten to it two oar-shaped pieces of wood about double the length of the diameter of the ring2 balance the ring when so furnished on the point of a pin1 and then1 if the balancing has been properly arranged1 upon the head of the pin being placed upon the tip of the forefinger the ring may be made to revolve quickly1 and at the same time retain its balance1 by blowing1 at first gently1 and then with more force1 upon the oar-shaped appendages attached to the ring4 ,a small figure may be worked in the same manner by cutting a piece of wood to a point1 and carving the opposite end into the form of the head and shoulders of a man2 the pair of oars should be attached in the place of arms1 and then1 if care to make the point of the wood exactly in its centre has been taken1 the figure will stand upright on the tip of the finger1 and by blowing he may be made to revolve in a most amusing manner4 ,the ,revolving ,figure is a more amusing toy than the ,revolving ,ring2 but in that it requires so much more nicety and delicacy of handling to get the proper balance1 it is not so easily made4 ,there is a capital game known by the name of ,revolving ,ring1 adapted for either out-door or in-door games4 ,it is played with variously coloured balls1 which are thrown at rings similarly coloured4 ,the rings are fitted to a board1 and in such a way that with the slightest touch on the rims they revolve4 ,the object of the game is to throw the six balls through the revolving rings1 the players taking their stand from the board at some specified distance4 ,each successful throw counts three2 and when a ball is thrown through the ring of the same colour the player scores six4 ,,ringolette4 ,see ,parlour ,quoits4 ,,ring ,,the ,,bull4 ,this is a game very similar to but somewhat more simple than that of ,parlour ,quoits4 ,it also is a game of skill4 ,it is played upon a wooden block1 in which are inserted a number of long iron pins1 on which the player has to throw rings provided for that purpose4 ,the players score according to the number of rings that are so thrown as to encircle a pin4 ,,royal ,,star4 ,the materials for this game are a large star with eight long rays1 each one of which is painted some different colour2 and eight wooden balls painted to correspond with the colours of the rays of the star4 ,the rays of the star are not fixtures1 but their bases are merely slipped into grooves in the body of the star1 so that they can be easily knocked out with the balls4 ,illustration3 ,royal ,star4 ,to play the game1 each player alternately takes all the eight balls1 and standing away from the star at a certain specified distance throws the balls at the star1 endeavouring by that means to knock out the rays4 ,if a player should succeed in striking out a ray of the same colour as the ball1 two points are scored1 but if the ball and the ray knocked out are not of the same colour1 one point only is scored4 ,if in any throw the star is altogether missed1 three points are to be deducted4 ,when the first player has thrown the eight balls1 such rays as may have been knocked out are replaced1 and the next player takes the balls and commences the game1 and so on until all have had a chance4 ,it is well that a curtain or screen should be arranged behind the star to stop the balls4 ,,schimmel4 ,the game of ,schimmel1 or1 as it is generally known1 of ,bell and ,hammer1 is a most amusing round game of ,german origin4 ,the materials for playing the game are comparatively inexpensive1 and as some of them can be prepared by any ordinarily clever lad--and all lads are clever--there is no reason why this game should not1 were it but better known1 attain much more popularity than it seems to be favoured with4 ,the materials required are-- #a4--;,five small cards1 on each of which are drawn or painted one of the following figures3 ,on one card a white horse1 on another an inn1 on the third a bell1 on the fourth a hammer1 on the fifth a bell and a hammer4 #b4--;,eight wood1 bone1 or ivory cubes of the size of dice1 marked on one side only1 six of which are numbered respectively with the numerals #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 and #f2 the other two cubes being marked1 the one with a bell1 and the other with a hammer4 #c4--;,a dice box with which to throw the cubes4 #d4--;,a hammer for knocking down the cards to their respective purchasers1 which are disposed of by auction1 as set forth hereafter4 #e4--;,a bag of counters4 ,the game may be played by an unlimited number of players1 the more the better1 it being especially advisable that at least seven should join in the game4 ,the mode of procedure is as follows3--,one of the players is to be selected as cashier1 and to him has to be entrusted the bag of counters4 ,a considerable number of these should be equally divided among all the players1 and if it is desired they may be taken to represent value4 ,nuts make good substitutes for counters1 as to those players not yet troubled with indigestion they possess in themselves a certain value1 especially if it be understood that all winnings may be retained 7or eaten74 ,illustration3 ,the ,materials for ,schimmel4 ,a pool has to be formed1 into which each player pays twelve counters4 ,it is then the duty of the cashier to sell by auction to the highest bidders the five cards1 the produce of which also is paid into the pool4 ,each player is at liberty to purchase as many of the cards as he may be inclined1 and1 moreover1 he is not bound to pay for all1 but is at liberty to take credit for a certain portion of his purchases if they exceed the number of counters originally dealt out to him2 only payment of the debt so incurred must be considered as a first charge on subsequent winnings4 ,the cards will1 by experience at the game1 be found to be of various values2 but the number of counters to be paid for each is determined by the speculative natures of the players1 and it1 indeed1 often happens that those players who invest in no cards at all are at the end of the game the richest in the matter of wealth as reckoned by counters4 ,the respective values of the cards are as follows3--,the white horse ranks first1 and immediately after him comes the inn1 the cards representing respectively the bell and the hammer are of about equal value1 and come next1 while that representing both the bell and the hammer is lowest in the scale1 and is worth just half that at which either of the two cards on which are painted the single figures is valued4 ,the cubes are then to be thrown by the players alternately1 their order having been previously arranged1 it being always allowed1 however1 that the possessors of cards take precedence over the other players1 and over each other1 according to the relative values of their cards4 ,it should be stated rather that each player alternately is entitled to a throw of the cubes or dice1 for any player is at liberty to sell his throw to any other player inclined to speculate therein4 ,when the cubes are thrown and show uppermost all blanks1 all the players have to pay one counter each to the holder of the white horse1 and he again pays one to the holder of the inn4 ,if the cubes turn up with the bell or the hammer1 or with the bell and the hammer1 the holder or holders of these cards pay one counter to the white horse4 ,when the bell1 hammer1 or bell and hammer are thrown accompanied with numbers1 the amount of the numbers thrown has to be paid in counters to the holder or holders of the cards out of the pool2 if numbers are thrown unaccompanied with either bell or hammer1 or bell and hammer1 the thrower of the cubes receives from pool the number of counters indicated by the cubes4 ,it is when the pool is becoming exhausted that advantages accrue to the holder of the inn1 and this indeed is usually found to be a very speculative holding4 ,if any player in his throw shows numbers combined greater than the number of counters remaining in the pool1 he receives nothing from pool1 but pays to the holder of the inn the difference between the number of counters remaining and the number indicated by the cubes2 for example1 if five counters are remaining in pool1 and seven are shown uppermost on the thrown cubes1 the player who threw the cubes pays two counters to the holder of the inn1 and leaves the five counters in the pool4 ,so on the play proceeds1 until some figure is thrown which1 clearing the pool1 concludes the game4 ,after the holder of the inn card begins to receive payment1 should all blanks be thrown1 the players throwing the cubes pay nothing2 but instead1 the holder of the white horse pays one counter to the holder of the inn2 should the bell or hammer1 or bell and hammer be thrown with the blanks1 the holder or holders of the card or cards indicated each pays one to the holder of the inn4 ,if numbers are thrown accompanying the bell1 c41 the holder of that card pays to the inn the number thrown in excess of the number of counters remaining in the pool4 ,,shovel ,,board4 ,the game of ,shovel ,board was once a very important national pastime1 and was much played among fashionable people4 ,master ,slender1 in ,the ,merry ,wives of ,windsor1 makes a reference to the game1 from which it would appear that ,shovel ,board was in ,shakspere's time both popular and fashionable4 ,the game was formerly played upon a long1 low table that usually stood in the large hall of a gentleman's house1 but was soon adapted to smaller tables1 and was indeed frequently played on the floor1 the necessary limits being chalked out on the bricks4 ,the following description of the game will be found applicable1 whether it be played on the floor or on the orthodox table or board1 it being premised that the space marked out on the floor should be about twenty-five or thirty feet in length and three feet in breadth1 a space corresponding with the size of an ancient ,shovel ,board4 ,the tables on which the game is now played vary somewhat in length1 but are usually three feet to three and a half feet wide4 ,at one end of the table a line is drawn parallel with the edge1 and three or four inches from it2 at four feet distance another line is made over which it is necessary for the weight to pass when shoved or thrown4 ,the players stand at the end of the table1 opposite to the two lines above mentioned1 each having four flat metal weights1 which they alternately shove from them one at a time4 ,the object of the play is to give sufficient impetus to the weight to carry it beyond the mark nearest to the opposite edge of the table1 but so as to keep it on the table4 ,if the weight is shoved so that it hangs over the edge without falling1 three are counted towards game2 if between the line and edge1 without hanging over1 two are scored2 if on the line one only is credited to the player4 ,the game is usually eleven when two play1 but when more than two are jointly concerned that number should be increased4 ,illustration3 ,shovel ,board4 ,those weights that glance off the side of the table1 that do not pass the first line1 or that fall off the table at the opposite edge1 it will be seen do not score4 ,it is sometimes allowed that all weights passing the first1 or four-foot line1 score one1 instead of making it incumbent that the second line should be reached4 ,the following description of the game1 which differs somewhat from the above1 appears in the ,english ,cyclopdia3--,the origin of the game ,shuffle1 or ,shovel ,board1 is doubtful2 it has been practised for many generations 444 and has lately been largely introduced into ,america4444 ,the board1 or alley1 is thirty feet long by twenty inches wide1 perfectly level1 like a billiard table1 and constructed of some wood which will not warp4 ,before commencing to play1 it is sprinkled with fine sand1 and five inches from each end a line is drawn across the board1 parallel with the ends4 ,eight weights or pieces are required1 divided into two sets of four each1 and marked with distinctive features4 ,the game is played by four people1 two against two1 one on either side standing at each end of the board4 ,twenty-one points have to be scored to win a game2 each piece which lies over or inside the line1 at the end of a round being 'in1' and scoring two points in favour of the side to which it belongs1 whilst a piece partly projecting over the end of the board scores three points4 ,should no piece be 'in' at the end of a round1 that nearest the line counts as one point1 and a piece lying exactly on the line is counted 'in4' ,the players 'shuffle' alternately from each end of the board1 the great object of each competitor being to 'shuffle' his own piece in1 or drive his opponent's off the board4 ,,skittle ,,cannonade4 ,the game of ,skittle ,cannonade1 or ,indian ,skittle ,pool1 is a capital game for boys4 ,it is in its higher development played on an ordinary billiard-table1 but a bagatelle board will answer all the purpose1 or it may even be played on a common dining-table1 provided that round its edges are placed such cushions as are supplied with a ,table ,croquet set4 ,illustration3 99#c 99#d 99#e 99#b 99#a ,plan of ,skittle ,cannonade4 ,two white balls1 one red1 and one blue ball are used in the game1 and five small skittles are placed in the centre of the board or table4 ,the skittles are of different values1 and are numbered as follows 7as shown in the accompanying plan74 ,the first opposite to the baulk is one1 that to the right two1 that opposite to the first1 three1 the one opposite to the second1 four1 and the centre skittle1 five4 ,the points are made by knocking down the skittles1 as shown hereafter1 each skittle knocked down counting points according to its number4 ,in commencing to play1 the red ball is placed as in the ordinary cannon game of billiards1 the blue one beneath it1 and the two white balls are retained for the two players who play first4 ,the white balls should be played with alternately by the players1 and no score is made except from a cannon1 that is1 the ball struck with the cue must hit some other ball before the skittle is knocked down2 but it does not then matter by which ball the skittle or skittles are knocked down4 ,the first player is bound to strike the red ball1 and the second player the blue ball1 but afterwards either ball may be struck at4 ,a ball being knocked off the table1 or into a pocket when a billiard-table is used1 destroys all the points made by the stroke1 and if the ball knocked off is either the red or blue ball it must be again placed as in starting the game4 ,the skittles are replaced after every stroke1 if necessary4 ,thirty-one points1 neither more nor less1 win the game2 any one scoring beyond that number is dead and out of the game2 or the survivor from amongst all the players wins the game if no one player scores the exact thirty-one required4 ,any player knocking down the four outside skittles1 leaving only the centre one standing1 wins the game1 having made what is technically called the royal4 ,after each win a new game is started4 ,the player who first reaches either twenty-nine or thirty points has the right to stop scoring on his declaring to do so1 and any point which he may subsequently make counts to the advantage or disadvantage1 as the case may be1 of the previous player4 ,this right to stop scoring can only be exercised by one player in each game1 and if he who first reaches the required number of points refuses to exercise that right1 it passes to the next who attains the required number1 and so on4 ,there is also another version of the game of ,skittle ,cannonade played on a board specially prepared1 and the result of which depends entirely upon chance4 ,a teetotum1 as in the game of ,cannonade1 is used instead of balls and a cue1 or sometimes a top is made to do duty for the teetotum4 ,nine specially-made skittles are used1 each of which is placed on a spot inscribed with a number4 ,when the skittles are placed1 the top or teetotum is smartly spun at one corner of the board by each player alternately1 and the scores are made according to the numbers which are laid bare by the skittles being knocked off them4 ,the great point in the game is to give the top or teetotum a smart jerk when spinning it1 so as to make it retain its power of movement as long as possible4 ,this description of the game is far inferior to the version described above1 but the whole of the materials form a pretty toy1 and much amusement for the youngsters is to be obtained from the game4 ,,slate ,,games4 ,there are a few simple slate games which have been in the past1 and no doubt will be in the future1 the means of affording innocent amusement to many a youngster4 ,they are none of them very elaborate1 are usually intended for only two players1 and are best grouped together under the one general heading of ,slate ,games4 ,the first to be described is the game known as ,birds1 ,beasts1 and ,fishes4--,two boys take their slates1 and each one writes down the first and last letters of the name of some bird1 beast1 or fish1 first stating from which category the name is selected1 and puts a cross for each of the intermediate letters4 ,for example1 ,a elects to write down the name of a beast1 and marks on his slate as follows--,hxxxe2 ,b will perhaps select a fish1 and mark on his slate ,gxxxxxn2 they then exchange slates1 and each tries to guess the name of the beast or fish indicated1 and fills up the blanks accordingly4 ,it is evident that those indicated above are respectively ,horse and ,gudgeon4 ,french and ,english4--,a slate should be divided into three divisions1 the top and bottom divisions each having a small compartment marked off therein1 as shown in the annexed diagram4 ,one of the two end divisions should be allotted to the ,english and the other to the ,french1 and marks put therein to represent the soldiers of the respective nations4 ,each player having provided himself with a well-sharpened pencil1 the game is played as follows3--,the players decide the order of play1 and he first selected1 being supposed to be ,english1 places the point of his pencil at the spot marked in the smaller compartment of the ,english division of the slate1 draws it quickly across the slate in the direction of the opposing army4 ,the pencil will1 of course1 leave a line marking its track1 and all the men of the opposite side1 through which the track passes1 count as dead4 ,each player plays alternately1 and he wins who first kills all the men on the opposite side4 ,the track of the pencil must be rapidly made1 and must be either straight or curved2 any track in which there is an angle does not count4 ,sometimes the players turn their heads or close their eyes when making the track4 ,illustration3 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 _/ 99 99 99 _/ ------------------ ,english ,french ------------------ 99 99 99 99_/ 99 99 99 _/ 99 99 99 99 ,french and ,english4 ,noughts and ,crosses1 or ,tit-,tat-,to4--,this game1 when played out of school-hours1 should be wound up with the following rhyme by him who wins the game3-- ,tit-,tat-,to1 my last go2 ,three jolly butchers1 all of a row4 ,when played out of school8 some readers will say4 ,yes2 this qualification is necessary1 for it is to be feared and deprecated that this game1 as well as that of ,birds1 ,beasts1 and ,fishes1 is frequently played in school-hours1 to while away the weary time that ought to be devoted to the solution of arithmetical or algebraical problems4 ,these slate games are undoubtedly little boys' games1 but many are the big boys who indulge in them surreptitiously1 if not openly4 ,illustration3 ,x ,o ,x ----------- ,o ,o ,x ----------- ,x ,x ,o ,noughts and ,crosses4 ,the game of ,tit-,tat-,to is played on a figure1 similar to the annexed1 made on an ordinary slate4 ,the players alternately mark in the figure--the one a cross1 and the other a nought2 he who first obtains a row either horizontally1 perpendicularly1 or diagonally wins the game1 and calls the three jolly butchers1 all of a row4 ,the object of each of the players is equally to obtain such a row1 and to prevent his opponent from obtaining one4 ,,spillikins ,,or ,,spelicans4 ,the game of ,spelicans is similar to that of ,jerk-,straws4 ,the spelicans are a number of thin pieces of ivory or bone1 cut into odd and various shapes--some like saws1 some like spears1 some like hooks1 c4 ,each spelican is inscribed with a number1 the lowest being #e and the highest #dj4 ,the spelicans are taken up in the hand of any one of the players1 except by him who plays first1 and dropped upon the table in a heap2 the other player or players1 as the case may be1 then alternately endeavour to remove a spelican from the heap either with the fingers1 or by the aid of two small hooks provided for the purpose1 without in the slightest degree disturbing any other spelican4 ,at the end of the game each player adds up the numbers marked on the spelicans he has captured1 and he who can show the highest number wins4 ,sometimes1 instead of each player alternately trying to remove one spelican1 it is allowed for one player to continue removing spelicans one by one until more than one spelican is disturbed in the same try1 when the play passes as before4 ,,squails4 ,in some places the game of ,squails bears the name of ,trails4 ,it is an amusing round game1 which can be played on any ordinary table by two or more players of an even number--not1 however1 exceeding eight4 ,each player is furnished with an equal number of coloured wooden pieces or discs1 which are called squails1 and these the player has to place at the edge of the table1 half over the edge1 and strike them with the open palm of the hand towards a small medal placed in the centre4 ,illustration3 ,squails4 ,the players should be divided into sides1 and one from each side should alternately strike a squail towards the medal4 ,an imaginary circle should be drawn round the central medal1 into which1 if it is knocked out during the play1 it must be replaced4 ,the object of the game is to secure for one's own side the largest number of squails near to the central medal1 and to obtain that it is legitimate not only to shove one's own squail towards the centre1 but also to knock an opponent's squail away or a partner's squail near to the medal4 ,the game of ,squails1 for a year or two after its introduction1 seemed in a fair way to rank among the most popular round table games1 but it soon died out and is now but little played4 ,it deserves1 however1 much more notice than it usually receives1 and we would recommend it as a great improvement on most of the elaborate toy games that are patronised so extensively4 ,a set of squails costs but a trifling sum4 ,,squeaker4 ,the ,squeaker is an instrument with which it is generally supposed that the peculiar squeak of ,punch1 in the ,punch and ,judy show1 is produced4 ,to make it1 get two little pieces of tin1 each about an inch long1 and half an inch broad1 and bend them slightly inwards4 ,now wind a piece of tape round the pieces of tin when placed together1 and fasten the whole together with thread4 ,blow through the instrument1 and by the vibration of the central piece of tape a peculiar squeaking sound will be produced4 ,another very simple squeaker is made by placing the two thumbs together alongside of each other1 and laying as tightly as possible in the hollow between the thumbs a blade of common grass4 ,if the piece of grass is then blown upon1 the same horrible squeaking noise will be produced4 ,,steady ,,tar4 ,the ,steady ,tar is another toy of the balancing order1 several of which have already been described4 ,to make this toy1 stick a needle into a cork1 and place the cork1 needle upwards1 tightly into a bottle4 ,carve the figure of a sailor--any other figure will answer equally well--out of light wood1 cork1 or pith1 and mount him on a hard wood ball4 7,see figure in the illustration47 ,through the centre of this ball run a wire1 which must be bent1 as in the woodcut1 into a half circle1 and to either end of which a small leaden weight or bullet of equal weight must be attached4 ,if the hard wood ball is then placed on the needle sticking out of the cork in the bottle1 the figure may be spun round1 and tipped in any direction2 if properly made it will always recover its erect and steady position4 ,illustration3 ,steady ,tar4 ,,summer ,,ice4#a ,this is a capital new in-door game1 founded on the celebrated ,scottish game of ,curling4 ,the materials for the game are made and supplied by some of the toy manufacturers2 but the game1 which1 although founded on ,curling1 has also some resemblance to ,shovel ,board1 may be played on any ordinary table with a plain surface4 ,the materials as supplied consist of a long mahogany folding board1 at one end of which is a circle1 and sixteen flat weights4 ,it is the object of the players to hurl the weights along the board to reach the circle at the other end4 ,after the players have delivered their weights1 that side which has the greater number of stones lying nearest to the tee or mark counts one for each weight so lying4 ,thus1 if side ,a has two weights nearer than any belonging to side ,b1 the former would count two to their score4 ,illustration3 ,summer ,ice4 ,,sybil4 ,see ,prophet4 ,,table ,,croquet4 ,see ,parlour ,croquet4 ,,targetta4 ,the game of ,targetta is a drawing-room game1 which is played on a target somewhat resembling a pedestal fire-screen1 and similar to the illustration annexed4 ,in the oval central part of the target are fixed a number of pins which are retained in their places by means of springs that are dislodged immediately upon the pins being struck4 ,the pins are thrown at by a ball attached by a long string or cord to the top of the target1 and scores are made according to the number of the pins dislodged4 ,illustration3 ,targetta4 ,,teetotum4 ,the ,teetotum is a kind of top or whirligig that is spun round by twisting the upper part between the thumb and finger4 ,it is usually of a hexagon or octagon shape1 but sometimes it is four-sided only1 and may be easily made by cutting a piece of wood of an inch or thereabouts in diameter1 and a third of an inch in thickness1 into the required shape4 ,a stick run through the middle of the disc and fixed makes it complete1 and the result is a useful rough and homely teetotum4 ,illustration3 ,teetotum4 ,originally teetotums had four sides only1 which were respectively marked with the letters ,t1 ,h1 ,n1 and ,p1 signifying ,take all1 ,take half1 ,nothing1 and ,put in again to pool4 ,the toys1 as now improved1 are made with more sides1 and are variously numbered4 ,in many of the toy games a teetotum is used in place of dice1 but simple teetotum games are played with nuts or some such things for stakes4 ,there are otherwise no special games for the teetotum2 it is mostly used in various race and other games of chance4 ,,tit-,,tat-,,to4 ,see ,slate ,games4 ,,tournament4 ,this is another new round game1 a development of and improvement upon some old friends4 ,it is played on a circular mahogany board4 ,a number of tops1 teetotums1 or champions of different colours are spun in the centre of the board by different players1 and these tops are apt to strike and knock each other about4 ,the player whose top dies nearest the centre of the board wins the game4 ,the game may be played on an ordinary tray1 or even on a table if desired4 ,,trails4 ,see ,squails4 ,,trouble ,,wit4 ,see ,magic ,fan4 ,,wonderful ,,trumpet4 ,the wonderful trumpet is a very simple toy1 and to those who like practical joking1 affords amusement1 except to the one against whom the joke is made4 ,get a tube made of tin1 wood1 or cardboard1 a piece of cork1 and the hollow part of a quill4 ,cut a slice about half an inch in thickness off the cork1 and place it about half-way down the tube1 as at a b in ,fig4 #a in the illustration4 ,next cut a second slice from the cork1 making notches round its edge1 and a hole in the centre through which to pass the quill4 ,when this is done fix it at the points c d1 contriving so that the quill will extend about two-thirds of the way down the upper compartment of the tube4 ,instead of closing up the compartment e with a piece of cork at the point c d1 wood1 tin1 or cardboard may be used1 it only being necessary that a number of small notches or holes should be cut in the material used4 ,the trumpet is then complete1 and should be represented by ,fig4 #b4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #a4--,section of ,wonderful ,trumpet4 ,the following is the use to which it is put3--,place flour1 or some harmless dust or powder1 in the compartment of the tube marked e1 block up as instructed the end at c d1 hand the trumpet to him against whom the joke is to be directed1 and instruct him that by blowing through the end of the quill protruding an effect both marvellous and unexpected will be produced4 ,blow hard1 say2 the harder the better4 ,if he carries out his instructions the flour or powder will come through the holes or notches at the point c d1 covering the face of the poor unfortunate victim4 ,viciousness in the use of this instrument should be sternly condemned--a little flour in a boy's face will not harm him1 but great care should be taken to ascertain the effects of the material placed in the tube1 as certain powders lodging in a person's eyes might do serious injury4 ,practical joking is not to be much encouraged1 but1 practised occasionally1 and with fun only for its object1 is not to be entirely condemned4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #b4--,wonderful ,trumpet4 99 99 99 99 99 ,in winding up the section on ,toy ,games and ,toy-making1 it is appropriate to quote the remarks of some of the jurors of the ,great ,international ,exhibition1 held in ,london in #ahfb1 who said in effect1 when speaking of toys generally1 in setting forth their views on the subject1 that toys should be vivid1 innocent1 and delightful2 fitted to teach children to open their eyes1 to compare and to observe1 and to make them aware how rich and varied are the phenomena of the fair world into which they have been placed1 and how much happiness is to be obtained in it4 ,the manufacture of children's toys forms a very considerable item in the leading industries of the world4 ,the ,united ,kingdom of ,great ,britain and ,ireland alone imports foreign toys to the amount of upwards of #bjj1jjj annually1 and this is entirely in addition to the considerable support given to our extensive home manufacture4 ,among the miscellaneous toys referred to at the commencement of this section were ,noah's ,arks1 and much wonder has frequently been expressed at the small sum for which toys of this nature are to be purchased4 ,they are usually the product of the skill of the ,germans and the ,tyrolese4 ,in the ,valley of ,grdnerthal1 in the ,tyrol1 where almost every cottage is a carver's workshop1 ,noah's ,ark animals are made in very large quantities from a species of pine4 ,the wood is cut into slabs1 of from fifteen inches in diameter by three inches thick1 the grain of the wood being in the direction of the thickness4 ,a circular piece1 six inches in diameter1 is cut out of the centre1 leaving a ring four or five inches broad4 ,this ring is turned in a lathe1 with chisels and gouges1 over every part of the surface1 on both sides1 and on the inner and outer edges4 ,the curvatures1 ridges1 c41 are very remarkable1 but are perfectly understood by the workmen1 and by them only4 ,the outer ridge is then cut up radially into slices1 each of which slices presents the outline of some animal on both surfaces1 the shaping of the wood in the lathe having been such as to bring about this result4 ,each separate piece is ultimately brought to completion by hand-carving4 ,one of the museums in ,kew ,gardens1 near ,london1 contains specimens of this singularly ingenious manufacture1 in various stages of progress4 ,,footnote3 #a ,this game has been registered by ,mr4 ,cremer1 of #baj1 ,regent ,street1 as has also the following one called ,targetta4 ,,mechanical ,,puzzles4 ,it would be impossible to give a complete list of the subjects that might be fairly classed under ,mechanical ,puzzles4 ,what is a puzzle to one generation is none to the next1 and so on2 new puzzles are constantly being invented and found out4 ,there are a few old ones around which a considerable amount of interest must centre because of their intrinsic merit1 and which should find a place in every book prepared for the amusement and recreation of youth2 there are also new ones not yet much known1 which should be mentioned more because of their newness1 perhaps1 than their merit4 ,,balancing ,,puzzles4 ,a few ,balancing ,puzzles have been included in the section allotted to ,toy ,games and ,toy-making2 for inasmuch as a certain amount of making was necessary1 it seemed proper to place them there1 and it is sufficient now to refer the reader to that section for some varieties in ,balancing ,puzzles that are not to be found here4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #a4--,the ,balanced ,pail4 ,the ,balanced ,pail 7,fig4 #a47--,to balance a pail suspended by its handle on a stick1 less than half of which rests on its support1 would seem to be an impossible feat4 ,it is to be done1 however1 if the following instructions be carefully followed3--,take a stick 7,c ,d71 over which the handle of the bucket or pail is to be placed1 and place the stick about two-fifths of its length on a table 7,a ,b74 ,the handle of the pail should be so placed over the stick as to be in an inclined position shown by the letters ,h ,i1 and so that the edge of the pail may touch the edge of the leg or side of the table4 ,to make the pail retain its position1 another stick 7,e ,f ,g7 will be required1 the one end of which should reach to the bottom of the pail1 the other end being fitted into a notch previously cut at the point ,e1 in the first stick 7,c ,d74 ,the stick 7,e ,f ,g7 should rest on the edge of the pail at the point ,f4 ,the bucket will thus be kept safely balanced1 and may1 provided the sticks are fairly strong1 without risk be filled with water4 ,the ,balanced ,stick4--,a stick may be balanced and made to stand upright on the top of the finger by first taking the precaution to insert into its upper end1 at about half an inch from that end1 two knives1 or two forks1 or two other articles of equal weight4 ,the stick should be of such a length that the ends of the knives are a trifle lower than the end of the stick when balanced4 ,a similar puzzle is to make a coin turn on its edge on the point of a needle1 or to make a needle turn on its point on the head of a pin4 ,for either of these puzzles1 get a bottle1 cork it tightly1 and in the cork 7which we will name ,b7 place a needle or a pin2 then take another cork 7which we will call ,x7 and cut a slit in one of its ends1 so that the coin to be balanced will fit into the slit4 ,if it is on a needle that the coin has to be balanced1 force the needle into the cork ,b point outwards4 ,now stick two common steel forks1 one on either side1 into cork ,x1 so that the forks hang downwards2 place the coin in the slit of the last-mentioned cork and the edge of the coin on the point of the needle4 ,if the needle is to be balanced on a pin1 place the needle in the same manner2 the weight of the forks will keep the toy balanced1 and enable it to be safely spun round without danger of falling4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #b4--,the ,bridge of ,knives4 ,the ,bridge of ,knives 7,fig4 #b74--,three knives may be supported by their handles on the rims of three cups or glasses in the following manner3--,place the glasses in a triangle1 each side of which shall be about equal in length to one of the knives to be balanced4 ,the blade of the first knife should rest on the blade of the second by passing over it near to the point where the handle and blade are joined1 the blade of the second passing in the same manner over the blade of the third1 which is to be made to rest on the blade of the first4 ,the handles being then properly placed on each one of the glasses forming the triangle1 the bridge will be made1 and it will be strong enough to bear a considerable weight4 ,,the ,,square ,,and ,,circle ,,puzzle4 ,cut a square piece of cardboard1 marked as shown in ,fig4 #c1 into four pieces of equal size and similar shape1 so that each piece shall contain three of the marks1 and so that none of the marks are cut4 ,fig4 #d shows that the puzzle is solved by cutting the lines ,a from a quarter down on the left-hand side to half-way across1 then down through the middle to three-quarters of the distance from the top1 and then along to the opposite side of the card4 ,the line ,b takes a corresponding course1 being commenced on the top line at a quarter of the whole distance from the right-hand side4 ,illustration3 ----------------------- ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ----------------------- ,fig4 #c4--,square and ,circle--,the ,problem4 ,illustration3 ---------------------- ,o ,o ,b ,o ,a----------,a ,o,o ,o ,b ---------,b ,o ,o,o ,a-----------,a ,o ,b ,o ,o ---------------------- ,fig4 #d4--,square and ,circle--,the ,solution4 ,,the ,,carpenter',s ,,puzzle4 ,this is very similar to the above4 ,a carpenter had to mend a hole in a floor which was two feet wide and twelve feet long4 ,the board given him to mend it with was three feet wide and eight feet long4 ,he was instructed to entirely cover the hole1 to allow no part of the board to overlap1 and he was allowed to cut the board into two pieces only4 ,he accomplished the feat by cutting the board as shown by the dotted lines in the annexed ,fig4 #e1 and joining them over the hole in the floor in the manner shown in ,fig4 #f4 ,illustration3 ------------------------ 444444444444 444444444444 ------------------------ ,fig4 #e4--;,carpenter's ,puzzle--,the ,problem4 ,illustration3 -------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,fig4 #f4--;,carpenter's ,puzzle--,the ,solution4 ,,the ,,divided ,,farm4 ,this is a still more complicated puzzle of the same description4 ,it is the last of the sort we shall give1 but many more of a like character may be constructed4 ,a ,frenchman died leaving five sons1 among whom he had expressed a wish to divide his farm1 on which ten trees grew1 so that they all might live together in the house 7represented by the dark square in the diagrams71 and so that each might have an equal share of land1 of a similar shape1 each share having two trees growing upon it4 ,fig4 #g shows the land before it was divided2 the lines in ,fig4 #h show how the fences were put up when the old man's wish had been carried out4 ,illustration3 --------------- 99 99 99 99 99 --- 99 ,x 99 99 --- 99 99 --------------- ,fig4 #g4--,the ,undivided ,farm4 ,illustration3 -------------- 99 99 ------ 99 99 99 ------ --- 99 ,x 99 99 ------ 99 99 -------------- ,fig4 #h4--,the ,divided ,farm4 ,,the ,,vertical ,,line ,,puzzle4 ,this puzzle is very old2 but1 although simple1 is very good4 ,it may be treated either as a mechanical or as an arithmetical puzzle4 ,place six narrow strips of cardboard of equal length in a row1 and add five other pieces in such a way that the whole form nine only4 ,the result is shown in the second row of lines1 the added pieces being represented by the dotted lines 7,fig4 #i74 ,this puzzle may be said to be only a play upon words1 but in most puzzles there is some catch4 ,illustration3 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,fig4 #i4--,the ,vertical ,line ,puzzle4 ,,the ,,string ,,and ,,balls ,,puzzle4 ,get a thin piece of wood1 bone1 or ivory1 of the shape shown in the annexed figure 7,fig4 #aj72 bore in it three holes--one at each end1 and one in the middle4 ,pass a piece of string or twine through the middle hole1 leaving a loop1 as shown2 on each side of the string thread a ball or ring1 and fasten the two ends of the string with knots at the holes at the end of the piece of wood4 ,the puzzle is1 without removing the string from the holes or without untying the knots1 to get both balls or rings to the same side of the central loop instead of on opposite sides4 ,the following is the solution of the puzzle3--,draw the central loop of the string well down1 and slip through it either one or other of the balls until it reaches the back of the central hole2 then pull the loop through the hole1 and pass the ball through the two loops that will thus be formed2 draw the string back through the hole as before1 and the ball may easily be passed to that part of the string on which the other ball has been strung4 ,this plan of passing the loop through the central hole is a key to all the puzzles of this nature4 ,such puzzles appear under various names1 but they may all be solved if the key to this puzzle of the ,balls and ,string is borne in mind4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #aj4--,string and ,balls ,puzzle4 ,a somewhat similar1 although more complicated puzzle1 is that known as ,,the ,,puzzling ,,rings4 ,this name1 by the way1 describes the puzzle1 but it has been so many times christened1 that no list of names could claim to be a complete list4 ,the puzzle is smart and neat1 but the parts have to be so nicely fitted1 that it would not be easy for an amateur to make it4 ,it may be purchased at a small cost at any toy-shop4 ,the following is its description3--,in a flat board of wood1 bone1 or metal are a certain number of holes--more or less1 according to the size of the puzzle4 ,in each hole a wire is loosely fixed1 beaten out into a head at one end1 to prevent the wire slipping through the hole2 and the other end is fastened to a ring1 which is also loose4 ,each wire has been passed through the ring of the next wire previously to its own ring being fastened on2 and through the whole of the rings runs a wire hoop or bow1 which also contains1 within its oblong space1 all the wires to which the rings are fastened1 the whole presenting so complicated an appearance as to make the releasing the rings from the bow seem to be an impossibility4 ,the puzzle1 nevertheless1 is to take off the rings4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #aa4--,the ,seven-ring ,puzzle4 ,the following is the plan to be followed3--,the instructions given are for removing the rings from a seven-ring puzzle 7,fig4 #aa71 that being the simplest form in which the puzzle is made2 but it should be noted for general guidance that if an even number of rings are on the bow1 the first and second are to be brought down together2 if odd1 the first one only4 ,to proceed3--,take the hoop in the left hand1 and hold the puzzle so that the first ring to be taken off is at the end farthest away from that hand4 ,draw down the first ring from the bow1 and drop it down through the bow1 so that it may be between the board and the bow2 proceed similarly with the third ring2 replace the first1 by passing it up through the bow2 bring it 7the first7 to the end of the bow1 bearing in mind that the wires supporting the rings must be perpendicular between the two sides thereof2 bring down the rings #a and #b together2 then bring down ,no4 #e2 take up #a and #b together2 bring down #a2 take up #c and #a2 bring down #a and #b together2 bring down #d2 take up #a and #b2 bring down #a and #c2 take up #a2 bring down #a and #b together2 and bring down #g2 which completes the seven-ring puzzle4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ab4--;,balls and ,rings ,puzzle4--a1 ,plan2 b1 ,side ,view4 ,to put the rings on again3--,put on #a and #b2 bring down #a2 take up #c2 and then #a2 bring down #a2 and so on1 always taking up the first or outward rings4 ,the seven-ring puzzle is1 as already stated1 the simplest of these puzzles1 as the ten-ring puzzle is usually the most complicated4 ,to perform the ten-ring puzzle it has been computed requires no less than #fha moves4 ,the instructions given above apply equally well to both1 if only the note as to an odd or even number of rings to be removed is remembered4 ,the puzzle of the ,balls and ,rings 7,fig4 #ab7 has points of similarity with the above1 and also with that of the string and balls puzzle4 ,the balls and rings puzzle is very ingenious1 and should be asked for at the toy-shop4 ,it consists of a round frame of mahogany1 about two inches in width and a quarter of an inch thick4 ,in this frame1 and at regular intervals1 are holes1 between which are placed1 on the one side of the frame1 rings1 and on the other side1 balls4 ,the rings and balls are made fast with a cord1 which passes through each ring and each ball1 and also through all the holes in the frame1 the ends of the cord being tied in a cross4 ,the puzzle is to reverse the position of both the rings and the balls from one side of the frame to the other4 ,as indicated in the ,string and ,balls puzzle1 the key to this and similar puzzles is to be found in a loop of string1 which is usually concealed in some part of the puzzle4 ,the loop should be pulled out or through the wood1 and passed over the ball nearest to it2 the solution of the puzzle will then be apparent4 ,,the ,,staff ,,puzzle1 ,,the ,,victoria ,,puzzle1 ,,and ,,the ,,artillery ,,puzzle4 ,these are all ingenious puzzles of this class1 introduced by ,mr4 ,cremer1 of ,regent ,street1 who issues the keys for the solution of the puzzles with the toys4 ,,the ,,six ,,rows ,,puzzle4 ,place twelve counters in six rows in such a manner that there shall be four counters in each row4 ,fig4 #ac shows how the puzzle is solved4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ac4--,the ,six ,rows ,puzzle4 ,,the ,,six ,,square ,,puzzle4 ,place twelve counters on a piece of slate or cardboard1 so that they would be at the angles of six squares1 as shown in ,m1 in the accompanying diagram 7,fig4 #ad74 ,the puzzle then is to take away three counters1 so that the remaining nine counters shall describe three squares only4 ,the solution is shown in ,n1 ,fig4 #ad4 ,the twelve counters form the six squares ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ,d1 ,e1 ,f1 whereas upon the counters #a1 #b1 and #ab being removed the squares ,c1 ,d1 and ,e only are left4 ,illustration3 ,m #a #b #c #d #c #d 99---99---99---99 ,n 99---99 ,a ,b ,c #f ,c #e 99---99---99---99#h #e 99---99---99---99#h ,d ,e ,f ,d ,e 99---99---99---99 99---99---99 #i #aj #aa #ab #i #aj #aa ,fig4 #ad4--,the ,six ,square ,problem--,the ,problem 7m7 and the ,solution 7n74 ,transcriber's ,note3 ,for clarity1 counters #f and #g are not labeled in board ,m1 and counter #g is not labeled in board ,n4 ,,the ,,magic ,,octagon4 ,out of a piece of stiff cardboard1 cut four of each of the three designs shown in ,fig4 #ae1 ,a1 and so join them together that they form an octagon figure4 ,the pieces numbered #a are to be fitted together in the centre1 the pieces #b and #c being placed alternately round the pieces numbered #a1 after those pieces have been fitted together 7,fig4 #ae1 ,b74 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ae4--,the ,magic ,octagon--a1 ,the ,pieces2 b1 ,the ,octagon4 ,,the ,,accommodating ,,square4 ,cut out eight squares of cardboard2 divide four of them into halves1 cutting them from corner to corner1 so that there are in all twelve pieces4 ,the puzzle is to form a square with the twelve pieces4 ,it is to be done as shown in the accompanying plan4 ,the four squares and the eight triangular pieces are numbered respectively #a to #d and #e to #ab 7,fig4 #af74 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #af4--,the ,accommodating ,square4 ,,the ,,magic ,,cross4 ,take three pieces of cardboard of the shape of the figure numbered #a in ,fig4 #ag1 ,a1 and one piece each of the shapes of #b and #c4 ,the pieces may be of any size1 but it is hardly necessary to say that relatively each one must correspond with the sizes and shapes indicated in the diagram4 ,fig4 #ag1 ,b1 shows the pieces when put together and forming the cross4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ag4--;a1 ,the ,pieces4 b1 ,the ,cross4 ,,to ,,take ,a ,,man',s ,,waistcoat ,,off ,,without ,,removing ,,his ,,coat4 ,this puzzle is almost good enough to be included among conjuring tricks1 but as there is neither magic nor sleight of hand involved1 there is no alternative but to place it here4 ,the puzzle seems ridiculous and unreasonable1 as in performing it neither the coat nor vest may be torn1 cut1 or damaged1 nor may either arm be removed from the sleeve of the coat4 ,the puzzle cannot always be performed1 as it depends upon the size of the coat-sleeves allowed by the fashions of the day1 though as a rule a coat with suitable sleeves will be found in most households4 ,the person whose waistcoat has to be removed should be the wearer of a coat the sleeves of which are sufficiently large at the wrist to admit of the hand of the operator being passed up and through them4 ,any person undertaking to perform the puzzle in a drawing-room should first request some one of the company to remove his evening coat1 and to replace it by a light spring overcoat2 this being done1 it will be easy to carry out the following instructions3 ,the waistcoat should first be unbuttoned in the front1 and then the buckle at the back must be unloosed4 ,the operator1 standing in front of the person operated upon1 should then place his hands underneath the coat at the back1 taking hold of the bottom of the waistcoat1 at the same time requesting the wearer to extend his arms at full length over his head4 ,now raise the bottom part of the waistcoat over the head of the wearer 7if the waistcoat be tight it will be necessary to force it a little1 but this must not be minded so long as the waistcoat is not torn72 the waistcoat then will have been brought to the front of the wearer1 across his chest4 ,take the right side bottom-end of the waistcoat1 and put it into the arm-hole of the coat at the shoulder1 at the same time putting the hand up the sleeve1 seizing the end1 and drawing it down the sleeve2 this action will release one arm-hole of the garment to be removed4 ,the next thing to be done is to pull the waistcoat back again out of the sleeve of the coat1 and put the same end of the waistcoat into the left arm-hole of the coat1 again putting the hand up the sleeve of the coat as before1 and seizing the end of the garment4 ,it may then be drawn quite through the sleeve1 and the puzzle is accomplished4 ,,to ,,break ,a ,,stone ,,with ,a ,,blow ,,of ,,the ,,fist4 ,to do this two stones are required1 each one of which should be from three to six inches in length1 and about half as thick4 ,place one of the stones flat1 firmly and immovably1 upon the ground1 and on it place one end of the other stone1 raising the opposite end to an angle of something like forty-five degrees1 and just over the centre of the lower stone1 with which it must form a ,t1 being kept in that position by a piece of twig or stick of the necessary length4 ,the top or elevated stone should then be smartly struck at about the centre with the little-finger side of the hand2 the stick1 of course1 will give way1 and the bottom stone will be broken to pieces4 ,,the ,,key1 ,,the ,,heart1 ,,and ,,the ,,dart4 ,this is a very old-fashioned puzzle1 and easy of accomplishment to those who know how to do it4 ,the puzzle is either to arrange the three articles in an apparently inextricable manner1 or1 if they are so arranged1 to separate them without damaging either1 or bending the cardboard out of which they should be made4 ,cut out of some tough and elastic cardboard a double-headed dart1 a key1 small at the ring end1 and a heart1 in which should be cut four angular slits1 shaped as in ,fig4 #ah4 ,to arrange them together1 the lowermost cut in the heart must be pressed out so that it will form a loop1 through which the ring end of the key has to be drawn1 and so that one end of the dart may also be passed through without breaking the cardboard4 ,then fold the dart in the middle1 so that one of its heads shall accurately fit upon the other head2 bring the loop of the heart back into its former position1 drawing it out of the ring of the key1 which should then glide down the shaft of the dart1 and hang fast held by the head4 ,to disentangle the articles1 reverse the order of procedure4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ah4 ,,the ,,prisoners' ,,release ,,puzzle4 ,take two pieces of string or tape1 and round the wrists of two persons tie the string1 as shown in ,fig4 #ai4 ,it adds to the amusement of the puzzle if one of the persons is a lady and the other a gentleman4 ,the puzzle is for them to liberate themselves1 or for any one else to release them without untying the string4 ,to do this1 ,b makes a loop of his string pass under either of ,a's manacles1 slips it over ,a's hands1 and both will be free4 ,reverse the proceeding1 and the manacles are again as before4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ai4--,the ,prisoners' ,release ,puzzle4 ,as a finish to the ,mechanical ,puzzles1 we will give the key to the world-renowned ,,hampton ,,court ,,maze4 ,upon entering the maze1 turn to the right2 afterwards1 whenever there is a choice between the left and right1 turn to the left1 and the centre will soon be reached4 ,reverse the process in coming out4 ,,arithmetical ,,puzzles4 ,under this heading we propose to give some arithmetical puzzles1 to speak of the power of different numbers1 to show some of the curious combinations of which numbers are capable1 and generally to give such examples as our space will admit to explain how the science of numbers may be made to do service for our amusement4 ,among the most popular of number puzzles are the ,,american ,,puzzles #ae ,,and #cd1 which have been christened ,boss4 ,the materials of the puzzles are very simple1 a description that may indeed be applied to all the amusements dealt with in this section4 ,the puzzles1 as purchased1 consist of a square box of sixteen small wooden cubes1 numbered from #a to #af4 ,the box of cubes may be purchased in the streets for a very trifling sum1 or it may be obtained in the toy-shops in a more elaborate form1 but still at a small cost4 ,the popularity of the game may be guessed from the statement made by a ,new ,york toy-dealer to the effect that in one day he disposed of no less than #bcj gross of a cheap variety4 ,in ,london1 street toy-vendors by the score sold them all day long for weeks together when they were first introduced1 and a leading toy-dealer in the fashionable neighbourhood of ,regent ,street says the number sold retail from his shop daily was enormous4 ,their popularity in other countries is equally great4 ,the puzzle is twofold1 and is described in the following quaint and curt manner in the little boxes sold in the streets3-- ,the ,puzzle of ,fifteen4--,remove the #af block4 ,put the pieces in the box irregularly1 and arrange them to regular order by shoving4 ,the ,magic ,sixteen1 or the ,puzzle of ,thirty-four4--,arrange the sixteen blocks so that the sum of the numbers added up in any straight line1 either vertical1 horizontal1 or diagonal1 will be #cd4 ,illustration3 ---------------- #a #ad #ae #d ---------------- #h #aa #aj #e ---------------- #ab #g #f #i ---------------- #ac #b #c #af ---------------- ,fig4 #a4--;,a ,solution of the #cd ,puzzle4 ,illustration3 ---------------- #a #ae #ad #d ---------------- #ab #f #g #i ---------------- #h #aj #aa #e ---------------- #ac #c #b #af ---------------- ,fig4 #b4--;,another ,solution of the #cd ,puzzle4 ,it would appear that the #ae puzzle has the merit of being entirely new1 a claim to which the #cd puzzle has no sort of right1 it being found in many books of old and recent date4 ,it is believed that there are in all sixteen different ways of arranging the numbered blocks so that the sum of the numbers will be #cd in every direction2 but two ways will suffice to quote here1 and they are as shown in ,figs4 #a1 #b4 ,the fascination and popularity of ,boss1 however1 all centre around the #ae puzzle2 it is the solution of that which is said to have sent some people mad1 to have made more forsake their ordinary occupation1 and which claims to have given to a still larger and ever growing number of human beings a new incentive to life4 ,the puzzle is fairly stated above in the words1 ,put the pieces in the box irregularly1 c4 ,as a first attempt1 however1 place the pieces as arranged when the #cd puzzle has been solved1 and the #ae puzzle may be easily accomplished after a little practice4 ,to describe the various moves would be unnecessary1 but the object first to be aimed at is to get the first row of cubes1 viz41 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 into their proper places1 attention being next directed to getting the #ab cube into its place2 that cube will have to be again moved before all the cubes have been consecutively arranged1 but it should always be kept as near to its proper position as possible4 ,the cubes1 when arranged1 should read as follows 7,fig4 #c73-- ,illustration3 ----------------- #a #b #c #d #e #f #g #h #i #aj #aa #ab #ac #ad #ae ----------------- ,fig4 #c4--ae ,puzzle--,the ,cubes in ,order4 ,illustration3 ----------------- #a #b #c #d #e #f #g #h #i #aj #aa #ab #ac #ae #ad ----------------- ,fig4 #d4--ae ,puzzle--,the ,cubes set for ,solution4 ,boss1 or the real ,american puzzle of #ae is to place the numbered cubes1 as shown in ,fig4 #d1 in the box1 and then to arrange them1 by sliding and without lifting any one cube1 so that they shall read consecutively4 ,it may at once be said that the ,american puzzle has never yet been solved4 ,but why8 is asked by every one1 and every one tries to solve it4 ,articles on the puzzle have appeared in many periodicals1 but no one has had the hardihood to publish a solution of the ,american puzzle4 ,an ingenious calculator has stated that the fifteen cubes may be arranged in the box in #a1cjg1fgd1cah1jjj different combinations1 and that it would take one individual a whole year to work out #aje1jjj of these arrangements1 if only one arrangement was worked out every five minutes4 ,let the reader calculate at what remote period the whole of the different orders could be tested to see whether the #ae-ad combination could be overcome4 ,it seems to have been decided that there are a certain number of the combinations that can be solved1 and that there are a certain number that cannot1 and that the number of each is equal4 ,if1 when the fifteen cubes are placed in the box1 the number of transpositions required to place the cubes in proper consecutive order is even1 the puzzle may be solved2 but if the number of transpositions required is odd1 the puzzle cannot be solved4 ,for example3 take the first solution of the #cd puzzle 7,fig4 #a71 and it will be found that six transpositions are required to place the numbers in the proper order1 viz43-- #a4 ,transpose #ad and #b #d4 ,transpose #aa and #f #b4 #ae #c #e4 #aj #g #c4 #h #e #f4 #ab #i ,the number of transpositions being even1 the puzzle is soluble2 with the #ae-ad order1 there being only one transposition necessary1 or an odd number1 the puzzle is insoluble4 ,with this information and a little practice any player may tell at a glance when any combination of the figures is shown whether the puzzle is soluble or no4 ,after the above lengthy dissertation on these clever puzzles we will now proceed to minor topics which may be treated as arithmetical amusements4 ,,the ,,magic ,,nine1 ,,or ,,the ,,puzzle ,,of ,,fifteen4 ,to arrange the numbers #a to #i in three rows1 so that the sum of each row added together horizontally1 vertically1 or diagonally shall be #ae4 ,fig4 #e shows how the arrangement has to be made4 ,illustration3 --------- #b #i #d --------- #g #e #c --------- #f #a #h --------- ,fig4 #e4--,the ,magic ,nine4 ,,the ,,magic ,,thirty-,,six1 ,,or ,,puzzle ,,of ,,one ,,hundred ,,and ,,eleven4 ,this puzzle is similar in principle to the preceding one1 and consists in so arranging the numbers #a to #cf in six rows that the sum of each row1 added together horizontally or vertically1 shall be the same 7,fig4 #f74 ,the sum of the rows will be found to be #aaa4 ,illustration3 ------------------------------ #h #cj #bg #aj #be #aa ------------------------------ #ce #f #cc #cd #a #b ------------------------------ #ag #ac #bb #ba #bd #ad ------------------------------ #bj #ai #af #ae #ah #bc ------------------------------ #e #ca #d #c #cf #cb ------------------------------ #bf #ab #i #bh #g #bi ------------------------------ ,fig4 #f4--,magic ,thirty-six4 ,there is a still more complicated puzzle of this class to be performed4 ,it is called ,,the ,,magic ,,hundred1 ,,or ,,the ,,puzzle ,,of ,,five ,,hundred ,,and ,,five4 ,this consists in arranging the numbers from #a to #ajj in ten rows1 and in such a way that the sum of the numbers counted1 horizontally1 vertically1 or diagonally1 shall be #eje1 neither more nor less4 ,this puzzle may be set when the ,magic ,nine1 the ,magic ,fifteen1 and the ,magic ,thirty-six have been solved4 ,the key is printed in ,fig4 #g4 ,upon a close examination of the key the solution of the puzzle from memory will soon become quite an easy matter4 ,observe the rows are numbered on the right hand side from #a to #e1 commencing both at the top and at the bottom4 ,it will be seen that the rows numbered #a contain the numbers #a to #aj and #ia to #ajj2 the rows numbered #b contain the numbers #aa to #bj and #ha to #ij2 the third rows contain all the numbers from #ba to #cj and from #ga to #hj2 the fourth rows contain the numbers #ca to #ci and #fj to #gj1 excluding #fa1 but including #da2 in the fifth rows the numbers run from #db to #ei1 and have also the numbers #dj and #fa4 ,furthermore1 note the lettered columns1 and it will be seen that the unit figures in columns ,a are noughts and ones1 in columns ,b twos and nines1 in columns ,c threes and eights1 in columns ,d fours and sevens1 and in columns ,e fives and sixes4 ,illustration3 ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,e ,d ,c ,b ,a ---------------------------------------- ---------- #ia #b #c #ig #f #ie #id #h #i #ajj #a ---------------------------------------- ---------- #bj #hb #hc #ag #af #ae #ad #hh #hi #ha #b ---------------------------------------- ---------- #ba #gb #gc #gd #be #bf #bg #gh #gi #cj #c ---------------------------------------- ---------- #fj #ci #ch #fd #ff #fe #fg #cc #cb #da #d ---------------------------------------- ---------- #ej #di #dh #eg #ee #ef #ed #dc #db #ea #e ---------------------------------------- ---------- #fa #ei #eh #dg #de #df #dd #ec #eb #dj #e ---------------------------------------- ---------- #ca #fi #fh #cd #ce #cf #cg #fc #fb #gj #d ---------------------------------------- ---------- #hj #bb #bc #bd #ge #gf #gg #bh #bi #ga #c ---------------------------------------- ---------- #ij #ab #ac #hg #hf #he #hd #ah #ai #aa #b ---------------------------------------- ---------- #a #ii #ih #d #if #e #g #ic #ib #aj #a ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,fig4 #g4--,plan of the ,magic ,hundred4 ,,the ,,twenty-,,four ,,monks4 ,during the middle ages there existed a monastery1 in which lived twenty-four monks1 presided over by a blind abbot4 ,the cells of the monastery were planned as shown in the accompanying figure 7,fig4 #h71 passages being arranged along two sides of each of the outer cells and all round the inner cell1 in which the abbot took up his quarters4 ,three monks were allotted to each cell1 making1 of course1 nine monks in each row of cells4 ,the abbot1 being lazy as well as blind1 was very remiss in making his rounds1 but provided he could count nine heads on each side of the monastery he retired into his own cloister1 contented and satisfied that the monks were all within the building1 and that no outsiders were keeping them company4 ,the monks1 however1 taking advantage of their abbot's blindness and remissness1 conspired to deceive him1 a portion of their number sometimes going out and at other times receiving friends in their cells4 ,they accomplished their deception1 and it never happened that strangers were admitted when monks were out1 yet there never were more nor less than nine persons upon each side of the building4 ,their first deception consisted in four of their number going out1 upon which four monks took possession of each of the cells numbered #a1 #c1 #f1 and #h1 one monk only being left in each of the other cells2 nine monks being thus on each side of the building4 ,upon returning1 the four monks brought in four friends1 when it was necessary to arrange the twenty-eight persons1 two in each of the cells #a1 #c1 #f1 and #h1 and five in each of the others2 still nine heads only were to be counted in either row4 ,emboldened by success1 eight outsiders were introduced1 and the thirty-two persons now were arranged one only in each of the cells #a1 #c1 #f1 and #h1 but seven in each of the other cells2 again1 according to the abbot's system of counting1 all was well4 ,in the next endeavour1 the strangers all went away and took six monks with them1 leaving but eighteen at home to represent twenty-four2 these eighteen placed themselves five in each of the cells #a and #h and four in each of the cells #c and #f2 the remaining cells were empty1 but the cells on each side of the building still contained nine monks4 ,on returning1 the six truants each brought two friends to pass the night1 and the thirty-six retired to rest1 nine in each of the cells #b1 #d1 #e1 and #g2 the remainder were empty1 and the abbot was quite satisfied that the monks were alone in the monastery4 ,illustration3 ---------------- #a #b #c #d ,,abbott #e #f #g #h ---------------- ,fig4 #h4--,the ,twenty-four ,monks4 ,,to ,,take ,,one ,,from ,,nineteen1 ,,so ,,that ,,the ,,remainder ,,shall ,,be ,,twenty4 ,see how it is done3 ,,xix4 7nineteen71 by taking away the one that stands between the two tens 7,,xx471 twenty will remain4 ,a similar catch is to write down nine figures1 the sum of which is #de1 from that number to take away #ej1 and to let the remainder be fifteen4 ,the numerals should be added together thus3 #abcdefghide1 or ,,xlv41 from which take away ,l4 7#ej71 and there will be left ,,xv4 7#ae74 ,,the ,,famous ,,forty-,,five4 ,the number #de can be divided into four such parts that if to the first #b is added1 from the second #b is subtracted1 the third is multiplied by #b1 and the fourth divided by #b3--the total of the addition1 the remainder of the subtraction1 the product of the multiplication1 and the quotient of the division will be the same4 ,the first part is #h1 to which add #b1 and the total will be #aj ,the second is #ab1 from which subtract #b1 and the total will be #aj ,the third is #e1 which multiply by #b1 and the result will be #aj ,the fourth is #bj1 which divide by #b1 and the result will be #aj -- #de ,again1 #de may be subtracted from #de in such a manner as to leave #de for a remainder4 ,arrange the following figures1 add the rows together1 and each row will be #de2 subtract the bottom row from the top row1 and the sum of the result added together will also be #de4 #ihgfedcbade #abcdefghide -------------------- #hfdaigecbde ,,the ,,costermonger',s ,,puzzle4 ,a costermonger bought #abj oranges at two for a penny1 and #abj more at three for a penny1 and mixed the oranges all together in a basket4 ,he sold them out1 hoping to receive back his money again1 at the rate of five for twopence2 but on counting his money he found that he had sold the oranges for fourpence less than they had cost him4 ,how this happened will be seen by following the accompanying figures4 ,the first forty purchasers of the oranges would take #bjj out of the #bdj oranges1 and taking it for granted that the fruit was equally mixed1 would receive for their money #ajj of the oranges originally bought at two a penny and #ajj of those at three a penny1 and would pay for them the sum of #fs4 #h;d4 ,the forty remaining oranges would bring in1 at the same rate1 #as4 #d;d4 only1 making #hs4 in all4 ,the cost of the fruit was1 for the first #abj1 #es41 and for the second #abj1 #cs4 #d;d41 or #hs4 #d;d4 in all1 making the loss of #d;d4 on the lot4 ,to more fully explain the matter1 we will suppose the oranges not mixed1 but standing in separate baskets1 from which1 for each purchaser1 the costermonger takes two of the two a penny oranges and three of the three a penny oranges1 disposing of them in that way for twopence2 it will then be clearly seen that the basket containing the three a penny oranges will be first exhausted1 for the first forty purchasers1 each having three oranges from one basket1 will take all the #abj oranges purchased at three a penny1 but will require only #hj oranges from the other basket1 thus leaving #dj of the two a penny oranges to be sold at five for twopence1 or a loss of fourpence on the last #dj sold4 ,,the ,,progression ,,of ,,numbers4 ,an illustration of the progression of numbers may be gathered from the description given of the ,american puzzle of #ae1 at the commencement of this section on ,arithmetical ,amusements4 ,it is there stated that the different number of combinations or different arrangements of the fifteen cubes that can be made are #a1cjg1fgd1cah1jjj4 ,the reader may prove this for himself in the following manner3--,the number of combinations that can be made with two cubes is #b1 of three cubes #f1 of four cubes #bd1 of five cubes #abj1 of six cubes #gbj1 and so on1 multiplying the result each time by one number higher than the previous result was multiplied by1 until the amazing total quoted is reached2 the arrangement of the cubes in rows and columns introducing additional variations of combinations4 ,there are numerous instances on record in which it is stated that advantage has been taken of the known progression that ensues upon a repeated doubling of a given result4 ,the ,horse-dealer's ,bargain is frequently quoted4 ,a horse-dealer having a horse to dispose of1 to which a gentleman had taken a great fancy1 was asked to name any price he thought fit4 ,wishing at the first blush to appear generous1 he offered to sell his horse1 calculating its price according to the number of nails that were used to fasten on the four shoes1 a farthing being allowed for the first nail1 a halfpenny for the second1 a penny for the third1 twopence for the fourth1 and so on4 ,upon examination it was found that it took six nails to fasten on each of the shoes1 making in all twenty-four nails4 ,the amount arrived at by repeatedly doubling the amount until the twenty-fourth nail had been allowed for was #h1gch #bs4 #h;d4 ,the story of the ,sovereign and the ,sage gives a still more wonderful result4 ,a king once1 anxious to reward one of his subjects for valuable services performed to the ,state1 asked in what way the subject would take his recompense4 ,the king and the subject were both sixty-four years of age1 and the wise man asked that he might be granted a kernel of wheat for the first year of their lives1 two for the second1 four for the third1 eight for the fourth1 sixteen for the fifth1 and so on4 ,by continuing the calculation until the result has been doubled for the sixty-fourth time1 the astounding number of #i1bbc1cgb1jcf1hed1gge1hjh will appear4 ,it is generally conceded that the average number of wheat kernels in a pint is #i1baf1 which will give #ah1dcb for a quart1 #gc1gbh for a peck1 and #ehi1hbd for a bushel1 or #ca1bgd1iig1daa1bih bushels of grain as the courtier's reward for his services1 a larger amount than the whole world would produce in several years4 ,the ,pin in the ,hold of the ,great ,eastern ,steamship is comparatively a modern calculation1 based on this principle4 ,it is calculated that #bjj pins go to the ounce1 and that if for the fifty-two weeks in the year one pin were dropped into the hold during the first week1 two in the second1 four in the third1 and so on1 that by the end of the year the weight of the whole would be no less than #fbh1bib1ceh tons of pins4 ,as the ,great ,eastern steamship was built to carry #bb1ejj tons only1 it follows that to carry all the pins there would be required #bg1ibd ships of the size of the ,great ,eastern4 ,as a last illustration of this subject we will instance the feat of counting a billion1 which all boys know is a million millions4 ,allowing that so many as #bjj1 which is an outside number1 could be counted in a minute1 it would1 excluding the #cffth day in leap years1 take one person upwards of #i1eab years before the task would be completed4 ,it is not1 therefore1 probable that any one person has yet counted a billion4 ,we next proceed to give a few of the rules showing ,,how ,a ,,number ,,thought ,,of ,,or ,,otherwise ,,indicated ,,may ,,be ,,told4 ,these rules and puzzles are numerous1 and in practising them in company it is well to have several methods at command1 in order that those of the company not in the secret may be the more mystified2 and1 indeed1 those who only know one or two ways will themselves be astonished if they see others proceeding on principles differing from those with which they are familiar4 ,the ,cancelled ,figure4--,write down on a slate a series of numbers1 the sum of each of which shall be #i3 such1 for example1 as #ah1 #bg1 #cf1 #de1 #add1 #bcd1 #fab1 #gaa1 #beb1 #cdb1 #bfa1 #cfj1 #dcb1 #cae1 c4 c4 ,the greater the variety the better4 ,tell some person to fix on two of these numbers1 and after adding them together1 to strike out any one of the figures of the result1 and then1 upon his stating the sum of the remaining figure or figures1 the figure struck out may be arrived at by ascertaining the difference between that sum and #i or #ah1 according to whether the sum is less or more than #i4 ,if the sum remaining be #i1 the figure struck out will have been #i4 ,suppose1 for instance1 the numbers selected are #gaa and #beb1 the total of which will be #ifc2 if the figure struck out of that number be #f1 the sum of the two remaining figures will be #ab1 or #f less than #ah4 ,again1 take the numbers #ah and #bg1 making a total of #de2 strike out the #e1 and it will be seen that the difference between #d and #i is #e4 ,in the following methods any number may be thought of1 and the subsequent calculations are to be mentally or otherwise made by him thinking of the number4 ,first ,method4--,instruct that the number thought of be multiplied by #c1 that #a be added to the result1 the result again being multiplied by #c1 to which result the number first thought of has to be added2 ask the result1 strike off mentally the final figure1 which will be a #c1 and the figure or figures then left will represent the number first thought of4 ,for example3-- ,the number thought of is #aa ,multiplied by #c1 it is #cc ,add #a #cd ,multiply by #c #ajb ,add the number 7#aa7 thought of #aac ,the result of which1 when told1 will show #aa to be the number thought of4 ,second ,method4--,let any number be thought of1 which we will again suppose to be #aa ,instruct that it be doubled #bb ,instruct that some stated even number be added 7say #ed7 #gf ,let the result be halved #ch ,deduct the number first thought of 7#aa7 #bg ,the result will always be the half of the number that was instructed to be added4 ,third ,method4--,multiply the number thought of by itself 7say #aa74 #aba ,take #a from the number thought of1 and multiply the result by itself 7#ajaj7 #ajj --- ,ask the difference between the two results #ba ,to this number the player1 who is exhibiting his powers1 must mentally add #abb1 and divide that number by #b1 which gives #aa1 the number thought of4 ,fourth ,method4--,add #a to the number thought of 7again #aa7 #ab ,multiply by #c #cf ,add #a #cg ,add the number thought of 7#aa7 #dh ,ask the result1 from which mentally subtract #d1 and divide the result by #d1 which will again correctly give the original number4 ,fifth ,method4--,let the number 7#aa7 thought of be doubled #bb ,add #d #bf ,multiply by #e #acj ,add #ab #adb ,multiply by #aj #a1dbj ,ask the result1 from which mentally deduct #cbj1 giving #a1ajj1 from which strike off the noughts1 and the result is again as before4 ,sixth ,method4--,let #a be deducted from the number 7#aa7 thought of #aj ,multiply by #b #bj ,add number first thought of #ca ,ask the result1 and to it mentally add #ccd1 divide by #c1 and the quotient of full numbers will be the number thought of4 ,the above methods of guessing a number thought of will be about as many as any lad can remember4 ,,magical ,,addition4 ,the following is a peculiar arrangement of the figures #a to #i1 so that by adding them together they amount to #ajj3-- #ae #cf #dg --- #ih #b --- #ajj ,to find the sum-total of three lines of figures upon the first line being shown1 let any one write down a row of figures1 and suppose they are #gfhed4 ,then take the paper1 and1 leaving space for two more rows of figures1 say that the result of the addition of that row with two other rows can be given1 the first of which rows may be written by any one present4 ,proceed by deducting #a from the final right-hand figure1 and place the figure #a on the left-hand side2 let the top row be folded over1 and the paper handed back for the second row to be written1 which we will suppose to be #cdgba2 fill in the third row by making each figure in the second row up to #i by writing #febgh2 the figures given according to the instructions will be the addition of the three rows4 #gfhed #cdgba #febgh ------ #agfhec ------ ,the addition of five rows of figures may be told in a similar manner4 ,let any one present write down1 as before1 a row of figures1 and then the calculator may undertake to tell the addition of that row with four other rows1 two of which may be written by any person or persons present4 ,this is attained by deducting #b from the unit figure1 and placing the figure #b on the left-hand side4 ,for example3 again suppose the first row to be as before 7#gfhed72 the result of the addition of that row and four others may be made to be #bgfheb4 ,after the first row has been written1 fold it over1 and request some one to write a second row of figures1 which shall be supposed to be #cdgba2 to this the magic calculator should write for the third row such figures as will make each of the above up to #i1 namely1 #febgh2 again1 let a stranger write the fourth row1 first turning over so as to conceal the second and third rows2 whatever appears for the fourth row must be in each figure1 as before1 for the fifth row1 made by the calculator to #i4 ,thus1 if the fourth row be put down #hjgfe1 the necessary figures to add for the fifth row will be #aibcd1 when the previously given total will be found to be correct4 #gfhed #cdgba #febgh #hjgfe #aibcd ------ #bgfheb ------ ,in the last two examples of ,magical ,addition the only stipulations needed are that no subsequent row shall contain more figures than are contained in the first row1 and that the first row shall end neither with a #a nor a #j4 ,,the ,,clever ,,lawyer4 ,the following good story is very old3--,a country attorney was once left executor to a will in which the testator bequeathed his stable of horses to be divided among three persons1 in the proportions of half of the horses to ,a1 a third of the horses to ,b1 and a ninth of the horses to ,c4 ,when the will was made #ah horses were in the stable1 but subsequently1 and before the death of the testator1 one died1 leaving but #ag4 ,the division according to the will now seemed impossible2 but to prevent disputes among the legatees1 the lawyer gave a horse out of his own stable1 then divided the horses according to the will1 and yet received his own back1 and all were satisfied4 ,it was done in the following manner3-- ,a received the half of #ah1 namely #i horses4 ,b third #f ,c ninth #b -- #ag ,the lawyer's horse returned #a -- #ah ,a ,,new ,,way ,,of ,,multiplying ,,by #i4 ,suppose it be required to multiply the following figures by #i1 the result may be obtained in the following as well as in the ordinary way4 ,in the first example the ordinary method has been pursued2 the new way consists in adding a #j on the right-hand side of the figures1 and subtracting the number to be multiplied4 #dfgedc #dfgedcj #i #dfgedc ------- ------- #dbjghhg #dbjghhg ,,to ,,reward ,,the ,,favourites1 ,,and ,,show ,,no ,,favouritism4 ,the proprietor of a ladies' school once received an invitation for one-half of her pupils to attend a flower show1 but was a long time before she could decide how to pick out those who ought to be rewarded without hurting the feelings of those left behind4 ,there were thirty pupils in the school1 and fifteen were to be taken and the like number left at home4 ,the following plan was the one hit upon3--,the pupils were arranged in a row1 four intended to go were placed first1 five not intended next1 and so on1 as shown below1 the letter ,a denoting those it was intended should partake of the offered pleasure1 the letter ,b denoting those it was wished to leave out1 and they were told when so arranged that the ninth girl1 and each succeeding ninth1 would be left at home4 #a #b #c #d #e #f #g #h #i #aj #aa #ab #ac #ad #ae ,a ,a ,a ,a ,b ,b ,b ,b ,b ,a ,a ,b ,a ,a ,a #af #ag #ah #ai #bj #ba #bb #bc #bd #be #bf #bg #bh #bi #cj ,b ,a ,b ,b ,a ,a ,b ,b ,b ,a ,b ,b ,a ,a ,b ,the counting commenced with ,no4 #a1 and went round and round consecutively1 each ninth pupil being dropped out1 as designated to stay at home4 ,it will be seen that those to be left were dropped out in the following order3--#ith1 #ahth1 #bgth1 #fth1 #afth1 #bfth1 #gth1 #aith1 #cjth1 #abth1 #bdth1 #hth1 #bbnd1 #eth1 #bcrd1 thus leaving fifteen only4 ,,the ,,dishonest ,,servants4 ,three gentlemen1 with their servants1 had to cross over a river in a boat in which two passengers only could be transported at one time4 ,the servants were known to have planned to murder and rob one or more of the masters if two servants were left with one master or three servants with two masters4 ,the question to be decided was how these six persons were to cross so that the boat could be returned1 and yet so that the servants on either side of the river should not outnumber the masters4 ,the following is one of the several ways in which the difficulty might have been overcome3--,two servants go over first1 one returns2 two servants go over again1 one again returning with the boat2 two of the masters next go over1 and a master and one of the previously taken servants returns2 then two of the masters again go over1 and the servant already crossed takes the boat back1 leaving the three masters safely crossed2 the servants are left to come over in any manner they choose4 ,,lord ,,dundreary',s ,,finger ,,puzzle ,,to ,,count ,,eleven ,,fingers ,,on ,,the ,,two ,,hands4 ,begin on one hand1 and count the ten fingers throughout4 ,begin next time at the finger last counted in the first round1 counting this time backwards--ten1 nine1 eight1 seven1 six--then holding up the other hand1 say ,and five are eleven4 ,,uniform ,,results ,,of ,,multiplication4 ,the digits #aehgc multiplied by #g give 44 44 #aaaaaa #cagdf #g 44 44 #bbbbbb #dgfai #g 44 44 #cccccc #fcdib #g 44 44 #dddddd #gicfe #g 44 44 #eeeeee #iebch #g 44 44 #ffffff #abfihd #g 44 44 #hhhhhh #adbheg #g 44 44 #iiiiii ,of course1 it would need the digits #aaaaaa to make 44 #gggggg ,,to ,,ascertain ,a ,,square ,,number ,,at ,a ,,glance4 ,every boy knows that a square number is a number produced by the multiplication of any number into itself2 thus #g1 multiplied by itself1 gives #di as a result1 #di consequently is a square number1 #g being termed the square root from which it springs4 ,in high numbers the extraction of the square root is an affair of time and trouble1 and after all the necessary calculations have been made it may perhaps be found that the number is not a square number4 ,this unnecessary trouble may be saved if the following instructions are remembered3--,every square number ends with one of the figures #a1 #d1 #e1 #f1 or #i1 or with two ciphers preceded by one or other of those figures4 ,again1 every square number is either equally divisible by #d1 or when divided by #d will have a remainder of #a2 thus1 as shown above1 the square of #g is #di1 which divided by #d gives us a quotient #ab and #a over2 #fd again is a square number1 and it is exactly divisible by #d4 ,,to ,,distinguish ,,coins ,,by ,,arithmetical ,,calculation4 ,request some person to place in one of his hands a bronze coin and in the other a silver one1 and to let no one know which hand contains either particular coin4 ,this may be ascertained by the following calculation3--,the calculator should assign an even number1 say #d1 to the bronze coin1 and an odd number1 say #g1 to the silver coin4 ,the person holding the coins should be requested to multiply the number assigned to the coin held in his right hand by an even number1 and that assigned to the coin held in the left hand by an odd number4 ,instruct that the products of the two calculations be added together1 and if the whole sum be even the silver coin will have been placed in the right hand1 and the bronze coin in the left4 ,if the result be an odd number1 the reverse arrangement will of course have been made4 ,we will conclude this section by stating shortly some of the ,,properties ,,of ,,numbers4 ,by a careful study of these properties many amusing arithmetical puzzles and numerical combinations may be arrived at3-- #a4 ,every odd number multiplied by an odd number produces an odd number4 #b4 ,every odd number multiplied by an even number produces an even number4 #c4 ,every even number multiplied by an odd number produces an even number4 #d4 ,an even number added to or subtracted from an even number1 or an odd number to or from an odd number1 produces an even number4 #e4 ,an odd number added to or subtracted from an even number produces an odd number4 #f4 ,the digits of the nine times multiplication table added together make either #i or #ah 7twice #i71 thus3-- #i #a #i #i #b #ah or #h plus #a #i #i #c #bg or #g #b #i #i #d #cf or #f #c #i ,and so on to #i #aa #ii or #i plus #i #ah ,then so on again up to #i times #bd1 each table making #i1 with the exception of #i times #bb #aihhiaah4 ,indeed1 the digits1 added together1 of the product of any number multiplied by #i1 will be found to be #i or a multiple thereof4 #g4 ,the digits #a to #i may be placed to form #cfbhhj combinations2 this number divided by #i gives #djcbj2 these figures added together make #i4 #h4 ,if two numbers are divisible by any one number1 their sum and their difference will also be divisible by the same number4 #i4 ,if two numbers divisible by #i be added together1 the sum of the figures will be either #i or a multiple of #i4 ,,card ,,games4 ,there is no knowing exactly when card-playing first made its appearance1 or who introduced it4 ,long before ,whist1 ,cribbage1 or ,piquet was heard of the natives of ,india and ,china amused themselves for many a long hour in card-playing4 ,though probably they did not restrict themselves to any particular rule or method1 still1 the enjoyment they derived from the game was1 doubtless1 quite equal to any that we have now4 ,the old tale1 that has so often been repeated1 that ,whist was invented purposely to entertain1 during his moments of sanity1 an ,english sovereign who had lost his reason1 may or may not be true4 ,all we really know is1 that for more than two hundred years our grandmothers and grandfathers have spent many a happy hour at the card-table1 sipping their toddy and playing their rubbers in really good earnest4 ,as far as we are concerned1 the toddy sipping may be with safety dispensed with1 but not the earnestness2 for with cards1 almost more than any other amusement1 it is utterly useless to play in a half-hearted sort of manner4 ,everything1 for the time1 must be forgotten but the game1 and into that the whole energy must be thrown4 ,as all good players know1 triflers are to be dreaded far more than inexperienced players4 ,the latter1 by practice1 strict attention1 the exercise of judgment1 observation1 and memory may soon become skilful players1 while the former will never willingly be chosen as partners by good ,whist players4 ,it is said that good old ,sir ,roger de ,coverley sent a messenger round every ,christmas time with a pack of cards to all the cottagers on his estate1 and if accompanied1 as no doubt they were1 with something useful and substantial1 nothing could have been much more acceptable4 ,,long ,,whist4 ,among all card games ,whist is unequalled1 and although no more than four players can join in one game1 a whole roomful of people may easily play at the same time by simply dividing themselves into so many quartettes1 a pack of cards being provided for each set of players4 ,for ,long ,whist four players are required1 and a complete pack of fifty-two cards4 ,the first step is for each player to draw a card from the pack1 the two highest and the two lowest being partners1 each player taking his seat opposite his partner4 ,the cards are then shuffled by the elder hand1 who is the player to the left of the dealer1 the post of dealer being allotted to the drawer of the lowest card2 after which they are cut by the younger hand1 who is the player to the right of the dealer4 ,beginning with his left-hand neighbour1 the whole pack is then dealt out to the players one by one1 faces downward1 until the last one is arrived at1 which1 though the property of the dealer1 is turned up1 displaying the trump suit4 ,if dealt properly1 every player will hold in his hand thirteen cards1 which he is now at liberty to look at and arrange in order1 the owner of each hand being in honour bound not to look at any cards but his own4 ,the object of the game is for each player to either make himself1 or assist his partner in making1 as many tricks as possible1 so that they together may gain ten points1 that number being game in ,long ,whist4 ,the player to the left of the dealer first leads a card which his left hand opponent follows with a card of the same suit2 the next player does the same1 until all four cards are upon the table1 the trick belonging to the player of the highest card4 ,should any one not be able to follow suit1 he may either play a card from another suit1 or give one of the trump suit1 and may possibly1 by adopting the latter method1 secure the trick for himself and his partner from the hands of their adversaries4 ,the winner of the trick is entitled to the next lead1 the others following him as they did the former leader1 and thus the game goes on until the full thirteen tricks are made4 ,the points gained by each side are then noted down1 either on a cribbage board or entrusted to the memory of the players1 after which another shuffling takes place1 and the cards are again distributed1 the game thus proceeding until one of the couples has obtained ten tricks1 when the game is won4 ,another way of scoring points1 and one which greatly facilitates business1 is that of counting the honours4 ,the four court cards of the trump suit are called honours1 and should any one be fortunate enough to have these four cards dealt to him in one hand1 or if he and his partner have the cards between them1 they can score four to their game4 ,three honours count for two2 but should the honours be equally distributed--that is1 should one set of partners have only two court cards between them--the other two cards of the same kind must necessarily be in the hands of their opponents1 in which case the honours are said to be divided1 and neither side reaps any advantage from them4 ,each set of partners must win six tricks1 constituting a book1 before they may score any to the game4 ,it is possible1 therefore1 for a couple of players to gain ten or eleven points during one round1 though such luck very rarely occurs4 ,it is a much more common occurrence for five or six deals to be made before the winning of a game4 ,although in playing ,whist the beginner need know nothing more than the ordinary rules of the game to enable him to take a part1 nothing but practice will make him a skilful player4 ,it is only by experience he will learn how necessary it is for him to rigidly adhere to the rules of the game4 ,whist1 like ,chess1 must be played properly1 or not at all4 ,it is1 therefore1 important that all who wish to be good ,whist players should at once make themselves thoroughly acquainted with the rules of the game1 and also learn what mistakes to avoid4 ,the following are technical terms used in ,whist3-- ,ace4--,highest in play1 lowest in cutting4 ,blue ,peter4--,a signal for trumps allowable in modern play4 ,this term is used when a high card is unnecessarily played in place of one of lower denomination--as a ten for a seven1 a five for a deuce1 c4 ,bumper4--,two games won in succession before adversaries have won one2 that is a rubber of full points4 ,five at ,short ,whist1 ten at ,long4 ,cut4--,lifting the cards when the uppermost portion 7not fewer than three71 is placed below the rest4 ,the pack is then ready for the dealer4 ,cutting in4--,deciding the deal by each player taking up not fewer than three cards1 and the two highest and two lowest become partners4 ,in case of ties1 the cards must be cut again4 ,cutting out4--,in case of other person or persons wishing to play1 the cut is adopted as before1 when the highest 7or lowest1 as may be agreed on71 stands out of the game1 and does not play4 ,call1 ,the4--,the privilege of the player at eight points asking his partner if he holds an honour4 ,have you one8 ,the partners having eight points are said to have the call4 ,when each side stands at eight1 the first player has the privilege4 ,no player can call until it is his turn to play4 ,deal4--,the proper distribution of the cards from left to right1 face downwards4 ,deal1 ,fresh4--,a fresh or new deal1 rendered necessary by any violation of the laws1 or by any accident to the cards or players4 ,double4--,ten points scored at ,long ,whist before adversaries have obtained five2 or in ,short ,whist1 five before three4 ,elder ,hand4--,the player to the left of the dealer4 ,faced ,card4--,a card improperly shown in process of dealing4 ,it is in the power of adversaries1 in such cases1 to demand a new deal4 ,finessing4--,a term used when a player endeavours to conceal his strength1 as when having the best and third best 7ace and queen7 he plays the latter1 and risks his adversary holding the second best 7the king74 ,if he succeed in winning with his queen1 he gains a clear trick1 because if his adversary throws away on the queen1 the ace is certain of making a trick4 ,the term finessing may be literally explained by saying a player chances an inferior card to win a trick with while he holds the king card in his hand4 ,forcing4--,this term is employed when the player obliges his adversary or partner to play his trump or pass the trick4 ,as1 for instance1 when the player holds the last two cards in a suit and plays one of them4 ,hand4--,the thirteen cards dealt to each player4 ,honours4--,ace1 king1 queen1 and knave of trumps1 reckoned in the order here given4 ,jack4--,the knave of any suit4 ,king ,card4--,the highest unplayed card in any suit2 the leading or winning card4 ,lead1 ,the4--,the first player's card1 or the card next played by the winner of the last trick4 ,long ,trumps4--,the last trump card in hand1 one or more1 when the rest are all played4 ,it is important to retain a trump in an otherwise weak hand4 ,loose ,card4--,a card of no value1 which may be thrown away on any trick won by your partner or adversary4 ,longs4--,long ,whist1 as opposed to ,short4 ,lurch4--,the players who make the double points are said to have lurched their adversaries4 ,love4--,no points to score4 ,nothing4 ,marking the game4--,marking the score apparent with coins1 c41 or with a whist-marker4 ,mis-deal4--,a mis-deal is made by giving a card too many or too few to any player1 in which case the deal passes to the next hand4 ,nine ,holes4--,the side when the score1 at a fresh deal1 stands at #i1 must win1 if at all1 by points only2 the honours do not count4 ,no ,game4--,a game at which the players make no score4 ,opposition4--,side against side4 ,points4--,the score obtained by tricks and honours4 ,the wagering or winning periods of the game4 ,quarte4--,four cards in sequence4 ,quarte ,major4--,a sequence of ace1 king1 queen1 and knave4 ,quint4--,five successive cards in a suit2 a sequence of five--as king1 queen1 knave1 ten1 and nine4 ,rags4--,cards of no value1 as the small numbers4 ,renounce4--,possessing no card of the suit led1 and playing another which is not a trump4 ,revoke4--,playing a card different from the suit led1 though the player can follow suit4 ,the penalty for the error1 whether made purposely or by accident1 is the forfeiture of three tricks4 ,when a ,revoke is made the penalty should invariably be enforced4 ,rubber4--,the best of three games1 that is1 two out of three4 ,ruffing4--,another term for trumping a suit other than trumps4 ,sequence4--,cards following in their natural order--as ace1 king1 queen2 two1 three1 four1 c4 ,there may1 therefore1 be a sequence of four1 five1 six1 and so on4 ,single4--,scoring at ,long ,whist ten tricks before your adversaries have scored five4 ,see-,saw4--,when each partner trumps a suit4 ,for instance1 ,a holds no diamonds1 and ,b no hearts4 ,when ,a plays hearts1 ,b trumps and returns a diamond1 which ,a trumps and returns a heart1 and so on4 ,score4--,the points gained in a game or rubber4 ,slam4--,winning every trick in a round4 ,shorts4--,short ,whist as opposed to ,long4 ,tenace4--,holding the best and third best of any suit led when last player4 ,holding tenace2 as king and ten of clubs4 ,when your adversary leads that suit1 you win two tricks perforce4 7,tenace minor means the second and fourth best of any suit74 ,treble4--,scoring five 7at ,short ,whist7 before your adversaries have marked one4 ,tierce4--,a sequence of three cards in any suit4 ,tierce ,major4--,ace1 king1 and queen of any suit held in one hand4 ,trick4--,the four cards played1 including the lead4 ,trump4--,the last card in the deal2 the turn-up4 ,trumps4--,cards of the same suit as the turn-up4 ,ties4--,cards of like denomination--as two kings1 queens1 c4 ,cards of the same number of pips4 ,trumping ,suit4--,playing a trump to any other suit led4 ,underplay4--,playing to mislead your adversaries2 as by leading a small card though you hold the king card of the suit4 ,younger ,hand4--,the player to the right of the dealer4 ,the following rules have frequently proved very valuable to beginners2 we think1 therefore1 our own young readers who are at all ambitious to excel in ,whist may as well have the benefit of them4 ,,bob ,,short',s ,,rules4 ,,for ,,first ,,hand1 ,,or ,,lead4 #a4--,lead from your strong suit1 and be cautious how you change suits1 and keep a commanding card to bring it in again4 #b4--,lead through the strong suit and up to the weak1 but not in trumps1 unless very strong in them4 #c4--,lead the highest of a sequence2 but if you have a quart or quint to a king1 lead the lowest4 #d4--,lead through an honour1 particularly if the game be much against you4 #e4--,lead your best trump if the adversaries be eight1 and you have no honour1 but not if you have four trumps1 unless you have a sequence4 #f4--,lead a trump if you have four or five or a strong hand1 but not if weak4 #g4--;,having ace1 king1 and two or three small cards1 lead ace and king if weak in trumps1 but a small one if strong in them4 #h4--;,if you have the last trump1 with some winning cards1 and one losing card only1 lead the losing card4 #i4--,return your partner's lead1 not the adversaries'1 and if you have only three originally1 play the best2 but you need not return it immediately when you win with the king1 queen1 or knave1 and have only small ones1 or when you hold a good sequence1 have a strong suit1 or have five trumps4 #aj4--;,do not lead from ace queen or ace knave4 #aa4--;,do not lead an ace unless you have a king4 #ab4--;,do not lead a thirteenth card1 unless trumps be out4 #ac4--;,do not trump a thirteenth card1 unless you be last player or want the lead4 #ad4--,keep a small card to return your partner's lead4 #ae4--;,be cautious in trumping a card when strong in trumps1 particularly if you have a strong suit4 #af4--;,having only a few small trumps1 make them when you can4 #ag4--;,if your partner refuses to trump a suit of which he knows you have not the best1 lead your best trump4 #ah4--,when you hold all the remaining trumps1 play one1 and then try to put the lead in your partner's hand4 #ai4--,remember how many of each suit are out1 and what is the best card left in each hand4 #bj4--,never force your partner if you are weak in trumps1 unless you have a renounce or want the odd trick4 #ba4--,when playing for the odd trick1 be cautious of trumping out1 especially if your partner be likely to trump a suit2 make all the tricks you can early1 and avoid finessing4 #bb4--;,if you take a trick and have a sequence1 win with the lowest4 ,,for ,,second ,,hand4 #bc4--,with king1 queen1 and small cards1 play a small one when not strong in trumps2 but if weak1 play the king4 ,with ace1 king1 queen1 or knave only1 and a small card1 play the small one4 ,,for ,,third ,,hand4 #bd4--,with ace and queen1 play ,her ,majesty1 and if she wins return the ace4 ,in all other cases the third hand should play his best card when his partner has led a low one4 ,it is a safe rule for third hand to play his highest4 ,,for ,,all ,,the ,,players4 #be4--;,fail not1 when in your power1 to make the odd trick4 #bf4--;,attend to the game1 and play accordingly4 #bg4--;,hold the turn-up card as long as possible1 and so keep your adversaries from a knowledge of your strength4 #bh4--,retain a high trump as long as you can4 #bi4--,when in doubt1 win the trick4 #cj4--,play the game fairly1 keep your temper1 and don't talk4 ,supplied with the above directions1 none of our young friends need hesitate to become one of four players at the whist-table1 where1 no doubt1 they will soon distinguish themselves by their skill and dexterity4 ,this1 however1 will not be the case unless they resolve either to play well or not to play at all2 and to do this1 they must bear in mind that not only is it necessary to have a thorough knowledge of all the leading rules and principles of the game1 but the little details1 which are learnt only by degrees1 must also receive due attention4 ,for instance1 success greatly depends upon knowing when to return a partner's lead1 how to secure the odd trick1 and also how to finish the game4 ,a very common occurrence is for a well-played game to be spoilt by the last two or three tricks being played badly2 and the ending of the game is almost more important than the beginning4 ,an inexperienced player1 elated1 perhaps1 by a little seeming success1 which1 no doubt1 has really been attributable to the good playing of his partner1 has often been known to spoil the end of a game by his bad playing4 ,very slow calculating players are by no means regarded in the light of acquisitions at a card-table2 still1 as compared with rash1 thoughtless players1 they are very much the safer partners4 ,most of the long established laws of ,whist1 which must be thoroughly mastered and committed to memory by all learners1 in order that they may be carried into practice continually1 are as follows3-- ,,laws ,,of ,,long ,,whist4 ,,the ,,rubber4 #a4--,the rubber is the best of three games4 ,if the first two games are won by the same players the third game is not played4 #b4--;,a game consists of ten points 7five in ,short ,whist74 ,each trick above six counts one point4 #c4--;,honours1 i4e41 ace1 king1 queen1 and knave of trumps1 are thus reckoned3-- ,if a player and his partner1 either separately or conjointly1 hold-- #ast4 ,the four honours1 they score four points4 #bnd4 ,three of the honours1 they score two points4 #crd4 ,two honours only1 they do not score4 7,in ,short ,whist honours do not count47 #d4--,those players who at the commencement of a deal are at the score of nine cannot score honours4 #e4--,the penalty for a revoke takes precedence of all other scores2 tricks score next2 honours last4 #f4--;,honours1 unless claimed before the trump card of the following deal is turned up1 cannot be scored4 #g4--,to score honours is not sufficient3 they must be called at the end of the hand2 if so called1 they may be scored at any time during the game4 #h4--;,if an erroneous score be proved1 such mistake can be corrected prior to the conclusion of the game in which it occurred1 and such game is not concluded until the trump card of the following deal has been turned up4 #i4--;,if an erroneous score1 affecting the amount of the rubber1 be proved1 such mistake can be rectified at any time during the rubber4 #aj4--;,in cutting1 the ace is the lowest card4 #aa4--;,in all cases every one must cut from the same pack4 #ab4--,should a player expose more than one card1 he must cut again4 #ac4--;,in cutting for partners1 two players cutting cards of equal value1 unless such cards are the two highest1 cut again2 should they be the two lowest1 a fresh cut is necessary to decide who shall deal4 #ad4--,three players cutting cards of equal value cut again4 ,,shuffling4 #a4--,the pack must be shuffled above the table1 but not so that the cards can be seen4 #b4--,the pack must not be shuffled during the play of the hand4 #c4--,the dealer's partner must collect the cards for the ensuing deal1 and has the first right to shuffle that pack4 #d4--;,each player1 after shuffling1 must place the cards1 properly collected and face downwards1 to the left of the player about to deal4 #e4--,the dealer has always the right to shuffle last2 but should a card or cards be seen during his shuffling or any other time1 he must re-shuffle4 #f4--;,each player deals in his turn2 the right of dealing goes to the left4 #g4--,the player on the dealer's right cuts the pack1 and in dividing it must not leave fewer than four cards in either packet2 if1 in cutting1 a single card be exposed1 or if there be any confusion of the cards1 there must be a fresh cut4 #h4--,when a player whose duty it is to cut has once separated the pack1 he must neither re-shuffle nor re-cut the cards4 #i4--;,after the pack is cut1 should the dealer shuffle the cards he loses his deal4 #aj4--;,if any card1 except the last1 be faced in the pack1 or if the pack prove to be imperfect1 there must be a new deal4 #aa4--;,a misdeal loses the deal4 #ab4--,the trump card must be left on the table until the first trick has been won4 #ac3--;,a revoker must give three tricks to his opponent4 #ad4--,when a revoke has been made the opponents may search all the tricks4 #ae4--;,a revoke cannot be claimed after the cards have been cut for the next deal4 #af4--;,bystanders should be silent4 ,the following general principles will be found to be of very great value3-- ,,first ,,hand4 #a4--,lead from your strongest suit4 #b4--,lead the highest of a head sequence4 #c4--,lead the highest of a numerically weak suit4 #d4--,try to avoid changing suits4 #e4--;,in the second round of a suit return the lowest of a four suit1 the highest of a three suit4 ,,second ,,hand4 #f4--,the second hand player in the first round of a suit should generally play the lowest card1 and also win with the lowest of a sequence4 #g4--;,if you do not head a trick you should throw away with your lowest card4 #h4--,young players often make the mistake of imagining that it does not signify which card they play when they hold only small cards or cards in sequence4 #i4--,they have still to learn that a reason ought to exist for the playing of every card on the table1 and that the winning of a single trick is not all that ought to be taken into consideration2 the information afforded to one's partner must also be thought of4 ,,third ,,hand4 #aj4--,play your highest card third hand4 ,presuming that your partner1 who may lead a small card1 plays from his strong suit1 meaning to get the winning cards of it out of his way1 you therefore play your highest1 remembering that you play the lowest of a sequence4 #aa4--,when your partner leads a high card1 however1 the case is different4 ,you must not put ace on your partner's king1 thus parting with ace and king in one trick4 #ab4--;,if you think that your partner has led from a weak suit1 you may then finesse king1 knave1 c41 or pass his card altogether1 so as not to give up the entire command of the suit2 but if you are not sure whether his card is intended to signify strength or weakness1 do not finesse4 ,,fourth ,,hand4 #ac4--,less skill is required by the fourth player than any of the others2 all he has to do is to try to beat the three cards on the table before him1 and thus win the trick1 unless1 of course1 it has already been taken by his partner1 who has either played the highest card or trumped4 ,in that case the player should play a low one of the same suit1 or if he cannot do that he should discard4 ,when not able to follow suit1 you should discard from your weakest suit2 indeed1 the fact of your discarding originally from any suit is an intimation to your partner that you are weak in that particular suit4 ,natural discards may be distinguished from such as are forced by taking into consideration the aspect of the game at the time of the discard4 ,if the person discarding has been playing a strong game1 or leading trumps1 you may be sure that the discard was from a weak suit2 while1 on the other hand1 any one discarding who has not shown strength most likely does it to conceal weakness4 ,the best use that can be made of trumps is a matter that is by no means learnt all at once4 ,the advantage generally acknowledged to be the greatest in the possession of a hand strong in trumps is to draw the adversaries' trumps for the bringing in of your own or your partner's long suit4 ,at the same time1 should you be weak in every suit but trumps1 you have no alternative but either always leading trumps or leading from a weak suit4 ,as a general rule1 it is only right to lead trumps when strong in them1 therefore your partner's lead of trumps should be returned immediately4 ,still1 a player1 however strong in trumps1 should not use them recklessly1 but remembering that they are meant to disarm the opponents1 should employ them as much as possible for that purpose4 ,such advice1 we ought to remark1 is only serviceable among sound players2 should you have an inexperienced partner1 the best thing to be done is to make as many tricks as you can1 and not attempt to play scientifically4 ,when you have played all your trumps1 do not choose a suit from which your partner threw away when he was not able to follow your trump lead4 ,of course he is weak in that suit4 ,if he has thrown away more than one suit1 play the suit from which he last threw away4 ,leading a high card1 then a low one from the same suit1 indicates weakness1 or it may indicate a wish to have trumps led4 ,trumping second hand at an early stage of the game also indicates weakness4 ,when you and your partner have all the trumps between you1 if you wish to throw the lead into his hand play a small one4 ,there are some instances when it is polite to win your adversaries' leads with the highest of a sequence1 if you can do it without deceiving your partner2 by so doing you make your opponents wonder what has become of the lower honours4 ,holding ace1 ten1 and a small one1 your partner leading the nine of the suit1 pass it2 for if he holds an honour you make two tricks1 counting your ace for a certain trick4 ,with king1 queen1 or queen and knave1 and another play one of the high cards in all cases when you are second hand4 ,with an average remainder of trumps and good cards1 having one certain loser1 throw it away at your first opportunity2 it may enable your partner to make his second best of the suit4 ,when your partner does not trump a winning card you may be quite sure that he means you to play trumps4 ,should the queen come from your right in a lead with ace or king1 ten or another1 pass it2 this gives you a ten ace2 if your partner have either ace or king1 you make three tricks in the suit4 ,some players1 however1 think it best to cover the queen4 ,it is bad policy to lead up to queen or knave1 the contrary with respect to the ace or king2 the same may be said with reference to leading through those several cards4 ,if your partner leads trumps and you have four high trumps1 endeavour to make sure of three rounds in that suit2 should his lead1 however1 be a nine1 pass it2 you will then have the lead after the third round4 ,when the lead comes from your right hand opponent1 play your queen1 should you hold ace1 queen1 and ten4 ,independently of ,whist being one of the best in-door games that have ever been introduced1 it is certainly the finest exercise of memory that1 in this form1 we could have4 ,beginners frequently are quite discouraged by their repeated failures1 which arise from no other cause than simply the forgetfulness of the player4 ,no one1 however1 need be disheartened2 a knowledge of the game will create in the player such a love for it that he will be anxious to cultivate any deficiency he may have as regards his memory in order that he may become a proficient ,whist player1 and thus his character as a whole will1 no doubt1 be benefited by the exercise1 because in ,whist one great maxim is that no allowances should be made for forgetfulness4 ,not beginners only1 who have had no confidence in their memory1 but many long-established players1 have been known1 in sorting their cards after the deal1 to arrange them in such perfect order that a sharp-sighted adversary with very little difficulty can take a glance at the whole hand4 ,even ,hoyle1 in a plan laid out by him as a kind of aid to the memory1 recommends that the trumps should be placed to the left of all the other suits1 the best or strongest suit next1 and the weakest last on the right hand4 ,instead of that1 most people find by experience that the best plan is to take up the cards just as they happen to fall1 and hold them in the hand without sorting4 ,a little practice will soon enable the player to select the right card without any previous arrangement4 ,and now1 after giving all these rules and instructions with regard to ,whist playing1 we must not omit to add a few words as to the spirit in which the game should be played4 ,voltaire says that in war we ought to do that which the enemy most dreads4 ,so we should also in ,whist1 remembering1 however1 that we are trying to conquer1 not our enemies1 but our friends2 therefore1 if we win we have cause for congratulating ourselves1 if we lose let us be quite as ready to congratulate our opponents4 ,there is1 perhaps1 no game where the temper may be more tried than in ,whist4 ,knowing this1 it would perhaps be better for the irritable and peevish in disposition to keep altogether aloof from the game1 simply because they would not only be a source of annoyance to others1 but they would derive no pleasure themselves from the pursuit4 ,patience and forbearance must be exercised4 ,in spite of all that has been said against the practice of card-playing1 we none of us can tell how much good has resulted from it4 ,not only good temper1 but many other virtues1 may be cultivated at the whist table4 ,honour and integrity must be maintained2 for though cheating and underhand playing have in some cases for a time been successful1 they are methods that never1 in the long run1 have been adopted with satisfaction4 ,idleness is a quality that must be wholly dispensed with4 ,a player needs to be always on the alert2 without casting any sly glances at the cards held in the hands of the others1 he may1 by his own observation and diligence1 know exactly the strength or weakness of each player4 ,my son1 once said a keen1 shrewd business man1 don't attempt to play cards unless you have four eyes2 and certainly the player who cannot with his mind's eye see what cards the other players have1 as well as those in his own hand1 will never be much more than an indifferent player4 ,no silly trifling conversation should be carried on during the game4 ,to play well1 nothing should be allowed to divert the interest from the subject in hand4 ,indeed1 we cannot conclude better than quote what ,charles ,lamb says in one of his ,essays about the famous ,mrs4 ,battle1 although1 at the same time1 we should scarcely advise any of our readers to estimate either ,whist or any other game quite so seriously as she did4 ,,mrs4 ,,battle',s ,,opinion ,,on ,,whist4 ,a clear fire1 a clean hearth1 and the rigour of the game4 ,this was the celebrated wish of old ,sarah ,battle 7now with ,god71 who1 next to her devotions1 loved a good game of ,whist4 ,she was none of your lukewarm gamesters1 your half-and-half players1 who have no objection to take a hand if you want one to make up a rubber2 who affirm that they have no pleasure in winning2 that they like to win one game and lose another2 that they can while away an hour very agreeably at a card-table1 but are indifferent whether they play or not2 and will desire an adversary who has slipped a wrong card to take it up and play another4 ,these insufferable triflers are the curse of a table4 ,one of these flies will spoil a whole pot4 ,of such1 it may be said that they do not play at cards1 but only play at playing at them4 ,sarah ,battle was none of that breed4 ,she detested them from her heart and soul1 and would not1 save upon a striking emergency1 willingly seat herself at the same table with them4 ,she loved a thorough-paced partner1 a determined enemy4 ,she took and gave no concessions4 ,she hated favours4 ,she never made a revoke nor ever passed it over in her adversary without exacting the utmost forfeiture4 ,she fought a good fight1 cut and thrust4 ,she held not her good sword 7her cards7 like a dancer4 ,she sate bolt upright1 and neither showed you her cards nor desired to see yours4 ,all people have their blind side1 their superstitions2 and ,i have heard her declare under the rose that hearts were her favourite suit4 ,i never in my life 7and ,i knew ,sarah ,battle many of the last years of it7 saw her take out her snuff-box when it was her turn to play1 or snuff a candle in the middle of the game1 or ring for a servant till it was fairly over4 ,she never introduced or connived at miscellaneous conversation during its process4 ,as she emphatically observed1 cards were cards2 and if ,i ever saw unmingled distaste in her fine last-century countenance1 it was at the airs of a young gentleman of a literary turn who had been with difficulty persuaded to take a hand1 and who1 in his excess of candour1 declared that he thought there was no harm in unbending the mind now and then1 after serious studies1 in recreations of that kind6 ,she could not bear to have her noble occupation1 to which she wound up her faculties1 considered in that light4 ,it was her business1 her duty3 the thing she came into the world to do--and she did it4 ,she unbent her mind afterwards over a book4 ,quadrille1 she told me1 was her first love1 but ,whist was the soldier game--that was her word4 ,it was a long meal2 not like quadrille1 a feast of snatches4 ,one or two rubbers might co-extend in duration with the evening4 ,a grave simplicity was what she chiefly admired in her favourite game2 there was nothing silly in it1 like the nob at cribbage--nothing superfluous4 ,she even wished that ,whist were more simple than it is1 and saw no reason for the deciding of the trump by the turn of the card4 ,why not one suit always trumps8 ,in square games 7she meant ,whist71 all that is possible to be allowed in card playing is accomplished4 ,no inducement could ever prevail upon her to play for nothing4 ,she could not conceive a game wanting the spritely infusion of chance1 the handsome excuses of good fortune4 ,man is a gaming animal1 and his passion can scarcely be more safely expended than upon a game at cards1 with only a few shillings for the stake4 ,it is needless to say that ,sarah ,battle's dislike to play ,whist for nothing is not by any means generally shared by ,whist players4 ,those who cannot play the game for its own sake and for the interest which they take in it had better not play it at all4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,short ,,whist4 ,this is unmistakably nothing more or less than ordinary ,whist cut in half2 therefore it is almost unnecessary to say much about it1 because the principles of the game are just the same as those which have been given at length for the playing of ,long ,whist4 ,it is said that it was first introduced at ,bath by ,lord ,peterborough1 who1 fearing he was about to incur some heavy losses1 thought he might sooner be relieved of his suspense if he could contrive to shorten the game4 ,even now1 although it may not be so popular as it once was1 it still possesses a great attraction for many players1 who are of opinion that the awarding of points for honours 7which are not held as the result of play1 but simply because they are dealt out to the players holding them7 introduces an element of mere accident into the game1 which they think does not add either to its interest or to its claims as a scientific amusement4 ,five points constitute the game in ,short ,whist1 the rubber being reckoned as two points4 ,honours are never called1 but are always counted1 except at the point of four4 ,the chief advantage of ,short ,whist lies in the fact that the trumps may be made special instruments of power4 ,carleton says3--,trumps should be your rifle company2 use them liberally in your manuvres2 have copious reference to them in finessing1 to enable you to maintain a long suit4 ,should you be weak in trumps1 ruff a doubtful card at all times2 with a command in them1 be very chary of that policy4 ,let your great principle always be to keep the control of your adversaries' suit and leave that of your partner free4 ,if you see the probable good effect of forcing1 decide which of your adversaries you will assail1 but do not attempt them both at once4 ,let it be the stronger1 if possible4 ,when you force both hands opposed to you1 one throws away his useless cards2 while the chance is the other makes trumps that under other circumstances would have been sacrificed4 ,and the great authority ,deschapelles1 in speaking of ,short ,whist1 remarks1 ,when we consider the social feeling it engenders1 the pleasure and vivacity it promotes1 and the advantages it offers to the less skilful player1 we cannot help acknowledging that ,short ,whist is a decided improvement upon the old game4 ,,dumby1 ,,or ,,three-,,handed ,,whist4 ,this is exactly the same as ,long ,whist1 excepting that there are three players instead of four1 and one of the players undertaking the responsibility of two hands4 ,dumby's hand is exposed on the table1 open to the view of the three players4 ,on the whole1 the player having ,dumby for partner has somewhat the best of it4 ,,double ,,dumby1 ,,or ,,two-,,handed ,,whist4 ,this is when only two persons play4 ,two hands may either be exposed on the table1 and made use of as if there were four players1 or they may be entirely rejected4 ,in the latter case the single hands held by the players must be managed as skilfully as possible4 ,in all these little variations upon the real game of ,whist each honour counts as one point4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,piquet4 ,at one time ,piquet was one of the most fashionable of our card games1 though latterly1 perhaps owing to its being rather difficult to learn1 it has not been quite so popular4 ,it is played by two persons with thirty-two cards1 all the twos1 threes1 fours1 fives1 and sixes being dispensed with2 the remaining cards possessing the same value as at ,whist4 ,in each game the number of points is #aja4 ,before describing the game it will be most advisable to give the meaning of the technical terms employed4 ,talon or ,stock4--,the eight remaining cards after twelve are dealt to each person4 ,repique is when one of the players counts thirty points in hand before his adversary has or can count one2 when1 instead of reckoning thirty1 he reckons ninety1 and counts above ninety as many points as he would above thirty4 ,pique is when the elder hand counts thirty in hand and play before the adversary counts one1 in which case1 instead of thirty1 the hand reckons for sixty1 to which are added as many points as may be reckoned above thirty4 ,capot4--,when either party makes every trick1 which counts for forty points4 ,cards4--,the majority of the tricks1 reckoned for ten points4 ,carte ,blanche4--,not having a pictured card in hand1 reckoned for ten points1 and takes precedence of everything else4 ,quatorze4--,the four aces1 kings1 queens1 knaves1 or tens4 ,each quatorze reckons for fourteen points4 ,threes of ,aces1 c41 down to tens1 reckon for three points4 ,point4--,the greatest number of pips on cards of the same suit1 reckoned thus3 ,the ace for eleven1 the court cards for ten1 nines for nine1 c41 and count for as many points as cards4 ,tierce4--,three successive cards of the same suit1 reckoned for three points4 ,there are six kinds of tierces1 viz41 ace1 king1 queen1 called a tierce major1 down to nine1 eight1 seven1 a tierce minor4 ,quart4--,four successive cards of the same suit1 reckoned for four points4 ,there are five kinds of quarts3 ace1 king1 queen1 knave1 called quart major1 down to ten1 nine1 eight1 seven1 a quart minor4 ,quint4--,five successive cards of the same suit1 reckoned for fifteen points4 ,there are four kinds of quints3 ace1 king1 queen1 knave1 ten1 called quint major1 down to knave1 ten1 nine1 eight1 seven1 a quint minor4 ,sixime4--,six successive cards of the same suit1 reckoned for sixteen points4 ,there are three kinds of siximes3 ace1 king1 queen1 knave1 ten1 nine1 a sixime major1 down to queen1 knave1 ten1 nine1 eight1 seven1 a sixime minor4 ,septime4--,seven successive cards of a suit1 reckoned for seventeen points4 ,there are two kinds1 viz41 from the ace to the eight inclusive1 a septime major1 and from the king to the seven inclusive1 a septime minor4 ,huitime4--,eight successive cards of the same suit1 reckoned for eighteen points4 ,the first thing1 however1 to be noticed is ,have either of the players carte-blanche8 ,should the eldest hand have it1 he must tell the dealer to discount for it1 and show his cards4 ,should the younger hand have it1 he must wait until the elder has discarded1 then show his hand also4 ,the player who has carte blanche not only counts ten towards the pique1 or repique1 but prevents his opponent having either4 ,the dealer has the option of discarding or not as he feels inclined1 but should he do so he must take in first any that may be left by the elder hand1 and after that his own three which are at the bottom of the stock4 ,the cards that may be left he can look at2 but in that case the elder hand may do the same4 ,it is wiser1 therefore1 in some instances for the dealer not to look at the cards he leaves1 because it will be more to his advantage that the cards should not be seen by his opponent4 ,if the dealer should happen to mix up with his own discard any of the cards left by him1 the elder hand can claim to see all1 as soon as he has intimated what suit he means to lead4 ,if1 however1 the elder hand should not lead the suit he named1 the dealer can insist upon his leading any suit he pleases4 ,in the game of ,piquet the value of the cards depends to a very great extent upon the various combinations that are made4 ,the learner must1 therefore1 become thoroughly acquainted with these combinations1 otherwise he might make the mistake in discarding of simply throwing out such cards as were of the least numerical value1 which really would be a loss to him4 ,there are no trumps in ,piquet1 therefore each trick is won by the highest card of the suit that is led4 ,in laying out try to secure a quatorze4 ,should neither player have four aces1 quatorze kings annul queens1 and1 by the same rule1 in the adversary's hand queens annul knaves4 ,if you have four aces1 you may reckon also any inferior quatorze1 as of tens1 and your opponent cannot reckon four kings1 though he should hold them4 ,in the same way1 you can count three aces1 and inferior threes down to tens1 while your opponent cannot count his three kings4 ,the player who has the greatest number of cards in a suit has the point2 but when both players have an equal number of cards in the same or different suits1 the point is then won by the player who has the greatest number of pips1 counting the ace as eleven and the court cards as ten each4 ,the point being chosen1 the eldest hand announces what it is1 asking at the same time if it is good2 if his adversary has more he replies it is not good1 if he has just as many he answers it is equal1 but if he has not so many he answers it is good4 ,the player who has the best counts as many for it as he has cards which compose it1 and whoever has the point counts it first1 be he elder or younger hand1 points being equal2 or the two players having equal tierces1 quints1 quarts1 c41 neither can count4 ,the points1 tierces1 quarts1 quints1 c41 must be shown on the table1 that their value may be reckoned2 quatorzes1 threes of aces1 and kings need not be shown4 ,in reckoning after the carte-blanche comes the point1 next the sequences1 and then the quatorzes1 or threes of aces1 kings1 c4 ,the cards are then played1 each card1 excepting a nine or an inferior one1 counting one4 ,the elder hand having played the first card1 the dealer before answering the card must count his own game1 point1 sequence1 quatorze1 or carte-blanche1 if he has it1 and1 after reckoning them altogether1 he takes the first trick if he can with the same suit2 if he cannot do so his opponent has the trick4 ,when the tricks are equal they do not count4 ,the winner of the last trick counts two4 ,the three chances in ,piquet are the repique1 pique1 and capot1 the whole of which are sometimes made in one deal4 ,the capot is won by the player who wins all tricks adding ten instead of forty to his score4 ,a pique is gained as follows3--,supposing the elder hand to have a quint to an ace1 which being a quint-major is as good as a point1 it is therefore good also as a sequence1 and counts twenty2 suppose also that he should have three aces1 which must be good1 because he has a quint-major1 that is1 one of each of the cards that constitute a quatorze1 that makes him twenty-three4 ,in playing the cards1 then1 his quint-major and the two additional aces must also count one each1 making in all thirty1 upon which the player1 instead of saying in his play twenty-nine1 thirty1 says twenty-nine1 sixty4 ,now for the repique4 ,supposing the elder hand to have the same point1 good as above1 and four aces as well1 instead of three1 he counts in his hand1 without playing a card1 first1 five for his point1 fifteen for his quint-major1 and fourteen for his four aces--that is to say1 thirty-four in hand1 which is ninety-four in fact1 the game in one hand4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,euchre4 ,this is the most popular game in the ,united ,states1 and can be played by two1 three1 or four players4 ,like ,whist1 ,euchre does not depend upon chance only2 great skill is required to play the game well4 ,it is played with a ,piquet pack1 that is1 a pack of thirty-two cards1 all cards below seven1 excepting the ace1 being taken out4 ,the value of the cards is the same as in ,whist1 except that the knave of trumps and the other knave of the same colour take precedence over the remainder of the trumps4 ,the knave of trumps is called the right bower1 and the knave of the suit of the same colour the left bower4 ,supposing spades to be trumps1 then the cards rank in the following order3--,knave of spades1 knave of clubs1 ace1 king1 queen of spades1 c4 ,if clubs were trumps then the knave of that suit would be highest card1 and knave of spades the next4 ,the knaves rank as in ,whist when neither right nor left bowers4 ,,euchre ,,for ,,two ,,players4 ,the cards are dealt as follows3--,first deal two to each1 then three to each4 ,the eleventh card is then turned up1 and to whatever suit it belongs that suit is trumps4 ,five points constitute the game4 ,if a player win three tricks1 they count for one point2 if he win four tricks1 they also count for one point2 but if he win all five tricks1 they count two points4 ,the eleventh card being turned up1 the first player begins the game by looking at his hand to ascertain if1 in his own estimation1 it is sufficiently strong to score--that is1 to make three1 four1 or five tricks4 ,should he be able to do so1 he will say1 ,i order it up2 that is1 that the dealer is to take up the turn-up card in his hand1 and put out any card he likes4 ,if1 on the contrary1 he thinks he cannot score1 he says1 ,i pass4 ,if the first player orders the turn-up card up1 the game begins at once by his playing a card and the dealer following suit4 ,should the dealer not be able to follow suit1 he must either throw away or trump1 as in ,whist4 ,the winner of the trick then leads1 and so the game goes on until the ten cards are played4 ,if either the dealer or the other player order the card up and fail to get three or more tricks1 he is euchred--that is1 his adversary scores two4 ,suppose the first player passes1 not1 in his own estimation1 being strong enough to make three tricks1 the dealer can1 if he likes1 take the card and put one of his own out1 but if he fails to score he is euchred4 ,if they both pass1 the first player may change the trump1 and the dealer is compelled to play4 ,if1 however1 the former does not score he is euchred4 ,if he passes for the second time the dealer can alter it1 the same penalty being enforced should he not score4 ,if they both pass for the second time1 the round is over1 and the first player begins to deal4 ,if trumps are led1 and you only have left bower1 you must play it1 as it is considered a trump4 ,,three-,,handed ,,euchre4 ,fifteen cards are dealt in this game1 but the rules are exactly the same as in two-handed euchre4 ,there are1 however1 a few differences in the tactics4 ,if one player has scored four points1 and the other two players two each1 it is allowable for the two latter to help each other to prevent the player with the four tricks from winning4 ,,four-,,handed ,,euchre4 ,in this game the players go two and two1 being partners1 the same as in ,whist4 ,the game is won when the combined tricks taken by a player and his partner amount to five4 ,if all pass in the first round1 the first player is allowed to alter trumps2 if he does not care to do so1 the second1 then the third1 and lastly the fourth4 ,if one should fail to score1 having ordered up the card1 he and his partner are euchred1 and their opponents count two4 ,should one player be exceedingly strong1 he can say1 ,i play a lone hand1 whereupon his partner throws up his hand1 and the lone hand plays against the other two4 ,if the single player gets all five tricks he counts three1 if three or four tricks1 he counts only one1 and if two1 or less1 he is euchred4 ,there is yet another variation to this game1 and one that generally meets with approval4 ,a blank card is taken and on it is written ,joker4 ,this card always counts highest in the pack whatever suit may happen to be trumps4 ,if ,joker should be the turn-up card1 the dealer has the privilege of naming any suit he likes for trumps4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,vingt-,,un4 ,of all round card games1 there is not one more deservedly popular than the one so well known as ,vingt-,un 7i4e41 ,twenty-one74 ,although much of the success attending it depends upon chance1 the exercise of no small amount of care and judgment is required by the players1 in consequence of which the real interest of the game is greatly intensified4 ,six1 eight1 or1 indeed1 as many persons as like may join in it4 ,a whole pack of cards is required1 and the value attached to them is the same as in ,cribbage4 ,tens and court cards count as ten each4 ,the ace may either be valued as one or as eleven1 to suit the convenience of the holder1 and the rest of the cards as usual4 ,the cards are shuffled and cut as in ,whist1 and to each player a certain number of counters is given4 ,the dealer then gives one card1 face downwards1 all round1 including himself4 ,the players1 looking at the cards1 each place in front of them a stake1 consisting of one or more counters1 the amount of each depending entirely upon the choice of the players4 ,beginning at the elder hand a second card is then distributed to each4 ,before proceeding further the dealer may1 if so inclined1 challenge the board1 receiving or paying from all whose hands are less or more than his own1 up to twenty4 ,should he not feel justified in taking such a step1 he puts the question1 ,do you stand8 to each player in turn1 the winners in the game being the players who simply make twenty-one1 neither more nor less4 ,the answers to this question should not be given without due consideration4 ,the players who feel that they may with safety take one card1 or even two or three cards1 to enable them to make up the necessary number1 receive any number they ask for from the dealer1 while those whose number already is so close upon twenty-one that they think it safer to stand1 say so4 ,it sometimes happens that one of the two cards given in the first instance to a player is an ace1 and the other a ten1 or a court card4 ,this being the case1 the owner of them has reason to congratulate himself on his good fortune1 because the two cards combined make what is called a natural1 and unless the dealer also has exactly twenty-one1 he must pay double stakes to the possessor of the natural1 who1 by reason of its having fallen to him1 becomes the next dealer4 ,when the dealer himself1 however1 is equally fortunate in having a natural he receives double stakes from all the players and single from the ties4 ,all players having either declined the offer of additional cards1 or having received as many as they wish1 the dealer turns up his two cards1 and either stands with them as they are1 or takes what cards he likes from the stock on the table4 ,if he should take too many he pays all the standing players the amount of the stakes they made1 and to those who have naturals1 or cards amounting to twenty-one1 whatever they may be1 he pays double stakes4 ,supposing any player's first and second cards should be alike1 he may divide them and place a stake on both1 regarding each as a separate hand1 and draw cards accordingly1 to make two twenty-ones instead of one4 ,at the beginning of a game a player is at liberty to sell his deal if he should please to do so4 ,when it happens that the dealer on taking his second card supplies himself with a natural1 the round is considered at an end1 and he is entitled at once to double stakes from all the players1 before supplying them with any additional cards4 ,on looking at the second card dealt1 a player should announce the fact directly when he has a natural1 and be paid for it at once1 before the dealer has taken his own second card4 ,sometimes a dealer takes advantage of his right to insist upon all the players doubling their stakes1 and especially does he assert his claim to take this step when his first card is an ace or a tenth card1 or when he considers the stakes offered are not as high as they should be4 ,another privilege belonging to the dealer is what is termed the brulet1 which consists of the top and bottom cards of the pack1 after it has been cut and shuffled4 ,before beginning to deal1 the dealer may take these two cards1 and should they united constitute a natural1 every player must pay him double stakes4 ,the cards are then recut and the proper deal is made4 ,on the other hand1 he is not compelled to stand by the brulet2 when he has supplied every one with the cards they require1 he may add as many as he chooses to his own pair4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,speculation4 ,in playing the famous game of ,speculation a full pack of fifty-two cards is used1 the value of each card being the same as at ,whist4 ,either counters or halfpennies may serve for stakes1 an equal number of which must be allotted to all1 the pool being provided by contributions from each player4 ,after cutting for deal the owner of the lowest card deals out three cards to each player1 one at a time1 face downwards1 and no one must on any account look at what has been given him4 ,the top card of the remaining pack is then to be the trump1 and this card the dealer may either keep himself or sell to the highest bidder1 making it thus an object of speculation4 ,the player on the left of the possessor of the winning card then turns up his top card1 and if it happen not to be a trump the next player turns up1 and so on1 until a higher trump than the first make its appearance1 when the new comer takes the place of its predecessor1 and1 if not retained by its owner1 is awarded to the highest bidder4 ,if the card be not a trump1 but only an ordinary one1 it may be beaten by the highest card that makes its appearance of the same suit or by a trump4 ,at the close of every round the pool is won by the player who holds the highest card of the trump suit4 ,should the ace of trumps be turned up1 the hand is1 of course1 at an end1 the owner of it being the winner4 ,the game is well named1 for the buying and selling business is frequently carried on to a very considerable extent4 ,sometimes the players will sell their whole hand to each other1 or perhaps a single card on the chance of their proving winners4 ,although the above method is the most common way of playing1 slight variations are frequently made4 ,for instance1 an extra hand is dealt by many players and placed in the middle of the table for pool2 at the end of the round this hand is examined1 and if a better card is found in it than that belonging to the winner1 the pool is left undisturbed1 and added to the next new pool1 making it1 of course1 double in value4 ,another variation is1 that any player who may turn up a knave or a five of any suit excepting trumps shall pay one counter to the pool4 ,in order to play well at ,speculation great judgment must be used1 and also the memory must be in full exercise1 but when once thoroughly understood and appreciated there is no game superior to it for a ,christmas gathering1 and almost any number of players may join in it4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,napoleon4 ,this game1 though comparatively new1 is exceedingly interesting1 and one that hitherto has always proved to be very popular as a lively and stirring round game4 ,like ,speculation1 it is played with a full pack of fifty-two cards1 and as the shuffling of them is of great importance1 it is advisable to be supplied with two packs1 as at ,whist4 ,the pool is started by contributions from each player1 the dealer giving double value4 ,five cards are then distributed to each player and held in the hand2 as at ,whist1 it being necessary for the owner of them to ascertain whether they are good or otherwise4 ,the player to the left of the dealer then declares how many tricks he will guarantee to take1 or whether he would prefer to be passed once1 owing to the weakness of his hand4 ,he may promise to take one1 two1 three1 or four tricks2 but unless he should declare ,nap1 which means that he is able to take all five tricks1 the next player is questioned1 and so on1 until ,nap has ultimately been proclaimed by some one4 ,should no player declare ,nap1 the one declaring to take the highest number of tricks leads off4 ,the stand player1 as he is called1 then plays against every one else2 he leads the game1 and his first card decides what suit shall be trumps4 ,all the other players try to prevent him from making the tricks which he declared to take1 because1 if he should fail1 the payments will have to be made from him to them4 ,should he succeed1 however1 they pay him2 and in the event of his making ,nap1 he receives double stakes from every one of the company4 ,a player revoking is ,napoleoned1 which means that he must pay five tricks to the stand hand1 and the cards are played over again4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cribbage4 ,this game is played with an ordinary ,whist pack1 and it is won by the player who first scores sixty-one points4 ,these points are marked on what is called a cribbage-board4 ,the board may be placed either across or lengthways between the players4 ,a player must begin to score from the end where his sixty-first point is1 and begin at the outside edge4 ,two pegs are given to each player to score with1 and he uses them as follows3-- ,supposing his first score to be four1 he places a peg in the fourth hole2 then if his next score be three1 he marks it off from the position of the first peg1 and sticks the second peg in the third hole farther on4 ,illustration3 ,cribbage ,board4 ,if his next score be eight1 say1 he counts from the second peg eight holes1 and there sticks the peg1 and so on4 ,by this method confusion is avoided1 and the players are able to check one another's scores4 ,generally1 the pegs of the different players vary in colour1 but this is not necessary1 though one player must never touch his opponent's half of the board4 ,the court cards and tens rank equally1 and the other cards according to their number of pips4 ,aces are counted lowest4 ,the ,game4 ,the cards having been shuffled1 the non-dealer cuts1 but does not place the undermost half on the uppermost1 as in ,whist1 but leaves the pack divided into two parts on the table4 ,from the undermost part the dealer then deals five cards each1 beginning with his adversary4 ,the remaining cards are placed on the other heap1 and the pack remains undisturbed until the crib cards are put out4 ,in the first hand of a new game1 the non-dealer counts three at starting1 as a sort of set-off against the possession of crib by the dealer4 ,both players then look at their hands and throw out two cards1 the dealer throwing out first1 and the cards being face downwards4 ,the non-dealer then again cuts the cards1 but the number cut must be more than two1 after which the dealer takes the top card of the heap left on the table1 the non-dealer replaces the cards he cut1 and the dealer puts the top card1 which is thrown face upwards on the whole4 ,the two cards thrown out by each player and the turn-up card form the crib1 which belongs to the dealer4 ,if a knave be the turn-up1 the dealer counts two for his heels4 ,the turn-up card is reckoned in making up the score of either player1 as well as of the crib4 ,the non-dealer then begins by playing a card1 the value of which he calls out4 ,suppose the dealer to have in his hand a queen1 knave1 and five1 and the non-dealer a seven1 eight1 and queen1 and that the turn-up is four2 then the non-dealer plays his queen1 and cries ten2 the dealer plays his queen1 and cries twenty1 scoring two for a pair1 because a court card counts ten4 ,the first player then puts down his knave and cries thirty4 ,as his is the nearest attained to thirty-one1 and the dealer has no ace1 he cries ,go1 and the first player scores one hole4 ,each player's hand is then counted up1 the elder one scoring four--two for each fifteen2 and the dealer two for his fifteen1 made up by a seven and eight4 ,if the knave in either hand be the same suit as the turn-up1 the holder of the card scores one for his nob4 ,the crib is added up by the dealer1 and the game goes on4 ,if in trying to get near thirty-one in the beginning a player can make fifteen1 he counts two4 ,if a player gets exactly thirty-one he counts two4 ,the hands are counted up as follows3-- ,for knave turned up 7heels7 #b points4 ,for sequence of three or four cards #c or #d ,for a flush1 that is1 three cards of same suit #c ,for a full flush1 when cards in hand and turn-up are of same suit #d points4 ,for every fifteen1 as #f and #i2 #aj1 #c1 and #b2 #g and #h1 court card and #e1 c4 #b ,for a pair 7two of a sort1 as #b threes1 #b fours1 c47 #b ,for a pair royal 7three of same sort7 #f ,for a double pair royal1 or four of same sort #ab ,for knave of trumps in hand 7nob7 #a ,if a player has in his hand1 say1 six1 seven1 and eight1 and the turn-up is eight1 he will count that two separate sequences1 and score three for each4 ,the non-dealer always counts up first4 ,this counting up is called the show1 and the first show is very important at the end of the game1 as a player may just get sixty-one points and win4 ,the dealer may also have sixty-one1 but as his show has not been the first it does not count4 ,should the dealer misdeal1 and not discover the mistake before either of the hands is taken up1 his opponent counts two1 and a fresh deal must be made4 ,if1 during the deal the non-dealer expose any one of his cards to view1 the dealer has the option of dealing again1 without1 however1 looking at his own cards4 ,if the dealer deal more than five cards1 his adversary counts two1 and a new deal takes place1 the same penalty being enforced if he give less than five cards4 ,,three-,,handed ,,cribbage4 ,the theory of ,three-handed ,cribbage is the same as that in ,cribbage1 which we have already described4 ,it is played1 as its name indicates1 by three people instead of by two4 ,the board must be triangular in shape1 containing three sets of holes of sixty each and the additional game hole4 ,each player has to fight for himself alone1 and has1 therefore1 two antagonists to combat with instead of one1 as in the ordinary game4 ,five cards are dealt to each player1 after which an extra card is laid down to form the commencement of the crib4 ,to this card each player adds one of his own1 the result being that the sixteen cards are equally divided among the three players and the crib4 ,the player who first succeeds in reaching the sixty-first hole is the winner of the game1 and is entitled to double the stakes which are apportioned to him by his two less fortunate companions4 ,,four-,,handed ,,cribbage4 ,in this variety of the game four persons play in partnerships of two each1 as at ,whist4 ,sixty-one constitute the game1 still it is very usual to go twice round the board1 the number of game in that case being #aba4 ,before beginning to play two of the four players are chosen to have the management of the score1 and between them the board is placed1 because upon them only devolves the duty of moving the pegs4 ,the other two players may not even assist in counting4 ,after cutting and dealing five cards to each player1 the dealer places the remainder of the pack on his left hand4 ,one card is then given by each person to form the crib1 which1 when complete1 belongs to the dealer4 ,in contributing to the crib1 the choice of the card given depends upon whether the crib belongs to the player and his partner or to their opponents4 ,fives are the best cards to give to one's own crib1 therefore they should never be given to the antagonists4 ,aces and kings should be avoided2 low cards are the best for the purpose4 ,the play then begins until all the sixteen cards are played out4 ,fifteens1 sequences1 pairs1 c41 are reckoned in the usual way4 ,should either player be unable to come in under thirty-one1 he declares it to be a go1 and the play belongs to his left-hand neighbour4 ,no small cards must be kept up which would come in under a penalty4 ,great care is required in playing this game of ,four-handed ,cribbage1 as the learner will soon discover4 ,in leading1 threes and fours are the best cards to select4 ,five is a bad lead1 as also are ones and nines4 ,the second player must be careful as to pairing1 also he must try to avoid playing too closely on3 though in some cases by doing so the adversary is tempted to form the sequence4 ,he will learn in time to discriminate when it is wise to play on4 ,if he can make fifteen it is generally better play than pairing the card led4 ,the object of the third player should be to make the number below twenty-one1 in order to help his partner to gain the end hole for the go or the two for thirty-one4 ,the fourth man who in the first round is the last player will do wisely to hold aces or low cards for the purpose1 especially when it is necessary to score a few holes in play1 or when the only chance of securing game is to play out4 ,the hand being played out the different amounts are pegged1 crib included1 the one who led off scoring first4 ,as a rule the amount of points from each hand is seven1 and four or five from the crib4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ranter ,,go ,,round4 ,no game that we can mention surpasses the popular one of ,ranter ,go ,round for real interest and excitement4 ,it is said to have been first played in ,cornwall1 but to us it signifies very little whether it originated at ,land's ,end or at ,john o' ,groat's2 the matter of the greatest interest is that it is a first-rate game for a winter evening4 ,first of all1 each player is provided with three counters1 or lives1 as they are called1 and the object of the game consists in trying to see which player will succeed in keeping his lives the longest4 ,an ordinary pack of fifty-two cards is then shuffled1 and dealt out one by one to each player4 ,the players look at their cards1 and the one on the left of the dealer1 if he thinks his card is too low1 has the option of changing with his left-hand neighbour1 who again may change with his left-hand neighbour1 and so on till the dealer gets the low card1 and as he has no one with whom he can exchange he is allowed to take for it the top card of the pack4 ,the players then turn their cards face upwards on the table1 and the possessor of the lowest card1 aces being counted lowest1 has to forfeit one of his lives4 ,the game thus goes on until all the players are out but one1 who is declared the winner4 ,if a player's card be demanded by his right-hand neighbour1 whose card is higher than the one he gave in exchange1 he stands1 or1 in other words1 refuses to change with his left-hand neighbour1 knowing that he is safe for that round1 because at any rate one card lower than his own is out4 ,if two players have cards of the same value1 and these cards are lowest1 the player who turned his up last has to lose a life4 ,players begin turning up their cards from the one on the left of the dealer ,no player may exchange more than once4 ,sometimes a rule is enforced that when a player demands to exchange with his left-hand neighbour1 and gets a card with one1 two1 or three pips given him for his own1 the player with whom he exchanged1 if he has got a higher card for his one1 two1 or three1 cries out the value of the card he exchanged1 so that the other players may know its worth4 ,the rule is not one that has ever become very popular1 because it tends very much to deteriorate from the uncertainty of the game1 a feature in all card-playing that possesses a greater charm than perhaps any other4 ,the vicissitudes of fortune in ,ranter ,go ,round are wonderful4 ,for instance1 a player may have kept his three lives till all but one are out1 and then lose them in three successive rounds1 while a player who has only had one life for a long time will win the game4 ,as each life is lost a counter of the player belonging to it is placed in the pool1 and as the lives decrease in number they increase in value4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cart4 ,the game of cart is a real ,french game2 it originated first in ,paris1 and at one time was one of the most fashionable games in that city4 ,it has been devoted so extensively by some players to gambling purposes1 that its reputation has unmistakably suffered thereby1 and any one professing to have a preference for cart was1 at one time1 suspected immediately of not being a very desirable associate4 ,it would have been a matter of regret if1 because of any unfortunate association connected with the game1 we should have been deprived of the benefit of it1 for it is second to none in its power of affording amusement4 ,it is easy to learn1 and yet it is a scientific1 clever game1 and one that we can well imagine would be selected as a favourite among all other card games by proficient card-players4 ,it is played by two persons with a pack of thirty-two cards1 all the twos1 threes1 fours1 fives1 and sixes being thrown out in preparing the pack4 ,the technical terms used are supplied both in ,english and ,french1 and considering the game to be so essentially ,french in its nature we subjoin the latter list4 ,abattre4--,to lower the cards and show them4 ,atout4--,trump4 ,avoir le main4--,the act of dealing4 ,battre4--,to shuffle the cards before dealing4 ,carte ,double4 ,carte ,garde4 ,two cards of the same suit4 ,couper4--,to cut4 ,defaulter4--,to refuse a suit4 ,donner4--,to deal4 cart4--,the cards thrown aside4 tre la devine4--,to be embarrassed which suit to keep4 ,faire4--,to deal4 ,faire un main4--,to make a trick4 ,forcer4--,to play a superior card on an inferior4 ,la ,belle4--,the highest card of any suit4 ,la ,vole4--,to make all the tricks4 ,le ,point4--,one score of the five which compose the game4 ,leve4--,one trick made whilst playing4 ,je propose4--,asking fresh hands1 or part of fresh hands4 ,refaire4--,to recommence distributing the cards4 ,renoncer4--,not to answer the suited4 ,retourner4--,when the cards are dealt1 to turn up the first of the talon4 ,sous-forcer4--,to play a card inferior to what remains of some suit in hand4 ,talon4--,what remains of the pack after there has been distributed to each player what he requires4 ,the game consists of five points1 unless differently arranged4 ,the king instead of the ace is the highest card4 ,after the king follow the queen and knave1 next comes the ace1 then ten1 nine1 eight1 and seven4 ,after the dealer has shuffled the cards his opponent cuts them4 ,the latter also can claim to shuffle if so inclined1 but should he do so the dealer may re-shuffle4 ,the dealer then gives three cards to his opponent and takes three himself1 after which he gives two to his opponent and takes two himself1 turning up the eleventh1 which is also the trump1 card on the pack4 ,sometimes the two cards are dealt first1 and afterwards the three2 but this is a trifling matter1 to be decided by the wish of the dealer4 ,should the turn-up1 or trump1 happen to be a king of any suit1 the dealer makes one point to himself and cries ,i mark king4 ,the point is lost1 however1 unless the king be declared at once1 before the first trick has been played4 ,still there is one case in which it would be bad policy to declare the king1 even though you hold it4 ,supposing that you mark three1 and that your adversary does not allow you to discard1 or that1 being himself the elder hand1 he should play without proposing2 in either case1 if he does not make the point1 he loses two1 which gives you the game1 a result you will have a greater chance of obtaining by masking your hand2 in other words1 by not announcing that you hold the king4 ,the markers used are generally a two and a three from the discarded suits4 ,on examining the cards after the deal the non-dealer1 if not satisfied with his hand1 exclaims1 ,je propose1 which is equivalent to saying that he wishes to exchange one or more of his cards with some of those in the remainder of the pack4 ,the dealer1 if inclined to accept the proposition1 signifies it by saying1 ,how many8 upon which both he and the non-dealer each change what cards they like1 exclaiming1 as they throw away the original cards1 ,j'carte4 ,should the dealer decline the offer1 and refuse to have any cards exchanged1 his opponent scores double for any points he may make1 except in the case of marking king4 ,sometimes when both players agree to change their cards1 discarding may be continued1 as long as any cards remain in the stock1 or until one of the players shall declare that he is satisfied1 when both must immediately cease discarding4 ,the game consists of five points1 each trick being won by the highest card of the suit led4 ,three tricks must be made in order to score one point2 five tricks to score two points4 ,it is possible for a player to score five points in one round1 thus3 ,first1 by marking king2 then if he should propose1 and be refused1 and afterwards make two points1 these two points he may double on account of being refused1 securing by this means the five points4 ,therefore in some cases it is advisable1 even with a good hand1 to propose1 for the simple reason that1 should the dealer refuse1 you score two points for three tricks1 and four for five tricks1 although you may only wish to change a single card in order to hazard the dealer's refusal1 or to make the vole if the proposal be accepted4 ,the important business of discarding being concluded1 the non-dealer leads off the game by playing any card he likes1 his adversary playing a higher card1 if he can1 of the same suit1 thus taking the trick4 ,should he have no higher card1 he may take the trick with a trump1 or pass it1 as he feels inclined4 ,the holder of the king of trumps scores one point2 but it is the rule that before it is played it shall be declared by the owner1 who must say1 as he puts it on the table1 ,i have the king4 ,needless to say1 no one announces the possession of the king until the first card has been played4 ,the elder hand may announce after he has played1 so that in its strictness the above rule applies only to the opponent2 still1 should the elder hand's king be covered by the card of his adversary1 before he has declared1 he cannot that time score the king4 ,as in other games1 the trump always wins the trick4 ,the winner of one trick also leads on for the next1 and thus the playing proceeds until all five tricks are won4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,loo4 ,this is a splendid round game1 in which almost any number of players may take part1 though1 perhaps1 to play the game well with real comfort1 the number should not exceed eight or nine4 ,no great skill is required by the players1 indeed success depends so much upon chance1 that perhaps the fact of this being so accounts for all the fun and excitement that are usually extracted from the game4 ,there are two kinds of ,loo1 viz41 ,limited and ,unlimited4 ,the former being the most popular1 it shall receive our first attention4 ,,limited ,,loo4 ,this is played with a full pack of fifty-two cards1 of which the ace is highest1 then king1 queen1 knave1 c41 as in ,whist4 ,the person to whom the deal falls must place three counters into the pool4 ,the other players each put in a certain number of counters agreed upon1 a number that should properly be divisible by three4 ,the cards having been shuffled and cut1 the dealer proceeds to give three cards to each player1 one at a time1 beginning with the player on his left4 ,in addition to this1 he also deals an extra hand1 which is called a dumby1 or miss1 and is placed in the middle of the table4 ,after this the card next turned up is the trump4 ,before looking at his own cards1 the dealer asks each player1 beginning at the elder hand1 and going round to the left1 what he intends to do in that round--play his own hand1 take the dumby1 or throw up his hand4 ,should the elder hand decline dumby1 the next player has the choice1 and so on2 but whoever takes it must play it2 no one may retract after having declared his intention4 ,when all have declared their intentions 7dealer included71 the elder hand of the players left who have not thrown up their hands plays his highest trump1 or1 if he have no trumps1 his highest card1 each succeeding player heading the trick4 ,the winner of the trick leads next by playing his highest trump1 and in this way the game goes on until all the three tricks are taken4 ,the pool is then divided into three equal parts1 and a part given to the winner of each trick2 therefore1 any player that should have taken three tricks would be entitled to the whole pool4 ,those who are unfortunate enough to take no trick at all are looed1 and their share is deposited by the dealer towards the next pool4 ,when only two players stand1 the last before the dealer is bound to play either his own hand or dumby1 and the game is re-commenced4 ,sometimes no trump is turned up2 the elder hand then plays his highest card1 the next follows suit1 if he can1 and so on4 ,if all have not been able to follow suit1 the dealer turns up the top card of what is left of the pack1 and the highest card of that suit which has been played wins the trick4 ,if all players have followed suit1 the dealer waits for an opportunity1 when all have not followed suit1 to turn up the trump card4 ,when no trumps have been played1 the highest card of the suit led wins the trick4 ,,unlimited ,,loo4 ,the method adopted in playing ,unlimited ,loo is much the same as that already described above1 excepting that the pool is not divided among the players4 ,still1 a player must take all three tricks to win the pool4 ,therefore1 when the tricks are won1 should they have been taken by one person1 the pool is his2 but if the tricks are divided1 the pool is left untouched1 and is added on to the next pool4 ,the players also who are looed have to pay double the price of the deal into the pool4 ,thus the game goes on1 until some one winning three tricks takes the pool4 ,the next hand then becomes ,bold ,stand1 and is dealt and played as first described4 ,the technical terms used in ,loo which must be understood are as follows3-- ,bold ,stand4--,to have a bold stand is a method of playing the game in which it is a rule that whenever there is only the deal to be played for every person is obliged to stand in order to make a loo for the next hand4 ,as often as this happens it is a bold stand4 ,dumby4--,the spare hand1 which must be dealt in the regular order of the other hands1 either first or last but one1 and not according to the dealer's whim4 ,force4--,the same as ,bold ,stand4 ,heading the ,trick4--,playing a better card of the suit led1 or not having any of the suit1 trumping it4 ,loo4--,the ,loo is the sum put up by any one that is looed1 and is either limited or unlimited2 when unlimited1 a person is looed for the whole amount of the pool2 if limited1 he is looed for no more than a certain sum1 previously agreed upon1 generally the price of the deal2 but he is never looed for more than the pool4 ,looed4--,a person playing is looed when he does not take a trick or when he breaks any laws of the game4 ,miss4--,the same as ,dumby4 ,mis-deal is when the dealer gives any of the party more or less than three cards1 or deals too many or too few hands1 or deals out of regular order1 or shows a card in dealing4 ,paying for the deal4--,at each new deal the dealer puts into the pool three counters1 and this is called the price of the deal4 ,pool4--,the pool consists of the counters which are paid for the deals and of the sums forfeited by those who were looed the preceding hand4 ,revoke4--,when a person who can follow suit does not do so4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cassino4 ,in order to understand the simple but highly amusing game of ,cassino it is absolutely necessary that a thorough knowledge of the technical terms used should be first acquired4 ,we will1 therefore1 give a list of them before describing the method of playing the game4 ,great ,cassino4--,the ten of diamonds reckons for two points4 ,little ,cassino4--,the two of spades for one point4 ,the ,cards4--,when you have a greater number than your adversary1 three points4 ,the ,spades4--,when you have the majority of the suit1 one point4 ,the ,aces4--,each of which reckons for one point4 ,the ,sweep4--,matching all the cards on the board4 ,building up4--,suppose the dealer's four cards in hand to be a seven1 ten1 and two aces2 his adversary plays a six--the dealer puts an ace upon it1 and says1 ,seven1 with a view of taking them with his seven2 the non-dealer throws a two upon them1 and says1 ,nine1 hoping to take them with a nine then in his hand2 the dealer again puts upon the heap his other ace1 and cries ,ten1 when1 if his adversary has ten1 he plays some other card1 and the dealer takes them all with his ten4 ,it will be observed that a player in announcing the denomination of a build always employs the singular number4 ,thus--,nine or ,ten1 not ,nines or ,tens4 ,this is called ,building up4 ,build from the ,table4--,employing cards on the table to continue a build4 ,call4--,suppose a player to have in his hand two or more cards of the same denomination1 and one or more cards of the same denomination remain upon the board1 he may play one of them on the table1 at the same time calling the denomination1 and his opponent is thereby debarred from taking it with a card of any other denomination4 ,in calling the denomination1 the plural is always used4 ,thus--,fours1 not ,four4 ,this is termed calling4 ,build4--,a card already built up4 ,false ,build4--,a build made without any card in hand to redeem it4 ,combine4--,to play a card which will take two or more cards of a different denomination whose aggregate number of pips or spots exactly equals those of the card played4 ,thus3 a ten will take a seven1 two1 and ace1 the combined spots on those cards being precisely ten4 ,last ,cards4--,those cards remaining on the board after the last trick is taken1 all of which go to the winner of the last trick4 ,eldest ,hand4--,the player sitting at the left hand of the dealer1 so called because he is the first to play4 ,mis-deal4--,an error in giving out the cards1 the penalty for which is the forfeiture of the game and all depending upon it4 ,,laws ,,of ,,cassino4 #a4 ,the pack must consist of fifty-two cards4 #b4 ,the dealer deals four cards1 one after another1 to each player1 beginning at the elder hand1 after which he deals four cards into the centre of the table1 face upwards4 ,he then gives each player four more cards1 putting no more1 however1 into the centre of the table4 #c4 ,in case of a mis-deal1 the dealer forfeits his deal4 #d4 ,any number up to twelve may play1 though four is the preferable number4 ,the game consists of eleven points1 and the player who first attains this number wins the game4 ,the score is counted in the following manner3-- ,the owner of ,great ,cassino scores #b points4 ,little #a ,for every ace #a ,for majority of spades #a cards #c ,a clear board reckons #a ,the player who takes the last trick wins the game4 ,the following is the method of playing3-- ,four cards are dealt to each player1 and four more are turned face upwards in the middle of the table4 ,the elder hand then looks at his cards to see if he can build1 combine1 or match any of his own cards with those turned up on the table4 ,he may have a seven and three1 a five and five1 a nine and one1 or these combinations may be on the table4 ,royal cards can only be matched by one of their own kind4 ,if the elder hand can do nothing1 he throws down a card on the table1 face upwards1 with the other four4 ,the second player then tries what he can do2 though it must not be forgotten that such cards as are taken must be kept by themselves and not played with again4 ,thus the game goes on until all the cards are finished1 when the dealer gives four cards more to each player1 but none in the centre4 ,in case of a clear board1 should the player next to the person who has made the clear board not have any cards to take1 he must throw one down4 ,at the end of the game1 the cards that each player has taken are counted up1 and the points made accordingly4 ,after the last trick has been taken there are sure to be some cards left on the board1 and these go to the winner of the last trick4 ,it should always be the object of the player to secure as many spades as possible4 ,for instance--if he has a nine of hearts and a king of spades in his hand1 and there is a nine and a king on the board1 he should take the king in preference to the nine1 as it will secure him a spade4 ,it is well1 however1 to get as many cards as possible4 ,supposing a player to have in his hand a nine and a king1 and there is a six and three and king on the board1 he would do wisely to take the six and three1 as1 that will help to a majority in cards4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,put4 ,in one respect the game we are about to describe differs from any other card game1 and that is in the order in which the cards rank4 ,three is the best card1 then two1 and next the ace1 king1 and all the rest in succession2 four1 of course1 being the lowest4 ,dr4 ,johnson1 in a letter he wrote to his friend ,boswell1 says3-- ,i play at ,put1 sir1 as ,i indulge in other amusements commonly pursued in society1 rather that ,i may study the real tempers and dispositions of mankind than from any overweening love of personal gain1 or any violent desire to take advantage of the ignorance or weakness of my adversaries2 for ,i hold it an indisputable truth that the characters of men and women are more fully and completely discerned at the card-table than in the ,senate1 the fashionable assembly1 or the privacies of domestic life4 ,put is played with a full pack of fifty-two cards1 and generally by two persons1 though frequently three and often four people join in it4 ,the object of the game is to score five points1 the player who succeeds first in doing this being winner4 ,after cutting for deal1 the player who had the lowest card gives three cards1 one at a time1 to both or all players1 beginning at the non-dealer4 ,when this is done1 if the non-dealer throws up his hand he loses a point2 if he plays1 and the dealer does not lay down another card to it1 he gains one point2 but if the dealer either win the same1 pass it1 or put down one of equal value1 making what is termed a tie1 the non-dealer is still at liberty to put 7or play71 and his adversary only scores one point4 ,such being the state of things1 should both players agree to go on1 the one who gains all the three tricks1 or two out of the three1 scores five points1 which make game4 ,if both players get a trick1 and the third is a tie1 neither player scores4 ,four-handed ,put differs from two-handed in one point--that is1 two of the players give each his best card to his partner1 who lays out one of his4 ,the game is played as in ,two-handed ,put4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,matrimony4 ,the simple1 amusing game of ,matrimony is one that always keeps up its popularity as a pleasant round game4 ,any number of players may join in it from five upwards1 but the greatest success generally attends it when there are many players rather than few4 ,the five chances of which the game consists have to be marked on a board or a sheet of paper4 ,the lowest card cut has the deal4 ,the first business is to determine what stakes shall be made4 ,for this purpose counters are mostly used1 after which the dealer places on each or any chance the sum he intends to venture4 ,the other players then all do the same1 though their stakes must all be one counter at least less than the dealer's4 ,if the dealer1 therefore1 should stake nine1 they may not place more than eight counters on the chance4 ,having arrived so far in the proceedings1 the dealer1 beginning with the player on his left1 gives two cards1 face downwards1 to each player2 then1 beginning again on his left1 he gives a third card to each player1 face upwards4 ,if the ace of diamonds1 which is the best card1 be turned up1 the possessor of it gains a clear board2 but if the same card be merely held in the hand1 its value is no greater than that of any other ace4 ,should the ace of diamonds not be turned up at all1 then the king1 queen1 or next highest card in that suit wins the best chance4 ,,best4 ,the ace of diamonds turned up4 ----------------------------------- ,,confederacy4 ,,matrimony ,king and ,king and ,queen4 ,knave4 ----------------------------------- ,,pairs4 ,the highest4 ,all hands are now turned up1 the holders of intrigue1 matrimony1 c41 taking the stakes placed on these points4 ,when two or more players happen to hold similar cards1 as king and queen1 king and knave1 c41 the stake is gained by the elder hand1 but if any chance be not won1 it is left over until the next deal2 and on any unclaimed point the stakes may1 if thought desirable1 be increased4 ,the chances rank1 it must be understood1 as follows3-- ,ace of diamonds 7best74 ,king and queen 7matrimony74 ,king and knave 7confederacy74 ,and any pair 7the highest74 99 99 99 99 99 ,,all ,,fours4 ,the name by which this game is known was1 no doubt1 given to it because of the four chances1 or points1 of which it consists--namely1 ,high1 which is the name given to the best trump2 ,low1 the smallest trump in the round2 ,jack1 the name of the trump suit2 and ,game4 ,the game may be played by either two or four players1 but the same rules apply to each4 ,it would1 perhaps1 be as well first of all to describe the technical terms used in ,all ,fours1 as the game cannot be understood without a knowledge of them4 ,high4--,the highest trump out2 the holder scores one point4 ,low4--,the lowest trump out2 the original holder of it also scores one point1 even if it be taken by his adversary4 ,jack4--,the knave of trumps2 the holder scores one point1 unless it be won by his adversary1 in which case the winner scores the point4 ,game4--,the greatest number that1 in the tricks gained1 can be shown by either party2 reckoning for ,each ace four towards game4 king three queen two knave one ten ten ,the other cards do not count towards game2 thus it may happen that a deal may be played without either party having any to score for game1 by reason of holding neither court cards nor tens4 ,when the players hold equal numbers 7ties71 the elder hand 7the non-dealer7 scores the point for game4 ,begging is when the elder hand1 disliking his cards1 uses his privilege1 and says ,i beg1 in which case the dealer must either suffer his adversary to score one point1 saying ,take one1 or give each three more cards from the pack1 and then turn up the next card for trumps2 if1 however1 the trump turned up be of the same suit as the first1 the dealer must go on giving each three cards more1 and turning up the next until a change of suit for trump takes place4 ,eldest ,hand4--,this term signifies the player immediately to the left of the dealer4 ,the following is the method adopted for playing the game3-- ,the ace is the highest card1 and deuce is the lowest4 ,after having cut and shuffled a pack of fifty-two cards in the ordinary way1 the dealer gives six to each player4 ,if there be but two players1 he turns up the thirteenth card2 but if four players1 he turns up the twenty-fifth card1 the suit to which the turn-up belongs being trumps4 ,should the turn-up be a knave1 the dealer scores one point4 ,the elder hand then looks at his cards1 and either holds it for play or begs1 that is to say1 that he must be allowed by the dealer to either score one point1 or that all the players should have three more cards given to them1 and that a new trump should be turned up4 ,when the latter plan is adopted1 should the turn-up be of the same suit as the last1 the dealer must go on giving three more cards until a change of trumps takes place4 ,the elder hand having decided on his hand1 plays a card from any suit he likes1 but must not beg more than once1 unless a special agreement has been made that he should do so4 ,the dealer to this plays another card1 which1 if higher1 wins the trick1 the winner of it thus becoming the next leader1 and so on throughout the six tricks4 ,according to the modern method of playing1 the trick need not be headed by one of the same suit2 the highest card played wins it4 ,when the six tricks are played1 the points are taken for ,high1 ,low1 ,jack1 or ,game4 ,jack counts one to the player who possesses it at the count-up1 and not to the player who owned it originally4 ,high and low each count one1 the players to whom they were dealt deriving the benefit of them4 ,the deal is taken in turns4 ,should no player have either a court card or a ten1 the elder hand scores the point for game4 ,in the case of two players having equal points towards game1 the elder hand of the two scores4 ,if only one trump should be out1 it counts both high and low to the player who first has it4 ,the science of the game consists1 as may easily be seen1 in first winning the knave2 second1 making the tens2 and third1 in taking the adversary's best cards4 ,,blind ,,all ,,fours4 ,this game is not often played by more than two persons4 ,six cards are given to each player1 the trump card being the first that is played by the non-dealer4 ,the points are generally nine or seven1 and there is no begging4 ,among some players a rule exists that the sixes and sevens should be rejected1 and that the pips on all the cards should be counted for game4 ,,all ,,fives4 ,this is a game that requires no small amount of skill to play it well1 but when once understood proves to be well worthy of the attention and admiration bestowed upon it4 ,instead of nine or eleven points being played for1 as in ,all ,fours1 sixty-one points constitute the game1 the marking of which is generally done on a cribbage-board4 ,the very first card played by the non-dealer is the trump card4 ,any one playing the ace of trumps marks four points to himself2 for king he marks three2 for queen1 two2 for knave1 one2 for the five of trumps1 five2 and for the ten of trumps1 ten4 ,when the knave1 ten1 or five are taken by superior cards1 the points belonging to them are scored by the winner4 ,in counting for game1 the five of trumps is reckoned as five2 all the other aces1 kings1 queens1 knaves1 and tens are counted the same as in ,all ,fours4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,poker4 ,the game of ,poker is better known in the ,united ,states than in ,england4 ,like many other games1 it is so closely associated with betting that its reputation has consequently suffered in no slight degree4 ,there are several varieties of the game1 known as ,stud ,poker1 ,straight ,poker1 ,whiskey ,poker1 ,twenty-deck ,poker1 and ,draw ,poker2 but as the last is the game best known1 it will1 perhaps1 be advisable to describe it first4 ,,draw ,,poker4 ,a full pack of fifty-two cards are required1 and any number of persons may play1 though some players think it better that the number should not exceed six or seven4 ,before dealing1 each player is provided with a certain number of counters1 which in ,america are styled chips4 ,the dealer then places a stake in front of him4 ,a single chip usually constitutes this stake1 and is called the ante4 ,having concluded this preliminary part of the business1 five cards are dealt to each player4 ,as in ,loo1 all look at their hands1 and declare in turn what they will do4 ,the choice of three things is given them3 ,they can throw up their hand1 and go out of the game for that deal2 keep their cards as they are2 or they may change as many of their own cards as they like for the same number from the remainder of the pack on the table4 ,in case any one should choose the latter alternative1 no one must look at the rejected cards4 ,when the dealer's turn comes to make his choice1 if he determine to play1 he is bound to add an equal amount to what he had previously staked4 ,this is called making good the ante2 by so doing the dealer places himself on an equal footing with the other players4 ,should he rather than raise his stake prefer to go out1 the next player is requested to raise2 but should he1 like the dealer1 also prefer to go out rather than raise1 the next player is asked1 and so on1 until some player expresses himself willing to raise4 ,this being the case1 the next player has three alternatives3 he must either go better1 which means stake some larger amount2 see the raise1 which signifies staking an equal amount2 or he must go out4 ,the choice of these three alternatives is given to each player1 until after full opportunity has been afforded to all of deciding1 no one has gone better1 but each of those remaining in has elected to see the raise1 the stakes consequently remaining equal4 ,the person who now is requested to show his hand is the player seated next to him who last saw the raise1 though if such player should not have a good hand to show1 he may1 if he likes1 go out without showing his cards4 ,perhaps to a greater extent in ,poker than in any other card game1 the great aim of a good player is to conceal his system of playing2 therefore1 although a player going out relinquishes all hold upon his stakes1 he would rather do that than show an inferior hand4 ,many of the technical terms used in ,poker being peculiar to the game1 a knowledge of them will be found necessary to the learner4 ,age4--,same as eldest hand4 ,ante4--,the stake deposited in the pool by the dealer at the beginning of the game4 ,at ,straight ,poker each player puts up an ,ante4 ,blind4--,this name is given to the bet made by the eldest hand before the cards are cut to be dealt4 ,the eldest hand alone has the privilege of starting the ,blind1 though the player to the left of him may1 if he likes1 double it1 and again1 the next player1 still to the left1 may straddle it1 which means double it again4 ,any player refusing to straddle thus prevents any one else doing so afterwards4 ,bluffing ,off4--,when a player with a weak hand bets so high that he makes his opponents believe he has a very strong hand1 and they are deterred from seeing him or going better4 ,brag4--,to bet for the pool4 ,call4--,to call a show of hands is for the player whose say is last to deposit in the pool the same amount bet by any preceding player1 and demand that the hands be shown4 ,chips4--,another name for counters4 ,draw4--,to discard one or more cards1 and receive a corresponding number from the dealer4 ,flush4--,five cards of the same suit1 not necessarily in order4 ,fours4--,four cards of the same denomination1 as four threes or four fives4 ,full4--,three cards of the same denomination and a single pair4 ,going ,better4--,when any player makes a bet1 the next player to the left may raise him or run over his bet1 which means that he may deposit more in the pool than his adversary has done4 ,pair4--,two cards of the same denomination1 as two queens4 ,a ,straight4--,five cards in numerical sequence1 though not of the same suit4 ,triplets4--,three cards of the same denomination1 as three aces4 ,although the ace is the highest card in this game for sequence purposes1 it may be counted as next to the two or next to the king1 as may best suit the player4 ,the player1 however1 is not on this account entitled to use the ace as a connecting link between the king and the two1 so as to form a sequence between them4 ,,straight ,,poker4 ,straight ,poker1 or ,bluff1 as it is often called1 is played according to the same rules as ,draw ,poker1 though there are one or two particulars in which it differs from that game4 ,not only the dealer1 but also every player1 antes before the cards are cut for deal4 ,the winner of the pool has the deal4 ,any player may pass1 and come in again if he chooses to do so1 provided that in the meantime no other player has raised4 ,no one is allowed to discard or draw any cards4 ,in case of mis-deal1 or when all the players pass1 the eldest hand deals1 and a fresh ante is added to the pool by each player making what is called a double header4 ,to prevent confusion1 and to save trouble also1 it is sometimes arranged that1 instead of each player depositing a fresh ante every time before the cards are cut1 one of the players shall take it by turns to chip for all4 ,when this is done1 the best way is to pass round the table1 by way of memorandum1 a buck4 ,this name is given to any small article which may serve as a reminder1 and should in the first instance start with the original dealer4 ,as soon as the dealer has chipped1 he hands the buck to his left-hand neighbour1 who keeps it until he in turn has chipped for all1 when he again passes it on4 ,so to the end the game goes on4 ,,whiskey ,,poker4 ,plenty of fun may be extracted from this highly amusing game4 ,to make the pool is the matter that requires the first consideration1 and to do this each player contributes one counter or chip4 ,after this1 the game is regulated very much by the same rules as those laid down for ,draw ,poker1 the only exception being that the strongest hand gets the straight flush4 ,five cards1 one at a time1 are given to each player1 besides which an additional hand1 called the widow1 is dealt1 and laid in the middle of the table4 ,all the players now look at their hands1 and if not satisfied with them1 they each in succession have an opportunity of making a little change in them1 according to the following explanation4 ,should it so happen that the eldest hand1 after examining his cards1 expresses himself satisfied with them1 the next player may1 if so inclined1 put down his own cards on the table1 and take up the widow instead4 ,when he has done so1 the other players in turn may select any card they please from the discarded hand in exchange for one of their own1 until some one declares himself satisfied by knocking on the table4 ,even after this1 however1 the rest of the players are allowed one more chance of drawing before showing the hands4 ,the strongest hand wins the game4 ,in case all should declare themselves satisfied without taking the widow1 the dealer turns his hand upwards1 and every one may draw a card from it4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,snip-,,snap-,,snorum4 ,the point aimed at in this game by each player is to be the first to get rid of his cards1 as the one who is first out is the winner1 and can claim from all the other players the same number of counters as they have cards left in their hands4 ,we cannot recommend to young people fond of noise and excitement a game more likely to suit them2 it is easily learnt1 although at the same time the learner will soon perceive that a certain amount of thought and judgment must be exercised in order to play to the best advantage4 ,any number may play1 from six or seven upwards4 ,first of all1 a whole pack of fifty-two cards is dealt out to the players1 the first of whom1 after the hands have been examined1 begins by putting down any card he likes1 at the same time calling out ,snip4 ,any one holding the next higher card of the same suit now places it upon the first card1 and cries ,snap2 while the person possessing the higher card still calls out1 as he plays it1 ,snorum4 ,the person holding the next card cries ,hi-cockalorum2 and should a higher card still be out1 the possessor plays it1 and cries ,jig4 ,the last word signifies a stop2 therefore no one afterwards can continue the sequence4 ,the ace counts as one 7the lowest card72 therefore kings are stops4 ,the player who first succeeds in getting out receives in some instances not only the separate contribution of each player1 but also the contents of the pool1 which has been formed by united donations from all the players4 ,when pools exist1 by way of enlarging them it will be found advisable to institute fines1 the excitement of the game being1 of course1 heightened by the winner of a sequence coming in for a good large reward4 ,as it is desirable that the player should keep the lead as long as possible in his own hand1 he will find that in order to do so he must not play his cards at random1 but must use discretion and forethought4 ,cards that cannot be led to1 such as aces1 or cards immediately following those that have been played1 should be brought out early2 while kings and all stops should be withheld as valuable until there is the chance of disposing of two or three of them together4 ,the above is the most common method of playing this game1 though another very amusing way is the following3-- ,every one places before him five counters1 which are considered as stock4 ,the aim of every one then is to play a card of equal value with that of the next player1 which is called snipping4 ,a third player1 having a card of like value1 snaps2 and a fourth player1 being equally fortunate1 snorums4 ,by way of illustration1 we will imagine the elder hand to have played a queen4 ,the second player also plays a queen1 in consequence of which the first player is snipped1 and has to place a counter in the pool4 ,the third player then also plays a queen1 when his predecessor 7the second player7 is snapped1 and must put two counters into the pool2 then if the fourth player also has a queen1 the third player is snorumed1 and pays three counters4 ,as each player becomes bankrupt by having had to pay all his counters1 he must go out of the game1 the pool falling to the lot of the player whose stock holds out the longest4 ,every one must snip or snap if he possibly can do so1 though no one must play out of turn4 ,sometimes the cards are dealt three or four times before the game is decided4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,commerce4 ,this game is well named1 for it is carried on throughout simply by a series of exchanges and business transactions4 ,a full pack of cards is used1 which are all dealt one by one to the players4 ,the ace counts as eleven1 tens and court cards for ten each1 and the rest of the cards according to the number of their pips4 ,before dealing1 a pool is formed1 by each player contributing to it an equal stake4 ,the eldest hand then begins by exchanging a card with his left-hand neighbour1 who again changes with his left-hand neighbour1 and so on until some one1 finding that he has a hand consisting entirely of one suit1 cries out ,my ship sails1 and thereupon takes to himself the contents of the pool4 ,the object aimed at by all the players is one of three things3 to make what is called a tricon 7three cards alike71 or a sequence 7three cards following each other of the same suit71 or a point 7which is the smallest number of pips on three cards of the same suit74 ,the winner of the pool is the player who has the highest tricon2 but should no tricon be displayed1 the highest sequence has it2 or in case of a failure also in sequence-making1 then the player who has the best point takes the pool4 ,in case of ties1 the banker or dealer is regarded as the eldest hand1 but should he hold a lower tricon or sequence than either of the others1 he loses the game1 and forfeits a counter to each player higher than himself4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sift ,,smoke4 ,a complete pack of cards is required for this game1 the value of which is the same as at ,whist4 ,the tricks gained are really of no intrinsic value1 though every one must either follow suit or play a trump4 ,the pack is first divided into two equal parts1 one portion of which is placed on the table1 while the others are dealt to the players1 the last card turned up being the trump4 ,as each trick is gained the winner of it takes a card from the half pack lying on the table2 he who can hold out the longest winning a stake that shall have been agreed upon at the commencement of the game4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,lottery4 ,this well-known game is generally acknowledged to be one of the most amusing that have ever been invented4 ,any number may play1 and a full pack of cards is required3 indeed1 it is not at all an unusual occurrence for two or three packs to be mixed together when the company is more than ordinarily large4 ,counters are given in equal numbers to every player1 each of whom contributes something towards a pool4 ,the cards1 containing one1 two1 or three packs1 as the case may be1 are then divided into two equal parts4 ,the person on the left of the dealer takes one of these parcels1 and out of it any one may draw three cards1 which are to be the prizes1 and are placed face downwards on the table4 ,the cards in the other parcel are then sold by the dealer for a certain fixed price1 perhaps a counter for each card1 all payments being placed in different proportions on the prizes4 ,any cards that are left after all have been supplied are sold to any one wishing to purchase them4 ,the players who have been fortunate enough to purchase cards corresponding with the prizes win the prizes1 and also all the stakes that have been placed upon them4 ,another way of playing after the counters have been distributed is for one pack of cards to be used as tickets and the other as lots or prizes4 ,two players then take in their hands the two packs of cards1 which must be shuffled1 and each one cut by the left-hand neighbour4 ,one of them then deals a card1 face downwards1 to each player1 and these are called the lots4 ,on each lot the players all place as many counters as they like1 after which a card to every one is given from the other pack1 and these second cards are called tickets4 ,supplies thus being concluded1 each player must examine his cards to ascertain whether the ticket he possesses corresponds with any of the lots4 ,any one who finds such to be the case may appropriate the lot or prize that is marked on that card4 ,at the close of the round any lots that may be left undrawn are carried on to swell the next lottery4 ,the cards are collected1 and1 after being re-shuffled and cut1 are dealt again as before2 and thus the game continues until the fund is all drawn out4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,quince4 ,in some parts of the ,continent this game of ,quince is very highly esteemed1 much more so than in ,england4 ,the method adopted in playing it is very similar to that of ,vingt-un1 though in ,quince only two persons can play1 while in ,vingt-un any number of players can join4 ,ace is lowest4 ,a full pack of cards is shuffled and cut1 after which the dealer gives one card to his adversary and takes one himself4 ,should the elder hand not approve of the card with which he has been favoured1 he can demand from the dealer as many additional cards as he imagines will enable him to make fifteen4 ,the aim of both players is to be first in making fifteen2 therefore1 as in ,vingt-un1 they must be careful1 in taking extra cards1 not to overdraw4 ,should both players overdraw1 the game is considered a drawn one1 and the stakes already made are doubled for another attempt4 ,although this simple and amusing little game is intended for two players only1 there is no reason why a large number should not join in it if so inclined4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,pope ,,joan4 ,this really delightful game may be enjoyed by almost any number of players1 though it must be remembered that1 in addition to the usual pack of cards required for all other card games1 a round board must be provided1 such as are sold specially for that purpose4 ,these boards1 as will be seen 7see figure71 are divided into eight compartments1 each of which is meant to hold the counters belonging to certain cards or combinations4 ,the names of these divisions are king1 pope 7which is the nine of diamonds71 knave1 game1 queen1 matrimony 7which is signified by the king and queen of trumps71 ace1 and intrigue 7the latter represented by the queen and the knave of trumps held in the same hand74 ,the first important business requiring attention is the dressing of the board2 and the fifteen counters necessary for this performance are either supplied by the dealer alone or are contributed by the company1 according to arrangement4 ,six are given to pope1 two to matrimony1 two to intrigue1 and one each to ace1 king1 queen1 knave1 and game4 ,the eight of diamonds being taken from the pack of cards1 the rest are dealt out equally to all the players1 face downwards1 the last card deciding for trumps4 ,illustration3 ,pope ,joan ,board4 ,should either ace1 king1 queen1 or knave happen to be turned up1 the dealer has the privilege of appropriating the counters that have been allotted to their compartments for himself1 and if pope be turned up1 the advantage gained by him is still greater4 ,he takes both it and game1 and also can claim a stake for every card dealt to each player4 ,in addition to the shares allotted to each player1 an extra hand is placed in the middle of the table1 to form what is called the stops1 and no one but the dealer has the privilege of looking at them4 ,the four kings1 which are the last of their suit1 and the seven of diamonds1 which precedes the eight of diamonds that has been withdrawn1 are always fixed stops1 the ace counting only as one in the game4 ,the players have two objects in view--one of which is1 to be the first to play out all their cards2 and the other1 to play those cards that will entitle them to receive the counters with which the board is supplied4 ,the dealer's left-hand player begins by playing any card he likes1 choosing one1 if possible1 that is one of a sequence1 so that he may have the opportunity of ridding himself of1 perhaps1 several cards at once4 ,any other player having the next higher card in sequence plays it1 then another1 until either a king1 a seven of diamonds1 or some other stop card is played4 ,the person playing a stop always leads next4 ,at any time during the game1 should an ace1 king1 queen1 knave of trumps1 pope1 matrimony1 or intrigue be played1 the owner of any of these cards is entitled to receive all the counters in the corresponding compartments of the board4 ,the player who first announces himself to be without cards is the winner of the game1 receiving1 therefore1 all the stakes in that compartment of the board1 and also from the rest of the players a counter for each card they may still have in hand4 ,among these unplayed cards1 however1 should one of them be pope1 the holder of it is excused from paying4 ,although in the same hand king and queen make matrimony1 and queen and knave intrigue1 neither they nor any other good cards entitle the holders of them to the stakes deposited in their particular compartments unless played out2 and it must also be remembered that all claims for payment are useless that are not made before the board has been re-dressed for the next deal4 ,still1 in cases where unclaimed stakes are left on from one round to another it is quite a common thing to terminate the game by dealing round the cards1 face upwards1 and giving to the holders of the various cards or combinations the pools corresponding to them1 thus making a clear board4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,spinado4 ,the game of ,pope ,joan1 although one of the most interesting of games1 is not practicable at all times1 simply on account of the necessity always existing for the presence of a board4 ,to such players as are fond of the game1 but do not possess a board1 the game of ,spinado will serve admirably as a substitute4 ,from a full pack of fifty-two cards all the twos are first extracted1 and also the eight of diamonds4 ,as in ,pope ,joan1 the object aimed at by the players is to be first out4 ,the lucky person who thus distinguishes himself is presented with a pool1 and also with a counter from every player for every unplayed card they still hold in their hand4 ,a peculiar arrangement exists with regard to the pool4 ,it is divided into three divisions1 one of which is intended for the player who is first out1 one for the player of matrimony 7which is king and queen of diamonds71 and one for intrigue 7king and knave of diamonds74 ,in order to form this combination of pools each player gives three counters to each pool 7making nine counters in all71 excepting the dealer1 who is called upon to contribute two dozen counters4 ,six of these go to the first out pool1 the same number to intrigue1 and twelve to matrimony4 ,the card honoured by being called ,spin is the ace of diamonds1 and may either be played alone or with any other card4 ,a card played with it thus becomes a stop1 and the possessor of it is entitled to take the next lead4 ,as in ,pope ,joan1 an extra hand is placed by the dealer in the middle of the table to make the stops1 and no one must refer to them but the dealer4 ,after dealing and forming the pools1 the game begins1 all vieing with each other who can first get rid of their cards4 ,the player of spin can demand1 before any other card is played1 the payment of three counters from every player2 the player of the king of diamonds two counters from each player2 and the players of matrimony and intrigue receive each the pools that have been specially prepared for them4 ,the simple holding of these combinations does not entitle any one to receive the pool2 the cards must be played1 and payments should all be made at once as soon as they become due4 ,if at the end of the game it is discovered that any one still holds in his hand the spin card1 he must pay to every one double for each of his unplayed cards4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,old ,,maid4 ,from a full pack of fifty-two cards take out one queen4 ,shuffle well the remainder1 and deal them1 face downwards1 equally to all the players until the pack is exhausted4 ,all must then arrange their cards in a fan-shape1 to be held in the hand1 and the honour of every one is depended upon not to look at any cards but his own1 because the strictest secrecy must be maintained4 ,the dealer begins by offering his cards to his left-hand neighbour to extract from it any card he likes4 ,the drawer then1 looking at the card he has taken1 tries to match it with one of those in his hand4 ,if able to do so1 he throws the pair out into the middle of the table2 but if he cannot do so1 he places it among his own1 and1 following the example of the dealer1 offers his own cards in the same way to his left-hand neighbour1 that he also may take any card he likes4 ,thus the game goes on until all the cards are paired1 excepting1 of course1 one card1 which is the companion to the banished queen4 ,the unfortunate individual in whose hand the solitary card is left is surely destined to be either an old maid or a bachelor4 ,the trial may1 of course1 be repeated as many times as agreeable to the company4 ,cards specially made for this game are sometimes used instead of ,whist cards1 and by some players are much preferred4 ,these real ,old ,maid's cards are composed of white thin cardboard1 an inch wide and from three to four inches long1 with the end intended for the top of the card made to form a point4 ,upon every card at the pointed end a number is written in very legible characters4 ,a couple of cards must be #a1 another couple #b1 another couple #c1 and so on1 until as many couples as it is thought will be required have been figured4 ,on a last single card the words ,the ,old ,maid must be distinctly written1 and before beginning to play the whole must be well shuffled4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,spade ,,and ,,gardener4 ,most young people who have had any experience at all of cards and card playing are well acquainted with the amusing 7though1 perhaps1 not highly intellectual7 game of ,happy ,families4 ,special cards1 called ,happy ,families1 can be bought1 containing family groups of four2 but where such cards have not been provided1 the game may be played with quite as much success with a pack of ordinary ,whist cards4 ,indeed1 it is more than probable that in the first instance the principles of the game made their appearance originally with cards of this description4 ,the court cards1 aces1 and tens of an ordinary ,whist pack are selected1 and to each king a name is given4 ,spade the ,gardener for one of their ,majesties will do as well as any other2 still1 if any better name suggests itself to the mind of any one1 there is no reason why such should not be adopted in preference4 ,supposing1 however1 this name to be the one chosen1 we should have the king of spades for ,spade the ,gardener1 the queen for his wife1 the knave for his son1 the ace for his servant1 and the ten of spades for his dog1 thus forming a complete family group4 ,three other comic names may easily be imagined for the other three suits1 after which the business proceedings must be commenced4 ,the dealer gives the cards out all round1 one after another1 face downwards1 until the whole pack is exhausted1 and the aim of each player must be to win from his friends the whole of the twenty cards4 ,supposing the name of ,shah of ,persia to have been given to the king of diamonds1 ,the ,afghan ,king to the king of clubs1 and ,good ,jack ,faithful to the king of hearts2 the elder hand then begins by asking from any one of the players he may choose to select a card which he imagines they may have4 ,he himself may have in his own hand three members of one family2 if so1 he must try to get the other two members1 and succeeding in doing so1 he must throw the whole family on the table1 and devote his energies to the acquisition of the other families4 ,the task1 however1 devolving upon each player of collecting the different members of the four families is by no means an easy one4 ,every time a card is asked for1 the player who makes the demand1 in doing so1 gives to the company a certain amount of information respecting his own hand1 because he may not lawfully ask for the ,shah of ,persia's dog unless he should already possess either the ,shah himself or some other member of the family4 ,if the card asked for be given him1 he may ask for another card from either the same person who acceded to his request or from any one else2 but as soon as he is refused1 his privilege passes on to the person who was unable to give him what he asked for1 and who may possibly request the return of the very cards he has been called upon to relinquish4 ,thus the game goes on until one of the players is left without cards1 who retires as out4 ,the rest of the players proceed in the same way until another is out1 then another1 and so on1 until at last two players only are left to end the struggle4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,happy ,,families4 ,although1 without doubt1 the well-known game of ,happy ,families is nothing but a variation of ,spade the ,gardener1 the rules of the game are not quite the same4 ,in some respects1 perhaps1 the game of ,happy ,families may be the better game of the two1 for the reason that1 in consequence of there being many more cards belonging to it1 a great many more players can take part in it4 ,in one of the ordinary ,happy ,family packs there are eleven families1 though1 instead of each family containing five members1 as in ,spade the ,gardener1 there are usually only four in ,happy ,families1 namely1 father1 mother1 son1 and daughter4 ,a pool is first formed by every player giving a certain number of counters1 and the cards are dealt round one by one1 face downwards4 ,on looking at their cards1 the player to the left of the dealer begins by asking any one in the company to give him a certain card1 which he needs1 perhaps1 to complete a family or to help to do so1 because the object of each player in this game is to secure for himself as many tricks as possible4 ,if the card he asks for be given him1 he may go on asking from the same person or from any one else2 but should he be refused1 it is the turn of the person who refused to ask4 ,it is a rule that no one shall ask for a card unless he be already supplied with one card1 at any rate1 of the same suit1 and every one also is bound to produce the card asked for if he can do so4 ,when the different members of the families are gathered together and united1 the player who has taken the greatest number of tricks wins the pool4 99 99 99 99 99 ,b,,zique4 ,before describing the game of ,bzique1 which1 under the name of ,penuchle1 is greatly in favour among the ,germans1 it will perhaps be advisable to give a list of the technical terms employed in it4 ,single ,bzique4--,the queen of spades and knave of diamonds1 which count #dj4 ,double ,bzique4--,two queens of spades and two knaves of diamonds1 which count #ejj4 ,brisques4--,the aces and tens in the tricks taken count #aj each4 ,common ,marriage4--,the king and queen of any suit but trumps1 which count #bj4 ,bzique ,pack4--,the same as the ,euchre1 ,piquet1 or cart pack1 composed of thirty-two cards1 all under the sevens1 except the aces1 being discarded4 ,quint ,major4--,same as sequence4 ,royal ,marriage4--,the king and queen of trumps1 which count #dj4 ,sequence4--,ace1 king1 queen1 knave1 and ten of trumps1 which count #bej4 ,stock4-,the number of packs of cards corresponding with the number of players1 shuffled together1 and ready to be dealt4 ,talon4--,the cards remaining after the dealer has distributed eight to each player4 ,declaration4--,showing and scoring any combinations1 such as those mentioned above4 ,four aces count #ajj ,four kings #hj ,four queens #fj ,four knaves #dj ,seven of trumps1 when turned or played1 counts #aj4 ,exchanging or playing the seven of trumps counts #aj4 ,the last trick counts #aj4 ,this game is most commonly played by two persons with two packs of cards2 but there must be a pack for every person playing1 so that if four play four packs must be used1 from which1 as has been said1 all cards under seven have been taken out excepting aces4 ,after shuffling and cutting1 the dealer gives three cards to his adversary and three to himself1 then he gives two1 then three again1 until both players are supplied with eight cards each4 ,the remainder of the pack1 which is called the talon1 are left on the table1 and the top card of it is turned up for the trump4 ,should the turn-up happen to be a seven1 the dealer is thereby entitled to score ten to himself4 ,after a trick has been made1 the holder of a seven of trumps can1 if so inclined1 exchange it for the trump card1 and for the exchange he scores ten4 ,the value of the cards in making the tricks is as follows3 ace 7which takes all other cards71 ten1 king1 queen1 knave1 nine1 eight1 seven4 ,trumps are of no special value until the last eight tricks are in the hands of both players4 ,the player who wins the first trick takes the top card from the talon1 thus completing his original number of eight4 ,the person also who has lost the trick does the same2 and so on1 until all the cards in the talon are exhausted4 ,as in other card games1 the winner of a trick is entitled to the next lead4 ,when cards of the same value are played at the same round1 the first that was turned up wins the trick1 unless1 of course1 it should be trumped or beaten by a card higher in value4 ,when a player wishes to declare1 he must do so immediately after taking a trick1 and before supplying himself with a new card from the talon2 and such cards as form a combination1 after being declared1 should be placed on the table1 face upwards2 being of the same value as if in the hand1 they may be played away as they are needed4 ,when the talon is exhausted1 the combinations that have been made are taken into the owner's hand1 and the last eight cards belonging to both players are disposed of the same way as in ,whist1 the second player following suit1 and heading the trick1 if he can possibly do so1 either by trumping or playing a higher card4 ,after ,bzique has been declared1 the cards forming that combination cannot be employed to form any other4 ,it is wise1 therefore1 to keep back the queen and knave to help to form other combinations before declaring ,bzique1 especially when diamonds or spades happen to be trumps4 ,in that case the queen may assist in making a royal marriage1 a sequence1 or one of four queens1 while the knave may help to form a sequence or one of four knaves1 both being also used afterwards in the declaration of ,bzique4 ,all kings and queens are better kept in hand until they can be married2 consequently1 should the player be uncertain whether to throw away an ace or a king1 if practicable1 let it be the former4 ,although four aces count more than four kings1 the declaration of four aces is not an easy matter to accomplish1 while it is very probable that an opportunity may arise for marrying a king1 when the pair may be thrown into the adversary's tricks4 ,the aces and tens of trumps are better reserved for the last eight tricks1 and a player should try to get the lead by taking the trick previous to exhausting the talon4 ,the adversary will thus be obliged to part with his aces and tens by playing them on the cards that are led4 ,the leader1 if strong in trumps1 may thus secure all the tricks1 and may also earn the privilege of making the last declaration4 ,b,,zique ,,without ,a ,,trump4 ,this is very much like the ordinary game1 the difference being that the trump card is decided1 not by the last turned up after the deal1 but by the first marriage that is declared4 ,the seven of trumps also does not count ten points4 ,the ,bziques1 four kings1 four queens1 c41 are counted the same as in ,bzique when the trump is turned1 and can be declared before the trump is determined4 ,it is the same with the other cards which constitute combinations2 their value is the same as in the proper game of ,bzique4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,snap4 ,the game of ,snap may either be played with the ordinary ,whist cards or with special cards prepared for the purpose1 though perhaps when the former are used it is for the simple reason that there are no real ,snap cards at hand4 ,the latter are certainly less bewildering and more interesting4 ,since the first introduction of ,snap1 the original figures have been varied and improved upon in many ways1 though the rules for playing the game continue the same4 ,among the later additions1 the ,floral ,snap 7if not quite so laughable as some of its predecessors7 is at any rate as interesting and artistic4 ,each pack consists of about fifty cards1 on four1 five1 or six of which are represented the same object4 ,a similar number of cards depict another object1 a similar number again another object1 and so on with the whole pack4 ,thus on four cards may be a rose1 on other four a yellow lily1 on other four a geranium1 on four more a pansy1 and on the rest of the cards other flowers4 ,the whole pack is dealt round1 face downwards1 to any number of players1 who must each place his own cards before him without looking at them4 ,the first player begins by turning up the top card of the pile1 the next does the same1 and so on1 but as soon as any one turns up a card resembling one that has already been exposed1 he calls ,snap1 at the same time winning all the cards that happen to have been turned up by the owner of the card resembling his own4 ,if1 however1 the owner of the card is fortunate enough to call ,snap first1 the tables are turned1 the first ,snapper becoming possessor of the other's cards4 ,the utmost vigilance is required to play the game at all successfully2 every one must be on the strict look-out in order to let no opportunity pass that would entitle him to call ,snap1 because1 as will very soon be discovered1 those who do not call ,snap frequently will very soon be out1 and will only be able to sit by as spectators of the merriment4 ,the quickest of players will1 however1 in course of time be obliged to retire from the scene of action2 one by one they will find themselves destitute of cards1 until at last the contest remains to be fought out by two players only4 ,at this crisis the excitement has generally reached its highest pitch1 and the fortunate one of these two players left with the cards in his hand is the winner of the game4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,zetema4 ,in some points ,zetema resembles both ,cribbage and ,bzique2 still1 in reality1 as will be found after a little experience by the player1 it is like neither2 and1 although it may not in the estimation of most card-players be exactly superior to those games1 it is quite as interesting and as exciting4 ,proper sets of ,zetema cards may be bought of any ordinary card dealer1 though in the absence of them ,whist cards may be made to answer the purpose instead4 ,the advantage of being supplied with the former1 however1 lies in the fact that with them is appended a ,table of ,scores like the following1 a knowledge of which is indispensable to the player3-- ,,table ,,of ,,scores4 ,assemblies4 ,points4 ,for an assembly of the five ,kings #ajj ,queens #ajj ,knaves #ij ,aces #hj ,fives #hj ,any others #fj ,,marriages4 ,points4 ,declaration of marriage #aj ,declaration of imperial marriage1 that is1 the second marriage of ,the duplicated suit1 after the other has been declared #bj ,declaration of two marriages at one declaration #cj ,declaration of two marriages at one declaration1 of which one is the imperial marriage #dj ,declaration of the two marriages of the duplicated1 but at one declaration #ej ,declaration of three marriages at one declaration #fj ,declaration of three marriages at one declaration1 of which one is the imperial marriage #gj ,declaration of three marriages1 of which two are of the duplicated suit1 at one declaration #hj ,declaration of four marriages at one declaration #ajj ,declaration of four marriages at one declaration1 of which one is the imperial marriage #aaj ,declaration of four marriages1 of which two are of the duplicate suit1 at one declaration #abj ,declaration of the five marriages at one declaration #aej ,declaration of a flush1 or of all the cards in hand being of one suit1 which must not be the duplicate suit #cj ,declaration of a sequence1 or when all the cards in hand follow each other in order of value or number #cj ,,tricks4 ,king or queen trick 7when made7 #ej ,knave trick do4 #bj ,ace trick do4 #ae ,five trick do4 #ae ,all other tricks do4 #e ,penalties for playing out of turn or accidentally exposing a card during play3-- #ast4--,the card must be left exposed on the table until the player's turn comes round1 when it must be played4 #bnd4--,the player cannot draw1 under any circumstances1 at that time from the pack to complete his hand1 but must continue one card short4 #crd4--,if the exposed card be a winning card1 the score is lost4 #dth4--,if not a winning card1 it will follow the usual course4 ,on opening a pack of ,zetema cards1 it will be seen that they are composed of a full pack of ,whist cards1 with the addition of a double set of one of the suits4 ,when ordinary cards are used1 it is immaterial which suit is chosen to be duplicated2 all that is necessary is that before beginning to play the double suit should be declared4 ,each trick1 therefore1 consists of five cards instead of four1 and as some of these tricks are much more valuable than others1 the aim of every player should be to secure the highest tricks4 ,the combination known as an assembly1 and which is mentioned in the score1 is simply a trick not yet played1 but still held in hand4 ,five cards of equal value do not often fall to the lot of any one1 therefore this combination does not often occur2 and in most cases it is1 perhaps1 wise for players to be satisfied with something less4 ,still1 when a player holds in his hand two or three kings or two or three queens1 he is quite justified in making an attempt to secure the five1 in order that he may lay claim to the highest score2 because1 as will be seen from the list1 an assembly1 either of five kings or of five queens1 counts #ajj4 ,when all the six cards in hand are of the same suit1 the owner of them can lay claim to a score of thirty1 though this combination is not a very common one1 because flushes of the duplicated suits do not count4 ,the most likely time to secure a flush is when not many of the same suit have been already played4 ,the sequence combination is generally the best paying of all1 especially when the number of players is only small4 ,the ace may be counted either as one or as best card1 whichever will be most advantageous to the player4 ,therefore1 if one1 two1 three1 four1 five1 six2 four1 five1 six1 seven1 eight1 nine2 or nine1 ten1 knave1 queen1 king1 ace1 be possessed by any one1 the owner of such cards may score thirty4 ,sequence cards must1 of course1 follow in rotation1 but they need not be of the same suit2 and after counting a sequence1 and also after counting a flush1 four of the same cards may be employed in making another sequence or flush4 ,in ,two-handed ,zetema1 four1 or even five1 sequences are often counted in the playing of one game4 ,a common marriage1 which scores ten1 is secured to any one who plays a king and queen of the same suit4 ,the imperial marriage consists of the second king and queen of the duplicate suit4 ,the playing of the first king and queen of this suit constitutes nothing more than a common marriage4 ,experience will teach the player that when he holds three or four kings and queens in his hand1 he will gain more by keeping them back until he can declare them all at once than by declaring them singly1 because the declaration of two or three marriages at the same time score much more in comparison than if declared singly4 ,with regard to tricks1 the player should make every effort possible to secure the knave trick1 which scores twenty1 and the ace trick and the five trick1 which score fifteen each4 ,the person entitled to score the tricks is the one who plays the last or fifth card of the same value2 by doing so he gains five4 ,it is only possible to make a king or queen trick when an assembly of one of them has been declared2 the others then being played in the same way as the cards lower in value1 the trick scores fifty4 ,when four or more persons play at ,zetema they must arrange themselves in couples1 as at ,whist1 and sit opposite to each other1 one of each couple undertaking to mark the scores1 the other turning and collecting the tricks2 but when only two or three play every one scores for himself4 ,when not more than four are playing1 the dealer distributes six cards to each player1 placing all the cards that remain face downwards on the table4 ,every one then carefully examines the cards given him1 to ascertain what course it would be wise for him to adopt4 ,a study of the rules will enable him to decide which declaration he will most likely be able to make4 ,as in ,bzique1 every player should always have six cards in his hand4 ,after playing one1 therefore1 he must take up a card from the over cards on the table to make up his number4 ,this must be done1 however1 at once1 immediately after he has played a card1 otherwise he cannot claim it1 and must suffer the consequence1 which1 doubtless1 will be that he cannot in that hand score either a sequence or a flush4 ,in attempting to form sequences it is advisable1 as in ,bzique1 to retain1 if possible1 such cards as would help to make another sequence4 ,the card drawn sometimes happens to be of the same value as one of those held in the hand2 in that case one of them may be made to contribute towards an additional sequence4 ,the player of the fifth card who completes a trick when four cards have already been played cries ,zetema as he turns the trick1 and scores for it4 ,thus the game goes on until all the over cards have been gradually withdrawn1 the taking of the last of these being the signal for the best part of the game to begin4 ,the playing of the last six cards and the making of the rest of the marriages and tricks form usually the most exciting part of the whole affair4 ,the player most of all to be envied is the drawer of the last card on the table2 for this reason1 that as every one else must play their card first1 he has the opportunity of retaining command of an imperial marriage or of any other good trick until the end of the game4 ,although the declaration of two or three marriages is highly advantageous1 still there is no danger in playing one of the cards of a marriage in one round1 and declaring the marriage in the next round1 rather than play them both at once4 ,when there are more than four players1 five cards instead of six must be given to each by the dealer1 the flushes and sequences being1 of course1 smaller in comparison4 ,before attempting to play1 a thorough knowledge of the rules must be acquired1 and also great care and prudence must be exercised throughout the whole game1 in order to ensure success4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,french ,,vingt-,,un1 ,,or ,,albert ,,smith4 ,this lively and amusing game is a variation of the ordinary game of ,vingt-un1 and is well worthy of the popularity it has gained among most lovers of card games4 ,for a round game it is especially suitable1 not only because any number of players may join in it1 but for the reason that even while playing it is not necessary for the attention of the players to be so entirely absorbed in the game as to be unable to manifest any interest in anything else that may be going on in the room4 ,it is perhaps longer than most ordinary card games1 and should not therefore be entered upon by players who have not plenty of time at their disposal4 ,in making the necessary preparations for it1 a good supply of counters must be provided1 and a very excellent plan sometimes adopted is to limit the number staked to three1 the dealer having the privilege at any time to double the stakes1 should he be so inclined4 ,the eight rounds of which the game consists are all played differently2 the first one resembles the ,ordinary ,vingt-un4 ,the second round is called ,imaginary ,tens1 and also resembles ,vingt-un1 excepting that each player1 whatever cards have been dealt to him1 counts them as ten more than they really are4 ,as in ,vingt-un1 one card is given to each player1 and before receiving it he must make his stake4 ,to this card the imaginary ten is added1 and then the players either take more cards or stand1 in order as near as possible to make twenty-one4 ,third round1 or ,blind ,vingt-un1 comes next1 in which each player1 after making his stake1 has two cards dealt to him4 ,on these two cards he may either stand or draw more1 but whatever decision he makes1 it must be arrived at without looking at his cards4 ,in the fourth round1 which is known as ,sympathy or ,antipathy1 every one makes his stake1 and then announces upon which of the two he will stake1 ,sympathy or ,antipathy1 the former being expressed by two cards of the same colour1 the latter by two cards different in colour4 ,he then receives from the dealer two cards1 which1 if corresponding with his choice1 makes him winner of the stake2 if the contrary1 he must pay the dealer4 ,fifth round1 or ,rouge et ,noir1 closely resembles the preceding round1 excepting that1 instead of two cards1 one card only is given to each player1 whose stake has reference to nothing more than the colour of the card4 ,in some circles three cards instead of one are dealt4 ,when this plan is adopted the colour is decided by two out of three4 ,in the sixth round1 called ,self and ,company1 two cards are put down by the dealer1 one of which he names self1 and the other company4 ,a stake consisting of a certain number of counters is then placed upon the table by each player1 and if the two cards that have been dealt prove to be pairs the dealer wins1 but if otherwise he must go on dealing until a card is turned up that pairs with either self or company1 the card thus paired being the winner2 the dealer receiving or paying1 as the case may be4 ,in the seventh round1 or ,pips1 as it is called1 there is no staking whatever4 ,the dealer simply gives two cards all round1 including himself4 ,he then compares his own with those of each of the company1 and every one whose cards are less in value than the dealer's gives him as many counters as will make the difference1 while1 on the other hand1 the dealer has to pay in the same way those whose cards are higher than his4 ,ties cancel each other1 and the ace reckons as one1 not as eleven4 ,the last and eighth round is called the ,clock4 ,a certain stake being agreed upon1 each player lays his counters in front of him4 ,the dealer then begins to deal face upwards1 at the same time counting up to thirteen1 or rather up to ten1 when he says knave1 queen1 king4 ,during the counting1 should he happen to turn up a card corresponding with the number he is at the time calling out1 he wins all the stakes1 but if he counts as far as king1 that is thirteen1 and every card has been different to the numbers he has called1 he pays all round the amount that has been staked by each player4 ,as may be imagined1 these eight rounds cannot be played in a very short space of time4 ,when they are completed the deal is transferred to the left of the last dealer1 who begins again with the first round4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,beggar ,,my ,,neighbour4 ,this game1 although requiring no amount of intellectual power1 has been1 and no doubt still will be1 a source of great amusement4 ,the cards are dealt1 face downwards1 equally to as many as wish to join in the game4 ,the first player begins by putting down the first card4 ,if it be a one1 two1 three1 or anything but a court card1 he continues putting down one after another1 until at last he turns up a court card4 ,if this turn-up be a king1 his neighbour must pay to him three cards1 if a queen two cards1 and if a knave one card4 ,when the payment is made1 the first player takes up the whole of the cards that have been laid down1 and puts them underneath those in his hand4 ,if1 however1 among the cards that were paid to the first player the second player should have played a court card1 he receives payment in the same way from the third player2 and if when the third player is playing he puts down a court card1 he receives payment from the fourth player1 and so on1 the cards being taken up each time by the person who receives his due in ordinary cards4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,catch ,,the ,,ten4 ,in this game1 which in many circles is known as ,scottish ,whist1 the aim of every player is to catch the ten of trumps1 or to prevent its falling into the hands of an opponent4 ,two1 three1 four1 five1 or six persons may play1 the arrangement of the party depending1 of course1 upon the number of the players engaged4 ,a party1 consisting of four1 divide into couples as at ,whist4 ,when there are two1 three1 or five players1 each plays upon his own account4 ,when six play1 ,a1 ,c1 and ,e are against ,b1 ,d1 and ,f1 or ,a1 and ,d1 ,b1 and ,e1 ,c1 and ,f in three partnerships2 the partners sitting opposite to each other with an adversary between each two4 ,out of a full pack of cards1 the twos1 threes1 fours1 and fives are thrown out1 and1 if necessary1 for an equal division of the cards1 one or more of the sixes4 ,with the exception of the trump suit the cards value the same as at ,whist1 and the method of playing is also the same4 ,trumps count as follows3 ,the knave1 which is the best1 reckons eleven2 the ten for ten2 ace1 four2 king1 three2 and queen1 two4 ,the trump suit is reckoned1 not as in ,whist1 by the original possessors of the cards1 but to those who may be fortunate enough to take them during the game4 ,the players must of course follow suit1 and the penalty for a revoke is the loss of the game4 ,forty-one is game1 the points of which are made by counting the cards in the tricks taken and the honours of trumps4 ,the surest way of saving the ten is to play it in a round of trumps1 when one of your partners has played the best trump2 or1 if you happen to be last player1 and have none of the suit led1 trump with your ten1 if it will take the trick1 or if your partner has already taken it4 ,should the leader happen to have knave and king1 or ace and king1 he would do wisely to play two rounds of trumps1 so that he may have the chance of catching the ten in the second round4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cheat4 ,this lively round game may be joined in by any number of players1 who must1 first of all1 have dealt to them equally a pack of fifty-two cards4 ,as soon as all have examined their hands1 the player on the left of the dealer begins by playing the lowest card he has1 face downwards 7ace counting lowest71 at the same time calling out what it is4 ,the next player puts down a card1 face downwards1 and calls the next number2 thus1 should the first player play a one1 the second player1 whatever his card may be1 must call out two4 ,as it is not necessary for the card laid down to correspond with the number called1 the fun of the game consists in putting down the wrong card4 ,any one of the company is at liberty1 however1 to challenge a player to show the card last played1 immediately after it has been put down1 by calling out ,cheat4 ,in this case the player must show his card1 and if it should not be what he said it was1 he must take all the cards laid down4 ,as the player who first finishes his cards wins the game it is greatly to his disadvantage to have a new number added to his original stock4 ,the player who is cheated recommences the next call4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,truth4 ,for this capital round game two packs of cards must be provided1 one of which is handed1 complete1 to a member of the party who consents to lead the game1 and which he must place by his side1 face downwards1 the other being dealt to the company1 card by card1 until it is exhausted4 ,the leader then begins by putting any question he likes to the players1 the answer to which is obtained by the following method3--,when he asks his question1 he at the same time turns up the top card of the undealt pack4 ,whatever this card may be the leader calls for the counterpart to it from one of the players1 the one who exhibits it being the one to reply to the question4 ,ridiculous personal questions are sure to create more fun than anything else4 ,for instance1 should the leader ask1 ,who is the vainest person in the room8 and1 at the same time turn up the queen of hearts1 the player unfortunate enough to possess the similar card in the other pack is the ill-fated individual who then proclaims his vanity4 ,as a slight compensation1 however1 for his ill-luck1 he is entitled to put the next question1 which may1 of course1 be as unmerciful as the one asked concerning himself4 ,as each question and answer card are produced they are laid aside2 and thus the game proceeds until both packs are finished4 ,,parlour ,,magic4 ,,conjuring4 ,nowadays ,conjuring has its professors and teachers1 and may be ranked as a science1 if not as an art4 ,tricks that have astonished audiences for a length of time are explained upon the payment of fees1 and instructions are given to amateurs as to how to perform them2 but in these pages we aim at nothing beyond describing certain tricks and telling how they are done1 and we would seriously urge our young friends to remember that between this and teaching them how to perform the tricks there is a vast difference4 ,many of the tricks described may be performed on the descriptions here given1 but any one anxious to become an adept even in what we describe will be well repaid in the greater amusement he will be able to provide for his friends if he takes a few lessons from some professor of magic4 ,valuable hints may be obtained from various books1 and we heartily recommend1 for pleasant reading as well as for study1 the works of ,piesse1 ,hoffmann1 ,cremer1 and the ,memoirs of ,robert ,houdin4 ,perhaps next after personal lessons in the art1 ,hoffmann's will be found the most instructive book as to details2 ,cremer's gives the best variety of simple tricks adapted to the drawing-room or parlour2 while for general interest and fascinating reading the ,memoirs of ,robert ,houdin will carry off the palm against many novels and romances4 ,the following general hints and directions must always be borne in mind4 ,the simplest trick cannot be performed without much patience and perseverance2 every trick must be practised over and over again before attempting it in the presence of an audience4 ,it is advisable to practise the tricks before a looking-glass1 and for two reasons3 firstly1 to see that you are doing the trick neatly2 and secondly1 it is a training in accustoming the eyes not to look at the hands during the performance of a sleight4 ,a conjurer should always have his eyes fixed intently on his audience1 and keep up during the exhibition of his tricks an ever flowing talk or patter4 ,he must never lose confidence in himself2 if so1 all is lost4 ,nor must he call attention to what is about to be done2 but when the trick is really done1 he should then direct the attention of the audience to it1 as if it were about to be done4 ,a trick should not be repeated2 if an encore is called for1 a similar trick should be substituted4 ,the object of the conjurer is always not to be found out4 ,the cultivation of the art of talking1 or the use of patter1 is a leading essential to success2 it is as necessary to rehearse the conversation to be used as the tricks to be exhibited4 ,the talking1 too1 must always be uttered as if that were really the most important part of the entertainment1 the tricks being only accessory thereto4 ,this judicious patter will not only keep the audience amused1 but will prevent them from concentrating their attention more closely than is desirable upon the manipulations of the performer4 ,if some clever fellow should be present1 more intent upon perplexing the performer than upon being amused1 it will be necessary in self-defence to play off some tricks at his expense early in the entertainment4 ,the conjurer should dispense with all grotesque attire1 ordinary evening or morning dress being ample4 ,he should also do without confederates in the audience and assistants on the stage or platform1 but an assistant behind the scenes will sometimes be very necessary4 ,showing off merely mechanical or automatic tricks is to be avoided4 ,many of them are very wonderful1 but the whole credit of them is due to their inventors4 ,as a general rule1 the ,magician's ,wand and the ,magician's ,table are all the materials needed for the practice of conjuring sufficient to amuse a friendly audience in a drawing-room for an hour or more4 ,the wand in itself is of no real use1 but it serves as a means of directing the attention of the audience away from the hands of the performer1 when it is judiciously placed upon or removed from the table1 or when pointed at some particular object4 ,it should be a tapering stick or ruler1 from a foot to a foot and a half in length4 ,the table may or may not be specially prepared1 but it should be a few inches higher than an ordinary table1 in order that the operator may stand at it1 and if necessary place his hand behind and below1 without stooping or appearing to arrange anything under it2 a drawer or cloth judiciously placed will sometimes be necessary4 ,with these general remarks we will proceed with our programme1 giving first a few ,,simple ,,deceptions ,,and ,,minor ,,tricks4 ,,eatable ,,candle-,,ends4 ,punch with a metal tube a few pieces out of some apples2 place in one end of each piece a strip of burnt almond1 and make the whole look as much like candle-ends as possible4 ,during the entertainment have them brought in1 and1 lighting them one by one1 proceed to explain in the patter the relish there is in tallow1 and then eat them off as quickly as possible4 ,the almond strips imitating the wick of the candle should be slightly oiled1 to make them burn readily4 ,a quick lad will be able easily to extinguish the flame before it reaches his mouth without letting it appear that the flame is extinguished4 ,the imitation candle-ends should not be handed round for inspection2 but when the performer is able to make a clever substitution it may be advisable to allow some real candle-ends to be carefully examined4 ,the instructions as to ,how to ,swallow a ,flame come in appropriately here4 ,on putting the candle or other lighted object to the mouth1 breathe strongly inwards2 the flame will then enter the mouth without touching or scorching the lips1 and as the lips close will become extinguished4 ,,to ,,pull ,a ,,string ,,through ,a ,,button-,,hole4 ,tie together the ends of a piece of string about two feet long2 pass it thus tied through a button-hole of the performer's coat2 hitch each end on to one or other of the thumbs1 catch up with the little fingers the upper strings on the thumbs of the opposite hand2 then stretching out the hands will have the effect of giving the string a very complicated appearance4 ,if the hold of the right thumb and left little finger1 or vice vers1 be then loosed1 and the hands smartly separated1 the string will come away from1 and seem as though it had passed through1 the substance of the coat4 ,,the ,,cut ,,string ,,restored4 ,take a piece of string about four feet long2 hold the ends1 points upwards1 between the first and second finger and thumb of the left hand and the first finger and thumb of the right hand1 letting the remainder of the string hang down in a loop2 then bring the right hand close to the left1 crossing at right angles that end of the cord held in the left hand1 and continue to pull until half the length of the string has passed the left hand1 at the same time slipping the third finger of the left hand between the two parts of the string4 ,the first finger and thumb of the right hand should then seize the string at a point just below the little finger of the left hand1 the third finger of that hand at the same time drawing back the string towards the palm of the hand4 ,the part of the string now held horizontally between the two hands is only the continuation of the end held in the left hand1 although it will appear to be the middle of the string4 ,this piece of the string some one of the audience should be invited to cut1 and thus apparently cut the string in half1 although in fact he will only be cutting off two or three inches4 ,place all the ends of the string between the teeth1 withdraw the short piece with the tongue1 and show the remainder--apparently the string as it was at the commencement4 ,of course1 the string must not be measured1 or the trick will be detected4 ,some little practice will be needed before the necessary arrangement of the string can be neatly made4 ,,the ,,musical ,,snail4 ,a common garden snail may be made to perform musical sounds by making it crawl along a pane of glass placed on rests like a sounding-board2 the sounds emitted will be something like those of a harmonium4 ,,to ,,extract ,a ,,cork ,,from ,a ,,bottle ,,without ,,touching ,,the ,,cork4 ,fill a bottle full of water or other liquid1 and cork it so tightly that the bottom of the cork is flush with the liquid4 ,wrap the bottle round at the bottom with a thick cloth1 and knock it against some immovable object4 ,the motion of the water acting as a solid body should force out the cork4 ,,the ,,bottle ,,fountain4 ,force a glass tube1 one end of which is a trifle larger than the other end1 through the stopper of a bottle1 with the small end of the tube upwards4 ,the bottle should be about two-thirds full of water1 and the tube should reach nearly1 but not quite1 to the bottom4 ,blow with considerable force down the tube1 and on quickly removing the mouth the water will spurt out1 forming a fountain of spray so long as any water remains in the bottle4 ,,to ,,place ,,wine ,,under ,a ,,hat1 ,,and ,,to ,,drink ,,it ,,without ,,touching ,,the ,,hat4 ,cover a glass of wine over with a hat placed on an ordinary table1 and say that you will drink the wine without touching the hat4 ,as a preliminary1 impress upon the company the necessity of every one abstaining from touching the hat2 then get under the table1 and pretend from there to drink the wine by sucking it through the table4 ,after getting up1 request some person 7who will not be likely to refuse7 to remove the hat1 in order to ascertain whether the wine has disappeared4 ,immediately upon this being done1 take up the glass and swallow its contents1 claiming to have drunk the wine without lifting the hat4 ,of course this deception should not be practised more than once before the same audience4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,card ,,tricks ,,and ,,combinations4 ,for ,parlour ,magic a pack of cards will be found the source of endless amusement and variety4 ,for the sleight-of-hand card tricks considerable practice is needed before they can be performed neatly and cleverly1 so as to prevent the detection of the trick4 ,to palm a card1 to make the pass1 to force a card1 to make a false shuffle1 to sight a card1 are necessary accomplishments for the conjurer to learn and practise4 ,as a general rule1 it will be found more convenient to exhibit card tricks with a piquet pack of cards1 or with an ordinary pack from which have been thrown out the twos1 threes1 fours1 fives1 and sixes2 the pack so reduced can more readily be palmed2 indeed1 for a lad whose hand has not attained its full size1 the reduction of the pack from fifty-two cards is absolutely necessary4 ,,to ,,palm ,a ,,card4 ,this consists in bringing a card from the general pack into the hollow of the hand and keeping it there unperceived4 ,the card it is desired to palm should first be brought to the top of the pack2 hold the pack1 with the faces of the cards downwards1 in the left hand1 covering the pack with the right hand4 ,push the card to be palmed until it projects beyond the edge of the pack2 with the third finger of the left hand press the card upwards into the right hand1 which should be half closed over it4 ,slightly bend the card1 and it will lie snugly curved up against the inside of the hand4 ,the better to prevent detection1 then take the pack of cards between the finger and thumb of the right hand and offer it to be shuffled4 ,if the palmed card is not known by the performer this will give him an opportunity of seeing it4 ,the mere motion of taking the pack into the hand will give sufficient opportunity to return the palmed card into the pack4 ,the possessor of a large hand with long fingers may in this way1 if necessary1 palm a whole pack of cards1 and so enable him to increase very considerably his repertoire of card tricks4 ,,to ,,make ,,the ,,pass4 ,no one should attempt conjuring tricks with cards until he has thoroughly mastered this sleight2 it requires a good deal of practice to perform it neatly and without risk of detection4 ,its object is to reverse the respective positions of the top and bottom halves of the pack4 ,there are various methods of producing this result1 some requiring the use of both hands and some of one hand only4 ,upon the instructions here given the plan may be varied after experience has been gained1 but ,m4 ,robert ,houdin states that at least an hour a day for a fortnight should be devoted to practising the pass before the conjurer appears before an audience4 ,at any rate1 it is useless to attempt card-conjuring until the pass has been mastered4 ,the following description of how to make the pass is derived from ,hoffmann's translation of ,houdin's account of the trick3--,the cards are to be held in the left hand1 with the faces downwards1 and between the two cards at which the pass is to be made the tip of the little finger is to be inserted2 then cover the whole pack with the right hand1 and at the same time take between the middle finger and thumb of that hand the opposite ends of the cards forming the lower portion of the pack2 with the little and middle fingers of the left hand draw away and make the upper packet pass under the lower packet of cards4 ,the whole trick will1 after practice1 be done easily1 lightly1 noiselessly1 and in less than a second4 ,the different motions here separately described will have to be done simultaneously1 and with such rapidity that no motion of the cards should be apparent4 ,,to ,,force ,a ,,card4 ,this means that when offering a pack to one of the audience for him to draw from it any card he chooses he is made to draw that card which the performer wants4 ,the trick1 although of some difficulty to perform successfully1 is really more dependent upon mental address than upon manipulation4 ,the card to be forced should be placed either at the top or the bottom of the pack1 and by a cut brought into the middle of the pack1 and should be held by the little finger1 as explained in making the pass1 immediately above that finger4 ,proceed with the pack closed to some one of the audience1 requesting that a card may be taken1 at the same time spreading the whole pack out fan-wise1 and very slightly pushing forward the card to be taken4 ,in all probability the card offered will be taken1 owing to its being slightly more prominent than the rest2 but if it seems that any other card is about to be selected close the pack up1 appear to cut it again1 and make the offer a second time4 ,be very careful not to spread out the cards until the invitation to take one has been given--so long as the pack is closed a card cannot readily be removed--but immediately upon giving the invitation spread the whole pack out1 slightly advancing the desired card as instructed4 ,if by inadvertence the wrong card is allowed to be taken1 the mistake may be remedied by forcing the desired one upon some other person4 ,the card to be forced should not be held1 while all the other cards should be tightly secured in one or other of the performer's hands4 ,the readiness with which the forced card may be removed will imperceptibly act as an inducement to its removal4 ,if1 on the other hand1 the wrong card should be taken--and from the nature of the trick it is unadvisable to force the right card upon a second person--let the card taken be again placed in the pack2 palm it in accordance with the instructions given as to palming a card1 and manage then1 unperceived1 to get a sight of it1 when it may answer all the purposes that the card it was desired to force would have answered4 ,,to ,,sight ,a ,,card4 ,as stated above1 it is sometimes necessary to sight a given card1 and this has to be done in the presence of1 but yet altogether unknown to1 the spectators4 ,the following plan will generally be found to succeed3--,slip the little finger1 as in making the pass1 under the card that it is desired to look at1 bend the top half of the pack upwards and the bottom half downwards1 so that in a modified degree they make two packs1 bent in a concave form1 thus3--,illustration4 ,the cards may then readily and openly be cut at the desired point1 and a careless wave of the hand holding the pack will enable the performer to get the necessary sight of the desired card4 ,houdin's instruction on this point is apparently simpler1 but we think more difficult to attain by an inexperienced performer4 ,after instructing as to the position of the little finger1 he says that the pack should be opened at that point with extreme rapidity1 and the card ascertained by a swift glance4 ,this method undoubtedly is better1 if it can be safely performed without detection2 but the rapidity of motion and the swiftness of the glance will be difficulties not easily overcome by an amateur magician4 ,,the ,,false ,,shuffle4 ,this is a movement intended to neutralise suspicions that may be held by spectators to the effect that the cards are retained in a pre-arranged order4 ,there are several kinds of false shuffles1 but the performer must use his discretion as to which he adopts4 ,generally speaking1 however1 it is only one1 or at most a few cards that it is desired not to lose sight of1 and then the neatest so-called false shuffle will be that which permits the pack1 as a whole1 to be genuinely shuffled1 while the card or cards to be kept in view are retained in one position in the pack1 secured either at the top or bottom of the pack1 or the place where they may be found may be designated by means of the little finger1 as in making the pass4 ,clumsy performers who find a difficulty in mastering the above preliminaries of card-conjuring sometimes make use of what is called the ,long ,card4 ,,the ,,long ,,card4 ,this is a card either a trifle longer or wider1 or both longer and wider1 than the remainder of the pack2 the difference being such that1 although readily distinguishable by the touch of the performer1 it is not perceptible to the eye of the spectator4 ,to make the long card1 have the whole pack1 excepting one card1 slightly shaved down at a book-binder's2 this can be done in a second by placing the cards in a book-binder's cutting machine4 ,the use of the long card should1 however1 be as much as possible avoided3 it encourages the use of mechanical appliances1 when a little diligence will overcome all difficulties by sleight-of-hand4 ,remember1 as the penny showman announces at country fairs1 that ,the true ,hart of ,conjuring is to make the ,and of the performer deceive the ,heye of the spectator4 ,,to ,,guess ,a ,,card ,,thought ,,of4 ,this trick can only be successfully performed by introducing it apparently in a casual manner between tricks of an altogether different nature4 ,spread out the cards in such a manner that when they are held with their faces towards the audience one card only is entirely exposed to view4 ,shuffle them about freely1 with the faces of the cards turned continually towards the audience1 and request a person in the company to take a mental note of one of the cards4 ,the probability is that the majority of those present would fix upon just that card that has been throughout completely exposed to view4 ,suppose1 for example1 it is the jack of hearts4 ,when one of the audience has expressed himself as having mentally selected a card1 shuffle the pack1 carefully keeping in view the jack of hearts by using the false shuffle already described4 ,flourish the cards well about1 and finally pick out the jack of hearts1 apparently as a card taken at random4 ,refrain from looking at its face in the presence at any rate of the audience1 and place it back uppermost on the table4 ,again select a card to be noted by the audience1 and proceed as before1 until three or four cards have been placed upon the table4 ,then request the company present who have selected cards to name them1 and as they do so pick up the respective cards named from the table4 ,in nine cases out of ten1 with an audience with whom this trick is not familiar1 all will proceed smoothly2 and a performer may generally rest satisfied that if the trick should be known to two or three in an ordinary drawing-room audience1 they will keep silence1 to ensure a due share of credit to the performer and amusement to the rest of the spectators4 ,in the event1 however1 of a card other than the one desired having been selected1 at once1 but politely1 insinuate that the memory of the spectator may perhaps be deficient1 take up the wrong card1 and1 while continuing with some appropriate talk or patter1 shuffle the cards as if at random1 keeping the wrong card conspicuously in view of the audience until sight is obtained of the correct card2 palm it at once1 or keep it in view until it can be brought out apparently at random1 and changed for the wrong card in such a way that the change shall not be seen4 ,then1 still insisting upon the defective memory of the spectator1 say that for his satisfaction the necessary change has been made4 ,if this part of the trick be cleverly done1 it is generally as effective as when all goes smoothly1 it being evidently easier to select by chance a proper card than to change the spots or designation of one card into the spots or designation of another2 besides which1 it often is the cause of raising a laugh in the performer's favour1 which will be of material assistance in the event of any subsequent trick not going off altogether satisfactorily4 ,this trick is usually done with a portion of a pack picked up at random1 necessitating the spectator fixing on a card seen rather than on any card in an ordinary pack4 ,,to ,,show ,,the ,,five ,,cards ,,five ,,different ,,persons ,,have ,,selected4 ,this is a clever variety of the above trick1 or rather1 the above is a variety of this4 ,on the top of the pack the performer should put any card the designation of which he knows--suppose1 again1 the jack of hearts2 make the pass1 bring that card to the middle of the pack1 and force it upon some person to whom the pack is offered from which to draw a card4 ,take the card back1 without1 of course1 looking at it1 and again repeat the process until the same card has been forced upon five or more different persons4 ,the persons asked to draw the cards in this trick should be placed at some distance from each other1 and each should be requested not to make known to any one the card drawn4 ,this is necessary to prevent the audience from suspecting that a particular card is being forced1 but the reason given may be attributed to sharp hearing on the part of the performer1 or some other equally plausible tale may be invented4 ,shuffle the whole pack1 without1 however1 losing sight of the forced card1 and deliberately select four cards in addition to the forced card1 or sufficient cards to agree with the number of persons upon whom the card has been forced4 ,place the cards selected face downwards on a table1 and when all are placed pick them up1 hold them fan-wise towards the audience1 and ask each person alternately whether the card he selected is not held out4 ,of course all will answer ,yes4 ,to prevent conversation on the subject of this trick1 proceed at once to some other1 prefacing it with some such observation as1 ,by a careful attention to the movements of my hands1 the audience will probably detect the secret of the clever little trick ,i am about to exhibit4 ,then show off some very familiar trick in as roundabout a way as possible1 until the jack of hearts is probably forgotten4 ,,to ,,tell ,,the ,,card ,,thought ,,of ,,out ,,of ,,thirty-,,five ,,exposed ,,cards4 ,deal out thirty-five cards1 faces uppermost1 in seven packs of five cards in each pack2 and when all are placed1 desire some person to select and mentally note any one of the cards dealt out1 and to state in which pack it is situated4 ,we will suppose the card selected is stated to be in the third pack of seven cards4 ,pick the cards up in order1 row by row1 and proceed to deal them out again in the same order as that in which they were picked up1 but placing them this time in five packs of seven cards in each pack1 placing one card alternately on each pack1 and then again ask in which pack the selected card is to be found4 ,the card selected should be the third card in the pack designated--that is to say1 in the second dealing the card should be in the pack at the number corresponding with the number of the pack in which it was placed after the first deal4 ,to confuse the spectators1 the packs1 after the first dealing1 may be picked up out of the proper order1 so long as the performer bears in mind in what order the pack containing the selected card is picked up4 ,this trick can hardly claim to rank as a conjuring trick2 it is nothing but a combination of cards1 but it may fairly be shown in an amateur entertainment of parlour magic4 ,as one merit of such combinations is their variety1 we proceed with others of a similar nature1 again enforcing the hint that no trick or combination should be shown twice in succession4 ,if the above should be called for a second time1 show instead one of the following4 ,,to ,,tell ,,the ,,card ,,thought ,,of ,,when ,,the ,,number ,,of ,,cards ,,is ,,not ,,fixed1 ,,but ,,when ,,it ,,is ,,some ,,number ,,divisible ,,by ,,three4 ,when a card has been mentally noted by one of the audience1 proceed to deal out the cards in three heaps1 with the faces of the cards turned uppermost1 and so that the first card shall be first in the first heap1 the second card first in the second heap1 the third card first in the third heap1 and so on4 ,when the heaps are completed1 ask to be informed in which heap the selected card will be found1 and place that heap in the middle1 and again deal out the cards as before4 ,again ascertain in which heap the card noted will be found1 and once more let that heap be placed second among the heaps4 ,once again form the three heaps1 and once again ask for the same information1 making the same arrangement of the heaps4 ,the card selected should then be the last card of the first half of the pack1 if the whole number of the pack be even--that is to say1 the twelfth in a pack of twenty-four1 or the eighteenth in a pack of thirty-six4 ,the arrangement is somewhat simpler when the number of cards is odd1 as3 fifteen1 twenty-one1 c41 for then the card selected should be the middle one of the heap in which it is found after the third time of dealing the cards4 ,,to ,,tell ,,the ,,card ,,thought ,,of ,,by ,,arranging ,,the ,,cards ,,in ,a ,,circle4 ,arrange the first ten cards of any suit in the manner shown in the annexed diagram4 ,request some one present to think of one of the exposed cards and to touch some other card2 desire also that the number of the card touched may be added to the number of cards exposed1 namely1 ten2 and then ask him to count that sum backwards1 beginning at the card touched1 and reckoning that card as the number thought of4 ,for example1 suppose the three was the card thought of and the six was the card touched3 six added to ten makes sixteen2 and if commencing with three at the sixth card1 and counting up to sixteen on the cards backwards--that is1 three on the six1 four on the five1 five on the four1 six on the three1 seven on the two1 and so on up to sixteen--it will be found that the counting will end on the three1 the card thought of4 ,illustration3 ,cards in ,circle ,trick4 ,,to ,,name ,a ,,card ,,noted4 ,take a number of cards out of a full pack1 say from ten to twenty1 carefully counting and remembering the number1 and holding them up with their faces to the audience1 and so that the backs only can be seen by the performer4 ,open the cards out1 commencing from that card which was uppermost when they were turned faces downwards1 and request some person present to note the designation of any one of the cards shown1 together with its order from the top of the pack1 whether it is first1 second1 third1 fourth1 or what order1 and to name the order4 ,immediately then place the cards face downwards on the table1 and place upon them the remainder of the pack of cards1 knocking the sides and ends well together1 or indeed1 if it is desired1 letting the cards be knocked together by any of the audience4 ,to find the card noted1 subtract from fifty-two 7the number of cards in a full pack7 the number of cards held out at the commencement of the trick1 and to the result add the order number of the card noted2 the result will give the position in the whole pack at which the card will be found4 ,for example1 hold out twenty cards1 and suppose that the seventh card from the top was the card noted2 the position of that card in the whole pack will be found by subtracting twenty from fifty-two1 and adding seven to the result1 which will indicate that the card noted will be the thirty-ninth card in the whole pack4 ,to pick out the card and show it is1 of course1 then an easy matter4 ,,to ,,guess ,,the ,,respective ,,cards ,,thought ,,of ,,by ,,different ,,persons4 ,show to each person cards equal in number to the number of persons the performer intends to request to think of a card1 and from the cards shown to each person request that one may be mentally noted4 ,for example3 if three persons are to make selections1 to each show three cards4 ,when the first has made his selection1 place on one side the cards from which his choice was made1 and proceed in the same manner with the second and third4 ,then deal out the first three cards1 placing them with their faces uppermost1 on them deal the second three cards1 and on these again the third three cards4 ,request each person to name the heap in which the card he selected is to be found1 and the result will be that the card chosen by the first will be at the bottom1 by the second in the middle1 and by the third at the top of the respective heaps in which the cards are to be found4 ,the more persons selecting cards the better and more complicated does the trick appear4 ,,to ,,discover ,a ,,card ,,by ,,the ,,touch ,,or ,,smell4 ,this is not a first-rate trick1 as it is done either with prepared cards or with the aid of a confederate2 as1 however1 it is a universal favourite1 we give it a place here4 ,first ,method1 with ,prepared ,cards4--,offer the long card 7previously described7 or any other card of which the designation is known1 and as the person who has drawn it holds it in his hand1 pretend to feel the pips with the forefinger1 or1 if blindfolded1 smell it1 and declare its designation4 ,second ,method1 with the ,aid of a ,confederate4--,offer1 when blindfolded1 to select from a pack of cards all the court or some other combination of cards4 ,before commencing1 however1 arrange some signal with a confederate that shall be intelligible to the performer1 but that shall remain unnoticed by the audience4 ,accompany the performance of the trick with plenty of patter1 the better to keep attention away from the confederate2 expatiate upon the delicacy of the sense of touch or upon the strength of the sense of smell1 directing full attention to the thoroughness of the blindfolding1 and one by one hold up the cards to the audience1 declaring in accordance with the signal given whether the cards held up are of the designation to be named1 or the reverse4 ,the signal agreed upon may be by touch or sound1 according to the circumstances of the case4 ,,to ,,tell ,,all ,,the ,,cards ,,without ,,seeing ,,them4 ,this is generally one of the most successful of this series of tricks1 inasmuch as the whole pack of cards is brought into use1 and in the hands of an operator of ordinary intelligence and care it need never fail4 ,the secret of the whole trick is a pre-arranged order1 and if this be not carefully done the trick1 of course1 fails4 ,the following is the order in which the cards may be arranged3 #f1 #d1 #a1 #g1 #e1 king1 #h1 #aj1 #c1 knave1 #i1 #b1 queen2 but it is1 of course1 open to the performer to vary the order1 and provided he maintains a uniform order throughout1 and remembers the order1 one arrangement is as good as another4 ,in order to keep the above order in mind1 the following sentence has been prepared to serve as an artificial aid to memory3-- ,the sixty-fourth regiment beats the seventy-fifth2 #f #d #a #g #e up starts the king with eight thousand and king #h #aj three men and ninety-two women4 #c knave #i #b queen4 ,in the above sentence it will be seen that certain words which suggest numbers or particular cards are made to be reminders of those cards4 ,as this trick only undertakes to designate the value and not the suit of the cards1 it is not necessary in picking up the cards that the whole of one suit should be lifted before commencing another1 and the numbers only need be according to the series adopted4 ,the cards1 being duly arranged1 should be handed round to be cut1 with the understanding that they may be cut whist-fashion only1 and not shuffled3 that is1 a portion of the cards may be removed from the top to the bottom of the pack again and again by as many of the audience as may desire to make the cut4 ,by means of a judicious sleight1 all that is necessary for the performer to do is to sight the bottom card1 or if he is clever at palming1 the top card will give the necessary key to the whole4 ,the cards may then be dealt out in the ordinary way from the top card1 each card as it is dealt being named and then turned over4 ,for example3 if the cutting has resulted in leaving a knave at the bottom of the pack1 that will give a three at the top1 and taking the key from either of these two cards1 the order will be as follows3 #c1 #aj1 #h1 king1 #e1 #g1 #a1 #d1 #f1 queen1 #b1 #i1 knave1 and so on throughout4 ,when the sequence is thoroughly mastered a corresponding sequence of suits may be arranged1 so that the full designation of the card may be given4 ,,the ,,nerve ,,trick4 ,this is another of the same class of tricks that enables the performer to name a card selected by some other person4 ,any one may select a card4 ,after it has been examined and returned to the pack1 make the pass1 and bring the card to the bottom4 ,then cut the cards in two packs of about equal size1 and to the person who selected the card give that half of the pack which contains the card selected at the bottom1 requesting him to hold it tightly at the corner between his forefinger and thumb4 ,impress upon him the necessity of holding the cards tightly1 as the success of the trick depends entirely upon him1 and all the performer offers to do is to knock all the cards on the floor except the one that was chosen4 ,when the cards are properly held1 the performer has to strike them sharply1 upon which all except the bottom card should fall to the ground1 and that1 of course1 is the selected card4 ,the trick of striking the cards in the right place can only be learnt by practice4 ,,to ,,make ,,some ,,other ,,person ,,draw ,,the ,,cards ,,the ,,performer ,,calls ,,for4 ,we have given several tricks in which the performer finds out the card or cards selected by the audience1 but in this trick we explain how the performer makes one of the audience select the cards he calls for4 ,after shuffling the cards1 let the performer spread them out with their faces downwards1 without entirely separating them2 before1 however1 letting them leave his hand1 sight and note the designation of the bottom or some other card--say1 for example1 the ace of spades4 ,then call up any one of the audience1 or request that some one of those present will kindly step forward and assist in the development of the trick2 say that neither he nor you have seen the faces of the cards on the table1 but1 nevertheless1 you will get him to select from the pack just those cards called for1 and ask him to be good enough to hand you up some cards one by one1 without looking at their faces1 as you call for them4 ,the card the position and designation of which you know should be first asked for1 when probably--indeed1 almost certainly--some other card will be handed in4 ,suppose the card handed in is the two of diamonds1 then call for the two of diamonds1 and receive1 say1 the queen of clubs2 for the third card call for the queen of clubs1 and perhaps the jack of diamonds will be picked out4 ,say now that you will select a fourth card1 which shall be the jack of diamonds1 and leisurely examine the cards on the table1 finally taking up the ace of spades1 the position of which you have borne in mind4 ,the four cards in the performer's hand will then be the four cards that have been named4 ,if1 however1 the known card should be picked up1 expose at once what you have1 and bring the trick to a conclusion4 ,,to ,,call ,,for ,,any ,,card4 ,having seen a card1 make the pass1 and bring the seen card to the bottom of the pack2 place the cards behind the back1 and call for the card that is known1 at the same time turning the top card face outwards4 ,bring the cards forward1 showing the bottom card only to the audience1 and again place the cards behind2 call for the top card1 bringing it now to the bottom1 and turning over the card which will be left at the top2 and so on proceed until the audience is satisfied that you are able to discern the cards by the touch4 ,another ,method of performing this trick is done by the performer standing in the middle of a room in which there is a mirror1 and while holding the cards high above his head reading them off from the reflection in the mirror2 this form of the trick1 however1 can only be expected to deceive very simple or young persons4 ,,to ,,discover ,,what ,,cards ,,have ,,been ,,turned4 ,place the court cards and a certain number of diamonds 7but not the ace or seven7 in a row on the table1 and undertake to go out of the room1 and name upon return which1 if any1 of the cards have been reversed in position by being turned during your absence4 ,except the court cards1 the spades1 clubs1 and hearts are useless for this trick1 inasmuch as the form of the designation printed on the card is irregular4 ,a very careful examination of any pack of cards will show that they are not evenly printed--that is1 that the pips of the common cards or the lines of the court cards are nearer to the outside edge of the card on the one side than on the other4 ,the cards on which the difference is not distinguishable reject1 placing the others with the broad margin to the right and the narrow margin to the left hand4 ,explain that the position of any one card or cards may be reversed by turning the top to the bottom1 and vice vers1 and that upon your return to the room you will denote the card or cards4 ,this1 of course1 with the above explanation as to how the cards are printed1 will be an easy matter4 ,,to ,,send ,a ,,card ,,through ,a ,,solid ,,table4 ,request some one of the company to draw a card1 examine it1 and return it to the pack4 ,make the pass1 and bring the chosen card to the top of the pack2 make a few false shuffles1 always leaving the chosen card at the top of the pack4 ,place the whole of the pack1 face downwards1 on the table1 and near to the edge at which the performer is sitting1 the performer being careful to be alone on one side of the table1 with the audience facing him4 ,slightly moisten the back of the right hand and sharply strike the cards therewith2 the top card will then adhere to the hand4 ,bring both hands at once smartly under the table1 in such a way as to prevent the card being seen4 ,take the chosen card with the left hand1 and bring it up from underneath the table4 ,show the card1 which will be recognised as the one chosen at the commencement of the trick4 ,,to ,,tell ,,the ,,pairs4 ,deal out twenty cards1 and request ten persons each to take two cards during your absence1 to return them to the table in pairs1 and to remember their designation4 ,upon your return collect the pairs1 and distribute the cards according to the numbers in the following table3-- ,m ,u ,t ,u ,s #a #b #c #b #d ,d ,e ,d ,i ,t #e #f #e #g #c ,n ,o ,m ,e ,n #h #i #a #f #h ,c ,o ,c ,i ,s #aj #i #aj #g #d ,upon now being told in which row or rows the cards selected by any individual are placed1 you will be able to point out the pair selected by that individual4 ,the key to the trick is in the four following ,latin words1 ,mutus dedit nomen cocis4 ,in these words it will be seen that there are ten different letters1 each of which is repeated4 ,the figures under the letters denote the pairs as they are placed4 ,if it is stated that a pair selected is in the first and third rows1 it will be evident that the cards are those placed under the letters ,m which appear in those lines4 ,if both the cards are stated to be in the fourth row1 it is evident that they must be the tenth pair1 or those placed under the letter ,c4 ,the performer will1 of course1 understand that the key must be remembered1 and the necessary arrangement of the pairs of cards be made from memory4 ,,the ,,four ,,kings4 ,take the four kings and two knaves out of a pack of cards1 and spread the kings only before the audience1 in order that it may be seen that they are the kings1 at the same time hiding the two knaves between the third and fourth king2 then place the six cards at the bottom of the whole pack1 face downwards1 on the table4 ,lift up the pack and remove the bottom card1 which will be the fourth king2 let it be seen that it is a king1 and place it on the top of the pack4 ,take the next two cards1 which will be the knaves1 carefully keeping them from being seen1 and one by one place them in different positions in the pack4 ,this arrangement will leave one king at the top of the pack and three kings at the bottom1 but as the kings only have been shown1 it will appear as though there was one king at the top1 one at the bottom1 and the other two in different positions in the pack4 ,let any one present cut the cards1 and the performer1 while placing the bottom cut on the top1 may say that he is now1 without apparently altering the relative position of any of the cards1 going to bring the four kings together into the middle of the pack4 ,make a few conjuring passes and utter some conjuring mumblings over the pack1 hand it to any person in the audience1 and announce the trick as completed4 ,the four kings will be found together as promised4 ,,the ,,turnover4 ,the turnover is a pretty sleight1 and forms an appropriate termination to some of the before described tricks1 in which the card selected by one of the audience is found and exposed by the performer4 ,when the card selected has been ascertained let it be brought to the top of the pack1 and held there with its edge somewhat pushed over the remaining cards1 which are to be held with their edges perfectly even4 ,if when so placed the whole pack is suddenly dropped out of the hand1 the cards1 all excepting the top card1 will fall on their faces1 while the projection of the top card1 finding resistance in the air as it falls should1 during its descent1 turn over and fall face upwards4 ,,to ,,tell ,,the ,,total ,,number ,,of ,,pips ,,shown ,,at ,,the ,,bottom ,,of ,,packs ,,made ,,up ,,in ,a ,,certain ,,manner4 ,take the whole pack of fifty-two cards1 and let them be well shuffled by as many persons as care to do so4 ,explain that if during your absence any one present will deal out the cards1 faces downwards1 into packs made up according to instructions1 you will upon your return tell the aggregate number of pips shown on the bottom cards of the packs1 the court cards being considered as equal to ten pips and the ace as equal to one pip4 ,the dealing has to be done in this way3 ,take the top card1 and count it as the number shown upon its face2 place upon it then sufficient cards to make that number up to twelve2 then take the next card1 and proceed in the same way1 and so on until all are dealt out1 or until the remaining cards are insufficient in number to make up twelve4 ,the remaining cards must be handed to the performer4 ,to ascertain the number of pips on the bottom cards1 the performer counts the number of packs on the table1 from that number deducts four1 multiplies the remaining number of packs by thirteen1 and adds to the result the number of cards remaining which were insufficient to make up twelve2 the number so obtained will be found to be equal to the aggregate of the pips on the bottom cards of the packs4 ,this counting will1 of course1 be done with many apparently intricate calculations1 founded upon the pips of the cards in the performer's hand combined with the packs on the table4 ,below is an illustration of the trick1 which will perhaps make the above more intelligible4 ,suppose 7#a7 a seven card is first turned out3 it will be placed on the table1 with five cards on the top of it to make up twelve2 7#b7 a court card next1 counting ten1 has two cards placed upon it2 7#c7 a two has ten cards placed over it2 7#d7 a nine requires three more cards1 or1 in all1 four to form the pack2 7#e7 a five requires seven more cards2 7#f7 a three requires nine additional cards2 7#g7 an eight card requires four2 7#h7 a court card and two cards1 leaving two cards remaining4 ,the table annexed will show the pips on the bottom cards of the respective packs1 with the number of cards in each pack3-- ,bottom ,card ,number of ,cards ,counts in ,pack4 #ast pack #g #f #bnd 7,court ,card7 #aj #c #crd #b #aa #dth #i #d #eth #e #h #fth #c #aj #gth #h #e #hth #aj #c ---- ---- #ed #ej ,this arrangement shows eight packs1 with two cards over2 following the rule given1 deduct four packs from the number of packs1 multiply the remainder by thirteen1 add two 7the cards remaining71 and the result will be #ed1 the aggregate number of pips on the bottom cards2 thus3 #h-ddacebbed4 ,,to ,,ascertain ,,the ,,number ,,of ,,pips ,,on ,,unseen ,,cards4 ,in these tricks aces count as eleven instead of as one1 court cards count as ten4 ,the piquet pack of thirty-two cards only must be used for the first method1 the ordinary pack of fifty-two for the second method4 ,first ,method1 with three cards out of the piquet pack of thirty-two cards4 ,let any person select three cards1 and place them separately1 faces downwards1 on the table4 ,on each of these must be placed as many cards as will1 with the number of pips on the card1 make fifteen4 ,the remaining cards are to be handed to the performer1 who goes through any farce he chooses to make the audience believe that his calculations depend upon the pips of the cards handed to him4 ,the actual result is obtained by adding sixteen to the number of the remaining cards4 ,for instance1 suppose the cards selected are a king1 a ten1 and an eight2 on the king 7which counts ten7 will be placed five cards1 on the ten will be placed five cards1 and on the eight will be placed seven cards1 making in all twenty cards used and twelve remaining4 ,the total number of the pips will be twenty-eight1 made up of the king1 which equals ten1 the ten1 and the eight1 i4e41 #aj #aj #h #bh4 ,the twelve cards which remain1 added to sixteen1 also make twenty-eight4 ,second ,method1 with two cards out of the ordinary fifty-two card pack4 ,the two cards must be placed as the three described in the first method1 and each have placed upon it sufficient cards1 with the number of pips on the card1 to make up twenty-five4 ,the number of cards remaining will be the number of pips on the two bottom cards4 ,for instance3 take it that the nine card and the seven card are selected2 on the nine card sixteen other cards will have to be placed1 and on the seven card eighteen other cards1 making thirty-six cards in all1 leaving sixteen cards over2 thus #eb-cf #af1 or #i #g #af4 ,,like ,,with ,,like4 ,select from a full pack all the picture cards and aces and one ordinary card2 place the ordinary card in the centre of a table1 and proceed with the following descriptive and illustrated anecdote3--,one dark night four farmers came to a tavern1 represented by the card on the table1 and asked for a night's lodging4 ,the landlord1 having four unoccupied rooms1 showed one farmer into each of the rooms4 7,at this point place round the card representing the tavern the four knaves74 ,proceed3 ,not long after1 four policemen knocked at the door1 and also requested lodging for the night2 but as the rooms were all occupied1 each policeman had to share a room with one of the farmers4 7,here place an ace over each of the four knaves47 ,presently four gentlemen came with a similar request1 and for the same reason a gentleman was put into each of the already occupied apartments4 7,here place a king upon each ace47 ,to add to the crowding and inconvenience consequent upon these arrangements1 four ladies next called and required accommodation1 and the landlord1 at his wits' end1 placed a lady in each of the already over-tenanted rooms4 7,place a queen above each king47 ,the ladies were naturally indignant1 and suggested that it might at least be arranged that they should be placed together in one room1 similar requests being at the same time made by the kings1 the policemen1 and the farmers4 ,the landlord consented1 and all were soon lodged like with like4 ,while finishing the story1 place the four descriptions of cards in heaps1 and one heap upon the top of the other1 and let them be cut as often as is desired4 ,if the cards are now told off in order from the bottom of the pack1 and placed around the tavern1 the knaves will be found in one circle1 the aces in another1 the kings in a third1 and the queens in a fourth4 ,,to ,,make ,a ,,card ,,come ,,of ,,its ,,own ,,accord ,,out ,,of ,a ,,pack4 ,let a card be drawn1 ascertain its designation by means of one of the sleights already described1 or when it is replaced in the pack keep its position in view4 ,being previously supplied with a tiny piece of wax attached to a long hair1 press the wax on the card in question1 retaining the hair attached to the thumb or wrist-link4 ,place the cards on the table1 and by means of the hair pull away from the others the card that was drawn4 ,the hair will be imperceptible to the audience if placed facing the performer4 ,while pulling the card away1 say that the card chosen will now walk out of the pack4 ,when it is separated from the pack the performer should quickly take it1 remove the wax1 and expose it to view4 ,,to ,,draw ,a ,,particular ,,card ,,from ,a ,,coat ,,pocket4 ,for this trick a long card will be required4 ,force that card upon some person1 hand him the pack1 and request him to be good enough to place the drawn card in any position in the pack he chooses1 and to place the pack in his own coat pocket1 promising that the card drawn shall be picked out of the pack while in his pocket4 ,the sense of touch will render the trick perfectly simple1 and easy to perform as promised4 ,the same trick may be varied by placing the cards under a hat1 in a basket1 bag1 or in any other convenient receptacle4 ,,to ,,deal ,,out ,,the ,,alternate ,,cards ,,in ,a ,,pack ,,so ,,that ,,the ,,cards ,,dealt ,,out ,,shall ,,fall ,,in ,,rotation ,,and ,,in ,,suits4 ,the very greatest care is necessary in arranging the cards for this trick1 as in the event of one card being misplaced1 the whole trick will be spoiled4 ,to arrange the pack sort the suits of spades1 clubs1 and diamonds in numerical sequence1 and the suit of hearts in the order of seven1 ace1 queen1 two1 eight1 three1 jack1 four1 nine1 five1 king1 six1 ten2 place the hearts face uppermost so that the seven is at the bottom and the ten at the top4 ,the other suits are also to be placed face uppermost1 with the aces at the bottom4 ,sort in together the suits of clubs and hearts by placing the seven of hearts under the ace of clubs1 the ace of hearts between the ace and two of clubs1 and so on4 ,place the suit of spades on the top of the suit of diamonds1 so that the ace of spades is immediately atop of the king of diamonds4 ,work in together the two half-packs so formed by placing the seven of hearts under the ace of diamonds1 and then take one card alternately from the bottom of each pack1 so that when completely arranged the top faced card will be the king of spades1 and the second card the king of clubs4 ,the cards are then ready to be brought forward for the trick to be performed4 ,turn the pack face downwards1 remove the top card and place it at the bottom1 turn up the next card1 place the third at the bottom1 turn up the fourth card1 and so on1 alternately removing a card to the bottom of the pack and turning up a card4 ,the cards turned up1 commencing with the ace of diamonds1 will fall in rotation and in suits4 ,,to ,,catch ,a ,,selected ,,card ,,from ,a ,,pack ,,thrown ,,in ,,the ,,air4 ,let a card be drawn by a spectator1 replaced by him in the pack1 and by means of the pass or a false shuffle brought to the top by the performer4 ,palm the card1 again hand the pack to one of the spectators and request him to throw the whole pack loosely towards you1 and undertake1 while the cards are in the air1 to pick out the drawn card4 ,when the cards are thrown thrust the hand smartly into the middle of the pack1 deftly bringing forward the palmed card at the same time4 ,this is one of the best of the simple sleights-of-hand1 and a little practice will enable any one to make the illusion very pleasing4 ,,the ,,four ,,recruits4 ,the following simple deception or puzzle is always received with great amusement3--,place the four knaves out of an ordinary pack of cards in a row1 state that they represent four recruits1 two of whom were passed1 and two refused upon the medical examination owing to a physical disability2 ask the company to designate which were passed and which refused1 and why4 ,nine people out of ten will fail to detect any difference1 but upon examination of most packs of ordinary cards it will be found that two of the jacks are printed with two eyes in each head1 whereas the others are printed with one eye only4 ,it may also be noticed that the kings are usually printed three with two eyes in each head1 and one with one eye only1 while the queens are all given two eyes each4 ,these peculiarities are not so likely to be found in the modern fanciful cards which are now becoming generally used4 ,,the ,,four ,,confederates4 ,let some one draw any four cards from the pack1 and tell him to notice and remember the particulars of one of them4 ,when the four cards are returned1 dexterously place two of them at the bottom and two at the top of the pack4 ,under those at the bottom place any other four cards1 and then1 taking eight or ten cards from the bottom1 spread them out on the table1 and ask if the card fixed upon is among them4 ,if it is not it will then be apparent that the remembered card is one of the two at the top of the pack4 ,make the pass so as to get those two cards to the bottom of the pack1 drawing off the lowest of them2 again ask if that is not the card4 ,if the answer is again ,no1 bid the right card to be drawn from the bottom of the pack4 ,if1 however1 the card should be among those first shown1 the four cards placed under the two of the four that were held out at the commencement of the trick must be dexterously removed by making the pass to the top of the pack1 leaving the other two to be dealt with as above described4 ,,the ,,transmutable ,,cards4 ,for this trick two cards of the same sort1 say1 for example1 the king of spades1 are required in the pack4 ,one of these is to be placed next to the bottom card1 which we will call1 but which may be any card1 the seven of hearts4 ,the other is to be placed at the top of the pack2 then shuffle the cards by a false shuffle without disturbing these three cards1 and show some one of the audience that the bottom card is the seven of hearts4 ,then privately and secretly drawing this card aside1 take the king of spades from the bottom1 which will be supposed to be the seven of hearts1 and place it1 face downwards1 on the table1 requesting the person to whom the seven of hearts was shown to cover it with his hand4 ,again shuffle the cards without displacing the first and last cards1 pass the other king of spades from the top to the bottom of the pack1 and show it to some other person4 ,draw it privately and secretly away1 bring the seven of hearts to the bottom of the pack1 then place it upon the table and request the second person who believes it to be the king of spades to cover it with his hand4 ,take up the magic wand1 wave it1 and command the seven of hearts1 supposed to be under the hand of the first person1 to change into the king of spades2 and command the king of spades1 which is supposed to be under the hand of the second person1 to change into the seven of hearts4 ,afterwards request both persons to remove their hands and to take up and show the cards they have been covering1 when1 to the astonishment of all1 it will be seen that the performer's commands have been strictly obeyed4 ,,the ,,two ,,convertible ,,aces4 ,on the ace of spades fix1 by the use of soap or some similar substance1 a heart coloured red1 and on the ace of hearts a spade coloured black1 in such a manner that they will easily slip off4 ,show these two aces round2 then1 taking the apparent ace of spades1 desire some person to put his foot or his hand upon it1 and during the act of placing on the ground1 or on the table1 as the case may be1 draw away the spade4 ,in like manner place the seeming ace of hearts under the foot or hand of some other person4 ,then1 as in the preceding trick1 command the two aces to change places4 ,a variety of this trick is sometimes practised with one card only1 say the ace of spades1 over which a heart is slightly pasted4 ,after showing the card to some person1 let him hold one end of it1 face downwards1 and while he is being amused with the patter of the performer who holds the other end of the card1 the heart is slipped off4 ,then1 placing the card on the table1 request that it may be covered with the hand2 knock under the table and command the heart to turn into a spade4 ,,to ,,tell ,,the ,,number ,,of ,,cards ,,by ,,their ,,weight4 ,take up a parcel of cards1 say forty1 among which insert two long cards2 let the first long card be1 for example1 the fifteenth1 and the other the twenty-sixth from the top4 ,seem to shuffle the cards1 and then1 cutting them at the first long card1 poise those cut off in the left hand1 and say1 ,there should be fifteen cards here4 ,cut them again at the second long card1 and say1 ,there are here only eleven cards4 ,then holding up the remainder1 say1 ,here are fourteen cards4 ,let the different heaps be then counted1 to satisfy the audience as to the accuracy of the performer's judgment4 ,,to ,,discover ,a ,,card ,,drawn ,,by ,,the ,,throw ,,of ,a ,,die4 ,prepare a pack of thirty-six cards1 in which six different cards are contained six times4 ,dispose these cards in such a manner that each of the six different cards shall follow each other1 and let the last of each suit be a long card4 ,the cards being thus disposed1 it follows that if they are divided into six parcels by cutting at each of the long cards1 these parcels will all consist of similar cards4 ,let some person draw a card from the pack1 and let him replace it in the parcel from whence it was drawn1 by dexterously offering that pack4 ,should he succeed in placing it elsewhere1 bring it1 by making the pass1 into its proper position4 ,cut the cards several times1 so that a long card may be always at the bottom4 ,divide the cards in this manner into six heaps1 and giving a die to the person who drew the card1 tell him that the number he throws shall indicate the parcel in which is the card he drew1 which necessarily follows4 ,the performer should place the cards in his pocket immediately after completing the trick1 and be prepared with another pack to show should any one request to be allowed to examine the cards4 ,many other card tricks might be given that are of a more complicated nature than the above1 but those selected are thoroughly simple and easy1 and of sufficient variety to enable an amateur performer to pass from one to another without ever being reduced to the necessity of repetition4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,conjuring ,,with ,,and ,,without ,,special ,,apparatus4 ,,the ,,transposable ,,money4 ,this is a trick fit only for lads with plenty of pocket-money1 but it is both simple and neat4 ,take two halfpennies and two shillings1 and grind part of each coin on one side only1 so that they may be but of half the usual thickness1 then rivet together a shilling and a halfpenny1 and file round the edges of the halfpenny to make it the same size as the shilling4 ,place one of these double pieces1 with the shilling upwards1 on the palm of the hand1 at the bottom of the three first fingers2 place the other piece1 with the halfpenny uppermost1 in like manner1 on the other hand4 ,let the spectators notice in which hand is the halfpenny1 and in which the shilling4 ,then shut both hands1 when the pieces will naturally turn over2 open the hands again1 and the coins will apparently have become transposed4 ,,the ,,penetrative ,,coin4 ,provide a small box that will shut with a spring1 but that can only be opened with a key1 and place this box open in a pocket or some equally convenient receptacle4 ,ask some person present to mark a coin1 so that it may be known again1 say a shilling1 and lend it for the purpose of the trick4 ,take this piece in one hand1 and being provided with another coin of the same appearance to place in the other hand1 slip the marked coin dexterously into the small box and close it1 change the remaining coin from one hand to the other1 keeping it in view of the company1 in order that it may be supposed to be the marked coin4 ,place the box containing the marked coin upon the table1 convey away the coin left in the hand1 and pretend to make it pass into the box4 ,present the box to the person who lent the coin1 and inform him that the marked coin is therein4 ,let the key be then given him1 and when the box is unlocked1 bid him thoroughly examine the coin1 and satisfy himself and the audience that it is the genuine marked coin handed up by him4 ,at the best shops at which conjuring apparatus is supplied1 boxes fitting one into the other are provided for this trick1 all of which may be quickly closed at one movement1 but which require considerable manipulation to open one by one4 ,,the ,,phantom ,,coin4 ,take a sixpence or other small coin1 the impression of which is new and sharply cut1 and fasten it unnoticed by means of a bit of common wax to the end of the thumb4 ,then1 when speaking to some one of the company1 show him the coin1 ask him to hold out his hand1 in order that the coin may be placed therein4 ,keep his eyes turned from his hand by engaging them in some other direction1 press the coin firmly on the palm of his hand1 and bid him close his fingers over the coin1 holding it tightly4 ,the imprint of the coin on the hand will produce a sensation as if the coin were actually there1 but it being stuck to the thumb of the performer1 will1 of course1 be taken away when the victim closes his hand4 ,let the performer then dexterously palm the coin or make away with it in some other manner1 make some cabalistic flourish of the magic wand1 utter some charm1 and declare the coin to have vanished4 ,the person to whom the coin was supposed to be given will1 upon opening and looking at his hand1 be astonished to find nothing there4 ,,the ,,coin ,,melted ,,and ,,restored4 ,borrow from some one of the audience a half-crown piece1 for preference ask for a new coin1 and let it be marked before it is handed in4 7,n4,b4--,in conjuring tricks with coins and other articles of common every-day use1 it is always advisable to borrow from the spectators1 as the impression is then conveyed that the articles used are not specially prepared47 ,see that there is a good clear space between the table behind which the conjurer stands and talks1 and the audience1 so that without inconveniencing the spectators1 or coming too near to them1 he can readily pass round1 and stand in front of the table when the exigencies of the trick require such a position to be taken up4 ,provide a lighted candle1 and let it be placed upon the table4 ,having received the half-crown1 look intently at it1 rub it smartly on both sides1 place it on the table beside the candlestick1 and rub the hands briskly together--all this by the way of by-play-keeping up in the meantime some suitable discourse on the nature of metals1 the heat required to melt them1 the necessity of developing mesmeric power1 and so on4 ,take up the coin in the right hand1 moving it towards the left1 as though to place it therein1 but instead1 during its passage1 palm it in the right hand1 according to the instructions given for palming a card4#b ,having pretended to place the coin in the left hand1 close that hand accordingly1 as though it really held the coin4 ,work about the fingers of that hand1 as if to further mesmerise the coin1 and at the same time take the candlestick in the right hand2 this action1 while helping the performer the more easily to keep the coin palmed in a natural manner1 will make it appear to the audience that it is impossible for the coin to have been kept in that hand4 ,the next appropriate motion is to hold the left hand1 still closed1 over the flame of the candle1 and to work the fingers as if allowing the slowly-melting coin to ooze out by degrees1 at the same time flicking the wick of the candle1 and if possible damping it slightly1 so as to make it sputter4 ,in the continuation of the talk1 or patter1 at this point1 call attention to the coin as in the process of being passed into the candle1 open the left hand1 and show that the coin is now no longer therein4 ,after a short lapse of time1 and to allow of the molten silver becoming thoroughly absorbed in the wax or tallow of the candle1 put down the candlestick on the table1 and with the fingers of the right hand 7in which1 remember1 the coin remains palmed7 make believe to draw the now thoroughly melted and absorbed coin out of the candle through the wick1 transferring it bit by bit into the palm of the left hand4 ,this action should be rapidly performed1 and it is well if1 during its progress1 the sputtering of the candle can be again arranged4 ,during the execution of this movement1 bring the palmed coin immediately above the hollow of the left hand1 and secretly let it fall therein4 ,take the fingers of the right hand from the wick of the candle1 pretend to drop from them the remainder of the recovered metal into the palm of the left hand1 make believe to manipulate it into its original shape by rubbing it gently with the fingers1 as if still hot and difficult to hold1 toss it from hand to hand in order the more rapidly to cool it1 and finally return it to the spectator from whom it was borrowed4 ,this is one of the easiest to perform of sleight-of-hand tricks with coins1 but as an introduction to a series of such tricks in a performance of parlour magic it will be found to be very effective1 and will1 if shown in a lively manner1 with an accompaniment of appropriate patter1 never fail to elicit for the encouragement of the performer considerable applause and admiration4 ,,the ,,flying ,,coins4 ,again ask from some one of the audience the loan of a half-crown piece1 and at the same time take the opportunity--without1 however1 calling verbal attention to it--to ostentatiously show the left hand1 so that it may be seen that nothing is held therein4 ,the borrowed coin should be taken between the finger and thumb of the right hand1 and while it is being handed up1 the performer should secretly take a similar coin from some concealed part of his clothes1 and palm it in the right hand4 ,the palming will be assisted rather than otherwise by taking the borrowed coin between the thumb and fingers of that hand4 ,that coin is then to be visibly passed1 and distinctly held for a second or two with the tops of the fingers of the left hand2 subsequently1 the right hand is to be brought towards the left1 in order that the borrowed coin may be again visibly taken into the right hand2 and while this is being done the palmed coin being just over the palm of the left hand1 should be secretly let fall therein1 just at the moment when the fingers and thumb of the right hand are taking away the visible coin4 ,as a consequence1 although the borrowed coin will now have been removed from the left hand1 another coin1 unknown to the spectators1 remains there4 7,a little careful practice before a looking-glass will be needed before the dropping of the secreted coin from the palm of the right hand to the palm of the left hand can be neatly and artistically managed47 ,the pretended passage of the coin from one hand to the other becomes now a very simple matter4 ,expatiate upon the great speed at which magic causes the objects with which it deals to travel1 that the closest possible attention will be needed to detect the coin as it passes2 and as the command ,pass is pronounced1 open the left hand1 and expose to the audience the coin hitherto secretly held there2 palm the other coin in the right hand1 bringing that hand down carelessly to the side1 or dexterously place the coin in some place of concealment4 ,the latter can easily and safely be performed1 as for some seconds it will be found that the whole attention of the company will be fixed upon the coin in the left hand1 and a smart natural movement of the right hand will not then be noticed4 ,the trick may be continued1 and its effect considerably heightened1 by now offering not only to pass another half-crown in the same way1 and adding that1 although the pass is too rapid to be made visible1 except to the very quick-sighted1 yet1 there being two coins involved1 it will be quite possible by the chink to make the pass audible4 ,it will be evident that the above instructions1 with the slight adaptation needed of jerking the two coins together at the time when the pretended pass is made1 will be all that are sufficient4 ,another variety of the same trick1 executed in a similar manner1 may be performed1 to induce the company to believe that the coins are passed from one hand held on the top of a table1 to the other hand held underneath the table2 in short1 there are few tricks so easily and simply capable of variations as those of the ,flying ,coins4 ,,the ,,box1 ,,the ,,halfpence1 ,,and ,,the ,,die4 ,this is a very simple1 ingenious little trick1 but one that requires special apparatus1 which may1 however1 be purchased at a trifling cost at most of the toy-shops1 or at any of those establishments from which conjuring materials are professedly supplied4 ,the materials required are a block made to represent a pile of ordinary halfpennies 7see ,fig4 #a71 out of which a large round piece has been cut 7see ,fig4 #b1 which is ,fig4 #a made transparent71 and a round pasteboard box that will cover both blocks 7,fig4 #c74 ,a loose heap of halfpennies should also be provided to hand round the room1 with a die and a box1 in order that the illusion of the actual halfpennies being used in the performance of the trick may be kept up4 ,the trick can be best performed by an operator sitting at one end of a long dining-room table1 and1 provided only he is careful to keep his audience at a properly respectful distance1 they may be clustered round the opposite end of the table4 ,when the exhibited materials have been handed back1 the block 7,fig4 #a7 should be adroitly substituted for the real halfpennies4 ,a simple way of doing this will be to seem to manipulate the coins into an exactly even heap2 during the manipulation a dexterous movement of one or other of the hands will enable the necessary change to be made1 when the coins may for convenience1 and for the better subsequent developments of the trick1 be placed on a handkerchief or table napkin1 spread over the knees for the purpose4 ,the block 7,fig4 #a7 is to be covered with the box2 the command ,pass is to be given2 the real halfpennies are to be produced from underneath the table1 and thrown thereupon4 ,at the same time let the box be lifted by slightly pinching it near the bottom with the finger and thumb of the right hand1 by which motion the block of imitation halfpennies will also be lifted4 ,when the box is well beyond the edge of the table1 and over the lap1 relinquish the pressure1 letting the block fall into the lap2 throw the box on the table1 and the impression will be created that the halfpennies1 upon being covered with the box1 disappeared through1 and had to be brought up from beneath the table4 ,it will be understood that in this simple deceit1 as well as in the more professional sleight-of-hand tricks1 considerable dexterity must be shown to make several of the movements1 that are necessarily described as separate movements1 simultaneously4 ,the die is brought into use in the second part of the trick in the following manner3--,proceed as above1 so far as substituting the real for the imaginary halfpennies is concerned1 and at the same time pass round the die1 in order that it may be duly inspected and examined1 meanwhile place the block in the box secretly1 pinching it tightly so as to hold the block therein4 ,when the die is returned1 cover it visibly with the box1 which will secretly contain the block4 7,fig4 #b74 ,pretend to pass the coins up through the table4 ,remove the box without removing the block1 and it will appear that the magic box has changed the die into the halfpennies1 and that the die has disappeared4 ,it is scarcely necessary to observe that a reversal of this part of the trick will1 of course1 bring back the die1 and make the halfpennies disappear4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #a4--,the ,block of ,halfpennies4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #b4--,the ,block ,showing the ,concealed ,die4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #c4--,pasteboard ,box used in the ,box1 the ,halfpence1 and the ,die ,trick4 ,,to ,,pick ,a ,,marked ,,shilling ,,out ,,of ,a ,,hat ,,covered ,,with ,a ,,handkerchief4 ,place three shillings taken from some cool place 7not the pocket71 or let some one of the audience place three such shillings in a hat1 and cover them with a handkerchief4 ,after this has been done1 continue the patter for a minute or two1 to allow of the warmth communicated to the coins by the hand passing away4 ,then hand the hat and coins to any one of the audience1 and request him to remove any one1 but only one1 of the coins4 ,by asking him whether he will be able to recognise that particular coin again1 induce him to retain it for as long a time as possible in his hand1 and1 in order that there may really be no mistake1 instruct him how to distinctly mark it by scratching it with a knife1 or in some other equally effectual manner4 ,it is important that the person taking and marking the coin should not wear gloves4 ,when all this has been done1 let the coin be again placed in the hat1 and covered with the handkerchief4 ,the warmth of the hand of the person who marked the coin will have made it perceptibly warmer than the other two1 and if the performer is tolerably quick in thrusting his hand into the hat1 there will be no difficulty in detecting this warmth1 and selecting the marked coin4 ,it is not necessary1 however1 that it be at once brought out2 the performer should make-believe to search for it for some time before finally withdrawing and exhibiting it4 ,,burning ,,the ,,handkerchief4 ,this is a good sleight-of-hand trick for amateurs4 ,it requires no special apparatus1 and1 as here described1 gives a good illustration of the many uses to which the magic wand may be put4 ,place a lighted candle on some small table near to1 but well removed from contact with1 the spectators2 show both hands perfectly empty2 borrow a pocket-handkerchief from some lady present4 7,n4,b4--,the handkerchief should1 for the convenience of the performer1 be of a small size1 and therefore a lady's handkerchief is preferable47 ,take the handkerchief by the centre1 pull it carefully between the left finger and thumb1 and advance to the candle4 ,before burning it1 however1 stop and say1 as if in answer to some remark overheard1 ,oh1 no2 the handkerchief has not been changed4 ,see6 and1 at the same time1 allow another inspection of it4 ,suggest now to its owner that1 if burned1 she will desire her handkerchief to be restored again to its proper condition1 and such being the case1 announce the necessity of the magic wand for that purpose4 ,return to the table on which the wand will have been placed1 which should be some table other than that on which the candle is standing1 and at the same time place1 unperceived1 between the left thumb and forefinger1 a small piece of material similar to that out of which a handkerchief is made4 ,the centre of this piece of cambric should be pointed outwards so that it may be readily pulled out at the desired moment1 the remainder being neatly rolled up and palmed under the thumb4 ,place the wand in one of the coat pockets1 and again take the handkerchief1 putting it this time into the left hand1 and pull up the small piece of material1 completely hiding the centre of the real handkerchief between the second and third finger and the palm of the hand4 ,the portion of the smaller material sticking out from the thumb and forefinger may now be safely burnt1 and the audience may be challenged to see there is no doubt but that it is the actual handkerchief4 7,of course in this1 as in all tricks1 no person from the audience must be allowed to approach the performer1 except upon invitation2 and1 indeed1 it is almost always better that articles to be inspected should be taken by the performer to the audience2 if the audience approaches near to the tricks when being performed the illusion is generally weakened1 if not altogether spoiled47 ,the handkerchief being apparently burned at its centre1 may1 what remains of it1 be now rolled up into a ball1 and while this is being done1 the actually burnt piece of material should be separated from the real handkerchief2 then take the magic wand from the pocket1 and in doing so1 drop the small semi-burnt piece of cambric1 unperceived1 into that pocket1 touch the handkerchief with the wand1 and return it to its owner to be examined1 when it will be found to be perfectly whole4 ,,the ,,augmented ,,coins4 ,on a small tray or salver place a number of counters1 gilt in imitation of sovereigns 7these counters may be purchased at a very small cost71 and ask of the audience if some one of their number will kindly give permission to have the coins passed into his hands or pockets4 ,several of those present will doubtless volunteer the necessary permission1 but the performer may then protest that one will be sufficient to show his power1 and however much of a wizard he may be1 he yet cannot endow all present with unlimited wealth4 ,the conjurer may further remark that he will be open and above board1 that he will pass coins from himself to some one of the audience unseen1 and without the knowledge of that one himself4 ,the performer will do well to select for the trick some person whose countenance indicates an easy disposition1 and such an one should be invited to take from the tray a handful of the coins4 ,this having been done1 the remainder of the counters should be emptied from the tray on to the table4 ,the person who has taken the handful of coins should next be asked to count them1 and the performer at the same time must approach him1 with the empty salver1 carefully held between the thumb and forefinger of the right hand1 in order that the coins1 as they are counted1 may be placed therein4 ,it may here be observed that in the right hand and underneath the salver the performer should have concealed a small number of similar coins or counters2 for convenience of illustration we will say seven4 ,these counters may very easily be concealed from sight1 inasmuch as the three last fingers which are to hold them will be naturally covered by the tray4 ,as the assisting spectator--who1 by the way1 should be no confederate--counts the coins one by one1 repeat after him the numbers as they are named1 to prevent any mistake or misunderstanding1 until he has finished1 having reached1 we will suppose1 twenty-two4 ,he should now be requested to be good enough to take in one of his hands these twenty-two pieces1 and the performer1 suiting the action to the word1 will here pour the twenty-two coins or counters into his own right hand1 where they may be made to imperceptibly mingle with the seven already concealed there1 as before mentioned1 and at once the whole twenty-nine should be handed to and placed boldly into the offered hand of the spectator4 ,as a matter of experience1 it will be found that seven coins so added to twenty-two will not be detected2 but as a further precaution1 and to prevent the possibility of the counters being again numbered1 ask the assisting spectator to keep the hand holding the coins as tightly closed as possible1 and in the other hand to hold the salver1 in order still further to give his assistance and to prove that the salver has nothing to do with the deception4 ,the operator should now return to his platform1 or behind his conjuring table1 and request that the coins may be held out in the clenched palm on a level with the heads1 or rather a little above the heads1 of the audience generally1 in order that no one may be struck by the coins that are to be made to pass from the performer to take their place with those held out4 ,the performer himself takes up from the table a number of counters1 say eight1 deliberately counting them one by one as they are taken1 and allowing the entire audience to see that here again there is no deception4 7,n4,b4--,unimportant movements like this should always be deliberately done47 ,the spectator whose assistance hitherto may be described as so valuable should now be asked if he has any objection to urge why these further eight coins or counters should not be passed from the performer on the stage or platform to him at his seat among the audience in the body of the room4 ,it may confidently be reckoned upon that no objection will be urged4 ,here1 again1 as a preliminary to the final movement by a repetition both from the performer and the spectator1 announce the number of counters 7twenty-two7 that are believed to be in the hand of the latter1 and point out that with the eight about to be passed to him there should then be thirty4 ,at this juncture the eight coins must be dropped into the hollow of the left hand of the performer2 he should bend forward towards that part of the audience where the assistant for the time being is situated1 and ask him to make a similar movement towards the platform1 the performer indicating by means of his right hand the exact direction in which the assistant should move4 ,this motion of the right hand will momentarily divert the attention of the audience generally from the left hand1 which is to be taken advantage of by secreting the coins in some part of the attire of the performer4 ,everything is now ready to make the necessary pass1 and it may now be done at the first convenient point of the performer's address4 ,give the order pass1 and ask whether the shock of the advent of the additional counters was not felt4 ,at any rate1 ask the audience to verify1 by counting1 that the additional coins have duly reached the assistant's hand2 and while all eyes are so occupied get possession secretly of another counter1 and hold it1 unperceived1 in the right hand4 ,it will be readily understood that the assistant will have but twenty-nine counters in his hand1 inasmuch as the actual number added was only seven4 ,possibly1 however1 he will be so overwhelmed at the operation that has been apparently performed that one counter more or less will not be noticed2 or1 indeed1 he may mis-count one1 and1 if so1 the trick may be allowed to end2 but if not1 some allusion to the thirtieth coin having been dropped in its transit may be made1 and the one palmed in the conjurer's right hand may be apparently brought out of a handkerchief1 fan1 lap1 or pocket of some one of the other intervening spectators4 ,at any rate1 a careful reading of previously and subsequently described sleight-of-hand tricks will suggest to an ingenious lad many methods by which1 with the aid of the additional coin1 the latter part of the trick may be extended and varied4 ,,to ,,guess ,,the ,,two ,,ends ,,of ,a ,,line ,,of ,,dominoes4 ,for this trick a whole set of dominoes is required1 and from the set the performer should secretly secure one which is not a double4 ,let the remaining dominoes be well shuffled1 and placed according to the ordinary rules of domino games1 and the performer may safely and surely undertake to tell1 without seeing them1 the two numbers forming the extremes of the line which may have been placed during his absence from the room4 ,the numbers on the extreme ends of the domino line will correspond with the numbers on the domino secreted by the performer4 ,if the trick has for any good reason to be repeated1 see that the secreted domino is exchanged for another4 ,numerous other simple domino tricks will on this model occur to frequent players with dominoes1 and1 indeed1 many of the card tricks may be so adapted as to be shown with dominoes instead of cards4 ,so much space has been devoted to card tricks that the reader cannot do better1 if he desires to show some domino tricks1 than refer back to the card tricks1 and make the necessary adaptations for himself4 ,,the ,,lost ,,ring ,,recovered4 ,this is a trick suitable to the abilities of any amateur1 and requires but little in the way of apparatus1 a couple of common toy jewellery rings1 a piece of elastic thread1 and a lemon being the appliances needed4 ,take a piece of elastic thread1 from three to four inches long2 let one end be fastened to one of the rings and the other to the inside of the performer's coat-sleeve1 care being taken to have the elastic of such a length that it permits the ring to be placed on the finger1 and that when the ring is removed it will fly up the sleeve1 so as to be concealed from the audience4 ,before commencing to show the trick1 a lemon should be procured1 and in the middle of it a slit be cut crosswise1 and into the slit the second ring should be pushed until it lies in the very centre of the lemon4 ,the slit should be carefully cut so as to remove no portion of the rind2 it will then be found that when the ring has been pushed into the lemon the slit will close up and be imperceptible1 unless its existence is known4 ,the lemon should then be cut into slices1 nearly but not quite severed1 and held so that if anything were between the slices it would fall out4 ,of course1 care must be taken that the lemon is so cut as to allow the ring to be in the middle of one of the slices4 ,a piece of tape and a bodkin have next to be borrowed4 ,the end of the tape should be slipped through the eye of the bodkin1 and pushed lengthways through the lemon in such a way that it is passed through the ring4 ,the ends of the tape may now be given to two different spectators1 and they should be instructed to keep the tape at full stretch4 ,the first ring worn on the performer's finger1 and to which the elastic is attached1 must at this juncture be slipped from off the finger1 and held between the thumb and finger1 care being taken that it is so held that the audience cannot see the elastic thread4 ,the hand should be pointed towards the lemon1 the fingers being then suddenly spread out1 and the ring let go1 and it will fly away and become hidden up the performer's coat-sleeve4 ,surprise at this sudden disappearance of the ring may be expressed1 but it should be surmised that as it was the performer's intention to pass it into the lemon1 perhaps the lost jewel may of its own accord have taken its flight thither4 ,let the performer then go to the lemon1 and separating the divisions into which it has been sliced1 push them one by one apart4 ,each outer slice should be alternately taken and pulled off from the tape1 keeping the central slice until the last4 ,when this is reached1 again take the knife and cut the slice gradually down1 carefully destroying the slit through which the ring was passed1 and continue cutting until the metal of the ring is visible4 ,the performer should let some one of the audience disengage the embedded ring1 which will1 of course1 be found strung upon the tape4 ,,to ,,get ,a ,,ring ,,out ,,of ,a ,,handkerchief4 ,obtain a piece of gold or brass wire1 and bend it into the form of a wedding-ring1 seeing first that both ends are sharpened4 ,borrow from one member of the audience a handkerchief and from another a wedding-ring1 unless the performer has previously provided himself with a suitable ring for the trick4 ,at any rate1 palm the false ring1 and allow the real ring to be inspected by handing it round to the company1 and announce that it is to be made to pass through the handkerchief4 ,the performer then takes the borrowed handkerchief1 and places his hand underneath it1 at the same time substituting the false ring1 which had been previously concealed by being palmed1 for the actual ring1 which will in the meantime have been received back again4 ,the false ring now has to be pressed against the centre of the handkerchief1 and an independent person should be desired to hold the ring covered by the handkerchief by closing his finger and thumb through the hoop of the ring4 ,two other spectators may also here be asked1 the one to hold the handkerchief by two of its corners1 and the other by the other corners1 keeping it as far as possible at full stretch1 so that it may be clearly seen that the ring in the handkerchief has not been merely placed in one of its folds4 ,when the audience have had time to satisfy themselves on this point1 those holding the corners of the handkerchief may be relieved from their duties1 the person holding the ring1 however1 still retaining his hold4 ,request now some other person to grasp the handkerchief as tightly as he pleases some two or three inches or more below the ring1 the person holding the ring being then asked to let go4 ,let a hat or some other object be now held by some person other than the performer over that part of the handkerchief that is being grasped and that contains the false ring2 the performer then passes his hand under the hat1 opens the false ring by bending one of its sharpened points a little asunder1 brings that point gently through the fabric of the handkerchief1 draws out the remainder1 and carefully rubs the hole made thereby in the handkerchief1 in order that the hole may be concealed4 ,the actual ring should not be placed outside and over the handkerchief1 and upon the hat being removed it will appear to the audience that the ring has been taken from the inside and placed over a portion of the handkerchief4 ,the false ring will1 of course before this point of the trick1 have been palmed or otherwise got rid of4 99 99 99 99 99 ,in this short account of card1 coin1 and other conjuring tricks we have purposely avoided describing such tricks as require either a long training or expensive apparatus2 but in order to show more clearly what a very simple affair conjuring is1 we will here give an account of two professional conjuring tricks that have attained a world-wide celebrity4 ,the first given is a description of the celebrated ,gold-fish ,trick1 as performed by ,herr ,frikell1 which trick1 by the way1 dates long before ,frikell's time1 although the charm with which he conjured1 by combining the genius of the actor with that of the conjurer1 has given him such a pre-eminence in what he undertook as to make old tricks appear to be invested with a new charm4 ,the second description is ,robert ,houdin's own account of the ,cups and ,balls ,trick1 modifications of which have often been published under the title of ,the ,travelled ,balls4 ,,the ,,gold-,,fish ,,trick2 ,,or1 ,,how ,,to ,,bring ,,bowls ,,of ,,water ,,in ,,which ,,gold-,,fishes ,,are ,,swimming ,,out ,,of ,,an ,,empty ,,cloth4 ,the performer advances on the stage1 and stands quite apart from any surrounding objects2 there is nothing in his dress in any way unusual1 and in his hand he holds an ordinary cloth about four feet square1 which the audience is permitted to examine4 ,upon the cloth being returned to him by the audience1 he throws it over his left arm and hand1 and after a few seconds produces from under it a glass bowl full of water1 in which gold-fishes are seen swimming2 the cloth is again thrown into the air1 shaken1 and examined1 and the trick is repeated until four large bowls have been produced from apparently nowhere4 ,the following describes how the trick is accomplished3--,fig4 #b represents an india-rubber cover1 the diameter 7a b7 being about the same diameter as the top of the bowl2 the whole cover turns over the edge flat about two or three inches1 so that the opening 7c d7 is considerably smaller than the diameter 7a b74 ,after the bowl 7,fig4 #a7 has been about three-parts filled with water1 and two or three fishes placed in it1 the cover 7,fig4 #b7 is stretched over the bowl 7,fig4 #c72 the part of the cover a b 7,fig4 #b7 is1 of course1 drawn over the rim of the bowl 7a b1 ,fig4 #c72 and the part c d 7,fig4 #b7 is in contact with the outside top part of the bowl 7c d1 ,fig4 #c74 ,the bowl1 as now covered1 can be turned upside down and carried sideways1 without any fear whatever of the water being spilt4 ,the next point is how to conceal it about one's person4 ,fig4 #d represents a small black bag capable of holding two bowls side by side 7i4e41 the glass bottom of one in contact with the india-rubber cover of the other71 which is tied round the waist1 the tail of a dress-coat being amply sufficient to hide it4 ,the sleight-of-hand required in performing the trick is to manage the cloth so that it hides the movement of the right hand and arm in bringing the bowl out of the pocket into position4 ,when the bowl is brought under the cloth1 rest the bowl on the right hand1 and bring away the left from under the cloth4 ,in taking off the cloth1 incline the bowl very slightly towards one end1 peel off the india-rubber cover by means of the left-hand finger and thumb inside the cloth4 ,the cover remains in the cloth1 and must be conveyed away into any pocket during the public examination of the bowl4 ,the direction of the conjurer's eyes must be with the bowl1 as should the eyes rest on the cloth after the bowl has been taken out1 people will at once suspect that there is something there1 and possibly put awkward questions1 or ask to examine the cloth too soon4 ,to bring out the four bowls the conjurer must1 after exposing the first two1 have the pocket 7,fig4 #d7 replenished by leaving the stage or retiring to one of the wings1 and allowing two more to be placed therein1 unperceived by the audience1 by an assistant4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #a4--;,bowl with ,gold-fish4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #b4--;,india-rubber ,cover4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #c4--,the ,bowl ,covered ,over4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #d4--,the ,small ,bag for ,carrying the ,bowls4 ,,houdin',s ,,cups ,,and ,,balls ,,conjuring ,,tricks4 ,the trick of the cups and balls1 though one of the oldest known to conjurers1 still remains one of the most interesting1 by reason of the very slight preparation needed for its exhibition and the simplicity of its mode of performance4 ,the apparatus required are 7#a7 three cups1 7#b7 a magic wand1 7#c7 six small balls1 7#d7 six large balls1 and 7#e7 either a bag or shelf placed secretly on the performer's side of the conjuring table4 ,the cups should be of polished tin2 in form they are truncated cones2 the top is concave1 so as to afford a resting place for at least three of the small balls4 ,the magic wand has been previously referred to1 and one is just as good as another4 ,the small balls1 or muscades1 as ,houdin calls them1 are made of cork1 and should be a trifle more than half an inch in diameter4 ,the large balls are made of horsehair1 and covered with leather or woollen cloth4 ,this covering is made of various colours1 according to the particular passes which the performer intends to exhibit4 ,some balls are also made parti-coloured1 two of the segments being of one colour and two of another4 ,the bag1 or gibecire1 is made of some tolerably thick material1 and is tied round the waist by strings4 ,it has a wide-mouthed opening1 allowing the hand to take freely therefrom the various articles needed for the performance of the trick1 but it may be dispensed with in the event of a secret shelf being fitted in the performer's side of the table4 ,conjuring tables of special make have1 as a rule1 all the essential requirements2 but it is not difficult for an ingenious lad to arrange the necessary table for himself out of a common discarded washstand4 ,the sleight-of-hand required for the manipulation of the cups and balls is3 7#a7 ,to conjure away a small ball1 7#b7 to produce the ball when required at the tips of the fingers1 7#c7 to secretly introduce a small ball under a cup or between two cups1 7#d7 to cause a small ball placed between two cups to disappear1 7#e7 to introduce a large ball under a cup1 7#f7 to execute sundry feints1 hereafter described4 7#a7 ,to conjure away a small ball4--,to do this proceed as follows3--,hold the ball to be conjured away between the thumb and first finger1 as though to show it1 close the hand quickly1 leaving the thumb still outstretched4 ,the ball is so made to roll to the second joint of the forefinger4 ,nothing will then be easier than to continue to roll the ball with the thumb as far as the junction of the two fingers before mentioned1 which are to be slightly opened to facilitate the introduction of the ball4 ,these two movements are in reality but one1 and must be executed with extreme rapidity4 7#b7 ,to produce a small ball4--,the reverse movement to that last described must be employed3 that is to say1 roll back the ball with the thumb to the tips of the fingers4 ,rapidity in effecting the double movement is here also most essential4 7#c7 ,to secretly introduce a small ball under a cup4--,the ball being hidden in the hand between the middle and fourth fingers1 take hold of the cup between the two projecting mouldings1 and lift it ostensibly to show that there is nothing beneath it2 in replacing it on the table let go the ball1 which by reason of its position naturally falls underneath the cup1 by which it is instantly covered4 ,if the performer finds any difficulty in releasing the ball1 he may facilitate the doing so by a quick contraction of the fourth finger4 7#d7 ,to pass a small ball between two cups4--,in the act of releasing1 as just described1 give the ball an upward jerk towards the upper part of the inside of the cup held in the hand1 and quickly slip this cup over that on which it is desired that the ball should be found4 7#e7 ,to cause the disappearance of a small ball placed between two cups4--,when a ball has been placed as above described1 it may in the following manner be made to disappear3--,take the two cups in the left hand1 putting the fingers of that hand inside the lower cup1 and giving a slight upward jerk1 as though to send the ball towards the top of the upper cup1 quickly withdraw the lower cup1 at the same time lowering the upper cup1 and so covering and concealing the ball4 7#f7 ,to cause the appearance of a large ball on a table4--,this effect1 which generally produces special astonishment1 is produced by the simplest possible means4 ,lift one of the cups with the right hand1 and point to the spot from which it was removed4 ,while the eyes of the audience are directed to that spot bring the cup adroitly to the edge of the table1 introduce into it1 with the left hand1 one of the large balls1 and immediately bring the cup and the ball to the middle of the table1 keeping the ball in position with the little finger of the right hand4 ,in some cases1 in putting the ball into the cup1 it may be squeezed in order to make it stick in the bottom2 the elasticity of the ball will readily admit of this4 ,when it is desired again to produce the ball it will only be necessary to bring down the cup with a smartish rap on the table4 ,the passes of the cups and balls may be varied indefinitely4 ,every conjurer arranges a series to suit his own taste1 and the examples we have here selected will be sufficient for the guidance of amateurs4 ,it must1 however1 be admitted that there is but little substantial difference between the passes4 ,the effect is always one or more balls made to appear in one place when the spectators believe them to be in another4 ,it follows that these passes1 however varied in point of form1 should be exhibited with moderation1 so as not to weary the audience1 or to put sharp-sighted and curious spectators in the way of discovering how the tricks are performed4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,clairvoyance ,,or ,,second ,,sight4 ,second ,sight is properly classified with ,parlour ,magic1 inasmuch as there is more in it than is intended to meet the eyes or ears of the audience1 and ,clairvoyance now almost invariably forms some part of the entertainment given by the majority of professed conjurers4 ,it is much beyond our province to go into the description of the elaborate training that ,robert ,houdin and his sons went through before they were able to give their renowned representations2 but with them sharp-sightedness1 combined with a wonderful power of taking into the mind1 at a glance1 numerous objects1 was of more importance than ,second ,sight1 whatever scientists may decide that faculty to be4 ,clairvoyance1 or ,second ,sight1 when applied to conjurers' tricks and private entertainments1 is the art of telling the name and description of articles by a person whose eyes are blindfolded4 ,much as ,clairvoyance has1 from time to time1 astonished people before whom it has been represented1 but who have not been initiated into its mysteries1 and much as it undoubtedly will still continue to mystify1 yet1 when its first principles are mastered1 it will be seen by all that1 although it may form the basis of capital entertainments1 yet it1 like the conjuring tricks we have already described1 is not1 after all1 so wonderful as was imagined4 ,the whole system of presumed ,second ,sight rests with two persons 7or more1 if necessary72 the one advances to the audience to receive such articles as it may be desired to ask questions about of the other1 who is blindfolded1 and who is supposed to possess the power or faculty of ,second ,sight4 ,these questions and answers are arranged into a system which constitutes the art of ,clairvoyance4 ,sometimes1 too1 confederates with articles already seen by the blindfolded performer take part in the deception as part of the audience2 but1 in an ordinary way1 this is not at all necessary4 ,in our system1 which will require some pains and care to carry out1 there should be a series of questions1 each one of which will denote the answer to be given4 ,the questions should be very simple1 so as not themselves to appear strange or leading1 and the questions1 with the corresponding answers1 must be carefully committed to memory by both performers4 ,in order that the manner of the deception may be thoroughly understood1 we give just a few illustrations of the system of questions and answers1 which will be useful as models to those desiring to draw up a set for themselves4 ,we will suppose that some articles of jewellery have been handed in for the clairvoyant to name4 ,the other performer will proceed1 according to the articles handed in1 with the following questions1 first saying himself1 ,now1 ,i have had passed to me some articles of jewellery1 which the clairvoyant will describe1 and ,i will proceed to question him about them4 ,if the article first held up is a bracelet1 the question may be--,let the company know what ,i hold in my hand4 ,if a watch--,what is this that you are to describe8 ,if a brooch--,now what do ,i hold up8 ,if an ear-ring--,to what use is this put8 ,if a gentleman's watch-chain--,say1 in brief1 what ,i have in my hand4 ,if a ladies' watch-chain--,describe1 at length1 what ,i have in my hand4 ,if a gentleman's ring--,say1 what is in my hand now8 ,if a lady's ring--,say now1 what is in my hand8 ,if a breast-pin--,say what ,i hold up now4 ,if a stud--,what is this for8 ,the words italicised should be pronounced with emphasis1 as they will give the clue needed2 certain articles cannot be so well indicated in the questions1 and greater care must therefore be taken in committing the corresponding questions and answers to memory4 ,suppose1 further1 that a brooch has been held up1 and that it has to be more fully described1 proceed by telling the audience that the blindfolded clairvoyant will say of what metal the brooch is made4 ,if of gold--,question to put--,if of gold or silver8 ,if of silver--,if of silver or gold8 ,if neither gold nor silver1 but a common imitation--,of what metal is this brooch made8 ,if set with stones--,is it set with a stone or stones8 ,if unset--,how is it set8 ,if with a topaz--,tell the name of the stone4 ,if with an emerald--,endeavour to name the setting4 ,if with pearls--,please say how set4 ,if with opals--,kindly name the setting to the company4 ,if with diamonds--,describe the stone with which it is set8 ,if with turquoise--,i must trouble you to name the setting4 ,if with garnets--,guess the setting4 ,if with jet--,just say the nature of the setting4 ,if with cornelian--,come1 now6 what is the setting8 ,if with amethyst--,announce the name of the stone4 ,and so on1 arranging questions for colours1 for materials1 for miscellaneous articles1 such as personal wearing apparel1 chimney ornaments1 nicknacks1 c4 c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ventriloquism ,,and ,,polyphony4 ,these are two distinct branches of the same art or science of sounds1 which may be cultivated by all1 but with a success that will vary according to the special gifts or endowments of the student4 ,those possessed of ventriloquial powers have the opportunity of considerably annoying their fellow mortals if so inclined1 but on the other hand they have also the means of affording them very considerable amusement and entertainment4 ,ventriloquism is a vocal mimicry of sounds1 by which an illusion is produced on the hearer that the sound comes1 not from the mimic1 but from some external source4 ,the various descriptions of vocal mimicry are usually treated under two heads1 namely3--#ast1 ,the simple imitation of the voices of persons1 animals1 musical instruments1 and other sounds and noises of every description1 in which no illusion is intended1 and which is generally known by the name of ,polyphony2 #bnd1 the imitation of those voices1 sounds1 and noises not as originating in the mimic1 but in some other and appropriate source at a given or varying distance1 in any or even in several directions successively1 and which goes by the more general designation of ,ventriloquism4 ,the above may be taken as a scientific and fairly accurate definition of the terms in question2 and if in the treatment of this subject the distinctions above laid down are not strictly adhered to1 they will be departed from only so far as it will be necessary to make the subject interesting to the reader and easily understood by the student4 ,for the encouragement of all1 we would say that more or less success as a ventriloquist may be attained by any one4 ,indeed1 ,professor ,lee states that he attained the art without a single lesson and as the result merely of observation and practice4 ,he says further that the chief requisites for its acquirement are--,a throat and lungs of average strength1 ability to retain sounds in the memory1 and the faculty of mimicry as to tone1 look1 and even gait1 for these in no small degree contribute to the effect which the artist desires to produce4 ,it is not at all an unusual thing to meet persons able to describe and imitate minutely a conversation carried on between half a dozen persons4 ,to a certain extent this is ventriloquism1 and the gift is capable of very considerable development4 ,in short1 the young practitioner must have the power of enunciating well1 and that as far as possible without any perceptible motion of the lips2 of disguising his voice1 so as to imitate other voices and sounds1 and of adapting the degree to the apparent source of the sound4 ,the relative properties of sound and capacity of hearing are so little understood1 that it is generally supposed a ventriloquist throws his voice somewhere or other1 as it is loosely expressed2 a ventriloquist is often asked1 for example1 to throw his voice up a chimney or outside the house4 ,this1 of course1 is a feat impossible to perform2 all the ventriloquist can do is to speak and utter sounds with precisely similar organs to those possessed by every one4 ,a ventriloquist does1 however1 imitate sounds that strike the ear1 as if caused by some object at a distance4 ,for example1 a ventriloquist in imitating the music which cats so much delight to indulge in on the roofs during a summer's night1 does not trouble himself to make the fearful row the cats make1 but only the sound of the row as it comes to the ear subdued by distance and by passing through the intermediate ceilings and walls4 ,it is most important that this distinction between noises as they are and noises as they are heard1 should be constantly borne in mind during the practice of ventriloquism1 and it should be remembered1 as an axiom by all learners of the art1 that near sounds are louder than distant ones1 and vice vers4 ,the fact that loudness as a property of sound is so little understood is one of the main causes of the success of so many ventriloquists4 ,the performer by his speech or his acting leads the audience to expect to hear sounds as from a given quarter1 and the sounds being heard as from an unknown quarter are believed to be from the quarter indicated4 ,a strange sound being heard by a roomful of people will elicit cries all round of1 ,what was that8 hardly two of the company attributing the sound to the same cause1 and possibly all to the wrong one4 ,one of the commonest and easiest of ventriloquial deceptions is that of making a man's voice issue as it were from the chimney4 ,as1 however1 no one present will be likely ever to have heard an actual voice proceeding from a chimney1 it will1 nine cases out of ten1 be the speech or action of the practitioner accompanied by a strange or unknown sound that will give the real force to the deception4 ,as a consequence1 therefore1 it follows that a ventriloquist1 to amuse his audience1 must have powers over and beyond those needed for mimicking sounds2 he must be somewhat of an actor2 and as in conjuring1 so in this1 he must indulge in abundance of what we then termed patter4 ,the ventriloquist's deceptions must be well practised and frequently rehearsed1 but he must also well prepare and study the discourse of which his ventriloquial powers will be but the illustration4 ,baron ,mengen1 a celebrated ventriloquist1 says of himself1 that to make sounds appear muffled or to come from a distance he presses his tongue against the teeth1 and thus circumscribes a cavity between the left cheek and the teeth1 in which cavity the voice is produced by the air held in reserve4 ,he furthermore adds1 that it is necessary to well manage the breath1 and to respire as seldom as possible4 ,the ventriloquist must understand the difference between vocal and other sounds1 as embodying the distinction between ventriloquism in its highest development and mere polyphony4 ,mere sounds1 that are not vocal sounds1 can be produced in the vocal tube apart from the larynx4 ,some of them are of a definite and uniform pitch1 while others are mere noises1 such as rustling1 whispering1 gurgling1 snoring1 and many others4 ,on the contrary1 phonation1 or the production of voice1 is a result of actions taking place under mechanical laws of acoustics1 combined with the physiological laws of muscular movement4 ,the pitch of the voice essentially depends on the tension of the vocal ligaments1 the loudness of their vibration1 and the quality depends on the form and size of the vocal tube and the organisation of the larynx4 ,the form and size of the vocal tube may be altered by dilating or contracting the pharynx1 by dilating or contracting the mouth1 by contracting the communication between the pharynx and the mouth1 by altering the form of the mouth's cavity1 and in other minor ways2 and it will be found that each of these modifications of the vocal tube confers a peculiarity of quality to the voice4 ,the mimicry of mere sounds will be found by the young practitioner to be a comparatively easy matter1 and he may soon be able to entertain his friends with fairly accurate imitations of the buzzing and humming of flies1 bees1 wasps1 and other insects2 of knife-grinding1 of sawing and planing of wood1 of falling objects1 of cats mewing1 of dogs barking1 c4 c4 ,instructions as to how to imitate these various sounds would be of little use2 each one must find out for himself4 ,in fact1 an ear acutely perceptive to the nice distinctions of sound is about the only real qualification needed for the attainment of success in the practice of polyphony1 as distinct from ventriloquism4 ,in treating the higher part of the subject1 which deals with these illusions in which the voice counterfeits sounds1 and also represents them in such a manner that they appear to issue from their appropriate source1 some further remarks are needed on the questions of direction and distance of sounds4 ,a little way back we repudiated the idea that ventriloquists threw their voices anywhere2 and we return now to the subject to explain away the delusion1 or rather the ignorance out of which the idea has grown4 ,man does not hear the distance which a sound has travelled2 he only judges the distance from experience1 by comparing the loudness with which he hears with the known distance and corresponding loudness of similar sounds4 ,experience proves1 as previously stated1 that error is generally the result of attempting off-hand to decide either the distance or the direction of an unknown sound4 ,bearing in mind1 then1 that near sounds are louder than distant ones1 sounds having the same pitch1 quality1 and duration1 may be produced with a graduated reduction or increase of loudness1 which1 falling in succession on the ear1 will suggest to the mind a varying distance of the sound's source4 ,the young practitioner should put this theory into practice1 and1 at the same time1 imitate the sounds of voices and objects heard at different known distances4 ,by these means he will the more readily be able to reproduce such sounds when they are required to form some part of his entertainment4 ,for his encouragement he should also remember that slight defects in the imitation of distant voices and sounds may be expected to pass without question4 ,further1 if the distance from which a sound has travelled is rarely accurately judged1 the would-be ventriloquist will be still further encouraged by learning that the judgment as to the direction whence a sound comes is still more fallible4 ,it is notorious1 for example1 that a person in a house cannot1 by the noise made by an approaching carriage1 judge with any degree of certainty whether it is coming from the right or the left4 ,the direction whence a sound comes seems to be judged of by the right or left ear receiving the stronger impression2 but this1 of course1 can only be when the sounds come from the level1 or thereabouts1 of the ear2 if above1 this mode of judgment1 however accurate it may be made by practice1 fails2 hence it is that professed ventriloquists make so many of their unseen characters speak either from above or below the audience4 ,the practice of holding an apparent conversation with some imaginary person1 or persons1 on the roof or below the floor1 almost invariably forms parts of a ventriloquial entertainment1 the performer indicating1 either directly or indirectly1 the direction from which he wishes his audience to believe the sound is coming4 ,directly1 by asking questions such as ,are you up there8 ,are you down below8 or indirectly1 by holding the hand to the ear and straining1 as if listening for sounds from above or below1 as the case may be4 ,by these and similar means1 before a sound is produced1 the audience will be prepared to expect it to come from the suggested direction1 and the ventriloquist has merely1 by his adjustment of the vocal loudness1 to indicate the necessary distance1 when the error in1 or want of judgment of the audience1 will complete the illusion which he has thus already commenced4 ,it has been observed by careful students of the art that the effect which is produced on sound by its travelling a distance from any direction is-- #a4 ,that its loudness is reduced in proportion to the distance4 #b4 ,that its pitch remains unaltered4 #c4 ,that its quality or tone is somewhat softened4 #d4 ,that its duration remains unaltered4 #e4 ,that human speech is somewhat obscured1 chiefly in the consonant sounds4 ,it is very necessary that the student should study and bear in mind the full meaning and bearing of these five observations1 and that his action should be guided thereby1 remembering that the ventriloquist imitates the sound1 not as it is heard at its source1 but as it is heard after travelling from its source to the ear1 that is1 as it strikes the ear4 ,a skilful ventriloquist will effect his imitations without any scarcely perceptible movement of his lips1 jaws1 or features2 but when such movements are absolutely necessary1 he will contrive not to let the audience see them1 by turning away for the moment1 his face from the audience1 sometimes even not showing so much as the profile4 ,with a little practice it will soon become easy to speak without moving the jaw1 and it is the movements of the jaw which disturb the features4 ,the labial sounds1 such as b1 p1 m1 when the jaw is thus fixed1 can be made with the slightest possible motion of the lips4 ,during ventriloquy1 the lips and jaws being always more or less open1 this slight labial movement generally remains unnoticed1 unless special attention be directed to it4 ,practice1 too1 should be made to produce all the modifications of the voice without distorting the features or moving the lips more than is absolutely necessary4 ,the preceding outline of the philosophy of ventriloquism is sufficient to exhibit the nature of the art1 and we will now proceed with a few hints as to how certain sounds are to be produced1 premising1 however1 that they will not be numerous1 as no definite rules can be laid down4 ,a bass and somewhat sepulchral tone is produced in the lower part of the throat1 in much the same manner as when attempting to gurgle1 except that the lips should remain closed1 and the head kept in its natural position4 ,the greater the distance from which a sound has apparently to come1 the nearer must the tip of the tongue be brought to the front of the mouth1 the greater must be the contraction of the muscles1 and the articulation must be made in the upper part of the throat4 ,the natural voice may be easily disguised by wearing a pair of pince-nez spectacles1 with a very strong spring4 ,the spring pressing on the air-passages of the nose will considerably alter the tone of the voice4 ,to make the sound of a voice appear as coming from the other side of a partition1 or through a door1 it is only necessary to open the mouth slightly1 to fix the jaws fast1 to draw back and roll the tongue1 and then to speak2 the sound then1 instead of being formed in the mouth1 will be formed in the pharynx1 and appear to come from beyond such material as may be indicated by the action or natural speech of the performer4 ,to imitate the sound of the same voice after the door has been opened1 or the partition removed1 requires somewhat different management4 ,the voice must not1 of course1 be altered from the original pitch1 but must be made in another part of the mouth4 ,to do this1 the lips should now be tightly closed1 one corner of the mouth 7that away from the audience7 should be drawn downwards towards the ear1 the lips opened at that corner only1 and the words to be spoken breathed out of the opening so formed4 ,to make a sound seem as coming from a distance is accomplished in a similar manner to that in which a sound is made to appear as coming from the other side of a door or wall1 except that according to the distance from which the sound is represented as coming1 must the palate of the mouth be thrown more or less back towards the pharynx1 when the sound will be reflected in the cavity so formed1 and appear to come from above or below1 or according to the direction in which the ventriloquist holds his mouth and face4 ,the voice1 of course1 may be made to come nearer or to recede1 according to the varying size of the cavity described4 ,a ventriloquist should always have in his mind the knowledge that distant or muffled sounds are more or less indistinct1 and as certain consonant sounds are ventriloquially difficult to utter1 they may safely be slurred over1 rather than risk the success of the illusion by moving the lips4 ,for example3 if the imitated voice is to be made say1 ,see what you are doing there1 you bad boy1 it should be spoken as if the labial consonants were omitted1 and as if it were written ,see 'ot you're doing there1 you' ad whoy4 ,a little careful preparation will soon enable the performer to dispense with such consonant sounds as those mentioned1 except for his own natural voice4 ,as a general rule1 it may be said that insect-sounds are produced more by the lips than the throat2 but most sounds that are not phonetic may be produced in various ways1 and the discovery of them must be left to the imitative powers of the reader4 ,it has already been observed that ventriloquism will be found of great service in making entertainments of parlour magic1 clairvoyance1 and the like more lively4 ,it is related of ,comte1 the celebrated ,french conjurer1 that ventriloquism added a great charm to his performances1 but that he made the chief use of his powers in that direction when on his travels1 as he found that they served as puffs for his public entertainments1 and were a great help in attracting crowds4 ,at ,tours1 for instance1 it is stated he induced the people to break in four doors1 to rescue a man supposed to be dying of hunger4 ,at another place he renewed the miracle of the prophet ,balaam's ass1 by making a donkey1 carrying an exceedingly stout man1 complain of his excessive weight4 ,upon another occasion1 at a fair1 ,comte saw a countryman driving a pig in order to offer it for sale4 ,the pig was so fat that it could hardly move1 and the following dialogue took place3-- ,comte3 ,what's the price of your pig1 my good man8 ,man3 ,a hundred francs1 sir1 at your service4 ,comte3 ,the price is too much2 seventy francs is abundance4 ,man3 ,one hundred francs is the price1 neither more nor less2 take the pig at that or leave it4 ,comte3 ,stay 7and approaching the animal72 ,i am sure your pig is more reasonable than are you4 7,addressing the pig7 ,tell me on your conscience1 my fine fellow1 are you worth one hundred francs8 ,to which the pig was believed to reply in a hoarse and hollow voice3 ,you are a long way out2 ,i'm not worth the half--,i'm measled1 and1 if you buy me1 you will be taken in4 ,finally1 we would recommend our young friends to practise those few sounds we have mentioned1 and others will soon come naturally2 to bear in mind our observations as to sounds from a distance and from various directions2 and before attempting anything like a set entertainment1 to write out beforehand and to rehearse over and over again the dialogues to be introduced4 ,strange sounds may sometimes be tried1 secretly1 in order to try the effect on others2 but care must be taken1 if ever ventriloquism is used for practical joking1 and the nerves and feelings of those against whom the joke is to be directed well considered1 or mischief may attend what would otherwise be perfectly innocent4 ,,footnote3 #b ,a coin or other article may be as easily palmed as a card1 and in the same manner1 except that the muscles of the hand found between the fleshy cushions at the root of the thumb and little finger will be found most convenient for holding such articles as a half-crown1 a glass ball1 or a cork4 ,still smaller articles may be held securely and secretly between the bottom parts of any two of the fingers4 ,,fireside ,,fun4 ,during the long winter evenings1 when families are assembled together for the ,christmas vacations1 pleasant and profitable hours may be spent quietly sitting round the fire and indulging in such mental games and pastimes as will be explained in this section4 ,the ,english language is composed of words of various construction1 and it is our intention in the few following pages to describe some of the many ways in which combined amusement and information may be obtained by exercises in word and letter puzzles2 to speak of the different kinds of acrostics1 enigmas1 charades1 rebuses1 and the like1 and how they are made2 to give a few examples of each2 and generally to do what we can to help wile away pleasantly some of those hours which1 it is feared1 in some circles may hang heavily for want of that specific instruction which it will be our object to impart4 ,moreover1 we will treat here of authors1 cities1 rivers1 countries1 mountains1 and other matters1 so that fair opportunity is offered to our young friends to turn to account such knowledge as they possess2 and it is hoped that they may be encouraged to seek further information on the subjects that these various subjects give rise to4 ,,decapitations4 ,there are ,english words in abundance which1 being shorn of their initial letter or syllable1 form other words of different meanings4 ,such words will be considered under the heading of ,decapitations4 ,it will always afford amusement and interest to an assembled company if some one of their number selects an appropriate series of words1 and gives an impromptu arrangement1 in prose1 doggerel verse1 or good rhyme if he can1 of the several significations of the various words thus arrived at1 leaving others to puzzle out the series of words from the descriptions given4 ,in propounding the puzzle1 in this and in other cases to be hereafter described1 the proposer should exercise his wit and ingenuity in making it as amusing as possible4 ,a judicious play upon words is always appreciated1 and sure to cause mirth2 indeed1 the maxim that the worse the pun the better the joke should be borne in mind and acted upon when indulging in ,fireside ,fun4 ,we proceed with a few illustrations of ,decapitations1 the appropriate solution being given after each puzzle3-- ,my whole is a word of one syllable1 and expresses a species of grain4 ,behead me1 and you make me very warm4 ,once again1 and at meal times ,i shall be called into requisition4 ,and yet again remove my initial letter1 and ,i remain a simple preposition4 ,answer3 ,wheat1 heat1 eat1 at4 ,my whole is but an atom when complete2 ,you'll find it both in light and heat4 ,behead me once1 and you behold ,a pleasure ground for young and old4 ,decapitate again1 and you will find ,i long ago preserved mankind4 ,answer3 ,spark1 park1 ark4 ,i have used all my whole this puzzle to frame1 ,but if you behead me1 then murder you name2 ,behead me again1 and not dead as supposed1 ,for ,i still live and breathe1 but am much indisposed4 ,answer3 ,still1 kill1 ill4 ,as an illustration of ,decapitation of words by syllables rather than by letters1 we give the following3-- ,my whole is significant of dissolution4 ,behead me1 and ,i am a school exercise significant of construction4 ,behead me again1 and ,i denote the place attained by the exercise4 ,answer3 ,decomposition1 composition1 position4 ,my whole is unbearable4 ,beheaded1 ,i am bearable4 ,again beheaded1 ,i am easily moved4 ,once more beheaded1 ,i remain a solid piece of furniture4 ,answer3 ,insupportable1 supportable1 portable1 table4 ,the following words1 among many others1 are suitable for ,decapitation3-- ,abate 7bate1 ate72 abundance 7bun1 dance72 abroad 7broad1 road72 bail 7ail1 il1 ,french for he72 bland 7land1 and72 clout 7lout1 out72 discomfort 7comfort1 fort72 draft 7raft1 aft72 drear 7rear1 ear72 drill 7rill1 ill72 drink 7rink1 ink72 dwell 7well1 ell72 encompass 7compass1 pass72 invalid 7valid1 lid72 chair 7hair1 air72 seat 7eat1 at72 shire 7hire1 ire72 slate 7late1 ate72 and so forth4 ,,curtailments ,,and ,,retailings4 ,here we find an enlargement and modification of the ,decapitation series of puzzles1 obtained by varying the endings as well as the beginnings of words1 or by varying the endings only4 ,from the examples given it will be seen that it is legitimate to make these variations in different ways4 ,the first examples involve the removal of final letters only to make words of different significance4 ,complete1 ,i am a privilege exclusive1 ,by many sought with hope illusive2 ,curtail me1 and for sacred use ,i'm claimed2 ,once more1 and your own head you've named2 ,curtail again1 in ,erin's ,isle ,i then abound1 ,and if again you venture1 a father will be found4 ,answer3 ,patent1 paten1 pate1 ,pat1 pa4 ,curtail a patriarchal dwelling-place1 and find the number of that council in ancient ,rome of which ,appius ,claudius was the chief4 ,answer3 ,tent1 ten4 ,curtail the miser's treasure1 and it becomes grey with age or white as the frost on the grass4 ,answer3 ,hoard1 hoar4 ,a monarch curtailed becomes to all a blood relation1 said by ,hamlet to be less than kind4 ,answer3 ,king1 kin4 ,curtail that organ which is said by some to be the seat of all emotion1 and there remains one of the five senses4 ,answer3 ,heart1 hear4 ,in many words the final letters1 particularly the last three1 when standing alone1 do not1 unless re-arranged1 express a word conveying sense or meaning1 but by an easy and simple re-arrangement or transposition can be made to do so4 ,this may be seen in such words as-- ,sword1 word 7ord transposes into rod74 ,scent1 cent 7ent transposes into ten74 ,puzzles of this class are usually included among ,retailings1 and the above examples of sword and scent are examples combined of both ,decapitation and ,retailing4 ,again1 in other words1 the finals can be made to express two or more words of different meanings1 as-- ,fowl1 owl 7which also transposes into low74 ,scant1 cant1 ant 7which also transposes into tan74 ,the following is a combined ,decapitation and ,retailing puzzle1 the retailing being effected by a transposition of the letters3-- ,strike my whole1 and 'twill give you a light4 ,behead and retail me1 ,i'm the gossip's delight4 ,behead me once more1 and your heads ,i'll adorn2 ,once again1 and ,i'm left at last all forlorn4 ,answer3 ,match1 chat 7atch transposed71 hat1 at4 ,many words of more than one syllable may be treated under this puzzle1 by lopping off the original ending and substituting some other which will make a word of an entirely different meaning1 thus3-- ,retail what is needed to bury the dead1a ,with that on which doctors rely for their bread2b ,these together combined should be bright and clear1 ,and be taken for breakfast without any fear4c ,answer3 a ,coffin1 b fee1 c coffee4 ,we will now give a few puzzles founded on one or more of the previous examples2 but our young readers will find that ,retailings offer a much wider range of words from which to select than do ,decapitations4 ,more fun1 however1 will be obtained by combining the two4 ,the word transpose is used in some books instead of retail2 but transpositions1 properly so-called1 will be treated later on3-- ,complete1 ,i am common1 ,beheaded1 ,i am a ceremony1 ,retailed1 ,i am a head-dress4 ,answer3 ,trite1 rite1 tire4 ,complete1 ,i am a servant1 ,beheaded1 ,i am an apartment1 ,retailed1 ,i am an extensive waste4 ,answer3 ,groom1 room1 moor4 ,complete1 ,i grow within a field ,and pleasant pasture often yield2 ,decapitate1 a suitor then ,is quickly brought before your ken4 ,behead again1 ,i am a word ,oft on the cricket field is heard4 ,restore my head1 cut off my tail1 ,to name a spice you will not fail4 ,behead me now1 and you will find ,the master passion left behind4 ,complete me as ,i was before1 ,put on my head1 my tail restore1 ,my second letter take away1 ,an envelope ,i am1 you'll say4 ,now1 if you but curtail once more1 ,i'll show an inlet on the shore4 ,answer3 ,clover1 lover1 over1 clove1 love1 cover1 cove4 ,a word expressing bitter hate ,my total does disclose1 ',tis shared alike by small and great ',twixt those who still are foes4 ,now change the scene1 take off my head1 ,a lady comes to view1 ,a sweeter name may ne'er be said ,than this1 if tales be true4 ,decapitate once more1 and lo6 ,small insects now appear2 ,retail at once1 in ,french 'twill show ,whence daylight comes so clear4 ,restore1 take off my head again1 ,and now in winter ,i am chiefly seen1 ,but in summer1 too1 ,i'm cooling when ,your lips are parched1 ,i ween4 ,my whole restore1 yet not my tail1 ,transposed1 then ,i will name ,what we in justice cannot fail ,to designate a claim4 ,answer3 ,malice1 ,alice1 lice1 ciel1 ice1 claim4 ,complete1 ,i am shrill2 ,beheaded1 a musical instrument2 ,beheaded and transposed1 ,i denote equality4 ,answer3 ,sharp1 harp1 par4 ,complete1 ,i'm in a difficulty4 ,behead me1 and ,i show signs of grief4 ,once more1 and ,i am a useful seed2 ,again1 and ,i am what philosophers name our ancestors4 ,transposed1 ,i am a vegetable4 ,answer3 ,scrape1 crape1 rape1 ape1 pea4 ,complete1 ,i am a reproof4 ,beheaded1 ,i am a portion of land4 ,beheaded again and transposed1 and ,i become the lot of all humanity4 ,answer3 ,chide1 hide1 die4 ,complete1 ,i am without rule or method4 ,beheaded and transposed1 ,i am a mythological true friend2 ,again1 and ,i give expression to sounds of grief4 ,answer3 ,random1 ,damon1 moan4 ,my whole is a metal4 ,beheaded1 curtailed1 and transposed1 ,i am a noted ,english poet4 ,beheaded and transposed1 ,i then become an ,american poet4 ,curtailed again1 and ,i name one of ,italy's chief rivers4 ,answer3 ,copper1 ,pope1 ,poe1 ,po4 ,sufficient examples of puzzles of this nature will have been given to show that very many of the words of every-day use may be made to serve for ,retailings4 ,still another form of the word puzzle known as ,retailings consists in choosing some word which1 upon the addition of one or more letters at the end1 will make one or more different words of distinct meanings1 as in the following examples3-- ,i am often heard in parliamentary debates4 ,retail me1 and ,i am the seat of all affections and passions2 retail me again1 and ,i am your near neighbour when seated round the fireside4 ,answer3 ,hear1 heart1 hearth4 ,i am a disagreeable noise4 ,retail me1 and ,i help to express an agreeable sound2 retail me again1 and ,i am sullied and soiled4 ,answer3 ,din1 ding 7ding1 dong1 the sound of bells71 dingy4 ,i am an earl famous in ,scottish story4 ,retail me1 and ,i am used for manure2 once more1 and expect stormy weather4 ,answer3 ,mar1 marc 7refuse of fruit and seeds from which the oil has been pressed71 ,march4 ,i am a plant and its fruit4 ,retail me1 and ,i am a well-known fruit2 retail me again1 and ,i am a gem4 ,answer3 ,pea1 pear1 pearl4 ,i am of great warmth4 ,retail me1 ,i am bleak and barren2 retail me again1 and ,i am a pagan4 ,answer3 ,heat1 heath1 heathen4 ,,anagrams4 ,the inversion or transposition of the letters of a word or sentence to form a new word or phrase is an anagram4 ,this is indeed a literary amusement which will extend the intellect and quicken the thinking powers of all ingenious riddlers who seek to excel in this mental pastime4 ,in past ages it engaged the attention of statesmen and divines1 and many wise and witty persons have devoted their leisure hours to this exercise of ingenuity4 ,the term anagram1 in its proper sense1 means the letters of one or several words written backwards1 being derived from two ,greek words ana 7backwards7 and gramma 7letter74 ,thus the word live would form its anagram--evil2 but the term anagram is now used in the wider sense in which we explained it4 ,our young friends must not be discouraged at their first attempts in forming anagrams--their anagrams may have little merit1 crude efforts seldom have much to recommend them--but perseverance here1 as elsewhere1 will be rewarded4 ,the true merit of an anagram springs from an apt association of ideas1 and a close relation between the transposed words and the original from which they are derived4 ,this involves much practice1 great thought1 and an infinitude of patience1 but is productive of real enjoyment4 ,the father of the ,earl of ,beaconsfield1 ,isaac ,d',israeli1 devoted a chapter in his ,curiosities of ,literature to a consideration of the anagrams which he had met with in his wonderful research4 ,the chapter should be read by all who wish to excel in these literary exercises1 and from it we have selected a few of the choice specimens recorded therein3-- ,charles ,james ,stuart--claims ,arthur's seat1 ,james ,stuart--a just master4 ,an eccentric dame in the reign of ,charles ,i4 believed herself to be gifted with the spirit of prophecy1 but as her prophesies were usually against the ,government of the day1 she was eventually brought by them into the ,court of the ,high ,commission4 ,she based her claim as prophetess upon an anagram she had formed on her name3 ',eleanor ,davies--,reveal1 ,o ,daniel4' ,this anagram was imperfect1 as it had one l too many1 and the letter s was omitted1 but it satisfied her4 ,the bishops reasoned with her out of the ,scriptures to no avail1 but one of the ,deans of ,arches vanquished her with her own weapons4 ,he took a pen and hit upon this excellent anagram1 ',dame ,eleanor ,davies--,never so mad a ladie4' ,an anagram on the late ,princess ,charlotte1 daughter of ,george ,,iv41 is also considered worthy of record3-- ,princess ,charlotte ,augusta of ,wales1 transformed into ,p4,c41 her august race is lost4 ,o fatal news4 ,the elder ,d',israeli had a keen perception and a thorough appreciation of the points in a good anagram4 ,if this is hereditary1 the younger ,disraeli1 the late ,prime ,minister of ,england1 no doubt appreciated the ingenuity of the opponent who converted his title into a stinging comment on the result of the general election of #ahhj3-- ,the ,earl of ,beaconsfield--,self-fooled2 can he bear it8 ,the names of celebrated men and women of the present day1 and those who have come down to us in the pages of history offer a wide field for the young riddler4 ,the following are samples1 new and old1 of this species of anagram1 which we have collected from various sources1 in the hope that they may incite our young friends to fresh exertions3-- ,louis ,napoleon--,ape no lion1 ,soul4 ,lord ,monteagle 7he who gave information of the ,gunpowder ,plot7--,go1 tell no dream4 ,horatio ,nelson--,lo6 nation's hero4 ,a better one than this was composed by ,dr4 ,burney-- ,honor est a ,nilo--,his honor is from the ,nile4 ,marie ,antoinette--,tear it1 men2 ,i atone4 ,selina1 ,countess of ,huntingdon--,see1 sound faith clings to no nun4 ,james ,watt--,wait steam 7the ',j' being converted into ',i'74 ,lord ,palmerston--,so droll1 pert man4 ,william ,ewart ,gladstone--,a man to wield great wills4 ,leon ,gambetta--,able man to get4 ,florence ,nightingale--,cling on1 feeling heart4 ,the ,marquis of ,lansdowne--,landowner1 oft squeamish4 ,alfred ,tennyson1 poet laureate--,neat sonnet or deep tearful lay4 ,it will be noticed that several of the examples that we have given are particularly apt1 anagramatically describing some special feature in connection with the person selected for experiment4 ,the names of flowers1 birds1 c41 can be treated in like manner and afford much amusement4 ,for instance1 who would recognise ,the calceolaria when transformed into ,eat coal1 ,charlie1 or the ,geranium1 ,ear in mug1 the ,heliotrope1 ,hit or elope8 ,bird-fanciers would be at a loss to discover ,the nightingale in ,high gale in tent1 or ,the turtle dove in the words ,eve1 let truth do4 ,and if we turn to ,natural ,history fresh illustrations abound--,cool'd rice effectually disguises that carnivorous reptile the ,crocodile4 ,,word ,,squares4 ,this is a form of word puzzle which has only to be known to become widely popular1 demanding ingenuity and patience of no common order before it is mastered4 ,on first setting out we will confine ourselves to words of four letters4 ,each line of words from left to right and downwards must form the same word4 ,one example will clearly show our meaning4 --------- #a ,m ,e ,a ,d #b ,e ,d ,g ,e #c ,a ,g ,u ,e #d ,d ,e ,e ,d --------- #a #b #c #d ,these letters being read from left to right and downwards1 the first row and the first column will be found to form the same word2 the second row and the second column the same2 and so on4 ,this is the basis of the puzzle4 ,it requires some research to select the fitting words1 when words of four letters only are used1 but when words of five letters are employed we are more puzzled2 with words of six letters our perplexities increase1 and upon proceeding to higher numbers we are almost prompted to be content with what has already been attained4 ,but difficulty is the great charm to the true riddler1 who finds the construction of riddles to be a whetstone of patience1 as ,camden aptly named it years ago4 ,in propounding these puzzles the synonyms only of the different words out of which the puzzle squares are to be formed are to be supplied1 and care must be taken in the selection of the words that they are of the same number of letters4 ,the following illustration will assist to make our meaning clear3-- #a4 ,compensations 7,amends74 #b4 ,a favourite 7,minion74 #c4 ,to assist 7,enable74 #d4 ,to eat sparingly 7,nibble74 #e4 ,a coin 7,dollar74 #f4 ,sarcasms 7,sneers74 ------------- #a ,a ,m ,e ,n ,d ,s #b ,m ,i ,n ,i ,o ,n #c ,e ,n ,a ,b ,l ,e #d ,n ,i ,b ,b ,l ,e #e ,d ,o ,l ,l ,a ,r #f ,s ,n ,e ,e ,r ,s ------------- #a #b #c #d #e #f ,the riddler has to puzzle out the answers of the six words1 and write down the answers as shown in the accompanying diagram1 always being careful to see that the words1 when written out1 are the same in the columns and rows of the corresponding numbers4 ,this illustration will completely let our readers into the mysteries of word squares1 and we will now give a few specimens selected from a large quantity which have come under our notice4 ,four letters4 7#a7 ,a river in ,oxfordshire ,,isis 7#b7 ,a portion of our body ,,side 7#c7 ,a thought ,,idea 7#d7 ,a chair ,,seat 7#a7 ,a very common male ,christian name ,,john 7#b7 ,a river in the ,united ,states ,,ohio 7#c7 ,the noise of a serpent ,,hiss 7#d7 ,a portion of the human face ,,nose 7#a7 ,my first has regal powers to sway1 ,,king 7#b7 ,is worshipped as my second1 in a way2 ,,idol 7#c7 ,in harmony my third is sweet and clear2 ,,note 7#d7 ,my fourth 'midst hills is ever near4 ,,glen ,five letters4 7#a7 ,a period of time ,w ,e ,e ,k ,s 7#b7 ,a very common female name ,e ,l ,l ,e ,n 7#c7 ,to avoid by artifice or stratagem ,e ,l ,u ,d ,e 7#d7 ,a small anchor ,k ,e ,d ,g ,e 7#e7 ,a contemptuous contortion of face ,s ,n ,e ,e ,r ,six letters4 7#a7 ,a poetical name for old ,england ,a ,l ,b ,i ,o ,n 7#b7 ,a ,portuguese province in ,africa ,l ,o ,a ,n ,d ,a 7#c7 ,a town in ,east ,prussia ,b ,a ,r ,t ,e ,n 7#d7 ,something aimed at or designed ,i ,n ,t ,e ,n ,t 7#e7 ,a town in ,denmark ,o ,d ,e ,n ,s ,e 7#f7 ,a town in ,france ,n ,a ,n ,t ,e ,s ,,birds1 ,,fruits1 ,,and ,,flowers ,,enigmatically ,,expressed4 ,little difficulty will be experienced in the construction or solution of this simple form of enigma4 ,it will1 however1 be found to possess a charm all its own1 which will add greatly to the mirth and gaiety of the social circle4 ,the following examples will let our readers into the whole secret of this pleasant pastime3-- ,birds4--,what a severe attack of quinsey prohibits you from doing4 ,ans4--,swallow4 ,an architect well known to fame4 ,ans4--,wren4 ,a portion of a whole1 and a continued range of hills4 ,ans4--,part-ridge4 ,what a coward does in the hour of danger4 ,ans4--,quail4 ,equality1 and a state of utter decay4 ,ans4--,par-rot4 ,a monarch1 and a toiler of the seas4 ,ans4--,king-fisher4 ,fruits4--,a vowel1 and a cooking apparatus4 ,ans4--,o-range4 ,to give way to anxiety and sorrow4 ,ans4--,pine4 ,the greatest crime in a school-boy's calendar4 ,ans4--,peach4 ,the colour of growing herbage1 and a challenge4 ,ans4--,green-gage4 ,flowers4--,the title of one of ,macaulay's ,lays1 and the name of one of the public funds4 ,ans4--,virginia ,stock4 ,what a good conscience gives to its possessor4 ,ans4--,heart's-ease4 ,an ,irish vehicle1 and a people who live under one government4 ,ans4--,car-nation4 ,what honey is1 and the name of more than one king4 ,ans4--,sweet-william4 ,a religious devotee1 and a babe's head gear4 ,ans4--,monk-hood4 ,a noted ,quaker1 and a handy article of dress4 ,ans4--,fox-glove4 ,,rebuses4 ,dr4 ,johnson and succeeding dictionary makers give as the meaning of the word ,rebus1 a word represented by a picture2 but we need not go further than its literal translation1 by things1 to arrive at a true idea of this enigma4 ,the ,rebuses with which we are now about to concern ourselves will be formed by a series of objects 7things7 which1 when taken as a whole1 will be found to complete the riddle4 ,this is a pastime in which many of our great men have taken delight4 ,lord ,macaulay is to be credited with the following3-- ,here's plenty of water you'll all of you say1 7c7 ,sea ,and1 minus the h1 a thing used every day1 7a7 ,hay ,and here is nice beverage1 put them together2 7t7 ,tea ,what is it1 with claws1 but with never a feather8 ,,cat4 ,we doubt whether this was one of the historian's first efforts1 for every endeavour must have a beginning1 and this rebus bears the marks of a practised hand4 ,subjoined are further examples of the ,rebus enigma3-- a ,a gatherer of honey2 b a form of supplication2 c a fruit2 d a bird2 e a title2 f a fish oft found on the breakfast-table2 g one of ,ireland's emblems2 h a forest tree2 i a county in the north of ,england4 ,if these words you rightly puzzle out1 ',twill prove you know what you're about ,join their initials1 'twill produce a word ,which if applied to you would be absurd4 ,answer3 a ,bee2 b ,litany2 c ,orange2 d ,canary2 e ,king2 f ,haddock2 g ,emerald2 h ,ash2 i ,durham4--,,blockhead4 7a7 ,the flower that vies in beauty with the rose2 7b7 ,an emblem of peace2 7c7 ,a dark blue flower1 with green leaves1 which blooms in shelter2 7d7 ,the sweet briar will recall my name4 ,these joined together1 as above1 ,the word will surely rhyme with dove4 ,answer3 a ,lily2 b ,olive2 c ,violet2 d ,eglantine4--,,love4 ,first in the path of ,duty1 7,d7 ,and ranking first in ,art1 7,a7 ,foremost in ,virtue and in ,vice1 7,v7 ,leading all in ,immortality1 7,i7 ,and foremost in ,devotion4 7,d7 ,pore over these with studious care1 ,a kingly name is hidden there4 ,answer3 ,,david4 ,eleven letters ,i contain2 ,and if you now would find the same1 ,know that a figment of the brain ,will straightway help you to my name4 ,my #b1 #c1 #f is a human being2 my #d1 #e1 #f is a snare2 my #b1 #c1 #d is a contraction of a girl's name2 my #f1 #g1 #h is a contraction of a boy's name2 my #h1 #aj1 #aa is the name of a weight2 my #aa1 #aj1 #h implies negation2 my #d1 #aj1 #h the past tense of a verb signifying to acquire2 my #b1 #c1 #h is a web of rope yarn2 my #a1 #f1 #aa is a place of entertainment for man and beast2 my #b1 #a1 #f1 #h is the name of an aromatic plant2 my #f1 #g1 #h1 #i1 #aj1 #aa is an immense combination of people4 ,answer3 #a #b #c #d #e #f #g #h #i #aj #aa ,i m a g i n a t i o n4--,,imagination4 ,,arithmorems4 ,the ,arithmorem is1 perhaps1 the most modern of all riddles1 and will1 we anticipate1 be a novelty to many of our readers4 ,in its construction1 figures are substituted for ,roman numerals1 and letters are added to complete the word it is desired to disguise4 ,these letters1 however1 may be1 and indeed should be1 transposed out of their proper order1 so that the solution of the riddle may be the more difficult4 ,for example1 #ed and e1 written as follows1 by substituting the ,roman numerals ,,liv4 for the figures #ed1 give ,,live4 ,that is an ,arithmorem in its first stage and simplest form4 ,our examples will illustrate its fuller development4 ,it must1 however1 be understood that in the solution the words used are to be looked upon only as so many letters and treated accordingly1 as is the case in anagrams4 7#a7 7a7 #fjb and fee 7a handsome structure74 7b7 #bja orant 7a medicine to produce sleep74 7c7 #aeej osage 7to be happy and joyous74 7d7 #eg ten song 7a famous traveller74 7e7 #aea egan 7partaking of a celestial nature74 7f7 #ef stone 7an author or authoress74 7g7 #eef e 7the incarnation of evil74 ,the initials will name a country dear to all lovers of liberty and freedom3-- ,answer3 7a7 #fjb ,d ,c ,i ,i and ,f ,e ,e1 or ,edifice4 #b #f #c #e #d #g #a 7b7 #bja ,c ,c ,i ,o ,r ,a ,n ,t1 ,narcotic4 #d #h #g #e #c #b #a #f 7c7 #aeej ,m ,d ,l ,o ,s ,a ,g ,e1 ,gladsome4 #g #d #b #f #e #c #a #h 7d7 #eg ,l ,v ,i ,i ,t ,e ,n ,s ,o ,n ,g1 ,livingstone4 #a #c #b #d #h #aa #aj #g #i #e #f 7e7 #aea ,c ,l ,i ,e ,g ,a ,n1 ,angelic4 #g #e #f #d #c #a #b 7f7 #ef ,l ,v ,i ,s ,t ,o ,n ,e1 ,novelist4 #e #c #f #g #h #b #a #d 7g7 #eef ,d ,l ,v ,i ,e ,devil4 #a #e #c #d #b --,,england4 ,arithmorems may be elaborated so as to partake of the nature of double acrostics1 as in the next examples3-- 7#b7 7a7 #gea and e pay one 7a book of reference74 7b7 #eej a no go 7a ,venetian mode of conveyance74 7c7 #ajj thy ear 7an amateur sailor74 7d7 #f spoor 7a conditional stipulation74 7e7 #ajej e satan 7an improvised juror74 ,the initials and finals read downwards will name1 the former the country from which the latter assisted a whole nation to emigrate3-- ,answer3 7a7 #gea ,d ,c ,c ,l ,i and ,e ,p ,a ,y ,o ,n ,e1 or ,e ncyclopedi ,a4 7b7 #eej ,d ,l ,a ,n ,o ,g ,o1 ,g ondol ,a4 7c7 #ajj ,c ,t ,h ,y ,e ,a ,r1 ,y achte ,r4 7d7 #f ,v ,i ,s ,p ,o ,o ,r1 ,p rovis ,o4 7e7 #ajej ,m ,l ,e ,s ,a ,t ,a ,n1 ,t alesma ,n4 --,,egypt1 ,,aaron4 7#c7 7a7 #ea and u bath 7a large flat fish74 7b7 #ea a nob 7a name given to persons whose hair is not of a natural colour74 7c7 #e ber 7a part of speech74 7d7 #eea asu ana 7a ,spanish province74 7e7 #bja ran to 7a stupefying drug74 7f7 #ajb r n t 7an acid74 7g7 #bej uoapa 7a town on the ,mexican coast74 ,the initials and finals1 read as before1 will resolve themselves respectively into the name of a well-known town in the ,west ,indies1 and the chief product for which it is celebrated3-- ,answer3 7a7 #ea ,l ,i and ,u ,b ,a ,t ,h1 or ,h alibu ,t4 7b7 #ea ,l ,i ,a ,n ,o ,b1 ,a lbin ,o4 7c7 #e ,v ,,ber1 ,v er ,b4 7d7 #eea ,d ,l ,i ,a ,s ,u ,a ,n ,a1 ,a ndalusi ,a4 7e7 #bja ,c ,c ,i ,,ranto1 ,n arcoti ,c4 7f7 #ajb ,c ,i ,i ,,rnt1 ,n itri ,c4 7g7 #bej ,c ,c ,l ,,uoapa1 ,a capulc ,o4 --,,havanna1 ,,tobacco4 ,without giving the full details1 as above1 showing how the puzzles are to be worked out1 we will now give some examples of ,arithmorems which form the names of persons who have1 in their different ways of life1 made those names illustrious and honoured4 ,afterwards will be found the titles of books1 names of birds1 beasts1 and fishes4 ,these various examples will show what a vast source of entertainment is here disclosed for the display of wit1 ingenuity1 and knowledge4 #a4--a1jea and run the tar4 ,is honoured as a reformer4 #b4--eej after the rage4 ,is honoured as a kingly king4 #c4--a1bea shout brush rope4 ,is honoured as a discoverer4 #d4--ajb no east warns4 ,is honoured as a mathematician4 #e4--gja ,h4 larks seen4 ,is honoured as a novelist4 #f4--aej hat1 robe or tent4 ,is honoured as a novelist 7lady74 #g4--eej ,yes1 fear not1 n4n4 ,is honoured as a poet4 #h4--a1ejf ,ad hue4 ,is honoured as an historian4 ,,answers4 #a ,martin ,luther1#b ,alfred the ,great1 #c ,christopher ,columbus1 #d ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 #e ,charles ,dickens1 #f ,charlotte ,bronte1 #g ,alfred ,tennyson1 #h ,david ,hume4 ,puzzles4 ,answers4 #aja and ,or burn nose so4 ,robinson ,crusoe4 #feg ,few fear oak4 ,vicar of ,wakefield4 #a1eeb ,ah6 for that one4 ,heart of ,midlothian4 #aea ,a pen4 ,pelican4 #a1jja ,pat rang1 ,ptarmigan4 #a1ajj ,roar not4 ,cormorant4 #ej ,a pet one4 ,antelope4 #eej ,opera4 ,leopard4 #a1ejj ,or ye dar4 ,dromedary4 #aje ,no hay4 ,anchovy4 #b ,bet what4 ,whitebait4 #fea ,harp4 ,pilchard4 #ej ,on port lent a hoy4 ,anthony ,trollope4 #eea ,in jam is bee ran4 ,benjamin ,disraeli4 #e ,cors nil ort mem4 ,mortimer ,collins #aja ,sink oil well4 ,wilkie ,collins4 #ajj ,nor real meat fry4 ,florence ,marryat4 #aje ,to pay more rent4 ,coventry ,patmore4 #a1ejj ,for jaunty he on sea4 ,james ,anthony ,froude4 ,it will afford a capital exercise in the use of the ,roman numerals if our young readers will amuse themselves by working out the details of the solutions of the aforesaid puzzles and answers4 ,,diamond ,,puzzles ,,and ,,word ,,puzzles ,,of ,,various ,,shapes4 ,these puzzles are formed upon the same general principle as described in ,word ,squares4 ,the peculiarity of the different puzzles is disclosed in the names1 and we will proceed by giving one example of each4 ,the ,diamond ,puzzle is arranged by selecting letters or words that may be set forth in the shape of a diamond1 thus3-- ,puzzle4 ,answer4 #a4--;,a letter that is both vowel and consonant4 ,w #b4--;,a ,jewish tribe4 d,an #c4--;,a ,trojan woman4 he,len #d4--;,a character in ,guy ,mannering4 ber,tram #e4--;,a ,grecian hero4 agam,emnon #f4--;,a novelist and poet4 walte,rscott #g4--;,a character in ,the ,tempest4 seba,stian #h4--;,a character in ,love's ,labour's ,lost4 mer,cade #i4--;,effervescence4 fr,oth #aj4--;,a letter of the ,greek alphabet4 e,ta #aa4--;,a consonant4 ,t ,the central letters read downwards or horizontally name a great novelist and poet--,walter ,scott4 ,the following is an example of a ,diagonal ,puzzle3-- ,puzzle4 ,answer4 #a4--,my first is a ticket4 ,labe,l #b4--,my second is a voice in music4 t,en,or #c4--,my third is a water-bird4 di,ver #d4--,my fourth is an expensive ornament4 j,ew,el #e4--,my last is a sharp instrument1 useless to boys1 ,razo,r but often longed for by boys4 ,read from left to right1 diagonally1 and vice vers1 as shown by the capital letters1 and discover the names of two ,irish writers of rollicking humour--,lever and ,lover4 ,the ,conical ,puzzle is arranged in this manner3-- ,puzzle4 ,answer4 #a4--;,a consonant4 ,b #b4--;,an ,english river4 w,ye #c4--;,an island builder4 co,ral #d4--;,furrows cut by a tool4 gro,oves #e4--;,a lover's message4 vale,ntine ,the central letters read downwards as in the ,diamond ,puzzle will give the name of one of ,england's greatest poets--,byron4 ,the next example is of an ,oblique ,puzzle3-- ,puzzle4 ,answer4 #a4--,malicious retaliation4 ,r evenge4 #b4--;,a musical term4 ,o ctave4 #c4--;,an ecclesiastical assembly4 ,s ynod4 #d4--;,a ,scottish river near ,elgin4 ,s pey4 #e4--,the pen's close companion4 ,i nk4 #f4--;,a negative4 ,n o4 #g4--;,a personal pronoun4 ,i4 ,the initials form the name of a celebrated composer of music--,rossini4 ,the next form given is ,pyramidal3 ,puzzle4 ,answer4 #a4--;,a consonant ,i serve to name1 ,p #b4--;,a portion of the human frame1 e,ye #c4--;,a title of nobility1 ba,ron #d4--,similitude behold in me1 par,able #e4--;,a town that may in ,wales be found1 beau,maris #f4--,with blood ,i ever do abound1 sangu,ineous #g4--;,and ,i an ,english town proclaim4 barnar,dcastle ,in ,durham you may find the same4 ,now take the centres1 which are meant ,to tell you what ,i represent--,pyramid4 ,the last form we give is that of a ,cross3-- ,a female name4 a,my ,hostility4 w,ar ,metal4 o,re ,partaken of food4 a,te ,the mind satisfied by evidence4 conv,inced ,a contract4 inde,nture ,equidistant4 ,para,llels ,the official residence of a consul4 cons,ulate ,food consumed4 a,te ,a pronoun4 s,he ,a beverage4 t,ea ,a period of time4 e,ra ,the central letters give the name of a reformer--,martin ,luther4 ,,cryptography4 ,this word1 being derived from the ,greek1 cryptos1 a secret1 and graphein1 to write1 almost explains itself4 ,cryptographs are formed by a substitution of one letter for another throughout a sentence1 or by using figures1 signs1 c41 in the place of letters4 ,cryptography as a science is supposed to enter largely into ,state diplomacy1 secret correspondence being maintained by its means with the various ,state officials scattered over the globe4 ,in the commercial world it is a fact that such correspondence is transmitted by telegraph with much saving of labour and money and with perfect secrecy1 each correspondent possessing a key which enables him to translate into plain words and sentences the otherwise unintelligible jumble of signs4 ,the agony column of the daily papers often contains specimens of cryptographic writing1 most mysterious to the general reader1 but plain to those for whom it is intended4 ,it is1 however1 as a means of amusement that ,cryptography here finds a place4 ,the first requisite is to provide ourselves with a key4 ,the following will serve as an example3-- ,a4 ,b4 ,c4 ,d4 ,e4 ,f4 ,g4 ,h4 ,i4 ,j4 ,k4 ,l4 ,m4 #h4 z4 w4 t4 #c4 s4 r4 v4 #d4 p4 n4 m4 l4 ,n4 ,o4 ,p4 ,q4 ,r4 ,s4 ,t4 ,u4 ,v4 ,w4 ,x4 ,y4 ,z4 a4 #e4 e4 i4 o4 u4 f4 #b4 h4 #f4 g4 x4 d4 ,shakspere's ,seven ,ages will then read thus3-- #hmm fv#c #feomtu #h uf#hr#c1 #h;at #hmm fv#c l#c;a #h;at #fel#c;a l#co#cmx em#hx#cou4 fv#cx v#h;h#c fv#cdo #c;g#d;fu #h;at fv#cdo #c;afo#h;aw#cu1 #h;at #e;a#c l#h;a #d;a v#du f#dl#c em#hxu l#h;ax e#hofu1 v#du #hwfu z#cd;ar u#c;h#c;a #hr#cu4 ,in the solution of this and kindred puzzles the student should examine very carefully to find out the letters1 figures1 or signs that most often recur--they will be found to stand for t1 s1 and the vowels1 and as soon as these letters are discovered the translation is easy4 ,we will vary the key1 and still this suggestion will hold good4 ,a4 ,b4 ,c4 ,d4 ,e4 ,f4 ,g4 ,h4 ,i4 ,k4 ,l4 ,m4 e4 k4 w4 m4 t4 b4 c4 o4 a4 s4 r4 f4 ,n4 ,o4 ,p4 ,r4 ,s4 ,t4 ,u4 ,v4 ,w4 ,y4 s4 l4 i4 y4 d4 n4 h4 j4 p4 g4 ,a few lines from ,byron's ,childe ,harold will then read thus3-- ,notflysadhieceasnotmtpgflys1 ,panokytenoerraswtsdtesmpanowottserrkrll f4 ,rehcoascnotwrlhmdepegpanoiregbhrdwlys1 ,esmrajascedabteynowlsneas'mslnlfk1 ,esmcrlpascasnlmeg4 99 99 99 99 99 ,below is a love letter1 which requires much deciphering1 but which is followed by a translation3-- ,h4 #bj cwt41 ,half ,moon1 ,,most ,,expensive ,,helper1 ,initial walking month4 ,a small obligated beefsteak headcovering the pawnbroker's purchase #f exclamation timepiece correctly4 ,myself design taking thee #b the dried grass place-of-sale house of amusement #b the ocean testament-myself-the-thigh-shiver-pointe d weapons pastime of a village4 ,with kind ,cupid1 ,myself cured pork always thine1 ,,male ,,cat ,,donkey4 ,,translation4 ,hoverton ,crescent1 ,,dearest ,,ada1 #ast ,march4 ,we must meet at uncle's by #f o'clock precisely4 ,i intend taking you to the ,haymarket ,theatre to see ,william ,shakspere's play of ,hamlet4 ,with kind love1 ,i am1 ever yours1 ,,thomas4 ,,chronograms4 ,a chronogram is a sentence or inscription in which occur words1 containing1 as initial letters or otherwise1 letters that represent the ,roman numerals4 ,in some chronograms the initial letters only are counted as forming the solution of the puzzle1 but in others all the letters contained which may be used as ,roman numerals are taken into account4 ,history supplies us with many first-rate chronograms2 in fact1 it was once the custom to strike medals with chronogrammatic sentences1 in which the date of the occasion commemorated was set forth by the initial letters of the superscription4 ,queen ,elizabeth died in the year #afjc1 and the following chronogram relating to that event has come down to us3-- ,my ,day ,is ,closed ,in ,immortality4 ,the initial letters of this sentence are ,m #ajjj2 ,d #ejj2 ,i #a2 ,c #a #b #c #d #ajj2 ,i #a2 and ,i #a2 or1 ,,mdciii #afjc4 #e #f ,gustavus ,adolphus1 ,sweden's great hero1 commemorated one of his victories1 obtained in the year #afcb1 by a medal on which was struck the following chronogrammatical inscription3-- ,c h r ,i s t ,v s ,d ,v ,x2 ergo ,t r ,i ,v ,m p h ,v s4#c #c #f #d #b #d #e #f #d #a #d ,in this chronogram all the letters representing the ,roman numerals have been brought into use1 which arranged in the order set forth by the figures printed beneath them1 read as ,,mdc #afjj2 ,,vvvv or #d #e #bj2 ,x #aj2 and ,,ii or #a #b #b2 or1 #afcb4 ,these illustrations afford a fair insight into the construction and design of the ,chronogram proper4 ,a few illustrations of this riddle in its more modern form now follow3-- ,write one thousand down1 quite plain1 ,then half of two1 then add again ,fifty and one's final letter2 ,you can then do nothing better ,than1 after every evening meal1 ,walk the distance ,i reveal4 ,answer3 ,m 7#a1jjj71 ,i 7half of two71 ,l 7fifty71 ,e 7on,e's final letter7--,,mile ,after supper walk a mile4--,old ,english ,proverb4 ,puzzle4 ,answer4 ,a famous ,english warrior duke1 ,,marlborough4 ,whose battles are renowned2 ,a celebrated admiral1 ,,drake4 ,who first the globe sailed round2 ,a navigator who was killed ,,cook4 ,by savage treachery2 ,a noted voyager who first ,,cabot4 ,america did see2 ,a sailor second in command ,,collingwood4 ,in great ,trafalgar's fight2 ,the vessel in which ,nelson fell1 ,,victory4 ,in his struggle for the right4 ,the initials of these six words take1 ,and place them side by side2 ,then they will name1 as thus arranged1 ,the year when ,nelson died4 ,answer3 ,m #a1jjj2 ,d #ejj2 ,,ccc #cjj2 ,v #e2 or1 #ahje4 ,to half-a-dozen add six1 and to the result add five hundred4 ,the whole will represent a word signifying clear1 lucid1 bright1 or glowing4 ,answer3 7,half-a-dozen71 ,,vi2 7six71 ,,vi2 7five hundred71 ,d2 or1 ,,vivid2 or1 ,vivid4 ,puzzle4 ,answer4 ,a poet who in blindness wrote ,,milton4 ,his work of greatest fame2 ,another who1 in ,charles's reign1 ,,dryden4 ,did make himself a name2 ,then he who's often ,father called ,,chaucer4 ,of our ,english poetry2 ,the far ,west claims this modern bard1 ,,longfellow4 ,so rich in symphony2 ,the scolding wife of ,socrates1 ,,xantippe4 ,her name you surely know2 ,the ,prince of ,latin poets last1 ,,virgil4 ,we call on you to show4 ,the initials of these names you'll find ,in order written down1 ,will give the date in which the ,plague ,did rage in ,london town4 ,answer3 ,,mdclxv2 or1 #affe4 ,if from five you take five1 you may leave a word denoting contempt or dislike4 ,answer3 ,,five2 ,v 7or #e7 taken away1 leaves ,,fie1 or fie6 ,one thousand two hundred and nothing and one1 ,transposed1 give a word expressive of fun4 ,answer3 ,m 7one thousand71 ,,cc 7two hundred71 ,o 7nothing71 ,i 7one7 ,m ,c ,c ,c ,o ,i2 or1 ,,comic4 #c #e ,a thousand and fifty and one transpose1 ',twill produce a fruit in ,spain that grows4 ,answer3 ,m 7a thousand71 ,l 7fifty71 and ,,one2 or1 ,m ,l ,o ,n ,e transposed4 #a #c #d #e #b ,,logograms4 ,as its name implies1 a logogram is a puzzle in which a word is made to undergo several transpositions1 by the addition1 subtraction1 reversion of order1 or substitution of a letter or letters4 ,to ,lord ,macaulay we are indebted for some of the choicest specimens of this class of word puzzling4 ,one of his logograms has been selected1 and is given here1 because it so clearly displays all the peculiarities of this class of riddle1 and because it is also such a marvel of ingenuity and skill1 and at the same time is so happily expressed4 ,cut off my head1 how singular ,i act6 ,cut off my tail1 and plural ,i appear2 ,cut off my head and tail--most curious fact6 ,although my middle's left1 there's nothing there6 ,what is my head1 cut off8 ,a sounding sea6 ,what is my tail1 cut off8 ,a flowing river6 ,amid their mingling depths ,i fearless play1 ,parent of softest sounds1 though mute for ever4 ,the answer is1 ,cod2 and every line reveals a fresh play upon the word4 ,cut off its head1 and it is od 7odd71 singular2 its tail1 and it is plural1 ,co4 7the abbreviation for ,company72 cut off its head and tail1 and it is ,o 7nothing72 the head cut off1 is a sounding ,sea 7,c72 its tail1 a flowing river--,dee 7,d74 ,amid their 7the sea and the ,dee7 depths the ,cod may play1 parent of softest sounds 7the air bladder of the cod1 a favourite delicacy to many71 yet mute for ever4 ,charles ,james ,fox1 the history of whose early life has been written by ,mr4 ,g4 ,o4 ,trevelyan1 is to be credited with the following clever logograph3-- ,what is pretty and useful1 in various ways2 ,though it tempts some poor mortals to shorten their days2 ,take one letter from it1 and then will appear ,what youngsters admire every day in the year2 ,take two letters from it1 and then1 without doubt1 ,you are what that is1 if you don't find it out4 ,answer3 ,glass1 ,lass1 ,ass4 ,our next example is rather a long one1 but claims a place of honour wherever logograms are treated4 ,this was also written by ,lord ,macaulay4 ,come1 let us look close at it3 'tis a very ugly word2 ,one that should make us shudder whenever it is heard2 ,it may not be always wicked1 but it must be aways bad1 ,and speaks of sin and suffering enough to make one sad4 ,folks say it is a compound word1 and that is very true2 ,but then they decompose it1 which of course they're free to do4 ,but why of the twelve letters should they take off the first three1 ,and leave the nine remaining1 as sad as they can be8 ,for while they seem to make it less1 in fact they make it more1 ,and let the brute creation in1 that was left out before4 ,let's see if we can't mend it2 'tis possible we may1 ,if only we divide it in some newer-fashioned way4 ,suppose1 instead of three and nine1 we make it four and eight2 ,you'll say1 '',twill make no difference--at least1 not very great4' ,yet only see the consequence2 that's all that needs be done ,to change the weight of sadness to unmitigated fun4 ,it clears off swords and pistols1 conscriptions1 bowie knives1 ,and all the horrid weapons by which people lose their lives4 ,the native voice of merriment's compressed into one word1 ,which chases away sorrow whenever it is heard4 ,yes1 four and eight1 my friends1 let that be yours and mine1 ,though all the host of demons may exult in three and nine4 ,answer3 ,man-slaughter1 ,slaughter1 ,man's-laughter4 ,the next specimen we give is by ,william ,pitt1 first ,earl of ,chatham4 ,to discover the name that my verse would express ,a letter you'll first from the alphabet guess2 ,which letter1 by this may be easily known1 ,its shape is the very reverse of your own4 ,my next1 if a fair one too rashly exposes ,a beauteous complexion of lilies and roses1 ,what the beams of the sun will infallibly do ,to deaden their lustre and sully their hue4 ,add to these1 what induces the amorous swain ,to persist in his vows1 though received with disdain4 ,these1 joined all together1 will make up the name ,of a family known in the annals of fame4 ,answer3 ,s-tan-hope 7,stanhope74 ,robert ,b4 ,brough1 the dramatist1 was in early life most sensitive to criticism1 and gave vent to his spleen in this somewhat bitter logogram3-- ,cut off my head1 and you will quickly see ,something disliked by you and me2 ,cut off my tail1 and then it is clear ,the past of a verb will quickly appear2 ,cut off my head and my tail also1 ,you'll have a conjunction then1 ,i trow4 ,whole1 ,i'm an insect1 not over clean1 ,dreaded at picnics in meadows green2 ,to critics1 to publishers1 intimate friends1 ,my name a most delicate piquancy lends2 ,when they smile in their guile1 and hiss as they sing1 ,and hide under flatteries a venomous sting4 ,answer3 ,wasp1 ,asp1 ,was1 ,as4 ,the following words will be found suitable for use in puzzles of this nature3-- ,span4 7,snap1 spa1 asp1 pan1 nap47 ,price4 7,rice1 ice1 rip1 rep47 ,lady4 7,lad1 day1 lay47 ,angel4 7,angle1 glean1 leg1 glen1 lane1 gale1 ,lea47 ,degrade4 7,grade1 dare1 dear1 ear1 are1 dad1 gear47 ,legate4 7,eaglet1 eagle1 gale1 lag1 gat1 get1 let47 ,copper4 7,pope1 ,poe1 ,po1 core47 ,,metagrams4 ,this riddle is formed by changing the initial letter of a particular word again and again1 so as to produce as many words as possible of different meanings4 ,our first example affords a good illustration of the process to be pursued4 ,well known to all as a covering for the head2 ,cap4 ,change my initial1 a doze ,i mean instead4 ,nap4 ,once more1 and an opening you will see2 ,gap4 ,exchange again1 ,i'm found inside a tree4 ,sap4 ,once more1 ,i mean then to befall4 ,hap4 ,again1 ,i'm used by travellers1 one and all4 ,map4 ,again1 in this my mother often nursed me4 ,lap4 ,exchange again1 and this my food would be4 ,pap4 ,again1 and a sharp blow you've spelled4 ,rap4 ,once more1 and a blow that's hardly seen or felt4 ,tap4 ,the following clever ,metagram is from the pages of the ,modern ,sphinx1 a book which contains upwards of a thousand different examples of the various kinds of riddles and puzzles in existence3-- ,there's a word1 you'll agree1 commencing with ,b ,that expresses a cool pleasant shade2 ,,bower4 ,but remove letter ,b and substitute ,c1 ,apprehensively shrinking 'tis made2 ,,cower4 ,take away letter ,c1 replace it by ,d1 ,it will name what's bestowed on a bride2 ,,dower4 ,now if ,d is erased and by ,g replaced1 ,a ,welsh word1 meaning crooked1 is spied2 ,,gower4 ,thus far very well1 now substitute ,l1 ,we are going down now you will say2 ,,lower4 ,letter ,l shall be gone1 and ,m be put on1 ,there's a man cutting grass to make hay2 ,,mower4 ,but when ,m shall have fled put ,p there instead1 ,it will name what is mentioned of steam2 ,,power4 ,pray just now ,p erase1 put ,r in its place1 ,there's a man gliding down with the stream2 ,,rower4 ,but now take ,r away1 put ,s there1 we say1 ,that a farmer at work then it names2 ,,sower4 ,if for ,s you put ,t you surely will name ,a noted place close by the ,thames4 ,,tower4 ,the following is a good specimen metagram3-- ,of letters four1 ,i do denote ,a man of wisdom great1 ,but cooks do often me devote ,to share--alas6--a goose's fate2 ,but change my head1 and then1 instead1 ,part of a book you'll find2 ,and if again ,i'm carefully read1 ,a youth who walks behind2 ,change once again1 and then you will ,a furious passion see1 ,which reason vainly tries to still1 ,keep far removed from me2 ,another change1 and you will then ,see ,i'm remuneration ,earned by all grades of working men ,throughout the ,british nation2 ,but change my head once more1 and then ,a prison ,i appear1 ,from which sweet sounds oft issue forth ,that pleasant are to hear4 ,answer3 ,,sage4 ,,page4 ,,rage4 ,,wage4 ,,cage4 ,below is a list of some words suitable for ,metagrams1 together with the various changes which each word allows3-- ,bear1 ,tear1 ,lear1 ,gear1 ,wear1 ,hear1 ,pear1 ,year1 ,rear1 ,fear1 ,sear1 ,dear1 and ,near4 ,book1 ,cook1 ,hook1 ,look1 ,nook1 ,rook1 ,took4 ,waste1 ,taste1 ,paste1 ,caste1 ,baste4 ,bine1 ,fine1 ,kine1 ,dine1 ,line1 ,mine1 ,nine1 ,pine1 ,vine1 ,wine4 ,bound1 ,found1 ,hound1 ,mound1 ,pound1 ,round1 ,sound1 ,wound4 ,cork1 ,pork1 ,fork1 ,york4 ,dame1 ,fame1 ,game1 ,came1 ,lame1 ,name1 ,same1 ,tame4 ,cake1 ,lake1 ,rake1 ,sake1 ,take1 ,wake4 ,tent1 ,rent1 ,lent1 ,kent1 ,dent1 ,cent1 ,bent4 ,vast1 ,mast1 ,last1 ,fast1 ,cast1 ,past4 ,heather1 ,feather1 ,leather1 ,weather4 ,palter1 ,falter1 ,salter1 ,halter4 ,basket1 ,casket1 ,gasket4 ,,word ,,capping4 ,word puzzles under this name are to be found in some old riddle books1 but such puzzles are now usually known1 and have been here described under the more modern name of ,metagrams4 7,see previous page47 ,,paragrams4 ,the meaning of ,paragram is a play upon words1 otherwise a pun1 a paragrammatist and a punster being convertible terms4 ,the word ,paragram may further be explained as a word or phrase which admits of a double meaning1 the effectiveness of which consists in the incongruity and consequent humour caused by the word or phrase being used in totally different senses to that customarily attributed to it4 ,punning is only effective when impromptu1 and can hardly be classed among the social round of word puzzles2 but1 on the other hand1 ,paragrams may be constructed which bring out the different meaning of the same word1 giving rise to the exercise of ingenuity1 and at the same time affording fun and amusement4 ,the following illustrations will show in what the peculiarity of ,paragrams consists1 and how far superior as a puzzle ,paragrams are to mere puns3-- ,i strengthen the weak1 ,i cross the wide sea1 ,i frighten the thief1 and ,i grow on a tree4 ,answer3 ,,bark4 ,i am a letter and a word1 ,i am a tree and ,christian name2 ,and should you me in pieces cut ,yourself and act would be the same4 ,weigh this with care1 and then no doubt ,you'll find its simple meaning out4 ,answer3 ,u4 ,,you4 ,,yew4 ,,hugh4 ,,hew4 ,,extractions4 ,as its name implies1 this novel and interesting logogram is formed by extracting from sentences the letters of a word which has been chosen as the key to the word puzzle4 ,its method of construction may be thus simply explained4 ,a certain word is to be selected1 and from the letters only which compose that word1 but repeated as often as found necessary1 an expression of an idea or ideas is to be evolved in one or more sentences4 ,the peculiarity of ,extractions1 wherein they differ from other logograms1 will be found in the ingenuity and skill necessary to be displayed in the choice of a suitable word1 and more particularly in the composition of the diction1 in which the letters of that word shall appear4 ,the following illustration shows how a sentence may be constructed1 solely with the letters which make up the name of an ,english county3-- #a4 ,a great nation is sometimes the gainer in not resorting to arms against its enemies tho' their aim is to mar its interest4--,nottinghamshire4 ,the puzzle is1 of course1 to discover the name of the county4 ,this puzzle may be modified by infusing a clue to its solution in the insertion of words underlined1 which are made up of letters not all comprised in the key word1 thus affording a ready means of discovering the letters which are to be discarded in the search1 and it answers also another good purpose in affording the riddler more scope in composing his sentences4 ,amongst the many illustrations of this style of presentment which have come under our notice we have selected the following amusing one as an example3-- #b4 ,once in a museum at ,milan with my uncle ,ormond and cousins ,malcolm1 ,samuel1 ,simeon1 ,susan1 ,anne1 ,emma1 and ,ellen1 ,i saw in succession1 a lion1 a mule1 an ass1 a mole1 a seal1 a mouse1 and some other animals2 also1 a small case of snails which ,i could smell with my nose4--,the same noon1 we had a nice social meal at an ,inn1 a clean menial serving us with essence of ,cocoa1 luscious melons1 salmon1 soles1 ale1 and moselle2 and we had a musician to amuse us4--,the letters comprising the words not printed in italics are to be found in a single word4 ,what is it8 ,answer4--,miscellaneous4 ,,transpositions4 ,transpositions differ from ,anagrams only in the fact that the letters from the word or words selected are not formed into a sentence or other words4 ,for example3-- ,a ,book and its ,author4--,trdhsedstotevlfwinalohrchtiye hocfutoeeeeo by ,eascepink tap4--which being interpreted reads1 ,what led to the ,discovery of the ,source of the ,nile1 by ,captain ,speke4 ,an ,author and his ,works4 ,accdeehiklnrss ,charles ,dickens4 ,abccehiikllnnosy ,nicholas ,nickleby4 ,arabbdegurny ,barnaby ,rudge4 ,acdddeefiilopprv ,david ,copperfield4 ,acceehiikppprstwk ,the ,pickwick ,papers4 ,cdehhiiloooprssttuy ,the ,old ,curiosity ,shop4 ,a more interesting form of this puzzle is now shown1 in the shape of well-known proverbs changed into other sentences4 ,a rolling stone gathers no moss4 ,strong lion's share almost gone4 ,time and tide wait for no man4 ,i don't admit women are faint4 ,birds of a feather flock together4 ,it rocks1 the broad flag of the free4 ,but as these proverbs are changed into sentences1 they come more properly under the heading of ,anagrams4 ,they are given here1 however1 as in some circles they will be more familiarly known as ,transpositions rather than as ,anagrams4 ,,definitions4 ,the proposition to define ,definitions becomes in itself almost a play upon words1 but we may explain that though ,definitions cannot properly be classed under riddles or word puzzles1 yet they are so much akin to them that they claim a place here1 with ,fireside ,fun1 and will be found useful as a means of providing amusement4 ,this game will necessitate the use of a table1 paper1 and pencil or pen and ink4 ,one of the company proposes a word for definition1 and it is for the rest of the company to write down their idea of the same in a terse1 epigrammatic1 poetic1 or humorous manner4 ,a few specimens will illustrate our meaning4 ,let us suppose the word ,hypocrite to have been chosen1 and the following definitions of the word to have been given in3 the definitions should then be read aloud by some one of the company selected for the purpose4 ,he who strives to seem and not to be2 to whom reputation is everything1 character nothing4 ,a social spoon of polished gilt1 in whom it is only possible to discern distorted reflections of the truth4 ,one who wears virtue's livery for the sake of her wages1 without any intention of doing her work4 ,one who assumes what he has not2 a showman who by a startling outside picture screens the barrenness of the entertainment within4 ,like a sugar-coated pill1 he seeks to hide his true character under an artificial coating4 ,again1 as a contrast1 take ,hero as the selected word to be defined-- ,one whose law is love2 whose master1 duty2 whose armour1 courage1 faith1 and hope2 and who seeks not glory4 ,a victor over ,self--the hardest and the noblest conquest of all1 but one for which the world has no laurel wreath4 ,a nobleman of ,nature1 who has seized his opportunities and displayed the attributes of his race4 ,the true hero is the champion of truth1 the servant of right1 the ruler of himself1 and the sworn foe of all that is ignoble4 ,he who for others sacrifices ,self4 ,he who fears nothing but his own disgrace4 ,he who is stronger than his fellows1 and makes his fellows stronger by his strength4 ,a ,coward4 ,one who does both good and evil at the bidding of fear4 ,he who puts honour in peril1 to take himself out of peril4 ,one who has stopped the ear of manliness with the cotton-wool of ,self4 ,pleasure4 ,the emotion we feel after doing a great and noble action4 ,the jollification overnight1 leaving a headache for the morrow4 ,a ,will o' the wisp1 ever pursued but never overtaken4 ,a false coin1 passed off as happiness4 ,the leader of folly4 ,the sure accompaniment of wisdom4 ,many of the above definitions will be recognised as well-known quotations4 ,other subjects may be started1 such as3--,progress--,rivalry--,nonsense-- ,nothing--,thanks--,regards--,vanity--,r idiculous1 and the game may be varied by combining several of these1 and forming sentences in which each word shall have its due place1 as ,vanity is a disease which preys upon all the good qualities in the human system1 reduces them to an aspect ridiculous in the extreme1 and precludes all ideas of mental progress1 or1 ,nothing gives pleasure in successful rivalry1 if the victory is not honestly won4 ,,inversions4 ,change of order1 a turning backward1 is the dictionary meaning of this term1 and clearly explains the method by which this simple puzzle is constructed4 ,inversions belong to the same genus as the ,logogram1 which has been fully described1 but have their own peculiarities1 as the following examples will plainly show3-- ,two letters which express a superfluity1 ,inverted name a famous ,eastern ,county4 ,answer3 ,,xs 7,excess74 ,,sx 7,essex74 ,invert a title common in ,spain1 ,a mark of recognition you obtain4 ,answer3 ,don1 ,nod4 ,invert a colour1 quiet1 staid1 ,a term for ,poet you have made4 ,answer3 ,drab1 ,bard4 ,invert a sliding box in case or table1 ,you'll find a recompense--it is no fable4 ,answer3 ,drawer1 ,reward4 ,a portion if 'tis backwards read1 ,will prove to be a snare instead4 ,answer3 ,part1 ,trap4 ,,hidden ,,words4 ,this puzzle is very similar in principle to many of the other word puzzles previously described2 but in that it has peculiarities and merits of its own1 we give it a place by itself4 ,it is like in many respects to the old-fashioned word puzzle known as ,discoveries1 indeed1 ,hidden ,words is a modification of and an improvement upon ,discoveries4 ,in the older and now almost obsolete puzzle1 it was the practice for the riddler to propound some sentence in which certain words might be made by piecing together here and there certain letters or combinations of letters formed in the sentence1 and which letters1 when duly pieced together1 would give the designation of some person or persons1 place or places1 or other object4 ,the following is an illustration of the puzzle in question1 and for the better information of the reader the letters to be discovered have been printed in italics2 in the actual puzzle1 however1 it is to be understood that the letters to be discovered are not to be marked in any manner different from the remainder of the text4 ,example3 ,find the name of a great warrior1 and a battle he fought1 in the following sentence3-- ,you are looking quite well since you came from ,brighton2 no doubt the fresh air and sea water were very beneficial to you4 ,answer3 ,wellington1 ,waterloo4 ,in the modification of this puzzle1 which we here treat under the title of ,hidden ,words1 the practice is to so construct the sentence from which the hidden word is to be picked out1 that all the letters forming the word shall be found consecutively and in their proper order4 ,greater care has1 consequently1 to be exercised by the proposer of the riddle1 while1 at the same time1 the difficulty of guessing the answer remains sufficient to make the task worth attempting4 ,the few illustrations following will be useful as examples of the nature of the puzzle4 ,the letters out of which the hidden word is composed are printed in italics1 to make the object of the puzzle clear to all3-- ,i at once rowed over to the opposite side of the river4 ,the hidden word is the name of a seaport town in ,england1 a fashionable sea-side resort1 and a military dept4 ,answer3 ,dover4 ,fear nothing from me1 ,i have no wish to harm you4 ,hidden word is the name of a river in ,italy4 ,answer3 ,arno4 ,hush1 ,ann1 only you need go4 ,the name of one of the largest and most historically celebrated rivers in the ,british ,isles4 ,answer3 ,shannon4 ,is it ham1 especially cooked for me8 ,another large and famous ,british river4 ,answer3 ,thames4 ,i thought it was capital1 your rendering of the character of ,iago4 ,the name of a country of ,europe4 ,answer3 ,italy4 ,will ,i amuse the remaining guests8 ,a ,christian name4 ,answer3 ,william4 ,in the construction of a riddle1 acrostic1 word-puzzle1 or enigma2 caul1 aygreen1 and words like these1 and which are but rarely employed1 are useful for mystification4 ,the name of a celebrated essayist and historian4 ,answer3 ,macaulay4 ,the puzzle of ,hidden ,words is sometimes described under the names of ,hidden ,cities1 ,hidden ,rivers1 ,hidden ,poets1 ,hidden ,countries1 ,battles1 ,events1 and the like4 ,,numbered ,,charades4 ,the ,numbered ,charade is a species of conundrum1 simple in its construction1 but possessing enough point to rivet the attention of all the company as to its probable meaning4 ,it possesses1 too1 a distinguishing characteristic over other riddles1 in the contagious influence it exercises upon all seeking its solution4 ,the riddler's quick wit1 set to work to solve a good ,charade1 may possibly fail in that attempt2 but assuredly the task itself will suggest ideas of words and their arrangement which he may1 in his turn1 announce to the social circle1 and thus keep the ball rolling4 ,this accounts for the great favour in which ,charades are held as a popular source of amusement4 ,a ,charade is an enigmatical composition which describes an object2 the name of this object should be composed of two or more syllables1 each syllable having a separate and different meaning4 ,in announcing the ,charade1 which may be written in prose or verse1 it must be divided into my first 7first syllable72 my second 7second syllable72 my third 7if there are more syllables than two72 and my whole1 which should signify the name of the object of the puzzle4 ,with this explanation we shall present to our readers a selection of examples1 old and new4 ,a poetic ,charade1 by ,winthrop ,mackworth ,praed1 has much merit1 and is noted for the length of time it remained undiscovered4 ,miss ,mitford1 in her ,literary ,recollections1 confesses her inability to solve it1 which was shared by all to whom she had propounded it4 ,sir ,hilary charged at ,agincourt2 ,sooth6 'twas an awful day6 ,and though1 in that old age of sport1 ,the ruffers of the ,camp and ,court ,had little time to pray1 ',tis said that ,sir ,hilary muttered there ,two syllables by word of prayer4 ,my first1 to all the brave and proud1 ,who see to-morrow's sun4 ,my next1 with her cold and quiet cloud1 ,to those who find their dewy shroud ,before the day be done4 ,and both together1 to all bright eyes1 ,that weep when a warrior dies4 ,the answer is supposed to be ,,good ,,night2 good for those who survived2 night1 with her cold and quiet cloud1 falling on the dead2 and a good-night to the fair dames who wept for them4 ,the following amusing four lines of doggerel verse were composed by ,mr4 ,mark ,lemon4 ,they fulfill all the requirements of the ,charade1 and will be appreciated as a slight souvenir of that master of humour1 who so long edited the pages of ,punch3-- ,old ,charlie ,browne1 who a big rogue was reckon'd1 ,was brought up at my first for making my second4 ,he was fined1 and because he no money would pay1 ,had to work with my whole on the ,queen's highway4 ,answer3 ,barrow 7,bar-,row74 ,the eminent statesman1 ,george ,canning1 is responsible for our next4 ,though weak to a proverb my first has been reckoned1 ,the game is so constantly made of my second2 ,yet1 to hosts without number1 my whole bade defiance1 ,and the world stood amazed at the beauteous alliance4 ,answer3 ,waterloo 7,water-,loo74 ,archbishop ,whately thus tersely arranges our next3-- ,my first is equality1 my second1 inferiority2 my whole1 superiority4 ,answer3 ,peerless 7,peer-,less74 ,charles ,james ,fox1 amidst all the cares and anxieties surrounding a great ,parliamentary leader1 found time to indulge his vein of pleasant humour in this fascinating pastime4 ,the following was his composition3-- ,my first is expressive of no disrespect1 ,but ,i never call you by it when you are by2 ,if my second you still are resolved to reject1 ,as dead as my whole ,i shall presently lie4 ,answer3 ,herring 7,her-,ring74 ,the following miscellaneous charades will further explain the great variety of these puzzles1 may in themselves afford amusement1 and will be useful as models on which other charades may be formed4 ,if1 unlike the preceding1 they can claim no particular literary merit1 it is to be hoped that1 as helping forward ,fireside ,fun1 they will be none the less welcome4 ,ride on1 ride on1 thou traveller bold1 ,and cast thy looks on first2 ,see how the tempest clouds do lower1 ,that soon in storm shall burst4 ,ride on1 ride on1 thy second leads ,across the lonely heath1 ,where gibbets tell of darksome deeds1 ,and culprits swing beneath4 ,ride on1 ride on1 my third thou art ,an honest one and true2 ,beware6 a third is lurking near1 ,who would his hands imbrue4 ,ride on1 ride on1 ride for thy life1 ,spur on thy faithful steed1 ,for now my whole thy second bars1 ,nerved for his lawless deed4 ,answer3 ,highwayman4 ,safe on my fair one's arm my first may rest1 ,and raise no tumult in a lover's breast4 ,my second does the want of legs supply1 ,to those that neither creep1 nor walk1 nor fly4 ,my whole's a rival to the fairest toast1 ,and when it's most admired1 it suffers most4 ,answer3 ,muffin 7,muff-,fin74 ,my first is near the dear bright sea1 ,the green waves oft it lave2 ,it glitters in the sunshine1 ,lies in the deep dark cave4 ,my second is quite endless1 ,like the love of which it tells1 ,a bright idealisation ,of ,love's eternal spells4 ,my third1 alas6 to say the truth1 ,suggests a vacant sty4 ,my whole1 a royal residence2 ,now1 prithee1 tell me why4 ,answer3 ,sandringham 7,sand-,ring-,ham74 ,my whole is the very reverse of my second2 ,my first for refreshment is used2 ,and those who have wasted their gifts in my whole1 ,the talents they have1 have abused4 ,answer3 ,inaction 7,inn-,action74 ,my first's the gift of ,mother ,eve2 ,my next's as old as ,adam4 ,joined1 if my meaning you perceive1 ,your humble servant1 ,madame4 ,answer3 ,woman 7,woe-,man74 ,i sent my second to my first1 but many a whole passed before ,i saw him again4 ,answer3 ,season 7,sea-,son74 ,i put up my second round my legs1 swept up my first1 and put my feet on my whole4 ,answer3 ,hearthrug 7,hearth-,rug74 ,my first should be my second1 but ,i would not be my whole4 ,answer3 ,beardless 7,beard-,less74 ,my first monopolises ,dublin's busy highways2 my second is ,love's favourite epithet2 my whole in drawing-rooms is always found4 ,answer3 ,carpet 7,car-,pet74 ,britannia rules my first by means of my second1 in spite of every caprice of my whole4 ,answer3 ,seasons 7,sea-,sons74 ,my first ,i hope you are1 my second ,i see you are1 and my whole ,i know you are4 ,answer3 ,welcome 7,well-,come74 ,my whole is under my second1 and surrounds my first4 ,answer3 ,waistcoat 7,waist-,coat74 ,my first gave us early support2 my second is with virtues endowed2 and my whole is to be found near a farmhouse4 ,answer3 ,milkmaid 7,milk-,maid74 ,,letter ,,or ,,figure ,,charades4 ,in this description of ,charade a word is selected and so arranged that other words may be formed with the different letters4 ,the same letters may be repeated2 but care should be taken that every letter forming the ,charade word be employed4 ,thus1 the word ,telegraph being chosen1 may be arranged in the following manner1 and the ,charade be propounded as follows3-- ,i am a word of nine letters3 a my #a1 #b1 #g is a ,chinese plant2 b my #e1 #f1 #g1 #a1 #b is a fireside requisite2 c my #e1 #f1 #b1 #g1 #a signifies vast2 d my #e1 #f1 #g1 #h1 #d is the name of a luscious fruit2 e my #i1 #d1 #g1 #a signifies warmth2 f my #h1 #d1 #g1 #f is the name of a fruit2 g my #a1 #d1 #g1 #f signifies to rend2 h my #f1 #d1 #g1 #h must be done with corn previously to gathering it in2 i my #e1 #g1 #a1 #i1 #b1 #f is to collect2 j my #h1 #b1 #d1 #c is to pare2 k my #g1 #c1 #b is the name of a malt liquor2 l my #i1 #g1 #c1 #d means hearty2 m my #g1 #h1 #d is an animal2 n my #i1 #d1 #g1 #c is to cure2 o my #c1 #d1 #g1 #h is to jump2 p my #c1 #d1 #e is the name of a human limb2 q my #b1 #d1 #c the name of a fish2 r my #a1 #f1 #g1 #h is the name of an article used to catch vermin2 s my #h1 #d1 #g1 #c is to ring2 and t my whole is a marvellous invention4 ,answer3 a ,tea2 b grate2 c great2 d grape2 e heat2 f pear2 g tear2 h reap2 i gather2 j peel2 k ale2 l hale2 m ape2 n heal2 o leap2 p leg2 q eel2 r trap2 s peal2 t ,,telegraph4 ,one other example of ,letter ,charades is given1 in order to show the vast number of words that can be produced from the letters of one single word3-- ,i am a word of eight letters3 a my #d1 #c1 #e1 #f1 #h is significant of eminence2 b my #g1 #e1 #f1 #h is tidy2 c my #c1 #f1 #d1 #a are untidy2 d it is necessary to frequently practise my #e1 #f1 #h2 e my #g1 #e1 #f1 #c is not distant2 f my #a1 #e1 #f1 #h is a place of rest2 g my #a1 #e1 #c1 #d1 #b is the name of a woollen article2 h my #d1 #b1 #f1 #c is accoutrements2 i my #d1 #f1 #h1 #e is an entrance2 j my #a1 #e1 #h is to fix in position2 k my #a1 #b1 #c1 #e is dry and withered2 l my #a1 #b1 #f is where m my #h1 #f1 #c1 #a live1 and n where bad boys are #a1 #e1 #g1 #h2 o we don't like to #a1 #b1 #e the man call for the p #c1 #b1 #g1 #h and q #c1 #f1 #h1 #e1 #a2 r my #g1 #e1 #h is used by fishers2 s my #h1 #e1 #g is a number2 t my #g1 #e1 #a1 #h is built in spring2 u my #c1 #b1 #a1 #h is needful2 v my #c1 #f1 #h is vermin2 w my #f1 #g1 #h is an insect2 x my #g1 #f1 #d is a useful animal2 y my #e1 #f1 #c is part of the human body2 z my #h1 #e1 #f1 #c1 #a is a sign of sorrow2 aa my #a1 #b1 #f1 #c is to burn1 and bb my whole is an officer of the army4 ,answer3 a ,great2 b neat2 c rags2 d eat2 e near2 f seat2 g serge2 h gear2 i gate2 i set2 k sere2 l sea2 m tars2 n sent2 o see2 p rent2 q rates2 r net2 s ten2 t nest2 u rest2 v rat2 w ant2 x nag2 y ear2 z tears2 aa sear2 bb ,,sergeant4 ,,verbal ,,charades4 ,a ,verbal ,charade is a word made up of letters1 one of which is contained in each of different specified words4 ,the following example will clearly set forth the peculiarity of this ,charade4 ,in the example1 the letters forming the ,charade word are printed in italics3-- ,my first is in lamb1 but is not in sheep2 ,my second in shallow1 but is not in deep2 ,my third is in rat1 but not in a mouse2 ,my fourth is in villa1 but not in a house2 ,my fifth is in love1 but is not in hate2 ,my sixth in a door1 but not in a gate2 ,my seventh's in plant1 but not in a tree1 ,and now my all a ,christian name you'll see4 ,answer3 ,,matilda4 ,of ,verbal ,charades1 the above specimen will be sufficient4 ,puzzles of this nature are evidently easily made1 and from the construction of them by using suitably contrasted words as in the above example1 considerable fun and amusement may be derived4 ,,acrostics4 ,an ,acrostic is a composition in verse1 in which the initial letter of each line1 taken in order1 forms the name of a person1 or of some motto which is the subject of the composition4 ,in the expression of good wishes to friends and relatives1 on birthdays and other festive occasions1 or in the more ardent outpourings addressed to a loved one1 the ,acrostic finds an appropriate place2 but in this collection of word puzzles we prefer to deal with that form of ,acrostic which presents opportunities for the exercise of skill and ingenuity to the riddler4 ,this will be found in the ,double ,acrostic1 and other forms to be mentioned4 ,the ,double ,acrostic may be written either in prose or verse1 the condition being1 that the initials and finals of the words to be guessed make two names or two words of definite and different meanings4 ,the ,prose ,double ,acrostic is the more simple form1 and our first example will be that known as ,the ,windsor ,double ,acrostic1 written by ,queen ,victoria for the amusement of her children4 ,it may interest riddlers to know that ,her ,majesty and the late ,prince ,consort found much pleasure1 and were exceedingly clever in the construction of this kind of riddle3-- #a4 ,a city in ,italy4 #b4 ,a river in ,germany4 #c4 ,a city in the ,united ,states4 #d4 ,a town in ,north ,america4 #e4 ,a town in ,holland4 #f4 ,the ,turkish name for ,constantinople4 #g4 ,a town in ,bothnia4 #h4 ,a city in ,greece4 #i4 ,a circle on the globe4 ,read the initials downwards1 and they form a town in the ,north of ,england3 the finals read upwards indicates what that town is famed for4 #a4 ,n a p l e ,s #b4 ,e l b ,e #c4 ,w a s h i n g t o ,n #d4 ,c i n c i n n a t ,i #e4 ,a m s t e r d a ,m #f4 ,s t a m b o u ,l #g4 ,t o r n e ,a #h4 ,l e p a n t ,o #i4 ,e c l i p t i ,c ,the answer is--,newcastle1 ,coal ,mines4 ,when verse is employed1 it is usual to convey the sense of the whole in a couplet1 preceding the description of the syllables1 thus3-- ',tis murmured in the last adieu1 ,when looks are sad1 and words are few4 #a4 ,the pleasure of a lawyer's life1 ,in deeds and wills the cause of strife4 #b4 ,fill to the brim my drinking-horn ,with this1 and drink to ,barleycorn4 #c4 ,with glass and song until the dawn of day ,the roysterer stays with me1 beguiling time away4 #d4 ,my fourth and last you'll find to be ,the title of a nobleman of high degree4 ,answer3 ,fare ,well4 #a ,fla,w1 #b ,al,e1 #c ,reve,l1 #d ,ear,l4 ,an ingenious riddler has devised the following fantastic conceit upon this form of riddle1 in which the letters beginning the lines spell a word1 while the letters ending the lines form another word of exactly opposite meaning2 and in doing this he has cleverly contrived to make this striking contrast the subject of his composition3-- ,u nite and untie are the same--so say yo,u4 ,n ot in wedlock1 ,i ween1 has this unity bee,n2 ,i n the drama of marriage each wandering go,t ,t o a new face would fly--all except you and ,i2 ,e ach seeking to alter the spell in their scen,e4 ,a few examples of the simple prose ,double ,acrostics may prove serviceable in initiating our readers into the mysteries of this word puzzle1 and to this end the following are selected3-- #a4 ,a defamatory satire4 #b4 ,a town in ,portugal4 #c4 ,a word poetically endowed with its thousand ears4 #d4 ,a wood nymph4 #e4 ,severe pain in the inward parts4 #f4 ,name of a political party in the ,state4 #g4 ,a creeper4 #h4 ,a mask4 #i4 ,a title4 ,the initials and finals form the names and titles of two of ,britain's heroes1 both of whom derived fame from exploits achieved in ,india4 #a4 ,l i b e ,l #b4 ,o p o r t ,o #c4 ,r u m o u ,r #d4 ,d r y a ,d #e4 ,c o l i ,c #f4 ,l i b e r a ,l #g4 ,i v ,y #h4 ,v i z a r ,d #i4 ,e s q u i r ,e ,answer3 ,lord ,clive1 ,lord ,clyde4 #a4 ,a city of ,lombardy4 #b4 ,signifying unfinished4 #c4 ,a famous loch in ,scotland4 #d4 ,an empire of ,europe4 #e4 ,what unmarried ladies long for4 #f4 ,signifying uncovered4 ,the initials read downwards and the finals upwards1 will reveal two celebrated poets4 #a4 ,m i l a ,n #b4 ,i n c o m p l e t ,e #c4 ,l o m o n ,d #d4 ,t u r k e ,y #e4 ,o f f e ,r #f4 ,n a k e ,d ,answer3 ,milton1 ,dryden4 #a4 ,by ,apollo was my first made4 #b4 ,a shoemaker's tool4 #c4 ,an ,italian patriot4 #d4 ,a tropical fruit4 ,the initials and finals read downwards give the name of a graceful writer of essays1 and the nom de plume by which he was first known to fame4 #a4 ,l y r ,e #b4 ,a w ,l #c4 ,m a z z i n ,i #d4 ,b a n a n ,a ,answer3 ,lamb1 ,elia4 #a4 ,a writer of a book prophetic4 #b4 ,singular1 but not otherwise odd4 #c4 ,a joke that does not always end in mirth4 #d4 ,a mother-in-law deeply loved by her son's widow4 #e4 ,a law1 hostile to woman's rights4 #f4 ,the name of an ancient ,german emperor and modern king of ,greece4 #g4 ,a rare old man4 ,the initials and finals give the name of a scholar of profound learning1 and the work by which he is best known4 #a4 ,j o e ,l #b4 ,o n ,e #c4 ,h o a ,x #d4 ,n a o m ,i #e4 ,s a l i ,c #f4 ,o t h ,o #g4 ,n o n a g e n a r i a ,n ,answer3 ,johnson1 ,lexicon4 ,,enigmas4 ,the ,enigma hints the thing it would convey1 ,in terms quite various--opposite1 some say1 ,the secret it reveals1 but not so clear as day2 ,for in dark and mazy paths it ever loves to stray4 ,this jingle of four lines will convey to the reader some idea of the peculiarities of this word puzzle4 ,we may1 however1 add1 that the modern enigma may be based upon a single object1 word1 or even a letter of the alphabet2 and1 like the conundrum1 may be made to turn on the rare and unusual use of the word employed4 ,the most celebrated enigma1 perhaps1 is one formed on the letter ,h4 ,it has for years been attributed to1 and is included in the works of1 ,lord ,byron1 from a copy of which we extract it2 but the belief is now prevalent that it was written by ,miss ,katherine ,fanshawe4 ',twas whisper'd in heaven1 'twas mutter'd in hell1 ,and echo caught faintly the sound as it fell2 ,on the confines of earth 'twas permitted to rest1 ,and the depths of the ocean its presence confess'd4 ',twill be found in the sphere when 'tis riven asunder1 ',tis seen in the lightning1 and heard in the thunder2 ',twas allotted to man from his earliest breath1 ,it assists at his birth1 and attends at his death2 ,presides o'er his happiness1 honour1 and health1 ,is the prop of his house1 and the end of his wealth4 ,in the heap of the miser 'tis hoarded with care1 ,but is sure to be lost in his prodigal heir4 ,it begins every hope1 every birth it must bound1 ,it prays with the hermit2 with monarchs is crowned2 ,without it the soldier and seaman may roam1 ,but woe to the wretch that expels it from home4 ,in the whispers of conscience 'tis sure to be heard1 ,nor e'en in the whirlwind of passion is drowned2 ',twill soften the heart1 though deaf to the ear1 ',twill make it acutely and constantly hear2 ,but in short1 let it rest--like a beautiful flower1 ,oh1 breathe on it softly1 it dies in an hour4 ,lord ,byron did1 however1 compose an ,enigma on the letter ,i1 which is equally clever1 but perhaps not so well known3-- ,i am not in youth1 nor in manhood1 nor age1 ,but in infancy ever am known2 ,i'm a stranger alike to the fool and the sage2 ,and though ,i'm distinguished in history's page1 ,i always am greatest alone4 ,i am not in earth1 nor the sun1 nor the moon2 ,you may search all the sky--,i'm not there4 ,in the morning and evening--though not in the noon-- ,you may plainly perceive me2 for1 like a balloon1 ,i am midway suspended in air4 ,though disease may possess me1 and sickness and pain1 ,i'm never in sorrow nor gloom4 ,though in wit and in wisdom ,i equally reign1 ,i'm the heart of all sin1 and have long lived in vain1 ,yet ,i ne'er shall be found in the tomb4 ,the next two ,enigmas are attributed to ,charles ,james ,fox4 ,formed long ago1 yet made to-day2 ,and most employed when others sleep2 ,what few would like to give away1 ,and fewer still to keep4 ,answer3 ,a bed4 ,you eat me1 you drink me1 describe me who can1 ,for ,i'm sometimes a woman1 and sometimes a man4 ,answer3 ,a toast4 ,to the pen of ,germany's celebrated poet1 ,schiller1 we are indebted for the following expressive ,enigma3-- ,a bridge weaves its arch with pearls ,high over the tranquil sea4 ,in a moment it unfurls1 ,its span unbounded1 free4 ,the tallest ship with swelling sail ,may pass 'neath its arch with ease1 ,it carries no burden1 'tis too frail1 ,and when you approach1 it flees4 ,with the flood it comes1 with the rain it goes1 ,and what it is made of nobody knows4 ,answer3 ,rainbow4 ,the remaining miscellaneous ,enigmas will suffice to show the variations of which the puzzle is capable3-- ,a lady gave me a gift she had not1 ,and ,i received her gift1 which ,i took not2 ,she gave it willingly1 and yet she would not4 ,if she give it me once ,i force not2 ,if she take it again ,i grieve not4 ,consider what this is1 and tell not1 ,for ,i am fast sworn--,i may not4 ,the answer to this quaint and humorous ,enigma is1 ,a ,kiss4 ,the last line will be understood by the old adage1 ,kiss and never tell4 ,in other days1 when hope was bright1 ,you spoke to me of love and light1 ,but now you tell another tale1 ,that life is brief and beauty frail2 ,away1 ye grieve and ye rejoice1 ,in one unfelt1 unfeeling voice4 ,answer3 ,church ,bells4 ,enough for one1 too much for two1 and nothing at all for three4 ,answer3 ,a ,secret4 ,scorned by the meek and humble mind1 ,and often by the vain possessed2 ,heard by the deaf1 seen by the blind1 ,i give the troubled spirit rest4 ,answer3 ,nothing4 ,,alphabetical ,,puzzles4 ,the ,alphabetical ,puzzle1 though simple in its construction1 affords an opportunity for the riddler1 not only to display his ingenuity1 but also to quicken his perception of sound4 ,the puzzle consists in the choice of a word1 the sound of which1 when uttered1 shall be comprised in the naming of one or more letters of the alphabet4 ,the word chosen should then be briefly described or defined1 the number of letters forming the word stated1 together with the number of letters that1 when uttered1 give a sound similar to the sound of the chosen word1 thus3 ,a word denoting a volume of water spelt with three letters1 but that can be expressed with one4 ,answer3 ,sea1 ,c4 ,this simple example will make the above description perfectly clear2 and we now give some other examples in order to set forth the variety that may be introduced into this kind of amusement4 ,words containing three letters which can be expressed in one3-- #a4 ,famous gardens ,answer3 ,kew ,q4 #b4 ,english rivers ,dee and ,wye ,d and ,y4 #c4 ,a tree ,yew ,u4 ,words containing four letters which can be expressed in two3-- #d4 ,an adjective ,answer3 ,wise ,y ,y4 #e4 ,a prophet ,seer ,c ,r4 #f4 ,repose and comfort ,ease ,e ,e4 ,words containing five letters which can be expressed in two3-- #g4 ,an exertion of mind or body ,answer3 ,essay ,s ,a4 #h4 ,decrepitude ,decay ,d ,k4 #i4 ,an ,english county ,essex ,s ,x4 #aj4 ,to surpass ,excel ,x ,l4 #aa4 ,a lady's ,christian name ,ellen ,l ,n4 #ab4 ,a lady's ,christian name ,katie ,k ,t4 #ac4 ,plural of a species of corn ,peas ,p ,p4 #ad4 ,to lay forcible hands on ,seize ,c ,c4 #ae4 ,requires replenishing ,empty ,m ,t4 ,words containing five and six letters which can be expressed in three3-- #af4 ,a tax ,answer3 ,excise ,x ,i ,i4 #ag4 ,a flower ,peony ,p ,n ,e4 #ah4 ,a plaintive poem ,elegy ,l ,e ,g4 ,words containing six and seven letters which can be expressed in two3-- #ai4 ,a superfluity ,answer3 ,excess ,x ,s4 #bj4 ,akin to capsicum ,cayenne ,k ,n4 ,words containing six and seven letters which can be expressed in three3-- #ba4 ,a likeness ,answer3 ,effigy ,f ,e ,g4 #bb4 ,a state of being ,entity ,n ,t ,t4 #bc4 ,to pardon ,excuse ,x ,q ,q4 #bd4 ,dissolution ,decease ,d ,c ,c4 ,word containing seven letters which can be expressed in four3-- #be4 ,a malady ,answer3 ,disease ,d ,d ,e ,e4 ,,guessing ,,stories4 ,this is a word puzzle entertainment1 into which the riddler may1 if by a judicious display of imagery1 description1 and humour1 he only properly sets about his work1 introduce much genuine amusement and fun4 ,the puzzle is best explained by an illustration which is given below1 and which can be taken as a model on which other ,guessing ,stories may be constructed4 ,i am the child of the night1 and the child of the day4 ,some dread me1 some hate me1 some find me a good companion4 ,i have walked for many a mile1 but no one ever heard my footfalls4 ,sometimes my master sends me on before him1 but as he travels as quickly as ,i do1 he sends me back sometimes1 and ,i have to follow in the rear4 ,i have hands and feet1 head and shoulders1 but no body4 ,it is impossible to estimate my exact height4 ,nobody has ever looked into my eyes2 nobody has ever incurred my anger4 ,i sometimes in my haste run over people1 and am sometimes trampled under foot by them4 ,when my master writes1 ,i always hold a pen by his side2 and when he shaves1 ,i generally take a razor too4 ,i have travelled a good deal1 and am very old4 ,when ,adam walked in ,eden1 ,i1 too1 was there1 and when any new member of ,parliament goes to the ,house of ,commons1 ,i nearly always accompany him4 ,robinson ,crusoe was disturbed by my approach when ,i visited him on the ,island of ,juan ,fernandez2 and on one occasion ,i was the means of defeating an army4 ,although ,i have no eyes1 ,i could not live without light4 ,i am of very active habits1 although ,i have not the will or the ability to move4 ,tell me my name4 ,answer3 ,a ,man's ,shadow4 ,,mental ,,scenes4 ,these are next-of-kin to ,guessing ,stories1 they will however be appreciated as they afford perhaps greater scope for vividly descriptive narrative4 ,the following specimen of a ,mental ,scene1 which is sufficiently close to the original to reveal to all lovers of ,shakspere the play upon which it is founded1 will serve as an example as to how these scenes may be rendered3-- ,from camp to camp1 throughout the live-long night1 nothing is heard but the hum of either army4 ,so stilly is the scene1 that the opposing sentinels might almost hear each other's secret passwords4 ,the cocks commence to crow1 the armourers1 with busy hammers1 secure all rivets in the knights' full armour1 the clocks do toll and the third hour of drowsy morning name1 and all gives note of dreadful preparation4 ,proud of their numbers1 and insolent with pride1 one army rises from a night spent in counting chickens which have ne'er been hatched1 and throwing dice for rich lands not yet secured4 ,anon they chide the cripple1 tardy-gaited night1 which limps so tediously away4 ,they wait the morn1 expectant and exulting4 ,the poor wretches whom they have already1 in imagination1 condemned1 like sacrifices1 by their watch fires1 sit patiently1 and inly ruminate the morning's danger4 ,oh1 now behold the royal captain of this seeming ruined band1 walking from watch to watch1 from tent to tent4 ,he bids them all good morrow with a modest smile1 and calls them brothers1 friends1 and countrymen4 ,beholding him1 with his cheerful semblance and sweet majesty1 one and all pluck comfort from his looks4 ,a largess1 universal as the sun1 his liberal eye doth give to every one1 thawing cold fear1 and infusing his heroic nature into all4 ,the scene is blurred over with bloodshed2 but a ray of light reveals this royal captain1 victorious against fearful odds1 exclaiming1 ,o1 ,god1 thy arm was here6 and not to us1 but to thy arm alone1 ascribe we all6 ,answer3 ,agincourt4 ,see ,shakspere's ,henry ,v4 ,should difficulty be found in painting in words a ,mental ,scene for the company to discover1 a capital plan--as the above example will have indicated--is to read a passage from some great writer1 such as ,shakspere1 or ,macaulay1 or ,sir ,walter ,scott1 or ,tennyson1 or ,carlyle1 and leave it to the discernment of the audience to give the name of the scene or incident related4 ,the passage should of course be complete in itself1 not too long1 and proper names of persons and places which might give a definite clue to the subject of the reading should be removed1 and abstract terms like the hero1 the heroine1 the scene of conflict1 and so on1 used in their stead4 ,remember1 it is useless to select a scene so difficult that no one could identify it or so easy that everybody could discover it4 ,,footnote3 #c ,english reading3--,christ our leader3 therefore victorious4 ,illustration ,,index4 ,a ,acrostics1 and double acrostics1 #baa ,acting charades1 #ae ,acting proverbs1 #i ,acting rhymes1 #i ,adjectives1 a parlour game1 #aj ,adventurers1 ,the1 a parlour game1 #aj sop's mission1 #aa ,album1 ,animal2 a talking picture-book1 #eb ,all fives1 #acd ,all fours1 #acb ,alphabet games1 #aa ,alphabetical puzzles1 #bae ,american puzzles #ae and #cd1 #ig ,anagrams1 #ahi ,animal album2 a talking picture-book1 #eb ,animated serpent1 #eb ,annulette 7see ,parlour ,croquet7 ,apple-mill1 #ec ,apple-woman1 a hand trick1 #ec ,archery1 ,drawing-room1 #ei ,arithmetical puzzles1 #ig-ajf2 ,american puzzles #ae and #cd 7,boss71 #ig2 the magic nine1 a puzzle of fifteen1 #ih2 the magic thirty-six1 or puzzle of one hundred and eleven1 ib42 the magic hundred1 or puzzle of five hundred and five1 #ii2 the twenty-four monks1 ib42 to take one from nineteen1 so that the remainder shall be twenty1 #ajj2 the famous forty-five1 ib42 the costermonger's puzzle1 ib42 the progression of numbers3-- the horse-dealer's bargain1 the sovereign and the sage1 the pin in the hold of the ,great ,eastern steamship1 #aja2 how a number thought of may be told1 #ajb2 magical addition1 #ajc2 the clever lawyer1 #ajd2 a new way of multiplying by #i1 ib42 to reward the favourites and show no favouritism1 #aje2 the dishonest servants1 ib42 ,lord ,dundreary's finger puzzle1 to count eleven fingers on the two hands1 #aje2 uniform results of multiplication1 ib42 to ascertain a square number at a glance1 #ajf2 to distinguish coins by arithmetical calculation1 ib42 properties of numbers1 ib4 ,arithmorems1 #aid ,artists' menagerie1 #ab ,b ,baby elephant1 #ab ,balancing puzzles3 demon bottle1 #eh2 magic figure1 #fd2 obedient soldier1 #fh2 ,pegasus in flight1 #ge2 steady tar1 #hf2 the balanced pail1 #ij2 the balanced stick1 ib42 revolving coins and needles1 ib42 the bridge of knives1 #ia ,balloons1 ,gas1 #fj ,balls and rings 7puzzle71 #ic ,balls1 ,german1 #fj ,balls1 ,houdin's cups and balls tricks1 #agh ,bandilor 7toy71 #ed ,battle1 ,mrs41 her opinion of whist1 #aae ,beggar my neighbour1 #adi ,bell and hammer1 #ed ,bellows1 ,paper1 #fi ,bzique1 #adc ,billiards1 ,german1 #fa ,bird-catcher1 ,the1 a parlour game1 #ac ,birds1 beasts1 and fishes1 a slate game1 #ed ,birds1 fruits1 and flowers enigmatically expressed1 #aib ,bird-whistles1 #ed ,blind man's buff1 #ac ,blind postman1 #ac ,blowing out the candle1 #ac ,boat1 ,paper1 #gj ,bob ,short's rules for whist1 #aaj ,bombardment1 a round game1 #ed ,boss1 the ,american puzzles #ae and #cd1 #ig ,bottle fountain1 #aec ,bottle imps1 #ed ,bouts rims1 #ad ,bowls1 ,parlour1 #gd ,boxes1 ,paper1 #gj ,bricks1 ,toy1 #ea ,brother1 ,i'm bobbed1 #ad ,brother ,jonathan1 #ee ,brough1 ,robert ,b41 ,logogram by1 #bja ,bucephalus1 ,mechanical1 #ff ,buff says ',baff1' #ad ,buff with the wand1 #ae ,byron1 ,lord1 enigma on the letter ,h ascribed to him1 #bad2 another on the letter ,i1 by ,byron1 ib4 ,c ,camera 7miniature71 #ee ,candle1 ,blowing out the1 #ac ,candle-ends1 ,eatable1 #aeb ,canning1 ,george1 ,charade by1 #bjh ,cannonade1 or castle bagatelle1 #ee ,capping verses1 #ae ,card games1 #ajg-aej2 antiquity of card-playing1 #ajg2 long whist1 #ajg-ae2 mode of playing1 #ajh2 technical terms used1 ib42 ,bob ,short's rules3 for first1 second1 and third hand1 #aaj2 for all the players1 ib42 laws of the game1 #aaa2 the rubber1 ib42 shuffling1 #aab2 first1 second1 third1 and fourth hand1 ib42 memory1 temper1 patience1 #aad2 ,mrs4 ,battle's opinion on whist1 #aae2 short whist1 ib42 dumby1 or three-handed whist1 #aaf2 double dumby1 or two-handed whist1 ib42 piquet1 ib42 technical terms1 ib42 pique1 repique1 capot1 #aah2 euchre1 ib42 two-handed1 three-handed1 and four-handed1 #aai2 vingt-un1 #abj2 speculation1 #aba2 napoleon1 #abb2 cribbage1 ib42 three and four handed cribbage1 #abd2 ranter go round1 #abe2 cart1 #abf2 technical terms1 ib42 mode of playing1 #abg2 loo1 limited and unlimited1 #abh2 technical terms1 #abi2 cassino1 ib42 laws of the game1 #acj2 put1 #aca2 matrimony1 ib42 all fours1 #acb2 blind all fours1 #acc2 all fives1 #acd2 poker 7stud poker1 twenty-deck poker71 ib42 draw poker1 ib42 straight poker1 #ace2 whiskey poker1 #acf2 snip-snap-snorum1 ib42 commerce1 #acg2 sift smoke1 #ach2 lottery1 ib42 quince1 #aci2 ,pope ,joan1 ib42 spinado1 #adj2 old maid1 #ada2 spade and gardener1 #adb2 happy families1 ib42 bzique1 #adc2 technical terms1 ib42 bzique without a trump1 #add2 snap1 ib42 zetema1 #ade2 table of scores1 ib42 marriages1 tricks1 #adf2 ,french vingt-un1 or ,albert ,smith1 #adh2 beggar my neighbour1 #adi2 catch the ten1 ib42 cheat1 #aej2 truth1 ib4 ,card1 ,immovable1 #fa ,card tricks and combinations1 #aec-afg2 sleight-of-hand1 #aec2 to palm a card1 #aed2 to make the pass1 ib42 to force a card1 ib42 to make a false shuffle1 #aee2 to sight a card1 ib42 the long card1 ib42 to guess a card thought of1 #aef2 to show the five cards five different persons have selected1 ib42 to tell the card thought of out of thirty-five exposed cards1 #aeg2 when the number of cards is not fixed1 ib42 by arranging the cards in a circle1 #aeh2 to name a card noted1 ib42 to guess the cards thought of by different persons1 ib42 to discover a card by touch or smell1 #aei2 to tell all the cards without seeing them1 ib42 the nerve trick1 #afj2 to make a person draw the cards called for1 ib42 to call for any card1 ib42 to discover what cards have been turned1 #afa2 to send a card through a solid table1 ib42 to tell the pairs1 ib42 the four kings1 #afb2 the turnover1 ib42 to ascertain the number of pips on unseen cards1 #afc2 like with like1 #afd2 to make a card come out of a pack1 ib42 to draw a particular card from a coat pocket1 ib42 to deal in rotation and in suits1 ib42 to catch a card from a pack thrown in the air1 #afe2 the four recruits1 ib42 the four confederates1 ib42 the transmutable cards1 #aff2 the two convertible aces1 ib42 to tell the number of cards by their weight1 ib42 to discover a card drawn by the throw of a die1 #afg ,carpenter's puzzle1 #ia ,carpet croquet1 #ef ,cassino1 #abi ,castle bagatelle1 #ee ,cat1 ,the minister's1 #cd ,catch the ten1 #adi ,chair1 ,musical1 #ce ,charades 7see ,acting ,charades1 ,figure ,charades1 ,letter ,charades1 ,numbered ,charades1 ,verbal ,charades7 ,cheat1 #aej ,chinese junk1 ,paper1 #ga ,chronograms1 #aih ,clairvoyance1 or second sight1 #agh-ahj ,clairvoyant1 a parlour game1 #ag ,clever lawyer1 #ajd ,coins distinguished by arithmetical calculation1 #ajf ,coins1 ,puzzles and tricks with1 #ij1 #afg-agb ,comic concert1 #ah ,commerce1 #acg ,common whistle1 #ef ,comte1 the ,french conjurer2 his feats in ventriloquism1 #ahd ,concert1 ,comic1 #ah ,conjuring1 #aea-ahj2 authorities3 works of ,piesse1 ,hoffmann1 and ,cremer1 #aea2 ,memoirs of ,robert ,houdin1 ib42 ,patter1 ib42 magician's wand and magician's table1 #aeb ,conjuring3 simple deceptions and minor tricks1 #aeb-afg2 eatable candle-ends1 #aeb2 how to swallow a flame1 ib42 to pull a string through a button-hole1 ib42 the cut string restored1 ib42 the musical snail1 #aec2 to extract a cork from a bottle without touching the cork1 ib42 the bottle-fountain1 ib42 to place wine under a hat1 and to drink it without touching the hat1 ib4 ,conjuring with and without special apparatus1 #afg-agh2 the transposable money1 #afg2 the penetrative coin1 ib42 the phantom coin1 #afh2 the coin melted and restored1 ib42 the flying coins1 #afi2 the box1 the halfpence1 and the die1 #agj2 to pick a marked shilling out of a hat covered with a handkerchief1 #aga2 burning the handkerchief1 #agb2 the augmented coins1 ib42 to guess the two ends of a line of dominoes1 #agd2 to get a ring out of a handkerchief1 #age2 ,herr ,frikell's gold-fish trick1 #agf2 ,houdin's cups and balls1 #agg 7and see ,card ,tricks and ,combinations7 ,consequences1 a parlour game1 #ah ,conveyances1 a parlour game1 #ai ,costermonger's puzzle1 #ajj ,crack loo1 #ef ,crambo1 #ai2 dumb crambo1 #ba ,crandall's toys1 #ea ,cremer on conjuring1 #aea ,cribbage1 #aeb ,croquet1 ,carpet1 #ef2 ,parlour1 #gd ,cross1 ,magic1 #ie ,cross questions and crooked answers1 #bj ,cryptography1 #aig ,cup and ball1 #ef ,cupid is coming1 #bj ,cupolette1 #ef ,cups and balls1 ,houdin's tricks with1 #agg ,cushion-dance1 #bj ,cut-water1 #eg ,d ,dancer1 ,hydraulic1 #fa2 pith1 #gf ,dancing ,highlander1 #eg2 pea1 #eg ,dart and target1 #eh 7see ,puff and ,dart7 ,dart1 ,paper1 #gb ,dartelle1 #eh ,definitions 7parlour game71 #ba2 7fireside game71 #bje ,demon bottle1 #eh ,diamond word-puzzles1 #aif ,d',israeli1 ,isaac1 his skill in anagrams1 #ahi1 #aij ,dominoes1 ,tricks with1 #agd ,double acrostics1 #bab2 example written by her ,majesty ,queen ,victoria1 ib4 ,drawing-room archery1 #ei ,drawing-room racquets1 #gi ,dumb crambo1 #ba ,dumby 7whist71 #aaf ,dundreary1 ,lord3 puzzle to count eleven fingers on the two hands1 #aje ,dutch racquets1 #ei ,dwarf imitated1 a parlour game1 #ba ,e ,ecart1 #abf ,elements1 ,the1 a parlour game1 #bb ,elephant1 ,baby1 #ab ,enfield skittles1 #ei ,enigmas #aib-aic2 example on the letter ,h1 by ,miss ,katherine ,fanshawe 7ascribed to ,lord ,byron71 #bad2 on the letter ,i1 by ,lord ,byron1 ib42 enigmas by ,charles ,james ,fox1 ib42 by ,schiller1 #bae ,euchre1 #aah ,extractions of words1 #bjd ,f ,fan1 ,japanese1 #fb ,fan1 ,magic1 #fb ,fanshawe1 ,miss ,katherine1 her enigma on the letter ,h 7ascribed to ,lord ,byron71 #bad ,farmyard1 #bb ,feather1 ,the1 a parlour game1 #bb ,fifteen 7,american puzzle71 #ig ,figure charades1 #baj ,finding the ring1 #bb ,fireside fun1 #ahe-ahi2 decapitations1 #ahe2 curtailments and retailings1 #ahf2 anagrams1 #ahi2 word squares1 #aia2 birds1 fruits1 and flowers enigmatically expressed1 #aib2 rebuses1 #aic2 arithmorems1 #aid2 diamond puzzles and word puzzles of various shapes1 #aif2 cryptography1 #aig2 chronograms1 #aih2 logograms1 #bjj2 metagrams1 #bjb2 word capping1 #bjc2 paragrams1 ib42 extractions1 #bjd2 transpositions1 ib42 definitions1 #bje2 inversions1 #bjf2 hidden words1 ib42 numbered charades1 #bjh2 charades by ,winthrop ,mackworth ,praed1 ,mark ,lemon1 ,george ,canning1 ib42 by ,archbishop ,whately1 ,charles ,james ,fox1 #bji2 letter or figure charades1 #baj2 verbal charades1 #baa2 acrostics1 ib42 double acrostics1 ib42 example written by her ,majesty ,queen ,victoria1 #bab2 enigmas1 #bac2 alphabetical puzzles1 #bae2 guessing stories1 #baf2 guessing mental scenes1 #bag ,flowers and fruit enigmatically expressed1 #aib ,flute1 ,magic1 #fd ,flying1 a parlour game1 #bc ,flying cones1 #ei ,forfeits1 #bc ,fox1 ,charles ,james1 ,logogram by1 #bja2 charade1 #bji2 enigmas1 #bad ,french and ,english1 a slate game1 #fj ,french vingt-un1 #adh ,frikell1 ,herr1 his gold-fish trick1 #agf ,g ,gas balloons1 #fj ,german balls1 #fj ,german billiards1 #fa ,german toy manufacturers1 #hi ,giant imitated1 a parlour game1 #bh ,giant1 ,telescopic1 #df ,giraffe imitated1 a parlour game1 #bh ,gold-fish trick1 #agf ,grand ,mufti1 ,the1 #bh ,guessing mental scenes1 #bag ,guessing proverbs1 #ch ,guessing rhymes1 #dj ,guessing stories1 #baf ,h ,hampton ,court maze1 #if ,handkerchief1 ,the burnt1 #agb ,hands1 a parlour game1 #bh ,hat measurement1 #fa ,hat1 ,paper1 #gb ,hats1 ,magic1 #cc ,hats1 ,the two1 #di ,he can do little who can't do this1 #bi ,hidden words1 #bjf ,highlander1 ,dancing1 #eg ,hiss and clap1 #bi ,hoffmann on conjuring1 #aea ,homeward bound1 #fa ,horse-dealer's bargain1 ,the1 #aja ,horses1 ,toy1 #ea ,hot boiled beans1 #bi ,hot cockles1 #bi ,houdin1 ,robert1 ,memoirs of1 #aea2 his cups and balls tricks1 #agg2 his illustrations of clairvoyance1 #agh ,house furnishers1 a parlour game1 #bi ,how do you like your neighbour8 #cj ,how1 when1 and where8 #cj ,hundred1 ,the magic1 #ii ,hunt the ring1 #cj ,hunt the slipper1 #cj ,hunt the whistle1 #ca ,hydraulic dancer1 #fa ,i ,i apprenticed my son1 #ca ,i love my love1 #ca ,immovable card1 #fa ,indian skittle pool1 #fa ,inversions of words1 #bjf ,j ,jack-in-the-box1 #fb ,jack's alive1 #ca ,japanese fan1 #fb ,jerk straws1 #fb ,jolly miller1 #cb ,judge and jury1 #cb ,l ,le diable 7flying cones71 #fj ,lemon1 ,mark1 ,charade by1 #bjh ,letter charades1 #baj ,logograms1 #bjj2 specimens by ,lord ,macaulay and ,charles ,james ,fox1 #bjj1 #bja2 by ,william ,pitt1 ,earl of ,chatham1 #bja2 by ,robert ,b4 ,brough1 ib4 ,loo1 ,limited and unlimited1 #abh ,lottery1 #ach ,m ,macaulay1 ,lord1 ,rebus and logogram by1 #aic1 #bjj1 #bja ,magic answer1 #cb ,magic cross1 #id ,magic fan1 #fb ,magic figure1 #fd ,magic flute1 #fd ,magic hats1 #cc ,magic hundred1 #ii ,magic nine1 #ih ,magic octagon1 #id ,magic thirty-six1 #ii ,magic wand1 ,the1 a parlour game1 #cc ,magical music1 #cc ,magician of ,morocco1 #fd ,magnetic swan1 #fe ,magnetic wand1 #fe ,magnifying pinhole1 #ff ,matrimony1 #aca ,maze at ,hampton ,court1 #if ,mechanical ,bucephalus1 #ff ,mechanical puzzles1 #ij-if2 balanced pail1 #ij2 the balanced stick1 ib42 revolving coins and needles1 ib42 the bridge of knives1 #ia2 the square and circle puzzle1 ib42 the carpenter's puzzle1 ib42 the divided farm1 #ib2 the vertical line puzzle1 ib42 the string and balls puzzle1 ib42 the seven-ring puzzle1 #ic2 balls and rings puzzle1 ib42 the staff puzzle1 #id2 the ,victoria puzzle1 ib42 the artillery puzzle1 ib42 the six rows puzzle1 ib42 the six square puzzle1 ib42 the magic octagon1 ib42 the accommodating square1 ib42 the magic cross1 #ie2 to take a man's waistcoat off without removing his coat1 ib42 to break a stone with a blow of the fist1 #if2 the key1 the heart1 and the dart1 ib42 the prisoner's release puzzle1 ib42 ,hampton ,court maze1 ib4 ,menagerie1 ,the artists'1 #ab ,mengen1 ,baron1 on ventriloquism1 #aha ,mental scenes1 #bag ,metagrams1 #bjb ,microscope1 ,toy1 #ff ,minister's cat1 ,the1 #cd ,mixed-up poetry1 #cd ,mocking call1 #fg ,moorish fort1 #fg ,morocco1 ,magician of1 #fd ,music1 ,magical1 #cc ,music1 ,spoon1 #dc ,musical chair1 #ce ,musical snail1 #aec ,my master has sent me unto you1 #ce ,n ,napoleon1 #abb ,navette1 #fg ,nine pins1 #fh ,nine1 ,the magic1 #ih ,nouns and questions1 #ce ,numbered charades1 #bjh ,numbers1 ,progression and properties of 7see ,arithmetical ,puzzles7 ,o ,obedient soldier1 #fh ,object game1 #ce ,octagon1 ,magic1 #id ,old maid1 #ada ,old soldier1 #cf ,oranges and lemons1 #cf ,original sketches1 a parlour game1 #cg ,our old grannie doesn't like tea1 #cg ,p ,pairs1 a parlour game1 #cg ,palada1 #fh ,parachute1 ,paper1 #gb ,paragrams1 #bjc ,parlour bowls1 #gd ,parlour croquet1 #gd ,parlour games 7see ,round or ,parlour ,games7 ,parlour magic1 #aea-ahd2 conjuring3 simple deceptions and minor tricks1 #aea-aec2 card tricks and combinations1 #aec-afg2 conjuring with or without special apparatus1 #afg-agh2 clairvoyance1 or second sight1 #agh-ahj2 ventriloquism and polyphony1 #ahj-ahd ,parlour quoits1 #gd ,patchesi1 #ge ,patter in conjuring1 #aea2 in ventriloquism1 #aha ,pea1 ,dancing1 #eg ,pegasus in flight1 #ge ,person and object1 a parlour game1 #cg ,piesse on conjuring1 #aea ,piquet1 #aaf ,pith dancer1 #gf ,pitt1 ,william1 ,earl of ,chatham1 ,logogram by1 #bja ,poetry1 ,mixed-up1 #cd ,poker1 #acd ,polyphony and ventriloquism1 #ahj-ahd ,pope ,joan1 #aci ,pork-butcher1 ,the1 a parlour game1 #ch ,postman's knock1 #ch ,praed1 ,winthrop ,mackworth1 ,charade by1 #bjh ,prancing horse1 #gf ,prisoners' release puzzle1 #if ,progression of numbers1 #aja ,prophet1 #gf ,proverbs1 ,acting1 #i ,proverbs1 ,guessing1 #ch ,proverbs1 ,shouting1 #db ,puff and dart1 #gg ,purses1 ,paper1 #gc ,push-pin1 #gh ,put1 #aca ,puzzles 7see ,alphabetical1 ,arithmetical1 ,balancing1 ,mechanical1 and ,word ,puzzles7 ,puzzle-wit1 #gh ,q ,quaker's meeting1 #ch ,quince1 #aci ,quintain1 #gh ,quiz1 #ed1 #gh ,quoits1 ,parlour1 #gd-ge ,r ,race game1 #gh ,racquets1 ,drawing-room1 #gi ,racquets1 ,dutch1 #ei ,ranter go round1 #abe ,resting wand1 #ci ,retsch's outlines1 a parlour game1 #ci ,reviewers1 ,the1 a parlour game1 #dj ,revolving ring1 #gi ,rhymes1 ,acting1 #i ,rhymes1 ,bouts rims1 #ad ,rhymes1 ,guessing1 #dj ,ring1 ,finding the1 #bb ,ring1 ,hunt the1 #cj ,ring the bull1 #hj ,ringolette1 #gd ,rings1 ,puzzles and tricks with1 #ic1 #age ,round or parlour games1 #i-ej2 acting proverbs1 #i2 acting rhymes1 ib42 adjectives1 #aj2 the adventurers1 ib42 sop's mission1 #aa2 alphabet games1 ib42 the artists' menagerie1 #ab2 the baby elephant1 ib42 the bird-catcher1 #ac2 blind man's buff1 ib42 blind postman1 ib42 blowing out the candle1 ib42 bouts rims1 #ad2 brother1 ,i'm bobbed1 ib42 buff says 'baff1' ib42 buff with the wand1 #ae2 capping verses1 ib42 charades1 ib42 clairvoyant1 #ag2 the comic concert1 #ah2 consequences1 ib42 conveyances1 #ai2 crambo1 ib42 cross questions and crooked answers1 #bj2 ,cupid is coming1 ib42 the cushion dance1 ib42 definitions1 #ba2 dumb crambo1 ib42 dwarf1 ib42 the elements1 #bb2 the farmyard1 ib42 the feather1 ib42 finding the ring1 ib42 flying1 #bc2 forfeits1 ib42 giant1 #bh2 the giraffe1 ib42 the grand mufti1 ib42 hands1 ib42 he can do little who can't do this1 #bi2 hiss and clap1 ib42 hot boiled beans1 ib42 hot cockles1 ib42 house furnishers1 ib42 how do you like your neighbour8 #cj2 how1 when1 and where8 ib42 hunt the ring1 ib42 hunt the slipper1 ib42 hunt the whistle1 #ca2 ,i apprenticed my son1 ib42 ,i love my love1 ib42 ,jack's alive1 ib42 the jolly miller1 #cb2 judge and jury1 ib42 the magic answer1 ib42 magical music1 #cc2 the magic hats1 ib42 the magic wand1 ib42 the minister's cat1 #cd2 mixed-up poetry1 ib42 musical chair1 #ce2 my master has sent me unto you1 ib42 nouns and questions1 ib42 the object game1 ib42 the old soldier1 #cf2 oranges and lemons1 ib42 original sketches1 #cg2 our old grannie doesn't like tea1 ib42 pairs1 ib42 person and object1 ib42 the pork-butcher1 #ch2 postman's knock1 ib42 proverbs1 ib42 the quaker's meeting1 ib42 the resting wand1 #ci2 ,retsch's outlines1 ib42 the reviewers1 #dj2 rhymes1 ib42 rule of contrary1 #da2 ,russian gossip1 ib42 the schoolmaster1 ib42 shadow buff1 ib42 shouting proverbs1 #db2 ,simon says1 ib42 the ,spanish merchant1 ib42 the ,spanish nobleman1 ib42 spelling bee1 #dc2 spoon music1 ib42 the stage coach1 #dd2 stool of repentance1 ib42 tableaux vivants1 #de2 the telescopic giant1 #df2 think of a number1 ib42 this and that1 ib42 throwing light1 #dg2 toilet1 or trencher1 ib42 the trades1 #dh2 the traveller's alphabet1 ib42 twenty questions1 #di2 the two hats1 ib42 what am ,i doing8 ib42 what is my thought like8 ib42 who was he8 #ej2 the wild beast show1 ib42 yes or no8 ib4 ,royal star1 #hj ,rule of contrary1 #da ,russian gossip1 #da ,s ,schiller1 ,enigma by1 #bae ,schimmel1 #ha2 materials for the game2 mode of playing1 ib4 ,schoolmaster1 a parlour game1 #da ,second sight1 or clairvoyance1 #agh-ahj ,serpent1 ,animated1 #eb ,shadow buff1 #da ,shouting proverbs1 #db ,shovel board1 #hb ,sift smoke1 #ach ,simon says1 #db ,skittle cannonade1 #hc ,skittles1 ,enfield1 #ei ,slate games1 #hd ,sleight-of-hand1 #aed ,slipper1 ,hunt the1 #cj ,snail1 ,musical1 #aec ,snip-snap-snorum1 #acf ,sound 7see ,ventriloquism and ,polyphony7 ,spanish merchant1 #db ,spanish nobleman1 #db ,speculation1 #aba ,spelling bee1 #dc ,spillikins or spelicans1 #he ,spinado1 #adj ,spoon music1 #dc ,squails1 or trails1 #hf ,squeaker1 #hf ,stage coach1 a parlour game1 #dd ,steady ,tar1 #hf1 #hg ,stool of repentance1 #dd ,straws3 jerk straws1 #fb ,summer ice1 #hg ,swan1 ,magnetic1 #fe ,sybil1 #gf ,t ,tableaux vivants1 #de ,target and dart1 #eh ,targetta1 #hg ,teetotum1 #hh ,think of a number1 #df ,thirty-four 7,american puzzle71 #ig ,thirty-six1 ,the magic1 #ii ,this and that1 #df ,throwing light1 a parlour game1 #dg ,tit-tat-to1 #he ,toilet1 a parlour game1 #dg ,toy games and toy-making1 #ea-hi2 bricks and building materials1 #ea2 ,crandall's toys1 animal album1 or talking picture-book1 #eb2 olian harp1 ib42 animated serpent1 ib42 annulette1 #ec2 apple-mill1 ib42 apple-woman1 ib42 bandilor1 or quiz1 #ed2 battledore and shuttlecock1 ib42 bell and hammer1 or schimmel1 ib42 bird-whistles1 ib42 birds1 beasts1 and fishes1 ib42 bombardment1 ib42 bottle imps1 ib42 ,brother ,jonathan1 #ee2 camera 7miniature71 ib42 cannonade1 or castle bagatelle1 ib42 carpet croquet1 #ef2 common whistle1 ib42 crack loo1 ib42 cup and ball1 ib42 cupolette1 ib42 cut-water1 #eg2 dancing ,highlander1 ib42 dancing pea1 ib42 dart and target1 #eh2 dartelle1 ib42 decimal game1 ib42 demon bottle1 ib42 drawing-room archery1 #ei2 ,dutch racquets1 ib42 ,enfield skittles1 ib42 flying cones1 ib42 ,french and ,english1 #fj2 gas balloons1 ib42 ,german balls1 ib42 ,german billiards1 #fa2 hat measurement1 ib42 homeward bound1 or patchesi1 ib42 hydraulic dancers1 ib42 immovable card1 ib42 ,indian skittle-pool1 ib42 ,jack-in-the-box1 #fb2 ,japanese fan1 ib42 jerk straws1 ib42 le diable1 ib42 magic fan1 ib42 magic figure1 #fd2 magic flute1 ib42 magician of ,morocco1 ib42 magnetic swan1 #fe2 magnetic wand1 ib42 magnifying pinhole1 #ff2 mechanical ,bucephalus1 ib42 microscope 7toy71 ib42 mocking call1 #fg2 moorish fort1 ib42 navette1 ib42 nine pins1 #fh2 noughts and crosses1 ib42 obedient soldier1 ib42 palada1 ib42 paper toys3 bellows1 boat1 boxes1 ,chinese junk1 dart1 hat1 parachute1 purses1 #fi-gd2 parlour bowls1 #gd2 parlour croquet1 ib42 parlour quoits1 ib42 patchesi1 or homeward bound1 #ge2 ,pegasus in flight1 ib42 pith dancer1 #gf2 prancing horse1 ib42 prophet1 or sibyl1 ib42 puff and dart1 #gg2 push-pin1 #gh2 puzzle-wit1 ib42 quintain1 ib42 quiz1 ib42 race game1 ib42 racquets 7drawing-room71 #gi2 revolving ring1 ib42 ringolette1 #hj2 ring the bull1 ib42 royal star1 ib42 schimmel1 or bell and hammer1 #ha2 shovel board1 #hb2 skittle cannonade1 #hc2 slate games1 #hd2 spillikins1 or spelicans1 #he2 squails1 #hf2 squeaker1 ib42 steady tar1 #hf1 #hg2 summer ice1 #hg2 sybil1 ib42 table croquet1 ib42 targetta1 ib42 teetotum1 #hh2 tit-tat-to1 ib42 tournament1 ib42 trails1 ib42 trouble wit1 ib42 wonderful trumpet1 ib42 ,german and ,tyrolese manufacture of toys1 #hi ,trades1 a parlour game1 #dh ,transpositions of words1 #bjd ,traveller's alphabet1 #dh ,trencher1 or toilet1 a parlour game1 #dg ,trouble wit1 #fb ,trumpet1 ,wonderful1 #hh ,truth1 #aej ,twenty questions1 #di ,two hats1 #di ,tyrol1 ,manufacture of toys in the1 #hi ,v ,ventriloquism and polyphony1 #ahj-ahd2 principles of the art1 #ahj2 general instructions for practice1 #ahc2 feats of ,comte1 the ,french conjurer1 #ahd ,verbal charades1 #baa ,victoria1 ,queen1 ,double acrostic written by her ,majesty1 #bab ,vingt-un1 #abj ,w ,wand1 ,magic1 a parlour game1 #cc ,wand1 ,magnetic1 #fe ,wand1 ,the resting1 #ci ,what am ,i doing8 #di ,what is my thought like8 #di ,whately1 ,archbishop1 ,charade by1 #bji ,whist3 long whist1 #ajg-aae2 short whist1 #aae ,whistle1 ,common1 #ef ,whistle1 ,hunt the1 #ca ,whistles1 ,bird1 #ed ,who was he8 #ej ,wild beast show1 #ej ,wonderful trumpet1 #hh ,words and word puzzles3 decapitations1 #ahe2 curtailments and retailings1 #ahf2 anagrams1 #ahi2 word squares1 #aia2 rebuses1 #aic2 arithmorems1 #aid2 diamond puzzles and word puzzles of various shapes1 #aif2 cryptography1 #aig2 chronograms1 #aih2 logograms1 #bjj2 metagrams1 #bjb2 word capping1#bjc2 paragrams1 ib42 extractions1 #bjd2 transpositions1 ib42 definitions1 #bje2 inversions1 #bjf2 hidden words1 ib4 ,y ,yes or no1 #ej ,z ,zetema1 #ade ,a ,companion ,work to ,cassell's ,book of ,in-door ,amusements4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 ,,cassell',s ,,book ,,of ,,sports ,,and ,,pastimes4 ,the ,largest and ,most ,complete ,collection of ,sports and ,pastimes yet ,published4 ,with more than #hjj ,illustrations1 and ,coloured ,frontispiece4 #gfh pages1 large crown #hvo1 cloth1 gilt edges4 ,it really seems to embrace every conceivable amusement1 whether of the athletic or the intellectual kind1 in which boys are likely to take delight1 and forms1 moreover1 a thick handsome book4--,daily ,news4 ,a perfect cyclopdia of every variety of games and recreative science known to the present generation of boys4444 ,this cheap and admirable book is greatly in advance1 in every respect1 of any volume of the kind we ever saw4--,morning ,advertiser4 ,every kind of game will be found in this attractive volume4 ,the descriptions are interesting1 the instructions clear and concise1 and the best authorities have been consulted for the rules4--,daily ,chronicle4 ,what lad could desire a better gift than ',cassell's ,book of ,sports and ,pastimes'8--,graphic4 ,all manly games and exercises are treated at great length1 and with much skill4 ,this bulky and handsome volume will give entertainment and instruction for months and years4--,the ,schoolmaster4 ,difficult indeed would it be for either the veteran sportsman1 or the young athlete1 to find a work which would favourably compare with this one4--,civil ,service ,gazette4 ,this is the best work of its kind that has come under our notice4444 ,the value of the book is increased by upwards of #hjj capital illustrations4 ,no more welcome present could be made to a lad4--,bell's ,life4 ,this work is to be commended for the accuracy and fulness of information4444 ,the book is a sensible and practical guide to the subjects of which it treats4--,manchester ,guardian4 ,this is a large1 comprehensive1 and handsome book4 ,sports and pastimes are described and illustrated on a scale of thoroughness1 which cannot be too highly commended4--,edinburgh ,daily ,review4 ,,cassell1 ,,petter1 ,,galpin ,co41 ,ludgate ,hill1 ,london4 ,selections from ,,cassell ,,company',s ,,publications4 ,,illustrated ,,and ,,fine ,,art ,,works4 ,the ,magazine of ,art4 ,volume ,v4 ,with about #djj ,illustrations by the first ,artists of the day1 and a beautifully-executed ,etching as ,frontispiece4 ,cloth gilt1 gilt edges1 #afs4 ,the price of ,vols4 ,,ii41 ,,iii41 and ,,iv4 has been increased1 ,vols4 ,,ii4 and ,,iii4 to #aes4 each1 and ,vol4 ,,iv4 to #bas4 ,picturesque ,europe4 ,popular ,edition1 ,vol4 ,i41 with #ac ,exquisite ,steel ,plates1 and about #bjj ,original ,engravings by the best ,artists4 ,cloth gilt1 #ahs4 ,n4,b4--,the ,original ,edition1 in ,five ,magnificent ,volumes1 royal #dto size1 can still be obtained1 price #b #bs4 each4 ,picturesque ,america4 ,vols4 ,i4 and ,,ii41 with #ab ,exquisite ,steel ,plates and about #bjj ,original ,wood ,engravings in each4 ,royal #dto1 cloth gilt1 gilt edges1 #b #bs4 each4 ,illustrated ,british ,ballads4 ,with ,several ,hundred ,original ,illustrations by the first ,artists of the day4 ,complete in ,two ,vols4 ,cloth1 #gs4 #f;d4 each2 or cloth1 gilt edges1 #ajs4 #f;d4 each4 sop's ,fables4 ,with about #aej ,original ,illustrations by ,,ernest ,,griset4 ,cloth1 #gs4 #f;d42 cloth1 gilt edges1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,the ,world of ,wit and ,humour4 ,with about #djj ,illustrations4 ,cloth1 #gs4 #f;d42 cloth1 gilt edges1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,european ,ferns4 ,their ,form1 ,habit1 and ,culture4 ,by ,,james ,,britten1 ,f4,l4,s4 ,with ,thirty ,fac-simile ,coloured ,plates1 painted from ,nature by ,d4 ,,blair1 ,f4,l4,s4 ,demy #dto1 cloth gilt1 gilt edges1 #bas4 ,familiar ,wild ,flowers4 ,first1 ,second1 and ,third ,series4 ,by ,f4 ,e4 ,,hulme1 ,f4,l4,s41 ,f4,s4,a4 ,with ,forty ,full-page ,coloured ,plates and ,descriptive ,text in each4 ,cloth gilt1 in cardboard box1 #abs4 #f;d4 each4 ,familiar ,garden ,flowers4 ,first and ,second ,series4 ,by ,,shirley ,,hibberd4 ,with ,forty ,full-page ,coloured ,plates in each by ,f4 ,e4 ,,hulme1 ,f4,l4,s41 ,f4,s4,a4 ,cloth gilt1 in cardboard box1 #abs4 #f;d4 each4 ,the ,world of ,wonders4 ,a ,record of ,things ,wonderful in ,nature1 ,science1 and ,art4 ,with over #bjj ,illustrations4 #dto1 cloth1 #gs4 #f;d42 cloth gilt1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,heroes of ,britain in ,peace and ,war4 ,complete in ,two ,vols41 with about #cjj ,original ,illustrations4 ,ex4 crown #dto1 cloth1 #gs4 #f;d4 each4 ,library ,binding1 ,two ,vols41 #abs4 #f;d4 ,the ,sea3 ,its ,stirring ,story of ,adventure1 ,peril1 and ,heroism4 ,by ,f4 ,,whymper4 ,with #djj ,original ,illustrations4 ,four ,vols4 ,cloth4 #gs4 #f;d4 each4 ,library ,binding1 ,four ,vols4 in ,two1 #bes4 ,,biography1 ,,travels1 ,,history1 ,,literature1 c4 ,a ,history of ,modern ,europe4 ,vols4 ,i4 and ,,ii4 ,by ,c4 ,a4 ,,fyffe1 ,m4,a41 ,fellow of ,university ,college1 ,oxford4 ,demy #hvo1 #abs4 each4 ,the ,life of the ,rt4 ,hon4 ,w4 ,e4 ,gladstone4 ,by ,g4 ,,barnett ,,smith4 ,jubilee ,edition1 with ,portrait1 #as4 ,england3 ,its ,people1 ,polity1 and ,pursuits4 ,by ,t4 ,h4 ,s4 ,,escott4 ,cheap ,edition1 in ,one ,vol41 price #gs4 #f;d4 ,burnaby's ,ride to ,khiva4 ,new and ,cheap ,edition4 ,extra crown #hvo1 cloth1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,people's ,edition1 #f;d4 ,russia4 ,by ,d4 ,,mackenzie ,,wallace1 ,m4,a4 ,cheap ,edition1 in ,one ,vol41 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,proverbial ,philosophy1 ,illustrated ,edition of4 ,by ,,martin ,f4 ,,tupper1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,c4,l41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,illustrated throughout4 ,extra crown #dto1 cloth1 #gs4 #f;d42 cloth1 gilt edges1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,science for ,all4 ,edited by ,dr4 ,,robert ,,brown1 ,f4,r4,g4,s41 c4 ,complete in ,five ,vols41 each containing about #cej ,illustrations and ,diagrams4 #dto1 cloth1 #is4 each4 ,gulliver's ,travels4 ,with ,eighty-eight ,engravings by ,,morten4 ,cheap ,edition1 crown #dto1 cloth1 #es4 ,illustrated ,readings4 ,first and ,second ,series4 ,each ,series complete in ,one ,volume4 ,profusely ,illustrated4 ,cloth1 gilt edges1 #ajs4 #f;d4 each4 ,england1 ,cassell's ,history of1 from the ,earliest ,period to the ,present ,time4 ,with about #b1jjj ,illustrations4 ,post #dto1 #e1ejj pp4 ,nine ,vols41 cloth1 #is4 each4 ,british ,battles on ,land and ,sea4 ,by ,,james ,,grant1 ,author of the ,romance of ,war1 c4 ,with #fjj ,illustrations4 ,complete in ,three ,vols41 extra crown #dto1 cloth1 #a #gs4 ,united ,states1 ,cassell's ,history of the4 ,by ,,edmund ,,ollier4 ,complete in ,three ,vols42 containing #fjj ,illustrations and ,maps4 ,extra crown #dto1 cloth1 #a #gs4 ,india1 ,cassell's ,history of4 ,with about #djj ,illustrations and ,maps4 ,complete in ,two ,vols4 ,extra crown #dto1 cloth1 #ahs42 ,two ,vols4 in ,one1 #aes42 ,library ,edition1 ,two ,vols41 #a4 ,,educational ,,works1 ,,dictionaries1 ,,etc4 ,english ,literature1 ,a ,first ,sketch of4 ,by ,professor ,,henry ,,morley4 ,crown #hvo1 #iab pp41 cloth1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,spelling1 ,a ,complete ,manual of4 ,on the ,principles of ,contrast and ,comparison4 ,by ,j4 ,d4 ,,morell1 ,,ll4,d41 ,h4,m4 ,inspector of ,schools4 ,cloth1 #as4 ,decisive ,events in ,history4 ,by ,,thomas ,,archer4 ,with ,sixteen ,original ,illustrations4 ,boards1 #cs4 #f;d42 ,extra fcap4 #dto1 cloth gilt1 #es4 ,sixth ,thousand4 ,the ,shakspere ,reading ,book4 ,by ,h4 ,,courthope ,,bowen1 ,m4,a4 ,illustrated throughout4 ,crown #hvo1 #egj pp41 cloth1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,historical ,readers1 ,cassell's4 ,modern ,school ,readers1 ,cassell's4 ,geographical ,readers1 ,new ,series of4 ,for particulars of the above ,series of ,readers1 see ,cassell ,company's ,educational ,catalogue4 ,little ,folks' ,history of ,england4 ,by ,,isa ,,craig-,,knox4 ,with ,thirty ,illustrations4 ,cloth1 #as4 #f;d4 ,arithmetic1 ,cassell's ,school ,board4 ,with about #c1jjj examples1 #as4 #f;d42 or with ,key1 #as4 #i;d4 ,key1 #f;d4 ,arithmetic1 the ,elements of4 ,by ,professor ,,wallace1 ,m4,a4 ,cloth limp1 #as4 ,applied ,mechanics1 ,elementary ,lessons in4 ,by ,prof4 ,r4 ,s4 ,,ball1 ,,ll4,d4 ,with numerous ,diagrams4 ,cloth1 #bs4 ,physical ,science1 ,intermediate ,text-,book of4 ,by ,f4 ,h4 ,,bowman1 ,d4,sc41 ,f4,r4,a4,s41 ,f4,l4,s4 ,illustrated4 ,cloth1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,practical ,mechanics4 ,by ,prof4 ,,john ,,perry1 ,m4,e4 ,with numerous ,illustrations4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo1 cloth1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,euclid1 ,cassell's4 ,edited by ,professor ,,wallace1 ,a4,m4 #hvo1 #baf pp41 cloth limp1 #as4 ,algebra 7,elements of71 ,cassell's4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth limp1 #as4 ,sketching from ,nature in ,water ,colours4 ,by ,,aaron ,,penley4 ,with ,illustrations in ,chromo-,lithography1 after ,original ,water-,colour ,drawings4 ,super-royal #dto1 cloth1 #aes4 ,figure ,painting in ,water ,colours4 ,with ,sixteen ,coloured ,plates from ,original ,designs by ,,blanche ,,macarthur and ,,jennie ,,moore4 ,with full ,instructions by the ,painters4 ,crown #dto1 cloth gilt1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,flower ,painting in ,water ,colours4 ,first and ,second ,series4 ,with ,twenty ,fac-simile ,coloured ,plates in each1 carefully executed from ,original ,designs by ,f4 ,e4 ,,hulme1 ,f4,l4,s41 ,f4,s4,a4 ,with ,instructions4 ,interleaved with ,drawing ,paper4 #es4 each4 ,neutral ,tint1 ,a ,course of ,painting in4 ,with #bd ,plates from ,designs by ,r4 ,p4 ,,leitch4 #dto1 cloth1 #es4 ,sepia ,painting1 ,a ,course of4 ,with #bd ,plates by ,r4 ,p4 ,,leitch4 #es4 ,drawing ,copies1 ,cassell's ,sixpenny4 ,comprising ,four ,series of ,books1 each ,series complete in ,twelve ,parts1 price #f;d4 each2 or ,one ,volume1 cloth1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,water-,colour ,painting1 ,a ,course of4 ,new and ,enlarged ,edition4 ,with #bd ,coloured ,plates1 from ,designs by ,r4 ,p4 ,,leitch4 #dto1 cloth1 #es4 ,the ,marlborough ,french ,grammar4 ,arranged and ,compiled by the ,rev4 ,j4 ,f4 ,,bright1 ,m4,a41 ,master of the ,modern ,school in ,marlborough ,college4 ,cloth1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,the ,marlborough ,french ,exercises4 ,by the ,rev4 ,g4 ,w4 ,,de ,,lisle1 ,m4,a41 ,french ,master in ,marlborough ,college4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,french1 ,cassell's ,lessons in4 ,new and ,revised ,edition4 ,considerably ,enlarged4 ,parts ,i4 and ,,ii41 cloth1 each #bs4 #f;d42 complete1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,key1 #as4 #f;d4 ,french-,english and ,english-,french ,dictionary1 ,cassell's4 ,entirely ,new and ,revised ,edition4 ,enlarged by the addition of nearly #c1jjj new words4 #a1aej pages1 cloth1 #cs4 #f;d42 superior binding1 leather back1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,the ,marlborough ,german ,grammar4 ,arranged and ,compiled by the ,rev4 ,j4 ,f4 ,,bright1 ,m4,a4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,german-,english and ,english-,german ,pronouncing ,dictionary1 ,cassell's4 #hfd pages1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,latin-,english and ,english-,latin ,dictionary1 ,cassell's4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,cassell's ,graduated ,copy-,books4 ,a very comprehensive ,series1 printed from ,copperplate ,copies1 on superior writing paper1 adapted to the requirements of the ,new ,code4 ,complete in #ah ,books1 price #b;d4 each4 ,the ,commentary for ,schools4 ,being the separate ,books of the ,,new ,,testament ,,commentary ,,for ,,english ,,readers 7,edited by the ,lord ,bishop of ,gloucester and ,bristol71 in ,small ,volumes4 ,revised by their respective ,authors for ,school and general ,educational purposes4 ,,st4 ,,matthew1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,st4 ,,mark1 #cs4 ,,st4 ,,luke1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,st4 ,,john1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,the ,,acts ,,of ,,the ,,apostles1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,romans1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,corinthians ,i4 and ,,ii41 #cs4 ,,galatians1 ,,ephesians1 and ,,philippians4 #cs4 ,,colossians1 ,,thessalonians1 and ,,timothy4 #cs4 ,,titus1 ,,philemon1 ,,hebrews1 ,,james4 #cs4 ,,peter1 ,,jude1 and ,,john4 #cs4 ,,the ,,revelation4 #cs4 ,,an ,,introduction ,,to ,,the ,,new ,,testament1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,the ,encyclopdic ,dictionary4 ,a ,new and ,original ,work of ,reference to all the ,words in the ,english ,language1 with a ,full ,account of their ,origin1 ,meaning1 ,pronunciation1 and ,use4 ,four ,divisional ,vols4 now ready1 each containing #chd pages1 extra crown #dto1 cloth1 #ajs4 #f;d4 each2 or the ,four ,vols4 bound in ,two1 half-morocco1 #bas4 each4 ,popular ,educator1 ,cassell's1 ,new and ,thoroughly ,revised ,edition4 ,vols4 ,i4 and ,,ii4 now ready1 price #es4 each4 7,to be completed in ,six ,vols47 ,english ,literature1 ,dictionary of4 ,being a ,comprehensive ,guide to ,english ,authors and their ,works4 ,by ,w4 ,,davenport ,,adams4 ,new and ,cheap ,edition1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,phrase and ,fable1 ,dictionary of4 ,giving the ,derivation1 ,source1 or ,origin of ,common ,phrases1 ,allusions1 and ,words that have a ,tale to ,tell4 ,by the ,rev4 ,dr4 ,,brewer4 ,new and ,enlarged ,edition1 cloth1 #cs4 #f;d42 superior binding1 leather back1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,miscellaneous ,,works4 ,animal ,life ,described and ,illustrated4 ,by ,prof4 ,e4 ,,perceval ,,wright1 ,m4,d41 ,f4,l4,s4 ,cheap ,edition1 price #gs4 #f;d4 ,civil ,service1 ,guide to ,employment in the4 ,new and ,enlarged ,edition1 ,revised to date4 ,with an ,introduction by ,j4 ,d4 ,,morell1 ,,ll4,d4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,dingy ,house at ,kensington1 ,the4 ,with ,four ,full-page ,illustrations4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth1 gilt edges1 #es4 ,etiquette of ,good ,society4 ,a ,comprehensive ,work on the ,etiquette of the ,present ,day4 ,cheap ,edition4 ,boards1 #as42 cloth1 #as4 #f;d4 ,field ,naturalist's ,handbook4 ,by the ,rev4 ,j4 ,g4 ,,wood and ,,theodore ,,wood4 ,demy #hvo1 cloth1 price #es4 ,gun and its ,development1 ,the4 ,with ,notes on ,shooting4 ,by ,w4 ,w4 ,,greener4 ,with #ejj ,illustrations1 #bas4 ,how ,women may ,earn a ,living4 ,by ,,mercy ,,grogan4 ,crown #hvo1 #as4 #f;d4 ,jane ,austen and her ,works4 ,by ,,sarah ,,tytler4 ,with ,steel ,portrait4 #es4 ,kennel ,guide1 ,the ,practical4 ,by ,dr4 ,,gordon ,,stables4 ,with ,illustrations4 #aib pages1 crown #hvo1 cloth1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,new ,natural ,history1 ,cassell's4 ,edited by ,professor ,p4 ,,martin ,,duncan1 ,m4,b41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,complete in ,six ,vols4 ,illustrated throughout4 ,cloth1 #is4 each4 ,north-,west ,passage by ,land1 ,the4 ,by ,viscount ,,milton and ,dr4 ,,cheadle4 ,cheap ,edition1 with ,illustrations and ,map1 #bs4 #f;d42 gilt edges1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,pigeon ,keeper1 ,the ,practical4 ,by ,l4 ,,wright4 ,with numerous ,illustrations1 c4 ,cloth gilt1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,poultry ,keeper1 ,the ,practical4 ,by ,l4 ,,wright4 ,with ,plain ,illustrations4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,rabbit ,keeper1 ,the ,practical4 ,by ,,cuniculus4 ,with ,illustrations4 ,cloth1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,what ,girls ,can ,do4 ,a ,book for ,mothers and ,daughters4 ,by ,,phillis ,,browne4 ,cloth4 ,new and ,cheaper ,edition1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,books ,,for ,,boys4 ,cassell's ,book of ,out-door ,sports and ,in-door ,amusements4 ,with about #ijj ,illustrations1 and ,coloured ,frontispiece4 ,large crown #hvo1 #iij pages1 cloth1 gilt edges1 #is4 ,sports and ,pastimes1 ,cassell's ,book of4 ,with more than #hjj ,illustrations1 and ,coloured ,frontispiece4 #gfh pp41 large crown #hvo1 cloth1 gilt edges1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,in-door ,amusements1 ,card ,games1 and ,fireside ,fun1 ,cassell's ,book of4 ,with numerous ,illustrations4 #bbd pp4 large crown #hvo1 cloth1 gilt edges1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,cassell's ,children's ,treasuries4 ,each ,volume contains ,stories or ,poetry1 and is ,profusely ,illustrated4 ,cloth1 #as4 each4 ,,cock ,,robin1 and other ,nursery ,rhymes4 ,,the ,,queen ,,of ,,hearts4 ,,old ,,mother ,,hubbard4 ,,simple ,,rhymes ,,for ,,happy ,,times4 ,,tuneful ,,lays ,,for ,,merry ,,days4 ,,cheerful ,,songs ,,for ,,young ,,folks4 ,,pretty ,,poems ,,for ,,young ,,people4 ,,the ,,children',s ,,joy4 ,,pretty ,,pictures ,,and ,,pleasant ,,stories4 ,,our ,,picture ,,book4 ,,tales ,,for ,,the ,,little ,,ones4 ,,my ,,sunday ,,book ,,of ,,pictures4 ,,sunday ,,garland ,,of ,,pictures ,,and ,,stories4 ,,sunday ,,readings ,,for ,,little ,,folks4 ,at the ,south ,pole4 ,by the late ,w4 ,h4 ,g4 ,,kingston4 ,with numerous ,illustrations4 ,cloth1 gilt edges4 ,cheap ,edition1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,the ,story of ,captain ,cook4 ,with numerous ,illustrations4 ,cloth1 gilt edges4 ,cheap ,edition1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,half-hours with ,early ,explorers4 ,containing a ,narrative of the ,adventures and ,discoveries of the ,early ,explorers4 ,by ,t4 ,,frost4 ,profusely ,illustrated4 ,fcap4 #dto1 coloured boards1 cloth back1 #cs4 #f;d42 cloth gilt1 #es4 ,jungle1 ,peak1 and ,plain4 ,a ,boy's ,book of ,adventure4 ,by ,dr4 ,,gordon ,,stables1 ,r4,n4 ,illustrated4 ,extra fcap4 #dto4 #aib pages1 cloth gilt1 gilt edges1 #es4 ,pictures of ,school ,life and ,boyhood4 ,from the best ,authors4 ,edited by ,,percy ,,fitzgerald1 ,m4,a4 ,cloth1 gilt edges1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,off to ,sea4 ,by the late ,w4 ,h4 ,g4 ,,kingston4 ,with ,coloured ,illustrations4 ,cloth1 gilt edges1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,soldier and ,patriot4 ,the ,story of ,george ,washington4 ,by ,f4 ,m4 ,,owen4 ,with ,map and ,illustrations4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth gilt1 gilt edges1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,the ,true ,robinson ,crusoes4 ,with ,twenty full-page ,illustrations4 ,cloth1 gilt edges1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,gulliver's ,travels4 ,with ,eighty-eight ,engravings by ,,morten4 ,cheap ,edition4 ,crown #dto1 cloth1 #es4 ,the ,story of ,robin ,hood4 ,with ,eight ,plates printed in ,colours4 ,cloth1 gilt edges1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,library of ,wonders4 ,a ,series of ,books for ,boys4 ,all profusely ,illustrated1 and bound in cloth gilt1 gilt edges1 #cs4 #f;d4 each4 ,,wonders ,,of ,,animal ,,instinct4 ,,wonders ,,of ,,bodily ,,strength ,,and ,,skill4 ,,wonders ,,of ,,acoustics4 ,,wonders ,,of ,,water4 ,,wonders ,,of ,,architecture4 ,,wonderful ,,adventures4 ,,wonderful ,,balloon ,,ascents4 ,,wonderful ,,escapes4 ,,books ,,for ,,children ,,and ,,young ,,people4 ,happy ,little ,people4 ,by ,,olive ,,patch4 ,with numerous ,illustrations4 ,crown #dto1 cloth1 gilt edges1 #es4 ,wild ,adventures in ,wild ,places4 ,by ,dr4 ,,gordon ,,stables4 ,illustrated throughout4 ,crown #dto1 cloth1 gilt edges1 #es4 ,my ,diary4 ,twelve ,coloured ,plates and #cff ,small ,woodcuts1 with blank space for every day in the year4 ,in elegant binding1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,old ,proverbs with ,new ,pictures4 ,with #fd fac-simile ,coloured ,plates from ,original ,designs by ,,lizzie ,,lawson4 ,the ,text by ,c4 ,l4 ,,mat,,aux4 ,handsomely bound1 #fs4 ,the ,wonderland of ,work4 ,by ,c4 ,l4 ,,mat,,aux4 ,with numerous ,original ,illustrations4 ,extra crown #dto1 cloth gilt1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,little ,folks' ,album of ,music4 ,containing a charming collection of ,music with ,words4 ,illustrated4 ,cloth1 gilt edges1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,peter ,parley's ,annual4 ,illustrated with ,nine ,coloured ,plates1 printed in ,oil1 and ,twelve full-page ,lithographs4 ,gilt edges1 #es4 ,three ,wise ,old ,couples4 ,a ,ludicrous ,book of ,laughable ,rhymes4 ,with #af ,original ,coloured ,plates4 ,crown #dto1 #es4 ,living ,pages from ,many ,ages4 ,with upwards of #ej full-page ,illustrations4 ,crown #dto1 cloth gilt1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,the ,little ,folks' ,holiday ,album4 ,illustrated4 ,cloth gilt1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,little ,folks4 ,half-yearly ,volumes1 each containing nearly #ejj ,pictures1 and ,coloured ,frontispiece4 ,coloured boards1 #cs4 #f;d42 cloth gilt1 gilt edges1 #es4 each4 ,the ,little ,folks ,illuminating ,book4 ,containing a ,series of ,texts in ,outline1 with ,coloured ,copies4 #as41 or cloth gilt1 #bs4 ,pictures to ,paint4 ,with ,coloured ,pictures by ,,kate ,,greenaway1 ,m4 ,e4 ,,edwards1 and others1 and ,outline ,copies4 ,price #as42 cloth gilt1 #bs4 ,the ,little ,folks ,painting ,book4 ,a ,series of ,outline ,illustrations1 by ,,kate ,,greenaway4 #as42 cloth1 #bs4 ,the ,little ,folks ,black and ,white ,painting ,book4 ,full of ,pictures4 #as42 in cloth gilt1 #bs4 ,little ,folks ,nature ,painting ,book4 ,with numerous ,illustrations4 #as42 cloth gilt1 #bs4 ,oberon's ,horn3 ,fairy ,tales by ,prof4 ,,henry ,,morley4 ,illustrated by ,c4 ,,bennett4 ,being a ,new and ,cheaper ,edition1 ,enlarged1 of ,the ,chicken ,market4 ,price #cs4 #f;d4 ,the ,old ,fairy ,tales4 ,collected and ,edited by ,,james ,,mason4 ,with numerous ,original ,illustrations4 ,coloured boards1 #as42 cloth1 gilt edges1 #as4 #f;d4 ,home ,chat with our ,young ,folks4 ,by ,c4 ,l4 ,,mat,,aux4 ,with #bjj ,engravings4 ,fcap4 #dto1 coloured boards2 #cs4 #f;d42 cloth1 gilt edges1 #es4 ,peeps ,abroad for ,folks at ,home4 ,by ,c4 ,l4 ,,mat,,aux4 ,profusely ,illustrated4 ,coloured boards1 #cs4 #f;d42 cloth gilt1 #es4 ,sunday ,chats with our ,young ,folks4 ,by ,c4 ,l4 ,,mat,,aux4 ,profusely ,illustrated4 ,coloured boards1 #cs4 #f;d42 cloth gilt1 #es4 ,around and ,about ,old ,england4 ,by ,c4 ,l4 ,,mat,,aux4 ,with numerous ,illustrations4 ,coloured boards1 #cs4 #f;d42 cloth gilt1 #es4 ,stories about ,animals4 ,by the ,rev4 ,t4 ,,jackson1 ,m4,a4 ,illustrated throughout4 ,coloured boards1 #cs4 #f;d42 cloth1 gilt edges1 #es4 ,stories about ,birds4 ,by ,m4 and ,e4 ,,kirby4 ,profusely ,illustrated4 ,extra fcap4 #dto1 coloured boards1 #cs4 #f;d42 cloth gilt1 #es4 ,paws and ,claws4 ,being ,true ,stories of ,clever ,creatures1 ,tame and ,wild4 ,illustrated throughout4 ,coloured boards1 #cs4 #f;d42 cloth gilt1 #es4 ,odd ,folks at ,home4 ,by ,c4 ,l4 ,,mat,,aux4 ,with nearly #aej ,illustrations4 ,cloth gilt1 #es4 ,the ,cosy ,corner ,series4 ,a ,series of ,story ,books for ,children4 ,each book containing nearly ,,one ,,hundred ,,full-,,page ,,pictures4 ,cloth gilt1 price #bs4 each4 ,,see-,,saw ,,stories4 ,,story ,,flowers ,,for ,,rainy ,,hours4 ,,little ,,chimes ,,for ,,all ,,times4 ,,dot',s ,,story ,,book4 ,,wee ,,willie ,,winkie4 ,,bright ,,sundays4 ,,little ,,talks ,,with ,,little ,,people4 ,,pet',s ,,posy ,,of ,,pictures ,,and ,,stories4 ,,bright ,,rays ,,for ,,dull ,,days4 ,,chats ,,for ,,small ,,chatterers4 ,,pictures ,,for ,,happy ,,hours4 ,,ups ,,and ,,downs ,,of ,a ,,donkey',s ,,life4 ,the ,children's ,sunday ,album4 ,by the ,author of ,a ,trap to ,catch a ,sunbeam4 ,containing upwards of #aej ,engravings1 with ,simple ,stories4 ,cloth gilt1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,the ,children's ,album4 ,containing nearly #bjj ,engravings1 with ,short ,stories by ,,uncle ,,john4 ,cloth gilt1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,swiss ,family ,robinson4 ,with #adj ,illustrations4 ,royal #hvo4 ,cloth1 #es42 full gilt1 #fs4 #f;d4 -- ,a ,complete ,list of ,,cassell ,,company',s ,children's ,books will be forwarded post free on application4 ,,cassell ,,company',s ,,complete ,,catalogue1 containing a ,list of ,several ,hundred ,volumes1 including ,bibles and ,religious ,works1 ,fine-,art ,volumes1 ,children's ,books1 ,dictionaries1 ,educational ,works1 ,history1 ,natural ,history1 ,household and ,domestic ,treatises1 ,handbooks and ,guides1 ,science1 ,travels1 c4 c41 together with a ,synopsis of their numerous ,illustrated ,serial ,publications1 sent post free on application to ,,cassell ,,company1 ,,limited1 ,ludgate ,hill1 ,london4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcriber's ,notes ,minor punctuation errors fixed on pages #e1 #ca1 #ef1 #ij1 #ib1 #ie1 #ig1 #ii1 #ajc1 #aab1 #aba1 #acd1 #afd1 #agi1 #ahj1 #ahd1 #ahf1 #aid1 #bjf1 #bjg1 #bbd1 and page #c of the ads4 ,the keys on pages #aje1 #aig1 and #aih have been split into two sections to fit the space here4 ,inconsistencies in hyphenation and original spellings have been retained1 except in the case of these apparent typographical errors4 ,page #e1 ,blindman's changed to ,blind man's4 7,blind man's ,buff7 ,page #e1 ,robbed changed to ,bobbed4 7,brother1 ,i'm ,bobbed7 ,page #f1 ,ninepins changed to ,nine pins4 ,page #f1 ,soldiers changed to ,soldier4 7,obedient ,soldier7 ,page #g1 #aje changed to #abe4 7,ranter go ,round #abe7 ,page #h1 ,ecart changed to cart4 7cart #abf7 ,page #aj1 meerschaun changed to meerschaum4 7444or a meerschaum pipe to a young lady47 ,page #dc1 interspered changed to interspersed4 7444the playing of which may be interspersed4447 ,page #ie1 neecessary changed to necessary4 7444it is hardly necessary to say4447 ,page #ii1 piagonally changed to diagonally4 7444numbers counted1 horizontally1 vertically1 or diagonally4447 ,page #ajf1 mutiply changed to multiply4 7444should be requested to multiply the number4447 ,page #agc1 de-deliberately changed to deliberately4 7444say eight1 deliberately counting them4447 ,page #agg1 ,,cunjuring changed to ,,conjuring4 7,,houdin',s ,,cups ,,and ,,balls ,,conjuring ,,tricks47 ,page #c of ads1 ,,architectur chsnged to ,,architecture4 7,,wonders ,,of ,,architecture47