,transcrib]'s note3 ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,italic text is d5ot$ by und]scores4 ,small capital text has be5 replac$ ) all capitals4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,expositor',s ,,bible ,,edit$ ,,by ,,! ,,rev4 ,w4 ,,rob]tson ,,nicoll1 ,m4,a41 ,,ll4,d4 ,editor ( ,! ,expositor ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,deut]onomy ,,by ,,&rew ,,h>p]1 ,b4,d4 ,,new ,,york ,a4 ,c4 ,,arm/rong ,,& ,,son #ea ,,ea/ ,,t5? ,,/reet #ahie ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,deut]onomy ,,by ,,! ,,rev4 ,,&rew ,,h>p]1 ,b4,d4 ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,hebrew ,,& ,,old ,,te/am5t ,,exegesis1 ,,ormond ,,college ,,)9 ,,! ,,univ]sity1 ,,melb\rne ,,new ,,york ,a4 ,c4 ,,arm/rong ,,& ,,son #ea ,,ea/ ,,t5? ,,/reet #ahie ,d$icat$ to ,,rev4 ,a4 ,b4 ,,davidson1 ,d4,d41 ,,ll4,d4 ,,new ,,college1 ,,ed9burgh ,,9 ,,v ,,grateful ,,remembrance ,,( ,,in/ruction ,,& ,,impulse ,,9 ,,old ,,te/am5t ,,/udies ,,preface4 ,an adequate exposition ( ,deut]onomy requires ! discussion ( _m topics4 ,! au?or has endeav\r$ to keep ^! v>i\s claims 9 view3 at ! same "t ! limits ( ! volume h dictat$ selection & compression4 ,9 p>ticul>1 a *apt] on miracle 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t has be5 :olly omitt$4 ,t topic _c be said to h a peculi> or exclusive relation to ,deut]onomy4 ,yet ! writ] w\ld h wi%$ to include 9 ! volume a reason$ /atem5t ( ! gr\nds on :i* he owns & ass]ts ! sup]natural 9 ,old ,te/am5t hi/ory2 all ! m because he admits critical views :i* h sometimes be5 associat$1 & /ill (t5] suppos$ to be associat$1 ) rationali/ic views g5]ally4 ,= ! pres5t ?is discussion is po/pon$4 ,9 "s in/ances1 also1 ! writ] has be5 oblig$ to cont5t himself ) /atem5ts on critical que/ions m brief ?an he c\ld h desir$2 b x is hop$ t en\gh has be5 said to expla9 ! position assum$1 & to make cle> ! ma9 l9es ( argum5t4 ,! task ( adju/+ ! matt] to ! space w\ld h be5 easi] if x _h seem$ legitimate to omit ! critical & ar*ological que/ions on ! "o h&1 or1 on ! o!r1 to leave unt\*$ ! be>+ ( ! ?\ghts & ,laws ( ,deut]onomy on ! religi\s hi/ory ( ! race1 & on ! dang]s & duties ( our own age4 ,b an exposition ( ,deut]onomy mu/ endeav\r to op5 ! appropriate outlooks 9 all ^! directions4 ,ow+ to ! au?or's di/ance f ,london ! "w ( pass+ ! book ?r\gh ! press has necess>ily be5 left :olly to o!rs4 ,x is hop$ t ov]sights :i* may h aris5 f ?is cause w be p>don$4 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,i ,,page ,,! ,,au?or%ip ,,& ,,age ,,( ,,deut]onomy #a ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,hi/oric ,,sett+ ,,( ,,deut]onomy #cg ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,div9e ,,gov]nm5t #dh ,,deut4 i4-iii4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,decalogue--,,its ,,=m #fj ,,deut4 v4 #a-ba4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,decalogue--,,its ,,sub/ance #gc ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,m$iator%ip ,,( ,,moses #ajf ,,deut4 v4 #bb-cc4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,love ,,to ,,god ,,! ,,law ,,( ,,life #aaf ,,deut4 vi4 #d1 #e4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,education--,,mosaic ,,view #adf ,,deut4 vi4 #f-be4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,ban #afh ,,deut4 vii4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,! ,,ban ,,9 ,,mod]n ,,life #ahd ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,! ,,bread ,,( ,,! ,,s\l #bjb ,,deut4 viii4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,israel',s ,,election1 ,,& ,,motives ,,= ,,fai?fulness #bah ,,deut4 ix4-xi4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,law ,,& ,,religion #bci ,,deut4 xii4-xxvi4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,laws ,,( ,,sacrifice #bec ,,deut4 xii4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,! ,,relation ,,( ,,old ,,te/am5t ,,sacrifice ,,to ,,*ri/ianity #bfg ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,laws ,,aga9/ ,,idolatr\s ,,acts ,,& ,,cu/oms #bgg ,,deut4 xiii41 xiv4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,! ,,speak]s ,,= ,,god--,i4 ,,! ,,k+ #bie ,,deut4 xvii4 #ad-bj ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,speak]s ,,= ,,god--,,ii4 ,,! ,,prie/ #cjh ,,deut4 xviii4 #a-h ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,speak]s ,,= ,,god--,,iii4 ,,! ,,prophet #ccd ,,deut4 xviii4 #i-bb ,,*apt] ,,xx ,,! ,,economic ,,aspects ,,( ,,israelite ,,life #cee ,,*apt] ,,xxi ,,ju/ice ,,9 ,,israel #cgg ,,*apt] ,,xxii ,,laws ,,( ,,purity 7,,*a/ity ,,& ,,m>riage7 #cif ,,*apt] ,,xxiii ,,laws ,,( ,,k9dness #daa ,,*apt] ,,xxiv ,,moses' ,,f>ewell ,,spee*es #dcc ,,deut4 iv4 #a-dj1 xxvii4-xxx4 ,,*apt] ,,xxv ,,! ,,song ,,& ,,bless+ ,,( ,,moses #deb ,,deut4 xxxii41 xxxiii4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvi ,,moses' ,,"* ,,& ,,dea? #dga ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,au?or%ip ,,& ,,age ,,( ,,deut]onomy ,9 approa*+ a book s spiritually great z ,deut]onomy1 x might seem sup]flu\s to allude to ! critical que/ions :i* h be5 rais$ conc]n+ x4 ,on any supposition z to orig9 & au?or%ip1 its spiritual elevation & ! moral impulse x gives are always !re2 & x might consequ5tly seem suffici5t to exp\nd & illu/rate ! text z we h x4 ,m9ute & vexati\s inquiry into details1 su* z any adequate treatm5t ( ! critical "q dem&s1 t5ds to draw away ! m9d1 9 a disa/r\s way1 f ! spiritual & moral purpose ( ! book4 ,t h[ev] is precisely :at ! expositor has to elucidate & apply2 & s x might seem to be an error 9 me?od to ent] ^u extrane\s matt]s su* z ^? ) :i* criticism has ma9ly to d4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ?is has to be tak5 into acc\nt4 ,! tru? ab\t ! composition ( a book1 ab\t ! au?orities x is f\nd$ on1 ab\t ! times 9 :i* & ! circum/ances "u :i* x 0 compos$1 if x be atta9able1 (t5 ?r[s a v welcome light ^u ! mean+4 ,x cle>s up obscurities1 removes *ances ( error1 & (t51 :5 two or ?ree possible pa?s h op5$ be=e u1 x %uts u up to ! "r "o4 ,b if t is ! case :5 no special conflict ( op9ion has aris51 x is mu* m s :5 a revolution ( op9ion conc]n+ ! :ole religi\s life ( a nation has be5 caus$ by ! critical view ( a book adopt$ by able m54 ,n[ t is pla9ly ! case "h4 ,deut]onomy has be5 ! key ( ! position1 ! c5tre ( ! conflict1 9 ! battle :i* has be5 wag$ s hotly z to ! gr[? ( religion 9 ,israel4 ,! attack ^u ! views hi!rto g5]ally held )9 ! ,*ur* 9 reg>d to t matt] has re/$ m ^u ! "* & date ( ,deut]onomy ?an ^u any?+ else4 ,consequ5tly e "p ( ! book has be5 ! object ( int5se & microscopic scrut9y1 & !re is sc>cely a c>d9al po9t 9 x :i* mu/ n be reg>d$ diff]5tly1 accord+ z we accept or reject ! /rictly ,mosaic orig9 ( ! book z a :ole1 or ev5 ( ! legal portions4 ,! diff]5ce is probably nev] absolutely fundam5tal4 ,on ei!r supposition1 z we h said1 ! spiritual & moral tea*+ rema9s ! same2 b ! m9d is apt to be cl\d$ ) h>ass+ d\bt z to _m important po9ts1 until cle> views on ! critical "q h be5 atta9$4 ,?is is felt m or less acutely by all read]s ( ! ,old ,te/am5t :o are t\*$ by rec5t debates1 & !y expect t any new exposition %all help !m to a cle>] view4 ,_m w ev5 dem& t "s ef=t 9 t direction %\ld be made2 &1 z we ?9k1 !y rightly dem& x4 ,b !re is /ill ano!r reason = deal+ ) ! que/ions ga!r+ r\nd ! au?or%ip & age ( our book1 & x is decisive4 ,! debate conc]n+ ! critical views ( ! ,old ,te/am5t has rea*$ a /age at :i* x is no long] conf9$ to ! pr(ess$ tea*]s & /ud5ts ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,x has filt]$ d[n1 ?r\gh magaz9es fir/1 & !n ?r\gh newspap]s1 into ! public m9d1 & op9ions are becom+ curr5t conc]n+ ! results ( criticism :i* are s p>tial & ill-in=m$ t !y _c b produce evil results ( a =midable k9d 9 ! ne> future4 ,by ^? :o are sceptically incl9$1 z well z by ^? :o cl+ mo/ closely to ! tea*+ ( ! ,*ur*es1 x is l\dly proclaim$ t ! acceptance ( ! critical view--viz4 t ! ,levitical law1 z a writt5 code1 came into exi/5ce aft] ! ,exile1 & t ,deut]onomy1 writt5 9 ! royal p]iod ( ,israelite hi/ory1 occupies a middle position betwe5 ! fir/ legislation 7,exod4 xx4-xxiii47 & ?is late/--de/roys ! "* ( ! ,old ,te/am5t z a record ( ,revelation1 & und]m9es ,*ri/ianity itself4 ,! =m] class rejoice t ?is %\ld be s1 & ?9k _! scepticism is !reby ju/ifi$4 ,! latt]1 on ! contr>y1 reject ! critical conclusions ) vehem5ce4 ,!y h f\nd ,god ?r\gh ! ,scripture1 &1 re/+ ^u ?is exp]i5ce1 !y turn away f !ories :i* !y believe to be 9 direct conflict ) x4 ,to write an exposition ( ,deut]onomy !re=e1 )\t correct+ ! false impression t ! critical view z to its age1 etc41 is incompatible ) fai? 9 a ,div9e revelation1 w\ld be to miss "o ( ! great opportunities :i* fall to writ]s on ! ,old ,te/am5t 9 our day4 ,que/ions reg>d+ ! age1 au?or%ip1 & lit]>y =m ( ! books ( ,scripture _c ultimately be s decid$ z to nullify ! te/imony borne to !m by ! exp]i5ce ( s _m g5]ations ( ,*ri/ian m5 & wom54 ,:atev] makes itself ultimately cr$ible to ! human m9d 9 reg>d to su* matt]s1 w always be capable ( be+ held along ) a belief 9 ! manife/ation ( ,himself :i* ,god has giv5 9 ! hi/ory & lit]ature ( ,israel4 ,b no?+ w make t fact s readily appreh5sible1 no?+ w make x /& out s cle>ly1 z an exposition ( a book l ,deut]onomy1 :i* takes acc\nt ( all t seems e/abli%$ 9 ! critical view4 ,ev5 ! mo/ extreme critical positions1 :5 sep>at$ f ! totally irrelevant assumption 7:i* too (t5 accompanies !m7 t miracle is unhi/orical1 are compatible ) a real fai? 9 ,revelation & ,inspiration4 ,x is n ! fact ( ,revelation1 b ! common conception ( its me?od1 :i* is *all5g$ by ! critical !ories4 ,we %all !re=e only try to meet a clamant ne$ ( our "t1 if we take ) u into ! explanation ( ! ,deut]onomic tea*+ a def9ite conclusion z to ! au?or%ip1 age1 & lit]>y "* ( ! book4 ,z reg>ds au?or%ip1 ! ord9>y op9ion /ill is t ,deut]onomy 0 writt5 by ,moses4 ,?is 0 ! view h&$ ov] to ,*ri/ianity 9 pre-critical ages by ! ,jews1 & accept$ z ! natural "o4 ,b if ! ,mosaic au?or%ip ( ! :ole cont5ts ( ! o!r books ( ! ,p5tateu* is n[ giv5 up1 mu* m %\ld x be giv5 up 9 ! case ( ,deut]onomy4 ,= ,deut]onomy does n ev5 claim to be writt5 by ,moses4 ,x is n m]ely t 9 x ,moses is (t5 spok5 ( 9 ! ?ird p]son2 t1 if x 7 c>ri$ out consi/5tly1 z x is1 = in/ance1 9 ,cs>'s ,comm5t>ies1 w\ld be compatible ) ,mosaic au?or%ip4 ,b :at we f9d is t ! au?or1 :5ev] he speaks himself1 purports to give a description 9 ! ?ird p]son ( :at ,moses did or said1#a :ile ,moses1 :5 he speaks1 always uses ! fir/ p]son4 ,! book1 consequ5tly1 falls naturally into two portions3 ! subsidi>y1 introductory framework ( /atem5t1 9 :i* ,moses is always spok5 ( 9 ! ?ird p]son1 toge!r ) ! hi/orical portions2 & ! utt]ances ( ,moses himself1 :i* ^! introduce & hold toge!r1 & 9 :i* ,moses always uses ! fir/ p]son4#b ,aga91 :]ev] ! expression beyond ,jordan is us$ 9 ! portions :]e ! au?or speaks = himself1 x signifies ! l& ( ,moab4#c ,:]ev]1 on ! contr>y1 ,moses is introduc$ speak+ 9 ! fir/ p]son1 beyond ,jordan d5otes ! l& ( ,israel4#d ,! only exception is iii4 #h1 :]e at ! beg9n+ ( a long ar*ological note1 :i* _c h orig9ally =m$ "p ( ! spee* ( ,moses1 & consequ5tly mu/ be a comm5t ( ! writ]1 or ( a lat] editor ( ,deut]onomy1 beyond ,jordan signifies ! l& ( ,moab4 ,if1 consequ5tly1 ! book be tak5 at its ^w1 !re c be no d\bt t x pr(esses to be an acc\nt ( :at ,moses did & said on a c]ta9 day 9 ! l& ( ,moab1 be=e 8 dea?1 writt5 by ano!r p]son1 :o liv$ to ! we/ ( ! ,jordan4 ,! au?or mu/ consequ5tly h liv$ aft] ,moses' day2 & he has tak5 pa9s by 8 use ( language to di/+ui% himself f ,moses 9 a mo/ unmi/akable way4 ,x is no d\bt possible1 ?\gh n probable1 t ,moses might h writt5 ( himself 9 ! ?ird p]son 9 ! connect+ passages1 & 9 ! fir/ p]son 9 ! rema9d] ( 8 book3 b t he %\ld h made ! anxi\s di/9ction we h se5 z to ! phrase beyond ,jordan does n seem possible4 #a ,driv]1 ,introduction1 #e? ,ed41 p4 #hd4 #b ,cf4 ,deut4 i4 #a-e1 iv4 #da-dc1 iv4 #dd1 v4 #a1 xxvii4 #a1 #i-aa1 xxix4 #a1 xxxi4 #a-cj4 #c ,cf4 ,deut4 i4 #a1 #e1 iv4 #da1 #df1 #dg1 #di4 #d iii4 #bj1 #be1 & xi4 #cj4 ,b if our book1 z we h x1 is n by ,moses1 b is an acc\nt by ano!r p]son ( :at ,moses did & said on a c]ta9 occasion1 t fact has a v important be>+ ^u ! spee*es report$ z ,mosaic4 ,= ! /yle ( ! :ole book up to ! end ( ! tw5ty-eigh? *apt] is1 = all practical purposes1 "o4 ,! p>ts :]e ! au?or speaks1 & ! p>ts :]e ,moses speaks1 are all alike 9 /yle1 & t /yle is 9 all respects diff]5t f ! /yle ( ! spee*es attribut$ to ,moses 9 o!r p>ts ( ! ,p5tateu*4 ,consequ5tly we _c accept ! spee*es & laws z be+ 9 ! v words ( ,moses4 ,!y may conta9 ! exact ideas ( ,moses1 b ^! h manife/ly pass$ ?r\gh ! m9d & clo!d !mselves 9 ! vocabul>y ( ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy4 ,ev5 ,delitzs* is q decisive on ?is po9t4#e ,9 ! t5? ( 8 ,p5tateu* ,kritis*e ,/udi51 aft] di/+ui%+ ! ,deut]onomi/ f ,moses1 he cont9ues ?us3 ,! addresses are freely reproduc$1 & he :o reproduces !m is ! same :o also contribut$ ! hi/orical framework & ! hi/orical details betwe5 ! addresses4 ,! same col\r+1 ?\gh 9 a less degree1 may also be rem>k$ 9 ! repetition ( ! law 9 *apt]s xii4-xxvi4 to :i* ! book owes its "n4 ,all ! compon5t p>ts ( ,deut]onomy1 n except+ ! legal prescriptions1 are wov5 ?r\gh & ?r\gh ) ! fav\rite phrases ( ! ,deut]onomi/4 #e ,cf4 ,p5tateu* ,kritis*e ,/udi5 9 ,lu?>dt's ,zeits*rift1 #ahhj4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 ! "q imm$iately sugge/s itself to :at degree ?is repres5tation ( ,moses' legislation c be reg>d$ z purely & unmix$ly ,mosaic4 ,0 ?is legislation giv5 9 ! ma9 or entirely by ,moses1 &1 if x 0 s giv51 may !re n be m+l$ ) :at he gave inf]5ces drawn by ! au?or 9 ^: /yle ! book is writt51 & adaptations dem&$ by ! exig5cies ( 8 lat] times8 ,a full discussion ( ?is po9t w\ld1 ( c\rse1 be out ( ! "q "h1 & x w\ld1 moreov]1 be sup]flu\s4 ,9 ,dr4 ,driv]'s article on ,deut]onomy 9 ,smi?'s ,diction>y ( ! ,bible1 & 9 8 ,introduction to ,hebrew ,lit]ature1 detail$ discussions w be f\nd4 ,all t is necess>y "h is t "o or two l>ge & sali5t aspects ( ! "q %\ld be look$ at4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x is important to "k :e!r ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy c h be5 a contempor>y ( ,moses1 or a y\ng] contempor>y ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,if he 71 ! relation betwe5 ! spee*es & legislation 9 8 book & t :i* ,moses actually utt]$ w\ld be simil> to t betwe5 ! spee*es ( ,*ri/ report$ by ,/4 ,john 9 8 ,gospel & ! actual words ( our ,"l4 ,!y might1 9 fact1 be tak5 to be 9 all respects a reliable1 ?\gh n a v]bal1 repres5tation ( :at ,moses actually said or comm&$4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 x %\ld be prov$1 ei!r f ! "* ( ! legislation itself1 or f ! evid5ce we h z to ! date ( ! au?orities :om ! ,deut]onomi/ quotes1 & ^u :om he relies1 t he mu/ h liv$ c5turies lat]1 !n any su* confid5ce w\ld be mat]ially weak5$4 ,n[ !re c be no d\bt1 to take ! la/ po9t fir/1 t ,deut]onomy1 tak5 z a legal code1 ?\gh n want+ 9 laws :i* h be5 fir/ =mulat$ by its au?or1 is ma9ly int5d$ to be a repetition & a re9=cem5t ( :at we f9d 9 ! ,book ( ! ,cov5ant 7,exod4 xx4-xxiii474 ,! result ( ,driv]'s c>eful tabulation ( ! subjects dealt ) 9 ! two codes is t ! laws 9 ,,je1#f viz4 ,exod4 xx4-xxiii4 7repeat$ p>tially 9 xxxiv4 #aj-bf7 & ! k9dr$ section xiii4 #c-af1 =m ! f\ndations ( ! ,deut]onomic legislation4 ,?is is evid5t z well f ! num]\s v]bal co9cid5ces z f ! fact t ne>ly ! :ole gr\nd cov]$ by ,exod4 xx4-xxiii4 is includ$ 9 x2 almo/ ! only exception be+ ! special comp5sations to be paid = v>i\s injuries 7,exod4 xxi4 #ah1 xxii4 #ae71 :i* w\ld be less necess>y 9 a manual int5d$ = ! p4 ,?is is also ! conclusion ( o!r s*ol>s1 & inde$ is pla9ly dem&$ by ! facts4 ,x is1 moreov]1 :at may be call$ ! ,biblical hypo!sis1 = ,moses is suppos$ to h be5 r5ew+ ! cov5ant made at ,horeb1 & repeat+ its conditions4 #f ,x is sc>cely necess>y to rem9d read]s t1 f ! po9t ( view ( ! critics1 ,j signifies "o ( ! con/itu5t docum5ts ( ! ,p5tateu* :i* uses ! "n ,yahweh = ,god4 ,its date is ab\t #hej ,b4,c4 ,e is t docum5t :i* uses ! "n ,elohim1 & may be dat$ ab\t ! same p]iod z ,j4 ,d is ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy1 :o wrote1 x is suppos$1 9 ! reign ( ,manasseh1 p]haps ab\t #fgj ,b4,c4 ,p is ! ,prie/ly docum5t1 :i* ,dillmann dates be=e ,deut]onomy1 b :i* mo/ critics ?9k 0 br\ght sub/antially into its pres5t %ape by ,ezra4 ,! portions ( ! ,p5tateu* assign$ to ^! v>i\s docum5ts w be f\nd 9 ,driv]'s ,introduction4 ,b 9 ! pres5t condition ( our k1 ! fact ( ,deut]onomy's dep5d5ce ^u ! ,book ( ! ,cov5ant br+s into view unexpect$ consequ5ces4 ,x is true1 c]ta9ly1 t ! laws ( ! latt] code exi/$ be=e !y 7 incorporat$ 9 ! text :]e we n[ f9d !m4 ,consequ5tly no v]bal co9cid5ces w\ld give u ! assurance t ! ,deut]onomi/ _h be=e him ! actual book 9 :i* ^! laws h come d[n to u4 ,b a conclusion may be rea*$ 9 ano!r way4 ,a comp>ison ( ! hi/orical portions ( ,deut]onomy ) ! correspond+ n>rative 9 ! previ\s f\r books ( our ,bible %[s t = 8 hi/ory also ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy relies ^u ^! e>li] n>ratives1 & t he mu/ h _h portions at lea/ ( !m be=e him 9 ! same text z we h n[4 ,! v]bal co9cid5ces tabulat$ 9 ,driv]1 pp4 #ge f41 z well z ! g5]al & exact agreem5t 9 ! ev5ts record$ 9 ,deut]onomy ) ^? record$ 9 ! e>li] books1 %[ t ! au?or has n only drawn 8 in=mation f ! same s\rces z ^? ( ! e>li] books1 b t he mu/ h _h be=e him at lea/ t section :i* conta9s ! laws4 ,n[1 z x happ5s1 9 ! c\rse ( ! analysis ( ! ,p5tateu* x has come to be all b univ]sally ackn[l$g$ t ,exod4 xx4-xxiii4 =m "p ( a docum5t :i* c be trac$1 dovetail$ into o!rs1 f ,g5esis to ,jo%ua1 & p]haps beyond x4 ,?is docum5t has be5 call$ by ,wellhaus5 ! ,jehovi/ docum5t1 & 9 all critical books x is ref]r$ to z ,,je1 z be+ made up ( two sections1 "o ( :i* uses ,yahweh = ! ,div9e "n1 & ! o!r ,elohim4 ,! only g5]ally kn[n s*ol> :o d5ies ! exi/5ce ( ,,je is ,pr(essor ,gre51 ( ,pr9ceton 9 ,am]ica1 :o1 rightly en\gh1 sees t ! ,mosaic au?or%ip ( ! ,p5tateu* _c be held1 if ^! sep>ate compon5t docum5ts are ackn[l$g$4 ,b ! sep>ate exi/5ce & "* ( ,,je may be reg>d$ z demon/rat$1 & also t x has be5 int]wov5 ) ano!r n>rative1 l>gely p>allel1 b :i* deals ( pref]5ce ) prie/ly matt]s1 & has consequ5tly be5 call$ ! ,prie/ codex1 or ,p4 ,toge!r ^! make up ! fir/ f\r books ( ! ,p5tateu*2 & ! rem>kable ?+ is t1 bo? z reg>ds law & hi/ory1 ,deut]onomy is dep5d5t ^u ,,je4 ,?r\gh\t ! p>allels j tabulat$1 says ,driv]1#g 7z well z 9 ! o!rs occurr+ 9 ! book71 n ! allusions only1 b ! words cit$1 w be f\nd1 all b uni=mly1 to be 9 ,,je1 n 9 ,p4 ,an important conclusion foll[s f ?is fact4 ,inasmu* z1 9 our exi/+ ,p5tateu*1 ,,je & ,p repeat$ly cross "o ano!r1 ! con/ant abs5ce ( any ref]5ce to ,p c only be reasonably expla9$ by "o supposition1 viz4 t :5 ,deut]onomy 0 compos$ ,,je & ,p 7 n yet unit$ into a s+le "w1 & ,,je alone =m$ ! basis ( ,deut]onomy4 ,& ?is is n ,driv]'s conclusion only4 ,dillmann1 :o argues ) spl5did ability aga9/ ,wellhaus5 = ! dat+ ( ,p 9 ! n9? c5tury ,b4,c4 in/ead ( aft] ! ,exile1 & consequ5tly consid]s t x 0 9 exi/5ce be=e ,deut]onomy1 /ill holds t 9 g5]al ,,je is ! ,deut]onomi/'s au?ority bo? = law & hi/ory1 cont5t+ himself ) affirm+ t ,d %[s und\bt$ acqua9tance ) laws1 etc41 kn[n to u only 9 ,p4 ,cle>ly1 !re=e1 ,deut]onomy mu/ h be5 writt5 aft] ,,je _h be5 made public1 or at lea/ aft] ,j & ,e _h be5 writt54 #g ,driv]1 ,introduction1 p4 #gf4 ,! "q !re=e arises1 :at is _! date8 ,an answ] c be gradually approa*$ 9 ?is way4 ,z ,,je reappe> z an elem5t 9 ! ,book ( ,jo%ua1#h & contribute to x an acc\nt ( ,jo%ua's dea? & burial1 !y _c h be5 writt5 by him1 nor be=e 8 dea?4 ,t is ! fir/ fix$ po9t4 ,!n we may proce$ a /ep fur!r4 ,9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,,je !re occur phrases :i* _c all be lat] glosses1 & :i* imply t ! l&1 :5 ! writ] liv$1 _h long ceas$ to be 9 possession ( ! ,canaanites1 if "s ( !m d n ev5 presuppose a "t :5 ! orig9al inhabitants _h be5 absorb$ into ,israel1 z ,solomon attempt$ to absorb !m by mak+ !m slaves ( ! ,/ate4 ,su* passages are ,g54 xii4 #f1 ,& ! ,canaanite 0 !n 9 ! l&2 ,g54 xiii4 #g1 ,moreov] ! ,canaanites & ! ,p]izzites dwell$ !n 9 ! l&2 ,g54 xl4 #ae1 9 :i* ,joseph says ( himself1 ,i 0 /ol5 away out ( ! l& ( ! ,hebrews1 a "n :i* ! c\ntry c\ld n h acquir$ till "s little "t at lea/ aft] ! conque/4 ,fur!r1 9 ,numb]s xxxii4 #da1 :i* belongs to ,j or ,e1 probably ! latt]1 we h an acc\nt ( ! rise ( ! "n ,hawwo? ,jair4 ,n[ 9 ,judges x4 #c-e we are in=m$ t ! ,jair f :om ! ,hawwo? ,jair _h _! "n 0 a judge 9 ,israel aft] ! "t ( ,abimele*1 :o made new conque/s = 8 tribe ea/ ( ! ,jordan4 ,unless1 !re=e1 ! unlikely hypo!sis be accept$ t bo? ! di/rict be>+ ?is "n 9 ,judges & its conqu]or are o!r ?an ^? m5tion$ 9 ,numb]s1 ! v]se br+s d[n ,,je at lea/ to ! p]iod ( ,abimele*1 :i* ,kautzs* 9 8 ,view ( ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,israelites1 app5d$ to 8 translation ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 /ates z ab\t #aabj ,b4,c41 i4e4 two hundr$ ye>s aft] ! ,exodus4 #h ,jo%4 xxiv4 #cj4 ,! next /ep is sugge/$ by ,g54 xxxvi4 #ca-ci1 a passage f ,,je 9 :i* a li/ ( ,edomite k+s is giv5 ) ?is head+3 ,^! are ! k+s t reign$ 9 ! l& ( ,edom be=e !re reign$ any k+ ov] ! *ildr5 ( ,israel4 ,t s5t5ce cle>ly _c h be5 writt5 be=e k+s arose 9 ,israel2 consequ5tly ,,je mu/ be lat] ?an ! days ( ,saul1 & probably ?an ,david1 s9ce ! ,israelite k+%ip appe>s to ! au?or's m9d "h z a firmly e/abli%$ in/itution4 ,! au?or ( ,deut]onomy mu/ h liv$ & writt5 at a /ill lat] date1 & we are ?us gradually br\ght d[n to ! "t ( ,solomon1 or p]haps ev5 lat]4 ,& ! lit]>y indications ( date confirm ?is conclusion4 ,= in/ance1 two books are quot$ occasionally 9 ,,je z au?orities1 :i* mu/ consequ5tly h exi/$ be=e t "w--! ,book ( ! ,w>s ( ,yahweh 7,numb4 xxi4 #ad1 #ae71 & ! ,book ( ,ya%> 7,jo%4 x4 #ab f474 ,! =m] has inde$ be5 decl>$ by ,geig] to be ! product ( false punctuation2 b sob]] critics h accept$ x & date x 9 ,solomon's day4 ,h[ev] t may be1 !re c be no d\bt t ! latt] actually exi/$1 & 0 probably a collection ( songs1 s9ce f x ! v]ses describ+ ! /&+ /ill ( ! sun & moon are quot$4 ,b we le>n f #b ,sam4 i4 #ah t ,david's beautiful lam5t = ,saul & ,jona?an 0 conta9$ 9 ?is book1 & 0 quot$ f x by ! sacr$ hi/orian4 ,! book mu/ !re=e h be5 compil$1 or at lea/ complet$1 aft] ,david's lam5t4 ,z x 0 manife/ly a compilation1 & ! poems x conta9$ may h be5 ( v v>i\s ages1 mu* /ress 9 our se>* = dates _c be laid ^u x4 ,x is /ill ( "s weight1 h[ev]1 t ?is po/-,davidic book is quot$ by ,,je2 s f> z x goes1 t fact confirms ! conclusion arriv$ at f o!r indications4 ,9 ! same way1 ! l+ui/ic indications1 ?\gh n ( !mselves conclusive1 po9t t[>ds ! same p]iod4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 true t we are z yet f> f hav+ a g5]al agreem5t z to ! hi/ory ( ! ,hebrew language4 ,t c only be e/abli%$ along ) ! hi/ory ( ! ,hebrew lit]ature & ! ,hebrew p2 & p]haps we nev] %all be able to fix any def9ite /ages 9 ! gr[? & decay ( ! language4 ,nev]!less no c>eful read] ( ,,je w d5y :at ,pr(essor ,driv] says reg>d+ !m3 ,bo? belong to ! gold5 p]iod ( ,hebrew lit]ature4 ,!y resemble ! be/ p>ts ( ,judges & ,samuel 7mu* ( :i* _c be greatly lat] ?an ,david's own "t72 b :e!r !y are actually e>li] or lat] ?an ^!1 ! language & /yle d n enable u to say4 ,!re is at lea/ no ar*aic flav\r p]ceptible 9 ! /yle ( ,,je4#i ,t is an admirably balanc$ judgm5t1 & we may rely ^u ! indication x gives z an additional confirmation ( :at we h already se5 to be probable4 #i ,introduction1 p4 #aag4 ,x is impossible t ^! v>i\s l9es ( inquiry %\ld conv]ge1 z !y h done1 t[>ds ! e>ly c5turies ( ! k+%ip z ! date ( ,,je1 if ,moses _h writt5 ,deut]onomy1 9 :i* ,,je is drawn ^u at e mom5t4 ,we may consequ5tly dismiss t view f9ally1 & admit t ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy _c well h writt5 be=e ! middle ( ! k+ly p]iod4 ,b we h /ill to inquire :at ! "* ( ! ,mosaic spee*es & ! ,mosaic writ+s giv5 9 ,deut]onomy is 9 t case4 ,_h ! au?or liv$ & writt5 ne> ! "t ( ,moses1 we might1 z has be5 said1 h accept$ !m z ! ,*ur* g5]ally accepts ! ,johann9e spee*es ( ,*ri/4 ,b if ! ,deut]onomi/ wrote f\r1 or five1 or six c5turies aft] ,moses1 :at are we to say8 ,9 "o view x mu/ be grant$ t 8 acc\nt may be z accurate z if x _h be5 writt5 )9 fifty ye>s ( ,moses' dea?4 ,= an au?or ( our own day1 by keep+ close to orig9al writt5 au?orities1 & /r5u\sly endeav\r+ to keep out ( 8 m9d any in=mation he may h z to lat] times1 may reproduce ) m>vell\s correctness ! actual /ate ( ?+s1 z reg>ds law & o!r dep>tm5ts ( public life1 :i* exi/$ 9 ,engl&1 say1 five hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,simil>ly ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy may h h&$ on to u1 )\t flaw or defect1 ! in=mation z to ,moses' say+s & do+s 9 ! pla9s ( ,moab :i* he _h receiv$ f ! writt5 acc\nts ( ,moses' contempor>ies4 ,he may h done s2 b :5 we consid] t 8 au?orities may h be5 9 "p n mu* e>li] ?an 8 own "t1 t ! critical sift+ ( hi/ory 0 !n unkn[n1 & f9ally & mo/ important ( all1 t ! ,deut]onomi/ has hortatory mu* m ?an purely hi/orical aims1 we _c evade ! "q :e!r a good deal t is "h set d[n to ,moses may n turn out to be additions to & d$uctions f ! orig9al ,mosaic g]ms ( law1 made by inspir$ law-giv]s & prophets :o took up & c>ri$ on ,moses' "w4 ,_m ass]t t ?is is s1 & we mu/ face & try to settle ! "q !y raise4 ,! !ory held by ^? :o mo/ /r5u\sly d5y ?is ass]tion is t all ! laws 9 ! ,p5tateu* are ,mosaic 9 ! /rict s5se1 t ! codes 7 giv5 by ,moses 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y n[ /& 9 ! ,p5tateu*1 & t !y 7 enact$ ) all _! modifications 9 a p]iod ( n m ?an =ty ye>s1 all ( :i* 0 sp5t 9 ! des]t4 ,9 ord] to asc]ta9 :e!r ?is view is t5able1 we %all take "o or two ( ! m important matt]s1 su* z ! place ( wor%ip1 ! ag5ts ( wor%ip1 & ! support ( ! cultus2 & we %all comp>e ! provisions ( ! v>i\s codes 9 ord] to see :e!r !y c be suppos$ to belong to s %ort a p]iod1 or to h be5 all enact$ by "o man4 ,let u take fir/ ! place ( wor%ip4 ,! ?ree codes--t call$ ! ,book ( ! ,cov5ant 7,exod4 xx4-xxiii471 t conta9$ 9 ,leviticus & ,numb]s & call$ ! ,levitical code1 & t 9 ,deut]onomy--all conta9 directions ab\t ?is4 ,9 ! fir/ ! prescriptions are 7,exod4 xx4 #bd73 ,an alt> ( e>? %alt ?\ make to ,me1 & ?\ %alt sacrifice ^u x ?y burnt (f]+s & ?y peace (f]+s1 ?y %eep & ?y ox54 ,9 e place :]e ,i cause ,my "n to be rememb]$ ,i w come unto & bless !e4 ,9 ! ,levitical law ! alt> is to be ( ,%ittim or acacia wood ov]laid ) copp]1 & ! place = x is to be 9 ! c\rt ( ! ,tab]nacle4 ,!re all sacrifices are to be (f]$1 & ?i!r e slaught]$ animal is to be br\ght 7,lev4 xvii4 #a ff471 & ?is is to be a /atute = ev] unto !m ?r\gh\t _! g5]ations4 ,9 ,deut]onomy aga9 7*ap4 xii47 x is enact$ t all sacrifices are to be br\ght unto ! place :i* ,yahweh y\r ,god %all *oose out ( all y\r tribes to put ,8 "n !re1 & v]4 #ba1 ,if ! place :i* ,yahweh ?y ,god ha? *os5 to put ,8 "n !re be too f> f !e1 !n ?\ %alt kill ( ?y h]d & ( ?y flock & eat !m z game 0 eat5 )\t br++ x to ! ,sanctu>y4 ,b ,moses is n repres5t$ z ord]+ ?is law to be introduc$ imm$iately4 ,x is only :5 !y g ov] ,jordan & dwell 9 ! l& :i* ,yahweh _! ,god give? !m1 & :5 ,he give? !m re/ f all _! enemies r\nd ab\t s t !y dwell 9 safety1 t !y are to d ?is4 ,nay1 accord+ to v]4 #bj ! new ord] is to be fully introduc$ only :5 ,yahweh _! ,god %all enl>ge _! bord] z ,he _h promis$1 i4e4 :5 _! b\nd>ies %\ld be 7xi4 #bd7 ! wild]ness on ! s\? & ,lebanon on ! nor?1 ! ,euphrates on ! ea/ & ! ,m$it]ranean on ! we/4 ,n[ ^! b\nd>ies 7 atta9$ only 9 ,david's day1 & ! re/ f all _! enemies r\nd ab\t 01 z ,dillmann says1 giv5 z a matt] ( fact only 9 ! times ( ,david & ,solomon 7cf4 #b ,sam4 vii4 #aa & #a ,k+s v4 #ah71 not)/&+ ,jo%4 xxi4 #db4 ,consequ5tly ! ,temple at ,j]usalem mu/ h be5 ! place ref]r$ to4 ,?is is di/9ctly ! view ( #a ,k+s iii4 #c & viii4 #af4 ,! latt] passage is peculi>ly emphatic4 ,solomon says1 at ! d$ication ( ! ,temple1 ,s9ce ! day t ,i br\ght =? ,my p ,israel out ( ,egypt1 ,i *ose no city out ( all ! tribes ( ,israel to build an h\se t ,my "n might be !re94 ,! ,deut]onomic view consequ5tly is t ! law requir+ sacrifice at "o sole alt> 0 int5d$ by ,moses to be en=c$ only aft] ! ,temple at ,j]usalem _h be5 built4 ,^! are ! provisions ( ! ?ree codes4 ,c !y h be5 ! successive ord9ances ( a man legislat+ "u ! influ5ce ( ,div9e inspiration )9 a p]iod ( less ?an =ty ye>s8 ,let u see4 ,! fir/ legislation 0 giv5 at ,s9ai1 9 ! ?ird mon? aft] ! ,exodus3 ! ,levitical legislation on ! matt] 0 giv5 ab\t n9e mon?s lat] :5 ! ,tab]nacle 0 f9i%$1 & dur+ t "t !y _h n remov$ f ,s9ai3 ?irty-eight ye>s aft]w>ds ! ,deut]onomic code 0 giv5 9 ! pla9s ( ,moab4 ,let u look at ! "* ( ! legislation giv5 fir/ ( all at ,s9ai4 ,! mean+ ( ! decisive phrase1 ,9 e place :]e ,i cause ,my "n to be rememb]$ ,i w come unto !e & bless !e1 has be5 mu* discuss$2 yet tak5 z x /&s1 )\t ref]5ce to laws :i* on any supposition are lat]1 x _c mean t sacrifices 7 to be (f]$ only at "o c5tral %r9e4 ,x specially provides = sacrifices be+ (f]$ at diff]5t places1 b re/ricts !m to places :i* ,yahweh ,himself has *os54 ,at e su* place ,he promises to come to !m & bless !m4 ,s mu*1 m5 ( all s*ools admit2 diff]5ce ( op9ion arises only z to :e!r ^! places are meant to be successive1 or :e!r !y may be simultane\s4 ,! view ( ^? :o accept all ! legislation ( ! ,p5tateu* z ,mosaic 9 ! /rict s5se is t ! places c\ld only be successive1 s9ce o!rwise ! words w\ld imply t orig9ally wor%ip at "o alt> 0 n prescrib$4 ,delitzs*1 = example1 ma9ta9s t ^! words imply necess>ily only ?is1 t ! place ( sacrifice w\ld1 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 be alt]$ by ,div9e appo9tm5t1 & he decl>es t to be _! mean+4 ,o!rs1 aga91 suppose t ! comm& 0 meant only to ju/ify wor%ip at ! v>i\s places :]e ! ,tab]nacle 0 call$ to halt on ! p's j\rney+s1 :e!r 9 ! wild]ness or 9 ,pale/9e4 ,n[ x _c be d5i$ t only on "s su* int]pretation c ,exodus be br\ght into h>mony ) ,leviticus1 & t und\bt$ly has influ5c$1 & rightly s1 ! s*ol>s :o take ?is view4 ,if x 7 t5able x w\ld be by f> ! mo/ satisfactory int]pretation4 ,b x c h>dly be consid]$ t5able if we look at ! "t at :i* ?is law 0 giv54 ,!re 0 z yet no o!r law1 & ?is 0 giv5 z soon z ! p came to ,m\nt ,s9ai4 ,! law 9 ,leviticus 0 n on any supposition giv5 till n9e mon?s lat]4 ,n[1 if ,exod4 xx4 #bd 0 meant = imm$iate use only1 & 0 sup]s$$ by ! ,levitical law aft] s %ort a "t1 x is difficult to und]/& :y x 0 giv51 & /ill m difficult to conceive :y x 0 pres]v$4 ,9 any case x _c h be5 und]/ood to comm& wor%ip at only "o place4 ,x c\ld h no o!r s5se ?an t ! p1 s long z !y 7 at ,s9ai1 7 to sacrifice only at ,s9ai :]e ,yahweh _h reveal$ ,himself1 or at o!r places 9 ! neighb\rhood :i* ,he %\ld sanctify1 or _h sanctifi$1 by reveal+ ,8 pres5ce at !m4 ,at any su* place1 if !re ,he _h once reveal$ ,himself1 ,he w\ld cont9ue to meet !m4 ,)\t ! col\r ?r[n ^u !m by succe$+ laws1 t is surely ! only mean+ t c\ld be put ^u ! words1 & s und]/ood !y und\bt$ly au?orise sacrifice at two or m places simultane\sly4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ?is law 0 meant m = ! future ?an ! pres5t1 z "s ( ! laws 9 ! ,book ( ! ,cov5ant und\bt$ly 71 x mu/ h be5 int5d$ to be 9 =ce concurr5tly ) ,lev4 i4 f4 ,b if s1 ! places x ref]s to _c be ! m]e halt+-places on ! wild]ness j\rney4 ,no d\bt ^! 7 det]m9$ by ,yahweh1 & ! tab]nacle 0 set up at places ,he may be said to h *os51 b ! places !mselves 7 ( no consequ5ce at all4 ,! ,div9e pres5ce is decl>$ to be always 9 ! ,tab]nacle4 ,t 0 c]ta9ly a place :]e ,yahweh caus$ ,8 "n to be rememb]$1 & )\t fur!r inquiry ab\t place1 ! m5 ( ,israel knew t ,he w\ld always meet !m & bless !m 9 sacrifice !re4 ,! diff]5t "* ( ! alt> 9 ! ,book ( ! ,cov5ant too1 a m]e heap ( e>? or unhewn /one1 & t 9 ! ,tab]nacle1 made ( acacia wood ov]laid ) copp]1 corroborates ! view t ! alt> aim$ at 9 ,exod4 xxiv4 is n ! ,tab]nacle alt>4 ,! only coh]5t view1 on ! supposition ( ! concurr5ce ( ! two laws1 is !re=e t :ile1 z a rule1 sacrifice 0 to be (f]$ at ! ,tab]nacle1 yet if ! p came to any place :]e ,yahweh _h caus$ ,8 "n to be rememb]$1 sacrifice might be (f]$ !re on an alt> ( e>? or unhewn /one1 z well z at ! ,tab]nacle4 ,ei!r way !re=e !re is p]mission to wor%ip at m ?an "o place4 ,b !n ! difficulty is t ,leviticus appe>s to d5\nce ^u pa9 ( be+ cut (f f ! p absolutely e sacrifice n (f]$ at ! ,tab]nacle4 ,n[ if s f> matt]s h be5 f> f cle> on ! traditional supposition ( ! date & ord] ( ^! codes1 a glance at ,deut]onomy w produce absolute confusion 9 e m9d4 ,z we h se51 ,deut]onomy repres5ts ,moses z re/rict+ sacrifice mo/ rigor\sly to "o alt> aft] ! build+ ( ! ,temple at ,j]usalem1 b virtually decl>+ t wor%ip at v>i\s %r9es 0 to be blameless until t "t4 ,we h also se5 t t is ! view tak5 by ! au?or ( ! ,book ( ,k+s4 ,n[ ?is might be reg>d$ z a tempor>y relaxation ( ! law1 int5d$ to meet ! difficult circum/ances ( a p]iod ( w> & conque/1 7 x n = "o ?+4 ,t is1 t ,moses 9 ,deut4 xii4 #h1 aft] prescrib+ wor%ip at "o alt>1 adds1 ,ye %all n d aft] all t we d "h ?is day1 e man :atsoev] is "r 9 8 own eyes1 & z if to r5d] mi/ake z to ! mean+ impossible1 9 v]4 #ac he expla9s v]4 #h ?us3 ,take he$ to ?yself t ?\ (f] n ?y burnt (f]+s 9 e place t ?\ see/4 ,not)/&+ ! ef=ts ( cons]vative s*ol>s l ,keil & ,br$5kamp to expla9 v]4 #h z a ref]5ce to ! int]missions 91 e4g41 ! daily sacrifice1 br\ght ab\t by ! des]t w&]+s1 or to ! arbitr>9ess & illegality ( ! g5]ation :i* _h br\ght judgm5t ^u !mselves by refusal to obey ,yahweh 9 attack+ ,canaan1 x /ill seems impossible to accept t view4 ,( c\rse if we knew t ,moses 0 ! giv] ( all ^! laws1 ^! words w\ld h to be expla9$ away 9 "s su* fa%ion4 ,b if !y are approa*$ by an inquir] seek+ to discov] :e!r !y all are ,mosaic1 s\nd exegesis dem&s t !y %\ld be tak5 z ,dillmann & o!rs take !m4 ,9 ! pla9 s5se ( words ,moses "h admits t1 up till ! "t at :i* he is speak+1 sacrifices 7 (f]$ :]ev] m5 *ose1 & t he _h p>ticipat$ 9 ! practice4 ,& obs]ve1 he does n ref] to ! ,levitical law4 ,he does n say ?is conduct ( ours is a s9 :i* we mu/ rep5t ( & turn f at once4 ,he calmly p]mits ?is /ate ( ?+s to cont9ue aft] ,israel is 9 ,canaan1 & looks =w>d ) equanimity to its cont9uance till ! ,temple %all be erect$ 9 ,j]usalem4 ,) ?is passage be=e u we ask1 ,c ?is be ! same inspir$ legislator :o ?irty-eight ye>s be=e compell$ sacrifice at "o c5tral alt> on pa9 ( dea?8 ,! traditional hypo!sis be+ ?us encompass$ ) difficulties1 /ud5ts ( ! ,old ,te/am5t h s\ght ano!r :i* w\ld correspond bett] ) all ! data4 ,rely+ ^u ! fact t ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy f\nds 8 book almo/ entirely on ,,je1 & t if he kn[s "s ( ! laws & "s ( ! facts m5tion$ 9 ,p only1 !re are no pro(s t he knew t book z we h x1 !y put x aside 9 ?is matt] also4 ,imm$iately1 :5 t is done1 light breaks 9 ^u our problem4 ,if we take ,exod4 xxiv4 #bj 9 ! natural s5se giv5 to x above1 sacrifice at v>i\s alt>s 0 p]mitt$ f ,s9ai onw>ds1 ! only limitation be+ t !re %\ld h be51 at ! place *os51 au!ntic pro( ( a !ophany or "s o!r manife/ation ( ! ,div9e pres5ce4 ,t is ! /ate ( ?+s out ( :i* ,moses speaks 9 ,deut]onomy4 ,x w be notic$1 h[ev]1 t !re is a slight contradiction ( ,exod4 xx4 #bd4 ,! ,moses ( ,deut]onomy speaks z if e man's arbitr>y *oice _h be5 8 only guide4 ,probably1 h[ev]1 ) 8 m9d full ( ! /r+5t unity he desires to see1 he speaks hyp]bolically ( ! loos5ess ( ! =m] law1 & means no?+ else ?an ! practice prescrib$ by x4 ,9 all ways ?is view is support$ by ! hi/ory4 ,f ! patri>*s till ! "t ( ,samuel1 ! practice 0 to sacrifice at v>i\s alt>s4#aj ,consequ5tly1 accord+ to bo? ! ,book ( ! ,cov5ant & ,deut]onomy1 & accord+ to ! hi/ory1 ! wor%ip ( ,yahweh at sacr$ places ?r\gh\t ! l& 0 legal1 until ! ,temple 0 erect$ at ,j]usalem4 ,! c5tralisation ( wor%ip 01 consequ5tly1 a new ?+ :5 ! division ( ! k+doms took place1 & 0 n an express law till ,deut]onomy4 ,if t book 0 n writt5 till p]haps ,hezekiah's day1 ! fact w acc\nt z no?+ else w d = ,elijah's words 7#a ,k+s xix4 #aj71 ,! *ildr5 ( ,israel h =sak5 ,?y cov5ant1 ?r[n d[n ,?9e alt>s1 & sla9 ,?y prophets ) ! sword4 ,ev5 9 ! pres5ce ( ,yahweh he1 )\t rebuke1 calls ! alt>s 9 ! ,nor!rn ,k+dom ,84 #aj ,cf4 = ! passages on :i* ?is /atem5t is f\nd$ ,driv]'s ,introduction1 p4 #hj1 & note 9 small pr9t4 ,! fir/ attempt we "k ( to c5tralise wor%ip 0 made by ,hezekiah2 a second & m /r5u\s attempt 0 made "u ,josiah1 b ! "w 0 n actually accompli%$ till aft] ! ,return f ! ,captivity4 ,all ! facts tak5 toge!r sugge/ t ! movem5t t[>ds c5tralisation 0 an age-long developm5t4 ,at fir/ all holy places might be sacrific$ at1 ?\gh a c]ta9 primacy belong$ to a c5tral sanctu>y1 & ?is may h be5 /amp$ by ,moses ) approval4 ,:5 ! ,solomonic ,temple 0 built ! primacy began to take ! =m ( a claim = exclusive validity4 ,! exp]i5ces 9 bo? k+doms /r5g!n$ t claim1 by %[+ t if ,yahwism 0 to be kept pure ! wor%ip at ! ,high ,places mu/ be aboli%$4 ,! inspir$ writ] ( ,deut]onomy !n complet$ ,moses' "w by embody+ t :i* _h be5 always a t5d5cy ( ! ,mosaic sy/em1 & _h n[ become a necessity1 9 8 revisal ( ! ,mosaic legislation4 ,?is 0 adopt$ by ! nation "u ,josiah1 & ! ,prie/ ,codex mu/ 9 t case repres5t a lat] /age ( ! developm5t1 :5 ! c5tralisation 0 nei!r a t5d5cy nor a dem&1 b a realis$ fact4 ,su* a process acc\nts mu* bett] = ! facts ?an ! traditional belief2 & ?\gh x is n free f difficulties x at lea/ releases u f ! confusion ( m9d :i* ! ord9>y supposition =ces ^u u4 ,! inquiry z to ! ag5ts ( ! cultus ne$ n deta9 u s long4 ,9 ! ,book ( ! ,cov5ant no prie/s are m5tion$ at all4 ,! p]son address$1 ! ?\ ( ^! *apt]s1 :i* is ei!r ! individual ,israelite or ! :ole community1 has be5 held by "s to indicate t ! individual (f]] 0 ! only ag5t 9 sacrifice4 ,b t is to press ! ^w too f>4 ,ev5 9 ,leviticus1 :ile ! :ole p are address$1 ! actions enjo9$ or prohibit$ are su* z are done by any man ( !m1 & 9 ,deut4 xii4 #ac we h precisely ! same expression1 ,take he$ to ?yself t ?\ (f] n ?y burnt (f]+s 9 e place t ?\ see/1 us$ at a "t :5 !re 0 und5iably a prie/ly tribe & ev5 ! ,high ,places _h a regul> prie/hood4 ,b :ile 9 ,exod4 xx4-xxiii4 !re is no evid5ce to %[ :e!r a prie/hood exi/$1 9 ! previ\s *apt] 7xix4 #bb1 #bd7 prie/s :o come ne> to ,yahweh are twice m5tion$4 ,?is w\ld be a fact ( ! fir/ importance 7 x n t ! words occur 9 a passage :i* is admitt$ to be 9 its pres5t %ape ! "w ( ! lat] editor4 ,dillmann ma9ta9s1 & ) good reason1 t he has ins]t$ & adapt$ "h a fragm5t ( ,j4 ,if s !n ,j may h held ! view t !re 7 prie/s be=e ,s9ai 0 rea*$1 b "u ! circum/ances we _c be c]ta9 t ! m5tion ( !m may n be an ana*ronism introduc$ by ! lat] h&4 ,9 fav\r ( ! view t x is s is ! fact t 9 ! acc\nt giv5 by ,,je ( ! ratification ( ! ,cov5ant betwe5 ,yahweh & ! p 7,exod4 xxiv4 #a ff471 ,moses erect$ an alt> & !n s5t ! "y m5 ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel :i* (f]$ burnt (f]+s & sacrific$ peace (f]+s ( ox5 unto ,yahweh4 ,he himself h[ev] p]=m$ ! specially prie/ly act ( spr9kl+ ! blood ^u ! alt>4 ,_h !re be5 prie/s or ,levites accu/om$ to p]=m prie/ly functions1 we %\ld h expect$ !m to act1 in/ead ( ! "y m5 ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 we mu/ n omit to notice t ! ,levites occupy 9 all ^! transactions1 z n>rat$ by ,,je1 a v prom95t position4 ,dillmann1#aa z we h se51 sep>at+ ,j & ,e1 consid]s t ! passages 9 :i* prie/s be=e ! ,s9aitic legislation are spok5 ( belong to ,j1 & adds3 ,inde$1 x appe>s f ,exod4 iv4 #ad1 ',is n ,a>on ! ,levite ?y bro!r8' & xxiv4 #a1 #i1 t = him ev5 !n ! ,levites 7 ! prie/ly p]sons4 ,to ^! passages ,driv] adds ,exod4 xviii4 #ab3 ,& ,je?ro1 ,moses' fa!r-9-law1 took a burnt (f]+ & sacrifices = ,god2 & ,a>on came1 & all ! eld]s ( ,israel1 to eat bread ) ,moses' fa!r-9-law be=e ,god4 ,fur!r1 ,nadab & ,abihu are ,levites1 nay1 sons ( ,a>on1 & 9 ,exod4 xxiv4 #a & #i !y g ) ,moses1 ,a>on1 & ! sev5ty eld]s z ! complete repres5tation ( ! p1 & ,moses1 himself a ,levite1 p]=ms all ! great] prie/ly acts4#ab ,moreov] ,,je kn[s ( ! ark1 & speaks frequ5tly ( ! t5t ( meet+ 7,exod4 xxxiii4 #g ff42 ,numb4 xi4 #bd f41 xii4 #d ff4 & ,deut4 xxxi4 #ad ff474 ,b a v notable ?+ 9 connection ) ! inquiry z to ! p]=m]s ( prie/ly duties appe>s 9 ,exod4 xxxiii4 #g ff41 :]e ,e's acc\nt ( ! t5t ( meet+ is giv54 ,:5 ,moses turn$ aga9 into ! camp 8 m9i/] 7me%>e?o7 ,jo%ua1 ! son ( ,nun1 a "y man1 dep>t$ n out ( ! t5t1 yet ,jo%ua 0 an ,ephraimite 7#a ,*ron4 vii4 #bb-bg74 ,9 ,exod4 xxxii4 #bi1 h[ev]1 ! same au?ority describes ! consecration ( ! ,levites to ! prie/hood1 aft] ! apo/asy ( ! gold5 calf4 #aa ,dillmann1 ,exodus & ,leviticus1 p4 #aii4 #ab ,jo%4 iii4 #ad-ag & passim4 ,9 ,deut]onomy1 on ! contr>y1 ! prie/s are v prom95t2 !y are call$1 h[ev]1 ! ,levitical prie/s1 or prie/s simply1 b nev] sons ( ,a>on4 ,! :ole tribe ( ,levi is reg>d$ z prie/ly 9 "s s5se4 ,!y con/itute1 9 fact1 a cl]ical ord]1 ?\gh !re are cle> indications ( ranks1 ( m5 be+ assign$ to special duties4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 ! tribe ?us highly hon\r$ is spok5 ( z be+ notori\sly & all b univ]sally poor4 ,no sacrifice c legitimately be (f]$ )\t !m2 &1 ?\gh ! "q ( ! place ( sacrifice has n yet be5 f9ally settl$1 ! position ( ! ,levitical prie/s z sacrific]s is s entirely e/abli%$ t x is reg>d$ z ne$+ nei!r ass]tion nor ju/ification4 ,nay1 9 "o passage1 ,deut4 x4 #f--:i* !re is no valid reason1 except ! wi% to get rid ( its cont5ts1 = suppos+ to belong to ano!r au?ority ?an ,d#ac--! h]$it>y succession to ! *ief place among ! prie/hood is assign$ to ! family ( ,a>on4 ,9 xviii4 #e also ! h]$it>y "* ( ! prie/hood is ass]t$ 9 ! words1 ,= ,yahweh ?y ,god ha? *os5 him--i4e4 ! prie/--out ( all ?y tribes1 to /& to m9i/] 9 ! "n ( ,yahweh1 him & 8 sons = ev]4 ,z = ! body ( ! ,levites1 _! position is some:at ill-def9$4 ,on ! au?ority ( xviii4 #f ff4 _m claim t at ! date ( ,deut]onomy e ,levite 01 at lea/ pot5tially1 a prie/1 t 9 fact ,levite & prie/ 7 synonym\s4 ,b1 z w appe> 9 ! exposition ( ! v]ses ref]r$ to1 t is a v que/ionable proposition4 ,nev]!less x _c be d5i$ t 9 ,deut]onomy ! l9e betwe5 prie/s & ,levites is a v indi/9ct "o2 !re is prima facie reason to believe t x c\ld be pass$1 & ! gap betwe5 ! two is c]ta9ly n ne>ly s wide z x appe>s to be 9 ! und5iably po/-exilic lit]ature4 #ac ,driv]1 ,introduction1 p4 #ade2 ,oettli1 ,deut]onomy1 p4 #g2 ,ku551 ,h4,k4,o41 p4 #aac4 ,9 ! ,prie/ ,codex aga91 ! prie/hood is conf9$ exclusively to ! h\se ( ,a>on1 ) ! high prie/ at _! head4 ,! ,levites h no possible way ( entrance into ! prie/hood4 ,!y are ,yahweh's gift to ! prie/s1 & are conf9$ mo/ /rictly to ! duty ( wait+ ^u ^! 9 ! m9i/ration ( ! ,sanctu>y4 ,!y h none b ! mo/ subord9ate %>e 9 ! sacrifices2 !y are %ut out f ! holy places ( ! ,tab]nacle2 & !y h assign$ to !m cities 9 :i* !y may dwell toge!r :5 !y are n on duty at ! ,sanctu>y4 ,!re is no ^w !re ( ,levites be+ poor1 & altoge!r ! position ( ! tribe is1 ?r\gh ! prie/s1 mu* m dignifi$ & prosp]\s 9 a worldly s5se ?an we f\nd x to be 9 ,deut]onomy4 ,n[1 tak+ all ^! data toge!r1 we f9d "h1 j z we did 9 ! previ\s section1 t ! ,levitical law is a di/urb+ elem5t betwe5 ,exodus & ,deut]onomy4 ,if we take x out ( ! way1 ,j1 ,e1 & ,d h>monise well en\gh4 ,! ma9 diff]5ce is t ! latt] %[s ! same fundam5tal conditions z we f9d 9 ! =m]1 only consolidat$ & develop$ by "t1 b by a long] "t ?an =ty ye>s4 ,9 fact ,d makes explicit t importance ( ! ,levites :i* is only h9t$ at & =e%ad[$ 9 ,,je4 ,!y h come to be ! only au?oris$ ag5ts ( sacrifice2 !y h a h]$it>y head%ip 9 ! h\se ( ,a>on2 v>i\s ord]s & degrees mu/ be held to exi/ 7cf4 ,deut4 xviii4 #a ff474 ,comp>$ ) ?is /ate ( ?+s1 ! ,levitical arrangem5ts ( ,p1 suppos$ to h be5 giv5 ?irty-eight ye>s be=e1 are v diff]5t4 ,9 e respect !y are m def9ite1 m detail$1 & %[ a mu* m diff]5tiat$ organisation ?an ^? sket*$ 9 ,deut]onomy4 ,^! latt] indicate a /ate ( matt]s :i* w\ld suit admirably z an embryonic /age ( ! full-gr[n ,levitical sy/em1 & :i* c h>dly be fitt$ into _! place o!rwise4 ,x is sugge/$1 9 reply1 t allusions 9 ,deut]onomy imply ! exi/5ce ( a sy/em ( a mu* m elaborate k9d ?an any t we c\ld con/ruct f ! explicit /atem5ts ( ! book1 & t is c]ta9ly true4 ,b no reasonable int]pretation ( ^! allusions c lead u to a sy/em id5tical ) t 9 ,p4 ,nor c ,deut]onomy's use ( ! "n ,levites 7?\gh und\bt$ly x has be5 press$ by "s too f>7 be held to be consi/5t ) ! public recognition ( ! great gulf fix$ 9 ,p betwe5 ! ,a>onic prie/s & ! ,levites z a body4 ,nor w ! fact t ,deut]onomy is ! p's book1 & is consequ5tly n call$ ^u to g into te*nical details1 cov] ! diff]5ce4 ,inde$ no?+ w1 %ort ( recognis+ ! fact t1 z publicly ackn[l$g$ organisations1 ! tribe ( ,levi 9 ,p & ! tribe ( ,levi 9 ,d are diff]5t1 & t ! /ate ( ?+s 9 ,d's day is e>li] ?an t 9 ,p4 ,if ?is is n s1 !n ! ,levitical legislation1 conceiv$ z giv5 by ,moses1 mu/ be held to h prov$ impracticable1 & ,deut]onomy mu/ !n be reg>d$ z an abrogation ( x = ! "t4 ,& ! same conclusions sugge/ !mselves if we look m closely into ! curi\s fact t ,deut]onomy always speaks ( ! ,levites z poor4 ,"s h suppos$ t ?is pov]ty is ! result ( ! c5tralisation ( ! cultus :i* ! au?or dem&s1 & t ! con/ant insi/5ce t ! ,levite %all be invit$ to all sacrificial fea/s1 along ) ! wid[ & ! orphan1 & o!r helpless classes1 is a provision aga9/ ! pov]ty to be br\ght ^u !m by ! abolition ( ! ,high ,places4 ,b t is n s4 ,we "k ! mann] ( ! ,deut]onomi/ :5 he is provid+ = cont+5cies aris+ f ! new /ate ( ?+s he wi%es to br+ ab\t1 & x is q diff]5t f 8 mann] "h4 ,cle>ly1 ! ,levites 7 poor be=e ! suppression ( ! ,high ,places1 & 7 s1 z ,deut]onomy tells u1 f ! fact t !y _h no inh]itance 9 ! l&4 ,b t pov]ty is n consi/5t ) _! :ole position z sket*$ 9 ! ,levitical legislation4 ,!re we h ! ,levites laun*$ z a regul>ly organis$ prie/ly corporation1 end[$ ) ample rev5ues1 & rul$ & repres5t$ by a high prie/ ( ! family ( ,a>on1 clo!d ) p[]s almo/ royal1 surr\nd$ by a prie/ly nobility ( 8 own family & by a bodygu>d ( tribesm5 entirely at 8 disposal4 ,su* a body nev] has rema9$ *ronically & notori\sly poor4 ,9 ! wild]ness !y w\ld n be s 9 contra/ ) o!rs1 = all 7 poor1 & !re 0 no?+ to h9d] ! ,levites hav+ cattle z ! o!r tribes _h1 & be+ on ! same level z !y4 ,9 ! promis$ l&1 in/ead ( becom+ poor1 !y w\ld at once ent] ^u ! enjoym5t ( _! v>i\s ti!s & dues1 & w\ld moreov] h su* a %>e 9 ! booty ( ,canaan z w\ld m ?an make up at fir/ = _! want ( a h]itage4 ,! prie/s 7 to receive "o five-hundr$? "p ( ! army's half1 & ! ,levites ! fiftie? %>e ( ! p's half 7,numb4 xxxi4 #bh ff474 ,gradually1 too1 !y w\ld be put 9 possession ( ! prie/ly cities4 ,evid5tly1 !re=e1 if ! ,levites 7 ev] poor1 x _c h be5 till "s "t aft] ,israel _h be5 settl$ 9 ! l&1 & !n only if ,p's laws & organisations ( ! tribe 7 n en=c$4 ,deut]onomy supports ! same argum5t4 ,s9ce want ( a h]itage 0 ! cause ( ! ,levites' pov]ty1 !y _c h be5 exceptionally poor 9 ! wild]ness4 ,nor c !y h be5 poor dur+ ! "t ( ! conque/2 = ev5 if ! ,levitical law 0 9 =ce & ! tribe 0 !n :olly organis$ = ! prie/hood1 !y mu/ h %>$ 9 ! fight+ & ! spoil4 ,b if ! ord] ( legislation1 z we ma9ta91 0 7#a7 ,exodus xx4-xxiii41 7#b7 ,deut]onomy1 7#c7 ! ,prie/ ,codex1 !n z ! booty f w> ceas$ to be a s\rce ( income1 ! ,levites z a body rema9+ nomads1 :ile ! o!r tribes became agricultural1 w\ld necess>ily become poor 9 comp>ison ) _! fell[-c\ntrym54 ,x is out ( t /ate ( ?+s ! ,deut]onomi/ speaks4#ad #ad ,see fur!r 9 exposition ( *apt] xvii2 xviii4 ,! same conclusions foll[ :5 ! regulations are exam9$ :i* be> ^u ! support ( ! prie/ly tribe4 ,! out/&+ matt]s 9 ?is dep>tm5t are ti!s & fir/l+s4 ,space w n admit ( a full discussion ( ^! topics2 b if ! read] w comp>e1 9 reg>d to ti!s1 ,numb4 xviii4 #ba-bd & ,lev4 xxvii4 #cj1 #cb1 ) ,deut4 xii4 #ag1 & 9 reg>d to fir/l+s ,numb4 xviii4 #ah ) ,deut4 xii4 #f1 #ag f41 & xv4 #ai f41 he w see t ! application ( ti!s & ( fir/l+s accord+ to ,deut]onomy is q diff]5t f t 9 ! ,levitical legislation4 ,! diff]5ce is su* z w n comport ) ! hypo!sis ( a s+le legislator & a consi/5t legislation4 ,exp$i5ts ) a view to solve ! difficulty h be5 sugge/$ by ,keil & o!rs2 b ea* ( ^? exp$i5ts is burd5$ ) specific difficulties ( its own4 ,! inevitable conclusion f all ?is w\ld seem to be t 9 ! ,deut]onomic z 9 ! ,levitical laws we h n ! legislation ( ,moses or ( 8 age alone4 ,! roots ( all ! legislative codes are ,mosaic1 b 9 all save p]haps ! ,book ( ! ,cov5ant ! trunk & bran*es are ( mu* lat] gr[?4 ,! au?ors ( !m are n c>eful to di/+ui% :at came f ,moses himself f t :i* _h be5 develop$ out ( x "u ! influ5ce ( ! same inspiration4 ,9 bo? ,d & ,p !re 7 ,mosaic elem5ts1 & 9 bo? !re are laws n giv5 by him4 ,to dis5tangle ^! completely n[ is impossible1 & x is probably be/ = expository purposes to take ! codes z giv+ :at ! ,mosaic legislation _h become at ! "t ( ! writ]4 ,:at we h 9 ,deut]onomy !re=e _c be bett] describ$ ?an 9 ,driv]'s words 7,introduction1 p4 #he71 z ! prophetic re-=mulation & adaptation to new ne$s ( an old] legislation4 ,its relations to ! o!r codes are z ! same critic /ates 7p4 #ga73 ,x is an expansion ( t 9 ,,je 7,exod4 xx4-xxiii472 x is1 9 sev]al features1 p>allel to t 9 ,lev4 xvii4-xxvi42 x conta9s allusions to laws su* z ^? codifi$ 9 "s p>ts ( ,p1 :ile f ^? conta9$ 9 o!r p>ts ( ,p x diff]s widely4 ,& ! /ate ( ?+s 9 :i* ^! v>i\s codes orig9at$ is m & m com+ to be conceiv$ 9 ! mann] /at$ by ,dr4 ,a4 ,b4 ,davidson4#ae ,x is evid5t1 he says1 t two /reams ( ?\ght1 bo? issu+ f a f\nta9 z high up z ! v orig9 ( ! nation1 ran side by side d[n ! :ole hi/ory ( ! p1 ! prophetic & ! prie/ly4 ,9 ! "o ,jehovah is a moral rul]1 a righte\s k+ & judge1 :o puni%es iniquity judicially or =gives s9s freely ( ,8 m]cy4 ,9 ! o!r ,he is a ,p]son dwell+ among ,8 p 9 a h\se1 a ,holy ,be+ or ,nature1 s5sitive to e uncleanness 9 all t is ne> ,him1 & requir+ its removal by lu/rations & atonem5t4 ,^? *]i%+ ! latt] circle ( conceptions might be z zeal\s = ! ,"l ( ,ho/s z ! prophets4 ,& ! developm5ts ( ! national hi/ory w\ld ext5d _! conceptions & lead to ! amplification ( practices embody+ !m1 j z !y ext5d$ ! conceptions ( ! prophets4 ,a gr[? ( prie/ly ideas is q z probable z a gr[? ( prophetic ideas4 ,t ! /reams ran ap>t is no evid5ce t !y 7 n equally anci5t & always contemporane\s1 = we see ,j]emiah & ,ezekiel bo? fl\ri%+ 9 "o age4 ,at "o po9t 9 ! hi/ory ! prophetic /ream 0 swell$ by an infl[ f ! prie/ly1 z is se5 9 ,deut]onomy1 & f ! ,re/oration d[nw>ds bo? /reams appe> to coalesce4 #ae ,ezekiel1 ,introduction1 p4 liv4 f4 ,! actual date ( ,deut]onomy /ill rema9s to be settl$4 ,already x has be5 br\ght d[n to po/-,solomonic days4 ,h[ mu* lat] mu/ x probably be put8 ,! book mu/ h be5 writt5 be=e ! eighte5? ye> ( ,josiah1 #fba ,b4,c41 = ! ,book ( ! ,law :i* 0 !n f\nd 9 ! ,temple 0 und\bt$ly n ! :ole ,p5tateu*1 b approximately ,deut4 i4-xxvi4 ,b x c h>dly h be5 produc$ 9 ,josiah's reign1 because x w\ld nev] h be5 p]mitt$ to drop out ( sight _h x be5 kn[n to t pi\s k+ & ! re=m+ high prie/ ,hilkiah4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x c h>dly h be5 writt5 or kn[n be=e ,hezekiah's re=ms1 = o!rwise x w\ld h be5 made ! basis ( !m1 z x 0 made ! basis ( ,josiah's4 ,probably1 !re=e1 we may date x betwe5 ,hezekiah & ,josiah4 ,inde$ we may ) great likelihood affirm1 z ,rob]tson ,smi? sugge/s1 t x 0 ! ne$ ( guidance caus$ by ,hezekiah's re=ms :i* sugge/$ & call$ out ?is book4#af #af ,additional ,answ] to ! ,libel1 p4 #hj4 ,b1 say "s1 if ! body ( ! book is n ,mosaic1 !n ?is is no?+ else b =g]y1 & no =g$ or ev5 pseudonym\s book c be inspir$6 ,o!rs aga91 mo/ gratuit\sly1 suppose t ,hilkiah f\nd ! book only because he _h =g$ x & put x :]e x 0 f\nd4 ,b !re is nei!r ne$ nor room = su* suppositions2 & our ef=t mu/ be to conceive to ourselves ! means by :i* su* a book c\ld come into exi/5ce1 & be f\nd z x 01 )\t fraud on ! "p ( any "o4 ,to mod]n1 & especially ,we/]n notions1 x seems difficult to conceive any legitimate process by :i* a book ( comp>atively mod]n date c\ld be attribut$1 s f> z its ma9 "p is conc]n$1 to ,moses1 & publi%$ z ,mosaic4 ,b if we take into acc\nt ! "* ( ,deut]onomy z only an ext5sion & adaptation ( ! ,book ( ! ,cov5ant set 9 a framework ( affectionate exhortation1 & t all m5 !n believ$ t ! ,book ( ! ,cov5ant 0 ,mosaic1 we c see bett] h[ su* action might be consid]$ legitimate4 ,ev5 on mod]n & ,we/]n pr9ciples we c see t2 b at t e>ly "t & 9 ! ,ea/1 lit]>y me?ods & lit]>y ideas 7 s diff]5t f ours t !re may h be5 cu/oms :i* made ! publication ( a book 9 ?is way n only natural b "r4 ,an example f mod]n ,india w make ?is cle>4 ,among ! sacr$ books ( ! ,h9dus "o ( ! mo/ fam\s is ! ,laws ( ,manu4 ,?is is a collection ( religi\s1 moral1 & c]emonial laws mu* l ! ,book ( ,leviticus4 ,x is g5]ally admitt$ t x 0 n ! "w ( any "o man1 b ( a s*ool ( legal writ]s & lawgiv]s :o liv$ at v v>i\s times1 ea* ( :om1 ) a cle> consci5ce & z a matt] ( c\rse1 adapt$ ! works ( 8 pr$ecessors to ! ne$ ( 8 own day4 ,& ?is practice1 toge!r ) ! belief 9 its legitimacy1 survives to ?is day4 ,9 8 ,e>ly ,law & ,cu/om 7p4 #afa7 ,sir ,h5ry ,ma9e tells u t ,a g5tleman 9 a high (ficial position 9 ,india has a native fri5d :o has devot$ 8 life to prep>+ a new ,book ( ,manu4 ,he does n1 h[ev]1 expect or c>e t x %\ld be put 9 =ce by any ag5cy s ignoble z a ,briti%-,indian ,legislature1 d]iv+ its p[]s f an ,act ( ,p>liam5t n a c5tury old4 ,he waits till !re arises a k+ 9 ,india :o w s]ve ,god & take ! law f ! new ',manu' :5 he sits 9 8 ,c\rt ( ,ju/ice4 ,!re is "h no "q ( fraud4 ,?is ,indian g5tleman consid]s t 8 book is ! ,book ( ,manu1 & w\ld be amaz$ if any "o %\ld "q its id5tity because he _h edit$ x2 & he supposes t ! k+ he looks =1 if he %\ld come 9 8 day1 w\ld accept & act ^u x z a ,div9e au?ority4 ,s /rangely diff]5t are ,ea/]n notions f ^? ( ! ,we/4 ,x is legitimate to suppose t ?is ,ea/]n book orig9at$ 9 some?+ ( ! same fa%ion4 ,9 ! evil days ( p]secution1 :5 all ! prophetic spokesm5 7 cut (f1 & :5 ! prie/s 7 occupy+ ! *ief position among ! support]s ( pure religion1 "s pi\s man1 inspir$1 b n ) ! prophetic inspiration1 set himself1 l ?is mod]n ,h9du1 to re-write & adapt ! legislation :i* he believ$ to be ,mosaic to ! ne$s ( 8 own day4 ,alt]+ ! fundam5tal po9ts z little z might be1 he develop$ x to meet ! evils :i* 7 ?reat5+ ! ,mosaic religion2 & he inspir$ x ) ! passion = righte\sness & ! love ( ,god :i* _h already ?rill$ ! he>ts ( fai?ful m5 9 ,israel ?r\gh ! m9i/ry ( ! great prophets4 ,hop+ = ! com+ ( a k+ :o %\ld s]ve ,god & judge ,israel out ( ?is new ,book ( ,moses1 b :ile ! d>kness /ill cl\d$ ! future1 he di$1 committ+ 8 book to "s temple *amb] :]e he might hope t x w\ld be discov]$ :5 ,god's set "t %\ld come4 ,9 su* a supposition !re is p]haps some?+ to %ock ! conv5tional !ories ( our "t4 ,b1 s f> z c be se51 !re is no?+ to %ock any op5-m9d$ man :o kn[s h[ widely anci5t & ,ea/]n ?\ght diff]s f mod]n & ,we/]n ?\ght4 ,x is c]ta9 t at ?is day ,ea/]n m5 ( ! highe/ "* & ( ! mo/ burn+ zeal = religion w\ld act 9 ?is mann] )\t a qualm ( consci5ce4 ,we may well believe1 !re=e1 t 9 anci5t days x 0 ! same4 ,if s1 ?is 0 a lit]>y me?od :i* inspiration might well use2 & ! supposition t ,deut]onomy 0 s produc$ is c]ta9ly m consi/5t ) its hi/ory & "* ?an any o!r4 ,x expla9s h[ x s exactly met ! ne$s ( ! "t & summ$ up all its aspirations2 & x gives to its claim ( inspiration a new support by lay+ b>e ! circum/ances ( its bir? & its psy*ological presuppositions4 ,b x may /ill be ask$1 :at are we to ?9k ( ! ,mosaic spee*es1 :i*1 z has be5 se51 conta91 to say ! lea/1 mu* non-,mosaic matt]8 ,! answ] probably is t 9 ^!1 z 9 ! laws1 ! au?or relies ^u e>li] docum5ts4 ,f ! appe>ance 9 ! codes ( laws :i* w\ld h little or no mean+ if orig9at$ 9 ! "t ( ! ,deut]onomi/1 x has rightly be5 conclud$ t !re are v anci5t & ,mosaic elem5ts 9 !m4 ,s1 9 ! spee*es !re are ref]5ces & allusions t sugge/ an anci5t tradition ( a f9al address ( ,moses1 & p]haps a writt5 acc\nt ( its g5]al purport1 9 :i* ev5 a hope t ! wor%ip might be c5tralis$ may h be5 conta9$4#ag ,?is ! au?or has adapt$ to 8 purpose ( incit+ 8 contempor>ies to be fai?ful to ! ,mosaic tea*+1 & has wov5 into x all t lat] exp]i5ce c\ld sugge/ z effective gr\nd ( exhortation4 ,s mu* z t all anci5t hi/orians w\ld h done1 & "s mod]ns w\ld d1 )\t ! fa9te/ int5tion to deceive1 or any feel+ ( guilt2 & s mu* may probably h be5 done "h4 ,delitzs*1#ah ,rob]tson ,smi?1#ai & ,driv]#bj are all at "o z to ?is1 & 9 ! pro(s !y produce ( ! necessity ( accept+ ?is view4 ,9 ! words ( ,driv]1 ,x is ! uni=m practice ( ! ,biblical hi/orians 9 bo? ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts to repres5t _! *>act]s z speak+ 9 words & phrases :i* _c h be5 ^? actually us$1 b :i* !y !mselves select & frame = !m4 ,! spee*es ( ,david 9 ,samuel & ,*ronicles s]ve = examples4 ,9 ,samuel he speaks 9 ! language ( ,samuel1 9 ,*ronicles 9 ! language ( ,*ronicles4 ,9 "s ( ^! cases1 ,driv] cont9ues1 ! au?ors no d\bt _h in=mation z to :at 0 actually said on ! occasions 9 "q1 :i* !y reca/ 9 _! own words1 only pres]v+1 p]haps1 a few *>act]i/ic expressions2 9 o!r cases1 !y m]ely gave articulate expression to ! ?\ghts & feel+s :i* x 0 presum$ t ! p]sons 9 "q w\ld h ent]ta9$4 ,9 ! ,deut]onomic spee*es bo? ^! *>act]i/ic me?ods h probably be5 employ$1 & we mu/ j accept ! inspir$ record = :at x reveals itself to be1 sett+ aside1 ) ! inevitable sighs1 our own priori assumptions ( :at x ought to be4 #ag ,cf4 ,driv]1 art4 ,deut]onomy1 ,smi?'s ,diction>y1 p4 #ggj4 #ah ,p5tateu* ,kritis*e ,/udi51 ,x4 #ai ,answ] to ! ,=m ( ,libel1 p4 #cd4 ,note3 :]e ,arnold & ,masson's ,life ( ,milton are ref]r$ to4 #bj ,art4 ,deut]onomy1 ,smi?'s ,bible ,dict41 pp4 #gfi ff4 ,^! !n are ! conclusions reg>d+ ,deut]onomy on :i* ! exposition (f]$ "h w re/4 ,!y h be5 rea*$ aft] a c>eful consid]ation ( ! evid5ce on bo? sides1 & are /at$ "h n altoge!r )\t regret4 ,=1 z ,rob]tson ,smi? has well said1#ba to ! ord9>y believ] ! ,bible is preci\s z ! practical rule ( fai? & life 9 :i* ,god /ill speaks directly to 8 he>t4 ,no criticism c be o!rwise ?an hurtful to fai? if x %akes ! confid5ce ) :i* ! simple ,*ri/ian turns to 8 ,bible1 assur$ t he c receive e message :i* x br+s to 8 s\l z a message f ,god ,himself4 ,n[1 ?\gh x c be demon/rat$ t ! view ( ,scripture :i* p]mits ( su* conclusions z ^? /at$ above is q compatible ) ?is believ+ confid5ce1 !re c be little d\bt t ,*ri/ian p w = a "t f9d great difficulty 9 accept+ ?is assurance4 ,! transition f ! old view ( inspiration1 s complete1 compreh5sible1 & effective z x is1 to ! new] & less def9ite doctr9e1 _c fail to be try+1 & ! introduction ( x "h _c b be a di/urb+ influ5ce :i* x w\ld h be5 greatly pref]able to avoid4 #ba ,answ]1 pp4 #da f4 ,x is n to be wond]$ at1 !re=e1 t to ! m9ds ( ! work+ m9i/ry & ( _! e>ne/ fell[-lab\r]s1 :o come into con/ant contact ) ! actual ne$s ( m51 ! *ange %\ld be unwelcome4 ,b x _c n[1 9 my judgm5t1 be avoid$4 ,ev5 ! be/ & mo/ s*ol>ly "w ( ^? :o /ill hold ! traditional view does n conv9ce4 ,r x is _! writ+s1 m ev5 ?an ^? on ! mod]n side1 :i* make x cle> t ! traditional view c no long] be held4 ,^! writ]s admit ! facts ^u :i* _! oppon5ts' case re/s1 & !n expla9 !m all away1 h>monis+ ev]y?+ by a cr[d ( hypo!ses1 (t5 s*ol>ly1 g5]ally acute1 b almo/ always su* z c be accept$ only if we "k be=eh& t ! view !y support is true4 ,b f> too _m hypo!ses are ne$$4 ,ea* case has to be set "r by a special ef=t ( ! imag9ation2 :ile ! new view has ?is great advantage1 t x makes room = all ! facts1 by a hypo!sis1 sugge/$ n by "o difficulty1 b by almo/ all ! discrepancies & difficulties :i* are enc\nt]$4 ,&1 aft] all1 ?is view does n move m5 away f ! c5tral tru? ( inspiration1 ev5 z x 0 conceiv$ by ! la/ g5]ation4 ,ap>t f any c>e = av]t+ errors 9 detail :i* c be ascrib$ to ,div9e wisdom accord+ to ! old view or ! new1 ! c5tral ?+ 9 bo? surely is ! revelation ( ,god ,himself4 ,x 0 always ,god t 0 held to be reveal$1 & ?is ! advocates ( ! new] view insi/ ^u mo/ /r5u\sly4 ,!y hold t *os5 m51 ! wise/1 be/1 mo/ tru?ful ( _! respective g5]ations1 ^? :o travail$ mo/ 9 ?\ght1 receiv$ exceptional impressions ( ! ,div9e nature4 ,!y saw ,god1 & _! :ole be+ bore ! impress h5ce=? ( ?is illum9ation4 ,9 e ^w & act ! light !y _h receiv$ f\nd expression = itself4 ,!y did n receive ?is revelation 9 m]e propositions ab\t ,god1 :i* _h to be c>efully repeat$ ) m9ute v]bal accuracy4 ,!y saw1 & _! natures 7 9 _! degree uplift$1 *ang$1 & h>monis$ ) ! ,div9e4 ,!y c\ld no m be false 9 speak+ ( :at !y _h ?us exp]i5c$1 ?an a s9c]e & t5d] nature c be false 9 spee* or ?\ght ab\t dea?1 :5 x once has f\nd its love fru/rat$ & ov]borne by t dread mess5g] ( ,god4 ,! impression 9 bo? cases is true z x is f9al1 & x w triumphantly convey itself to o!rs ) sub/antial & effective tru?1 :atev] ! man's k or ignorance o!rwise may be4 ,:5 a man has receiv$ an impression1 or a sight ( ,god :i* has %ak5 8 v s\l1 w x be lo/ 9 its ess5tial p>ts because 9 ! spee* 9 :i* he utt]s x he %[s ignorance ( sci5ce1 or accepts z simply true ! hi/oric k ( 8 day8 ,! ?+ is impossible4 ,! light t is )9 him mu/ %9e out1 ev5 ?\gh ! m$ium ?r\gh :i* x %9es be "h & !re black5$ by imp]fection4 ,9 ! fundam5tal po9t1 !re=e1 ! old s*ool ( critics & ! new are entirely at "o4 ,on ! basis ( ?is ess5tial h>mony x %\ld be possible = ea* to speak to ! o!r = edification4 ,?is is :at has be5 attempt$ "h2 & if ^? :o hold by ! ,mosaic au?or%ip ( ,deut]onomy w tol]ate ! opposite view1 !y w f9d t 9 deal+ ) ! ,scriptures z a revelation ( ,god1 & z an infallible guide 9 all t conc]ns religi\s & moral tru?1 !re is no diff]5ce4 ,to make ! sacr$ ^w liv+ & p[]ful z an in/rum5t ( spiritual reg5]ation is our common ef=t2 & our common hope mu/ be t1 if 9 any?+ we h be5 l$ into error1 ! mi/ake may be discov]$ & remov$1 be=e x has wr\ght evil 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,god4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,hi/oric ,,sett+ ,,( ,,deut]onomy ,:atev] may be ! date ( ! fir/ publication ( ,deut]onomy1 !re c be no d\bt t x 0 accept$ by ,josiah & ! p ( 8 "t ) an en]gy & ?or\ghness ( :i* we f9d no previ\s example4 ,its ma9 lessons 7 le>nt & put into practice by !m1 & f t p]iod ! religi\s conceptions ( ,deut]onomy dom9at$ & =m$ ! ,hebrew m9d 9 a mann] ( :i* we h no e>li] trace4 ,= practical purposes1 !re=e1 we may say t ?is 0 ! ,deut]onomic p]iod4 ,! book ga!r$ up & embodi$ ! high] /riv+s ( t "t2 & to und]/& x ?or\ghly we ne$ to "k ! hi/ory ( :i* x 01 9 "p at lea/1 ! outcome4 ,inde$1 on any supposition z to age & au?or%ip1 a /udy ( ! hi/ory ( ,judah f ! end ( ! eigh? c5tury ,b4,c4 to ! end ( ! sev5? is indisp5sable if we w\ld adequately und]/& our book1 = t 0 ! "t :5 ! book is se5 ent]+ z a liv+ =ce into ! hi/ory ( ,israel4 ,un=tunately1 h[ev]1 !re are few p]iods ( ,israelite hi/ory z to :i* we h less ( reliable in=mation4 ,dur+ mu* ( ! p]iod ! ma9 curr5ts ( ! national life ran contr>y to all bett] influ5ces1 & 9 su* epo*s ! compil]s ( ! ,book ( ,k+s took no int]e/4 ,= ! mo/ "p !y 7 cont5t to look & pass1 ga!r+ up ! results ( su* times ( decl5sion 9 a few condemnatory words4 ,x is only :5 ! nation is on ! upw>d slope t !y ent] into details4 ,!y wrote at a "t :5 ! purpose ( ,god 9 _! national life 0 becom+ cle>1 & ! spl5d\r ( x possess$ !m s t no?+ else b ! increase ( ?is purpose seem$ wor?y ( any int5s] contemplation4 ,victories & defeats1 successes & failures1 & la/ ( all ! trem5d\s cata/rophe ( ! ,exile1 _h taught !m ?is disc]nm5t2 & !y press$ =w>d s eag]ly to record ! de$s & ?\ghts ( ^? :o _h le>n$ ! secret ( ,yahweh t !y _h eyes = no?+ else4 ,consequ5tly ! eighty ye>s aft] ! fall ( ,sam>ia1 :i* = our purpose w\ld be s extremely in/ructive1 are pass$ ov] 9 all our s\rces1 almo/ )\t m5tion4 ,b !re are "s facts & ev5ts ( :i* we c be entirely sure2 & f ^! x is possible to conceive 9 outl9e ! way 9 :i* ?+s mu/ h %ap$ !mselves 9 ^! ev5tful ye>s4 ,br\ght ab\t z x _h be5 by ! appeal ( ,ahaz to ! k+ ( ,assyria = help aga9/ ! cont9ual aggressions ( ,syria & ,israel1 ! fall ( ,sam>ia mu/ h come to ! k+ & p ( ,judah z a relief4 ,_! enemy _h fall51 & !y w\ld h5ce=? be free f ! anxiety & h>assm5t :i* ,israel's enmity _h caus$4 ,b ^? mu/ h be5 bl9d inde$ ) :om ?is feel+ 0 p]man5t4 ,v soon x mu/ h become app>5t to all ?\ghtful m5 9 ,judah t1 if !y _h be5 fre$ f ! worry+ & exasp]at+ enmity ( _! k9dr$1 _! v success _h br\ght !m into ! pres5ce ( a mu* m s]i\s foe4 ,) ,assyria on _! imm$iate fronti]1 settl$ 9 ! l&s bo? ( ,damascus & ,sam>ia1 !y mu/ h felt !mselves expos$ to *ances & dang]s !y _h nev] hi!rto _h to face4 ,"u ! old conditions1 except dur+ comp>atively %ort p]iods :5 !re 0 actual w> betwe5 ! two k+doms1 ,israel _h /ood betwe5 ,judah & any dang] f ! ,nor?4 ,b n[ ! p ( ! ,s\!rn ,k+dom 7 summon$ f ! safe glad re> to ! dreadful van4 ,h5ce=? no patriot c\ld fail to be haunt$ by fe> ( t ambiti\s & conqu]+ ,assyrian nation4 ,! :ole ( ,hezekiah's reign 0 fill$ ) m or less convulsive ef=ts to ma9ta9 ! indep5d5ce ( ,judah4 ,^! 7 giv+ b fa9t promise ( success1 :5 ! great deliv]ance ( ,j]usalem =etold by ,isaiah gave ! k+ a brea?+ space1 & rais$ ! highe/ hopes 9 ! m9ds ( 8 p4 ,x seem$ = a little q possible t ! anci5t indep5d5ce ( ,israel might be re/or$4 ,to _m x seem$ t ! ,messianic times 7 at h&2 fai? 9 ,yahweh c>ri$ all be=e x4 ,b ,hezekiah di$ n long aft]2 & 9 ! succe$+ reigns ( ,manasseh & ,amon ! :ole temp] & policy ( ,israel und]w5t a mo/ s]i\s & reaction>y *ange4 ,! causes ( ?is are n f> to seek4 ,dur+ ! great] "p ( ,hezekiah's reign ,isaiah _h receiv$ only mod]ate support4 ,accord+ to 8 own vision ( 8 future "w1 he 0 to prea* )\t success2 he 0 to say1 ,he> ye inde$1 b und]/& n2 & see ye1 b p]ceive n2 &1 s f> z ! mass ( ! p 7 conc]n$1 t prevision 0 ju/ifi$4 ,only ! a/\nd+ success ) :i* 8 opposition to ! ,assyrians _h be5 cr[n$ _h turn$ ! tide ( popul> op9ion 9 8 fav\r4 ,x 0 probably1 !re=e1 only !n t ,hezekiah's re=ms 7 in/itut$4 ,!y _h be5 too %ort a "t 9 =ce at 8 dea? to h s5t out _! roots into ! national life4 ,b t 0 n all4 ,"o ( ! mo/ *>act]i/ic po9ts 9 all prophecy 0 t ! "t :5 ! full ,messianic ,k+dom %\ld appe> 0 nev] cle>ly def9$4 ,nei!r ! ,prophet nor 8 he>]s knew :5 x w\ld be4 ,x loom$ always z a bright b vague backgr\nd to ! deliv]ance :i* lay imm$iately be=e !m2 & 9 almo/ e case nei!r speak] nor he>]s _h any conception ( ! long & we>y way :i* divid$ ^? sunlit m\nta9 peaks f ! d>k & ?reat5+ pass :i* !y 7 approa*+4 ,n[ ! lit]al int]pretation ( ,isaiah's prophecies ) reg>d to ! deliv]ance f ,assyria _h inevitably l$ ! mass ( ! p to believe t ! rais+ ( ! siege ( ,j]usalem w\ld mean ! imm$iate de/ruction ( ,assyria1 & ! adv5t ( ! ,messianic day ( peace & glory = ,israel4 ,b ! facts completely falsifi$ t expectation4 ,in/ead ( be+ de/roy$ ,assyria only grew m p[]ful1 & in/ead ( ! ,messianic "t !re 0 only ! old position ( vassalage to ,assyria4 ,s m5 grew we>y1 & said !n z !y h said s (t5 s9ce1 ,all ?+s are z !y h be5 f ! beg9n+1 & :]e is ! promise ( ,8 com+8 ,! true-he>t$ said x ) sadness2 & ! false-he>t$1 say+ x 9 mock]y & unbelief1 fell back ^u ! old hea!ni% te/1 & said1 ,! gods ( ,assyria are /rong] ?an ,yahweh1 & we mu/ give !m a place 9 our adoration4 ,) ! bulk ( ! p ?is requir$ no really great *ange 9 _! po9t ( view4 ,!y _h believ$ 9 ,yahweh & agre$ to purify ,8 wor%ip1 because ,he _h prov$ ,himself /rong] ?an ,s5na*]ib & 8 gods2 & n[ :51 9 ! long run1 ,assyria 0 triumph+1 !y mu/ h seem$ to !mselves only to be foll[+ ! tea*+s ( exp]i5ce 9 giv+ ! ho/ ( heav5 equal hon\r ) _! own ance/ral ,god4 ,! reaction1 !re=e1 0 m 9 ! outw>d expression ?an 9 pr9ciple1 & we c easily und]/& h[ x 0 s swift & s univ]sal4 ,manasseh1 ,hezekiah's son1 _h probably oppos$ 8 fa!r's policy1 z ! heir-app>5t has s (t5 oppos$ ! policy ( ! reign+ mon>*2 & if1 z _m suppose1 ,hezekiah liv$ = sixte5 ye>s aft] ! de/ruction ( ,s5na*]ib's ho/1 ,manasseh came to ! ?rone j :5 m5's m9ds 7 mo/ we>y ) hope def]r$1 & :5 ! ,assyrian success 0 ab\t to rea* its highe/ po9t be=e its f9al fall4 ,accord+ly ,manasseh w\ld seem to h undone at once all t 8 fa!r & ,isaiah _h accompli%$4 ,nay1 he w5t fur!r 9 ! introduction ( idolatry ?an any ev5 ( ! idolatr\s k+s :o _h prec$$ him4 ,9 ! ,book ( ,k+s ! *>ges made aga9/ him are ?ree3--#a/1 t he introduc$ ! wor%ip ( ! ho/ ( heav5 accord+ to ! ,assyrian ritual2 #bnd1 t he took "p 9 ! ,molo*-wor%ip2 & #crd1 t he re/or$ ! old semi-,canaanite wor%ip :i* x _h be5 ,isaiah's mo/ /r5u\s ef=t to root out4 ,& ?is policy1 evil z x 0 9 ! eyes ( all :o c>$ = ! high] de/9ies ( ,israel1 _h at once great & /rik+ ext]nal success4 ,= x meant complete submission to ,assyria1 a will+ vassalage f :i* ev5 ! wi% = indep5d5ce _h disappe>$4 ,! he>t ( ! old ,israelite indep5d5ce _h be5 fai? 9 ,yahweh & confid5ce 9 ,israel's call+ z ,8 p4 ,ev5 s late z ,isaiah's day x _h be5 fai? 9 ,yahweh :i* _h kept ,hezekiah /eady 9 8 opposition to app>5tly ov]:elm+ =ce4 ,b n[ ,manasseh & ! p :o support$ him exalt$ ! gods ( ,assyria z an ev5 sur] refuge ?an ,yahweh _h be54 ,hav+ made t admission1 !re 0 no?+ left = !m b to humble !mselves "u ! mighty h& ( ! great k+ & 8 great gods4 ,& ?is ,israel "u ,manasseh did mo/ ?or\ghly4 ,z ,/ade has /rik+ly said1 ,! ,temple ( ! "o ,god ( ,israel became a ,pan!on4 ,! feeble attempts :i* ,ahaz _h made 9 ! same direction 7 utt]ly swept out ( m5's memory by ! complet5ess ( ,manasseh's apo/asy4 ,) ?is degradation ( ! religi\s fai? !re also came1 naturally1 an intellectual degradation4 ,sup]/ition1 bas] ev5 ?an idolatry1 seiz$ ^u ! m9ds ( m51 & illegitimate ef=ts to pry into ! future or to influ5ce ! de/9ies ( m5 by magic & incantations became "p ( ! popul> fa%ion ( ! day4 ,! old religion ( ,israel _h /]nly set itself aga9/ all su* debas+ practices4 ,alone amid ! religions ( ! anci5t _w1 x _h rel5tlessly refus$ ! help ( necromancy & magic g5]ally4 ,b ! b>ri] ! religion ( ,yahweh _h erect$ fell at once :5 its purity & uniqu5ess _h be5 sacrific$1 & ,manasseh gave himself up to practise augury & to use en*antm5ts1 & to deal ) !m t _h famili> spirits & ) wiz>ds4 ,& to sup]/ition he also add$ cruelty4 ,n cont5t ) 8 signal victory ov] all ! be/ impulses ( ! pa/1 n cont5t ) ! applause ( ! multitude :o gladly foll[$ him to d evil1 he endeav\r$ to =ce ^? ^: "w he _h de/roy$ to b[ be=e ! gods !y bo? hat$ & despis$4 ,we "k too little ( ! circum/ances ( ! "t to be sure ( 8 motives1 b 8 action may h be5 f\nd$ ^u a crav5 fe> t if he did n suppress ! voices ( ^? :o spoke = fre$om1 he might be visit$ ) ! ang] ( ! ,assyrian k+4 ,or x may h be5 t feel+1 s p[]fully express$ 9 ,br[n+'s poem ,in/ans ,tyrannus1 :i* makes a tyrant feel t all 8 life is made bitt] to him if !re rema9 )9 8 p[] "o free man :om he _c b5d to 8 w4 ,9 any case x is c]ta9 t he attack$ ! prophetic p>ty ) sangu9>y fury4 ,?\gh he _h ! gods ( ! great battalions on 8 side1 he 0 dimly afraid ( ! p[] ( ideas2 &1 s f> z fai?ful m5 7 conc]n$1 he in/itut$ a reign ( t]ror4 ,accord+ to ! graphic /atem5t ( ! hi/orian1 he fill$ ,j]usalem ) innoc5t blood f lip to lip1 & = ! "t at lea/ 0 able to sil5ce righte\sness s f> z public utt]ance 0 conc]n$4 ,!re is a tradition t ev5 ,isaiah fell a victim to 8 fury1 be+ sawn asund] betwe5 two planks at 8 comm&4 ,x is p]haps n likely t ,isaiah _h surviv$ s long4 ,b1 beyond all d\bt1 _m suff]$ = _! fai?fulness to ,god2 & x seems probable t ! wond]ful picture ( ! ,suff]+ ,s]vant 9 ! ,deut]o-,isaiah owes mu* ( its col\r to ! pa!tic & pa9ful memories ( ?is evil "t4 ,all ?is apo/asy br\ght ) x worldly success4 ,manasseh reign$ long1 & "u him ! l& _h peace4 ,assyria c\ld h no qu>rel ) a p & a k+ :o anticipat$ its v desire by eag] submission4 ,peace br\ght mat]ial prosp]ity4 ,! l& 0 s naturally f]tile t x always grew ri* :5 w> 0 kept f its bord]s4 ,we may surmise1 too1 t a k9d ( ba/>d culture became popul> :5 ! ,jewi% m9d _h op5$ to x1 = good & evil1 a _w ( my? & song & leg5d :i*1 if kn[n be=e1 _h until n[ be5 b>r$ f complete & triumphant entrance by fai? 9 a liv+ ,god4 ,once only w\ld ,manasseh appe> to h ass]t$ himself1 &1 accord+ to ! ,book ( ,*ronicles1 he 0 tak5 prison] 9 ,j]usalem by ! ma/] he _h s]v$ s well1 & le>n$ to "k 9 ! bitt]ness ( a ,babylonian prison t sycophancy does n always lead to safety4 ,& ! wisdom he le>n$ w5t fur!r ev5 ?an t4 ,at ! end ( 8 life he appe>s to h wi%$ to undo1 at lea/ 9 "s measure1 ! evil he _h lab\r$ ?r\gh\t 8 reign to e/abli% & make /rong4 ,b he f\nd t to be impossible2 & if 8 rep5tance 0 deep & s9c]e he mu/ h le>n$ h[ sev]ely ! heav5ly p[]s c puni%1 by op5+ a man's eyes to ! evil he has done :5 x _c be undone4 ,nor did 8 late rep5tance affect 8 son1 = "u ,amon all ?+s cont9u$ 9 _! previ\s evil c\rse4 ,inde$ ! prevail+ idolatry _h root$ itself s firmly t ev5 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ,josiah1 :5 ! prophetic influ5ce 0 beg9n+ to reappe>1 x /ill reta9$ its hold ) un%ak5 p[]4 ,b :at ( ! prophetic p>ty dur+ ^? evil days8 ,precipitat$ f p[] 9 an in/ant at ,hezekiah's dea?1 x _h at once become feeble & obscure4 ,its lead+ support]s1 we may well believe1 _h to seek safety 9 hid+ or 9 flight2 & aft] "s ( its *ief speak]s _h be5 cut (f1 ! once dom9ant p>ty _h to take ! position ( p]secut$ remnants = :om all public "w 0 impossible4 ,"u su* circum/ances :at c\ld ^! fai?ful m5 d8 ,!y c\ld only wait & pray1 & prep>e = t bett] day ( ^: return _! fai? 9 ,yahweh w\ld n suff] !m to despair4 ,f ! position aft]w>ds tak5 up by ! high prie/1 x w\ld seem probable t ! ,temple cl]gy 7 9 full sympa?y ) ! prophetic movem5t4 ,we ne$ n suppose t t sympa?y arose :olly f ! t5d5cy ( prophetic ?\ght & ef=t t[>ds ! suppression ( ! ,high ,places4 ,we %\ld probably d ! bett] spirits among ! prie/hood griev\s wrong if we ?\ght t _! p]sonal int]e/ 0 _! ma9 motive 9 support+ ev5 t re=m4 ,not)/&+ ! e>li] prophets' d5unciation ( ! prie/s z a class1 !re c be little d\bt t !y _h advanc$1 ) ! bett] classes ( _! nation g5]ally1 9 _! appreciation ( spiritual religion4 ,& we may well believe t ! sight ( ! havoc :i* ! n[ degrad$ wor%ip at ! ,high ,places 0 work+ 9 ! popul> m9d made !m e>ne/ 9 _! endeav\rs to re/ore ! true fai?4 ,privileg$ z !y 71 !y w\ld naturally be %elt]$ f ! full fury ( ! p]secution4 ,consequ5tly1 :5 ! "t came = ! support]s ( true religion to take _! place 9 public life aga91 x 0 natural & inevitable t ! prie/s %\ld be at _! head4 ,! fact1 too1 t ,josiah at 8 accession 0 a *ild1 = ^: gu>dian no fitt] p]son c\ld be f\nd ?an ! *ief prie/1 gave ! future into _! h&s4 ,b !y did n move prematurely4 ,s long z ,josiah 0 a m9or !y cont5t$ !mselves ) in/ill+ _! pr9ciples into ! m9d ( ! k+4 ,9 outw>d political life1 s f> z we c asc]ta91 !y did n int]f]e at all1 & ! gr\nd 0 mov$ away f b5ea? ! feet ( ! idolatr\s p>ty1 :ile !y ?\ght !mselves firmly e/abli%$4 ,9 ,josiah's eighte5? ye> ! results ( ?is quiet prep>ation appe>$4 ,9 t ye> ,hilkiah1 ! high prie/1 told ,%aphan ! scribe t he _h f\nd ! ,book ( ! ,law 9 ! ,temple4 ,t ?is 0 ,deut]onomy1 if n altoge!r1 yet practically1 z we h x n[1 !re c be b little d\bt2 & x imm$iately became ! text-book ( religion = all t rema9$ ( ,israel4 ,n[ x is obvi\s t ! :ole hopes ( ! religi\s p>ty w\ld naturally be fix$ ^u x4 ,!y w\ld turn to x z eag]ly z ! ,re=m]s turn$ to ! ,bible1 aft] x _h be5 r$iscov]$ by ,lu!r at ,erfurt4 ,= obvi\sly1 if ! p c\ld be got to ackn[l$ge ! law1 ! axe w\ld be laid at ! root ( e evil :i* !y deplor$4 ,! ,high ,places w\ld be de/roy$2 ! primacy ( ! ,temple at ,j]usalem w\ld be secur$2 & ! prophetic tea*+1 ) its insi/5ce ^u judgm5t & ! love ( ,god z ! ess5tials ( true wor%ip1 w\ld1 = ! fir/ "t1 become ! dom9ant influ5ce 9 civil & religi\s life4 ,nev] s9ce ,israel 0 a nation _h ! condition ( ! p call$ s l\dly = ! en=cem5t ( su* a law1 & n[ = ! fir/ "t 0 !re hope t x might be actually en=c$4 ,! "* ( ! evils t afflict$ ! nation1 ! hi/ory ( ! la/ half-c5tury1 & ! tea*+s ( ! great canonical prophets _h all conv]g$1 z x 71 to ?is "o po9t1 & we c und]/& h[ all :o /rove = ! high] life ( ,israel w\ld /rive t ,deut]onomy1 :e!r anci5t or mod]n1 %\ld be neglect$ no long]4 ,! result 0 t ! :ole p[] ( ! ,/ate 0 ?r[n into ! /ruggle aga9/ idolatry & ! half-hea!n ,bamo?-wor%ip4 ,! prophets & ! prie/s jo9$ h&s to spread ! pr9ciples ( ! true religion1 z voic$ by ,deut]onomy4 ,pr(essor ,*eyne1 9 8 ,j]emiah1 conjectures1 ) consid]able likelihood1 t ! break 9 t prophet's activity :i* occurr$ at ?is "t is to be acc\nt$ = by ! zeal ) :i* he devot$ himself to ,deut]onomic propag&a ?r\gh\t ! l&4 ,9 any case1 = ! mom5t ! pur] wor%ip obta9$ a complet] victory ?an ev] be=e4 ,un=tunately x came too late & prov$ too evanesc5t4 ,b 9 ! inw>d sph]e1 ! ,deut]onomic view ( religion z hav+ its c5tre 9 love to ,god1 ! t5d]1 ?\ghtful evangelical _s :i* di/+ui%es ! :ole outlook ( its au?or1 laid hold ^u all ! high] m9ds t came aft] x4 ,to ,j]emiah & to ,/4 ,paul alike1 x1 p> excell5ce1 repres5t$ ! law ( ,god4 ,produc$1 or at any rate fir/ priz$1 at a "t :5 ,israel _h fall5 v l[1 :5 evil 0 triumphant & good p]secut$1 x recomm5d$ & exemplifi$ a *e]ful c\rage1 born ( fai? 9 ! high de/9y ( ,israel & ! tru? ( ,god4 ,t1 m ?an any?+ else1 help$ to be> ! ark ( ! ,*ur* ov] ! tumultu\s c5turies :i* sep>at$ ^? two great s]vants ( ,god1 & :5 ,*ri/ appe>$ x 0 se5 t ?is book1 m ?an any 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t save p]haps ! ,psalms1 _h anticipat$ ,8 c>d9al tea*+s reg>d+ ! attitude ( man to ,god & ( man to man4 ,! conflicts & ne$s ( ! sev5? c5tury ,b4,c41 :i* are s cle>ly reflect$ 9 x1 gave inspiration ! opportunity x ne$$ to reveal t inn] secret ( ,god's ,k+dom4 ,out ( defeat & disa/] ?is revelation came1 & ?r\gh times ( defeat & backslid+ x prov$ its ,div9e orig9 by keep+ /eadfa/ & calm ^? :o specially wait$ = ! com+ ( ! ,messiah4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,div9e ,,gov]nm5t ,,deut4 i4-iii4 ,aft] ^! prelim9>y discussions we n[ ent] ^u ! exposition4 ,) ! exception ( ! fir/ two v]ses ( *apt] i41 conc]n+ :i* !re is a d\bt :e!r !y d n belong to ,numb]s1 ^! ?ree *apt]s /& out z ! fir/ section ( our book4 ,exam9ation %[s t !y =m a sep>ate & di/9ct :ole1 n cont9u$ 9 *apt] iv42 b !re has be5 a great div]sity ( op9ion z to _! au?or%ip & ! int5tion ) :i* !y h be5 plac$ "h4 ,! vocabul>y & ! /yle s resemble ^? ( ! ma9 p>ts ( ! book1 t !y _c be entirely sep>at$ f !m2 yet1 at ! same "t1 x seems unlikely t ! orig9al au?or ( ! ma9 trunk ( ,deut]onomy c h begun 8 book ) ?is introductory spee* f ,moses1 foll[$ x up ) ano!r ,mosaic spee*1 /ill introductory1 9 *apt] iv41 & 9 *apt] v4 begun yet ano!r introductory spee* runn+ ?r\gh sev5 *apt]s1 be=e he comes to ! /atutes & judgm5ts :i* are ann\nc$ at ! v beg9n+4 ,! curr5t supposition ab\t ^! *apt]s1 !re=e1 is t !y are ! "w ( a ,deut]onomi/1 a man =m$ "u ! influ5ce ( ,deut]onomy & fill$ ) its _s1 b n ! au?or ( ! book4 ,?is seems to acc\nt = ! resemblances1 & w\ld also expla9 to "s ext5t ! exi/5ce ( su* a sup]flu\s prologue4 ,b ! hypo!sis is1 nev]!less1 n entirely satisfactory4 ,! resemblances are clos] ?an we %\ld expect 9 ! "w ( diff]5t au?ors2 & "o feels t ! suppos$ ,deut]onomi/ mu/ h be5 less s5sitive 9 a lit]>y s5se ?an we h any "r to suppose him if he did n feel ! incongruity ( su* a spee* 9 ?is place4 ,pr(essor ,dillmann has made a v acute sugge/ion1 :i* meets ! :ole difficulty 9 a m natural way4 ,feel+ t ! /yle & language 7 9 all ess5tials "o ) ^? ( ! c5tral ,deut]onomy1 he seeks = "s explanation :i* w\ld p]mit him to assign ?is section to ! au?or ( ! book himself4 ,he sugge/s t z orig9ally writt5 ?is 0 a hi/orical introduction lead+ up to ! c5tral code ( laws2 a hi/orical preface1 9 fact1 :i* ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy naturally prefix$ to 8 book4 ,ex hypo!si he _h n ! previ\s books1 ,exodus1 ,leviticus1 & ,numb]s1 be=e him z we h !m4 ,^! n[ =m a hi/orical introduction to ,deut]onomy ( a v m9ute & elaborate k9d2 b he _h to embody 9 8 own book all ( ! pa/ hi/ory ( 8 p t he wi%$ to emphasise4 ,b :5 ! editor :o arrang$ ! ,p5tateu* z we n[ h x ins]t$ ,deut]onomy 9 its pres5t place1 he f\nd t he _h a d\ble hi/orical preface1 t 9 ! previ\s books & ?is 9 ,deut]onomy itself4 ,z rev]5ce =bade ! rejection ( ^! *apt]s1 he took refuge 9 ! exp$i5t ( turn+ ! orig9ally imp]sonal n>rative into a spee* ( ,moses2 :i* he c\ld all ! m blamelessly d z ! probability is t ! :ole book 0 reg>d$ 9 8 "t z ! "w ( ,moses4 ,?is hypo!sis1 if x c be accept$1 c]ta9ly acc\nts = all ! ph5om5a pres5t$ by ^! *apt]s--! simil>ity ( language1 ! ar*ological notes 9 ! spee*1 & ! hi/oric col\r 9 ! /atem5ts reg>d+ ,edom1 = example1 :i* corresponds to e>ly feel+1 n to po/-exilic ?\ght at all4 ,x has besides ! m]it ( r$uc+ ! numb] ( anonym\s writ]s to be tak5 acc\nt ( 9 ! ,p5tateu*1 a mo/ desirable ?+ 9 itself4 ,la/ly1 x gives u 9 ,deut]onomy a compact :ole m complete 9 all its p>ts ?an almo/ any o!r portion ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 c]ta9ly m s ?an any ( ! books conta9+ legislation4 ,moreov]1 t ! ,deut]onomic re9=cem5t & expansion ( ! ,mosaic legislation1 z conta9$ 9 ! ,book ( ! ,cov5ant1 %\ld beg9 ) su* a hi/ory ( ,yahweh's deal+s ) ,8 p1 is entirely *>act]i/ic ( ,old ,te/am5t ,revelation4 ,9 ! ma9 & prim>ily1 :at ! ,old ,te/am5t writ]s give u is a hi/ory ( h[ ,god wr\ght1 h[ ,he dealt ) ! p ,he _h *os54 ,9 ! view ( ! ,hebrew writ]s1 ,god's fir/ & ma9 revelation ( ,himself is always 9 conduct4 ,he %[$ ,himself good & m]ciful & g5tle to ,8 p1 & !n1 hav+ s %[n ,himself1 ,he has an ackn[l$g$ "r to claim _! ob$i5ce4 ,z ,/4 ,paul has s p[]fully po9t$ out1 ! law 0 second>y1 n prim>y4 ,grace1 ! free love & *oice ( ,god1 0 always ! beg9n+ ( true relations ) ,him1 & only aft] t _h be5 kn[n & accept$ does ,he look = ! true life :i* ,8 law is to regulate4 ,naturally1 !re=e1 :5 ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy is ab\t to press ^u ,israel ! law 9 its exp&$ =m1 to call !m back f _m ab]rations1 to summon !m to a re=mation & new e/abli%m5t ( ! :ole framework ( _! lives1 he turns back to rem9d !m ( :at _! pa/ _h be54 ,law1 !re=e1 is only a second>y deposit ( ,revelation4 ,if we are true to ! ,biblical po9t ( view we %all n look = ! ,div9e voice only1 or ev5 *iefly1 9 ! legal portions ( ! ,scripture4 ,god's full revelation ( ,himself w be se5 9 ! process & ! completion ( t age-long movem5t1 :i* 0 begun :5 ,israel fir/ became a nation by receiv+ ,yahweh z _! ,god1 & :i* end$ ) ! life & dea? ( ,him :o summ$ up 9 ,himself all t ,israel 0 call$1 b fail$1 to be4 ,t is ! rul+ ?\ght 9 ,scripture ab\t ,revelation4 ,god reveals ,himself 9 hi/ory2 & by ! p]si/5t ?or\ghness ) :i* ! ,scriptural writ]s grasp ?is ?\ght1 ! unique & effective "* ( ! ,biblical ,revelation is l>gely acc\nt$ =4 ,o!r nations1 no d\bt1 look$ back at times ^u :at _! gods _h done = !m1 & ^? :o spoke = ^! gods may (t5 h claim$ ob$i5ce & s]vice f _! p on ! gr\nd ( pa/ fav\r & "u ?reats ( its )drawal4 ,b e>li] ?an any o!r p :i* has affect$ ! high] races ( mank9d1 ,israel conceiv$ ( ,god z a moral p[] ) a w & purpose :i* embrac$ mank9d4 ,fur!r1 9 ! belief :i* appe>s 9 _! e>lie/ records1 t ?r\gh !m ! nations 7 to be bless$1 & t 9 ! future ,"o 0 com+ :o w\ld 9 ,himself br+ ab\t ! realisation ( ,israel's de/9y1 !y 7 provid$ ) a philosophy ( hi/ory1 ) a conception :i* 0 fitt$ to draw into organic connection ) itself all ! v>i\s =tunes ( ,israel & ( ! nations4 ,( c\rse1 at fir/ mu* t 0 involv$ 9 _! view 0 n pres5t to any m9d4 ,x 0 ! v m]it ( ! g]m9al revelation made ?r\gh ,moses t x _h 9 x p[]s ( gr[? & expansion4 ,9 no o!r way c\ld x be a true revelation ( ,god1 a revelation :i* %\ld h 9 x ! fulness1 ! flexibility1 ! alo(ness f m]e local & tempor>y peculi>ities1 :i* w\ld secure its fitness = univ]sal mank9d4 ,any revelation t consi/s only ( words1 ( ideas ev51 mu/1 to be receiv$1 h "s k9d ( relation to ! m9ds t are to receive x4 ,if ! words & ideas are reveal$1 z !y mu/ be1 at a giv5 place & a giv5 "t1 !y mu/ be 9 su* a relation to t place & "t t at "s p]iod ( ! _w's hi/ory !y w be f\nd inadequate1 ne$+ expansion1 :i* does n come naturally1 & !n !y h to be laid aside z insuffici5t4 ,b a revelation :i* consi/s 9 acts1 :i* reveals ,god 9 intimate1 age-long1 con/ant deal+s ) mank9d1 is s _m-sid$1 s v>i$1 s closely m\ld$ to ! actual & univ]sal ne$s ( man1 t x embraces all ! fundam5tal exig5cies ( human life1 & mu/ always cont9ue to cov] human exp]i5ce4 ,f x m5 may draw (f sy/ems ( doctr9es1 :i* may conc5trate ! revelation = a p>ticul> g5]ation1 or = a s]ies ( g5]ations1 & make x m pot5tly active 9 ^! circum/ances4 ,b unless ! sy/em be kept con/antly 9 t\* ) ! revelation z giv5 9 ! hi/ory1 x mu/ become inadequate1 false 9 "p1 & mu/ "o day vani% away4 ,! revelation !n 9 life is ! only possible =m = a real revelation ( ,god2 & t ! writ]s ( ! ,old ,te/am5t 9 _! circum/ances & 9 _! "t felt & ass]t$ ?is1 is 9 itself s v great a m]it1 t x is almo/ ( itself suffici5t to ju/ify any claims !y may make to special inspiration4 ,! greate/ ( !m saw ,god at "w 9 ! _w1 & _h exp]i5ce ( ,8 influ5ce 9 !mselves1 s t !y _h _! eyes op5$ to ,8 actions z o!r m5 _h n4 ,! lea/ ( !m1 aga91 _h be5 plac$ at ! true po9t ( view = e/imat+ aright ! significance ( ! ord9>y action ( ! ,div9e ,provid5ce1 & = trac+ ! l9es ( ,div9e action :]e !y 7 to o!r m5 invisible1 or at lea/ obscure4 ,& 9 ! records !y h left u !y h be5 entirely true to t supremely important po9t ( view4 ,all !y deal ) 9 ! hi/ory is ! moral & spiritual effects ( ,god's deal+2 & ! great int]e/s1 z ! _w reckons !m1 ( w> & conque/1 ( comm]ce & art1 are ref]r$ to only briefly & (t5 only 9 ! way ( allusion4 ,to _m mod]ns ?is is an (f5ce1 :i* !y av5ge by speak+ contemptu\sly ( ! m5tal end[m5t ( ! ,biblical writ]s z hi/orians4 ,on ! contr>y1 t ^! %\ld h kept _! eyes fix$ only ^u t :i* conc]n$ ! religi\s life ( _! p1 t !y %\ld h kept firm hold ( ! tru? t x 0 !re ! c5tral importance ( ! p lay1 & t !y h giv5 u ! mat]ial = ! =mation ( t great conception ( sup]natural revelation by hi/ory 9 :i* ,god ,himself moves z a factor1 is a m]it s great t ev5 if x 7 only a brilliant fancy !y might surely be p>don$ = ignor+ o!r ?+s4 ,b if1 z is ! tru?1 !y 7 trac+ ! c5tral /ream ( ,god's r$emptive action 9 ! _w1 7 lay+ op5 to our view ! /eps by :i* ! unapproa*ably l(ty conception ( ,god 0 built up1 :i* _! nation alone has won = ! human race1 !n x c h>dly seem a fault t no?+ else appeal$ to !m4 ,!y h giv5 ,god to ^? :o 7 bl9dly grop+ = ,him1 & !y h e/abli%$ ! /&>d by :i* all hi/oric e/imates ( ev5 mod]n life are ultimately to be measur$4 ,= ?\gh !re 7 9 ! hi/ory ( t p>ticul> nation1 & 9 ! l9e ( prep>ation = ,*ri/1 special miracul\s manife/ations ( ,god's p[] & love1 :i* d n n[ occur1 yet no judgm5t ( ! c\rse ( hi/ory is wor? any?+1 ev5 to-day1 :i* does n occupy ess5tially ! ,biblical position4 ,ultimately ! ?+ to be consid]$ is1 :at ha? ,god wr\ght8 ,if t be ignor$1 !n ! /able & in/ructive elem5t 9 hi/ory has be5 kept out ( sight1 & ! m9d loses itself hopelessly amid ! welt]+ *aos ( second causes4 ,fr\de1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 has not$ ?is1 & decl>es t 9 ! p]iod he deals ) x 0 ! religi\s m5 :o alone _h any true insight into ! t5d5cy ( ?+s4 ,!y measur$ all ?+s1 almo/ too crudely1 by ! ,biblical /&>d2 b s ess5tially true & fundam5tal does t %[ itself to be1 t _! judgm5t s =m$ has prov$ to be ! only s\nd "o4 ,?is is :at we %\ld expect if ,god's p[] & righte\sness are ! great factors 9 ! drama :i* ! hi/ory ( man & ( ! _w unfolds to u4 ,t be+ s1 ! suicidal folly ( ! policy ( any ,*ur* or p>ty :i* %uts ! ,bible away f popul> use is manife/4 ,x is no?+ %ort ( a bl9d+ ( ! p's eyes1 & a %utt+ ( _! e>s to w>n+ voices :i* ! provid5tial gov]nm5t ( ! _w1 :5 view$ on a l>ge scale1 nev] fails to utt]4 ,x r5d]s s\nd political judgm5t ! pr]ogative only ( ! few1 & sets !m among a p :o w turn to any *>latans r ?an believe _! voice4 ,x 0 natural & x 0 inevitable1 !re=e1 t ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy1 /&+1 z he did1 on ! ?re%old ( a great crisis 9 ! hi/ory ( ,israel1 %\ld turn ! ?\ghts ( 8 p back to ! hi/ory ( ! pa/4 ,to him ! great figure 9 ! hi/ory ( ,israel 9 ^? try+ & ev5tful ye>s dur+ :i* !y w&]$ betwe5 ,horeb1 ,kade%-,b>nea1 & ! c\ntry ( ! ,arnon1 is ,yahweh _! ,god4 ,he is beh9d all _! movem5ts1 impell+ & incit+ !m to g on & enjoy ! good l& ,he _h promis$ to _! fa!rs4 ,he w5t be=e !m & f\ght = !m4 ,he b>e !m 9 ! wild]ness1 z a man do? be> 8 son4 ,he wat*$ ov] !m & guid$ _! foot/eps 9 cl\d & fire by day & night4 ,moreov] all ! nations by :om !y pass$ _h be5 l$ by ,him & assign$ _! places1 & only ^? nations :om ,yahweh *ose _h be5 giv5 into ,israel's h&4 ,9 ! int]nal affairs ( ! community1 too1 ,he _h ass]t$ ,himself4 ,!y 7 ,yahweh's p1 & all _! national action 0 to be accord+ to ,8 righte\s "*4 ,especially 0 ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice to be pure & imp>tial1 yield+ to nei!r fe> nor fav\r because ! judgm5t is ,god's4 ,& h[ _h !y respond$ to all ?is lov+ fav\r on ! "p ( ,god8 ,at ! fir/ h9t ( s]i\s conflict !y %rank back 9 fe>4 ,not)/&+ t ! l& :i* ,god _h giv5 !m 0 a good & fruitful c\ntry1 & not)/&+ ! promises ( ,div9e help1 !y refus$ to incur ! necess>y toils & risks ( ! conque/4 ,e difficulty !y might enc\nt] 0 exagg]at$ by !m2 _! v deliv]ance f ,egypt1 :i* !y _h be5 wont to consid] _! cr[n+ m]cy1 became to _! fai?less c[>dice an evid5ce ( hatr$ = !m on ! "p ( ,god4 ,to m5 9 su* a /ate ( m9d conque/ 0 impossible2 & ?\gh1 9 a spasmodic revulsion f _! abject c[>dice1 !y made an attack ^u ! p !y 7 to dispossess1 x end$1 z x c\ld n b end1 9 _! defeat & r\t4 ,!y 7 condemn$ to =ty ye>s ( w&]+1 & x 0 only aft] all t g5]ation 0 dead t ,israel 0 aga9 p]mitt$ to approa* ! l& ( promise4 ,b ,yahweh _h be5 fai?ful to !m1 & :5 ! "t 0 come ,he op5$ ! way = _! advance & gave !m ! victory & ! l&4 ,= ,8 love 0 pati5t1 & always made a way to bless !m1 ev5 ?r\gh _! s9s4 ,t 0 ! picture ! ,deut]onomi/ spread out be=e ! eyes ( 8 c\ntrym51 to ! int5t t !y might "k ! love ( ,god1 & might see t safety lay = !m 9 a will+ yield+ ( !mselves to t love4 ,! disa/r\s results ( _! wayw>d & fa9t-he>t$ %r9k+ f ?is ,div9e call+ is ! only direct ?reat he uses b 9 ! passage !re is ano!r w>n+1 all ! m impressive t x is vague & %ad[y4 ,god is to ! ,deut]onomi/ ! univ]sal rul] ( ! _w4 ,! nations are rais$ up & ca/ d[n accord+ to ,8 w1 & until ,he wills x !y _c be dispossess$4 ,b ,he _h will$ t fate = _m1 & at e /ep ( ,israel's progress !y come ^u traces ( vani%$ peoples :om = _! s9s ,he _h suff]$ o!rs to de/roy4 ,! ,emim 9 ,moab1 ! ,zamzummim 9 ,ammon1 ! ,horites 9 ,seir1 & ! ,avvims 9 ,phili/ia1 _h all be5 de/roy$ be=e ! p :o n[ occupi$ ^! l&s1 & ! :ole backgr\nd ( ! n>rative is "o ( judgm5t1 :]e m]cy _h be5 ( no avail4 ,! sword ( ! ,"l is dimly se5 9 ! ar*ological notes :i* are s frequ5t 9 ?is section ( our book & ?us ! f9al t\* is giv5 to ! picture ( ! pa/ :i* is "h drawn to be an impulse = ! future4 ,:ile all ! =egr\nd repres5ts only ,god's love & pati5ce ov]com+ man's rebellion1 ! backgr\nd is1 l ! pa? ( ! great pilgrim c>avans :i* ye> by ye> make _! sl[ & toilsome way to ,mohamm$an holy places1 /rewn ) ! rema9s ( pr$ecessors 9 ! same pa?4 ,) /]n1 m5ac+ f+] ?is great tea*] ( ,israel po9ts to ^! evid5ces t ! ,div9e love & pati5ce may be1 & h be51 outworn1 & seems to re-e*o 9 an ev5 m impressive way ! language ( ,isaiah3 ,! ang] ( ,yahweh 0 k9dl$ 7aga9/ ^! peoples71 & ,he /ret*$ =? ,8 h& 7aga9/ !m7 & smote 7!m72 & ! hills did tremble1 & 7_!7 c>cases 7 z refuse 9 ! mid/ ( ! /reets4 ,= all ?is ,8 ang] is n turn$ away1 b ,8 h& is /ret*$ out /ill4 ,)\t a ^w ( direct rebuke he op5s 8 p's eyes to see t %ad[y out/ret*$ h&4 ,beh9d all ! turmoil ( ! _w !re is a pres5ce & a p[] :i* supports all :o seek good1 b :i* is /]nly set aga9/ all evil1 ready1 :5 ! mom5t comes1 to /rike once & /rike no m4 ,yet ano!r glimpse is giv5 u 9 ^! *apt]s ( ,god's mann] ( deal+ ) m54 ,we h se5 h[ ,he guides & rules ,8 *os5 ones4 ,we h se5 h[ ,he puni%es ^? :o h set !mselves aga9/ ! ,div9e law4 ,& 9 *apt] ii4 #cj we are told h[ m5 become h>d5$ 9 _! s91 s z to r5d] de/ruction inevitable4 ,( ,sihon1 k+ ( ,he%bon1 :o w\ld n let ! ,israelites pass by him1 ! writ] says3 ,yahweh ?y ,god h>d5$ 8 _s1 & made 8 he>t ob/9ate1 t ,he might deliv] him into ?y h&1 z appe>e? ?is day4 ,b he does n mean by ^! expressions to lay ^u ,god ! causation ( ,sihon's ob/9acy1 s z to make ! man a m]e helpless victim4 ,8 ?\ght r is1 t z ,god rules all1 s to ,him mu/ be ultimately trac$ all t happ5s 9 ! _w4 ,9 "s s5se all acts1 :e!r good or bad1 all ag5cies1 :e!r b5efic5t or de/ructive1 h _! s\rce 9 & _! p[] f ,him4 ,b nev]!less m5 h moral responsibility = _! acts1 & are fully & ju/ly consci\s ( ill des]t4 ,consequ5tly t h>d5+ ( _s or ( he>t1 :i* at "o mom5t may be attribut$ solely to ,god1 may at ano!r be ascrib$ solely to ! evil det]m9ation ( man4 ,! mo/ in/ructive in/ance ( ?is is to be f\nd 9 ! hi/ory ( ,ph>aoh1 :5 he 0 comm&$ to let ,israel g4 ,9 t n>rative1 f ,exodus iv4 to xi41 !re is repeat$ int]*ange ( expression4 ,n[ x is ,yahweh h>d5$ ,ph>aoh's he>t2 n[1 z 9 viii4 #ae & #cb1 ,ph>aoh h>d5$ 8 own he>t2 &1 aga91 ,ph>aoh's he>t 0 h>d5$4 ,9 ea* case ! same ?+ is meant1 & ! v>y+ expressions correspond only to a diff]5ce ( /&po9t4 ,:5 ,yahweh =etells t ! signs ,he au?orises ,moses to %[ w fail ( _! effect1 x is always ,yahweh w h>d5 ,ph>aoh's he>t1 s9ce ! ma9 po9t 9 contemplation is ,8 gov]nm5t ( ! _w4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 x is ! s9ful ob/9acy ( ,ph>aoh :i* is prom95t 9 ! passage1 we h ! self-det]m9ation ( ,ph>aoh alone set be=e u4 ,b x is to be not$1 & ?is is inde$ ! c>d9al fact1 t ,yahweh nev] is said to h>d5 ! he>t ( a good man1 or a man set ma9ly ^u righte\sness4 ,x is always ^? :o are guilty ( palpable wrongs & acts ( evil-do+ ^u :om ,god ?us works4 ,n[ we "k t ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy _h two at lea/ ( ! anci5t hi/orical n>ratives be=e him :i* are comb9$ 9 ,exod4 iv4-xi41 & he takes up _! ?9k+4 ,express$ 9 mod]n language1 ! ?\ght is ?is4 ,:5 m5 are f\nd foll[+ _! own w 9 defiance ( all law & all ! re/ra9ts ( righte\sness1 t is manife/ly n ! fir/ /age 9 _! moral decl5sion4 ,?is ob/9acy 9 evil is ! result & ! wages ( =m] evil de$s1 beg9n+ p]haps only ) c>eless laxity1 b ga!r+ /r5g? & virul5ce ) e wilful s94 ,until ne> ! end ( a complet$ gr[? 9 wick$ness no man delib]ately says1 ,evil1 be ?\ my good4 ,nev]!less ea* act ( s9 involves a /ep t[>ds t1 & ! s9n] 9 ?is mann] h>d5s himself aga9/ all w>n+4 ,l ! s9s :i* "w ?is obduracy1 ?is h>d5+ is ! s9n]'s own act4 ,! ru9 :i* falls ^u 8 moral nature is 8 own "w4 ,t is ! inexorable result ( ! moral ord] ( ! univ]se1 & f x no exception is possible4 ,b if s1 ,god too has be5 active 9 all su* cata/rophes4 ,he has s fram$ & ord]$ ! _w t indulg5ce 9 evil mu/ h>d5 9 evil4 ,?is x 0 :i* ! ,israelite religi\s m9d saw & dwelt ^u1 z well z ^u man's %>e 9 ! dread process ( moral decay4 ,we also d well to take he$ to ?is aspect ( ! tru?4 ,:5 we d1 we h solv$ ! ,scriptural difficulty reg>d+ ! ,div9e h>d5+ ( man's he>t4 ,x is simply ! anci5t =mula = :at e m9d t is e?ically tra9$ recognises 9 ! _w to-day4 ,^? :o recognise !mselves z *ildr5 ( ,god1 & ackn[l$ge ! obligations ( ,8 law1 are dealt ) 9 ! way ( discipl9e ) inf9ite love & pati5ce4 ,^? :o def9itely set !mselves aga9/ ! moral ord] ( ! _w :i* ,god has e/abli%$ are brok5 9 pieces & de/roy$4 ,betwe5 ^! two classes !re are ! morally undet]m9$1 :o ultimately turn ei!r to ! "r h& or to ! left4 ,! process by :i* ^! pass on to be numb]$ among ! rebelli\s is pictur$ 9 ,scripture ) extraord9>y moral insight4 ,! only diff]5ce f a pres5t-day description ( x is1 t "h ,god is kept con/antly pres5t to ! m9d z ! *ief factor 9 ! developm5t ( ! s\l4 ,to-day1 ev5 ^? :o believe 9 ,god are apt to =get ,him 9 trac+ ,8 laws ( action4 ,b t is an error ( ! fir/ magnitude4 ,x d>k5s ! hope ( man2 = )\t a sure promise ( ,div9e help !re is no c]ta9ty ( moral victory ei!r = ! race or ! individual4 ,x n>r[s our view ( ! awful sweep ( s92 = unless we see t s9 affects ev5 ! ,rul] ( ! univ]se1 & defies ,8 un*ang+ law1 its results are limit$ to ! evil t we d our fell[-m51 :i*1 z we see x1 is ( little importance4 ,fur!r1 x degrades moral law to a m]e arbitr>y dictum ( p[]1 or to an op9ion f\nd$ ^u man's purbl9d exp]i5ce4 ,! ackn[l$gm5t ( ,god1 on ! contr>y1 makes morality ! v ess5ce ( ! ,div9e nature1 & ! un*angeable rule = ! life ( man4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,decalogue--,,its ,,=m ,,deut4 v4 #a-ba4 ,z ! f\r? *apt] belongs to ! spee* :i* concludes ! legislative portion ( ,deut]onomy bo? 9 cont5ts & language 7see ,*apt] ,,xxiii471 we %all pass on n[ to ! fif? *apt]1 :i* beg9s ) a recital ( ! ,decalogue4 ,z has already be5 po9t$ out1 ! ma9 trunk ( ! ,book ( ,deut]onomy is a repetition & expansion ( ! ,law ( ! ,cov5ant conta9$ 9 ,exod4 xx4-xxiii4#bb ,n[1 bo? 9 ,exodus & ,deut]onomy1 be=e ! m g5]al & detail$ legislation1 we h ! ,decalogue1 or ! ,t5 ,words1 z x is call$1 9 sub/antially ! same =m2 & ! "q imm$iately arises z to ! age at :i* ?is beautifully sy/ematis$ & organis$ code ( fundam5tal laws came into exi/5ce4 ,:atev] its orig91 x is an exce$+ly rem>kable docum5t4 ,x t\*es ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( religi\s & moral life ) s sure a h& t at ?is h\r1 = ev5 ! mo/ civilis$ nations1 x sums up ! moral code1 & t s effectively t no *ange or ext5sion ( x has ev] be5 propos$4 ,t be+ its "*1 x becomes a "q ( exce$+ int]e/ to decide :e!r x c ju/ly be ref]r$ to s e>ly a "t z ! days ( ,moses4 ,9 bo? ! passages :]e x occurs x is repres5t$ z hav+ be5 giv5 to ! p at ,horeb by ,yahweh ,himself1 & x is made ! e>lie/ & mo/ fundam5tal "p ( ! cov5ant betwe5 ,him & ,israel4 ,x w\ld accord+ly seem z if a claim 7 made = x z a specially e>ly & specially sacr$ law4 ,n[1 mu* z critics h d5i$1 !re h be5 f\nd v few :o d5y t 9 ! ma9 "s su* law z ?is mu/ h be5 giv5 to ,israel 9 ,moses' day4 ,ev5 ,ku55 admits z mu* z t 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,religion ( ,israel4 ,! only comm&m5t ( ! t5 he has difficulty 9 accept+ is ! second1 :i* =bids ! mak+ ( any grav5 image = wor%ip4 ,t1 he ?9ks1 _c h be5 9 ! orig9al ,decalogue1 n because ( any peculi>ity ( language1 or because ( any incoh]5cy 9 composition1 b simply because he _c believe t at t e>ly day ! religion ( ,yahweh c\ld h be5 s spiritual z to dem& ! prohibition ( images4 ,b 8 reasons are extremely inadequate2 m especially z he admits t ! ,ark 0 ! ,mosaic ,sanctu>y1 & t 9 x !re 0 no image1 z !re 0 none 9 ! ,temple at ,j]usalem4 ,t ,yahweh 0 wor%ipp$ "u ! =m ( a calf at ,horeb1 & aft]w>ds 9 ,nor!rn ,israel at ,be!l & else:]e1 proves no?+4 ,a law does n =?) ext+ui% t aga9/ :i* x is direct$1 = idolatry cont9u$ ev5 aft] ,deut]onomy 0 accept$ z ! law4 ,moreov]1 if1 z ,ku55 ?9ks1 calf-wor%ip _h exi/$ 9 ,israel be=e ,moses1 x 0 n unnatural t x took c5turies be=e ! high] view sup]s$$ ! l[]4 ,ev5 by ,*ri/ianity ! anci5t sup]/itions & religi\s practices ( hea!nism 7 n ?or\ghly ov]come = c5turies4 ,inde$ 9 _m places !y h n yet be5 entirely suppress$4 ,nor does ,wellhaus5#bc make a bett] case = a late ,decalogue4 ,8 hesitation ab\t x is mo/ rem>kable1 & ! reasons he gives = t5d+ to ?9k x may be late are s+ul>ly unsatisfactory4 ,8 fir/ reason is t accord+ to ,exodus xxxiv4 ! comm&m5ts :i* /ood ^u ! two tables 7 q diff]5t4 ,he relies on ! words 9 v]4 #bh ( t *apt]--,& he 7,moses7 0 !re ) ! ,"l =ty days & =ty nights2 he did nei!r eat bread nor dr9k wat]4 ,& he wrote ^u ! tables ! words ( ! cov5ant1 ! t5 words--tak+ !m to imply t ! imm$iately prec$+ comm&m5ts1 :i* are ( ! same ritual "* ) ^? :i* foll[ ! ,decalogue 9 ,exodus xx41 are "h call$ ! t5 words4 ,b x is n necess>y to take ! passage s4 ,accord+ to v]4 #a x 0 ,yahweh :o 0 to write ! words on ! tables1 & we _c suppose t s flagrant a contradiction %\ld occur 9 a s+le *apt] z t "h x %\ld be said t ,moses wrote ! tables4 ,yahweh1 :o is m5tion$ 9 ! previ\s v]se1 mu/ !re=e be ! subject ( wayyikhtobh 7v]4 #bh71 & ! t5 words consequ5tly are diff]5t f ! words 7up to v]4 #bg7 :i* ,yahweh comm&$ ,moses to write1 some:]e1 b n on ! tables4 ,besides1 e "o :o attempts to make t5 words ( ! comm&s be=e v]4 #bg br+s out a diff]5t result1 & t ( itself1 z ,dillmann says1 is suffici5t to %[ t ! second ,decalogue 9 *apt] xxxiv4 is entirely fanciful4 ,wellhaus5's second reason is ?is3 ,! prohibition ( images 0 q unkn[n dur+ ! o!r p]iod3 ,moses himself is said to h made a braz5 s]p5t1 :i* d[n to ,hezekiah's "t cont9u$ to be wor%ipp$ z an image ( ,jehovah4 ,b ! ,decalogue does n prohibit ! mak+ ( e image2 x prohibits ! mak+ ( images = wor%ip4 ,!re=e ,moses might q well h made a figure ( a s]p5t1 ev5 ?\gh he wrote ! ,decalogue1 if x 0 n meant = wor%ip4 ,b !re is no?+ said to lead u to believe t ! s]p5t 0 reg>d$ z an image ( ,yahweh4 ,inde$ ! v contr>y is ass]t$2 & if ,israel 9 lat] times made a bad use ( ?is anci5t relic ( a great deliv]ance1 ,moses c h>dly be held responsible = t4 ,9 ! ?ird place1 ,wellhaus5 says3 ,! ess5tially & necess>ily national "* ( ! old] phases ( ! religion ( ,yahweh completely disappe>s 9 ! q univ]sal code ( morals :i* is giv5 9 ! ,decalogue z ! fundam5tal law ( ,israel2 b ! entire s]ies ( religi\s p]sonalities ?r\gh\t ! p]iod ( ! ,judges & ,k+s--f ,deborah1 :o prais$ ,jael's trea*]\s act ( murd]1 to ,david1 :o treat$ 8 prison]s ( w> ) ! utmo/ cruelty--make x v difficult to believe t ! religion ( ,israel 0 f ! outset "o ( a specifically moral "*4 ,surely ?is is v feeble criticism4 ,on ! same gr\nds we might decl>e1 because ( ! ,massacre ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew1 or on acc\nt ( ,napoleon's report$ poison+ ( 8 own w\nd$ at ,acre1 t ,*ri/ianity 0 n a religion ( a specifically moral "* at ?is pres5t mom5t4 ,surely ! facts t p nev] live at ! level ( _! ideals1 & t ! lift+ ( a nation's life is a process :i* is z sl[ z ! rais+ ( ! level ( ! delta ( ! ,nile1 %\ld be too famili> to p]mit any "o to be misl$ by difficulties ( ?is k9d4 ,nor is 8 la/ gr\nd 9 any degree m conv9c+4 ,x is extremely d\btful1 he says1 :e!r ! actual mono!ism :i* is und\bt$ly presuppos$ 9 ! univ]sal moral precepts ( ! ,decalogue c\ld h =m$ ! f\ndation ( a national religion4 ,x 0 fir/ develop$ out ( ! national religion at ! d[nfall ( ! nation4 ,! obvi\s reply is t ?is is a petitio pr9cipii4 ,! :ole debate 9 reg>d to ?is "q is :e!r ,moses 0 a mono!i/1 or at lea/ ! f\nd] ( a religion :i* 0 implicitly mono!i/ic f ! beg9n+2 & ! date ( ! ,decalogue is int]e/+ ma9ly because ( ! light x w\ld ?r[ ^u t "q4 ,to decide ?is date !re=e by ! ass]tion t1 be+ mono!i/ic1 ! ,decalogue _c be ,mosaic1 is to assume ! v ?+ 9 dispute4 ,wellhaus5 himself1 else:]e 7p4 #dcd71 seems to fav\r ! opposite view4 ,9 speak+ ( :at ,moses did = ,israel he says t ?r\gh ! ,torah1 9 ! s5se ( decisions giv5 by lot f ! ,ark1 he gave a def9ite positive expression to _! s5se ( nationality & _! idea ( ,god4 ,yahweh 0 n m]ely ! ,god ( ,israel2 z su* ,he 0 ! ,god at once ( ,law & ( ,ju/ice1 ! basis1 ! in=m+ pr9ciple1 & ! impli$ po/ulate ( _! national consci\sness2 & aga9 7p4 #dch71 ,z ,god ( ! nation ,yahweh became ! ,god ( ,ju/ice & ( ,"r2 z ,god ( ,ju/ice & ,"r1 ,he came to be ?\ght ( z ! highe/1 & at la/ z ! only p[] 9 heav5 & e>?4 ,9 ! ,mosaic conception ( ,god1 !re=e1 ,wellhaus5 himself be+ witness1 !re lay implicitly1 p]haps ev5 explicitly1 ! conception ( ,yahweh z ! only p[] 9 heav5 & e>?4 ,9 t case1 is x reasonable to put ! ,decalogue late1 because be+ moral x is univ]sal1 & s implies mono!ism8 #bb ,see ?is br\ght out 9 detail 9 ,rob]tson ,smi?1 ,old ,te/am5t 9 ,jewi% ,*ur*1 p4 #dca4 #bc ,wellhaus51 ,prolegom5a1 p4 #dci4 ,b !re is /ill o!r1 & p]haps /rong] evid5ce1 t ! univ]sality ( ! ,decalogue is no indication ( a late date4 ,on ! contr>y x w\ld seem1 f ,pr(essor ,muirhead's acc\nt ( ! ,roman fas1 t univ]sality 9 legal precept may be a m>k ( v primitive laws4 ,speak+ ( ,rome 9 its e>lie/ /ages ( gr[?1 :5 ! circum/ances ( ! p 9 v _m respects resembl$ ^? ( ! ,hebrews 9 ,mosaic times1#bd he says3 ,we look 9 va9 =1 & x w\ld be absurd to expect1 any def9ite sy/em ( law 9 ^? e>ly times4 ,:at pass$ = x 0 a composite ( fas1 jus1 & boni mores1 ^: sev]al limits & *>act]i/ics x is extremely difficult to def9e4 ,he !n proce$s to describe fas3 ,by fas 0 und]/ood ! w ( ! gods1 ! laws giv5 by ,heav5 = m5 on e>?1 mu* ( x regulative ( c]emonial1 b a by no means insignificant "p embody+ rules ( conduct4 ,x appe>s to h _h a wid] range ?an jus4 ,!re 7 few ( its comm&s1 prohibitions1 or precepts t 7 address$ to m5 z citiz5s ( any p>ticul> /ate2 all mank9d came )9 its scope4 ,x =bade t a w> %\ld be und]tak5 )\t ! prescrib$ fetial c]emonial1 & requir$ t fai? %\ld be kept ) ev5 an enemy--:5 a promise _h be5 made to him "u sanction ( an oa?4 ,x enjo9$ hospitality to =eign]s1 because ! /rang] gue/ 0 presum$1 equally ) 8 ent]ta9]1 to be an object ( solicitude to a high] p[]4 ,x puni%$ murd]1 = x 0 ! tak+ ( a ,god-giv5 life2 ! sale ( a wife by h] husb&1 = %e _h become 8 p>tn] 9 all ?+s human & ,div9e2 ! lift+ ( a h& aga9/ a p>5t1 = x 0 subv]sive ( ! fir/ bond ( society & religion1 ! rev]5ce due by a *ild to ^? to :om he ow$ 8 exi/5ce2 ince/u\s connections1 = !y defil$ ! alt>2 ! false oa?1 & ! brok5 v[1 = !y 7 an insult to ! div9ities invok$1 etc4 ,9 fact1 ! ,roman fas _h mu* ! same "* z ! ,decalogue & ! legislation ( ! fir/ code 7,exod4 xx4-xxiii474 ,consequ5tly ^? :o h ?\ght t all e>ly legislation mu/ be concrete1 n>r[1 p>ticul>i/ic1 b\nd$ at wide/ by ! direct ne$s ( ! m5 mak+ up ! clan1 tribe1 or petty nationality1 are wrong4 ,! e>ly hi/ory ( law %[s t1 along ) t1 !re is also a dem& = "s expression ( ! laws ( life se5 f ! po9t ( view ( man's relation to ,god4 ,t fact greatly /r5g!ns ! case = ! e>ly date ( ! ,decalogue4 ,= practically x is ! ,hebrew fas4 ,if x has a high] tone & a wid] sweep1 if x provides a framework into :i* human duty c1 ev5 n[1 )\t undue /ret*+ ( x1 be securely fitt$1 t is only :at we %\ld expect1 if ,god 0 work+ 9 ! hi/ory & developm5t ( ?is nation z n[h]e else 9 ! _w4 ,9 %ort1 ! hi/ory ( primitive ,roman law %[s t1 )\t inspiration1 a feeble wav]+ /ep w\ld h be5 tak5 to ! developm5t ( a code ( moral duty1 )9 ! scope ( :i* all mank9d %\ld come4 ,) inspiration1 surely ?is ef=t w\ld also be made1 & made ) a success n else:]e atta9$4 #bd ,ency4 ,brit41 vol4 xx41 p4 #fgj4 ,9 none ( ! reasons :i* h be5 advanc$1 !re=e1 is !re any?+ to set aga9/ ! ,biblical /atem5t t ! t5 words 7 old] & m sacr$ ?an any o!r portion ( ! ,israelite legislation1 & t !y 7 ,mosaic 9 orig94 ,! univ]sal hesitation %[n by ! great] among ! mo/ advanc$ critics 9 def9itely remov+ ! ,decalogue f ! f\ndations ( ,israel's hi/ory1 al?\gh its pres5ce !re is s great an emb>rassm5t to !m1 lets u see h[ /rong ! case = ! ,mosaic orig9 is1 & assures u t ! evid5ce is all 9 fav\r ( ?is view4 ,b if x be ,mosaic1 at fir/ sight ! conclusion w\ld seem to be t ! =m ( ! ,decalogue giv5 9 ,exodus is ! m anci5t1 & t ! text 9 ,deut]onomy is a lat] & some:at ext5d$ v]sion ( t4 ,clos] exam9ation1 h[ev]1 t5ds to sugge/ t ! orig9al t5 words1 9 _! ,mosaic =m1 diff]$ f any ( ! texts we h1 & t ( ^! ! ,exodus text 9 its pres5t =m is lat] ?an t 9 ,deut]onomy4 ,! great diff]5ce 9 l5g? betwe5 ! two halves ( ! ,decalogue sugge/s ! probability t orig9ally all ! comm&m5ts 7 %ort1 & mu* ! same 9 /yle & "* z ! la/ half1 ,?\ %alt n /eal1 & s on4 ,fur!r1 :5 ! reasons & inducem5ts giv5 = ! obs]vance ( ! long] comm&s are set aside1 j su* %ort comm&s are left to u z we f9d 9 ! second table4 ,la/ly1 diff]5ces betwe5 ! v]sions 9 ,exodus & ,deut]onomy occur 9 almo/ e case 9 ^? p>ts ( ! text :i* may be reg>d$ z app5dices4 ,9 fact !re are only two v>iations 9 ! prop] text ( ! comm&s4 ,9 ! f\r?1 we h 9 ,exodus ,rememb] ! ,sabba? day1 :ile 9 ,deut]onomy we h ,obs]ve ! ,sabba? day2 b ! mean+ is ! same 9 bo? cases4 ,9 ! t5?1 9 ,exodus ! comm& is ,?\ %alt n covet ?y neighb\r's h\se2 & ! h\se is expla9$ by ! succe$+ clause1 ,?\ %alt n covet ?y neighb\r's wife1 nor 8 mans]vant1 etc41 to mean h\sehold 9 its wide/ s5se4 ,9 ,deut]onomy ! old mean+ ( h\se z h\sehold & goods has fall5 out ( use1 & ! compon5t p>ts ( ! neighb\r's h\sehold possessions are nam$1 beg9n+ ) 8 wife4 ,!n foll[s ! h\se 9 its n>r[ mean+1 z ! m]e dwell+1 gr\p$ along ) ! slaves & cattle1 & ) ti?awweh sub/itut$ 9 ,hebrew = ta*modh4 ,fundam5tally !re=e ! two rec5sions are ! same4 ,ev5 9 ! reasons & explanations !re is only "o really important v>iation4 ,9 ,exod4 xx4 #aa ! reason = ! obs]vance ( ! f\r? comm&m5t is /at$ ?us3 ,= 9 six days ,yahweh made heav5 & e>?1 ! sea & all t 9 !m is1 & re/$ ! sev5? day2 !re=e ,yahweh bless$ ! ,sabba? day1 & hall[$ x4 ,9 ,deut]onomy1 on ! o!r h&1 t reason is omitt$1 & 9 its place we f9d ?is3 ,& ?\ %alt rememb] t ?\ wa/ a s]vant 9 ! l& ( ,egypt1 & ,yahweh ?y ,god br\ght !e out !nce by a mighty h&1 & by a /ret*$ out arm2 !re=e ,yahweh ?y ,god comm&$ !e to keep ! ,sabba?4 ,n[ if ! ref]5ce to ! creation _h =m$ "p ( ! orig9al text ( ! ,decalogue 9 ! days ( ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy1 if he _h t be=e him z actually spok5 by ,yahweh1 x is difficult to believe t he w\ld h left x out & sub/itut$ ano!r reason 9 its /ead4 ,he w\ld h no object 9 do+ s1 = he c\ld h add$ 8 own reason aft] t giv5 9 ,exodus1 _h he s desir$4 ,x is likely1 !re=e1 t 9 ! orig9al text no reason appe>$2 t ,deut]onomy fir/ add$ a reason2 :ile v]4 #aa 9 ,exod4 xx4 0 probably ins]t$ !re f a comb9ation ( ,exod4 xxxi4 #ag b & ,g54 ii4 #b b1--,= 9 six days ,yahweh made heav5 & e>?1 & on ! sev5? day ,he re/$ & 0 refre%$2 & ,he re/$ on ! sev5? day f all ,8 "w :i* ,he _h made4 ,bo? ^! texts belong to ,p & diff] 9 /yle altoge!r f ,,je1 ) ^: language all ! re/ ( ! sett+ ( ! ,decalogue corresponds4 ,on ^! suppositions ,exod4 xx4 #aa w\ld necess>ily be ! late/ "p ( ! two texts4 ,orig9ally1 !re=e1 ! ,mosaic comm&s probably ran ?us3-- ,i am ,yahweh ?y ,god1 :i* br\ght !e out ( ! l& ( ,egypt1 out ( ! h\se ( bondage4 ,i4 ,?\ %alt n h any o!r gods be=e ,me4 ,,ii4 ,?\ %alt n make unto !e any grav5 image4 ,,iii4 ,?\ %alt n take ! "n ( ,yahweh ?y ,god 9 va94 ,,iv4 ,rememb] 7or ,keep7 ! day ( re/ to sanctify x4 ,v4 ,hon\r ?y fa!r & ?y "m4 ,,vi4 ,?\ %alt n kill4 ,,vii4 ,?\ %alt n commit adult]y4 ,,viii4 ,?\ %alt n /eal4 ,,ix4 ,?\ %alt n be> false witness aga9/ ?y neighb\r4 ,x4 ,?\ %alt n covet ?y neighb\r's h\se4 ,9 t %ape !y conta9 ev]y?+ t is fundam5tally important1 & exhibit ! f\ndations ( ! ,mosaic religion & polity 9 an entirely satisfactory & cr$ible =m4 ,b1 be=e pass+ on to consid] ! sub/ance ( ! ,decalogue1 x w be wor? our :ile to consid] :at ! full significance ( ^! diff]+ rec5sions ( ! ,decalogue is4 ,9 bo? places ! words are quot$ directly z hav+ be5 spok5 by ,yahweh to ! p1 & !y are introduc$ by ! quot+ ^w say+4 ,n[ if we d n wi% to squ>e :at we read ) any !ory1 ! slight div]g5ces betwe5 ! two rec5sions ne$ n tr\ble u1 = we h ! sub/ance ( :at 0 said1 & 9 ! ma9 ! v words1 & t is really all we ne$ to be assur$ (4 ,b if1 on ! contr>y1 we are go+ to insi/ t1 ?is be+ "p ( an inspir$ book1 e ^w mu/ be press$ ) ! accuracy ( a masoretic scribe1 !n we are br\ght into inextricable difficulties4 ,x _c be true t at ,horeb ,yahweh said two diff]5t ?+s on ?is special occasion4 ,"o or bo? ( ^! acc\nts mu/ be inaccurate1 9 ! p$antic s5se ( accuracy1 & yet bo? h ! same claim to be inspir$4 ,9 fact bo? are inspir$2 x is ! !ory ( inspiration :i* dem&s = revelation ?is k9d ( accuracy t mu/ g to ! wall4 ,x w be se5 t ?is in/ance is v in/ructive z to ! me?od ( ! anci5t ,hebrews 9 deal+ ) legislation :i* 0 firmly held to be ,mosaic1 or ev5 directly ,div9e4 ,if we are "r 9 hold+ t orig9ally ! t5 words 71 z we h suppos$1 limit$ to def9ite %ort comm&s1 ?is example tea*es u t :]e !re c\ld be no "q ( deceit1 or ev5 an object = deceiv+1 additions calculat$ to meet ! ne$s & defects ( ! p>ticul> p]iod at :i* ! laws are writt5 d[n1 are ins]t$ )\t any h9t t !y did n =m "p ( ! orig9al docum5t4 ,if ?is has be5 done1 ev5 to ! ext5t we h se5 reason to inf]1 9 a small1 c>efully ord]$1 & specially anci5t & sacr$ code1 h[ mu* m freely may we expect ! same ?+ to h be5 done 9 ! loos] & m fluid regulations ( ! l>ge political & c]emonial codes1 :i* on any supposition 7 po/]ior1 & mu* less fundam5tal & sacr$4 ,t !re is = u some?+ disappo9t+1 & ev5 slightly que/ionable1 9 su* action is really no?+ to ! purpose4 ,we h to le>n f ! actual facts ( revelation h[ revelation may be1 or p]haps ev5 mu/ be1 convey$2 & we _c too soon le>n ! lesson t to a s+ul> degree1 & 9 _m o!r directions ?an _! notions ( accuracy1 ! anci5t m9d diff]s f ! mod]n m9d1 & t at any p]iod !re is a great gulf to be cross$ be=e a ,we/]n m9d c get into any intimate & sure rapport ) an ,ea/]n m9d4 ,"o o!r ?+ is notewor?y4 ,wellhaus5 has already be5 quot$ z to ! q univ]sal & moral "* ( ! ,decalogue2 & 8 view1 t a code s free f m]ely local & c]emonial provisions c h>dly be ,mosaic1 has be5 discuss$4 ,b1 :ile reject+ 8 conclusion1 we mu/ adh]e to 8 premisses4 ,by emphasis+ ! univ]sal nature ( ! t5 comm&m5ts1 & by %[+ t !y prec$$ ! c]emonial law by _m c5turies1 ! critical s*ool h cut away ! gr\nd f "u ! semi-ant9omian views once s preval5t1 & always s popul>1 ) ^? :o call !mselves advanc$ ?9k]s4 ,x is n[ no long] possible to ma9ta9 t ! ,decalogue 0 "p ( a purely ,jewi% law1 b9d+ only ^u ,jews & pass+ away at ! adv5t ( ,*ri/ianity z ! c]emonial law did4 ,( c\rse ?is view 0 nev] really tak5 s]i\sly 9 ref]5ce to murd] or !ft2 b x has always be5 a /rong po9t ) ^? :o h wi%$ to secul>ise ! ,sunday4 ,n[ if ! advanc$ critical position be 9 any degree true1 !n ! t5 comm&m5ts /& q sep>ate f ! c]emonial law1 h no?+ 9 common ) x1 & are h&$ d[n to u 9 a docum5t writt5 be=e ! conception ev5 ( a b9d+ c]emonial law _h dawn$ ^u ! m9d ( any man 9 ,israel4 ,nor is !re any?+ c]emonial or ,jewi% 9 ! comm&1 ,rememb] or ,obs]ve ! re/-day to keep x holy4 ,9 ! reasons giv5 9 ,exodus & ,deut]onomy we h ! two pr9ciples :i* make ?is a moral & univ]sal comm&--! necessity = re/1 & ! necessity ( an opportunity to cultivate ! spiritual nature4 ,no?+ inde$ is said ab\t wor%ip2 b x lies 9 ! nature ( ! case t if secul> "w 0 rigor\sly =bidd51 m]e slo?ful ab/95ce f activity _c h be5 all t 0 meant4 ,wor%ip1 & in/ruction 9 ! ?+s ( ! high] life1 mu/ c]ta9ly h be5 practis$ 9 su* a nation z ,israel on su* a day2 & we may !re=e say t !y 7 int5d$ by ?is comm&m5t4 ,und]/ood 9 t way1 ! f\r? comm&m5t %[s a delicate p]ception ( ! conditions ( ! high] life1 :i* surpasses ev5 ! prohibition ( covet\sness 9 ! t5?4 ,9 ! words ( a work+ man :o 0 advocat+ its obs]vance1 ,x gives ,god a *ance2 t is1 x gives man ! leisure to att5d to ,god4 ,b ! moral po9t ( view :i* x implies is s high1 & s difficult ( atta9m5t1 t x is only n[ t ! nations ( ,europe are awak+ to ! ine/imable moral b5efits ( ! ,sabba? !y h despis$4 ,because ( ?is difficulty too1 _m :o ?9k !mselves to be lead]s 9 ! pa? ( improvem5t1 & are e/eem$ by o!rs to be s1 are nev] we>y ( try+ to weak5 ! moral consci\sness ( ! p1 until !y c /eal ?is b5efit away1 on ! gr\nd t ,sabba?-keep+ is a m]e c]emonial obs]vance4 ,s f> f be+ t1 x is a moral duty ( ! highe/ type2 & ! dang] 9 :i* x seems at times to /& is due ma9ly to ! fact t to appreciate x ne$s a f> m tra9$ & s9c]e consci5ce ?an mo/ ( u c br+ to ! consid]ation ( x4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,decalogue--,,its ,,sub/ance ,t ! ,decalogue 9 any ( its =ms mu/ h be5 ! "w ( "o m9d1 & t a v great & p[]ful m9d1 w be evid5t on ! mo/ cursory inspection4 ,we h n "h1 z we h 9 o!r p>ts ( ,scripture1 fragm5ts ( legislation supplem5t>y to a l>ge body ( cu/om>y law1 fragm5ts :i*1 because ( _! intr9sic importance or ! necessities ( a p>ticul> "t1 h be5 writt5 d[n4 ,we h "h an extraord9>ily successful attempt to br+ )9 a def9ite small compass ! fundam5tal laws ( social & individual life4 ,! wond] ( x does n lie 9 ! individual precepts4 ,all ( !m1 or almo/ all ( !m1 c be p>allel$ 9 ! legislation ( o!r peoples1 z inde$ c\ld n fail to be ! case if ! fundam5tal laws ( society & ( individual conduct 7 aim$ at4 ,^! mu/ be obey$1 m or less1 9 e society t survives4 ,x is ! wisdom ) :i* ! selection has be5 made2 x is ! sur5ess ( h& :i* has pick$ out j ^? ?+s :i* 7 c5tral1 & has laid aside z irrelevant ev]y?+ local1 tempor>y1 & purely c]emonial2 x is ! relation 9 :i* ! :ole is plac$ to ,god1--^! give ?is small code its di/9ction4 ,9 ^! respects x is l ! ,"l's ,pray]4 ,x is va9 = m5 to po9t out ?is petition ( t unique pray] z occurr+ "h1 t o!r z occurr+ !re1 & a ?ird z f\nd 9 yet ano!r place4 ,ev5 if e s+le petition conta9$ 9 x c\ld be une>!d some:]e1 x w\ld /ill rema9 z unique z ev]2 = :]e c y f9d a pray] :i*1 l x1 gr\ps ! fundam5tal cries ( humanity to ,god 9 su* %ort space & ) s sure a t\*1 & br+s !m all into su* deep connection ) ! ,fa!rhood ( ,god8 ,9 bo? cases1 9 ! pray] & 9 ! ,decalogue alike1 we mu/ recognise t ! gr\p+ is ! "w ( "o m9d2 & 9 bo? we mu/ recognise also t1 :atev] 7 ! natural & human p[]s ( ! m9d t wr\ght ! code & pray] respectively1 ! ma9 elem5t 9 ! success t has att5d$ _! "w is ! extraord9>y degree 9 :i* !y 7 illum9$ by ! ,div9e ,_s4 ,b :]e1 betwe5 ! "t ( ,moses & ! "t :5 ,deut]onomy fir/ laid hold ^u ! life ( ! nation1 are we to look = a legislator ( ?is pre-em95ce8 ,s f> z we "k ! hi/ory1 !re is no "n t w\ld occur to u4 ,s f> z c be se51 ,moses alone has be5 m>k$ out = u 9 ! hi/ory ( 8 p z equal to1 & likely to und]take1 su* a task4 ,ev]y?+1 !re=e1 concurs to ! conclusion t 9 ! ,decalogue we h ! fir/1 ! mo/ sacr$1 & ! fundam5tal law 9 ,israel4 ,"h ,moses spoke = ,god2 & :atev] additions to 8 orig9al t5 words lat] times may h made1 !y h n obscur$ or ov]laid :at mu/ be ascrib$ to him4 ,he may n h be5 ! au?or ( mu* t be>s 8 "n1 = unque/ionably !re 7 developm5ts lat] ?an 8 "t :i* 7 call$ ,mosaic because !y 7 a cont9uation & adaptation ( 8 "w2 b we are ju/ifi$ 9 believ+ t "h we h ! fir/ law he gave to ,israel2 & 9 x we %\ld be able to see ! really g]m9al pr9ciples ( ! religion he taught4 ,n[1 manife/ly1 a religion :i* spoke its fir/ ^w 9 ! t5 comm&m5ts1 ev5 9 _! simple/ =m1 mu/ h be5 9 its v he>t & core moral4 ,x mu/ always h be5 a h]esy !re=e1 a d5ial ( ! fundam5tal ,mosaic conception1 to place ritual obs]vance p] se above moral & religi\s conduct1 z a means ( approa* to ,yahweh4 ,on any read+ ( ! comm&m5ts only ! ?ird & f\r? 7two out ( t57 ref] to matt]s ( m]e wor%ip2 & ev5 ^! may m correctly be tak5 to ref] prim>ily to ! moral aspects ( ! cultus4 ,all ! re/ deal ) fundam5tal relations to ,god & man4 ,consequ5tly ! prophets :o1 aft] ! mann] ( ,amos & ,hosea1 d5\nce ! prevail+ belief t ,yahweh's help c\ld be secur$ = ,israel1 :atev] its moral /ate1 by (f]+s & sacrifices1 7 n tea*+ a new doctr9e1 fir/ discov]$ by !mselves4 ,!y 7 simply reass]t+ ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ! ,mosaic religion4 ,rev]5ce & righte\sness--^! f ! fir/ 7 ! tw9 pill>s ^u :i* x re/$4 ,be=e ev] ! c]emonial law1 ev5 9 its mo/ rudim5t>y =m1 _h be5 giv51 ^! 7 emphasis$ 9 ! /ronge/ way z ! requirem5ts ( ,yahweh2 & ! p :om ! prophets reprov$1 in/ead ( be+ ! repres5tatives ( ! anci5t ,yahwi/ic fai?1 _h reject$ x4 ,:e!r ! popul> view 0 a fall+ away f a tru] view :i* _h once be5 popul>1 or :e!r x repres5t$ a hea!n t5d5cy :i* rema9$ 9 ,israel f pre-,mosaic times & _h n ev5 9 ! days ( ,amos be5 ov]come1 x seems und5iable t x 0 entirely contr>y to ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ,yahwism z giv5 by ,moses4 ,ev5 by ! late/ n>rators1 ^? :o br\ght our ,p5tateu* into its pres5t %ape1 & :o 71 x is suppos$1 completely "u ! influ5ce ( c]emonial ,judaism1 ! prim>ily moral "* ( ,yahweh's religion 0 ackn[l$g$ by ! place !y gave to ! t5 comm&m5ts4 ,!y alone are h&$ d[n z spok5 by ,yahweh ,himself1 & z hav+ prec$$ all o!r comm&s2 & ! t]rors ( ,s9ai1 ! ?und] & ! e>?quake1 are made m intimately ! accompanim5ts ( ?is law ?an ( any o!r4 ,unque/ionably ! m9d ( ,israel always 01 t "h1 & n 9 ! c]emonial law1 0 ! c5tre ( gravity ( ,yahwism4 ,9 ! view ( t fact x is some:at h>d to und]/& h[ s _m writ]s ( our times1 :o admit ! ,decalogue to h be5 ,mosaic1 or at any rate pre-prophetic1 yet d5y ! prevail+ly moral "* ( ! e>ly religion ( ,israel4 ,:5 ?is law 0 once promulgat$1 ! old naturalism 9 :i* ,israel1 l o!r anci5t races1 _h be5 entangl$ 0 repudiat$1 & ! relation betwe5 ,yahweh & ,8 p 0 decl>$ to be "o :i* re/$ ^u moral conduct 9 ! wide/ s5se ( t t]m4 ,& ! gr\nd ( ?is fact is pla9ly decl>$ "h to be ! "* ( ,yahweh3 ,i am ! ,"l ?y ,god1 t br\ght !e out ( ! l& ( ,egypt1 out ( ! h\se ( bondage4 ,he 0 _! deliv]]1 ,he _h a "r to comm& !m1 & ,8 comm&s reveal$ ,8 nature to ,8 p4 ,! fir/ f\r comm&m5ts %[ t ,yahweh 0 already conceiv$ z a spiritual be+1 remov$ by a :ole heav5 f ! gods ( ! ,canaanite nations by :om ,israel 0 surr\nd$4 ,^! 7 m]e repres5tatives ( ! p[]s ( nature4 ,z su* !y 7 reg>d$ z exi/+ 9 pairs1 ea* god hav+ 8 female c\nt]p>t2 & _! acts _h all ! indiff]5ce to moral consid]ations :i* nature 9 its processes %[s4 ,!y dwelt 9 m\nta9 tops1 9 trees1 9 rude /ones1 or 9 obelisks1 & !y 7 wor%ipp$ by rites s sangu9>y & lic5ti\s t ,canaanite wor%ip bore ev]y:]e a d>k] /a9 ?an ev5 nature-wor%ip else:]e _h disclos$4 ,9 contra/ to all ?is ! ,yahweh ( ! ,decalogue is alone1 9 solit>y & unapproa*able sep>ation4 ,amid all ! unbridl$ speculation t has be5 let loose on ?is subject1 no "o1 ,i ?9k1 has ev] v5tur$ to jo9 ) ,him any "n ( a goddess1 & ,he /]nly repudiates ! wor%ip ( any o!r god besides ,him4 ,n[1 ?\gh !re is no?+ said ( mono!ism "h1 i4e4 ( ! doctr9e t no god b "o exi/s1 yet1 9 contra/ to ! hospitality :i* di/+ui%$ & di/+ui%es nature-wor%ip 9 all its =ms1 ,yahweh "h claims f ,8 p wor%ip ( ! mo/ exclusive k9d4 ,besides ,him !y 7 to h no object ( wor%ip4 ,he1 9 ,8 unapproa*able sep>at5ess1 _h alone a claim ^u _! rev]5ce4 ,fur!r1 9 contra/ to ! gods :o dwelt 9 trees & /ones & pill>s1 & :o c\ld be repres5t$ by symbols ( t k9d1 ,yahweh /]nly =bade ! mak+ ( any image to repres5t ,him4 ,!reby ,he decl>$ ,himself spiritual1 9 s f> z ,he claim$ t no visible ?+ c\ld adequately repres5t ,him4 ,9 contra/ to ! e?nic religions 9 g5]al1 ev5 t ( ,z>a?u%tra1 ! noble/ ( all1 :]e only ! natural elem5t ( fire 0 tak5 to be ! god or 8 symbol1 ?is fundam5tal comm& ass]ts ! sup]s5su\s nature ( ! ,deity1 !reby ris+ at "o /ep cle> above all naturalism4 ,s great is ! /ep inde$1 t ,ku55 & o!rs1 :o _c escape ! evid5ce = ! antiquity ( ! o!r comm&m5ts1 insi/ t ?is at lea/ _c be pre-prophetic1 s9ce we h su* num]\s pro(s ( ! wor%ip ( ,yahweh by images1 d[n at lea/ to ! "t ( ,josiah's re=m4 ,b1 by all b ,/ade1 x is admitt$ t !re 0 at ,%iloh "u ,eli1 & at ,j]usalem "u ,david & ,solomon1 no visible repres5tation ( ,deity4 ,n[ ! same writ]s :o tell u ?is ev]y:]e repres5t ! wor%ip ( ,yahweh by images z exi/+ among ! p4 ,accord+ to _! view1 ! nation _h a cont9ual & h]$it>y t5d5cy to slip into image-wor%ip1 or to ma9ta9 x z pre-,mosaic cu/om4 ,& x is q c]ta9 t up ev5 to ! ,captivity1 & aft]1 :51 accord+ to ev5 ! v bolde/ negative view1 ?is comm& _h be5 long kn[n1 image-wor%ip1 n only ( ,yahweh1 b also ( false gods & ( ! ho/ ( heav51 0 l>gely preval5t4 ,only ! ,captivity1 ) its h>d%ips & trials1 br\ght ,israel to see t image-wor%ip 0 incompatible ) any true belief 9 ,yahweh4 ,und5iably1 !re=e1 ! exi/5ce ( an au?oritative prohibition does n necess>ily produce ob$i5ce2 & ! ,biblical view t ! ,decalogue is ,israel's e>lie/ law proves to be ! m reasonable1 z well z ! bett] au!nticat$ ( ! two4 ,if1 aft] ! comm& beyond all d\bt exi/$ 9 ,israel1 x ne$$ ! calamities ( ,israel's la/ days1 & ! h>d%ips & griefs ( ! ,exile1 to get x completely obs]v$1 & if 9 ,j]usalem & at ,%iloh 9 ! pre-prophetic "t ,yahweh 0 wor%ipp$ )\t images1 !re c h>dly be a d\bt t ?is comm& mu/ h exi/$ 9 ! e>lie/ p]iod4 ,= no religion is to be judg$ by ! actual practice ( ! multitude4 ,! true crit]ion is its highe/ po9t2 & ! imageless wor%ip ( ,j]usalem is mu* m difficult to und]/& if ! second comm&m5t 0 n ackn[l$g$ previ\sly 9 ,israel1 ?an x w\ld be if ! ,decalogue1 ess5tially z we n[ h x1 0 ackn[l$g$ 9 ! days be=e ! k+%ip at lea/4#be #be ,grant+ t ! comm&m5t did n exi/1 "o asks1 ,:at 0 x 9 ,yahwism :i* det]m9$ ! ,j]usalem ,sanctu>y to be imageless8 ,! argum5ts advanc$ by ,ku55 & ,wellhaus5 = a contr>y view1 beyond ^? we h j be5 consid]+1 re/ on an undue ext5sion ( ! prohibition to make any lik5ess ( any?+4 ,!y adduce ! braz5 s]p5t ( ,moses1 & ! ,*]ubim1 & ! braz5 bulls t bore ! braz5 lav] 9 ! c\rt ( ! ,temple at ,j]usalem1 & ! ornam5ts ( t build+1 z a pro( t ev5 9 ,j]usalem ?is comm&m5t _c h be5 kn[n4 ,b1 z we h se51 ! orig9al comm& prohibit$ only ! mak+ ( a pesel1 i4e4 ( an image = wor%ip4 ,! mak+ ( lik5esses ( m5 & animals = m]e purposes ( art & adornm5t 0 nev] includ$2 & ! :ole objection falls to ! gr\nd unless x be ass]t$ t ! bulls "u ! bas9 7 actually wor%ipp$ by ^? :o came into ! ,temple6 ,! sup]s5su\s nature ( ,yahweh mu/1 !re=e1 be tak5 to be a fundam5tal "p ( ! ,mosaic religion4 ,b besides be+ solit>y & sup]s5su\s1 ,yahweh 0 decl>$ by ,moses1 p]haps by ,8 v "n1 to be n only mighty1 b helpful4 ,! preface to ! :ole s]ies ( comm&m5ts is1 ,i am ,yahweh ?y ,god1 :o br\ght !e =? out ( ! l& ( ,egypt4 ,n[ ( all ! d]ivations ( ,yahweh1 t :i* mo/ ne>ly comm&s univ]sal acceptance is its d]ivation f hayah1 to be4 ,& ! probabilities are all 9 fav\r ( ! view t x does n imply m]e timeless exi/5ce1 z ! translation ( ! explanation 9 ,exodus#bf has l$ _m to believe4 ,t is a purely philosophical idea entirely outside ( morality1 & x c h>dly be t ! introduction to ?is moral code1 :i* ann\nces ! au?or ( x1 %\ld conta9 no moral ref]5ce4 ,if ! "n be f ,qal1 & be connect$ ) ehyeh1 !n x means1 z ,dillmann says 7,exodus & ,leviticus1 p4 #ce71 t ,he w be :at ,he has be51 & ! "n involves a ref]5ce to all t ! ,god ( ,israel has be5 9 ! pa/4 ,su* ,he w be 9 ! future1 = ,he is :at ,he is1 )\t v>iabl5ess or %ad[ ( turn+4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 x be f ,hiphil1 x w mean ,he :o causes to be1 ! creator4 ,9 ei!r case !re is a cle> rise above ! ord9>y ,semitic names = ,god1 ,baal1 ,mole*1 ,milkom1 :i* all express m]e lord%ip4 ,no d\bt ,yahweh 0 also call$ ,baal1 or ,"l1 j z we f9d ,him 9 ! ,psalms address$ z my ,k+ & my ,god2 b ! specially ,mosaic "n1 ! p]sonal "n ( ! ,god ( ,israel1 does und\bt$ly imply q ano!r quality 9 ,god4 ,x is ! ,help] :o has reveal$ ,himself to ,israel :o "h speaks4 ,h5ce ! addition1 :o br\ght !e out ( ! l& ( ,egypt4 ,x is z a ,savi\r t ,yahweh addresses ,8 p4 ,by ,8 v "n ,he lifts all ! comm&s ,he gives out ( ! region ( m]e might1 or ! /ill l[] region ( gratification at (f]+s & preci\s ?+s be/[$1 into ! region ( gratitude & love4 #bf iii4 #ad4 ,fur!r1 by issu+ ?is code "u ! "n ( ,yahweh ,moses claim$ = ,him a moral "*4 ,:e!r ! ,hebrew ^w = holy1 qdh%1 impli$ m 9 ^? days ?an m]e sep>at5ess1 may be d\bt$2 b x is impossible t ! idea :i* we n[ connect ) ! ^w holy %\ld n h be5 held to be congru\s to1 & expressive (1 ! nature ( ,yahweh4 ,"h morality 9 its initial & fundam5tal /ages is set =? z an expression ( ,8 w4 ,& simil>ly1 righte\sness mu/ also be an attribute ( ,81 = ju/ice betwe5 man & man is made to be ,8 dem& ^u m54 ,he ,himself1 !re=e1 mu/ be fai?ful z well z holy1 & ,8 emancipation f ! cl++ *a9 ( m]e naturalism 0 !reby complet$4 ,! ,yahweh ( ! ,decalogue is !re=e absolutely alone4 ,he is sup]s5su\s4 ,he is ! ,help] & ,savi\r1 & ,he is holy & true4 ,^! are ,8 fundam5tal qualities4 ,su* qualities may be suppos$ to be pres5t only 9 _! elem5ts1 ev5 to ! m9d ( ,moses himself3 yet ! fundam5tal g]m9al po9t 0 !re3 & all t has gr[n out ( x may be ju/ly put to ! cr$it ( ?is fir/ revelation4 ,a mom5t's ?\ght w %[ h[ ! tea*+ t ,yahweh alone 0 to be wor%ipp$ broke away f ! ma9 /ream ( ,semitic belief1 & prep>$ ! way = ! ultimate preval5ce ( ! belief t ,god 0 "o4 ,t ,he 0 sup]s5su\s1 s t ,he c\ld n rightly or adequately be repres5t$ by any lik5ess ( any?+ 9 heav5 or e>? or sea1 left no possible outlet = ?\ght ab\t ,him1 save 9 ! direction t ,he 0 a ,_s4 ,9 ess5ce consequ5tly ! spirituality ( ,god 0 !reby secur$4 ,/ill m important p]haps 0 ! conception ( ,yahweh z ! ,help] & ,deliv]]1 ! ,savi\r ( ,8 p2 = ?is at once sugge/$ ! ?\ght t ! true bond betwe5 ,god & man 0 n m]e necessity1 nor m]e dep5d5ce ^u resi/less p[]1 b love--love to a ,div9e ,help] :o reveal$ ,himself 9 graci\s acts & provid5ces1 & :o long$ aft] & c>$ = ,8 p ) a p]fectly undes]v$ affection4 ,la/ly1 ,8 hol9ess & fai?fulness1 ,8 righte\sness 9 fact1 held implicit 9 x ,8 supremacy & univ]sality4 ,z ,wellhaus5 has said1 ,z ,god ( ju/ice & "r1 ,yahweh came to be ?\ght ( z ! highe/1 & at la/ z ! only p[] 9 heav5 & e>?4 ,:e!r t la/ /age 0 pres5t to ! m9d ( ,moses1 or ( any :o receiv$ ! comm&m5ts 9 ! fir/ place1 is ( m]ely second>y importance4 ,at ! v lea/1 ! way :i* mu/ necess>ily lead to t /age 0 op5$ "h1 & ! m9d ( man ent]$ ^u ! pa? to a pure mono!ism1 a mono!ism :i* sep>at$ ,god f ! _w1 & ref]r$ to ,8 w all t happ5$ 9 ! _w ( creat$ ?+s4 ,god is ,"o1 ,god is a ,_s1 ,god is ,love1 & ,god rules ov] all--^! are ! attributes ( ,yahweh z ! ,decalogue sets !m =?2 & 9 pr9ciple ! :ole high] life ( humanity 0 secur$ by ! great syn!sis4 ,l all beg9n+s1 ?is 0 an a*ievem5t ( ! highe/ k9d4 ,n[h]e b 9 ! s\l ( "o ,div9ely enlight5$ man c\ld su* a revelation h made itself kn[n2 & ! solitude ( a lonely %eph]d's life1 foll[+ ^u ! /ir & tra9+ ( a high place 9 ! cultur$ society ( ,egypt1 gave precisely ! k9d ( environm5t :i* w\ld prep>e ! s\l to he> ! voice by :i* ,god spoke4 ,= we are n to suppose t ?is revelation came to ,moses )\t any ef=t or prep>ation on 8 "p4 ,god does n reveal ,8 highe/ to ! slo?ful or ! debas$4 ,ev5 :5 ,he speaks f ,s9ai 9 ?und] & 9 flame1 x is only ! man :o has be5 ex]cis+ himself 9 ^! great matt]s :o c und]/& & rememb]4 ,all ! p _h be5 t]rifi$ by ! ,div9e ,pres5ce1 b !y =got ! law imm$iately & fell back into idolatry4 ,x 0 ,moses :o reta9$ x & br\ght x back to !m aga94 ,8 p]sonality 0 ! organ ( ! ,div9e w2 & 9 ?is law :i* he promulgat$ ,moses laid ! f\ndation ( all t n[ =ms ! mo/ *]i%$ h]itage ( m54 ,! c5tral ?+ 9 religion is ! "* ( ,god4 ,contr>y to ! prevail+ feel+1 :i* makes _m say t !y "k no?+ ( ,god1 b are sure ( _! duty to man1 hi/ory tea*es t1 9 ! end1 man's ?\ght ( ,god is ! decisive ?+4 ,ev]y?+ else %apes itself accord+ to t2 & by tak+ ! fir/ great /eps1 :i* broke ?r\gh ! limits ( m]e naturalism1 ,moses laid ! f\ndation ( all t 0 to come4 ,!re 0 "h ! promise & ! pot5cy ( all high] life3 love & hol9ess _h _! way prep>$1 s t !y %\ld "o day become supreme 9 man's conception ( ! highe/ life3 ! confus$ halt+ betwe5 ! mat]ial & ! spiritual1 :i* c be trac$ 9 ! v highe/ conceptions ( m]ely natural religions1 0 9 pr9ciple done away4 ,& :at 0 "h ga9$ 0 nev] lo/ aga94 ,ev5 ?\gh ! multitude nev] really grasp$ all t ,moses _h proclaim$ ,yahweh to be2 & ?\gh x %\ld be prov$1 :i* is z yet by no means ! case1 t ev5 ,david ?\ght ( ,him z limit$ 9 p[] & claims by ! ext5t ( ! l& :i* ,israel inhabit$2 & ?\gh1 z a matt] ( fact1 ! full-orb$ univ]sality :i* ! t5 comm&m5ts implicitly held 9 !m 0 n atta9$ "u ! old cov5ant at all2 yet ^! t5 words rema9$ always an incitem5t to high] ?\ghts4 ,no advance made 9 religion or morals by ! *os5 p ev] sup]s$$ !m4 ,ev5 :5 ,*ri/ came1 ,he came n to de/roy b to fulfil4 ,! highe/ rea* ( ev5 ,8 ?\ghts z reg>ds ,god c\ld be br\ght easily & naturally "u ! t]ms ( ?is fundam5tal revelation to ,israel4 ,! rema9+ comm&s1 ^? :i* deal ) ! relations ( m5 to ea* o!r1 are naturally introduc$ by ! fif? comm&m5t1 :i*1 :ile x deals ) human relations1 deals ) ^? :i* mo/ ne>ly resemble ! relations betwe5 ,god & man4 ,rev]5ce = ,god1 ! deliv]] & =giv] ( m51 is ! sum ( ! comm&m5ts :i* prec$e2 & "h we h inculcat$ rev]5ce = ^? :o are1 "u ,god1 ! s\rce ( life1 ^u ^: love & c>e all1 at _! entrance into life1 are s absolutely dep5d5t4 ,love is n comm&$2 because 9 su* relations x is natural1 & moreov] x _c be produc$ at w4 ,b rev]5ce is2 & f ! place ( ! comm&1 manife/ly :at is requir$ is some?+ ( t same awful respect :i* is due to ,yahweh ,himself4 ,! p[] :i* p>5ts _h ov] _! *ildr5 9 ,israel 0 ext5sive1 ?\gh mu* less s ?an t possess$1 = example1 by ,roman p>5ts4 ,a fa!r c\ld sell 8 daught]s to be esp\s$ z subord9ate wives2#bg he c\ld disall[ any v[s a daught] might wi% to take ^u h]2#bh & bo? p>5ts c\ld br+ an incorrigibly rebelli\s son to ! eld]s ( ! city#bi & h him /on$ publicly to dea?4 ,b1 accord+ to ,moses1 ! ma9 re/ra9+ =ces 9 ! home %\ld be love & rev]5ce1 gu>d$ only by ! solemn sanction ( dea? to ! op5ly irrev]5t1 j z rev]5ce = ,yahweh 0 gu>d$4 #bg ,exod4 xxi4 #g4 #bh ,numb4 xxx4 #f4 #bi ,deut4 xxi4 #h4 ,!re 0 "h no?+ ( ! sordid view1 repudiat$ s en]getically by ,jewi% s*ol>s l ,kalis*1#cj t we ought to weigh & measure filial affection aft] ! degree ( enjoy$ b5efits4 ,no2 to ?is law ! relation betwe5 p>5ts & *ildr5 is holy1 religi\s1 godly1 n ( a purely human "*2 & x is a m]e pr(anation to reg>d x z we 9 mod]n times too (t5 d4 ,9 our mad pursuit aft] complete individual lib]ty we h fall5 back into a moral region :i* x 0 ! almo/ univ]sal m]it ( ! anci5t civilisations to h left beh9d !m4 ,x is true1 c]ta9ly1 t !re 7 reasons = ?is advance !n :i* we c\ld n n[ recognise )\t fall+ back f our own atta9m5ts 9 o!r directions2 b x 0 ! sav+ salt ( ! anci5t civilisations t ! p>5ts 9 a h\sehold 7 surr\nd$ ) an atmosph]e ( rev]5ce1 :i* made transgressions aga9/ !m z r>e z !y 7 consid]$ horrible4 ,! mod]n fre$om may 9 fav\rable circum/ances produce m intimate & sympa!tic int]c\rse betwe5 p>5ts & *ildr52 b 9 ! av]age h\sehold x has l[]$ ! :ole tone ( family life2 & x ?reat5s soon] or lat]1 if ! anci5t feel+ _c be re/or$1 to de/roy ! family1 ! v key/one ( our religion & civilisation4 ,?is comm&m5t is n condition$ on ! "q :e!r p>5ts h be5 m or less successful 9 giv+ _! *ildr5 :at !y desire1 or :e!r !y h be5 wise & unselfi% 9 _! deal+ ) _! *ildr54 ,z p>5ts !y h a claim ^u _! respect1 _! t5d]ness1 _! obs]vance1 :i* c be neglect$ only at ! *ildr5's p]il4 ,ev5 ! av]age p>5t gives q endless ?\ght & c>e to 8 *ildr51 & almo/ unconsci\sly falls into ! habit ( liv+ = !m4 ,t br+s ) x = ! *ildr5 an indelible obligation2 & along ) ! new & wis] fre$om :i* is p]mitt$ 9 ! mod]n home1 ?is rev]5ce %\ld gr[1 j z ! love & rev]5ce = ,god on ! "p ( ^? :o h be5 made ! free *ildr5 ( ,god ?r\gh ,*ri/ ought f> to exce$ t to :i* ! be/ ( ! ,old ,te/am5t sa9ts c\ld atta94 #cj ,kalis*1 ,exodus1 p4 #cfd3--yet taught 9 all ,victorian ,/ate s*ools "u ! vici\s sy/em at pres5t admitt$4 ,want ( rev]5ce = p>5ts is1 9 ! ,decalogue1 made almo/ "o ) want ( rev]5ce t[>d ,god1 &1 9 ! case ( ?is human duty alone1 !re is a promise annex$ to its obs]vance4 ,! duty runs s deep into ! v core ( human life1 t its fulfilm5t br+s :olesom5ess to ! moral nature2 ?is heal? spreads into ! m]ely physical con/itution1 & long life becomes ! rew>d4 ,b ap>t f ! quietude ( he>t & ! p[] ( self-re/ra9t :i* s great a duty rightly fulfill$ br+s ) x1 we mu/ also suppose t 9 a special mann] ! bless+ ( ,god does re/ ^u dutiful *ildr54 ,ev5 9 ! mod]n _w1 amid all its complexity1 & ?\gh 9 numb]less in/ances x may seem to h be5 falsifi$1 ?is promise v]ifies itself on ! l>ge scale4 ,9 ! less complex life ( e>ly ,israel we may well believe t its v]ification 0 ev5 m /rik+ly se54 ,9 bo? anci5t & mod]n times1 moreov]1 ! human consci5ce has leap$ up to ju/ify ! belief t ( all ! s9s committ$ )\t ! body ?is is ! mo/ he9\s1 & t !re does re/ ^u x 9 a peculi> mann] ! wra? ( ,almighty ,god4 ,x is a blasphemy aga9/ love 9 its e>lie/ manife/ations to ! s\l1 & only by answ]+ love ) love & rev]5ce c !re be any fulfill+ ( ! law4 ,aft] ! fif?1 ! comm&m5ts deal ) ! purely human relations2 b 9 com+ d[n f ! duties :i* m5 owe to ,god1 ?is law escapes ! sordidness :i* seems to creep ov] ! laws ( o!r nations1 :5 !y h to deal ) ! rights & duties ( m54 ,! human rights are tak5 up r into _! relation to ,god1 & cease to be m]e matt]s ( b>ga9 & arrangem5t4 ,!y are view$ entirely f ! religi\s & moral /&po9t4 ,= example1 ! de/ruction ( human life1 :i* 9 mo/ cases 0 9 anci5t times dealt ) by private law1 & 0 puni%$ by f9es or money paym5ts1 is "h reg>d$ solely z a s91 an act =bidd5 by ,god4 ,! w ( a holy ,god is ! s\rce ( ^! prohibitions1 h[ev] mu* ! idea ( prop]ty may ext5d 9 !m beyond ! limits :i* to u n[ seem fitt+4 ,!y beg9 ) ! protection ( a man's life1 ! highe/ ( 8 possessions4 ,next1 !y prohibit any injury to him ?r\gh 8 wife1 :o next to 8 life is mo/ de> to him4 ,!n prop]ty 9 our mod]n s5se is protect$2 & la/ly1 ris+ out ( ! m]ely physical region1 ! n9? comm&m5t prohibits any attack ^u a man's civil /&+ or hon\r by false witness conc]n+ him 9 ! c\rts ( ju/ice4 ,to t crime ,ea/]ns are prone to a degree :i* ,we/]ns1 :om ,rome has tra9$ to rev]5ce = law1 c h>dly realise4 ,9 ,india1 at ?is h\r1 false witnesses c be pur*as$ 9 ! op5 m>ket at a trifl+ price2 & "u native gov]nm5t ! :ole =ces ( civil ju/ice become in/rum5ts ( ! mo/ rem$iless & exasp]at+ tyranny4 ,s long z ! law has n spok5 its la/ ^w aga9/ ! innoc5t1 !re is hope ( rem$y2 ju/ice may at la/ ass]t itself4 ,b :51 ei!r by corrupt witnesses or by a corrupt judge1 ! law itself inflicts ! wrong1 !n r$ress is impossible1 & we h ! oppression :i* drives a wise man mad4 ,bo? murd] & robb]y1 moreov]1 may be p]petrat$ by false swe>+2 & ! tru/1 ! confid5ce t social life dem&s1 is utt]ly de/roy$ by x4 ,b x is 9 ! t5? comm&m5t especially t ?is code so>s mo/ completely away beyond o!rs4 ,9 f\r %ort words ! :ole region ( neighb\rly duty1 s f> z acts are conc]n$1 has be5 cov]$1 & ) t o!r codes h be5 cont5t4 ,b ! laws ( ,yahweh mu/ cov] m ?an t4 ,out ( ! he>t proce$ all ^! acts :i* h be5 =bidd51 & ,yahweh takes k ( its ?\ghts & int5ts4 ,! covet\s desire1 ! grasp+ aft] t :i* we _c lawfully h1 t1 too1 is absolutely =bidd54 ,x has be5 po9t$ out t ! fir/ comm&m5t also deals ) ! ?\ghts4 ,?\ %alt h no o!r gods be=e ,me1 sep>at$ f ! prohibition ( idol-wor%ip1 c ref] only to ! inw>d adoration or submission ( ! he>t4 ,& 9 ?is la/ comm&m5t also x is ! evil desire1 ! lu/ :i* br+e? =? s91 :i* is condemn$4 ,9 its beg9n+ & end+1 !re=e1 ?is code transc5ds ! limits ord9>ily fix$ = law2 x leads ! m9d to a view ( ! dep? & bread? ( ! evil t has to be cop$ )1 :i* ! o!r precepts1 tak5 by !mselves & und]/ood 9 _! m]ely lit]al s5se1 w\ld sc>cely sugge/4 ,?is fact %\ld gu>d u aga9/ ! common fallacy t ,moses & ! p ( 8 day c\ld n h und]/ood ^! comm&m5ts 9 any s5se except ! b>ely lit]al "o4 ,9 ! fir/ & t5? comm&m5ts !re is involv$ ! :ole tea*+ ( our ,"l t he t hate? 8 bro!r is a murd]]4 ,! evil ?\ght t fir/ /irs ! evil desire is "h plac$ on ! same int]dict$ level z ! evil de$2 & ?\gh until our ,"l _h spok5 none _h se5 all t 0 impli$1 yet "h too ,he 0 only fulfill+1 br++ to p]fection1 t :i* ! law z giv5 by ,moses _h fir/ outl9$4 ,) ?is 9 view1 x seems difficult to ju/ify t int]pretation ( ! comm&m5ts :i* refuses all dep? ( mean+ to !m4 ,! initial & f9al ref]5ces to ! inn] ?\ghts ( m51 ! delicate moral p]ception :i* puts s un]r+ a f+] on ! s\rces ( s91 %[ t su* lit]alism is out ( place4 ,no int]pretation c d ?is law ju/ice :i* treats x sup]ficially2 & in/ead ( feel+ safe/ :5 we f9d lea/ 9 ^! comm&m5ts1 we %\ld welcome f !m all ! correction & repro( :i* a reasonable exegesis w su/a94 ,"s ( ^? :o adopt ! o!r view d s 9 ! int]e/s ( ! au!nticity ( ! comm&m5ts4 ,!y say1 ,we mu/ be c>eful n to put into !m any idea :i* transc5ds :at 0 possible 9 ! days ( ,moses2 o!rwise we mu/ agree ) ^? :o br+ d[n ! date ( ^! m>vell\s t5 words to ! middle ( ! sev5? c5tury ,b4,c4 ,b !re is mu* gr\nd = di/ru/+ mod]n judgm5ts z to :at m5 c h ?\ght & felt 9 e>li] & rud] /ages ( society4 ,s long z ! nave int]pretation ( ! /ate ( man be=e ! fall prevail$1 :i* ,milton has made s widely popul>1 ! t5d5cy 0 to exagg]ate ! e>ly man's moral & spiritual atta9m5ts4 ,n[1 :5 ! mo/ degrad$ savages are tak5 z ! true/ repres5tatives ( primitive man1 ! temptation is to m9imise bo? unduly4 ,h[ (t5 h we be5 told1 = example1 t ! ,au/ralian is ! l[e/ ( mank9d1 & t he has no o!r idea ( a spiritual _w ?an t :5 he dies he w jump up a :ite man6 ,yet ,mr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,h[itt1#ca an unexceptionable au?ority1 z hav+ himself be5 initiat$ among ! ,au/ralian blacks1 tells u t !y give religi\s & moral in/ruction to _! boys :5 !y receive ! privileges ( manhood4 ,8 words are3 ,! tea*+s ( ! initiation are 9 a s]ies ( 'moral lessons1' pantomimically display$ 9 a mann] int5d$ to be s impressive z to be indelible4 ,!re is cle>ly a belief 9 a ,great ,_s1 or r an an?ropomorphic ,sup]natural ,be+1 ! ',ma/] ( all1' ^: abode is above ! sky1 & to :om are attribut$ p[]s ( omnipot5ce & omnipres5ce1 or1 at any rate1 ! p[] 'to d any?+ & to g any:]e4' ,! exhibition ( 8 image to ! novices1 & ! magic dances r\nd x1 approa* v ne> to idol-wor%ip4 ,! wiz>ds :o pr(ess to communicate ) him1 & to be ! m$iums ( communication betwe5 him & 8 tribe1 are n f> remov$ f an organis$ prie/hood4 ,to 8 direct ord9ance are attribut$ ! spiritual & moral laws ( ! community4 ,al?\gh !re is no wor%ip ( ,d>amlun1 z1 = in/ance1 by pray]1 yet !re is cle>ly an invocation ( him by "n1 & a belief t c]ta9 acts please :ile o!rs displease him4 ,to mo/ x w\ld h seem$ absurd to attribute religi\s ideas ( su* a k9d to a p 9 ! social & moral condition ( ! ,au/ralian aborig9es4 ,yet "h we h ! te/imony ( a p]fectly compet5t & reliable witness1 :o1 moreov]1 has no p]sonal bias 9 fav\r ( !ologic notions1 to prove t ev5 9 _! pres5t /ate _! !ology is ( ?is comp>atively advanc$ k9d4 #ca ,j\rnal ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 ,may #ahhd1 p4 #bh4 ,_m critics l ,/ade1 & ev5 ,ku551 w\ld d5y to ,israel 9 ! days ( ,moses any conception ( ,yahweh :i* w\ld equal ! ,au/ralian conception ( ,d>amlun6 ,n to speak ( ! regrettable vivacities ( ,r5an 9 reg>d to ,yahweh1 ,ku55 w\ld d5y to ! ,mosaic ,yahweh ! title ( ,"l ( all2 he w\ld d5y to ,him ! p[] to g any:]e & to d any?+1 b9d+ ,him /rictly to ,8 tribe & ,8 l&2 he w\ld make ,8 prie/s little m ?an ! ,au/ralian wiz>ds2 & purely moral laws l ! ,decalogue ,wellhaus5 w\ld remove to a late date ma9ly because su* laws transc5d ! limits ( ! ?\ght & k ( ! ,mosaic "t4 ,b c any "o believe t ,israel 9 ! ,mosaic "t _h l[] beliefs ?an ^? ( ! ,au/ralian aborig9es8 ,9 e o!r respect !y _h left f> beh9d !m ! social /ate & ! m]ely embryonic culture ( ! ,au/ralian tribes4 ,moses himself is an irrefragable pro( ( t4 ,no su* man z he c\ld h aris5 among a p 9 ! /ate ( ! ,au/ralians4 ,ev5 ! fact t ! ,hebrews _h liv$ 9 ,egypt1 & _h be5 compell$ to d =c$ lab\r = a long s]ies ( ye>s1 w\ld ( itself h rais$ !m to a high] /age ( culture4 ,moreov] !y built h\ses1 & own$ %eep & cattle1 & mu/ h kn[n at lea/ ! rudim5ts ( agriculture4 ,inde$ ,deut4 xi4 #aj ass]ts ?is1 & ! te/imony ( travell]s z to ! habits ( ! tribes 9 ! wild]ness ( ! w&]+s n[ confirms x4 ,fur!r1 !y _h be5 9 contact ) ,egyptian religion1 & !y _h be5 surr\nd$ by cults hav+ m or less relation to ! anci5t civilisations ( ,mesopotamia4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 ev5 ap>t f all revelation1 x c\ld n be assum$ t _! religi\s ideas mu/ ne$s correspond to mod]n notions ( ! l[ type ( primitive religions4 ,on ! contr>y1 no?+ b ! cle>e/ pro( t _! religi\s conceptions 7 s surpris+ly l[ %\ld induce u to believe x4 ,on any supposition1 !y _h 9 ! ,mosaic "t ! fir/ g]ms ( :at is n[ univ]sally admitt$ to be ! highe/ =m ( religion4 ,c we believe t only #acjj ye>s ,b4,c41 9 ! full light ( hi/ory1 com+ out ( a l& :]e ! religion ( ! p _h be5 sy/ematis$ & elaborat$1 n = c5turies1 b = mill5niums1 & only #fjj ye>s be=e ! mono!i/ic prophets1 a p at su* a /age ( civilisation z ! ,hebrews c h _h crud] notions ( ,deity ?an ! ,wiraijuri & ,wolgal tribes ( ,new ,s\? ,wales6#cb ,x may h be5 s2 b be=e we take x to h be5 s1 we h a "r to dem& evid5ce ( a /r+5t k9d1 evid5ce :i* leaves u no way ( escape f a conclusion s improbable4 #cb ,see ,page ,r5\f1 ,hibb]t ,lectures4 ,moreov] ! acceptance ( ! view n[ oppos$ does n get rid ( ! necessity = sup]natural enlight5m5t 9 ,israel4 ,x only transf]s x f an e>li] to a lat] "t4 ,= if ! k ( ,israel 9 ,moses' day 0 bel[ ! ,wolgal /&>d1 !n x w\ld seem inexplicable t ! e?ical mono!ism ( ! prophets %\ld h gr[n out ( x by any m]ely natural process4 ,if !re 7 no inspiration be=e ! prophets1 ?\gh !y believ$ & ass]t$ !re 01 !n _! own inspiration only becomes ! m m>vell\s4 ,x is n ne$ful to d5y t ! ,hebrew tribes may at "s "t h pass$ ?r\gh ! l[ /age ( religi\s belief ( :i* ^! writ]s speak4 ,b !y err conspicu\sly 9 reg>d+ e trace ( animi/ic & feti*i/ic wor%ip :i* c be une>!d 9 ! language1 ! c]emonies1 & ! habits ( ! ,hebrews at ! ,exodus1 z evid5ce ( ! highe/ beliefs ( ! p at t "t4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ^! 7 probably m]e survivals ( a /ate ( ?\ght & feel+ !n ei!r sup]s$$ or 9 ! process ( be+ s4 ,besides1 ! mass ( any p always lag f> beh9d ! ?\ghts & aspirations ( ! highe/ ?9k]s ( _! nation2 & if we admit inspiration at all z a factor 9 ! religi\s developm5t ( ,israel1 ! di/ance betwe5 :at ,moses taught & believ$ himself1 & :at he c\ld get ! mass ( ! p to believe & practise1 mu/ h be5 /ill great]4 ,if he gave ! p ! t5 comm&m5ts1 he mu/ h be5 f> above !m1 & dogmatic ass]tions z to :at he c h ?\ght & believ$ ought to be ab&on$4 ,grant+1 h[ev]1 t all we h f\nd 9 ! ,decalogue's conception ( ,yahweh 0 pres5t to ! m9d ( ,moses1 & grant+ t ! comm&s :i* deal ) ! relations ( m5 to ea* o!r are n m]e isolat$ prohibitions1 b are f\nd$ ^u moral pr9ciples :i* 7 und]/ood ev5 !n to h mu* wid] implications1 !re /ill rema9s a gap betwe5 ! wide/ mean+ t e>ly "t c\ld put into !m1 & t :i* ,lu!r's ,cate*ism1 or ! ,cate*ism ( ! ,we/m9/] ,div9es1 = example1 ass]ts4 ,! "q !re=e arises :e!r ^! wid] & m detail$ explanations1 :i* make ! ,decalogue cov] ! :ole field ( ! moral & religi\s life1 are legitimate1 & if s1 on :at pr9ciple c !y be ju/ifi$8 ,! reply w\ld seem to be t !y are legitimate1 & t ! t5 words did conta9 mu* m ?an ,moses or any ( 8 nation = _m c5turies aft] him und]/ood4 ,= any fruitful ?\ght1 any ?\ght :i* really p5etrates ! he>t ( ?+s1 mu/ h 9 x wid] implications ?an ! fir/ ?9k] ( x c h conceiv$4 ,if by any means a man has _h insight to see ! c5tral fact ( any doma9 ( ?\ght & life1 its applications w n be limit$ to ! comp>atively few cases to :i* he may apply x4 ,he w g5]ally be cont5t to d$uce f 8 discov]y j ^? conclusions :i* 9 8 circum/ances & 9 8 day are practically useful & are mo/ clamor\sly dem&$4 ,b ^? :o come aft]1 press$ by new ne$s1 *all5g$ by new exp]i5ces1 & enlight5$ by new ?\ghts 9 relat$ regions1 w assur$ly f9d t m 0 involv$ 9 t fir/ /ep ?an any "o _h se54 ,! scope ( ! fruitful pr9ciple w ?us inevitably wid5 ) ! c\rse ( ?+s1 & inf]5ces undream$ ( by ^? :o fir/ enunciat$ ! pr9ciple w be securely drawn f x by lat] g5]ations4 ,n[ if t be true 9 reg>d to tru?s discov]$ by ! unassi/$ intellect ( man1 h[ mu* m true w x be ( ?\ghts :i* h fir/ be5 reveal$ to man "u ! influ5ce ( inspiration8 ,beh9d ! human m9d :i* receiv$ !m & appli$ !m to ! circum/ances :i* !n _h to be dealt )1 !re is always ! inf9ite m9d :i* sees t ,f>-(f ,div9e ev5t ,to :i* ! :ole creation moves4 ,! ,div9e purpose ( ! revelation mu/ be ! true measure ( ! ?\ghts reveal$1 & ! ,div9e purpose c be/ be le>n$ by /udy+ ! results z !y h actually evolv$ !mselves 9 ! c\rse ( ages4 ,consequ5tly1 :ile ! fundam5tal po9t 9 s\nd int]pretation ( a book su* z ! ,bible is to asc]ta9 fir/ :at ! /atem5ts made !re9 signifi$ to ^? :o he>d !m fir/1 ! second po9t is n to %ut ! m9d to ! wid] & m ext5sive applications ( !m :i* ! ?\ght & exp]i5ce ( m51 taught by ! c\rse ( hi/ory1 h be5 induc$1 or ev5 compell$1 to make4 ,bo? ! n>r[] & ! wid] mean+s are !re1 & 7 meant to be f\nd !re4 ,no exposition :i* ignores ei!r c be adequate4 ,t all works ( ,god are to be dealt ) 9 ?is way is beautifully demon/rat$ by ,rusk9 7,=s ,clavig]a1 ,vol4 ,i41 ,lett] ,v474 ,9 criticis+ ! /atem5t ( a botani/ t !re is no su* ?+ z a fl[]1 aft] admitt+ t 9 a c]ta9 s5se ! lectur] 0 "r1 he goes on to say3 ,b 9 ! deepe/ s5se ( all1 he 0 to ! extremity ( wrongness wrong2 = leaf & root & fruit exi/1 all ( !m1 only--t !re may be fl[]s4 ,he disreg>d$ ! life & passion ( ! creature1 :i* 7 its ess5ce4 ,_h he look$ = ^!1 he w\ld h recognis$ t 9 ! ?\ght ( nature h]self1 !re is1 9 a plant1 no?+ else b fl[]s4 ,t means1 ( c\rse1 t ! f9al p]fection ( a developm5t is ! real & f9al mean+ ( x all4 ,n[ any ?\ght giv5 by ,god 9 ?is special mann] :i* we call inspiration has 9 x a manifold & v>i$ life1 & an end 9 view1 :i* ,god alone =esees4 ,x works l leav51 x gr[s l a se$4 ,x is supremely liv+ & p[]ful2 & ?\gh x may h begun its life1 l ! mu/>d se$1 9 a small & l[ly sph]e1 x ca/s out bran*es on all sides till its entire allott$ space is fill$4 ,s 9 ! ,decalogue2 ! c5tral *ord 9 all ! matt]s dealt ) has be5 t\*$ ) ,div9e skill1 & all t has fur!r to be reveal$ or le>n$ on t matt] mu/ lie 9 ! l9e ( ! fir/ ann\ncem5t4 ,x is n1 !re=e1 an illegitimate ext5sion ( ! mean+ ( ! fir/ comm&m5t to say t x tea*es mono!ism1 nor ( ! second t x tea*es ! spirituality ( ,god1 nor ( ! sev5? t x =bids all s5suality 9 ?\ght or ^w or de$4 ,x is true t probably only ! sep>at5ess ( ,god 0 orig9ally se5 to be ass]t$ 9 ! fir/1 & ! words may possibly h be5 und]/ood to mean t ! o!r gods ref]r$ to _h "s k9d ( actual life4 ,! second1 too1 may h seem$ to be fulfill$ :5 no e>?ly ?+ t 0 made by man 0 tak5 to repres5t ,yahweh4 ,la/ly1 ^? :o say t no?+ is =bidd5 9 ! sev5? comm&m5t b lit]al adult]y h mu* to say = !mselves4 ,9 a polygam\s society concub9age always exi/s4 ,! abs5ce ( ! m flagrant ( :at 9 monogam\s societies are call$ social evils does n 9 ! lea/ imply ! sup]ior morality1 su* z _m :o wi% to disp>age our ,*ri/ian civilisation h ascrib$1 = in/ance1 to ,mohamm$ans4 ,! degrad$ class ( wom5 :o are ! reproa* & ! despair ( our l>ge t[ns are n s frequ5t 9 ^? societies1 because all wom5 are degrad$ to ne>] _! level ?an 9 monogam\s l&s4 ,bo? lu/ & vice are m preval5t3 & !y are s because ! :ole level ( ?\ght & feel+ 9 reg>d to su* matt]s is mu* l[] ?an ) u4 ,n[1 und\bt$ly1 anci5t ,israel 0 no exception to ?is rule4 ,9 x1 z a polygam\s nation1 !re 0 a lic5ce 9 reg>d to sexual relations ) wom5 :o 7 nei!r m>ri$ nor betro!d :i* w\ld be impossible n[ 9 any ,*ri/ian community4 ,x may be1 !re=e1 t only ! m>ri$ woman 0 specially protect$ by ?is law4 ,b 9 none ( ^! cases did ! m rudim5t>y conception ( ! scope ( ! comm&m5ts la/4 ,by imp]ceptible /eps ! sweep ( !m wid5$1 until f9ally ! la/ consequ5ces 7 d$uc$ f !m1 & !y 7 se5 to cov] ! :ole sph]e ( human duty4 ,x may h be5 a long /ep f ! prohibition to put o!r gods along ) ,yahweh to ,/4 ,paul's decisive ^w ,an idol is no?+ 9 ! _w1 b ! "o 0 f ! fir/ involv$ 9 ! o!r4 ,betwe5 ,?\ %alt n make unto !e a grav5 image & our ,"l's decl>ation ,god is a ,_s1 & mu/ be wor%ipp$ 9 _s & 9 tru?1 !re lies a long & toilsome upw>d movem5t2 b ! fir/ 0 ! gate into ! pa? :i* mu/ end 9 ! second4 ,simil>ly1 ! comm&m5t :i* affirm$ s /rongly ! sacr$ness ( ! family1 by h$g+ r\nd ! h\se-"m ) ?is special def5ce held implicit 9 x all t r>e & lovely purity :i* ! be/ type ( ,*ri/ian wom5 exhibit4 ,! pr9ciples ^u :i* ! initial prohibitions 7 f\nd$ 7 true to fact & to ! nature bo? ( ,god & man4 ,!y 71 !re=e1 nev] f\nd at fault 9 ! advanc+ /ages ( human exp]i5ce2 & ! mean+ :i* a mod]n congregation ( ,*ri/ians f9ds 9 ^! solemn words1 :5 !y are read be=e !m1 is z truly & ju/ly _! mean+ z ! m meagre int]pretation :i* alone anci5t ,israel c\ld put ^u !m4 ,h[ gradually1 & h[ naturally1 ! advanc+ ?\ghts & *ang$ circum/ances ( ,israel affect$ ! ,decalogue may be se5 mo/ cle>ly 9 ! diff]5ces betwe5 its =m z orig9ally giv51 & z x is set =? 9 ,exodus & 9 ,deut]onomy4 ,if ! orig9al =m ( ^! comm&m5ts 0 :at we h indicat$ 7p4 #fi71 !y correspond$ entirely to ! circum/ances ( ! wild]ness4 ,!re is no ref]5ce 9 !m :i* presupposes any o!r social backgr\nd ?an t ( a p dwell+ toge!r accord+ to families1 possess+ prop]ty1 & wor%ipp+ ,yahweh4 ,none ( ! comm&m5ts involves a social /ate diff]5t f t4 ,b :5 ,israel _h ent]$ ^u its h]itage1 & _h become possess$ ( ! ox5 & asses :i* 7 ne$$ 9 agricultural lab\r & 9 settl$ life1 ?is /age ( _! progress 0 reflect$ 9 ! reasons & inducem5ts :i* 7 add$ to ! orig9al comm&s4 ,9 ! f\r? & t5? comm&m5ts ( ,exodus we h consequ5tly ! ess5tial comm&m5ts ( ! e>li] day adapt$ to a new /ate ( ?+s1 i4e4 to a settl$ agricultural life4 ,!n1 ev5 z betwe5 ! ,exodus & ,deut]onomic texts1 a progress is p]ceptible4 ,! reasons = keep+ ! ,sabba? :i* ^! two rec5sions give are diff]5t1 z we h se51 & x is probable t ! reason giv5 9 ,deut]onomy 0 fir/4 ,to ! p 9 ! wild]ness came ! b>e ,div9e comm& t ?is "o day 0 to be sacr$ to ,yahweh4 ,9 bo? ,exodus & ,deut]onomy we h additions1 go+ into details :i* %[ t :5 ^! v]sions 7 prep>$ ,israel _h ceas$ to be nomadic & _h become agricultural4 ,9 ,deut]onomy we f9d t ! importance & usefulness ( ?is comm& f a humane po9t ( view _h be5 recognis$1 & "o at lea/ ( ! gr\nds ^u :i* x %\ld be held a po9t ( morality to keep x is set =? 9 ! words t ?y mans]vant & ?y maids]vant may re/ z well z ?\4 ,f9ally1 if ! critical views be correct1 9 ,exodus we h ! motive = ! obs]vance ( ! ,sabba? rais$ to ! univ]sal & et]nal1 by be+ br\ght into connection ) ! creative activity ( ,god4 ,if ! progression n[ trac$ out be real1 !n we h 9 x a classical in/ance ( ! mann] 9 :i* ,div9e comm&s 7 giv5 & dealt ) 9 ,israel4 ,giv5 9 ! mo/ g5]al =m at fir/1 !y inevitably op5 ! way = progress1 & z ?\ght & exp]i5ce gr[ 9 volume & rise 9 quality1 s does ! und]/&+ ( ! law z giv5 exp&4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( ?is expansion addition aft] addition is made1 till ! f9al =m is rea*$2 & ! :ole is !n set =? z hav+ be5 spok5 by ,yahweh & giv5 by ,moses :5 ! comm& 0 fir/ promulgat$4 ,9 su* cases lit]>y proprietor%ip 0 nev] 9 "q4 ,ea* addition 0 sanction$ by revelation1 & ^? by :om x came 7 nev] ?\ght (4 ,x w\ld seem1 inde$1 t no?+ b mod]n sceptical views z to ! reality ( revelation1 ! feel+ t all ?is movem5t to a high] fai? 0 m]ely natural1 & t ! h& ( ,god 0 n 9 x1 c\ld h sugge/$ to ! anci5t ,hebrew writ]s ! wi% to h& on ! names ( ^? by :om su* *anges 7 made4 ,yahweh spoke at ! beg9n+1 ,moses m$iat$ betwe5 ! p & ,yahweh1 & ! law ?us m$iat$ 0 9 all =ms equally ,mosaic1 & 9 all =ms equally ,div9e4 ,"o o!r ?+ rema9s to be notic$1 & t is ! prevail+ly negative =m ( ! comm&m5ts4 ,( ! t5 only ! f\r? & fif? are 9 ! affirmative4 ,all ! o!rs are prohibitions1 & we :o h be5 taught by ,*ri/ianity to put emphasis ^u ! positive aspects ( duty z ! really important aspects ( x1 may n improbably feel *ill$ & repell$ by a moral code :i* s def9itely & prevail+ly =bids4 ,b ! cause ( ?is is pla94 ,a code l t ( ! ,twelve ,tables publi%$ 9 e>ly ,rome is only occasionally negative1 because x rises to no great height 9 its dem&s1 & is int5t only ^u ord]+ ! life ( ! citiz5s 9 _! outw>d conduct4 ,b ?is code1 :i* seeks to raise ! :ole ( life into ! sacr$ness ( a cont9ual s]vice ( ,god & man1 mu/ =bid1 because ! fir/ condition ( su* a life is ! r5unciation & ! re/riction ( self4 ,b5evol5t dream]s & !ori/s ( all ages1 & m5 ( ! _w ^: moral /&>d is m]ely ! atta9m5t ( ! av]age man1 h d5i$ ! evil t5d5cy 9 man's nature4 ,!y h ass]t$ t man is born good2 b ! facts ( exp]i5ce are entirely aga9/ !m4 ,:5ev] a s]i\s ef=t has be5 made to raise man to any conspicu\s height ( moral goodness1 x has be5 f\nd necess>y to =bid him to foll[ ! b5t ( 8 nature4 ,?\ %alt n has be5 ! prevail+ =mula2 & 9 ?is s5se orig9al s9 has always be5 witness$ to 9 ! _w4 ,h5ce ! ,old ,te/am5t1 9 :i* ! mo/ /r5u\s conflict = goodness :i* ! _w 9 ^? ages knew 0 be+ c>ri$ on1 c\ld n fail1 9 e "p ( x1 to proclaim t man is n born good4 ,h[ev] late we may be compell$ to put ! writ+ ( ! /ory ( ! fall z x /&s 9 ,g5esis1 !re c be no "q t x repres5ts ! view ( ! ,old ,te/am5t at all times4 ,man is fall52 he is n :at he ought to be1 & ! evil ta9t is h&$ on f "o g5]ation to ano!r4 ,e g5]ation1 !re=e1 is call$1 by prophet & prie/ & lawgiv] alike1 to ! conflict aga9/ ! natural man4 ,! tru? is t all along ! lead]s ( ,israel _h a q ov]aw+ s5se ( ! moral greatness ( ,yahweh & ( ! /r+5cy ( ,8 dem&s ^u !m4 ,be ye holy1 = ,i am holy1 0 ,8 dem&2 & s among ?is p1 z among no o!r1 ! s5se ( s9 0 height5$1 till x embitt]$ life to all :o s]i\sly took to he>t ! religion !y pr(ess$4 ,?is feel+ s\ght relief 9 expiatory sacrifices1 l ! s9 (f]+ & ! guilt (f]+2 b 9 va94 ,x !n l$ to ,ph>isaic h$g+ ( ! law1 to seek+ a positive precept = e mom5t ( "t1 to b9d+ ^u m5's consci5ces ! mo/ m9ute & burd5some prescriptions1 z a means ( mak+ !m :at !y mu/ be if !y 7 to meet ! ,div9e requirem5ts4 ,b t too fail$4 ,x became a slav]y s intol]able t1 :5 ,/4 ,paul receiv$ ! p[] ( a new life1 8 pr$om9ant feel+ 0 t = ! fir/ "t he knew :at lib]ty meant4 ,he 0 set free f bo? ! bondage ( s9 & ! bondage ( ritual4 ,to ! religi\s man ( ! ,old ,te/am5t life 0 a conflict aga9/ evil t5d5cies1 a conflict 9 :i* defeat 0 only too frequ5t1 b f :i* !re 0 no dis*>ge4 ,x 0 fitt+1 !re=e1 t at ! v beg9n+ ( ,israel's hi/ory1 z ! p ( ,god1 ?is /]n prohibition ( ! r\gh] manife/ations ( ! natural man %\ld /&4 ,b x is *>act]i/ic ( ! ,old ,te/am5t t x /ates ! fundam5tal fact1 )\t any ( ! ov]-ref9em5ts & exagg]ations by :i* lat] doctr9al developm5ts h discr$it$ x4 ,!re is no appe>ance "h1 or any:]e 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ( ! ,lu!ran exagg]ation t man is by nature impot5t to all good1 z a /ock or a /one is4 ,keep+ close to ! te/imony ( ! univ]sal consci5ce1 ! ,decalogue1 & ! ,old ,te/am5t g5]ally1 speaks to m5 z ^? :o c be o!rwise if !y w4 ,!re is1 fur!r1 a robu/ ass]tion ( righte\s int5tion & righte\s act on ! "p ( ^? ^: m9ds are set to be fai?ful to ,god4 ,?is may h be5 p>tly due to a blunt] feel+ 9 reg>d to s91 & a less highly develop$ consci5ce1 b x 0 ma9ly a heal?y ass]tion ( facts :i* ought n to be ignor$4 ,yet1 ) all t1 orig9al s9 0 too pla9 a fact ev] to be d5i$ by ! heal?y-m9d$ sa9ts ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,fundam5tally1 !y held t human nature ne$$ to be re/ra9$1 its innate lawlessness ne$$ to be curb$1 be=e x c\ld be made acceptable to ,god4 ,among ! hea!n nations t 0 n s4 ,take ! ,greeks1 = in/ance1 z ! highe/ among !m4 ,_! wat*word 9 morals 0 n repression1 b h>moni\s developm5t4 ,e impulse ( human nature 0 "r1 & _h ! protection ( a deity peculi>ly its own4 ,re/ra9t1 su* z ! ,israelite felt to be 8 fir/ ne$1 w\ld h be5 reg>d$ z mutilation by ! ,greek1 = he 0 dom9at$ by no high] ideal ?an t ( a fully develop$ man4 ,!re 0 no vision ( unatta9able hol9ess hov]+ always be=e 8 m9d1 z !re 0 be=e ! m9d ( ! ,israelite4 ,god _h n reveal$ ,himself to him 9 p[] & unalloy$ purity1 ) a backgr\nd ( inf9ite wisdom & omnipot5ce1 s t une>?ly love & goodness 7 se5 to be guid+ & rul+ ! _w4 ,z a consequ5ce1 ! call+ & de/9y ( man 7 conceiv$ by ! ,greeks 9 a f> less so>+ fa%ion ?an by ,israel4 ,to put ! diff]5ce 9 a few words1 man1 h>moni\sly develop$ 9 all 8 p[]s & passions & faculties1 ) no?+ excessive ab\t him1 0 made ,god by ! ,greeks2 :]eas 9 ,israel ,god 0 br\ght d[n into human life to be> man's burd5 & to supply ! /r5g? ne$$ t man might become l ,god 9 tru? & m]cy & purity4 ,x is ( c\rse true t bo? conceiv$ ( ,god "u human categories4 ,!y c\ld n conceive ,god save by attribut+ to ,him t :i* !y look$ ^u z highe/ 9 man4 ,x is also true t ! high] natures 9 bo? nations1 />t+ ?us diff]5tly1 did 9 mu* approa* ea* o!r4 ,/ill1 ! imm5se diff]5ce rema9s1 t ! impulse 9 ! "o case 0 giv5 f ! e>? by dreams ( human p]fection1 9 ! o!r x came f above ?r\gh m5 :o _h se5 ,god4 ,! ,greeks _h se5 only ! glory ( man2 ,israel _h se5 ! glory ( ,god4 ,! result 0 t human nature z x is seem$ to ! "o mu* m wor?y ( respect & mu* less s]i\sly compromis$ ?an x did to ! o!r4 ,comp>+ man z he is1 only ) man z he easily might be1 ! ,greeks took a mu* less s]i\s view ( 8 /ate ?an ! ,hebrews1 :o comp>$ him ) ,god z ,he _h reveal$ ,himself4 ,! =m] nev] atta9$ any cle> conception ( s91 & reg>d$ x z a pass+ weakness :i* c\ld )\t mu* tr\ble be ov]come4 ,! latt] saw t x 0 a radical & n[ innate want ( h>mony ) ,god1 :i* c\ld only be cur$ by a new life be+ brea!d into man f above4 ,& :5 ,europe became ,*ri/ian1 ?is diff]5ce made itself felt 9 v widespread religi\s & !ological div]g5ces4 ,9 ! ,s\? & among ! ,lat9 races ! less /r5u\s view ( human disabilities--! view :i* naturally grew out ( ! hea!n conception ( man z1 on ! :ole1 born good1 ) no v ardu\s moral heights to scale--has prevail$1 & 9 ^? regions ! ,pelagian =m ( doctr9e has ma/]$ ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,b ! ,teutonic races h1 9 ?is matt]1 %[n a rem>kable aff9ity ) ! ,hebrew m9d & tea*+4 ,! deep] & m tragic view ( ! /ate ( man has comm5d$ itself to ! ,teutonic m9d1 & ! dep? ( ! moral ta9t 9 ! natural man has be5 e/imat$ accord+ to ! ,biblical /&>d4 ,x is n only !ologians among ! ,nor!rn races :o h be5 ?us affect$4 ,! high] imag9ative lit]ature ( ,engl& gives ! same impression2 & 9 our own day ,br[n+1 our greate/ poet1 has emphasis$ 8 acceptance ( ! ,augu/9ian view ( human nature by mak+ its tea*+ z to orig9al s9 a pro( ( ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity4#cc ,at ! end ( 8 poem ,gold ,hair3 a ,/ory ( ,pornic1 9 :i* he tells h[ a girl ( angelic beauty1 & ( angelic purity ( nature z 0 suppos$1 is f\nd aft] h] dea? to h sold h] s\l to ! mo/ gruesome av>ice1 he says3-- ,! c&id incl9e to surmise ( late ,t ! ,*ri/ian fai? may be false1 ,i f9d2 ,= our ,essays & ,reviews' debate ,beg9s to tell on ! public m9d1 ,& ,col5so's words h weight3 ,i /ill1 to suppose x true1 = my "p1 ,see reasons & reasons2 ?is1 to beg93 ',tis ! fai? t laun*$ po9t-blank h] d>t ,at ! head ( a lie--taught orig9al s91 ,! corruption ( man's he>t4 #cc ,br[n+'s ,poetical ,works1 vol4 vi41 p4 #fi4 ,b ! ,pagan view always reass]ts itself2 & mod]n ,hell5i/s especially1 9 _! admiration ( ! grace :i* does und\bt$ly g ) su* conceptions ( goodness z ! ,greeks c\ld atta91 are apt to look askance at ! h>%ness & /r5u\sness :i* !y f9d 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,= ! mo/ pa!tic & pure ( ! ,greek conceptions ( ! gods are ^? :i*1 l ,demet]1 embody "m's love or "s o!r natural glory ( humanity4 ,be+ ?us natural1 !y are set be=e u by ! ,greek imag9ation ) an uncon/ra9$ & graceful beauty :i* makes goodness appeal to ! /hetic s5se4 ,to d ?is seems to _m ! supreme a*ievem5t4 ,)\t ?is !y hold t ,*ri/ianity w\ld fail to meet ! requirem5ts ( ! mod]n he>t & m9d1 = to int]e/ ta/e on ! side ( goodness is1 app>5tly1 bett] ?an to let m5 feel ! compulsion ( duty4 ,reason+ on su* premisses1 !y claim t ,greek religion gave to ,*ri/ianity its completion & its cr[n4 ,?is is ! claim advanc$ by ,dy] 9 8 ,gods ( ,greece 7p4 #ai74 ,! ,greek poets & philosoph]s1 he says1 are among our intellectual prog5itors1 & !re=e ! religion ( to-day has requirem5ts :i* include all t ! noble/ ,greeks c\ld dream (1 requirem5ts :i* ! aspirations ( ,israel alone c\ld n satisfy4 ,our complex life _h ne$1 n only ( a supreme ,god ( p[]1 univ]sal & irresi/ible1 ( a jeal\s ,god beside :om !re 0 no o!r ,god1 b also ( a ,god ( love & grace & purity4 ,to ^! ideal qualities1 pres5t 9 ! ,div9] godhead ( ! ,gospels1 ! evolution ( ,greek my?ology br\ght mu* t satisfies our he>ts4 ,! be/ answ] to t is to read ,deut]onomy4 ,! ,hebrews _h no ne$ to borr[ a ,god ( love & grace & purity f ,greek my?ology4 ,c5turies be=e !y came 9 contact ) ,greeks1 _! inspir$ m5 _h pa9t$ ! love & grace & purity ( ,god 9 ! mo/ attractive col\rs4 ,nor did !y ev] ne$ to unle>n ! belief t ,yahweh 0 m]ely a supreme ,god ( p[]4 ,9 ! c\rse ( our exposition we %all h occasion to see t ! wor%ip ( m]e p[] 0 sup]s$$ by ! religion ( ,yahweh f ! fir/1 & t ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy gives 8 :ole /r5g? to demon/rate t ! ,god ( ,israel is a ,god ( love & grace & purity4 ,b p]haps grace means to ,mr4 ,dy] gracefulness4 ,9 t case we w\ld d5y t ! ,div9] godhead ( ! ,gospels1 z reveal$ 9 ,jesus ,*ri/1 _h t /hetic quality ei!r4 ,!re is no ^w ( an appeal to ! s5se ( ! arti/ically beautiful 9 any?+ record$ ( ,him2 b nei!r 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t nor ! ,new is !re any want ( moral beauty 9 ! repres5tation giv5 ( ,god4 ,moral beauty alone has a c5tral place 9 religion2 & :5 beauty t appeals to ! s5ses intrudes into religion1 x becomes a s\rce ( weakness r ?an ( /r5g?4 ,!re may be a few p :o c tru/ to _! ta/e to keep !m firm 9 ! pursuit ( goodness1 b ! bulk ( m5 h always ne$$1 & w always ne$1 ! sev]] compulsion ( duty4 ,!y ne$ an objective /&>d2 !y ne$ a ,god1 ! embodim5t & en=c] ( all t duty dem&s ( !m2 & :5 !y b5d !mselves to ! yoke ( obligation ?us impos$1 !y ent] into a _w ( heav5ly beauty :i* seizes & enraptures ! s\l4 ,! m]e /hetic beauty ( ,greek my?ology pales1 = ! m e>ne/ races ( mank9d at lea/1 be=e ?is ,div9] lovel9ess1 & x is ! special gift ( ! ,hebrew z well z ( ! ,teutonic races to be s5sitive to x1 j z !y fall beh9d o!rs 9 /hetic s5sitiv5ess4 ,wordswor? felt ?is1 & has express$ x inimitably 9 8 ,ode to ,duty-- ,/]n ,lawgiv]6 yet ,?\ do/ we> ,! ,godhead's mo/ b5ignant grace ,nor "k we any?+ s fair ,z is ! smile ^u ,?y face4 ,t expresses ! ,hebrew feel+ also4 ,drawn upw>ds by ! inf9ite & un*angeable love & goodness ( ,yahweh1 ! ,hebrews felt ! clog ( _! innate s9fulness z no o!r race has done4 ,! /]n ?\ %alt nots ( ! ,decalogue consequ5tly f\nd an e*o 9 _! he>ts4 ,won by ! beauty ( hol9ess1 !y gladly welcom$ ! discipl9e ( ! ,div9e law1 & by do+ s !y e/abli%$ human goodness on a f\ndation immeasurably m /able ?an any ! gracefulness ( ,greek imag9ations c\ld hope to lay4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,m$iator%ip ,,( ,,moses ,,deut4 v4 #bb-cc ,aft] ! t5 comm&m5ts1 ,deut]onomy1 l ,exodus1 next indicates t = all ( legislation1 exhortation1 & advice t foll[s1 ,moses 0 to be ! m$iator betwe5 ,god & ! p4 ,he is repres5t$ z ,yahweh's prophet or speak] 9 all t succe$s2 ! ,decalogue alone is set =? z ! direct ,div9e comm&4 ,evid5tly a great di/9ction is "h notifi$1 & :at x exactly 0 may be be/ expla9$ by ref]5ce to ! hi/ory ( ,roman law4 ,9 ! e>lie/ times t consi/$ ( ,fas1 ,jus1 & ,jus moribus con/itutum4 ,9 ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,pr(essor ,muirhead's description ( fas has be5 giv5 at l5g?1 s t we ne$ n repeat x "h4 ,! po9t to rememb] is t x consi/$ ( univ]sal precepts su* z ! ,decalogue conta9s1 giv5 direct by ,god4 ,jus aga9 01 accord+ to ,breal1 ! ,div9e w decl>$ by human ag5cy1 & x occupi$ mu* ! position :i* law does 9 civilis$ /ates n[4 ,f9ally1 jus moribus con/itutum1 or boni mores1 0 cu/om>y law1 :i* _h a tw(old function4 ,x 0 7#a7 a re/ra9t ^u ! law1 condemn+1 ?\gh x c\ld n prev5t1 ! ru?less & unnecess>y ex]cise ( legal "r4 7#b7 ,x 0 a supplem5t to law 7jus71 requir+ ?+s law did n1 e4g4 dutiful s]vice1 respect & ob$i5ce1 *a/ity1 fidelity to engagem5ts1 etc4 ,n[ x is a /rik+ fact t1 ?\gh !re c be no "q ( imitation "h1 ! legislation ( ,deut]onomy falls naturally into ^! v divisions2 & t fact ( itself gives /rong support to ! belief t "h 9 ,israel1 z !re 9 ,rome1 we h ! record$ facts ( ! e>lie/ ef=ts at ! regulation ( national life4 ,! fas1 !n1 corresponds to ! ,decalogue4 ,! jus runs exactly p>allel ) ! laws 9 ! /rict s5se ( ! t]m1 ^? :i* ,moses receiv$ f ,yahweh & aft]w>ds promulgat$4 ,la/ly1 ! boni mores are repres5t$ 9 ,deut]onomy by ^? beautiful precepts :i* limit$ ! ex]cise ( legal "r1 &1 go+ f> beyond law1 dem&$ ( ,israel t !y %\ld make good _! claim to be ,yahweh's p by ju/ice1 *>ity1 & purity4 ,to "s x may seem t we d no s]vice to ,scripture by insi/+ ^u su* a p>allel4 ,!y w feel z if !reby ! unique "* ( ! religion ( ,israel z a reveal$ religion 7 obscur$1 if n oblit]at$4 ,b no?+ c be imag9$ :i* c\ld confirm u 9 belief ( ! sub/antial accuracy ( :at we f9d n>rat$ ( e>ly times 9 ,scripture1 m ?an ! discov]y t1 )\t any possibility ( collusion1 ! e>lie/ records ( civilisation else:]e give u precisely ! same acc\nt ( ! =ms 9 :i* law fir/ makes its appe>ance4 ,surely we ought n[ to h le>n$ ?is lesson at lea/1 t x is no disp>agem5t to a ,div9ely giv5 sy/em ( law & religion1 t its gr[? & developm5t run 9 ! same *annels z ! gr[? & developm5t ( simil> sy/ems :i* h none ( ! m>ks ( a ,div9e orig94 ,revelation always seizes ^u m9d z x is1 & makes t a suffici5t & effective *annel = itself4 ,h[ev] x is to be expla9$1 x is true t ,div9e action g5]ally seeks to hide itself 9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( human ?+s z quickly z possible4 ,x is only at ! mom5t ( contact1 or at ! mom5t :5 x has bur/ =? 9 "s fl[] ( m ?an e>?ly grace & lovel9ess1 or :5 x has ov]turn$ & ov]turn$ until t /ate ( ?+s :i* has a "r to endure has be5 atta9$1 t ! ,div9e =ce reveals itself4 ,= ! mo/ "p x s9ks into ! g5]al sum ( =ces t are mak+ = ! progress ( humanity1 & clo!s itself gladly 9 ! uni=m ( o!r b5efic5t b natural influ5ces4 ,consequ5tly x ought to be a welcome fact t s close a p>allel exi/s betwe5 ! orig9s ( ,roman law & ! orig9s ( ,hebrew law4 ,! "o great ga9 already m5tion$1 t x expla9s ! e>ly appe>ance ( ! ,decalogue1 & %[s t "s su* laws w\ld naturally be among ! prim>y laws ( ,israel1 w\ld be suffici5t to ju/ify t view2 :ile 9 addition ! di/9ctions f ! e>ly laws ( ,rome help u to classify 9 cle> broad masses ! some:at disord]$ s]ies ( ,deut]onomic laws4 ,on "o po9t only does ! p>allel seem que/ionable4 ,if we foll[$ x alone z our guide1 we %\ld h to set d[n ! m$iator%ip ( ,moses1 z a m]e "p ( ! me?od1 z belong+ to ! =mal side only ( ! great revelation4 ,9 o!r words1 we %\ld h to ask :e!r ! /atem5t we h 9 ,deut4 v4 #bb-cj is only an emotional & pictorial way ( sett+ =? ! fact t1 foll[+ & supplem5t+ ! elem5t>y & ,div9ely giv5 ,hebrew fas1 !re 0 also a ,div9ely giv5 b humanly m$iat$ jus4 ,b cle>ly x means mu* m ?an t4 ,by ! e>li] prophets1 & g5]ally 9 all e>li] del9eations ( him1 ,moses is reg>d$ z a prophet :o _h m direct & cont9u\s access to ! ,div9e pres5ce ?an any o!r prophet ( ,israel4 ,moreov] he _h always be5 repres5t$ f ! e>lie/ times z /&+ betwe5 ,yahweh & ,8 p1 hold+ on to ! "o & refus+ to let ! o!r g4 ,9 ! great sc5e1 tak5 f ! e>lie/ con/itu5ts ( ! ,p5tateu* & n>rat$ 9 ,exod4 xxxii41 we see him anticipat+ by c5turies ! wond]ful picture ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god 9 ,isa4 liii41 & by a /ill m amaz+ /ret* ( "t1 t ,div9e/ wi% ( ,/4 ,paul1 t he himself might be accurs$ ev5 f ,*ri/ = 8 bre?r5's sake4 ,he ?us /ood betwe5 ,yahweh & ,8 p bo? z ! organ ( ,revelation & z ! self-=gett+ int]cessor1 :o suff]$ = s9s n 8 own1 z well z = s9s :i* 8 connection ) 8 nation _h br\ght ^u him2 :o1 in/ead ( rep9+1 0 will+ to be blott$ out ( ,god's book if t c\ld b5efit 8 p4 ,?is repres5tation ( ,moses is n accid5tal4 ,x is 9 complete accord ) a *>act]i/ic ( ,israelite lit]ature f beg9n+ to end4 ,9 ! e>lie/ hi/orical records we f9d t ! *ief h]oes ( ! nation are m$iators1 /&+ = ,god 9 ! face ( evil m51 & plead+ ) ,god = m5 :5 !y are brok5 & p5it5t1 or ev5 :5 !y are only t]rifi$ & re/ra9$ by ! t]ror ( ! ,"l4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! national hi/ory we see ! noble figure ( ,abraham 9 an agony ( supplication & entreaty be=e ,god on behalf ( ! cities ( ! pla94 ,at ! end ( x1 we see ! ,*ri/1 ! supreme m$iator betwe5 ,god & man1 p\r+ out ,8 s\l unto dea? = m5 :ile !y 7 yet s9n]s1 dy+1 ! j = ! unju/1 tak+ ^u ,himself ! responsibility = ! s9 ( man1 & refus+ to let him w&] away into p]man5t sep>ation f ,god4 ,& all betwe5 is 9 accord ) ?is4 ,= x is n ,moses only :o is reg>d$ z hav+ a m$iatorial (fice4 ,! v p itself is set1 by ! promise giv5 to ,abraham1 9 ! same position4 ,z e>ly at lea/ z ! eigh? c5tury x 0 put be=e ,israel1 t _! call+ 0 n = _! own sakes only1 b t 9 !m all nations ( ! e>? might be bless$4 ,& at _! highe/ mom5ts ! prophets & tea*]s ( ,israel always recognis$ ?is z _! nation's "p4 ,ev5 :5 !y 7 be+ scatt]$ among ! hea!n1 x 0 t !y might be ! means ( br++ ! k ( ,yahweh to ! nations4 ,f end to end ( ,scripture1 !re=e1 ?is conception is wr\ght into ! v fibre ( its utt]ances4 ,x is ( ! ess5ce ( ! ,biblical conception ( ,god t ,he %\ld "w among m5 by m$iators4 ,9 no o!r way c\ld ! prim>y ,div9e message be set =? ?an by ! prophetic voice2 9 no o!r way ?an by ! int]cession & ! suff]+ ( ^? mo/ 9 h>mony ) ! ,div9e w c\ld any effective hold ^u ,god be giv5 to ,8 p4 ,only by ^? :o ?us prov$ t !y _h se5 ,yahweh c\ld ,8 "* be express$4 ,fur!r1 x 0 9 ?is way t ,moses & ! prophets1 ! rul]s & ! sa9ts ( ,israel1 7 types ( ,*ri/4 ,!y 7 n m]e puppets set =? 9 c]ta9 crises ( ,israel's hi/ory to g ?r\gh a c]ta9 c>e]1 live a c]ta9 life1 & pass into & out ( a numb] ( sc5es1 9 ord] t !y might af=d u1 ^u :om ! end ( ! _w has come1 pictorial pro(s t all ?+s 9 ?is hi/ory 7 press+ t[>ds & conv]g+ ^u ,*ri/4 ,t w\ld be a v artificial way ( conceiv+ ! matt]4 ,no1 ea* ( ^! types 0 a real man1 ) real tasks ( 8 own to accompli% 9 ! _w4 ,n only 7 !y all real m51 !y 7 ! lead+ m5 ( _! v>i\s times4 ,!y bore ! burd5 ( _! day m ?an o!rs2 !y 7 ! special organs ( ,div9e p[] & grace2 & _! lives 7 sp5t 9 giv+ impulse & direction to ! movem5ts ( _! p's life t[>ds ! /range1 unlook$-= consummation appo9t$ = x4 ,!y 7 types ( ,*ri/1 !y gave promise ( ,him1 n because ( m]e arbitr>y appo9tm5t or selection1 b because !y did 9 _! day1 9 a l[] degree & at an e>li] /age1 ! v same "w t ,he did4 ,fur!r1 ! :ole nation 0 a type ( ,*ri/ 9 s f> z x 0 true to its call+ at all4 ,x 0 ! prophet & ! prie/ among nations4 ,x spread abroad ! k ( ,him1 & x di$ at la/ z a nation t life might be giv5 to ! _w4 ,bo? ,israel & all ! m5 :o truly repres5t$ x 7 p>tak]s 9 ! lab\rs & 9 ! suff]+s ( ,*ri/ be=eh&1 j z ,*ri/ians are said to fill up ! measure ( ,8 suff]+s n[4 ,! m$iatorial "* ( ,moses1 !re=e1 0 ess5tial4 ,x is no m]ely =mal ?+1 nor an aft]?\ght4 ,he w\ld h be5 no fit f\nd] ( ! m$iatorial nation _h he n be5 a m$iator himself1 = n o!rwise c\ld he h help$ to realise ! ,abrahamic promise4 ,b !re is ano!r subsidi>y reason :y a m$iator 0 necess>y to ,israel at ?is /age4 ,beh9d all t ,moses taught 8 p lay necess>ily ! anci5t popul> religion ( ! ,hebrews4 ,n[1 except 9 s f> z x may h be5 *ang$ 9 ,egypt1 t 0 9 its ma9 features ! same z ! religion ( ! o!r nomadic tribes ( ,semitic /ock1 = ! ,abrahamic fai? 01 cle>ly1 kn[n b to few4 ,b ! names giv5 to _! deities by ^! p--su* z ,baal1 ,adhonai1 ,milcom1 etc4--all express$ submission to ! irresi/ible p[] reveal+ itself 9 nature1 j z ,islam1 :i* means submission1 indicates t ,mohamm$anism is a m]e p]petuation ( ?is view4#cd ,consequ5tly ! ,israelite p 7 unable to conceive ,god save z a dev\r+ pres5ce1 be=e :i* no man c\ld live4 ,! ,mosaic view 01 9 itself1 immeasurably high]1 &1 besides t1 x op5$ up ! pa? to atta9m5ts !n inconceivable4 ,moses !re=e _h to /& alone 9 8 new relation to ,god1 :ile ! p c[]$ away 9 t]ror1 dom9at$ entirely by ! l[] conception4 ,!y c\ld n /& :]e he /ood4 ,!y 7 unable to believe t p[] 0 n ,yahweh's only attribute2 :ile ,moses _h _h reveal$ to him1 9 g]m at lea/1 t ,god 0 m]ciful & graci\s1 longsuff]+ & sl[ to ang]1 & t a life pass$ 9 ,8 pres5ce 0 ! ideal life = man4 ,bo? ! ,yahwi/ic n>rative 9 ,exodus & ! repetition ( x 9 ,deut]onomy give ! same repres5tation ( ! ev5ts at ,s9ai1 & indicate q cle>ly t1 :ile ! old relation to ,god 0 9 itself good s f>1 x 0 to be sup]s$$ by t high] relation 9 :i* ,moses /ood4 ,t is ! mean+ ( ! words 9 ,deut4 v4 #bh1 #bi3 ,& ,yahweh said unto me1 ,i h he>d ! voice ( ! words ( ?is p :i* !y h spok5 unto !e2 !y h well said all t !y h spok54 ,oh t !re 7 su* a he>t 9 !m1 t !y w\ld fe> ,me & keep all ,my comm&m5ts1 always1 t x might be well ) !m & ) _! *ildr5 = ev]6 ,! p>allel passage 9 ,exodus is xx4 #bj3 ,& ,moses said unto ! p1 ,fe> n3 = ,god is come to prove y1 & t ,8 fe> may be be=e y1 t ye s9 n4 ,9 bo?1 ! /&po9t ( fe> is approv$ z relatively good & :olesome4 ,x 0 well t ! p %\ld h ?is awe/ruck fe> ( ! ,div9e1 = x w\ld act z a det]r5t f s94 ,b x 0 n suffici5t4 ,x 0 only ! />t+-po9t = ! atta9m5ts :i* ,yahweh by ,moses1 & 9 ,moses1 0 ab\t to call & incite !m to4 ,moses !re=e _h to /& betwe5 ,israel & ,yahweh 9 ?is too1 t he _h ent]$ into & liv$ 9 relations ) 8 ,god :i* !y 7 z yet unable ei!r to conceive or to endure4 #cd ,cf4 ,s*ultz1 ,altte/am5tli*e ,!ologie1 p4 #ib4 ,x is well to add1 also1 t 9 giv+ approval ( ?is k9d to fe> z a religi\s motive ^! e>ly tea*]s 7 entirely 9 accord ) ! f9al developm5t ( ,israelite religion 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! mod]n view t any appeal to fe> 9 religion or morality is degrad+ w\ld h be5 simply un9telligible to ! ,biblical writ]s4 ,ev5 n[1 ! :ole fabric ( society1 ! /ate ) its (ficials & ! law ) its p5alties1 are a cont9ual prote/ aga9/ x 9 ! realm ( practical morality4 ,9 tru? ! conflict rais$ ab\t ?is matt] 9 mod]n times is simply a conflict betwe5 sup]f9e !ories & facts4 ,n[ ! ,old ,te/am5t is ?r\gh\t supremely true to ! facts ( human nature & human exp]i5ce4 ,x is practically a transcript ( !m z se5 9 ! light ( revelation4 ,9 a "t1 !re=e1 :5 9 morals & religion physical fact is be+ all[$ to ov]ride or p]v]t psy*ical fact1 ! ,old ,te/am5t view is peculi>ly :olesome4 ,x helps to re/ore ! balance & to keep man's ?\ghts sane4 ,ano!r po9t on :i* ?is n>rative ( ,deut]onomy corrects & re/ores t :i* ! t5d5cy ( mod]n ?\ght has p]v]t$ is an ev5 m important "o4 ,we h se5 t ! ,old ,te/am5t view1 z /at$ "h1 & z x is int]wov5 ) ! c5tral fibres ( ! ,old ,te/am5t conception1 is t all m5 :o are call$ to ! task ( p]man5tly rais+ ! level ( human life & ?\ght mu/ give n only _! light to1 b _! life =1 ^? :om !y seek to w9 = ,god4 ,!y mu/ ask no?+ f mank9d b ev] wid5+ opportunities = s]vice & self-sacrifice4 ,b 9 our mod]n day ?is has be5 precisely rev]s$1 & m5 l ,goe! & ,s*op5hau]1 & ev5 ,c>lyle1 h dem&$ t mank9d %\ld yield s]vice to !m1 & !n1 by ! fur!rance & developm5t !y !reby atta91 !y promise to "w out ! deliv]ance ( m5 f sup]/ition & unreality & ! bondage ( ignorance4 ,goe! 9 ?is matt] is typical4 ,he prea*$ & practis$ 9 ! mo/ uncompromis+ mann] ! doctr9e ( self-developm5t4 ,he ?\ght t he c\ld s]ve humanity 9 no way s well z by mak+ e "o he met1 & all ! exp]i5ces he enc\nt]$1 m9i/] to 8 own intellectual gr[?4 ,in/ead ( say+ ) ,moses1 ,blot me out ( ,?y book1 b sp>e ^! dim idolatr\s masses1 he w\ld h said1 ,let !m all p]i%1 & let me become ! orig9 ( a wis]1 m intellectual1 m self-re/ra9$ race ?an !y4 ,he consequ5tly pursu$ 8 own ends rel5tlessly f 8 e>ly ye>s1 & atta9$ results s imm5se t almo/ e doma9 ( ?\ght1 speculation1 & sci5ce is n[ "u "s debt to him4 ,b = all purposes ( inspir+ moral & spiritual en?usiasm he is practically useless4 ,8 selfi%ness1 h[ev] high its k9d1 accompli%$ its "w & left him cold1 unapproa*able1 isolat$4 ,?is want ( love = m5 made him ! accurate critic ( human nature1 b left him bl9d 9 great degree & hopeless altoge!r 9 reg>d to ^? possibilities ( bett] ?+s :i* are nev] :olly want+ to x4 ,! result is t1 not)/&+ 8 h]oic p[]s1 8 influ5ce is to-day r a m9us quantity 9 ! spiritual & moral life4 ,no "o :o has n w>m? f o!r s\rces p\r+ 9 ^u him c h mu* communion ) ,goe! )\t los+ vitality1 & 9 8 pres5ce ! ,div9e passion ( self-sacrific+ love looks out ( place1 or ev5 slightly absurd4 ,8 p[] is fasc9at+1 b x freezes all ! s\rces ( ! nobl] spiritual emotions1 & ultimately mu/ t5d to ! impov]i%+ ( human nature & ! l[]+ ( ! level ( human life4 ,no2 m5 are n to be rea*$ s if x is wi%$ to raise !m to _! highe/ p[]s1 & all exp]i5ce proves t ! ,new ,te/am5t 0 "r 9 summ+ up ! tea*+ ( ! ,old by ! words1 ,he t save? 8 life %all lose x1 & he t lose? 8 life = ,my sake %all f9d x4 ,t is ! doctr9e1 simple1 anci5t1 true2 ,su* is life's trial1 z old e>? smiles & kn[s4 ,if y lov$ only :at 7 wor? y\r love1 ,love 7 cle> ga91 & :olly well = y2 ,make ! l[ nature bett] by y\r ?roes6 ,give e>? y\rself1 g up = ga9 above6#ce #ce ,br[n+1 ,james ,lee's ,wife1 ,,vii4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,love ,,to ,,god ,,! ,,law ,,( ,,life ,,deut4 vi4 #d1 #e ,9 ^! v]ses we approa* ! comm&m5ts1 ! /atutes1 & ! judgm5ts :i* x 0 to be ,moses' duty to communicate to ! p1 i4e4 ! second great division ( ! tea*+ & guidance receiv$ at ,s9ai4 ,b ?\gh we approa* !m we d n come to !m = a numb] ( *apt]s yet4 ,we rea* !m only 9 *apt] xii41 :i* beg9s ) almo/ ! same words z *apt] vi4 ,:at lies betwe5 is a new exhortation1 v simil> 9 tone & subject to t into :i* *apt]s i-iii4 h be5 trans=m$4 ,to "s read]s 9 our day ?is repetition1 & ! r5ew$ po/ponem5t ( ! ma9 subject ( ! book1 h seem$ to ju/ify ! introduction ( a new au?or "h4 ,!y are scornfully impati5t ( ! repetition & delay1 especially ^? ( !m :o h !mselves a rapid1 da%+ /yle2 & !y decl>e t ! writ] ( ! laws1 etc41 f *apt] xii4 onw>ds _c h be5 ! writ] ( ^! long d\ble introductions4 ,!y w\ld n h writt5 s2 consequ5tly no "o else1 h[ev] diff]5t 8 circum/ances1 8 objects1 & 8 /yle may be1 c h writt5 s4 ,x is true1 !y admit1 t ! /yle1 ! gramm>1 ! vocabul>y are all exactly ^? ( ! purely legal *apt]s1 b t matt]s n4 ,_! irritation ) ?is delay is decisive2 & s !y introduce u1 entirely on ! /r5g? ( x1 to ano!r ,deut]onomi/1 second or ?ird or f\r?--:o kn[s8 ,b all ?is is too purely subjective to meet ) g5]al acceptance1 & we may )\t difficulty decide t ! l+ui/ic unity ( ! book1 :5 *apt]s vi4 to xii4 are comp>$ ) :at we f9d aft] xii41 is suffici5t to settle ! "q ( au?or%ip4 ,b we h n[ to consid] ! possible reasons = ?is second long introduction4 ,! fir/ introduction has be5 satisfactorily expla9$ 9 a =m] *apt]2 ?is second "o c1 ,i ?9k1 q z easily be acc\nt$ =4 ,! object ( ! book is 9 itself a suffici5t explanation4 ,to mod]n critical /ud5ts ( ! ,old ,te/am5t ! laws are ! ma9 int]e/ ( ,deut]onomy4 ,!y are ! mat]ial !y ne$ = _! recon/ruction ( ! hi/ory ( ,israel1 & !y feel z if all besides1 ?\gh x may conta9 beautiful ?\ghts1 7 irrelevant4 ,b t 0 n ! writ]'s po9t ( view at all4 ,= him x 0 n ! ma9 ?+ to introduce new laws4 ,he 0 consci\s r ( a desire to br+ old laws1 well kn[n to 8 fell[-c\ntrym51 b neglect$ by !m1 into =ce aga94 ,any?+ new 9 8 v]sion ( !m 0 consequ5tly only su* an adaptation ( !m to ! new circum/ances ( 8 "t z w\ld t5d to secure _! obs]vance4 ,ev5 if ,moses 7 ! au?or ( ! book ?is w\ld be true2 b if a prophetic man 9 ,manasseh's day 0 ! au?or1 we c see h[ naturally & exclusively t view w\ld fill 8 m9d4 ,he _h fall5 ^u evil times4 ,! be/ t _h be5 atta9$ 9 reg>d to spiritual religion _h be5 delib]ately ab&on$ & trodd5 "u foot4 ,^? :o sympa?is$ ) pure religion c\ld only hope t a "t w\ld come :5 ,hezekiah's "w w\ld be tak5 up aga94 ,if ,deut]onomy 0 writt5 9 prep>ation = t "t1 ! legal additions necess>y to w>d (f ! evils :i* _h be5 s ne>ly fatal to ,yahwism w\ld seem to ! au?or mu* less important ?an !y appe> to u to be4 ,8 object 0 to retrieve :at _h be5 lo/1 to r\se ! dead m9ds ( 8 c\ntrym51 to illu/rate t on :i* ! high] life ( ! nation dep5d$1 & to ?r[ light ^u x f all ! s\rces ( :at !n 0 mod]n ?\ght4 ,8 m9d 0 full ( ! high tea*+ ( ! prophets4 ,he 0 /eep$ 9 ! hi/ory ( 8 p1 :i* 0 !n receiv+1 or 0 soon to receive1 its all b f9al t\*es4 ,he 0 int5sely anxi\s t 9 ! lat] "t = :i* he 0 writ+ all m5 %\ld see h[ ,provid5ce _h spok5 = ! ,mosaic law & religion1 & :at ! great pr9ciples 7 :i* _h always und]la9 x1 & :i* _h n[ at la/ be5 made entirely explicit4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 x 0 n m]ely natural t ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy %\ld dwell ) insi/5ce ^u ! hortatory "p ( 8 book2 x 0 necess>y4 ,he c\ld n feel ,wellhaus5's ha/e to approa* 8 re/atem5t ( ! law4 ,to him ! exhortation 01 9 fact1 ! important ?+4 ,e day he liv$ he mu/ h se5 t x 0 n want ( k t misl$ 8 contempor>ies4 ,he mu/ h groan$ too (t5 "u ! weight ( ! indiff]5ce ev5 ( ! well dispos$ n to be aw>e t t 0 ! great h9drance to ! re/oration ( ! bett] ?\ghts & ways ( ,hezekiah's day4 ,he _h le>n$ by bitt] exp]i5ce1 :at e man :o is 9 e>ne/ ab\t induc+ masses ( m5 to take a /ep backw>d or =w>d to a high] life always le>ns1 t no?+ c be accompli%$ till a fire has be5 k9dl$ 9 ! he>ts ( m5 :i* w n let !m re/4 ,to ?is task ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy devotes himself4 ,& :atev] impati5t !ori/s ( to-day may say1 he succe$s amaz+ly4 ,8 exhortation t\*es m5 f "o end ( ! _w to ! o!r1 ev5 to ?is day1 by its affectionate impressiv5ess4 ,8 exhibition ( ! pr9ciples und]ly+ ! law is s true t1 :5 our ,"l 0 ask$1 ,:i* is ! fir/ comm&m5t ( all8 ,he answ]$ f ?is *apt] ( ,deut]onomy3 ,! fir/ ( all ! comm&m5ts is ?is1 ,! ,"l our ,god is "o ,"l3 & ?\ %alt love ! ,"l ?y ,god ) all ?y he>t1 & ) all ?y s\l1 & ) all ?y /r5g?4 ,! second is ?is1 ,?\ %alt love ?y neighb\r z ?yself4 ,!re is none o!r comm&m5t great] ?an ^!4 ,n[ ^! are precisely ! tru?s ,deut]onomy exhibits 9 ^! prefatory *apt]s1 & x is by !m t ! aft]-treatm5t ( ! law is p]meat$4 ,! au?or ( ,deut]onomy by ann\nc+ ^! tru?s br\ght ! ,old ,te/am5t fai? z ne> to ! level ( ! ,new ,te/am5t fai? z 0 possible2 & we may well believe t he saw 8 "w 9 its true relative proportions4 ,! hortatory *apt]s are really ! mo/ orig9al "p ( ! book1 & exhibit :at 0 mo/ p]man5t 9 x4 ,! m]e fact t ! au?or l+]s ov] x1 !re=e1 is entirely inadequate to ju/ify u 9 admitt+ a lat] h&4 ,inde$1 if criticism is to reta9 ! respect ( reasonable m51 x w h to be m sp>+ ?an x has hi!rto be5 ) ! lat] h&2 to introduce x "h "u ! circum/ances is no?+ %ort ( a blund]4 ,9 our v]ses1 !re=e1 we h to deal ) ! ma9 po9t ( our book4 ,com+ imm$iately aft] ! ,decalogue1 ^! words r5d] explicit ! pr9ciple ( ! fir/ table ( t law4 ,9 !m our au?or is mak+ x cle> t all he has to say ( wor%ip1 & ( ! relation ( ,israel to ,yahweh1 is m]ely an application ( ?is pr9ciple1 or a /atem5t ( means by :i* a life at ! level ( love to ,god may be made possible or secur$4 ,?is section1 !re=e1 =ms ! bridge :i* connects ! ,decalogue ) ! legal enactm5ts :i* foll[2 & x is on all acc\nts wor?y ( v special att5tion4 ,our ,"l's quotation ( x z ! supreme /atem5t ( ! ,div9e law1 9 its ,godw>d aspect1 w\ld 9 itself be an ov]:elm+ly special reason = ?or\gh /udy ( x1 & w\ld ju/ify u 9 expect+ to f9d x "o ( ! deepe/ ?+s 9 ,scripture4 ,! translation ( ! fir/ clause pres5ts difficulties4 ,! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion gives u1 ,he>1 ,o ,israel3 ,! ,"l our ,god is "o ,"l1 b t c no long] be accept$1 s9ce x re/s ^u ! ,jewi% sub/itution ( ,adhonai = ,yahweh4 ,tak+ ?is view ( ! con/ruction1 x %\ld be r5d]$1 ,he>1 ,o ,israel3 ,yahweh our ,god is "o ,yahweh2 & ?is is ! mean+ :i* mo/ rec5t au?orities--e4g4 ,knobel1 ,keil1 & ,dillmann--put ^u x4 ,b equally good au?orities--su* z ,ewald & ,oehl]--r5d]1 ,yahweh our ,god--,yahweh is "o4 ,?is is unobjectionable grammatically4 ,/ill ano!r translation1 ,he>1 ,o ,israel3 ,yahweh is our ,god1 ,yahweh alone1 has be5 receiv$ by ! mo/ rec5t & mo/ s*ol>ly ,g]man translation ( ! ,scripture1 t edit$ by ,kautzs*4 ,b ! objection t 9 t case l'bhaddo1 n 'e*dh1 %\ld h be5 us$1 seems conclusive aga9/ x4 ,! two o!rs come v mu* to ! same ?+ 9 ! end1 & 7 x n = ! "t at :i* ,deut]onomy 0 writt51 ,ewald's translations w\ld be ! simpl] & m acceptable4 ,b ! fir/--,yahweh our ,god is "o ,yahweh--exactly meets ! circum/ances ( t "t1 & moreov] emphasises t 9 ,israel's ,god :i* ! writ] ( ,deut]onomy 0 mo/ anxi\s to e/abli%4 ,z aga9/ ! prevail+ t5d5cy ( ! "t1 he n only d5ies poly!ism1 or1 z ,dillmann puts x1 ass]ts ! concrete fact t ! true ,god _c be resolv$ 9 ! poly!i/ic mann] into v>i\s k9ds & %ades ( deity1 l ! ,baalim1 b he also prohibits ! amalgamation or p>tial id5tification ( ,him ) o!r gods4 ,?\gh v little is told u conc]n+ ,manasseh's idolatry1 we "k en\gh to feel assur$ t x 0 9 ?is fa%ion he ju/ifi$ 8 introduction ( ,assyrian deities into ! ,temple wor%ip4 ,molo*1 = example1 mu/ 9 "s way h be5 id5tifi$ ) ,yahweh1 s9ce ! sacrifices ( *ildr5 9 ,tophet are decl>$ by ,j]emiah to h be5 to ,yahweh4 ,fur!r1 ! wor%ip at ! ,high ,places _h l$1 d\btless1 to belief 9 a multitude ( local ,yahwehs1 :o 9 "s obscure way 7 yet reg>d$ z "o1 j z ! multitud9\s %r9es ( ! ,virg9 9 ,romani/ l&s lead to ! adoration ( our ,lady ( ,l\rdes1 our ,lady ( taples1 & s on1 ?\gh ! ,*ur* kn[s only "o ,virg9 ,"m4 ,?is incipi5t & unconsci\s poly!ism x 0 our au?or's purpose to root out by 8 law ( "o alt>2 & x seems congru\s1 !re=e1 t he %\ld sum up ! fir/ table ( ! ,decalogue 9 su* a way z to br+ out its opposition to ?is great evil4 ,( c\rse ! on5ess ( deity z su* is involv$ 9 :at he says2 b ! aspect ( ?is tru? :i* is specially put =w>d "h is t ,yahweh1 be+ ,god1 is "o ,yahweh1 ) no p>tn]s1 nor ev5 ) v>iations t practically de/roy unity4 ,no proposition c\ld h be5 fram$ m precisely & exactly to contradict ! g5]al op9ion ( ,manasseh & 8 foll[]s reg>d+ religion2 & 9 x ! wat*word ( mono!ism 0 spok54 ,s9ce x 0 utt]$1 ?is has be5 ! rally+ po9t ( mono!i/ic religion1 bo? among ,jews & ,mohamm$ans4 ,= !re is no ,god b ,god is precisely ! c\nt]p>t ( ,yahweh is "o ,yahweh2 & f "o end ( ! civilis$ _w to ! o!r ?is /r5u\s confession ( fai? has be5 he>d1 bo? z ! tumultu\s battle-%\t ( victori\s armies1 & z ! /ubborn & immovable ass]tion ( ! despis$1 & scatt]$1 & p]secut$ p to :om x 0 fir/ reveal$4 ,ev5 to-day1 ?\gh 9 ! h&s ( bo? ,jews & ,mohamm$ans x has be5 h>d5$ into a dogma :i* has /ripp$ ! ,mosaic conception ( ,yahweh ( ^? elem5ts :i* gave x possibilities ( t5d]ness & expansion1 x /ill has p[] ov] ! m9ds ( m54 ,ev5 9 su* h&s1 x incites mission>y ef=t1 & x appeals to ! he>t at "s /ages ( civilisation z no o!r cre$ does4 ,x makes m51 nay1 ev5 civilis$ m51 ( ! wild feti*-wor%ipp+ ,african2 b = want ( :at foll[s 9 our context x leaves !m /r&$--at a high] level1 x is true1 b /r&$ nev]!less--)\t possibilities ( advance1 & expos$ to t t]rible decay 9 _! moral & spiritual conceptions :i* soon] or lat] ass]ts itself 9 e ,mohamm$an community4 ,israel 0 sav$ f ! same spiritual disease by ! great words :i* succe$ ! ass]tion ( ,yahweh's on5ess4 ,! writ] ( ,deut]onomy did n desire to set =? ?is decl>ation z an ab/ract /atem5t ( ultimate tru? ab\t ,god4 ,he makes x ! basis ( a q new1 a q orig9al dem& ^u 8 c\ntrym54 ,because ,yahweh ?y ,god is "o ,yahweh1 ?\ %alt love ,yahweh ?y ,god ) all ?9e he>t1 & ) all ?y s\l1 & ) all ?y might4 ,to u1 :o h inh]it$ all t 0 atta9$ by ,israel 9 _! long & ev5tful hi/ory z a nation1 & especially 9 its disa/r\s close1 x may h become a commonplace t ,god dem&s ! love ( ,8 p4 ,b if s1 we mu/ make an ef=t to %ake (f ! dull yoke ( cu/om & famili>ity4 ,if we d1 we %all see t x 0 an extraord9>ily orig9al ?+ :i* ! ,deut]onomi/ "h decl>es4 ,9 ! :ole ( ! ,old ,te/am5t !re are1 outside ( ,deut]onomy1 ?irte5 passages 9 :i* ! love ( m5 to ,yahweh is spok5 (4 ,!y are ,exod4 xx4 #f2 ,jo%4 xxii4 #e1 xxiii4 #aa2 ,judges v4 #ca2 #a ,k+s iii4 #c2 ,neh4 i4 #e2 ,psalms xviii4 #b1 xxxi4 #bd1 xci4 #ad1 xcvii4 #aj1 cxvi4 #a1 cxlv4 #bj2 & ,dan4 ix4 #d4 ,n[ ( ^! ! v]ses f ,nehemiah & ,daniel are manife/ly lat] ?an ,deut]onomy1 & ( ! ,psalms only ! eighte5? c ) any confid5ce be assign$ to a "t e>li] ?an ! sev5? c5tury ,b4,c4 ,all ! o!rs may ) great probability be assign$ at e>lie/ to ! times ( ,j]emiah & ! po/-exilic p]iod4 ,?ree ( ! passages f ! hi/oric books aga9--,jo%4 xxii4 #e1 xxiii4 #aa2 #a ,k+s iii4 #c--;are attribut$1 on gr\nds l>gely ap>t f ! use ( ?is expression1 to ! ,deut]onomic editor1 i4e4 ! writ] :o w5t ov] ! hi/orical books ab\t #fjj ,b4,c41 & made slight additions "h & !re1 easily recognisable by _! diff]+ 9 tone & feel+ f ! surr\nd+ context4 ,inde$ ,jo%4 xxii4 #e is a palpable quotation f ,deut]onomy itself4 ,( ! ?irte5 passages1 !re=e1 only ?ree--,exod4 xx4 #f1 ,judges v4 #ca1 & ,psalm xviii4 #b--;belong to ! "t previ\s to ,deut]onomy1 & 9 all ?ree ! m5tion ( love to ,god is only allusive1 &1 z x 71 by ! way4 ,be=e ,deut]onomy1 consequ5tly1 !re is little m ?an ! m]e occurr5ce ( ! ^w4 ,!re is no?+ ( ! bold & decisive dem& = love to ! "o ,god z ! root & gr\nd ( all true relations ) ,him :i* ,deut]onomy makes4 ,at mo/1 !re is ! h9t ( a possibility :i* might be realis$ 9 ! future2 ( love to ,god z ! p]man5t elem5t 9 ! life ( man !re is no indication2 & x is ?is :i* ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy means1 & no?+ less ?an ?is4 ,he makes ?is dem& = love ! ma9 elem5t ( 8 tea*+4 ,he returns to x aga9 & aga91 s t !re are almo/ z _m passages be>+ on ?is 9 ,deut]onomy z 9 ! :ole ,old ,te/am5t besides2 & ! p>ticul>ity & emphasis ) :i* he dwells ^u x are immeasurably great]4 ,only 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t d we f9d any?+ q p>allel to :at he gives u2 & !re we f9d 8 view tak5 up & exp&$1 till love to ,god fla%es ^u u f almo/ e page z ! te/ ( all s9c]ity & ! gu>antee ( all success 9 ! ,*ri/ian life4 ,to proclaim ?is tru? 0 inde$ a great a*ievem5t2 & :5 we rememb] ! abject fe> ) :i* ,israel _h orig9ally reg>d$ ,yahweh1 x w appe> /ill m rem>kable t ! book embody+ ?is %\ld h be5 adopt$ by ! :ole p ) en?usiasm1 & t ) x %\ld beg9 ! ,canon ( ,holy ,scripture2 = ,deut]onomy1 z all n[ recognise1 0 ! fir/ book :i* became canonical4 ,i h said t ! conception 0 an extraord9>ily orig9al "o1 & h po9t$ out t x _h n be5 traceable to any ext5t previ\sly 9 ,israel's religi\s books or its religi\s m54 ,x w appe> /ill m orig9al1 ,i ?9k1 if we consid] :at a gr[? 9 moral & spiritual /ature sep>ates ! ,israel ( ,moses' day & t ( ,josiah's2 :at ! attitude ( o!r nations to _! gods 0 9 contra/ to ?is2 &1 la/ly1 :at x involves & implies1 z reg>ds ! nature ( bo? ,god & man4 ,z we h already se51 ! e>li] n>ratives repres5t ! m5 to :om ,moses spoke z ackn[l$g+ t !y c\ld n1 z yet at any rate1 be> to rema9 9 ! pres5ce ( ,yahweh4 ,betwe5 _! ,god & !m1 !re=e1 !re c\ld be no relation ( love prop]ly s call$4 ,!re 0 rev]5ce1 awe1 & *iefly fe>1 temp]$ by ! belief t ,yahweh z _! ,god 0 on _! side4 ,he _h prov$ x by deliv]+ !m f ! oppressions ( ,egypt1 & !y ackn[l$g$ ,him & 7 jeal\s = ,8 hon\r & submissive to ,8 comm&s4 ,s f> z ! record goes1 t w\ld seem to h be5 _! religi\s /ate4 ,progress f t /ate ( m9d to a high]1 to a dem& = direct p]sonal relations betwe5 ea* individual ,israelite & ,yahweh1 0 n easy4 ,x 0 h9d]$ by ! fact t ,israel z a :ole1 & n ! individual1 0 = a long "t reg>d$ z ! subject ( religion4 ,t1 ( c\rse1 0 no h9drance to ! developm5t ( ! ?\ght t ,yahweh lov$ ,israel2 b s long z t conception dom9at$ religi\s ?\ght 9 ,israel1 s long 0 x impossible to ?9k ( individual love & tru/ z ! elem5t 9 :i* ea* fai?ful man %\ld live4 ,b ! love ( ,yahweh 0 decl>$1 c5tury aft] c5tury1 by prophet & prie/ & psalmi/1 to be set ^u ,8 p1 & s ! way = ?is dem& = love on man's "p 0 op5$4 ,man's relations ) ,god began to gr[ m intimate4 ,! di/ance less5$1 z ! use ( ! words !m t love ,me 9 ! song ( ,deborah & ! ,davidic ^w 9 ,psalm xviii41 ,i love !e1 ,yahweh my rock1 cle>ly %[4 ,hosea next took up ! /ra91 & int5sifi$ & height5$ x 9 a wond]ful mann]1 b ! nation fail$ to respond adequately4 ,9 ! lat] prophets ! love & grace & longsuff]+ ( ,yahweh & ,8 ceaseless ef=ts on behalf ( ,israel are cont9ually made ! gr\nd ( exhortations1 entreaties1 & reproa*es2 b1 z a :ole1 ! p /ill did n respond4 ,we may be sure1 h[ev]1 t an ev] increas+ m9ority 7 affect$ by ! cle>ness & int5sity ( ! prophetic te/imony4 ,to ?is m9ority1 ! ,israel )9 ,israel1 ! remnant t 0 to return f exile & become ! se$ ( a p t %\ld be all righte\s1 ! love ( ,yahweh t5d$ to become ,8 ma9 *>act]i/ic4 ,t love su/a9$ _! hopes2 & ?\gh ! awe & rev]5ce :i* 7 due to ,8 hol9ess1 & ! fe> call$ =? by ,8 p[]1 /ill pr$om9at$1 !re grew up 9 _! he>ts a multitude ( ?\ghts & expectations t5d+ m & m to ! love ( ,god4 ,z yet x 0 only a timid rea*+ out t[>ds ,him1 a hope & long+ :i* c\ld h>dly ju/ify itself4 ,yet x 0 robu/ en\gh n to be kill$ by disappo9tm5t1 by hope def]r$1 or ev5 by cru%+ mis=tune2 & 9 ! furnace ( affliction x became /rong] & m pure4 ,& 9 ! he>t ( ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy x grew c]ta9 ( itself1 & so>$ up ) an eag]ness t w\ld n be d5i$4 ,!n1 z always :]e ,god is ! object ( x1 love t d>es 0 ju/ifi$2 & out ( its re/less & timid long+s x came to ! place ( re/ imp]turbable1 :]e love is n =sak5 if itself =sake? n4#cf ,f k1 confirm$ by ! answ]+ love & inspiration ( ,god1 & impell$ consci\sly by ,him1 he !n 9 ?is book made & reit]at$ 8 great dem&4 ,all spiritual m5 f\nd 9 x ! ^w !y _h ne$$4 ,!y respond$ to x eag]ly :5 ! book 0 publi%$2 & _! en?usiasm c>ri$ ev5 ! torpid & c>eless masses ) !m = a "t4 ,! nation1 ) ! k+ at _! head1 accept$ ! legislation ( :i* ?is love to ,god 0 ! und]ly+ pr9ciple1 & s f> z public & corporate action c g1 ,israel adopt$ ! deepe/ pr9ciple ( spiritual life z _! own4 #cf ,augu/9e's ,confessions1 p4 #fd4 ,( c\rse ) ! mass ?is ass5t _h little dep?2 b 9 ! he>ts ( ! true m5 9 ,israel ! joy & assurance ( _! great discov]y1 t ,yahweh _! ,god 0 op5 to1 nay1 desir$ & comm&$1 _! mo/ f]v5t affection1 soon produc$ its fruit4 ,f ! fragm5ts ( ! e>lie/ legislation :i* h come d[n to u1 x is obvi\s t ! ,mosaic pr9ciples _h l$ to a mo/ unwont$ consid]ation = ! poor4 ,9 lat] days1 ?\gh ! +ra9$ t5d5cy to oppression1 :i* ^? :o h p[] 9 ! ,ea/ seem q unable to resi/1 did its evil "w 9 bo? ,israel & ,judah1 !re 7 nev] want+ prophetic voices to d5\nce su* villa9y 9 ! _s ( ^! laws4 ,! public consci5ce 0 !reby kept alive1 & ! ideal ( ju/ice & m]cy1 especially to ! helpless1 became a di/+ui%+ m>k ( ,israelite religion4 ,b x 0 9 ! m9ds ( ^? :o _h le>n$ ! ,deut]onomi/'s great lesson1 & _h tak5 example by him1 t ! love :i* came f ,god1 & _h j be5 answ]$ back by man ov]fl[$ 9 a /ream ( bless+ to man's neighb\rs4 ,deut]onomy _h utt]$ ! fir/ & great comm&m5t2 b x is 9 ! ,law ( ,hol9ess1 t complex ( anci5t laws br\ght toge!r by ! au?or ( ,p1 & f\nd n[ ma9ly 9 ,lev4 xvii4-xxvi41 t we f9d ! second ^w1 ,?\ %alt love ?y neighb\r z ?yself4#cg ,if we ask1 ,:o is my neighb\r8 we f9d t n ev5 ^? beyond ,israel are exclud$1 = 9 ,lev4 xix4 #cd we read1 ,! /rang] t soj\rne? ) y %all be unto y z ! homeborn among y1 & ?\ %alt love him z ?yself4 ,! idea /ill ne$$ ! expansion :i* x receiv$ f our ,"l ,himself 9 ! p>able ( ! ,good ,sam>itan2 b x is only "o /ep f ^! passages to ! ,new ,te/am5t4 #cg ,lev4 xix4 #ah1 #cd4 ,f ! /&po9t ( m]e fe>1 !n1 to ! /&po9t ( love :i* ca/e? out fe>1 ev5 ! masses ( ,israel 7 lift$1 9 ?\ght at lea/1 by ! love & tea*+ ( ,god4 ,& ! process by :i* ,israel 0 l$ to ?is height has prov$ ev] s9ce to be ! only possible way to su* an atta9m5t4 ,x began 9 ! free fav\r ( ,god1 x 0 cont9u$ by ! answ] ( love on ! "p ( man1 & ^! antec$5ts _h z _! consequ5ce ! proclamation ( t law ( lib]ty--= self-r5\nc+ love is lib]ty--,?\ %alt love ?y neighb\r z ?yself4 ,)\t ! fir/1 ! second 0 impossible2 & ! la/ )\t ! o!r two w\ld h be5 only a satire ^u ! incurable selfi%ness ( man4 ,x is wor?y ( rem>k1 at lea/1 t only on ! critical !ory ( ! ,old ,te/am5t is ea* ( ^! /eps 9 ! moral & religi\s education ( ,israel f\nd 9 its "r place1 ) its "r antec$5ts2 only :5 tak5 s d ! tea*]s :o 7 inspir$ to make ea* ( ^! atta9m5ts f9d circum/ances suit$ to _! message1 & a soil 9 :i* ! g]ms !y 7 commission$ to plant c\ld live4 ,b great z is ! contra/ betwe5 ! ,israel ( ,moses' day & t ( ,josiah's1 x is n s great z ! contra/ betwe5 ! religion ( ,israel 9 ! ,deut]onomic p]iod & ! religion ( ! neighb\r+ nations4 ,among !m1 at our date #fej ,b4,c41 !re 01 s f> z we "k !m1 no sugge/ion ( p]sonal love to ,god z an effective "p ( religion4 ,9 ! *apt]s on ! ,decalogue ! ma9 ideas ( ! ,canaanites 9 reg>d to religion h be5 describ$1 s t !y ne$ n be repeat$ "h4 ,i %all add only :at ,e4 ,mey] says ( _! gods3 ,) advanc+ culture ! cultus loses its old simplicity & homel9ess4 ,a fix$ ritual 0 develop$--f\nd$ ^u old h]$it>y tradition4 ,& "h ! gloomi] conception became ! rul+ "o1 & its consequ5ces 7 inexorably d$uc$4 ,! great gods1 ev5 ! protect+ gods ( ! tribe or ! t[n1 are caprici\s & 9 g5]al ho/ile to man--possibly to "s degree because ( ! my?ological conception ( ,baal z sun-god--& !y dem& sacrifices ( blood t !y may be appeas$4 ,9 ord] t evil may be w>d$ (f f ^? ) :om !y are angry1 ano!r human be+ mu/ be (f]$ to !m z a sub/itute 9 propitiatory sacrifice--nay1 !y dem& ! sacrifice ( ! fir/born1 ! be/-lov$ son4 ,if ! community be ?reat5$ ) ! wra? ( ! deity1 !n ! pr9ce or ! nobility z a :ole mu/ (f] up _! *ildr5 on its behalf4#ch ,?is also is ! view ( ,rob]tson ,smi?1#ci :o consid]s t :ile 9 _! orig9 ! ,semitic religions involv$ k9dly relations & cont9ual int]c\rse betwe5 ! gods & _! wor%ipp]s1 ^! gradually disappe>$ z political mis=tune began to fall ^u ! small] ,semitic peoples4 ,_! gods 7 angry & 9 ! va9 hope ( appeas+ !m m5 _h rec\rse to ! dire/ sacrifices4 ,h9ts conc]n+ ^! _h surviv$ f times ( savag]y2 & to ! diseas$ m9ds ( ^! t]ror-/rick5 peoples ! m anci5t & m horrible a sacrifice 0 ! m p[]ful did x seem4 ,at ?is "t1 !re=e1 ! c\rse ( ! ,canaanite religions 0 away f love to _! gods4 ,! decay ( nationality br\ght despair1 & ! frantic ef=ts ( despair1 into ! religion ( ! ,canaanite peoples2 b to ,israel x br\ght ?is high] dem& = m intimate union ) _! ,god4 ,:atev] elem5ts t5d+ t[>ds love ! ,canaanite religions orig9ally may h _h1 !y _h ei!r be5 m+l$ ) ! corrupt+ s5suality :i* seems insep>able f ! wor%ip ( female deities1 or _h be5 limit$ to ! m]e sup]ficial good und]/&+ :i* _! p>ticipation 9 ! same common life e/abli%$ betwe5 ! p & _! gods4 ,_! union 0 l>gely indep5d5t ( moral consid]ations on ei!r side4 ,b 9 ,israel !re _h gr[n up q a diff]5t /ate ( ?+s4 ,! union betwe5 ,yahweh & ,8 p _h f ! days ( ! ,decalogue tak5 a moral turn2 & gradually x _h become cle> t to h ,abraham = _! fa!r & ,yahweh = _! ,god w\ld pr(it !m little1 if !y did n /& 9 "r moral relations & 9 moral sympa?y ) ,him4 ,n[1 9 ,deut]onomy1 t fundam5tally "r conception ( ! relation betwe5 ,god & man receiv$ its cr[n 9 ,yahweh's claim to ! love ( ,8 p4 ,no contra/ c\ld be great] ?an t :i* common mis=tune & a common national ru9 produc$ betwe5 ! surr\nd+ ,semitic peoples & ,israel4 #ch ,ges*i*te des ,alt]?ums1 p4 #bdi4 #ci ,religion ( ! ,semites1 p4 #ccj4 ,b besides ! small k+doms :i* imm$iately surr\nd$ ,pale/9e1 ,israel _h = neighb\rs ! two great empires ( ,egypt & ,assyria4 ,%e 0 expos$ !re=e to influ5ce f !m 9 ev5 a great] degree4 ,long be=e ! ,exodus1 ! l& :i* ,israel came aft]w>ds to occupy _h be5 ! meet+-place ( ,babylonian & ,egyptian p[] & culture4 ,9 ! fifte5? c5tury ,b4,c4 x 0 "u ! suz]a9ty if n ! direct sov]eignty ( ,egypt2 b its :ole culture & lit]ature1 = x mu/ h _h books1 z ! "n ,kirja?-,seph] 7,book-t[n7 %[s1 0 ,babylonian4 ,?r\gh\t ,israel's hi/ory1 moreov]1 ,assyrian & ,egyptian mann]s & ways ( ?\ght 7 press$ ^u ! p2 & we _c d\bt t 9 reg>d to religion also _! influ5ce 0 felt4 ,b at ?is p]iod1 z 9 ! ,canaanite religions1 s also 9 ^? ( ,assyria & ,egypt1 ! t5d5cy 0 altoge!r diff]5t f :at ,deut]onomy %[s x to h be5 9 ,israel4 ,9 reg>d to ,egypt ?is is some:at difficult to prove1 = ! ,egyptian religion is s complicat$1 s v>i$1 & s anci5t1 t m5 :o h /udi$ x despair ( trac+ any progress 9 x4 ,a k9d ( mono!ism1 poly!ism1 feti*ism1 animism1 & nature-wor%ip su* z we f9d 9 ! ,v$as1 h 9 turn be5 reg>d$ z its primitive /ate2 b z a matt] ( fact all ^! sy/ems ( religi\s ?\ght & feel+ are repres5t$ 9 ! e>lie/ records1 & !y rema9$ con/ant elem5ts ( x till ! end4#dj ,:atev] _h once =m$ "p ( x1 ,egyptian religion clung to ) extraord9>y t5acity4 ,z "t w5t on1 h[ev]1 ! acc5t 0 %ift$ f "o elem5t to ! o!r1 & aft] ! times ( ! ,x,i,xth dyna/y1 i4e4 aft] ! "t ( ! ,exodus1 x began to decay4 ,a sy/ematis$ pan!ism1 ( :i* sun-wor%ip 0 ! c5tral elem5t1 0 elaborat$ by ! prie/s2 ! moral elem5t :i* _h be5 prom95t 9 ! days :5 ! picture ( ! judgm5t ( ! s\l aft] dea? 0 s popul> 9 ,!bes retir$ m into ! backgr\nd1 & ! purely magical elem5t became ! pr9cipal "o4 ,in/ead ( moral goodness & ! fulfilm5t ( duty be+ ! ma9 support ( ! s\l 9 its dread & lonely j\rneys 9 ! _w ( ! ,we/]n sky1 k ( ! prop] =mulas became ! *ief hope1 & ! ma*9ations ( evil demons ! ma9 dang]4 ,9 ! royal tombs at ,!bes ! walls ( ! long gall]ies are cov]$ ) repres5tations ( ^! demons1 & ! accompany+ writ+ gives directions z to ! prop] =mulas by k ( :i* deliv]ance c be secur$4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 conf9$ ! b5efits ( religion1 s f> z !y relat$ to ! life to come1 to ! educat$1 & ! weal?y4 ,= ^! secret spells 7 h>d to obta91 & _h to be pur*as$ at a high price4 ,z ,wi$emann says1 ,/ill m important ?an 9 ?is _w 0 ! k ( ! correct magical words & =mulas 9 ! o!r _w4 ,no door op5$ "h if its "n 0 n kn[n1 no dmon let ! dead pass 9 if he did n address him 9 ! prop] fa%ion1 no god came to 8 help s long z 8 prop] title 0 n giv5 him1 no food c\ld be procur$ s long z ! exactly prescrib$ words 7 n utt]$4#da ,! p 7 !re=e ?r[n back ^u ! anci5t popul> fai?1 :i* ne$$ gods only = practical life1 & hon\r$ !m only because !y 7 mighty4#db ,"s ( !m 7 believ$ to be fri5dly2 b o!rs 7 malevol5t deities :o w\ld de/roy mank9d if !y did n mollify !m by magic1 or r5d] !m h>mless by ! great] p[] ( ! good gods4 ,consequ5tly ,set1 ! unconqu]able evil demon1 0 wor%ipp$ ) zeal 9 _m places4 ,) him !re 7 num]\s demons1 ! enemies1 ! evil ones1 :i* lie 9 wait = individuals1 & ?reat5 _! life & weal4 ,! ma9 ?+1 !re=e1 0 to br+ ! correct sacrifices1 to use su* =mulas & p]=m su* acts z w\ld r5d] ! gods graci\s & turn away evil4 ,moreov] ! :ole ( nature 0 full ( spirits1 z x is to ! ,african ( to-day1 & 9 ! my/ic texts ( ! ,book ( ! ,dead1 !re is con/ant m5tion made ( ! my/]i\s be+s ^: names1 ^: c]emonials are n kn[n1 :i* ?ir/ = blood1 :i* br+ dea?1 :i* g ab\t z dev\r+ flame1 z well z ( o!rs :i* d good4 ,at all times ?is elem5t exi/$ 9 ,egypt2 b precisely at ?is "t1 9 ! reign ( ,psamtik1 ,brugs*#dc decl>es t new =ce 0 giv5 to x1 & on ! monum5ts !re appe>1 along ) ! great gods1 mon/r\s =ms ( demons & g5ii4 ,9 fact ! high] religion _h become pan!i/ic1 & consequ5tly less rigidly moral4 ,magic _h be5 tak5 up into x = ! life beyond ! grave1 & became ! only res\rce ( ! p 9 ?is life4 ,fe>1 !re=e1 necess>ily became ! rul+ religi\s motive1 & in/ead ( gr[+ t[>d love ( ,god1 m5 9 ,egypt at ?is "t 7 turn+ m decisively ?an ev] away f x4 #dj ,cf4 ,wi$emann1 ,religion d] alt5 ,aegypt]1 p4 #c4 #da ,wi$emann1 p4 #a1 #ce4 #db ,cf4 ,mey]1 p4 #ga4 #dc ,egypt "u ! ,ph>aohs1 ,brodick's edition p4 #dbc4 ,( ! ,assyrian religion & its influ5ce x is also difficult to speak 9 ?is connection1 = not)/&+ ! am\nt ( translation t has be5 done1 n mu* has come to light 9 reg>d to ! p]sonal religion ( ! ,assyrians4 ,on ! :ole x seems to be e/abli%$ t 9 its ma9 features ! religion ( bo? ,babylon & ,assyria rema9$ :at ! non-,semitic inhabitants ( ,akkad _h made x4 ,orig9ally x _h consi/$ entirely ( a _s & demon wor%ip n "o :it m advanc$ ?an ! religion ( ! ,s\? ,sea isl&]s to-day4 ,z su* x 0 9 ! ma9 a religion ( fe>4 ,?\gh "s spirits 7 good1 ! bulk 7 evil1 & all 7 caprici\s4 ,m5 7 consequ5tly all _! lifetime subject to bondage1 & love z a religi\s emotion 0 impossible4 ,:5 ! ,semites came at a lat] "t into ! c\ntry _! />-wor%ip 0 amalgamat$ ) ?is m]e ,%amanism ( ! ,akkadians4 ,9 ! new fai? ?us evolv$ ! great gods ( ! ,semites 7 arrang$ 9 a hi]>*y1 & ! spirits1 bo? good & evil1 7 subord9at$ to !m4 ,b ev5 ! great gods rema9 )9 ! sph]e ( nature1 & h 9 full measure ! defects & limitations ( nature-gods ev]y:]e4#dd ,!y are n entirely b5efic5t p[]s1 nor are !y ev5 moral be+s4 ,"s h special delight 9 blood & de/ruction1 :ile ! cruel ,semitic *ild-sacrifice 0 practis$ 9 hon\r ( o!rs4 ,aga91 _! displeasure has no necess>y or ev5 g5]al connection ) s94 ,_! wra? is g5]ally ! outcome ( m]e arbitr>y :im4 ,inde$ x may be d\bt$ :e!r ! conception ( s9 or ( moral guilt ev] _h a secure foot+ 9 ?is religion4 ,x c]ta9ly _h none 9 ! t]ror-/ruck hymn to ! sev5 evil spirits :o are describ$ ?us3-- ,sev5 7are7 !y1 sev5 7are7 !y4 ,male !y 7are7 n1 female !y 7are7 n2 ,moreov] ! deep is _! pa?way4 ,wife !y h n1 *ild is n born to !m4 ,law 7&7 ord] !y "k n1 ,pray] & supplication he> !y n4 ,wick$ 7are7 !y1 wick$ 7are7 !y4#de #dd ,mey]1 p4 #aag4 #de ,sayce1 ,babylonian ,lit]ature1 p4 #cf4 ,bo? poems "h ref]r$ to are pre-,assyrian1 be+ f\nd z translations 9 ! libr>y ( ,assurbanipal4 ,b ,assyrian religion made no progress2 x seems to h rema9$ always dep5d5t on ,babylonian1 ev5 9 details4 ,!re is "h an acc5t ( g5u9e t]ror1 :i* involv$ n love1 b hatr$4 ,ev5 9 :at ,sayce calls a ,p5it5tial ,psalm1 & :i* he comp>es to ! ,biblical ,psalms1 !re is no?+ ( ! gratitude to ,god z a deliv]] f s9 :i* 9 ,israel 0 ! *ief factor 9 produc+ ! response to ,yahweh's dem& = ! love ( man4 ,morally1 x conta9s no?+ high] ?an is conta9$ 9 ! hymn ( ! spirits4 ,! transgressions :i* are s pa!tically lam5t$1 & f ! puni%m5t ( :i* deliv]ance is s e>ne/ly s\ght1 are purely c]emonial & involunt>y4 ,! au?or ( ! pray] conceives t he has to d ) a god ^: wra? is a caprici\s ?+1 com+ ^u m5 !y "k n :y4 ,s conceiv$ ,god _c be lov$4 ,x is entirely 9 accord ) ?is t 9 ! great flood epic no reason is giv5 = ! de/ruction ( mank9d save ! caprice ( ,bel4#df ,! few expressions quot$ by ,sayce f a hymn to ! sun-god--su* z ?is1 ,m]ciful ,god1 t lifte/ up ! fall51 t supporte/ ! weak4444 ,l a wife1 ?\ submitte/ ?yself1 *e]ful & k9dly4444 ,m5 f> & wide b[ be=e !e & rejoice--_c avail to subv]t a conclusion s firmly fix$4 ,^! are simply ! ord9>y expressions :i* ! m]e physical pleasure ( ! sunlight br+s to ! lips ( sun-wor%ipp]s ( all ages & ( all climes4 ,at be/ !y c\ld only be tak5 z g]ms out ( :i* a lov+ relation betwe5 ,god & man might h be5 develop$4 ,b ?\gh !y 7 anci5t !y nev] 7 develop$4 ,at ! end z at ! beg9n+ ! ,assyrio-,babylonian religion moves on s l[ a level1 ev5 9 its m innoc5t aspects1 t a developm5t l t 9 ,deut]onomy is absolutely impossible4 ,9 its worse aspects ,assyrian religion 0 unspeakable4 ,! wor%ip ( ,i%t> at ,n9eveh outdid ev]y?+ kn[n 9 ! anci5t _w = lu/ & cruelty4 #df ,mey]1 p4 #agh4 ,cf4 h[ev] ,sayce1 ,! ,high] ,criticism & ! ,monum5ts1 p4 #aad4 ,sayce ma9ta9s t ! ,assyrian epic attributes ! flood to ! moral guilt ( m54 ,b t is by no means prov$1 = x is m ?an d\btful :e!r s9 to ! ,assyrian 0 n always ma9ly a c]emonial matt]4 ,on ?is side too1 !re=e1 we f9d no p>allel to ,israel's new outgr[? ( high] religion4 ,comp>ison only makes x /& out m boldly 9 its spl5did orig9ality2 & we are left ) ! fruitful "q1 ,:at 0 ! root ( ! a/oni%+ diff]5ce betwe5 ,yahweh & e o!r god :om ,israel _h he>d (8 ,precisely at ?is "t & "u ! same circum/ances1 ! e?nic religions ar\nd ,israel 7 develop+ away f any high] elem5ts !y _h conta9$1 & 7 !reby1 z we "k n[1 ha/5+ to ext9ction4 ,"u ! inspir$ prophetic influ5ce1 ,israel's religion turn$ ! loss ( ! nation into ga92 x rose by ! d>kness ( national mis=tune into a nobl] phase ?an any x _h previ\sly kn[n4 ,b p]haps ! cr[n+ m]it ( ?is dem& = love ( ,god is ! emphasis x lays ^u p]sonality 9 bo? ,god & man1 & ! high level at :i* x conceives _! mutual relations4 ,f ! fir/1 ( c\rse1 ! p]sonal elem5t 0 always v /rongly pres5t 9 ! ,israelite conception ( ,god4 ,inde$ p]sonality 0 ! dom9at+ idea among all ! small] nations :i* surr\nd$ ,israel4 ,! national god 0 conceiv$ ( ma9ly z a great] & m p[]ful man1 full ( ! en]getic self-ass]tion )\t :i* x w\ld be impossible = any man to reign ov] an ,ea/]n community4 ,! ,moabite /one %[s ?is1 = 9 x ,*emo% is z %>ply def9$ a p]son z ,me%a himself4 ,! ,canaanite gods1 !re=e1 might be want+ 9 moral "*2 _! exi/5ce 0 d\btless ?\ght ( 9 a limit$ & :olly c>nal mann]2 b !re nev] 01 app>5tly1 ! lea/ t5d5cy to obscure ! %>p l9es ( _! individuality4 ,9 ,israel1 a =tiori1 su* a t5d5cy did n exi/2 & t a writ] ( ,mat!w ,arnold's ability %\ld h p]suad$ himself1 & tri$ to p]suade o!rs1 t "u ! "n ( ,yahweh ,israel und]/ood any?+ s vague z 8 /ream ( t5d5cy :i* makes = righte\sness1 is only ano!r in/ance ( ! extraord9>ily bl9d+ effects ( a preconceiv$ idea4 ,s f> f ,yahweh be+ conceiv$ 9 t mann]1 x w\ld be mu* easi] to prove t1 :atev] ab]rations 9 ! direction ( mak+ ,god m]ely a non-natural man may be *>g$ ^u ,*ri/ianity1 !y h be5 f\nd$ almo/ exclusively ^u ,old ,te/am5t examples & ,old ,te/am5t texts4 ,if !re 0 defect 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t conception ( ,god1 x 01 & c\ld n b be1 9 ! direction ( draw+ ,him d[n too mu* into ! limits ( human p]sonality4 ,b ?\gh ! gods 7 always ?\ght ( by ! ,canaanites z p]sonal1 _! "* 0 n conceiv$ z morally high4 ,moral "* 9 ,*emo%1 ,molo*1 or ,baal 0 n ( mu* importance1 & _! relations ) _! peoples 7 nev] condition$ by moral conduct4 ,h[ deeply +ra9$ ?is view 0 9 ,pale/9e is se5 9 ! p]si/5cy ) :i* ev5 ,yahweh's relation to ,8 p 0 view$ 9 ?is light4 ,only ! cont9ual outcry ( ! prophets aga9/ x prev5t$ ?is idea becom+ p]man5tly dom9ant ev5 9 ,israel4 ,nay1 x (t5 deceiv$ w\ld-be prophets4 ,cl++ to ! idea ( ! national ,god1 & =gett+ altoge!r ! e?ical "* ( ,yahweh1 )\t1 p]haps1 consci\s ins9c]ity1 !y prophesi$ peace to ! wick$1 & s came to swell ! ranks ( ! false prophets4 ,b f v e>ly times ano!r ?\ght 0 *]i%$ by ,israel's repres5tative m5 9 reg>d to _! relations ) ,god4 ,yahweh 0 righte\s1 & dem&$ righte\sness 9 ,8 p4 ,oblations 7 va9 if (f]$ z a sub/itute = ?is4 ,all ! prophets rea* _! greate/ heights ( sublimity 9 prea*+ ?is e?ically noble doctr9e2 & ! love to ,god :i* ,deut]onomy dem&s is to be exhibit$ 9 rev]5t ob$i5ce to moral law4 ,moreov]1 t ,god %\ld seek or ev5 ne$ ! love ( man ?rew o!r light on ! ,old ,te/am5t religion4 ,if1 )\t revelation1 ,israel _h wid5$ its m5tal horizon s z to conceive ,yahweh z ,"l ( ! _w1 x may be que/ion$ :e!r x c\ld h kept cle> ( ! gulf ( pan!ism4 ,b by ! manife/ation ( ,god 9 _! special hi/ory1 ! ,israelites _h be5 taught to rise /ep by /ep to ! high] levels1 )\t los+ _! conception ( ,yahweh z ! liv+1 p]sonal1 active fri5d ( _! p4 ,moreov] !y _h be5 e>ly taught1 z we h se51 t ! deep design ( all t 0 wr\ght = !m 0 ! good ( all m54 ,! love ( ,god 0 se5 press+ =w>d to its glori\s & b5efic5t ends2 & bo? by ascrib+ su* f>-rea*+ plans to ,yahweh1 & by affirm+ ,8 int]e/ 9 ! fate ( m51 ,israel's conception ( ! ,div9e p]sonality 0 rais$ alike 9 significance & p[]2 = any?+ m p]sonal ?an love plann+ & work+ t[>ds ! happ9ess ( its objects _c be conceiv$4 ,b ! cr[n 0 set ^u ! ,div9e p]sonality by ! claim to ! love ( man4 ,?is signifi$ t to ! ,div9e m9d ! individual man 0 n hid f ,god by 8 nation1 t he 0 n = ,him a m]e specim5 ( a g5us4 ,r ea* man has to ,god a special wor?1 a special "*1 :i*1 impell$ by ,8 free p]sonal love1 ,he seeks to draw to ,himself4 ,at e /ep ea* man has ne> him ! great ,companion1 :o desires to give ,himself to him4 ,nay1 m1 x implies t ,god seeks & ne$s an answ]+ love2 s t ,br[n+'s d>+ decl>ation1 put into ! m\? ( ,god :5 ! song ( ! boy ,!ocrite is no m he>d1 ,i miss ,my little human praise1 is simple tru?4#dg #dg ,br[n+'s ,poems1 ,! ,boy & ! ,angel4 ,b if ! dem& illu/rates & illum9ates ! p]sonality ( ,god1 x ?r[s out 9 a /ill m decisive mann] ! p]sonality ( man4 ,9 a r\gh s5se1 ( c\rse1 !re nev] c\ld h be5 any d\bt ( t4 ,b *ildr5 h to gr[ into full self-det]m9+ p]sonality1 & savages nev] atta9 x4 ,bo? are at ! m]cy ( caprice1 or ( ! ne$s ( ! mom5t1 to :i* !y answ] s helplessly t 9 g5]al no consi/5t c\rse ( conduct c be expect$ ( !m4 ,t c be secur$ only by rigor\s self-det]m9ation4 ,b ! p[] ( self-det]m9ation does n come at once1 nor is acquir$ )\t /r5u\s & cont9u$ ef=t2 x is1 9 fact1 a p[] :i* 9 any full measure is possess$ only by ! civilis$ man4 ,n[ ! ,israelites 7 n highly civilis$ :5 !y left ,egypt4 ,!y 7 /ill at ! /age :5 ! tribe ov]%ad[$ & absorb$ ! individual1 z x does to-day among ! ,s\? ,sea isl&]s4 ,! progress ( ! prophetic ?\ght t[>ds ! dem& = p]sonal love has already be5 trac$4 ,"h we mu/ trace ! /eps by :i* ! p]sonal elem5t 9 ea* individual 0 /r5g!n$ 9 ,israel1 till x 0 fit to respond to ! ,div9e dem&4 ,! high call+ ( ! p react$ on ! individual ,israelites4 ,!y saw t 9 _m respects ! nations ar\nd !m 7 inf]ior to !m4 ,mu* t 0 tol]at$ or ev5 respect$ among !m 0 an abom9ation to ,israel2 & e ,israelite felt t ! hon\r ( 8 p mu/ n be dragg$ 9 ! du/ by him1 z x w\ld be if he p]mitt$ himself to s9k to ! hea!n level4 ,fur!r1 ! laws reg>d+ ev5 c]emonial hol9ess :i* 9 g]m c]ta9ly1 & probably 9 consid]able ext5sion also1 exi/$ f ! e>lie/ "t1 made him feel t ! sanctity ( ! nation dep5d$ ^u ! c>e & scrupulosity ( ! individual4 ,& !n !re 7 ! individual spiritual ne$s1 :i* c\ld n be suppress$ & w\ld n be d5i$4 ,?\gh "o sees s little explicit provision = re/oration ( individual "* 9 e>ly ,yahwism1 yet 9 ! c\rse ( "t--:o c d\bt x8--! p]sonal religi\s ne$s ( s _m individual m5 w\ld necess>ily frame = !mselves "s outlet4 ,build+ ^u ! analogy ( ! relation e/abli%$ betwe5 ,yahweh & ,israel1 !y w\ld hope = ! satisfaction ( _! individual ne$s ?r\gh ! inf9ite m]cy ( ,god4 ,! ,psalms1 su* ( !m z c fairly be plac$ 9 ! pre-,deut]onomic "t1 be> witness to ?is2 & ^? writt5 aft] t "t %[ a hopefulness1 & a fai? 9 ! reality ( individual communion ) ,god :i* %[ t su* communion 0 n !n a new discov]y4 ,9 all ^! ways ! religi\s life ( ! individual 0 be+ cultivat$ & /r5g!n$2 b ?is dem& made 9 ,deut]onomy lifts t indirect refre%m5t ( s\l1 = :i* ! cultus & ! cov5ants made no special provision1 into a recognis$ position1 nay1 into ! c5tral position 9 ,israelite religion4 ,! ^w1 ,?\ %alt love ,yahweh ?y ,god1 confirm$ & ju/ifi$ all ^! p]si/5t ef=ts aft] individual life 9 ,god1 & br\ght !m out into ! l>ge place :i* belongs to aspirations t h at la/ be5 au?oris$4 ,by a t\*1 ! inspir$ writ] trans=m$ ! pi\s hopes ( ^? :o _h be5 ! *os5 among ! *os5 p into c]ta9ties4 ,ea* man 0 h5ce=? to h 8 own direct relation to ,god z well z ! nation2 & ! national hope1 :i* _h hi!rto be5 fir/1 0 n[ to dep5d = its realisation ^u ! fulfilm5t ( ! special & private hope4 ,?us ! old relation 0 entirely rev]s$ by ,deut]onomy4 ,in/ead ( ! individual hold+ def9ite place 9 reg>d to ,yahweh only ?r\gh 8 citiz5%ip1 n[ ! nation has its place & its future secur$ only by ! p]sonal love ( ea* citiz5 to ,god4 ,= t is obvi\sly :at ! dem& "h made really means4 ,aga9 & aga9 ! inspir$ writ] returns to x2 & 8 p]si/5t endeav\r is to connect all else t 8 book conta9s--w>n+1 exhortation1 legislation--) ?is z ! f\ndation & />t+-po9t4 ,"h1 z else:]e1 we c trace ! roots ( ! new cov5ant :i* ,j]emiah & ,ezekiel saw af> (f & rejoic$ at1 & :i* our bless$ ,"l has realis$ = u4 ,! individual religi\s life is = ! fir/ "t fully recognis$ = :at ev] s9ce x has be5 se5 to be1 ! fir/ condition ( any attempt to realise ! k+dom ( ,god 9 ! life ( a nation4 ,& n only ?us does our text emphasise individuality4 ,love ) all ! he>t1 & all ! m9d1 & all ! s\l is possible only to a fully develop$ p]sonality2 =1 z ,ro! says1 ,we love only 9 ! measure 9 :i* p]sonality is develop$ 9 u4 ,ev5 ,god c love only 9 s f> z ,he is p]sonal4#dh ,or1 z ,julius ,mull] says 9 8 ,doctr9e ( ,s91 ,! association ( p]sonal be+s 9 love1 :ile x involves ! mo/ p]fect di/9ction ( ! ,i & ,?\1 proves itself to be ! highe/ =m ( unity4#di ,unless o!r c\nt]act+ circum/ances come 91 !re=e1 ! m highly develop$ individuality is1 ! m entirely human be+s are det]m9$ f )91 ! m entirely w union among m5 dep5d ^u free & delib]ate *oice1 & ! m p]fect w x be4 ,9 be+ call$ to love ,god m5 are dealt ) z ^? :o h atta9$ to complete self-det]m9ation1 :o h come to complet$ manhood 9 ! moral life4 ,= all t c\ld mix love ) alloy1 m]e s5su\s sympa?y1 & ! insi/5t appeal ( t :i* is mat]ially pres5t1 are want+ "h4 ,"h no?+ is involv$ b ! free outgo+ ( ! he>t to t :i* is be/ & highe/2 no?+ b loyalty to t vision ( ,good :i*1 amid all ! ru9 s9 has wr\ght 9 human nature1 dom9ates u s t we ne$s mu/ love ! highe/ :5 we see x4 ,! v dem& is a promise & a prophecy ( complet$ moral & religi\s lib]ty to ! individual s\l4 ,x re/s ^u ! assurance t m5 h at la/ be5 tra9$ to walk alone1 t ! support ( social life & ext]nal ord9ances has become less necess>y ?an x 01 & t "o day a new & liv+ way ( access to ! ,fa!r w br+ e s\l into daily int]c\rse ) ! s\rce ( all spiritual life4 #dh ,!ol41 ,e?ik i41 p4 #eae4 #di ,doctr9e ( ,s91 vol4 i41 p4 #aad4 ,b ?is dem&1 9 affirm+ p]sonality ( s high a k9d1 also re-creat$ duty4 ,"u ! national disp5sation ! individual man 0 a s]vant4 ,to a l>ge ext5t he knew n :at 8 ,"l did1 & he rul$ 8 life by ! comm&s he receiv$ )\t und]/&+1 or p]haps c>+ to und]/&1 _! ultimate gr\nd & aim4 ,mu* too ( :at he ?us laid ^u himself 0 m]e anci5t cu/om1 :i* _h be5 a protection to national & moral life 9 e>ly days1 b :i* _h surviv$1 or 0 on ! po9t ( surviv+1 its usefulness4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 t man 0 call$ ^u to love ,god ) all 8 he>t & m9d & s\l1 ! /ep 0 tak5 :i* 0 to end 9 8 becom+ ! consci\sly free son ( ,god4 ,= to love 9 ?is fa%ion means1 on ! "o h&1 a will+ness to ent] into communion ) ,god & to seek t communion2 & on ! o!r x implies a ?r[+ op5 ( ! s\l to receive ! love :i* ,god s p]si/5tly has press$ ^u m54 ,9 su* a relation slav]y1 bl9d or con/ra9$ ob$i5ce1 disappe>s1 & ! motives ( "r action become ! pure/ & mo/ p[]ful t man c "k4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 selfi%ness dies out4 ,^? to :om ,god has giv5 ,himself h no m to seek4 ,!y h rea*$ ! dwell+ ( peace imp]turbable1 & "k t !y are secure4 ,no?+ t !y d c w9 m = !m2 & !y d ^? ?+s t please ,god ) ! free1 uncalculat+1 ungrudg+ =getfulness ( self1 :i* di/+ui%es ^? =tunate *ildr5 :o h gr[n up into a p]fect filial love4 ,( c\rse x 0 only ! elect 9 ,israel :o 9 any great degree realis$ ?is ideal4 ,b ev5 ^? :o neglect$ x _h = a mom5t be5 illum9at$ by x2 & ! record ( x rema9$ to k9dle ! nobl] he>ts ( e g5]ation4 ,ev5 ! legalism ( lat] days c\ld n obscure x4 ,9 ! case ( _m x bore up & transfigur$ ! dry details ( ,judaism1 s t ev5 amid su* surr\nd+s ! s\ls ( m5 7 kept alive4 ,! lat] ,psalms prove ?is beyond dispute1 & ! advanc$ view :i* br+s ! bulk ( ! ,psalt] d[n to ! po/-exilic p]iod only emphasises ! m ?is aspect ( pre-,*ri/ian ,judaism4 ,9 ,*ri/ianity ( c\rse ! ideal 0 made inf9itely m accessible3 & x receiv$ 9 ! ,paul9e doctr9e1 ! ,evangelical doctr9e1 ( ,ju/ification by ,fai? a =m1 :i* m ?an any o!r human tea*+ has made unselfi% devotion to ,god a common aim4 ,x w\ld h>dly be too mu* to say t ^? philosophical & religi\s sy/ems :i* h prea*$ ! unwor?9ess ( look+ = a rew>d ( well-do+1 :i* h /riv5 to set up ! do+ ( good = its own sake z ! only morality wor?y ( ! "n1 h fail$1 j because !y w\ld n beg9 ) ! love ( ,god4 ,to ,*ri/ianity1 especially to ,evangelical ,*ri/ianity1 !y h assum$ to speak f above d[nw>ds2 b x alone has ! secret !y /rove 9 va9 to le>n4 ,m5 ju/ifi$ by fai? h peace ) ,god1 & d good ) passionate f]v\r )\t hope or possibility ( fur!r rew>d1 j because ( _! love & gratitude to ,god1 :o is ! s\rce ( all good4 ,?is plan has succe$$1 & no o!r has2 = to tea* m5 on any o!r t]ms to disreg>d rew>d is simply to ask !m to brea! 9 a vacuum4 ,9 ! second place1 ^? :o rose to ! height ( ?is call+ _h duty n only deep5$ b ext5d$4 ,x 0 natural t !y %\ld n seek to ?r[ (f ! obligations ( wor%ip & morality z !y _h be5 h&$ d[n by _! ance/ors4 ,only an au?oritative voice :i* !y 7 sep>at$ f by c5turies c\ld say1 ,x ha? be5 said by !m ( old "t1 444 b ,i say unto y2 & m5 w\ld be dispos$ r to fulfil old obligations ) new zeal1 :ile !y add$ to !m ! new duties :i* _! wid5$ horizon _h br\ght into view4 ,x is true t 9 c\rse ( "t ! ,ph>isaic _s laid hold ( ! ,jews1 & t by x !y 7 l$ back into a slav]y :i* q surpass$ ! half-consci\s bondage ( _! e>li] "t4 ,x is "o ( ! my/]ies ( human nature t x is only ! few :o c live = any "t at a high level1 & hold ! balance betwe5 extremes4 ,! _m _c *oose b foll[ ^? few2 & ! dumb1 half-reluctant1 half-fasc9at$ way 9 :i* !y are drawn aft] !m is a mo/ pa!tic ?+ to see4 ,b too (t5 !y av5ge !mselves = ! pressure put ^u !m1 by tak+ up ! tea*+ !y receive 9 a p]v]t$ or mutilat$ =m1 dropp+ unaw>es ! v s\l ( x1 & suit+ x to ! av]age man4 ,:5 t is done ! bread f heav5 becomes a /one2 ! message ( lib]ty is turn$ into a summons to ! prison h\se2 & ! d>kness becomes ( t opaque sort :i* is f\nd only :]e ! light )9 m5 is d>kness4 ,t trag$y 0 enact$ 9 ,judaism z r>ely else:]e4 ,! free s]vice ( sons 0 ex*ang$ = ! timor\s1 anxi\s scrupulosity ( ! =mali/4 ,h[ c\ld m5 love a ,god :om !y pictur$ z inexorable 9 claim+ ! m9t & cumm9 ( c]emonial wor%ip1 & z mak+ life a burd5 = all :o _h a consci5ce8 ,!y c\ld n1 & !y did n4 ,mo/ sub/itut$ a m]ely =mal compliance ) ! ext]nalities ( wor%ip = ! love to ,god & man :i* 0 ! presupposition ( ! true ,israelite's life1 & ! mass ( ! nation fell away f true fai?4 ,/rangely en\gh1 !re=e1 ! /r5g? ( m5's love = ,god1 & ( _! belief 9 ,8 love1 gave an impulse to ! legali/ic ,ph>isaism :i* our ,"l d5\nc$ z ! acme ( loveless irreligion4 ,b x 0 n s p]v]t$ 9 all4 ,!re always 0 an ,israel )9 ,israel t refus$ to let g ! tru?s !y _h le>n$1 & kept up ! succession ( m5 inspir$ by ! free _s ( ,god4 ,ev5 among ! ,ph>isees !re 7 su*--witness ,/4 ,paul--m5 :o1 ?\gh !y 7 entangl$ 9 ! =malism ( _! "t1 f\nd x at la/ a p$agogue to br+ !m unto ,*ri/4 ,we mu/ believe !re=e t at ! beg9n+ ! atta9m5t m>k$ by ! dem&s ( ,deut]onomy & ! ,law ( ,hol9ess exi/$ & 0 c>ri$ ov] into ! daily life4 ,z ! national limits ( religion 7 brok5 d[n1 ! ^w neighb\r receiv$ an ev] wid] def9ition 9 ,israel4 ,at fir/ only a man's fell[-tribesman or fell[-c\ntryman 0 includ$2 !n ! /rang]2 lat]1 z 9 ,jonah's picture ( ! conduct ( ! sailors1 x 0 h9t$ t ev5 among ! hea!n bre?r5 might be f\nd4 ,f9ally1 9 our ,"l's p>able ( ! ,good ,sam>itan ! la/ b>ri] 0 brok5 d[n4 ,b x ne$$ all ,/4 ,paul's lifework1 & ! fir/ & mo/ desp]ate inn] conflict ,*ri/ianity _h to live ?r\gh1 to initiate m5 into any?+ l ! full mean+ ( :at ,*ri/ _h taught4 ,!n x 0 se5 t z !re 0 b "o ,fa!r 9 heav51 s !re 0 b "o family on e>?4 ,!n too1 ?\gh ! m]ely c]emonial duties by :i* ! ,jew _h be5 b\nd ceas$ to be b9d+ on ,*ri/ians1 ! sph]e = ! practice ( moral duty 0 imm5sely wid5$4 ,inde$1 _h x n be5 = ! free1 joy\s _s ) :i* !y 7 inspir$ by ,*ri/1 !y mu/ h %runk f ! imm5sity ( _! obligation4 ,= n only 7 m5's neighb\rs inf9itely m num]\s n[1 b _! relations ) !m became va/ly m complicat$4 ,to meet all possible cases t might arise 9 ! great & elaborate civilisations ,*ri/ianity _h to face & save1 our ,"l deep5$ ! mean+ ( ! comm&m5ts2 & s f> f ,*ri/ians be+ free f ! obligation to law1 immeasurably m 0 dem&$ ( !m4 ,to !m fir/ 0 ! full sweep ( moral obligation reveal$1 = !y fir/ _h rea*$ ! full moral /ature ( m5 9 ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,education--,,mosaic ,,view ,,deut4 vi4 #f-be ,^? great v]ses1 ,deut4 vi4 #d1 #e1 =m ! c5tral tru? ( ! book4 ,ev]y?+ else 9 x proce$s f & is in=m$ by !m1 & !y are dwelt ^u & en=c$ ) a cle> p]ception ( _! radical importance4 ,!re is some?+ ( ! joy ( discov]y 9 ! way 9 :i* ! unity ( ,yahweh & exclusive love to ,him are insi/$ ^u1 n only 9 v]ses #f-be ( ?is *apt]1 b 9 xi4 #ac-bj4 ,! same /rongly word$ dem& to lay to he>t ,yahweh's comm& to love ,him & ,him only1 & to tea* x /r5u\sly to _! *ildr5--to make x a sign ^u _! h&1 & z a frontlet betwe5 _! eyes--is f\nd 9 bo? passages4 ,x is wor?y ( rem>k also t ne>ly ! same words are f\nd 9 ,exod4 xiii4 #i1 #af4 ,presumably on acc\nt ( ?is1 "s h ascrib$ t section ( ,exodus to ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy4 ,b bo? ,dillmann & ,driv] ascribe ^! passages to ,j & ,e1 & ) good reason4 ,inde$1 ap>t f ! purely lit]>y gr\nds = ?9k+ t ^! =mulas 7 fir/ us$ by ! e>li] writ]s & 7 copi$ by ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy1 ano!r l9e ( argum5t po9ts 9 ! same direction4 ,9 ,exodus ! ?+ to be rememb]$ & taught to ! *ildr5 0 ! mean+ & orig9 ( ! ,passov] & ! consecration ( ! fir/born1 i4e4 ! mean+ & orig9 ( "s ( _! ritual in/itutions4 ,"h 9 ,deut]onomy1 on ! contr>y1 t :i* is to be writt5 on ! he>t & taught to ! *ildr5 is moral & spiritual tru? ab\t ,god1 & love to ,god4 ,n[ ! probable explanation ( ?is lik5ess & diff]5ce is1 n t ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy1 aft] us+ ?is insi/ive phrase only ( high spiritual tru?s 9 8 own book1 ins]t$ x 9 ,exodus ) reg>d to m]e in/itutions ( ! cultus2 r1 ! writ]s ( ,exodus _h us$ x ( t :i* 0 important 9 _! day1 & ! ,deut]onomi/ borr[$ x f !m to emphasise 8 own mo/ *]i%$ revelation4 ,9 ! e>li] /ages ( a religi\s movem5t1 ! e/abli%m5t ( in/itutions :i* %all embody & p]petuate religi\s tru?1 is "o ( ! fir/ necessities4 ,x has become a commonplace ( ,*ri/ian def5ce1 = example1 t ,baptism & ! ,"l's ,supp] 7 made ! mo/ successful vehicles = convey+ fundam5tal ,*ri/ian tru?1 & t ! celebration ( ^! two rites f ! fir/ days ev5 until n[ is "o ( ! mo/ conv9c+ pro(s ( ! cont9uity ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,naturally1 !re=e1 ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,passov] 0 specially m>k$ out z ! palladium ( ,israelite religion 9 ! e>li] days4 ,b 9 ! "t aft] ,isaiah1 :5 ,deut]onomy 0 writt51 ! in/itutions ne$$ no long] su* insi/5ce4 ,!y _h inde$ become s important to ! p t ! m]e obs]vance ( !m ?reat5$ to become a sub/itute = religi\s & ev5 moral feel+4 ,! ,deut]onomi/'s great message 01 consequ5tly1 a reit]ation ( ! prophetic tru?s z to ! supremacy ( ! spiritual2 & = ! object ( ! w>m exhortation ( ! e>li] writ+s he sub/itut$ ! proclamation ( ,yahweh's on5ess1 & ( ,8 dem& = ,8 p's love4 ,?is seems a reasonable & probable explanation ( ! facts z we f9d !m4 ,if true1 x is a pro( t ! ne$ ( ritual in/itutions1 & ! dang] ( unduly exalt+ !m1 0 n peculi> to po/-exilic times4 ,9 pr9ciple ! temptation 0 always pres5t2 & z liv+ fai? rose & fell x came into op]ation1 or 0 held 9 abeyance1 ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ,israel's hi/ory4 ,h5ce ! m5tion ( ?is k9d ( =malism or ! d5unciation ( x mu/ be v cauti\sly us$ z a crit]ion by :i* to date any ,scriptural writ+s4 ,x is !re=e ) a full consci\sness ( its fundam5tal importance t ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy foll[s ! great passage *apt] vi4 #d1 #e1 ) ?is solemn & inspir+ exhortation4 ,x is f no m]e it* = religi\s improvem5t ( ! occasion t he presses home 8 message ?us4 ,nor is x love = ! m]e repetition ( an anci5t =mula ( exhortation t dictates its use4 ,he knew & und]/ood ! "w ( ,moses1 & felt t ! m\ld+ p[] 9 ,israel's life z a nation1 ! unify+ elem5t 9 x1 _h be5 ! religion ( ,yahweh4 ,:atev] else may h be5 call$ 9 "q1 x has nev] be5 d\bt$ t ! salt :i* kept ! political & social life ( ! p f rott+ ?r\gh _m c5turies 0 ! always advanc+ k ( ,god4 ,at ea* great crisis ( ,israel's hi/ory ! religion ( ,yahweh _h met ! dem&s = direction1 = inspiration1 = uplift+ :i* 7 made ^u x4 ,) ,protean v]satility x _h adapt$ itself to e new condition4 ,9 all circum/ances x _h provid$ a lamp = ! feet & a light = ! pa? ( ! fai?ful2 & 9 meet+ ! ne$s ( g5]ation aft] g5]ation x _h reveal$ elem5ts ( /r5g? & consolation :i*1 )\t ! comm5t>y ( exp]i5ce1 c\ld nev] h be5 br\ght out4 ,n[ ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy felt t 9 ^! %ort s5t5ces ! high-wat] m>k ( ,israelite religion s f> _h be5 rea*$1 & t 9 r5ew+ ! "w ( ,moses1 & adapt+ x to 8 own "t1 ! pr9ciples "h enunciat$ mu/ be ! ma9 burd5 ( 8 message4 ,fur!r progress dep5d$1 he obvi\sly felt1 ^u ! absorption & assimilation ( ^! tru?s by 8 p1 & he felt he mu/ provide = ! p]petuation ( !m 9 t bett] "t he 0 prep>+ =4 ,?is he did by provid+ = ! religi\s education ( ! "y4 ,:atev] else ,israel _h ga9$ x _h be5 c>eful to h& on f g5]ation to g5]ation4 ,! l& fl[+ ) milk & honey 0 /ill 9 ! possession ( ! desc5dants ( ! fir/ conqu]ors4 ,! lit]ature1 ! sci5ce1 ! wisdom t ! fa!rs _h ga!r$1 _h be5 c>efully pass$ d[n to ! *ildr52 & a preci\s deposit ( enri*+ exp]i5ce 9 ! =m ( hi/ory _h rea*$ to ! elect ev5 among ! common p1 z ! example ( ,amos %[s4 ,b ! mo/ valuable h]itage ( ,israel 0 t cont9ually gr[+ deposit ( religi\s tru? :i* _h be5 ! life-blood ( its ma/] spirits4 ,f g5]ation to g5]ation ! noble/ m5 9 ! nation1 ^? mo/ s5sitive to ! t\* ( ! ,div9e1 _h be5 ca/+ s\nd+s into ! great deep ( ! hidd5 purposes ( ,god4 ,) sore travail ( bo? m9d & _s1 !y _h f\nd solutions ( ! great problems :i* no liv+ s\l c escape4 ,^! 7 no d\bt m or less p>tial1 b !y 7 suffici5t = _! day1 & 7 always 9 ! l9e ( ! f9al answ]4 ,z ! sum ( exp]i5ce wid5$1 ! scope ( ! solutions wid5$ also1 & 9 ! c\rse ( ,provid5ce ^! issu$ 9 a conception ( ,god :i* else:]e 0 nev] approa*$4 ,?is ( all national treasures 0 ! mo/ priceless1 & to pres]ve & h& on ?is 0 simply to keep ! national s\l alive4 ,comp>$ ) ?is1 e o!r h]itage f ! pa/ 0 z no?+2 & s1 ) a simple directness :i* mu/ amaze ! legislators ( mod]n /ates1 ! inspir$ lawgiv] arrang$ = a religi\s education4 ,to him1 z to all anci5t lawgiv]s1 a commonweal? )\t religion 0 simply inconceivable1 & ! hamp]+1 confus+1 & confus$ difficulties ( to-day lay f> beyond 8 horizon4 ,p>5ts mu/ take ov] ?is great h]itage & lay x deeply to he>t4 ,!y mu/ !n make x ! subject ( _! common talk4 ,!y mu/ write ! pr(\nd words :i* summ$ x up ^u ! doorpo/s ( _! h\ses4 ,!y mu/ let x fill _! m9ds at _! d[n-sitt+ & _! upris+1 & :ile !y walk$ by ! way4 ,fur!r1 z ! cr[n ( _! "w1 !y 7 to tea* x dilig5tly to _! *ildr51 already accu/om$ by _! p>5ts' cont9ual int]e/ to reg>d ?is z ! wor?ie/ object ( human ?\ght4 ,b ?\gh ! p>5ts 7 to be ! *ief in/ructors ( *ildr5 9 religion1 ! ,/ate or ! community 0 also to d its "p4 ,z ! private citiz5 0 to write1 ,he>1 ,o ,israel3 ,yahweh our ,god is "o ,yahweh2 & ?\ %alt love ,yahweh ?y ,god ) all ?9e he>t1 & ) all ?y s\l1 & ) all ?y might1 on ! po/s ( 8 door1 s ! repres5tatives ( ! community 7 to write !m ^u ! t[n or village gates4 ,9 ^? e>ly days s*ools 7 unkn[n1 z ,/ate-regulat$ s*ools are /ill unkn[n 9 all purely ,ea/]n c\ntries4 ,consequ5tly !re 0 no sph]e = ! ,/ate 9 ! direct religi\s tea*+ ( ! "y4 ,b s f> z x c\ld act1 ! ,/ate 0 to act4 ,x 0 to commit itself to ! religi\s pr9ciples t und]lay ! life ( ! p1 & to proclaim !m ) ! utmo/ publicity4 ,x 0 to secure t none %\ld be ignorant ( !m1 s f> z proclamation by writ+ 9 ! mo/ public place c\ld secure k1 = on ?is ! v exi/5ce ( ! ,/ate dep5d$4 ,b ! religi\s in/ruction 0 n to be limit$ to ! reit]ation ( ^! great s5t5ces2 9 t case !y w\ld h become a m]e =m ( words4 ,9 ! la/ v]ses ( ! *apt]1 vv4 #bj-be1 we f9d a model ( ! k9d ( explanatory comm5t :i* 0 to be giv5 9 addition3 ,:5 ?y son aske? !e 9 "t to come1 say+1 ,:at mean ! te/imonies1 & ! /atutes1 & ! judgm5ts1 :i* ,yahweh our ,god ha? comm&$ y8 !n ?\ %alt say unto ?y son1 ,we 7 ,ph>aoh's bondm5 9 ! l& ( ,egypt2 & ,yahweh br\ght u out ( ,egypt ) a mighty h&1 & s on4 ,t means t ! hi/ory ( ,yahweh's deal+s ) ,8 p 0 to be taught1 to %[ ! reasonabl5ess ( ! ,div9e comm&s1 to exhibit ! love-compell+ "* ( ,god4 ,& ?is 0 entirely 9 accord ) ! ,biblical conception ( ,god4 ,nei!r "h nor else:]e 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t are !re any ab/ract def9itions ( ,8 "*1 ,8 spirituality1 ,8 omnipres5ce1 or ,8 omnipot5ce4 ,nor is !re any:]e any argum5t to prove ,8 exi/5ce4 ,all t is po/ulat$1 presuppos$1 z t :i* all m5 believe1 except ^? :o h wilfully p]v]t$ !mselves4 ,b ! exi/5ce ( ,god ) all ^! great & necess>y attributes is und\bt$ly impli$ 9 :at is n>rat$ ( ,yahweh's deal+s ) ,8 p4 ,z we h se51 too1 ! v "n ( ,yahweh implies t ,8 nature %\ld n be limit$ by any def9ition4 ,he 0 :at ,he w\ld prove ,himself to be1 & ?r\gh\t ! ,old ,te/am5t ! ge/a ,dei ?r\gh & = ! ,israelites1 & ! prophetic promises made 9 ,yahweh's "n1 repres5t$ all t 0 kn[n ( ,god4 ,?is gave a peculi>ly heal?y & robu/ tone to ,old ,te/am5t piety4 ,! subjective1 introspective elem5t :i* 9 mod]n times is s apt to take ! upp] h&1 0 kept 9 due subord9ation by mak+ hi/ory ! ma9 n\ri%m5t ( religi\s ?\ght4 ,9 con/ant contact ) ext]nal fact1 ,israelite piety 0 simple1 s9c]e1 & practical2 & m5's ?\ghts be+ turn$ away f !mselves to ! ,div9e action 9 ! _w1 !y 7 less t\*$ by ! disease ( self-consci\sness ?an mod]n believ]s 9 ,god4 ,9 e sph]e ( human life1 too1 !y look$ = ,god1 & trac$ ! work+ ( ,8 h&4 ,! lat] di/9ction betwe5 ! sacr$ & secul> p>ts ( life1 :i* has be5 (t5 pu%$ to disa/r\s extremes1 0 to !m unkn[n4 ,= ^! among _m o!r reasons1 ! ,old ,te/am5t mu/ always rema9 ( vital importance to ! ,*ur* ( ,god4 ,x c fall into neglect only :5 ! religi\s life is becom+ unheal?y & "o-sid$4 ,fur!r1 its qualities especially fit x = use 9 ! education ( *ildr54 ,9 _m respects a *ild's m9d resembles ! m9d ( a primitive p4 ,x has ! same love ( concrete examples1 ! same incapacity to appreciate ab/ract ideas1 & x has ! same susceptibility to su* reason+ z ?is3 ,god has be5 v lov+ & graci\s to m51 especially to our =efa!rs1 & we are !re=e b\nd to love ,him & to obey ,him ) rev]5ce & fe>4 ,to ! *ildr5 ( a primitive p su* tea*+ w\ld !re=e be d\bly suitable2 b ! ,deut]onomi/'s anxiety 9 reg>d to x has be5 ju/ifi$ by its results 9 times no long] primitive4 ,?r\gh ages ( p]secution & oppression1 (t5 amid a social environm5t ( ! wor/ sort1 !re has be5 little or no wav]+ 9 ! fundam5tal po9ts ( ,jewi% fai?4 ,scatt]$ & peel$1 slaught]$ & decimat$1 z !y h be5 ?r\gh blood-/a9$ c5turies1 ?is nation h held fa/ to _! religion4 ,n ev5 ! fact t1 ?r\gh _! refusal to accept _! ,messiah :5 ,he came1 ! mo/ t5d]1 ! mo/ expansive1 ! mo/ highly spiritual elem5ts ( ! ,old ,te/am5t religion h escap$ !m1 has be5 able to neutralise ! b5efit ( ! tru? !y h s t5aci\sly held4 ,( non-,*ri/ian nations !y /& by f> ! highe/2 & among ! or?odox ,jews :o /ill keep firm to ! national traditions1 & tea* ! anci5t ,scriptures dilig5tly to _! *ildr51 !re is (t5 se5 a piety & a confid5ce 9 ,god1 a submission & a hopefulness :i* put to %ame _m :o pr(ess to h hope 9 ,*ri/4 ,ev5 9 our day1 :5 agno/icism & d5ial ( ! sup]natural is eat+ into ,judaism m ?an into almo/ any o!r cre$1#ej a book l ,fri$lnd]'s ,! ,jewi% ,religion gives u a v fav\rable idea ( ! _s & tea*+s ( or?odox ,judaism4 ,& its ma9 /ay is1 & always has be51 ! religi\s tra9+ ( ! "y4 ,9 ob$i5ce to ! precept ',?\ %alt speak ( !m1' i4e4 ( '! words :i* ,i comm& !e ?is day1'says ,fri$lnd]1 ':5 ?\ lie/ d[n & :5 ?\ rise/ up1' ?ree sections ( ! law are read daily1 9 ! morn+ & 9 ! ev5+1 viz4 7#a7 ,deut4 vi4 #d-i1 beg9n+ ',he>'2 7#b7 ,deut4 xi4 #ac-ba1 beg9n+ ',& x %all be if ye dilig5tly he>k5'2 7#c7 ,numb4 xv4 #cg-da1 beg9n+ ',& ! ,"l said4' ,! fir/ section tea*es ! unity ( ,god1 & our duty to love ?is "o ,god ) all our he>t1 to make ,8 ^w ! subject ( our con/ant m$itation & to in/il x into ! he>t ( ! "y4 ,! second section conta9s ! lesson ( rew>d & puni%m5t1 t our success dep5ds on our ob$i5ce to ! w ( ,god4 ,?is important tru? mu/ con/antly be kept be=e our eyes1 & be=e ! eyes ( our *ildr54 ,! ?ird section conta9s ! comm&m5ts ( ,tsitsi?1 ! object ( :i* is to rem9d u ( ,god's precepts4 ,to-day1 !re=e1 z s _m c5turies ago1 ^! great words are utt]$ daily 9 ! e>s ( all pi\s ,jews1 & !y are z pot5t to keep !m /eady to _! fai? n[ z !y 7 !n4 ,= 9 mo/ cases :]e a drift t[>ds ! fa%ionable agno/icism ( ! day or to a!i/ic mat]ialism is obs]vable among ,jews1 x w be f\nd to h be5 prec$$ ei!r by neglect or =malism 9 reg>d to ?is fundam5tal matt]4 ,briefly1 )\t ?is tea*+ !y cease to be ,jews2 ) x !y rema9 /eadfa/ z a rock4 ,uproot$ z !y are f _! c\ntry1 _! national coh]5ce endures & seems likely to endure till _! set "t has come4 ,s triumphantly has ! en=cem5t ( religi\s education v9dicat$ itself 9 ! case ( ,god's anci5t p4 #ej ,jewi% ,qu>t]ly ,review1 ,octob] #ahhh1 p4 #ee1 :]e ,pr(essor ,s*e*t] f9ds himself compell$ to discuss ! "q :e!r a man may be a good ,jew & yet d5y ! exi/5ce ( ,god4 ,9 ! rema9+ v]ses ( ! *apt]1 vv4 #aj-ai1 we h a w>n+ aga9/ neglect & =getfulness ( _! ,god1 & an indication ( ! circum/ances "u :i* x w\ld be mo/ difficult to rema9 true to ,him4 ,^! are utt]$ entirely f ! ,mosaic /&po9t1 & are among ! passages :i* x is mo/ difficult to reconcile ) ! lat] au?or%ip2 = !re w\ld appe> to be no motive = ! lat] writ] to g back ^u ! exceptional circum/ances ( ! e>ly days 9 ,canaan4 ,8 object mu/ h be5 to w>n & guide & in/ruct ! p ( 8 "t 9 ! face ( _! difficulties & temptations1 to adapt ,mosaic legislation & ,mosaic tea*+ to ! ne$s ( 8 own day4 ,n[ on any supposition he mu/ h writt5 :5 all conque/ on ,israel's "p _h long ceas$4 ,x is mo/ probable too t 9 8 day ! prosp]ity ( 8 p 0 on ! wane4 ,!y 7 n look+ =w>d to a "t ( special temptation f ri*es2 r !y 7 dread+ expatriation & decay4 ,consequ5tly ?is ref]5ce to ! ease ) :i* !y became ri* by occupy+ ! cities & villages & f>ms ( ^? !y _h conqu]$ is q out ( place1 unless we are to reg>d ! au?or z a skill$ & arti/ic writ] :o delib]ately set himself to reproduce 9 all respects ! m9d & ?\ghts ( a man ( an e>li] day1 z ,?ack]ay1 = in/ance1 does 9 8 ,h5ry ,esmond4 ,b t is n cr$ible2 & ! explanation is t giv5 9 ,*apt] ,i41 t ! addresses "h attribut$ to ,moses are free reproductions ( e>li] traditions or n>ratives conc]n+ :at ,moses actually said4 ,if we "k any?+ ab\t ,moses at all1 x is 9 ! highe/ degree probable t he left 8 p "s p>t+ *>ge4 ,he long$ to pass ! ,jordan ) !m4 ,he c\ld n fail to see t an imm5se revolution 9 _! habits & mann] ( life 0 c]ta9 to occur :5 !y ent]$ ! promis$ l&4 ,t mu/ h appe>$ to him fraught ) v>i$ dang]s1 & words ( w>n+ & in/ructions w\ld ru% ev5 unbidd5 to 8 lips4 ,!re c be no d\bt1 at any rate1 t ?is passage is true to human nature 9 reg>d+ ! sudd5 acquirem5t ( great & goodly cities :i* !y did n build1 & h\ses full ( good ?+s :i* !y fill$ n1 & ci/]ns hewn out :i* !y did n hew1 v9ey>ds & olive trees :i* !y did n plant1 z a great temptation to =getfulness ( ,god4 ,at all times prosp]ity1 especially if x come sudd5ly1 & )\t be+ won by previ\s toil & self-d5ial1 has t5d$ to det]iorate "*4 ,:5 m5 h no *anges or vicissitudes1 !n !y fe> n ,god4 ,x is = help 9 tr\ble :5 ! help ( man is va91 or = a deliv]ance 9 dang]1 t av]age m5 mo/ readily turn to ,god4 ,b :5 !y feel fairly safe1 :5 !y h rais$ !mselves1 z !y ?9k1 beyond all /orms ( *ance1 :5 !y h built up betwe5 !mselves & pov]ty or failure a wall ( weal? & p[]1 !n ! impulse t drives !m upw>d ceases to act4 ,x becomes /rangely pleasant1 & x seems safe1 to get rid ( ! /ra9 ( liv+ at ! highe/ atta9able level1 & ) a sigh ( relief m5 /ret* !mselves out to re/ & to enjoy4 ,^! are ! av]age m52 b !re are "s 9 e age1 ! elect1 :o h _h ! love ( ,god %$ abroad 9 _! he>ts1 :o h _h su* real & intimate communion ) ,god t sep>ation f ,him w\ld turn all o!r joys into mock]y4 ,!y _c yield to ?is temptation z mo/ d1 & 9 ! mid/ ( weal? & com=t keep alive _! aspirations4 ,9 ,israel ^! two classes exi/$2 & to ! =m]1 i4e4 to ! great bulk ( bo? rul]s & p1 ! /imulus adm9i/]$ by ! conque/ to ! mat]ial side ( _! nature mu/ h be5 pot5t inde$4 ,x is "h impli$ t ! ,israelite p :5 !y ent]$ ,canaan _h "s moral education to lose4 ,:e!r t c\ld be s is ! "q ask$ by _m critics1 & _! answ] is an emphatic ,no4 ,!y 71 say !y1 a rude1 des]t p1 )\t settl$ habits ( life1 )\t k ( agriculture1 & possess$ ( a religion :i* 9 all outw>d respects 0 sc>cely1 if at all1 high] ?an t ( ! surr\nd+ nations4 ,:at happ5$ to !m 9 ,canaan1 !re=e1 0 n a lapse1 b a rise4 ,!y advanc$ f be+ a w&]+ pa/oral p to become settl$ agriculturi/s4 ,!y ga9$ k ( ! arts ( life by _! contact ) ! ,canaanites1 & !y lo/ little or no?+ 9 religion2 = !y 7 !mselves only image-wor%ipp]s & look$ ^u ,yahweh z on a level ) ! ,canaanite ,baals4 ,b if ! ,decalogue belongs1 9 any =m1 to t e>ly "t1 & if ! "* ( ,moses be 9 any degree hi/orical1 !n1 ( c\rse1 ?is mode ( view is false4 ,!n ,israel wor%ipp$ a spiritual ,god1 :o 0 ! gu>dian ( morals2 & !re 0 9 ! m9d ( _! lead] & legislator a light :i* illum9at$ e sph]e ( life1 bo? private & national4 ,consequ5tly !re c\ld be a fall+ away f a high] level ( religi\s life1 z ! ,scriptures consi/5tly say !re 04 ,)\t p]haps hav+ und]/ood & made _! own ! fundam5tal tru?s ( ,yahwism1 ! p _h _h _! :ole social & political life remodell$ 9 accordance ) its pr9ciples4 ,!y _h1 moreov]1 _h "t to le>n some?+ ( its inn] mean+1 & 9 =ty ye>s we may well believe t ! m spiritually m9d$ among !m _h become imbu$ ) ! high] religi\s _s4 ,add to t ! union1 ! movem5t1 ! excitem5t ( a successful advance1 cr[n$ by conque/1 & we h all ! elem5ts ( a reviv$ religi\s & national life among ,ea/]n p4 ,simil> causes h produc$ precisely simil> effects s9ce4 ,9 important respects ! orig9 ( ,mohamm$anism repeats ! same /ory4 ,a semi-nomadic p1 divid$ into clans & tribes1 relat$ by blood b nev] unit$1 7 unifi$ by a great religi\s idea va/ly 9 advance ( any !y _h hi!rto kn[n4 ,! religi\s re=m] :o proclaim$ ?is tru?1 & ^? :o belong$ to ! inn] circle ( 8 fri5ds & c\nsellors1 7 turn$ f _m evils1 & exhibit$ a moral =ce & en?usiasm correspond+1 9 "s degree at lea/1 to ! sublimity ( ! religi\s doctr9e !y _h embrac$4 ,! masses1 on _! "p1 receiv$ & submitt$ to a revis$ & improv$ s*eme ( social life4 ,!n !y mov$ =w>d to conque/1 & 9 _! fir/ days n only trampl$ d[n opposition1 b des]v$ to d s1 = 9 mo/ respects !y 7 sup]ior to ! ignorant & degrad$ ,*ri/ians !y ov]?rew4 ,!y came out ( ! des]t1 & 7 at fir/ soldi]s only4 ,b 9 a g5]ation or two !y l>gely settl$ to purely agricultural life1 z l&[n]s = :om ! native population lab\r$2 & !y ga9$ 9 k ( ! arts ( life f ! m civilis$ peoples !y conqu]$4 ,b 9 religi\s & moral "* imitations ( ! conqu]$ peoples involv$1 = ! conqu]ors1 a loss4 ,& soon !y did lose4 ,! viol5ce accompany+ successful w> produc$ arrogance & inju/ice2 ! imm5se weal? ?r[n into _! h&s s sudd5ly gave rise to luxury & gre$4 ,)9 tw5ty-five ye>s f ! flight ( ,mohamm$ f ,mecca1 relaxation ( mann]s manife/$ itself4 ,s5suality & drunk5ness 7 rife2 ) ,ali's dea? ! ,caliphate pass$ into ! h&s ( ,muawia1 ! lead] ( ! /ill half-hea!n "p ( ! ,korei%2 & ! secul> indiff]5t portion ( ,mohamm$'s foll[]s rul$ 9 ,islam4#ea #ea ,= an illu/ration ( ! way 9 :i* l&-hung] & ! ru% to satisfy x op]ates on m51 see ! acc\nt ( ,! ,invasion ( ,oklahoma 7a t]ritory lately ?r[n op5 to occupation 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates71 ,spectator1 ,april #bg?1 #ahhi4 ,all[+ all t c be all[$ = exceptional influ5ces 9 ,israel1 we may well believe t ! circum/ances ( ! fir/ invad]s 7 su* z w\ld /ra9 ! influ5ce ( ! high] religion ^u ! nation4 ,& aft] ! conque/ & settlem5t ! /ra9 w\ld necess>ily be great] /ill4 ,:atev] drawbacks w>f>e may h1 x at lea/ keeps m5 active & h>dy1 b ! re/ ( a conqu]or aft] w>f>e is a temptation to luxury & corruption :i* has be5 v r>ely resi/$4 ,ev5 to-day1 :5 m5 ent] ^u new & vacant l&s1 & t )\t w> & "u ,*ri/ian influ5ces1 ! pl5ty :i* ! fir/ immigrants soon ga!r ab\t !m proves adv]se to high] ?\ght4 ,9 ,am]ica 9 its e>li] days1 & 9 new ,am]ican t]ritories & ,au/ralia n[1 our civilisation at t /age always takes a mat]iali/ic turn4 ,e man may hope to become ri*1 ! res\rces ( ! c\ntry are s great & ^? :o are to %>e !m are s few4 ,9 ord] to develop !m1 all conc]n$ mu/ give _! "t & ?\ghts to ! "w1 & mu/ become absorb$ 9 x4 ,! result is t1 ?\gh ! religi\s in/9ct ass]ts itself 9 suffici5t /r5g? to lead to ! build+ ( *ur*es & s*ools1 & m5 are too busy to be mu* influ5c$ by !oretical unbelief1 yet ! pulse ( religion beats feebly & l[4 ,! feel+ spreads1 "u _m disguises x is true1 b /ill x spreads1 t a man's life does consi/ 9 ! abundance ( ! ?+s :i* he possesse?2 & ! h]oic elem5t ( ,*ri/ianity1 ! impulse to self-sacrifice1 falls into ! backgr\nd4 ,! result is a social life respectable en\gh1 save t ! social blots due to self-indulg5ce are a good deal m conspicu\s ?an !y %\ld be2 a v high av]age ( g5]al com=t1 ) its necess>y drawback ( a self-satisfi$ & some:at ignoble cont5tm5t2 & a religi\s life t prides itself ma9ly 9 avoid+ ! falsehood ( extremes4 ,9 su* an atmosph]e true & liv+ religion has great difficulty 9 ass]t+ itself4 ,ea* individual is drawn away f ! region ( high] ?\ght m p[]fully ?an 9 ! old] l&s :]e ambitions are = mo/ m5 less plausible2 & s ! /ruggle to keep ! s\l s5sitive to spiritual influ5ces is m h>d4 ,z = ! national life1 public affairs 9 ^? circum/ances t5d to be rul$ simply by ! /&>d ( imm$iate exp$i5cy1 & /r5u\sness ( pr9ciple or practice t5ds to be reg>d$ z an impossible ideal4 ,to all ?is ,israel 0 expos$1 & to m4 ,!re are d\bts z to ! ext5t ( _! conque/s :5 !y settl$ d[n2 b !re are none t :5 !y did s !y /ill _h hea!n ,canaanites among !m4 ,?r\gh\t almo/ ! :ole c\ntry ! population 0 mix$1 & con/ant int]c\rse ) ! conqu]$ peoples 0 unavoidable4 ,at fir/ ^! 7 ei!r ,israel's tea*]s 9 _m ( ! arts ( settl$ life1 or !y mu/ h c>ri$ on ! "w ( agriculture = _! ,israelite lords4 ,moreov] _m ( ! sacr$ places ( ! l&1 ! sanctu>ies :i* f "t immemorial _h be5 resort$ to = wor%ip1 7 ei!r tak5 ov] by ! ,israelites or 7 left 9 ,canaanite h&s4 ,9 ei!r case !y op5$ a way = malign influ5ces ^u ! pur] fai?4 ,gradually1 too1 ! tribal feel+ ass]t$ itself4 ,! tribal heads rega9$ ! position !y _h held be=e ! dom9ation ( ,moses & 8 successor1 j z ! tribal heads ( ! ,arabs ass]t$ !mselves aft] ! dea? ( ,mohamm$ & 8 imm$iate successors1 & plung$ into fratricidal w> ) ! companions ( _! prophet4 ,! only diff]5ce 0 t1 :ile ! circum/ances ( ! ,arabs compell$ !m to reta9 a supreme head1 ! circum/ances ( ! ,israelites p]mitt$ !m to fall back into ! tribal isolation f :i* !y _h em]g$4 ,! national life 0 brok5 up1 ! religi\s life foll[$ 9 ! same pa?1 until1 z ! ,book ( ,judges graphically says 9 n>rat+ h[ ,micah set up an ,ephod & ,t]aphim = himself & made 8 son a prie/1 e man did t :i* 0 "r 9 8 own eyes4 ,) a p s rec5tly won = a high] fai?1 !re c\ld n b foll[ a recrudesc5ce ( hea!n or semi-hea!n beliefs & practices4 ,to sum up1 giv5 a great tru? reveal$ to "o man1 :i*1 ?\gh accept$ by a nation1 is only half und]/ood by ! bulk ( !m1 & giv5 also a great national deliv]ance & expansion br\ght ab\t by ! same lead]1 y h !re ! elem5ts ( a great en?usiasm ) ! se$s ( its own decay )9 x4 ,su* a nation1 especially if pli$ ) ext]nal temptation1 w fall back1 n into its fir/ /ate c]ta9ly1 b into a condition mu* bel[ its highe/ level1 s soon z ! lead] & ^? :o _h really compreh5d$ ! new tru? are remov$ to a di/ance or are dead4 ,9 ! case ( ,mohamm$anism ?is 0 in/9ctively felt4 ,we f9d ! ,gov]nor ( ,bassorah writ+ ?us to ,om>1 ! ?ird ,khalif3 ,?\ mu/ /r5g!n my h&s ) a company ( ! ,companions ( ! ,prophet1 = v]ily !y are z salt 9 ! mid/ ( ! p4#eb ,! same ?+ is expressly ass]t$ ( ,israel also by ! lat] editor 9 ,jo%4 xxiv4 #ca3 ,& ,israel s]v$ ! ,"l all ! days ( ,jo%ua1 & all ! days ( ! eld]s t outliv$ ,jo%ua1 & _h kn[n all ! "w ( ! ,"l1 t ,he _h wr\ght = ,israel4 ,x w\ld almo/ seem z if ,semitic peoples 7 specially liable to su* oscillations1 if ,palgrave's acc\nt ( ! p ( ,nej$ be=e ! rise ( ! ,wahabbis 9 ! middle ( la/ c5tury c be tru/$4 ,almo/ e trace ( ,islam1 he says1#ec _h long s9ce vani%$ f ,nej$1 :]e ! wor%ip ( ! ,djann1 "u ! spread+ foliage ( l>ge trees1 or 9 ! cav]n\s recesses ( ,djebel ,t[eyk1 along ) ! invocation ( ! dead & sacrifices at _! tombs1 0 bl5d$ ) remnants ( old ,saban sup]/ition4 ,! ,coran 0 unread1 ! five daily pray]s =gott51 & no "o c>$ :]e ,mecca lay1 ea/ or we/1 nor? or s\?2 ti!s1 ablutions1 & pilgrimages 7 ?+s unhe>d (4#ed ,if t 0 ! /ate ( ?+s 9 a c\ntry expos$ to no extrane\s influ5ces aft] a ?\s& ye>s ( ,islam1 we may well believe t ! /ate ( ,israel 9 ! "t ( ! ,judges 0 a fall f a bett] /ate religi\sly z well z politically4 ,look+ to ! future1 ,moses might well =esee ! dang]2 & look+ back ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy w\ld h reasons1 _m ( !m n[ unkn[n1 = kn[+ t :at 0 fe>$ _h occurr$4 #eb ,! ,caliphate1 by ,sir ,william ,muir1 p4 #ahe4 #ec ,c5tral & ,ea/]n ,arabia1 vol4 i41 p4 #cgc4 #ed ,?is %[s h[ prec>i\s ! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( mu* new criticism is4 ,! non-obs]vance ( rites laid d[n z ,div9e comm&s1 & ! appe>ance ( anci5t sup]/itions su* z ! wor%ip ( ! dead at any p]iod1 are held suffici5t 9 ! hi/ory ( ,israel to prove t mono!ism did n !n exi/1 & t ance/or-wor%ip 0 !n ! prevail+ cult4 ,if appli$ to ,islam t pr9ciple w\ld lead to utt]ly false conclusions4 ,is !re any reason = ?9k+ t x may n give simil> results :5 appli$ to ! hi/ory ( ,israel8 ,x is /rik+ to see t bo? "k b "o security aga9/ su* lapses 9 ! life ( a nation1 & t is education4 ,n[adays we are incl9$ to ask if ?is 0 n a delusion on _! "p4 ,! b\ndless fai? 9 education z a moral1 religi\s1 & national re/orative :i* fill$ m5's m9ds 9 ! e>ly "p ( ?is c5tury1 has giv5 place to disquiet+ que/ions z to :e!r x c d any?+ s high4 ,_m beg9 to d\bt :e!r x does m ?an re/ra9 m5 f ! wor/ crimes1 by po9t+ out _! consequ5ces4 ,& 9 ! case ( ord9>y secul> education t d\bt is only too well f\nd$4 ,b x 0 n m]e secul> education ! ,old ,te/am5t reli$ on4 ,read+1 writ+1 & ari?metic1 valuable z ^! are z gateways to k1 7 n 9 its view at all4 ,:at x 0 felt necess>y to d 0 to keep alive an ideal view ( life2 & t 0 done by p\r+ into ! "y ! hi/ory ( _! p1 ) ! be/ t _! highe/ m9ds _h le>n$ & ?\ght ( ,god4 ,! dem& is t p>5ts %all fir/ ( all give !mselves up to ! love ( ,god1 )\t any res]ve1 & !n t !y %all tea* ?is dilig5tly to _! *ildr5 z ! sub/ance ( ! ,div9e dem& ^u !m4 ,evid5tly by ! words1 ,?\ %alt talk ( !m :5 ?\ sitte/ 9 ?9e h\se1 & :5 ?\ walke/ by ! way1 & :5 ?\ lie/ d[n & :5 ?\ rise/ up1 x is meant t ! tru? ab\t ,god & ! ?\ght ( ,god %\ld be a subject on :i* conv]sation naturally turn$1 & to :i* x gladly return$ cont9ually4 ,words ab\t ^! ?+s 7 to fl[ f a g5u9e delight$ int]e/ 9 !m1 :i* made spee* a necessity & a joy4 ,fur!r1 p>5ts 7 to meet ! nave & que/ion+ curiosity ( _! *ildr5 z to ! mean+ ( religi\s & moral ord9ances ( _! p1 ) grave & ext5d$ tea*+ z to ! "w ( ,god among !m 9 ! pa/4 ,!y 7 to po9t out1 vv4 #ba-be1 all ! grace ( ,god1 & to %[ !m t ! /atutes1 :i* to "y & undiscipl9$ m9ds might seem a heavy burd51 7 really ,god's cr[n+ m]cy3 !y m>k$ out ! l9es ^u :i* alone good c\ld come to man3 !y 7 ! directions ( a lov+ guide anxi\s to keep _! feet f pa?s ( de/ruction1 = _! good always4 ,su* education z ?is might prove adequate to ov]come ev5 /rong] temptations ?an ^? to :i* ,israel 0 expos$4 ,= see :at x means4 ,x means t all ! g>n]$ religi\s ?\ght & emotion ( pa/ g5]ations1 :i* ! exp]i5ces ( life & ! felt pres5ce ( ,god 9 !m _h borne 9 ^u ! deepe/ m9ds ( ,israel1 0 to be made ! b\nd+ horizon = ! op5+ m9d ( e ,israelite *ild4 ,:5 ! *ild look$ beyond ! desires ( its physical nature1 x 0 to see ?is great sight1 ?is panorama ( ! grace ( ,yahweh4 ,to comp5sate = ! re/rictions :i* ! ,decalogue puts ^u ! natural impulses1 ,yahweh 0 to be held up to e *ild z an object ( love1 no desire aft] :i* c\ld be excessive4 ,love to ,yahweh1 drawn out by :at ,he _h %[n ,himself to be1 0 to turn ! en]gies ( ! "y s\l outw>d1 away f self1 & direct !m to ,god1 :o works & is ! sum ( all good4 ,obvi\sly ^? ^u :om su* education _h its p]fect "w w\ld nev] be fett]$ by ! mat]ial aspects ( ?+s4 ,_! horizon c\ld nev] be s d>k5$ t ! twilight gods wor%ipp$ by ! ,canaanites %\ld seem to !m m ?an dim & vani%+ %ad[s4 ,e evil1 incid5t to _! circum/ances z conqu]ors1 w\ld fall innocu\s at _! feet4 ,! in/rum5t put into ! h&s ( ,israel 01 view$ ideally1 q adequate = ! "w x _h to d4 ,b ! hi/ory ( ,israel %[s t ! ef=t to keep ,yahweh cont9ually pres5t to ! m9d ( ! p fail$2 & ! "q arises1 :y did x fail8 ,if1 z we h e reason to believe1 ! ma9 t5d5cies ( human nature !n 7 :at !y are n[1 ! fir/ cause ( failure w\ld be ) ! p>5ts4 ,_m1 probably ! mo/ ( !m1 w\ld obs]ve to d all t ,moses comm&$1 b !y w\ld d x )\t !mselves keep+ alive _! spiritual life4 ,:]ev] t 0 ! case1 ?\gh ! pray]s %\ld be scrupul\sly rehe>s$1 ?\gh ! religi\s talk %\ld be increas+1 ?\gh ! in/ruction ab\t ! pa/ %\ld be exact & regul>1 ! highe/ results ( x all w\ld cease to appe>4 ,! be/ t w\ld be done w\ld be to keep alive k ( :at ! fa!rs _h told !m4 ,! wor/ w\ld be to r5d] ! *ild's m9d s famili> ) all aspects ( ! tru?1 & ) all ! phases ( religi\s emotion1 t ?r\gh\t life ?is w\ld always seem a region already explor$1 & 9 :i* no wat] = ! ?ir/y s\l _h be5 f\nd4 ,b 9 ! *ildr51 too1 !re w\ld be fatal h9drances4 ,"o w\ld almo/ expect1 a priori1 t :5 "o g5]ation _h won 9 trial & h>d%ip & conque/ a fund ( moral & spiritual wisdom1 _! *ildr5 w\ld be able to take x to !mselves1 & w\ld />t f ! po9t _! fa!rs _h atta9$4 ,b 9 exp]i5ce t is n f\nd to be s4 ,! fa!rs may h ga9$ a sane & /rong manhood ?r\gh ! tra9+ & tea*+ ( ,div9e ,provid5ce1 b _! *ildr5 d n />t f ! level _! fa!rs h ga9$4 ,!y beg9 ) ! same passions1 & evil t5d5cies1 & illusions1 z _! fa!rs began )1 & aga9/ ^! !y h to wage cont9ual w>4 ,above all1 ea* s\l = itself mu/ take ! great /ep by :i* x turns f evil to good4 ,no rise 9 ! g5]al level ( life w ev] enable m5 to disp5se ) t4 ,! w mu/ det]m9e itself morally by a free *oice1 & ! ,div9e grace mu/ play its "p1 be=e t union ) ,god :i* is ! he>t ( all religion c be br\ght ab\t4 ,no me*anical keep+ up ( good habits or fair] =ms ( social life c d mu* at ?is crucial po9t2 & s ea* g5]ation f9ds t !re is no dis*>ge 9 ! w> to :i* x is committ$4 ,z 9 all w>s1 _m fall2 sometimes ! battle goes sorely aga9/ ! k+dom ( ,god1 & ! majority fall4 ,! /r5g? & beauty ( a :ole g5]ation turns to ! _w & away f ,god1 & ! lab\rs & pray]s ( fai?ful m5 & wom5 :o h taught !m seem to be 9 va94 ,! me?od ( w>d+ (f evil by ev5 high religi\s education is consequ5tly v imp]fect & unc]ta9 9 its action4 ,nev]!less ?is relative unc]ta9ty is b\nd up ) ! v nature ( moral influ5ce & moral ag5cy4 ,pr(essor ,huxley1 9 a fam\s passage ( "o ( 8 addresses1 says t if any be+ w\ld (f] to w9d him up l a clock1 s t he %\ld always d :at is "r1 & ?9k :at is true1 he w\ld close ) ! (f]1 & make no m\rn+ ab\t 8 moral fre$om4 ,probably ?is 0 only a vehem5t way ( express+ a desire = righte\sness 9 de$1 & tru? 9 ?\ght1 some:at pa!tic 9 su* a man4 ,b if we are to take x lit]ally1 x is a s+ul>ly unwise decl>ation4 ,! long+ :i* gives pa?os to ! pr(essor's words w\ld on 8 hypo!sis be a lunacy2 = 9 ! realm ( morals me*anical compulsion has no mean+4 ,ev5 ,god mu/ give room to ,8 creature1 t he may ex]cise ! spiritual fre$om ) :i* he is end[$4 ,ev5 ,god1 we may say )\t irrev]5ce1 mu/ sometimes fail 9 t :i* ,he seeks to accompli%1 9 ! field ( moral life4 ,philosophically speak+1 p]haps1 ?is /atem5t _c be def5d$4 ,b x is n ! ,absolute ( ,philosophy :i* c t\* ! he>ts & draw ! love ( m54 ,x is ! liv+1 p]sonal ,god1 ( :om we ga9 our be/ work+ conception by boldly transf]r+ to ,him ! highe/ categories pr$icable ( our humanity4 ,he is1 d\btless1 mu* m ?an we2 b we c only ascribe to ,him our own be/ & highe/4 ,:5 we h done t we h approa*$ ,him z ne> z we c ev] d4 ,! ,scriptural writ]s1 !re=e1 h no p$antic scruples 9 _! spee* ab\t ,god4 ,!y con/antly repres5t ,him z plead+ ) m51 desir+ to influ5ce !m1 & yet sometimes z be+ driv5 back defeat$ by ! ob/9ate s9 ( man4 ,! ,bible is full ( ! failures ( ,god 9 ?is s5se2 & ,god's greate/ failure1 t :i* =ms ! burd5 & inspires ! pa?os ( ! bulk ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 is ,8 failure ) ,8 *os5 p4 ,!y w\ld n be sav$1 !y w\ld n be fai?ful2 & ,god _h to accompli% ,8 "w ( plant+ ! true & spiritual religion 9 ! _w by means ( a m]e remnant ( fai?ful m5 *os5 f a fai?less multitude4 ,b ?\gh ?is plan fail$ mis]ably 9 "o way1 9 ! way ( ga9+ ! bulk ( ! p1 x succe$$ 9 ano!r4 ,z has j be5 said1 ! purpose ( ,god 0 9 any case accompli%$4 ,b ev5 ap>t f t1 ! religi\s education t 0 giv5 0 ( imm5se importance4 ,x rais$ ! level ( life = all2 l ! ,nile mud 9 ! inundation1 x f]tilis$ ! :ole field ( ?is p's life4 ,x kept an ideal1 too1 be=e m51 )\t :i* !y w\ld h fall5 ev5 l[] ?an !y did4 ,& x lay 9 ! m9ds ( ev5 ! wor/1 ready to be *ang$ into some?+ high]2 = )\t previ\s intellectual acqua9tance ) ! facts1 ! deep] k 0 impossible4 ,moreov] ! ord9>y civil morality ( ! p re/$ ^u x4 ,)\t _! religion & ! facts on :i* x 0 bas$1 ! moral code _h no hold ^u !m1 & c\ld h none4 ,t _h gr[n up 9 "o complex tangle ) religion2 x _h receiv$ its highe/ inspiration f ! conception ( ,god h&$ d[n f ! fa!rs2 & ap>t f t x w\ld h fall5 into an incoh]5t mass ( cu/oms unable to ju/ify or acc\nt = _! exi/5ce4 ,9 e community ! same pr9ciple holds4 ,h5ce :atev] ! !ory ( ! relation ( ! ,/ate to religion :i* may prevail1 no ,/ate c1 )\t mu* h>m1 ignore ! religion ( ! p4 ,x may sometimes ev5 be wise & "r = a gov]nm5t to introduce or to enc\rage a high] religion at ! exp5se ( a l[]4 ,b x c nev] be ei!r wise or "r to be inadv]t5t ( religion altoge!r4 ,9 accordance ) ?is precept1 ! rul]s ( ,israel nev] 7 s4 ,!y n only enc\rag$ p>5ts to be /r5u\s1 z ?is passage dem&s ( !m1 b on m ?an "o occasion !y made def9ite provision = ! religi\s in/ruction ( ! p4 ,9 a =mal s5se t grew into a habit :i* ev5 yet has n lo/ its hold2 & h5ce1 z we h se51 ! ,jews h be5 kept true 9 an unexampl$ mann] to _! racial & religi\s *>act]i/ics4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,ban ,,deut4 vii4 ,z 9 ! previ\s *apt] we h _h ! ,mosaic & ,deut]onomic /atem5t ( ! int]nal & spiritual means ( def5d+ ! ,israelite "* & fai? f ! temptations :i* ! conque/ 9 ,canaan w\ld br+ ) x1 9 ?is we h /r5u\s provision made aga9/ ! same evil by ext]nal means4 ,! m9d fir/ 0 to be =tifi$ aga9/ ! temptation to fall away2 !n ! ext]nal pressure f ! example ( ! peoples !y 7 to conqu] 0 to be m9imis$ by ! practice ( ! ban4 ,! fir/ five v]ses1 & ! la/ two deal emphatically ) t1 z also does v]4 #af1 & :at lies betwe5 is a /atem5t ( ! gr\nds ^u :i* a /rict execution ( ?is dreadful measure 0 dem&$4 ,^!1 z is usual 9 ,deut]onomy1 are dealt ) some:at discursively2 b ! comm& z to ! ban1 com+ z x does at ! beg9n+1 middle1 & end1 gives ?is *apt] unity1 & sugge/s t x %\ld be treat$ "u ?is head z a :ole4 ,!re are besides o!r passages :i* c mo/ conv5i5tly be discuss$ 9 connection ) *apt] vii4 ,^! are ! hi/oric /atem5ts z to ! ban hav+ be5 laid ^u ! cities ( ,sihon 7,deut4 ii4 #cd7 & ,og 7,deut4 iii4 #f72 ! provision = ! extirpation ( idolatr\s p]sons & communities 7,deut4 xiii4 #ae72 & la/ly1 t portion ( ! law ( w> :i* treats ( ! v>iations 9 ! execution ( ! ban :i* circum/ances might dem& 7,deut4 xx4 #ac-ah74 ,^! passages1 tak5 toge!r1 give an almo/ exhau/ive /atem5t 9 reg>d to ! nature & limitations ( ! ,*]em1 or ban1 9 anci5t ,israel1 a /atem5t mu* m complete ?an is else:]e to be f\nd2 & !y consequ5tly sugge/1 if !y d n dem&1 a complete inve/igation ( ! :ole matt]4 ,x is q cle> t ! ,*]em1 or ban1 by :i* a p]son or ?+1 or ev5 a :ole p & _! prop]ty1 7 devot$ to a god1 0 n a specially ,mosaic ord9ance1 = x is a cu/om kn[n to _m half-civilis$ & "s highly civilis$ nations4 ,9 ,livy's acc\nt ( e>ly ,rome we read t ,t>qu9ius1 aft] defeat+ ! ,sab9es1 burn$ ! spoils ( ! enemy 9 a huge heap1 9 accordance ) a v[ to ,vulcan1 made be=e advanc+ into ! ,sab9e c\ntry4 ,! same cu/om is allud$ to 9 ,v]gil1 n4 viii4 #efb1 & ,cs>1 ,b4,g4 vi4 #ag1 tells u a simil> ?+ ( ! ,gauls4 ,! ,mexican cu/om ( sacrific+ all prison]s ( w> to ! god ( w> 0 ( ! same k9d4 ,b ! mo/ complete example ( ! ban 9 ! ,hebrew s5se1 occurr+ among a =eign p1 is to be f\nd 9 ! ,moabite /one :i* ,me%a1 k+ ( ,moab1 erect$ 9 ! n9? c5tury ,b4,c41 i4e4 9 ! days ( ,ahab4 ,( c\rse ,moab & ,israel 7 relat$ peoples1 & x might 9 itself be possible t ,moab dur+ its subjection to ,israel _h adopt$ ! ban f ,israel4 ,b t is highly improbable1 consid]+ h[ widespread ?is cu/om is1 & h[ deeply its roots are fix$ 9 human nature4 ,r we %\ld take ! ,moabite ban z an example ( its usual =m among ! ,semitic peoples4 ,& ,*emo% said to me1 ,g1 take ,nebo aga9/ ,israel4 ,& ,i w5t by night & f\ght aga9/ x f ! break ( morn until noon1 & took x & kill$ !m all1 sev5 ?\s& m5 & boys1 & wom5 & girls & maid-s]vants1 = ,i _h devot$ x to ',a%tor-,*emo%'2 & ,i took !nce ! vessels 7s ,r5an7 ( ,yahweh1 & ,i dragg$ !m be=e ,*emo%4#ee ,! ord9>y ,semitic ^w = ! ban is ,*]em4 ,x d5otes a ?+ sep>at$ f or prohibit$ to common use1 & no d\bt x indicat$ orig9ally m]ely t :i* 0 giv5 ov] to ! gods1 sep>at$ = _! exclusive use = ev]4 ,9 ?is way x 0 di/+ui%$ f t :i* 0 sanctifi$ to ,yahweh1 = t c\ld be r$eem$2 devot$ ?+s c\ld n4 #ee ,driv]1 ,notes on ,hebrew ,text ( ! ,books ( ,samuel1 p4 #aja1 note4 ,9 ! anci5t laws repeat$ 9 ,lev4 xxvii4 #bh1 #bi1 two classes ( devot$ ?+s seem to be ref]r$ to4 ,fir/ ( all1 we h ! ?+s :i* an individual may devote to ,god1 :e!r ( man or bea/1 or ( ! field ( 8 possession4 ,! provision made 9 reg>d to !m is t !y %all n be sold or r$eem$1 b %all become 9 ! highe/ degree sacr$ to ,yahweh4 ,m5 s devot$1 !re=e1 became p]petual slaves at ! holy places1 & o!r k9ds ( prop]ty fell to ! prie/s4 ,9 ! next v]se1 #bi1 we read1 ,none devot$ :i* %all be devot$ ( 7i4e4 f among7 m5 %all be ransom$2 he %all surely be put to dea?1 b t mu/ ref] to "s o!r class ( m5 devot$ to ,yahweh4 ,x is inconceivable t 9 ,israel individuals c\ld at _! own w devote slaves or *ildr5 to dea?4 ,moreov]1 if e man devot$ mu/ be kill$1 ! provision ( ,numb4 xviii4 #ad1 accord+ to :i* ev]y?+ devot$ 9 ,israel is to be ,a>on's1 c\ld n be c>ri$ out4 ,fur!r1 !re is a diff]5ce 9 expression 9 ! two v]ses3 9 #bh we h ?+s devot$ to ,yahweh1 9 #bi we h simply m5 devot$4#ef ,!re c be little d\bt1 !re=e1 t we h 9 v]4 #bi ! case ( m5 condemn$ = "s act = :i* ! puni%m5t prescrib$ by ! law 0 ! ban 7z 9 ,exod4 xxii4 #ai1 ,he t sacrifice? unto any god save unto ,yahweh only %all be put to ! ban71 or :i* "s legal tribunal consid]$ wor?y ( t puni%m5t4 ,9 su* cases1 ! object ( ! ban be+ some?+ (f5sive1 some?+ :i* call$ out ! ,div9e wra? & abhorr5ce1 ?is devotion to ,god meant utt] de/ruction4 ,j z ana?ma1 a ?+ set up 9 a temple z a votive (f]+1 became ana?ma1 an accurs$ ?+1 & z sac]1 orig9ally mean+ sacr$1 came to mean devot$ to de/ruction1 s ,*]em1 among ! ,semites1 came to h ! mean+ ( a ?+ devot$ to de/ruction by ! wra? ( ! national gods4 ,f anci5t days x _h be5 9 use1 & 9 ,israel x cont9u$ to be practis$1 b ) a new moral & religi\s purpose :i* antiquity c\ld "k no?+ (4 ,no m conspicu\s in/ance ( t trans=mation ( anci5t cu/oms ( a d\btful or ev5 evil k9d by ! _s ( ! religion ( ,yahweh1 :i* is "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable *>act]i/ics ( ! hi/ory ( ,israel1 c be conceiv$ ?an ?is use ( ! ban = high] ends4 #ef ,cf4 ,dillmann1 ,exodus & ,leviticus1 p4 #fcd4 ,z ! fundam5tal idea ( ! ,*]em 0 ! devot+ ( objects to a god1 x is manife/ t ! :ole inn] significance ( ! in/itution w\ld v>y ) ! conception ( ! ,deity4 ,among ! wor%ipp]s ( cruel & sangu9>y gods1 su* z ! gods ( ! hea!n ,semites 71 ! ends :i* ?is practice 0 us$ to promote w\ld naturally be cruel & sangu9>y4 ,moreov]1 :]e x 0 ?\ght t ! gods c\ld be b\ght ov] by acceptable sacrifices1 :]e !y 7 conceiv$ ( z non-moral be+s1 ^: reasons = fav\r or ang] 7 equally caprici\s & unfa?omable1 x 0 inevitable t ! ,*]em %\ld be ma9ly us$ to bribe ^! gods to fav\r & help _! peoples4 ,:]e victory seem$ easy & )9 ! p[] ( ! nation1 ! spoil & ! inhabitants ( a conqu]$ city or c\ntry w\ld be tak5 by ! conqu]ors = _! own use4 ,:]e1 on ! o!r h&1 victory 0 difficult & d\btful1 an ef=t w\ld be made to w9 ! fav\r ( ! god1 & wr+ success f him by promis+ him all ! spoil4 ,! slaught] ( ! captives w\ld be consid]$ ! highe/ gratification su* sangu9>y gods c\ld receive1 :ile _! pride w\ld be held to be gratifi$ by ! utt] de/ruction ( ! seat ( ! wor%ip ( o!r gods4 ,obvi\sly x 0 9 ?is way t ! ,gauls & ,g]mans work$ ?is in/itution2 & ! probability is t ! hea!n ,semites w\ld view ! :ole matt] f an ev5 l[] /&po9t4 ,b to true wor%ipp]s ( ,yahweh su* ?\ghts mu/ h gr[n abhorr5t4 ,f ! mom5t :5 _! ,god became ! c5tre & ! norm ( moral life to ,israel1 acts :i* _h no scope b ! gratification ( a ?ir/ = blood1 or ( a petty jeal\s pride1 c\ld n be ?\ght acceptable to ,him4 ,e in/itution & cu/om1 !re=e1 :i* _h no moral elem5t 9 x1 _h ei!r to be swept away1 or moralis$ 9 ! _s ( ! pur] fai?4 ,n[ ! ban 0 n aboli%$ 9 ,israel2 b x 0 moralis$1 & turn$ into a pot5t & t]rible weapon = ! pres]vation & advancem5t ( true religion4 ,by ! ,div9e appo9tm5t ! national life ( ,israel 0 b\nd up ) ! f\ndation & progress ( true religion4 ,x 0 9 ?is p t ! se$s ( ! highe/ religion 7 to be plant$1 & x 0 by means ( x t all ! nations ( ! e>? 7 to be bless$4 ,b z ! *ief means to ?is end 0 to be ! high] e?ical & religi\s "* ( ! nation z su*1 ! pres]vation ( t f depravation & decay became ! ma9 anxiety ( ! prophets & prie/s & law-giv]s ( ,israel4 ,j z 9 mod]n days ! pres]vation & def5ce ( ! ,/ate is reckon$ 9 e c\ntry ! supreme law :i* ov]rides e o!r consid]ation1 s 9 ,israel ! pres]vation ( ! high] life 0 reg>d$4 ,rude & half-civilis$ z ,israel 0 at ! beg9n+ ( its c>e]1 ! ,div9ely reveal$ religion _h made m5 consci\s ( t :i* gave ?is p its unique value bo? to ,god & m54 ,!y recognis$ t its glory & /r5g? lay 9 its ?\ght ( ,god1 & 9 ! "* :i* ?is impress$ ^u ! corporate life1 z well z on ! life ( ea* individual4 ,z we h se51 ?is br$ 9 !m a consci\sness ( a high] call+1 ( a high] obligation re/+ on !m ?an ^u o!rs4 ,!y consequ5tly felt ! necessity ( gu>d+ _! special "*1 & us$ ! ban z _! great weapon to w>d (f ! contagion ( evil1 & to give ?is "* room to develop itself4 ,its trem5d\s1 ev5 cruel1 p[] 0 direct$ 9 ,israel to ?is end2 x 0 f ?is po9t ( view alone t x _h value 9 ! eyes ( ! fully enlight5$ man ( ,israel4 ,/ade 9 8 hi/ory 7vol4 i41 p4 #dij7 holds t ?is di/9ction did n exi/1 t ! ,israelite view diff]$ 9 little1 if any?+1 f t ( _! hea!n k9sm51 & t ! ban result$ f a v[ int5d$ to gratify ,yahweh & w9 ,8 fav\r by giv+ ,him ! booty4 ,b x is und5iable t 9 ! e>lie/ /atem5t 9 reg>d to x 7,exod4 xx47 !re is a di/9ct legislative provision t ! ban %\ld be proclaim$ & execut$ irrespective ( any v[2 & 9 ! lat]1 b /ill e>ly1 notices ( x 9 ,jo%ua1 ,judges1 & #a ,samuel ! comm& to execute x comes 9 e case f ,yahweh4 ,9 ,deut]onomy1 aga91 ! e?ical purpose ( ! ban is always insi/$ ^u1 mo/ emphatically p]haps 9 *ap4 xx4 #ag ff41 :]e ! ,*]em is laid d[n z a regul> practice 9 w> aga9/ ! hea!n inhabitants ( ,canaan3 ,b ?\ %alt utt]ly de/roy !m1 444 t !y tea* y n to d aft] all _! abom9ations1 :i* !y h done unto _! gods2 s %\ld ye s9 aga9/ ,yahweh y\r ,god4 ,:atev] h9ts or appe>ances !re may be 9 ! ,scripture n>ratives t ! l[] view /ill clung to "s m9ds are n to be tak5 z indicat+ ! normal & recognis$ view4 ,!y 71 l mu* else ( a simil> k9d1 m]e survivals1 becom+ m & m %ad[y z ! hi/ory advances1 & at la/ entirely vani%+ away4 ,! new & high] ?\ght :i* ,moses plant$ 0 ! ris+ & prevail+ elem5t 9 ! ,israelite consci\sness4 ,! l[] ?\ght 0 a decay+ rem9isc5ce ( ! /ate ( ?+s :i* ! ,mosaic revelation _h w\nd$ to ! dea?1 b :i* 0 sl[ 9 dy+4 ,9 ,israel1 !re=e1 ! ban 01 on ! pr9ciples ( ! high] religion1 legitimate only :]e ! object 0 to pres]ve t religion :5 gravely endang]$4 ,if any object c\ld ju/ify a measure s cruel & sweep+ z ! ban1 ?is c\ld1 & ?is is ! only gr\nd ^u :i* ! ,scriptures def5d x4 ,t ! dang] 0 grave & imm95t1 :5 ,israel ent]$ ,canaan1 _c be d\bt$4 ,z we h se51 ! ,israelite tribes 7 f> f be+ ( "o blood or ( "o fai?4 ,!re 0 a huge mix$ multitude along ) !m2 & ev5 among ^? :o _h unque/ion$ title to be reckon$ among ,israelites1 _m 7 gross1 c>nal1 & slavi% 9 _! conceptions ( ?+s4 ,!y _h n le>n$ ?or\ghly nor assimilat$ ! lessons !y _h be5 taught4 ,only ! elect among !m _h done t2 & ! dang] f contact ) races1 sup]ior 9 culture1 & religi\sly n s f> bel[ ! position occupi$ by ! multitude ( ,israel1 0 extreme4 ,! nation 0 born 9 a day1 b x _h be5 educat$ only = a g5]ation2 x 0 raw & ignorant 9 all t conc]n$ ! ,yahwi/ic fai?4 ,9 fact x 0 precisely 9 ! condition 9 :i* spiritual disease c\ld be mo/ easily contract$ & w\ld be mo/ deadly4 ,! new religion _h n be5 securely organis$2 ! cu/oms & habits ( ! p /ill ne$$ to be m\ld$ by x1 & c\ld n1 consequ5tly1 act z ! /ay & support ( religion z !y did at lat] times4 ,fur!r1 ! p 7 at ! critical mom5t :5 !y 7 pass+ f "o /age ( social life to ano!r4 ,at su* mom5ts !re is imm5se dang] to ! heal? & "* ( a nation1 = !re is no unity ( ideal pres5t to e m9d4 ,t :i* !y are mov+ away f has n ceas$ to ex]t its influ5ce1 & t to :i* !y are mov+ has n ass]t$ itself ) all its p[]4 ,at su* crises 9 ! c>e] ( peoples em]g+ f b>b>ism1 ev5 physical disease is apt to be deadli] & m preval5t ?an x is among ei!r civilis$ or entirely savage m54 ,! old ,semitic hea!nism _h n be5 entirely ov]come1 & ! new & high] religion _h n succe$$ 9 e/abli%+ full dom9ion4 ,contact ) ! ,canaanites 9 almo/ any %ape w\ld "u su* circum/ances be l ! introduction ( a contagi\s disease1 & at almo/ any price x _h to be avoid$4 ,! cu/oms ( ! _w at t "t1 & ( ! ,semitic nations 9 p>ticul>1 (f]$ ?is t]ribly effective weapon ( ! ban1 & = ?is high] purpose x 0 accept$2 & x 0 en=c$ ) a /r+5cy :i* no?+ w\ld ju/ify %ort ( ! fact t life or dea? to ! great hope ( mank9d 0 involv$ 9 x4 ,b x may be & %\ld be ask$1 ,w\ld any circum/ances ju/ify ,*ri/ian m51 or a ,*ri/ian nation1 9 ent]+ ^u a w> ( ext]m9ation n[8 & if n1 h[ c a w> ( ext]m9ation aga9/ ! ,canaanities h be5 sanction$ by ,god8 ,9 answ] to ! fir/ "q1 x mu/ be said t1 :ile circum/ances c be conceiv$ "u :i* ! ext]m9ation ( a race w\ld c]ta9ly be c>ri$ out by nations call$ ,*ri/ian1 x is h>dly possible to imag9e ,*ri/ian m5 tak+ "p 9 su* a massacre4 ,ev5 ! suppos$ comm& ( ,god c\ld n induce !m to d s4#eg ,x w\ld be s contr>y to all t !y h le>n$ ( ,god's w1 bo? z reg>ds !mselves & o!rs1 t !y w\ld hesitate4 ,almo/ c]ta9ly !y w\ld decide t !y 7 b\nd to be fai?ful to :at ,god _h reveal$ ( ,himself2 !y w\ld feel t ,he c\ld n wi% to blunt _! moral s5se & undo :at ,he _h done = !m1 & !y w\ld put aside ! comm& z a temptation4 ,b ! case ) ! ,israelites 0 altoge!r diff]5t4 ,! "q is n1 h[ c\ld ,god de/roy a :ole p8 ,7 x only t1 !re w\ld be little difficulty4 ,ev]y:]e 9 ,8 action ?r\gh nature ,god is ru?less en\gh aga9/ s94 ,vice & s9 are e day br++ m5 & wom5 & innoc5t *ildr5 to dea?1 & to suff]+ worse ?an dea?4 ,= t e believ] 9 ,god holds ! ,div9e law responsible4 ,& :5 ! ,div9e comm& 0 laid ^u ! ,israelites to d1 m spe$ily1 & 9 a m awe-inspir+ way1 :at ,canaanite vices 7 already do+1 !re c be no difficulty except 9 s f> z ! effect ^u ! ,israelites is conc]n$4 ,x is by dea?1 inflict$ z ! puni%m5t ( vice1 & sp>+ nei!r woman nor *ild1 t nations h1 z a rule1 be5 blott$ out2 &1 except to ! confus$ ?9k]1 s f> z ! ,div9e action is conc]n$ !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 su* cases & ?is ( ! ,canaanites4 ,! real "q is1 ,c a liv+1 p]sonal ,god delib]ately set to m5 a task :i* c only l[] !m 9 ! scale ( humanity--brutalise !m1 9 fact8 ,no1 is ( c\rse ! only possible answ]2 !re=e a suppos$ ,div9e comm& com+ to u to d su* ?+s w\ld rightly be suspect$4 ,we c\ld n1 we feel sure1 be call$ ^u by ,god to slay ! innoc5t ) ! guilty1 to ov]:elm 9 "o common puni%m5t individual be+s :o h ea* ( !m an inali5able claim to ju/ice at our h&s4 ,b ! ,israelites _h n & c\ld n h ! feel+ we h on ! subject4 ,! feel+ = ! individual did n exi/ 9 e>ly times4 ,! clan1 ! tribe1 ! nation 0 ev]y?+1 & ! individual no?+4 ,consequ5tly !re 0 n exi/5t 9 ! _w t ke5 feel+ 9 reg>d to individual rights1 :i* dom9ates u s completely t we c ) difficulty conceive any o!r view4 ,9 ?is _w ! e>ly ,israelite sc>cely p]ceiv$ ! individual man1 & beyond ?is _w he knew ( no c]ta9 c>e] = him4 ,he consequ5tly dealt ) him only z "p ( 8 clan or tribe4 ,8 tribe suff]$ = him & he = 8 tribe1 & 9 e>ly p5al law ! two c\ld h>dly be sep>at$4 ,inde$ x may almo/ be said t1 :5 ! individual suff]$ = 8 own s91 ! satisfaction felt by ! wrong$ 0 r due to ! tribe hav+ suff]$ s mu* loss 9 ! individual's dea? ?an to ! retribution :i* fell ^u him4 ,moreov] w> 0 ! con/ant employm5t ( all1 & dea? by viol5ce ! mo/ common ( all =ms ( dea?4 ,mann]s & feel+s 7 bo? rude1 & ! pa9s z well z ! pleasures ( civilis$ & ,*ri/ian m5 lay l>gely beyond _! horizon4 ,!re 0 consequ5tly no dang] ( do+ viol5ce to nobl] feel+s or ( leav+ a /+ 9 ! consci5ce by call+ su* m5 to su* "w4 ,! /age ( moral developm5t !y _h rea*$ did n =bid x1 & ! "w !re=e might be giv5 !m ( ,god4 #eg ,mozley's ,lectures on ! ,old ,te/am5t1 p4 #ajb4 ,b ! gr\nds = ! action 7 immeasurably rais$4 ,in/ead ( be+ left on ! hea!n level1 ! usage 0 utilis$ s z to h>monise ) ! pr9ciples ( _! religion1 & to satisfy its ne$s4 ,x became a mode ( seclud+ & r5d]+ h>mless any?+ :i* peculi>ly imp]ill$ ! religi\s life ( ei!r an individual or ! community1 su* objects be+ )drawn f society at l>ge1 & pres5t$ to ! sanctu>y1 :i* _h p[]1 if ne$ful1 to au?orise _! de/ruction4#eh ,! ,deut]onomic comm& is n giv5 %amefac$ly4 ,! int]e/s at /ake are too great = t4 ,israel is utt]ly to smite ! ,canaanite nations1 to put !m to ! ban1 to make no cov5ant ) !m nor to int]m>ry ) !m4 ,?us %all ye deal ) !m3 ye %all break d[n _! alt>s1 & da% 9 pieces _! obelisks1 & hew d[n _! ,a%]im1 & burn _! grav5 images ) fire4 ,!re is a fi]ce1 curt en]gy ab\t ! words :i* impresses ! read] ) ! vig\r ne$$ to def5d ! true religion4 ,! dang] 0 se5 to be great1 & ?is trem5d\s weapon ( ! ban 0 to be wield$ ) unsp>+ rig\r1 if ,israel 0 to be true to its highe/ call4 ,=1 v]4 #f goes on to say1 ?\ art a holy p unto ,yahweh ?y ,god2 ,yahweh ?y ,god ha? *os5 !e to be a peculi> p unto ,himself1 out ( all peoples t are ^u ! face ( ! e>?4 ,!y 7 ! elect ( ,god2 !y 7 a holy p1 a p sep>at$ unto _! ,god1 & ! ,div9e bless+ 0 to come ^u all nations ?r\gh !m if !y rema9$ true4 ,_! sep>at5ess mu/ !re=e be ma9ta9$4 ,z a p m>k$ out by ! love ( ,god1 !y c\ld n %>e 9 ! common life ( ! _w z x !n 04 ,!y c\ld n lift ! ,canaanites to _! level by m+l+ ) !m4 ,s !y w\ld only obscure1 nay1 9 s f> z ?is rigor\s comm& 0 n c>ri$ out1 !y did all b fatally obscure1 ! high] elem5ts ( national & p]sonal life :i* !y _h receiv$4 ,!y 7 too rec5tly conv]t$ to be ! p ( ,yahweh1 too weak 9 _! own fai?1 to be able to d any?+ b /& 9 ?is au/]e & repell5t attitude t[>ds ! _w4 ,c5turies pass$ be=e !y c\ld relax )\t dang]4 ,x may ev5 be said t until ! com+ ( our ,"l !y d>$ n take up any o!r ?an ?is sep>ati/ position1 ?\gh z ! ages pass$ & ! prophetic influ5ce grew1 ! ye>n+ aft] a ga!r+ 9 ( ! ,g5tiles1 & ! promise ( x 9 ! ,messianic day1 became m m>k$ly prom95t4 ,only :5 m5 c\ld look =w>d to be+ made p]fect 9 ,jesus ,*ri/ did !y receive ! comm& to g unres]v$ly out into ! _w1 = only !n _h !y an an*or :i* no /orm 9 ! _w c\ld drag4 #eh ,driv]1 ,notes on ! ,hebrew ,text ( ! ,books ( ,samuel1 p4 #aja4 ,b we mu/ be c>eful n to exagg]ate ! sep>ation call$ = "h4 ,x does n au?orise any?+ l ! fi]ce1 intol]ant ?ir/ = conque/ & dom9ation :i* 0 ! v keynote ( ,islam4#ei ,9 ,deut4 ii4 #e1 #f1 #ai1 ! l&s ( ,edom1 ,moab1 & ,ammon are said to be ,yahweh's gift to ^! peoples 9 ! same way z ,canaan 0 to ,israel4 ,nor did ! law ev] au?orise ! bitt] & contemptu\s feel+ ) :i* ,ph>isaic ,israelites (t5 reg>d$ all m5 beyond ! pale ( ,judaism4 ,!re 0 no g5]al prohibition aga9/ fri5dly int]c\rse ) o!r peoples4 ,x 0 aga9/ ^? only1 ^: pres5ce 9 ,canaan w\ld h fru/rat$ ! e/abli%m5t ( ! !ocracy1 & ^: influ5ce w\ld h be5 de/ructive ( x :5 e/abli%$1 t ! ban 0 decre$4 ,:5 w> arose betwe5 ,israel & cities f>!r (f ?an ^? ( ,canaan1 !y 7 n to be put to ! ban4 ,?\gh !y 7 to be h>dly treat$ accord+ to our ideas1 !y 7 to suff] only ! fate ( cities /orm$ 9 ^? days1 = ! dang] ( corruption 0 proportionately dim9i%$ 7,deut4 xx4 #ag7 by _! di/ance4 ,! "r ( o!r peoples to _! l&s 0 to be respect$1 & fri5dly int]c\rse might be ent]$ on ) !m4 ,b ! "r ( ,israel to ! free & unh9d]$ developm5t to :i* x _h be5 call$ by ,yahweh 0 ! supreme law4 ,! suspicion ( dang] to t 0 to make ?+s o!rwise h>mless1 or ev5 useful1 to be abhorr$4 ,if m5 are to live ne>] to ,god ?an o!rs1 !y mu/ sacrifice mu* to ! high] call4 #ei ,riehm1 ,old ,te/am5t ,!ology1 p4 #ih4 ,to press home ?is1 to induce ,israel to respond to ?is dem&1 to conv9ce !m anew ( _! obligation to g any l5g? to keep _! position z a p holy to ,yahweh1 our *apt] urges a v>iety ( reasons4 ,! fir/ 7vv4 #g-aa7 is t ! hi/ory & gr\nds ( _! election exhibit ! "* ( ,yahweh 9 su* a way z to height5 _! s5se ( _! privileges & ! dang] ( los+ !m4 ,he _h *os5 !m1 only because ( ,8 own love to !m2 & hav+ *os5 !m & sworn to _! fa!rs1 ,he is true to ,8 cov5ant4 ,he br\ght !m out ( ! h\se ( bondage1 & has l$ !m until n[4 ,9 ,yahweh !y _h a spiritual ideal1 ^: *>act]i/ics 7 love & fai?fulness4 ,b ?\gh ,he loves ,he c be wra?ful1 & ?\gh ,he has made a cov5ant ) ,israel1 x mu/ be fulfill$ 9 accordance ) righte\sness4 ,9 deal+ ) su* a ,god !y mu/ bew>e ( ?9k+ t _! election is irrespective ( moral conditions1 or t ,8 love is m]e good nature4 ,he c & does smite ! enemies ( good1 = ang] is always possible :]e love is4 ,x is only ) good nature t ang] is n compatible1 j z w>m & self-sacrific+ affection also is4 ,^? :o turn away f ,him1 !re=e1 ,he requites imm$iately to _! face1 z surely z ,he keepe? cov5ant & m]cy ) !m t love ,him & keep ,8 comm&m5ts4 ,all ! bless$ & intimate relations :i* ,he has op5$ up ) !m1 & 9 :i* _! safety & _! glory lie1 c be dissolv$ by s94 ,!y are1 !re=e1 to /rike fi]cely at temptation1 to reg>d nei!r _! own lives nor ! lives ( o!rs :5 t has to be put out ( ! way1 to smite & sp>e n1 = ! v love ( ,god4 ,a second reason :y !y %\ld obey ! ,div9e comm&s1 z 9 o!r matt]s1 s 9 ?is t]rible ?+1 is ?is4 ,if !y be will+ & ob$i5t1 !n ,god w bless !m 9 temporal ways z well z ) spiritual bless+s4 ,ev5 = _! e>?ly prosp]ity a loyal attitude to ,yahweh w\ld prove decisive4 ,?\ %alt be bless$ above all peoples2 !re %all n be a male or female b>r5 among y1 or among y\r cattle4 ,& ,yahweh w take away f !e all sickness1 & ,he w put none ( ! evil diseases ( ,egypt :i* ?\ kn[e/ ^u !e2 b w lay !m ^u all !m t hate !e4 ,! same promises are r5ew$ 9 m detail & ) great] emphasis 9 ! spee* conta9$ 9 *apt]s xxviii4 & xxix4 ,!re ! significance ( su* a view1 & ! difficulties involv$ 9 x = u1 w be fully discuss$4 ,"h x w be suffici5t to note t ! pr(it ( ob$i5ce is br\ght 9 to induce ,israel to en=ce ! ban mo/ rigor\sly4 ,! la/ v]ses ( our *apt]1 vv4 #ag-bf1 set be=e ,israel a ?ird incitem5t & enc\ragem5t4 ,yahweh1 :o _h prov$ ,8 might & ,8 fav\r = !m by ,8 mighty de$s 9 ,egypt1 w\ld be among !m1 to make !m /rong] ?an _! mightie/ foes 7v]4 #ba73 ,?\ %alt n be affright$ at !m1 = ,yahweh ?y ,god is 9 ! mid/ ( !e1 a great ,god & a t]rible4 ,! previ\s inducem5ts to obey ,yahweh _! ,god & be true to ,him 7 f\nd$ on ,8 "* & on ,8 acts4 ,he 0 m]ciful2 b ,he c\ld be t]rible1 & ,he w\ld rew>d ! fai?ful ) prosp]ity4 ,n[ ,8 p are enc\rag$ to g =w>d because ,8 pres5ce w g ) !m4 ,9 ! conflicts :i* ob$i5ce to ,him w\ld provoke1 ,he w\ld be ) !m to su/a9 !m1 :atev] /ress might come ^u !m4 ,/ep by /ep !y w\ld drive out ^? v peoples :om !y _h dread$ s :5 ! spies br\ght back _! report ( ! l&4 ,! t]ror ( _! ,god w\ld fall ^u all ^! nations4 ,a great ,god & a t]rible ,he w\ld prove ,himself to be1 & ) ,him 9 _! mid/ !y might g =? boldly to execute ! ban ^u ! ,canaanites4 ,! s9s & vices ( ^! peoples _h br\ght ?is ^u !m2 _! horrible wor%ip left an indelible /a9 :]ev] its %ad[ fell4 ,israel1 l$ & direct$ by ,yahweh ,himself1 0 to fall ^u !m z ! sc\rge ( ,god4 ,not)/&+ ! ,div9e urg5cy1 ! comm& to de/roy ! ,canaanites & _! idols 0 n c>ri$ out4 ,aft] a victory or two ! enemy began to submit4 ,glad to be rid ( ! toils ( w>1 ,israel settl$ d[n among ! p ( ! l&4 ,all c5tral control w\ld seem to h disappe>$4 ,! ,canaanite wor%ip & ! ,canaanite cu/oms attract$ & fasc9at$ ! p1 & enemy aft] enemy broke 9 ^u !m & triumph$ ov] !m4 ,! half-idolatr\s masses 7 l$ away into deprav$ =ms ( wor%ip1 & = a "t x look$ z if ! "w ( ,moses w\ld be utt]ly undone4 ,_h ! pur] fai? he taught !m n be5 reviv$1 ,israel w\ld probably n h surviv$ ! p]iod ( ! ,judges4 ,z x 01 !y j surviv$2 b by _! lapse ! leav5+ ( ! :ole ( ! nation ) ! pure pr9ciples ( ,yahweh-wor%ip _h be5 /opp$4 ,in/ead ( be+ cur$1 ! idolatr\s incl9ations !y _h br\ght ) !m f ! pre-,mosaic "t _h be5 reviv$ & /r5g!n$4 ,multitudes1 :ile call+ ,yahweh _! ,god1 _h sunk almo/ to ! ,canaanite level 9 _! wor%ip1 & dur+ ! :ole p]iod ( _! exi/5ce z a nation ,israel z a :ole nev] aga9 rose cle> ( half-hea!n conceptions ( _! ,god4 ,! prophets taught & ?reat5$ !m 9 va91 until at la/ ru9 fell ^u !m & ! ,div9e ?reats ( puni%m5t 7 fulfill$4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,! ,,ban ,,9 ,,mod]n ,,life ,9 our mod]n "t ?is practice ( ! ban has1 ( c\rse1 become antiquat$ & impossible4 ,! ,*]em1 or ban1 ( ! mod]n synagogue is a diff]5t ?+1 bas$ ^u diff]5t motives1 & is direct$ to ! same ends z ,*ri/ian excommunication4 ,b ?\gh ! ?+ has ceas$1 ! pr9ciples und]ly+ x1 & ! view ( life :i* x implies1 are ( p]petual validity4 ,^! belong to ! ess5tial tru?s ( religion1 & especially ne$ to be recall$ 9 a "t l ours1 :5 m5 t5d ev]y:]e to a feeble1 lax1 & cosmopolitan view ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,z we h se51 ! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( ! ,*]em 0 t1 h[ev] preci\s1 h[ev] sacr$1 h[ev] useful & helpful 9 ord9>y circum/ances a ?+ might be1 :5ev] x became dang]\s to ! high] life x %\ld at once be giv5 up to ,yahweh4 ,! lives ( human be+s1 ev5 ?\gh !y 7 m5's de>e/ & ne>e/1 %\ld be sacrific$2 ! ri*e/ works ( art1 ! weapons ( w>1 & ! weal? :i* w\ld h adorn$ life & made x easy1 7 equally to be giv5 up to ,him1 t ,he might seclude !m & r5d] !m h>mless to m5's highe/ int]e/s4 ,neighb\rl9ess to ! ,canaanites 0 absolutely =bidd51 & ! ,*ur* ( ! ,old ,te/am5t 0 comm&$ to take up a position ( ho/ility1 or at be/ ( arm$ neutrality1 to all ! pleasures1 int]e/s1 & conc]ns ( ! peoples :o surr\nd$ !m4 ,n[ ! prevail+ mod]n view is t n only ! ban itself1 b ^! pr9ciples h become obsolete4 ,not)/&+ t ! ,*ur* ( ! ,new ,te/am5t is ! be>] ( ! high] int]e/s ( humanity1 we are taught t :5 x is lea/ def9ite 9 its direction z to conduct1 :5 x is mo/ tol]ant ( ! practices ( ! _w1 !n x is mo/ true to its orig9al conception4 ,we are told t an indulg5t ,*ur* is :at is want$2 rig\r & religion are n[ suppos$ to be f9ally divorc$ 9 all enlight5$ m9ds4 ,?is view is n (t5 categorically express$1 b x und]lies all fa%ionable religion1 & has its apo/les 9 ! gold5 y\? :o =w>d enlight5m5t by play+ t5nis on ,sundays4 ,because ( x too1 ,puritan has become a "n ( scorn1 & c>eless self-gratification a m>k ( cultur$ ,*ri/ianity4 ,n only asceticism1 b has be5 discr$it$1 & ! moral tone ( society has p]ceptibly fall5 9 consequ5ce4 ,9 wide circles bo? )9 & )\t ! ,*ur* x seems to be held t pa9 is ! only intol]able evil1 & 9 legislation z well z 9 lit]ature t idea has be5 regi/]+ itself4 ,= mu* ( ?is progress1 z "s call x1 no reason$ ju/ification has be5 attempt$1 b x has be5 def5d$ 9 "p by ! allegation t ! circum/ances :i* make ! ban necess>y to ! v life ( ! anci5t p ( ,god h pass$ away1 n[ t social & political life has be5 ,*ri/ianis$4 ,ev5 ^? :o are outside ! ,*ur* 9 ,*ri/ian l&s are no long] liv+ at a moral & spiritual level s mu* bel[ t ( ! ,*ur*4 ,!y are n hea!n idolat]s1 ^: moral & religi\s ideas are contagi\sly corrupt+1 & no?+ b ,ph>isaism ( ! wor/ type1 x is said1 c ju/ify ! ,*ur* 9 tak+ up a position to society 9 any degree l t :i* 0 impos$ ^u anci5t ,israel4 ,n[ x _c be d5i$ t !re is tru? "h1 & 9 s f> z ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* or individual ,*ri/ians h tak5 up precisely ! same position to ^? )\t z is impli$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t ban1 !y are n to be def5d$4 ,mod]n society1 z at pres5t con/itut$1 is n corrupt+ l t ( ,canaan4 ,no "o 9 a mod]n ,*ri/ian /ate has be5 br\ght up 9 an atmosph]e ( hea!nism1 & :at an incr$ible diff]5ce t involves only ^? :o "k hea!nism well c appreciate4 ,if spiritual life is nei!r und]/ood nor believ$ 9 by all1 yet ! rules ( morals are ! same 9 e m9d1 & ^! rules are ! product ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,z a consequ5ce1 ! ,*ur* is n endang]$ 9 ! same way & to ! same degree by contact ) ! _w z 9 ! anci5t days4 ,inde$ to ! ,israelite ( ! po/-,mosaic "t our _w1 :i* "s sects at lea/ w\ld absolutely ignore & %ut out1 w\ld seem a v def9ite & legitimate "p ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! ,jewi% ,*ur* 0 c]ta9ly to a v l>ge ext5t made up ( precisely su* elem5ts1 :ile ^? :o 7 to be put to ! ban 7 f> m remote ?an any citiz5s ( a mod]n /ate1 except a portion ( ! crim9al class4 ,fur!r1 ^? n actively ,*ri/ian are1 on acc\nt ( ?is community ( moral s5tim5ts1 op5 to appeal f ! ,*ur* z ! hea!n ,canaanites 7 n4 ,9 ,engli%-speak+ l&s1 :ile !re are multitudes indiff]5t to ,*ri/ianity1 mo/ ackn[l$ge ! obligation ( ! ,*ri/ian motives4 ,9 nations at lea/ nom9ally ,*ri/ian1 !re=e1 bo? because ! dang] ( corruption is greatly less1 & because ! _w is m accessible to ! leav5 ( ,*ri/ian life1 no ,*ur* c1 or d>e1 )\t incurr+ t]rible loss & responsibility1 )draw f or %[ a m]ely ho/ile front to ! _w4 ,! sects :i* d s live an invalid life4 ,_! virtues take on ! sickly look ( all fugitive & cloi/]$ virtue4 ,_! doctr9es become full ( ! idols ( ! cave1 & !y cease to h any p]ception ( ! real ne$s ( m54 ,nev]!less ! au/]e _s inculcat$ 9 ?is *apt] mu/ be kept alive1 if ! ,*ur* is to be ! spiritual lead] ( humanity1 = /r5u\sness is ! great want ( mod]n life4 ,dr4 ,pe>son1 ^: book on ,national ,life & ,"* has lately exp\nd$ ! !ory t ! ,*ur*1 be+ too inexorable 9 its ideal to admit ( compromises ) human frailty1 is precisely on ?is acc\nt unfitt$ = gov]n+ fallible m5 & wom51 i4e4 gov]n+ !m 9 ! political s5se1 has else:]e /at$ 8 view ( ! rem$y = "o ( ! great evils ( mod]n life4#fj ,! disproportionate gr[? ( ! di/ribut+ classes1 z comp>$ ) ! produc+1 is due1 ,i believe1 to two moral causes--! love ( amusem5t & ! passion = speculation4 ,m5 flock out ( heal?y c\ntry lives 9 f>ms or m9es into our great cities1 because !y l to be ne> ! !atre & ! racec\rse1 or because !y hope to gr[ ri* sudd5ly by "s =m ( gambl+4 ,! cure = a ta9t ( ?is k9d is n economical b religi\s1 & c only be f\nd1 ,i am conv9c$1 9 a return to ! mascul9e asceticism t has di/+ui%$ ! be/ days ( hi/ory1 ,puritan or ,republican4 ,?is is emphatically true ( ,au/ralia1 :]e & ( :i* ! words 7 fir/ spok52 & mascul9e asceticism ( ! ,puritan type w\ld cure _m ano!r evil !re besides ^!4 ,b ! same ?+ is true ev]y:]e2 & if religion is to cure slackness 9 social or political life1 h[ mu* m mu/ x cultivate ?is au/]e _s = itself6 ,! function ( ! ,*ur* is n to gov]n ! _w2 x seeks r to inspire ! _w4 ,x %\ld lead ! advance to a high]1 m ennobl+ life1 & %\ld exhibit t 9 its own collective action & 9 ! k9d ( "* x produces4 ,its greate/ gift to ! _w %\ld be itself1 & x is useful only :5 x is true to its own e?os & _s4 ,to keep t unimpair$ mu/ !re=e be its fir/ duty1 & to fulfil t duty x mu/ keep rigor\sly back f ev]y?+ :i*1 9 relation to its own exi/+ /ate1 w\ld be likely to l[] ! p[] ( its peculi> life4 ,! ,/ate mu/ (t5 compromise ) human frailty4 ,(t5 !re w be be=e ! legislator & ! /atesman only a *oice betwe5 two evils1 or at lea/ two undesirable c\rses1 unless a worse ?+ is to be tol]at$4 ,! ,*ur*1 on ! o!r h&1 %\ld keep close to ! ideal z x sees x4 ,its reason = exi/5ce is t x may hold up ! ideal to m51 & exhibit x z f> z t may be4 ,compromise 9 reg>d to t is impossible = ! ,*ur*1 = t w\ld be no?+ else ?an disloyalty to its own ess5tial pr9ciple4 ,! _s1 !re=e1 t inspir$ ! ban mu/ always be liv+ & p[]ful 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,:atev] is dang]\s to ! special ,*ri/ian life mu/ cease to exi/ = ,*ri/ians4 ,x %\ld be laid at ! feet ( _! ,div9e ,head1 t ,he may seclude x f ,8 p & r5d] x innocu\s4 ,_m ?+s t are h>mless or ev5 useful at a l[] level ( life mu/ be refus$ a place by ! ,*ri/ian4 ,gratifications t _c b seem good to o!rs mu/ be refus$ by him2 = he seeks to be 9 ! =efront ( ! battle aga9/ evil1 to be ! pione] to a m :ole-he>t$ spiritual life4 #fj ,! ,social ,movem5ts ( ! ,age1 by ,pr(essor ,pe>son1 ,melb\rne ,*ur* ,congress1 #ahhb4 ,b t does n imply t we %\ld seek to r5ew ! v>i\s imp]fect & ext]nal devices by :i* pa/ times s\ght to atta9 ?is exce$+ly desirable end4 ,exp]i5ce has taught ! folly & futility ( sumptu>y laws1 = example4 ,_! only effect 0 to d viol5ce to ! inw>dness :i* belongs ( necessity to spiritual life4 ,!y ext]nalis$ & deprav$ morality1 & f9ally defeat$ !mselves4 ,nor w\ld ! lat] ,puritanism1 ) its rigidity z reg>ds dress & deportm5t1 & its n>r[ & limit$ view ( life1 help u mu* m4 ,x began d\btless ) ! "r pr9ciple2 b x s\ght to b9d all to its obs]vances1 :e!r !y c>$ = ! _s ( !m or n2 & x %[$ a measureless intemp]ance 9 reg>d to ! ?+s :i* x decl>$ ho/ile to ! life ( fai?4 ,9 t =m x has be5 *>g$ ) isolation f human hi/ory1 human enjoym5t1 & all ! manifold play & v>iety ( human "*4 ,= a %ort "t1 h[ev]1 ,puritanism did /rike ! gold5 mean 9 ?is matt]1 & probably we c\ld n 9 ?is pres5t connection f9d a bett] example = mod]n days ?an 9 ! ,puritanism ( ,sp5s]1 ( ,colonel ,hut*9son 7"o ( ! regicides s call$71 & ( ,milton4 ,_! unit$ lives cov]$ ! h]oic p]iod ( ,puritanism1 & tak5 9 _! ord] !y repres5t v fairly its rise1 its be/ e/ate1 & its t5d5cies t[>ds h>% extremes1 :5 z yet x 0 b a t5d5cy4 ,sp5s]1 born 9 ! spaci\s times ( great ,elizabe?1 0 politically & nationally a ,puritan1 & 9 aim & ideal1 at lea/1 0 s 9 8 /]n view ( life & religion4#fa ,8 atta*m5t to ,"l ,grey ( ,wilton1 t p]sonally k9d yet absolutely ru?less executor ( ! ,engli% ban aga9/ ! untamable ,iri%1 & 8 def5ce ( 8 policy1 %[ ! "o2 :ile 8 ,fairy ,que51 ) its repres5tation ( religion z ! f\ndation ( all nobl5ess 9 man & its dwell+ ^u man's victory ov] himself1 reveals ! o!r4 ,b he _h 9 him also elem5ts belong+ to t /rangely m+l$ _w 9 :i* he liv$1 & :i* came f an entirely diff]5t s\rce4 ,he _h ! ,elizabe?an en?usiasm = beauty1 ! l>ge delight 9 life z su* ev5 :]e its moral quality 0 que/ionable1 & ! arti/'s s5sitiv5ess & adaptability 9 a v high degree4 ,^! div]se elem5ts 7 nev] fully int]fus$ 9 him4 ,amid all ! graci\s beauty ( 8 "w1 !re is ! trace ( discord & ! m>k ( conflict2 & at times p]haps 8 life fell into c\rses :i* spoke little ( self-control4 ,b 8 face 0 always 9 ! ma9 turn$ upw>ds4 ,9 ! ma91 too1 8 life correspond$ ) 8 aspirations4 ,he comb9$ 8 poetic gift1 8 love ( m5 & human life1 ) a fai?fulness to 8 ideal ( conduct :i*1 if n always p]fect1 0 s9c]e1 & 01 too1 z we may hope1 ultimately victori\s4 ,! ,puritan 9 him _h n entire victory ov] ! worldl+1 b x _h ! ma/]y2 & ! v imp]fection ( ! victory kept ! "* 9 sympa?y ) ! :ole ( life4 #fa ,vide ,*ur*'s ,sp5s]1 p4 #af4 ,9 ,colonel ,hut*9son1#fb z depict$ 9 t /ately & t5d] panegyric :i* speaks to u across m ?an two c5turies s pa!tically ( 8 wife's almo/ ador+ love1 we see ! ,puritan "* 9 its fulle/ & mo/ balanc$ =m4 ,we d n1 ( c\rse1 mean t 8 m9d _h ! imag9ative p[] ( ,sp5s]'s1 or 8 "* ! =ce ( ,milton's2 b p>tly f circum/ances1 p>tly by s+ul> grace ( nature1 8 "* possess$ a /ability & an equilibrium :i* _h n come :5 ,sp5s] liv$1 & :i* 0 beg9n+ to g 9 ! evil days ^u :i* ,milton fell4 ,at ! root ( all 8 virtues 8 wife sets t :i* 0 ! head & spr+ ( !m all1 8 ,*ri/ianity4 ,by ,*ri/ianity1 %e says1 ,i int5d t univ]sal habit ( grace :i* is wr\ght 9 a s\l by ! reg5]at+ ,_s ( ,god1 :]eby ! :ole creature is resign$ up into ! ,div9e w & love1 & all its actions design$ to ! ob$i5ce & glory ( its ,mak]4 ,he _h be5 tra9$ 9 a ,puritan home1 & ?\gh :5 he w5t out into ! _w he _h to face q ! av]age temptations ( a ri* & well-born y\?1 he fl$ all y\?ful lu/s4 ,b he did n retire f ! _w4 ,he c\ld dance admirably well1 b nei!r 9 y\? nor rip] ye>s made any practice ( x2 he _h skill 9 f5c+ su* z became a g5tleman2 he _h a great love to music1 & (t5 div]t$ himself ) a viol1 on :i* he play$ ma/]ly2 he _h an exact e>1 & judgm5t 9 o!r music2 he %ot excell5tly 9 b[s & guns1 & mu* us$ !m = 8 ex]cise2 he _h great judgm5t 9 pa9t+1 grav+1 sculpture1 & all lib]al arts1 & _h _m curiosities ( value 9 all k9ds4 ,he took mu* pleasure 9 improvem5t ( gr\nds1 9 plant+ groves & walks & fruit-trees1 9 op5+ spr+s & mak+ fi%ponds4 ,( c\ntry recreations he lov$ none b hawk+1 & 9 t 0 v eag]1 & mu* delight$ = ! "t he us$ x4 ,hut*9son 0 no ascetic1 !re=e1 9 ! wrong s5se1 b liv$ 9 & enjoy$ ! _w z a man %\ld4 ,b p]haps 8 greate/ div]g5ce f ! l[] ,puritanism lay 9 ?is1 t ev]y?+ t x 0 necess>y = him to d he did ) delight1 free & uncon/ra9$4 ,moreov]1 ?\gh he adopt$ /rong ,puritan op9ions 9 !ology1 he hat$ p]secution = religion1 & 0 always a *ampion = all religi\s p aga9/ all _! great oppressors4 ,nev]!less self-re/ra9t 0 ! law ( 8 life1 & he _m times =bore ?+s lawful & delightful to him1 r ?an he w\ld give any "o occasion ( sc&al4 ,9 public affairs he took ! c\rage\s "p ( a man :o s\ght no?+ = himself1 & 0 mov$ only by 8 hatr$ ( wrong to leave ! prosp]ity & peace ( 8 home-life4 ,he became a memb] ( ! ,c\rt :i* tri$ ! ,k+ aga9/ 8 w1 b sign$ ! w>rant = 8 dea?1 simply because he conceiv$ x to be 8 duty4 ,:5 ! ,re/oration came & he 0 *all5g$ = 8 conduct1 scorn+ ! subt]fuges ( "s :o decl>$ !y sign$ "u compulsion1 he quietly accept$ ! responsibility = 8 acts4 ,?is l$ to 8 dea? 9 ! fl[] ( 8 age1 ?r\gh imprisonm5t 9 ! ,t[]2 b he nev] fl9*$1 hav+ made up 8 acc\nts ) life & dea?1 & fix$ 8 purpose to ent]ta9 bo? hon\rably4 ,f ! beg9n+ ( 8 life to ! end !re 0 a consi/5t sanity1 :i* is r>e at any "t1 & 0 especially r>e 9 ^? days4 ,8 loyalty to ,god kept him au/]ely alo( f unwor?9ess1 :ile x seem$ to add ze/ to ! s9less joys :i* came 9 8 way4 ,above all1 x nev] suff]$ him to =get t ! true ,*ri/ian temp] & "* 0 ! pe>l ( price :i* all else he _h might lawfully be sacrific$ to pur*ase4 #fb ,memoirs ( ,colonel ,hut*9son1 by 8 wife4 ,9 ! "* ( ,milton we f9d ! same ess5tial elem5ts1 ! same purity 9 y\?1 :i*1 ) 8 beauty1 won = him ! "n ( ! ,lady ( 8 ,college2 ! same c\rage & public _s 9 manhood2 ! same love ( music & ( culture4 ,aft] 8 ,univ]sity c>e] he retir$ to 8 fa!r's h\se1 & read all ,greek & ,lat9 lit]ature1 z well z ,italian1 & /udi$ ,hebrew & "s o!r ,ori5tal languages4 ,all ! culture ( 8 "t1 !re=e1 0 absorb$ by him1 & 8 m9d & spee* 7 %ot ?r\gh & ?r\gh ) ! brilliant col\rs ( ! hi/ory & romance ( _m climes4 ,almo/ no k9d ( beauty fail$ to appeal to him1 b ! au/]ity ( 8 views ( life kept him f be+ enslav$ by x4 ,9 8 e>li] works ev51 he caught 9 a surpris+ way all ! gl[1 & spl5d\r1 & poetic f]v\r ( ! ,engli% ,r5aissance2 b he jo9$ ) x ! /]ne/ & mo/ uncompromis+ ,puritan morality1 n only 9 !ory & desire l ,sp5s]1 b 9 ! h>d practice ( actual life4 ,:5 ! idea ( duty comes to dom9ate a man1 ! grace & impetuosity ( y\?1 ! ov]ma/]+ love ( beauty1 & ! appreciation ( ! m]e joy ( liv+ are apt to die away1 & ! poetic fire burns l[4 ,b x 0 n s ) ,milton4 ,to ! end ( 8 life he rema9$ a true ,elizabe?an1 b an ,elizabe?an :o _h always kept himself free f ! *a9s ( s5sual vice1 & _h nev] /a9$ 8 purity ( s\l4 ,t fact makes him unique almo/ 9 ,engli% hi/ory1 & has ev]y:]e add$ a t\* ( ! sublime to all t 8 works h ( beauty4 ,8 s\l 0 l a />1 & dwelt ap>t3 & we may entirely believe :at he tells u ( himself :5 he return$ f 8 ,european travels3 ,9 all ! places 9 :i* vice meets ) s little disc\ragem5t1 & is protect$ ) s little %ame1 ,i nev] once turn$ f ! pa? ( integrity & virtue1 & p]petually reflect$ t1 ?\gh my conduct might escape ! notice ( m51 x c\ld n elude ! inspection ( ,god4 ,l ! true ,puritan he 01 ,milton n only ov]came evil 9 himself1 b he ?\ght 8 own life & heal? a *eap price to pay = ! ov]?r[ ( evil :]ev] he saw x4 ,:5 ! civil w> broke out1 he return$ at once f 8 travels1 to help to "r ! wrongs ( 8 c\ntry4 ,9 ! s]vice ( ! ,gov]nm5t he sacrific$ 8 poetic gift1 8 leisure = tw5ty ye>s1 & f9ally 8 sight1 to ! task ( def5d+ ,engl& f h] enemies4 ,b he did n /op !re4 ,8 sev]ity became excessive1 at times almo/ v9dictive4 ,:5 he wrote prose he sc>cely ev] wrote )\t hav+ an enemy to cru%1 & mu* t he utt]$ 9 ?is ve9 _c possibly be approv$4 ,8 pamphlets are unfair to a degree :i* %[s t 8 m9d _h lo/ balance 9 ! turmoil ( ! great /ruggle1 s t he approa*$ at mom5ts ! n>r[] ,puritanism4 ,b he /ill prov$ himself too great = t1 & em]g$ anew z a great & l(ty _s1 held d[n v little by e>?ly bonds1 & /r5u\sly set aga9/ evil z a true s]vant ( ,god4 ,n[ ! temp] ( ,puritanism su* z ?is ( ^! old ,engli% wor?ies is precisely :at ,*ri/ians ne$ mo/ to cultivate 9 ^! days4 ,!y mu/ be animat$ by ! _s :i* refuses to t\*1 & ref]s to ,god1 :atev] proves ho/ile to life 9 ,god2 b !y mu/ also comb9e ) ?is alo(ness a sympa!tic hold on ord9>y life4 ,x is easy on ! "o h& to solve all problems by cutt+ oneself (f f any relation ) ! _w1 le/ ! inn] life %\ld suff]4 ,x is also easy to let ! inn] life take c>e ( itself1 & to float bli!ly on ) all ! curr5ts ( life :i* are n deadly s9s4 ,b x is n easy to keep ! m9d & life op5 to all ! great life-/reams :i* t5d to deep5 & enri* human nature1 & yet to /& firm 9 self-control1 det]m9$ t no?+ :i* drags d[n ! s\l %all be p]mitt$ to fasc9ate or ov]p[]4 ,to ?is task ,*ri/ian m5 & ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* seem at pres5t to be specially call$4 ,x is admitt$ on all h&s t ! ord9>y ,puritanism became too intol]ant ( all except spiritual int]e/s2 s t x c\ld n1 )\t inf9ite loss1 h be5 accept$ z ! guide = all life4 ,b h5ce :at 0 good 9 x has be5 reject$ along ) ! bad2 & x ne$s to be re/or$1 if a weak1 self-indulg5t temp]1 :i* res5ts h>d%ip or ev5 discipl9e1 is n to ga9 ! upp] h&4 ,9 social life especially ?is is ne$ful1 o!rwise s mu* debate w\ld nev] h be5 exp5d$ on ! "q ( amusem5ts4 ,on ! face ( x1 a ,*ri/ianity :i* c g ) ! _w 9 all ^? ( its amusem5ts :i* are n actually =bidd5 by ! moral law mu/ be a l[ type ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,x c be consci\s ( no special "* :i* x has to pres]ve1 ( no special voice :i* x has to utt] 9 ! antiphony ( creat$ ?+s4 ,:atev] o!rs all[ !mselves1 !re=e1 ! vigilant ,*ri/ian mu/ see to x t he does no?+ :i* w de/roy 8 special contribution to ! _w he lives 94 ,x is precisely by t t he is ! salt ( ! e>?2 & if ! salt h lo/ its sav\r :]e) w y season x8 ,no price is too great = ! pres]vation ( ?is sav\r1 & 9 ref]5ce to ! c>e ( x ea* man mu/ ultimately be a law unto himself4 ,no "o else c really tell :]e 8 weakness lies4 ,no "o else c "k :at ! effect ( ?is or t recreation ^u t weakness is4 ,:5 m5 lose spiritual t\* ) _! own "* !y are apt to ?r[ !mselves back = guidance 9 su* matt]s ^u ! g5]al op9ion ( ! ,*ri/ian community1 or ! tradition ( ! eld]s4 ,9 do+ s !y are 9 dang] ( los+ s9c]ity 9 a mass ( =malism4 ,b if a vivid appreh5sion ( ! ne$ ( individuality 9 ! regulation ( life is ma9ta9$1 ! =mulat$ ,*ri/ian objection to c]ta9 cu/oms or c]ta9 amusem5ts may be a mo/ useful sub/itute = pa9ful exp]i5ce ( our own4 ,"s su* amusem5ts may h be5 bann$ 9 ! pa/ )\t suffici5t reason2 or !y may h be5 exclud$ only because ( ! special op5ness to temptation ( a c]ta9 community2 or !y may h s *ang$ _! "* t !y d n n[ des]ve ! ban :i* 0 laid ^u !m once ju/ly en\gh4 ,any plea1 !re=e1 = ! revisal or abolition ( /&+ conv5tions on su* gr\nds mu/ be li/5$ to & judg$4 ,b1 on ! :ole1 ^! /&+ prohibitions ( ! ,*ur* repres5t accumulat$ exp]i5ce1 & all "y p especially w d wisely n to break away f !m4 ,:at ! mass ( ,*ri/ians 9 ! pa/ h f\nd hurtful to ! ,*ri/ian "* w 9 mo/ cases be hurtful /ill4 ,= if x c be said ( ! secul> _w 9 all matt]s ( exp]i5ce t ?is wise _w is ma9ly "r1 x may surely be said also ( ! ,*ri/ian community4 ,9 our "t !re is a q ju/ifiable di/ru/ ( conv5tionality 9 morals & 9 religion2 b x %\ld n be =gott5 t conv5tions are n op5 to ! same objection4 ,!y repres5t1 on ! :ole1 m]ely ! regi/]$ results ( actual exp]i5ce1 & !y may be e/imat$ & foll[$ 9 an entirely free _s4 ,x is n wise1 !re=e1 to revolt aga9/ !m indiscrim9ately1 m]ely because !y may be us$ cruelly aga9/ o!rs1 or may be tak5 z a sub/itute = a moral nature by oneself4 ,?ack]ay 9 8 con/ant rail+ at ! judgm5t ( ! _w seems to make ?is mi/ake4 ,he is nev] we>y 9 po9t+ out h[ unju/ ! broad g5]al judgm5ts ( ! _w are to specially select$ individuals4 ,h>ry ,w>r+ton 9 ,! ,virg9ians1 = in/ance1 ?\gh innoc5t1 lives 9 a mann] & ) associates :i* ! _w has g5]ally f\nd to indicate intol]able moral laxity2 & because ! _w 0 wrong 9 ?9k+ t to be true 9 8 case :i* w\ld h be5 true 9 n9ety-five out ( a hundr$ simil> cases1 ! morali/ rails at ! evil-he>t$ judgm5ts ( ! _w4 ,b ?is wise _w is ma9ly "r1 & its r\gh & indiscrim9at+ judgm5ts fit ! av]age case4 ,!y are "p ( ! great sanit>y provision :i* society makes = its own pres]vation4 ,& ! case is precisely simil> ) ! conv5tions ( ! religi\s life4 ,!y too are 9 ! ma9 sanit>y precautions1 :i* a consci5ce ?or\ghly alive & a /rong intellig5ce may make sup]flu\s1 b :i* = ! un=m$1 ! half-ignorant1 ! less orig9al natures1 9 a ^w1 = av]age m5 & wom51 are absolutely necess>y4 ,spontaneity & fre$om are admirable qualities 9 morals & religion4 ,!y are ev5 ! conditions ( ! highe/ k9ds ( moral & religi\s life1 & ! necess>y presuppositions ( heal? & progress4 ,b some?+ is due to /ability z well2 & a _w ( orig9al & spontane\s morali/s1 tru/+ only to _! own g5ial s5se ( tru?1 w\ld be a madd5+ *aos4 ,9 o!r words1 conv5tions if us$ unconv5tionally1 if n exalt$ into absolute moral laws disob$i5ce to :i* excludes f reputable society1 if tak5 simply z indications ( ! pa?s 9 :i* lea/ dang] to ! high] life has be5 f\nd to lie1 are guides = :i* m5 may well be ?ankful4 ,9 ! _w ( ?\ght too1 z well z 9 ! _w ( action1 a wise au/]ity ( self-control is absolutely necess>y4 ,! prevail+ !ory is t e "o1 "y m5 m especially1 %\ld read on all sides on all que/ions1 & t !y %\ld "k & sympa?ise ) all modes ( ?\ght4 ,?is is advocat$ 9 ! suppos$ int]e/s ( fre$om f ext]nal dom9ation & f int]nal prejudice4 ,b 9 a great numb] ( cases ! result does n foll[4 ,su* ca?olicity ( ta/e does produce a curi\s dilettante int]e/ 9 l9es ( ?\ght1 b z a rule x weak5s int]e/ 9 tru? z su*4 ,x deliv]s f ! dom9ation ( a ,*ur* or o!r hi/oric au?ority2 b only1 9 mo/ cases1 to h& ov] ! suppos$ freeman to ! n>r[] dom9ation ( ! ?9k] or s*ool by :i* he happ5s to be mo/ impress$4 ,= x is va9 & impot5t to suppose t 9 reg>d to morals & religion e m9d is able to f9d its way by free ?\ght1 :5 9 reg>d to bodily heal?1 or ev5 9 que/ions ( f9ance1 ! free ?\ght ( ! amateur is ackn[l$g$ to end usually 9 confusion4 ,^? only c usefully expose _! m9ds to all ! v>i\s curr5ts ( mod]n ?\ght :o h a cle> foot+ ( _! own4 ,:atev] t may be1 x gives !m a po9t on :i* to /&1 & a vantage-gr\nd f :i* !y c ga!r up :at wid5s or corrects _! view4 ,b to leave ! l& altoge!r1 & commit oneself to ! curr5ts1 is to r5d] any aft]-l&+ all b impossible4 ,) reg>d to ! books read1 ! l9es ( ?\ght foll[$1 & ! associations =m$1 ! ,*ri/ian mu/ ex]cise self-d5ial & self-exam9ation4 ,:atev] is manife/ly detrim5tal to 8 be/ life1 :atev] he feels to be likely to ta9t ! purity ( 8 m9d or l[] 8 spiritual vitality1 %\ld be put "u ! ban1 %\ld be resolutely avoid$ 9 all ord9>y cases4 ,( c\rse modes ( ?\ght t des]ve to be weigh$ may be f\nd m+l$ ) su* elem5ts2 also views ( life :i* h a tru? & importance ( _! own1 ?\gh _! sett+ is corrupt4 ,b x is n e "o's bus9ess to extricate & discuss ^!4 ,^? :o are call$ to x w h to d x2 & 9 do+ x z a duty !y may expect to be kept f ! lurk+ contagion4 ,e "o else :o inve/igates !m runs a risk :i* he 0 n call$ ^u to run4 ,! av]age ,*ri/ian %\ld1 !re=e1 note all t t5ds to /unt or deprave him spiritually1 & %\ld avoid x4 ,x is n manl9ess b folly :i* makes m5 read fil?y lit]ature because ( its /yle1 or sceptical lit]ature because ( its ability1 :5 !y are n call$ ^u to d s1 & :5 !y h n =tifi$ !mselves by ! purity ( ! ,scriptures & ! p[] ( pray]4 ,to make su* lit]ature or su* modes ( ?\ght our /aple m5tal food1 or to make ! writ]s or admir]s ( su* books our intimate fri5ds1 is to sap our own be/ convictions & to disreg>d our high call+4 ,la/ly1 h[ev] common x may be = m5 to sit d[n 9 selfi% isolation & devote !mselves to _! own int]e/s1 ev5 ?\gh ^! be spiritual1 9 ! face ( rem$iable evils1 t is n ! ,*ri/ian mann] ( act+4 ,( ! great ,puritans we m5tion$1 ,sp5s] endur$ h>dness 9 t t]rible ,iri% w> :i* ! m5 ( ,elizabe?'s day reg>d$ z ! w> ( good aga9/ evil2 ,hut*9son f\ght = & di$ 9 ! cause ( political & religi\s fre$om2 & ,milton devot$ 8 life & heal? to ! same cause4 ,all ( !m1 ! two latt] especially1 might h kept out ( x all1 9 ! peace & com=t ( private life2 b !y judg$ t ! de/ruction ( evil 0 _! fir/ duty4 ,at ! trumpet call !y will+ly took _! side1 & prep>$ to give _! lives1 if necess>y1 = ! righte\s cause4 ,n[ x is n en\gh = u to avoid evil any m ?an x 0 = !m4 ,?\gh p]sonal influ5ce & example are und\bt$ly among ! mo/ pot5t weapons 9 ! w>f>e = ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 !re mu/ be1 besides ^!1 ! p[] & ! w to put public evils "u ! ban4 ,:atev] in/itution or cu/om or law is ungodly1 :atev] 9 our social life is manife/ly unju/1 %\ld /ir ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* to revolt aga9/ x1 & %\ld fill ! he>t ( ! individual ,*ri/ian ) an undy+ en]gy ( hatr$4 ,x is n meant t ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*es z su* %\ld trans=m !mselves into political societies or social clubs4 ,to d t w\ld simply be to abdicate _! only real functions4 ,b !y %\ld be ! s\rces ( su* tea*+ z w turn m5's ?\ghts t[>ds social ju/ice & political righte\sness1 & %\ld prep>e !m = ! sacrifice :i* any great improvem5t 9 ! social /ate mu/ dem& ( "s4 ,fur!r1 e individual ,*ri/ian %\ld feel t 8 responsibility = ! condition ( 8 bre?r51 ^? ( 8 own nation1 is v great & direct2 t to dis*>ge municipal & political duty ) consci5ti\s c>e is a prim>y obligation4 ,only s c ! p[] be ga9$ to ban ! bad laws1 ! unju/ practices1 ! evil social cu/oms1 :i* disfigure our civilisation1 :i* degrade & defraud ! poor4 ,a militant ,puritanism "h is n only a necessity = fur!r social progress1 b x is also a necessity = ! full exhibition ( ! p[] & ! ess5tial sympa?ies ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,= want ( x ! work+ classes 9 _! movem5t upw>d h n only be5 ali5at$ f ! ,*ur*es1 b !y h le>n$ to dem& ( _! lead]s t !y %all c\nt5ance ! poor man 9 8 cause4 ,!y are tempt$ to require _! lead]s to %>e n only _! common pr9ciples1 b _! prejudices2 & !y (t5 look ) suspicion ^u ^? :o insi/ ^u apply+ ! plumb-l9e ( ju/ice to ! dem&s ( ! poor z well z to ! claims ( ! ri*4 ,! :ole popul> movem5t suff]s1 = x is degrad$ f its true position4 ,f be+ a dem& = ju/ice1 x becomes a scramble = p[]--p[] too :i*1 :5 ga9$1 is sometimes us$ z selfi%ly & tyrannically by its new possessors z x sometimes 0 by ^? :o previ\sly ex]cis$ x4 ,into all bran*es ( public life !re is ne$$ an infusion ( a new & high] _s4 ,we want m5 :o hate evil & w de/roy x :]e !y c1 :o seek no?+ = !mselves1 :o feel /rongly t ! k9d ( life ! poor 9 civilis$ c\ntries live is intol]ably h>d1 & are prep>$ to suff]1 if by any means !y may improve x4 ,b we want at ! same "t a type ( re=m] :o1 by 8 hold ^u a p[] ly+ beyond ?is _w1 is kept /eady to ju/ice ev5 :]e ! poor are conc]n$1 :o1 ?\gh he passionately longs = a bett] life = !m1 does n make m food1 m leisure1 m amusem5t1 8 highe/ aim4 ,m5 are ne$$ :o ?9k m nobly ( _! bre?r5 ?an t3 m51 on ! "o h&1 :o "k t ! ,*ri/ian "* & ! ,*ri/ian virtues may exi/ "u ! h>de/ conditions1 & t ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* exi/s ma9ly to bright5 & rob ( its degradation ! o!rwise *e]less life ( ! multitude2 b1 on ! o!r1 :o recognise t our pres5t social /ate is fatal 9 _m ways to moral & spiritual progress = ! mass ( m51 & mu/ be 9 "s way reca/4 ,all ?is means ! entrance into public life ( ,*ri/ian m5 ( ! highe/ type4 ,su* m5 ! ,*ri/ian community mu/ supply to ! ,/ate 9 great numb]s1 if ! high] *>act]i/ics ( our p are n to be lo/4 ,?r\gh a long & ev5tful hi/ory1 by ! manifold tra9+ af=d$ by religion & exp]i5ce1 ! ,engli% nation has become /rong1 pati5t1 hopeful1 & self-reliant1 ) an in/9ct = ju/ice & a hatr$ ( viol5ce :i* _c easily be p>allel$4 ,x has1 too1 reta9$ a fai? 9 & respect = religion :i* _m o!r nations seem to h lo/4 ,t "* is its highe/ a*ievem5t1 & its decay w\ld be deplorable4 ,*ri/ianity is specially call$ to help to pres]ve x1 by br++ to its aid ! p[] ( its own special "*1 ) its great spiritual res\rces4 ,! s\rces ( its life are hid1 & mu/ be kept pure2 ! p[] ( its life mu/ be made manife/ 9 actual union ) ! high] elem5ts 9 ! national "* = mutual def5ce4 ,above all1 ,*ri/ianity mu/ n1 timidly or sluggi%ly1 draw ^u itself ! curse ( ,m]oz by n com+ to ! help ( ! ,"l aga9/ ! mighty4 ,nor c x p]mit ! imm$iate int]e/s ( ! respectable to bl9d or hold x back4 ,t :i* is be/ 9 its own nature dem&s all ?is2 & 9 seek+ to answ] t dem& ! ,*ur*es w atta9 to a q new life & p[]4 ,! ,"l _! ,god w be 9 ! mid/ ( !m1 & !y w feel x2 = !y w !n h made !mselves *annels = ! ,div9e purity & p[]4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,! ,,bread ,,( ,,! ,,s\l ,,deut4 viii4 ,9 ! *apt]s :i* foll[1 viz4 viii41 ix41 & x4 #a-aa1 we h an appeal to hi/ory z a motive = fulfill+ ! fundam5tal duty ( lov+ ,god & keep+ ,8 comm&m5ts4 ,9 its ma9 po9ts x is sub/antially ! same appeal :i* is made 9 *apt]s i4-iii41 is1 9 fact1 a cont9uation ( x4 ,its ma9 *>act]i/ics1 !re=e1 h already be5 dealt )2 b !re are details "h :i* des]ve m m9ute /udy4 ,com+ aft] ,yahweh's great dem& = ! love ( ,8 p1 ! ref]5ces to ! ,div9e action 9 ! pa/ assume a deep] & m affectionate "* ?an :5 !y 7 m]e g5]al exhortations to ob$i5ce & submission4 ,!y become inducem5ts to ! highe/ ef=ts ( love2 & ! fir/ appeal is naturally made to ! graci\s & fa!rly deal+ ( ,yahweh ) ,8 p 9 _! j\rney ?r\gh ! wild]ness4 ,( all ! traditions or rem9isc5ces ( ,israel1 ?is ( ! wild]ness 0 ! mo/ con/antly pres5t to ! popul> m9d1 & x is always ref]r$ to z ! mo/ c]ta91 ! mo/ impressive1 & ! mo/ t\*+ ( all ,israel's hi/oric exp]i5ces4 ,yet ,/ade & o!rs pu% ! :ole episode aside1 say+1 if any ,israelites came out ( ,egypt1 we d n "k :o !y 74 ,su* a mode ( deal+ ) cle>1 coh]5t1 & 9 !mselves n improbable hi/orical memories1 is too arbitr>y to h mu* effect1 & ! wild]ness j\rney rema9s1 & is likely to rema91 "o ( ! indubitable facts :i* mod]n critical rese>* has e/abli%$ r ?an %ak54 ,to ?is1 !n1 our au?or turns1 & he deals ) x 9 a some:at unusual way4 ,z we h se51 ! preval5t notion t piety & righte\sness are rew>d$ ) mat]ial prosp]ity is firmly root$ 9 8 m9d4 ,b he did n feel himself limit$ to t z ! solit>y "r way ( reg>d+ ! provid5ce ( ,god4 ,m5's m9ds are nev] q s simple & direct 9 _! action z _m /ud5ts & critics are tempt$ to suppose4 ,e great conception :i* holds ! m9ds ( m5 produces its effects1 ev5 f ! fir/ mom5t x is grasp$1 by all t is 9 x4 ,implications & developm5ts :i* are made explicit1 or are call$ out into visibility1 only by ! friction ( new environm5ts1 h be5 !re f ! beg9n+2 & m9ds h be5 secretly m\ld$ by !m ?\gh !y 7 n consci\s ( !m4 ,h>d & fa/ l9es1 !n1 are n to be drawn betwe5 ! /ages ( a great developm5t1 s t "o %\ld say t be=e su* & su* a mom5t1 :5 a new aspect ( ! old tru? has em]g$ into consci\sness1 t aspect 0 n effective 9 any wise4 ,! outbur/ ( wat]s f a res]voir is indubitable evid5ce ( /eady p]si/5t pressure f )9 9 t direction be=e ! ov]fl[4 ,simil>ly1 9 ! region ( ?\ght & feel+ ! em]g5ce ( a new aspect ( tru? is ( itself a pro( t ! hold]s ( ! root conception 7 already sway$ 9 t direction4 ,! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity af=ds pro( ( ?is4 ,x is a commonplace to-day t ! _w is only beg9n+ to d ju/ice to "s aspects ( ! tea*+ ( our ,"l4 ,b ! tea*+1 always pres5t1 always ex]t$ its influ5ce1 & 0 felt be=e x c\ld be expla9$4 ,9 ! ,old ,te/am5t developm5t ! same ?+ 0 mo/ emphatically true4 ,individual responsibility to ,god 0 n1 s f> z we c n[ see1 di/9ctly pres5t 9 ,israelite religi\s ?\ght till ! "t ( ,j]emiah1 b x w\ld be absurd to say t any m9d t accept$ ! religion ( ,yahweh _h ev] be5 )\t t feel+4 ,s ) ! doctr9e ( ,god's provid5ce ov] m53 we are n to say t be=e ! ,book ( ,job ! explanation ( suff]+ z te/+ discipl9e _h be5 entirely hid f ,israel1 by ! view t mat]ial prosp]ity & adv]sity 7 regulat$ 9 ! ma9 accord+ to moral & religi\s life4 ,consequ5tly1 not)/&+ previ\s /rong ass]tions ( ! latt] view :i* we f9d 9 ,deut]onomy1 we ne$ n be 9 ! lea/ surpris$ to f9d t "h ! h>d%ips ( ! wild]ness j\rney are reg>d$1 n z a puni%m5t = ,israel's s9s1 b simply z a trial or te/ to see :at _! he>t 0 t[>ds ,him4 ,?is is ess5tially ! po9t ( view ( ! ,book ( ,job1 ! only diff]5ce be+ t "h x is appli$ to ! nation1 !re to ! individual4 ,b our *apt] rises ev5 above t1 = ! fir/ v]ses ( x pla9ly tea* t ! exp]i5ces ( ! wild]ness 7 made to be :at !y 71 9 ord] t ! p might le>n to "k ! spiritual =ces ( ! _w to be ! ess5tial =ces1 & t !y might be induc$ to ?r[ !mselves back ^u !m z t :i* is alone endur+4 ,9 ! words ( v]4 #c1 !y 7 taught by ?is tra9+ t man does n live by bread alone1 b by ev]y?+ t proce$s f ! m\? ( ,god4 ,^! two !n1 t h>d%ip 0 te/+ discipl9e = ,israel1 & t x 0 also int5d$ to be ! means ( reveal+ _s z ! supreme =ce ev5 9 ! mat]ial _w1 are ! ma9 lessons ( ! eigh? *apt]4 ,( ^! ! la/ is by f> ! mo/ important4 ,ca/+ back 8 eye ^u ! pa/1 ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy tea*es t ! trials & ! victories1 ! wond]s & ! t]rors ( _! wild]ness "t 7 meant to humble !m1 to empty !m ( _! own conceits1 & to make !m "k beyond all d\bt+ t ,god alone 0 _! portion1 & t ap>t f ,him !y _h no c]ta9ty ( cont9uance 9 ! future & no su/a9m5t 9 ! pres5t4 ,all ! comm&m5t :i* ,i comm& !e ?is day %all ye obs]ve to d1 t ye may live1 is ! fundam5tal note1 & ! physical ne$s & trials ( ! "t are cit$ z an object-lesson to t effect4 ,he humbl$ !e1 & suff]$ !e to hung]1 & f$ !e ) manna :i* ?\ knewe/ n2 t ,he might make !e to "k t man do? n live by bread alone1 b by ev]y?+ t proce$e? out ( ! m\? ( ,yahweh do? man live4 ,( c\rse ! fir/ ref]5ce ( ! ev]y?+ t proce$e? is to ! creative ^w ( ,yahweh4 ,! mean+ is t ! s5d+ ( ! manna 0 pro( t ! ord9>y means ( liv+1 i4e4 bread1 c\ld be disp5s$ ) :5 ,yahweh *ose to make use ( ,8 creative p[]4 ,_m comm5tators ?9k t ?is exhau/s ! mean+ ( ! passage1 & !y reg>d our ,"l's use ( ^! words 9 ! ,temptation z limit$ 9 ! same fa%ion4 ,b bo? "h & 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t m mu/ be int5d$4 ,"h we h ! /atem5t 9 ! fir/ v]se t ,israel is to keep ! comm&m5ts1 :i* c]ta9ly are a "p ( all t proce$s f ! m\? ( ,god1 t !y may live4 ,?is implies t ! m]e possession ( mat]ial su/5ance is n en\gh = ev5 e>?ly life4 ,impalpable spiritual elem5ts mu/ be m+l$ ) bread if life is n to decay4 ,?is1 our *apt] goes on to say1 w\ld be pla9 to !m if !y w\ld c>efully consid] ,god's deal+ ) !m 9 ! wild]ness1 = ! s5d+ ( ! manna 0 meant to emphasise & br+ home to !m t v tru?4 ,x 0 meant1 9 %ort1 to convey a d\ble lesson--! direct "o above ref]r$ to1 & ! m remote b deep] "o :i* _h be5 ass]t$ 9 ! fir/ v]se4 ,9 ! ,temptation n>rative ! same deep] mean+ is surely impli$4 ,! temptation sugge/$ to ,jesus 0 t ,he %\ld use ! miracul\s p[]s giv5 to ,him = special purposes to make /ones into bread = ,himself4 ,n[ t w\ld h be5 precisely an in/ance ( ! lit]al prim>y mean+ ( our passage2 x w\ld h be5 a case ( supply+ ! abs5ce ( bread by ! use ( ! creative ^w ( ,god4 ,to meet t temptation & to put x aside our ,"l uses ^! words3 ,x is writt51 ,man %all n live by bread alone1 b by e ^w t proce$e? out ( ! m\? ( ,god4 ,!reupon ,he 0 no m importun$ to supply ! place ( bread by a creative ^w4 ,! implication is t ! life ( ! ,son ( ,god f\nd su/5ance 9 spiritual /r5g? d]iv$ f ,8 ,fa!r4 ,9 o!r words1 ! passage is really p>allel to ,john iv4 #ca ff3 ,9 ! mean :ile ! disciples pray$ ,him1 say+1 ,rabbi1 eat4 ,b ,he said unto !m1 ,i h meat to eat t ye "k n4 ,! disciples !re=e said "o to ano!r1 ,ha? any man br\ght ,him to eat8 ,jesus sai? unto !m1 ,my meat is to d ! w ( ,him t s5t ,me1 & to accompli% ,8 "w4 ,und]/&+ x ?us1 ! ,temptation passage is entirely 9 accord ) t f :i* x is quot$1 if ! fir/ & ?ird v]ses be tak5 toge!r4 ,bo? tea* t abundance ( mat]ial res\rces1 all t visibly su/a9s ! mat]ial life1 is n suffici5t = ! life ( su* a creature z man4 ,n only 8 inn] life1 b 8 out] life1 is dep5d5t = its p]man5ce ^u ! infl[ ( spiritual su/5ance f ! spiritual ,god4 ,= animals1 bread might be en\gh2 b man holds ( bo? ! spiritual & ! mat]ial z animals d n4 ,x is n m]e my?ical dream+ :5 man is said to be made 9 ! image ( ,god2 x expresses ! ess5tial fact ( 8 be+4 ,consequ5tly1 )\t inbrea?+s f ! spiritual1 ev5 8 physical life p9es & dies4 ,b h[ wond]ful is ?is insight 9 a writ] s anci5t1 belong+ to s obscure a p z ! ,jews6 ,h[ c we acc\nt = x8 ,!re 0 no?+ 9 _! "* or de/9y z a p to expla9 x1 ap>t f ! sup]natural l9k t b9ds !m & _! ?\ghts at all times to ! com+ ,*ri/1 & draws !m1 not)/&+ all ab]rations1 ev5 :5 !y "k x n1 t[>ds ,him4 ,h[ great an atta9m5t x is we may see1 if we reflect = a mom5t ^u ! /ate ( ,*ri/ian ,europe at ! pres5t day4 ,n[h]e among ! masses ( ! mo/ cultur$ nations is ?is deeply simple tru? accept$ by ! va/ majority ( m54 ,n[h]e d we f9d t hi/ory has succe$$ 9 br++ x home to ! consci5ce z a commonplace4 ,! ri* or well-to-d cl+ to ri*es1 ! means ( mat]ial enjoym5t1 z if _! life did consi/ 9 ! abundance ( ?+s !y possess4 ,!y /rive & /ruggle = !m ) an indu/ry1 a =e?\ght1 a p]sev]ance1 :i* w\ld be ju/ifi$ only if man c\ld live by bread alone4 ,t is l>gely ! condition ( ^? :o h bread 9 abundance or hope to ga9 x abundantly4 ,) ^? :o d n h x ! case is p]haps ev5 worse4 ,worn & frett$ by ! hopeless /ruggle aga9/ pov]ty1 driv5 wild by ! exig5cies ( a daily life s ne> />vation po9t t a /rike1 a fall 9 prices1 a mon?'s sickness1 br+ !m face to face ) mis]y1 ! toil+ masses 9 ,europe h turn$ ) a k9d ( wolfi% impati5ce ^u ^? :o talk ( ,god to !m1 & dem& bread4 ,z a ,g]man ,sociali/ "m said publicly "s ye>s ago1 ,he has nev] giv5 me a m\?ful ( bread1 or means to ga9 x3 :at h ,i to d ) y\r ,god8 ,_! only hope = ! future is t !y may eat & be full2 & ( ?is !y h made a political & religi\s ideal :i* is attract+ ! ,european work+ classes ) mo/ port5t\s p[]4 ,9 all c\ntries m5 are passionately ass]t+ t man c live by bread alone1 & t he w4 ,= ?is dreadful cre$ increas+ numb]s are prep>$ to sacrifice all t humanity ?\ght x _h ga9$1 & %ut _! e>s to any :o w>n !m t1 if !y _h all !y seek1 e>? might be /ill m ( a ,p&emonium ?an !y ?9k x at pres5t4 ,b !y h mu* excuse4 ,!y h nev] _h weal? s z to "k h[ v little x c d = ! deepe/ ne$s ( m52 & _! fai? 9 x1 _! belief t if !y 7 assur$ ( a com=table ma9t5ance all w\ld be "r ) ! _w1 is pa!tic 9 its simplicity4 ,yet ! secret t is hid to-day f ! mass ( m5 0 kn[n among ! small ,israelite p two ?\s& five hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,s9ce !n x has =m$ ! v keynote ( ! tea*+ ( our ,"l2 b save by ! g5]ations ( ,*ri/ians :o h f\nd 9 x ! key to mu* ( ! riddle ( ! _w x has be5 le>n$ by nobody4 ,yet hi/ory has nev] we>i$ 9 proclaim+ ! same tru?4 ,israel z we h se51 _h v]ifi$ x 9 ! hi/ory ( ! pre-,canaanite races ^: disappe>ance is record$ 9 ! fir/ section ( our book1 & 9 ! doom :i* 0 imp5d+ ov] ! ,canaanites4 ,b to our wid] exp]i5ce1 enri*$ by ! *anges ( m ?an two ?\s& ye>s1 & by ! /ill m /rik+ vicissitudes ( anci5t days reveal$ by ar*ology1 ! fact t intellig5ce ( ! highe/ k9d1 practical skill1 & ! c\rage ( conqu]ors _c secure life1 is only m impressively br\ght home4 ,if we g back to ! pre-,semitic empire ( ,mesopotamia1 to :at is call$ ! ,akkadian "t1 we f9d t1 be=e ! days ( ,abraham1 a great civilisation _h aris51 fl\ri%$ = m ?an "o ?\s& ye>s1 & !n decay$ s utt]ly t ! v language 9 :i* its records 7 writt5 _h to be dealt ) by ! ,semites1 :o inh]it$ ! =m] culture1 z we deal ) ,lat94 ,yet ^! e>ly p _h made a mo/ a/oni%+ advance into ! ocean ( unkn[n tru?4 ,!y _h inv5t$ writ+2 !y _h elaborate sy/ems ( law & social life2 !y _h 9 o!r directions made rem>kable discov]ies 9 sci5ce1 especially 9 ma!matical & a/ronomical sci5ce1 & _h built great cities 9 :i* ! ref9em5t & art ( mod]n times 0 9 _m directions anticipat$4 ,9 all ways !y /ood f> high] above neighb\r+ peoples ?an any civilis$ nation ( ,europe /&s n[ 9 comp>ison ) its neighb\rs4 ,b if !y 7 at all incl9$ to put _! tru/ 9 ! immortality ( sci5ce1 if !y ev] valu$ !mselves1 z we d1 on ! /r5g? ( ! advances !y _h made1 "t has _h !m 9 d]ision4 ,v mu* ( :at !y knew _h to be r$iscov]$ pa9fully 9 lat] times4 ,_! v "n p]i%$ out ( ! e>?2 & x has be5 discov]$ n[ to make !m an object ( abid+ int]e/ only to ! few :o make e?nology _! /udy4 ,nei!r mat]ial weal? & com=t nor assidu\s culture ( ! m9d c\ld save !m4 ,= _! religion & morals 71 amid all ?is mat]ial success1 ( ! l[e/ type4 ,!y he>d little ( :at issues f ! m\? ( ,god 9 ! specially ,div9e sph]e ( morality1 & did n give he$ to t little1 & !y p]i%$4 ,= man does n live by bread alone1 b by t also1 & neglect ( x is fatal4 ,x may be said t !y fl\ri%$ = m ?an a ?\s& ye>s1 & neglect ( ! ,div9e ^w1 if x be a poison1 mu/ 7z ,fnlon said ( c(fee7 be a v sl[ "o1 s f> z nations are conc]n$4 ,b x has always be5 a sn>e to m5 to mi/ake ! ,div9e pati5ce = ,div9e indiff]5ce & inaction4 ,! movem5t1 ?\gh to u creatures ( a day x seems sl[1 is z cont9u\s1 z cru%+1 & z rel5tless z ! movem5t ( a glaci]4 ,! mills ( ,god gr9d sl[ly1 b !y gr9d exce$+ small1 & all along ! ages !y h ?r[n out ! cru%$ & scatt]$ fragm5ts ( ! p[]s t 7 deaf to ! ,div9e voice4 ,s p]si/5tly has ?is appe>$ t x w\ld by ?is "t h pass$ beyond ! region ( fai? into t ( sight1 7 x n always possible to ignore ! moral cause & sub/itute = x some?+ me*anical & second>y4 ,! great _w-empires ( ,egypt & ,assyria pass$ away1 prim>ily ow+ to neglect ( ! high] life4 ,second>ily1 no d\bt1 ! ebbs & fl[s ( _! p[]1 & _! f9al ext9ction1 7 influ5c$ by ! c\rse ( ! ,indian trade2 & _m wise m5 ?9k !y d well to /op !re4 ,b 9 tru? we d n solve ! difficulty by re/+ 9 ?is second>y cause2 we only %ift x a /ep backw>ds4 ,= ! "q imm$iately arises1 ,:y did ! trade *ange its c\rse f ,assyria to ,egypt1 & back aga9 f ,egypt to ,assyria8 ,:y did a rivulet ( x fl[ ?r\gh ! l& ( ,israel 9 ,solomon's day & aft]w>ds cease8 ,! answ] mu/ be t x 0 :5 ! "* ( ^! v>i\s nations rose 9 vig\r by =esight & moral self-re/ra9t t !y drew to !mselves ?is s\rce ( p[]4 ,!y liv$1 9 fact1 by giv+ he$ to "s ^w ( ,god4 ,nor does ! hi/ory ( ,greek supremacy 9 ,europe & ,asia1 or ! rise & fall ( ! ,roman ,empire1 contradict t view4 ,! mod]n hi/orian1 :atev] 8 fai? or unfai? may be1 is driv5 to f9d ! motive p[] :i* wr\ght 9 ^! /up5d\s movem5ts 9 ! moral & spiritual sph]e4 ,?is trans=ms hi/ory f be+ m]ely secul> into a ,bible1 z ,momms5 f9ely says1#fc ,& if %e _c any m ?an ! ,bible h9d] ! fool f misund]/&+ & ! devil f quot+ h]1 %e too w be able to be> ) & to requite !m bo?4 ,%e utt]s h] voice 9 ! /reets1 & 9 ! end makes h] mean+ cle>4 ,= %e gives u ev] new examples4 #fc ,hi/ory ( ,rome1 vol4 iv41 ,"p ,,ii41 p4 #dfg4 ,probably h] gr&e/ object-lesson at pres5t is ! wa/+ & p>alysis t is sl[ly )]+ up all ,mohamm$an /ates4 ,:]e !y h be5 left to !mselves1 z 9 ,morocco & ,p]sia1 depopulation & ! break-up ( society has come ^u !m1 & :]e ,muslim populations are really prosp]+ x is "u ! influ5ce ( ,*ri/ian ,p[]s4 ,& ! reason is pla94 ,islam is a revolt f1 & a rejection (1 ! high] pr9ciples ( life conta9$ 9 ,*ri/ianity1 & a return to ,judaism4 ,b ! ,judaism to :i* x return$ _h already lo/ its f9e/ bloom4 ,all t 0 left to x ( t5d]ness or p[] ( expansion ,islam reject$1 & ( ! drie/ husks ( ,old ,te/am5t religion x made its sole food4 ,naturally & necess>ily1 !re=e1 x has be5 f\nd inadequate4 ,x _c p]man5tly live "u pres5t conditions1 & x is capable ( no r5ewal4 ,"h & !re1 especially 9 ,india1 attempts to break out ( ! prison h\se :i* ?is sy/em builds ar\nd its vot>ies are be+ made1 b 9 ! op9ion ( exp]ts l ,mr4 ,sell#fd !y _c succe$4 ,su* a movem5t1 he tells u1 may elevate individuals & purify ! family life ( _m1 b x w1 l all re=m movem5ts ( ! pa/1 h v little real effect on ,islam z a polity & z a religion4 ,if he be "r1 we le>n f a ,mohamm$an :om he quotes1 ! ,naual ,mulis9-ul-,mulk1 :at alone c be look$ =4 ,to me x seems1 he says1 t z a nation & a religion we are dy+ out2 our day is pa/1 & we h little hope ( ! future4 ,m conspicu\sly & delib]ately p]haps ?an any "o did ,mohamm$ *oose to g back f ! be/ light t %one 9 ! _w ( 8 day4 ,"s at lea/ ( 8 contempor>ies knew :at a spiritual religion meant4 ,he 0 guilty1 !re=e1 ( ! great refusal2 & 8 "w1 great z x 01 seems to "s ev5 ( 8 own disciples to be ha/5+ to its end4 ,mat]ial success1 bread 9 all s5ses1 ! k+doms f\nd$ by him & 8 successors _h 9 abundance1 & /ill might h4 ,b man _c live by t alone1 & ! abs5ce ( ! high] elem5t has tak5 ev5 t away4 #fd ,contempor>y ,review1 ,augu/ #ahic p4 #bic4 ,9 ,*ri/5dom1 too1 ! same lesson is be+ taught4 ,( all ,european c\ntries ,france p]haps is t :]e ! corrod+ p[] ( mat]iali/ic ?\ght has be5 mo/ sev]ely felt4 ,yet few c\ntries are s ri* 9 mat]ial weal?1 & if bread 0 all t life dem&$1 no c\ntry %\ld be s full ( x4 ,b x is 9 no s5se s4 ,ev5 its intellectual life is droop+1 & its population1 if n decreas+1 is /&+ /ill4 ,?is1 all s]i\s writ]s deplore2 & ! dawn ( :at may p]haps be a new era is se5 9 ! e>ne/ness ) :i* ! s\rces ( ?is evil are s\ght out & discuss$4 ,m5 l ! ,vicomte de ,vog#fe depict ! new g5]ation z we>y ( negations1 sick ( ! mat]ial positivism ( _! imm$iate pr$ecessors1 disgu/$ ) realism1 :i*1 z ano!r rec5t writ] def9es x1 9 ?\ght is m]e prov9cialism1 9 affection absolute egoism1 9 politics ! deification ( brute =ce2 9 ! high] grades ( society tyranny2 9 ! l[]1 unbridl$ lic5ce4 ,& ! only cure is fai? & moral idealism4 ,society c apply to itself to-day1 says ,de ,vog1 ! beautiful image ( ,plot9us2 x resembles ^? travell]s lo/ 9 ! night1 seat$ 9 sil5ce on ! %ore ( ! sea1 wait+ = ! sun to rise above ! bill[s4 ,9 ,g]many simil> conditions h produc$ simil> ?\gh mu* mitigat$ results4 ,yet ev5 !re1 ,lange1 ! hi/orian ( mat]ialism1 tells u t !re runs ?r\gh all our mod]n culture a t5d5cy to mat]ialism1 :i* c>ries away e "o :o has n f\nd some:]e a sure an*or4 ,! ideal has no curr5cy2 all t _c prove its claim on ! basis ( natural sci5ce & hi/ory is condemn$ to de/ruction1 ?\gh a ?\s& joys & refre%m5ts ( ! masses dep5d ^u x4 ,he concludes by say+ t ideas & sacrifices may /ill save our civilisation1 & *ange ! pa? ( de/ructive revolution into a pa? ( b5efic5t re=ms4 ,?r\gh all hi/ory1 !n1 & l\de/ 9 our own day1 ! cry ( our passage goes up2 & :]e ! pa? m>k$ out by ! fai? ( ,israel1 & c>ri$ to its goal by ,jesus ,*ri/1 has be5 =sak51 ! peoples are re/+ 9 hungry expectation4 ,words f ! m\? ( ,god c alone save !m2 & if ! ,*ur*es _c make !m he>1 & no new voice br+s x home to !m1 !re w\ld seem to be no?+ be=e !m b a sl[] or quick] desc5t into dea?4 #fe ,heures d',hi/oire4 ,b x may be t ! nations are deaf to ! ,*ur*es' voice because ^! h n le>n$ ?or\ghly t life = !m too is condition$ 9 ! same fa%ion4 ,!y c live truly1 fully1 triumphantly only :5 !y take up & absorb ev]y?+ t issues f ! m\? ( ,god4 ,all ,*ri/ians mu/ admit ?is2 b mo/ proce$ at once to annul :at !y h /at$ by ! limitations ( mean+ !y impose ^u x4 ,an old] g5]ation vehem5tly affirm$ ?is fai?1 mean+ by x e ^w & lett] :i* ,scripture conta9$4 ,we d n f9d fault ) :at !y ass]t1 = ! fir/ necessity ( spiritual life is ! /udy & love ( ! ,holy ,scriptures4 ,no "o :o kn[s :at ! high] life 9 ,*ri/ is1 ne$s to be told t ! v bread ( life is 9 ! ,bible4 ,neglect x1 or1 :at is p]haps worse1 /udy x only f ! sci5tific & intellectual po9t ( view1 & life w sl[ly ebb away f y1 & y\r religion w br+ y none ( ! joy ( liv+4 ,br+ y\r ?\ghts1 y\r hopes1 y\r fe>s1 & y\r aspirations into daily contact ) x1 & y w feel a vig\r 9 y\r spiritual nature :i* w make y lords ov] circum/ance4 ,e "p ( x contributes to ?is effect :5 x is prop]ly und]/ood1 = exp]i5ce proves ! vanity ( ! attempt to di/+ui% betwe5 ! ,bible & ! ^w ( ,god4 ,z x /&s1 wr\ght into "o :ole by lab\rs ! /r5u\sness1 ! multiplicity1 ! skill1 & ! religi\s _s ( :i* we are only n[ com+ to und]/&1 x is ! ^w ( ,god2 x has issu$ f ,8 m\?1 & f x1 se>*$ out & und]/ood1 ! mo/ satisfy+ bread ( ! s\l mu/ come4 ,only by use ( x c ! ,*ri/ian s\l live4 ,b ?\gh ! ,bible is ! ^w ( ,god p> excell5ce1 x is n ! only ^w t issues f ! m\? ( ,god to man4 ,because ! ,*ur* has (t5 too mu* refus$ to li/5 to any o!r ^w ( ,god1 ^? :o are )\t are sitt+ look+ out ov] ! sea t[>ds ! we/ = ! ris+ ( ! sun :i* is beh9d !m4 ,= if x is dea? to ! _s to turn away f ,scripture1 x means sickness & disease to refuse to le>n ! o!r lessons :i* are set = u by ! ,god ( tru?4 ,all true sci5ce mu/ conta9 a revelation ( ,him1 = x is an exposition ( ! mann] ( ,8 work+4 ,hi/ory too is a ,bible1 :i* has be5 confirm+ ) trumpet tongue ! tru?s ( ,scripture z we h se54 ,nay1 x is a comm5t>y ^u ! special revelation giv5 to u ?r\gh ,israel1 set = our /udy by ! ,au?or ( t revelation4 ,fur!r1 we may say t ! progress ( our ,*ri/ian c5turies has %[n u heights & dep?s ( wisdom 9 ! revelation mank9d has receiv$ 9 ,*ri/ :i*1 )\t its light1 we %\ld n h kn[n4 ,! _s ( ,*ri/ 9 reg>d to slav]y1 = in/ance1 0 made manife/ fully only 9 our day4 ,! true relations ( m5 to ea* o!r1 z conceiv$ by our bless$ ,"l1 are evid5tly ab\t to be =c$ home ^u ! _w by ! turmoils1 ! /rikes1 & ! outrages1 by ! wild dem&s1 & ! wild] hopes :i* are ! *>act]i/ic ( our epo*4 ,9 ! future1 too1 !re mu/ lie exp]i5ces :i* w make manife/ to m5 ! br& :i* ! _s ( ,*ri/ puts ^u w>1 ) its savag]y & its folly4 ,^! are only notewor?y in/ances ( ! explanation ( revelation by ! developm5ts ( ! ,div9e purpose 9 ! _w4 ,b 9 c\ntless ways ! same process is go+ on1 & ! ,*ur* :i* refuses to reg>d x is prep>+ a decay ( its own life4 ,= man lives by e ^w t proce$e? out ( ! m\? ( ,god1 & e su* ^w miss$ means a loss ( vitality4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 !re=e1 if x is to be true to its call+1 %\ld be s]i\sly wat*ful le/ any ,div9ely s5t exp]i5ce %\ld be lo/ to x4 ,x _c be indiff]5t1 mu* less ho/ile1 to discov]ies 9 physical sci5ce2 x _c ignore any fact or lesson :i* hi/ory reveals2 x _c sit ap>t f social exp]im5ts1 z if hold+ no =m ( cre$ 9 su* ?+s1 )\t s]i\sly impair+ its *ances ( life4 ,= all ^! ?+s are pregnant ) mo/ preci\s indications ( ! m9d ( ,god1 & to turn f !m is to sit 9 d>kness & ! %ad[ ( dea?4 ,9 ! mo/ subtle & multif>i\s way1 ! inn] spiritual life ( man is be+ modifi$ by ! discov]ies ( sci5ti/s1 hi/orians1 philologi/s1 ar*ologi/s1 & critics1 & by ! new att5tion :i* is be+ giv5 to ! f\ndations ( society & social life4 ,all ! tru? t is 9 ^! discov]ies issues f ! m\? ( ,god4 ,!y too are a ,bible1 z ,momms5 says1 & if ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* _c h9d] ! fool f misund]/&+ & ! devil f quot+ !m1 x c itself li/5 ) op5 e> to ^! tea*+s1 & "w !m into coh]5t unity ) ! great spiritual ,revelation4 ,?is is ! p]5nial task :i* awaits ! ,*ur* at e /age ( its c>e]1 = on no o!r t]ms c x live a heal?y life4 ,"h we f9d ! answ] to timid ,*ri/ians :o address petulant compla9ts to ^? :o are call$ to attempt ?is "w4 ,if1 say !y1 ^! new ?\ghts are n ess5tial to fai?1 if 9 ! =ms to :i* we h be5 accu/om$ ! ess5ce ( true religion has be5 pres]v$1 :y d y di/urb ! m9ds ( believ]s by outside que/ions8 ,! reply is t we d>e n refuse ! tea*+ :i* ,god is s5d+ u 9 ^! ways4 ,to refuse light is to blaspheme light4 ,?\gh we might save our g5]ation "s tr\ble by turn+ our back ^u ?is light1 ?\gh we might ev5 save "s f manife/ %ipwreck ( fai?1 we %\ld pay = t by sacrific+ all ! future1 & by r5d]+ fai? impossible p]haps = great] multitudes ( our successors4 ,yet ?is does n imply t ! ,*ur* is to be driv5 ab\t by e w9d ( doctr9e4 ,"s m5 ( sci5ce dem&1 app>5tly1 t e new discov]y1 9 its fir/ crude =m1 %\ld be at once adopt$ by ! ,*ur*1 & t all ! inf]5ces unfav\rable to receiv$ views ( religion1 :i* occur to m5 accu/om$ to ?9k only tru?s t c be demon/rat$ by exp]im5t1 %\ld be regi/]$ 9 its tea*+s4 ,b su* a dem& is m]e folly4 ,! ,*ur* has 9 its possession a body ( tru? :i*1 if n v]ifiable by exp]im5t1 has be5 v]ifi$ by exp]i5ce z no o!r body ( tru? has be54 ,ev5 its enemies be+ judges1 no o!r sy/em ( a moral or spiritual k9d has ris5 above ! horizon :i* c = a mom5t be comp>$ ) ,*ri/ianity z ! guide ( m5 = life & dea?4#ff ,?r\gh all *anges ( secul> ?\ght1 & amid all ! lessons :i* ! _w has taught ! ,*ur*1 ! fundam5tal doctr9es h rema9$ 9 ess5ce ! same1 & by !m ! :ole life ( man1 social1 political1 & sci5tific1 has ultimately be5 guid$4 ,imm5se practical int]e/s h !re=e be5 committ$ to ! ,*ur*'s keep+1 ! int]e/s prim>ily ( ! poor & ! obscure4 ,%e ought nev] to be tempt$1 consequ5tly1 to ?9k t %e is mov+ & act+ 9 a vacuum1 or manage h] affairs aft] ! mann] ( a debat+ society4 ,x is no d\bt a fault to move too sl[ly2 b 9 circum/ances l t ( ! ,*ur*1 x c nev] be s de/ructive to ! be/ int]e/s ( mank9d z to move ) wanton in/ability4 ,h] true attitude mu/ be to prohibit no l9es ( inquiry1 to op5 h] m9d s]i\sly to all ! demon/rat$ tru?s ( sci5ce ) gladness1 to be tol]ant ( all loyal ef=t to re=m ,*ri/ian ?\ght 9 accordance ) ! new light1 :5 t has become at all possible4 ,= h] true food is ev]y?+ t issues f ! m\? ( ,god2 & only :5 %e receives ) gratitude h] daily bread 9 ?is way also1 c h] life be z vigor\s & z elevat$ z x ought to be4 #ff ,cf4 ,lange1 ,ges*i*te des ,mat]ialismus1 vol4 ii41 pp4 #eaj1 #ebh4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,israel',s ,,election1 ,,& ,,motives ,,= ,,fai?fulness ,,deut4 ix-xi4 ,! rema9+ *apt]s ( ?is special introduction to ! /atem5t ( ! actual laws beg9n+ ) *apt] xii41 conta9 also an e>ne/ insi/5ce ^u o!r motives :y ,israel %\ld rema9 true to ! cov5ant ( ,yahweh4 ,!y are urg$ to ?is1 n only because life bo? spiritual & physical dep5d$ ^u x1 z 0 %[n 9 ! trials ( ! wild]ness1 b !y are also to lay x to he>t t 9 ! conque/s :i* assur$ly await !m1 x w be ,yahweh alone to :om !y w owe !m4 ,! spies _h decl>$1 & ! p _h accept$ _! report1 t ^! peoples 7 f> mighti] ?an !y1 & t no "o c\ld /& be=e ! *ildr5 ( ,anak4 ,b ! victory ov] !m w\ld %[ t ,yahweh _h be5 among !m l a consum+ fire1 be=e :i* ! ,canaanite p[] w\ld )] z bru%wood 9 ! flame4 ,"u ^! circum/ances ! ?\ght w\ld obvi\sly lie ne> t1 z !y _h be5 defeat$ & driv5 back 9 _! fir/ attempt ^u ,canaan because ( _! unrighte\sness & unbelief1 s !y w\ld conqu] n[ because ( _! righte\sness & ob$i5ce4 ,b ?is ?\ght is /]nly repress$4 ,! fundam5tal doctr9e :i* is "h insi/$ on is t ,israel's consci\sness ( be+ ! p ( ,god mu/ at ! same "t be a consci\sness ( complete dep5d5ce ^u ,him4 ,if ,8 gifts 7 ultimately to be ! rew>d ( human righte\sness1 !n obvi\sly t feel+ ( complete dep5d5ce c\ld n be e/abli%$4 ,!y are to move s completely 9 ! %ad[ ( ,god t !y are to see 9 _! successes only ! c>ry+ out ( ! ,div9e purposes4 ,in/ead ( feel+ fi]cely contemptu\s ( ! ,canaanites !y de/roy1 because !y /& on a moral & spiritual height :i* gives !m a "r to triumph1 ! ,israelites are to feel t1 :ile x is = wick$ness t ! ,canaanite p are to be puni%$1 !y !mselves _h n be5 free f wick$ness ( an aggravat$ k9d4 ,_! diff]5t treatm5t1 !re=e1 re/s ^u ! fact t !y are to be ,yahweh's *os5 in/rum5ts4 ,9 ! patri>*s he *ose !m to become ! means1 ! vehicle1 by :i* salvation & bless+ 7 to be br\ght to all nations4 ,:ile1 !re=e1 ! evil t comes ^u ! peoples !y are to conqu] is des]v$1 ! good !y !mselves are to receive is equally undes]v$4 ,t :i* alone acc\nts = ! diff]5ce is ! fai?fulness ( ,god to ! promises ,he made = ! sake ( ,8 purposes4 ,he ne$s an in/rum5t ?r\gh :i* to bless mank9d4 ,he has *os5 ,israel = ?is purpose1 p>tly d\btless because ( "s qualities1 n necess>ily spiritual or moral1 :i* !y h come to h1 & p>tly because ( _! hi/orical position 9 ! _w4 ,^! tak5 toge!r make !m at ?is precise mom5t 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w's developm5t ! fitte/ in/rum5ts to c>ry out ! ,div9e purpose ( love to mank9d4 ,& !y are elect$1 made to ent] into m con/ant & intimate communion ) ,god ?an o!r nations1 on t acc\nt4 ,9 ! words ( ,ro!1 ,god *ooses or elects at ea* hi/orical mom5t f ! totality ( ! s9ful race ( mank9d t nation by ^: enrolm5t among ! positive =ces :i* are to develop ! k+dom ( ,god ! greate/ possible advance t[>ds ! complete realisation ( x may be atta9$1 "u ! hi/orical circum/ances ( t mom5t4 ,:e!r t completely cov]s ! individual election ( ,/4 ,paul1 z ,ro! ?9ks1 or n1 x c]ta9ly precisely expresses ! national election ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & exhau/s ! mean+ ( our passage4 ,israelite p>ticul>ism _h univ]sality ( ! highe/ k9d z its backgr\nd1 & "h ! latt] comes mo/ insi/5tly to its rights4 ,x 0 n only ! election ( ,israel to be a peculi> p :i* dep5d$ ^u ! wise & lov+ purpose ( ,god2 ! provid5ces :i* befell !m also _h t z _! s\rce4 ,to fit !m = _! mission1 & to give !m a place :]e9 !y c\ld develop ! g]ms ( high] fai? & nobl] morality :i* !y _h receiv$1 ,yahweh gave !m victory ov] ^? great] nations1 & plant$ !m 9 _! place4 ,?is1 & ?is only1 0 ! reason ( _! success2 & ) sca?+ irony ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy /amps "u 8 feet 7ix4 #g ff47 any claim to sup]ior righte\sness on _! "p4 ,he po9ts back to _! cont9u\s rebellions dur+ ! =ty ye>s 9 ! wild]ness4 ,f ! beg9n+ to ! end ( _! j\rney t[>ds ! promis$ l&1 !y are told1 !y h be5 rebelli\s & /iff-neck$ & unpr(itable4 ,!y h brok5 _! cov5ant ) _! ,god4 ,!y h caus$ ,moses to break ! tables ( /one conta9+ ! fundam5tal conditions ( ! cov5ant1 because _! conduct _h made x pla9 t !y _h n s]i\sly b\nd !mselves to x4 ,b ! m]cy ( ,god _h be5 ) !m4 ,not)/&+ _! s91 ,yahweh _h be5 turn$ to m]cy by ! pray] ( ,moses 7vv4 #be ff471 & _h rep5t$ ( ,8 design to de/roy !m4 ,a new cov5ant 0 ent]$ into ) !m 7*ap4 x47 by means ( ! second tables1 :i* conta9$ ! same comm&s z 7 engrav5 on ! fir/4 ,! r5ewal1 moreov]1 0 ratifi$ by ! sep>ation ( ! tribe ( ,levi 7x4 #h ff47 to be ! specially prie/ly tribe1 to be> ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant ( ! ,"l1 to /& be=e ! ,"l to m9i/] unto ,him & to bless 9 ,8 "n4 ,f beg9n+ to end x 0 always ,yahweh1 & aga9 ,yahweh1 :o _h *os5 & lov$ & c>$ = !m4 ,x 0 ,he :o _h =giv5 & /r5g!n$ !m2 b always = reasons :i* rea*$ f> beyond1 or ev5 exclud$1 any m]it on _! "p4 ,! gr\nds ( ,moses' successful int]cession = !m 7ix4 #be ff47 are notable 9 ?is connection4 ,!y h no ref]5ce at all to ! ne$s1 or hopes1 or expectations ( ! p4 ,^! are all bru%$ aside1 z be+ ( no mom5t aft] su* unfai?fulness z !irs _h be54 ,! great object be=e 8 m9d is repres5t$ to be ,yahweh's glory4 ,if ?is /iff-neck$ p p]i%1 !n ! greatness ( ,god w be obscur$ & ,8 purposes w be misund]/ood4 ,m5 w c]ta9ly ?9k1 ei!r t ,yahweh1 ,israel's ,god1 attempt$ to d :at ,he 0 n able to d1 or t ,he 0 wro? ) ,8 p1 & drew !m out into ! wild]ness to slay !m !re4 ,x is ,god's purpose ) !m1 ,god's purpose = ! _w ?r\gh !m1 :i* alone gives !m importance4 ,7 x n = t1 !y w\ld be z little wor? sav+ z !y h des]v$ to be sav$4 ,= 8 p1 &1 we may be sure1 = himself1 ,moses recognises no true wor? save 9 s f> z he or !y 7 useful 9 c>ry+ out ,div9e purposes ( good to ! _w4 ,nor is ! abs5ce ( any plea on ,israel's behalf1 t x is mis]able or unhappy1 due m]ely to a desire to keep ! rebelli\s p 9 ! backgr\nd = ! mom5t1 & to appeal only to ! ,div9e self-love = a p>don :i* w\ld1 on ! m]its ( ! case1 be refus$4 ,x is ! ,god ( ! :ole e>?1 be=e :om ! inhabitants ( ! e>? are z gras%opp]s1 :o is appeal$ to2 a ,god remov$ f> above ! petty motives ( self-int]e/$ m51 & set ^u ! "o great purpose ( e/abli%+ a k+dom ( ,god ^u ! e>? into :i* all nations might come4 ,if ,8 glory is appeal$ to1 t is only because x is ! glory ( ! highe/ good bo? = ! individual & = ! _w4 ,if fe> le/ d\bt %\ld be ca/ ^u ,8 p[] is put =w>d z a reason = ,8 hav+ m]cy1 t is because to d\bt ,8 p[] is to d\bt ! supremacy ( goodness4 ,if ! ,div9e promise to ! patri>*s is set =? "h1 x is because t promise 0 ! assurance ( ! ,div9e int]e/ 9 & ,div9e love ( ! _w4 ,"u su* circum/ances x w\ld ne$ a v n>r[-he>t$ lit]alism1 su* z only v lib]al !ologians & critics c\ld fav\r1 to r$uce ?is appeal to a m]e attempt to flatt] ,yahweh into good-hum\r4 ,x really embodies all t c be said 9 ju/ification ( our look+ = answ]s to pray] at all2 & rightly und]/ood x limits ! field ( ! answ] z /rictly z ! express$ or impli$ limitations ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 viz4 t effectual pray] c only be = ?+s accord+ to ! w ( ,god4 ,moreov] x expresses an entirely natural attitude t[>ds ,god4 ,be=e ,him1 ! sum ( all p]fections1 ! lov+ & omnisci5t & omnipres5t ,god1 :at is man t he %\ld ass]t himself 9 any wise8 ,:5 ! height & ! dep?1 ! sublimity & ! compreh5siv5ess ( ! ,div9e purpose is consid]$1 h[ c a man d aught save fall ^u 8 face 9 utt] self-=getfulness1 immeasurably bett] ev5 ?an self-contempt8 ,! be/ & holie/ ( mank9d h always felt ?is mo/2 & ! habit ( measur+ _! atta9m5ts by ! fai?fulness & k1 ! virtue & p[] :i* is 9 ,god1 has impress$ "s ( ! greate/ m9ds & pure/ s\ls ) su* humility1 t to m5 )\t insight x has seem$ m]e affectation4 ,b ! pity1 ! condesc5sion1 ! love ( ,*ri/ has s br\ght ,god d[n into our human life1 t we are apt at times to lose our awe ( ,god z se5 9 ,him4 ,7 we *ildr5 ( ! _s we %\ld n fall into t s94 ,we _c1 consequ5tly1 be too frequ5tly or too %>ply recall$ to ! m au/]e & remote /&po9t ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,= _m ev5 ( ! mo/ pi\s x w\ld be well if !y c\ld receive & keep a m j impression ( _! own wor?lessness & nullity be=e ,god4 ,9 ! section f ! twelf? v]se ( *apt] x4 to ! end ( *apt] xi4 ! hortatory introduction is summ$ up 9 a f9al review ( all ! motives to & ! results ( ob$i5ce & love to ,god4 ,! fundam5tal exhortation z to love to ,god is once m repeat$2 only "h fe> is jo9$ ) love & prec$es x2 b ! necessity ( love to ,god is exp&$ & dwelt ^u1 z at ! beg9n+1 ) a zeal t nev] we>ies4 ,! ,deut]onomi/ illu/rates & en=ces x ) old reasons & new1 always speak+ ) ! same plead+ & he>tfelt e>ne/ness4 ,he does n fe> ! t$ium ( repetition1 nor ! accusation ( mov+ 9 a n>r[ r\nd ( ideas4 ,evid5tly 9 ! evil "t :5 he wrote ?is love t[>ds ,god _h come to be 8 own support & 8 consolation2 & x _h be5 reveal$ to him z ! s\rce ( a p[]1 a sweetness1 & a righte\sness :i* c\ld alone br+ ! nation into communion ) ,god4 ,9 affect+ words resembl+ v closely ! noble exhortation 9 ,micah vi41 ,he ha? %[$ !e1 ,o man1 :at is good2 & :at do? ,yahweh require ( !e1 b to d ju/ly1 & to love m]cy1 & to walk humbly ) ?y ,god8 he tea*es mu* ! same doctr9e z 8 contempor>y3 ,& n[1 ,israel1 :at do? ,yahweh ?y ,god require ( !e1 b to fe> ,yahweh ?y ,god1 to walk 9 all ,8 ways1 & to love ,him1 & to s]ve ,yahweh ?y ,god ) all ?y he>t & ) all ?y s\l1 to keep ! comm&m5ts ( ,yahweh & ,8 /atutes :i* ,i comm& !e ?is day = ?y good8#fg #fg ,*ap4 x4 #ab4 ,9 _s ^! passages seem id5tical2 b x is held by _m writ]s on ! ,old ,te/am5t t !y are n s1 t !y repres5t1 9 fact1 opposite poles ( ! fai? & life ( ,israel4 ,micah is suppos$ by ,duhm1 = in/ance1 to mean by 8 ?reefold dem& t ju/ice betwe5 man & man1 love & k9dl9ess & m]cy t[>ds o!rs1 & humble int]c\rse ) ,god are1 9 di/9ction f sacrifice1 true religion & undefil$4 ,rob]tson ,smi? also consid]s t ^! v]ses 9 ,micah conta9 a repudiation ( sacrifice4 ,9 ,deut]onomy1 on ! contr>y1 fe> & love ( ,god & walk+ 9 ,8 ways are plac$ fir/1 b !y are jo9$ ) a dem& = ! he>tfelt s]vice ( ,god & ! keep+ ( ,8 /atutes z ab\t to be set =?4 ,n[ ^! c]ta9ly include ritual & sacrifice4 ,! "o passage1 writt5 by a prophet1 excludes sacrifice z b9d+ & acceptable s]vice ( ,god2 ! o!r1 writt5 p]haps by a prie/1 c]ta9ly by a man ^u :om no prophetic lessons ( ! pa/ _h be5 lo/1 includes x4 ,to use ! words ( ,rob]tson ,smi? 9 discuss+ ! requisites ( =giv5ess 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ,accord+ to ! prophets ,yahweh asks only a p5it5t he>t & desires no sacrifice2 accord+ to ! ritual law1 ,he desires a p5it5t he>t approa*+ ,him 9 c]ta9 sacrificial sacram5ts4#fh ,! au?or ( ,deut]onomy tea*es ! second view2 ! au?or ( ,micah *ap4 vi41 :o is probably 8 contempor>y1 tea*es ! =m]4 ,h[ is su* div]g5ce acc\nt$ =8 ,! answ] g5]ally made is t ,deut]onomy 0 ! product ( a close alliance betwe5 prie/s & prophets4 ,a common hatr$ ( ,manasseh's idolatry & a common oppression _h br\ght !m toge!r z nev] p]haps be=e4 ,) "o he>t & m9d !y wr\ght 9 secret = ! bett] day :i* !y saw approa*+1 & ,deut]onomy 0 a reissue ( ! anci5t ,mosaic law adapt$ to ! prophetic tea*+4 ,x repres5t$ a compromise betwe51 or an amalgamation (1 two entirely di/9ct positions4 #fh ,old ,te/am5t 9 ,jewi% ,*ur*1 #bnd edition1 p4 #cjh4 ,b ev5 on ?is view x w\ld foll[ t f ! "t ( ,josiah1 :5 ,deut]onomy 0 accept$ z ! complete/ expression ( ! w ( ,god1 ! doctr9e t ritual & sacrifice z well z p5it5ce 7 ess5tial ?+s 9 true religion 0 kn[n1 & n only kn[n b accept$ z ! or?odox op9ion4 ,putt+ aside1 !n1 ! "q :e!r sacrifice 0 ackn[l$g$ by ! prophets be=e ?is or n1 !y mu/ h accept$ x f ?is po9t onw>d1 unless !y d5i$ to ,deut]onomy ! au?ority :i* x claim$ & :i* ! nation conc$$ to x4 ,j]emiah cle>ly mu/ h ass5t$ to x1 = 8 /yle & 8 ?\ght h be5 s closely m\ld$ on ?is book t "s h ?\ght he may h be5 its au?or4 ,9 any case he did n repudiate its au?ority2 & all ! prophets :o foll[$ him mu/ h kn[n ( ?is view1 & also t x _h be5 sanction$ by t book :i* 0 made ! fir/ ,jewi% ,bible4 ,we h "h1 at all ev5ts1 ! keynote ( ! supremacy ( moral duty ov] ,div9e comm&s conc]n+ ritual :i* di/+ui%es ! prophetic tea*+ 9 ,micah & else:]e1 jo9$ ) ! en=cem5t ( ritual obs]vances4 ,b !re are few purely prophetic passages :i* raise ! high] dem& s high z x is rais$ "h4 ,to love & fe> ,god are anew decl>$ to be man's supreme duties1 & ! au?or presses ^! home by argum5ts ( v>i\s k9ds4 ,aga9 he returns to ! election ( ,israel by ,yahweh1 )\t m]it ( !irs2 & to br+ home to !m h[ mu* ?is means1 ! ,deut]onomi/ exhibits ! greatness ( _! ,god1 ,8 might1 ,8 ju/ice1 & ,8 m]cy1 :i*1 great z x is to ,8 *os5 p1 is n conf9$ to !m1 b ext5ds to ! /rang] also4 ,?is mo/ graci\s ,"o !y are to s]ve by de$s1 to ,him !y are to cleave1 & !y are to swe> by ,him only1 t is1 !y are solemnly to ackn[l$ge ,him to be _! ,god 9 return = ,8 undes]v$ fav\r4 ,= _! v exi/5ce z a nation is a wond] ( ,8 p[]1 s9ce !y 7 only a h&ful :5 !y w5t d[n to ,egypt1 & n[ 7 z ! />s ( heav5 = multitude4 ,!n once m1 9 *apt] xi41 he repeats 8 "o haunt+ ?\ght t love is to be ! s\rce ( all wor?y fulfilm5t ( ! law2 & he endeav\rs to %$ abroad ?is love to ,god 9 _! he>ts by rem9d+ !m once m ( all ! m>vels ( _! deliv]ance f ,egypt1 & ( _! wild]ness j\rney4 ,_! ,god _h deliv]$ !m fir/1 !n *a/is$ !m = _! s9s1 & _h tra9$ !m = ! new life t await$ !m 9 ! l& promis$ to _! fa!rs4 ,ev5 9 ! security ( ! l& !y 7 to f9d !mselves n less dep5d5t ^u ,god ?an be=e4 ,r _! dep5d5ce w\ld be m /rik+ & m impressive ?an 9 ,egypt4 ,z we h se5 repeat$ly1 ?is inspir$ writ] belong$ 9 _m respects to ! *ildhood ( ! _w1 & ! p he address$ 7 primitive 9 _! ideas4 ,yet 8 ?\ghts ( ,god 9 _! highe/ flight 7 s ess5tially true & deep1 t ev5 to-day we c g back ^u !m = edification & inspiration4 ,b "h we h an appeal bas$ ^u a di/9ction :i* to-day %\ld h almo/ entirely lo/ its mean+4 ,! ,deut]onomi/ yields q simply & unres]v$ly to ! feel+ t ! regul>1 unv>y+ processes ( nature are less ,div9e1 or at lea/ are less imm$iately significant ( ! ,div9e pres5ce1 ?an ^? :i* _c be =ese51 :i* v>y1 & :i* defy human analysis4 ,= he "h contra/s ,egypt & ,canaan1 9 bo? ( :i* he repres5ts ,israel z hav+ be5 engag$ 9 agricultural pursuits1 & speaks z if 9 ! =m] all dep5d$ ^u human indu/ry & +5uity1 & might be c\nt$ ^u irrespective ( moral conduct1 :ile 9 ! latt] all w\ld dep5d ^u ,div9e fav\r & a "r attitude t[>ds ,god4 ,x is q true t 9 prec$+ *apt]s he has be5 tea*+ t1 ev5 = worldly mat]ial success1 ! high] life is necess>y1 t man n[h]e lives by bread alone2 & t we may assur$ly assume is 8 deepe/1 8 ultimate ?\ght4 ,b he has a practical end 9 view at ?is mom5t4 ,he wi%es to p]suade 8 p1 & he appeals to :at bo? he & !y felt1 ?\gh 9 ! la/ resort x might h>dly p]haps be ju/ifi$4 ,9 ,egypt1 he says1 y\r agricultural success 0 c]ta9 if only y 7 indu/ri\s4 ,! great riv]1 ( :i* ! l& itself is ! gift1 came d[n 9 flood ye> aft] ye>1 & y _h only to /ore & to guide its wat]s to ensure y a c]ta9 return = y\r lab\r4 ,y _h n to look to unc]ta9 ra9s1 b c\ld by dilig5ce always secure a suffici5cy ( ! life-giv+ elem5t4 ,9 ,canaan x w n be s4 ,x dr9ke? wat] only ( ! ra9 ( heav54 ,god's eye has to be ^u x cont9ually to keep x f]tile1 & ! s5se ( dep5d5ce ^u ,him w =ce itself ^u y m con/antly & p[]fully 9 consequ5ce4 ,!y c\ld hope to prosp] only if !y nev] =got1 nev] put away ,8 exhortations out ( _! sight4 ,o!rwise1 he says1 ! life-giv+ %[]s w n fall 9 _! due season4 ,y\r l& w n yield its fruits1 & ye %all p]i% quickly (f ! good l& :i* ,yahweh give? y4 ,n[ :at are we to say ( ?is appeal8 ,!re c be no d\bt t ! ,div9e omnipot5ce 0 really1 9 ! ,deut]onomi/'s view z well z 9 ours1 z irresi/ible 9 ,egypt z 9 ,canaan4 ,fundam5tally1 no d\bt1 life or dea?1 prosp]ity or adv]sity1 7 z mu* 9 ! h& ( ,god 9 ! "o case z 9 ! o!r2 & ! ,deut]onomi/1 at lea/1 _h no d\bt t rebellion aga9/ ,god c\ld & w\ld de/roy ,egypt's prosp]ity z mu* z ,canaan's4 ,b he felt t someh[ !re 0 a t5d]] & m intimate communion ( love betwe5 ,yahweh & ,8 p "u ! "o set ( circum/ances ?an "u ! o!r4 ,we are n entitl$ to impute to him a que/ionable di/9ction :i* mod]n m9ds are apt to make1 viz4 t :]e long exp]i5ce has taught m5 to reg>d ! c\rse ( provid5ce z fix$1 !re ! sph]e ( pray] = mat]ial b5efit ends1 & t only 9 ! region :]e ! ,div9e action 9 nature seems to u m spontane\s1 & less capable ( be+ =ese51 c pray] be he>tily1 because hopefully1 made4 ,b ! feel+ t sugge/s t 0 c]ta9ly 9 8 m9d4 ,he felt ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! fix$ conditions ( life 9 ,egypt & ! m v>iable conditions 9 ,canaan1 to be mu* ! same z ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! circum/ances ( a son receiv+ a fix$ ye>ly all[ance f 8 fa!r1 9 an indep5d5t & p]haps di/ant home1 & ^? ( a son 9 8 fa!r's h\se1 :o receives 8 portion day by day z ! result & evid5ce ( an ev]-pres5t affection4 ,bo? are equally dep5d5t ^u ! fa!r's love1 & bo? %\ld !oretically be equally fill$ ) lov+ gratitude4 ,b z a fact1 ! latt] w\ld be m likely to be s1 & w\ld be held m guilty if he 7 n s4 ,^u t actual fact ! ,deut]onomi/ takes 8 /&4 ,z !y 7 n[ to ent] into ,yahweh's l&1 ,8 *os5 dwell+-place1 he sees 9 ! diff]5t mat]ial conditions ( ! new c\ntry t :i* %\ld make ! union betwe5 ,yahweh & ,8 p m intimate & m secure1 & ,he presses home ^u !m ! great] %ame ( +ratitude1 if "u su* circum/ances !y %\ld =get ,god & ,8 laws4 ,f9ally 7xi4 #bb-be7 he promises !m ! victori\s ext5sion ( _! dom9ion if !y w love ,yahweh & keep ,8 laws4 ,f ,lebanon to ! s\!rn wild]ness1 f ! ,euphrates to ! we/]n sea1 !y %\ld rule1 if !y w\ld cleave unto _! ,god4 ,at no "t 0 ?is promise fulfill$ save 9 ! days ( ,david & ,solomon4 ,= only !n _h ,lebanon & ! wild]ness1 ! ,euphrates & ! sea1 be5 ! b\nd>ies ( ,israel4 ,?is mu/1 !n1 be reg>d$ z ! "t ( ,israel's greate/ fai?fulness4 ,b x is /rik+ t x is 9 ,josiah's day1 aft] ! adoption ( ,deut]onomy z ! national law1 t we meet ) a consci\s ef=t to realise ?is condition ( ?+s once m4 ,!re w\ld seem to be little d\bt t ! good k+ took an equally lit]al view ( :at ! book comm&$ & ( :at x promis$4 ,he inaugurat$ a p]iod ( complete ext]nal compliance ) ! law1 & l ! "y & inexp]i5c$ man he 01 he reg>d$ t z ! fulfilm5t ( its requirem5ts1 & look$ = a simil> in/antane\s fulfilm5t ( ! promises4 ,bit by bit he _h absorb$ ! anci5t t]ritory ( ! ,nor!rn ,k+dom2 & 9 ! decay ( ! ,assyrian p[] he saw ! opportunity = ! enl>gem5t ( 8 dom9ion to ! limit "h def9$4 ,he consequ5tly w5t out aga9/ ,ph>aoh ,ne*o 9 ! full confid5ce t he w\ld be victori\s4 ,b if ! ,div9e promise & its conditions 7 tak5 up too sup]ficially by him1 ,div9e provid5ce soon & t]ribly correct$ ! error4 ,! defeat & dea? ( ,josiah reveal$ t ! re=mation _h n be5 real & deep en\gh1 & t ! nation 0 n fai?ful en\gh to make su* triumph possible4 ,inde$1 s f> z we c see1 ! "t = any true fulfilm5t ( ,israel's call+ 9 t fa%ion _h !n pass$ by4 ,! h>ve/ 0 pa/1 & ,israel 0 n sav$1 & c\ld n n[ be sav$1 = x 0 9 its deepe/ he>t unfai?ful4 ,x may be que/ion$ by "s1 ( c\rse1 :e!r an ,israel fai?ful ev5 9 ! highe/ degree c\ld at any "t h kept possession ( s wide a dom9ion 9 ! face ( ! great empires ( ,assyria & ,egypt4 ,^! 7 ri*1 & _h a f> l>g] comm& bo? ( t]ritory & m53 h[ !n c\ld ! ,israelites ev] h ma9ta9$ !mselves 9 face ( !m8 ,b ! "q is h[ to measure ! p[] ( ! high] ideas !y held4 ,x is n =ce b tru? t rules ! _w2 & absolutely no limit c be set to ! possibilities :i* op5 out to a free1 morally robu/1 & fai?ful p1 :o h become possess$ ( high] spiritual ideas ?an ! peoples t surr\nd !m4 ,ev5 9 ?is sceptical mod]n day ! trans=mation z reg>ds physical /r5g? :i* takes place :5 c]ta9 classes ( ,h9dus become ei!r ,mohamm$ans or ,*ri/ians is s />tl+ & s rapid t x appe>s almo/ a miracle4 ,z reg>ds c\rage1 too1 x is ev5 m rapid & equally rem>kable4 ,! great majority ( ! /ruggles ( nations are f\ght out on ! level ( m]e physical =ce & = mat]ial ends1 & ! /ronge/ & ri*e/ w9s3 b :5ev] a p possess$ ( high] ideas & absolutely fai?ful to !m does appe>1 ! oppos+ p[]1 h[ev] great x may be 9 weal? & numb]s1 is :irl$ away 9 fragm5ts z by a tornado1 or x dissolves l ice be=e ! sun4 ,:at ,israel might h be51 !re=e1 _h x be5 p5etrat$ by ! pr9ciples ( ! high] religion1 & be5 passionately true to x1 c 9 no way be judg$ by t :i* x actually 04 ,among ! untri$ possibilities :i* x 0 too unfai?ful to realise1 ! possession ( su* an empire z ,deut]onomy promises w\ld seem to be "o ( ! lea/4 ,our *apt] sums up :at prec$es ) ! decl>ation on ! "p ( ,yahweh1 ,see1 ,i am sett+ be=e y ?is day a bless+ & a curse1 accord+ z !y might obey or disobey ! ,div9e comm&4 ,x is /at$1 9 %ort1 t ! :ole future ( ! p is to be det]m9$ by _! attitude to ,yahweh & ! comm&s ,he has giv5 !m4 ,9 ^! two words bless+ & curse1 z ,dillmann obs]ves1 ,he sets be=e !m ! greatness ( ! decision !y are call$ ^u to make4 ,j z at ! end ( *apt] iii4 ! vision ( ,yahweh's /ret*$-out h&1 :i* has /rewn ! _w ) ! wrecks & fragm5ts ( de/roy$ nations1 is reli$ on to prep>e ! p = contemplat+ _! own call+1 s "h ! ga9 or loss :i* w\ld foll[ _! decision is solemnly set be=e !m4 ,by ,dillmann & o!rs x is suppos$ t vv4 #bi & #ca1 :i* in/ruct ! p to lay ! bless+ ^u ,m\nt ,g]izim & ! curse ^u ,m\nt ,ebal1 h be5 transf]r$ by ! lat] editor f *apt] xxvii41 :]e !y w\ld come 9 v fitt+ly aft] v]4 #c4 ,b :e!r t be s or n1 !y are evid5tly s f> 9 place "h t !y add to ! solemnity ) :i* ! fate ( ! nation 9 ! future is insi/$ ^u4 ,_! *oice is brief & yet endless2 x c be made 9 a mom5t1 b 9 its consequ5ce x w endure4 ,b "h a difficulty arises4 ,dr4 ,driv] 9 8 ,introduction says ( ?is hortatory section ( our book t its tea*+ is t duties are n to be p]=m$ f second>y motives1 su* z fe> or dread ( consequ5ces2 !y are to be ! spontane\s outcome ( a he>t f :i* e ta9t ( worldl9ess has be5 remov$1 & :i* is p5etrat$ by an all-absorb+ s5se ( p]sonal devotion to ,god4 ,yet 9 ^! lat] *apt]s we h _h little else b appeals to ! gratitude & hopes & fe>s ( ,israel4 ,*apt]s viii4 to xi4 are :olly tak5 up ) incitem5ts to love & obey ,god1 because ,he has be5 immeasurably good to !m1 nev] lett+ _! +ratitude ov]come ,8 lov+k9dness2 because !y are :olly dep5d5t ^u ,him = prosp]ity & ! f]tility ( _! l&2 & because evil w come ^u !m if !y d n4 ,t w\ld seem to be ! opposite ( :at ,driv] has decl>$ to be ! in=m+ _s & ! fundam5tal tea*+ ( ,deut]onomy4 ,yet 8 view is ! true "o4 ,ev5 if ! ,deut]onomi/ _h add$ ^! l[] motives to attract & ga9 ov] ^? :o 7 n s op5 to ! high]1 t w\ld n deprive him ( ! glory ( hav+ set =? dis9t]e/$ love z ! really impell+ p[] 9 true religion4 ,we are n requir$ to l[] our e/eem ( t a*ievem5t1 ev5 if1 l ! reasonable & wise tea*] he is1 he boldly uses e motive t actually influ5ces m51 :e!r x %\ld d s or n1 to w9 !m to ! high] life4 ,b x is n necess>y to suppose t he does s4 ,8 dem& is t m5 %all love ,yahweh _! ,god ) all _! he>t & /r5g?1 & to w9 !m to t he sets =? :at _! ,god has reveal$ ,himself to be4 ,m5 _c love "o :om !y d n "k2 !y _c love "o :o has n prov$ himself lovable to !m4 ,z 8 :ole ef=t is to get m5 to love ,god1 & %[ _! love by ob$i5ce to ,8 express$ w1 ! ,deut]onomi/ br+s to m9d all ,8 lov+ ?\ghts & acts t[>ds !m1 & s cont9ually keeps 8 appeal at ! highe/ level4 ,he does n ask m5 to s]ve ,god because x w be pr(itable to !m1 b because !y love ,god2 & he endeav\rs to make !m love ,god by recit+ all ,8 love & fri5dl9ess & pati5ce to ,8 p1 & by po9t+ out ! evil :i* ,8 love is seek+ to w>d (f4 ,! plea is n ! ignoble "o t !y mu/ s]ve ,yahweh = :at !y c ga9 by x1 b t !y %\ld love ,yahweh = ,8 love & graci\sness1 & t out ( ?is love cont9ual ob$i5ce %\ld fl[ z a necess>y result4 ,t is 8 c5tral position2 & if he po9ts out ! necess>y results ( a refusal to turn to ,god 9 ?is way1 he does n !reby set =? slavi% fe> or calculat+ prud5ce z 9 !mselves religi\s motives4 ,!y are only natural & reasonable means ( turn+ m5 to view ! o!r side4 ,he uses !m to br+ ! p to a pause1 dur+ :i* he may w9 !m by ! love ( ,god4 ,t is always ! true appeal2 & ,*ri/ianity :5 x is at its f9e/ c d no?+ b foll[ 9 ?is pa?4 ,hav+ be=e 8 m9d ! results ( evil conduct1 he does urge m5 to escape f ! wra? t may re/ ^u !m4 ,b ! only means s to escape is to yield to ! love ( ,god4 ,no self-re/ra9t dictat$ by fe> ( consequ5ces1 no turn+ f evil because ( ! lions t are se5 9 ! pa?1 satisfies ! dem& ( ei!r ,old ,te/am5t or ,new ,te/am5t religion4 ,bo? raise ! truly religi\s life above t into ! region ( self-devot+ love2 & !y bo? d5y spiritual validity to all acts1 h[ev] good !y may be 9 !mselves1 :i* d n foll[ love z its free & uncalculat+ expression4 ,yet !y bo? deal ) m5 z rational be+s :o c e/imate ! results ( _! acts1 & w>n !m ( ! dea? :i* mu/ be ! end ( e o!r way ( suppos$ salvation4 ,9 ?is mann] !y keep ! pa? betwe5 extremes1 ignor+ nei!r ! inn] he>t ( religion nor w9d+ !mselves too high = s9ful m54 ,h[ h>d x is to keep to ?is reasonable b spiritual view is se5 by popul> ab]rations bo? )9 & )\t ! ,*ur*4 ,at times 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur* ,*ri/ian tea*]s h all[$ _! m9ds to be s dom9at$ by ! t]ror ( judgm5t t judgm5t has seem$ to ! _w to be ! sole burd5 ( _! message4 ,z a reaction f t aga91 o!r tea*]s h aris5 :o put =w>d ! love ( ,god 9 su* a "o-sid$ way z to empty x ( all its sev]e b glori\s sublimity2 z if1 l ,mohamm$1 !y believ$ ,god 0 m9d$ ma9ly to make religion easy unto m54 ,outside ! ,*ur* ! same discord prevails4 ,"s secul> writ]s praise ^? religions :i* decl>e t a man's fate is decid$ at ! judgm5t by ! balance ( m]it ov] dem]it 9 8 acts2 :ile o!rs mock at any judgm5t1 & commit !mselves ) a light he>t to ! half-amus$ tol]ance ( ! ,div9e good-nature4 ,b ! tea*+ :i* comb9es bo? elem5ts c alone su/a9 & be> up a wor?y spiritual life4 ,to rely ^u t]ror only1 is to ignore ! v ess5ce ( true religion & ! bett] elem5ts 9 ! nature ( man2 = t w n be dom9at$ by fe> alone4 ,to ?9k ( ! ,div9e love z a lazy1 self-indulg5t laxity1 is to degrade ! ,div9e nature1 & to =get t ! possibility ( wra? is b\nd up 9 all love t is wor?y ( ! "n4 ,"o o!r po9t is wor?y ( rem>k4 ,9 ^! *apt]s1 :i* deal ) ! hi/ory ( ,god's *os5 p 9 _! relations ) ,him1 !re come out ! v elem5ts :i* di/+ui% ! p]sonal religion ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,! beg9n+ & end ( x all is ! free grace ( ,god4 ,god elect$ ,8 p t !y might be ,8 in/rum5t = bless+ ! _w1 n because ( any goodness 9 !m1 = !y 7 p]v]se & rebelli\s1 b because ,he _h s det]m9$ & _h promis$ to ! fa!rs4 ,he _h deliv]$ !m f ! bondage ( ,egypt by ,8 mighty p[]1 & dwelt among !m !nce=? z among no o!r p4 ,he gave !m a l& to dwell 91 & !re z 9 ,8 own h\se ,he wat*$ & t5d$ !m1 & /rove to lead !m upw>ds to ! height ( _! call+ z ! p ( ,god by dem&+ ( !m fai? & love4 ,x is a v enlight5+ rem>k ( ,rob]tson ,smi?'s t ! deliv]ance out ( ,egypt 0 to ,israel 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t :at conv]sion is to ! individual ,*ri/ian accord+ to ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,tak+ t z our />t+-po9t1 we see t ! ?\ght ( ,deut]onomy is precisely ! ?\ght ( ,romans4 ,x is said1 & truly en\gh1 t ! ,paul9e !ology 0 a direct transcript ( ,paul's own exp]i5ce2 b we see f ?is t he did n ne$ to =m ! m\lds = 8 own fundam5tal ?\ghts4 ,long be=e him ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy _h =m$ ^!1 & !y mu/ h be5 famili> to e in/ruct$ ,jew4 ,b ! recognition ( ?is is n a loss b a ga94 ,if ,/4 ,paul _h f\nd$ a !ory ( ! univ]sal action ( ,god ^u ! s\l only on ! gr\nds ( 8 own v peculi> exp]i5ce1 x might be argu$ t ! basis ( 8 tea*+ _h be5 too p]sonal to p]mit u to feel sure t 8 view 0 really z exhau/ive z he ?\ght4 ,we see1 h[ev]1 t :at he exp]i5c$ ! ,deut]onomi/ _h long be=e trac$ 9 ! hi/ory ( 8 p2 & mo/ probably he w\ld n h trac$ x ) s firm a h& _h he n himself _h exp]i5ce ( a simil> k9d 9 8 p]sonal relations ) ,god4 ,?is me?od ( conceiv+ ! relation ( ,god to ! high] life ( man1 !re=e1 is /at$ by ! ,scriptures z normal4 ,! free grace ( ,god is ! s\rce & ! su/a9] ( all spiritual life1 :e!r 9 individuals or communities4 ,ultimately1 beh9d all ! successful or unsuccessful ef=ts ( ! human he>t & w1 we are taught to see ! great ,giv]1 wait+ to be graci\s1 will+ t all m5 %\ld be sav$1 b act+ ) ! /range/ res]ves & limitations1 *oos+ ,israel among ! nations1 & ev5 )9 ,israel *oos+ ! ,israel 9 :om alone ! promises c be realis$4 ,made to s]ve by human s91 ,he waits ^u ! caprices ( ! wills ,he has creat$4 ,he does n =ce !m2 b ) compassionate pati5ce ,he builds up ,8 ,holy ,temple ( su* liv+ /ones z (f] !mselves1 & )\t ha/e z )\t re/ prep>es = ! consummation ( ,8 "w 9 ! r$emption ( a p t %all be all prophets1 a k+dom ( prie/s1 a holy nation unto :om all nations %all jo9 !mselves :5 !y see t ,god is 9 !m ( a tru?4 ,t is ! ,old ,te/am5t conception ( ! s\rce1 & gu>antee1 & goal ( all spiritual life 9 ! _w1 & ,/4 ,paul's view is m]ely a m mature & def9ite =m ( ! same ?+4 ,& :]ev] spiritual life has manife/$ itself ) unusual p[]1 ! same consci\sness ( utt] unwor?9ess on ! "p ( man1 & entire dep5d5ce ^u ! grace & fav\r ( ,god1 has also manife/$ itself4 ,! intellectual difficulties connect$ ) ?is view1 great z !y are1 h nev] suppress$ x2 ! pride ( man & 8 fai? 9 himself h n be5 able p]man5tly to obscure x4 ,! great] m5 are1 ! m entirely d !y dread any approa* to t self-exaltation :i* puts away z unnecess>y ! ,div9e h& /ret*$ out to !m4 ,z ,dean ,*ur* po9ts out1#fi n ,hebrew prophets only1 b ! hea!n poets ( ,greece look$ ) peculi> & pr(\nd al>m ^u ! haughty self-suffici5cy ( m54 ,no?+ c1 !y ?9k1 w>d (f evil f ! man :o makes ! mi/ake ( suppos+1 ev5 :5 c>ry+ out ! ,div9e w1 t he ne$s only 8 own /r5g? ( bra9 & w & arm to succe$1 t he is acc\ntable to no "o = ! "* :i* he p]mits success to build up )9 him4 #fi ,ca!dral ,s]mons1 p4 #bf4 ,ev5 ! agno/ic ( to-day1 z repres5t$ by ,pr(essor ,huxley1 _c d )\t "s modicum ( grace 9 8 conception ( man's relation to ! p[]s ( nature1 ?\gh to admit ?is is to run a rift ( inconsi/5cy ?r\gh 8 :ole sy/em ( ?\ght4 ,suppose1 he says 9 8 ,lay ,s]mons1 x 7 p]fectly c]ta9 t ! life & future ( e "o ( u w\ld1 "o day or o!r1 dep5d on 8 w9n+ or los+ a game at *ess4444 ,! *essbo>d is ! _w1 ! pieces are ! ph5om5a ( ! univ]se1 ! rules ( ! game are :at we call ! laws ( nature4 ,! play] on ! o!r side is hidd5 f u4 ,we "k t 8 play is always fair1 j1 pati5t4 ,b we "k to our co/ t he nev] ov]looks a mi/ake1 or makes ! smalle/ all[ance = ignorance4 ,to ! man :o plays well ! highe/ /akes are paid ) t ov]fl[+ g5]osity ) :i* ! /rong %[s delight 9 /r5g?1 & "o :o plays ill is *eckmat$ )\t ha/e1 b )\t remorse4 ,my metaphor w rem9d y ( ! fam\s picture 9 :i* ! ,evil ,"o is depict$ play+ a game ( *ess ) man = 8 s\l4 ,sub/itute = ! mock+ fi5d 9 t picture a calm1 /rong angel1 play+1 z we say1 = love1 & :o w\ld r lose ?an w91 & ,i %\ld accept x z ! image ( human life4 ,ev5 9 a _w )\t ,god1 !re=e1 ! facts ( life sugge/ ju/ice1 pati5ce1 g5]osity1 & a pity :i* w\ld r lose ?an w94 ,) all ! inexorable rig\r & h>dness ( man's lot !re is m+l$ some?+ t sugge/s grace 9 ! p[] t rules ! _w2 & f ! ,deut]onomi/ to ,/4 ,paul1 f ,augu/9e to ,calv9 & ,pr(essor ,huxley1 ! resolutely ?or\gh ?9k]s h f\nd1 9 ! la/ analysis1 ^! two elem5ts1 ! rig\r ( law & ! election ( grace1 work+ toge!r 9 ! m\ld+ ( mank9d4 ,! /atem5t ( ^! facts 9 ,deut]onomy is z ?or\gh z any t succe$$ x4 ,! rig\r ( law c\ld n be m precisely & pa!tically decl>$ ?an 9 ?is insi/5ce on ! bless+ or ! curse :i* mu/ inevitably foll[ "r *oice or wrong4 ,b ! t5d]ness ( grace c\ld n be m attractively display$ ?an 9 ?is picture ( ,yahweh's deal+s ) ,israel4 ,love nev] faile? "h1 no m ?an else:]e4 ,x p]si/s1 not)/&+ /iff-neck$ rebellion1 & 9 spite ( co>se mat]ialism ( nature4 ,ev5 a *ildi% fickl5ess1 m utt]ly try+ ?an any o!r weakness or defect1 _c we> x out4 ,b inexorable bless+ or curse is bl5d$ ) x1 & helps to "w out ! f9al result = ,israel & mank9d4 ,t is ! mann] ( ! gov]nm5t ( ,god1 accord+ to ! ,scriptures4 ,hi/ory 9 its long c\rse z kn[n to u n[ confirms ! view2 & ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy1 9 ?us bl5d+ love & law toge!r 9 ! end ( ?is great exhortation1 has re/$ ! obligation to ob$i5ce on a f\ndation :i* _c be mov$4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,law ,,& ,,religion ,,deut4 xii4-xxvi4 ,) ?is section 7*apt]s xii4-xxvi47 we h at l5g? rea*$ ! legislation to :i* all t has gone be=e is1 9 =m at lea/1 a prelude4 ,b 9 its g5]al outl9e ?is code1 if x c be s call$1 has a v unexpect$ "*4 ,:5 we speak ( a code ( laws 9 mod]n days1 :at we mean is a s]ies ( /atutes1 c>efully arrang$ "u suitable heads1 deal+ ) ! rights & duties ( ! p1 & provid+ rem$ies = all possible wrongs4 ,!n beh9d ^! laws !re is ! executive p[] ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 pl$g$ to en=ce !m1 & ready to puni% any brea*es ( !m :i* may be committ$4 ,9 mo/ cases1 too1 def9ite p5alties are appo9t$ = any disreg>d or transgression ( !m4 ,ea* ^w has be5 c>efully select$1 & x is und]/ood t ! v lett] ( ! laws is to be b9d+4 ,e "o tri$ by !m kn[s t ! exact t]ms ( ! laws are to be press$ aga9/ him1 & t ! ?+ aim$ at is a rigor\s1 lit]al en=cem5t ( e detail4 ,tri$ by su* a conception1 ?is ,deut]onomic legislation looks v extraord9>y & un9telligible4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !re is v little ( ord]ly sequ5ce 9 x4 ,"s l>ge sections ( x h a consecutive "*2 b !re is no p]ceptible ord] 9 ! succession ( ^! sections1 & !re has be5 v little attempt to gr\p ! individual precepts "u relat$ heads4 ,moreov] 9 _m sections !re is no m5tion ( a p5alty = disob$i5ce1 nor is !re any ma*9]y = en=c+ ! prescriptions ( ! code4 ,!re is1 too1 mu* 9 x t seems r to be good advice1 or direction = lead+ a righte\s life1 a life becom+ an ,israelite & a s]vant ( ,yahweh1 ?an law4 ,= in/ance1 su* a prescription z ?is1 ,if !re be ) !e a poor man1 "o ( ?y bre?r51 )9 any ( ?y gates1 9 ?y l& :i* ,yahweh ?y ,god give? !e1 ?\ %alt n h>d5 ?9e he>t nor %ut ?9e h& f ?y poor bro!r1 c 9 no s5se be treat$ z a law1 9 ! h>d te*nical s5se ( t ^w4 ,x /&s exactly on a level ) ! exhortations ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 e4g4 ,be n wise 9 y\r own conceits1 ,r5d] to no man evil = evil1 & r sets up an ideal ( conduct :i* is to be /riv5 aft] ?an e/abli%es a law :i* mu/ be compli$ )4 ,!re is no puni%m5t prescrib$ = disob$i5ce4 ,all t foll[s if a man d h>d5 8 he>t aga9/ 8 poor bro!r is ! /+ ( consci5ce1 :i* br+s home to him t he is n liv+ accord+ to ! w ( ,god4 ,9 almo/ e respect1 !re=e1 ?is ,deut]onomic code diff]s f a mod]n code1 & 9 deal+ ) x we mu/ l>gely dismiss ! ideas :i* naturally occur to u :5 we speak ( a code ( laws4 ,our conception ( t is1 cle>ly1 n valid = ^! anci5t codes2 & we ne$ n be surpris$ if we f9d t !y w n be> be+ press$ home 9 all _! details1 z mod]n codes mu/ be1 & are meant to be4 ,great practical difficulties h aris5 9 ,india1 ,sir ,h5ry ,ma9e assures u1 f apply+ ! ideas ( ,we/]n lawy]s to ! anci5t & sacr$ codes ( ! ,ea/4 ,he says t ! effect ( a proc$ure "u :i* all ! disputes ( a community mu/ be ref]r$ to regul> law-c\rts is to /]eotype asc]ta9$ usages1 & to treat ! oracul> precepts ( a sacr$ book z texts & prec$5ts t mu/ be en=c$4 ,! consequ5ce is t vague & ela/ic social ord9ances1 :i* h hi!rto v>i$ accord+ to ! ne$s ( ! p1 become fix$ & immutable1 & an ,asiatic society f9ds itself arre/$ &1 s to speak1 imprison$ unexpect$ly )9 its own =mulas4 ,inconsi/5cies & contradictions1 :i* 7 nev] p]ceiv$ :5 ^! laws 7 work$ by ,ea/]ns1 :o _h a k9d ( in/9ctive p]ception ( _! true nature1 became gl>+ & tr\blesome "u ,we/]n rule1 & mu* un9t5tional wrong has result$4 ,may x n be t ! same ?+ has happ5$ 9 ! doma9 ( lit]ature 9 connection ) ^! anci5t ,hebrew laws8 ,discrepancies1 small & great1 h be5 ! commonplace ( ,p5tateu* criticism = _m ye>s pa/1 & on !m v f>-rea*+ !ories h be5 built4 ,x may easily be t "s ( ^! are ! result r ( our failure to take into acc\nt ! ela/ic nature ( ,asiatic law1 & t a less /ra9$ application ( mod]n notions w\ld h l$ to a m reasonable int]pretation4 ,b grant+ t ord9>y anci5t law is n to be tak5 9 our rigor\s mod]n s5se1 yet ! fact t :at we are deal+ ) "h is ,div9e law may seem to "s to imply t 9 all its details x 0 meant to be fulfill$ to ! lett]4 ,if n1 !n 9 :at s5se is x inspir$1 & h[ c we be ju/ifi$ 9 reg>d+ x z ,div9ely giv58 ,! reply to t is1 ( c\rse1 simply ?is1 t inspiration makes free use ( all =ms ( expression :i* are common & p]missible at ! "t & place at :i* x utt]s itself4 ,f all we "k ( ! ,div9e me?ods ( act+ 9 ! _w1 we h no "r to suppose t 9 giv+ inspir$ laws ,god w\ld create entirely new & diff]5t =ms = ,himself4 ,on ! contr>y1 legislation 9 anci5t ,israel1 ?\gh ,div9e 9 its s\rce1 w\ld naturally take ! ord9>y =ms ( anci5t law4 ,moreov] 9 ?is case x c\ld h>dly h be5 o!rwise4 ,z has already be5 po9t$ out1 a l>ge "p ( ! ,mosaic legislation mu/ h be5 adopt$ f ! cu/oms ( ! v>i\s tribes :o 7 weld$ into "o by ,moses4 ,x _c be conceiv$ t ! laws aga9/ /eal+1 = example1 ! p5alties = murd]1 or ! prescriptions = sacrifice1 c h be5 fir/ introduc$ by ! great ,lawgiv]4 ,he made mu* anci5t cu/om>y law to be "p & p>cel ( ! ,yahwi/ic legislation by simply tak+ x ov]4 ,if s1 !n all t he add$ w\ld naturally1 z to =m1 be m\ld$ on :at he f\nd pre-exi/+4 ,consequ5tly we may apply to ?is law1 :e!r ,div9ely reveal$ or adopt$1 ! same te/s & me?ods ( int]pretation z we %\ld apply to any o!r body ( anci5t ,ea/]n law4 ,n[ ( anci5t ,ea/]n codes ! laws ( ,manu are ! ne>e/ approa* to ! ,mosaic codes1 & _! "* is ?us /at$ by !mselves 7*ap4 i41 v]4 #ajg73 ,9 ?is "w ! sacr$ law has be5 fully /at$1 z well z ! good & bad qualities ( human actions & ! immemorial rule ( conduct to be foll[$ by all4 ,t means t 9 ! code are to be f\nd ritual laws1 g5]al moral precepts1 & a l>ge infusion ( immemorial cu/oms4 ,& its hi/ory1 z elicit$ by criticism1 has v int]e/+ h9ts to give u z to ! probable c\rse ( legal developm5t 9 primitive nations4 ,x is sometimes said t ! results ( ! criticism ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 if true1 pres5t u ) a lit]ature :i* has gone ?r\gh vicissitudes & editorial processes = :i* lit]>y hi/ory else:]e af=ds absolutely no p>allel4 ,h[ev] t may be z reg>ds ! hi/orical & prophetical books1 x is n true ) reg>d to ! legal portions ( ! ,p5tateu*4 ,! v same processes are foll[$ 9 ,pr(essor ,buhl]'s ,introduction to 8 translation ( ! ,laws ( ,manu1 =m+ ,vol4 ,,xxv4 ( ,! ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 z are foll[$ 9 ! critical comm5t>ies on ! ,old ,te/am5t law codes4 ,pages lxvii4 seq4 ( ,buhl]'s ,introduction read exactly l an extract f ,ku55 or ,dillmann2 & ! analysis ( ! text1 ) its resultant li/ ( int]polations1 runs z mu* into detail z any simil> analysis 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t c d4 ,moreov] ! conjectures z to ! gr[? ( ,manu's code are1 9 _m places1 p>allel to ! critical !ories ( ! gr[? ( ! ,mosaic codes4 ,! f\ndation ( ,manu is1 9 ! la/ resort1 ?reefold--! tea*+ ( ! ,v$as1 ! decisions ( ^? acqua9t$ ) ! law1 & ! cu/oms ( virtu\s ,aryas4 ,at a lat] "t ! tea*]s ( ! ,v$ic s*ools ga!r$ up ! m important ( ^! precepts1 decisions1 & cu/oms into manuals = ! use ( _! pupils1 writt5 at fir/ 9 aphori/ic prose1 & lat] 9 v]se4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 7 n sy/ematic codes at all4 ,z ! "n giv5 !m implies1 !y 7 /r+s ( maxims or aphorisms4 ,lat]1 ^! 7 set =? z b9d+ ^u all1 & 7 revis$ into ! =m ( :i* ! ,laws ( ,manu is ! f9e/ specim54 ,9 ,israel ! process w\ld appe> to h be5 simil>1 ?\gh mu* simpl]4 ,x 0 simil>2 = ?\gh !re are radical diff]5ces betwe5 ! ,aryan & ! ,semitic m9d :i* mu/ n be ov]look$1 ! =m] be+ m sy/ematic & fond ( logical arrangem5t ?an ! latt]1 a great _m ( ! ?+s :i* are common to ,moses & ,manu are q indep5d5t ( race1 & are due to ! fact t bo? legislations 7 to regulate ! lives ( m5 at ! same /age ( social advancem5t4 ,b ,manu 0 mu* lat] ?an ,moses4 ,inde$1 z we n[ h !m1 ! laws ( ,manu are z late z ! po/-,ezraite ,judaic code1 & 9 temp] & tone ^! two codes v ne>ly resemble ea* o!r4 ,consequ5tly ! e>li] codes ( ! ,p5tateu* are simpl] ?an ,manu4 ,:5 ,israel left ,egypt1 cu/om mu/ h be5 almo/ alone ! guide ( life4 ,moses' task 0 to promulgate & =ce home 8 fundam5tal tru?s2 9 ?is view he mu/ adopt & remodel ! cu/om>y law s z to make x innocu\s to ! high] pr9ciples he introduc$1 or ev5 to make x a vehicle = ! popul>is+ ( !m4 ,s f> z he made codes1 he w\ld make !m ) t end4 ,consequ5tly he w\ld take up ma9ly su* prom95t po9ts z 7 mo/ capable ( be+1 or :i* mo/ urg5tly ne$$ to be1 moralis$1 leav+ all ! re/ to cu/om :]e x 0 h>mless4 ,?is is ! reason1 too1 mo/ probably1 :y ! e>li] codes are s %ort & s unsy/ematic4 ,!y are selections :i* ne$$ special att5tion1 n complete codes cov]+ ! :ole ( life4 ,9 fact ! =m & cont5ts ( all ! ,old ,te/am5t codes c be acc\nt$ = only on ?is supposition4 ,z ! codes l5g!n1 !y d s simply by tak+ up1 9 a modifi$ or unmodifi$ =m1 s mu* m ( ! cu/om2 & "u ! pressure ( ,yahwi/ic ideas ^! select$ codes became m & m weight$ ) spiritual significance & p[]4 ,t w\ld seem to h be5 ! process by :i* ! inspir$ legislators ( ,israel did _! "w2 & if x be s1 "s ( ! v>iations :i* are n[ tak5 to be c]ta9 indications ( diff]5t ages & circum/ances may simply repres5t local v>ieties ( ! same cu/om4 ,cu/om t5ds always to v>y ) ! locality )9 c]ta9 n>r[ limits4 ,x w\ld be q 9 accord ) ! g5]al "* ( anci5t cu/om>y law to believe t1 provid$ ! law 0 on ! :ole obs]v$1 !re w\ld be no incl9ation to insi/ ^u exclud+ small local v>iations2 & equally s t 9 a collection l ! ,p5tateu* ! cu/om ( "o locality %\ld appe> 9 "o place1 t ( ano!r 9 ano!r4 ,9 t case1 to insi/ t a c]ta9 sacrifice1 = example1 %all always consi/ ( ! same numb] ( animals1 & t any v>iation means a new & lat] legislation on ! subject1 is only to make a mi/ake4 ,! discrepancy is made important only by apply+ mod]n ,engli% views ( law to anci5t law4 ,pr(essor ,a4 ,b4 ,davidson has %[n 9 ! ,introduction to 8 ,ezekiel 7p4 liii47 t ?is latt] 0 probably ,ezekiel's view4 ,on any hypo!sis ( priority1 he says1 ! diff]5ces 9 details betwe5 him 7i4e4 ,ezekiel7 & ! law 7i4e4 ,p7 may be easie/ expla9$ by suppos+ t1 :ile ! sacrifices 9 g5]al & ! ideas :i* !y express$ 7 fix$ & curr5t1 ! p>ticul>s1 su* z ! k9d ( victims & ! numb] ( !m1 ! precise quantity ( meal1 oil1 & ! l1 7 held non-ess5tial & alt]able :5 a *ange w\ld bett] express ! idea4 ,! same pr9ciple w\ld apply to ! diff]5ces betwe5 ,ezekiel & ,deut]onomy1 e4g4 ! omission ( ! fea/ ( weeks & ( ! law ( ! (f]+ ( ! fir/l+s ( ! flock4 ,if s1 !n obvi\sly ,ezekiel mu/ h ?\ght t ! previ\s ritual law 0 n meant to be z b9d+ z we make x4 ,b1 z has already be5 rem>k$1 ?is law 0 ela/ic 9 m important matt]s2 (t51 ev5 :5 x seems to legislate1 x is only sett+ up ideals ( conduct4 ,be=e we leave ?is subject an example %\ld be giv51 & ! law ( w> may s]ve1 especially if we comp>e x ) ! correspond+ section ( ,manu4 ,! provisions 9 ,deut]onomy *ap4 xx4 accord+ to :i* on ! eve ( a battle ! (fic]s %\ld proclaim to ! army t any man :o _h built a new h\se & _h n d$icat$ x1 or :o _h plant$ a v9ey>d & _h n yet us$ ! fruit ( x1 or :o _h betro!d a wife & n yet tak5 h]1 or :o 0 afraid1 %\ld retire f ! dang]1 z also ! provisions t =bid ! de/ruction ( fruit-trees belong+ to a besieg$ city1 _c h be5 meant z absolute laws4 ,yet t is no gr\nd = suppos+ t !y c\ld h be5 introduc$ only aft] ,israel1 hav+ ceas$ to be a sov]eign /ate1 wag$ no w>1 & t consequ5tly !y are int]polations 9 ! orig9al ,deut]onomy4 ,= ! simil> provisions ( ! laws ( ,manu 7 giv5 :ile k+s reign$1 & 7 address$ to m5 con/antly engag$ 9 w>4 ,yet ?is is :at we f9d3 ,:5 he 7! k+7 fights ) 8 foes 9 battle1 let him n /rike ) weapons conceal$ 79 wood71 nor ) 7su* z are7 b>b$1 poison$1 or ! po9ts ( :i* are bl[+ ) fire4 ,let him n /rike "o :o 79 flight7 has climb$ on an em95ce1 nor a eunu*1 nor "o :o jo9s ! palms ( 8 h&s 79 supplication71 nor "o 7:o flees7 ) fly+ hair1 nor "o :o sits d[n1 nor "o :o says ',i am ?9e1' nor "o :o sleeps1 nor "o :o has lo/ 8 coat ( mail1 nor "o :o is nak$1 nor "o :o is dis>m$1 nor "o :o looks on )\t tak+ "p 9 ! fight1 nor "o :o is fight+ ) ano!r foe1 nor "o ^: weapons are brok51 nor "o afflict$ 7) sorr[71 nor "o :o has be5 griev\sly w\nd$1 nor "o :o is 9 fe>1 nor "o :o has turn$ to flight2 b 9 all ^! cases let him rememb] ! duty 7( hon\rable w>riors74 ,) an exact & unremitt+ obligation to obs]ve ^! precepts w> w\ld be impossible1 & we may be sure t 9 nei!r case 7 !y meant 9 t s5se4 ,!y simply set =? ! conduct :i* a *ivalr\s soldi] w\ld desire to foll[1 & w\ld on fitt+ occasions actually foll[2 b by no means :at he mu/ d1 or else break ) 8 religion4 ,only by hypo!ses l ^! c ! =m & ! "* ( su* laws be prop]ly expla9$1 & if we keep !m con/antly 9 m9d1 "s at lea/ ( ! difficulties :i* result f a comp>ison ( ! law & ! hi/ories may be mitigat$4 ,su* be+ ! "* ( ! ,deut]onomic code1 ! "q has be5 rais$ :e!r its introduction & acceptance by ,josiah 0 n a fall+ away f ! spirituality ( anci5t religion4 ,_m mod]n writ]s1 support$ by ,/4 ,paul's dicta conc]n+ ! law1 say t x 04 ,inde$ ! v m5tion ( law seems to depress writ]s on religion 9 ^! days1 & ,deut]onomy appe>s to be to !m a "n ( fe>4 ,b :atev] t5d5cies ( mod]n ?9k+ may h br\ght ?is ab\t1 x is nev]!less true t exp]i5ce embodi$ 9 cu/om & law is ! k9dly nurse1 n ! deadly enemy1 ( moral & spiritual life4 ,)\t law a nation w\ld be absolutely helpless2 & x is inconceivable t at any /age ( ,israel's hi/ory !y 7 )\t ?is guide & support4 ,z we h se51 !y nev] 74 ,fir/ !y _h cu/om>y law2 !n along ) t %ort special codes1 e4g4 ! ,book ( ! ,cov5ant & ! ,deut]onomic code2 & ev5 :5 ! :ole ,p5tateu*al law z we h x _h be5 elaborat$1 a good deal mu/ /ill h be5 left to cu/om4 ,consequ5tly !re 0 no?+ s />tl+ & revolution>y 9 ! introduction ( ,deut]onomy z _m h comb9$ to repres5t4 ,inde$ x is difficult to see h[ x alt]$ any?+ 9 ?is respect4 ,( all =ms ( law1 cu/om>y law is p]haps t :i* dem&s & receives mo/ unsw]v+ ob$i5ce4 ,"u x1 !re=e1 ! pressure ( law 0 heavi] ?an x c\ld be 9 any o!r =m4 ,x does n appe> h[ ! fact t ^? obs]v+ x did n ?9k ( t :i* !y obey$ z law1 b simply cu/om1 alt]$ ! ess5tial nature ( _! relation to x4 ,!y 7 guid$ by ord9ances :i* did n express _! own inw>d conviction1 & 7 n a product ( _! own ?\ght4 ,!y obey$ ord9ances f )\t1 & ^! ought !re=e to h _h ! same effect ^u ! moral & spiritual life z writt5 laws4 ,= !y _c be said to h regulat$ only civil life4 ,religi\s life 7ev5 if ! ,book ( ! ,cov5ant be ,mosaic or sub-,mosaic1 z ,i believe2 mu* m if x be po/-,davidic1 z _m say7 mu/ h be5 l>gely regulat$ by ! cu/oms ( ,israel4 ,if law !n be 9 its own nature1 z ! ant9omians tell u1 de/ructive ( spontaneity & progress1 if x necess>ily ext]nalises religion1 !n !re w\ld h be5 z little room = ! religion ( ! prophets be=e ,deut]onomy z aft] x4 ,b1 z a matt] ( fact1 no fall+ (f 9 spirituality took place aft] ,deut]onomy4 ,wellhaus5 says t ) law fre$om came to an end1 & ?is 0 ! dea? ( prophecy4 ,b he c support 8 !sis only by d5y+ ! "n ( prophet to all ! prophets aft] ,j]emiah4 ,x is difficult to see ! basis ( su* a di/9ction4 ,x is judg$ by ?is1 if by no?+ else--t x compels ,wellhaus5 to d5y t ! au?or ( ,second ,isaiah is a prophet4 ,t he wrote anonym\sly is held to prove t he felt ?is himself4 ,n[ a view s extraord9>ily sup]ficial has no root1 & e read] ( t mo/ t\*+ & sublime ( all ! ,old ,te/am5t books w simply /& amaz$ at ! dep? ( ! critical prejudice :i* c\ld dictate su* a judgm5t4 ,if ! po/-,deut]onomic prophets are n prophets1 !n !re are no prophets at all1 & ! :ole discussion becomes a useless logoma*y4 ,b ev5 if ,ezekiel & ,second ,isaiah & ! re/ are n prophets1 !y are at lea/ full ( spiritual life & p[]1 s t ! decay ( spiritual religion :i* ! adoption ( ,deut]onomy is suppos$ to h br\ght ab\t mu/ be consid]$ purely imag9>y on t gr\nd also4 ,& ?is cont5tion is /r5g!n$ by ! !ories ( ! critical s*ool !mselves4 ,if ! bulk ( ! ,psalms1 z all critics incl9e to believe1 or all ( !m1 z "s say1 are po/-exilic1 !n ! fir/ c5turies ( ! po/-exilic p]iod mu/ h be5 ! mo/ spiritually m9d$ epo* 9 ,israelite hi/ory4 ,! dep? ( religi\s feel+ exhibit$ 9 ! ,psalms1 & ! compreh5sion ( ! inw>dness ( man's true relation to ,god by :i* !y are p5etrat$1 are ! exact contr>y ( ! ext]nality & sup]ficiality :i* ! introduction ( writt5 law is said to h produc$4 ,s long z ! ,psalms 7 be+ writt5 religi\s life mu/ h be5 vigor\s & heal?y1 & to date ! beg9n+s ( ,ph>isaic ext]nalism f ,josiah's day mu/ consequ5tly be an error4 ,aft] :at has be5 said x is sc>cely necess>y to discuss ,duhm's views ( ! opposition betwe5 prophecy & ,deut]onomy4 ,x w be suffici5t to ask h[ ! latt] c h turn$ aga9/ prophecy1 :5 x is 9 its ess5ce an embodim5t ( prophetic pr9ciples 9 law1 & 0 introduc$ & support$ by prophets4 ,b1 x may be said1 aft] all prophecy did decay1 & ultimately die1 & t too dur+ ! p]iod aft] ,deut]onomy4 ,is !re n 9 t admitt$ fact a presumption t ?is law did "w aga9/ prophecy8 ,if s1 !n x is m ?an met by ! fact t ! decay ( spiritual religion became noticeable only "s c5turies aft] ?is1 & t ! imm$iate effect ( ,deut]onomy 0 r to deep5 & int5sify religion1 & to keep x alive amid all ! vicissitudes ( ! ,captivity & ,return4 ,moreov] ! break-up ( ! national life 0 suffici5t to acc\nt = ! sl[ decay & f9al cessation ( prophecy4 ,f ! fir/1 prophecy _h be5 conc]n$ ) ! build+ up ( a nation :i* %\ld be fai?ful to ,yahweh4 ,its ma9 function _h be5 to int]pret & to =etell ! great movem5ts & crises ( national life--to read ,god's purpose 9 ! great _w-movem5ts & to proclaim x4 ,) ,israel's dea? z a nation ! field ( prophecy became gradually circumscrib$1 & ultimately its voice ceas$4 ,consequ5tly1 ?\gh 9 ! ma9 ! f9al cessation ( prophecy 0 connect$ ) ! rise ( ext]nalism 9 religion & ) ! great decay ( spiritual life 9 ! two or ?ree c5turies be=e ,*ri/1 ! de/ruction ( ! nation w\ld acc\nt = ! feebl5ess ( prophecy dur+ a p]iod :5 ! inn] spiritual life 0 fl\ri%+ z x fl\ri%$ aft] ,deut]onomy4 ,moreov]1 z religion became m inw>d & p]sonal1 prophecy1 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t s5se1 _h less place4 ,?\gh 9 ,new ,te/am5t times spiritual life & spiritual orig9ality & p[] 7 m pres5t ?an at any "t 9 ! _w's hi/ory1 prophecy did n revive4 ,9 ! :ole ,new ,te/am5t !re is n "o purely prophetic book save ! ,revelation1 & t is apocalyptic m ?an simply prophetic2 & ?\gh !re 0 an ord] ( prophets 9 ! e>ly ,*ur*1 if !y _h any special function o!r ?an t ( prea*]s _! (fice soon di$ out4 ,if !n ! d5ationalis+ ( religion & its gr[? 9 individualism & inw>dness 9 ,new ,te/am5t times prev5t$ ! revival ( prophecy1 we may surely ga!r t ! same ?+s1 & n ! introduction ( writt5 law1 br\ght x to an end 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,nor does ,/4 ,paul's judgm5t z to ! mean+ & use ( law1 9 ,galatians1 :5 rightly und]/ood1 contradict ?is4 ,no d\bt he seems to say t ! ,mosaic law by its v nature z law is incompatible ) grace1 t x necess>ily /&s out ( relation to fai?1 & t its pr9ciple is a purely ext]nal "o1 s mu* wages = s mu* "w4 ,fur!r1 he cle>ly reg>ds x z hav+ be5 int]polat$ into ! hi/ory ( ,israel betwe5 ! promises giv5 to ,abraham & ! fulfilm5t ( !m 9 ! r$emption by ,*ri/1 & z hav+ s]v$ only to increase s9 & to drive m5 ?us to ,*ri/4 ,b :5 he says ?is he is reply+ ma9ly to ! ,ph>isaic view ( ! law :i* 0 repres5t$ by ! ,judaiz]s1 & f9ds himself all ! m at home 9 refut+ x t x 0 8 own view be=e he became a ,*ri/ian4 ,accord+ to t view1 ! :ole law1 bo? ! moral & c]emonial provisions ( x1 0 necess>y to obta9 moral righte\sness1 & ! m]e do+ ( ! legally prescrib$ ?+s gave a claim to ! promis$ rew>d4 ,s int]pret$1 law _h all ! evil qualities he /ates1 & /ood 9 absolute ho/ility to grace & fai?1 ! great ,*ri/ian pr9ciples4 ,! only difficulty is t ,/4 ,paul does n say1 z we %\ld expect him to d1 t orig9ally ! law 0 n meant to be s reg>d$4 ,he seems to admit by 8 sil5ce t ! ,ph>isaic view ( ! law 0 ! "r "o4 ,b if he does1 he _c h meant to include ,deut]onomy4 ,= !re law is made to h its root & gr\nd 9 grace4 ,x is giv5 to ,israel z a tok5 ( ! free love ( ,god1 & x is a law ( life :i*1 if kept1 w\ld make !m a peculi> p unto ,god4 ,fur!r1 love to ,god is to be ! motive f :i* all ob$i5ce spr+s1 s t ?is law is b\nd up ) bo? grace & fai?4 ,b ! probability is t ,/4 ,paul admits ! ,ph>isaic view only because x is t view ) :i* alone he has to cont5d 9 ! case 9 h&4 ,= 9 ,romans vii4 he gives u q ano!r conception ( ! ,mosaic law4#gj ,!re he is ?9k+ ( x ma9ly f an e?ical po9t ( view1 & he reg>ds x z full ( ! ,_s ( ,god1 z a norm ( moral life :i* n only cont9ues to be valid 9 ,*ri/ianity1 b :i* f9ds 9 ! ,*ri/ian life ! v fulfilm5t :i* x 0 int5d$ to h4 ,x presses home too ! moral ideal ^u ! man ) extraord9>y p[]1 & m>ks & emphasises ! t]rible div]g5ce betwe5 8 aspirations & 8 actual p]=mance4 ,?is is a mu* high] (fice ?an t :i* he assigns to law 9 ,galatians2 & h5ce "o ga!rs t he is n speak+ 9 ,galatians exhau/ively & conclusively1 b is condemn+ r a way ( reg>d+ ! ,mosaic law ) :i* he _h once sympa?is$ ?an t law 9 its own ess5tial "*4 ,9 its moral aspects1 z repres5t$ by ! ,decalogue1 ! law is ( et]nal obligation4 ,f x comes ! light :i* br+s to ! ,*ri/ian t moral unre/ & dissatisfaction :i* is "o ( ,god's ,div9e/ gifts to ,8 p4 ,9 ?is aspect1 ! law is holy & j & good3 in/ead ( fav\r+ ! critical view ,/4 ,paul leaves x )\t any fragm5t ( real support4 #gj ,rits*l's ,re*tf]tigung und ,v]shnung1 vol4 ii41 pp4 #caa ff4 ,our conclusion is1 !re=e1 t ! ant9omianism1 :i* makes ! ackn[l$gm5t ( ,deut]onomy by ,josiah & 8 p ! turn+-po9t = ! worse 9 ! religi\s hi/ory ( ,israel1 is unf\nd$4 ,! nation _h always be5 "u law1 & previ\s to ,deut]onomy "u ev5 writt5 law4 ,?is code 0 n 9 any previ\sly unhe>d-( way made ! law ( ! k+dom4 ,its v cont5ts are conclusive aga9/ t view1 = x conta9s mu* t c\ld n be en=c$ by ! ,/ate4 ,in/ead ( try+ to d by ext]nal means t :i* ! p]suasions ( ! prophets _h fail$ to d1 ,josiah & 8 p did j :at !y w\ld h _h to d1 :5 !y became conv9c$ t ! prophetic pr9ciples ought to be c>ri$ out4 ,!y made an agreem5t to foll[ ^! ,div9e comm&s1 ^! ,god-giv5 pr9ciples1 9 actual life4 ,b !re is no h9t t !y reg>d$ ,deut]onomy z ! sum ( ! ,div9e ord9ances = ! life ( m54 ,inde$ !re are _m ref]5ces to o!r ,div9e laws2 & ! prie/ly oracle rema9$1 aft] ,deut]onomy z be=e x1 a s\rce ( ,div9e guidance4 ,deut]onomy !re=e did n de/roy prophecy2 ! po/-exilic ,psalms are pro( t x did n de/roy spiritual life3 & ! ,paul9e view ( ! law1 9 at lea/ "o s]ies ( passages1 co9cides entirely ) ! view t law /at$ z x is /at$ 9 ,deut]onomy may be "o ( ! mightie/ influ5ces to m\ld1 & enri*1 & deep51 moral & spiritual life4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,laws ,,( ,,sacrifice ,,deut4 xii4 ,x is a *>act]i/ic ( all ! e>li] codes ( law--! ,book ( ! ,cov5ant1 ! ,deut]onomic ,code1 & ! ,law ( ,hol9ess--t at ! head ( ! s]ies ( laws :i* !y conta9 !re %\ld be a law ( sacrifice4 ,probably1 too1 ea* ( ! ?ree _h1 z fir/ section ( all1 ! ,decalogue4 ,! ,book ( ! ,cov5ant & ,deut]onomy und5iably h x s1 & ! e>li] elem5t :i* =ms ! basis ( ,lev4 xvii4-xxvi4 n improbably _h orig9ally ! same =m4 ,if s1 we may assume t ! ord] ( ! precepts has 9 a measure be5 det]m9$ by ! ord] ( ! comm&m5ts4 ,on ?is acc\nt ! laws = ! cultus w\ld naturally come fir/4 ,= j z ! fir/ comm&m5t is1 ,?\ %alt h no o!r god be=e ,me1 & ! second =bids all idolatr\s images1 s ! laws beg9 ) provisions meant 9 ! ma9 to w>d (f idolatry4 ,israel's great call+ 0 to receive & to spread ! tru? conc]n+ ,god4 ,t 0 ! c5tre ( ! sacr$ deposit ( ,div9e & reveal$ tru? committ$ to t nation2 & x is mo/ in/ructive to see h[1 n only 9 hi/orical /atem5ts1 b ev5 9 ! =m 9 :i* e>ly ,israelite legislation is h&$ d[n to u1 ! ,decalogue dom9ates all ! details ( x4 ,x =mulat$ 9 z concrete a %ape z 0 possible ! ,div9e dem& t ,israelites %\ld love ,god & _! neighb\r1 & !re=e ! legislative provisions & /atutes beg9 ) ord9ances deal+ ) sacrifice4 ,to u 9 mod]n times x may seem almo/ ba?os to connect su* an antec$5t ) su* a consequ5t2 b x seems s1 only because we h difficulty 9 appreh5d+ ! mean+ & importance ( sacrifice 9 primitive religion4 ,= sacrifice _h 9 ,israel a mean+ & importance ( its own1 & a pres5t value at e p]iod1 :i* 9 no way dep5d$ ^u its typical or prophetic value z po9t+ =w>d to ! sacrifice ( ,*ri/4 ,x suppli$ ! religi\s ne$s ( m5 ev5 ap>t f ! cle>ness ( _! k ab\t its ultimate purpose4 ,sacrifice1 especially 9 its simple/ mean+1 0 9 hea!nism absolutely ess5tial z a means ( approa* to ,god4 ,to come be=e a great man )\t a gift 0 9 anci5t days an outrage4 ,x 0 !re=e inevitable t m5 %\ld approa* _! gods 9 ! same mann]4 ,sacrificial gifts express$ ! dep5d5t's joy 9 a graci\s "l1 & also ! homage & rev]5ce due f a subject to a k+4 ,fur!r1 z all good ?+s 7 reg>d$ z ! gifts ( ! gods to _! wor%ipp]s1 ! sacrifices convey$ ?anks = good gifts receiv$1 & jo9$ ! gods & _! wor%ipp]s by a common p>ticipation 9 ! ,div9e gift :i* connect$ !m z eat]s at ! same table4 ,b sacrifices _h a high] rea* ( expression ev5 ?an t4 ,z !y 7 br\ght to ! gods !y 7 ! symbols ( ! self-devotion ( ! (f]] to ! s]vice ( 8 god2 & :]e !re 0 ne$ ( propitiation because ( (f5ce consci\sly giv51 or (f5ce felt by ! deity = unkn[n reasons1 ^! gifts took on 9 "s measure a reconcil+ or propitiatory quality4 ,n[ ! ,old ,te/am5t sacrifices _h 9 !m1 unque/ionably1 all ^! elem5ts3 b z ,yahweh 0 high above all hea!n deities 9 moral "*1 !y also took on a dep? & int5sity ( mean+ :i* !y c\ld nev] h on ! soil ( hea!n religi\s conceptions4 ,along ?is l9e ( sacrificial ritual1 !re=e1 all ! spiritual emotions ( ,israel fl[$2 & to hold t sacrifice _h no real place 9 ! religion ( ,yahweh w\ld be almo/ equival5t to say+ t nei!r love1 nor p5it5ce1 nor pray]1 _h any real place 9 x ei!r4 ,all ^! f\nd utt]ance 9 sacrifice & along ) x2 & x has yet to be %[n t !y _h any regul> & acceptable utt]ance o!rwise4 ,to regulate sacrifice & keep x pure mu/1 !re=e1 h be5 "o *ief means ( gu>d+ aga9/ ! degradation ( ,yahweh to ! level ( ! gods ( ! hea!n4 ,b !re is ano!r & v important reason = x4 ,bo? 9 ! days :5 ,moses p>t$ f 8 p1 & also 9 ! "t ( ,manasseh1 ! p /ood confront$ by v special dang] j at ?is po9t4 ,at ! e>li] p]iod !y 7 ab\t to ent] ^u intimate contact ) ! ,canaanites1 _! sup]iors 9 culture & 9 all ! arts ( civilis$ life1 b corrupt$ to ! core4 ,fur!r1 ! ,canaanite corruption 0 focuss$ 9 _! religi\s rites & wor%ip1 & evil c\ld n fail to foll[ if ! p suff]$ !mselves to be drawn into any p>ticipation 9 x4 ,= if ,pr(essor ,rob]tson ,smi? be "r1 ! c5tral po9t ( anci5t sacrifice 0 ! communion betwe5 ! god & 8 wor%ipp]s 9 ! sacrificial fea/4 ,!y became ( "o k9 ) ea* o!r & ) ! god1 & ?is close relation%ip made ! communication ( spiritual & moral infection almo/ a c]ta9ty4 ,9 ,manasseh's day aga9 x 0 natural t legislation on ! same subject1 & w>n+s ( ev5 a m solemn k9d1 %\ld be repeat$4 ,a prophetic lawgiv] writ+ at t date _h be=e him1 n only ! possibility ( evil1 b actual exp]i5ce ( x4 ,! laws & w>n+s ( ! e>li] code _h be5 defi$ & neglect$4 ,! fai? ( ! *os5 p _h be5 mis]ably p]v]t$ by contact ) ! ,canaanites2 ! :ole hi/ory ( prophecy _h be5 a /ruggle aga9/ corrupt & ins9c]e wor%ip2 & n[ ! mon/r\s sacrifices to ,molo* & ! invasion ( ,assyrian idolatry _h degrad$ ,yahweh & de/roy$ ,8 p1 s t sc>ce any hope ( recov]y rema9$4 ,9 brac+ himself = "o m /ruggle ) ?is desp]ate corruption1 ! ,deut]onomi/ naturally repeat$ 9 deep] tones ! ,mosaic w>n+s4 ,! comm& utt]ly to uproot & trample "u foot ! symbols & in/rum5ts ( ,canaanite wor%ip1 he br+s1 f ! less prom95t place x occupies 9 ! ,book ( ! ,cov5ant1 to ! fir/ place 9 8 own code4 ,to break ) t & all o!r =ms ( idolatry1 utt]ly & decisively1 _h come to be ! fir/ condition ( any upw>d movem5t4 ,! degrad+ & defil+ bondage to idolatry into :i* 8 p _h fall5 mu/ end4 ,) trumpet tongue he calls ^u !m to break d[n ! ,canaanite alt>s1 da% 9 pieces _! obelisks1 & burn _! ,a%]im ) fire4 ,to "s mod]ns x may seem t su* excessive en]gy might1 ) bett] effect1 h be5 exp5d$ ^u ! d5unciation ( moral evils1 su* z cruelty & lu/ & oppression1 r ?an ( idolatry4 ,we h gr[n s accu/om$ to ! di/9ctions drawn by ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 & 9 lat] times by ! neo-classici/s1 betwe5 wor%ipp+ ,god ?r\gh an image or a picture1 or 9 any natural object or natural =ce1 & ! actual wor%ip ( ! image or picture or natural object itself1 t we h sophi/icat$ our m9ds4 ,b ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy knew by bitt] exp]i5ce t su* subtle1 &1 9 great "p1 sophi/ical di/9ctions _h no application to 8 p & 8 "t4 ,_! wor/ immoralities 71 he knew well1 root$ 9 _! idol-wor%ip4 ,= idolatry 9 any =m b9ds all t is highe/ 9 man to ! sph]e ( nature1 i4e4 ( moral indiff]5ce4 ,j z a conception ( ,god :i* rigor\sly sep>at$ ,him f nature1 :i* made ,8 w ! supreme impell+ =ce 9 ! _w1 & :i* conceiv$ ,8 ess5tial attributes to be entirely e?ical1 0 ! f\nta9 ( ! high] life 9 ,israel1 s a lapse into idolatry ( any k9d 0 ! negation ( x all4 ,no d\bt "s moral life w\ld h rema9$ 9 ,israel1 ev5 if ! lapse _h become univ]sal4 ,b1 ev5 at its be/1 ?is natural morality ( self-pres]vation has no future & no goal4 ,x does n lead ! van ( human progress2 x m]ely comes aft]1 to ratify ! results ( x4 ,only :5 social morality is tak5 up into a wid] sph]e ?an its own1--only :5 x is conceiv$ z ! pa? by :i* man c co-op]ate ) a sublime purpose ly+ beyond himself1--c x ma9ta9 itself z ! inspiration ( human life1 impell+ to progress & guid+ x4#ga ,n[1 s f> z hi/ory tea*es1 ?is en]gy ( moral life has be5 atta9$ only :]e ! conception ( ,god :i* makes moral p]fection to be ,8 ess5tial nature has be5 accept$ & *]i%$4 ,b no natural religion c rise to t2 h5ce idolatry mu/ always be de/ructive ( e?ical religion4 ,x mu/ de/roy fai? 9 ! moral "* ( ,god4 #ga ,cf4 ,riehm1 ,old ,te/am5t ,!ology1 p4 #be4 ,fur!r1 x mu/ de/roy ! moral "* ( man4 ,9 ! la/ resort all idolat]s are equally acceptable to _! god1 if only !y br+ ! prescrib$ gifts & accurately p]=m ! prescrib$ c]emonies4 ,! lewd & ! *a/e1 ! cruel & ! m]ciful1 ! rev5geful & ! =giv+1 are all equally accept$ :5 !y sacrifice4 ,non-moral or positively immoral gods c c>e no?+ ab\t su* diff]5ces4 ,( ?is fact & its results no man acqua9t$ ) ! hi/ory ( ,israel c\ld d\bt4 ,! ma9 zeal ( ! prophets 0 at all times direct$ aga9/ ^? :o 7 /eep$ 9 moral evil1 b 7 zeal\s 9 all t conc]n$ sacrifice1 & aga9/ ! amaz+ folly ( a p :o ?\ght to b9d ! liv+ ,god to _! cause & _! int]e/s by m]e bribes1 9 ! %ape ( ?\s&s ( bullocks & t5 ?\s& riv]s ( oil4 ,?is conception 0 b\nd up ess5tially ) idolatry4 ,b ! evil ( x 0 int5sifi$ 9 ! ,semitic idolatries ) :i* ,israel specially defil$ itself4 ,_! cruelty & obsc5ity 7 unspeakable4 ,n[ by ,israel's idolatry ,yahweh 0 made to appe> tol]ant ( ,molo* & ,baal1 z if !y 7 equals4 ,e quality :i* ! ,mosaic revelation _h set =? z ess5tial to ! "* ( ,yahweh--,8 purity1 ,8 m]cy1 ,8 tru?--0 outrag$ by ! society :i* ,8 wor%ipp]s 9 ,manasseh's days _h ?ru/ ^u ,him4 ,no re=m1 !n1 _h ! lea/ *ance ( /ability till ! axe 0 laid at ! root ( ?is wide-spread+ upas tree4 ,deut]onomy1 !re=e1 grapples fir/ & grapples ?or\ghly ) ! evil1 & /rikes x a bl[ f :i* x 0 nev] to recov]4 ,! inspir$ writ] repeats ) new en]gy ! old decrees ( utt] de/ruction aga9/ ! ,canaanite sanctu>ies2 = ?\gh ^! 7 = ! mo/ "p no long] 9 ,canaanite h&s1 ! ,high ,places /ill exi/$2 & ! pr9ciple ( t old prohibition 0 m clamant = recognition & realisation ?an x _h ev] be5 9 ! hi/ory ( ,israel be=e4 ,!n he goes on to proclaim ! new law1 t no sacrifice %\ld any long] be (f]$ save at ! "o c5tral sanctu>y *os5 by ,yahweh4 ,!re is no su* provision 9 ! ,book ( ! ,cov5ant1 & !re is no h9t 9 ! legislation ( ,deut]onomy t its au?or knew ( ! ,tab]nacle & its sole "r z a place ( sacrifice4 ,f beg9n+ to end ( ! code he nev] m5tions ! ,tab]nacle nor ! sacrifices !re2 & 9 ! v t]ms 9 :i* he p]mits ! slaught] ( animals = food 9 vv4 #ae1 #af1 & #bj-be1 ?\gh he obvi\sly repeals a cu/om :i* has be5 embodi$ 9 ! ,prie/ly ,code z a law 7,lev4 xvii4 #c ff471 he makes no ref]5ce to t passage4 ,consequ5tly ?is at lea/ may be said1 t he may q conceivably h be5 ignorant ( ,lev4 xvii4 #c ff4 ,9 ignorance ( x1 he might write z he has done2 & if n ignorant1 x w\ld be mu* m natural to ref] to x4 ,:5 we add to ?is negative te/imony ! positive te/imony ( v]ses #h & #ac1 :i* we h already discuss$ 9 ,*apt] ,i41 !re w\ld seem to be little room = d\bt t ! prie/ly law on ?is subject 0 n be=e ! writ] ( ,deut]onomy4 ,consequ5tly we are ju/ifi$ 9 reg>d+ ?is z ! fir/ writt5 law actually promulgat$ on ?is subject4 ,hezekiah _h attempt$ ! same re=m2 b he _h1 s f> z we "k1 nei!r publi%$ nor ref]r$ to any law comm&+ x1 & 8 "w 0 entirely undone4 ,! ,deut]onomi/1 m conv9c$ ?an he t ?is /ep 0 absolutely necess>y to complete ! ,mosaic legislation on idolatry1 & fill$ ) ! same inspiration ( ! ,almighty1 complet$ x2 & ?\gh a reaction foll[$ ,josiah's en=cem5t ( ?is law also1 its exi/5ce sav$ ! life ( ! nation4 ,its pr9ciples kept ! nation holy1 i4e4 sep>ate to _! ,god1 dur+ ! ,exile1 & at ! return !y 7 dom9ant 9 ! =mation ( ! congregation4 ,c]ta9ly !re is no lack ( e>ne/ness 9 ! way 9 :i* ^! pr9ciples are urg$4 ,) t love ( repetition :i* is a di/+ui%+ m>k ( ?is writ]1 he expresses ! comm&m5t fir/ positively1 !n negatively4 ,!n he br+s 9 ! consequ5tial alt]ation 9 ! law reg>d+ ! slaught]+ ( animals = food4 ,aga9 he returns to ! comm&1 expla9+1 enl>g+1 insi/+1 & concludes ) a reit]ation ( ! p]mission to slaught]4 ,ef=ts1 ( c\rse1 h be5 made to %[ t ?is repetition is due to ! amalgamation "h ( no few] ?an sev5 sep>ate docum5ts6 ,b little he$ ne$ be giv5 to su* fanta/ic attempts4 ,x is1 once = all1 a habit ( ?is writ]'s m9d to %r9k f no monotony ( ?is k9d4 ,!re is n "o important idea 9 8 book :i* he does n repeat aga9 & aga92 & :]e repetition is s con/ant a feature1 & :]e ! language & ?\ght is s consi/5t z x is "h1 x is worse ?an useless to ass]t sep>ate docum5ts4 ,! writ]'s e>ne/ness is suffici5t explanation4 ,he saw pla9ly t1 s long z ! prov9cial ,high ,places exi/$ & 7 popul>1 x w\ld be impossible to secure purity ( wor%ip4 ,! hea!n conceptions ( ! ,canaanites clung ab\t _! anci5t sanctu>ies1 &1 l ! mi/s f a fev] swamp1 infect$ ev]y?+ t came ne>4 ,inspection suffici5tly m9ute & con/ant to be ( use 0 impracticable2 !re rema9$ no?+ b to decree _! ab&onm5t4 ,:5 ! :ole wor%ip ( ! p 0 c5tr$ at ,j]usalem1 corruption ( ! idolatr\s k9d w\ld1 x 0 hop$1 be impossible4 ,!re1 a pi\s k+ c\ld wat* ov] x2 !re1 ! ,temple prie/hood _h atta9$ to wor?i] ideas 9 reg>d to sacrifice & ! fulfilm5t ( ! law ?an ! prie/s else:]e4 ,josiah accord+ly rigor\sly en=c$ ?is new law4 ,su* a *ange1 aim$ solely at religi\s ends1 did n /op !re4 ,9 _m ways x affect$ ! social life ( ! p2 9 vv4 #ae1 #af1 & #bj1 #bd1 ! au?or meets "o h>d%ip connect$ ) ! new law1 by all[+ m5 to slay = food at a di/ance f ! alt>4 ,accord+ to anci5t cu/om1 no fle% c\ld be eat5 by any ,israelite1 save :5 ! fat & ! blood _h be5 pres5t$ at ! alt>4 ,dur+ ! wild]ness j\rney !re w\ld be little difficulty reg>d+ ?is4 ,9 ! des]t v little meat is eat52 & s long z life 0 nomadic !re w\ld be no h>d%ip 9 dem&+ t ^? :o wi%$ to make sacrificial fea/s %\ld w&] t[>ds ! c5tral place ( wor%ip r ?an f x4 ,x has be5 disput$ :e!r !re 0 9 ^? days a tab]nacle su* z ! ,prie/ly ,code describes2 b !re c]ta9ly 01 accord+ to ! e>lie/ docum5ts1 a t5t 9 :i* ,yahweh reveal$ ,himself & gave responses4 ,z we h se51 !re mu/ h be5 sacrifice 9 connection ) x2 & ?\gh wor%ip at o!r places :]e ,yahweh _h made ,8 "n to be rememb]$ 0 p]mitt$1 ?is sanctu>y 9 ! camp mu/ h _h a c]ta9 pre-em95ce4 ,a t5d5cy1 b accord+ to ! words ( ,deut]onomy no?+ /rong] ?an a t5d5cy1 mu/ h %[n itself to make ?is ! ma9 place ( wor%ip4 ,:5 ! p cross$ ! ,jordan into ! l& promis$ to ! fa!rs1 & _h ab&on$ ! nomadic life1 great difficulty mu/ h aris54 ,= ^? at a di/ance f ! place :]e ! ,tab]nacle 0 set up1 ! eat+ ( meat & ! enjoym5t ( sacrificial fea/s w\ld1 by ?is anci5t cu/om>y law1 h be5 r5d]$ impossible1 if ! att5dance at "o sanctu>y _h be5 obligatory4 ,only if m5 c\ld come to local sanctu>ies1 ea* 9 8 own neighb\rhood1 c\ld ! religi\s "* ( ! fe/ivals at :i* meat 0 eat5 be pres]v$4 ,! nature ( m5's occupations1 n[ t !y _h become settl$ agriculturi/s1 & ! dang]s f ! ,canaanites s long z !y 7 n entirely subdu$ & absorb$1 alike =bade su* long & frequ5t j\rneys to a c5tral sanctu>y4 ,! conque/ mu/ consequ5tly at once h *eck$ any t5d5cy to c5tralisation t may h exi/$2 & !re is reason to believe t ! acceptance ( ! ,canaanite ,high ,places z sanctu>ies ( ,yahweh 0 9 great "p caus$ by ! dem&s ( ?is anci5t law conc]n+ ! zebha*4 ,9 any case x mu/ h help$ to ov]come any scruples t may h exi/$4 ,b :5 ! ,tab]nacle & ,ark 7 br\ght to ,zion1 & /ill m :5 ! ,temple 0 built1 ! c5tripetal t5d5cy1 nev] altoge!r dead1 mu/ h reviv$4 ,= !re 0 peace ?r\gh\t ! l& & beyond x4 ,no dang] f ! ,canaanites exi/$2 & ! political c5tralisation :i* ,solomon aim$ at1 & actually c>ri$ out1 z well z ! sup]ior magnific5ce ( ! ,solomonic ,temple & its prie/s1 mu/ h attract$ to ,j]usalem ! ?\ghts & ! rev]5ce ( ! :ole p4 ,:at ,deut]onomy n[ makes law may h !n fir/ aris5 z a dem& ( ! ,j]usalem prie/s4 ,at all ev5ts1 ! v exi/5ce ( ! ,temple mu/ h be5 a m5ace to ! ,high ,places2 & we may be sure t among ! motives :i* l$ ! t5 tribes to reject ! ,davidic h\se1 jeal\sy = ! local sanctu>ies mu/ h be5 prom95t4 ,b ! sep>ation ( ! t5 tribes w\ld only /r5g!n ! claim ( ! ,temple on ,zion to be = ,judah ! "o true place ( wor%ip4 ,! t]ritory rul$ f ,j]usalem 0 n[ s small t resort to ! c5tral sanctu>y 0 comp>atively easy4 ,! glori\s memories ( ! ,davidic & ,solomonic "t w\ld c5tre r\nd ,j]usalem4 ,any local sanctu>ies w\ld be entirely dw>f$ & ov]%ad[$ by ! spl5d\r & !1 at lea/ comp>ative1 purity ( ! wor%ip !re4 ,prie/s ( local alt>s too mu/ inevitably h sunk 9 ! popul> e/imation1 & ev5 9 _! own1 to a second>y & subord9ate position1 z comp>$ ) ! c>efully organis$ & /rictly grad$ ,j]usalem prie/s4 ,ev5 )\t a positive comm&1 !re=e1 ! p ( ,judah mu/ h be5 gradually gr[+ into ! habit ( seek+ ,yahweh at ,j]usalem on all m solemn religi\s occasions2 & ?\gh ! ,high ,places might exi/1 _! repute 9 ! ,s\!rn ,k+dom mu/ h be5 decreas+4 ,( c\rse if a comm& 0 giv5 9 ! ,mosaic "t :i* _h be5 neglect$1 ! t5d5cies "h trac$ mu/ h be5 /rong] & m def9ite ?an we h depict$ !m4 ,:5 ! prophetic tea*+s ( ,isaiah :i* proclaim$ ,j]usalem to be ,ariel1 ! sacrificial he>?1 or ! he>? ( ,god1 7 s wondr\sly confirm$ by ! de/ruction ( ,s5na*]ib's ho/ be=e ! city1 ! unique position ( ,zion mu/ h be5 secur$2 & aft] t only ^? :o 7 set ^u idolatry c h _h mu* int]e/ 9 ! ,high ,places4 ,hezekiah's ef=t to aboli% ^! latt] is q intelligible 9 ^! circum/ances2 & we may feel assur$ t1 z ,wellhaus5 says1#gb ,! ,jewi% royal temple _h e>ly ov]%ad[$ ! o!r sanctu>ies1 & 9 ! c\rse ( ! sev5? c5tury !y 7 ext9ct or v]g+ on ext9ction4 #gb ,wellhaus51 ,hi/ory1 p4 #dbj4 ,along ) ?is !re mu/ h gr[n up a measure ( laxity 9 reg>d to ! provision t all slaught]+ = food %\ld take place at ! sanctu>y4 ,_m w\ld d\btless g to ,zion1 _m w\ld cont9ue to resort to ! ,high ,places1 & a numb]1 f a m]e halt+ betwe5 two op9ions1 w\ld probably take _! zebha*im to nei!r4 ,consequ5tly ! law be=e u w\ld by no means be s revolution>y z ,duhm1 = in/ance1 pictures x4 ,he says3 ,i d n "k if 9 ! :ole hi/ory ( ! _w a law c be po9t$ to :i* 0 s fitt$ to *ange a :ole p 9 its inn]mo/ nature & 9 its outw>d appe>ance1 at "o /roke1 z ?is 04 ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur* ev5 has nev] by all h] laws succe$$ 9 any?+ 9 ! lea/ l x4 ,b we h se5 evid5ce ( a v /rong & cont9u\s pressure to ?is po9t1 at lea/ 9 ,judah4 ,hi/ory dur+ c5turies _h ju/ifi$ & int5sifi$ x2 s t 9 all probability ! true wor%ipp]s ( ,yahweh f\nd 9 ! new law n s mu* a revolution z a ratification ( _! already anci5t practice4 ,to idolat]s1 ( c\rse1 its adoption mu/ h meant a cessation ( _! idolatry2 b ! *ange 9 ! p & 9 _! life w\ld1 ?\gh ext5sive1 be only su* z any ord9>y re=m w\ld produce4 ,duhm ov]looks altoge!r ! v small t]ritory :i* ! law affect$4 ,a long day's walk w\ld br+ m5 f ,j]i*o1 f ,hebron1 f ! bord]s ( ! ,phili/9e c\ntry1 & f ,%e*em & ,sam>ia to ,j]usalem4 ,if ,deut]onomy made a revolution1 x mu/ h be5 conf9$ )9 ! mode/ limits ( sub/itut+ a :ole = a half-day's j\rney to ! ,sanctu>y4 ,moreov] x is a mi/ake to say t sacrifice at "o c5tral sanctu>y took religion away f ! p1 z ,duhm says4 ,if spiritual religion be meant1 x ultimately br\ght religion m vitally home to !m4 ,= :5 ! prie/ly sy/em 0 fully c>ri$ out1 ! dem&s ( h\sehold religion 7 met1 z ! po/-exilic ,psalms %[1 by ! adoption ( ! practice ( h\sehold pray] )\t ref]5ce to sacrifice1 & f9ally by ! in/itution ( ! synagogue4 ,a m spiritual me?od ( approa* to ,god 0 sub/itut$ = a less spiritual 9 ! remote places & 9 ! homes ( ! p4 ,& ! public wor%ip ev5 ga9$4 ,x became deep]1 & m p5etrat$ ) a s5se ( ! necessity ( deliv]ance f s94 ,x is true1 ( c\rse1 t 9 ! end ,ph>isaic legalism p]v]t$ ! new =ms ( wor%ip1 z hea!n ext]nalism _h p]v]t$ ! old4 ,b 9 nei!r case 0 ! p]v]sion a necessity4 ,9 bo? x 0 simply a manife/ation ( ! mat]iali/ic t5d5cy :i* dogs ! foot/eps ( ev5 ! mo/ spiritual religion1 :5 x has to realise itself 9 ! life ( man4 ,x is en\gh = ! ju/ification ( ! :ole movem5t l$ by ,josiah to say t x held ! ,judan exiles toge!r2 t x kept alive 9 _! he>ts1 z no?+ else did1 _! fai? 9 ,god & 9 _! future2 & t on _! return x gave !m ! =m :i* _! in/itutions c\ld mo/ pr(itably take4 ,fur!r1 "u ! =ms ( religi\s & social life :i* ?is movem5t g5]at$1 ! true1 he>tfelt piety :i* ! prophets s m\rn$ ! want ( became m common ?an ev] x _h be5 be=e4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( ! c5tral alt> z ! only "o 0 ! ma9 object ( ?is law2 b !re is mu* to be le>n$ f ! v t]ms 9 :i* ?is is express$4 ,!y brea! ! same love = man & sympa?y ) ! poor :i* =ms "o ( ! mo/ attractive *>act]i/ics ( our book4 ,! graci\s bonds ( family affection1 ! k9dly feel+ t %\ld unite ma/]s & s]vants1 ! helpfulness :i* ought to di/+ui% ! conduct ( ! ri* to ! poor1 & above all ! *e]ful enjoym5t ( ! results ( hone/ lab\r1 are to be pres]v$ & sanctifi$ ev5 9 ! ritual ( sacrifice4 ,?\ %alt rejoice be=e ,yahweh 9 all t ?\ putte/ ?9e h& unto1 is "h ! motto1 if we may s speak1 ( religi\s s]vice4 ,t1 inde$1 is to be made ! opportunity = ! dis*>ge ( all humane & bro!rly duties2 & ! religi\s life is at its highe/ :5 ! wor%ipp] rejoices himself1 & %>es & %$s abroad 8 joy ^u o!rs4 ,! love ( ,god is "h mo/ intimately bl5d$ ) love ( ! bre?r54 ,ma/]s & s]vants1 slaves & free1 ! high & ! l[1 are to be rem9d$ ( _! equal /&+ 9 ! sight ( ,god1 by _! common p>ticipation 9 ! sacrificial meals2 & ! poore/ are to be p]mitt$ an equal enjoym5t ( ! luxuries ( ! ri* 9 ^! solemn approa*es to ,yahweh4 ,! ,deut]onomi/ "h rea*es ! highe/ /age ( religi\s life1 9 t he %[s himself 9 n[ise afraid ( human joy4 ,z we h se51 he kn[s ! value ( au/]ity 9 religion4 ,he is well en\gh aw>e t w> aga9/ evil is n made ) rose-wat]4 ,b !n he is equally f> f ! extreme ( suspect+ all affection n directly turn$ to ,god1 ( reg>d+ natural gladness z a ru9\s sn>e to ! s\l4 ,?is f9ely balanc$1 ?is j attitude to all aspects ( life1 is a mo/ notable ?+ at ?is epo* 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w1 & consid]+ ! circum/ances ( ! "t x is little %ort ( a m>vel4 ,x is true1 ( c\rse1 t ! religion ( ,israel 0 always f9ely human4 ,x c\ld run into excesses1 & 0 m>k$ by _m imp]fections2 b asceticism1 ! doctr9e :i* holds pa9 & self-d5ial to be 9 !mselves good1 :5 x did intrude into ,israel1 always came f )\t4 ,nev]!less ! he>t9ess & ?or\ghness ) :i* all graci\s human feel+s & all k9dly human relations are "h tak5 up into religion is rem>kable1 ev5 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,m1 p]haps1 ?an any?+ else 9 ?is book1 x %[s ! sweet5+ & :olesome effect ( dem&+ supreme love to ,god z man's fir/ duty4 ,if any man come to ,me & hate n 8 fa!r & "m1 says ,*ri/1 he _c be ,my disciple1#gc & _m purbl9d critics h f\nd ?is to be a h>d say+4 ,b all :o "k m5 "k1 t :5 ,god 9 ,*ri/ is made s mu* ! supreme object ( love t ev5 ! mo/ sacr$ human obligations seem to be disreg>d$ 9 comp>ison1 ! human affection s ?ru/ into ! backgr\nd is only made ri*] f> ?an x o!rwise c\ld be4 #gc ,luke xiv4 #bf4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,! ,,relation ,,( ,,old ,,te/am5t ,,sacrifice ,,to ,,*ri/ianity ,b x may be ask$1 ,:at is ! relation ( ?is ,div9ely sanction$ ritual law ( sacrifice to our religion 9 its pres5t phase8 ,to t "q v>i\s answ]s are be+ return$1 & inde$ x may be said t on ?is po9t almo/ all ! ma9 diff]5ces ( ,*ri/ians turn4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,rome ma9ta9s 9 ess5ce ! sac]dotal view ( ! lat] ,old ,te/am5t times1 ?\gh 9 a spiritualis$ ,*ri/ian %ape1 & to ?is ! ,high ,anglican view is a m or less pron\nc$ return4 ,! ,prote/ant ,*ur*es1 on ! o!r h&1 reg>d prie/s & sacrifices z ana*ronisms s9ce ! dea? ( ,*ri/4 ,9 t1 = ! mo/ "p1 !y reg>d ! significance ( sacrifice z be+ summ$ up & complet$2 & ! pres5t disp5sation is = !m ! realisation 9 embryo ( t :i* ,old ,te/am5t sa9ts look$ =w>d to--a p ( ,god1 e true memb] ( :i* is bo? prie/ & prophet1 i4e4 has free & unre/rict$ access to ,god1 & is au?oris$ & requir$ to speak 9 ,8 "n4 ,! int]e/ ( ,prote/ant ,*ri/ians1 !re=e1 9 prie/hood & sacrifice 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t s5se1 ?\gh v great & endur+1 has no connection ) ! cont9uation ( sacrifice4 ,!y look ^u ! ,old ,te/am5t ritual z :olly obsolete n[4 ,x 0 simply a /age 9 ! religi\s developm5t ( ! *os5 p1 & z su* x has no claim to be cont9u$ among ,*ri/ians4 ,by a curi\s allegorical process1 h[ev]1 "s dev\t ,prote/ants keep alive _! int]e/ 9 ,old ,te/am5t ritual by f9d+ 9 x an elaborate symbolism cov]+ ! :ole field ( evangelical !ology4 ,b ?is revivification ( ! old law is too arbitr>y & subjective1 z well z too improbable1 to h an abid+ place 9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,x is1 moreov]1 useless = ! guidance ( life2 = all t is ?us +5i\sly put into ! ,levitical ord9ances is f\nd m cle>ly & directly express$ else:]e4 ,! am\nt ( religi\s symbolism 9 ! e>li] /ages ( ,israelite religion is small1 & v simple & direct4 ,ev5 9 ! mo/ elaborate p>ts ( ! ,levitical legislation1 e4g4 9 ! directions reg>d+ ! ,tab]nacle1 ! purposely allegorical elem5t is kept )9 comp>atively n>r[ limits2 & we may boldly say t ! m9d :i* delights 9 f9d+ spiritual my/]ies 9 e detail ( ! sacrificial ritual is ,rabb9ical r ?an ,*ri/ian4 ,on ! o!r h& we ne$ n ent] ^u a discussion ( ! view held by ,mod]n or ,broad ,*ur* !ologians & by ,unit>ians1 t sacrifice 0 m]ely a hea!n =m tak5 ov] into ,mosaism1 t x _h no special significance !re1 & t ! ideas connect$ ) x h absolutely no place 9 enlight5$ ,*ri/ian !ology4 ,! ,*ri/ianity :i* atta*es no sacrificial signification to ! dea? ( ,*ri/ has1 s f> z ,i "k1 nev] %[n itself to be a type ( religion able to create a future1 & x is only ) types ( ,*ri/ianity t d & c live we h to d4 ,our "q "h !re=e is limit$ to ?is1 ,:i* ( ! two types ( view1 ! ,roman ,ca?olic or ! ,prote/ant1 is true/ to ! ,old ,te/am5t tea*+8 ,ext]nally1 p]haps1 ! evid5ce seems to fav\r ! ,roman ,ca?olic position2 = ! prophets ei!r directly say1 or imply1 t sacrifice %all be re/or$ ) new purity & p[] 9 ! ,messianic "t4 ,?is is s pat5t a fact t x l$ ,edw>d ,irv+ to say t x 0 ! ,old ,te/am5t economy t %\ld abide1 & t ( ! ,new ,te/am5t :i* %\ld pass away4 ,b ! inn] progress & developm5t ( ,old ,te/am5t religion is q z decisively on ! o!r side4 ,z we h se51 ,old ,te/am5t piety _h at ! beg9n+ almo/ no recognis$ expression save 9 connection ) sacrifice1 & ! ,exile fir/ tra9$ ! p to fai?fulness to ,god )\t x1 s[+ ! se$ ( a religi\s life l>gely sep>ate f ! sacrificial ritual4 ,!n ! ord9ance dem&+ sacrifice at "o c5tral alt>1 :i*1 ?\gh introduc$ by ,deut]onomy1 0 made ! exclusive law only by ! po/-exilic community1 fur!r$ ! gr[? ( ^! g]ms1 s t !y produc$ ! synagogue sy/em4 ,?is complet$ ! sev]ance ( ! ord9>y daily religion ( ! bulk ( ! p f sacrificial ritual1 s f> z t 0 atta9$ )9 ! limits ( ,judaism1 & prep>$ ! way = ,paul9e ,*ri/ianity1 9 :i* all allegiance to ritual ,judaism is ca/ (f4 ,n[1 z betwe5 ! ext]nal & int]nal evid5ce1 !re c be little d\bt t ! latt] has by f> ! great] weight1 especially z ! ext]nal evid5ce c1 p]fectly well1 be read 9 a diff]5t s5se4 ,! ,old ,te/am5t promises t sacrifice %\ld be re/or$ may be held to h be5 fulfill$ by ! sacrificial dea? ( ,*ri/1 :i* complet$ & fill$ up all t _h gone be=e4 ,9 t case ! evid5ce t sacrifice & ritual are n[ obsolete = ,*ri/ians is left /&+ alone1 & ! ,prote/ant view is ju/ifi$4 ,& ! case = ?is view is /r5g!n$ immeasurably by obs]v+ t ! mod]n sac]dotalism has tak5 up z ess5tial :at 0 ! ma9 vice ( sacrificial wor%ip 9 ! old economy4 ,t 01 z we h se51 ! t5d5cy to re/ on ! m]e p]=mance ( ! ext]nal rite1 )\t ref]5ce to ! disposition ( ! he>t or ev5 to conduct4 ,riv]s ( oil & hecatombs ( victims 7 ?\ght suffici5t to meet all possible dem&s on ,god's "p1 & aga9/ ?is ! polemic ( ! prophets is unceas+4 ,n[ 9 almo/ all mod]n sac]dotalism ! doctr9e ( ! efficacy ( sacram5ts duly adm9i/]$1 ap>t f "r dispositions 9 ei!r him :o adm9i/]s !m or 9 him :o receives !m1 has be5 affirm$4 ,x is n n[1 z x 0 9 ! old "t1 an evil t5d5cy :i* _h to be assidu\sly f\ght aga9/1 b :i* c\ld n be ov]come4 ,x is op5ly incorporat$ 9 ! or?odox tea*+1 & is di/9ctly provid$ = 9 ! ideal ( ,*ri/ian wor%ip4 ,t m>ks a consid]able fall+ away f ! prophetic ideal3 x c h>dly be reg>d$ z ! appo9t$ end ( t great religi\s movem5t :i* ! prophets dom9at$ & direct$ = s long4 ,! tea*+ ( ,deut]onomy c]ta9ly is1 t :]ev] m]e ext]nal acts are suppos$ to h p[] to secure entrance into ! spiritual _w ( life & peace1 !re ! "* ( ,god is misconceiv$ & religion degrad$4 ,:at x dem&s is ! inw>d & spiritual allegiance ( fai?ful m5 to ,god4 ,:at x depicts z ! ess5ce ( religi\s life is a set ( ! :ole nature ,godw>d1 z deep & irresi/ible z ! set ( ! tides-- ,su* a tide z mov+ seems asleep1 ,too full = s\nd & foam4 ,"u no sac]dotal sy/em c t view be unres]v$ly accept$1 & !re9 lies ! condemnation ( e su* sy/em4 ,s f> z x is all[$ to prevail1 ! =ce ( ! prophetic polemic has to be ignor$ or evad$1 & 9 great] or less degree ! same spiritual decay :i* ! prophets m\rn$ ov] 9 ,israel mu/ appe>4 ,b x is n only :]e tru/ 9 ! m]e opus op]atum is !oretically ju/ifi$ t x makes its baleful pres5ce felt4 ,x may surreptiti\sly creep 9 :]e ! door is !oretically %ut aga9/ x4 ,! t5d5cy is v deep-seat$ 9 human nature2 & _m evangelical prea*]s1 :o repudiate all sacram5t>ianism1 & ?r[ ! full emphasis ( ,*ri/ian religi\s life ^u grace & fai?1 yet br+ back aga9 9 subtl] %ape t v ?+ :i* !y h reject$4 ,= example1 in/ead ( ! reception ( ! sacram5t at ! h&s ( orda9$ m9i/]s1 a man's acceptance ) ,god is sometimes made to dep5d ^u a decl>ation ( belief t ,*ri/ has di$ = him1 or t he has be5 r$eem$ & sav$ by ,*ri/4 ,:]ev] su* /atem5ts are =c$ ^u m51 !re is a t5d5cy to assume t a decisive /ep 9 ! spiritual life is tak5 by ! m]e utt]ance ( !m4 ,! motives :i* actuate ! utt]] are tak5 = grant$2 ! exi/5ce ( su* a set ( ! spiritual nature to ,god z ,deut]onomy dem&s is suppos$ to be prov$ by ! m]e spok5 words2 & m5 :o _c or w n say su* ?+s glibly are un*ur*$ )\t m]cy4 ,:at is t b ! opus op]atum 9 its mo/ (f5sive %ape8 ,b 9 :atev] %ape x appe>s1 ! ,deut]onomic dem& = love to ,god1 ) ! he>t & s\l & /r5g?1 z ess5tial to all true spiritual s]vice & sacrifice1 condemns x4 ,love to ,god & m5 are ! ma9 ?+s 9 true religion4 ,all else is subord9ate & second>y4 ,sacrifice & ritual )\t ^! are dead =ms4 ,t is ! ,deut]onomic tea*+1 & by x1 once = all1 ! true relation ( ! cultus to ! life is fix$4 ,nev]!less ! prie/ly & sacrificial sy/em ( ! ,old ,te/am5t has ev5 = ,*ri/ians a pres5t importance1 = x is an adumbration ( t :i* 0 to be done 9 ! dea? ( ,*ri/4 ,x has an unspeakable value1 :5 rightly us$1 z an object-lesson 9 ! elem5ts :i* are ess5tial to a "r approa* to a ,holy ,god on ! "p ( s9ful m54 ,ev5 9 hea!nism !re 7 su* =e%ad[+s2 & no?+ is m fitt$ to exalt our views ( ! ,div9e wisdom ?an to trace1 z we c n[ d1 ! ways 9 :i* man's seek+s aft] ,god1 ev5 beyond ! b\nds ( ! *os5 p1 took =ms t 7 aft]w>ds absorb$ & ju/ifi$ 9 ! r$eem+ "w ( our ,bless$ ,"l4 ,= example1 ,pr(essor ,rob]tson ,smi? says ( c]ta9 anci5t hea!n piacul> sacrifices1 ,! dreadful sacrifice is p]=m$1 n ) savage joy1 b ) awful sorr[1 & 9 ! my/ic sacrifices ! deity himself suff]s ) & = ! s9s ( 8 p & lives aga9 9 _! new life4 ,n[ if we admit t he is n unduly import+ into ^! sacrifices ideas :i* are really =eign to !m1 surely awe is ! only adequate emotion :]e) a believ] 9 ,*ri/ c meet su* a /range prophecy1 9 ! l[e/ religion1 ( t :i* is deepe/ 9 ! highe/4#gd ,! sacrificial sy/em 9 g5]al 0 f\nd$1 9 "p at lea/1 on belief 9 ! possibility & desirability ( communion ) ,god4 ,9 ! sacrificial fea/s ?is 0 suppos$ to be atta9$1 & ! ess5tial religi\s ne$s ( mank9d f\nd expression 9 mu* ( ! ritual4 ,if ! dea? ( ! god1 & 8 return+ to life aga9 9 8 p f\nd a prom95t place 9 piacul> sacrifices 9 v>i\s l&s1 t sugge/s t 9 "s dim way ev5 hea!n m5 _h le>n$ t s9 _c be remov$ & =giv5 )\t co/ to ,god z well z to man1 & t communion 9 suff]+ z well z 9 joy is a necess>y elem5t ( life ) ,god4 ,! human he>t1 ,div9ely biass$1 ass]t$ itself 9 ef=t aft] su* association ) ,deity1 & 9 ! feel+ t s9 0 t elem5t 9 life :i* x w\ld make ! highe/ dem& ^u ! ,div9e love to set effectively aside4 #gd ,ency4 ,brit41 vol4 xxi41 p4 #ach4 ,b if su* prep>ation = ! fulness ( ! "t 0 go+ on 9 hea!nism1 if ! m9d & he>t ( man1 driv5 =w>d by ,div9ely ord]$ exp]i5ce & its own ne$s1 c\ld produce su* =eca/s 9 ! ritual ( hea!n religion1 we surely mu/ admit t ! religi\s ritual 9 ,israel _h an ev5 m intimate connection ) t :i* 0 to come4 ,= we claim t 9 guid+ ! de/9ies ( ,israel ,god 01 9 an exceptional mann]1 reveal+ ,himself1 t among !m ,he e/abli%$ ! true religion1 unfold$ x 9 _! hi/ory1 & prep>$ z n[h]e else = ! adv5t ( ,him :o %\ld make real & objective ! union ( ,god & man4 ,"h consequ5tly1 if any:]e1 we %\ld expect to f9d ! p]man5t factors 9 religion recognis$ ev5 9 ! =ms ( wor%ip1 & ! less p]man5t all[$ to fall away4 ,we %\ld also expect ! ritual ( ! cultus to gr[ 9 dep? ( mean+ ) "t1 & t x w\ld m & m recognise ! moral & spiritual elem5ts 9 life4 ,f9ally1 we %\ld expect t x w\ld be ! p>5t ( conceptions ris+ above & beyond itself1 & m fully consonant ) ! revelation giv5 by ,*ri/ ?an any?+ 9 hea!nism4 ,n[ all ^! expectations w\ld seem to h be5 fulfill$2 & x is reasonable to assume t ^? sacrificial ideas :i* correspond$ to ! deep5$ consci\sness ( s91 & syn*ronis$ app>5tly ) ! decay ( ,israel's political indep5d5ce1 are rightly appli$ to ! elucidation ( ! mean+ ( ,*ri/'s dea?4 ,( c\rse mi/akes may be & h be5 made 9 ! application ( ?is pr9ciple2 ! mo/ common be+ t ( =c+ e detail ( ! imp]fect & tempor>y provision into ! int]pretation ( ! p]fect & et]nal4 ,sometimes1 too1 ! significance ( ! life & com+ ( ,*ri/ are obscur$ by a too exclusive att5tion to ,8 sacrificial dea?4 ,b ! pr9ciple 9 itself mu/ be s\nd1 if ,*ri/ianity is 9 any s5se to be reg>d$ z ! completion & full developm5t ( ! ,old ,te/am5t religion4 ,besides ! imm$iate significance ( sacrifice :i* ! wor%ipp]s p]ceiv$ & by :i* !y 7 edifi$1 !re 0 ano!r significance :i* belong$ to x z a /ep 9 ! long progress :i* _h be5 m>k$ out = ?is p 9 ! ,div9e purpose4 ,reg>d$ f t /&po9t1 ! sacrifices1 & ! ritual connect$ ) !m1 _h a mean+ = ! future also1 7 9 fact typical ( ! f9al sacrifice :i* w\ld ne$ to be (f]$ only once = all4 ,h[ mu* ( ?is 0 und]/ood by ! m5 ( anci5t ,israel we h no means ( kn[+4 ,"s1 d\btless1 _h a fa9t p]ception ( x2 b at its cle>e/ x 0 probably m a dissatisfaction ) :at !y _h1 lead+ !m to look = "s bett] sacrifice1 ?an any m def9ite und]/&+4 ,b :at !y only dimly guess$ 01 z we c n[ see1 ! inn] mean+ ( all2 & x is p]fectly legitimate to use bo? ! provisional & ! p]fect$ revelations to expla9 ea* o!r4 ,on ^! gr\nds ! ,new ,te/am5t freely makes use ( ! anci5t ritual to br+ out ! full significance ( ! sacrifice ( ,*ri/4 ,no d\bt a diff]5t view has to be reckon$ )4 ,_m say t ! :ole ( ?is typical ref]5ce is a begg+ ( ! "q4 ,9 ! infancy ( mank9d sacrifice 0 a natural way ( express+ adoration & ( seek+ ! fav\r ( ! gods4 ,9 ! hea!n _w x rea*$ its highe/ manife/ation 9 ^? piacul> sacrifices ( :i* ,rob]tson ,smi? speaks1 b :i* nev]!less 7 m]ely an outgr[? ( ,totemism4 ,9 ,israel sacrifice 0 tak5 up by ! religion ( ,yahweh & embodi$ 9 x4 ,! spiritual =ces :i* 7 at "w 9 t nation us$ x z a means :]eby to express !mselves2 & :5 ,*ri/ came to complete ! revelation1 ,8 purely e?ical & spiritual "w 0 unavoidably express$ 9 sacrificial t]ms4 ,b t is no gu>antee t ! ess5tial ?+ 9 ! "w ( ,*ri/ 0 sacrifice4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! sacrificial language us$ ab\t x is ( no real importance4 ,x is simply ! natural & unavoidable =m ( expression1 9 t place & at t "t1 = any spiritual deliv]ance4 ,9 %ort1 _h !re be5 really no?+ sacrificial 9 ! dea? ( ,*ri/1 ! religi\s mean+ & significance ( x w\ld h be5 express$ 9 sacrificial language1 = no o!r 0 available4 ,consequ5tly ! pres5ce ( su* language 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t does n prove t ! sacrificial mean+ belongs to its ma9 & p]man5t significance4 ,! sacrificial idea1 on ?is view ( ?+s1 belongs1 bo? 9 ,israel & 9 hea!nism1 to ! elem5ts :i* ,*ri/ianity sup]s$$ & did away )2 & x is consequ5tly an ana*ronism to br+ x 9 to expla9 & elucidate any?+ done or taught "u ?is new disp5sation4 ,b su* a view is s+ul>ly n>r[1 & unju/ to ! pa/4 ,x surely is m hon\r+ to bo? ,god & man to suppose t ! capital religi\s ideas ( ! race1 ^? ideas :i* h be5 ev]y:]e pres5t & h be5 se5 to deep5 & ref9e ) e advance man has made1 h p]man5t value4 ,moreov]1 on any view1 x is probable t 9 !m ! ess5tial religi\s ne$s ( human nature h f\nd expression4 ,if s1 we %\ld expect t !y w\ld 9 ! end be met1 & t ! p]fect religion1 :5 x did come1 w\ld n ignore b satisfy ! dem& :i* ! nature ( man & ! provid5ce ( ,god _h orig9at$ & comb9$ to /r5g!n4 ,fur!r1 x is ! v ess5ce ( ! ,scriptural view ( ,*ri/ t ,he p]fect$ & c>ri$ to _! highe/ p[] all ! ess5tial features 9 ! religi\s con/itution ( ,israel4 ,he 0 inde$ ! true ,israel1 & all ,israel's tasks fell to ,him4 ,z ,prophet1 ,prie/1 & ,messianic ,k+ alike1 ,he excell$ all ,8 pr$ecessors1 :o 7 :at !y 7 only because !y _h1 9 _! degree1 done "p ( ! "w :i* ,he 0 to come to f9i%4 ,ap>t f ! religion ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 !re=e1 ,*ri/ is un9telligible1 & t1 9 turn1 )\t ,him1 has nei!r a progress nor a goal4 ,belief 9 a ,div9e direction ( ! _w w\ld 9 itself be suffici5t to =bid ! sep>ation ( "o f ! o!r4 ,if s1 x w foll[ t ! sacrificial idea is ess5tial to ! int]pretation ( our ,"l's "w4 ,t idea grew 9 complexity ) ! gr[? ( ! high] religion4 ,x 0 at its deepe/ :5 religi\s ?\ght & feel+ _h done its mo/ p]fect "w2 & on e pr9ciple ( evolution we %\ld expect t1 in/ead ( disappe>+ at ! next /age1 x w\ld1 ?\gh trans=m$1 be m influ5tial ?an ev]4 ,x is s if ,*ri/'s dea? is reg>d$ f ! po9t ( view ( sacrifice2 :]eas1 if t is laid aside l a worn-out g>m5t1 x c nev] h be5 any?+ any:]e b an excresc5ce & a sup]/ition4 ,t has n be5 s2 ! ess5tial ideas connect$ ) sacrifice1 & =giv5ess by means ( x1 7 lessons ,div9ely taught 9 ! *ildhood ( ! _w1 to prep>e m5 to und]/& ! ,div9e/ my/]y ( hi/ory :5 x %\ld be manife/$ to ! _w4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,laws ,,aga9/ ,,idolatr\s ,,acts ,,& ,,cu/oms ,,deut4 xiii41 xiv4 ,hav+ ?us set =? ! law :i* 0 to cr[n & complete ! long resi/ance ( fai?ful ,israel to idolatry1 our au?or goes on to prohibit & to decree puni%m5t = any action likely to lead to ! wor%ip ( false gods4 ,he absolutely =bids any inquiry into ! religions ( ! ,canaanites4 ,take he$ to ?yself t ?\ inquire n aft] _! gods1 say+1 ,h[ d ^! nations s]ve _! gods8 ev5 s w ,i d likewise4 ,all t 0 acceptable to ,yahweh 0 includ$ 9 ! law ( ,israel1 & beyond t !y 7 on no acc\nt to g 9 _! wor%ip4 ,:at ?+ soev] ,i comm& y1 t %all ye obs]ve to d3 ?\ %alt n add !reto nor dim9i% f x4 ,b x %\ld be obs]v$ t ! inquiry "h =bidd5 has no?+ 9 common ) ! sci5tific inquiries ( ,comp>ative ,religion 9 our "t4 ,curiosity ( t k9d1 support$ by ! motive ( discov]+ h[ religion _h gr[n1 0 unkn[n at t e>ly age ( ! _w1 probably ev]y:]e1 c]ta9ly 9 ,israel4 ,! only curiosity p[]ful en\gh to result 9 action !n 0 t :i* tri$ to le>n h[ ! ritual might be made m pot5t 9 its influ5ce ov] ,yahweh by ga!r+ attractive features f e kn[n religion4 ,t 0 "o ( ! di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ics ( ,manasseh's reign4 ,! ,canaanite religions1 ! religions ( ,egypt & ,assyria1 7 all laid "u contribution2 & :]ev] !re 0 a feature :i* promis$ additional p[] ) ,god or ! gods1 t 0 eag]ly adopt$4 ,israel _h lo/ fai? 9 ,yahweh1 ow+ to ! successes ( ,assyria4 ,9 unbeliev+ t]ror m5 7 wildly grasp+ at any means ( safety4 ,!y wor%ipp$ ,yahweh1 le/ ,he %\ld d !m h>m1 b !y jo9$ ) ,him ! gods ( _! foes1 to secure if possible _! fav\r also4 ,inquiry into o!r religions1 ) ! int5t ( adopt+ some?+ f !m :i* w\ld make ei!r ,yahweh or ! /range gods1 or bo?1 propiti\s to !m1 0 rife4 ,l ! hea!n population :o _h be5 transport$ by ,assyria into ! t]ritory ( ! t5 tribes1 m5 fe>$ ,yahweh1 & s]v$ _! grav5 images4 ,all t is "h /]nly condemn$1 & ,judah is taught to look only to ! ,div9e comm&s = effective means ( approa* to _! ,god4 ,! prohibition1 !re=e1 does n import m]e fanatical opposition to k4 ,x is a necess>y practical measure ( def5ce aga9/ idolatry2 & only ^? c disapprove ( x :o are incapable ( e/imat+ ! value :i* ! true religion 9 its ,old ,te/am5t %ape _h & has = ! _w4 ,to pres]ve t 0 ! high & unique call+ ( ,israel4 ,any n>r[ness1 real or suppos$1 :i* ?is great task impos$ ^u t p1 is amply comp5sat$ = by _! gu>dian%ip ( ! spiritual life ( mank9d4 ,b if inquiry into l[] religions 0 =bidd51 !re c\ld be no?+ b ! /]ne/ condemnation = ^? :o _h inquir$1 & !n endeav\r$ to s$uce ! *os5 p4 ,deut]onomy1 !re=e1 takes ?ree typical cases--fir/1 s$uction by "o :o 0 respect$ because ( high religi\s (fice1 !n s$uction by "o :o _h influ5ce because ( close bonds ( natural affection1 & la/ly t ( a community :i* w\ld be likely to h influ5ce by =ce ( numb]s--& gives inexorably /]n directions h[ su* evil is to be met4 ,!re c be little d\bt t ! cases are n imag9>y4 ,9 ! evil days :i* ! ,deut]onomi/ _h fall5 ^u !y 7 probably ( frequ5t occurr5ce1 & !y are1 consequ5tly1 provid$ aga9/ z real & pres5t evils4 ,naturally ! writ] takes ! mo/ difficult case fir/4 ,if an ,israelite prophet1 ) all 8 religi\s pre/ige z a confidant ( ,yahweh1 & /ill m ) ! pre/ige ( successful pr$iction 9 8 fav\r1 %all attempt to lead m5 to jo9 o!r gods to ,yahweh 9 _! wor%ip--= t & n rejection ( ,yahweh = ! exclusive s]vice ( /range gods is almo/ c]ta9ly meant--!n !y 7 n to li/5 to him4 ,!y 7 to fall back ^u ! orig9al pr9ciple ( ! ,mosaic tea*+ z x 0 re/at$ 9 ,deut]onomy1 t ,yahweh alone 0 to be _! ,god4 ,"s lynx-ey$ critics h discov]$ "h ! clov5 ho( ( legalism4 ,!y ?9k !y see "h ! free _s ( prophecy1 to :i* untrammell$ initiative 0 ! v brea? ( life1 subject$ to ! bondage ( writt5 law1 & s doom$ to dea?4 ,b probably su* a mood is unnecess>ily elegiac4 ,x is n to writt5 law t prophecy is subject$ "h4 ,x is ! actual life-pr9ciple ( ,yahwism 9 its simple/ =m :i* prophecy is requir$ to respect2 t is1 ultimately1 x is call$ ^u simply to respect itself4 ,its own exi/5ce dep5d$ ^u fai?fulness to ,yahweh4 ,if x _h a mission at all1 x 0 to proclaim ,him & to decl>e ,8 "*4 ,if x _h a di/9ction :i* sev]$ x f m]e hea!n soo?say+1 x 0 t x _h be5 rais$ by ! inspiration ( ,yahweh into ! region ( ! true1 ! good1 ! et]nal1 & its :ole p[] lay 9 its keep+ op5 ! communication ) t region4 ,x is !re=e only ! law ( its own inn] be+ to :i* prophecy is "h b\nd2 & ! p are in/ruct$ t1 :atev] reputation or ev5 sup]natural p[] x might h atta9$ to1 x 0 to be obey$ only :5 true to itself & to ! fai?4 ,no?+ 0 to make m5 /agg] f t f\ndation4 ,n ev5 ! work+ ( miracles 0 to mislead ! p1 = only on ! plane ( ,yahweh's revelation _h ev5 miracle any wor?4 ,?is is ! s\nd & :olesome doctr9e ( true prophecy1 & o!r utt]ances on ! subject 9 our book mu/ be tak5 9 conjunction ) x4 ,religi\s fai?fulness1 n =etell+1 is ! ess5ce ( x1 & by t ! prophet is to be inexorably judg$4 ,if any prophet1 !re=e1 leads m5 to /range gods1 8 "* & 8 p[]s only make him m dang]\s & 8 puni%m5t m inexorable4 ,t prophet1 or t dream] ( dreams1 %all be put to dea?4 ,he comes "u ! ban4 ,s %alt ?\ put away ! evil f ! mid/ ( !e4 ,simil>ly1 :5 family ties & family affection are p]v]t$ to be in/rum5ts ( s$uction1 !y are to be disreg>d$1 j z religi\s reputation & miracul\s p[] 7 to be set aside4 ,if a bro!r1 or a son1 or a daught]1 or a wife1 or a fri5d1 %all secretly entice a man to s]ve o!r gods1 !n he %all n only n yield1 b he mu/ slay ! tempt]4 ,x is *>act]i/ic ( ! ,deut]onomi/ t1 by ! qualifications ( ! v>i\s relation%ips he m5tions1 he %\ld %[ 8 sympa?y & 8 insight into ! dep?s ( bo? family affection & fri5d%ip4 ,?y bro!r1 ! son ( ?y "m1 ! wife ( ?y bosom1 ! fri5d :i* is z ?9e own s\l1 ev5 ^!1 ne> z !y are to !e1 mu/ be sacrific$ if !y are false to ,israel & to ,israel's ,god4 ,nay m1 ,?\ %alt surely kill him2 ?9e h& %all be ^u him to put him to dea?1 & aft]w>ds ! h& ( all ! p1 & ?\ %alt /one him ) /ones t he die4 ,^u him1 too1 ! ban %all be laid4 ,nor1 f9ally1 %all _! multitude %ield ^? :o suff]$ !mselves to be p]v]t$4 ,if a city %\ld h be5 l$ away by sons ( ,belial1 i4e4 by wor?less m51 to wor%ip /range gods1 !n ! :ole city 0 to be put to ! ban4 ,x 0 to be imm$iately /orm$1 e liv+ creature put to dea?1 & all ! spoil ( x burnt unto ,yahweh _! ,god2 & ! ru9s 7 to be a m\nd = ev]--t is1 a place accurs$4 ,only on ^! t]ms c\ld ,yahweh be turn$ away f ! fi]c5ess ( ,8 ang] at su* treason & unfai?fulness among ,8 p4 ,! ,canaanites _h be5 condemn$ to dea? t _! idolatries & vices might n corrupt ! spiritual fai? ( ,israel4 ,!re 0 no o!r way1 if ! treasure :i* _h be5 committ$ to ?is nation 0 to be pres]v$4 ,z ,rob]tson ,smi? has said1 ,exp]i5ce %[s t primitive religi\s beliefs are practically inde/ructible except by ! de/ruction ( ! race 9 :i* !y are engra9$4 ,b if s1 x 0 p]haps ev5 m necess>y t idolat]s )9 ,israel %\ld be also extirpat$4 ,we may ?9k ! puni%m5t h>%2 & our mod]n doctr9es conc]n+ tol]ation c by no +5uity be br\ght into h>mony ) x4 ,b ! times 7 fi]ce1 & m5 7 n easily re/ra9$4 ,9 m civilis$ communities excessive sev]ity 9 puni%m5t defeats itself1 = x enli/s sympa?y on ! side ( ! crim9al4 ,b among a p l ! ,hebrews1 probably sev]ity succe$$ :]e m]cy w\ld h be5 fl\t$4 ,9 ,india our adm9i/rators h _h to confess t ! horrible recklessness & sev]ity ( puni%m5t 9 ! ,mahratta /ates ( ! old type suppress$ crime z ! inf9itely m j & bett] organis$ b mild] ,briti% police organisations c\ld n !n d4 ,probably ! success ( b>b>\s me?ods ( repress+ crime is be/ expla9$ by _! orig9 9 & close connection ) a primitive /ate ( society4 ,because puni%m5ts 7 inhuman1 !y /ruck t]ror :]e no o!r motive w\ld det] f crime4#ge ,9 o!r & ,scriptural words1 ! h>dness ( m5's he>ts made su* h>%ness unavoidable4 #ge ,tupp]1 ,our ,indian ,protectorate1 p4 #bdh4 ,tak+ ! :ole ( ?is ?irte5? *apt] into consid]ation1 !re=e1 we see h[ high & sev]e 7 ! dem&s :i* ,old ,te/am5t religion1 z taught 9 ,deut]onomy1 made ^u its vot>ies4 ,x presupposes on ! "p ( ! p an insight into ! fundam5tally spiritual nature ( _! fai? entirely unobscur$ by ritual & sacrifice4 ,!y 7 expect$ to pass beyond ! tea*+s ( accr$it$ spiritual guides1 beyond ev5 ! evid5ce ( sup]natural p[]1 & to te/ all by ! moral & spiritual tru?1 once deliv]$ to !m by prophet & by miracle1 & n[ a secure possession4 ,spiritual tru? receiv$ & liv$ by is ?us set above ev]y?+ else z ! te/ & ! judge ( all4 ,o!r ?+s 7 m]ely ladd]s by :i* m5 _h be5 br\ght to ! tru? 9 religion4 ,once !re1 no?+ %\ld move !m2 & any fur!r guidance :i* purport$ to come f ev5 ! heav5ly places 0 to be tri$ & accept$1 only if x corroborat$ ! fundam5tal tru?s already receiv$ & atte/$ by exp]i5ce 9 actual life4 ,loyalty to asc]ta9$ tru?1 t is1 is great] ?an loyalty to tea*]s1 or to t :i* seems to be sup]natural2 & ! *ief p[] = :i* a prophet is to be rev]5c$ is n t by :i* he gives a true =eca/ ( ! future1 b t :i* impels him to speak ! tru? ab\t ,god4 ,ev5 at ?is day1 & = believ]s 9 ,*ri/1 aft] all ! tea*+ & exp]i5ce ( eighte5 ,*ri/ian c5turies1 ?is is a high1 almo/ an unatta9able1 /&>d to set up4 ,ev5 to-day x is ?\ght an advanc$ position t miracles z a security = tru? are subord9ate & inf]ior to ! light ( ! tru? itself z exhibit$ 9 ! lives ( fai?ful m54 ,yet t is precisely :at ! ,deut]onomi/ tea*es4 ,he has no d\bt ab\t miracles4 ,he reg>ds !m z be+ ,div9ely s5t1 ev5 :5 !y might be made use ( to mislead2 b he calls ^u 8 p to disreg>d !m if !y seem to po9t t[>ds unfai?fulness to ,god4 ,_! supreme tru/ is to be t ,yahweh _c d5y ,himself4 ,if he seem to d s by giv+ ! sanction ( miracle to tea*+ :i* d5ies ,him1 t is only to prove m51 to "k :e!r !y love ,yahweh _! ,god ) all _! he>t & ) all _! s\l4 ,! inn] c]ta9ty ( ^? :o h _h communion ) ,yahweh is to ov]ride ev]y?+ else4 ,:osoev] loves ,god ) a pure he>t1 says ,calv91 is arm$ ) ! inv9cible p[] ( ! ,div9e ,_s1 t he %\ld n be ensn>$ by falsehoods4#gf ,?is has always be5 ! confid5ce ( religi\s re=m]s :o h _h real p[]4 ,lu!r1 = example1 took 8 /& ^u ! ,new ,te/am5t & 8 own p]sonal exp]i5ce2 & by :at he knew ( ,god he judg$ all t ! mo/ v5]able tradition1 & ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur*1 & ! examples ( sa9tly m5 claim$ to set =? z b9d+ ^u him4 ,"h /& ,i3 ,i c d no o!r3 ,god help me4 ,he felt t he _h hold ( ! he>t ( ! revelation ( ,god z x 0 made 9 ,*ri/1 & he reject$1 )\t scruple1 :atev] 9 itself or 9 its results contradict$ or obscur$ t4 ,inspir$ & upheld by ?is consci\sness1 he fac$ a ho/ile _w & a rag+ ,*ur* ) equanimity4 ,x is always s t abuses h be5 remov$ & innovations t are hurtful w>d$ (f 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,god4 #gf ,comm5t>y on ,p5tateu*1 vol4 i41 p4 #ddh4 ,b !re is a difficulty "h4 ,z aga9/ ! hi/orical examples :i* %[ h[ mu* good may be wr\ght by ?is un%ak5 m9d :5 accompani$ by adequate insight1 _m1 p]haps ev5 m1 in/ances c be adduc$ :]e unb5d+ ass]tion ( individual conviction has l$ to fanaticism & irreligion2 or1 z has ev5 m frequ5tly be5 ! case1 has bl9d$ m5's eyes1 & made !m resi/ ) immovable ob/9acy tea*+s on :i* ! future ( religion dep5d$4 ,on ! alt> ( uncompromis+ fidelity to ! lett] ( ! fai? deliv]$ to !m1 m5 9 all ages h (f]$ up love & g5tl5ess & fairness1 & t op5 m9d to :i* alone ,god c speak4 ,h[ !n c !y be sure1 :5 !y disreg>d _! tea*]s & defy ev5 signs f heav51 t !y are really only hold+ up ! bann] ( fai? 9 an evil day1 & are n h>d5+ !mselves aga9/ ,god8 ,! answ] is t1 s9ce ! matt] conc]ns ! spiritual life1 !re are no cle>1 me*anical divid+ l9es :i* c be po9t$ out & respect$4 ,no?+ b spiritual insight c tea* a man :at ! absolutely ess5tial & ! less ess5tial elem5ts ( religion are4 ,no?+ else c give him t p[] ( di/+ui%+ great ?+s f small :i* "h is ( su* c>d9al importance4 ,probably ! ne>e/ approa* to effective guidance may be f\nd 9 ?is pr9ciple1 t :5 all po9ts 9 a man's fai? are to him equally important1 :5 he frets z mu* 9 reg>d to div]g5ce f 8 own religi\s practices z 9 reg>d to d5ial ( ! fai? altoge!r1 he mu/ c]ta9ly be wrong4 ,su* a temp] mu/ necess>ily resi/ all *ange2 & s9ce progress is z mu* a law 9 ! religi\s life z 9 any o!r1 x mu/ be f\nd at times fight+ aga9/ ,god4 ,o!rwise1 /agnation w\ld be ! te/ ( tru?1 & ! pr9ciples ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? w\ld be br&$ z s %all[ & s easily exhau/$1 t _! :ole significance c\ld be seiz$ & set =? at once by ! g5]ation :i* he>d ! apo/les4 ,t 0 f> f be+ ! case4 ,! po/-apo/olic ,*ur*1 = in/ance1 did n und]/& ,/4 ,paul4 ,x turn$ r to ! simpl] ideas ( ! mass ( ,*ri/ians1 & elaborat$ its doctr9es almo/ entirely on t basis4 ,dur+ ! c5turies s9ce !n _m lessons ( unspeakable value h be5 le>n$ by ! ,*ri/ian _w4 ,! ,*ur* has be5 enri*$ by ! ?\ghts & tea*+s ( multitudes ( m5 ( g5ius4 ,! provid5tial *ances & *anges ( all ^! c5turies h imm5sely wid5$ & deep5$ ,*ri/ian exp]i5ce4 ,/agnation consequ5tly _c be made ! te/ ( ,*ri/ian tru?4 ,we mu/ be op5 to new light on ! mean+ ( ,div9e revelation1 or we fail altoge!r1 z ! ,israelites w\ld h done _h !y refus$ to accept ! tea*+ ( any prophet aft] ! fir/4 ,?is mu* may1 h[ev]1 be said on ! affirmative side1 t :5 a man has ?\ghtfully & pray]fully decid$ t ! c5tral elem5t ( 8 fai? is attack$1 he _c b resi/1 & if he is fai?ful he w resi/ 9 ! _s ( ! passage we are discuss+4 ,8 ass]tion ( 8 individual conviction1 ev5 if x be mi/ak51 w d little h>m4 ,"t w be 9 fav\r ( ! tru?4 ,b mi/ake w be r>e1 inde$1 :5 m5 are taught to ass]t 9 ?is mann] only ! ?+s by :i* ! s\l lives1 :5 only ! actual *annels ( communion ) ,god are ?us def5d$ to ! utt]mo/4 ,^! any ?\ghtful pati5t man :o looks = & yields to ! guidance ( ! ,holy ,_s ( ,*ri/ w almo/ infallibly recognise1 & by ^! he w take 8 /&1 = he c d no o!r4 ,b precautions aga9/ idolatry are n exhau/$ by ! w> decl>$ ^u m5 :o might attempt to lead ! ,israelite into evil4 ,besides insidi\s human enemies1 !re 7 also insidi\s cu/oms orig9at+ 9 hea!nism1 & /ill r$ol5t ( idolatry ev5 :5 !y 7 sev]$ f any ov]t connection ) x4 ,anci5t rituals1 anci5t sup]/itions1 hateful remnants ( blood?ir/y pagan rites1 7 be+ reviv$ 9 ! ,deut]onomi/'s day on e h&1 because fai? 9 ! high] religion t _h sup]s$$ !m _h be5 %ak54 ,l /reams f hidd5 res]voirs sudd5ly reop5$1 idolatr\s & magical practices 7 ov]fl[+ ! l&1 & 7 f9d+ 9 popul> cu/oms1 h>mless 9 bett] days1 *annels = _! return into ! life ( ^? :o _h =m]ly ris5 above !m4 ,"s ( ^! 7 m hurtful ?an o!rs1 & two are s+l$ out at ! beg9n+ ( *apt] xiv4 z ^? :i* a p holy unto ,yahweh mu/ specially avoid3 ,ye %all n cut y\rselves1 nor make any baldness betwe5 y\r eyes = ! dead4 ,! gr\nds = avoid+ ^! practices are fir/ giv51 & we may probably assume t !y are ! gr\nds also = ! o!r enactm5ts :i* foll[4 ,!y are ^!3 ,ye are ! *ildr5 ( ,yahweh y\r ,god1 & ,?\ art a holy p unto ,yahweh ?y ,god1 & ,yahweh ha? *os5 !e to be a peculi> p unto ,himself1 out ( all peoples t are ^u ! face ( ! e>?4 ,! la/ ( ^! reasons is common to ! ,exodus code ) ,deut]onomy1 & comes ev5 m prom95tly into view 9 ! ,levitical law4 ,j z ,yahweh alone 0 to be _! ,god1 !y alone 7 to be ,yahweh's p1 & !y 7 to be holy to ,him1 i4e4 7 to sep>ate !mselves to ,him2 = 9 its e>lie/ mean+ to be holy is simply to be sep>ate to ,yahweh4 ,?is :ole disp5sation ( law1 t is1 0 meant to sep>ate ! p ( ,israel f ! idolatr\s _w1 & 9 ?is sep>ation we h ! key to mu* t w\ld o!rwise be h>d to compreh5d4 ,look$ at f ! po9t ( view ( revelation1 petty details ab\t tonsure1 ab\t clean & unclean animals1 & s on1 seem incr$ibly unwor?y2 & _m h said to !mselves1 ,h[ c ! ,god ( ! :ole e>? h really be5 ! au?or ( laws deal+ ) su* trivialities8 ,b :5 we reg>d ^! z provisions int5d$ to secure ! sep>ation ( ! *os5 p1 !y assume q ano!r aspect4 ,!n we see t !y _h to be fram$ 9 contra/ to ! idolatries ( ! surr\nd+ nations1 & are n meant to h fur!r spiritual or moral significance4 ,b ! fir/ reason giv5 is a high] & m important "o1 :i* occurs "h = ! fir/ "t 9 ,deut]onomy3 ,ye are ! *ildr5 ( ,yahweh y\r ,god4 ,9 hea!n l&s su* a title ( hon\r 0 common1 because physically mo/ wor%ipp]s ( false gods 7 reg>d$ z _! *ildr54 ,b 9 ,israel1 :]e su* physical son%ip w\ld h be5 reject$ ) horror z impair+ ! ,div9e hol9ess1 ! spiritual son%ip 0 ass]t$ ( ! individual mu* m sl[ly4 ,9 ,yahweh's comm& to ,moses to ?reat5 ,ph>aoh ) ! dea? ( 8 fir/born son1 & 9 ,hosea xi4 #a1 ,israel collectively is call$ ,yahweh's fir/born & ,8 son4 ,9 ,hosea i4 #aj x is prophesi$ t 9 ! ,messianic "t1 9 ! place :]e x 0 said unto !m1 ,ye are n ,my p1 x %all be said unto !m1 ,ye are ! sons ( ! liv+ ,god4 ,b "h = ! fir/ "t ?is high title is be/[$ ^u ! actual individual ,israelites4 ,x 0 p]haps impli$ 9 ! ,deut]onomi/'s view ( ,god's fa!rly treatm5t ( ! nation 9 ! des]t1 & /ill m 9 8 dem& = ! love ( ! individual he>t4 ,yet only "h is x br\ght pla9ly =? z a gr\nd = ! regulation ( life accord+ to ,yahweh's comm&s4 ,ea* son ( ,israel is also a son ( ,god2 & by none ( 8 acts or habits %\ld he br+ disgrace ^u 8 spiritual ,fa!r4 ,lik5ess to ,god is expect$ & dem&$ ( him4 ,x is 8 function 9 ! _w to repres5t ,him1 to give expression to ! ,div9e "* 9 all 8 ways4 ,?is is ! ,israelite's high call+1 & ! religi\s application ( noblesse oblige to su* matt]s z foll[1 gives a dignity & importance to all ( !m su* z 9 _! own nature !y c\ld h>dly claim4 ,ye %all n cut y\rselves1 nor make any baldness betwe5 y\r eyes = ! dead4 ,israel 0 n to express grief = ! dead 9 ^! ways1 fir/ because t 0 ! cu/om ( o!r nations1 & secondly /ill m because ! orig9 & mean+ ( su* rites 0 idolatr\s1 & z su* altoge!r unwor?y ( ,yahweh's sons4 ,bo?1 says ,rob]tson ,smi?1 occur n only 9 m\rn+1 b 9 ! wor%ip ( ! gods1 & belong to ! sph]e ( hea!n sup]/ition4#gg ,else:]e he expla9s ! cutt+ ( !mselves to be ! mak+ ( a blood cov5ant ) ! dead1 j z ! prie/s ( ,baal 9 _! wor%ip tri$ to get _! god to come to _! help by mak+ a cov5ant ( blood ) him at 8 alt>4#gh ,?is naturally t5d$ to br+ 9 ! sup]/itions ( necromancy1 & op5$ ! way also = ! wor%ip ( ! dead4 ,_m traces ( its previ\s exi/5ce among ! ,israelite tribes are to be f\nd 9 ! ,scriptures2 & ! probability is t z ance/or-wor%ip rul$ ! life & %ap$ ! ?\ghts ( ,greeks & ,romans till ,*ri/ianity appe>$1 s ,yahwism alone _h brok5 its p[] ov] ,israel4 ,b su* sup]/itions die h>d1 & 9 ! g5]al recrudesc5ce ( almo/ =gott5 =ms ( hea!nism at ?is "t1 ?is cult may v well h be5 reass]t+ itself4 ,z = ! %av+ ( ! front "p ( ! head1 t _h a precisely simil> import4 ,x _h exactly ! same s5se z ! (f]+ ( ! m\rn]'s blood4#gi ,:5 ! hair ( ! liv+ is deposit$ ) ! dead1 & ! hair ( ! dead rema9s ) ! liv+1 a p]man5t bond ( connection unites ! two4 #gg ,! ,old ,te/am5t 9 ! ,jewi% ,*ur*1 p4 #cff4 #gh ,religion ( ! ,semites1 p4 #cjd4 #gi ,ibid41 p4 #cjf4 ,! prohibition z food ( ! animals & birds call$ unclean 0 ano!r measure obvi\sly ( ! same nature z ! prohibition ( hea!n m\rn+ practices2 b 9 its details x is m difficult to expla94 ,probably1 h[ev]1 x 0 a m pot5t in/rum5t ( sep>ation ?an any o!r4 ,9 ,india to-day ! gulf betwe5 ! fle%-eat] & ! or?odox veget>ian ,h9du is utt]ly impassable2 & 9 ! ea/ ( ,europe & 9 ,pale/9e1 :]e ! ,jewi% re/rictions z to food are /ill reg>d$1 ! or?odox ,jew is sep>at$ f all ,g5tiles z by a wall4 ,9 travell+ he nev] appe>s at meals ) 8 fell[-travell]s4 ,all ! food he requires he c>ries ) him 9 a basket2 & at e place :]e he /ops x is ! duty ( ! ,jewi% community to supply him ) prop] food1 t he may n be tempt$ to defile himself ) any?+ unclean4 ,b x is v difficult = u n[ to br+ ! individual prohibitions "u "o head1 & x seems impossible to expla9 !m f any "o po9t ( view4 ,"s ( ! animals & birds prohibit$ 7 probably1 !n1 animals eat5 9 connection ) idolatr\s fea/s by ! neighb\r+ hea!n4 ,isa4 lxv4 #d %[s t sw9e's fle% 0 eat5 at sacrificial meals by idolat]s1 & f ! expression bro? ( abom9able ?+s is 9 _! vessels x is cle> t ! fle% ( o!r animals 0 s us$4 ,all ^! w\ld necess>ily be prohibit$ to ,israel2 b beyond a few1 su* z ! sw9e1 :i* 0 sacrific$ to ,tammuz or ,adonis1 & ! m\se & ! wild ass1 we h no means ( kn[+ :at !y 74 ,t ?is is a v]a causa ( su* prohibitions is %[n by ! facts m5tion$ by ,pr(essor ,rob]tson ,smi?1 t ,simeon ,/ylites =bade 8 ,s>ac5 conv]ts to eat ! fle% ( ! camel1 :i* 0 ! *ief elem5t 9 ! sacrificial meals ( ! ,arabs1 & our own prejudice aga9/ ! use ( horse-fle% is a relic ( an old ecclesia/ical prohibition fram$ at ! "t :5 ! eat+ ( su* food 0 an act ( wor%ip to ,od94 ,! v anci5t & /r+5t prohibition ( blood z an article ( diet is probably to be acc\nt$ = 9 ?is way also4 ,blood 0 eat5 at hea!n sacrificial fea/s2 )\t o!r reason t w\ld be suffici5t4 ,^! are ! g5]al l9es :i* mu/ h det]m9$ ! li/ ( clean animals 9 ! view ( ! lawgiv]1 s9ce he br+s !m 9 "u ! head ( idolatry & "u ! two g5]al gr\nds we h discuss$ 7p4 #bhi1 supra74 ,jewi% writ]s1 h[ev]1 especially s9ce ,maimonides1 h reg>d$ ^! prohibitions z aim+ prim>ily at sanit>y ends1 & z a pro( ( _! efficacy h adduc$ ! unusually high av]age heal? ( ! ,jews1 & _! almo/ complete exemption f c]ta9 classes ( disease4 ,no su* po9t ( view is sugge/$ 9 ! ,scriptures !mselves1 = x w\ld surely be r f>fet*$ to class possible disease z an infr+em5t ( ! hol9ess dem&$ ( ,israel1 or z a ?+ unwor?y ( ,yahweh's sons4 ,nev]!less a g5]al view ( ! li/ ( clean animals "h giv5 w\ld support ! idea t sanit>y consid]ations also _h some?+ to d ) ! classification4 ,! practical effect ( ! rule laid d[n is to exclude all ! c>nivora among quadrup$s1 & s f> z we c int]pret ! nom5clature1 ! raptores among birds4#hj ,among/ fi%1 ^? :i* 7 all[$ conta9 unque/ionably ! mo/ :olesome v>ieties4 ,fur!r1 ! nations ( antiquity :i* develop$ su* categories ( clean & unclean animals seem 9 ! ma9 to h tak5 ! same l9e4 ,! gr\nd ( ?is probably is ! natural disgu/ ) :i* unclean fe$]s are always reg>d$4 ,animals & birds especially :i* fe$1 or may be suppos$ to fe$1 on c>rion1 are ev]y:]e dislik$1 & z a rule !y are unsuitable = food4 ,grass-eat+ animals1 on ! o!r h&1 are always reg>d$ z clean4 ,scaleless fi%1 too1 are g5]ally m or less slimy to ! t\*1 & ) !m reptiles are altoge!r =bidd54 ,all ?is seems to %[ t a natural s5tim5t ( disgu/1 = :atev] reason felt1 0 active 9 ! selection ( ! animals m>k$ unclean by m5 ( e race4 ,! pre-,mosaic cu/om>y law on ?is subject w\ld1 ( c\rse1 h ?is *>act]i/ic 9 common ) simil> laws ( primitive nations4 ,:5 ! wor%ip ( ,yahweh 0 introduc$1 mo/ ( ?is w\ld be tak5 ov]1 only su* modifications be+ introduc$ z ! high] religion dem&$4 ,9 "s ma9 elem5ts1 !re=e1 ! ,mosaic law on ?is subject w\ld be a repetition ( :at is to be f\nd else:]e4 ,h5ce a g5]al t5d5cy to heal? may be expect$2 = besides ! guidance :i* heal?y disgu/ w\ld give1 a long exp]i5ce mu/ also h be5 regi/]$ 9 su* laws4 ,! influ5ce ( !m 9 promot+ heal? has rec5tly be5 ackn[l$g$ by ! ,lancet2 & ?\gh t reason = obs]v+ !m is n m5tion$ 9 ,scripture1 we may view x z a pro( t ! ,jewi% legislators 7 "u an influ5ce :i* br\ght !m1 p]haps ev5 :5 !y knew x n1 into relation ) :at 0 :olesome 9 ! practices & cu/oms ( _! place & "t4 #hj ,smi?'s ,diction>y ( ! ,bible1 vol4 iii4 p4 #aehi4 ,beyond ^! ?ree reasons = ! laws reg>d+ food1 all is ! wilde/ speculation4 ,if o!r reasons und]lie ^! laws1 we _c n[ asc]ta9 :at !y 74 ,= a "t x 0 ! cu/om to ascribe ! ,jewi% laws to ,p]sian influ5ce1 ?\gh f ! nature ( ! case su* laws mu/ h be5 "p ( ! h]itage ( ,israel f pre-,mosaic "t4 ,ev5 to-day ,jewi% writ]s ascribe !m to ! evil effect :i* bad food has ^u ! s\l1 ei!r by infect+ x ) ! *>act]i/ics ( ! unclean bea/s1 or by r5d]+ x imp5etrable to good influ5ces4#ha ,b1 z usual1 x is ! allegorical int]pret]s :o c>ry (f ! palm4 ,animals t *ew ! cud 7 to be eat51 because !y symbolis$ ^? :o read1 m>k1 le>n1 & inw>dly dige/ ! ,div9e law3 ^? :i* divide ! ho( are examples ( ^? :o di/+ui% betwe5 good & bad actions2 & 9 ! o/ri* "o int]pret] f9ds an analogue to ! bad comm5tators :o p]v]t ! words ( ,holy ,scripture4 #ha ,dillmann1 ,deut]onomy1 p4 #dhc4 ,hi!rto 9 *apt] xiv4 we h be5 deal+ ) mat]ial to :i* a p>allel c be f\nd only 9 ! small code ( laws conta9$ 9 ,lev4 xvii4-xxvi41 commonly call$ ! ,law ( ,hol9ess1 & 9 ! ,prie/ly ,code4#hb ,b ! two rema9+ directions reg>d+ food1 :i* are conta9$ 9 ! tw5ty-fir/ v]se are p>allel to prohibitions 9 ! ,law ( ! ,cov5ant4 ,! fir/1 ,ye %all n eat ( any?+ t die? ( itself 444 = ?\ art an holy p unto ,yahweh ?y ,god1 is p>allel to ,exod4 xxii4 #ca4 ,& ye %all be holy m5 unto ,me3 !re=e ye %all n eat any fle% t is torn ( bea/s 9 ! field1 & to ,lev4 xvii4 #ae1 ,e s\l t eate? t :i* die? ( itself1 or t :i* is torn ( bea/s1 :e!r he be homeborn or a /rang]1 he %all wa% 8 clo!s1 & ba! himself 9 wat]1 & be unclean until ! ev5+4 ,! gr\nd = prohibit+ su* food1 01 ( c\rse1 t ! blood 0 9 x4 ,b !re is a div]g5ce betwe5 ! p>allel laws1 :i* is se5 cle>ly :5 we take into acc\nt ! de/9ation ( ! fle% ( ! animal s dy+4 ,9 ,exodus x is said1 ,to ! dogs %all ye ca/ x4 ,9 ,deut]onomy ! comm& is1 ,to ! /rang] )9 ?y gates ye %all give x1 & he %all eat ( x1 or ye may sell x unto a =eign]4 ,9 ,leviticus x is tak5 = grant$ t an ,israelite & also a /rang] may eat ei!r ( ! nebhelah1 t :i* die? ( itself1 or ! t]ephah1 t :i* is torn2 & if ei!r d s x is prescrib$ only t he %\ld wa%1 & %\ld be unclean until ! ev5+4 #hb ,?is1 ( c\rse1 does n %[ t ,p mu/ h be5 kn[n to ,d1 b x proves t z reg>ds mat]ial ,p & ,d h drawn f ! same s\rce1 & t old] docum5ts1 or cu/oms at lea/1 und]lie bo?4 ,"h1 !re=e1 we h "o ( ! cases 9 :i* ! traditional hypo!sis--t ! ,law ( ! ,cov5ant 0 giv5 at ,s9ai :5 ,israel arriv$ !re1 ! laws ( ! ,prie/ly ,code probably n _m weeks aft]1 & ! code ( ,deut]onomy only ?irty-eight or ?irty-n9e ye>s lat]1 b be=e ! laws _h come fully into effect by ! occupation ( ,canaan--raises a difficulty4 ,:y %\ld ! ,s9aitic law say t t]ephah is n to be eat5 by any "o1 b ca/ to ! dogs1 & ! ,levitical law 9 s %ort a "t aft] make ! eat+ ( t & nebhelah m]e cause ( subord9ate uncleanness to bo? ,israelite & /rang]1 :ile ,deut]onomy p]mits ! ,israelite ei!r to give ! nebhelah to ! /rang] t he may eat x1 or to make x an article ( traffic ) ! =eign]8 ,keil's explanation is c]ta9ly feasible1 t 9 ,exodus we h ! law1 9 ,leviticus ! provision = accid5tal1 or p]haps wilful1 disob$i5ce ( x "u ! pressure ( hung]1 :ile 9 ,deut]onomy we h a p]mission to sell1 le/ on ! plea ( wa/e ! law might be ignor$4 ,b ! position ( ! gr1 or /rang]1 is n acc\nt$ =4 ,9 ,leviticus he is b\nd to ! wor%ip ( ,yahweh1 & c no m eat nebhelah or t]ephah ?an ! native ,israelite c1 :ile 9 ,deut]onomy he is on a l[] /age ?an ! ,israelite z reg>ds c]emonial cleanness1 & mu* on ! same level z ! nokhri1 ! =eign]1 :o 9 ,deut]onomy is dealt ) z an inf]ior1 n b\nd to ! same scrupulosity z ! ,israelite 7,deut4 xv4 #c1 #bc1 #bi74 ,!re does n appe> to be any explanation ( su* a *ange 9 less ?an =ty ye>s2 m especially z ! mom5t at :i* ! *ange w\ld on t hypo!sis be made 0 precisely ! mom5t :5 ! /rang] 0 ab\t = ! fir/ "t to become an important elem5t 9 ,israelite life4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! ord] ( ! codes be ,exodus1 ,deut]onomy1 ,leviticus1 !n ! ,exodus law1 :i* does n consid] ! /rang]1 w\ld suit ! e>lie/ /age ( ,israel's hi/ory1 :5 ! /rang] w\ld g5]ally be a spy4 ,lat]1 he crept into ,israelite life1 & gradually receiv$ m & m consid]ation2 especially 9 ! days ( ,solomon1 :5 ! ,*ronicl] e/imates ! numb] ( ! /rang]s at ov] a hundr$ & fifty ?\s&4 ,b he 0 n recognis$ at t /age z fully b\nd to all an ,israelite's duties1 or z possess$ ( all an ,israelite's privileges1 & t is precisely ! position he occupies 9 ,deut]onomy4 ,9 ! ,prie/ly ,code1 h[ev]1 at a "t :5 ! /rang] _h practically become a proselyte1 ! ideal ,k+dom ( ,god includes ! /rang]1 & gives him a position :i* diff]s little f t ( ! homeborn4 ,t w\ld make ^! diff]5t laws answ] to diff]5t p]iods ( ,israel's hi/ory1 & w\ld co9cide ) :at has be5 o!rwise f\nd to be ! ord] ( ,israel's legal developm5t4 ,! second prohibition1 :i* runs p>allel to :at we f9d 9 ,exodus1 is ! some:at enigmatical "o t a kid %\ld n be sodd5 9 its "m's milk4 ,:at x 0 9 ?is act :i* made x seem necess>y to issue su* a comm& _c n[ be asc]ta9$ ) any c]ta9ty4 ,mo/ probably x 0 connect$ 9 "s way ) hea!n c]emonies1 p]haps at a h>ve/ fea/2 =1 z we h se51 x is a rul+ motive ?r\gh\t all ?is section t ! ,israelites %\ld reject ev]y?+ :i* among _! neighb\rs 0 connect$ ) idolatry4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,! ,,speak]s ,,= ,,god--,i4 ,,! ,,k+ ,,deut4 xvii4 #ad-bj ,9 approa*+ ! ma9 section ( ! legislation x w be necess>y1 9 accordance ) ! expository "* ( ! s]ies to :i* ?is volume belongs1 to ab&on ! consecutive "* ( ! comm5t4 ,x w\ld lead u too f> into ar*ology to discuss ! mean+ & orig9 ( all ! legal provisions :i* foll[4 ,moreov] no?+ %ort ( an ext5sive comm5t>y w\ld d !m ju/ice1 & = our purpose we mu/ endeav\r to gr\p ! prescriptions ( ! code1 & discuss !m s4 ,z x /&s !re is no arrangem5t traceable4 ,s utt]ly )\t ord] is x1 t x c h>dly be ?\ght t x is 9 ! exact %ape 9 :i* x left its au?or's h&s4 ,transpositions & misplacem5ts mu/1 "o ?9ks1 h tak5 place to "s ext5t4 ,we are ?us left free to make our own arrangem5ts1 & x w\ld appe> mo/ fitt+ to discuss ! code "u ! five heads ( ,national ,life1 ,economic ,life1 & ?ree fundam5tal qualities ( a heal?y national life--,purity1 ,ju/ice1 & ! ,treatm5t ( ! ,poor4 ,e phase ( ! laws :i* rema9 = discussion c easily be br\ght "u ^! heads1 & ?is *apt] w discuss ! fir/ ( !m1 ! organisation ( ! national life4 ,x is a /rik+ in/ance ( ! accuracy ( ! national memory t !re is a cle> & consci\s te/imony to ! fact t = long !re 0 no k+ 9 ,israel4 ,_h ! lat] hi/orians be5 at ! m]cy ( a tradition s deeply influ5c$ by lat] times z x pleases "s critics to suppose1 x w\ld seem inexplicable t ,moses %\ld n h be5 repres5t$ z a k+1 & especially t ! conque/ %\ld n h be5 repres5t$ z a k+'s "w4 ,evid5tly !re 0 a p]fectly cle> national consci\sness ( ! e>li] circum/ances ( ! nation1 & x pres5ts u ) an outl9e ( ! orig9al con/itution :i* is v simple & cr$ible4 ,accord+ to ?is ! tribes :om ,moses l$ 7 rul$ 9 ! ma9 by _! own %eikhs or eld]s4 ,"u ^! aga9 7 ! clans or fa!rs' h\ses simil>ly gov]n$2 & la/ly1 !re 7 ! families 9 ! wid] s5se1 made up ( ! individual h\seholds & gov]n$ by _! heads4 ,s f> z c be ga!r$1 ,moses did n int]f]e ) ?is fundam5tal organisation at all4 ,he add$ to x only 8 own supremacy1 z ! m$iator & means ( communication betwe5 ,yahweh & ,8 p4 ,z su*1 8 decision 0 f9al 9 all matt]s too difficult = ! %eikhs & judges4 ,b ! fundam5tal po9t nev] lo/ sight ( 0 t ,yahweh alone 0 _! rul]1 _! legislator1 _! lead] 9 w>1 & ! do] ( ju/ice among ,8 p4 ,f ! v fir/ mom5t ( ,israel's national exi/5ce !re=e1 f ! mom5t t x pass$ ! ,r$ ,sea1 ,yahweh 0 ackn[l$g$ z ,k+1 & ,moses 0 simply ,8 repres5tative4 ,t is ! c>d9al fact 9 ?is nation's life1 & amid all ! difficulties & *anges ( its lat] hi/ory t 0 always held to4 ,ev5 :5 k+s 7 appo9t$1 !y 7 reg>d$ only z ! vic]oys ( ,yahweh4 ,9 ?is way ! :ole ( ! national affairs receiv$ a religi\s col\r2 & ^? :o look at !m f a religi\s /&po9t h a ju/ification :i* w\ld h be5 less manife/ "u o!r circum/ances4 ,x is1 !re=e1 no delusion ( lat] times :i* f9ds 9 ,israelite in/itutions a deep religi\s mean+4 ,nor is ! p]si/5ce ) :i* ! ,scriptural hi/orians reg>d only ! religi\s aspects ( national life to be laid z a fault to _! *>ge4 ,x is no?+ to ! purpose to say t ! bulk ( ! p _h no ?\ghts ( t k9d1 t ! :ole fabric ( ! national in/itutions appe>$ to !m 9 a diff]5t light4 ,we h no "r to l[] ! mean+ ( ?+s to ! gross mat]ialism ( ! populace4 ,"o w\ld almo/ ?9k1 to he> "s ,old ,te/am5t critics speak1 t 9 ?is mo/ ideal realm ( religion we c be safe f illusion only :5 ideal po9ts ( view are ab&on$1 t only 9 ! commone/ light ( common day h we any security t we are n deceiv+ ourselves4 ,b mo/ ( ^! same m5 w\ld res5t x bitt]ly if t /&>d 7 appli$ to ! hi/ory ( ! l&s !y !mselves love4 ,:at ,engli%man w\ld ?9k t ,great ,brita9's c>e] & de/9y 7 rightly e/imat$ if imp]ial s5tim5t & humanit>ian aims 7 ?ru/ aside 9 fav\r ( purely mat]ial consid]ations8 ,:y !n %\ld x be suppos$ t ! views & op9ions ( ! multitude are ! only safe crit]ion to be appli$ to ! in/itutions ( ,god's anci5t p8 ,9 tru?1 !re is no reason :y we %\ld ?9k s4 ,! ,div9e k+%ip made x impossible t ! high] m9ds %\ld be cont5t ) ! l[ aims ( ! opportuni/s ( _! day1 :e!r ^! 7 ( ! multitude or n4 ,ev5 ! entrance into ,canaan1 :i* to ! mass ( ! p 01 9 ! fir/ place1 a m]e acquisition ( t]ritory & weal?1 0 idealis$ = ! lead]s ( ! p by ! ?\ght t x 0 ! l& promis$ by ,yahweh to _! fa!rs1 ! l& 9 :i* !y %\ld live 9 communion ) ,him4 ,g5]ally1 x may be said t ! desire = communion ) ,god 0 ! impell+ & =mative p[] 9 ,israel4 ,! ?\ghts ( ev5 ! dulle/ & mo/ e>?ly 7 t\*$ by t ideal at times2 & no lead]1 :e!r royal1 or prie/ly1 or prophetic1 ev] really succe$$ among ?is p :o did n keep t p]si/5tly 9 view z ! true goal ( 8 ef=ts4 ,moreov] ?is gave its dep? ( mean+ to ! :ole movem5t ( hi/ory 9 ,israel4 ,e triumph & defeat1 e lapse & e re=m _h1 ow+ to ?is direction ( ! p's ef=ts1 a significance f> beyond itself4 ,^! 7 n m]ely incid5ts 9 ! hi/ory ( an obscure p2 !y 7 ! pulsations & movem5ts ( ! _w's advance to ! full revelation ( ,god4 ,all t w\ld h be5 :olly national or tribal 9 ! in/itutions & arrangem5ts ( an ord9>y p 0 9 ,israel lift$ up into ! religi\s sph]e2 & ! ord]s ( m5 :o spoke = ! invisible ,k+--! e>?ly k+1 ! prie/1 & ! prophet--became naturally ! organs ( ! national life4 ,! k+'s position 0 entirely dep5d5t ^u ,yahweh4 ,he 0 to be *os5 by ,yahweh1 he 0 to act = ,yahweh1 & no k+ c\ld rightly fill 8 place 9 ,israel :o 0 n loyal to t conception4 ,x is 9 ?is s5se t ,david 0 ! man aft] ,god's own he>t4 ,he1 9 contra/ to ,saul & to _m ( ! lat] k+s1 accept$ ) entire loyalty1 not)/&+ 8 great natural p[]s1 ! position ( vic]oy = ,yahweh4 ,x is1 !re=e1 an ess5tial tru? :i* und]lies ! ,scriptural judgm5t t ! k+s :o made !mselves1 or attempt$ to make !mselves1 indep5d5t ( ,yahweh1 7 false to ,israel & to _! true call+4 ,& ?is is :y ,samuel1 :5 ! p dem&$ a k+1 reg>d$ ! movem5t ) /]n disapproval1 & :y he receiv$ an oracle d5\nc+ ! movem5t z a fall+ away f ,yahweh4 ,=1 9 ! fir/ place1 ! motive = ! p's reque/1 _! desire to be l o!r nations1 0 9 itself a rejection ( _! ,god4 ,x repudiat$1 9 "p at lea/1 ! position ( ,israel z ,8 peculi> p1 & impli$ t an e>?ly k+ w\ld d m = !m ?an ,yahweh _h done2 :]eas if !y _h be5 fai?ful & unit$ en\gh 9 _s !y w\ld h f\nd victory easy4 ,9 ! second1 ! reque/ 9 itself 0 a confession ( unfitness = _! high national call+2 x 0 a confession ( failure "u ! conditions :i* _h be5 ,div9ely appo9t$ = !m4 ,n only 9 ! eyes ( ! ,biblical hi/orian !re=e1 b z a pla9 matt] ( fact1 ! dem& 0 an expression ( dissatisfaction on ! p's "p ) _! invisible ,k+4 ,!y ne$$ some?+ less spiritual ?an ,yahweh's invisible pres5ce & ! prophetic ^w to guide !m4 ,b s9ce !y _h decl>$ !mselves ?us unfai?ful1 ,yahweh _h to deal ) !m at t level1 & grant$ _! reque/ z a concession to _! unbelief & h>dness ( he>t4 ,t is ! repres5tation ( ! ,books ( ,samuel2 & ! abs5ce ( any simil> law f ! codes be=e ,deut]onomy confirms ! view t ! e>?ly k+%ip 0 n an ess5tial "p ( ! polity ( ,israel1 b a m]e episode4 ,n[h]e 9 legislation save "h 9 ,deut]onomy is ! k+ ev] m5tion$1 & n[h]e1 n ev5 "h1 is any provision made = 8 ma9t5ance4 ,no civil taxes are appo9t$ by any law1 :ile ! mo/ ample provision is made = ! pres5tation direct to ,yahweh1 z ,"l p>am\nt1 ( ti!s & fir/fruits4 ,! hi/ory & ! law alike agree !re=e 9 reg>d+ ! k+%ip z some:at ( an excresc5ce ^u ! national polity2 & ?is law1 :]e alone ! k+'s exi/5ce is recognis$1 conf9es itself /rictly to secur+ ! !ocratic "* ( ! con/itution4 ,he mu/ be *os5 by ,yahweh2 he mu/ be a born wor%ipp] ( ,yahweh1 n a =eign]2 & he mu/ rule 9 accordance ) ! law giv5 by ,yahweh4 ,fur!r1 ! ideal ,israelite k+ mu/ be on 8 gu>d aga9/ ! grossly voluptu\s luxury :i* ,ori5tal sov]eigns h nev] be5 able to resi/1 ei!r 9 anci5t or mod]n times2 & also aga9/ ! lu/ = w> & conque/ :i* 0 ! rul+ passion ( ,assyrian & ,egyptian k+s4 ,evid5tly too ! ideal k+ ( ,israel 01 l ,b$\9 %eikhs n[1 expect$ to be ri*1 able to ma9ta9 8 /ate out ( 8 own rev5ues4 ,! tribute paid by subject peoples1 toge!r ) ! booty tak5 9 w> & ! pr(its ( trade1 7 8 only legitimate s\rces ( income beyond 8 own weal?4 ,e o!r exaction 0 m or less ( an oppression4 ,he _h no "r to make any claims ^u ! l&1 = t 0 held direct ( ,yahweh4 ,nor 7 !re any regul> taxes1 s f> z ! ,old ,te/am5t in=ms u4 ,! only approa* to t w\ld appe> to be t ! pres5ts ) :i* 8 subjects volunt>ily approa*$ ! k+ 7 sometimes & by "s rul]s made p]man5t dem&s2 at lea/ t w\ld seem to be ! mean+ ( ! some:at obscure /atem5t 9 #a ,sam4 xvii4 #be t ,k+ ,saul w\ld rew>d ! slay] ( ,golia? by mak+ 8 fa!r's h\se free 9 ,israel4 ,"s k9d ( regul> exaction f :i* ! victori\s *ampion's family %\ld be free mu/ "h be ref]r$ to2 b x w\ld n be safe1 9 ! abs5ce ( all o!r evid5ce1 to suppose t regul> taxes 9 ! mod]n s5se are ref]r$ to4 ,m probably some?+ ( ! nature ( ! b5evol5ces :i* ,edw>d ,,iv4 introduc$ into ,engl& z a s\rce ( rev5ue is meant4 ,if a popul> & p[]ful k+ ( ,israel 0 9 want ( money1 he c\ld always secure x by ord]+ ^? able to af=d h&some pres5ts to appe> ye>ly be=e him ) su* gifts z a loyal subject %\ld (f]4 ,= ! conv5i5ce ( all p>ties an indication ( h[ mu* w\ld be expect$ might be made1 & !n he w\ld h :at to all int5ts & purposes w\ld be a tax4 ,along ) ?is he might also en=ce ! corve2 b su* ?+s 7 always reg>d$ z excesses ( despotic p[]4 ,t ,samuel 9 8 mi%pat hammelekh 7#a ,sam4 viii4 #ae7 w>ns ! p t ! k+ w\ld dem& ( !m a ti! ( _! c]eal crops & ( ! fruit ( _! v9ey>ds & ( _! %eep1 does n contradict ?is read+ ( ! passage 9 #a ,sam4 xvii4 ,= ?\gh *apt] viii4 belongs to ! lat] portion ( #a ,samuel & may !re=e repres5t :at ! k+s _h actually claim$1 yet x 9 no way endorses su* dem&s4 ,on ! contr>y1 x indicates t su* exactions w\ld br+ ! p into slav]y to ! k+ by ! phrase ,& ye %all be to him = slaves4 ,all t is m5tion$ !re1 consequ5tly1 is "p ( ! evil ! k+%ip w\ld br+ ) x1 & _c 9 any way be reg>d$ z a legal provision = ! ma9t5ance ( royalty4 ,x is n probable1 !re=e1 t 9 ^! prescriptions ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy is repeat+ a m anci5t law4 ,no su* law has come d[n to u4 ,dillmann supposes ! provision t ! k+ %\ld always be an ,israelite to be anci5t2 & inde$ at fir/ sight x is difficult to see :y su* a provision %\ld be introduc$ = ! fir/ "t 9 ! la/ days ( ! ,s\!rn ,k+dom1 :]e ! k+%ip _h s long be5 conf9$1 n only to ,israelites1 b to ! ,davidic l9e4 ,b ,j]4 xxxii4 #ba--,_! pot5tate %all be ( !mselves1 & _! gov]nor %all proce$ f ! mid/ ( !m--%[s t1 :atev] ! cause might be1 !re 0 9 ! fir/ ye>s ( ! six? c5tury a long+ = a native k+ simil> to t "h express$4 ,9 any case1 z ! obvi\s int5tion "h is to make entire submission to ,yahweh ! condition ( any legitimate k+%ip1 x 0 only consi/5t to require expressly t ! k+ %\ld be "o ( ,yahweh's p4 ,t motive w\ld be q suffici5t to acc\nt = rais+ :at _h be5 ! inv>iable practice into a =mulat$ law2 & no o!r ( ! prescriptions ne$ h be5 anci5t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! curi\s phrase ,only he %all n multiply horses to himself1 nor cause ! p to return to ,egypt to ! end t he %\ld multiply horses2 =asmu* z ,yahweh ha? said unto y1 ,ye %all h5ce=? return no m t way1 c h>dly belong to ! ,mosaic "t4 ,!re 0 no d\bt !n mu* dang] t ! p %\ld wi% to return to ,egypt2 b t a k+ %\ld cause !m to return = horses1 is too mu* ( a subord9ate detail to h be5 portion ( a ,mosaic prophecy4 ,if1 z is mo/ probable1 ! phrase condemns ! s5d+ ( ,israelites into ,egypt to buy horses & *>iots1 x c h be5 writt5 only aft] ,solomon's days4 ,be=e t "t ,israel1 z an almo/ exclusively m\nta9 p1 reg>d$ horses & *>iots ) dislike1 & usually de/roy$ !m :5 !y fell into _! h&s4 ,) ! ext5sion ( _! p[] ov] ! pla9s & ! gr[? ( a lu/ = conque/1 !y s\ght aft] *>iots eag]ly4 ,to procure !m !y ent]$ into alliances ) ,egypt :i* ! prophets d5\nc$1 & :i* br\ght to ! nation no?+ b evil4 ,x 0 natural1 !re=e1 t ! ,deut]onomi/ %\ld specially m5tion ?is detail1 & %\ld support x by ref]5ce to a ,div9e promise1 :i* does n appe> 9 our ,bible1 b :i* probably 0 f\nd 9 ei!r ! ,yahwi/ic or ! ,elohi/ic n>rative4 ,b :e!r ! :ole is ,deut]onomic or n1 !re c be no "q t ! comm& t ! k+ %all h a copy ( ?is law prep>$ = him & %all read con/antly !re9 is s2 & p]haps ( all ! prescriptions ?is is ! mo/ important4 ,9 purely ,ea/]n /ates !re is no legislature at all1 & ! great] "p ( ! crim9al jurisdiction especially is c>ri$ on )\t any ref]5ce to fix$ law save 9 cases affect+ religion4 ,?is 0 ! case 9 ! ,mahratta /ates 9 ,india s long z !y 7 indep5d5t4 ,! rul] & ! (fic]s he appo9t$ adm9i/]$ ju/ice1 solely accord+ to cu/om & _! own notions ( rectitude1 )\t adv]t5ce to any law except ! popul> notions ( cu/om>y law4#hc ,n[ 9 ,israel ! /ate ( ?+s 0 entirely simil>1 save 9 s f> z ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ,yahwi/ic religion _h be5 =mulat$4 ,9 all o!r respects cu/om>y law rul$ ev]y?+4 ,b x 0 ! religi\s influ5ce t gave its highe/ & be/ developm5ts to ! life ( ,israel4 ,x 0 ?is1 too1 :i* br\ght to su* e>ly maturity 9 ,israel ! pr9ciples ( ju/ice1 m]cy1 & fre$om4 ,else:]e ^! 7 ( exce$+ly sl[ gr[?4 ,9 ,israel1 ! influ5ce ( ! l(ty religi\s ideas implant$ 9 ! nation by ,moses did = !m :at ! influ5ce ( ! high] political & social ideas ( ! gov]n+ ,engli%m5 are said to d1 "u fav\rable circum/ances1 = ! ,indian peoples4 ,)\t di/urb+ ! g5]al h>mony :i* mu/ subsi/ betwe5 all p>ts ( ! organism ( ! ,/ate if ! nation's life is to be heal?y1 & )\t putt+ x out ( relation ) its surr\nd+s1 t influ5ce has be51 & is /ill1 mov+ ! m backw>d ,indian societies along ! natural pa?s ( human progress at a greatly accel]at$ spe$4#hd ,9 a simil> way ! ,israelite p 0 mov$ by ! ,mosaic influ5ce1 9 its aspirations at lea/1 ) an else:]e unexampl$ spe$ & c]ta9ty1 t[>ds an ideal ( national life :i* no nation s9ce has ev5 endeav\r$ to realise4 ,b :5ev] ! k+s ?rew (f ! yoke ( ,yahweh & plung$ into idolatry1 !n ! evils ( despotic ,ori5tal rule made _! appe>ance un*eck$4 ,^! evils h be5 enum]at$ 9 ! foll[+ words by "o well acqua9t$ ) ,ori5tal /ates3 ,cruelty1 sup]/ition1 call\s indiff]5ce to ! security ( ! weak] & poor] classes1 av>ice1 corruption1 disord] 9 all public affairs1 & op5 brig&age4 ,) ! exception p]haps ( ! la/1 ^! are precisely ! s9s :i* ! prophets are cont9ually d5\nc+4 ,long be=e ,hezekiah !y 7 rampant1 especially 9 ! ,nor!rn ,k+dom1 & 9 ! evil days betwe5 ,hezekiah & ,josiah1 :5 we suppose ,deut]onomy to h be5 writt51 !y 7 indulg$ 9 )\t %ame or compunction4 #hc ,tupp]1 ,our ,indian ,protectorate1 pp4 #bdh1 #bdi4 #hd ,ibid41 p4 #cba4 ,! result 0 t an in>ticulate cry1 l t we he> to-day f ,p]sia 9 ! articulate =m ( newspap] articles1 mu/ h fill$ ! he>ts ( all righte\s m5 & ! multitude ( ! oppress$4 ,:at x w\ld be we may le>n f ! foll[+ extract f a lett] writt5 f ,p]sia to ! ,kam91 i4e4 ,law1 a ,p]sian newspap] publi%$ 9 ,london1 & translat$ by ,arm9ius ,vambry 9 ! ,deuts*e ,runds*au = ,octob] #ahic3 ,oh1 bro!rs1 behold h[ deeply we h sunk into ! sea ( ignom9y & %ame4 ,tyranny1 fam9e1 disease1 pov]ty1 calamity1 decay ( "*1 & all ! mis]y 9 ! _w has ov]fl[$ our c\ntry4 ,! cause ( all ?is mis=tune lies 9 ?is1 t we h no laws2 only 9 ?is1 t our consci5celess & fooli% great ones h wilfully & purposely reject$1 trodd5 "u foot1 & de/roy$ ! laws ( ! sacr$ code4444 ,we are m51 & w\ld h laws6 ,x is n new laws we ask =1 b we desire t our secul> & spiritual heads %\ld assemble & press = ! en=cem5t ( ! holy laws ( ! sacr$ code4 ,!re=e we ask ( y ?is "o ?+1 t y %\ld proclaim3 ',we are m51 & w\ld h laws4' ,! ,ea/ is s p]5nially ! same1 t ! two ?\s& five hundr$ ye>s :i* sep>ate t pa!tic cry f ! pray]s ( ! true ,israel 9 ,manasseh's & ,amon's days make no radical diff]5ce4 ,! situation 0 ! same1 & ! ne$ 0 ! same4 ,h5ce came ?is prophetic & prie/ly r$action ( ! ,law ( ! ,cov5ant4 ,!y 7 m51 & w\ld h laws4 ,!y s\ght to be fre$ f ! gre$1 ! cruelty1 & ! lawlessness ( _! rul]s2 & hav+ produc$ _! revis$ code1 !y wi%$ to secure t x %\ld n disappe> f memory1 z ! m anci5t law _h be5 suff]$ to d4 ,x mu/ be kept cont9ually be=e ! k+'s m9d4 ,x %all be ) him1 & he %all read !re9 all ! days ( 8 life2 t he may le>n to fe> ,yahweh 8 ,god1 to keep all ! words ( ?is law & ^! /atutes to d !m4 ,9 ?is way x 0 ?\ght t future great ones w\ld be prev5t$ f reject+1 tread+ "u foot1 & de/roy+ ! laws ( ! sacr$ code4 ,b ! k+ ( ,israel 0 n only to be a law-abid+ & a law-en=c+ k+4 ,he 0 to le>n f ?is new law ev5 a deep] lesson4 ,he 0 to read daily 9 ! law1 t 8 he>t might n be lift$ up above 8 bre?r54 ,ori5tal despots ei!r op5ly claim t !y are ( high] & pur] blood ?an _! subjects1 or !y deal ) ^! latt] z if !y _h no?+ 9 common ) !m4 ,9 ! laws ( ,manu x is said1 ,ev5 an infant k+ mu/ n be despis$1 7f an idea7 t he is a 7m]e7 mortal2 = he is a great deity 9 human =m4 ,x 0 n to be s 9 ,israel4 ,8 subjects 7 ! ,israelite k+'s bre?r54 ,!y all /ood 9 ! same relation to _! ,god4 ,all equally _h %>$ ,yahweh's fav\r 9 be+ deliv]$ f ! bondage ( ,egypt4 ,ea* _h ! same rights1 ! same privileges1 ! same claims to ju/ice & consid]ation z ! k+ himself _h4 ,t1 ?is law 0 to tea* ! k+2 & :5 he _h le>n$ ! lesson1 x is tak5 = grant$ t ! root f :i* ! o!r evils spr+ w\ld be de/roy$4 ,su*1 !n1 ! rul] ( ,israel 0 to be4 ,he 0 to feel1 fir/ ( all 8 responsibility to ,god4 ,!n he 0 to d5y himself to ! lu/ ( conque/1 to ! voluptu\s pleasures ( ! fle%1 to ! mo/ dev\r+ lu/ ( all1 ! love ( money4 ,la/ ( all1 & above all1 he 0 to ackn[l$ge 8 equality ) ! poore/ ( ! p 9 ! sight ( ,god4 ,c\ld !re be ev5 yet a nobl] ideal set be=e ! k+s ( ! _w ?an ?is8 ,! reign ( only "o k+ ( ,israel1 ,josiah1 promis$ its realisation4 ,t seem$1 inde$1 to be ! fair beg9n+ ( a "t4 ,b x 0 n s2 x prov$ to be only an aft]gl[1 a m]e prelude to ! night4 ,none ( 8 successors made ev5 an attempt to imitate him1 & ! de/ruction ( ! ,jewi% ,/ate put an end to all hope ( ! appe>ance ( ! ,yahwi/ic k+ 9 ,israel4 ,else:]e1 be=e ! com+ ( ,*ri/1 he did n appe>4 ,s9ce ,*ri/'s com+1 "h & !re1 at r>e int]vals1 su* rul]s h be5 f\nd4 ,b 9 ! ,ea/ p]haps ! only rul]s :o c be said to h made any attempt 9 ?is direction are ! be/ ( ! great uncr[n$ k+s ( ,india1 ! ,briti% vic]oys4 ,su*1 = example1 0 ,"l ,lawr5ce's aim1 & 8 rew>d4 ,f ! beg9n+ to ! end ( 8 ,indian c>e] he liv$ a pure & simple life1 lab\r$ ) untir+ en]gy = ! good ( ! p1 & kept 9 8 m9d1 z 8 aspirations = 8 ,punjaub peasantry %[1 ! ,old ,te/am5t ideal ( bo? rul] & rul$4 ,he 01 too1 entirely free f ! lu/ ( conque/1 z "s ,indian vic]oys h n p]haps be52 & he did all 8 "w "u a solemn s5se ( responsibility to ,god4 ,to a l>ge ext5t1 ! ,biblical ideal made him :at he 0 z a rul]1 & ! life & p[] ( t ideal n[1 9 su* m51 suffici5tly %[ ! tru? ( ! prophetic & prie/ly insight :i* is embodi$ "h4 ,_m :o h disreg>d$ ^! rules h done great ?+s = ! _w2 b we are only ! m sure1 aft] two ?\s& five hundr$ ye>s1 t on ^! l9es alone c ! rul] atta9 8 highe/ & pure/ em95ce4 ,all ! aspirations ( m5 to-day are t[>ds a /ate ( ?+s 9 :i* rul]s1 :e!r !y be any long] k+s or no1 %all /& on a level ( bro!rhood ) _! subjects1 & %all set ! good ( ! rul$ be=e !m z _! sole aim4 ,all m5 are dream+ n[ ( a future 9 :i* p]sonal ambition %all h little scope1 9 :i* none w be = himself or = a p>ty1 b all w be = ! ,/ate4 ,if ev] t good dream be realis$1 rul]s ( ! ,deut]onomic type w be univ]sal2 & ! dep? ( wisdom embodi$ 9 ! laws ( ?is small & obscure ,ori5tal p1 s _m ages ago1 w be manife/$ 9 a g5]al political & social happ9ess su* z has nev] yet be5 se51 on any l>ge scale at lea/1 9 ! hi/ory ( m54 ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,speak]s ,,= ,,god4--,,ii4 ,,! ,,prie/ ,,deut4 xviii4 #a-h ,! prie/hood naturally foll[s ! k+%ip 9 ! regulations reg>d+ ! position ( ! gov]n+ classes4 ,b x 0 an old] & mu* m radical con/itu5t 9 ! polity ( ,israel ?an we h se5 ! k+%ip to be4 ,orig9ally1 ! prie/s 7 ! normal & regul> expon5ts ( ,yahweh's w4 ,!y receiv$ & gave =? to ! p oracles f ,him1 & !y 7 ! f\nta9 ( moral & spiritual guidance4 ,! ,torah ( ! prie/s1 :i* on ! old] view 0 ! ,p5tateu* z we h x1 or its sub/ance at lea/1 :i* ,moses _h put into _! h&s1 is mu* m probably n[ reg>d$ z ! guidance giv5 by means ( ! sacr$ lot & ! ,urim & ,?ummim4 ,because ( _! special ne>ness to & intimacy ) ,god1 ! prie/s 7 9 contact ) ! ,div9e w & c\ld receive special ,div9e guidance2 & 9 days :5 ! voice ( prophecy 0 dumb1 or 9 matt]s :i* x left unt\*$1 ! prie/ly ,torah1 or direction1 0 ! "o au?oris$ ,div9e voice4 ,b ?is 0 n ! only function ( ! prie/s4 ,sacrificial wor%ip 0 a m fundam5tal function4 ,wellhaus5 & 8 s*ool inde$ seem incl9$ to d5y t z prie/s ( ,yahweh !y _h any ,div9ely ord]$ connection ) sacrifice4 ,b ! tru] view is t _! p[] to give ,torah to ,israel dep5d$ entirely ^u _! be+ ! cu/odians ( ! places :]e ,yahweh _h caus$ ,8 "n to be rememb]$4 ,! !ory 0 t1 z !y approa*$ ,him ) sacrifices 9 ,8 sanctu>ies1 !y consequ5tly c\ld speak = ,him2 s t ! gu>d+ ( ,8 %r9es1 & ! (f]+ ( ! p's sacrifices !re 7 _! fir/ duties4 ,9 fact !y 7 ! m$iators betwe5 ,yahweh & ,israel4 ,yahweh 0 ,k+1 b ,he 0 invisible1 & ! prie/s 7 ,8 visible e>?ly repres5tatives4 ,! dues1 :i* 9 a m]ely secul> /ate w\ld h gone to ! k+1 z r5t = ! l&s held ( him1 7 employ$ = _! appo9t$ uses by ! prie/s1 z ! s]vants & repres5tatives ( ! heav5ly ,k+ :o _h be/[$ ! l& ^u ,israel & allott$ to ea* family its portion4 ,occupy+ a middle position1 !n1 betwe5 ! two p>ties to ! ,cov5ant by :i* ,israel _h become ,yahweh's *os5 p1 !y spoke = ! p :5 !y appe>$ be=e ,yahweh1 & = ,him :5 !y came =? to ! p4 ,!y 71 z we h said1 ! olde/ & mo/ important ( ! rul+ classes1 & mu/ h be5 f e>ly times a special ord] set ap>t = ! s]vice ( ,israel's ,god4 ,! ma9 passages 9 ,deut]onomy :i* be> ^u ! position & "* ( ! prie/hood & ( ! tribe ( ,levi are ! foll[+4 ,9 *aps4 xviii4 #a-h1 x4 #f-i1 & xxvii4 #i-ad ! /rictly prie/ly functions ( ! tribe ( ,levi are dealt )2 9 xvii4 #i ff4 xix4 #ag1 ! judicial functions2 9 xxi4 #a-e _! function 9 connection ) sanit>y matt]s is ref]r$ to4 ,besides ^! !re are ! v>i\s injunctions to invite ! ,levites to ! sacrificial fea/s1 because !y h no inh]itance1 & a numb] ( ref]5ces to ! prie/hood z a well-kn[n body1 ! con/itution & duties ( :i* did n ne$ special treatm5t4 ,^! la/ are ( !mselves suffici5t to prove beyond "q t 9 deal+ ) ! prie/s & ,levites ! au?or ( ?is book writes f out ( ! mid/ ( a long e/abli%$ sy/em4 ,he does n legislate = ! introduction ( prie/s1 nei!r does he ref] to a prie/ly sy/em rec5tly elaborat$ by himself1 & only n[ com+ into op]ation4 ,he does n tell u h[ prie/s are to be appo9t$1 nor f :om1 nor ) :at c]emonies ( consecration !y are to be induct$ into _! (fice4 ,9 fact ! writ] speaks ( :at conc]ns ! prie/s & ,levites 9 a mann] :i* makes x c]ta9 t 9 8 day !re 71 & _h long be51 ,levites :o 7 prie/s1 & ,levites ( :om x may at lea/ be said t !y 7 probably no?+ m ?an subord9ates 9 reg>d to religi\s duty4 ,9 a ^w1 :ile presuppos+ an e/abli%$ sy/em ( prie/ly & ,levitical s]vice1 he n[h]e attempts to give any cle> or complete view ( t sy/em4 ,8 :ole m9d is turn$ t[>ds ! p4 ,x is ab\t _! duties & _! rights he is anxi\s1 ab\t _! duties p]haps m ?an _! rights2 & he t\*es ^u matt]s connect$ ) o!rs ?an ! p only 9 a cursory way4 ,9 ?is matt]1 especially1 he cle>ly ne$s to be supplem5t$ by in=mation drawn f o!r s\rces1 & 8 e ^w ab\t x %[s t he is n introduc+ or ref]r+ to any?+ new4 ,any modifications he makes are pla9ly /at$ & are limit$ to a few special po9ts4 ,! *ief passage = our purpose is1 h[ev]1 xviii4 #a-h1 :]e we h ! ag5ts ( ! cultus def9$1 & directions = ! dues to be giv5 !m4 ,9 v]4 #a ^! ag5ts are cle>ly said to be ! :ole tribe ( ,levi2 = ! phrase ,! prie/s1 ! ,levites1 ! :ole tribe ( ,levi1 _c mean ! prie/s & ! ,levites :o toge!r make up ! :ole tribe ( ,levi4 ,not)/&+ ! argum5ts ( ,keil & ,curtiss & o!r +5i\s s*ol>s1 ! unprejudic$ m9d mu/1 ,i ?9k1 accept ,dillmann's r5d]+1 ,! ,levitical prie/s1 ! :ole tribe ( ,levi1 ! latt] clause /&+ 9 apposition to ! =m]4 ,9 t case ,deut]onomy mu/ be held to reg>d e ,levite z 9 "s s5se prie/ly4 ,?is view is confirm$ by x4 #h f41 :]e di/9ctly prie/ly duties are assign$ to ! tribe ( ,levi4 ,"s inde$ ass]t t ?is v]se 0 writt5 by a lat] editor1 b valid reasons = ! ass]tion are some:at difficult to f9d4#he ,nei!r ,ku55 nor ,oettli nor ,dillmann f9d any4 ,we may1 !n1 accept x z ,deut]onomic s9ce critics ( su* v>i\s lean+s d s4 ,to quote ,dillmann1 ,beyond "q1 !re=e1 ! tribe z a :ole appe>s "h z call$ to sacr$1 especially prie/ly s]vice2 only x does n foll[ f t t e individual memb] ( ! tribe c\ld ex]cise ^! functions at 8 pleasure1 )\t !re be+ any organisation & gradation among ^! s]vants ( ,god4 ,no1 t does n foll[2 & ?is v passage 7,deut4 xviii4 #a-h7 %[s t x does n1 = x makes a v cle> di/9ction4 ,9 vv4 #c ff4 ! dues ( ! prie/ are dealt )1 :ile 9 vv4 #f ff4 ^? ( ! ,levite 9 "o special case are provid$ =4 ,z if to emphasise ! di/9ction betwe5 !m1 ! prie/ 9 v]4 #c is n call$ ,levitical1 z he is 9 o!r passages4 #he ,ku551 ,h4 ,k4 ,o41 ,e]/e ,deel1 p4 #aac4 ,fur!r1 ! v]ses conc]n+ ! ,levite also emphasise ! di/9ction2 = few w be able to adopt ! view t "h 9 vv4 #f ff4 e ,levite :o *ooses is au?oris$ to become a prie/1 by ! m]e process ( pres5t+ himself at ! c5tral sanctu>y4 ,! au?or ( ,deut]onomy mu/ h kn[n1 bett] probably ?an any "o n[ consid]+ ?is matt]1 t ! prie/s 9 ! c5tral sanctu>y w\ld nev] cons5t to divide _! privileges & _! income ) e memb] ( _! tribe :o might *oose to come up to ,j]usalem4 ,inde$1 if !y _h receiv$ ea* & e "o1 ! cr[d w\ld h be5 an emb>rassm5t in/ead ( a help4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 :5 ! ,deut]onomic re=m came to be put 9 practice1 ?is free admission ( e ,levite to ! s]vice ( ! ,j]usalem ,temple 0 n adopt$1 & x is prima facie improbable t ! au?or ( x c h meant 8 provision 9 t s5se4 ,! mean+ seems to be t1 z only ^? ,levites :o 7 employ$ 9 ! c5tral sanctu>y c\ld be de facto prie/s1 ^? liv+ 9 ! c\ntry 7 n prie/s 9 ! same s5se2 & ! regulation made is t if any ,levite came up to ,j]usalem & 0 receiv$ into ! ranks ( ! ,temple ,levites1 i4e4 ! sacrificial prie/s1 he %\ld receive ! same dues z ! o!rs p]=m+ ! same "w did4 ,b ?\gh no conditions ( admission to ! ,temple s]vice are m5tion$1 obvi\sly !re mu/ h be5 "s conditions1 "s division ( lab\r1 "s organisation involv+ gradations 9 rank1 & p]haps also "s limitation z to "t 9 ! case ( su* volunt>y s]vice z is "h dealt )4 ,=1 z ,dillmann po9ts out1 x is n said t ! s]vice ( e ,temple ,levite is ! same2 numb]s ( !m may h _h no high] "w ?an ! ,levites "u ! laws ( ! ,prie/ ,codex4 ,moreov] ! o!r functions assign$ to ! prie/s confirm ! argum5t1 & prove t 9 ! "t ( ,deut]onomy di/9ctions ( rank among ! ,levites mu/ h be5 firmly e/abli%$4 ,!y _h a place 9 ! public ju/ici>y1 ev5 9 ! supreme c\rt1 9 ! place :i* ,yahweh _! ,god _h *os5 7,deut4 xvii4 #i1 xix4 #ag74 ,n only s1 ! law conc]n+ a man f\nd sla9 9 *ap4 xxi41 vv4 #a-e1 implies t !re 7 9 ! cities ?r\gh\t ! l& prie/s1 ! sons ( ,levi1 :om ,yahweh ?y ,god ha? *os5 to m9i/] unto ,him & to bless 9 ! "n ( ,yahweh1 & accord+ to _! ^w %all e controv]sy & e /roke be4 ,n[ x _c possibly h be5 ! int5tion ( ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy t e memb] ( ! tribe ( ,levi %\ld h equal p[] to decide su* matt]s4 ,if 9 8 view e ,levite 0 a prie/1 !n we %\ld h ?is impossible /ate ( affairs1 t ! highe/ c\rts = judicial process %\ld be 9 ! h&s ( a class :i* 0 m l>gely indebt$ to ! g5]osity ( ! ri* = its ma9t5ance ?an any o!r 9 ! c\ntry4 ,x seems pla9 !re=e t e ,levite c\ld n ex]cise full prie/ly functions because ( 8 bir?4 ,cle>ly1 if any ,levite might become a prie/ x 0 only 9 ! same s5se 9 :i* e ,napoleonic soldi] 0 said to c>ry a m>%al's baton 9 8 knapsack4#hf #hf ,! same conclusion mu/ be come to 9 connection ) ! sanit>y duties ( ! prie/hood z laid d[n1 or r z allud$ to1 9 ,deut4 xxiv4 #h1 #i4 ,?is implies t ! ,levitical prie/s _h special duties 9 connection ) su* matt]s1 duties :i*1 if n precisely ! same z ^? laid d[n 9 ! ,law ( ,leprosy 7,lev4 xiii41 xiv471 mu/ h ne>ly resembl$ !m4 ,semi-m$ical skill mu/ h be5 necess>y = ! satisfactory dis*>ge ( ^! duties1 & we mu/ suppose t ! prie/s :o dis*>g$ !m 7 select$ f ! tribe ( ,levi on "s pr9ciple ei!r ( special prov$ k & fitness1 or on ! gr\nd ( h]$it>y devotion to su* "w4 ,f9ally1 9 ?is passage 7v]4 #e71 by ! words him & 8 sons = ev]1 :i* ref] back to ! prie/1 a h]$it>y "* ( ! prie/hood is ass]t$4 ,?is phrase is rem>kably p>allel to t s frequ5tly us$ by ,p1 ,a>on & 8 sons2 & ?\gh we are n told 9 :at family or families ! prie/hood 0 h]$it>y1 x mu/ h be5 s 9 "s4 ,b 9 x4 #f1 #g1 ! family ( ,a>on is m5tion$ by ! ,deut]onomi/ z hav+ h]$it>y "r to ! prie/hood at ! c5tral %r9e4 ,!re c !re=e be no d\bt t 9 ! "t ( ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy prie/hood 0 h]$it>y1 p]haps 9 sev]al families1 b c]ta9ly 9 ! family ( ,a>on4 ,! rema9+ po9t 9 ^! v]ses ( *ap4 xviii4 is ! dues4 ,z ! :ole tribe _h no l&1 s ! :ole tribe _h a %>e 9 ! dues paid by ! p to _! ,div9e ,k+4 ,9 vv4 #c ff4 we h a /atem5t ( :at ^! 74 ,! :ole tribe ( ,levi are to eat ! (f]+s ( ,yahweh made by fire1 & ,8 inh]itance4 ,& !y %all h no inh]itance among _! bre?r53 ,yahweh is _! inh]itance1 z ,he ha? spok5 unto !m4 ,! only place 9 ,scripture 9 :i* su* a promise is giv5 is ,numb4 xviii4 #bj1 #bd1 s t ^! passages1 if n ref]r$ to by ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy1 mu/ be f\nd$ ^u a tradition already old 9 8 "t4 ,z ! s]vants ( ,yahweh1 ! ,levites 7 to be :olly ,yahweh's c>e2 z ,8 repres5tatives1 !y 7 to use = ! supply ( _! ne$s all su* portions ( ! (f]+s made to ,him by fire z 7 n to be consum$ on ! alt>4 ,_! rema9+ provision 0 to be ,81 i4e4 ,yahweh's1 inh]itance1 or r portion1 or t :i* belongs to ,him4 ,n[ ,yahweh's portion consi/$ ( all ! o!r sacr$ dues 7besides ! sacrifices7 :i* %\ld be paid to ,yahweh1 su* z ! ti!s1 ! fir/l+s1 & ! fir/fruits4 ,on ^! ! :ole tribe ( ,levi 0 to live1 & s be free to give _! "t to ! special bus9ess ( ! sanctu>y1 & to relat$ duties1 9 s f> z !y 7 call$ ^u4 ,b !re 7 to be di/9ctions4 ,9 vv4 #c-e we h a special /atem5t ( :at 0 to be paid by ! p to ! prie/s1 i4e4 ! sacrific+ prie/s4 ,( e animal (f]$ 9 sacrifice1 except ^? (f]$ z :ole burnt-(f]+s1 !y 7 to receive ! %\ld]1 ! two *eeks1 & ! maw1 all *oice pieces4 ,fur!r1 !y 7 to receive ! fir/fruits ( corn1 w9e1 oil1 & ! fir/ ( ! fleece ( ! %eep4 ,= ! prie/s ( "o sanctu>y ^! w\ld be q provision en\gh1 ?\gh ! ^w translat$ fir/fruits1 r%i?1 is v indef9ite1 & probably meant mu* or little1 accord+ z ! donor 0 lib]al or *urli%4 ,b h[ does ?is agree ) t :i* is be/[$ ^u ! prie/s accord+ to ! ,prie/ ,codex8 ,9 ! passage correspond+ to ?is 7,lev4 vii4 #ca-cd7 ! wave brea/ & ! heave ?igh are ! portions :i* are to be be/[$ ^u ,a>on ! prie/ & 8 sons1 z a due = ev] f ! *ildr5 ( ,israel2 & :]e ! fir/fruits are dealt ) 7,numb4 xviii4 #ab ff47 ! fir/ ( ! fleece ( ! %eep is n m5tion$4 ,t is an addition made by ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy2 b :at ( ! %\ld]1 ! two *eeks1 & ! maw8 ,are !y a sub/itute = ! wave brea/ & ! heave ?igh1 or are !y an addition8 ,if we hold t ! laws 9 ! ,p5tateu* 7 all giv5 by ,moses 9 ! wild]ness1 & 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y /&1 x w be mo/ natural to ?9k t :at we h "h is meant to be an addition to :at ,numb]s prescribes4 ,b if x is e/abli%$ t ,deut]onomy is a di/9ct "w1 writt5 at a diff]5t p]iod f ! o!r books ( ! ,p5tateu*1 !n1 ?\gh !re is n suffici5t evid5ce to ju/ify a dogmatic decision on ei!r side1 ! weight ( probability is 9 fav\r ( ! supposition t ! ,deut]onomic provision is a sub/itute1 or at lea/ an alt]native1 = :at we h 9 ,numb]s4 ,! fact t ! prescription 9 ,numb]s is n repeat$ makes = t view1 z well z ! fact t ,deut]onomy does n z a rule t5d to increase ! burd5s on ! p4 ,keil's view1 t ,deut]onomy & ,numb]s are deal+ ) q diff]5t sacrifices1 w h>dly /& exam9ation4 ,he ?9ks t ! fea/s at :i* ! fir/l+s1 turn$ into money1 & ! ?ird-ye> ti!s 7 eat51 are ref]r$ to "h1 :ile 9 ,numb]s x is ! ord9>y peace-(f]+s :i* are dealt )4 ,b ! po/pon$ fir/l+s 7 eat5 at ! sanctu>y1 & w\ld consequ5tly come "u ! head ( ord9>y sacrifices2 & ! ?ird-ye> ti!s 7 eat5 9 ! local c5tres1 s t ! br++ ( ! prie/ly portions w\ld be z difficult 9 ?is case z 9 ! case ( ! slaught]+s = ord9>y meals1 :i* ,keil1 p>tly = t reason1 ?9ks _c be ref]r$ to "h4 ,on ! :ole1 ! be/ op9ion seems to be t ,deut]onomy has "h diff]5t prescriptions f ^? 9 ,numb]s1 & t probably !re is a consid]able int]val ( "t betwe5 ! two4 ,9 vv4 #f-h ! ,levite z di/+ui%$ f ! prie/ is dealt )1 ?\gh by no means fully4 ,only 9 "o respect are special regulations giv54 ,:5 su* an "o came to d duty at ! c5tral sanctu>y1 he 0 to receive 8 %>e ( ! sacrifices ) ! re/4 ,9 ,*apt] ,i4 ! ma9 outl9es ( ! ,deut]onomic sy/em ( prie/ly arrangem5ts h be5 plac$ alongside ^? ( ! ,book ( ! ,cov5ant & ,,je1 & ^? ( ,p1 ) a view to decide :e!r !y c\ld all h be5 ! "w ( "o lawgiv]'s life4 ,"h !y mu/ be comp>$ 9 ord] t we may asc]ta9 :e!r a view ( ! developm5t ( ! prie/ly tribe :i* w d ju/ice to ^! v>i\s docum5ts & _! provisions c be sugge/$4 ,"s s*ools ( critics (f] ! hypo!sis t !re 0 no special prie/hood till late 9 ! "t ( ! k+s4 ,f ! beg9n+1 !y say1 ! head ( ea* h\sehold 0 ! family prie/1 & secul> m51 su* z ! k+s1 & m5 ( o!r tribes ?an ! ,levites1 c\ld be & 7 prie/s1 & (f]$ sacrifice ev5 at ,j]usalem4 ,) ,deut]onomy ! tribe ( ,levi 0 e/abli%$ z ! prie/ly tribe1 & only aft] ! ,exile 0 prie/hood re/rict$ to ! sons ( ,a>on4 ,b ?is s*eme does ju/ice to "o set ( passages only at ! exp5se ( ano!r4 ,x acc\nts = all t is anomal\s 9 ! hi/ory1 & pu%es aside ! ma9 & consi/5t affirmation ( all our au?orities1 t f ! e>lie/ days ! tribe ( ,levi _h a special connection ) sacr$ ?+s & a special position 9 ,israel4 ,to :at /raits its advocates are r$uc$ may be se5 9 ! fact t ,wellhaus5 has to decl>e t !re 7 two tribes ( ,levi1 "o purely secul> t 0 all b de/roy$ 9 an attack ^u ,%e*em1 & :i* aft]w>ds disappe>$1 & a lat] ecclesia/ical & some:at factiti\s tribe1 or ca/e1 :i* t[>ds ! end ( ! mon>*y arose out ( ! sep>ate prie/ly families ( ,judah4#hg ,a m improbable sugge/ion ?an t c h>dly be conceiv$4 #hg ,hi/ory ( ,israel1 p4 #ade4 ,b hi/orical analogy1 ! fav\rite weapon ( ^! v critics1 also condemns x4 ,let u look at ! gr[? ( ! prie/hood 9 o!r anci5t nations4 ,9 small & isolat$ communities ! head ( ! h\sehold 0 g5]ally ! family prie/1 & 9 all probability ?is 0 ! case 9 ! v>i\s sep>ate tribes ( :i* ,israel 0 compos$2 at lea/ x 0 s 9 ! h\seholds ( ! patri>*s4 ,b1 9 communities =m$ by amalgamation ( diff]5t tribes--& accord+ to mod]n ideas ,israel 0 s =m$--!re 0 almo/ always sup]9duc$ ^u t m primitive /ate ( ?+s ano!r & diff]5t arrangem5t4 ,9 antiquity no bond c\ld hold toge!r tribes or families consci\s ( diff]5t desc5t1 save ! bond ( religion4 ,consequ5tly1 :5ev] su* an amalgamation took place1 ! v fir/ ?+ :i* _h to be done 0 to e/abli% religi\s rites common to ! :ole new community1 :i* ( c\rse 7 n ! c>e ( ! heads ( h\seholds z su*4 ,ea* sep>ate section ( ! composite body kept up1 no d\bt1 ! family rites2 b !re _h to be a common wor%ip1 & ( c\rse a special prie/hood1 = ! new community4 ,?is is suffici5tly atte/$ = ! ,greeks & ,romans by ,de ,c\langes1 :o 9 8 ,la ,cit ,antique ga!rs toge!r su* a mass ( au?orities 9 reg>d to ?is matt] t few w be incl9$ to dispute 8 conclusion4 ,on page #adf he says3 ,sev]al tribes might unite1 on condition t ! wor%ip ( ea* 0 respect$4 ,:5 su* an alliance 0 ent]$ into1 ! city or /ate came into exi/5ce4 ,x is ( little importance to inquire into ! causes :i* induc$ sev]al tribes to unite2 :at is c]ta9 is t ! bond ( ! new association 0 aga9 a religion4 ,! tribes :i* gr\p$ !mselves to =m a /ate nev] fail$ to light a sacr$ fire1 & to set up a common religion4 ,b ! family & tribal rites cont9u$ to exi/ z sacra privata1 j z ! c5tral gov]nm5t dom9at$ b did n de/roy ! family & tribal gov]nm5ts4#hh #hh ,cf4 also ,muirhead1 article ,roman ,law1 9 ,ency4 ,brit41 vol4 xx4 p4 #ffi1 #bnd col41 & ,ramsay1 ,*ur* 9 ,roman ,empire1 p4 #aij4 ,x may be object$ t ^! cu/oms are prov$ only = ! ,aryan races1 & t1 ?\gh prov$ = !m1 !y =m no valid analogy = ,semitic peoples4 ,b besides ! fact t "p ( ! /atem5ts we h quot$ are obvi\sly true ( ,israel1 we h a gu>antee t ! pr9ciple enunciat$ is also valid = x4 ,! :ole process trac$ 9 ! religi\s progress ( ! ,aryan nations is bas$ ^u ! wor%ip ( ance/ors4 ,n[ "o ( ! critical discov]ies is t ance/or-wor%ip 0 a "p ( ! religion ( ! tribes :i* aft]w>ds unit$ to =m ! ,israelite nation4 ,"s1 l ,/ade1 tell u t t 0 ! e>ly religion ( ,israel itself4 ,9 t =m ! !ory is1 ,i ?9k1 to be reject$2 b !re w\ld seem to be little d\bt t1 be=e ! bir? ( ! nation1 ance/or-wor%ip 0 mu* practis$ by ! ,hebrew tribes4 ,if s1 we may q safely take ov] ! analogy we h e/abli%$1 & believe t :5 ,moses unit$ ! tribes into a nation1 ! religion ( ,yahweh 0 ! absolutely necess>y connect+ l9k :i* b\nd !m toge!r4 ,= ?\gh ! tribes 7 relat$1 & are repres5t$ z ! desc5dants ( ,abraham1 !y mu/ h v>i$ consid]ably f ea* o!r 9 religi\s beliefs & usages4 ,by ,moses ^! v>iations 7 ext+ui%$1 z f> z t 0 possible1 by ! e/abli%m5t ( an exclusive ,yahweh-wor%ip z ! national cult2 & to c>ry on ?is1 n ! heads ( h\seholds1 b a prie/hood t repres5t$ ! nation1 mu/ h be5 select$4 ,b if s1 :o w\ld mo/ naturally be select$ = ?is duty8 ,a s5t5ce f ,de ,c\langes w %[ t 9 ?is case ! tribe ( ,levi w\ld almo/ necess>ily be *os54 ,speak+ ( cases 9 :i* a composite /ate reliev$ itself ( ! tr\ble ( inv5t+ a new wor%ip by adopt+ ! special god ( "o ( ! compon5t tribes1 he says3 ,b :5 a family cons5t$ to %>e its god 9 ?is fa%ion x res]v$ = itself at lea/ ! prie/hood4 ,n[ if t 0 ! case 9 ,israel1 ! prie/hood ( ! tribe ( ,levi w\ld at once become a necessity4 ,:e!r ,yahweh _h be5 ev] kn[n to ! o!r tribes or n1 !re c be little d\bt t ! k ( ,him :i* made !m a nation & />t$ !m on _! unique c>e] ( spiritual discov]y came f ! ,mosaic tribe1 & family4 ,! ,god :om ! family wor%ipp$ became ! ,god ( ! conf$]acy1 & !y w\ld be ! natural gu>dians ( ,8 sanctu>y4 ,?is w\ld n 9 ! lea/ involve special sanctity & meekness on ! "p ( ! tribe1 z "s insi/4 ,!y w\ld rema9 a tribe1 l ! o!rs2 b _! lead+ m5 w\ld dis*>ge ! functions ( prie/s = ! conf$]at$ nation4 ,x is difficult1 inde$1 to see :y any "o else %\ld h be5 ?\ght (3 mo/ likely ! arrangem5t 0 made z a ?+ ( c\rse4 ,b if !re 0 su* a common wor%ip1 !re mu/ h be5 a sanctu>y = x1 & at x ! ,levitic prie/s mu/ h dis*>g$ _! functions4 ,n[ ?\gh ! ,tab]nacle1 z ,p kn[s x1 is n spok5 ( ei!r 9 ,,je or 9 ,deut]onomy1 a t5t ( meet+ at :i* ,jehovah reveal$ ,himself to ,moses & to :i* ! p w5t to seek ,yahweh 7,exod4 xxxiii4 #g ff47 is kn[n to all our au?orities4 ,fur!r1 ,wellhaus5 himself says1 ,if ,moses did any?+ at all he c]ta9ly f\nd$ ! sanctu>y at ,qade% & ! ,torah !re1 :i* ! prie/s ( ! ark c>ri$ on aft] him1 s t ev5 he recognises ! necessity we h po9t$ out4 ,f ! days ( ,moses onw>ds1 !re=e1 !re mu/ h be5 special prie/s ( ,yahweh1 a special ,yahwi/ic sanctu>y1 ritual ) a special sacrifice pres5t$ to ,yahweh1 & la/ly a c5tral oracle1 :i* is precisely :at ! passages expla9$ away by ,wellhaus5 ass]t4 ,b ( c\rse at t e>ly "t1 ev5 if ! ultimate purpose 0 to h an exclusively ,levitical prie/hood1 concessions to ! old /ate ( ?+s w\ld h to be made4 ,! ,passov] 0 left 9 ! h&s ( ! h\sehold prie/1 & 9 o!r ways probably he w\ld be consid]$4 ,! old ord] w\ld insi/ on surviv+1 & ! rig\r ( ! lat] arrangem5ts _c !n h be5 atta9$4 ,9 o!r respects we "k t x 0 s2 & we may well believe t ! prie/hood ( ! individual h\sehold] & ( ! rul]s 0 tol]at$1 & z f> z possible regulat$1 s z to (f] no public sc&al to ! religion ( ,yahweh4 ,s1 among ! ,hom]ic ,greeks special h]$it>y prie/hoods coexi/$ ) a political prie/hood ( ! head ( ! ,/ate1 & ) ! h\sehold prie/hood4#hi #hi ,rgelsba*1 ,hom]is*e ,!ologie1 p4 #aih4 ,! laxity on ^! po9ts ascrib$ to ,moses is1 h[ev]1 less ?an has be5 suppos$4 ,at ,m\nt ,s9ai he c]ta9ly did appo9t ! "y m5 ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel#ij to slaught] ! bea/s = sacrifice2 b he res]v$ = himself1 a ,levite1 ! spr9kl+ ( ! blood on ! alt>4#ia ,he also made ,jo%ua 8 s]vant1 an ,ephraimite1 ! keep] ( ! sanctu>y2 b ev5 "u ! ,levitical law1 a prie/'s slave 0 reckon$ to be ( 8 h\sehold & c\ld eat ( ! holy ?+s4 ,^! 7 n v great laxities1 & !re is no?+ 9 !m to make u suppose t a regul> prie/hood did n exi/ f ,s9ai4 ,moreov]1 t a special place %\ld be assign$ to ,a>on & 8 sons 0 natural4 ,he 0 ! bro!r ( ,moses1 & w\ld be ! natural repres5tative ( ! tribe1 s9ce ,moses 0 remov$ f x z be+ lead] ( all4 ,ev]y?+ !re=e concurs to confirm ! ,biblical view t ! ,levitic prie/hood _h its orig9 at ,s9ai1 & t at ! *ief sanctu>y & oracle ! *ief place 9 ! prie/hood fell to ,a>on & 8 sons4 ,wor%ip at o!r sanctu>ies 0 p]mitt$1 & !re ! heads ( h\seholds may h p]=m$ prie/ly functions1 or 9 lat] times 9 ,canaan "s o!r ,levitic families2 b t !re 0 a c5tral sanctu>y 9 ! h&s ( ,levitic prie/s1 among :om ! family ( ,a>on _h a *ief place1 is :at ! circum/ances1 ! hi/orical data we h1 & all hi/orical analogy alike dem&4 #ij ,exod4 xxiv4 #e4 #ia ,exod4 xxxiii4 #aa4 ,= ! dis*>ge ( _! sacr$ functions c]ta9 dues 7 d\btless assign$ to ! prie/s1 & ! ,levites %>+ 9 ! subord9ate duties ( ! sanctu>y w\ld %>e also 9 ! emolum5ts4 ,9 o!r respects ,levi 9 ! wild]ness w\ld diff] 9 no?+ f o!r tribes4 ,b 9 prep>ation = ! arrival 9 ,canaan1 x 0 decre$ t ,levi %\ld h no "p or inh]itance 9 ,israel4 ,yahweh 0 to be _! inh]itance4 ,! po9t to notice "h is t ?is tribe 0 to reta9 ! nomadic life :5 ! o!r tribes became agricultural4 ,! reason = x is pla94 ,t anci5t mann] ( life 0 look$ ^u z sup]ior 9 a religi\s aspect to ! agricultural life4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! ance/ral life ( ,israel _h be5 ( t k9d4 ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob _h be5 heads ( nomadic families or tribes2 & ! pure & peaceful religi\s life1 ! intimate communion ) ,god :i* !y enjoy$1 always dom9at$ ! imag9ation ( ! pi\s ,israelite4 ,moreov] ! fundam5tal revelation _h come to ,moses :5 he 0 a %eph]d 9 ! wa/e4 ,fur!r1 ! life ( ! %eph]d is necess>ily less cont9u\sly busy ?an t ( ! agriculturi/2 x has1 !re=e1 m scope 9 x = contemplation2 & 9 _m c\ntries & at v>i\s times %eph]ds h be5 a specially ?\ghtful1 z well z a specially pi\s class4 ,b1 p]haps ! *ief reason 0 t ! %eph]d life 0 n only simple & frugal 9 itself1 b x 0 also by its v conditions free f "s ( ! greate/ dang]s to :i* ! religi\s life ( ! ,israelite 9 ,canaan 0 expos$4 ,:5 ! bulk ( ! p adopt$ ! settl$ life1 !y 7 n only ?r[n among ! ,canaanites1 b !y w5t to s*ool !m 9 all t conc]n$ elaborate agriculture4 ,?is necess>ily made ! int]c\rse & connection betwe5 ! two peoples extremely intimate1 & 0 fruitful 9 evil results4 ,f ?is ! semi-nomadic portions ( ! p 7 to a great ext5t free1 & !y w\ld seem to h be5 reg>d$ z ! gu>dians ( a high] life & a pur] tradition ?an o!rs4 ,!y repres5t$ to ! popul> m9d ! ,israel ( anci5t days1 :i* _h kn[n no?+ ( ! vices ( cities1 & 9 :i* ! pure uncorrupt$ religion ( ,yahweh _h held exclusive sway4 ,a rem>kable n>rative ( ! ,old ,te/am5t e/abli%es ?is4 ,:5 ,jehu 0 engag$ 9 8 sangu9>y suppression ( ! h\se ( ,ahab1 & ! ,baal-wor%ip :i* !y _h introduc$1 we read 9 #b ,k+s x4 #ae ff4 t he light$ on ,jonadab ! son ( ,re*ab com+ to meet him4 ,?is ,jonadab 0 ! *ief ( ! ,re*abites1 a nomadic clan1 :o 7 b\nd by oa? to dr9k no w9e1 nor to build h\ses1 nor s[ se$1 nor plant v9ey>ds1 & to dwell 9 t5ts all _! days 7,j]4 xxxv4 #f1 #g74 ,?is 0 cle>ly int5d$ z a prote/ aga9/ ! prevail+ corruption ( mann]s1 & 0 f\nd$ on a special zeal = ! uncorrupt$ religion ( ,yahweh4 ,recognis+ ,jonadab's position z a *ampion ( true religion1 ,jehu anxi\sly seeks 8 approval & co-op]ation4 ,he says1 ,is ?9e he>t "r1 z my he>t is ) ?y he>t8 ,& ,jonadab answ]$1 ,x is4 ,if x be1 said ,jehu1 give me ?9e h&4 ,& he gave him 8 h&1 & he took him up to him into ! *>iot4 ,& he said1 ,come ) me1 & see my zeal = ,yahweh4 ,at a mu* lat] "t1 ,j]emiah1 at ! ,div9e comm&1 us$ ! fai?fulness ( ^! nomads to ! ord9ances ( _! *iefs to put to %ame ! unfai?fulness ( ,israel to ,yahweh's ord9ances2 & promises 7,j]4 xxxv4 #ai7 t because ( x ,jonadab ! son ( ,re*ab %all nev] want a man to /& be=e ,yahweh1 i4e4 z ,8 s]vant4 ,! ,naz>ites1 aga91 7 9 "s measure an indication ( ! same ?+4 ,_! rigor\s ab/95ce f ! fruit ( ! v9e 7! special sign & gift ( a settl$ life 9 a c\ntry l ,pale/9e7 0 _! great di/+ui%+ m>k1 z p]sons peculi>ly set ap>t to ! s]vice ( ,god4 ,some?+ analog\s is se5 9 t o!r des]t fai?1 ,mohamm$anism4 ,:5 ! great re=m]1 ,abd-el-,wahab1 attempt$ to br+ back ,islam to its primitive p[]1 he fell back l>gely ^u ! simplicity ( ! des]t life1 ?\gh he did n insi/ ^u ! ab&onm5t ( agriculture & fix$ habitations4 ,x is1 !re=e1 n surpris+ t ! prie/ly tribe 0 kept to ! nomadic life by ! ord9ance t !y %\ld n h a portion 9 ! di/ribution ( ! ,canaanite t]ritory4 ,b accord+ to ! n>rative ( ! attack ^u ,%e*em by ,levi & ,simeon1 & ! v]ses 9 ! bless+ ( ,jacob 7,g54 xlix47 deal+ ) ^! tribes1 ! c\rse ( hi/ory re9=c$ ?is comm&4 ,:e!r ! trea*]y at ,%e*em occurr$1 z ! ,g5esis n>rative places x1 be=e ! ,exodus1 :5 ,israel 0 only a family1 or 0 an incid5t 9 ! hi/ory ( ! two tribes aft] ,canaan _h be5 invad$1 z _m critics ?9k1#ib ! significance ( x is t because ( an hi/orical exhibition ( fi]ce & intol]ant zeal on ! "p ( ,levi & ,simeon1 :i* ! o!r tribes w\ld n def5d1 _! settlem5t 9 t "p ( ! l& 0 r5d]$ difficult1 if n impossible4 ,h5ce ,simeon _h to seek o!r settlem5ts1 :ile ,levi fell back to ! position assign$ to x by its prie/ly "*4 ,x is n a valid exception to ?is view--:i* reconciles ! two /atem5ts t ,levi _h no inh]itance ) ! o!r tribes because ( its specially ne> relation to ,yahweh1 & also because ( its cruel trea*]y at ,%e*em--t a prie/ly tribe is likely to h be5 n m1 b r less1 fi]ce ?an ! o!rs4 ,t w\ld entirely dep5d ^u ! cause or occasion :i* call$ out ! fi]c5ess4 ,9 all t conc]n$ religion ,levi w\ld naturally be m incl9$ to extreme measures ?an ! o!r tribes1 & 9 ?is case ! high] morality1 secur$ by ! sep>at5ess ( ,israel1 might easily appe> to be at /ake4#ic ,x is1 !re=e1 q cr$ible t ! excessive v5geance tak5 %\ld h be5 plann$ ma9ly by ,levi1 & t ! result+ hatr$ %\ld h brok5 up ,simeon1 & driv5 back ,levi ) emphasis to its high] call4 #ib ,cf4 ,kittel's ,ges*i*te d] ,hebrr1 ,,ii41 p4 #fc4 #ic ,cf4 ,exod4 xxxii4 #ae-bj4 ,9 any case !re nev] 0 aga9 any d\bt t ! ,levites 7 to be exclud$ f ! numb] ( l&-own+ tribes4 ,ev5 9 ! legislation reg>d+ ! =ty-eight prie/ly cities ?is pr9ciple ass]ts itself4 ,! keep+ ( %eep & cattle on ! pa/ures1 :i* 7 ! only l&s atta*$ to ^! cities1 0 to be ! ,levites' only secul> occupation1 & !y 7 nei!r to own nor "w agricultural l&4 ,b to comp5sate = any h>d%ip ?is arrangem5t might br+ ) x1 ! ,levites1 z ! special s]vants ( ,yahweh1 7 to h ,him = _! inh]itance1 i4e4 z we h se51 ! dues com+ to ,yahweh 7 to become ! prop]ty ( ! ,levites 9 great "p4 ,i say 9 great "p1 because ! gift to ! ,levites exclusively ( a ti! ( ! income ( ! p is ?\ght by _m to be only a late provision4 ,aft] ,canaan _h be5 conqu]$1 ! /ate ( ?+s 9 connection ) ! prie/hood w\ld be some?+ l ?is4 ,! t5t ) ! ark w\ld be ! pr9cipal sanctu>y1 s]v$ by a h]$it>y ,levitic prie/hood1 at ! head ( :i* w\ld be a desc5dant ( ,a>on4 ,! tribe ( ,levi1 be+ nomadic1 w\ld probably encamp 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! c5tral sanctu>y 9 "p1 & recruits = ! prie/ly "w w\ld be tak5 occasionally f !m1 :ile o!r sections w\ld gravitate to ! neighb\rhood ( o!r sanctu>ies4 ,z we see f ! /ory ( ,micah 9 ,judges1 x 0 consid]$ desirable to h a ,levite = prie/ ev]y:]e1 & consequ5tly !re w\ld arise at all ! ,high ,places ,levitic prie/hoods1 mo/ probably 9 "p h]$it>y4 ,b not)/&+ _! dues1 ! bulk ( ! tribe1 be+ nomads1 w\ld be look$ ^u by ! agricultural population z poor1 j z ! ,b$\91 9 ,pale/9e n[ are1 comp>atively speak+1 v poor4 ,?is /ate ( ?+s w\ld correspond entirely ) :at ,deut]onomy tells u2 & aft] t legislation ! position ( ! ,levites z a prie/ly body w\ld be m assur$ ?an ev]4 ,9 ! po/-exilic p]iod all t _h be5 regulat$ by practice 9 e>li] days f\nd writt5 expression4 ,diff]5tiation ( function 0 m9utely c>ri$ out4 ,! prie/hood 0 conf9$ rigor\sly to ! ,a>onic h\se1 & ! o!r ,levites 7 giv5 to !m z att5dants4 ,9 ?is way ! :ole ,levitic sy/em 0 introduc$1 & ) ! exclusive alt> came ! exclusive prie/hood4 ,s f> z ,i c see1 x is only by "s su* hypo!sis t ju/ice c be done to all ! /atem5ts ( ,scripture2 & consid]+ ! ela/ic nature ( ,old ,te/am5t law1 !re is no?+ improbable 9 x4 ,9 any case !re is an am\nt ( evid5ce ( v>i\s k9ds = ! ,mosaic orig9 ( ! ,levitic1 & ev5 ! ,a>onic prie/hood1 :i* no pro( ( irregul>ities c ov]turn4 ,9 ! ,div9ely sanction$ arrangem5ts ( ! ,old ,te/am5t ,*ur*1 !re=e1 ! exi/5ce ( a body ( ecclesia/ical p]sons1 hav+ little %>e 9 ! ord9>y pursuits ( _! neighb\rs1 & dep5d5t ^u _! cl]ical duties = a l>ge "p ( _! ma9t5ance1 0 deem$ necess>y to secure ! cont9uity ( wor%ip & religi\s belief4 ,z has be5 already po9t$ out1 ! prie/hood 0 necess>ily m cons]vative ?an progressive4 ,z an in/itution1 x 0 suit$ r to ga!r up & p]petuate ! results ( religi\s movem5ts o!rwise orig9at$1 ?an to orig9ate !m itself4 ,b 9 t sph]e x 0 an absolutely necess>y elem5t 9 ! life ( ,israel4 ,difficult z x 0 to p]meate ! p ) ! tru?s ( reveal$ religion1 x w\ld h be5 impossible )\t ! s]vices ( ! prie/ly tribe4 ,:]ev] !y w5t !y 7 a visible embodim5t ( ! dem& = fai?fulness to ,yahweh1 &1 ) all _! ab]rations1 !y probably liv$ at a high] spiritual level ?an ! av]age layman4 ,z has be5 well said1 ?\gh ,mala*i _h mu* reason to compla9 ( ! prie/s 9 8 own day1 8 e/imate ( :at ,levi _h be5 9 ! pa/ is no exagg]ation 7ii4 #f73 ,! law ( tru? 0 9 8 m\?1 & unrighte\sness 0 n f\nd 9 8 lips3 he walk$ ) ,me 9 peace & uprightness1 & did turn _m away f iniquity4 ,b su* a body z ! ,levites c\ld n h be5 kept ?us spiritually alive1 unless ! memb]s ( x _h liv$ some:at alo( f ! /rifes & envies ( ! m>ket-place1 & ?is !y c\ld n h done _h !y n liv$ by _! sacr$ function4 ,! prophets1 "u ! p[] & impulse ( new tru? adapt$ to _! own "t1 did n ne$ ?is protection2 consequ5tly "s ( !m 7 call$ f ord9>y secul> "w--f ! pl\gh1 l ,eli%a1 or f ! mid/ ( ! ri* & highborn inhabitants ( ,j]usalem1 l ,isaiah4 ,if "o may s say1 !y 7 m5 ( religi\s g5ius2 :ile ! bulk ( ! prie/s & ,levites mu/ always h be5 commonplace m5 9 comp>ison4 ,yet ev5 ( ! prophets a numb] 7 tra9$ 9 ! nomadic life2 o!rs 7 prie/s :o 7 %ut (f also f agriculture4 ,cle>ly1 !re=e1 "s measure ( sep>ation f ! full puls+ life ( ! _w 01 ev5 9 ! mo/ fav\rable circum/ances1 helpful 9 develop+ religi\s "*4 ,= ! ord9>y av]age ecclesia/ic x 0 indisp5sable2 & t he %\ld exi/1 & %\ld live at z high a level z possible1 0 z mu* a condition ( ,israel's dis*>ge ( h] great mission1 z t ! voice ( ! prophet %\ld be he>d at all ! great turn+-po9ts ( h] c>e]4 ,! mod]n t5d5cy 9 ,old ,te/am5t /udy is to depreciate ! prie/ & to exalt ! prophet1 j z 9 ecclesia/ical life we t5d to make mu* ( ^? :o are or give !mselves out to be religi\s re=m]s & ?9k]s1 & to make little ( ! ord9>y p>i% or congregational m9i/ry4 ,b ! good done by ! latt] is1 & mu/ be1 = ea* individual g5]ation m ?an t done by ! =m]4 ,no "o c e/imate too highly ! cons]v+ & elevat+ effect ( a fai?ful high-m9d$ spiritual m9i/]4 ,(t5 )\t g5ius ei!r intellectual or religi\s1 )\t mu* speculative p[]1 ) s firm a hold ( ! old tru?1 :i* has be5 _! own guid+ />1 t !y _c readily see ! good 9 any?+ new1 su* m51 :5 fai?ful to ! light !y h1 are ! /able1 re/ful1 imm$iately effective elem5t 9 all ,*ur* life4 ,& su* a body c be be/ spiritualis$ by be+ sep>at$ some:at f ! /ress & /ra9 ( competition 9 ! race ( life4 ,be+ :at !y are1 ! necessity ( tak+ _! full "p 9 ! bus9ess ( ! _w w\ld inevitably secul>ise !m1 to ! great & la/+ damage ( all spiritual int]e/s4 ,= ?\gh to mod]n /ud5ts ( ,old ,te/am5t religion1 :o are int]e/$ mo/ 9 its gr[? & progress t[>ds its consummation 9 ,*ri/ianity1 ! prophet is by f> ! mo/ int]e/+ figure1 to ! anci5t p itself x mu/ h seem$ t ! prie/s & ,levites1 if !y 9 any degree des]v$ ,mala*i's eulogy1 7 ! entirely indisp5sable elem5t 9 _! religi\s life4 ,!y gave ! daily bread ( religion to ! p4 ,!y embodi$ ! pr9ciples :i* came to !m f prophetic inspiration 9 c]emonies & in/itutions2 !y treasur$ up :atev] _h be5 ga9$1 & kept ! p nurtur$ 9 x & admoni%$ by x4 ,9 %ort1 !y prep>$ ! soil & cultivat$ ! roots f :i* alone ! consummate fl[] ( prophecy c\ld spr+2 & :5 ! voice ( prophecy 0 dy+ away !y br\ght ! piety ( ! av]age ,israelite to ! highe/ po9t x ev] rea*$4 ,9 mod]n times ! necessity = su* a body ( special *ur*m5 is *all5g$ f two opposite sides4 ,!re is1 on ! "o h&1 ! body ( ov]-spiritualis$ believ]s :o abhor organisation1 & ! ma*9]y ( organisation1 z if x 7 an intol]able evil4 ,consci\s v (t5 ( quick spiritual impulse & vivid life 9 !mselves1 !y fret aga9/ ! sl[ movem5ts ( l>ge bodies ( m52 !y sep>ate !mselves f all ! organis$ ,*ur*es & reject a regul> m9i/ry4 ,all ! ,"l's p are n[1 "u ! ,*ri/ian disp5sation1 prie/s & prophets1 !y say1 & a sep>ate paid m9i/ry 9 sacr$ ?+s !y refuse to he> (4 ,= spiritual n\ri%m5t !y rely solely ^u ! prophetic gifts ( _! memb]s1 & are satisfi$ t ?us !y are prep>+ ! way = ! univ]sal preval5ce ( a high] =m ( ,*ur* life4 ,b1 s f> z c be judg$1 _! exp]im5t has n prosp]$1 nor is x likely to d s4 ,= ^! sep>ati/ ,*ri/ians h f\nd t spiritual life1 l o!r k9ds ( life1 _c express itself )\t an organism4 ,t implies organisation2 & ?\gh !y d ) less ( x ?an o!r ,*ri/ians1 /ill !y are (t5 driv5 into arrangem5ts :i* really br+ back ! regul> m9i/ry ) its sep>ate position2 & 9 o!r respects !y are sav$ f ! inconv5i5ces !y h fl$ f1 only by _! want ( success4 ,if _! sy/em ev] became g5]al1 x w\ld necess>ily drift into organisation1 = only at t price c any coh]5t1 cont9u\s1 & la/+ effect be produc$4 ,unfett]$ by ! dull1 ! critical1 & ! judici\s1 ! impulsive & en?usia/ic w\ld always be outrunn+ ! possibilities ( ! pres5t "t4 ,9 ! int]e/s ( ! be/1 !y w\ld be cont9ually ignor+ or de/roy+ ! good4 ,to prev5t t1 a special body ( religi\s m5 set ap>t = sacr$ s]vices1 & fre$ f ! r\gh /ruggle = exi/5ce s f> z a ma9t5ance f funds devot$ to religi\s purposes c free !m1 is "o ( ! be/ provisions kn[n4 ,:]e 9 ! mass !y are really religi\s m51 !y secure t ! pressure upw>d1 :i* ! ,*ur* ex]ts ^u ! lives ( its own memb]s & ^u ! community 9 g5]al1 %all be effective to ! highe/ degree !n possible1 & %all be ex]t$ 9 ! directions 9 :i* su* pressure w mo/ fully answ] to ! ne$s & aspirations ( ! "t4 ,:]e1 on ! contr>y1 ! mass ( !m are secul>is$1 !y no d\bt are a p[] = evil2 b ! contra/ betwe5 _! pr(ession & _! practice 9 t case is s %ock+1 t unless !y be support$ by ! dead h& ( end[m5ts ) no liv+ spiritual dem& beh9d !m1 !y soon s9k by _! own weight1 to give place to a bett] type4 ,& ev5 :5 !y are ?us support$1 ?\gh unfai?ful1 _! call+ 9 "n at lea/ rema9s spiritual1 & soon] ?an ! o!r elem5ts 9 ! nation !y are apt to be /irr$ by brea?+s ( a new life4 ,! o!r objectors to ! regul> m9i/ry are ^?1 9 ! press & else:]e1 :o dem& ( all m9i/]s t !y %\ld be prophets1 or inspir$ religi\s g5iuses1 &1 because !y are n1 d5y _! "r to exi/4 ,accord+ to ?is view e s]mon t is n a new revelation is a failure1 e m9i/] ( ! sanctu>y :o is n a discov]] 9 religion is a pret5d]1 e "o :o only exemplifies & lives by ! p[] ( ! ,gospel1 z x 0 la/ =mulat$ s z to lay hold ^u ! popul> m9d1 is an obscuranti/4 ,b no reasonable man really believes ?is4 ,su* reproa*es are m]ely ! p5alty :i* mu/ be paid = claim+ s high a call+ z t ( an ambassador = ,*ri/4 ,no man c q adequately fill su* a position2 & ! bulk ( m9i/]s ( ,*ri/ "k bett] ?an o!rs h[ mu* bel[ _! ideal _! real s]vice is4 ,b ?is also is true1 t1 take !m all 9 all1 no class ( m5 are do+ any?+ l s mu* z ,*ri/ian m9i/]s ?r\gh\t ! _w are do+ to keep up ! /&>d ( morals & to keep alive fai? 9 t :i* is spiritual4 ,we h no "r to compla9 t 9 _! sph]e !y are cons]vative ( t :i* has be5 h&$ on to !m4 ,!y h tri$ & prov$ t tea*+2 !y "k t :]ev] x secures a foo?old x lifts m5 up to ,god1 & !y are naturally d\btful :e!r new & untri$ tea*+ w d z mu*4 ,!y h press+ ^u !m1 too1 z o!rs h n1 ! int]e/ ( individual m5 & wom5 :om !y see & "k1 m5 & wom5 :o = ! mo/ "p1 & s f> z !y c see1 are accessible to spiritual impulse only on l9es ) :i* !y are famili>2 & !y dread ! div]sion ( _! ?\ghts f _! real spiritual int]e/s1 to matt]s :i*1 = !m at lea/1 mu/ rema9 l>gely intellectual & speculative4 ,no d\bt x w\ld be well if all pa/ors c\ld1 z ! mo/ highly end[$ d1 look beyond t n>r[] field2 c\ld take acc\nt ( ! movem5ts :i* are drift+ m5 into new positions1 f :i* ! old l&m>ks _c be se5 & consequ5tly ex]t no influ5ce2 & c\ld endeav\r to re?9k _! ,*ri/ianity f new po9ts ( view1 :i* may be ab\t to become ! or?odoxy ( ! next g5]ation4 ,b no m9i/ry w ev] be a m9i/ry ( prophets4 ,x may ev5 be d\bt$ :e!r su* a m9i/ry c\ld be borne if x ev] %\ld arise4 ,"u x "o might fe> t spiritual repose & spiritual gr[? w\ld alike be impossible = ! av]age man1 9 8 brea?less race aft] tea*]s ea* ( :om 0 always cat*+ sight ( new lights4 ,! mass ( m5 ne$1 fir/ ( all1 tea*]s :o h firmly seiz$ ! common tru? by :i* ! ,*ur* ( _! day lives1 :o live conspicu\sly ne>] ! ,*ri/ian ideal1 z g5]ally conceiv$1 ?an o!rs d1 :o devote !mselves 9 s9c]ity & self-sacrifice to ! "w ( mak+ ! ?+s t are mo/ surely believ$ among ,*ri/ians a common & abid+ possession4 ,su* m5 ne$ nev] be a%am$ ( !mselves or ( _! call+4 ,!irs is ! f\ndation "w1 s f> z any attempt to realise ! ,k+dom ( ,god on e>? is conc]n$2 = )\t ! g5]al acceptance ( ! tru? atta9$ :i* !y br+ ab\t1 no fur!r atta9m5t w\ld be possible4 ,! v environm5t out ( :i* alone ! prophet c\ld be develop$ w\ld be want+1 & /agnation & dea? w\ld c]ta9ly & necess>ily foll[4 ,"o o!r ?+ rema9s to be said4 ,?\gh we h tak5 ^! significant words ( v]4 #b--;,& !y %all h no inh]itance among _! bre?r53 ,yahweh is _! inh]itance1 z ,he ha? spok5 unto !m--9 _! fir/ & mo/ obvi\s ref]5ce1 x is n to be suppos$ t t mean+ has exhau/$ all t ! words convey$ to anci5t ,israel4 ,! p]petuation ( ! nomadic =m ( life among ! ,levites1 & ! be/[al ( ti!s & sacrificial meats ^u !m1 0 und\bt$ly ! fir/ purpose ( ?is comm&4 ,b x _h1 ev5 = anci5t ,israel1 a m spiritual mean+4 ,j z 9 ! promise ( ,canaan z a dwell+-place ! spiritual ,israelite nev] reg>d$ m]ely ! gift ( weal? & ! prospect ( com=t1--,canaan 0 always = !m ,yahweh's l&1 ! l& :]e !y w\ld specially live ne> ,him & f9d ! joy ( ,8 pres5ce1--s 9 ?is case ! spiritual gift1 ( :i* ! mat]ial 0 only an expression1 is ! ma9 ?+4 ,to h ,yahweh = _! h]itage c nev] h meant only s mu* money & provisions1 s mu* leisure & opportunity = contemplation1 to any true son ( ,levi4 ,o!rwise x is inexplicable h[ ! words us$ to indicate ?is v e>?ly ?+ %\ld h become s acceptable a =mula = ! deepe/ spiritual exp]i5ce ( ,*ri/ian m54 ,x meant also a spiritual bond betwe5 ,yahweh & ,8 s]vants--a special ne>ness on _! "p1 & a special condesc5sion on ,84 ,to ! o!r tribes ,yahweh _h giv5 ,8 l&1 to !m ,he _h giv5 ,himself z a h]itage2 & ?\gh d\btless any unspiritual son ( ,levi mu/ h ?\ght ! tangible advantages ( a f]tile f>m m attractive ?an vision>y ne>ness to ,god1 ! spiritual among ! ,levites mu/ h felt t !y _h receiv$ ! really good "p1 :i* no ho/ile invasion1 no oppression ( ! ri*1 c\ld ev] take away4 ,_! ord9>y life-"w br\ght !m m into contact ) sacr$ ?+s ?an o!rs4 ,! goodness1 ! m]cy1 ! love ( ,god 71 or at lea/ ought to h be51 cle>] to !m ?an to _! bre?r52 & ! joy ( do+ good to m5 = ,god's sake1 ! rapture ( contemplation :i* possess$ !m :5 !y 7 privileg$ to see ! face ( ,god1 mu/ h made all ! co>s] b5efits ( ! e>?ly h]itage seem worse ?an no?+ & vanity4 ,( c\rse !re 0 ! dang] t famili>ity ) religi\s ?+s %\ld dull in/ead ( quick5+ ! insight2 & _m passages 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t %[ t ?is dang] 0 n always escap$4 ,b (t51 & = long p]iods1 x mu/ h be5 w>d$ (f2 & !n ! sup]iority ( ,god's gift ( ,himself mu/ h be5 manife/1 n only to ! *os5 tribe1 b to all ,israel4 ,= ! nature ( man is too intr9sically noble ev] to be q satisfi$ ) ! _w1 & ! ri*es & com=ts ( ! _w1 = its inh]itance4 ,at no "t has man ev] fail$ to d homage to spiritual gifts4 ,ev5 to-day1 9 sph]es outside ( religion1 !re are multitudes ( m5 & wom5 :o w\ld put aside )\t a sigh any weal? ! _w c\ld give1 if x 7 (f]$ z a sub/itute = _! delight 9 poetry1 or = _! p[] to re?9k & re-enjoy ! ideas ( ^? ^: ?\ghts h w&]$ ?r\gh et]nity4 ,& ! p[] to foll[ & to yield oneself up to ! ?\ghts ( ! ,et]nal ,god ,himself is a rew>d f> above ^!4 ,to ! fai?ful s]vant ( ,god at all times & 9 all l&s t joy has be5 op51 = ,god ,himself has be5 _! h]itage2 & ?\gh 9 anci5t ,israel ! beauty ( ,yahweh _! ,god 0 n q unveil$1 yet we "k f ! ,psalms t _m p5etrat$ ev5 !n to ! inn] glory :]e ,god meets ,8 *os51 & !re1 ?\gh hav+ no?+1 yet f\nd t 9 ,him !y _h all4 ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,speak]s ,,= ,,god--,,iii4 ,,! ,,prophet ,,deut4 xviii4 #i-bb ,! ?ird ( ! ,div9e voices to ?is nation 0 ! prophet4 ,j z 9 ! o!r ,semitic nations r\nd ab\t ,israel !re 7 k+s & prie/s & soo?say]s1 !re 7 to be 9 ,israel k+s & prie/s & prophets2 & ! fir/ two ord]s hav+ be5 discuss$1 !re rema9s = consid]ation ! prophet1 9 s f> at lea/ z he 0 to be ! sub/itute = ! soo?say]4 ,t ?is p>allel 0 9 ! m9d ( ! writ]1 & t he probably int5d$ only to deal ) c]ta9 aspects ( ! prophetic (fice1 is witness$ by ! fact t he introduces :at he has to say reg>d+ ! prophet by a /]n & detail$ d5unciation ( any deal+s ) soo?say]s & wiz>ds4 ,9 ! e>li] codes ! same d5unciation is f\nd1 b ! catalogue ( names = ^? :o practis$ su* arts is n[h]e s ext5sive z x is "h4 ,9 ! ,book ( ! ,cov5ant ! mekha%%eph1 or magician1 alone is m5tion$ 7,exod4 xxii4 #ag72 :ile ! peculi> code :i* is conta9$ 9 ! la/ *apt]s ( ,leviticus1#id m5tions only five v>ieties ( sorc]]s4 ,! ,deut]onomic li/ ( eight is ?us ! mo/ complete2 & ,dillmann may be "r 9 reg>d+ x z also ! late/4 ,b ! special indignation ( ! writ] ( ,deut]onomy aga9/ ^! =ms ( sup]/ition w\ld be q suffici5t to acc\nt = 8 elaborate detail4 ,if he liv$ 9 ! days ( ,manasseh1 he w\ld h be=e 8 eyes ! pass+ ( *ildr5 ?r\gh ! fire to ,molo*4 ,t 0 connect$ ) soo?say+ & 0 ! cr[n+ horror ( ,israel's idolatry4 ,! au?or ( ,deut]onomy might1 !re=e1 well be m passionate & detail$ 9 8 d5unciations ?an o!rs1 :e!r e>li] or lat]4 #id ,only two 9 any "o law2 ,lev4 xviii4 #ba1 xix4 #bf1 #ca1 xx4 #f1 #bg4 ,nor let any "o imag9e t 9 ?is he 0 wrong & un5light5$4 ,:e!r we believe 9 ! occasional appe>ance ( abnormal p[]s ( ! soo?say+ k9d or n1 x is evid5t t 9 e nation's life !re has be5 a "t 9 :i* fai? 9 ! exi/5ce ( su* p[]s 0 univ]sal1 & 9 :i* ! moral & spiritual life ( m5 has be5 ?reat5$ 9 ! grave/ way by ! proce$+s ( ^? :o claim$ to possess !m4 ,at ?is h\r ! wit*-doctor1 ) 8 cruelties & frauds1 is ! incubus t re/s ^u all ! semi-civilis$ or :olly uncivilis$ peoples ( ,africa4 ,ev5 ,briti% ju/ice has to lay h&s ^u him 9 ,new ,gu9ea1 z ! foll[+ extract f a ,melb\rne newspap] w %[3 ,div9ation by means ( evil spirits is practis$ to su* an ext5t & ) su* evil effects by ! natives ( ,new ,gu9ea t ! ,native ,regulation ,bo>d ( ,briti% ,new ,gu9ea has f\nd x necess>y to make an ord9ance =bidd+ x4 ,! regulation op5s ) ! /atem5t1 ',:ite m5 "k t sorc]y is only deceit1 b ! lies ( ! sorc]] fright5 _m p2 ! deceit ( ! sorc]] %\ld be /opp$4' ,x !n proce$s to po9t out t x is =bidd5 = any p]son to practise or to pret5d to practise sorc]y1 or = any p]son to ?reat5 any o!r p]son ) sorc]y1 :e!r practis$ by himself or any "o else4 ,any "o f\nd guilty ( sorc]y may be s5t5c$ by a ,european magi/rate to ?ree mon?s' imprisonm5t1 or by a native magi/rate to ?ree days' imprisonm5t1 & he w be compell$ to "w 9 prison )\t paym5t4 ,?r\gh ! sorc]] attempts at advance to a high] life are 9 our own day be+ r5d]$ futile2 at 8 in/igation ! d>ke/ crimes are committ$2 & because ( him & ! beliefs he inculcates m5 are kept all _! lives subject to bondage4 ,s also ( old4 ,! anci5t soo?say] might be an impo/or 9 ev]y?+1 b he 0 none ! less dang]\s = t4 ,to :at dep?s ( wick$ness 8 practices c br+ m5 is se5 9 ! horrors ( ! secret cult ( ! negroes ( ,hayti4 ,ev5 :5 soo?say+ & magic 7 connect$ ) high] religions ?an ! feti*ism ( ! ,haytian negro1 !y 7 /ill detrim5tal 9 no ord9>y degree4 ,no wor?y conception ( ,god c\ld gr[ up :]e ^! 7 dom9ant1 & tol]ation ( !m 0 utt]ly impossible = ! religion ( ,yahweh4 ,! ju/ice ( ! puni%m5t ( dea? decre$ aga9/ wiz>ds & wit*es 9 ,scripture 01 !re=e1 q indep5d5t ( ! reality ( ! p[]s su* p]sons claim$4 ,!y pr(ess$ & 7 believ$ to h !m1 & ?us !y acquir$ an influ5ce :i* 0 fatal to any real belief 9 a moral & spiritual gov]nm5t ( ! _w4 ,!y mu/ !re=e be an abom9ation to ,yahweh2 & z1 9 any case1 by ! v fact t !y 7 soo?say]s & div9]s !y practis$ l[ =ms ( idolatry1 ^? :o s\ght !m mu/ %>e ! condemnation ( ! idolat] 9 ,israel4 ,9 ! e>li] days ( ! sacr$ hi/ory !re 0 no enemy s subtle1 s insidi\s1 s difficult to meet z magic & soo?say+4 ,only by actual prohibition1 on pa9 ( dea?1 c\ld ! case be adequately met2 & "u ^! circum/ances !re is no ne$ = u to apologise = ! ,old ,te/am5t law1 ,?\ %alt n suff] a wit* to live 7,exod4 xxii4 #ag74 ,:at is aim$ at "h is ! pr(ession on ! "p ( any woman t %e _h & us$ ^! sup]natural p[]s4 ,?is 0 a crime aga9/ ,israel's high] life4 ,! puni%m5t ( x _h no resemblance to ! judicial cruelties p]petrat$ 9 comp>atively mod]n times1 :5 ! *>ge ( be+ a wit* became a weapon aga9/ p1 :o = ! mo/ "p 7 guilty only ( be+ helpless & lonely4 ,b x is *>act]i/ic ( ! l>ge outlook ( ,deut]onomy t n only is ! evil prote/$ aga9/2 ! univ]sal human ne$ :i* und]lay x is ackn[l$g$ & suppli$4 ,beh9d all ! t]rible ab]rations ( hea!n soo?say+ & div9ation ! au?or saw hung] = a revelation ( ! w & purpose ( ,god4 ,t 0 wor?y ( sympa?y1 h[ev] inadequate & evil ! sub/itutes elaborat$ = ! really ,div9e means ( enlight5m5t 74 ,s he promises t ! real ne$ w be suppli$ by ,god's holy prophets4 ,no?+ t sav\r$ ( ignorance or misappreh5sion ( ,god's spirituality1 or ( unfai?fulness to ,yahweh1 c\ld be tol]at$2 = ,israel's ,god w\ld supply all _! ne$ by a prophet f ! mid/ ( !m1 ( _! bre?r51 l unto ,moses1 9 ^: m\? ,yahweh w\ld put ,8 words1 & :o %\ld speak unto !m all t ,he %\ld comm& him4 ,?is is ! broade/ & mo/ g5]al legitimation ( ! prophet1 z a special organ ( revelation 9 ,israel1 t ! ,scripture conta9s4 ,by x he is made "o ( ! regul>ly con/itut$ *annels ( ,div9e influ5ce = 8 p4 ,= x is evid5tly n "o s+le individual1 su* z ! ,messiah1 :o is "h =etold4 ,t has be5 ! int]pretation receiv$ f ! e>li] ,jews1 & *]i%$ 9 ! ,*ur* up till q mod]n times4 ,b z ,keil rightly says1 ! fact t ?is promise is set aga9/ any suppos$ ne$ to h rec\rse to div9]s & wiz>ds1 is 9 itself suffici5t pro( t ! prophetic ord] is meant4 ,x 0 n only 9 ! f>-(f ,messianic "t t ,israel 0 to f9d 9 ?is ,div9ely s5t prophet t k ( ,god's w & purposes :i* x ne$$4 ,israel ( all times1 tempt$ by ! cu/oms ( its hea!n neighb\rs to g to ! div9]s1 0 to h 9 ,yahweh's prophet a cont9ual deliv]ance f ! temptation4 ,t implies t ?is ,nabhi1 or prophet l unto ,moses1 0 to be cont9ually recurr+1 at e turn & crisis ( ?is nation's c>e]4 ,fur!r1 ! direction 9 ! end ( ! passage = te/+ ! prophets1 :e!r !y 7 really s5t ( ,god or n1 confirms ?is view4 ,x w\ld be s+ul>ly out ( place 9 a promise :i* ref]r$ to ! ,messiah 9 an exclusive & prim>y fa%ion4 ,he w\ld nev] ne$ te/+ ( ?is sort1 = ,he 0 to be ! realisation & embodim5t ( ,israel's highe/ aspirations4 ,b if ! passage means to give ! prophets a place among ! national organs ( int]c\rse ) ,yahweh alongside ( ! prie/s1 ! necessity ( di/+ui%+ ^! true & ,div9ely giv5 prophets f pret5d]s 0 urg5t4 ,! context1 bo? be=e & aft] ! promise1 seems1 !re=e1 to be decisively 9 fav\r ( ! g5]al ref]5ce2 & ! phrases l unto me1 l unto !e1 i4e4 ,moses1 :5 c>efully exam9$1 in/ead ( weak5+ t inf]5ce1 /r5g!n x4 ,!y are n us$ "h z ! simil> phrase is us$ 9 ,deut4 xxxiv4 #aj3 ,& !re ha? n aris5 a prophet s9ce 9 ,israel l unto ,moses1 :om ,yahweh knew face to face4 ,!re ! clos5ess ( ,moses' approa* to ,yahweh is ! po9t 9 h&1 & x is cle>ly /at$ t 9 t reg>d ,moses 0 m fav\r$ ?an any :o _h succe$$ him4 ,b "h ! comp>ison is betwe5 ,moses & ! prophets1 9 s f> z m$iation betwe5 ,yahweh & ,8 p 0 conc]n$4 ,at ,israel's own wi% ,moses _h be5 appo9t$ to he> ! ,div9e voice4 ,israel _h said ,let me n he> aga9 ! voice ( ,yahweh my ,god1 nei!r let me see ?is great fire any m1 t ,i die n4 ,! prophet "h promis$ 0 to be l ,moses 9 t respect1 b !re is no?+ to ass]t t he w\ld be equal to ,moses 9 p[] & dignity4 ,on all gr\nds1 !re=e1 ! ref]5ce to ! l9e ( prophets is to be ma9ta9$4 ,/ill1 ! int]pretation ?us rea*$ does n exclude--x di/9ctly includes--! ,messianic ref]5ce4 ,if ! passage promises t at all mom5ts ( difficulty & crisis 9 ,israel's hi/ory1 ! w ( ,god w\ld be made kn[n by a ,div9ely s5t prophet1 t w\ld be specially true ( ! la/ & greate/ crisis1 ! bir? ( ! new "t :i* ! ,messiah 0 to inaugurate4 ,:atev] fulfilm5t ! promise might receive previ\sly to t1 x c\ld n be p]fectly fulfill$ )\t ! adv5t ( ,him ^: (fice x 0 to close up ! hi/ory ( ! pres5t _w1 & br+ all ?+s by a safe transition into ! new ,messianic _w4 ,t 0 ! greate/ crisis2 & necess>ily ! prophet :o spoke = ,yahweh 9 x mu/ be ! cr[n ( ! long l9e ( prophets4 ,!re is /ill a high] s5se 9 :i* ?is promise has ref]5ce to ! ,messiah4 ,he 0 to sum up & realise 9 ,himself all ! possibilities ( ,israel4 ,n[ !y 7 ! prophetic nation1 ! p :o 7 to reveal ,god to mank9d2 & :5 !y prov$ prevail+ly false to _! high] call+1 ! hopes ( all :o rema9$ fai?ful turn$ to t true ,israel :i* alone w\ld inh]it ! promises4 ,at "o p]iod1 j be=e & 9 ! ,exile1 ! prophetic ord] w\ld appe> to h be5 look$ ^u z ! ,israel )9 ,israel1 to :om x w\ld fall to accompli% ! great ?+s to :i* ! se$ ( ,abraham _h be5 call$4 ,b ! au?or ( ,second ,isaiah1 despair+ ev5 ( !m1 saw t ! de/9y ( ,israel w\ld be accompli%$ by "o great ,s]vant ( ,yahweh1 :o %\ld out%9e all o!r prophets1 z ,he w\ld surpass all o!r ,israelite prie/s & ,davidic k+s4 ,z ! cr[n & embodim5t ( all t ! prophets _h aspir$ to be1 ! ,messiah alone completely fulfill$ ?is promise1 & consequ5tly ! ,messianic ref]5ce is organically "o ) ! prim>y ref]5ce4 ,!y are s intimately int]wov5 t no?+ b viol5ce c sep>ate !m2 & ?us we ga9 a deep] insight into ! wide rea* ( ! ,div9e purposes1 & ! organic unity ( ! ,div9e action 9 ! _w4 ,^! =m a f> bett] gu>antee = ! recognition ( ,messianic prophecy "h ?an ! suppos$ direct & exclusive ref]5ce did4 ,by n grasp+ too desp]ately at ! view :i* m /rik+ly involves ! sup]natural1 we h receiv$ back ) full measure press$ d[n & runn+ ov] ! assurance t ,god 0 really speak+ "h1 & t ?is1 l all ! promises ( ! ,old ,te/am5t :5 rightly und]/ood1 is yea & am5 9 ,*ri/4 ,b = our pres5t purpose ! prim>y ref]5ce ( ?is passage to ! prophetic l9e is ev5 m important ?an ! second>y b mo/ vital ref]5ce to ! ,messiah4 ,= x sets =? prophecy z ! mo/ pot5t in/rum5t = ! gr[? & fur!rance ( ! religion ( ,israel4 ,! prophet is "h decl>$ to be ! successor ( ,moses1 to be ! inspir$ decl>] ( ! ,div9e w to ,8 p 9 cases :i* did n come )9 ! sph]e or ! compet5cy ( ! prie/4 ,! latt] 01 z we h se51 b\nd to "w )9 ! limits & on ! basis ( ! revelation giv5 by ,moses4 ,he 0 to c>ry out into execution :at _h be5 comm&$1 to keep alive 9 ! he>ts ( ! p ! k ( _! ,god z ,moses _h giv5 x1 to give ,torah f ! sanctu>y 9 accordance ) its pr9ciples4 ,b "h a nobl] (fice is assign$ to ! prophet4 ,he is to enl>ge & develop ! "w ( ,moses4 ,! ,mosaic revelation is "h view$ z fundam5tal & normative1 b1 9 contra/ to ! views ( lat] ,judaism1 z by no means complete4 ,= ! completion ( x ! prophet is "h decl>$ to be ! ,div9ely *os5 in/rum5t1 & he is consequ5tly assign$ a high] position 9 ! purpose ( ,god ?an ei!r k+ or prie/4 ,he is rais$ f> above ! div9]s by hav+ 8 call+ lift$ into ! moral sph]e2 & he excels bo? ! o!r organs ( national life 9 t1 :ile !y are l>gely b\nd by ! pa/1 he is call$ ( ,god to initiate new & high] /ages 9 ! life ( ! *os5 p4 ,! asc5d+ /eps ( ! revelation begun by ,moses 7 to be 9 8 h&s1 & ?r\gh him ,god 0 to reveal ,himself 9 ev] full] measure4 ,view$ ?us1 ! prophetic ord] 9 ,israel has a q unique "*4 ,x is a provision = religi\s progress su* z _h no p>allel else:]e 9 ! _w2 & ?is public ackn[l$gm5t ( its ,div9e "r is almo/ m rem>kable4 ,:]ev] else:]e 9 ! _w religion has be5 suppos$ to be ,div9ely giv5 ?r\gh "o man1 ?\gh modifications h inde$ be5 made 9 lat] times1 yet !y h nev] be5 anticipat$ & provid$ = be=eh&4 ,save 9 ! case ( ,mohamm$anism1 :i* borr[$ its idea ( ! (fice ( ! prophet f ,judaism1 !re has nev] be5 a delib]ate admission t ,god _h yet high] ?+s to reveal conc]n+ ,himself1 /ill less has provision be5 made = ! com+ ( t :i* 0 new to fulfil ! old4 ,& 9 mod]n times ! reveal] ( new aspects ( tru? f9ds n[h]e a welcome4 ,in/ead ( be+ receiv$ z a mess5g] ( ,god1 ev5 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* he has always to face neglect1 (t5 p]secution1 & only if he be unusually =tunate does he live to see 8 message receiv$4 ,b 9 ,israel1 ev5 9 su* anci5t days z ^? we are deal+ )1 ! progressive nature ( ,god's ,revelation ( ,himself 0 ackn[l$g$1 ! reception ( new tru? 0 legitimis$ & look$ =1 & ! highe/ place 9 ! e>?ly k+dom ( ,god 0 res]v$ = ^? :om ,god _h enlight5$ by x4 ,x is true ( c\rse t ! nation z a :ole nev] act$ 9 accordance ) ?is tea*+4 ,!y did n obey ! comm& giv5 "h1 ,unto him %all ye he>k51 & reit]at$ /ill m solemnly 9 ! words1 ,& x %all come to pass1 t :osoev] w n he>k5 unto ,my words1 :i* he %all speak 9 ,my "n1 ,i w require ( him4 ,! prophets = ! mo/ "p spoke to _! contempor>ies 9 va94 ,:]e !y 7 n neglect$ !y 7 p]secut$1 & _m seal$ _! te/imony ) _! blood4 ,b ! ?\ght t ,yahweh 0 educat+ ,8 p /ep by /ep1 & t at all times 9 _! hi/ory ,he w\ld h fur!r revelations ( ,himself to make1 is famili> to ?is writ]4 ,!re=e he welcomes ! ?\ght ( advance 9 ?is region ( ?+s1 & "h solemnly enrols ^? :o are to be ! in/rum5ts ( x among ! rul+ p[]s ( ! nation4 ,n[ 9 religi\s ?\ght ?is is q unp>allel$4 ,t5aci\s cons]vatism1 bas$ on ! conviction t full tru? has already be5 atta9$1 has always be5 ! m>k ( religi\s ?9k+4 ,t a religi\s tea*] %\ld be able to see t ! light ( revelation1 l ! natural light1 mu/ come gradually1 broad5+ by degrees into p]fect day1 & t he himself 0 /&+ only 9 ! morn+ twilight1 is a ?+ s rem>kable t "o is at a loss to acc\nt = x1 save on ! gr\nd ( ! special nature ( prophetic enlight5m5t4 ,x 0 "p ( ! (fice ( ! prophets to =esee & =etell ! future4 ,sm5d is c]ta9ly 9 ! "r1 z aga9/ ^? :o h be5 tea*+ t ! prophet 0 m]ely a prea*] ( g5ius1 :5 he says t 9 ,amos & 8 successors prophecy is ! />t+-po9t ( _! :ole disc\rse & action1 & t all new k :i* !y prea* comes to !m f ! action ( ,yahweh :i* !y =etell4444 ,consequ5tly ! greatness ( a prophet is to be ga!r$ f ! measure 9 :i* he =esees ! future4#ie ,?is /atem5t gives u ! tru? t lies betwe5 ! two o!r extremes2 = accord+ to x ! prophet proclaims & prea*es religi\s tru?1 b he does s on ! basis ( :at he p]ceives t ,god is ab\t to d 9 ! future4 ,9 o!r words1 he proclaims new tru? on ! gr\nd ( ! revelation ,god is ab\t to make ( ,himself1 :i* he is inspir$ to =esee & to int]pret4 ,8 bus9ess is nei!r all =esee+ nor all tea*+2 x is tea*+ gr\nd$ ^u =esight4 ,consequ5tly x 0 impossible = ! prophet to believe t *ange 9 religion 0 9 itself evil4 ,he knew to ! contr>y4 ,only *ange :i* %\ld remove m5 f ! ,div9ely giv5 basis ( ! fai? 0 evil2 & su* *ange1 :atev] cr$5tials might accompany x1 ev5 ?\gh !y might be miracul\s1 e fai?ful ,israelite _h be5 already w>n$ mo/ /]nly to reject 7,deut4 xiii4 #e74 ,b :5 ! impulse to advance came f ,yahweh's manife/ation ( ,himself1 *ange 0 n only good1 x 0 ! indisp5sable te/ ( fai?fulness4 ,!y 7 n ! true foll[]s ( ,isaiah :o1 on ! gr\nd ( 8 prophecy t ,zion1 z ,yahweh's dwell+-place1 %\ld be deliv]$ f de/ruction1 reject$ ! prophecy ( ,j]emiah t ,zion w\ld fall be=e ! ,*aldeans4 ,! really fai?ful m5 7 ^? :o _h tak5 to he>t ! lessons ,yahweh _h set = ,8 p 9 ! c5tury t lay betwe5 ^! two prophets2 :o saw t ! "t :5 ! deliv]ance ( ,zion 0 necess>y to ! safety ( ! true religion 0 pa/1 & t n[ ! capture ( ,zion 0 necess>y to its true developm5t4 ,& t is n a solit>y case2 x is an example ( :at 0 normal 9 ! religi\s hi/ory ( ?is p4 #ie ,lehrbu* d] ,alt-,te/am5tli*5 ,religion's ,ges*i*te1 pp4 #afi ff4 ,?is did n escape ! quick eye ( ,john ,/u>t ,mill4 ,he says ! religion ( ,israel gave exi/5ce to an ine/imably preci\s unorganis$ in/itution--! ord] 7if x may be s t]m$7 ( prophets4444 ,religion1 consequ5tly1 0 n !re1 :at x has be5 9 s _m o!r places1 a consecration ( all t 0 once e/abli%$1 & a b>ri] aga9/ fur!r improvem5t4 ,!re always 0 ! movem5t ( puls+ life )9 x1 & "u ! ,div9e guidance t movem5t 0 always upw>d4 ,at "s times x 0 comp>atively %all[ & sl[1 at o!rs x 0 a deep & ru%+ tide4 ,b x 0 always mov+ 9 directions :i* l$ /raight to ! great consummation ( itself 9 ! com+ ( ,*ri/1 :o ga!r$ up into ,8 own life all ! v>i$ /reams ( revelation1 & cr[n$ & fulfill$ !m all4 ,at no po9t 9 ! progress f ,moses to ! ,messiah d we t\* r\nd$ & complet$ tru?2 nor1 accord+ to ! tea*+ ( ,scripture 9 ?is passage1 7 we meant to d s4 ,! fai?ful among ,israel _h z _! wat*word ! disio & pace ( ,dante4 ,!y saw be=e !m a _w ( ,div9e peace1 :i* !y knew lay /ill 9 ! future1 & ! desire & ye>n+ ( _! s\ls 7 always direct$ t[>ds x4 ,) inext+ui%able hope !y m>*$ onw>d ) uplift$ faces1 to :i* light reflect$ f t future gave at times a radiant gladness2 & always !y kept an op5 e> = ^? :o saw :at ,god 0 ab\t to d at ea* turn+ ( ! way4 ,b grant+ t religion 0 ?us progressive be=e m5 7 spok5 unto by ! ,son1 c we say or believe t1 n[ t ,he has spok51 progress 9 ?is way is /ill possible8 ,at fir/ sight x w\ld seem necess>y to answ] t "q 9 ! negative4 ,! progressive revelation ( ,god has come to its p]fection 9 ,jesus ,*ri/2 :at !n rema9s to u b to cl+ to t8 ,are we n b\nd to make resi/ance to progress1 to any new view 9 religion1 our fir/ duty8 ,_m act & speak z if t 7 ! only possible c\rse consi/5t ) fai?fulness4 ,b we mu/ di/+ui%4 ,! revelation ( ,god has1 accord+ to our ,*ri/ian fai?1 rea*$ n only its highe/ actual po9t1 b also its highe/ possible po9t 9 ,*ri/4 ,god c d no?+ m = ,8 v9ey>d ?an ,he has done4 ,z a manife/ation ( ,god1 revelation is complet$ & clos$ 9 ,*ri/4 ,= x is impossible to manife/ ,god to m5 m fully ?an 9 a man :o reveals ,god 9 e ?\ght & ^w & act4 ,b x is q o!rwise ) ! int]pretation ( ! manife/ation4 ,9 ! e>li] days ?is 0 provid$ = by a special inspiration ( ,god1 :i* made ! holy m5 ( old infallible 9 _! int]pretation ( ! revelation receiv$ up to _! day1 & t cont9u$ till ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,*ur*4 ,s9ce !n ! ,holy ,_s is to be ! guide ( fai?ful m5 into all tru?4 ,n[ 9 ! way ( int]pret+ ,*ri/ & ,8 message progress is z mu* op5 to u z x 0 to ,israel4 ,a complete revelation ( ,god mu/ necess>ily1 at any giv5 "t up till ! consummation ( all ?+s1 conta9 9 x a residuum ( significance :i*1 at t po9t ( _! exp]i5ce1 mank9d has n felt ! ne$ (1 nor has _h ! capacity to und]/&4 ,z ! _w gr[s old]1 h[ev]1 new outlooks1 new environm5ts1 new circum/ances cont9ually appe>1 & !y all insi/ ^u be+ dealt ) by ! ,*ur*4 ,9 ord] to deal ) !m adequately & wor?ily1 a fai?ful ,*ur* mu/ turn to ,*ri/ to see :at ,god w\ld h x d2 & if ,*ri/ be :at we take ,him to be1 !re w issue f ,him a light1 unse5 or unnotic$ be=e1 to meet ! hi!rto unfelt ne$4 ,moreov]1 :ile our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ reveals ,god completely z ! ,god ( ,r$emption1 & ?r[s light ^u all ,god's relations to man1 a light :i* ne$s & admits ( no supplem5t>y addition1 !re are o!r aspects ( ! ,div9e "* :i* ,he does n s entirely reveal4 ,= example1 ,god's relations to ! _w ( nature1 :i* are n[ be+ unveil$ 9 a mo/ /rik+ mann]1 are dealt ) comp>atively r>ely 9 ! ,gospels4 ,are we to %ut our eyes to ^! z ( no importance1 & to all[ !m no influ5ce ^u our ?\ghts8 ,surely t _c be dem&$ ( u2 =1 to speak pla9ly1 x is impossible4 ,no "o c rema9 unmov$ :5 ,god & man are reveal+ !mselves 9 ! wondr\s panorama ( ! _w's life4 ,ev5 ^? :o mo/ pr(ess to d s 9 no case take _! /& simply & solely ^u ! tru?s believ$ & held by ! fir/ ,*ri/ians4 ,all ( !m h adopt$ lat] developm5ts z "p ( _! indefeasible treasure4 ,"s g back to ! !ology ( ! great ,evangelical ,revival only2 "s to ! ,re=mation2 "s to ! pre-,re=mation ,s*ola/ics2 o!rs to ! fir/ five c5turies4 ,b :atev] ! po9t may be at :i* !y take up ,*ri/ian !ology1 !y take up1 along ) ! orig9al cre$ ( ! fir/ believ]s1 "s tru?s or doctr9es :i* em]g$ & 7 accept$ at a lat] date4 ,!mselves be+ judges1 !re=e1 additions to ! primitive deposit ( fai? h to be admitt$2 & x is a purely arbitr>y proce$+ on _! "p to say t n[ we h atta9$ to all tru?1 & /olid cons]vatism is h5ce=? ! only fai?ful attitude4 ,no1 we h /ill a liv+ ,god & a liv+ ,*ur*1 & a multif>i\s & wond]ful _w to deal )4 ,int]action ( ^! _c be avoid$1 nor c x occur )\t new tru? be+ evolv$4 ,to h e>s & n to he>1 to h eyes & n to see1 mu/ be z (f5sive to ,god n[ z x 0 9 ,old ,te/am5t times4 ,?\gh we h n[ no inspir$ prophets to =esee & int]pret1 we h 9 all our ,*ur*es m5 ^: e>s are bett] attun$ to ! cele/ial h>mony ?an o!rs1 ^: eyes h a ke5] & sur] insight into :at ,god ! ,"l w\ld speak2 & we ought to he> !m1 to see at lea/ :e!r !y c make _! position good4 ,to reject _! tea*+1 only because "s elem5t or aspect ( x is new1 is to d5y ! guid+ provid5ce ( ,god1 to turn our back ^u ! ri* /ores ( in/ruction :i* ! facts ( hi/ory1 bo? secul> & religi\s1 are fitt$ to imp>t4 ,t c nev] be a ,*ri/ian duty4 ,ev5 if x 7 possible x w\ld be futile4 ,! light w be receiv$ by ! y\ng]1 ! fre%] & less /]eotyp$ natures 9 all ! ,*ur*es2 & ^? :o refuse x1 9 hold+ ob/9ately & ) exclusive devotion to :at !y h1 w f9d x %r9k & %rivel 9 _! h&4 ,only 9 ! ru% & conflict1 only amid ! impulses & ! p[]s :i* are mov+ 9 ! _w1 c a heal?y religion brea!4 ,d\btless new tea*+ w come to u 9 ways congru\s to ! complet$ ,revelation ( our ,r$eem+ ,god2 b x w come2 & x %\ld be welcom$ z gladly z ! tea*+ ( ! prophets 0 welcom$ by fai?ful m5 9 ,israel4 ,if x be n1 !n ! ,div9e ?reat w apply 9 ?is case z fully z 9 ! o!r3 ,:osoev] w n he>k5 unto ,my words :i* he %all speak 9 ,my "n1 ,i w require x ( him4 ,_m say n[1 & at all times _m h said1 to ^? :o _h caught glimpses ( "s new lesson ,god 0 desir+ to tea*3 ,y admit t s\ls h be5 r5ew$ & "* built up & spiritual life pres]v$ )\t ?is new tea*+4 ,:y !n c y n let u alone8 ,9 y\r pursuit ( ! be/ y may de/roy ! good2 & no h>m c happ5 if y keep ! improv$ fai? to y\rself4 ,b !y h =gott5 ,yahweh's solemn ,:osoev] w n he>k51 ,i w require x ( him4 ,if we refuse to he> :5 ! ,"l ha? spok51 evil mu/ come ( x4 ,inde$1 ?\gh ! evils ( h]esy may be m dramatically & /rik+ly manife/1 ^? ( /agnation & a refusal to le>n may be mu* m de/ructive ( ! common fai?4 ,= refusal to ackn[l$ge tru? has f> wid] issues ?an ! loss ( any p>ticul> tru?4 ,x indicates & re9=ces an attitude ( s\l :i*1 if p]si/$ 91 w all[ ! ,*ur* t adopts x to drift sl[ly away f liv+ contact ) ! m9ds ( m54 ,s drift+1 x %r9ks into a cot]ie1 & its e activity becomes infect$ ) ! curse ( futility4 ,on bo? sides1 !re=e1 !re is dang] = u1 z !re 0 = ! ,old ,te/am5t ,*ur*2 & we turn ) quick5$ int]e/ to ! te/1 ! crit]ion1 by :i* ,deut]onomy w\ld h ! prophets tri$4 ,x puts ! v "q :i* ! l9e ( ?\ght we h be5 pursu+ c\ld n fail to sugge/3 ,h[ %all we "k ! ^w :i* ,yahweh ha? n spok58 ,if a prophet spoke 9 ! "n ( o!r gods he 0 to die2 t _h already be5 det]m9$ 9 ! ?irte5? *apt]1 & x is repeat$ "h4 ,b ! prophet :o %\ld speak a ^w presumptu\sly 9 ! "n ( ,yahweh1 :i* ,he _h n comm&$1 0 to be 9 ! same condemnation4 ,x 01 !re=e1 ( ! la/ importance t !re %\ld be means ( detect+ :5 ?is la/ evil occurr$4 ,! te/ is ?is3 ,:5 a prophet speake? 9 ! "n ( ,yahweh1 if ! ?+ foll[ n1 nor come to pass1 t is ! ?+ :i* ,yahweh ha? n spok54 ,! /range notions ( ,duhm & o!rs 9 reg>d to ?is h be5 already dealt ) 7vide pp4 #bdh f474 ,!re1 too1 x has be5 %[n t ! prophecy "h spok5 ( mu/ h be5 prophecy 9 its n>r[] s5se1 prophecy deal+ ) promises ( imm$iate judgm5t & deliv]ance4 ,fur!rmore1 ?is is set =? "h z a te/ applicable to prophets 9 all ages ( ! hi/ory ( ,israel4 ,x lies1 too1 9 ! nature ( ! case t x mu/ always h be5 ! popul> te/4 ,! ann\ncem5t ( ?+s to come be=e !y came 0 made1 at lea/ p>tially1 ) ! view ( impress+ ! populace1 & ( ga9+ _! confid5ce & att5tion4 ,!y mu/ consequ5tly h be5 cont9ually on ! al]t to apply ?is te/1 & all t is "h done is to ackn[l$ge x 9 ! fulle/ mann] z a "r & ,div9ely approv$ crit]ion4 ,b ! way 9 :i* x ought to be appli$ is be/ exemplifi$ by ,j]emiah's own me?od ( apply+ x1 :i*1 z ,dr4 ,ed]%eim#if has po9t$ out1 is to be f\nd 9 ! tw5ty-eigh? *apt] ( t prophet's book4 ,!re we read ( ,j]emiah's conflict ) ,hananiah ! son ( ,azzur ! prophet1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! reign ( ,z$ekiah4 ,j previ\sly ,nebu*adnezz> _h c>ri$ away ,jeconiah ! k+ ( ,judah1 ) all ! treasures ( ! h\se ( ,yahweh & ! /r5g? ( ! p4 ,j]emiah _h prophesi$ t !y w\ld n return2 nay1 he _h =etold a fur!r calamity1 viz4 t ,nebu*adnezz> w\ld come aga9 & w\ld take away ! p & ! vessels ( ! h\se :i* /ill rema9$4 ,9 opposition to t1 ,hananiah decl>$1 z a ^w ( ,yahweh1 ,)9 two full ye>s w ,i br+ aga9 into ?is place all ! vessels ( ,yahweh's h\se t ,nebu*adnezz> k+ ( ,babylon took away f ?is place1 & c>ri$ !m to ,babylon2 & ,i w br+ aga9 to ?is place ,jeconiah ! son ( ,jehoiakim k+ ( ,judah1 ) all ! captives ( ,judah t w5t to ,babylon1 sai? ,yahweh4 ,j]emiah's conduct "u ^! circum/ances is notewor?y4 ,he did n imm$iately d5\nce 8 rival z prophesy+ falsely4 ,he seems to h ?\ght t possibly he might h a true ^w f ,yahweh1 s9ce1 z we see 9 ! ,book ( ,jonah1 ! mo/ positive prophecies 7 conditional1 & ,j]emiah w\ld seem to h ?\ght x possible t p]sonal rep5tance 0 ab\t to br+ ^u ! captive k+ & p a bless+1 in/ead ( ! evil he _h =ese54 ,he consequ5tly express$ a f]v5t wi% t ,hananiah's prophecy might come true1 b rem9d$ 8 rival t ! causes ( ! evil prophecies ( himself & previ\s prophets 7 f> wid] ?an ! gr\nd :i* ! p]sonal rep5tance ( ! captives c\ld cov]4 ,because ( t he evid5tly felt ! grave/ d\bt ab\t ,hananiah2 b he disposes ( ! matt] by say+1 ,! prophet :i* prophesie? ( peace1 :5 ! ^w ( ! prophet %all come to pass1 !n %all ! prophet be kn[n1 t ,yahweh ha? truly s5t him4 ,only aft]w>ds1 :5 he _h himself receiv$ a special revelation conc]n+ ,hananiah1 did he d5\nce him z an impo/or & a false prophet4 #if ,prophecy & ,hi/ory 9 ,relation to ! ,messiah1 p4 #aej4 ,! :ole n>rative is ( extreme importance1 = x %[s u h[ ! prophets !mselves reg>d$ _! own sup]natural p[]s1 & h[ !y us$ ! te/s suppli$ 9 ,deut]onomy4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !y ask$ h[ ! new ^w ( ,yahweh /ood 9 reg>d to ! old] words :i* ,he _h c]ta9ly spok54 ,if !re 0 any possible way 9 :i* ! new & ! old c\ld be reconcil$1 !y gave ! new ! b5efit ( ! d\bt1 & left ! decision to ! ev5t4 ,obvi\sly _h !re be5 no way ( reconcil+ ,hananiah's prophecy ) ! mass ( contr>y prophecy :i* _h gone be=e1 ,j]emiah w\ld h d5\nc$ him "u ! law ( ,deut4 xiii4 #e z lead+ away f ,yahweh4 ,z x 01 he fell back ^u ! te/ 9 ?is tw5ty-eigh? *apt]1 & w\ld h ma9ta9$ an attitude ( wat*ful neutrality until ! ev5t _h ju/ifi$ or condemn$ 8 rival1 _h n ,yahweh ,himself settl$ ! "q4 ,= our own day & 9 our diff]5t circum/ances ! te/s are radically ! same1 ?\gh1 z prophecy is ext9ct 9 ! ,*ur*1 !y mu/ to "s ext5t act diff]5tly4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t p>allel to ! crit]ion 9 ,deut4 xiii4 #e is to be f\nd 9 #a ,john iv4 #a1 #b1 & #c3 ,prove ! spirits1 :e!r !y are ( ,god3 because _m false prophets are gone out into ! _w4 ,h]eby "k ye ! ,_s ( ,god3 e _s :i* confesse? t ,jesus ,*ri/ is come 9 ! fle% is ( ,god3 & e _s :i* confesse? n ,jesus is n ( ,god3 & ?is is ! _s ( ! anti*ri/1 :]e( ye h he>d t x come?4 ,"u ! ,*ri/ian disp5sation to d5y t ,jesus ,*ri/ is come 9 ! fle% is ! same z x 0 to say "u ! e>li] disp5sation ,let u g aft] o!r gods1 s completely d ,god & ,*ri/ co9cide 9 our mo/ holy fai?4 ,9 ea* case ! ultimate te/ ( prophecy is to be ! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( ! fai?4 ,:atev] cr$5tials tea*]s :o d5y t may br+1 !y are to be unhesitat+ly reject$4 ,!y belong to ! _w1 t s*eme & fabric ( ?+s :i* rejects allegiance to ! ,_s ( ,god4 ,lea/ ( all is popul>ity ) ! _w z di/+ui%$ f ! ,*ur*1 or ) ! worldly portion ( ! ,*ur*1 to /& 9 ! way ( its rejection4 ,t is only ! natural consequ5ce ( its be+ ( ! _w4 ,)9 ! ,*ur* no qu>t] is to be %[n to su* tea*+1 = x really c>ries ) x ! absolute negation ( ! fai?4 ,b :at ( errone\s tea*+ :i* ackn[l$ges t ,jesus ,*ri/ is come 9 ! fle%8 ,to x ! ,old ,te/am5t p>allel is ! utt]ance ( ! prophet :o speake? 9 ! "n ( ,yahweh1 & ! ?+ foll[e? n nor comes to pass4 ,accord+ to ,old ,te/am5t precept & example1 t 0 to be left to ! judgm5t ( "t4 ,9 our day a correspond+ c\rse mu/ be f\nd4 ,! case suppos$ is t ( tea*+ believ$ to be errone\s1 b nei!r fundam5tally subv]sive ( ,*ri/ianity nor de/ructive ( ! special pr9ciples ( a ,*ur*4 ,if s1 e>ne/ opposition by ^? :o hold ! opposite view1 & adequate discussion1 are ! true way ( meet+ ! case4 ,= ! re/1 ! f9al decision %\ld be left to exp]i5ce4 ,9 "t1 ev5 subsidi>y error ( ?is k9d1 if important1 w manife/ itself by weak5+ spiritual life 9 ^? :o hold x2 !y w gradually dw9dle 9 numb]s & _! influ5ce 9 ! ,*ur* w die away4 ,!y beg9 by promis+ r5ew$ /r5g? & insight 9 spiritual ?+s1 r5ew$ en]gy 9 ! spiritual life4 ,if t foll[ n nor come to pass1 :5 due "t has be5 giv5 = any su* developm5t1 !n t is ! ?+ :i* ! ,"l ha? n spok51 & x %\ld be dealt ) z ! fundam5tal h]esy is to be dealt )4 ,b probably by t "t x w h judg$ itself1 & w ne$ no judgm5t ( m5 at all4 ,^! !n 7 ! connect+ l9ks betwe5 ,yahweh & ,8 p1 & ! organs by :i* ! life ( ! ,israelite nation 0 guid$3 ! ,k+%ip1 ! ,prie/hood1 & ! ,prophetic ,ord]4 ,! fir/ gave visibility to ! ,div9e rule1 & /ability to national & social life2 ! second secur$ ! /ability ( religion1 & built up ! moral life ( ! nation on ! basis ( ,mosaic law2 ! ?ird secur$ progress & av]t$ /agnation1 bo? 9 religion & 9 social & individual morals4 ,9 fact1 ord] & progress1 ! two ?+s ,positivi/ ?9k]s h set =? z ^? :i* c alone secure heal? to a community1 are provid$ = "h ) a directness & success :i* x w\ld be difficult to p>allel else:]e4 ,:5 we rememb] h[ small1 h[ obscure1 & h[ uncivilis$ ! p 0 to :om ?is s*eme ( ?+s 0 giv51 & h[ little _! surr\nd+s or circum/ances 7 calculat$ to sugge/ su* f>-rea*+ provisions1 we see t ! s\rce ( x all 0 ! ,revelation ( ! ,div9e "* giv5 by ,moses4 ,yahweh z reveal$ ?r\gh him did n p]mit ,8 wor%ipp]s to believe t !y c\ld1 at "o mom5t1 receive all t 0 to be kn[n ab\t ,him4 ,!y 7 taught to f\nd _! conduct & _! polity ^u :at !y did "k1 & to be eag]ly on ! wat* = t :i* might be reveal$ at new crises ( _! hi/ory4 ,n[ t tea*+ f9ds its mo/ complete expression 9 ! laws conc]n+ ! ?ree in/itutions we h be5 review+4 ,beh9d all heal?y national life & all /able in/itutions !re 01 s _h ?is p le>n$1 ! p[] & ! righte\sness ( ,almighty ,god4 ,9 ,8 eag]ness to draw ne> to m51 ,he _h *ang$ ! prie/1 ! k+1 ! prophet f be+1 z !y 7 among ! hea!n1 m]ely political & religi\s (ficials appo9t$ = purely e>?ly ends1 into *annels ( communication ) ,him4 ,?r\gh !m !re 7 p\r$ into ! life ( ?is nation :olesome & v>i$ /reams ( ,div9e grace & enlight5m5t1 & a j balance betwe5 cons]vatism & re=m 9 religion 0 admirably secur$4 ,consequ5tly1 amid all drawbacks1 ! ,israelites became an in/rum5t ( ! f9e/ p[] = good 9 ! h&s ( _! ,almighty ,k+2 & ev5 :5 _! outw>d glory fad$1 !y 7 inw>dly r5ew$ & press$ onw>d age aft] age4 ,)\t ha/+ & )\t re/+1 ! purpose ( ,god 0 realis$ 9 _! hi/ory1 guid$ by ^! ?ree organs ( _! national life4 ,ea* contribut$ its %>e 9 prep>+ = ! fulness ( ! "t :5 ,he came :o 0 ! ,salvation ( ,god1 & ea* suppli$ elem5ts ( ! mo/ ess5tial k9d to ! m+l$ expectation :i* 0 s m>vell\sly satisfi$ by ! life & "w ( ,*ri/4 ,!y wr\ght toge!r 9 ! fulle/ h>mony1 moreov]1 ?\gh !y 7 n always consci\s ( do+ s4 ,= !y all mov$ at ! bidd+ ( ! /ill small voice :]e) ,god speaks mo/ effectively to ! s\ls ( m54 ,because ( ?is _! purposes took a wid] sweep ?an !y knew1 _! hopes receiv$ w+s :i* c>ri$ !m f> away beyond ! horizon ( ,old ,te/am5t "t2 &1 />t+ f ! remote/ po9ts1 all ! /reams ( ! national life conv]g$1 till1 at ! close ( ! ,old ,te/am5t "t1 !y 7 runn+ 9 su* directions t !y c\ld n fail 9 little space to meet4 ,x 0 !re=e no surprise to ! fai?ful 9 ,israel :51 at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 !y 7 f\nd to h met 9 ,jesus ! ,*ri/4 ,once t po9t 0 rea*$1 ! :ole =m] hi/ory1 :i* 0 n[ ly+ complet$ be=e ! eyes ( all1 c\ld be fully appreciat$4 ,ev]y?+ 9 ! pa/ seem$ to speak ( ,him4 ,if1 9 t fir/ bur/ ( joy\s surprise1 ,messianic ref]5ces ( ! mo/ def9ite k9d 7 f\nd :]e we n[ c see only fa9t h9ts & adumbrations1 we ne$ n wond]4 ,s mu* m _h be5 spok5 ( ,him ?an !y _h ?\ght1 x w\ld h be5 /range _h !y n swung a little to ! opposite extreme4 ,b t ne$ n h9d] u f ackn[l$g+ t ! hi/ory ( ,israel1 view$ f _! /&po9t1 0 & is ! mo/ conspicu\s1 ! mo/ conv9c+1 ! mo/ inspir+ pro( ( ! ,div9e action 9 ! _w4 ,! f+] ( ,god 0 s manife/ly "h1 h>monis+1 direct+1 impell+1 t ! evid5ce = ,div9e guidance 9 mu* m obscure regions becomes irresi/ible4 ,) ?is hi/ory be=e u we c believe t x 0 n only 9 ^? f>-(f days1 & 9 t little corn] ( ,asia t ,god 0 active = ! production ( good4 ,n[ & "h1 z well z !n & !re1 !re are ,div9e & guid+ =ces at "w 9 ! _w2 & ! only safe politics1 ! only truly prosp]\s peoples1 are ^? 9 :i* rul]s & prie/s & prophets are secur$1 to :om ! secret ( ,god is op54 ,,*apt] ,,xx ,,! ,,economic ,,aspects ,,( ,,israelite ,,life ,x has (t5 & ju/ly be5 said t ! life ( ,israel is s entirely f\nd$ on ! grace & fav\r ( ,god t no di/9ction is made betwe5 ! secul> & ! religi\s laws4 ,:atev] _! orig9 may h be51 :e!r !y _h be5 "p ( ! tribal con/itution be=e ,moses' day or n1 !y 7 all reg>d$ z ,div9ely giv54 ,!y _h be5 accept$ z fit build+ /ones = ! great edifice ( t national life 9 :i* ,god 0 to reveal ,himself to all mank9d1 & beh9d !m all 0 ! same ,div9e au?ority4 ,t be+ s1 x is n wond]ful1 9 times l ^!1 :5 ! air is full ( plans & !ories = ! recon/ruction ( society 9 ! int]e/ ( ! toil+ masses ( m51 t believ]s 9 ! ,scriptures %\ld turn ) hope to ! legislation ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,9 ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s ! mat]ial conditions ( life are f> m dead5+ & demoralis+ = ! multitude 9 civilis$ c\ntries ?an !y are 9 _m uncivilis$ l&s4 ,t ?is %\ld be s is intol]able to all :o ?9k & feel2 & m5 turn ) hope to a sc5e :]e ,god is tea*+ & tra9+ m51 n m]ely 9 reg>d to _! individual life1 z 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 b also 9 reg>d to national life4 ,x is se51 too1 t ! tone & feel+ ( ^! laws are sympa!tic = ! poor z no o!r code has ev] be52 & _m ma9ta9 t1 if we w\ld only return to ! provisions ( ^! laws1 ! social crisis :i* is z yet only 9 its beg9n+1 & :i* ?reat5s to d>k5 & ov]%ad[ all l&s1 w\ld be at once & :olly av]t$4 ,m5 consequ5tly are dilig5tly inquir+ :at ! l& t5ure ( anci5t ,israel 01 :at its trade laws 71 h[ ! poor 7 dealt )1 & h[ & to :at ext5t paup]ism 0 av]t$ or provid$ =4 ,_m say1 ,if ,god has spok5 9 & by ?is p1 s t _! fir/ /eps 9 religion & morals h be5 ! />t+-po9t = ! highe/ life ( humanity1 may we n expect t _! fir/ /eps 9 political & social life w h ! same abid+ value1 if rightly und]/ood8 ,n[ ! ma9 ?+ 9 reg>d to :i* ! economical arrangem5ts ( a nation are important is l&4 ,9 mod]n times !re may be "s exceptionally situat$ communities1 su* z ! ,briti% p1 among :om comm]ce & manufactures are m important ?an agriculture2 b 9 anci5t times no su* case c\ld arise4 ,9 e community ! l& & ! l& t5ure 7 ! fundam5tally important ?+s4 ,n[ ! fundam5tal ?+ conc]n+ x 0 t ,yahweh1 be+ ! ,k+ ( ,israel1 :o _h =m$ & 0 guid+ ?is p z ,8 in/rum5t = sav+ ! _w1 & :o _h be/[$ _! c\ntry ^u !m1 0 reg>d$ z ! sole own] ( ! soil4 ,x is n necess>y to quote texts to prove ?is1 s9ce x is ! fundam5tal assumption ?r\gh\t ! ,old ,te/am5t ,scriptures t ! ,israelite title to _! l& 0 ! gift ( ,yahweh4 ,he _h promis$ x to ! fa!rs4 ,he _h driv5 out ! ,canaanite nations be=e ,israel4 ,he _h by ,8 mighty h& & ,8 /ret*$-out arm e/abli%$ ,8 *os5 p 9 ! place :i* ,he _h *os51 & ,he _h grant$ !m ! use & enjoym5t ( x s long z !y prov$ fai?ful to ,him4 ,consequ5tly1 9 a q real & palpable s5se1 !re 0 no own] ( l& 9 ,israel save ,yahweh4 ,& ?is ?\ght 0 n )\t practical consequ5ces ( great mom5t4 ,x 0 n a m]e religi\s s5tim5t1 x 0 a h>d & palpable fact1 t ,yahweh rul$4 ,absolute proprietor%ip c\ld nev] be built up on t basis1 & nev] z a matt] ( fact1 0 ackn[l$g$ 9 ,israel4 ,all 7 t5ants1 :o held _! places only s long z !y obey$ ! /atutes ( ,yahweh4 ,! sale 9 p]petuity ( t :i* _h be5 portion$ out to tribes & families 0 consequ5tly entirely prohibit$4 ,z aga9/ o!r nations1 inde$1 ,israel 0 to possess ?is l&1 s t no hea!n c\ld be p]mitt$ to buy & possess ev5 a scrap ( x2 b z aga9/ ,yahweh & ! purposes = :i* ,he _h *os5 ,israel1 all 7 equally /rang]s & soj\rn]s1 practically t5ants at w1 :o c\ld nei!r give nor take _! hold+s z if !y 7 absolutely !irs4 ,yet1 relatively1 ! l& 0 giv5 to ! community z a :ole1 & accord+ to ,jo%ua xiii4 #g sqq4 7a passage g5]ally assign$ to ! ,deut]onomic editor7 x 0 p>cell$ out by lot to ! v>i\s tribes j be=e ,jo%ua's dea?1 accord+ to _! respective numb]s4#ig ,!n )9 ! tribal doma9 ! families 9 ! wid] s5se _h _! portion1 & )9 ^! family doma9s aga9 ! individual h\seholds4 ,9 ?is way ! ,israelite t5ure ( l& occupies a middle po9t betwe5 ! !ories ( ,socialism1 & ! high doctr9e ( private prop]ty 9 l& :i* decl>es t ! individual own] c d :at he w ) 8 own4 ,! nation z a :ole claim$ rights ov] all ! l&1 b x did n attempt to manage ! public e/ate = ! common good4 ,x delegat$ its p[]s to ! tribes4 ,b n ev5 !y und]took ! burd5s ( proprietor%ip4 ,"u !m ! families und]took a g5]al sup]9t5d5ce2 b ! true propriet>y rights1 ! cultivation ( ! soil1 & ! draw+ ( pr(it f x1 subject only to d$uctions made by ! l>g] bodies1 ! families1 ! tribes1 & ! nation1 7 ex]cis$ only by individuals4 ,! nation took c>e t none ( its t]ritory %\ld be sold to =eign]s1 le/ ! national inh]itance %\ld be dim9i%$1 & ! tribes did ! same = ! tribal h]itage1 z we see f ! n>rative conc]n+ ! daught]s ( ,zelophehad4 ,x 0 only )9 limits !re=e1 t ! individual proprietor 0 free2 & ?\gh ! rights ( prop]ty 7 respect$1 ! correspond+ duties ( prop]ty 7 set =? ) irresi/ible cle>ness4 ,! community1 9 fact1 nev] ab&on$ its claims ^u ! common h]itage1 any m ?an ,israel's ,div9e ,k+ did1 & consequ5tly ! field )9 :i* propriet>y rights 7 ex]cis$ 0 m re/rict$ "h ?an 9 any mod]n /ate4 #ig ,cf4 ,numb4 xxvi4 #ec-ee f ,p & ,jo%4 xvii4 #ad ff4 f ,,je4 ,fur!r1 besides ! prohibition ( absolute sale :i* fl[$ f ! recognition ( ,yahweh's own]%ip1 & ! limitations :i* tribal & family claims involv$1 !re 7 di/9ct provisions 9 :i* ! national own]%ip "u ,yahweh 0 pla9ly ass]t$4 ,= example1 x is enact$ 9 ,deut4 xxiii4 #bd--,:5 ?\ come/ into ?y neighb\r's v9ey>d1 !n ?\ maye/ eat grapes ?y fill at ?9e own pleasure2 b ?\ %alt n put any 9 ?y vessel4 ,:5 ?\ come/ into ?y neighb\r's /&+ corn1 !n ?\ maye/ pluck ! e>s ) ?9e h&2 b ?\ %alt n move a sickle unto ?y neighb\r's /&+ corn4 ,alli$ to ^! 7 ! provisions 7,lev4 xix4 #i ff41 xxiii4 #aj7 conc]n+ glean+1 & n reap+ ! corn]s ( ! field4 ,x w be obs]v$ t1 ?\gh ^! latt] may be disc\nt$ z int5d$ = ! relief ( ! poor alone1 ! =m] provision 0 = all1 & t consequ5tly x may be reg>d$ z an und\bt$ ass]tion ( ! common own]%ip1 or common usufruct1 :i*1 ?\gh lat5t1 0 always held to be a fact4 ,9 o!r ways also ! same h9t is giv54 ,! provisions = lett+ ! l& lie fall[ 9 ! sev5? ye> & 9 ! jubilee ye>1 & = secur+ ! use ( :at grew 9 ! field = all :o *ose to take x1 7 int]f]5ces ) ! free-w ( ! individual own]s or occupi]s1 :i* f9d _! ju/ification only 9 ! fact t ! g5]al own]%ip 0 nev] suff]$ entirely to fall into ! backgr\nd4 ,to sum up !n ?is sy/em aim$ at secur+ ! advantages bo? ( ! sociali/ view & ( ! individuali/ic view1 :ile avoid+ ! evils ( bo?4 ,private ent]prise 0 enc\rag$1 by ! individual be+ gu>ante$ possession ( 8 l& aga9/ any o!r individual2 :ile public _s & a reg>d = g5]al int]e/s 7 promot$ by ! re/rictions :i* limit$ ! private own]%ip4 ,fur!r1 & m important /ill1 ! :ole relation ( ! nation & ( ! individual to ! l& 0 rais$ out ( ! m]ely sordid region ( mat]ial ga9 into ! spiritual & moral region1 by ! pr9ciple t ,yahweh _! ,god alone _h full propriet>y rights ov] ! soil4 ,all 7 soj\rn]s ) ,him4 ,he _h promis$ ?is l& to _! fa!rs z ! place :]e9 ,he %\ld specially reveal ,himself to !m4 ,"h1 communion ) ,him 0 to be e/abli%$1 & to ea* h\sehold !re _h be5 assign$ by ,yahweh a special portion ( x1 :i* x w\ld be equally a s9 & an unspeakable loss to "p )4 ,compulsion alone c\ld ju/ify su* a surr5d]2 & ! complet$ legislation1 :atev] its date1 & ev5 if x rema9$ always an unrealis$ ideal1 %[s h[ det]m9$ ! ef=t 0 to secure ! p]petuity ( ! t5ure 9 ! orig9al h&s4 ,! ideal ( ,israelite life 0 consequ5tly t ! l& %\ld rema9 9 ! h&s ( ! h]$it>y own]s1 & t ! ma9 support ( all ! p %\ld be agricultural lab\r4#ih #ih ,! que/ions connect$ ) ! jubilee ye> are num]\s & intricate1 & x may be = ev] impossible1 f lack ( data1 to decide at :at p]iod 9 ,israelite hi/ory x orig9at$1 or :e!r x 0 ev] actually obs]v$2 b x und\bt$ly express$ ! _s ( ! ,israelite legislation & cu/om>y law at all times4 ,x is ! natural culm9ation ( t5d5cies & ideas :i* 7 always pres5t4 ,t x is n m5tion$ 9 ,deut]onomy at all is surpris+1 if x _h be5 previ\sly to ,manasseh's day embodi$ ei!r 9 cu/om or 9 law2 yet1 on ! o!r h&1 !re are ref]5ces 9 ,ezekiel & o!r exilic books :i* are almo/ un9telligible except on ! supposition t ! jubilee ye> 0 a p]fectly well-kn[n in/itution 7cf4 ,j]4 xxxiv4 #h ff42 ,ezek4 vii4 #ab f42 ,ezek4 xlvi4 #af ff42 ,isa4 lxi4 #a ff474 ,x is ref]r$ to 9 a m]ely allusive way1 :i* implies t e he>] or read] ( ! prophetic w>n+s w\ld "k at once ! full scope & mean+ ( ! ref]5ce4 ,n[1 _h ! jubilee ye> be5 unkn[n be=e ! ,exile1 _h x be5 introduc$ by ! au?or ( ,lev4 xxv4 j be=e ,ezekiel1 no su* assumption c\ld h be5 made4 ,x w\ld1 !re=e1 seem necess>y to suppose t ! ord9ance = a jubilee ye> mu/ h exi/$ 9 pre-exilic "t2 =1 /range z ,deut]onomy's sil5ce 9 reg>d to x is1 ! argum5tum e sil5tio _c weigh aga9/ indications ( a positive k9d1 7 !y ev5 fa9t] ?an ^? we h 9 reg>d to ?is matt]4 ,! hypo!sis t ?is 0 ! case is /r5g!n$ to a c]ta9ty by ! mann] 9 :i* comm]ce1 "o ( ! o!r ma9 s\rces ( weal?1 is dealt ) 9 ! ,israelite law4 ,!re is b little sympa?y express$ ) x1 & "s ( ! regulations issu$ are su* z to r5d] trade on any v l>ge scale )9 ,pale/9e itself impossible4 ,f ! use ( ! ^w ,canaanite 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t 7cf4 ,job xli4 #f2 ,prov4 xxxi4 #bd2 ,zeph4 i4 #aa2 ,ezek4 xvii4 #d1 & ,isa4 xxiii4 #h7 x is cle> t1 ev5 9 ! lat] p]iods ( ,israelite hi/ory1 ! m]*ants 7 s prevail+ly ,canaanites t ! two words are synonym\s4 ,nay1 m2 !re c be no d\bt t ! comm]cial c>e] 0 look$ d[n ^u4 ,ev5 z e>ly z ! prophet ,hosea ! ,canaanite "n is connect$ ) false weights & vulg> comm]cial *eat+ 7,hos4 xii4 #g71 & x is look$ ^u z a la/ degradation t ,ephraim %\ld take delight 9 simil> pursuits4 ,9 all t we read ( m]*ants 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t we seem to he> ! expression ( a feel+ t comm]ce1 ) its necess>y w&]+s1 its temptations to di%one/y1 its con/ant contact ) hea!n peoples1 0 an occupation t 0 unwor?y ( a son ( ,israel4 ,ev5 ,solomon's success z a royal m]*ant w\ld n seem to h ov]come ?is feel+1 nor did ! lat] comm]cial successes ( k+s l ,jeho%aphat4 ,9 fact ! ord9>y ,israelite _h ! home-/ay+ f>m]'s contempt & suspicion ( ^! f>-w&]+ comm]cial p1 s mu* m nimble-witt$ ?an himself1 :o 7 !re=e to be reg>d$ ) half-admir+ w>9ess4 ,b ! v s9ews ( ext5sive comm]ce 7 cut by ! law aga9/ ! tak+ ( int]e/ f a bro!r ,israelite4#ii ,)\t cr$it1 or ! l5d+ ( money1 or :at is call$ sleep+ p>tn]%ip 7& all ^! are b\nd up ) receiv+ int]e/71 x is impossible to h ext5sive trade4 ,)\t !m e m]*ant w\ld h to limit 8 op]ations to ca% transactions & to 8 own imm$iate capital1 & ! great comb9ations :i* especially br+ weal? w\ld be impossible4 ,n[ we d n ne$ at pres5t to discuss ! wisdom ( prohibit+ ! tak+ ( int]e/1 nor ! /ill m debat$ "q :e!r t anci5t prohibition w\ld be wise or advantage\s n[4 ,x is en\gh = our purpose t usury 9 its lit]al s5se 0 actually =bidd5 among ,israelites1 & t !y 7 ?us %ut out f ! develop$ comm]cial life ( ! surr\nd+ nations4 ,z a result trade rema9$ 9 a m]ely embryonic condition4 #ii ,cf4 ,kbel1 ,die sociale und wir?s*aftli*e ,gesetzgebung des ,alt5 ,te/am5ts p4 #dg4 ,b 9 /ill o!r ways ! ,s9aitic legislation int]f]$ ) its developm5t4 ,! inculcation ( c]emonial purity1 especially 9 food1 & ! ef=t to make ,israel a peculi> p unto ,yahweh1 :i* di/+ui%es ev5 ! e>li] =ms ( ! law1 made int]c\rse ) =eign]s & liv+ abroad1 always difficult1 & "u "s circum/ances impossible4 ,consequ5tly all ! legislation t c possibly be consid]$ comm]cial 0 ( a v rudim5t>y "*4 ,f e po9t ( view x is cle> t anci5t ,israel 0 n a comm]cial p1 & t ! ,div9e law 0 int5d$ to re/ra9 !m f comm]cial pursuits4 ,!y c\ld n h be5 ! holy & peculi> p !y 7 meant to be1 _h !y become a nation ( traffick]s4 ,) reg>d to manufactur+ indu/ries ! case 0 n ess5tially diff]5t4 ,su* pursuits 71 x is true1 m hon\r$ ?an comm]ce 01 = skill 9 all arts1 :e!r agricultural or indu/rial1 0 reg>d$ z a special gift ( ! ,almighty4 ,b s f> z ! records g1 !re is no evid5ce t a manufactur+ indu/ry exi/$1 beyond :at ! v limit$ ne$s ( ! nation itself dem&$4 ,f ! fact t1 accord+ to ,prov4 xxxi4 #bd1 :i* 0 probably writt5 late 9 ! hi/ory ( ,israel1 ! manufactur+ ( l95 g>m5ts = sale & ( girdles = ! ,canaanites 0 ! bus9ess ( ! ?rifty & virtu\s h\sewife1 we may ga!r t sy/ematic :olesale manufacture ( su* ?+s 0 unkn[n4 ,probably ! case 0 n o!rwise 9 reg>d to all bran*es ( indu/ry4 ,!re are no traces ( trade ca/es1 nor ( manufactur+ t[ns2 s t ! manufactur+ indu/ries1 s f> z !y exi/$1 _h no o!r place ?an t ( h&maids to agriculture1 by :i* ! nation really liv$4 ,accord+ to ! ,old ,te/am5t1 !n1 ! ideal /ate ( ?+s = a p l ,israel 0 t e h\sehold %\ld be settl$ ^u ! l&1 t p]man5t eviction f or ev5 ali5ation ( ! hold+s %\ld be impossible1 & t ! :ole population %\ld h a common int]e/ 9 agriculture1 t mo/ hon\rable & fundam5tal ( all human pursuits4 ,!re 71 ( c\rse1 "s m5 9 ,israel m prom95t ?an o!rs1 & "s ri*]1 b !re 0 to be no impassable b>ri] betwe5 classes su* z we f9d 9 ,ea/]n c\ntries :]e ca/e prevails1 or 9 ,we/]n c\ntries :]e ! ari/ocratic pr9ciple has drawn a deep divid+ l9e betwe5 ^? ( good blood & all o!rs4 ,s f> z is kn[n1 !re 7 no class b>ri]s to int]m>riage4 ,f ! highe/ to ! l[e/1 all 7 s]vants ( ,yahweh1 & 7 consequ5tly equal4 ,! conditions ( ! l& t5ure 7 su* t x 0 impossible1 if !y 7 respect$1 t l>ge e/ates %\ld accumulate 9 ! h&s ( individuals1 & a l&less prolet>iate c\ld n arise4 ,! v ri* & ! v poor 7 alike legislat$ out ( exi/5ce1 & a suffici5t provision = all 0 t :i* 0 aim$ at4 ,by ! cycle ( ,sabbatic p]iods 7! weekly ,sabba?1 ! ,sabbatic ye>1 & ! ye> ( jubilee7 ample re/ = ! l& & its inhabitants 0 secur$2 & 9 ! limits set ^u ! p]iod = :i* a ,hebrew slave might be reta9$1 9 ! release1 :atev] t 01 :i* ! sev5? ye> br\ght to ! debtor1 & 9 ! re/oration ( l& to ! impov]i%$ own] 9 ! ye> ( jubilee1 su* a s]ies ( breakwat]s 7 erect$ aga9/ ! inru%+ flood ( paup]ism1 t1 _h !y be5 ma9ta9$1 ! _w w\ld h se5 = ! fir/ "t a fairly civilis$ community 9 :i* ev5 mod]ate ill-des]t 9 a man c\ld n br+ irretrievable ru9 ^u 8 po/]ity4 ,! prodigal 0 h9d]$ f sell+ 8 h]itage2 he c\ld only sell ! use ( x = a numb] ( ye>s4 ,he c\ld n ru9 himself by borr[+ at extravagant rates ( int]e/1 = no "o 0 tempt$ to l5d him1 & usury 0 =bidd54 ,he might inde$ run into debt & be sold into slav]y along ) 8 family1 b t c\ld only be = a few ye>s1 & !n !y all resum$ _! =m] position4 ,9 ?is v l& :]e ! fact1 ,div9ely impress$ ^u human life1 t ! s9s ( ! fa!rs 7 visit$ on ! *ildr5 0 mo/ unfl9*+ly taught1 ! mo/ elaborate precautions 7 tak5 to mitigate ! sev]ity ( ?is necess>y law4 ,f ! fir/ ! ideal 0 t !re %\ld be no son or daught] ( ,israel oppress$ or impov]i%$ p]man5tly2 & :atev] ! /ages ( advance 9 ,israelite law may h be51 & :atev] ! date ( p>ticul> ord9ances may be1 !re is an admirable consi/5cy ( aim ?r\gh\t4 ,ev5 %\ld x be prov$ t ! ,sabbatic ord9ances rema9$ m]e g5]\s aspirations1 :i* nev] ent]$ into ! practical life ( ! p at all1 t fact w\ld only emphasise ! e>ne/ness & p]si/5cy ) :i* ! inspir$ legislators pursu$ _! g5]\s aim4 ,no *ange 9 circum/ances turn$ !m aside4 ,! glitt] ( ! weal? acquir$ by ,solomon & o!r k+s by comm]ce nev] s$uc$ !m4 ,no ideal b t e>ly "o ( e man sitt+ "u 8 own v9e & 8 own fig-tree1 ) none to make him afraid1 :i* is witness$ to be=e ! ,exile 7,micah iv4 #d71 9 ! ,exile 7#a ,k+s iv4 #be71 & aft] ! ,exile 7,ze*4 iii4 #aj71 0 ev] *]i%$ by !m2 & ! :ole economic legislation is entirely consi/5t ) :at we "k ( ! e>lie/ "t4 ,& ! deepe/ roots ( x all 7 religi\s4 ,! ,biblical writ]s h no d\bt at all t ! ideal economic /ate c be rea*$ only by a p attun$ by religion to self-sacrifice1 to pity1 & to ju/ice4 ,9 ?is !y diff] radically f ! sociali/s or semi-sociali/s ( to-day4 ,^! imag9e t man ne$s only a fav\rable environm5t to become good2 :]eas ! ,scriptural writ]s "k t to use well ! be/ environm5t is a task :i*1 m ?an any?+1 puts /ra9 ^u ! moral & spiritual nature4 ,= to deal 9 a supremely wise fa%ion ) great opportunities is ! "p only ( a nature p]fectly moralis$4 ,consequ5tly all ! social laws ( ,israel are made to h _! root 9 ! relation ( ! p to _! ,god4 ,!re 0 only "o p[] t c\ld secure t ?is admirable ma*9]y w\ld move1 & keep x mov+4 ,t 0 ! love & fe> ( ,god4 ,! conduct prescrib$ 0 ! conduct befitt+ ! true ,israelite1 ! man :o 0 fai?ful 9 all 8 ways4 ,! laws m>k$ out ! pa?s :]e9 he %\ld walk if he will$ to d ,god's w4 ,!y 71 !re=e1 ideal 9 all _! highe/ prescriptions1 & c\ld nev] become real except :]e ! true religion _h _h its p]fect "w4 ,9 t respect ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt resembles ! ,israelite law4 ,x presupposes a completely ,*ri/ian society1 j z ! old law presupposes a completely ,yahwi/ic society1 i4e4 a society made up ( m5 :o made devotion to _! ,god ! *ief motive ( _! lives4 ,9 su* a community !re w\ld h be5 no difficulty 9 entirely realis+ ! /ate ( ?+s aim$ at "h1 j z 9 a community p5etrat$ by ! love ( ,*ri/ ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt w\ld be n only practicable b natural4 ,b )\t t supreme motive mu* t ! enactm5ts ( bo? ! ,old ,te/am5t & ! ,new dem& mu/ rema9 m]e aspiration4 ,j 9 proportion z ,israel 0 true to ,yahweh 0 ! law realis$1 & ! dem&s ( ! law always act$ z a spur to ! bett] "p ( ! p to ent] into full] sympa?y & communion ) ,him 9 ord] t !y might respond to !m4 ,! law & ! religion ( ! p act$ & react$ ^u "o ano!r1 b ! great] ( ^! two elem5ts 0 religion4 ,x 0 n wond]ful1 !re=e1 t to a l>ge ext5t ?is legislation fail$1 z m5 measure failure4 ,! religi\s /ate ( ! nation nev] 0 :at x %\ld h be52 & ! law1 ?\gh x 0 held to be ,div9e1 0 nev] :olly obs]v$4 ,9 ! ,nor!rn ,k+dom1 by ! "t ( ! ,syrian w>s1 ! old con/itution ( ,israel _h brok5 up4 ,! h>dy yeomanry _h be5 ru9$ & disp]s$4 ,_! l&s _h be5 seiz$ or b\ght by ! ri*1 & e law t _h be5 made to ensure re/oration 0 habitually disreg>d$4 ,z ,rob]tson ,smi? /ates x1#ajj3 ,! unhappy ,syrian w>s sapp$ ! /r5g? ( ! c\ntry1 & gradually de/roy$ ! old peasant proprietors :o 7 ! be/ hope ( ! nation4 ,! gap betwe5 ! _m poor & ! few ri* became wid] & wid]4 ,! l&less classes 7 gr\nd d[n by usury & oppression1 = 9 t /ate ( society ! l&less man _h no c>e] 9 trade1 & 0 at ! m]cy ( ! l&hold+ capitali/4 ,& 9 ,judah ! /ate ( ?+s1 ?\gh n s bad1 0 simil>4 ,9 ! days ( ,z$ekiah we "k t ,hebrew slaves 7 held = life1 in/ead ( be+ releas$ 9 ! sev5? ye>4#aja ,! prop]ties ( ^? compell$ to sell 7 nev] return$ to ! own]s1 & all ! laws t 7 meant to secure ! welf>e & prosp]ity ( ! masses ( ,israel 7 contemptu\sly disreg>d$4 ,9 %ort1 ! wor/ features ( a purely competitive civilisation1 ) mat]ialism eat+ into its s\l1 became gl>+ly manife/4 ,all ! canonical prophets )\t exception d5\nce ! vices & tyrannies ( ! ri*4#ajb ,z f> z c be le>n$1 moreov]1 ! ye> ( release & ! ,sabbatic ye> 7 n regul>ly or g5]ally obs]v$1 :ile ! jubilee ye> w\ld seem nev] to h be5 kept aft] ! ,exile4 ,! laws reg>d+ tak+ int]e/ 7 also evad$4#ajc #ajj ,prophets ( ,israel1 p4 #hh4 #aja ,cf4 ,j]4 xxxiv4 #h ff4 #ajb ,cf4 ,amos ii4 #f ff4 #ajc ,neh4 v4 #a seq4 ,nev]!less x w\ld be a great error to suppose t ^! ,div9ely giv5 social laws %\ld be br&$ z a failure4 ,!y 7 n liv$ up to1 & x is n improbable t ! corruption ( ! p's life 0 9 a degree int5sifi$ by ! reaction f s high an ideal4 ,b ! axiom :i* is curr5t n[ 9 all ! newspap]s1 t laws too f> above ! g5]al level ( ! national consci5ce _c be en=c$1 & becom+ a dead lett] t5d to produce lawlessness1 does n apply to su* codes z ^? ( ,israel4 ,^!1 z has m ?an once be5 po9t$ out1 7 n ( ! same "* z our legal codes are4 ,among u1 laws are meant to be obs]v$ ) m9ute & c>eful dilig5ce1 & any brea* ( !m is puni%$ by ! c\rts1 :i*1 on ! :ole1 c be easily set 9 motion4 ,anci5t religi\s codes are nev] ( t k9d4 ,!y d conta9 laws ( t "*1 b ! bulk ( ! provisions are n laws :i* ! executive is to en=ce1 b ideals ( conduct :i* ! true wor%ipp] ( ,god ought to /rive to atta9 to4 ,x is1 !re=e1 ( _! v ess5ce t !y %\ld be f> above ! av]age national consci5ce4 ,nations ^: ideals so> no high] ?an ! possible atta9m5t ( ! av]age man z he is1 h virtually no ideals at all1 & are cut (f f all endur+ upw>d impulses4 ,^?1 on ! contr>y1 :o h a vision ( ! p]fect life1 are c]ta9 to be bo? humbl]1 & at ! same "t m sure to p]si/ 9 ! pa9ful pa? ( moral discipl9e4 ,z a man's rea* %\ld exce$ 8 grasp1 s also %\ld a nation's2 & ?\gh x is almo/ always =gott51 x is precisely ,israel's glory t %e set up = h]self & exhibit$ to ! _w an ideal ( bro!rhood1 ( love to ,god & man1 to :i* %e c\ld n atta94 ,great z ! practical failure 9 ,israel 01 !re=e1 no fault c be f\nd 9 ! legislation4 ,x m\ld$ ! *>act]s ( m5 :o 7 s5sitive to ! influ5ces com+ f ,god1 s t !y became fit in/rum5ts ( inspiration2 & x made _! lives examples ( ! highe/ virtue t ! anci5t _w knew4 ,fur!r1 x gave %ape to ! hopes & aspirations ( ! p1 especially :]e x 0 n realis$4 ,! ye> ( jubilee1 = example1 is ! gr\ndwork ( t great & affect+ promise conta9$ 9 ,isa4 lxi3 ,! ,_s ( ! ,"l ,yahweh is ^u me1 because ,yahweh ha? ano9t$ me to prea* good tid+s unto ! meek2 ,he ha? s5t me to b9d up ! brok5-he>t$1 to proclaim lib]ty 7d]or7 to ! captives1 & ! op5+ ( ! prison to !m t are b\nd2 to proclaim ! acceptable ye> ( ,yahweh & ! day ( v5geance ( our ,god2 to com=t all t m\rn4 ,t :i* 0 unatta9able "h1 amid ! gre$s & lu/s ( an unspiritual g5]ation1 gave col\r to ! ,messianic future2 & m5 7 taught to look & wait = a k+dom ( ,god 9 :i* a peace & tru? t c\ld n z yet be rea*$ w\ld be ! c]ta9 possession ( all4 ,:5 we turn to mod]n times & mod]n circum/ances1 x is n easy to see h[ ?is anci5t law c be applicable to !m4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 mu* ( x 0 made b9d+ ^u ,israel only because ( its peculi> "* z ! p to :om ! true religion 0 reveal$4 ,z cu/odians ( t1 !y 7 ju/ifi$ 9 keep+ up walls ( p>tition betwe5 !mselves & ! _w1 :i* if univ]sally accept$ w\ld only be hurtful to ! highe/ int]e/s ( mank9d4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! developm5t ( ! true religion hav+ be5 complet$ by ! com+ ( ,*ri/1 x is ! duty ( ^? nations :i* enjoy ! light to spread abroad ! good news ( ,god :i* !y h receiv$1 & to exhibit its p[] among all ! nations ( ! e>?4 ,! highe/ & mo/ ,div9e call :i* c n[ come to any p mu/1 !re=e1 be radically diff]5t 9 "s *ief aspects f t ( ,israel4 ,9 ! second place1 ! civilisation & culture ( ! great nations ( to-day are f> m complicat$ ?an any anci5t civilisation ev] 01 & ! g5]al level is fix$ by an action & reaction ext5d+ ov] ! :ole civilis$ _w4 ,no successes c be a*iev$1 no blund]s c be committ$1 9 any "p ( ! _w :i* d n affect almo/ imm$iately ! f>!/ ends ( ! e>?4 ,moreov] ! intimate & univ]sal correlation ( int]e/ makes int]f]5ce ) any "p ( ! complicat$ :ole an exce$+ly p]il\s matt]4 ,any proposal t ?is law1 z be+ ,div9ely giv51 ought 9 its economic aspect to be made univ]sally b9d+1 %\ld !re=e be met by a dem& = a c>eful inquiry into possible diff]5ces betwe5 anci5t life & mod]n1 :i* might make guidance ,div9ely giv5 to ! "o inapplicable to ! o!r4 ,x is n necess>ily true t because ,israel by ,div9e comm& e/abli%$ e h\sehold ^u ! soil1 =bade int]e/1 & did no?+ to enc\rage trade & manufactures1 we %\ld d ^! ?+s4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! case ( int]e/4 ,9 our day1 & 9 civilisations ( a high type1 l5d+ money to a p]son n 9 di/ress at all1 b :o sees an opportunity ( mak+-en\gh by ! use ( borr[$ money to pay ! int]e/ & make a pr(it1 is (t5 a mo/ praisewor?y & *>itable act4 ,b if ! ,israelite legislation 9 reg>d to int]e/ _c ju/ly be tak5 z a law = all "t1 /ill less c any great mod]n /ate neglect or disc\rage comm]ce & manufactures4 ,! m]ely embryonic "* ( comm]cial legislation1 & ! contempt = ! m]*ant :i* did 9 anci5t days exi/1 w\ld be exce$+ly out ( place n[4 ,!re is no c>e] m hon\rable ?an t ( ! m]*ant ( our day :5 he c>ries on 8 bus9ess 9 a high-m9d$ fa%ion1 nor is !re any memb] ( ! community ^: call+ is m b5efic5t ?an 84 ,s long z he looks = ga9 to himself 9 ways :i*1 tak5 on ! great scale1 br+ b5efit bo? to produc] & consum]1 8 activity is purely b5eficial4 ,!re is absolutely no reason :y comm]cial life %\ld n be z hone/1 z s\nd1 z mu* 9 accord ) ! m9d ( ,god1 9 itself1 z any o!r mann] ( life4 ,= 9 _m ways x has be5 a civilis+ ag5t ( ! highe/ p[]4 ,( c\rse1 if ! *>ges br\ght aga9/ m]*ants by ,rusk91 = example1 :o seizes ^u & believes e /ory :i* involves *>ges ( fraud aga9/ mod]n comm]ce1 7 true2 if x 7 impossible1 z he says x is1 = an hone/ man to prosp] 9 trade1 !n we might h "s gr\nd = condemn+ ?is bran* ( human activity4 ,b happily only a confirm$ & incorrigible pessimi/ c believe t4 ,9 our "t "s ( ! noble/ m5 ( :om we h any k h be5 m]*ants1 & among no class has s mu* pr9cely g5]osity be5 exhibit$4 ,if m]cantile help _h be5 )drawn f ! poor1 if ! "t1 ! money1 ! organis+ skill :i* m]*ants h freely exp5d$ ^u *>ities 7 sudd5ly to fail !m1 ! case aga9/ our mod]n civilisation w\ld be indef9itely /rong] ?an x is4 ,moreov] ! imm5se expansion ( cr$it :i* is at once ! glory & ! dang] ( mod]n comm]ce1 is itself a pro( t su* :olesale condemnation z we h spok5 ( is unw>rantable4 ,! bulk ( comm]ce mu/1 aft] all1 be fairly s\nd1 o!rwise x c\ld n cont9ue & spread z x does4 ,&1 z aga9/ ! evils :i* affect x 9 common ) all human activities1 we mu/ put ! fact t x br+s ! produce ( all l&s to ! door ev5 ( ! poor1 & by ! con/ant contact betwe5 nations :i* x causes x is influ5c+ ! ?\ght z well z ! lives ( m54 ,human bro!rhood is be+ fur!r$ by x1 sl[ly1 x is true1 b surely1 & ! b>ri]s :i* sep>ate ! nations are be+ sapp$ by its influ5ce4 ,^! are indisp5sable s]vices = ! future progress ( mank9d1 & make comm]ce n[ z mu* ! necess>y h&maid ( ! highe/ life z x w\ld h be5 a h9drance to x 9 ! case ( ! *os5 p1 be=e !y _h assimilat$ ! tru?s ( :i* !y 7 to be ! be>]s to ! _w4 ,t comm]ce1 & trade 9 g5]al1 ne$ to be purifi$ goes )\t say+4 ,t x may1 ( late ye>s1 h det]iorat$1 z ! g5]al decay ( fai? & ! pursuit ( luxury h weak5$ ! sanctions ( morality1 is n improbable4 ,b 9 itself x is n only a legitimate human activity2 x is also an admirable in/rum5t = br++ home to ! consci5ces ( m5 ! tru? t !y are all _! bro!rs' keep]s4 ,x presses home z no?+ else c\ld d ! great tru? proclaim$ by ,/4 ,paul 9 reg>d to ! ,*ur*1 z true also ( ! _w1 t if "o memb] suff]s all ! body suff]s ) x4 ,e day ?r\gh ?is *annel m5 are receiv+ lessons1 :i* !y _c *oose b he>1 to ! effect t no p]man5t b5efit c come f ! loss & suff]+ ( m5 9 any "p ( ! _w2 t peace & righte\sness & good fai? are ?+s :i* h supreme value ev5 9 ! m]cantile s5se2 & t1 conv]sely1 ! m]*ant's pursuit ( weal?1 if c>ri$ on 9 accord ) ! fundam5tal tru?s ( morality1 inevitably becomes a pot5t factor 9 t advance to a worldwide k ( ! ,"l1 :i* gleam$ be=e ! eyes ( prophets & se]s z ! ,f>-(f ,div9e ev5t1 ,to :i* ! :ole creation moves4 ,b if we _c make ! ,old ,te/am5t our law 9 reg>d to comm]ce1 we mu/ ask :e!r ! legislation 9 reg>d to l& has = u any b9d+ =ce8 ,view+ x ) ?is "q 9 our m9ds1 ,i ?9k we mu/ be /ruck by "o fact1 ?is namely1 t ! univ]sal possession ( l& :i* 0 provid$ = 9 ,israel & s anxi\sly ma9ta9$ is ! only provision kn[n aga9/ ! gr[? ( a wage-e>n+ class l>gely1 if n entirely1 at ! m]cy ( ! employ]4 ,9 ,greece & ,rome ! population at fir/ 7 all settl$ on _! own l&s1 & x 0 only :5 by money-l5d+ ! small prop]ties 7 b\ght up & turn$ into huge f>ms1 work$ by f>m-bailiffs & slaves1 t mis]y began to invade all p>ts ( ! social fabric4 ,9 m$ival & feudal ,engl&1 on ! o!r h&1 & inde$ :]ev] ! feudal sy/em exi/$1 ! cultivators1 ev5 :5 !y 7 s]fs1 _h an inali5able "r to ! l&4 ,!y c\ld n be evict$ if !y r5d]$ c]ta9 n v burd5some s]vices to ! "l4 ,z long z ^! dues 7 satisfi$1 x is pla9 ! t5ant 0 secure f dispossession1 says ,pr(essor ,?orold ,rog]s 7,six ,c5turies1 etc41 p4 #dd74 ,b 9 "t t sy/em 0 brok5 d[n2 & ev] s9ce1 until )9 ! la/ half-c5tury1 ! c\rse ( ?+s ) ! lab\r+ classes 9 ,engl& has be5 "o long desc5t4 ,s long z ! p 7 atta*$ to ! soil1 & s long z all alike practis$ agriculture1 z 9 ,pale/9e "u ! ,mosaic law1 ,engli%m5 liv$ 9 r\gh pl5ty1 & 7 = ! mo/ "p cont5t4 ,! fifte5? c5tury 0 ! gold5 age ( m$ival agriculture2 b a *ange = ! worse came 9 ) ! sev5te5?1 & x cont9u$4#ajd #ajd ,contemp4 ,rev41 #ahhj1 ,april1 p4 #fha4 ,two measures--! introduction ( competitive r5ts ) its coroll>y1 eviction1 & ! enclosure ( ! common l&s--work$ gradually on until !y h entirely divorc$ ! workman f ! soil1 & ,pr(essor ,cairnes#aje has told u cle>ly :at t means4 ,9 a conte/ betwe5 va/ bodies ( p s circum/anc$ & ! own]s ( ! soil ! negotiation c\ld h b "o issue1 t ( transf]r+ to ! own]s ( ! soil ! :ole produce1 m9us :at 0 suffici5t to ma9ta9 9 ! l[e/ /ate ( exi/5ce ! race ( cultivators4 ,?is is :at has happ5$ :]ev] ! own]s ( ! soil1 disc>d+ all consid]ations b ^? dictat$ by self-int]e/1 h really avail$ !mselves ( ! full /r5g? ( _! position4 ,x is :at has happ5$ "u rapaci\s gov]nm5ts 9 ,asia2 x is :at has happ5$ "u rapaci\s l&lords 9 ,irel&2 x is :at n[ happ5s "u ! b\rgeois proprietors ( ,fl&]s2 x is1 9 %ort1 ! inevitable result :i* _c b happ5 9 ! great majority ( all societies n[ exi/+ on e>? :]e l& is giv5 up to be dealt ) on comm]cial pr9ciples unqualifi$ by public op9ion1 cu/om1 or law4 ,! result is t ! lab\r]s h only _! daily wages to dep5d ^u4 ,!y h no means ( productive home indu/ry2 !y h n ev5 a home f :i* !y _c be eject$ at any mom5t on failure to pay ! weekly r5t2 !y h no l&1 g>d51 or dome/ic animals1 ! produce ( :i* might support !m till fre% "w c\ld be obta9$4#ajf ,we ne$ n wond] t ?is "q ( ! occupancy ( l& z ! only visible rem$y = ! hide\s social /ate ( ! mo/ highly civilis$ nations ( ! _w is gradually becom+ ! "q ( our "t4 ,a great reaction aga9/ ! purely comm]cial !ory ( l& t5ure has tak5 place4 ,! l& legislation 9 ,irel& has be5 bas$ on ! doctr9es t ! nation _c p]mit absolute prop]ty 9 l&1 & t !re is no hope = any p]man5t improvem5t 9 ! condition ( ! poor until lab\r]s h l& ( _! own4 ,n[ ^! are precisely ! pr9ciples ( ! ,scriptural l& legislation4 ,"u x l&lords ) absolute rights ov] l& 7 impossible1 & ! rise ( a prolet>iate at ! m]cy ( ! capitali/ 0 also impossible4 ,x is n s /range1 !re=e1 z x might at fir/ sight appe> t ! dem&s ( advanc$ l& re=m]s1 z !y are voic$ 9 ,mr4 ,wallace's book 7p4 #aib71 are1 mutatis mut&is1 id5tical ) ! provisions ( ! ,israelite law4 ,he dem&s 7#a7 t l&lordism %all be sup]s$$ by occupy+ own]%ip2 7#b7 t ! t5ure ( ! hold]s ( l& mu/ be made secure & p]man5t2 7#c7 t arrangem5ts mu/ be made by :i* e ,briti% subject may secure a portion ( l& = p]sonal occupation at its fair agricultural value2 & 7#d7 t 9 ord] t ^! conditions be r5d]$ p]man5t sub-lett+ mu/ be absolutely prohibit$1 & mortgages /rictly limit$4 ,?is ess5tial on5ess ( view 9 ! mod]n l& re=m] & 9 ! anci5t law is all ! m rem>kable t1 s f> z c be ga!r$ f 8 book1 ,mr4 ,wallace has nev] reg>d$ ! ,old ,te/am5t f ?is po9t ( view4 ,he nev] quotes x1 & is app>5tly q unconsci\s t ! plan :i* exp]i5ce ( pres5t evils1 & acute & dis9t]e/$ reflection on !m1 has sugge/$ to him1 0 set =? ?\s&s ( ye>s ago z ! only righte\s "o4 #aje ,essays on ,political ,economy1 p4 #bja4 #ajf ,wallace1 ,l& ,nationalisation1 p4 #af4 ,b ?is is n by any means ! end ( ! matt]4 ,ev5 if ! social re=m]s ( our day c\ld re/ore society to ! conditions set =? s emphatically & s long ago 9 ,israel1 hi/ory proves t no?+ m ?an a tempor>y improvem5t might be accompli%$4 ,9 ,israel1 z we h se51 ) ! decay ( religion came ! decay ( ?is righte\s social /ate4 ,human selfi%ness !n %ook (f ! curb ( religion1 & gave itself )\t re/ra9t to ! oppression ( ! poor4 ,h we any reason to believe t n[ human selfi%ness w\ld d less8 ,!re appe>s little gr\nd to ?9k s2 & ?\gh we may believe t )\t ! acceptance ( ,deut]onomic pr9ciples 9 mod]n life we _c re/ra9 ! gr[? ( pov]ty1 ev5 ) ,deut]onomic pr9ciples embodi$ 9 our laws no?+ w be done if ! p turn _! backs ^u religion1 make selfi% enjoym5t _! highe/ good1 & ! com=ts & pleasures ( a m]ely mat]ial life _! only he>t-w>m+ aspiration4 ,9 t fact we h an indication ( ! true functions ( ! ,*ur* & ( religi\s tea*]s 9 ! social & political life ( our "t & ( times to come4 ,z individuals1 religi\s m5 %\ld c]ta9ly be f\nd always among ! advocates ( all laws & plans :i* t5d to ju/ice & m]cy1 & to ! rais+ ( ! toil]s ev]y:]e to a high] /&>d ( liv+4 ,fur!r1 at no "t %\ld ! ,*ur* be f\nd committ$ to a purely cons]vative policy1 ( reta9+ ?+s z !y are4 ,! und5iable facts z to ! condition ( ! poor are s utt]ly unju/ifiable1 t to leave ?+s z !y are is to fall into ! treason ( despair 9 reg>d to ! future ( our race1 & into sc>cely veil$ disbelief ( ! ess5tial tru? ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,no ,*ur* ^: he>t has n be5 corrupt$ by worldl9ess c ?9k = a mom5t t ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s 9 all highly civilis$ communities is ev5 tol]able4 ,x _c la/1 & x ought n to la/2 ! ,*ur* t timidly supports x1 le/ wor/ ?+s %\ld come1 is nam$ & kn[n !reby = recreant to ,*ri/ & to ! highe/ hopes ( ,8 ,gospel4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 x is only 9 v exceptional circum/ances1 & = %ort int]vals1 t ! ,*ur*es & _! m9i/]s c ev] be call$ ^u to make ! ext]nal1 mat]ial condition ( ! p _! fir/ & *ief c>e4 ,!y h a place ( _! own to fill1 a function ( _! own to dis*>ge2 & ^u _! effici5cy & dilig5ce 9 ^! ! /ability & p]man5ce ( all t politicians & publici/s c accompli% ultimately dep5ds4 ,!y mu/ keep alive & n\ri% ! religi\s life1 z t life has be5 %ap$ & con/itut$ by our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,_! prov9ce is to witness1 9 season & out ( season1 = a life ( purity & love1 = ! ,div9e & ideal sides ( ?+s1 = ! necessity1 = man's highe/ well-be+1 ( a life hid ) ,*ri/ 9 ,god4 ,if !y d n keep up ?is te/imony1 no o!rs w2 & if x be dropp$ out ( sight1 !n ! social agony & /ruggle1 ! patriotic & humanit>ian /riv+s ( all ! re=m]s1 w lack _! f9al sanction4 ,m5 w inevitably come to ?9k t man's life does consi/ 9 ! abundance ( ! ?+s t he possesses1 ! leisure1 ! amusem5t1 ! culture :i* by comb9+ mat]ial res\rces he may atta9 to4 ,b x is to d5y & d5\nce t view t ! ,*ur* exi/s 9 ! _w4 ,x 0 to lift m5 out ( x1 to set !m above x = ev]1 t ,*ri/ di$4 ,x is f9ally only by ab&on+ x t ! highe/ social condition c be rea*$ & made p]man5t = ! multitudes ( m54 ,9 no way !re=e c ! ,*ur* s dang]\sly betray ! cause ( ! poor & ! oppress$ z by plung+ into ! heat ( ! social & political /ruggle4 ,%e has to witness to high] ?+s ?an t involves1 & h] sil5ce 9 ! ideal region :i* w\ld c]ta9ly foll[ h] devotion to mat]ial int]e/s1 h[ev] unselfi%1 w\ld be b ill comp5sat$ = by any imag9able success %e might atta94 ,,*apt] ,,xxi ,,ju/ice ,,9 ,,israel ,among ! nations ( ! mod]n _w "o ( ! mo/ vital di/9ctions is ! degree 9 :i* j judgm5t is e/imat$ & provid$ =4 ,inde$1 accord+ to mod]n ideas1 life is tol]able only :]e all m5 are equal be=e ! law2 :]e all are judg$ by /atutes :i* are kn[n1 or at lea/ may be kn[n1 by all2 :]e corruption or animus 9 a judge is z r>e z x is held to be di%on\rable4 ,b we _c =get t 9 ! majority ( ev5 ! m advanc$ c\ntries ( ! _w ^! ?ree conditions are n yet f\nd1 & t :]e !y d exi/ !y are only rec5t acquirem5ts4 ,9 ! late/ born1 & 9 _m respects ! mo/ advanc$ ( ! great commonweal?s1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 ! corruption ( a numb] ( ! inf]ior c\rts is und5iable1 & is tol]at$ ) a mo/ disappo9t+ pati5ce by ! p4 ,9 ,engl& ,judge ,jeffries is no v remote memory1 & ,"l ,bacon's acceptance ( pres5ts f litigants 9 8 c\rt has only be5 made m c]ta9 by rec5t inve/igations4 ,an absolutely hone/ int5tion to give ev5-h&$ ju/ice to all is1 !re=e1 ev5 9 ,engl&1 only a rec5t atta9m5t1 & 9 no c\ntry is ! hone/ int5tion always successful 9 realis+ itself4 ,b if ?is be s among ! civilis$ nations ( ! ,we/1 we may say t 9 ,ori5tal c\ntries !re has be5 little ( sy/ematic & cont9u\s ef=t to give ev5-h&$ ju/ice at all4 ,yet n[h]e has ! s9fulness & ! de/ructiv5ess ( corruption 9 judgm5t be5 m impassion$ly & m frequ5tly set =? by ! highe/ au?orities 9 religion & morals1 ?an 9 ! ,ea/4 ,tupp]1 our mo/ rec5t au?ority1 9 writ+ ( ,our ,indian ,protectorate1 p4 #bhi1 describes ! ,indian attitude to law ?us3 ,!re 0 n t rev]5ce = law :i* 9 ,europe is 9 all probability v l>gely due to ! influ5ce ( ! ,roman law1 & to ! tea*+ ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic & o!r ,*ri/ian ,*ur*es4 ,s f> z !re 0 a g]m out ( :i* ! respect = law ought to h gr[n1 x 0 to be f\nd 9 dislike to actions pla9ly oppos$ to cu/om & tradition4 ,!re 0 a deeply root$ & widespread conviction t !re c\ld be no rule to :i* exceptions c\ld n be made1 if agreeable to ! discretion ( ! *ief or any ( 8 delegates4 ,! *ief 0 set above ! law2 x did n limit 8 au?ority by any con/itution4 ,!re 0 no legislation = ! improvem5t ( law4 ,! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice 0 extremely imp]fect4 ,! same writ] describes ! result ( su* a /ate ( m9d 9 8 picture ( ,mahratta rule 7p4 #bdg74 ,!re 01 he says1 no prescrib$ =m ( trial4 ,m5 7 seiz$ on slight suspicions4 ,presumptions ( guilt 7 freely made4 ,torture 0 employ$ to compel confession4 ,prison]s = !ft 7 (t5 :ipp$ at int]vals to make !m discov] :]e ! /ol5 prop]ty 0 hidd54 ,ord9>ily no law 0 ref]r$ to except 9 cases affect+ religion4 ,t !re 7 bo? ,h9du codes & ,mohamm$an codes 9 exi/5ce :i* claim$ & 7 believ$ to h ,div9e au?ority made no diff]5ce 9 ,india4 ,nor does x make any 9 ,p]sia to-day4#ajg #ajg ,see ante1 p4 #cjd4 ,n[1 9 com+ to ! consid]ation ( ! views ( ju/ice embodi$ 9 ,old ,te/am5t law1 & ! quality ( ! judici>y 9 anci5t ,israel1 we mu/ take n ,we/]n b ,ea/]n ideas z our /&>d4 ,judg+ f t po9t ( view1 x %\ld create no prejudice 9 our m9ds if we f9d on ! fir/ glance t all m5 7 n equal be=e ! anci5t law ( ,israel2 t = a consid]able p]iod1 if n dur+ ! :ole political exi/5ce ( ,israel1 !re 0 no v ext5sive writt5 law2 & t arbitr>y & corrupt judgm5t 0 only too common at all times4 ,= none ( ^! defects w\ld indicate 9 anci5t ,israel ! same evils z simil> defects 9 nations ( our "t w\ld indicate4 ,!y are r defects 9 ! process ( be+ ov]come1 ?an defects aris+ f feeble or vitiat$ life4 ,if !re 0 a con/ant movem5t t[>ds ! highe/ /ate ( ?+s1 t is all we c dem& or expect to f9d4 ,n[ !re does seem to h be5 t4 ,z has be5 well po9t$ out by ,dr4 ,oort1#ajh 9 ! tribes :i* became ,israel ju/ice mu/ h be5 adm9i/]$ by ! heads ( ! v>i\s bodies :i* w5t to make ^! up4 ,! h\sehold 0 rul$ ev5 9 matt]s ( life & dea? solely by ! fa!r2 ! family1 9 ! wid] s5se1 0 judg$ by its own heads2 ! tribes by ! eld]s ( ! tribes1 & !re probably 0 no appeal f "o tribunal to ano!r4 ,ea* tribunal 0 f9al 9 its own doma94 ,x may be1 also1 t ! judicial function 0 9 all ^! bodies ex]cis$ 9 ! lax & timid fa%ion common among ,b$\9 tribes to-day4#aji ,9 all cases1 too1 x is probable t 9 ! pre-,mosaic "t ! /&>d ( judgm5t 0 cu/om>y law4 ,only ) ?is v great modification c ,oort's epigrammatic description ( ! situation--,!re 0 no law1 b !re 7 giv]s ( legal decisions--be accept$4 ,s f> z c be asc]ta9$1 ! cu/oms accord+ to :i* m5 7 expect$ to live 7 p]fectly well kn[n1 & )9 c]ta9 n>r[ limits ( v>iation 7 extraord9>ily /able4 ,h[ /able cu/om>y law may be made1 ev5 9 ! mid/ ( a society gov]n$ 9 ! ma9 accord+ to writt5 law 9 its /ricte/ s5se1 may be se5 9 ! execration :i* any brea* ( ! ,ul/] cu/om ( t5ant "r met )1 be=e t cu/om 0 embodi$ 9 any /atutes4 ,& 9 antiquity ! /r+5cy ( cu/om c h>dly be exagg]at$4 ,"u x1 :5 ?or\ghly e/abli%$1 !re 01 9 all ! cases cov]$ by x1 only ?is "o way ( act+ = all1 bo? m5 & wom51 :o 7 fit = society at all4 ,any alt]native c\rse 0 probably inconceivable 9 ! tribal /age ( ! ,israelites' exi/5ce4 #ajh ,cf4 ,oud-,isral ,re*tswez51 pp4 #aj ff4 #aji ,cf4 ,d\ghty1 ,arabia ,des]ta1 vol4 i41 p4 #bdi4 ,b a *ange w\ld d\btless be wr\ght :5ev] ! appo9tm5t ( a k+ took place4 ,!n national law w\ld appe>1 9 embryo at lea/2 & at fir/1 until cu/om _h gr[n up 9 ?is region also1 x w\ld l>gely be an expression ( ! w ( ! k+1 & ( ! royal (fic]s in/ruct$ & tra9$ by ! k+4 ,b x w\ld h free & un*all5g$ c\rse only :5 x claim$ au?ority 9 matt]s ly+ outside ( ! family & tribal jurisdictions4 ,:]ev] x attempt$ to int]f]e ) tribal or family rights1 dang] to ! k+%ip ( ! mo/ acute k9d w\ld be sure to arise4 ,9 all probability1 x 0 disreg>d ( ?is axiomatic tru? :i* made ,solomon's reign s burd5some to ! p & tore ! k+dom asund] "u ,rehoboam4 ,ahab too fell a victim to 8 disreg>d ( x4 ,la/ly1 ! introduction ( elaborate writt5 codes ( law w\ld1 if x came z ! cr[n ( su* a developm5t1 depose cu/om f its supremacy1 ?\gh x w\ld n aboli% x2 & w\ld sub/itute = x z ! ma9 elem5t 9 all judicial matt]s ! writt5 prescription1 :i* is ! necess>y presupposition ( a fully organis$ judici>y ( ! mod]n type1 ) a regulat$ & def9ite p[] ( appeal4 ,b 9 ! case ( anci5t ,israel !re is a di/+ui%+ elem5t :i* has to be fitt$ into ?is ord9>y s*eme ( progression1 & t is ! ,div9e revelation to ,moses4 ,tak5 up at ! tribal /age by ! ,mosaic revelation1 ! ,israelite tribes 7 t\*$ & weld$ into coh]5ce1 if n q z a nation1 at lea/ z ! p ( ,yahweh1 s t dur+ all ! di/ract+ days ( ! ,judges !y kept up 9 ess5tials _! social & religi\s unity4#aaj ,& ) ! religi\s union !re mu/ h come adm9i/rative uni=mity to "s consid]able ext5t4 ,! jurisdiction ( ! heads ( h\seholds1 ( heads ( families1 & ( ! tribal eld]s w\ld be z little int]f]$ ) z possible2 b1 z we h se51 all cu/oms & rights _h to be review$ f ! po9t ( view ( ! new religion1 & appeal to ,moses z ! prophet ( x mu/ h (t5 be5 unavoidable4 ,j z 8 fir/ foll[]s 7 cont9ually com+ to ,mohamm$1 to ask :e!r ?is or t anci5t cu/om c\ld be foll[$ by pr(essors ( ,islam1 s !re mu/ h be5 con/ant appeals to ,moses4 ,s long z he liv$1 !re=e1 he1 & aft] him ,jo%ua & ,moses' fell[-tribesm5 ! sons ( ,levi1 z be+ specially zeal\s = ! religion ( ,yahweh1 mu/ h be5 con/antly call$ 9 to assi/ ! cu/om>y judges2 & s ! habit ( appeal mu/ h gr[n 9 ,israel long be=e !re 0 any k+4 ,?us also a common /&>d ( judgm5t w\ld be e/abli%$4 ,t /&>d mu/ necess>ily h be5 ! law ( ,yahweh1 i4e4 ! new ,yahwi/ic pr9ciples & all t might prima facie be d$uc$ f !m1 toge!r ) s mu* ( cu/om & tradition z _h be5 accept$ z compatible ) ^! pr9ciples4 ,we h /at$ ! reasons = hold+ t ! ,decalogue 0 ,mosaic1 & ! ,book ( ! ,cov5ant may be tak5 also to repres5t :at ! curr5t law 9 ,mosaic or sub-,mosaic "t 0 held to be4 ,z ,oort well says 7loc4 cit471 :5 we "k t ! ,hittites ab\t ! middle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury ,b4,c4 conclud$ a treaty ) ,rameses ,,ii4 ( ,egypt ! t]ms ( :i* 7 writt5 ^u a silv] plate1 :y may !re n also h be5 writt5 /atem5ts reg>d+ ! mutual rights & duties ( ! p ( a t[n1 engrav$ ^u /one or metal1 & set =? op5ly = inspection8 ,:at he conf9es to m]e t[n bus9ess & ref]s to ! "t ( ! ,judges1 we may )\t risk ext5d to a g5]al fundam5tal law l ! ,decalogue1 or ev5 to ! ,book ( ! ,cov5ant1 & date x 9 ! "t ( ,moses4 ,writ+ 0 s common an accompli%m5t 9 ,canaan be=e ! ,exodus1 t su* a supposition is n 9 ! lea/ improbable4 ,^! writt5 laws =m$ ! cr[n ( ! law ( ,yahweh1 & by !m all ! re/ 0 rais$ to a high] level & trans=m$4 #aaj ,cf4 ,n[ack1 ,die sozial5 ,probleme 9 ,israel1 p4 #e4 ,z new m51 new times1 & new difficulties arose1 ! prie/ became ! special organ ( ,div9e direction4 ,x may be t ! prie/ly ,torah 0 l>gely ! result ( ! sacr$ lot2 b ! que/ions t 7 put1 & ! mann] 9 :i* !y 7 put1 w\ld be decid$ ultimately by ! conception ! prie/ _h ( ! tru? ab\t ,god4 ,! tea*+ ( ! ,decalogue w\ld !re=e be ! dom9ant & =mative p[] 9 all t 0 spok5 by ! prie/ & = ,yahweh4 ,9 ! disorganis$ /ate into :i* ,israel fell dur+ ! "t ( ! ,judges1 :51 z ,deut]onomy takes = grant$1 & z #a ,k+s iii4 #b & #c ass]ts1 ! legitimate wor%ip ( ,yahweh 0 c>ri$ on at _m c5tres1 ! sub/antial sam5ess ( ! tradition z to ! hi/ory ( ,israel1 9 all ! v>i$ =ms 9 :i* we enc\nt] x1 is pro( suffici5t t at ea* ( ! great sanctu>ies 7:i* 7 c]ta9ly 9 ! h&s ( ,levitical prie/s7 ! treasure ( anci5t k1 bo? 9 law & hi/ory1 0 c>efully & accurately pres]v$4#aaa ,new decisions w\ld be giv51 b !y came ?r\gh m5 p5etrat$ ) ! high ?\ghts ( ,god1 & ( ,8 p's de/9y1 :i* ,moses _h s fruitfully set =?4 ,?is 0 ! elem5t 9 ! life ( ! p :i* all ! high] m9ds /rove to p]petuate1 &1 be+ spiritual1 x spiritualis$ & rais$ all accessory ?+s4 ,consequ5tly !re 01 long be=e ! k+%ip1 :at 0 equival5t to a national feel+ ( ! highe/ k9d1 & ! conception ( ju/ice & its adm9i/ration correspond$ to t4 #aaa ,oort1 ,oud-,isral ,re*tswez51 p4 #ad4 ,9 ! ,book ( ! ,cov5ant1 :i* 9 ?is matt] repres5ts s e>ly a p]iod t !re is no m5tion ( judges1 only ( ,pelilim1#aab i4e4 arbitrators 7,exod4 xxi4 #bb71 s t ! tribal & family heads c alone h ex]cis$ judicial functions1 we f9d ! mo/ solemn w>n+s aga9/ any legal p]v]sion ( "r to ga9 popul>ity1 aga9/ yield+ to ! vulg> temptation to oppress ! poor1 or to ! subtl] &1 = g5]\s m9ds1 m insidi\s temptation1 to give an unju/ judgm5t out ( pity = ! poor4 ,israel 01 moreov]1 to keep f> f brib]y1 :i* bl9de? !m t h sight1 & p]v]te? righte\s causes4 ,9 no way 0 ! law to be us$ = crim9al or oppressive purposes4 ,f ! v fir/1 !re=e1 9 ,israel ! high] pr9ciples ( fai? & life set !mselves to combat outrance ! t5d5cy to unju/ judgm5t1 :i* seems n[1 at lea/1 q in]adicable 9 ! ,ea/1 save among ! ,b$\94#aac #aab ,a probable p>allel to ^! may be f\nd 9 ! non-(ficial arbit]s m5tion$ by ,d\ghty1 ,arabia ,des]ta1 vol4 i4 pp4 #ade & #ejb-c4 #aac ,d\ghty1 vol4 i41 p4 #bdi4 ,a /ill high] note is /ruck 9 ! repetition ( ! law 9 ! ,book ( ,deut]onomy4 ,9 *ap4 i41 orig9ally "p ( a hi/oric introduction to ! book prop]1 we read3 ,he> ! causes betwe5 y\r bre?r51 & judge righte\sly betwe5 a man & 8 bro!r1 & ! /rang] t is ) him4 ,ye %all n respect p]sons 9 judgm5t2 ye %all he> ! small & ! great alike2 ye %all n be afraid ( ! face ( man2 = ! judgm5t 7i4e4 ! :ole judicial process & function7 is ,god's2 & ! cause t is too h>d = y ye %all br+ unto me 7,moses71 & ,i w he> x4 ,yes1 ! judgm5t is ,god's4 ,j z ! :ole ( moral duty t[>ds man 0 rais$ by ! ,decalogue to a new & m intimate relation ) ,god1 s "h ju/ice1 ! fundam5tal necessity ( a s\nd & /able political /ate1 is lift$ out ( ! conflict ( mean & selfi% motives1 9 :i* x mu/ ev5tually g d[n1 & is set on high z a matt] 9 :i* ! righte\s ,god is supremely conc]n$4 ,9 ?is1 z 9 all ?+s1 ,israel 0 call$ to a lonely em95ce ( ideal p]fection by ! "* ( ! ,god :om !y 7 b\nd to s]ve4 ,!re=e x /rikes u ) no surprise t ju/ice is insi/$ ^u almo/ ) passion 9 ,deut4 xvii4 #bj3 ,ju/ice1 ju/ice %alt ?\ pursue aft]1 t ?\ maye/ live & possess ! l& :i* ,yahweh ?y ,god give? !e2 or t x is made "o ( ! conditions ( ,israel's p]man5ce z a nation4 ,9 *ap4 xxiv4 #ag we read1 ,?\ %alt n wre/ ! judgm5t ( ! /rang]1 nor ( ! fa!rless2 nor take ! wid['s raim5t to pl$ge2 9 xxv4 #a & #b1 ,if !re be a plea betwe5 m51 444 !n !y 7i4e4 ! judges7 %all ju/ify ! righte\s & condemn ! wick$4 ,= any o!r c\rse ( conduct w\ld br+ guilt ^u ! nation 9 ! sight ( ,yahweh2 & h[ jeal\sly t 0 gu>d$ aga9/ is se5 9 ! sacrifice & ritual impos$ = ! purification ( ! p f ! guilt ( a murd] ! p]petrator ( :i* 0 unkn[n 7,deut4 xxi4 #a-i74 ,unaton$ = & disreg>d$1 su* a crime br\ght di/urbance into ^? relations betwe5 ,israel & _! ,god ^u :i* _! v exi/5ce z a nation dep5d$2 & ! disreg>d ( ju/ice1 :]e wrongs 7 committ$ by kn[n p]sons & 7 left unpuni%$1 0 ( c\rse m deadly4 ,s ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy look$ ^u x2 & ! prophets1 f ! fir/ ( !m to ! la/1 br& unju/ judgm5t1 ! p]v]t+ ! c\rse ( legal ju/ice1 z ! mo/ al>m+ sign ( national decay4 ,! righte\s ,god1 ) :om !re 0 no respect ( p]sons1 c\ld n p]man5tly fav\r a p ^: judges & rul]s disreg>d$ righte\sness2 & :5 de/ruction actually came ^u ?is p1 x 0 proclaim$ to be ,god's do+1 because !re 0 no tru? nor ju/ice nor k ( ,god 9 ! l&4 ,n[h]e 9 ! _w1 !re=e1 has ! dem& = ju/ice be5 made m c5tral ?an "h1 & n[h]e has inju/ice be5 m passionately f\ght aga9/4 ,nor h ! sanctions b9d+ to a pursuit ( ju/ice be5 at any p]iod m nobly or m vividly conceiv$4 ,9 ?is ma9 po9t1 !re=e1 ,israel's law /&s irreproa*able--m>vell\sly s1 consid]+ its great antiquity4 ,b we h /ill to inquire :e!r any really adequate provision 0 made = ! g5]al & inexp5sive adm9i/ration ( ju/ice4 ,to take ! latt] fir/1 law 0 9 old ,israel probably z *eap z x w\ld be 9 ! primitive ,ea/ to-day1 if brib]y 7 to be /opp$4 ,to advise z to ! sacr$ law1 to plead = ju/ice accord+ to x1 did n !n1 & does n n[ 9 simil> circum/ances1 belong to any special pr(essional class :o live by x4 ,! prie/ c\ld be appeal$ to freely by all2 & ! heads ( fa!rs' h\ses1 z well z ! tribal heads1 71 by ! v fact t !y 7 su*1 b\nd to give judgm5t among _! p1 & to appe> = & take responsibility = !m :5 !y _h a cause ) p]sons beyond ! limits ( ! p>ticul> families & tribes4 ,ju/ice1 consequ5tly1 0 9 ord9>y circum/ances p]fectly free to all4 ,& f a v e>ly "t e>ne/ ef=ts 7 made to make x equally accessible4 ,at fir/1 :5 ! p 7 9 "o army or tra91 be=e !y came to ,s9ai1 an ov]:elm+ burd5 0 laid ^u ,moses4 ,z ! prophet ( ! new disp5sation all difficulties 7 br\ght to him4 ,b at ,je?ro's sugge/ion1 z ,,je tells u 9 ,exod4 xviii4 #ac ff41 & z ,deut]onomy repeats 9 *ap4 i4 #af1 he *ose m5 ( ea* tribe1 or took ! heads ( ea* tribe1 & set !m z capta9s ( ?\s&s & hundr$s & fifties & t5s4 ,n improbably ?is 0 prim>ily a milit>y organisation1 b to ^! capta9s 0 committ$ also jurisdiction ov] ^? "u !m4 ,9 all ord9>y cases !y judg$ !m & _! families 9 ! _s ( ,yahwism1 z well z comm&$ !m2 & 9 ?is way1 z has already be5 po9t$ out1 ! cu/om>y law 0 revis$ 9 accordance ) ,yahwi/ic pr9ciples4 ,ju/ice too 0 br\ght to e man's door4 ,! only "q t sugge/s itself is1 :e!r ^! capta9-judges 7 ! ord9>y family & tribal heads1 organis$ = ?is purpose by ,moses4 ,on ! :ole ?is w\ld seem to h be5 s1 & x may well be t ,je?ro's sugge/ion _h 9 view ! dang] ( ignor+ !m1 z well z ! burd5 :i* ,moses' sole judge%ip laid ^u him4 ,b ) ! advance to ! conque/ ( ,canaan a new situation em]g$1 & ! probability is t m & m1 z ! tribes fell into entire or semi-isolation1 ! tribal organisation 9 its natural %ape w\ld come to ! front aga94 ,deut]onomy1 h[ev]1 tells u little if any?+ ( ?is4 ,9 ! ma9 passage reg>d+ ?is matt] 7xvii4 #h-ac71 :]e provision is made = an appeal to a c5tral c\rt1 ! legislation is entirely = a p]iod mu* lat] ?an ,moses4 ,l ! law reg>d+ sacrifice at "o alt>1 ! judicial provisions ( ,deut]onomy seem all to be b\nd up ) ! place :i* ,yahweh %all *oose1 viz4 ! ,solomonic ,temple 9 ,j]usalem4 ,we may consequ5tly conclude t ! judicial arrangem5ts to :i* ,deut]onomy alludes exi/$ only aft] ! ,israelite k+%ip _h be5 = "s "t e/abli%$ at ,j]usalem4 ,we h no di/9ct evid5ce = ! exi/5ce ( a c5tral high c\rt 9 ,david's days2 & f ! /ory ( ,absalom's rebellion we %\ld ga!r t ! old1 simple ,ori5tal me?od /ill prevail$1 accord+ to :i* ! k+1 l ! heads ( tribes1 families1 etc41 judg$ e "o :o came to him1 p]sonally1 at ! gate ( ! royal city4 ,b ,samuel is said 9 #a ,sam4 vii4 #af to h annually gone on circuit to ,be!l1 ,gilgal1 & ,mizpah4 ,accord+ to ! s*ool ( ,wellhaus51 ne>ly ! :ole ( ?is *apt] is ! "w ( a ,deut]onomic writ] ab\t ! ye> #fjj4 ,9 t case1 ( c\rse1 x w\ld be difficult to prove t ! arrangem5t attribut$ to ,samuel 0 n a m]e e*o ( :at 0 done 9 ,josiah's day2 ?\gh1 if ! ,deut]onomic prescriptions 7 c>ri$ out !n1 !re w\ld be no ne$ = su* a sy/em4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if ,budde & ,cornill be "r 9 trac+ ! *apt] back to ,,je1 ?is habit ( go+ on circuit mu/ h be5 an anci5t "o1 possibly dat+ f ,samuel's "t4 ,t ?is latt] view is ! correct "o is 9 a degree confirm$ by ! /atem5t 9 viii4 #b t ,samuel's sons 7 in/all$ by him z judges 9 ,israel1 at ,be]%eba4 ,?is belongs to ,e1 & x w\ld seem to indicate ! beg9n+s ( su* a sy/em z ,deut]onomy presupposes4 ,b x is only 9 ! days ( ,jeho%aphat 7#hgc-hdi ,b4,c47 t an arrangem5t l t 9 ,deut]onomy is m5tion$4 ,f #b ,*ron4 xix4 #e ff4 we le>n t he set judges 9 ! l& ?r\gh\t all ! f5c$ cities ( ,judah1 city by city4 ,moreov] 9 ,j]usalem did ,jeho%aphat set ( ! ,levites & ( ! prie/s1 & ( ! heads ( ! fa!rs' h\ses1 = ! judgm5t ( ,yahweh & = controv]sies4 ,fur!r1 x is /at$ t ,am>iah ! *ief prie/ 0 set ov] ! judges 9 ,j]usalem 9 all ,yahweh's matt]s1 i4e4 9 all religi\s que/ions1 & ,zebadiah ! son ( ,i%mael ! pr9ce ( ! h\se ( ,judah 9 all ! k+'s matt]s1 i4e4 9 all secul> affairs4 ,( c\rse few advanc$ critics w admit t ! ,books ( ,*ronicles are reliable 9 su* matt]s4 ,b t judgm5t is altoge!r too sweep+1 & "h we w\ld seem to h a well-au!nticat$ record ( :at ,jeho%aphat actually did4 ,= x w be obs]v$1 t :5 we take up ! v>i\s notices 9 reg>d to ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice1 we h a well-def9$ progress f ,moses to ,jeho%aphat4 ,moses 0 *ief judge & committ$ ord9>y cases to ! tribal & family heads :o 7 *os5 z milit>y lead]s1 ea* judg+ 8 own deta*m5t4 ,aft] pass+ ! ,jordan1 ! :ole matt] w\ld seem to h fall5 back into ! h&s ( ! tribal heads1 ) ! occasional help ( ! h]oes :o deliv]$ & judg$ ,israel4 ,at ! end ( ?is p]iod ,samuel1 z head ( ! ,/ate1 w5t on circuit1 & appo9t$ 8 sons judges 9 ,be]%eba1 ?us initiat+ a new sy/em1 :i*1 _h x be5 successful1 might h sup]s$$ ! tribal & family heads altoge!r4 ,b x 0 a failure1 & 0 n repeat$4 ,) ! rise ( ! k+%ip ! c\rts receiv$ fur!r organisation4 ,if ! ,*ronicl] c be tru/$1 ,levites to ! numb] ( six ?\s& 7 appo9t$ to be judges & ,%ot]im4 ,! numb] seems excessive2 b ! appo9tm5t ( ,levites to act z assessors ) ! tribal & o!r heads w\ld be a natural exp$i5t = a k+ l ,david to h rec\rse to1 if he desir$ to secure uni=mity ( judgm5t1 & to br+ ! c\rts "u 8 p]sonal influ5ce4 ,! next /ep w\ld naturally be t :i* is attribut$ to ,jeho%aphat1 & x is precisely t :i* ,deut]onomy po9ts to z be+ already at "w 9 8 "t4 ,we h1 consequ5tly1 m ?an ! late au?ority ( ! ,*ronicl] = ,jeho%aphat's high c\rt4 ,! probabilities ( ! case po9t s /rongly to ! rise ( "s su* judicial sy/em ab\t t p]iod1 t x w\ld require "s positive pro(1 n m]e negative suspicion1 to lead u to reject ! n>rative4 ,9 any case ?is mu/ h be5 ! sy/em 9 ,josiah's day1 & aft]w>ds4 ,= :5 ,j]emiah 0 arraign$ = prophesy+ de/ruction to ! ,temple & to ,j]usalem1 ! process aga9/ him 0 conduct$ on simil> l9es to ^? laid d[n 9 ,deut]onomy4 ,! pr9ces judg$1 ! prie/s 7curi\sly en\gh along ) ! false prophets7 made ! *>ge1 i4e4 /at$ t ! prophet's conduct 0 wor?y ( dea?1 & ! pr9ces acquitt$4 ,dur+ ! ,exile x is probable t ! eld]s ( ! p 7 p]mitt$ to judge !m 9 all ord9>y cases1 b we h no c]ta9 pro( t ?is 0 s4 ,aft] ! return f ,babylon1 h[ev]1 ! local c\rts 7 re-e/abli%$1 probably 9 ! v =m 9 :i* !y appe> 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t 7,matt4 v4 #bb1 x4 #ag2 ,m>k xiii4 #i2 ,luke xii4 #ad-eh74 ,?r\gh\t ! :ole hi/ory ( ,israel1 !re=e1 c\rts ( ju/ice 7 easily accessible to e man1 :e!r he 7 ri* or poor4 ,no d\bt ! free1 op5-air1 ,ea/]n mann] ( adm9i/]+ ju/ice 0 fav\rable to t2 b f ! days ( ,moses onw>d we h fairly conclusive pro( t ! lead]s ( ! p made x _! cont9ual c>e t :]ev] a wrong 0 suff]$ !re %\ld be "s c\rt to :i* an appeal = r$ress c\ld be made4 ,! ju/ice aim$ at 9 ,israel 01 !re=e1 imp>tial & accessible4 ,we h /ill to inquire :e!r x 0 m]ciful or cruel 9 its infliction ( puni%m5t4 ,dr4 ,oort says x 0 a h>d law 9 ?is respect1 b "o is at a loss to see h[ t view c be su/a9$4 ,!re is no m5tion ( torture 9 connection ) legal proce$+s1 ei!r 9 ! hi/ory or 9 ! legislation4 ,nor is !re any in/ance m5tion$ 9 :i* an accus$ p]son 0 imprison$ until he confess$4 ,inde$ imprisonm5t w\ld n appe> to h be5 a legal puni%m5t 9 ,israel1 nor 9 any antique /ate4 ,! idea ( provid+ ma9t5ance = ^? :o _h (f5d$ aga9/ ! law 0 "o :i* c\ld nev] h occurr$ to any "o 9 antiquity4 ,prisons are1 ( c\rse1 frequ5tly m5tion$ 9 ,scripture2 b !y 7 us$1 up to ! "t ( ,ezra1 only = ! safe-keep+ ( p]sons *>g$ ) crime till !y c\ld be br\ght be=e ! judges4 ,sometimes1 z 9 ! case ( ! prophets1 m5 7 imprison$ to prev5t !m f /irr+ up ! p2 b ?is proc$ure 0 n[h]e sanction$ by law4 ,fur!r1 ! crimes = :i* ! puni%m5t prescrib$ 9 ! anci5t law 0 dea? 7 few4 ,idolatry1 adult]y1 unnatural lu/1 sorc]y1 & murd] or manslaught]1 toge!r ) /rik+ or curs+ p>5ts & kidnapp+--^! 7 all4 ,consid]+ t idolatry & sorc]y 7 high treason 9 its wor/ =ms1 s f> z ?is p 0 conc]n$1 & t impurity ?reat5$ ! family 9 a mu* m direct & imm$iate fa%ion !n ?an x does n[1 :ile ! p 7 naturally incl9$ to x1 "o mu/ wond] t ! li/ ( capital crimes is s %ort4 ,contra/ ?is ) ,black/one's /atem5t 9 reg>d to ,engl& 7quot$ ,ency4 ,brit41 iv41 p4 #ehi73 ,among ! v>iety ( actions :i* m5 are daily liable to commit1 no less ?an "o hundr$ & sixty h be5 decl>$ by ,act ( ,p>liam5t to be felonies )\t b5efit ( cl]gy1 or1 9 o!r words1 to be wor?y ( in/ant dea?4 ,x is only 9 comp>atively rec5t ye>s t ! puni%m5t ( dea? has be5 practically re/rict$ to murd] 9 ,engl&4 ,yet t is almo/ ! case 9 ! anci5t ,jewi% law2 = ! exceptions are su* z w\ld reappe> 9 ,engl& if x 7 m sp>sely populat$ & mann]s 7 r\gh]4 ,9 ,au/ralia1 = example1 highway robb]y "u arms & viol5ce to wom5 are capital crimes1 j because ! c\ntry is sp>sely inhabit$ & ! h\seholds unprotect$4 ,nor 7 ! modes ( dea? inflict$ cruel4 ,only ?ree--viz4 impalem5t1 & burn+1 & /on+--appe> to be s4 ,b x may be believ$ t 9 ! cases contemplat$ by ! law dea? 9 "s less pa9ful mann] _h prec$$ ! two =m]1 z is c]ta9ly ! case 9 ,jo%4 vii4 #ae & #be1 & 9 ,deut4 xxi4 #bb4 ,z = ! latt]1 x mu/ h be5 horrible to look ^u1 b 9 all probability ! crim9al's agony 0 r>ely a prolong$ "o4 ,! o!r me?od ( execution1 by ! sword namely1 0 humane en\gh4 ,dr4 ,oort tells u t mutilations 7 common2 b 8 pro( is only ?is1 t 9 ! treaty betwe5 ! ,hittite k+ & ,rameses ,,ii4 we read1 conc]n+ inhabitants ( ,egypt :o h fl$ to ! l& ( ! ,hittites & h be5 return$1 ,8 "m %all n be put to dea?2 he %all n be puni%$ 9 8 eyes1 nor on 8 m\?1 nor on ! soles ( 8 feet4 ,! same provision is made = ,hittite fugitives4 ,f ?is evid5ce ( ! cu/om ( surr\nd+ peoples1 & f ! fact t ! jus talionis is ann\nc$ 9 ! ,scriptures by ! famili> =mula1 ,eye = eye1 too? = too?1 h& = h&1 foot = foot1 ,dr4 ,oort draws ?is conclusion4 ,b he appe>s to =get t ! jus talionis 0 common to almo/ all ! peoples ( ! anci5t _w1 & is ref]r$ to 9 ! ,p5tateu*1 n z a new pr9ciple1 b z a cu/om com+ d[n f immemorial "t4 ,consequ5tly1 ?\gh !re mu/ once h be5 a "t 9 :i* x 0 c>ri$ out 9 its lit]al =m1 t "t probably 0 pa/ :5 ! laws ref]r+ to x 7 writt54 ,9 ,rome1 & probably 9 o!r l&s :]e ?is cu/om exi/$1 x e>ly gave place to ! cu/om ( giv+ & receiv+ money paym5ts4 ,mo/ probably ?is 0 ! case 9 ,israel1 at lea/ f ! "t ( ! ,exodus4 ,= ! new religion introduc$ by ,moses 0 m]ciful4 ,b ^! ref]5ces to ! pr9ciple ( retaliation tell u no?+ z to ! frequ5cy or o!rwise ( mutilation z a puni%m5t4 ,no in/ance ( mutilation be+ inflict$ ei!r z a retaliation or z a puni%m5t occurs 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & ! probability is t cases 7 nev] num]\s4 ,ap>t f retaliation !y are nev] m5tion$2 & we may1 ,i ?9k1 set x d[n z "o ( ! di/9ctive m]its ( ! ,israelite law t x nev] 0 betray$ into sanction+ ! cutt+ (f ( h&s or feet or e>s or noses z g5]al puni%m5t = crime4 ,b s f> z ! pr9ciple ( ! lex talionis 0 reta9$1 its effect 0 :olesome4 ,x 0 a cont9ual rem9d] t all free ,israelites 7 equals 9 ! sight ( ,yahweh4 ,& n only s1 x en=c$ z well z ass]t$ equality4 ,any poor man mutilat$ by a ri* man c\ld dem& ! infliction ( ! same w\nd ^u 8 oppressor4 ,he c\ld reject 8 excuses1 & refuse 8 money1 & br+ home to him ! tru? t !y _h equal rights & duties4 ,9 ?is way ?is seem+ly h>% law help$ to lay ! f\ndation = our mod]n conception ( humanity1 :i* reg>ds all m5 z bre?r54 ,= ! tea*+ ( our ,"l1 :i* fulfill$ all t ! polity & religion ( anci5t ,israel _h =e%ad[$ ( good1 broke d[n ! walls ( p>tition betwe5 ,jew & ,g5tile1 & made all m5 bre?r5 by reveal+ to !m a common ,fa!r4 ,x surely is /range & sad t ^? :o specially make lib]ty1 equality1 & frat]nity _! wat*words1 h receiv$ s false an impression ( ! religion ( bo? ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts1 t !y pride !mselves on reject+ bo?4 ,:5 all is said1 ! levell+ ( b>ri]s :i* ! cru%+ weight ( ,roman p[] br\ght ab\t1 & ! common me?ods & elem5ts ( ?\ght :i* ! ,greek conque/s _h spread all ov] ! civilis$ _w1 w\ld nev] h made ! bro!rhood ( man ! univ]sally accept$ doctr9e x is4 ,! tru?s :i* made x cr$ible came f ! revelation giv5 by ,god to ,8 *os5 p1 & its f9al & conclusive impulse 0 giv5 to x by ! lips ( ,*ri/4 ,9 face ( t c>d9al fact x is va9 to po9t out z "o ( ! defects ( ?is law t all m5 7 n equal be=e x4 ,wom5 7 n equal ) m51 nor 7 =eign]s nor slaves equal ) freeborn ,israelites2 b ! se$ ( all t lat] times 7 to br+ 0 already !re4 ,! pr9ciples :i* at ! long end ( ! day h aboli%$ slav]y1 rais$ wom5 to ! equal position !y n[ occupy1 & made peace ) =eign]s increas+ly ! desire ( all nations1 _h _! fir/ hold ^u m5 giv5 !m "h4 ,9 all ^! directions ! ,mosaic law 0 epo*-mak+4 ,9 ! fif? comm&m5t1 z well z 9 ! legislation reg>d+ ! puni%m5t ( a rebelli\s son1 ! "m is put ^u ! same level z ! fa!r4 ,h[ev] subord9ate woman's position 9 ! l>g] public life might be1 )9 ! home %e 0 to be respect$4 ,!re1 9 h] true doma91 %e 0 man's equal1 & 0 ackn[l$g$ to h an equal claim to rev]5ce f h] *ildr54 ,9 precisely ! same way ! /rang] 0 fre$ f disability & protect$4 ,9 ! e>lie/ days1 :5 ! ,israelite community 0 /ill be+ =m$1 :ole gr\ps ( /rang]s 7 receiv$ into x & obta9$ full rights1 z = example ! ,k5ites & ,k5izzites4 ,b ?\gh ?is 0 a promise ( :at ,israel 0 ultimately to be to ! _w1 ! necessities ( ! situation1 ! ne$ to keep intact ! treasure ( high] religion :i* 0 committ$ to ?is p1 compell$ ! adoption ( a m sep>ati/ policy4 ,yet 9 no o!r nation ( antiquity 7 /rang]s receiv$ & treat$ ) su* lib]ality & humanity z 9 ,israel4 ,!y 7 freely af=d$ ! protection ( ! law2 !y 71 9 %ort1 receiv$ z a k9d ( half-citiz5s1 ) def9ite rights & duties4#aad ,fur!r1 ?\gh ! g] 0 n b\nd to all ! religi\s practices & rites ( ! ,israelite1 yet he 0 p]mitt$1 & 9 "s cases comm&$1 to take "p 9 _! religi\s wor%ip4 ,if he cons5t$ to circumcise all 8 h\se he might ev5 %>e 9 ! ,passov] fea/4 ,all oppression ( su* an "o 0 also rigor\sly =bidd51 & to a l>ge ext5t ! /rang] %>$ 9 ! b5efits conf]r$ by ! provision = ! poor ( ! l& :i* ! law made compulsory4 #aad ,riehm1 ,h&wrt]bu*1 ,bae?g51 vol4 i41 p4 #dfc4 ,nor 0 ! case o!rwise ) slaves4 ,equality !re 0 n1 & c\ld n be2 b 9 ! provisions = ! emancipation ( ! ,israelite slave & ! introduction ( p5alties = undue h>%ness1 x began to be recognis$ t ! slave /ood1 9 "s degree at lea/1 on ! same level z 8 ma/]--he too 0 a man4 ,tak+ x z a :ole1 !re=e1 ! anci5t _w w be se>*$ 9 va9 = any legislation equal to ?is 9 ! promise & ! pot5cy ( its fundam5tal ideas z to ju/ice4 ,"h1 z n[h]e else1 we c see ! radical pr9ciples :i* %\ld dom9ate 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice lay+ hold ^u mank9d1 & t !re 0 a liv+ w & p[] beh9d ^! pr9ciples is %[n 9 ! /eady movem5t t[>d some?+ high] :i* *>act]is$ ,israelite law4 ,9 ! pursuit ( imp>tiality1 accessibility1 & humanity1 ! tea*]s ( ,israel 7 untir+1 & ! sanctions by :i* !y surr\nd$ & gu>d$ all t t5d$ to make ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice effective 9 ! high s5se 7 unusually solemn & p[]ful4 ,! result has be5 mo/ rem>kable4 ,all ! ages ( civilis$ m5 s9ce h be5 ! heirs ( ,israel 9 ?is matt]4 ,roman influ5ce & ! influ5ce ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* h no d\bt be5 p[]ful1 & ! manifold exig5cies ( life h drawn out & made explicit mu* :i* 0 only implicit 9 ! anci5t days4 ,b ! high] qualities ( our mod]n adm9i/ration ( ju/ice c be trac$ back /ep by /ep to ,biblical pr9ciples1 & ! c\rse ( developm5t laid b>e4 ,:5 t is done1 x is se5 t ! almo/ ideal purity & imp>tiality ( ! be/ mod]n tribunals is ! completion ( :at ! ,israelite law & me?ods began4 ,9 ?is "o in/ance at lea/ ! great ,mosaic pr9ciples h come to fruition2 & f ! security & peace1 ! cont5tm5t & ! confid5ce1 ) :i* imp>tial ju/ice has fill$ ! m9ds ( m51 we c e/imate h[ pot5t to cure ! ills ( our social & moral /ate ! realisation ( ! o!r great ,mosaic ideals w\ld be4 ,x %\ld be a s\rce ( enc\ragem5t to all :o look = a "t :5 ! k+doms ( ?is _w %all become ! k+doms ( our ,"l & ( ,8 ,*ri/1 t some?+ l ! ideal ( ju/ice has s f> be5 realis$4 ,x has no d\bt be5 a we>y "t 9 com+1 & x has z yet b a n>r[ & p]haps prec>i\s foot+ 9 ! _w4 ,b x is "h1 ) its heal+ & b5efic5t activity2 & 9 t fact we may well see a pl$ge t all ! re/ ( ! ,div9ely giv5 ideals = ! ,k+dom ( ,god w "o day be realis$ also4 ,su* a consummation1 h[ev] remote x may seem to our human impati5ce1 h[ev] devi\s & w9d+ ! pa?s by :i* alone x c draw ne>1 w come mo/ surely1 & 9 our approa* to ! ideal 9 our judicial sy/em we may well see ! fir/fruits ( a ri*] & m pl5tiful h>ve/4 ,,*apt] ,,xxii ,,laws ,,( ,,purity 7,,*a/ity ,,& ,,m>riage7 ,9 deal+ ) ! t5 comm&m5ts x has be5 already %[n t1 ?\gh ^! great /atem5ts ( religi\s & moral tru? 7 to "s ext5t inadequate z expressions ( ! highe/ life1 !y yet conta9$ ! liv+ g]ms ( all t has foll[$4 ,b we _c suppose t ! reality ( ,israelite life f ! fir/ correspond$ ) !m4 ,!y conta9$ mu* t only ! exp]i5ce & tea*+ ( ages c\ld fully br+ to light2 !re=e we _c expect t ! actual laws 9 reg>d to ! relations ( ! sexes & ! virtue ( *a/ity %\ld /& ^u ! same high level z ! ,decalogue4 ,! =m] repres5t ! reality1 ?is ! ultimate ideal ( ,israelite law on ^! subjects4 ,b nei!r is unimportant 9 =m+ an e/imate ( ! value ( ! revelation giv5 to ,israel1 & ( ! moral condition ( e>ly ,israel itself1 nor c ei!r be ju/ly view$ altoge!r alone4 ,! actual law at any mom5t 9 ! hi/ory ( ,israel mu/ be reg>d$ z inspir$ & upborne by ! ideal set =? 9 ! t5 comm&m5ts4 ,b x mu/1 at ! same "t1 be a v incomplete realisation ( ^!1 & its v>i\s /ages w be be/ reg>d$ z in/alm5ts ( advance t[>ds t comp>ative p]fection4 ,9 reg>d to ! relations ( ! sexes & ! virtue ( purity ?is mu/ be peculi>ly ! case4 ,= ?\gh *a/ity has be5 safegu>d$ by almo/ all nations up to a c]ta9 l[ po9t1 x has nev] be5 really *]i%$ by any naturali/ic sy/em4 ,nor has x ev] be5 fav\r$ by m]e humanism4#aae ,consequ5tly !re is no po9t ( morals 9 reg>d to :i* man has m conspicu\sly fail$ to "w out ! m]ely animal impulse f 8 nature ?an 9 ?is4 ,& yet1 = all ! high] ends ( life1 z well z = ! prosp]ity & vig\r ( mank9d1 purity 9 ! sexual relations is entirely vital4 ,"o great cause ( ! decay ( nations1 nay1 ev5 ( civilisations1 has be5 ! ab&onm5t ( ?is virtue4 ,?is 0 ! ma9 cause ( ! de/ruction ( ! ,canaanites4 ,x may ev5 be said to h be5 ! cause ( ! wreck ( ! :ole anci5t _w4 ,we %\ld consequ5tly measure :at ! ,mosaic influ5ce did = purity ( life1 n by comp>+ e>ly ,israelite laws ) :at has be5 accompli%$ by ,*ri/ianity1 b ) ! condition ( ! ,semitic peoples surr\nd+ ,israel1 9 & aft] ! ,mosaic times4 #aae ,cf4 ,r5an1 ,philosophic ,dialogues1 iii4 p4 #bf3 ,la nature a intrt ce que la femme soit *a/e et ce que l'homme ne le soit pas trop4 ,de l un ensemble d'op9ions qui c\vre d'infamie la femme non *a/e1 et frappe presque de ridicule l'homme *a/e4 ,et l'op9ion qu& elle e/ pr(onde1 ob/9e1 c'e/ la nature mme4 ,:at t 0 we "k4 ,_! religions1 f> f disc\rag+ sexual immorality1 made x a "p ( _! holie/ rites4 ,bo? m5 & wom5 gave !mselves up to natural & unnatural lu/s1 9 hon\r ( _! gods4 ,to ! nor?1 & s\?1 & ea/1 & we/ ( ,israel ^! practices prevail$1 & z a natural result ! moral fabric ( ^! nations' life fell into utt] ru94 ,9 private life adult]y1 & ! /ill m degrad+ s9 ( ,sodom 7 common4 ,! man _h a "r to indiscrim9ate divorce & rem>riage1 & m>riage connections n[ reckon$ ince/u\s1 su* z ^? betwe5 bro!r & si/]1 7 entirely approv$4 ,9 all ^! po9ts ,israel z a nation 0 )\t reproa*4 ,! high] tea*+ ?is p _h receiv$ 9 respect to ! "* ( ,god1 & x may be "s rem9isc5ce ( ,egyptian cu/om1 :i* 0 9 "s respects pur] ?an t ( ! ,semitic peoples1 rais$ !m to a high] level4 ,yet 9 ! ma9 ! e>ly ,israelite view ( wom5 0 fundam5tally ! uncivilis$ "o4 ,b at all p]iods ( ,israelite hi/ory1 ev5 ! e>lie/1 wom5 _h ass]t$ _! p]sonality4 ,9 ! eye ( ! law !y might be ! *attels ( _! male relatives1 b z a fact !y 7 dealt ) z p]sons1 ) _m p]sonal rights4 ,!y _h no indep5d5t position 9 ! community1 x is true4 ,!y c\ld take no "p 9 a fe/ival s important z ! ,passov]1 nor 7 !y free to make v[s )\t ! cons5t ( _! husb&s4 ,9 o!r ways also social re/ra9ts 7 laid ^u !m4 ,nev]!less _! position 9 e>ly ,israel 0 mu* high] ?an x is 9 ! ,ea/ to-day1 & _! lib]ty 0 9 no wise unreasonably abridg$4 ,9 ,david's day wom5 c\ld appe> 9 public to conv]se ) m5 )\t sc&al4#aaf ,!y also took "p 9 religi\s fe/ivals & processions1 giv+ life to !m by beat+ _! timbrels1 by s++1 & by danc+4#aag ,!y c\ld be pres5t also at all ord9>y sacrifices & at sacrificial fea/s2 &1 z we see 9 ! case ( ,deborah & o!rs1 !y c\ld occupy a high1 almo/ a supreme1 position z prophetesses4 ,9 ! ma91 too1 ! relations betwe5 husb& & wife 7 lov+ & respectful1 & 9 ,israel's be/ days1 :5 ! p /ill rema9$ l&$ yeomanry1 ! wife1 by h] indu/ry )9 ! h\se1 supplem5t$ & complet$ h] husb&'s lab\r 9 ! fields4 ,! ,israelite woman 0 consequ5tly a v important p]son 9 ! community1 :atev] h] /atus 9 law might be2 & if %e _h n ! full rights :i* are n[ grant$ to h] sex 9 ,we/]n & ,*ri/ian l&s1 h] position 0 = ! times a noble & indep5d5t "o4 ,t all ?is 0 s 0 l>gely due to ! improvem5ts :i* ,mosaism wr\ght on ! basis ( t anci5t ,semitic cu/om :i* we sket*$ at ! beg9n+ ( ?is *apt]1 & ) :i* x seems natural to suppose ! ,israelite tribes _h also begun4 #aaf ,cf4 #a ,sam4 xxv4 #ah ff2 #b ,sam4 xiv4 #a ff4 #aag ,cf4 ,exod4 xv4 & #a ,sam4 xviii4 #f f4 ,be>+ ^! prelim9>y consid]ations 9 m9d1 we n[ g on to consid] ! actual legislation 9 reg>d to ! relations ( ! sexes4 ,b "h we mu/ once m recall ! fact t1 9 reg>d to all matt]s vitally affect+ ! community1 !re _h always be5 a cu/om1 & ev5 be=e writt5 law appe>s t cu/om _h be5 adopt$ & modifi$ 9 ,yahwism by ,moses himself4 ,t ?is 0 actually ! case "h is r5d]$ highly probable by ! hi/ory ( legislation 9 ?is matt]4 ,9 ! ,book ( ! ,cov5ant !re is no m5tion ( sexual s91 save 9 "o passage 7,exod4 xxii4 #af71 :]e ! p5alty = s$uction ( a virg9 :o is n betro!d is t ! s$uc] %all (f] a moh> = h]1 & m>ry h] )\t possibility ( divorce1 if h] fa!r cons5t4 ,if he w n1 !n ! moh> is =feit$ to ! fa!r nev]!less1 z comp5sation = ! degradation ( 8 daught]4 ,b x is obvi\s t !re mu/ h be5 laws or cu/oms regulat+ m>riage o!r ?an ?is1 = )\t !m !re c\ld h be5 no su* crime z is "h puni%$4 ,obvi\sly1 also1 !re mu/ h be5 laws or cu/oms ( divorce4 ,b ( :at ^! laws ( m>riage & divorce 7 ,exodus gives u no h9t4 ,deut]onomy1 ! next code1 :i* on ! critical hypo!sis arose at a mu* lat] "t z a revision ( ! ,book ( ! ,cov5ant1 conta9s mu* m1 i4e4 x draws out ( ! obscurity ( unwritt5 cu/om a m ext5sive s]ies ( provisions 9 reg>d to purity4 ,! ,law ( ,hol9ess !n adds l>gely to ,deut]onomy1 & ) x ! ma9 po9ts ( ! law ( purity h atta9$ to writt5 expression4 ,b ! influ5ce ( ! high] /&>d set 9 ! ,decalogue also makes itself felt1--n 9 ! law s mu* z 9 ! hi/oric books & ! prophets--& our task n[ is to trace out fir/ ! legal developm5t1 !n ! prophetical1 & to %[ h[ ! :ole movem5t culm9at$ & 0 cr[n$ 9 ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/4 ,beg9n+ !n ) ,deut]onomy1 we f9d t ! *a/ity ( wom5 0 surr\nd$ by ample safegu>ds4 ,religi\s pro/itution 0 absolutely prohibit$ 7,deut4 xxiii4 #ah74 ,fur!r1 if any viol5ce 0 done to a woman :o _h be5 betro!d1 ! puni%m5t ( ! wrong 0 dea?2 if done to a woman :o 0 n betro!d1 ! wrong 0 aton$ = by paym5t ( fifty %ekels ( silv] to h] fa!r1 & by (f]+ m>riage )\t possibility ( divorce4 ,if m>riage 0 refus$1 !n ! fifty %ekels 0 reta9$ by ! fa!r 9 consid]ation ( ! wrong done him4 ,:5 ! woman 0 a %>] 9 ! guilt ! puni%m5t 9 all cases 0 dea?2 :ile pre-nuptial un*a/ity1 :5 discov]$ aft] m>riage1 0 puni%$1 z adult]y also 01 ) ! same sev]ity4#aah ,9 wom5 :o 7 free1 !re=e1 purity 0 dem&$ 9 ,israel z /r5u\sly z x ev] has be5 any:]e1 ?\gh 9 man ! only limit to sexual indulg5ce 0 ! dem&1 t 9 seek+ x he %\ld n infr+e ^u ! fa!r's prop]ty 9 8 daught]1 or ! husb&'s 9 8 wife or 8 betro!d bride4 #aah ,*ap4 xxii4 #ac-ah4 ,admitt$ly ! orig9al und]ly+ motive = ?is moral sev]ity 0 a l[ "o1 ! m]e propriet>y rights ( ! fa!r or husb&4 ,b x w\ld be a mi/ake to suppose t purely e?ical & religi\s motives _h no place 9 e/abli%+ ! cu/oms or enactm5ts :i* we f9d 9 ,deut]onomy4 ,) ! lapse ( "t high] motives entw9$ !mselves ) ! co>se /r& ( p]sonal propriet>y int]e/1 :i* _h orig9ally1 ?\gh p]haps nev] alone1 be5 ! l9e ( limitation4 ,gradually !re grew up a /&>d ( high] purity2 & :5 ,deut]onomy 0 writt51 ?\gh ! orig9al l9e 0 /ill cle>ly visible1 x 0 ju/ifi$ by appeals to a moral s5se :i* rea*$ f> beyond ! orig9al motives ( ! cu/om>y law4 ,! cont9ually recurr+ burd5 ( ,deut]onomy 9 deal+ ) ^! matt]s is t to "w folly 9 ,israel is a crime = :i* only ! sev]e/ puni%m5t c atone4 ,to ext+ui% ! evil f ,israel1 & to put away su* ?+s z 7 abom9ations to ,yahweh _! ,god1 are ! great reasons on :i* ! writ] ( ,deut]onomy f\nds ! claim = ob$i5ce 9 ^! cases4 ,obvi\sly1 !re=e1 by 8 "t1 "u ! tea*+ ( ! religion ( ,yahweh1 ,israel _h ris5 to a moral height :i* took acc\nt ( grav] int]e/s ?an ! rights ( prop]ty 9 legislat+ = female purity4 ,! cases includ$ 9 ! law _h be5 det]m9$ by consid]ations ( t k9d2 b ! sanctions by :i* ! comm&s 7 buttress$ _h entirely *ang$ _! "*4 ,! hol9ess ( ,god & ! dignity ( man1 ! consid]ation ( :at alone 0 wor?y ( a son ( ,israel1 h tak5 ! place ( ! co>s] sanctions4 ,9 ?is way a possibility ( unlimit$ moral progress 0 secur$1 s9ce ! cause ( purity 0 indissolubly b\nd to ! g5]al & irresi/ible advance ( religi\s & moral enlight5m5t 9 ! *os5 p4 ,moreov] ! p]sonality ( ! woman 0 ackn[l$g$ 9 ! entire acquittal ( ! betro!d woman :o _h be5 expos$ to outrage 9 ! c\ntry1 :]e h] cries c\ld br+ no help4 ,9 ! e>lie/ times mo/ probably ! puni%m5t ( dea? w\ld h be5 inflict$ equally 9 t case1 s9ce ! husb&'s prop]ty _h be5 det]iorat$ to su* a degree z to make x unwor?y ( him4 ,b 9 ! ,deut]onomic provision q o!r ?+s are drawn into ! e/imate4 ,! moral guilt ( ! p]son conc]n$ is n[ ! decisive consid]ation4 ,! woman has ceas$ to be a m]e *attel1 & ! full claims ( h] p]sonality are 9 ! way to be recognis$4 ,^! 7 great advances1 & = ^! x is va9 to seek = o!r causes ?an ! p]si/5t upw>d pressure ( ! ,mosaic religion4 ,! moral sup]iority ( ,israel at ! "t ( ! conque/ ov] ! mu* m cultur$ ,canaanites1 z also ov] ! nomadic tribes to :i* !y 7 m ne>ly relat$1 is due1 z ,/ade says1 ultimately to _! religion2 & no read] ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 9 our "t at lea/1 c fail to see t _! moral progress 9 ! l& !y conqu]$ dep5d$ entirely ^u ! same cause4 ,at ! ,deut]onomic epo* purity _h already be5 plac$ ^u a wor?y basis1 z a moral a*ievem5t ( ! fir/ importance1 & impurity _h tak5 its prop] place z a degrad+ s94 ,b mu* /ill rema9$ to be done be=e ^! pr9ciples c\ld be ext5d$ into all doma9s ( life equally4 ,h[ f> !y _h p5etrat$ 9 e>ly times may p]haps be/ be se5 9 ! ,deut]onomic ref]5ces to divorce4 ,be=e ,deut]onomy !re is no law ( divorce1 nor inde$ is !re any aft] x4 ,we may p]haps ev5 say t !re is 9 x n s mu* ! /atem5t ( a law ( divorce1 z a ref]5ce to cu/om :i* ! writ] wi%es to correct or re9=ce 9 "o p>ticul> respect only4 ,not)/&+ ! ,jewi% view1 !re=e1 :i* f9ds 9 ,deut4 xxiv4 #a-d a divorce law1 we mu/ adduce ! passage z a new & /rik+ pro( ( :at we h all along ass]t$1 t nei!r ,deut]onomy nor any o!r ( ! legal codes c be tak5 z complete /atem5ts ( :at 0 legally p]mitt$ or =bidd5 9 ,israel4 ,beh9d all ( !m !re is a va/ mass ( unwritt5 cu/om>y law1 & divorce 0 d\btless always det]m9$ by x4 ,t ?is 0 ! case w be se5 at once if ! passage we are n[ conc]n$ ) be rightly translat$4 ,x runs ?us3 ,:5 a man take? a wife & m>rie? h]1 & x %all be 7if %e f9d no fav\r 9 8 eyes1 because he ha? f\nd 9 h] "s unseemly ?+7 t he write? h] a bill ( divorcem5t1 & give? x into h] h&1 & s5de? h] out ( 8 h\se1 & %e g =? out ( 8 h\se & goe? & become? ! wife ( ano!r man1 & if ! latt] husb& also hate h]1 & write h] a bill ( divorcem5t1 & give x 9 h] h& & s5d h] out ( 8 h\se1 or if ! latt] husb& die :o took h] to him to wife1 !n h] =m] husb& :o s5t h] away may n take h] aga9 to be 8 wife aft] t %e has p]mitt$ h]self to be defil$4 ,all ! passage provides =1 !re=e1 is t a divorc$ woman %all n be rem>ri$ to ! divorc+ man aft] %e has be5 m>ri$ aga91 ev5 ?\gh %e be sep>at$ f h] second husb& by divorce or dea?4 ,!re is consequ5tly no law ( divorce "h /at$4 ,!re is m]ely a ref]5ce to a g5]al law or cu/om by :i* divorce 0 p]mitt$ = any unseemly ?+1 & accord+ to :i* a *ief wife at any rate c\ld be divorc$ only by a bill ( divorcem5t1 & n by m]e ^w ( m\?1 z is common 9 _m ,ea/]n l&s to-day4 ,mosaic influ5ce may h procur$ ?is la/ slight increase 9 rig\r1 & ,deut]onomy c]ta9ly adds ?ree o!r re/rictions1 viz4 t aft] rem>riage a woman _c be aga9 m>ri$ to h] fir/ husb&1 & t pre-nuptial wrong done to a woman by h] husb&1 or a false accusation by him aft] m>riage1 takes away 8 "r ( divorce altoge!r4 ,b ! woman has no "r ( divorce at all1 s firmly fix$ ?r\gh\t all ,old ,te/am5t "t 0 ! belief 9 ! inf]iority ( wom54 ,on ! :ole1 !re=e1 divorce 9 ,israel rema9$1 aft] ! law _h dealt ) x1 mu* on ! level to :i* ! tribal cu/oms _h br\ght x4 ,s f> z ! legislation dealt ) x1 x t5d$ to re/riction2 b :5 all is said x rema9s true t ! ,israelite law ( divorce 0 9 ! ma9 mu* :at x w\ld h be5 _h !re be5 no revelation4 ,b ! _s ( ! religion ( ,yahweh 0 aga9/ laxity 9 ?is matt]1 & ?is m rigor\s feel+ f9ds expression 9 ! evid5t di/a/e = ! rem>riage ( a divorc$ woman :i* is express$ 9 ,deut4 xxiv4 #d4 ,rem>riage is n =bidd52 b ! woman :o rem>ries is spok5 ( z "o :o has let h]self be defil$4 ,no su* expression c\ld h be5 us$1 _h n rem>riage aft] divorce be5 look$ ^u z some?+ :i* detract$ f p]fect fem99e purity4 ,! legislator evid5tly reg>d$ x z ! high] way = a divorc$ woman to rema9 unm>ri$ s long at lea/ z ! divorc+ husb& liv$4 ,if %e rema9$ s1 ! possibility ( reunion 0 always kept op51 & ! law evid5tly look$ ^u ! ultimate annulm5t ( ! divorce z ! c\rse :i* 0 mo/ consonant ) ! ideal ( m>riage4 ,x is ?us cle>ly se5 h[ our ,"l's /atem5t 7,matt4 xix4 #h7--,moses because ( ! h>dness ( y\r he>ts suff]$ y to put away y\r wives1 b f ! beg9n+ x ha? n be5 s--is true4 ,& :5 we leave ! law & come to hi/ory & prophecy1 we f9d ?is view to h be5 a preval5t "o f e>ly times4 ,9 "o ( ! e>lie/ connect$ hi/orical n>ratives1 t ( ,j 7,g54 ii4 #bd71 ! union ( husb& & wife is said to be s peculi>ly intimate t x makes !m "o body1 s t sep>ation is equival5t to mutilation4 ,& ! prophets rema9 true to ?is conception ( m>riage1 z ! "o :i* fitt$ be/ into _! deep] & l(ti] views ( morality4 ,f ,hosea onw>ds#aai !y repres5t ! indissoluble bond betwe5 ,yahweh & ,8 p z a m>riage relation1 f\nd$ on free *oice & un*angeable love4 ,! possibility ( divorce is no d\bt (t5 admitt$1 & ! conduct ( ,israel is repres5t$ z ju/ify+ t c\rse4 ,b ! prophetic message always is t ! love ( ,god w nev] p]mit ,him to put away ,8 p2 & ! p are (t5 address$ z fai?less & fa9t-he>t$1 because !y yield to ! temptation ( believ+ t ,he has ca/ !m (f 7,isa4 l4 #a74 ,evid5tly1 !re=e1 ! prophetic ideal ( m>riage 0 t x %\ld be indissoluble1 t x %\ld be f\nd$ ^u free mutual love1 & t su* a love %\ld make x impossible = ei!r husb& or wife to give ! o!r up1 h[ev] desp]ate ! errors ( ! guilty "o might h be54 #aai ,hosea ii4 #ai4 ,p]haps ! f9e/ expression ( ?is view occurs 9 ,isa4 liv41 9 ! exhortation address$ to exil$ ,israel & beg9n+ ,s+1 ,o b>r51 ?\ t did/ n be>4 ,!re ! ideal ,israel is urg$ to lay aside all h] fe>s ) ?is assurance3 ,= ?y ,mak] is ?9e husb&2 ,yahweh ( ,ho/s is ,8 "n3 & ?y ,r$eem]1 ! ,holy ,"o ( ,israel1 ! ,god ( ! :ole e>? %all ,he be call$4 ,= ,yahweh ha? call$ !e z a woman =sak5 & griev$ 9 _s2 h[ c a wife ( y\? be reject$8 sai? ?y ,god4 ,! full mean+ ( ?is la/ t\*+ "q has be5 well br\ght out by ,pr(4 ,*eyne 7,isaiah1 ii41 p4 #ee73 ,ev5 _m an e>?ly husb& 7h[ mu* m !n ,yahweh67 _c be> to see ! mis]y ( 8 divorc$ wife1 & !re=e at l5g? recalls h]2 & :5 8 wife is "o :o has be5 woo$ & won 9 y\?1 h[ impossible is x = h] to be absolutely dismiss$4 ,! ris+ tide ( prophetic feel+ on ?is subject culm9ates 9 ! pa!tic sc5e depict$ by ,mala*i1 :o 9 *ap4 ii4 #ab ff4 reproves 8 p = _! cruel & frivol\s use ( divorce4 ,drawn away by love ( idolatr\s wom51 !y _h divorc$ _! ,hebrew wives2 & ^! 9 _! mis]y cr[d$ ! ,temple1 cov]+ ! alt> ( ,yahweh ) te>s & weep+ & sobb+1 till ,he c\ld endure x no m4 ,he _h be5 witness ( ! cov5ant made betwe5 ea* ( ^! m5 & ! wife ( 8 y\?2 yet !y _h brok5 ?is ,div9ely sanction$ bond4 ,he !re=e w>ns !m to take he$1 = ,yahweh ! ,god ( ,israel sai?1 ,i hate putt+ away1 & him :o cov]s 8 g>m5t ) viol5ce4 ,! ,rabb9ic int]pret]s1 n be+ m9d$ to give up ! privilege ( divorce1 h wre/$ ^! words into = ,yahweh ! ,god ( ,israel sai?1 ,if he hate h] put h] away4 ,b1 s wre/$1 ! words br+ d[n ! :ole context 9 "o ru94 ,!y are intelligible only if !y d5\nce divorce1 & 9 ?is s5se !y mu/ und\bt$ly be tak54 ,!re rema9s = consid]ation1 h[ev]1 a m>riage :i* ! ,deut]onomi/ p]mits1 :i* seems to run c\nt] to all ! f9] feel+s & in/9cts ( 8 lat] "t4 ,x is dealt ) 9 *ap4 xxv4 #e-aj1 & is notable because x is a cle> brea* ( ! def9ite rule t a man %\ld n m>ry 8 deceas$ bro!r's wife4 ,b x w be obvi\s at once t ! p]mission ( ?is m>riage /&s ^u q a diff]5t foot+ f ! prohibition4 ,x is p]mitt$ only 9 a special case = def9ite ends2 & :ile ! sanction ( ! prohibition is ! infliction ( *ildlessness 7,lev4 xx4 #ba71 ! man :o refuses to ent] ^u m>riage ) 8 deceas$ bro!r's wife is puni%$ only by be+ put to %ame by h] be=e ! eld]s ( 8 city4 ,we h n "h1 !re=e1 a law 9 ! /rict s5se4 ,x is only a recognition ( a v anci5t cu/om :i* is n yet aboli%$1 ?\gh evid5tly public feel+ 0 beg9n+ to make light ( ! obligation4 ,its place 9 ! tw5ty-fif? *apt]1 away f ! m>riage laws 7:i* are giv5 9 xxi4 #aj ff41 xxii4 #ac ff41 & xxiv4 #a-d71 & among duties ( k9dness1 seems to h9t ?is1 & we may consequ5tly take ! law z a concession4 ,t ! cu/om 0 anci5t 9 ! "t ( ,deut]onomy may be ga!r$ f ! fact t 9 ,hebrew !re is a special te*nical t]m1 yibbm1 = ent]+ on su* a m>riage4 ,! probability is1 inde$1 t levirate m>riage 0 a pre-,mosaic cu/om connect$ ) ance/or-wor%ip4 ,x c]ta9ly is practis$ by _m o!r races1 e4g4 ! ,h9dus & ,p]sians1 ^: religions c be trac$ to t s\rce4 ,"u t sy/em1 x 0 necess>y t ! male l9e ( desc5t %\ld be kept up 9 ord] t ! ance/ral sacrifices might be cont9u$1 & to be> ! exp5se ( ?is ! prop]ty ( ! bro!r dy+ *ildless 0 jeal\sly pres]v$4 ,9 ,india1 at pres5t1 bo? purposes are s]v$ by adoption1 ei!r by ! *ildless man or by ! wid[4 ,9 e>li] times1 :5 fa!rhood 0 to a l>ge ext5t a m]ely juridical relation%ip1#abj :51 t is to say1 x 0 a common ?+ = a man to accept z 8 son any *ild born ( wom5 "u 8 control1 :e!r he 7 ! fa!r or n1 ! same end 0 also atta9$ by ?is m>riage4#aba ,orig9at+ 9 ?is way1 ! practice 0 c>ri$ ov] into ! ,israelite social life :5 x *ang$ its =m1 & ! motives = x 7 !n br\ght into l9e ) ! new & high] religion4 ,! motive ( keep+ alive ! "n & memory ( ! *ildless man 0 sub/itut$ = t ( secur+ ! cont9uance ( 8 wor%ip2 & ! purpose ( secur+ ! p]man5ce ( prop]ty1 l&$ prop]ty especially1 9 ea* h\sehold1 0 sub/itut$ = t ( supply+ means = ! sacrifice4 ,lat]1 ! motive connect$ ) ! transmission ( prop]ty possibly became ! ma9 "o4 ,=1 s9ce ! levirate m>riage came 91 accord+ to ! /rict word+ ( our passage1 :5ev] a man di$ )\t a son1 :e!r he _h daught]s or n1 ?is m>riage w\ld seem to h be5 an alt]native means ( keep+ ! prop]ty 9 ! family to t ( lett+ ! daught]s inh]it4#abb ,b ! _s ( ! high] religion1 z well z a m advanc$ civilisation1 0 unfav\rable to x4 ,! cu/om evid5tly 0 )]+ :5 ,deut]onomy 0 writt51 ?\gh 9 ,judaism x 0 n disall[$ till po/-,talmudic times4 #abj ,! ,primitive ,family1 ,/>cke1 p4 #ada4 #aba ,inde$ 9 ,india x 0 n only ! wid[ ( ! *ildless man :o might be> him a son ^: real fa!r 0 a ne> relation1 b 8 *ildless wife also4--,ma9e1 ,e>ly ,law1 p4 #ajb4 #abb ,t ! latt] c\rse may 9 "s cases h be5 unpopul> ) ! sonless man's ne>e/ k9 is cle>1 s9ce "u x ! inh]itance mu/ be divid$1 & x might pass to remot] connections1 ?\gh n beyond ! tribe4 ,! ne>] relations w\ld1 !re=e1 probably pref] t _! bro!r's prop]ty %\ld be kept intact & be transmitt$ ) 8 "n1 & ?is anci5t cu/om1 sanction$ & modifi$ by ,mosaism1 w\ld give !m t *oice4 ,! impression1 !re=e1 :i* ! laws & cu/oms regulat+ ! relations ( m5 & wom5 9 ,israel give to ! c&id /ud5t mu/ be pron\nc$ to be a /rangely mix$ "o4 ,x w\ld probably n be too mu* to say t x is at fir/ a deeply disappo9t+ "o4 ,we h be5 accu/om$ to fill all ! ,old ,te/am5t utt]ances on ?is subject ) ! suffus$ light ( ,gospel precept & example1 till we h lo/ sight ( ! l[] elem5ts und5iably pres5t 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t laws & ideas conc]n+ purity4 ,b t is no long] possible4 ,:e!r ( enmity or ( zeal = ! tru?1 ^! less wor?y elem5ts h be5 dragg$ =? into ! broad light ( day1 & 9 t light we are call$ ^u to readju/ our ?\ghts s z to accept & acc\nt = !m4 ,evid5tly at ! beg9n+ ! ,israelite tribes accept$ ! uncivilis$ idea ( woman4 ,on t z a basis1 h[ev]1 cu/oms & laws reg>d+ *a/ity1 m>riage & divorce 7 adopt$1 :i* transc5d$ & pass$ beyond t fundam5tal idea4 ,! moral complicity ( woman1 or h] innoc5ce1 9 cases :]e h] *a/ity _h be5 attack$1 came to be tak5 into acc\nt4 ,polygamy1 ?\gh nev] =bidd51 receiv$ griev\s w\nds f prophets & o!rs ( ! sacr$ writ]s2 & z m>riage ) "o became m & m ! ideal1 ! high] tea*]s ( ! p kept ! indissolubl5ess ( m>riage be=e ! public m9d1 till ,mala*i d5\nc$ divorce 9 ,yahweh's "n4 ,9 reg>d to ! b>s to m>riage !re 0 little *ange1 probably1 f ! days ( ,moses2 b ! old family rules 7 re9=c$ by a deep & delicate reg>d = ev5 ! less palpable affections & relations :i* grew up 9 ! home4 ,! f9al atta9m5t1 !re=e1 0 great & wor?y en\gh2 b ! crud] & less ref9$ ideas1 :i* _h be5 inh]it$ f pre-,mosaic cu/om1 always make !mselves felt1 & h ev5 dom9at$ "s ( ! laws4 ,!y dom9at$1 ev5 m1 ! practice ( ! p & ! !ory ( ! scribes2 s t on ! v eve ( ,8 com+ :o 0 to proclaim decisively ! indissolubility ( m>riage1 ! great ,jewi% s*ools 7 wrangl+ :e!r m]e caprice1 or "s immode/y only1 c\ld ju/ify divorce4 ,nev]!less ! ,decalogue1 ) its deep & broad comm&1 culm9at+ 9 prohibition ev5 ( inw>d evil desire1 _h always _h its own influ5ce4 ,! tea*+s ( ! prophets1 :i* brea! passionate hatr$ ( impurity1 _h taught all m5 ( good-w 9 ,israel t ! wra? ( ,god surely burn$ aga9/ x4 ,b ! /amp ( imp]fection 0 ^u ,old ,te/am5t tea*+ "h z else:]e4 ,l ! ,messianic hope1 l ! future ( ,israel1 l all ,israel's greate/ de/9ies1 ! promise ( a high] life 9 ?is respect 0 d>k5$ by ! inconsi/5cies ( g5]al practice2 & unc]ta9ty prevail$ z to ! direction 9 :i* m5 7 to look = ! h>moni\s developm5t ( ! high] pot5cies :i* 7 mak+ _! pres5ce felt4 ,x 0 9 !m r ?an 9 ! law1 9 ! ideals r ?an 9 ! practice ( ! p1 t ! hidd5 p[] 0 sil5tly do+ its reg5]at+ "w4 ,! religion ( ,yahweh 9 its c5tral cont5t1 surr\nd$ all laws & in/itutions ) an atmosph]e :i* *all5g$ & fur!r$ gr[? ( e :olesome k9d4 ,! axe & hamm] ( ! legislative build] 0 r>ely he>d at "w2 b 9 ! sil5ce :i* seems to "s s b>r51 !re sl[ly grew a fabric ( moral & spiritual ideas & aspirations1 :i* ne$$ only ! com+ ( ,*ri/ to make x ! p]man5t home ( all morally e>ne/ s\ls4 ,) ,him all t ! pa/ g5]ations _h will$1 or hop$1 or dream$ ( good came actually to exi/4 ,he made :at _h be5 aspiration only ! basis ( an actual ,k+dom ( ,god4 ,z "o ( its prim>y moral f\ndations ,he laid d[n ! radical indissolubility ( m>riage1 & made visible to all m5 ! bread? ( ! law giv5 9 ! ,decalogue by =bidd+ ev5 w&]+ desires4 ,9 do+ ?is ,he completely surpass$ all ,old ,te/am5t tea*+1 & set up a /&>d :i* ,*ri/ian communities z su* h held to hi!rto1 b :i* f lack ( elevation & e>ne/ness !y seem incl9$ 9 ^! days to let slip4 ,t su* a /&>d 0 ev] set up 0 ! "w ( a ,div9e revelation ( a p]fectly unique k9d1 work+ ?r\gh long ages ( upw>d movem5t4 ,humanity has be5 dragg$ upw>ds to x mo/ unwill+ly4 ,m5 h f\nd difficulty 9 liv+ at t height1 & no?+ is easi] ?an to ?r[ away all ! ga9 ( ^! _m c5turies4 ,all t is ne$$ is a plunge or two d[nw>ds4 ,b if ev] ^! plunges are tak51 ! long1 sl[ ef=t upw>ds w only h to be begun aga91 if family life is to be firmly e/abli%$1 & purity is to become a p]man5t possession ( m54 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii ,,laws ,,( ,,k9dness ,) ! comm&s we n[ h to consid]1 we leave altoge!r ! region ( /rict law1 & ent] entirely ^u t ( aspiration & ( feel+4 ,k9dness1 by its v nature1 eludes ! rude compulsion ( law1 prop]ly s call$4 ,x ceases to be k9dness :5 x loses spontaneity & fre$om4 ,precept1 !re=e1 n law1 is ! utmo/ t any lawgiv] c give 9 respect to x2 & ?is is precisely :at we h 9 ,deut]onomy1 s f> z x endeav\rs to incite m5 to g5tl5ess1 goodness1 & c\rtesy to "o ano!r4 ,! au?or gives 8 p an ideal ( :at !y ought to be 9 ^! respects1 & presses x home ^u !m ) ! he>tfelt e>ne/ness :i* di/+ui%es him4 ,t is all2 b yet1 if we are to d ju/ice to him z a lawgiv]1 we mu/ consid] & e/imate ! moral value ( ^! precepts2 =1 prop]ly speak+1 !y are ! fl[] ( 8 legal pr9ciples1 & !y reveal 9 detail1 & !re=e1 = ! av]age man1 mo/ impressively1 ! _s 9 :i* 8 :ole legislation 0 conceiv$4 ,9 ! ab/ract no d\bt he _h told u t love--love to ,yahweh--0 to be ! fundam5tal ?+1 & we h se5 h[ deep & wide-rea*+ t ann\ncem5t 04 ,b a review ( ! precepts :i* indicate h[ he conceiv$ t love to ,god %\ld affect m5's relations ) m51 w give t g5]al pr9ciple a def9it5ess & a concret5ess m impressive ?an a ?\s& homilies4 ,= ! conception t a relation ( love is ! only fit relation betwe5 man & ,god1 c\ld n1 if x 7 s9c]ely tak5 up1 fail to ?r[ light ^u m5's true relations to ea* o!r4 ,consequ5tly ! great decl>ation ( ! six? *apt] 0 b\nd to re-e*o 9 ! precepts to guide conduct1 giv+ new sanctity & bread? to all man's duty to 8 fell[s4 ,( c\rse ! risk ( great failure 0 nigh at h&3 = m5 may be intellectually conv9c$ t love is ! elem5t 9 :i* life ought to be liv$1 & may proclaim x1 :o are f> f be+ actually p5etrat$ & fill$ ) love1 te/$ & increas$ by communion ) ,god4 ,z a result1 mu* talk ab\t love & k9dly human duty has fall5 ) b little impulsive p[] ^u ! he>ts ( m54 ,:51 h[ev]1 x is felt to be ! expression ( a pres5t exp]i5ce1 su* exhortation has p[] to move m5 z no o!r words c d4 ,& ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy 0 "o ( ^? :o _h ?is div9ely giv5 secret4 ,9 all p>ts ( 8 book y f9d 8 words becom+ w+$ ) p[]1 :]ev] love to ,god & man is ev5 remotely t\*$ ^u4 ,if our hypo!sis z to ! age 9 :i* he liv$ & wrote be correct1 8 mu/ h be5 "o ( ^? high & r>e natures :i* are n embitt]$ by p]secution or contemptu\s neglect4 ,long be=e our ,"l _h spok5 ,8 decisive words on our duty to our neighb\r1 or ,/4 ,paul _h writt5 8 great hymn to love1 ?is man ( ,god _h be5 *os5 to feel ! tru?1 & _h suffus$ 8 book ) x1 s t ! only pr9ciple :i* c be recognis$ z b9d+ toge!r all 8 precepts is ! c5tral pr9ciple ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,( c\rse t made 8 ideal too high = pres5t realisation2 b he ga9$ m ?an he lo/2 =1 f ,j]emiah & ,josiah d[nw>ds ?r\gh ! ye>s1 all ! noble/ ( 8 p respond$ to him4 ,! spl5d\r ( 8 ?\ght ca/ reflections ^u _! m9ds1 & ^! gl[$ & %one amid ! mean] lights :i* ,ph>isaism k9dl$ & *]i%$1 till ,he came ^: "r x 0 to reign4 ,!n ,deut]onomy's true rank 0 se52 = f x ,*ri/ took ! answ]s by :i* ,he repell$ ,satan 9 ! temptation1 & f x1 too1 ,he took t comm&m5t :i* ,he call$ ! fir/ & greate/4 ,( c\rse ! humanity ( ! book _h n1 9 expression at lea/1 ! imp]ial sweep ( ,*ri/ian bro!rhood :i* makes all m5 equal1 s t = x !re is nei!r ,jew nor ,g5tile1 nei!r wise nor unwise1 nei!r male nor female1 nei!r bond nor free4 ,b all ! *os5 p are includ$ 9 its sympa?y2 & 9 ?is field1 )\t undue int]f]5ce ) private life1 ! au?or sets =? by specim5 cases h[ ! frat]nal feel+ %\ld manife/ itself 9 lov+1 neighb\rly k9dness4 ,z ^! laws or precepts ( k9dness are n sy/ematically arrang$1 x w be necess>y to gr\p !m1 & we %all take fir/ ^? 9 :i* x is prescrib$ t injury to o!rs %\ld be avoid$4 ,( c\rse crim9al wrongs are n dealt ) "h4 ,!y h already be5 =bidd5 9 ! /rictly legal portions ( ! book1 & p5alties h be5 atta*$ to !m4 ,b 9 ! region beyond law1 !re are _m acts 9 :i* ! diff]5ce betwe5 a good1 & k9dly1 & sympa!tic man1 & a morose1 & sull51 & unk9dly "o1 c be ev5 m cle>ly se54 ,9 t region ,deut]onomy is unmi/akably on ! side ( sympa?y4 ,! poor1 ! slave1 ! helpless %\ld1 x tea*es1 be objects ( special c>e to ! true son ( ,israel4 ,!y %\ld be treat$1 x %[s1 ) a g5]\s p]ception ( ! peculi> difficulties ( _! lot2 & pressure ^u !m at ^! special po9ts :]e _! lot is h>d %\ld be abhorr5t to e ,israelite4 ,! fir/ 9 ord] ( ! precepts :i* we are consid]+ 7*ap4 xxii4 v4 #h7--,:5 ?\ builde/ a new h\se1 !n ?\ %alt make a rail+ = ?y ro(1 t ?\ br+ n blood ^u ?9e h\se1 if any man fall f !nce--reveals ! fa!rly & lov+ temp] :i* x is ! au?or's delight to attribute to ,yahweh4 ,z e>?ly p>5ts gu>d _! *ildr5 f accid5ts & dang]s1 s ,yahweh ?9ks ( possible dang] to ! lives ( ,8 p1 & calls = ev5 m9ute precautions4 ,! habit ( sitt+ & sleep+ ^u ! flat ro(s ( ! h\ses has always be51 & is n[1 preval5t 9 ! ,ea/4 ,_m accid5ts take place ?r\gh ?is habit4 ,9 rec5t ye>s ,em9 ,pa%a1 :o rul$ s long at ,wadelai1 ne>ly lo/ 8 life by "o2 & "h ! h\se-own] is requir$ 9 ,yahweh's "n to m9imise t dang]1 t he br+ n blood ^u 8 h\se4 ,! life ( ea* "o ( ,yahweh's p is preci\s to ,him2 !re=e x is t ,he w h !m to gu>d "o ano!r4 ,?is is ! pr9ciple :i* runs ?r\gh all ^! precepts4 ,9 ! sph]e ( ritual & religion ! ,deut]onomi/ does n transc5d ,old ,te/am5t conditions4 ,= him z = o!rs x is ! nation :i* is ! unit4 ,b 9 ! region n[ be=e u he virtually goes beyond t limitation1 & emphasises ! c>e ( ,yahweh = ! individual1 j z 9 ! dem& = love to ,god he _h already made ,israel's relation to _! ,god dep5d ^u ea* man's p]sonal attitude4 ,! ?\ght t ! ,div9e c>e 0 ex]t$ ov] ev5 su* a set ( paltry ill-giv5 animalcules z himself & 8 nation 71 accord+ to ,c>lyle's phrase1 does n /agg] him z x /agg]$ ,fr$]ick ! ,great4 ,9 matt]s l ^!1 ! unsophi/icat$ religion ( ! ,old ,te/am5t is mo/ helpful to u to-day4 ,we h analys$1 & ref9$1 & dimm$ all ?+s into ab/ractions1 ,god & man among ! re/4 ,! fe>less simplicity ( ! ,old ,te/am5t re/ores u to ourselves1 & p\rs fre% blood into ! ve9s ( our religion4 ,no fai? 9 ,god z ! liv+ ord]] ( all ! circum/ances ( our lives c be too /rong or too detail$4 ,! /rong] & m def9ite x becomes1 ! ne>] w x approa* ! tru?4 ,only "o dang] c ?reat5 u on t l9e1 ! dang] ( tak+ all our own plans & desires = ! ,div9ely appo9t$ pa? = u4 ,b mo/ m5 w by natural humility be sav$ f t presumption2 & ! glad assurance t !y are wrapp$ ab\t ) ! love ( ,god is p]haps ! greate/ ne$ ( ,god's p 9 _! _m sceptical & unspiritual h\rs4 ,we _c1 !re=e1 be surpris$ t1 9 connection ) debts & pl$ges = paym5t1 ! same k9dness 9 ! ,div9e comm&s %\ld be obs]vable4 ,z usury 0 =bidd5 9 ,israel1 & precautions aga9/ excessive indebt$ness 7 exce$+ly elaborate1 ! possibilities ( oppression 9 connection ) debt 9 ,israel 7 mu* m limit$ ?an 9 mo/ anci5t communities4 ,nev]!less !re 0 "h a region ( life 9 :i* great wrongs c\ld /ill be done by a h>% & unscrupul\s cr$itor4 ,9 ord] t ! cr$itor might h "s security = :at he _h l5t1 x 0 p]mitt$ to receive & give pl$ges4 ,! precepts reg>d+ ^! are conta9$ 9 *ap1 xxiv41 vv4 #f1 #aj ff4 & #ag1 & express a consid]ate bro!rly _s1 = :i* x w\ld be h>d to f9d a p>allel ei!r 9 anci5t or mod]n times4 ,! cr$itor :o has tak5 a poor man's upp] g>m5t z a pl$ge is comm&$1 bo? 9 ! ,book ( ! ,cov5ant & 9 ,deut]onomy1 to re/ore ! g>m5t to its own] 9 ! ev5+1 t he may sleep 9 x4 ,9 ,pale/9e = mu* ( ! ye> ! nights are cold en\gh1 & ! poor man has no cov]+ save 8 ord9>y clo!s4 ,to deprive him ( ^!1 !re=e1 is to inflict puni%m5t ^u him1 :]eas all t %\ld be aim$ at is ! cr$itor's security4 ,?is 0 peculi>ly (f5sive to ,israelite feel+1 z we see f ! m5tion 9 ,amos ii4 #h ( ! brea* ( ?is prescription z "o ( ! s9s = :i* ,yahweh w\ld n turn away ,israel's puni%m5t4 ,fur!r1 9 no case 0 a wid['s g>m5t to be tak5 9 pl$ge1 nor ! h&mill us$ = prep>+ ! daily fl\r1 = t is tak+ life 9 pl$ge1 z ! ,deut]onomi/ says ) ! feel+ = ! conditions ( ! poor man's life :i* he always %[s4 ,b ! cr[n ( all ?is k9dness is f\nd 9 ! beautiful t5? v]se3 ,:5 ?\ do/ l5d ?y neighb\r any mann] ( loan1 ?\ %alt n g into 8 h\se to fet* 8 pl$ge ?\ %alt /& )\t1 & ! man to :om ?\ do/ l5d %all br+ =? ! pl$ge )\t unto !e4 ,n only does ,yahweh c>e = ext]nal & physical pa91 ,he sympa?ises ) ^? deep] wrongs & pa9s :i* may hurt a man's feel+s4 ,if a pl$ge to satisfy ! l5d] _h to be giv51 scruples ( delicacy on ! "p ( ! borr[] w\ld appe> to ! practical man1 z he w\ld call himself1 contemptibly misplac$4 ,if ! man's feel+s 7 s v sup]f9e1 :y did he borr[8 ,b ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy knew ! he>t ( ,god bett]4 ,) ! f9e tact ( a man ( ,god1 he knew h[ ev5 ! well-mean+ ri* man's amus$ contempt = ! poor man's few h\sehold treasures1 w\ld cut l a :ip1 & he knew t ,yahweh1 :o 0 v pitiful & ( t5d] m]cy1 w\ld desire no son ( ,israel to be expos$ to x4 ,he knew1 too1 h[ human gre$ might dispose ! l5d] to seize ^u ! ?+ ( greate/ value 9 ! poor h\se1 :e!r its price 0 9 excess ( ! loan or n4 ,f9ally1 he knew h[ x det]iorates ! poor to be dealt ) 9 an unc]emoni\s1 tactless way ev5 by ! b5evol5t4 ,& 9 ! "n & ) ! au?ority ( ,god he =bids x4 ,! poor man's home1 ! home ( ! man :om we desire to help especially1 is to be sacr$4 ,9 our deal+ ) him ( all m5 ! f9e/ c\rtesy is to be br\ght into play4 ,j because he ne$s our help1 we are to /& on po9ts ( c]emony ) him1 :i* we might disp5se ) 9 deal+ ) fri5ds & equals4 ,?\ %alt /& )\t1 unless he asks !e to ent]2 & ?\ %alt %[ !reby1 9 a deep] way ?an any gifts or loans c %[1 t ! frat]nal tie is ackn[l$g$ & rev]5c$4 ,9 two o!r precepts ! same delicate reg>d = ! f9] feel+s f9ds expression4 ,9 ! fif? v]se x is comm&$ t ,:5 a man take? a new wife1 he %all n g out 9 ! ho/1 nei!r %all he be *>g$ ) any bus9ess3 he %all be free at home "o ye>1 & %all *e] 8 wife t he ha? tak54 ,! /rang5ess & lonel9ess :i* ev]y:]e make !mselves felt z a =midable drawback to a "y wife's joy1 & :i* 9 a polygam\s family1 :]e jeal\sies are bitt]1 mu/ (t5 h rea*$ ! po9t ( be+ intol]able1 are provid$ =4 ,9 *ap4 xxv4 #a-c aga91 :i* deals ) ! puni%m5t ( crim9als by beat+1 x is provid$ t 9 no case %all ! numb] ( bl[s exce$ =ty1 & t !y %all be giv5 9 ! pres5ce ( ! judge4 ,?is 9 itself 0 a measure ( humanity1 b ! reason giv5 = ! direction is greatly m humane4 ,=ty /ripes he may give him1 says v]4 #c2 he %all n exce$2 le/1 if he %\ld exce$1 & beat him above ^! ) _m /ripes1 !n ?y bro!r %\ld seem vile unto !e4 ,ev5 9 ! case ( ! crim9al c>e is to be tak5 t he be n made an object ( contempt4 ,puni%m5t has gone beyond its true aim :5 x makes a man seem vile unto 8 neighb\rs by attack+ 8 dignity z a man2 = t %\ld be inali5able ev5 9 a crim9al4 ,a man may h all 8 mat]ial wants satisfi$1 & yet be sorely vex$ & injur$4 ,god sympa?ises ) ^! hurts ( ! s\l1 & def5ds ,8 p aga9/ !m4 ,aft] ! lov+k9dness ( ^! comm&s1 x seems almo/ ne$less to say t ! small] social wrongs :i* m5 may inflict ^u ea* o!r are /]nly =bidd54 ,(t51 ! ri* f want ( ?\ght ab\t ! life ( ! poor c>elessly d !m wrong4 ,su* a case is t dealt )9 *ap4 xxiv4 #ad f43 ,?\ %alt n oppress an hir$ s]vant t is poor & ne$y1 :e!r he be ( ?y bre?r51 or ( ?y /rang]s 7g]im7 t are 9 ?y l& )9 ?y gates3 9 8 day ?\ %alt give him 8 hire1 nei!r %all ! sun g d[n ^u x2 = he is poor1 & sette? 8 he>t ^u x3 le/ he cry aga9/ !e unto ,yahweh1 & x be s9 unto !e4 ,! same comm& is giv5 9 ,lev4 xix4 #ac1 & ,dillmann is probably "r 9 reg>d+ ?is z a ,deut]onomic repetition ( t1 s9ce !re ! precept =ms "p ( a p5tade ( comm&s deal+ ) simil> ?+s1 :ile "h x /&s alone4 ,f e>ly times1 !re=e1 ,yahweh _h reveal$ ,himself z consid]+ ! poor & ! necessities ( _! position4 ,fur!r1 ! poor man or ! wayf>] 0 p]mitt$ to satisfy 8 hung] by tak+ fruit or gra9 9 8 h&s z he pass$ ?r\gh ! fields4 ,no "o 0 to die ( />vation if ! fields 7 yield+ meat4 ,la/ ( all1 e/rangem5t betwe5 bre?r51 i4e4 all ,israelites1 0 n to free !m f duties ( neighb\rly love4 ,if a man f9d a /ray ox or %eep or ass1 or a g>m5t or any o!r lo/ ?+1 he is n to leave x :]e he f9ds x4 ,he is to re/ore x to ! own]2 & if ! own] is unkn[n or too f> (f1 ! f9d] is to keep t :i* he has f\nd till x is inquir$ aft]4 ,!n if he see 8 bro!r's1 i4e4 8 neighb\r's1 ass or ox fall5 by ! way1 he mu/ n pass by1 b mu/ help ! own] to set x on its feet aga94 ,t an e/rang$ bro!r 0 especially 9 view is %[n by ! fact t 9 ! p>allel passage 7,exod4 xxiii4 #d7 ?9e enemy's ox & ! ass ( him t hate? !e are m5tion$4 ,n[1 we h call$ ^! precepts & provisions ! fl[] & blossom ( ! ,deut]onomic legislation1 because !y reveal 9 _! greate/ p]fection t sympa?y ) ! commone/ & ! inn]mo/ c>es ( m5 :i* is ! mov+ impulse ( x all4 ,b !y reveal m ?an t4 ,!y %[ t already 9 ^? f>-(f days ! secret ( ,god's love to man _h be5 made kn[n4 ,its univ]sality s f> z ,israel 0 conc]n$1 its p5etrative sympa?y1 its quality ( reg>d+ no human int]e/ z outside its scope1 its sup]human imp>tiality--all are "h4 ,!y are n ( c\rse pres5t 9 _! full sweep & p[]1 z ,*ri/ made !m kn[n4 ,outside ( ,israel !re 7 ! ,g5tiles1 :o _h a %>e only 9 ! uncov5ant$ m]cies ( ,god2 & ev5 among ! *os5 p !re 7 ! slaves & ! /rang]s1 :o _h a comp>atively insecure relation to ,him4 ,fur!r1 ! ?\ght ( ! self-sacrifice ( ,god1 ?\gh soon to h its dawn+ 9 ! lat] *apt]s ( ,isaiah1 0 n z yet an appreciable elem5t 9 ! ,israelite !ology4 ,nev]!less ! passages we h be5 consid]+ ?r[ a light ^u social duty1 z se5 by ?is inspir$ s]vant ( ,god1 :i* puts to %ame ! /ate ( ! ,*ri/ian m9d on ^! subjects ev5 n[4 ,! great pr9ciples und]ly+ "r relations betwe5 m5 ( diff]5t social /atus are1 accord+ to ^! precepts1 c\rtesy & consid]ation4 ,n[ x is precisely ! want ( ^! :i* lies at ! root ( ! bitt]ness :i* is s al>m+ a symptom ( our social /ate at pres5t4 ,!re is n1 we are will+ to believe1 mu* ( int5tional1 delib]ate oppression ex]cis$ by ! /rong ^u ! weak4 ,! inju/ice t is done is probably inh]5t 9 ! pres5t social sy/em1 = ! "* ( :i* no "o liv+ is responsible4 ,b "o reason :y re=m comes s sl[ly1 & :y pati5ce till x c come dies out among ! masses ( m51 is t ! employ+ classes1 & ^? :o h inh]it$ privileges1 (t5 convey to ^? !y employ ! impression t !y are beyond ! pale ( ! c\rtesies :i* are recognis$ z b9d+ betwe5 m5 ( ! same class4 ,(t5 )\t int5d+ x1 _! mann] :5 !y are approa*$ by ^? !y employ1 _! %ort & half-aggriev$ replies1 reveal to ! latt] t !y are reg>d$ mu* m z p>ts ( ! ma*9]y1 ?an z m5 :o might naturally be expect$ to claim1 & :o h a "r to1 ! recognition ( _! rights z m54 ,( c\rse !re are excuses4 ,!re is ! long tradition ( subord9ation to arbitr>y p[]1 f :i* none 9 e>li] ages ( ! _w h be5 free4 ,!re is ! impati5ce ) :i* a gov]n+ & organis+ m9d li/5s to grievances :i* x sees ei!r to be inevitable "u ! circum/ances1 or to be comp5sat$ by "s correspond+ privilege1 :i* /&s or falls ) ! ?+ compla9$ (4 ,& !n !re is ! abs5ce ( outlook1 :i* is ! foible ( ! direct+ m9d4 ,x is set to rule & make successful a l>ge & intricate bus9ess "u giv5 circum/ances4 ,! m effective su* a m9d is = practical purposes1 ! m ?or\ghly w x limit itself to work+ out ! problem committ$ to x4 ,:5 grievances h to be dealt ) :i* h _! root 9 ! pres5t circum/ances1 & :i* imply *anges m or less radical 9 8 fix$ po9t if !y are to be r$ress$1 x is h>d = ! employ] to p]suade himself t 8 employees are n m]ely cry+ = ! moon4 ,if he ?9k s1 he w probably say s2 & work+ m5 g away f su* int]views ) ! feel+ t x is va9 to expect f employ]s any sympa?y = _! aspirations t[>ds a bett] social /ate1 :i* yet !y _c give up )\t a slur ^u _! manhood4 ,b ?\gh ^! are excuses = ! attitude we h be5 describ+1 !re c be no "q t ! f9e & delicate c\rtesy :i* ,deut]onomy prescribes is indisp5sable 9 ord] to av]t class ho/ility4 ,c\rtesy _c1 ( c\rse1 *ange our social /ate1 & :]e x works badly evils t produce friction w rema94 ,b ! fir/ condition ( a successful solution ( our difficulties is1 t evil temp]s %\ld z f> z possible be bani%$1 & = t purpose c\rtesy ev5 "u provocation is ! "o sov]eign rem$y4 ,= x means t y convey to y\r neighb\r t y consid] him 9 all ess5tials y\r equal4 ,x means1 too1 t y are will+ to recognise 8 rights & to respect !m4 ,?\gh p[] may be on y\r side1 & weakness on 81 t w only make x m incumb5t ^u y to %[ t m]e ext]nal circum/ances _c impair y\r rev]5ce = him z man4 ,if t be s9c]ely felt1 x op5s a way1 o!rwise absolutely clos$1 to mutual confid5ce & mutual und]/&+4 ,^! once e/abli%$1 light on all p>ts ( ! social problem 7:i*1 be x rememb]$1 employ]s & employ$ mu/ solve toge!r if x is to be solv$ at all7 w break 9 ^u ! m9ds ( bo? classes4 ,9 spite ( ! div]sity ( _! imm$iate int]e/s1 ! ultimate int]e/ ( all is ! same4 ,if contempt & suspicion 7 exclud$1 eyes :i* are n[ hold5 w\ld be op5$1 & a common ef=t to rea* a social /ate 9 :i* all m5 %all h ! opportunity ( liv+ lives wor?y ( m5 w\ld become possible4 ,if all w\ld le>n to treat ^? ( o!r classes ) ! c\rtesy :i* !y con/antly %[ to ^? ( _! own1 a great /ep 9 ! "r direction w\ld be tak54 ,m5 ov]look mu* & =give mu* to _! fell[s :5 ^! recognise _! equality1 & %[ t !y atta* importance to hav+ good relations ) !m4 ,b mu* m is to be aim$ at ?an t4 ,! e/eem = man z man has great conque/s yet to make be=e ev5 ! ,deut]onomic c\rtesy becomes common4 ,b if ^! nobl] mann]s are to come 91 !n ! motives sugge/$ by ,deut]onomy w h to be made effective = our day4 ,:at ^! 7 x is n difficult to see4 ,!y all _h _! s\rce 9 ! au?or's own relations & ! relations ( 8 p to ,god4 ,ea* ( 8 bre?r5 ( ! *os5 p 0 a fri5d ( ,yahweh4 ,!re 0 no diff]5ce betwe5 ,israelite m5 be=e ,him4 ,he _h br\ght !m all1 ! poor & ! weak1 z well z ! ri* & ! /rong1 out ( ! h\se ( bondage2 ,he _h guid$ !m all ?r\gh ! wild]ness1 & _h appo9t$ ea* h\sehold a place 9 ,8 l& :]e full communion ) ,him 0 to be _h4 ,he _h ?\ght _m ?\ghts ab\t !m1 _h giv5 !m laws & /atutes dictat$ by lov+ insight1 s z to fill _! life ) ! consci\sness t ,yahweh lov$ !m1 condesc5d$ to !m1 & ev5 all[$ ,himself to be made to s]ve by _! s9s4 ,:atev] else !y might be1 !y 7 fri5ds ( ,god1 & _h a "r to respect on t gr\nd4 ,& = u :o are ,*ri/ians all ^! motives h be5 int5sifi$ & rais$ to a high] p[]4 ,x is n lawful = u to call any man common or unclean4 ,x is n lawful to ov]:elm & be> d[n ! m9ds ( o!rs by %e] en]gy & p[]4 ,^? = :om ,*ri/ di$ are n to be dealt ) save on ! wor?y plane ( moral & spiritual conviction4 ,t is ! law ( ,*ri/2 & s long z x is brok5 9 our lab\r tr\bles by contemptu\s refusal ( conf]5ce :5 x c be grant$ )\t compromis+ pr9ciple1 or by slight+ ref]5ces to lab\r lead]s & a refusal to meet !m1 :5 lead]s ( ano!r class w\ld be c\rte\sly met1 s long w ! bitt]ness :i* inevitably spr+s up tr\ble u4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 to be suppos$ t only ! ri* c s9 9 ?is respect4 ,! lab\r organisations are becom+ 9 _m places1 ! /rong]1#abc & s f> !y h le>n$ ! law ( c\rtesy no bett] ?an _! oppon5ts4 ,opprobri\s epi!ts & injuri\s suspicions & accusations are ! /ock-9-trade ( "s :o lead ! lab\r cause4 ,t is z unwor?y 9 !m z x w\ld be 9 o!rs2 x is n only a crime1 b a blund]4 #abc ,especially 9 "s ( ! ,s\!rn ,colonies 9 "o ( :i* ?is exposition is writt54 ,b ! practice ( c\rtesy does n end ) itself4 ,x op5s ! way = t consid]ation ( ! circum/ances ( ! poor :i* we h f\nd s conspicu\s 9 ,deut]onomy4 ,z we h se51 ,yahweh's precepts contemplate ) ! nice/ c>e ! unavoidable necessities ( ! poor man's life4 ,s ,he /irs u to endeav\r to realise ! conditions ( our poor] bre?r51 & by do+ s to avoid ! blund]s :i* well-mean+ p make by assum+ t ! conditions ( _! own life are ! norm4 ,!re are va/ v>ieties ( circum/ance 9 ! _w2 & f lack ( consid]ation ^? m fav\rably situat$ excite envies & hatr$s ! bitt]ness ( :i* !y _c conceive1 by simply tak+ x = grant$ t e "o has ! same opportunities = recreation1 ! same possibilities ( re/4 ,to realise cle>ly :at life & dea? mean to ! toil+ millions ( m52 to see t matt]s :i* are small to ^? :o live ! mat]ially l>g] & fre] life ( ! class above !m are ( vital mom5t to ! poor2 to consid] & all[ = all su* ?+s 9 _! deal+s ) !m1--?is is ! tea*+ ( ,deut]onomy4 ,h5ce ! comm& to pay ! lab\r] 8 wages 9 ! same day4 ,! he>t ( man responds :5 ?is note is /ruck4 ,9 no?+ is ! /ory ( ,gautama ! ,buddha m true to ! be/ in/9cts ( humanity ?an 9 ?is1 t x repres5ts him z mak+ 8 great r5unciation ?r\gh com+ into intimate contact ) ! pa9 & mis]y ( ord9>y life4#abd ,t gave him insight1 & insight wr\ght sympa?y1 & sympa?y trans=m$ him f be+ a petty pr9ce ( ,nor!rn ,india into ! consol] & help] ( millions 9 all ,ea/]n l&s4 ,ev5 hopeless pessimism1 :5 born ( sympa?y1 has an imm5se consol+ p[]4 ,mu* m %\ld ! inext+ui%able hope giv5 by ,*ri/1 comb9$ z x is ) ! same sympa!tic insight1 console m5 & uplift !m4 #abd ,buddhism1 by ,t4 ,w4 ,rhys ,davids1 p4 #bi4 ,b ! sixte5? v]se ( *ap4 xxiii4 rem9ds u t 9 t anci5t ,deut]onomic _w !re 7 sad limitations to ^! l(ty sympa?ies & hopes4 ,if int5sively ,deut]onomy almo/ rea*es ! ,gospel1 ext5sively x %[s ! :ole diff]5ce betwe5 ,judaism at its be/ & ,*ri/ianity4 ,bel[ ! _w ( free-born memb]s ( ! ,israelite community1 to :om ! precepts we h hi!rto be5 consid]+ alone apply1 !re 0 ! class ( slaves1 :o 9 _m respects lay beyond ! region ( ! f9] *>ities4 ,! orig9 ( slav]y we ne$ n discuss4 ,x 0 a q univ]sal feature 9 all anci5t communities1 & 0 d\btless a /ep upw>ds f ! cu/om ( de/roy+ all prison]s tak5 9 w>4 ,among ! ,hebrews x _h always be5 cu/om>y2 b 9 hi/oric times x 0 n among !m ! all-important matt] x 0 9 ,greek & ,roman polity4 ,_h x be5 s1 x w\ld h be5 impossible to discuss ! economic ideals ( ,israel )\t tak+ ?is social feature into consid]ation fir/4 ,b slaves 7 comp>atively few 9 ,israel1 & ! slave trade c nev] h be5 ext5sive1 s9ce no slave m>kets are m5tion$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,moreov] ! social /ate ( ! c\ntry made own]s ( slaves %>e 9 ! slaves' "w1 & t ( itself prev5t$ ! gr[? ( ! wor/ abuses4 ,b ! mo/ p[]ful elem5t 9 mak+ ! lot ( ! slave tol]able 0 und\bt$ly ! j & pitiful "* ( ! ,israelite religion4 ,! fundam5tal position ) reg>d to him 01 h[ev]1 ! common "o3 he 0 ! prop]ty ( 8 ma/]4 ,he c\ld be sold1 pl$g$1 giv5 away z a pres5t1 & inh]it$1 & c\ld ev5 be sold to =eign]s4 ,b a female slave1 if tak5 z a subord9ate wife1 c\ld n be sold1 b only fre$ if %e ceas$ to occupy t position4 ,exclusive ( ! ,canaanites1 subject to =c$ lab\r1 & ! ,ne?9im1 ! s]vants ( ! ,sanctu>y1 :o occupi$ mu* ! same place z ! s]vi publici 9 ,rome1 !re 7 two classes ( slaves1 non-,israelites & ,israelites4 ,! ways 9 :i* a non-,israelite slave c\ld come into ,israelite h&s 7 j :at !y 7 else:]e4 ,!y might be prison]s ( w>1 !y might be pur*as$ f travell+ m]*ants1 !y might volunt>ily h sold !mselves f pov]ty 9 a /range l&1 or might h be5 sold = debt1 & f9ally !y might be *ildr5 born ( slaves4 ,_! lot 0 ( c\rse ! h>de/4 ,yet ev5 !y 7 n s entirely unprotect$ by ! law z slaves 7 among ,greeks & ,romans4 ,!y 7 recognis$ z m51 hav+ c]ta9 g5]al human rights4 ,! ma/] _h no "r to kill2 & if he maim$ 8 slave he _h to give him 8 fre$om1 accord+ to ! olde/ law 7,exod4 xvi4 #bj f474 ,! law reg>d+ ! kill+ ( a slave has (t5 be5 quot$ z s+ul>ly h>%1 especially t clause :i* says t if a slave :5 fatally smitt5 lives = "s days aft] ! bl[1 8 dea? %all n be av5g$1 = he is 8 7! ma/]'s7 money4 ,b x ought1 not)/&+ ! h>%ness ( ! expression1 to be judg$ q o!rwise4 ,! fact t dea? 0 n imm$iate 0 tak5 to indicate t dea? 0 n int5d$1 & consequ5tly ! loss ( ! slave 0 ?\ght a suffici5t puni%m5t4 ,b ! prohibition ( ! delib]ate murd] ( a slave 0 a humane provision :i* c\ld n be p>allel$ 9 ! ,grco-,roman _w4 ,moreov] ^! laws w\ld n seem to h be5 widely call$ into action4 ,! humane _s became s g5]al 9 ,israel t slaves 7 g5]ally well treat$4 ,9 ,prov4 xxix4 #ba ov]-indulg5ce to a slave is deprecat$1 z if x 7 a common error2 & dur+ ! :ole hi/ory !re is no m5tion ( evils result+ f cruel treatm5t ( slaves1 mu* less any record ( s]vile insurrection4 ,nor is !re v frequ5t m5tion ev5 ( runaway slaves4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we read ( slaves :o 7 /ew>ds ( _! ma/]s' h\ses2 o!rs probably 7 entru/$ ) ! *>ge ( ! education ( *ildr54 ,9 ,deut]onomy we f9d1 z we %\ld expect1 t ! movem5t t[>ds humanity 9 deal+ ) slaves is greatly fur!r$4 ,9 *ap4 xxi4 #aj ff4 ! h>d%ip ( a woman's lot :5 %e 0 tak5 captive 9 w> is mitigat$ ) sympa!tic insight4 ,to mod]n wom5 ( ! ,we/]n _w ! lot ( su* an "o seems s dreadful t no mitigation ( x c make any diff]5ce4 ,! curr5t tea*+ among ev5 religi\s m5 is t r ?an submit to x a woman is ju/ifi$ 9 suicide4 ,b 9 antiquity ! p]sonality ( woman 0 undevelop$1 ! *ances ( life con/antly pass$ h] f "o ma/] to ano!r1 & ?+s intol]able n[ 7 tol]able !n4 ,mak+ ev5 ^! all[ances1 h[ev]1 if we look at ! law ( ! ,old ,te/am5t z be+ 9 all its provisions & ab initio ,div9e1 x seems impossible to praise x4 ,a law :i* graci\sly p]mitt$ a captive woman to m\rn = h] p = a mon?1 & only !n all[$ h] captor to m>ry h]1 b if he wi%$ aft]w>ds to get rid ( h] provid$ t he %\ld n sell h]1 b %\ld let h] g :i!r %e w\ld1 _c be said to be 9 itself compassionate4 ,b1 if ! cu/om>y law ( ! ,israelite tribes1 re/ra9$ & purifi$ by ! high] _s1 be reg>d$ z ! basis ( ,old ,te/am5t legislation1 !n ! leav5 ( religion & humanity c be se5 work+ nobly1 & 9 a mann] wor?y ( revelation1 ev5 9 su* cases z ^!4 ,long aft] ! ,*ri/ian era we see :at ! ord9>y fate ( a captive woman 01 9 ! conduct ( ,khalid ! sword ( ! ,"l1 "o ( ! fir/ great ,mohamm$an soldi]s4 ,:5 he _h captur$ ,malik ibn ,n[eira1 :o _h resi/$ ,islam1 along ) 8 wife1 he gave ord]s :i* l$ to ,malik's dea?1 & ! same night he m>ri$ 8 wid[4#abe ,%ortly aft]w>ds1 at ! battle ( ,yemama1 he dem&$ ! daught] ( 8 captive ,mojda1 & m>ri$ h]1 z ! ,caliph wrote 9 repro(1 :il/ ! gr\nd b5ea? ! nuptial c\* 0 yet moi/5$ ) ! blood ( twelve hundr$4 ,horrors l ^! ,deut]onomy =bids4 ,! fr5zi$ mom5ts ( a captive's fir/ grief are respect$1 & "s t5d]ness is %[n to woman 9 a _w :]e h] lot at its be/ _h always 9 x possibilities :i* _c n[ be ev5 ?\ght ( ) equanimity4 ,! same /eady pressure to a nobl] =m ( life is likewise se5 9 ! ,deut]onomic law deal+ ) ! case ( a =eign slave :o _h tak5 refuge 9 ,israel 7,deut4 xxiii4 #ae f474 ,9 ! words1 ,?\ %alt n deliv] unto 8 ma/] ! slave :i* is escap$ f 8 ma/] unto !e2 he %all dwell ) !e1 9 ! mid/ ( !e1 9 ! place :i* he %all *oose )9 "o ( ?y gates1 :]e x like? him be/2 ?\ %alt n oppress him1 we h1 ?us e>ly1 ! same legislation :i* x is ! peculi> boa/ ( ,engl& to h introduc$ into ! mod]n _w4 ,slaves _c brea! 9 ,engl&1 & ! mom5t !y t\* ,briti% soil 9 any "p ( ! _w !y are free4 ,?is 0 ! case ) ! l& ( ,israel accord+ to ! ,deut]onomic conception ( :at x ought to be4 #abe ,sir ,w4 ,muir1 ,caliphate1 pp4 #bf & #cc4 ,b ! highe/ po9ts ( privilege come to ! non-,israelite slave 9 a way :i* di/urbs ! mod]n consci5ce1 = !y came by means ( compulsion 9 religion4 ,9 contra/ to ! day lab\r] & ! ,to%ab or soj\rn]1 ! slave mu/ be ( 8 ma/]'s religion4 ,= a hea!n1 h[ev]1 t 0 n a difficulty4 ,8 gods 7 gods ( 8 l&2 & :5 he left 8 l& & 0 c>ri$ into a =eign c\ntry1 he _h no scruple ab\t wor%ipp+ ! god ( ! new l&4 ,a typical case ( ?is is f\nd 9 ! n>rative #b ,k+s xvii41 :]e ! immigrants :om ! k+ ( ,assyria _h settl$ 9 ,sam>ia aft] ,israel _h be5 c>ri$ captive bes\ght him to s5d "s "o to tea* !m h[ to wor%ip ,yahweh4 ,?is adoption ( ! ma/]'s religion secur$ equality ( slave & free to a degree :i* c\ld n o!rwise h be5 atta9$1 & br\ght ! slaves fully )9 ! humanity ( ! ,hebrew law4 ,x gave !m ! ,sabba? 7*ap4 v4 #ad74 ,x gave a full %>e 9 all ! religi\s fe/ivals & a "p 9 ! sacrificial fea/s 7,deut4 xii4 #ab & xvi4 #aa1 #ad74 ,su* slaves 71 9 fact1 fully adopt$ into ! family ( ,god1 & became bre?r51 poor] & m un=tunate1 b /ill bre?r5 ( _! ma/]s4 ,!y _h inde$ no claim to fre$om1 z ,israelite slaves _h2 !y 7 slaves 9 p]petuity4 ,b _! slav]y 0 ( a k9d t did n degrade !m b5ea? ! condition ( man4 ,) reg>d to ,israelite slaves ! b5efic5ce ( ! law 0 naturally /ill great]4 ,! fulle/ /atem5t 9 reg>d to !m is f\nd1 n 9 ,deut]onomy1 b 9 ,lev4 xxv4 #ci-df2 b 9 ! ma9 we may suppose t 9 its l>g] outl9es ! di/9ction betwe5 ,israelite & non-,israelite slaves !re insi/$ on 0 always ackn[l$g$4 ,!y 7 n to be ?ru/ d[n into ! l[e/ dep? ( slav]y1 & !y 7 n to be set to ! l[e/ k9ds ( lab\r1 r to t :i* hir$ lab\r]s 7 wont to d1 because !y 7 ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 ( ! nation :om ,yahweh _h br\ght out ( ! h\se ( bondage4 ,fur!r1 !y _h a "r to emancipation e sev5? ye>1 t is to say1 :5ev] !y _h s]v$ six full ye>s !y c\ld claim fre$om 9 ! sev5?4 ,_! orig9al prop]ty 0 meant to be re/or$ to !m 9 ! ,sabbatic ye>1 & s _! degradation c\ld la/ only = a v limit$ "t4 ,9 ,exod4 xxi4 #b ff4 we f9d ! orig9al provisions conc]n+ ! ,israelite slave4 ,deut]onomy simply took ^! up1 & modifi$ !m 9 c]ta9 respects4 ,x ext5ds all t ,exodus says ( ! slave to ! female slave also1 &1 9 its c>e = & und]/&+ ( ! difficulties ( ! poor1 enacts t a slave :5 set free %all receive a fre% />t 9 life f ! cattle1 ! b>n1 & ! w9epress ( ! =m] own]4 ,b ?is anticipation ( dis*>g$ prison]s' aid societies 0 too high a dem& ^u a fai?less g5]ation4 ,ev5 ,j]emiah c\ld n get x c>ri$ out2 & ! probability is t none b ! mo/ spiritually m9d$ ( ! ,jews ev] reg>d$ x z b9d+ law4 ,! love :i* love ( ,yahweh inspir$ spread /ill m widely4 ,x took 9 n only ! poor & ! slave1 b x took acc\nt also ( ! l[] animals4 ,x has be5 (t5 made a reproa* to ,*ri/ianity t x makes no su* appeal on behalf ( ! l[] creation z ,buddhism does4 ,b t reproa* 7l ! k9dr$ "o br\ght by ,j4 ,s4 ,mill1 t 9 comp>ison ) ! ,qur'an ! ,new ,te/am5t is defective 9 n press+ civil duty7 is t5able only if ! ,new ,te/am5t be absolutely sev]$ f ! ,old4 ,tak5 z ! completion ( ! moral & religi\s developm5t begun 9 ,israel1 ,*ri/ianity takes up into itself all ! exp]i5ce1 & all ! tea*+ by example1 :i* ! ,old ,te/am5t conta9s4 ,x does n repeat x1 because to ! fir/ ,*ri/ians ! ,old ,te/am5t 0 ! ,div9ely inspir$ guide4 ,x 0 at fir/ _! :ole ,bible1 & to take ! ,new ,te/am5t by itself z an indep5d5t product is to mutilate bo? ! ,old & ! ,new4 ,:5 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 !re=e1 enjo9s k9dness to animals we may set d[n all t x prescribes to ! cr$it ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,s mu*1 at lea/1 ! latt] mu/ be held to tea*2 & if we consid] ! _s z well z ! lett] ( ?is law1 !re is no exagg]ation 9 say+ t x cov]s all ! gr\nd4 ,"h1 z 9 ! case ( slaves & ! poor1 ! fundam5tal reason = k9dness is relation to ,god4 ,9 ! ,yahwi/'s n>rative 9 ,g54 ii4 all creatures are =m$ by ,god1 & ,god ,himself %[s k9dness to !m4 ,inde$ 9 passages l ,psalm xxxvi4 #g1 z ,*eyne well rem>ks1 !re is an implication t morally speak+ !re is no complete break ( cont9uity 9 ! scale ( s5ti5t life1 & t1 z is se5 by passages l ,j]4 xxi4 #f1 & ,isa4 iv4 #aa1 ! mild dome/icat$ animals are 9 fact reg>d$ z a "p ( ! human community4 ,9 ! ,decalogue ! animals t lab\r ) & = man h _! %>e 9 ! ,sabba? re/1 & ! produce ( ! fields dur+ ! ,sabbatic ye> 7,exod4 xxiii4 #aa2 ,lev4 xxv4 #g7 is to be = !m z well z = ! poor4 ,t !y 7 m]e ma*9es ( fle% & blood1 to be driv5 till !y 7 worn out1 & 7 !n to be ca/ aside1 seems nev] to h occurr$ to ! ,israelite m9d4 ,^! helpful creatures _h made a cov5ant ) man1 & _h a %>e 9 ! consid]ation :i* ! sons ( ,israel 7 taught to h = "o ano!r4 ,9 rea*+ t atta9m5t ,israel _h rea*$ ! only effective gr\nd = deal+ ) animals1 z ,*eyne says1 )\t inhumanity & )\t s5tim5talism4 ,! individual prescriptions ( ,deut]onomy emphasise & br+ d[n ^! pr9ciples into ! practical life4 ,x is probable t ! precept n to see! a kid 9 its "m's milk 7,deut4 xiv4 #ba7 01 9 "p at lea/1 a law ( k9dness1 f\nd$ ^u a rev]5tial feel+ = ! p>5tal relation%ip ev5 9 ?is l[] sph]e4 ,! comm& 9 ,deut4 xxii4 #f is c]ta9ly s4 ,we read !re3 ,if a bird's ne/ *ance to be be=e !e 9 ! way1 9 any tree or on ! gr\nd1 ) "y ones or eggs1 & ! dam sitt+ ^u ! "y1 or ^u ! eggs1 ?\ %alt n take ! dam ) ! "y2 ?\ %alt 9 any wise let ! dam g1 b ! "y ?\ maye/ take unto ?yself2 t x may be well ) !e1 & t ?\ maye/ prolong ?y days4 ,evid5tly ! gr\nd ( sympa?y "h is ! exi/5ce & ! sacr$ness ( ! p>5tal relation%ip4 ,! "m bird is sacr$ z a "m2 & l5g? ( days is promis$ to ^? :o reg>d ! sanctity ( mo!rhood 9 ?is sph]e1 z x is promis$ to ^? :o obs]ve ! fif? comm&m5t ( ! ,decalogue4 ,?us intimately ! l[] creation is drawn into ! human sph]e4 ,! only o!r precepts "u ?is head are t a fall5 animal is always to be lift$ 7,deut4 xxii4 #d71 & ! ox is n to be muzzl$ :5 x is tread+ out ! corn 7,deut4 xxv4 #d74 ,^! 7 ord9>y prescriptions ( humanity1 b !y too re/ ^u ! sympa!tic id5tification ( ! suff]+s & wants ( all s5ti5t be+s ) ^? ( mank9d4 ,x may be object$1 h[ev]1 t ,/4 ,paul d5ies t ! la/ precept really 0 due to pity = ! ox54 ,9 #a ,cor4 ix4 #i1 ref]r+ to x1 he says1 ,is x = ! ox5 t ,god c>e?1 or sai? ,he x altoge!r = our sake8 ,yea1 = our sake x 0 writt54 ,b !re is no real contradiction "h4 ,x is q impossible t a dev\t ,jew l ,/4 ,paul did n believe t ,god's t5d] m]cies are ov] all ,8 works 7,psalm cxlv4 #i74 ,he w\ld h be5 false to all 8 tra9+ _h he n accept$ t z a fundam5tal axiom4 ,8 app>5t d5ial does n ref] at all to ! hi/oric fact t ! precept 0 giv5 because ( ,god's c>e = ox54 ,x only signifies t1 :5 tak5 9 its highe/ s5se1 x 0 meant to =m "* 9 m54 ,/4 ,paul argues1 z ,al=d says1 t n ! ox51 b ^? = :om ! law 0 giv51 7 its objects4 ,e duty ( humanity has = its ultimate gr\nd1 n ! m]e welf>e ( ! animal conc]n$1 b its welf>e 9 t sy/em ( :i* man is ! head1 & !re=e man's welf>e4 ,9 fact ,/4 ,paul und]/ood ! ,old ,te/am5t z we h se5 x dem&s to be und]/ood1 & places ! duty ( k9dness to animals 9 its "r relation to man4 ,9 all relations1 !re=e1 ,deut]onomy insi/s t life's ma9 pr9ciple %all be love illum9$ by sympa?y4 ,beg9n+ ) ,god & giv+ man's unquiet he>t a firm an*orage !re1 x comm&s t all creatures ab\t u %all be embrac$ 9 ! same sympa?is+ t5d]ness4 ,x =bids u to look ^u any ( !m z m]e in/rum5ts = our use1 = all ( !m h ends ( _! own 9 ! lov+ ?\ght ( ,god4 ,god is = x ! great unify+1 h>monis+ p[] 9 ! _w1 & f a "r conception ( ,him all "r liv+ fl[s4 ,if ! ,new ,te/am5t asks ) wond] h[ a man :o loves n 8 bro!r :om he ha? se5 c love ,god :om he ha? n se51 ! ,old ,te/am5t tea*es ) equal emphasis ! complem5t>y tru? t he :o loves n ,god :om he ha? n se5 w nev] love z he ought 8 bro!r :om he ha? se54 ,= to x ,yahweh is ! fir/ & la/ ^w2 & all ! gr[? 9 k9dness1 g5tl5ess1 consid]ation1 & goodness :i* c be trac$ 9 ! revelation giv5 to ,israel1 has its s\rce 9 a conception ( ! ,div9e "* :i* f ! fir/ 0 spiritual1 & 0 moreov] unique 9 ! _w4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv ,,moses' ,,f>ewell ,,spee*es ,,deut4 iv4 #a-dj1 xxvii4-xxx4 ,) ! tw5ty-six? *apt] ! entirely homog5e\s c5tral portion ( ! ,book ( ,deut]onomy ends1 & x concludes x mo/ wor?ily4 ,x prescribes two c]emonies :i* are meant to give solemn expression to ! feel+ ( ?ankfulness :i* ! love ( ,god1 manife/$ 9 s _m laws & precepts1 cov]+ ! commone/ details ( life1 %\ld h made ! pr$om9ant feel+4 ,! fir/ is ! utt]ance ( :at we h call$ ! liturgy ( gratitude at ! "t ( ! fea/ ( fir/fruits2 & ! second is ! solemn d$ication ( ! ?ird ye>'s ti! to ! poor & ! fa!rless1 & ! disclaim] ( any misuse ( x4 ,fur!r notice ( ei!r aft] :at has already be5 said 9 ref]5ce to !m w\ld be sup]flu\s4 ,! clos+ v]ses 7#af-ai7 ( ! *apt] are a solemn rem9d] t all ^! transactions ) ,god _h b\nd ! p to ,yahweh 9 a cov5ant4 ,?\ ha/ av\*$ ,yahweh ?is day to be ?y ,god &1 ,yahweh ha? av\*$ !e ?is day to be a peculi> p 7'am segllh7 unto ,himself4 ,by ?is !y 7 b\nd to keep ,yahweh's /atutes & judgm5ts1 & d !m ) all _! he>t & ) all _! s\l1 :ile ,he1 on ,8 "p1 und]takes on ^! t]ms to set !m high above all nations :i* ,he ha? made 9 praise1 & 9 "n1 & 9 hon\r1 & to make !m a holy p unto ,himself4 ,b ! orig9al ,deut]onomy z read to ,k+ ,josiah _c h end$ ) *apt] xxvi41 = ! ?+ t aw$ him mo/ 0 ! ?reat ( evil & desolation :i* 7 to foll[ ! non-obs]vance ( ?is cov5ant4 ,n[ ?\gh !re are indications ( su* dang]s 9 ! fir/ tw5ty-six *apt]s ( ,deut]onomy1 yet ?reats are n1 s f>1 a prom95t "p ( ?is book4 ,! book z read mu/ consequ5tly h conta9$ "s additional *apt]s1 :i*1 9 "p at lea/1 mu/ h conta9$ ?reats4 ,n[ ?is is :at we h 9 our ,biblical ,deut]onomy4 ,b 9 *apt]s xxvii4 & xxviii4 !re are r$uplications :i* c h>dly h =m$ "p ( ! orig9al au?or's "w4 ,an exam9ation ( ^! has l$ e "o :o admits composite au?or%ip 9 ! ,p5tateu* to see t f *apt] xxvii4 onw>ds ! orig9al "w has be5 brok5 up & dovetail$ aga9 ) ! works ( ,,je & ,p2 s t compon5t p>ts ( ! fir/ f\r books ( ! ,hexateu* appe> along ) elem5ts :i* ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy has suppli$4 ,we h1 9 fact1 be=e u1 f ?is po9t1 ! "w ( ! editor :o fitt$ ,deut]onomy into ! framework ( ! ,p5tateu*2 & x is ( importance1 f an expository po9t ( view ev51 to endeav\r to re/ore ,deut]onomy to its orig9al =m1 & to foll[ out ! traces ( x t are left4 ,z we h said1 we mu/ look = ! ?reats & promises :i* und\bt$ly =m$ "p ( x4 ,^! are conta9$ 9 *apt]s xxvii4 & xxviii4 ,b a c>eful read] w feel at once t *apt] xxvii4 di/urbs ! connection1 & t xxviii4 %\ld foll[ xxvi4 ,9 *apt] xxvii41 vv4 #i & #aj alone seem necess>y to give a transition to *apt] xxviii42 & if all ! re/ 7 omitt$ we %\ld h exactly :at ! n>rative 9 ,k+s w\ld lead u to expect1 a coh]5t1 natural sequ5ce ( bless+s & curses1 :i* %\ld foll[ fai?fulness to ! cov5ant1 or unfai?fulness4 ,! re/ ( *apt] xxvii4 is n consi/5t ei!r ) itself or ) ,jo%4 viii4 #cj1 :]e ! accompli%m5t ( t :i* is comm&$ "h is record$4 ,9 vv4 #a-c ,moses & ! eld]s comm& ! p to set up great /ones & plai/] !m ) plai/] & write ^u !m all ! words ( ?is law1 on ! day :5 !y %all pass ov] ,jordan1 t !y may g 9 unto ! l&4 ,9 v]4 #d x is said t ^! /ones are to be set up 9 ,m\nt ,ebal1 & !re an alt> ( unhewn /ones is to be built1 & sacrifices (f]$1 & ?\ %alt write ^u ! /ones v pla9ly4 ,f ! position ( ?is la/ clause & ! m5tion ( ,m\nt ,ebal1 ! c\rse ( ev5ts w\ld be q diff]5t f t :i* vv4 #a-c sugge/4 ,! /ones 71 accord+ to ! v]ses #d ff41 to be set up 9 ,m\nt ,ebal2 out ( ^! an alt> ( unhewn /ones 0 to be built2 & on !m ! law 0 to be inscrib$1 & ?is is :at ,jo%ua says 0 done4 ,b if we take all ! v]ses1 #a-h1 toge!r1 we c reconcile !m only by ! hypo!sis t ! /ones 7 set up z soon z ,jordan 0 cross$1 plai/]$1 & inscrib$ ) ! law2 t aft]w>ds !y 7 remov$ to ,m\nt ,ebal & built into an alt> ( unhewn /one1 ^u :i* sacrifices 7 (f]$4 ,b t surely is 9 ! highe/ degree improbable2 & s9ce we "k t 9 o!r cases two n>ratives h be5 comb9$ 9 ! sacr$ text1 t w\ld seem ! mo/ probable solution "h4 ,v]ses #d-h w 9 t case be a lat] ins]tion1 probably f ,j4 ,9 ! same connection vv4 #ae-bf conta9 a li/ ( crimes :i* are visit$ ) a curse & no bless+s2 ?is _c be ! proclamation ( bless+ & curs+ :i* is "h requir$4 ,fur!r1 ?is li/ mu/ be by a diff]5t au?or1 = x affixes curses to "s crimes :i* are n m5tion$ 9 ,deut]onomy1 & omits su* s9s z idolatry1 :i* are cont9ually m5tion$ !re4 ,?is section mu/ consequ5tly h be5 ins]t$ "h by "s lat] h&4 ,x mu/ probably h be5 lat] ev5 ?an ! "t ( ! writ] ( ,jo%4 viii4 #cc ff41 s9ce ! arrangem5t z report$ !re diff]s f :at is prescrib$ "h4 ,moreov]1 z !re is no?+ new 9 ^! sections1 & all !y say is repeat$ sub/antially 9 *apt] xxviii41 we may give our att5tion :olly to *apt] xxviii4 #a-fh1 z be+ ! orig9al proclamation ( bless+ & curse4 ,b o!r entanglem5ts foll[4 ,*apt]s xxix4 & xxx4 manife/ly conta9$ an adieu on ! "p ( ,moses1 :o turns f9ally to ! p ) an affect+ & solemn spee* ( f>ewell4 ,t appe>s 9 *apt]s xxix4 & xxx4 ,b = _m reasons x is impossible to believe t ^! *apt]s z !y /& are ! orig9al spee* ( ,deut]onomy4#abf ,! language is 9 l>ge "p diff]5t1 & !re are ref]5ces to ! ,book ( ! ,law z be+ already writt5 out 7*ap4 xxix4 #ai f4 #bf1 & *ap4 xxx4 #aj74 ,x is probably !re=e an editor's rewrit+ ( ! orig9al spee*1 & f ! fact t x conta9s _m po9ts ( contact ) ,j]emiah 9 ?\ghts & words1 x is probably to be dat$ 9 ! ,exile4 ,b !re is ano!r noticeable ?+ 9 connection ) x4 ,x has a rem>kable resemblance 9 ^! & o!r respects to *apt] iv4 #a-dj4 ,t passage c h>dly h orig9ally foll[$ *apt]s i4-iii41 if z is mo/ probable ^! 7 at fir/ an hi/oric introduction to ,deut]onomy4 ,! hortative "* ( iv4 #a-dj %[s t x mu/ h be5 plac$ :]e x is by a revis]4 ,b ! language1 ?\gh n altoge!r t ( ,deut]onomy1 is l x1 & ! ?\ght is also ,deut]onomic4 ,probably ! passage mu/ h be5 transf]r$ f "s o!r "p ( ,deut]onomy & adapt$ by ! editor4 ,a clue to its true place may p]haps be f\nd 9 v]4 #h1 :]e all ?is law is spok5 ( z if x 7 already giv51 & 9 v]4 #e1 :]e we read1 ,behold1 ,i h taught y /atutes & judgm5ts4 ,^! passages imply t ! law ( ,deut]onomy _h be5 giv51 & 9 t case *apt] iv4 mu/ belong to a clos+ spee*4 ,we probably %all n be 9 error1 !re=e1 9 ?9k+ t *apt]s iv4 #a-dj & xxix4 & xxx4 are all f\nd$ on an orig9al f>ewell spee* :i* /ood 9 ,deut]onomy aft] ! bless+ & ! curse4 #abf ,cf4 ,dillmann1 ,deut]onomy1 pp4 #agh ff4 ,b x may be ask$1 if t be s1 :y did an editor make ^! *anges8 ,! answ] is to be f\nd 9 two passages 9 *apt]s xxxi4 & xxxii4 :i* _c be h>monis$ z !y /&4 ,9 xxxi4 #ai we are told t ,yahweh comm&$ ,moses to write ?is song & tea* x to ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 t ?is song may be a witness = ,me aga9/ ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 & v]4 #bb1 ,s ,moses wrote ?is song4 ,b 9 vv4 #bh f4 we read t ,moses said1 ,assemble unto me all ! eld]s ( ! tribes & y\r (fic]s1 t ,i may speak ^! words 9 _! e>s1 & call heav5 & e>? to witness aga9/ !m4 ,obvi\sly ^! words are diff]5t f ?is song1 & are meant = a diff]5t purpose4 ,! same ambiguity occurs at ! end ( ! song 9 vv4 #dd ff41 :]e we fir/ read ( ,moses end+ ?is song1 & 9 ! next v]se we read1 ,& ,moses made an end ( speak+ all ^! words to all ,israel4 ,n[ :at has become ( ^! words8 ,9 all probability !y 7 ! sub/ance ( *apt]s iv4 & xxix4 & xxx41 & 7 sep>at$ & amplifi$1 because ! editor :o fitt$ ,deut]onomy into ! ,p5tateu* took ov] ! song 9 *apt] xxxii41 z well z ^? passages ( xxxi4 & xxxii4 t speak ( ?is song1 f ,,je4 ,he accept$ !m z a fitt+ conclusion = ! c>e] ( ,moses1 & transf]r$ ! orig9al spee*1 :i* we suppose to h be5 ! la/ great utt]ance ( ! orig9al ,deut]onomy1 putt+ ! ma9 "p ( x imm$iately be=e ! song1 b tak+ p>ts out ( x to =m a hortatory end+ 7su* z ! o!r ,moses' spee*es h7 to t fir/ "o :i* he _h =m$ out ( ! hi/oric introduction4 ,?is may seem a v complicat$ process & an unlikely "o2 b aft] ! f\ndation _h be5 built by ,dillmann1 ,we/phal has elaborat$ ! :ole matt] ) su* lum9\s =ce t x seems h>dly possible to d\bt t ! facts c be acc\nt$ = only 9 ?is way4 ,by piec+ toge!r iv41 xxx41 & xxxi4 he produces a spee* s ?or\ghly coh]5t & consi/5t t ! m]e read+ ( x becomes ! mo/ cog5t pro( ( ! sub/antial tru? ( 8 argum5t4#abg #abg ,le ,deut]onome 7,t\l\se1 #ahia71 pp4 #fb-ge4 ,! ord] 9 :i* he disposes ( ! v]ses is z foll[s3 ,deut4 xxxi4 #bd-bi1 xxix4 #a-ae1 iv4 #a1 #b1 xxix4 #af-ba1 iv4 #c-cj1 xxix4 #bb-bh1 iv4 #cj1 #ca1 xxx4 #a-aj1 iv4 #cb-dj1 xxx4 #aa-bj1 xxxii4 #de-dg4 ,if be=e ?is we place xxxi4 #a-ac1 we %all probably h ! orig9al sequ5ce fully re/or$4 ,an analysis ( x w %[ ?is1 7#a7 ,!re is ! introduction2 up till n[ ! p h und]/ood nei!r ! comm&s nor ! love ( ,yahweh 7xxix4 #a-i74 7#b7 ,!re is ! explanation ( ! ,cov5ant 7xxix4 #aj-ae72 7#c7 ,a comm& to obs]ve ! ,cov5ant 7iv4 #a1 #b72 7#d7 ,w>n+ aga9/ individual transgression1 :i* w be puni%$ by ! de/ruction ( ! rebel 7xxix4 #af-ba1 iv4 #c1 #d72 7#e7 ,w>n+ aga9/ collective transgression1 :i* w be puni%$ by ! ru9 ( ! p 7iv4 #e-bf74 ,! au?or1 f ?is po9t reg>d+ ! transgression z an accompli%$ fact1 ann\nces3 7#f7 ,! disp]sion & exile ( ! p 7iv4 #bg1 #bh72 7#g7 ,! impression produc$ on future g5]ations by ! horror ( ?is disp]sion 7xxix4 #bb-bh72 7#h7 ,! conv]sion ( ! exiles to ,god 7iv4 #cj1 #ca72 7#i7 ,_! return to ! l& ( _! fa!rs xxx4 7#a-aj74 7#aj7 ,9 conclusion1 x is /at$ t ! p[] ( ,yahweh to su/a9 ! fai? ( ,8 p & to save !m is gu>ante$ by ! pa/ 7iv4 #cb-dj72 & !re is no reason !re=e t ! p %\ld %r9k f obey+ ! comm&m5t prescrib$ to !m4 ,x is a matt] ( w4 ,life & dea? are be=e !m2 let !m *oose 7xxx4 #aa-bj74 ,! analysis ( ! rema9+ *apt]s is n difficult4 ,*apt] xxxi41 vv4 #ad-bc & #cj1 =m ! introduction to ! song1 *apt] xxxii41 vv4 #a-dc1 j z v]4 #dd is ! conclusion ( x4 ,bo? introduction & song are extract$ probably f ,j & ,e4 ,v]ses #dh-eb are aft] ,p4 ,!n foll[s ! bless+ ( ,moses1 *apt] xxxiii4 ,f9ally1 *apt] xxxiv4 conta9s an acc\nt ( ,moses' dea? & a f9al eulogy ( him1 9 :i* all ! s\rces ,,je1 ,p1 & ,d h be5 call$ into requisition4 ,! ?reefold cord :i* runs ?r\gh ! o!r books ( ! ,p5tateu* 0 untwi/$ to receive ,deut]onomy1 & has be5 re-twi/$ s z to b9d ! ,p5tateu* into "o coh]5t :ole4 ,t is ! result ( ! microscopic exam9ation :i* ! text z x /&s has und]gone1 & we may pretty c]ta9ly accept x z correct4 ,b we %\ld n lose sight ( ! fact t1 z ! book is n[ arrang$1 x has a notable coh]5ce ( its own1 & ! impression ( unity :i* x conveys is 9 itself a result ( great lit]>y skill4 ,n only has ! editor comb9$ ,deut]onomy into ! o!r n>ratives mo/ successfully1 b he has done s n only )\t falsify+1 b s z to confirm & enhance ! impression :i* ! orig9al book 0 meant to convey4 ,we turn n[ to ! sub/ance ( ! two spee*es--! proclamation ( ! bless+ & ! curse1 & ! great f>ewell address4 ,z we h se51 ! fir/ is conta9$ 9 *apt] xxviii4 ,if any evid5ce 7 n[ ne$$ t ?is *apt] 0 writt5 lat] ?an ! ,mosaic "t1 x might be f\nd 9 ! space giv5 to ! curses1 & ! mu* heavi] emphasis laid ^u !m ?an ^u ! bless+s4 ,n t ,moses might n h prophetically =etold ,israel's disreg>d ( w>n+s4 ,b if ! heights to :i* ,israel 0 actually to rise _h be5 be=e ! au?or's m9d z /ill future1 in/ead ( be+ wrapp$ 9 ! mi/s ( ! pa/1 he c\ld n b h dwelt m equally ^u bo? sides ( ! picture4 ,:atev] sup]natural gifts a prophet might h1 he 0 /ill & 9 all ?+s a man4 ,he 0 subject to moods l o!rs1 & ! det]m9ation ( ^! dep5d$ ^u 8 surr\nd+s4 ,he 0 n kept by ! p[] ( ,god beyond ! %ad[s :i* ! cl\ds 9 8 sky might ca/2 & we may safely say t if ! curses :i* are to foll[ disob$i5ce are elaborat$ & dwelt ^u mu* m ?an ! bless+s :i* are to rew>d ob$i5ce1 x is because ! au?or liv$ at a "t ( unfai?fulness & revolt4 ,obvi\sly 8 contempor>ies 7 go+ f> 9 ! evil way1 & he w>ns !m ) int5se & eag] e>ne/ness aga9/ ! dang]s !y are s recklessly incurr+4 ,b aft] all we h se5 ( ! spirituality ( ! ,deut]onomic tea*+1 & its insi/5ce ^u love z ! true bond betwe5 m5 & ,god & ! true motive to all "r action1 x is p]haps disappo9t+ to "s to f9d h[ entirely ^! promises & ?reats h _! c5tre 9 ! mat]ial _w4 ,probably n[h]e else w ! tru? ( ,bacon's fam\s say+ t ,prosp]ity is ! bless+ ( ! ,old ,te/am5t be m conspicu\sly se5 ?an "h4 ,if ,israel be fai?ful %e is promis$ productivity1 ri*es1 success 9 w>4 ,ev5 :5 x is promis$ t %e %all be e/abli%$ by ,yahweh z a holy p unto ,himself1 ! mean+ seems to be t ! p %all be sep>at$ f o!rs by ^! e>?ly fav\rs1 r ?an t !y %all h ! moral & spiritual qualities :i* ! ^w holy n[ connotes4 ,o!r nations %all fe> ,israel because ( ! ,div9e fav\r4 ,israel %all be rais$ above !m all4 ,if x become unfai?ful1 on ! o!r h&1 x is to be visit$ ) pe/il5ce1 consumption1 fev]1 inflammation1 sword1 bla/+1 mildew4 ,! e>? is to be iron b5ea? !m1 & ! heav5 above !m brass4 ,in/ead ( ra9 !y are to h du/2 !y are to be visit$ ) m ?an ,egyptian plagues4 ,_! m9ds are to refuse to s]ve !m2 !y are to be defeat$ 9 w>2 _! c\ntry is to be ov]run by m>aud]s2 _! wives & *ildr51 _! cattle & _! crops1 are to fall into ! enemy's h&s4 ,locu/s & all kn[n pe/s are to fall ^u _! fields2 & !y !mselves are to be c>ri$ away captive1 aft] hav+ endur$ ! wor/ horrors ( siege1 & be5 compell$ by hung] to dev\r _! own *ildr54 ,& 9 exile !y %all be an a/oni%m5t1 a prov]b1 & a by-^w1 & %all be rul$ by oppressive ali5s4 ,wor/ ( all1 !y %all !re lose hope 9 ,god & %all s]ve o!r gods1 ev5 wood & /one4 ,_! lives %all hang 9 d\bt be=e !m4 ,9 ! morn+ !y %all say1 ,w\ld ,god x 7 ev5+1 & at ev5 !y %all say1 ,w\ld ,god x 7 morn+4 ,all ! deliv]ance ,yahweh _h wr\ght = !m by br++ !m out ( ,egypt w\ld be undone1 & once m !y %\ld g back into ,egyptian bondage4 ,all t is mat]iali/ic en\gh2 b !re is no ne$ to make apology = ,deut]onomy1 nev]!less4 ,! prophet has taught ! high] law2 he has root$ all human duty1 bo? to ,god & man1 9 love to ,god1 & n[ he tries to enli/ man's natural fe> & hope z allies ( 8 highe/ pr9ciple4 ,h[ ju/ifiable t is we h already se5 9 ,*apt] ,,xii41 pp4 #bca ff4 ,b a m s]i\s "q is rais$ :5 x is ask$1 does ,nature1 9 def9ite sob] tru?1 l5d itself1 9 ! mann] impli$ ?r\gh\t ?is *apt]1 to ! support ( religi\s & moral fidelity8 ,at a "t :5 imag9ative lit]ature is l>gely devot+ itself to an angry or qu]ul\s d5ial ( any righte\s =ce work+ = ! un=tunate & ! fai?ful1#abh !re c be no "q :at ! popul> answ] to su* a "q w\ld be4 ,b f ! ranks ( lit]ature itself we may summon te/imony on ! o!r side4 ,mr4 ,hall ,ca9e1 9 8 address at ! ,ed9burgh ,philosophical ,in/itution1 ma9ta9s 9 a wid] & m g5]al way ! ess5ce ( ! ,deut]onomic !sis :5 he says1 ,i c\nt him ! greate/ g5ius :o t\*es ! magnetic & ,div9e *ord 9 humanity :i* is always wait+ to vibrate to ! sublime hope ( recomp5se2 ,i c\nt him ! greate/ man :o tea*es m5 t ! _w is rul$ 9 righte\sness4 ,& 8 ju/ification ( t position is too admirable n to be quot$3 ,life is made up ( a multitude ( fragm5ts1 a sea ( _m curr5ts1 (t5 com+ into collision & ?r[+ up break]s4 ,we look ar\nd & see wrong-do+ victori\s1 & "r-do+ 9 ! du/2 ! evil man gr[+ ri* & dy+ 9 8 b$1 ! good man becom+ poor & dy+ 9 ! /reet2 & our he>ts s9k & we say1 ,:at is ,god do+ aft] all 9 ?is _w ( ,8 *ildr58 ,b our days are few1 our view is limit$1 we _c wat* ! ev5t long en\gh to see ! end :i* ,provid5ce sees4 ,x is ! v prov9ce ( imag9ative g5ius1 he goes on to say1 to see t :i* ! common m9d _c see1 to (f] to x at lea/ sugge/ions ( h[ ^! triumphs ( unrighte\sness may be acc\nt$ = 9 accordance ) ! law t righte\sness rules 9 ! _w4 ,we w\ld g fur!r4 ,x is "o ( ! ma9 purposes ( inspiration to g beyond ev5 imag9ative g5ius1 to po9t out 9 hi/ory n only h[ "r may p]haps ultimately triumph1 b h[ x has be5 9 reality & mu/ be victori\s4 ,= x w n d to %ut (f ! _w ( mat]ial ?+s f ! work+ ( ?is great & univ]sal law4 ,ow+ to ! n>r[ fanaticism ( sci5ce1 mod]n m5 h become sceptical1 n only ( miracle1 b ev5 ( ! fundam5tal tru? t righte\sness is pr(itable = ! life t n[ is1 t 9 foll[+ righte\sness m5 are co-op]at+ ) ! deepe/ law ( ! univ]se4 ,b x rema9s a tru? = all t4 ,x is writt5 deep 9 ! he>t ( man2 & 9 m wav]+ l9es p]haps1 b /ill mo/ legibly1 x is writt5 on ! face ( ?+s4 ,) ! limitations ( 8 "t & place1 ?is is :at ! ,deut]onomi/ prea*es4 ,d\btless he has n fac$1 z ,job does1 ! :ole ( ! problem2 /ill less has he atta9$ to ! f9al insight exhibit$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 t temporal gifts may be curses 9 disguise1 t ! highe/ region ( recomp5se is 9 ! et]nal life1 9 ! doma9 ( ?+s :i* are invisible b et]nal4 ,he does n yet "k1 ?\gh he has p]haps a pres5tim5t ( x1 t be+ completely /ripp$ ( all e>?ly good may be ! pa? to ! highe/ victory--! victory :i* makes m5 m ?an conqu]ors ?r\gh ,*ri/4 ,nev]!less he is1 mak+ ^! all[ances1 "r1 & ! mod]ns are wrong4 ,9 _m ways ob$i5ce to spiritual inspirations does br+ worldly prosp]ity4 ,! abs5ce ( moral & spiritual fai?fulness does affect ev5 ! fruitfulness ( ! soil1 ! fecundity ( animals1 ! preval5ce ( disease1 ! /ability ( ord]$ life & success 9 w>4 ,?is 0 visible to ! anci5t _w g5]ally 9 a dim way2 b by ! inspir$ m5 ( ! ,old ,cov5ant x 0 cle>ly se51 = !y 7 enlight5$ = ! v purpose ( see+ ! h& ( ,god :]e o!rs saw x n4 ,b !y nev] ?\ght ( trac+ out ! *a9 ( int]m$iate causes by :i* su* results 7 connect$ ) m5's spiritual /ate4 ,!y saw ! facts1 !y recognis$ ! tru?1 & !y ?rew !mselves back at once ^u ! w ( ,god z ! suffici5t explanation4 #abh ,cf4 ,rec5t fiction1 e4g4 ,! ,african ,f>m1 ,tess ( ! ,d',urbevilles1 ,! ,heav5ly ,tw9s4 ,we1 on ! o!r h&1 h be5 s dilig5t 9 trac+ out ! imm$iately prec$+ l9ks ( natural causation t1 = ! mo/ "p1 we h be5 fatigu$ be=e we rea*$ ,god4 ,we consequ5tly h lo/ view ( ,him2 & x is :olesome = u to be br\ght %>ply into contact ) ! anci5t ,ori5tal m9d z we are "h1 9 ord] t we may be =c$ to g ! :ole way back to ,him4 ,= ! fact is t mu* ( t v process ( decay & de/ruction f moral causes is go+ on be=e u 9 c\ntries l ,turkey & ,morocco1 :]e social righte\sness is all b unkn[n1 & private morality is l[4 ,a truly mod]n m9d scorns ! idea t ! f]tility ( ! soil c be affect$ by immorality4 ,yet !re is ! :ole ( ,mesopotamia to %[ t misgov]nm5t c make a g>d5 into a des]t4 ,:]e teem+ populations once cov]$ ! c\ntry ) fruitful g>d5s & luxuri\s cities1 !re is n[ 9 ! l&s ( ! ,tigris & ,euphrates a few h&fuls ( p1 & all ! f]tility ( ! c\ntry has disappe>$4 ,irrigation *annels :i* made all ?+s live h be5 *ok$ up & h be5 gradually fill$ ) drift+ s&1 & "o ( ! mo/ popul\s & f]tile c\ntries ( ! _w has become a des]t4 ,9 ,pale/9e ! same ?+ may be se54 ,"u ,turki% dom9ation ! "* ( ! soil has be5 entirely *ang$4 ,9 _m places :]e 9 anci5t days ! hills 7 t]rac$ to ! top ! sweep+ ra9s h _h _! way1 & ! v soil has be5 c>ri$ (f1 leav+ only rocks to bli/] 9 ! pitiless sun4 ,ev5 9 ! less likely sph]e ( animal fecundity mod]n sci5ce %[s t peace & good gov]nm5t & righte\s ord] are causes ( extraord9>y p[]4 ,& ! movem5ts :i* are go+ on ar\nd u at ?is day 9 ! elevation & depression ( nations & races h a visible connection ) fidelity or lack ( fidelity to kn[n pr9ciples ( ord] & ju/ice4 ,?is c be said )\t conceal+ h[ scanty & p>tial 9 mo/ cases su* atta9m5ts are4 ,prevail+ pr9ciples c be disc]n$ 9 ! provid5ce :i* rules ! _w4 ,& ^! are ( su* a k9d t ! connection :i* ob$i5ce to ! highe/ kn[n rules ( life has ) f]tility1 success & prosp]ity1 is con/ant & intimate4 ,x is1 too1 f> wid] rea*+ ?an at fir/ sight w\ld seem possible4 ,to ?is ext5t1 ev5 mod]n k ju/ifies ^! bless+s & curses ( ,deut]onomy4 ,b x may be ask$1 ,is ?is all ! ,old ,te/am5t means by su* ?reats & promises8 ,does x recognise any ev5 self-impos$ limitations to ! direct action ( ,div9e p[]8 ,mo/ probably x does n4 ,?\gh always keep+ cle> ( ,pan!ism1 ! ,old ,te/am5t is s fill$ & possess$ by ! ,div9e ,pres5ce t all second causes are ignor$1 & ! action ( ,god ^u nature 0 conceiv$1 z x c\ld n fail to be1 on ! analogy ( a workman us+ tools4 ,n[ t ! me?ods ( ,div9e action 9 nature h be5 /udi$ 9 ! light ( sci5ce1 !y h be5 f\nd to be m fix$ & regul> ?an 0 suppos$4 ,! ext5t ( _! op]ation1 too1 has be5 f\nd to be immeasurably wid]1 & ! purposes :i* h to be c>$ = at e mom5t are n[ se5 to be inf9itely v>i\s4 ,z a result1 human ?\ght has fall5 back disc\rag$1 & takes refuge m & m 9 a conception ( nature :i* practically deifies x1 or at lea/ entirely sep>ates x f any intimate relation to ! w ( ,god4 ,x is ev5 d5i$ t !re is any purpose 9 ! _w at all1 or any goal1 & to *ance or fate all ! vicissitudes ( life & ! me*anical *anges ( nature are attribut$4 ,b ?\gh we mu/ recognise1 z ! ,old ,te/am5t does n1 t ord9>y ,div9e action fl[s out 9 p]fectly well-def9$ *annels1 & is s /able 9 its movem5t t results 9 ! sph]e ( physical nature may be pr$ict$ ) c]ta9ty2 & ?\gh we see1 z 0 n se5 9 anci5t days1 t ev5 ,god does n always approa* ,8 ends by direct & %ort-cut pa?s1--^! consid]ations only make ! ,old ,te/am5t view m inspir+ & m heal?ful = u4 ,we may ga!r f x ! inf]5ce t if ! f]tility ( a l&1 ! frequ5cy ( disease1 & success 9 w> are s p[]fully affect$ by ! moral & spiritual quality ( a p1 x is v likely t 9 subtl] & less palpable ways ! same influ5ces produce simil> effects1 ev5 9 regions :]e !y _c be trac$4 ,if s1 :atev] all[ance may be requir$ = ! inevitable simplicity ( ,old ,te/am5t conceptions on ?is subject1 h[ev] mu* we miss ! limitations we h le>n$ to reg>d z necess>y1 ! ,deut]onomic view z to ! effects ( moral & spiritual decl5sion ^u ! mat]ial =tunes ( a p is mu* ne>] ! tru? ?an our timor\s & hesitat+ half-belief4 ,to f9d ^! effects emphasis$ & affirm$ z !y are "h1 !re=e1 acts z a mu* ne$$ tonic 9 our spiritual life4 ,com+ too f a man :o possess$1 if ev] man did1 ,div9ely inspir$ insight into ! process ( ! _w & ! ideal ( human life1 ^! promises & w>n+s br+ ,god ne>4 ,!y dissipate ! mi/s :i* obscure ! work+s ( ,god's ,provid5ce1 & keep be=e u aspects ( tru? :i* x is ! pres5t t5d5cy ( ?\ght to ignore too mu*4 ,!y decl>e 9 acc5ts :i* c>ry conviction t1 ev5 9 mat]ial ?+s1 ! ,"l reigne?2 & = t ! _w has reason to be supremely glad4 ,c]ta9ly ,*ri/ians n[ "k t prosp]ity 9 mat]ial ?+s is by no means ,god's be/ gift4 ,t great pr9ciple mu/ be held to firmly1 z well z ! legitimacy ( ! vivid hopes & fe>s ( ,old ,te/am5t times reg>d+ ! mat]ial rew>ds ( "r-do+4 ,9 _m ways ! new pr9ciple mu/ ov]rule & modify = u ^? hopes & fe>s4 ,b ) ?is limitation we are ju/ifi$ 9 occupy+ ! ,deut]onomic /&po9t & 9 repeat+ ! ,deut]onomic w>n+s4 ,= to its v core ! _w is ,god's2 & ^? :o f9d ,8 work+ ev]y:]e are ^? ^: eyes h be5 op5$ to ! inmo/ tru? ( ?+s4 ,) reg>d to ! f>ewell spee* conta9$ 9 *apt]s xxix4 & xxx4 & ! relat$ p>ts ( *apt] iv4 & *apt] xxxi4 !re is n mu* to be said4 ,tak5 z a :ole1 x develops ! promises & ?reats ( ! previ\s *apt]s1 & repeats aga9 ) affectionate hortatory purpose mu* ( ! hi/ory4 ,b !re is n a great deal t is new2 mo/ ( ! und]ly+ pr9ciples ( ! address h be5 already dealt )4 ,tak5 accord+ to ! recon/ruction ( ! spee* & its re9s]tion 9 its orig9al framework1 ! c\rse ( ?+s w\ld seem to h be5 ?is4 ,aft] ! ?reats & promises _h be5 conclud$1 ,moses1 c>ry+ on ! injunction ( iii4 #bh1 address$ 7*apt] xxxii4 #h7 all ! p & appo9t$ ,jo%ua to be 8 successor2 !n he wrote out ?is law1 & produc$ x be=e ! prie/s & eld]s ( ! p1 ) ! in/ruction t at ! end ( e sev5 ye>s1 at ! fea/ ( release1 9 ! fea/ ( tab]nacles1 x %\ld be read be=e all ,israel1 m51 wom51 & *ildr5 7*apt] xxxi41 w4 #i-ac74 ,!n he gave ! book to ! ,levites1 t !y might lay x up by ! side ( ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant ( ,yahweh _! ,god1 t x might be !re = a witness aga9/ !m :5 !y became unfai?ful1 z he =esaw !y w\ld4 ,he next summons all ,israel to him1 & deliv]s ! f>ewell address conta9$ 9 *apt]s iv41 xxix41 & xxx41 an outl9e ( :i* has already be5 giv5 7p4 #dch71 accord+ to ,we/phal's recomb9ation4 ,?is w\ld seem to indicate t ,moses himself inaugurat$ ! cu/om ( read+ ! law & giv+ in/ruction to all ! p1 :i* he prescrib$ = ! fea/ ( tab]nacles 9 ! ye> ( release4 ,aft] ! law _h be5 giv5 he address$ ! :ole p 9 ?is f>ewell spee*4 ,b ?\gh on ! :ole !re is no ne$ = detail$ exposition "h1 !re are "o or two ?+s :i* ought to be notic$1 ?+s :i* express ! _s ( ,deut]onomy s directly & s s9c]ely t !y c be id5tifi$ z =m+ "p ( ! orig9al ,deut]onomic spee*4 ,"o ( ^! is unque/ionably xxx4 #aa-bj4 ,at ! end ( ! f>ewell address a return is made to ! core ( ! :ole ,deut]onomic tea*+3 ,?\ %alt love ,yahweh ?y ,god ) all ?y he>t1 & ) all ?y s\l1 & ) all ?y might4 ,?is 0 ann\nc$ ) unique emphasis at ! beg9n+2 x has la9 beh9d all ! special comm&s :i* h be5 insi/$ ^u s9ce2 & n[ x em]ges aga9 into view z ! conclusion ( ! :ole matt]4 ,= beyond d\bt ?is1 & n ! :ole s]ies ( legal precepts1 is :at is meant by ?is comm&m5t 9 v]se #aa4 ,bo? be=e x1 9 ! six? & t5? v]ses1 & aft] x1 9 ! sixte5? & tw5tie? v]ses1 ?is precept is repeat$ & insi/$ on z ! ,div9e comm&4 ,_h ! individual comm&s or ! :ole mass ( !m toge!r be5 meant1 ! phrase us$ w\ld h be5 diff]5t4 ,x w\ld h be5 t 9 v]4 #aj1 :]e !y are call$ ,8 comm&m5ts & ,8 /atutes :i* are writt5 9 ?is book ( ! law1 or some?+ analog\s4 ,no1 x is ! c5tral comm& ( love to ,god1 )\t :i* all ext]nal ob$i5ce is va91 :i* is ! !me ( ?is la/ great p>agraph2 & a cle> p]ception ( ?is w c>ry u ?r\gh bo? ! obscurities ( x1 & ! difficulties ( ,/4 ,paul's application ( x 9 ! ,romans4 ,( ?is !n ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy says3 ,x is n too h>d = !e1 nei!r is x f> (f4 ,x is n 9 heav51 t ?\ %\lde/ say1 ,:o %all g up = u to heav51 & br+ x unto u1 & make u to he> x1 t we may d x8 ,nei!r is x beyond ! sea1 t ?\ %\lde/ say1 ,:o %all g ov] ! sea = u1 & br+ x unto u1 & make u to he> x1 t we may d x8 ,b ! ^w is v nigh unto !e1 9 ?y m\?1 & 9 ?y he>t1 t ?\ maye/ d x4 ,t is to say1 !re is no my/]y or difficulty ab\t ?is comm&m5t ( love4 ,nei!r h y to g to ! utt]mo/ p>ts ( ! sea to he> x1 nor ne$ y se>* into ! my/]ies ( heav54 ,x has be5 br\ght ne> to y by all ! m]cy & =giv5ess & k9dness ( ,yahweh2 x has be5 made kn[n to y n[ by my m\?1 ev5 9 its pettie/ applications4 ,b t is n all2 x is grav5 on y\r own he>t1 :i* leaps up 9 glad response to ?is dem&1 & 9 answ] to ! manife/ation ( ,god's love = y4 ,x is really ! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( y\r own nature t is appeal$ to4 ,y %\ld cle>ly feel t life 9 ! love ( ,god & man is ! only fit life = y :o are made 9 ! image ( ,god4 ,if y d1 !n ! fulfilm5t ( all ! ,div9e precepts w be easy1 & y\r lives w light5 m & m unto ! p]fect day4 ,n[1 = an ,ori5tal ( ! pre-,*ri/ian era su* tea*+ is mo/ m>vell\s4 ,h[ m>vell\s x is ,*ri/ians p]haps f9d x difficult to see4 ,9 po9t ( fact1 _m h d5i$ t ,old ,te/am5t tea*+ ev] _h ?is "*4 ,misl$ by ! doctr9es ( ,islam1 ! great ,semitic religion ( to-day1 _m ass]t t ! religion ( anci5t ,israel call$ ^u m5 to submit to m]e p[] 9 submitt+ to ,god4 ,b ! appeal ( our text to ! he>t ( man %[s t ?is is an error4 ,no su* appeal has ev] be5 made to ,mohamm$ans4 ,_! /ate ( m9d 9 reg>d to ,god is repres5t$ by ! rem>k ( a rec5t travell] 9 ,p]sia4 ,speak+ ( ! ,p]sian ,babis1 :o may be describ$ r\ghly z an h]etical sect ^: m9ds h be5 =m$ by ,mohamm$anism1 he says3 ,!y seem$ to h no conception ( absolute good1 or absolute tru?2 to !m good 0 m]ely :at ,god *ose to orda91 & tru? :at ,he *ose to reveal1 s t !y c\ld n und]/& h[ any "o c\ld attempt to te/ ! tru? ( a religion by an e?ical & moral /&>d4#abi ,n[ t is precisely ! opposite ( ! ,deut]onomic attitude4 ,israel is enc\rag$ & incit$ to "r action by hav+ x po9t$ out t n only exp]i5ce1 n only ,div9ely giv5 /atutes & judgm5ts1 b ! v nature ( man itself gu>antees ! tru? ( ?is supreme law ( love4 ,! law laid ^u m5 is no?+ /range to1 or incongru\s )1 _! own bett] selves4 ,x is ! v ?+ :i* _! he>ts h cri$ out =2 :5 x is proclaim$ ! high] nature 9 man recognises x & b[s be=e x4 ,x is n receiv$ because ( fe>1 nor is x b[$ be=e because x is back$ by p[] :i* c smite m5 to ! du/4 ,no2 ev5 9 its ru9s human nature is nobl] ?an t2 & ,deut]onomy ev]y:]e tea*es ) burn+ conviction t ,god is too e?ical & spiritual 9 nature to accept ! submission ( a slave4 #abi ,a ,ye> ,among ! ,p]sians1 ,e4 ,g4 ,br[ne1 p4 #djf4 ,?is read+ ( our passage is pla9ly t :i* ,/4 ,paul takes 9 ,rom4 x4 #e & #f4 ,he p]ceives1 :at s _m fail to d1 t ! _s & scope ( ! ,deut]onomic tea*+ are diff]5t f t ( ! purely legal sections ( ! ,p5tateu*4 ,paul !re=e quotes ! ,p5tateu* z hav+ already made ! di/9ction betwe5 works & fai? :i* he wi%es to emphasise1 & z hav+ di/9ctly giv5 pref]5ce to ! latt]4 ,leviticus1 keeps m5 at ! level ( ! work] = wages1 :ile ,deut]onomy 9 ?is passage1 by mak+ love to ,god ! ess5ce ( all true obs]vance ( ! law1 raises !m almo/ to ! level ( sons4 ,& j z 9 ^? anci5t days ! highe/ manife/ations ( ,god _h n to be lab\r$ = & s\ght by impot5t /riv+s1 b _h pla9ly be5 made kn[n to !m & _h f\nd an e*o 9 _! he>ts1 s n[ ! highe/ revelation _h be5 br\ght ne> to m5 9 ,*ri/1 & _h f\nd a simil> response4 ,!y did n ne$ to seek x 9 heav51 = x _h be5 br\ght to e>? 9 ! ,inc>nation4 ,!y did n ne$ to desc5d into ! abyss1 = all t 0 ne$$ _h be5 br\ght !nce by ,*ri/ at ,8 resurrection4 ,& 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t z 9 ! ,old1 ! simplicity ( ! entrance into true relations ) ,god is emphasis$4 ,love & fai? are ! fundam5tal conditions4 ,f !m ob$i5ce w naturally issue1 s9ce to fai? all ?+s are possible1 & to love all ?+s are easy4 ,,*apt] ,,xxv ,,! ,,song ,,& ,,bless+ ,,( ,,moses 7,a74 ,,! ,,song ,,( ,,moses ,,deut4 xxxii4 ,critics h debat$ ! date1 au?or%ip1 & hi/ory ( ?is song4 ,= ! pres5t purpose x is suffici5t1 p]haps1 to ref] to ! /atem5t on ^! po9ts 9 ! note bel[4#acj #acj ,! song is describ$1 9 ! n>rative framework1 z deliv]$ ?r\gh ,moses to ! *ildr5 ( ,israel4 ,on ! o!r h&1 int]nal evid5ce po9ts to a date aft] ! e/abli%m5t ( ! mon>*y--:5 ! days ( ,moses & ! ev5ts ( ! wild]ness 7 old1 :5 ! fruits ( ! l& 7 gifts ( ,god 9 pres5t use1 & :5 +ratitude & rebellion _h become conspicu\s1 s t judgm5t 0 imp5d+4 ,ei!r1 !n1 ,moses took 8 /&1 9 ! _s1 at a po9t ( "t long subsequ5t to 8 own dea?1 adapt$ ! song to its circum/ances1 & spoke n to 8 own g5]ation b to "o mu* lat]2 or a lat] prophet mu/ be ! writ]4 ,! objection to ! =m] view is support$ by argum5ts drawn f v>i\s features 9 ! language & ! allusions ( ! song1 :i* are ass]t$ to be indicative ( ! lat] orig94 ,on ! detail ( ^! we _c dwell4 ,b ! mo/ int]e/+ "p ( ! argum5t is ! position t ! transf]5ce ( ! prophetic consci\sness to a remote future p]iod1 9 ord] to give hope & guidance to a g5]ation n ! prophet's own1 is too improbable to be admitt$4 ,su* a process is n[ g5]ally reg>d$ z n impossible inde$1 b unhe>d ( 9 ! hi/ory ( prophecy4 ,! exam9ation ( ! prophets ( ! ,old ,te/am5t has conv9c$ /ud5ts t ! prophet's vision />ts f 8 own "t1 & is prim>ily = ! com=t & w>n+ ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,8 words may h a m remote ref]5ce1 b mu/ h ! ne>] "o4 ,h5ce ,isa4 xl4-lxvi4 is n[ ascrib$ to a prophet or prophets ( ! ,exile4 ,! pr9ciple is really ! same z t :i* det]m9es ! au?or%ip ( ,deut4 xxxiv4 #e-ab4 ,no "o n[ holds ! view ( "s ,jews1 t ,moses by ! _s ( prophecy wrote ?is himself4 ,yet if ,moses c\ld 9 a poem address 8 p z s9n+ & suff]+ ?r\gh rebellions induc$ by _! prosp]ity 9 ,canaan1 :i* !y _h n ent]$ :5 he di$1 "o might z well believe him to describe 8 own decease4 ,9 bo? cases we h to suppose ! m9d ( ,moses transport$ to a p]iod :5 he _h be5 remov$ by dea?1 t he might look back ^u & speak ( ev5ts :i* :5 he wrote 7 /ill future4 ,n[ 9 bo? cases a reason is lack+4 ,e "o accepts ! view t s9ce ,jo%ua or ,eleaz> 0 !re to write ! acc\nt ( ,moses' dea?1 x is unlikely ! lawgiv] %\ld h be5 inspir$ to write x himself4 ,j s1 s9ce ,yahweh inspir$ new prophets at e crisis ( ,8 p's hi/ory1 x seems unlikely t ! _s ( ,moses %\ld be transf]r$ to1 & made at home 91 ! circum/ances ( a di/ant g5]ation1 9 ord] to deliv] to x a message :i* c\ld h be5 made kn[n by a prophet to :om ! "t 0 pres5t4 ,nei!r ,kamphaus5 nor ,oettli nor ,dillmann nor ! ,engli% expositors :o accept ! non-,mosaic au?or%ip ( ! song h any d\bt z to ! sup]natural "* ( prophecy4 ,!y f\nd ^u obs]vations z to ! mann] ( ,old ,te/am5t prophecy1 :i* ought to regulate int]pretation4 ,accord+ to critical views ! ascription to ,moses ( ! reception & deliv]y ( ?is song 0 tak5 by ! ,deut]onomi/ f ,,je4 ,kautzs* supposes t an editor to :om ! song 0 kn[n z pass+ "u ! "n ( ,moses may h ins]t$ x4 ,dillmann sugge/s gr\nds = believ+ t sev]al pray]s & poems ascrib$ to ,moses 7includ+ ,psalm xc47 7 9 circulation 9 prophetic circles 9 ! ,nor!rn ,k+dom1 & t ?is "o ( !m 0 ins]t$ "h z its appropriate place4 ,! case w\ld be p>allel to ! ascription ( v>i\s lat] ,psalms to ,david4 ,comp>e also ! discussions z to ! song ( ,hannah1 #a ,sam4 ii4 ,! view t a mi/ake z to ! ,mosaic au?or%ip1 = :i* ! writ]s ( ,,je 7 n responsible1 0 h&$ on 9 p]fect good fai?1 is compatible ) ! doctr9e ( inspiration z held by repres5tatives ( ! or?odox ,evangelical s*ool 9 ,g]many1 & by ! new] ,evangelicals 9 ,engl&4 ,cf4 ,oettli1 ,deut]onomy1 p4 #bb1 & ,s&ay's ,bampton ,lecture4 ,b 9 discuss+ ! mean+ & cont5ts ( ! song ! diff]5ces ref]r$ to cause no difficulties4 ,on any supposition ! "t & circum/ances1 :e!r assum$ z pres5t1 or actually & really pres5t to ! prophet's m9d1 c cle>ly be id5tifi$ z n e>li] ?an ^? ( ! ,syrian w>s4 ,accept$ z deal+ ) t "t1 ?is poem takes its place among ! ,psalms ( t p]iod4 ,its subject is a v common "o 9 ,scripture3 ! goodness ( ,yahweh to ,8 p1 & _! unfai?fulness to ,him2 ,8 grief at _! rebellion2 ,8 puni%m5t ( !m by hea!n oppressors2 & ,8 turn+ 9 love to !m1 along ) ,8 de/ruction ( ! nations :o _h prematurely triumph$ ov] ! p ( ,god4 ,practically ?is is ! burd5 ( all ! prophecies1 z inde$ x may be said to be ! burd5 ( ! :ole ,book ( ,deut]onomy itself4 ,"h x is /at$ & elaborat$ ) great poetic skill2 b 9 ! ma91 ! ess5tial ?\ght1 !re is little t has n already be5 elucidat$4 ,z reg>ds =m ! poem is among ! f9e/ specim5s ( ,hebrew lit]>y art :i* ! ,old ,te/am5t conta9s4 ,e v]se conta9s at lea/ two p>allel clauses ( ?ree words or ^w-complexes ea*1 & ! p>allelism 9 ! great majority ( in/ances is ( ! ,synonym\s k9d2 t is to say1 ! second l9e en=ces ! ?\ght ( ! fir/ by repeat+1 & z x 7 e*o+ x 9 a v>i$ =m4#aca ,b into ?is z a f\ndation !re is wr\ght a great deal ( pleas+ v>iation4 ,! two-clause v]ses are v>i$ by s+le in/ances or c\plets or triplets ( f\r-clause v]ses2 :ile 9 two cases1 at ! emphatic end ( sections1 9 vv4 #ad & #ci1 ! r>e five-clause v]se is f\nd4 ,fur!r1 ! synonym\s p>allelism is reliev$ by occasional appe>ances ( ! syn!tic p>allelism1 9 :i* ! second l9e conta9s nei!r a repetition nor a contra/ to ! ?\ght ( ! fir/1 b 9 diff]5t ways supplem5ts & completes x1#acb e4g4 vv4 #h1 #ai1 & #bg4 #aca ,cf4 ,driv]'s ,introduction1 #e? edition1 p4 #cdj4 #acb ,cf4 ,driv]1 cit4 loc4 ,! cont5ts ( ! song are 9 e way wor?y ( ! orig9 assign$ to x1 & high] praise ?an t x is impossible to conceive4 ,beg9n+ ) a f9e exordium call+ ^u heav5 & e>? to give e>1 ! inspir$ poet expresses ! hope t 8 tea*+ may fall ) refre%+ & f]tilis+ p[] ^u ! he>ts ( m51 = he is ab\t to proclaim ! "n ( ,yahweh1 to :om all greatness is to be ascrib$4 ,9 vv4 #d ff4 ! "* & deal+s ( ,yahweh are set ov] aga9/ ^? ( ! p3-- ,! ,rock6 ,8 de$s are p]fect1 ,= all ,8 ways are judgm5t2 ,a ,god ( fai?fulness & )\t falsity1 ,j & upright is ,he4 ,!y1 on ! contr>y1 7 p]v]se & crook$2 &1 act+ corruptly1 !y requit$ all ,yahweh's b5efits ) rebellion4 ,to w9 !m f t p]v]s5ess1 he calls ^u 8 p to look back ^u ! :ole c\rse ( ,god's deal+s ) !m4 ,ev5 be=e ,israel _h appe>$ among ! nations1 ,yahweh _h tak5 ?\ght = ,8 p4 ,:5 ,he assign$ _! l&s to ! v>i\s nations ( ! _w ,he _h always be=e ,him ! provision t mu/ be made = ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 & _h left a space = !m f :i* none b ,yahweh c\ld ev] drive !m out4 ,= ,he _h ! same ne$ ( & delight 9 ,8 p z ! nations _h 9 ! l&s assign$ to !m1 ! lot ( _! inh]itance4 ,& n only _h ,he ?us prep>$ a place = ,israel f ! beg9n+1 b ,he _h l$ him ?r\gh ! wild]ness1 ?r\gh ! wa/e1 ! h[l+ des]t4 ,he compass$ him ab\t1 ,he c>$ = him1 ,he kept him z ! apple ( ,8 eye4 ,to depict ! ,div9e c>e wor?ily1 he v5tures ^u a simile ( a specially t5d] k9d1 r>e 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 b to :i* our ,"l's comp>ison ( ,8 own brood+ affection = ,j]usalem to t ( a h5 ga!r+ h] *ick5s "u h] w+ is p>allel4 ,z an eagle /irs up h] ne/1 ,flutt]s above h] "y2 ,he1 ,yahweh1 spread abroad ,8 w+s1 ,he took him1 ,he bore him ^u ,8 p9ions4 ,all ! h>d%ip & ! toil 7 ( ,god's appo9tm5t to drive ,8 belov$ p upw>ds & onw>ds4 ,:atev] !y might ?9k or believe n[1 x 0 ,yahweh alone1 )\t companion or ally1 :o _h done ?is = !m1 borne !m up ?r\gh x1 & _h be/[$ ^u !m all ! luxury ( ! goodly l& once promis$ to _! fa!rs4 ,ev5 f ! rocks ,he _h giv5 !m honey1 & ! rocky soil _h produc$ ! olive tree4 ,!y _h1 too1 all ! luxuries ( a pa/oral p 9 abundance1 & ! :eat & foam+ w9e :i* 7 ! f9e/ products ( agriculture4 ,9 e way _! ,god _h bless$ !m4 ,!y _h all ! prosp]ity :i* a complete fulfilm5t ( ! w ( ,god c\ld h br\ght1 b ! result ( x all 0 unfai?fulness & rejection ( ,him4 ,je%urun1 ! upright p1 z ! sacr$ s+] 9 bitt] irony calls ,israel1 wax$ fat & wanton4 ,in/ead ( be+ drawn to ,god by ,8 b5efits1 !y _h be5 puff$ up ) conceit conc]n+ _! own p[] & disc]nm5t4 ,full ( ^!1 !y _h m+l$ idolatr\s rites ) _! wor%ip ( ,yahweh4 ,he _h suff]$ !m to reap ! results ( _! own unfai?fulness 9 defeat at ! h&s ( _! foes4 ,in/ead ( seek+ ! cause ( _! ill-success 9 !mselves1 !y _h f\nd x 9 ! weakness ( _! ,god4 ,all ! victories ,yahweh _h giv5 !m ov] foes ^: /r5g? !y _h fe>$ 7 =gott51 & !y despis$ ! ,rock ( _! salvation4 ,!y _h adopt$ new & up/>t deities :om _! fa!rs _h nev] he>d (1 :o z !y _h come up 9 a day might disappe> 9 a day1 & neglect$ ! ,rock :o begat !m4 ,yahweh on ,8 "p saw all ?is1 & scorn$ ,8 p & _! do+s4 ,9 a vivid imag9ative picture ! poet repres5ts ,him z resolv+ to hide ,8 face f !m1 to see :at _! end w\ld be4 ,)\t ! %9+ ( ,god's c\nt5ance !re c\ld be b "o issue = a p :o 7 s fai?less & p]v]se4 ,he w recomp5se !m = _! do+s4 ,!y made ,me jeal\s ) a no-,god1 ,!y vex$ ,me ) _! va9 idols1 ,& ,i w make !m jeal\s ) a no-p1 ,) a fooli% nation w ,i vex !m4 ,= ! fire ( ,div9e wra? is k9dl$ aga9/ !m4 ,x burns 9 ,yahweh ) an all-consum+ p[]1 & fills ! univ]se ev5 to ! l[e/ dep?s ( ,%eol4 ,^u ?is s9ful p x is ab\t to bur/ =?2 ,yahweh w exhau/ all ,8 arr[s ^u !m4 ,by fam9e & dr\ght2 by disease & ! rage ( wild bea/s1 & ( ! crawl]s ( ! du/2 by giv+ !m up to _! enemies1 & by ov]:elm+ !m ) t]ror4 ,he w de/roy ?is p1 ! "y man & ! virg91 ! suckl+ & ! man ( grey hairs alike4 ,no?+ c\ld save !m1 save ,yahweh's respect = ,8 own "n4 ,i _h said1 ,i %all bl[ !m away1 ,i %all make _! memory to cease f among m53 ,7 x n t ,i fe>$ vexation f ! enemy1 ,le/ _! adv]s>ies %\ld misdeem1 ,le/ !y %\ld say1 ,our h& is exalt$1 ,& ,yahweh ha? n done all ?is4 ,no?+ b t /ood betwe5 !m & utt] de/ruction1 = z a nation !y _h no capacity = receiv+ & pr(it+ by in/ruction4 ,if !y _h be5 wise !y w\ld h kn[n t !re 0 b a /ep betwe5 !m & dea?2 !y w\ld h se5 t _! de$s _h sep>at$ !m f ,yahweh1 & c\ld h b "o issue4 ,_! frequ5t & %ameful defeats %\ld h taught !m t1 = ,h[ c\ld "o *ase a ?\s&1 ,& two put to flight t5 ?\s&1 ,7 x n t _! ,rock _h sold !m1 ,& t ,yahweh _h deliv]$ !m up8 ,!re 0 no possible explanation ( ,israel's defeats b ?is2 = nei!r 9 ! gods ( ! hea!n nor 9 ! hea!n nations !mselves 0 !re any?+ to acc\nt = !m4 ,_! gods 7 n comp>able to ! ,rock ( ,israel2 ev5 ,israel's enemies knew z mu* z t4 ,israel might =get & d\bt ,yahweh's p[]1 b ^? :o _h be5 smitt5 be=e ,him 9 ,israel's happi] days knew t ,he 0 above all _! gods4 ,nor 0 ! explanation to be s\ght 9 ! hea!n nations !mselves4 ,= !y 7 n v9es ( ,yahweh's plant+1 b %oots f ! v9e ( ,sodom1 ta9t$ by ! soil ( ,gomorrah4 ,!y 71 p]haps1 9 race1 ( ! old ,canaanite /ock2 9 any case !y 7 morally & spiritually relat$ to !m1 & _! acts 7 su* z br\ght dea? & de/ruction ) !m4 ,9 !mselves1 consequ5tly1 !y c\ld n h be5 /rong en\gh to discomfit ! p ( ,god z !y 7 do+1 nor c\ld !y h be5 help$ to t by any fav\r ( ,84 ,only ! det]m9ation ( ,yahweh to *a/ise ,8 p c\ld expla9 ,israel's unhappy fate 9 w>4 ,b ,yahweh's purpose 0 only to *a/ise4 ,he 0 9 no way f9ally =getful ( ,8 *os51 nor ( ! in]adicable evil ( _! enemies' nature4 ,! inn] "* ( m5 & ?+s is always pres5t to ,him1 & _! de$s are laid up ) ,him z t :i* mu/ be dealt )1 = x is "o ( ! glories ( ,deity to sweep evil away & to re/ore any?+ t has good at its he>t4 ,recomp5se is ,god's great function 9 ! _w1 & evil1 h[ev] /rong x may be1 & h[ev] long x may triumph1 mu/ "o day be dealt ) by ,him4 ,x is laid up & seal$ ,aga9/ ! day ( v5geance & ( recomp5se1 ,aga9/ ! "t :5 _! foot %all slip2 ,= ! day ( _! calamity is at h&1 ,& ha/5+ are ! ?+s prep>$ = !m4 ,)\t t1 ju/ice c\ld nev] be done to ! p ( ,god2 & ju/ice %\ld be done to !m :5 !y _h be5 br\ght to ! v]ge ( ext9ction1 :51 accord+ to ! antique ,hebrew phrase1 !re 0 none fett]$ or set free1 none left "u or ov] age4 ,!n :5 all b ! wor/ _h come1 ,yahweh w\ld dem&1 ,:]e are _! gods1 ) :om !y took refuge1 & :o h eat5 ! fat ( _! sacrifices1 & drunk ! w9e ( _! dr9k (f]+s8 ,he w *all5ge !m to arise & help 9 ?is la/ disa/r\s /ate ( _! vot>ies4 ,b !re w be no response1 & x w be made cle> beyond all d\bt+ t ,yahweh alone is ,god4 ,he w decl>e ,himself1 say+3-- ,see n[ t ,i1 ,i1 am ,he1 ,& !re is no god ) ,me3 ,i kill1 & ,i make alive2 ,i w\nd1 & ,i heal3 ,& !re is none t deliv]e? out ( ,my h&4 ,9 t great day ( ,yahweh's manife/$ glory ,he w /& =? 9 ! fulness ( av5g+ p[]4 ,be=e ! univ]se ,he w pl$ge ,himself by ! mo/ solemn oa? to br+ d[n ! pride ( ,8 enemies4 ,9 a dea?-deal+ judgm5t1 su* z is se5 only :5 ! evil elem5ts 9 ! _w h br\ght ab\t a m]e c>nival ( wick$ness1 & only univ]sal dea? c cleanse1 ,he w recomp5se ^u evil-do]s ! evil !y h wr\ght1 & to a r5ovat$ _w br+ peace4 ,!re are few f9] or m impressive imag9ative passages 9 ,scripture ?an ?is3-- ,= ,i lift up ,my h& to heav51 ,& say1 7,z7 ,i live = ev]1 ,if ,i :et ,my gleam+ sword1 ,& ,my h& take hold on judgm5t1 ,i w take v5geance ^u ,m9e enemies1 ,& ,i w recomp5se !m t hate ,me4 ,i w make ,m9e arr[s drunk ) blood1 ,& ,my sword %all dev\r fle%1 ,) ! blood ( ! sla9 & ! captives1 ,f ! *ief ( ! lead]s ( ! enemy4 ,) ?is great vision ( judgm5t ! poet leaves 8 p4 ,= !m ! fir/ necessity evid5tly 0 t !y %\ld be assur$ t ,yahweh reign$1 t evil c\ld n ultimately prosp]4 ,) _! :ole horizon dom9at$ & illum9$ by ?is trem5d\s figure ( ! ev] liv+ & av5g+ ,god1 _! fai? 9 ! moral gov]nm5t ( ! _w & 9 ! ultimate deliv]ance ( _! nation w\ld be re/or$4 ,! poem closes ) a /anza 9 :i* ! se] & s+] calls ^u ! nations to rejoice because ( ,yahweh's p4 ,! deliv]ance work$ = !m w be s great & s memorable t ev5 ! hea!n :o see x mu/ rejoice4 ,!y w see ,8 ju/ice & ,8 fai?fulness1 & w ga9 new confid5ce 9 ! /ability & ! moral "* ( ! =ces :i* rule ! _w4 7,b7 ,,! ,,bless+ ,,( ,,moses ,,deut4 xxxiii4 ,besides ! f>ewell spee*es & ! f>ewell song1 we h 9 ?is *apt] yet ano!r clos+ utt]ance attribut$ to ,moses4 ,"h1 z 9 ! case ( ! song1 we relegate critical matt]s to ! note bel[4#acc #acc ,! bless+ ( ,moses 0 c]ta9ly n writt5 by ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy3 ! vocabul>y & ! /yle are diff]5t f 84 ,nor probably 0 ! poem ins]t$ "h by him1 b r by ! f9al editor ( ! ,p5tateu* :o is believ$ to h br\ght ^! clos+ *apt]s into _! pres5t %ape 7cf4 ,*ap4 ,,xxiv474 ,! au?ority on :i* he reli$ may h be5 ,e4 ,z to ! au?or%ip ( ! bless+1 ,volck & ,keil ascribe x to ,moses4 ,! great majority ( rec5t /ud5ts reg>d x1 at all ev5ts 9 its pres5t =m1 z po/-,mosaic1 on gr\nds drawn f features 9 ! poem1 & f ! pr9ciples ( prophetic exegesis ref]r$ to 9 ! note 7p4 #deb74 ,op9ions diff] mu* z to ! date to be assign$1 v>y+ f ! "t ( ,david to t ( ,j]oboam ,,ii4 ,! g5]al assumption is t ! bless+ is ! "w ( a ,nor!rn ,israelite2 & ! feel+ = ! tribes ( ,levi & ,judah :i* x embodies is ! *ief indication on :i* a conjecture c be haz>d$4 ,t w\ld agree ) a date lat] ?an ,solomon & n lat] ?an ,jeho%aphat--a p]iod :5 _m 9 ! ,nor!rn ,k+dom /ill look$ ) rev]5ce to ! sanctu>y at ,j]usalem1 & :5 ! ,nor!rn ,levites /ill res5t$ ! intrusion by ,j]oboam ( a mix$ multitude into ! prie/hood4 ,z to =m1 & p>tly z to cont5ts1 ! bless+ ( ,moses is modell$ on ! bless+ ( ,jacob 7,g54 xlix74 ,"o conspicu\s diff]5ce is ! introduction into t be=e u ( a prose head+ be=e mo/ ( ! sections1 analog\s to ! head+s :i* appe> 9 ,arabic poetry 7z ! ,hamasa7 be=e ea* quatra9 or long] poem4 ,!re is no gr\nd = treat+ ^! z lat] ins]tions1 nor = sep>at+ o!r portions1 z "s h propos$1 z lat] ?an ! ma9 composition4 ,we mu/ notice 9 ! fir/ place ! rem>kable diff]5ce 9 tone & outlook betwe5 ! bless+ & ! song ( ,moses4 ,9 ! latt] evil-do+ & approa*+ judgm5t are ! burd52 "h ! outw>d & inw>d condition ( ,israel leaves little to be desir$4 ,satisfaction is brea!d 9 e l9e1 = bo? temporally & spiritually ! /ate ( ! p is almo/ ideally happy4 ,n[h]e is !re a %ad[2 ev5 on ! horizon !re is sc>cely a cl\d4 ,n[ ev5 an optimi/ w\ld ne$ a backgr\nd ( actual prosp]ity to draw su* a picture ( idyllic happ9ess = any nation1 & we may !re=e conclude t ! poem has 9 view "o ( ! few halcyon p]iods ( ,israel1 be=e social wrongs _h ru9$ ! yeom5 f>m]s1 or w> & conque/ _h corrupt$ ! p[]ful4 ,! nation is z yet fai?ful to ,yahweh1 & possesses 9 peace ! l& :i* ,he _h giv5 !m to inh]it4 ,! c5tral "p ( ! poem is ( c\rse ! t5 bless+s promis$ to ! v>i\s tribes1 b ^! are prec$$ by an introduction 7vv4 #b-e71 9 :i* ! =mation ( ! p is trac$ to ,yahweh's revelation ( ,himself & ,8 com+ =? z _! ,k+4 ,!y are foll[$ also by a conclud+ section 7vv4 #bf-bi71 9 :i* ! ,god ( ,je%urun is decl>$ to be incomp>able1 & ,8 p are depict$ z supremely happy "u ,8 protect+ c>e4 ,! language is 9 p>ts obscure1 & ?\gh ! g5]al scope is always pla91 yet !re are v]ses ! mean+ ( :i* c only be conjectur$4 ,?is is especially ! case 9 ! introduction4 ,( ! five l9es ( v]4 #b1 ! f\r? & fif? z !y /& are h>dly intelligible2 ! fif? inde$ is n intelligible at all4 ,9 v]4 #c aga91 :ile ! fir/ & second clauses are fairly cle>1 ! ?ird & f\r? are z !y /& untranslatable4 ,b ! g5]al signification ( ! introductory v]ses 7#b-e7 is t ! ,div9e revelation ( ,himself :i* ,yahweh be/[$ ^u ,8 p z ,he came ) !m f ,s9ai1 ,p>an1 & ,seir ?r\gh ! wild]ness1 & ! e/abli%m5t ( ! cov5ant :i* made ,yahweh ,israel's ,k+1 toge!r ) ! be/[al ( an inh]itance ^u !m1 is ! f\ndation & beg9n+ ( t happ9ess :i* is to be describ$4 ,x is all trac$ back to ! dawn+ ( ,god ^u !m1 ,8 %9+ out ^u !m f ,s9ai1 & ,seir1 & ,p>an4 ,^! are nam$ simply z ! mo/ prom95t po9ts 9 t region :5ce ! p came out into ,canaan1 & :]e ! great revelation _h be5 be/[$4 ,god _h ris5 l ! sun & _h %$ =? light ^u !m !re1 s t !y walk$ no m 9 d>kness4 ,! sight ( ,god 01 on ?is view1 ! great & fundam5tal fact 9 ! hi/ory ( ! *os5 p4 ,!y1 l all :o h se5 t great sight1 7 h5ce=? sep>ate f o!rs1 ) diff]5t duties & obligations1 ) hopes & desires & joys unkn[n to all beside4 ,& ! gr\nd ( ?is condesc5sion on ! "p ( ,god 0 ,8 love = ,8 p4 ,he lov$ !m1 & ! sa9ts among !m 7 upheld by ,him4 ,by ,moses ,he gave !m a law1 :i* 0 to hold f g5]ation to g5]ation2 & ,he _h cr[n$ ,8 gifts to !m by becom+ _! ,k+ :5 ! heads ( ! p ent]$ into cov5ant ) ,him4 ,!n foll[ ! bless+s1 beg9n+ ) good wi%es = ,reub5 z ! fir/born4 ,b ! tribe is n highly fav\r$4 ,x is h[ev] less sev]ely dealt ) ?an 9 ,jacob's bless+4 ,!re in/ability & obscurity are =etold ( x4 ,"h x w\ld seem z if ! =tunes ( ! tribe 7 at ! l[e/ ebb1 & a wi% is express$ t x may n be suff]$ to die out4 ,f ! e>lie/ times ! tribe ( ,reub5 seems to h be5 t5d+ to decay4 ,at ! fir/ c5sus tak5 "u ,moses ! numb] ( ,reub5ites capable ( be>+ arms 0 #df1ejj m5 7,numb4 i4 #ba71 at ! second #dc1gcj 7,numb4 xxvi4 #g74 ,bo? passages are f ,p1 & consequ5tly ?is decad5ce ( ! tribe mu/ h be5 pres5t to t au?or's m9d4 ,9 ,david's day !y _h /ill possession ( "p ( _! h]itage1 b ev5 !n _! be/ e/ate 0 pa/4 ,!y _h all[$ _m ,moabites to rema9 9 ! t]ritory !y conqu]$4 ,^! mo/ c]ta9ly caus$ tr\ble & ga9$ ! upp] h& 9 places1 until be=e ! days ( ,mesa1 k+ ( ,moab1 z we le>n f 8 inscription1#acd a great "p ( ! cities =m]ly ,reub5ite 7 9 ,moabite or ,gadite h&s4 ,9 ,isaiah xv4 & xvi4 aga91 ,he%bon & ,elealeh1 cities /ill ,reub5ite 9 ,mesa's day1 appe> z ,moabite1 s t ! bulk ( ! t]ritory assign$ to ! tribe mu/ h be5 lo/4#ace ,?is record confirms ! view t ! bless+ 0 writt5 betwe5 ,rehoboam & ,jeho%aphat1 & ?r[s light ^u our v]se3-- ,may ,reub5 live1 & n die1 ,s t 8 m5 be few4 #acd ,dillmann1 ,deut]onomy1 p4 #dbj4 #ace ,bae?g5's ,riehm1 ,h&wrt]bu*1 p4 #acba4 ,! bless+ ( ,judah foll[s1 b 9 contra/ ) ! great de/9y =etold = ?is tribe 9 ,jacob's bless+ :at is "h said is /rangely %ort & un5?usia/ic3-- ,he>1 ,o ,yahweh1 ,judah's voice1 ,& br+ him to 8 p2 ,) 8 h&s has he /riv5 = x 78 p72 ,& a help aga9/ 8 enemies be ?\4 ,"s ^: op9ions we are b\nd to respect1 z ,oettli1 ?9k ?is ref]s m]ely to ,judah's be+ appo9t$ to lead ! van ( ! invasion1 z 9 ,judges i4 #a & xx4 #h4 ,9 t case we %\ld h to conceive t on "s occasion ,judah 0 abs5t lead+ ! conque/1 & got into dang]\s circum/ances1 :i* are "h ref]r$ to4 ,b x w\ld seem t any su* tempor>y dang] c\ld h>dly h a place "h4 ,9 all ! o!r bless+s p]man5t conditions only are reg>d$2 & ! sole hi/orical fact we really "k t w\ld expla9 ?is ref]5ce is ! division ( ! k+dom4 ,b1 x may be said1 all critics agree t ! au?or ( ! bless+ is a ,nor!rn ,israelite3 n[ we _c suppose a ,nor!rn man to speak 9 ?is way ( ,judah1 = x 0 ! t5 tribes t revolt$ f ! h\se ( ,david1 n ,judah f !m4 ,we mu/ rememb]1 h[ev]1 t ?\gh t is h[ ,scripture1 :i* 9 ?is matt] repres5ts ! ,s\!rn view1 reg>ds ! matt]1 ! ,nor!rn ,israelites c\ld look at ! sep>ation f ano!r /&po9t4 ,to ^? ev5 :o 7 fav\rable to ! ,davidic h\se1 & regrett$ ! folly ( ,rehoboam1 x might seem t ,judah _h fir/ brok5 away f ! k+dom z unit$ "u ,saul2 & ! revolt "u ,j]oboam w\ld appe> to be only a resumption ( ! old] /ate ( ?+s1 f :i* ,judah _h aga9 sep>at$ itself4 ,:at circum/ance c be ref]r$ to 9 ! reque/ to he> ,judah's voice _c n[ be asc]ta9$2 b x is n at all unlikely t "s indication ( a wi% = reunion1 p]haps express$ 9 "s public pray]1 may h be5 giv5 9 ! fir/ p]iod ( ! sep>ation4 ,! re/ ( ! v]se w\ld fit ?is hypo!sis z well z x fits ! o!r1 & ,i ?9k ) ! light we at pres5t h we mu/ hold ! ref]5ce to be z sugge/$4 ,) ! eigh? v]se ! bless+ ( ,levi 7"o ( ! two mo/ he>tfelt & sympa!tic7 beg9s4 ,9 x ,yahweh is address$ ?us3-- ,?y ,urim & ?y ,?ummim be to ! m5 7i4e4 tribe7 ( ?y devot$ "o 7i4e4 ,moses or ,a>on71 ,:om ?\ did/ prove at ,massah1 ,) :om ?\ did/ /rive at ! wat]s ( ,m]ibah4 ,9 ! la/ l9es ! relative pron\n is ambigu\s1 z x may ref] ei!r to m51 = :i* 9 ,hebrew we h ! collective s+ul> 'i%1 or to ?y devot$ "o4 ,! la/ is ! m probable2 b 9 ei!r case !re is a sup]ficial discrepancy "h betwe5 ! hi/orical books & ?is /atem5t4 ,9 ,exod4 xvii4 #a-g1 z well z 9 ,deut]onomy itself1 x is ! p :o /rove ) ,moses & prov$ or tempt$ ,yahweh4 ,on ?is acc\nt "s w\ld h u believe t a diff]5t acc\nt ( ! ev5ts at ,massah & ,m]ibah 0 9 ?is writ]'s m9d4 ,b t is ! result ( a m]e it* = discov]+ discrepancies4 ,x lies 9 ! v nature ( ! case t !re %\ld be ano!r side to x4 ,! beg9n+ 0 ) ! p2 b j z ! w&]+ 9 ! wild]ness is said to h be5 meant by ,god to prove ,israel1 s ?is insubord9ation ( ! p 0 meant to prove ,moses or ,a>on1 & _! failure to /& ! pro( made ,yahweh /rive ) !m4 ,! v]se1 !n1 f\nds ,levi's claim to possess ! *ief oracle & to in/ruct ,israel fir/ ( all ^u _! connection ) ,moses or ,a>on1 or bo?1 s9ce !y _h be5 exceptionally tri$ & _h prov$ _! devotion4 ,! next v]se1 !n1 goes on to f\nd x also on ! fai?fulness ( ! ,levites1 :5 !y 7 call$ ^u by ,moses 7,exod4 xxxii4 #bf-bi7 to puni% ! p = _! wor%ip ( ! gold5 calf4 ,9 vv4 #bg & #bi ( t *apt] we f9d ! same phrases1 #i ,:o 7i4e4 ! tribe7 said unto 8 fa!r & to 8 "m1 ,i h n se5 him2 ,:o recognis$ n 8 bro!r1 & w\ld "k n\ght ( 8 son2 ,= !y kept ,?y comm&m5t1 ,& kept gu>d ov] ,?y cov5ant4 ,be+ su*-- #aj ,let !m tea* ,jacob ,?y judgm5ts1 ,& ,israel ,?y ,torah2 ,let !m put inc5se 9 ,?y no/rils1 ,& :ole burnt-(f]+s ^u ,?9e alt>s4 ,"h we h ! :ole prie/ly duties assign$ to ! ,levites4 ,!y are to p]=m judicial functions2 to give ,torah1 or in/ruction1 by means ( ! ,urim & ,?ummim & o!rwise2 to (f] inc5se 9 ! ,holy ,place1 & sacrifices 9 ! c\rt ( ! ,temple4 ,z e>ly z ?is1 !re=e 7on any supposition we ne$ reg>d1 long be=e ,deut]onomy71 we f9d ! ,levites fully e/abli%$ z ! prie/ly tribe4 ,be=e ! e>lie/ writ+ prophets ?is 0 s--a fact ( ! greate/ importance = ! hi/ory ( ,israelite religion4 ,! rema9+ v]se besee*es ,yahweh to accept ! "w ( ,levi's h&s1 & to smite d[n 8 enemies4 ,evid5tly :5 ?is 0 writt5 special enmity 0 be+ %[n to ?is tribe2 &1 z has be5 said already1 ! religi\s proce$+s ( ,j]oboam ,i4 w\ld be suffici5t to call =? su* a cry to ,yahweh4 ,9 v]4 #ab ! tribe ( ,b5jam9 is dealt )1 & x is depict$ z specially bless$ by ! ,div9e fav\r & ! ,div9e pres5ce4 ,yahweh cov]s him all ! day long1 & dwells betwe5 8 %\ld]s4 ,!re c h>dly be a d\bt t ! ref]5ce is to ! situation ( ! ,temple at ,j]usalem1 on ! hill ( ,zion1 t[>ds ! l(ti] b\nd>y ( ,b5jam9's t]ritory4 ,v]ses #ac-ag conta9 ! bless+ ( ,joseph1 i4e4 ( ! two tribes ,ephraim & ,manasseh4 #ac ,bless$ ( ,yahweh be 8 l& ,by ! preci\s ?+s ( heav5 f above1 ,by ! deep :i* cr\*es b5ea?2 #ad ,by ! preci\s ?+s ( ! sun1 ,& ! preci\s ?+s ( ! moons2 #ae ,& by ! 7preci\s ?+s ( !7 tops ( ! anci5t m\nta9s ,& by ! preci\s ?+s ( ! ev]la/+ hills2 #af ,& by ! preci\s ?+s ( ! e>? & its fulness4 ,& may ! good-w ( ,him t dwelt 9 ! bu% ,come ^u ,joseph's head1 ,& ^u ! top ( ! head ( ! cr[n$ among 8 bre?r54 #ag ,may ! fir/born ( 8 ox be glori\s2 ,& ! horns !re( l ! horns ( ! wild-ox2 ,) !m may he gore ! peoples1 ev5 all ! e>?'s ends toge!r4 ,^! 7i4e4 ?us bless$7 are ! myriads ( ,ephraim1 ,& ^! ! ?\s&s ( ,manasseh4 ,supreme f]tility is to be 81 & ! fav\r ( ,yahweh is to re/ ^u him z ! k+ly tribe 9 ,israel4 ,! curi\s phrase at ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? v]se has be5 suppos$ to be a ref]5ce to "s individual1 ,jo%ua1 ,j]oboam ,,ii41 or to ! ,ephraimite k+s z a :ole4 ,b ! subject ( ! bless+ is ! ,josephite tribes1 & !re seems to be no good reason :y ! ref]5ce %\ld be *ang$ "h4 ,x _c1 !re=e1 ref] to less ?an a :ole tribe1 & z accord+ to ,g54 xlviii4 #ad ,ephraim receiv$ ! bless+ ( ! fir/born1 x mu/ be ,ephraim :i* is ,joseph's fir/born ox4 ,?is view is confirm$ by ! la/ clause ( ! v]se1 9 :i* ! myriads ( ,ephraim are spok5 (1 & only ! ?\s&s ( ,manasseh4 ,obvi\sly ?is mu/ ref] to times l ^? ( ,omri1 :5 ! ,israelite k+%ip 0 9 its fir/ y\?ful en]gy1 & 0 ext5d+ conque/ on e h&4 ,! b5$ictions :i* rema9 are address$ to ,zebulun1 ,issa*>1 ,gad1 ,dan1 ,naphtali1 & ,a%]4 ,!y ne$ little comm5t beyond close translation4 #ah ,& ( ,zebulun he said1 ,rejoice1 ,zebulun1 9 ?y go+ out2 ,&1 ,issa*>1 9 ?y t5ts4 #ai ,!y %all call ! peoples unto ! m\nta92 ,!y %all (f] sacrifices ( righte\sness3 ,= !y %all suck ! abundance ( ! seas1 ,& ! hidd5 treasures ( ! s&4 ,! t]ritory ( ,zebulun /ret*$ f ! ,sea ( ,galilee to ! ,m$it]ranean1 probably q d[n to ! sea ne> ,akko1 9 any case ne> en\gh to give x an active %>e 9 ! sea traffic4 ,issa*>1 ^: tribal l& 0 ! pla9 ( ,esdraelon1 also %>es 9 x2 b ! contra/ betwe5 ?y go+ out & ?y t5ts implies t ,zebulun took ! m active "p 9 ! traffic4 ,! ref]5ce 9 v]se #ai1 clauses a & b1 is obscure4 ,z ! ,septuag9t reads !y %all de/roy in/ead ( unto ! m\nta91 ! text may be corrupt4 ,x may p]haps be an allusion to ! sacrificial fea/s at inaugurat$ fairs to :i* surr\nd+ peoples 7 call$1 z ,/ade sugge/s4 #bj ,& ( ,gad he said1 ,bless$ be ! enl>g] ( ,gad3 ,he dwelle? z a lioness1 ,& te>e? ! arm1 yea1 ! cr[n ( ! head4 #ba ,& he look$ out ! fir/ "p = himself1 ,because !re a 7tribal7 rul]'s portion lay ready2 ,& he came ) ! heads ( ! p1 ,he execut$ ! ju/ice ( ,yahweh1 ,& ,8 judgm5ts 9 company ) ,israel4 ,at ?is "t ,gad 0 9 possession ( a wide t]ritory1 & 0 fam$ = c\rage & success 9 w>4 ,8 =esight 9 *oos+ ! fir/ ( ! conqu]$ l& z a wor?y tribal portion is prais$1 & 8 fai?fulness 9 c>ry+ out 8 b>ga9 to accompany ! nation 9 its attack on ! we/ ,jordan l&4 #bb ,& ( ,dan he said1 ,dan is a lion's :elp1 ,leap+ =? f ,ba%an4 ,?is does n mean t ,dan's t]ritory 0 ,ba%an1 b only t 8 attack 0 z fi]ce & unexpect$ z t ( a lion leap+ =? f ! crevices & caves ( ! rocks 9 ,ba%an4 #bc ,& ( ,naphtali he said1 ,o ,naphtali1 sat$ ) fav\r1 ,& full ( ! bless+ ( ,yahweh3 ,possess ?\ ! sea & ! s\?4 ,! soil 9 ! t]ritory ( ,naphtali 0 specially fruitful1 9 ! region ( ,huleh & on ! %ore ( ! ,sea ( ,g5nes>et4 ,^! are ! sea & ! hot s\? "p :i* ! tribe is call$ ^u to take z a possession1 & because ( :i* ! fav\r ( ,yahweh & ,8 bless+ specially re/$ ^u x4 #bd ,& ( ,a%] he said1 ,bless$ above *ildr5 be ,a%]2 ,may he be ! fav\r$ ( 8 bre?r51 ,& dip 8 feet 9 oil4 #be ,iron & brass 7be7 ?y b>s2 ,& z ?y days 7s may7 ?y /r5g? 7be74 ,! la/ l9e is extremely d\btful4 ,! ^w translat$ ?y /r5g? is really n kn[n1 & t mean+ probably implies ano!r read+2 ?y b>s 9 ! previ\s l9e is also d\btful4 ,! ref]5ce to oil probably implies t ! olive tree 0 specially fruitful1 9 ! c\ntry inhabit$ by ,a%]1 b :y he %\ld be specially fav\r$ ( 8 bre?r5 c n[ h>dly be conjectur$4 ,9 ! conclud+ v]ses we h an exaltation ( ,israel's ,god & ( ,8 p4 ,speak+ out ( ! "t :5 ,israel _h driv5 out its enemies & 0 9 full & undi/urb$ possession ( its h]itage 7v]4 #bh71 ! poet decl>es to ,je%urun h[ incomp>able ,god is4 ,he rides ^u ! heav5 to br+ help to !m1 & ,he comes 9 ! cl\ds ) maje/y4 ,! ,god ( old "t is ,israel's refuge or dwell+1 cov]+ him f above1 & b5ea?1 i4e4 on ! e>?4 ,8 ev]la/+ arms be> ,8 p up 9 _! we>9ess1 & %elt] !m !re aga9/ all foes4 ,he has prov$ ?is by ?ru/+ out be=e !m1 & by comm&+ !m to de/roy1 _! enemies4 #bh ,& s ,israel came to dwell 9 safety1 ,! f\nta9 ( ,jacob alone1 ,9 a l& ( corn & w9e2 ,yea1 ,8 heav5s drop d[n dew4 #bi ,happy art ?\1 ,o ,israel3 ,:o is l unto !e8 ,a p sav$ by ,yahweh1 ,! %ield ( ?y help ,& ! sword ( ?y maje/y6 ,?9e enemies %all feign fri5d%ip to !e2 ,& ?\ %alt tread ^u _! high places4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvi ,,moses' ,,"* ,,& ,,dea? ,x has be5 (t5 said1 & x has ev5 become a pr9ciple ( ! critical s*ool1 t ! hi/orical notices 9 ! e>li] docum5ts ( ! ,old ,te/am5t repres5t no?+ b ! ideas curr5t at ! "t :5 !y 7 writt54 ,:e!r !y depict an ,abraham1 a ,jacob1 or a ,moses1 all !y really tell u is ! k9d ( "* :i* at su* times 0 held to be h]oic4 ,9 ?is way ! value ( ! hi/oric p>ts ( ,deut]onomy h be5 call$ 9 "q1 & we h be5 told t all we c ga!r f !m ab\t ,moses is ! k9d ( "* :i* ! pi\s1 9 ! age ( ,manasseh1 w\ld feel ju/ifi$ 9 attribut+ to _! great religi\s h]o4 ,b x is manife/ly unfair to e/imate ! /atem5ts ( m5 :o write 9 good fai?1 z if !y 7 only project+ _! own desires & prejudices ^u a pa/ :i* is absolutely d>k4 ,x may be true t su* writ]s might be unwill+ to n>rate /ories conc]n+ ! great m5 ( ! pa/ :i* 7 inconsi/5t ) ! e/eem 9 :i* !y 7 held2 b x is mu* m c]ta9 t _! n>ratives w repres5t ! tradition & ! curr5t k ( _! "t reg>d+ ! h]oes ( _! race4 ,unless ?is be true1 no reliance c\ld be plac$ ^u any?+ b absolutely contempor>y docum5ts2 ev5 ^! w\ld be op5 to suspicion1 if ! human m9d 7 s lawless z to h no scruple 9 fill+ up all gaps 9 its k by imag9ations4 ,we mu/ prote/1 !re=e1 aga9/ ! notion t :at ,j & ,e & ,d tell u conc]n+ ! life & "* ( ,moses mu/ be disc\nt$ 9 any ef=t we make to repres5t to ourselves ! life & ?\ght ( t great lead] ( ,israel4 ,!y tell u mu* m ?an :at 0 ?\ght fitt+ = a lead] ( ! p 9 ! n9? & eigh? & sev5? c5turies ,b4,c4 ,!y tell u :at 0 believ$ 9 ^? times ab\t ,moses2 & mu* ( :at 0 believ$ ab\t him mu/ h re/$ ^u good au?ority1 ^u entirely reliable tradition1 or ^u previ\s writt5 n>ratives conc]n+ him4 ,up till rec5tly x 0 held1 by m5 z em95t ev5 z ,reuss1 t writ+ 0 unkn[n 9 ! days ( ,moses1 & t = long aft]w>ds oral tradition alone c\ld be a s\rce ( k ( ! pa/4 ,b rec5t discov]ies h %[n t ?is is an entire mi/ake4 ,long be=e ,moses writ+ 0 a common accompli%m5t 9 ,canaan2 & x seems almo/ ridicul\s to suppose t ! man :o left 8 m>k s indelibly ^u ?is nation %\ld h be5 ignorant ( an art ) :i* e ma/] ( a village or two 0 ?or\ghly conv]sant4 ,moreov] ! fact t ! same root 7k-t-b7 occurs 9 e ,semitic tongue ) ! mean+ to write1 w\ld seem to indicate t be=e _! sep>ation f "o ano!r ! art ( writ+ 0 kn[n to all ! ,semitic tribes4 ,! new facts enorm\sly /r5g!n t probability1 & make ! argum5ts advanc$ by ^? :o hold ! opposite view look ev5 absurd4 ,b if writ+ 7 kn[n & practis$ 9 ,moses' day 9 ,canaan1 x w\ld be m>vell\s if _m ( ! great ev5ts ( ! e>ly days _h n be5 record$4 ,x w\ld be /ill m m>vell\s if ! comp>atively late writ+s1 :i* alone we h at our disposal _h n embodi$ & absorb$ mu* old] docum5ts4 ,b = /ill ano!r reason ! critical dictum mu/ be held to be false4 ,appli$ 9 o!r fields & 9 reg>d to o!r times1 ?is same pr9ciple w\ld deprive u ( almo/ e "* :i* has be5 consid]$ ! glory ( humanity4 ,z>a?u/ra & ,buddha h alike be5 sacrific$ to ?is prejudice1 & !re are m5 liv+ :o say t we "k s little ab\t our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ t x is d\btful :e!r ,he ev] exi/$4 ,a me?od :i* produces su* results mu/ be false4 ,! great s\rce ( progress & re=m has always be5 "s man possess$ by an idea or a pr9ciple4 ,ev5 9 our own days1 :5 ! press & ! facilities = communication h giv5 g5]al t5d5cies a p[] to realise !mselves :i* !y nev] _h 9 ! _w's hi/ory be=e1 great m5 are ! mov+ factors 9 all great *anges4 ,9 e>li] ages ?is 0 /ill m ! case4 ,x is an utt]ly unju/ifiable scepticism :i* makes m5 contradict ! grateful recollection ( mank9d1 9 reg>d to ^? :o h rais$ & com=t$ humanity4 ,?r\gh all obscurities & confusions we c rea* t ,indian ,pr9ce = :om ! sight ( human mis]y embitt]$ 8 own brilliant & enjoyable life4 ,we refuse to give up ,z>a?u/ra1 ?\gh 8 /ory is m obscure & entangl$ ?an t ( almo/ any o!r great lead] ( mank9d4 ,especially 9 a hi/ory l t ( ,israel1 :i* purports to h be5 guid$ 9 a special mann] by revelations ( ! w ( ,god1 ! individual man fill$ ) ,god's _s is q indisp5sable4 ,ev5 if my?ical elem5ts 9 ! /ory c\ld be prov$1 t w\ld n %ake our fai? 9 ! exi/5ce ( ,moses2 = z ,/e9?al1 :o holds ! v advanc$ op9ion t sol> my?s h /ray$ into ! hi/ory ( ,moses1 wisely says1 x is q z possible to di/+ui% betwe5 ! my?ical & ! hi/orical ,moses z x is to di/+ui% betwe5 ! hi/orical ,*>lemagne & ! my?ical4 ,because ( ! g5]al reliability ( tradition reg>d+ great m5 !re=e1 & because also ( ! pro(s we h t writ+ 0 common be=e ,moses' day1 we ne$ n burd5 ourselves ) ! assumption or ! fe> t ! ,deut]onomic "* ( ,moses may be unreliable4 ,b 9 endeav\r+ to set =? ?is conception ( ! "* ( ,moses1 we _c conf9e ourselves to :at appe>s 9 ?is book4 ,x is g5]ally ackn[l$g$ t ! au?or _h at lea/ ! ,yahwi/ & ! ,elohi/ docum5ts 9 _! entirety be=e him1 & reg>d$ !m ) respect1 n to say rev]5ce4 ,consequ5tly we mu/ believe t he accept$ :at !y said ( ,moses z true4 ,! only docum5t 9 ! ,p5tateu* t he may n h kn[n 9 any %ape 0 ! ,prie/ ,codex1 b t makes no attempt to depict ! inn] or out] life ( ,moses4 ,all ! p]sonal life & col\r 9 ! ,biblical n>rative belongs to ! o!r s\rces4 ,= a p]sonal e/imate1 !re=e1 we lose little by exclud+ ,p4 ,only "o o!r cause ( suspicion 9 reg>d to ! hi/orical p>ts ( ,deut]onomy c\ld arise4 ,if x1 comp>atively mod]n z x is1 conta9$ mu* t 0 new1 if x reveal$ aspects ( "* = :i* no au?ority 0 quot$1 & ( :i* !re 0 no trace 9 ! e>li] n>ratives1 !re might be reasonable d\bt :e!r ^! new details 7 ! product ( imag9ation4 ,b !re is v little m 9 ,deut]onomy ?an !re is 9 ! hi/orical p>ts ( ! o!r books1 ?\gh ! old] n>ratives are repeat$ ) a vivid & insi/ive pa?os :i* almo/ seems to make !m new4 ,comb9+ !n :at ! ,deut]onomi/ himself says ) :at ! ,yahwi/ & ,elohi/ docum5ts conta91 we f9d t ! claim usually made = ,moses1 t he 0 ! f\nd] ( an entirely new religion1 is n su/a9$4 ,aga9 & aga9 x is ass]t$ t ,yahweh _h be5 ! ,god ( _! fa!rs1 ( ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob--s t ,moses 0 simply ! r5ew] ( a high] fai? :i* = a "t _h be5 corrupt$4 ,"s h ev5 ass]t$ t !re _h be5 all d[n ! ages to ,moses ! memory ( a primeval revelation4 ,b if !re ev] 0 su* a ?+1 we le>n f ,jo%4 xxiv4 #b1 a v]se ackn[l$g$ to be f ! ,elohi/1 t t fair beg9n+ ( a "t _h be5 entirely eclips$1 = ,t]ah1 ! fa!r ( ,abraham1 _h s]v$ o!r gods beyond ! flood4 ,abraham1 !re=e1 r ?an ,moses1 is reg>d$ z ! f\nd] ( ! religion ( ,yahweh4 ,:e!r ! ^w ,yahweh 7,exod4 vi4 #c7 0 kn[n or n makes little diff]5ce1 = all our f\r au?orities tea* t ,moses' "w 0 ! revival ( fai? 9 t :i* ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob _h believ$4 ,b ! bulk ( ! p w\ld appe> to h be5 ignorant reg>d+ ! ,god ( _! fa!rs2 & probably ! conception :i* ,deut]onomy %>es ) ,j & ,e is t 9 ,moses' day ,yahweh 0 ! special ,god ( a small circle1 p]haps ( ! tribe ( ,levi1 among :om a m spiritual conception ( ,god ?an 0 common among _! c\ntrym5 _h ei!r be5 reta9$1 or _h aris5 anew4 ,probably !n we ought to conceive ! circum/ances ( ,moses' e>ly life some:at 9 ?is way4 ,a numb] ( ,semitic tribes1 m or less ne>ly relat$ to ea* o!r & to ,edom & ,moab1 _h settl$ 9 ,egypt z semi-agricultural nomads4 ,at fir/ !y 7 tol]at$2 b !y 7 n[ be+ worn d[n & oppress$ by =c$ lab\r ( ! mo/ brutal sort4 ,ei!r a tribe or a clan among !m _h ! g]ms ( a pur] conception ( ,god1 & 9 ?is tribe or clan ,moses1 ! deliv]] ( 8 p1 0 born4 ,provid5tially he escap$ ! dea? :i* await$ all ,israelite boys 9 ^? days1 & grew up 9 ! camp ( ! enemies ( 8 p4 ,by ?is means he receiv$ all ! culture t ! be/ ( ! oppressors _h1 :ile ! tie to ,israel 0 nei!r obscur$ nor weak5$ 9 8 m9d4 ,at ! c\rt ( ,ph>aoh he c\ld n fail to acquire "s notions ( /ate-craft1 & he mu/ h se5 t ! fir/ /ep t[>ds any?+ great = 8 p mu/ be _! union & consolidation4 ,b 8 e>lie/ ef=t on _! behalf %[$ t he _h n really consid]$ & weigh$ ! magnitude ( 8 task4 ,kill+ an ,egyptian oppressor might conceivably h s]v$ z a signal = revolt4 ,b 9 po9t ( fact x fru/rat$ any plans ,moses might h _h = ! good ( 8 p1 & drove him into ! wild]ness4 ,"h ! g]ms ( v>i\s ?\ghts :i* education & exp]i5ce ( life _h deposit$ 9 8 m9d _h "t to develop & gr[4 ,accord+ to ! n>rative1 x 0 only at ! end ( 8 long soj\rn 9 ,midian t he _h direct revelation f ,god4 ,b amid ! wide & awful solitudes ( t wild]ness l&1 z ,g5]al ,gordon said ( himself 9 ! k9dr$ solitudes ( ! ,s\dan1 he le>n$ himself & ,god4 ,:atev] deposits ( high] fai? he _h receiv$ f 8 family1 no d\bt ! long1 sil5t brood+s insep>able f a %eph]d's life _h increas$ & vivifi$ x4 ,e possible aspect ( x mu/ h be5 reckon$ )1 all its consequ5ces explor$2 & 8 great & solit>y s\l1 we may be sure1 _h _m a "t let d[n s\nd+s into ! deeps :i* 71 z yet1 d>k to him4 ,& !n--= x is to s\ls t h ye>n$ aft] ,him 9 ! travail ( intellectual & spiritual long+ t ,god gives ,8 great & spl5did revelations--,yahweh reveal$ ,himself 9 ! flame ( ! bu%1 & gave him ! f9al assurance & ! fir/ impulse = 8 life's "w4 ,x is a t\* ( reality 9 ! n>rative :i* c h>dly be mi/ak51 t x repres5ts ,moses z %r9k+ f ! responsibility :i* 8 call mu/ lay ^u him4 ,beh9d ! few & simple objections 9 ! n>rative1 we mu/ picture to ourselves a :ole _w ( ?\ghts & feel+s into :i* ! call ( ,god _h br\ght tumult & confusion4 ,"o w\ld ne$ to be a dry-z-du/ p$ant n to see "h1 z 9 ! case ( ,isaiah's call1 ! triumphant issue ( a long conflict & ! decisive mom5t ( a victory ov] self1 :i* _h _h already _m /ages ( defeat & only p>tial success4 ,x is p]5nially true to human nature & to ! ,div9e deal+s ) human nature1 t help f on high comes to e/abli% & t\* to f9] issues t :i* ! true man has /riv5 = ) all 8 p[]s4 ,enlight5$ & assur$ by ?is great revelation ( ,god1 ,moses left ! quiet ( ! des]t to und]take an extraord9>ily difficult task4 ,he _h to weld jeal\s tribes into a nation2 he _h to r\se m5 ^: c\rage _h be5 brok5 by slav]y & cruelty to und]take a dang]\s revolt2 & he _h to prep>e = ! m>* ( a :ole population1 burd5$ ) invalids & infants1 ! feeble & ! old1 ?r\gh a c\ntry :i* ev5 to-day tries all b ! /ronge/4 ,^! ?+s _h to be done2 & ! m]e fact t !y 7 accompli%$ w\ld be inexplicable1 )\t ! dom9ation ( a great p]sonality inspir$ by great ideas ( a religi\s k9d4 ,=1 9 antiquity1 ! only bond able to hold incongru\s elem5ts toge!r 9 "o nationality 0 religion4 ,) ! p :om ,moses _h to lead ! necessity w\ld be ! same1 or ev5 great]4 ,b ! political "w :i* mu/ h prec$$ any common action likewise dem&$ a great p]sonality4 ,?\gh no d\bt a common mis]y might sil5ce jeal\sies & make m5 eag] to li/5 to any promises ( deliv]ance1 yet _m tr\blesome negotiations mu/ h be5 c>ri$ ?r\gh successfully be=e ^! s5t5ces c\ld h be5 writt5 ) tru?3 ,& ,moses & ,a>on w5t & ga!r$ toge!r all ! eld]s ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 & ! p believ$1 & b[$ _! heads & wor%ipp$4 ,_m conjectures h be5 haz>d$ z to :at ! c5tre ( ,moses' message at ?is "t really 04 ,"s1 l ,/ade1 br+ x d[n to ?is1 t ,yahweh 0 ! ,god ( ,israel4 ,o!rs add to ?is some:at meagre /atem5t ano!r equally meagre1 t ,israel 0 ! p ( ,yahweh4 ,b unless ! "* ( ,yahweh _h be5 previ\sly exp\nd$ to ! p1 !re seems little 9 ^! two decl>ations to excite any en?usiasm or to k9dle fai?4 ,! m]e fact ( induc+ ! tribes to put all o!r gods aside is insuffici5t to acc\nt = any ( ! results t foll[$1 if to ,moses ,yahweh _h rema9$ simply a tribal ,god1 ( ! same type z ! gods ( ! ,canaanites4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if he _h ris5 to ! conception ( ,god z a _s1 ( ,yahweh z ! only liv+ ,god1 z ! inspir] & def5d] ( moral life1 or ev5 if he _h made any l>ge approa* to ^! conceptions1 x is easy to und]/& h[ ! he>ts ( ! mass ( ! p 7 /irr$ & fill$1 ev5 ?\gh ?+s s high 7 n1 by ! g5]ality1 ?or\ghly und]/ood or long reta9$4 ,b ! he>ts ( all ! *os51 ! spiritually elect1 w\ld be mov$ by !m z ! leaves are mov$ by ! w9d4 ,^!1 ) ,moses at _! head1 =m$ a nucleus :i* bore ! p on ?r\gh all _! trials & dang]s1 & gradually leav5$ ! mass to "s ext5t ) ! same _s4 ,ev5 aft] ?is _h be5 accompli%$1 ! ma9 "w rema9$ to be done4 ,we _c agree inde$ ) _m writ]s :o seem to ?9k t ! :ole life ( ! ,israelite p 0 />t$ anew by ,moses4 ,t w\ld involve t e regulation = ! mo/ trivial detail ( ord9>y life 0 directly reveal$1 & t ,moses made a tabula rasa ( _! m9ds1 rubb+ out all previ\s laws & cu/oms1 & writ+ a ,god-giv5 con/itution 9 _! place4 ,obvi\sly1 t c\ld h>dly be2 b /ill a task v diff]5t1 yet almo/ z difficult1 rema9$ = ,moses aft] 8 fir/ success4 ,8 f9al aim 0 to make a virtually new nation out ( ! ,hebrew tribes2 & _! :ole con/itution & habits _h1 consequ5tly1 to be revis$ f ! new religi\s /&po9t4 ,he & ! nation alike _h inh]it$ a pa/1 & x 0 no "p ( 8 mission to delete t4 ,re=ms1 to be /able1 mu/ h a root 9 ! habits & ?\ghts ( ! p :om !y conc]n4 ,moses w\ld1 consequ5tly1 uproot no?+ t c\ld be sp>$2 he w\ld plant no?+ anew :i* 0 already fl\ri%+1 & 0 compatible ) ! new & dom9ant ideas he _h introduc$4 ,a great mass ( ! laws & cu/oms ( ! ,hebrews mu/ h be5 good1 & suitable to ! /age ( moral advancem5t !y _h rea*$ be=e ,moses came to !m4 ,any measure ( civilis$ life involves s mu* z t4 ,ano!r great mass1 :ile ly+ outside ( ! religi\s sph]e1 mu/ h be5 at lea/ compatible ) ,yahwism4 ,all laws & cu/oms com+ "u ^! two categories1 ,moses w\ld naturally adopt z "p ( ! legislation ( ! new nation1 & w\ld /amp !m ) 8 approval z be+ 9 accord ) ! religion ( ,yahweh4 ,!y w\ld ?us acquire ! same au?ority z if !y 7 entirely new1 giv5 = ! fir/ "t by ! ,div9ely inspir$ lawgiv]4 ,b besides ^! two classes ( laws & cu/oms !re mu/ h be5 a numb] :i* 7 s b\nd up ) ! l[] religion t !y c\ld n be adopt$4 ,!y w\ld ei!r be ob/ructive ( ! new ideas1 or !y w\ld be positively ho/ile to !m2 = on any supposition hea!nism ( v>i\s sorts 0 l>gely m+l$ ) ! religion ( ! ,israelite p be=e _! deliv]ance1 & ev5 aft] x4 ,to sift ^! out1 & to replace !m by o!rs m 9 accord ) ! w ( ,yahweh z n[ reveal$1 mu/ h be5 ! *ief "w ( ! lawgiv]4 ,9 t m or less protract$ p]iod be=e ,israel came to ,s9ai1 dur+ :i* ,moses burd5$ himself ) judg+ ! p p]sonally1 he mu/ h be5 do+ ?is "w4 ,8 reflections 9 ! wild]ness _h d\btless prep>$ him = x4 ,9 a m9d l 81 ! fruitful pr9ciples receiv$ by ! inspiration ( ! ,almighty c\ld n be m]ely passively held4 ,l ,/4 ,paul 9 8 ,arabian soj\rn1 we mu/ believe t ,moses 9 ,midian w\ld "w out ! results ( ^! pr9ciples 9 _m directions2 & :5 he l$ ,israel =?1 he mu/ h be5 cle>ly consci\s ( *anges t 7 indisp5sable4 ,b x ne$$ close e-day contact ) ! life ( ! p to br+ out all ! incompatibilities :i* he w\ld h to remove4 ,e day unexpect$ complications w\ld arise2 & ! p at any rate1 if ,moses himself be suppos$ to be rais$ by 8 inspiration above ! ne$s ( exp]i5ce1 w\ld be able to receive ! in/ruction !y ne$$ only 9 concrete examples1 "h a little & !re a little4 ,:5 !y came to seek ,yahweh 9 any matt] :i* p]plex$ !m1 ,moses gave !m ,yahweh's m9d on ! subject2 & ea* decision t5d$ to purify & r5d] innocu\s to _! high] life "s dep>tm5t ( public or private affairs4 ,e day at t e>ly "t mu/ h be5 a day ( in/ruction h[ to apply ! pr9ciples ( ! high] fai? j reviv$4 ,! bett] m9ds among ! *iefs 7 !reby tra9$ to an appreciation ( ! new po9t ( view2 & :5 ,je?ro sugge/$ t ! burd5 ( ?is "w %\ld be divid$1 q a suffici5t numb] 7 f\nd prep>$ to c>ry x on4 ,aft] ?is x mu/ h gone on ) t5fold spe$1 & we may believe t :5 ,s9ai 0 rea*$ ! prelim9>ies on ! human side to ! great revelation _h be5 ?or\ghly elaborat$4 ,! ,div9e pres5ce _h be5 ) ,moses day by day1 judg+1 decid+1 inspir+ 9 all _! individual conc]ns z well z 9 _! common affairs4 ,b t w\ld only br+ out m cle>ly ! ext5t ( ! re=mation t rema9$ to be wr\ght2 d\btless too x _h reveal$ ! dulness ( he>t 9 reg>d to ! ,div9e :i* has always *>act]is$ ! mass ( m54 ,! ne$ = a m complete revelation1 a m ext5d$ & detail$ legislation on ! new basis1 mu/ h be5 greatly felt4 ,9 ! great sc5e at ,s9ai1 a sc5e s /range & awe-inspir+ t to ! late/ days ( ,israel ! memory ( x ?rill$ e ,israelite he>t & exalt$ e ,israelite imag9ation1 ?is ne$ 0 adequately met4 ,9 connection ) x ,moses rose to new heights ( intimacy ) ! ,div9e4 ,:at he _h already done 0 ratifi$1 & 9 ! ,decalogue ! great l9es ( moral & social life 7 m>k$ out = ! p4 ,b ! mo/ rem>kable ?+ to u1 9 ! n>rative ( ! circle ( ev5ts :i* made ! m\nta9 ( ! law = ev] memorable1 is ! sublimity attribut$ to ! "* ( ,moses4 ,f ! day :5 he smote ! ,egyptian1 at e glimpse we h ( him we f9d him always advanc+ 9 p[] ( "*4 ,! %eph]d ( ,midian is nobl]1 less self-ass]tive1 m ov]aw$ by communion ) ,god1 ?an ! son ( ,ph>aoh's daught]1 noble z he 04 ,aga91 ! religi\s re=m]1 ! popul> lead]1 :o ne$s ! v insi/5ce ( ,god to make him lead1 :o speaks = ,god ) su* c\rage\s maje/y1 :o tea*es1 inspires1 & manages a turbul5t nation ) su* conspicu\s pati5ce1 self-repression1 & success1 is greatly m impressive ?an ! ,moses ( ,midianite days4 ,b x is "h1 at ,s9ai1 t 8 rank among ! lead]s ( m5 is fix$ = ev]4 ,to ! p ( t "t ,god 0 above all ?+s t]rible2 & :5 !y came to ! m\nt & f\nd t !re 7 ?und]s & lightn+s & a ?ick cl\d ^u ! m\nt1 & ! voice ( ! trumpet exce$+ l\d1 !y c\ld only tremble4 ,_! v fe> made x impossible = !m to und]/& :at ,god desir$ to reveal conc]n+ ,himself4 ,b 9 ,moses love _h ca/ out fe>4 ,ev5 to him1 d\btless1 ! d>kness 0 t]rible1 because x express$ only too well ! my/]y :i* enwrapp$ ! end ( ! ,div9e purposes ( :i* he alone _h se5 ! beg9n+s2 ev5 8 m9d mu/ h be5 cl\d$ ?ick ) d\bts z to :i!r ,yahweh 0 lead+ him & 8 p2 yet he w5t boldly =? to seek ,god1 v5tur+ all ^u t err&4 ,9 previ\s p]plexities ! n>rative repres5ts ,moses z call+ in/antly ^u ,yahweh2 b n[1 :5 exp]i5ce _h taught him ! =midable nature ( 8 task1 :5 difficulties _h increas$ ^u him1 :5 8 p]plexities ( all k9ds mu/ h be5 simply ov]:elm+1 he he>d ! voice ( ,yahweh call+ him to ,himself4 ,/raightway he w5t into solit>y communion ) ,him2 & :5 he pass$ ) satisfi$ he>t f t communion1 he br\ght ) him ^? immortal words ( ! ,decalogue :i*1 amid all *anges s9ce1 h be5 ackn[l$g$ to be ! true f\ndation = moral & spiritual life4 ,he br\ght too a commission au?oris+ him to give laws & judgm5ts to 8 p 9 accord ) :at he _h he>d & se5 on ! m\nt4 ,h[ev] we are to und]/& ! details ( ! n>rative !re=e1 its mean+ is t at ?is "t1 & "u ^! circum/ances1 ,moses atta9$ 8 maximum ( inspiration z a se] or prophet1 & f t "t onw>d /ood 9 a m intimate relation to ,god ?an any ( ! prophets & sa9ts ( ,israel :o came aft] him4 ,he _h f\nd ,god2 & f :]e he /ood ) ,god he saw ! pa?s ( religi\s & political progress pla9ly m>k$ out4 ,h5ce=? he 0 compet5t to guide ! nation he _h made z he _h n yet be51 & ) 8 p[] to help !m 8 eag]ness to d s grew4 ,twice dur+ ?is great crisis ( 8 life ! p broke away into evil1 & national dea? 0 ?reat5$4 ,b ) passionate supplications = _! p>don he ?rew himself d[n betwe5 ,god & !m4 ,at precisely ! mom5t :5 8 communion ) ,god 0 mo/ complete1 he rose to ! lov+ recklessness ( desir+ t if !y 7 to be de/roy$ he might p]i% ) !m4 ,/rangely en\gh1 ?\gh ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy _h ?is be=e him1 he does n m5tion x4 ,x _c h /ruck ev5 him z ! cr[n+ po9t ( ,moses' c>e]1 z x does u4 ,ev5 9 8 day ! fitness1 nay1 ! necessity1 ( ?is self-sacrific+ _s z ! fruit ( deep] k ( ,god1 0 n yet felt2 mu* less c\ld x h be5 felt 9 ! days ( ! e>li] hi/orians4 ,!re mu/1 !re=e1 be reliable in=mation "h z to :at ,moses actually did4 ,su* love z ?is 0 n "p ( ! ,israelite ideal at ! "t ( our n>rative1 & f no?+ b k ( ! fact c\ld x h be5 attribut$ to ,moses4 ,we may rank ?is en?usiasm ( love1 !re=e1 z a reliable trait 9 8 "*4 ,b if x be s1 h[ f> mu/ he 9 8 highe/ mom5ts h transc5d$ 8 contempor>ies1 & ev5 ! be/ ( 8 successors1 9 k ( ! inmo/ nature ( ,god6 ,8 ?\ght 0 s f> above !m t x rema9$ fruitless = _m c5turies4 ,j]emiah's life & dea? fir/ prep>$ ! way = its appreciation1 b only 9 ! "* ( ! ,s]vant ( ,yahweh 9 ,second ,isaiah is x surpass$4 ,n[ if 9 ?is deepe/ "p ( true religion ,moses possess$ su* exceptional spiritual insight1 x is va9 to attempt to %[ t 8 conception ( ,god 0 s l[1 & 8 aim = man s limit$1 z mod]n !ori/s suppose4 ,! tru? mu/ lie r ) ^? :o1 l ,dr4 ,a4 ,b4 ,davidson1#acf see 9 him a pr(\ndly rev]5tial anci5t m9d ) ?\ghts ( ,god s broad t mank9d has add$ little to !m4 ,no?+ 9 ! way ( sublimity ( view w\ld be incongru\s ) su* a "*1 :ile no?+ c\ld be m grotesque ?an to %ut x up )9 ! limits ( ! gross conceptions ( ! mass ( ! p4 ,he 0 _! guid+ />1 n _! fell[1 9 all t conc]n$ ,god1 & 8 religi\s conceptions 7 by a :ole heav5 remov$ f !irs4 ,! entire trag$y ( 8 life j consi/$ 9 ?is1 t he _h to /rive ) a turbul5t & ga9say+ p1 _h to be> ) !m & tra9 !m1 _h to be cont5t ) sc>cely p]ceptible advances1 :]e 8 /r5u\s guidance & 8 pati5t love %\ld h k9dl$ !m to run 9 ! way ( ,god's comm&m5ts4 ,b ?\gh _! progress 0 lam5tably sl[1 he gave !m an impulse !y 7 nev] to lose4 ,"u ! inspiration ( ! ,almighty he s fix$ _! fundam5tal ideas ab\t ,god t !y nev] h5ce=? c\ld get free ( 8 spiritual company4 ,9 all _! progress aft]w>ds !y felt ! impress ( 8 m9d1 m\ld+ & %ap+ !m ev5 :5 !y knew x n1 & ?r\gh !m he />t$ 9 ! _w t r$emptive "w ( ,god :i* manife/$ its highe/ p[] 9 ,jesus ,*ri/4 #acf ,moses' ,god1 ,briti% ,weekly1 ,febru>y #b1 #ahic4 ,f ?is po9t onw>d ! idea ( ,moses t ,deut]onomy gives u is t ( a great popul> lead]1 meet+ ) extraord9>y calmness all ! crises ( gov]nm5t1 & guid+ 8 p ) unwav]+ /eadfa/ness4 ,)\t p[]1 except t :i* 8 relation to ,god & ! *oice ( ! p gave him1 )\t any (ficial title1 he simply dom9at$ ! ,israelites z long z he liv$4 ,& ! secret ( 8 success is pla9ly told u 9 ! n>rative4 ,he w\ld n move a s+le /ep )\t ,div9e guidance 7,exod4 xxxiii4 #ab73 ,& ,moses said unto ! ,"l1 ,see1 ,?\ saye/ unto me1 ,br+ up ?is p3 b ,?\ ha/ n let me "k :om ,?\ wilt s5d ) me4 7,v]4 #ad7 ,& ,he said1 ,mu/ ,i g 9 p]son ) !e & br+ !e to ?y place ( re/8 ,& ,moses said1 ,if ,?\ do/ n g ) u 9 p]son1 !n r lead u n away h5ce4 ,t c only mean t he laid aside self-w1 t he put away p]sonal s5sitiv5ess1 t he _h le>n$ to feel himself unsafe :5 vanity or self-reg>d ass]t$ !mselves 9 8 decisions1 t he s\ght cont9ually t deta*m5t ( view :i* absolute devotion to ! ,highe/ always gives4 ,x means also t he knew h[ d>k & dull 8 own vision 01 t cl\ds & d>kness w\ld always be ab\t him1 & t x w\ld be impossible = him to *oose 8 pa?1 unless he knew :at ! ,div9e plan = 8 p 04 ,& all t is n>rat$ ( him aft]w>d %[s t 8 pray] 0 grant$4 ,8 pati5ce "u trial has be5 h&$ d[n to u z a m>vel4 ,?\gh 8 bro!r & si/] rebell$ aga9/ him1 he won !m aga9 entirely to himself4 ,?\gh a faction among ! p rose aga9/ 8 au?ority "u ,da?an & ,abiram1 8 p[] 0 n ev5 %ak54 ,amid all ! p]v]sity & *ildi% fickl5ess ( ,israel he kept !m true to _! *oice ( ! des]t1 t great & t]rible wild]ness1 z aga9/ ,egypt ) ! fle%-pots4 ,he kept alive _! fai? 9 ! promise ( ,yahweh to give !m a l& fl[+ ) milk & honey1 & :at 0 m & great] ?an t1 _! fai? 9 ,him z _! ,r$eem]4 ,by 8 int]c\rse ) ,yahweh he 0 upheld f fall+ away f 8 own ideals1 z s _m lead]s ( nations h done1 or f despair+ ( !m4 ,! compla9ts & p]v]sities ( ! p did h[ev] =ce him into s92 & p]haps we may take x t ! outbreak ( petulance :5 he smote ! rock 0 only "o in/ance ( "s g5]al decay ( "* on t side1 or p]haps "o %\ld r say1 ( "s g5]al fall+ away f ! self-re/ra9t :i* _h di/+ui%$ him4 ,x seems /range t ?is "o failure %\ld h be5 puni%$ 9 him1 by exclusion f ! l& he _h s /eadfa/ly believ$ 91 ! l& :i* mo/ ( ^? :o actually ent]$ x w\ld nev] h se5 b = him4 ,& x is pa!tic to f9d him among t great company ( m>tyrs = ! public good1 ^? :o 9 ord] to s]ve _! p h neglect$ _! own *>act]s4 ,"u ! /ress ( public "w & ! pressure ( ! /upidity & gre$ ( ^? :om !y h s\ght to guide1 _m lead]s ( m5 h be5 tempt$1 & h yield$ to ! temptation1 to =get ! dem&s ( _! bett] nature4 ,b :atev] _! s]vices to ! _w1 su* unfai?fulness does n pass unpuni%$4 ,!y h to be> ! p5alty1 :osoev] !y be2 & ,moses 0 no m an exception ?an ,cromwell or ,savon>ola 01 to m5tion only "s ( ! nobl] examples4 ,he _h be5 c\rage\s :5 o!rs _h falt]$4 ,he _h be5 pre-em95tly j2 = 9 f\nd+ ! judicial sy/em ( ,israel he _h gu>d$ alike aga9/ ! tyranny ( ! great & aga9/ unju/ fav\r to ! small4 ,he _h laid a firm h& ^u ! education ( y\?1 det]m9$ t ! be/ inh]itance ( _! p1 ! k ( ! laws ( ,yahweh & ( ,8 provid5ces1 %\ld n be lo/ to !m4 ,he _h cle>$ _! religion 9 pr9ciple ( all t 0 unwor?y ( ,yahweh1 & he _h by resolute val\r1 & by uncompromis+ /]nness to enemies1 br\ght 8 great task to a successful issue4 ,b ! rew>d ( x all1 ! entrance into ! l& he _h virtually won = 8 p1 0 d5i$ to him4 ,x is "o ( ! laws ( ! ,div9e gov]nm5t ( ! _w1 t ) ^? to :om ,god specially draws ne> ,he is m rigor\s ?an ) o!rs4 ,amos cle>ly saw & proclaim$ ?is pr9ciple 7,amos iii4 #b74 ,he> ?is ^w t ,yahweh ha? spok5 aga9/ y1 *ildr5 ( ,israel1 he says2 ,y only h ,i kn[n ( all ! families ( ! e>?3 !re=e ,i w visit ^u y all y\r iniquities4 ,! pa!tic picture ( ! ag$ lawgiv]1 judge1 & prophet1 besee*+ ,god 9 va9 t he might %>e 9 ! joy :i* 0 freely be/[$ ^u s _m less kn[n & less wor?y ?an he1 pu%es home t /r5u\s tea*+4 ,= 8 s9 he di$ ) 8 la/ e>ne/ wi% unfulfill$1 & x 0 sadly long+ eyes t dea?'s f+] t\*$4 ,we rememb] also t1 s f> z we c judge1 he _h no c]ta9 hope ( a future life o!r ?an ! %ad[y exi/5ce ( ,hades4 ,?\gh he slay me yet w ,i tru/ him _h a mu* m tragic mean+ = ,old ,te/am5t sa9ts ?an x c ev] h = u1 = :om ,*ri/ has br\ght life & immortality to light4 ,yet1 ) a s mu* heavi] burd51 & ) s mu* less ( graci\s support1 !y play$ _! high "p4 ,t solit>y figure on ! m\nta9-top1 ab\t to die ) ! fulfilm5t ( 8 passionate la/ wi% d5i$ him by 8 ,god1 mu/ %ame u into sil5ce :5 we fret because our hopes h p]i%$4 ,all ^? nations :i* h _h t figure on _! horizon h be5 p]man5tly enri*$ 9 nature by x4 ,9 a ?\s& ways x has %ot =? in/ructions2 b1 above all1 x has made m5 wor?y 9 _! own eyes2 = x has be5 a cont9u\s rem9d] t ,god c & ought to be s]v$ unfalt]+ly1 ev5 :5 ! rew>d we wi% is d5i$ u1 & :5 e o!r consolation is dim4 ,b ! "q may n[ arise1 ,is n ?is "* ( ,moses :i* ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy p>tly _h be=e him & p>tly help$ to elaborate1 too exalt$ to be reliable8 ,c we suppose t a man 9 ,moses' day & circum/ances c\ld actually h ent]ta9$ su* ?\ghts1 & h possess$ su* a "* z we h be5 depict+8 ,9 ess5tials x w\ld appe> to be q possible4 ,putt+ aside all di/ract+ que/ions ab\t details1 & rememb]+ t x is a m]e sup]/ition to suppose t ! wants & appliances ( civilisation are necess>y to l(t9ess ( "* & dep? ( ?\ght1 :]e is !re any?+ 9 ! situation ( ,moses :i* %\ld make ?is view ( him incr$ible8 ,no d\bt !re 0 a rud5ess 9 8 surr\nd+s :i* mu/ necess>ily h affect$ 8 nature2 & ! =ms ( 8 ?9k+ 9 t e>ly1 ?\gh by no means primitive1 "t mu/ h diff]$ greatly f ours4 ,moreov]1 z an in/rum5t = sci5tific inquiry & = ! v]ification ( facts1 ! human m9d mu/ h be5 greatly less effective !n ?an x is to-day4 ,b none ( ^! ?+s h mu* influ5ce ^u a man's capacity to receive a new & inspir+ revelation z to ,god4 ,o!rwise no *ild c\ld be a ,*ri/ian4 ,z reg>ds ! rud5ess ( 8 surr\nd+s1 we mu/ n consci\sly or unconsci\sly degrade him to ! level ( a mod]n ,b$\94 ,among ! ho/ he l$1 "s d\btless 7 at t level2 b ! bulk ( ,israel mu/ h be5 above x2 & ,moses himself1 f 8 circum/ances & 8 natural end[m5t1 mu/ h /ood side by side ) ! mo/ cultur$ m5 ( 8 "t4 ,:atev] ignorance or error 9 sci5ce he may h be5 capable (1 & h[ev] rude1 accord+ to our ideas1 8 mann] ( life1 !re 0 no?+ 9 ^! to %ut him out f spiritual tru?4 ,t :i* ,pr(4 ,h5ry ,morley has f9ally said ( ,dante#acg mu/ h be5 true1 mutatis mut&is1 ( a man l ,moses4 ,dante's k is ! k ( 8 "t1 b if spiritual tru? only came f "r & p]fect k1 ?is w\ld h be5 a _w ( dead s\ls f ! fir/ to n[1 = future c5turies 9 look+ back at u w wond] at ! little faulty k t we ?9k s mu*4 ,b let ! kn[n be :at x may1 ! true s\l rises f x to a s5se ( ! ,div9e my/]ies ( wisdom & love4 ,dante's k may be full ( ignorance1 & s is ours4 ,b he fills x z he c ) ! _s ( ,god4 ,9 ! ,ea/ ?is is ev5 m conspicu\sly true1 ev5 to ?is day4 ,:at an ,israelite "u simil> conditions might be is se5 9 ! prophet ,amos4 ,8 ext]nal condition 0 ( ! poore/--a ga!r] ( sycamore fruit mu/ h be5 poor ev5 = ! ,ea/--yet he knew accurately ! hi/ory1 n only ( 8 own p1 b ( ! surr\nd+ nations1 & brood$ on ! purpose ( ,god 9 reg>d to 8 own p & ! _w1 till he became a fit recipi5t ( prophetic inspirations4 ,b inde$ ! :ole hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity is a demon/ration ( ?is tru?4 ,f ! fir/ days1 :5 n _m mighty1 n _m noble 7 be+ call$1 :5 x 0 specially ! message to li/5+ slaves1 ! religion ( ,*ri/ has _h its greate/ triumphs among ! poor ( ! _w1 ri* 9 fai?1 b 9 no?+ else4 ,^! h n only believ$ x1 b !y h liv$ x1 & amid ! meane/ & rude/ surr\nd+s1 ) ! mo/ limit$ outlook1 h built up *>act]s (t5 ( ev5 respl5d5t virtue4 ,:atev] primitiv5ess we may fairly ascribe1 !re=e1 to ! life & surr\nd+s ( ,moses1 t is no reason :y we %\ld ?9k x incr$ible t he _h receiv$ l(ty spiritual tru? f ,god4 ,if he did su* ?+s = ,israel z we h se51 if1 z almo/ all admit1 he actually made a nation1 & plant$ ! se$s ( a religion ( :i* ,*ri/ianity is ! natural complem5t & cr[n1 !n ! view t he _h a greatly high] idea ( ,god ?an ^? ab\t him is n only cr$ible b necess>y4 ,if 8 tea*+ conc]n+ ,yahweh _h am\nt$ only to ?is1 t ,he 0 ! only ,god ,israel 0 to wor%ip1 & t !y 7 to be solely ,8 p1 !n on su* a basis no?+ m ?an ! ord9>y hea!n civilisations ( ! ,semitic p c\ld h be5 built4 ,b if he _h ! ?\ght ( ,god :i* is embodi$ 9 ! ,decalogue1 t c\ld br+ ) x ev]y?+ 9 ! "* ( ,moses t seems too high = ^? e>ly days4 ,! k ( ,god z a spiritual & moral be+ c\ld n fail to moralise & spiritualise ! man4 ,! l(ty conception ( human duty1 ! submission to ! w ( ,god1 ! passionate love = 8 nation :i* made p]sonal loss no?+ to ,moses1 may well h be5 evok$ by ! great tru? :i* =m$ 8 prophetic revelation4 #acg ,convito ( ,dante1 ,morley's ,univ]sal ,libr>y1 ,introduction1 pp4 #f ff4 ,b ! n>rative itself1 consid]$ m]ely z a hi/ory1 is ( su* a nature z to give confid5ce t x re/s ^u "s record ( an actual life4 ,ideal sket*es ( great m5 7sett+ aside ! products ( mod]n fictive art7 are mu* m uni=m & sup]ficially coh]5t ?an ?is "* ( ,moses4 ,! purpose ( ! writ] ei!r to exalt or to decry c>ries all be=e x1 & we get f su* a s\rce pictures ( "* s consi/5t t !y _c possibly be true4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 we h no?+ ( t k9d4 ,ra%nesses & weaknesses are n>rat$1 & ev5 ,moses' good qualities are manife/$ 9 unexpect$ ways 9 response to unexpect$ evils 9 ! p4 ,! m]e fact1 also1 t 8 grave 0 unkn[n is indicative ( tru?4 ,?\gh x w\ld be absurd to say t :]ev] we h ! graves ( great m5 po9t$ out1 !re we h a my?ical /ory1 x is nev]!less true t 9 ! case ( e "n or "* :i* has come l>gely "u ! influ5ce ( ! my?-mak+ _s1 ! grave has be5 made mu* (4 ,! ,arabian imag9ation "h seems to be typical ( ! ,semitic imag9ation2 & 9 all ,moslem l&s ! graves ( ! prophets & sa9ts ( ! ,old ,te/am5t are po9t$ out ) great rev]5ce1 ev51 or p]haps we %\ld say especially1 if !y be eighty feet long4 ,?\gh a well-au!nticat$ tomb ( ,moses1 !re=e1 w\ld h be5 a pro( ( 8 real exi/5ce & life among m51 ! abs5ce ( any is a /rong] pro( ( ! sobriety & tru? ( ! n>rative4 ,t ) ! goal 9 sight1 & ) 8 great "w ab\t to come to fruition1 he %\ld h turn$ away into ! solitude ( ! m\nta9s to die1 is s v unlikely to occur to ! m9d ( ! writ] ( an ideal life ( an ideal lead]1 t only "s tradition ( ?is z a fact c acc\nt = x4 ,! unexpect$ness ( su* an end to a h]o's c>e] is ! /ronge/ evid5ce ( its tru?4 ,! result ( all ! indications is t ! /ory ( ,moses1 z ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy knew x1 re/s ^u au!ntic in=mation h&$ d[n someh[1 probably 9 writt5 docum5ts1 f ! e>lie/ "t4 ,ap>t f ! "q ( inspiration1 !re=e1 we may re/ ^u x z reliable 9 all ess5tials4 ,only 9 him1 & ! revelation he receiv$1 h we an adequate cause = ! great upheaval ( religi\s feel+ :i* %ap$ & *>act]is$ all ! aft]-hi/ory ( ,israel4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,expositor',s ,,bible4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 price #a4ej ea* vol4 ,,fir/ ,,s]ies1 #ahhg-h4 ,colossians1 ,by ,a4 ,,macl>51 ,d4,d4 ,/4 ,m>k1 ,by ,v ,rev4 ! ,dean ( ,armagh4 ,g5esis1 ,by ,pr(4 ,,m>cus ,,dods1 ,d4,d4 #a ,samuel1 ,by ,pr(4 ,w4 ,g4 ,,blaikie1 ,d4,d4 #b ,samuel1 ,by ! same ,au?or4 ,hebrews1 ,by ,pr9cipal ,t4,c4 ,,edw>ds1 ,d4,d4 ,,second ,,s]ies1 #ahhh-i4 ,galatians1 ,by ,pr(4 ,g4 ,g4 ,,f9dlay1 ,b4,a4 ,! ,pa/oral ,epi/les1 ,by ,rev4 ,a4 ,,plumm]1 ,d4,d4 ,isaiah ,i4-,,xxxix4 ,by ,pr(4 ,g4 ,a4 ,,smi?1 ,d4,d4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,! ,book ( ,revelation1 ,by ,pr(4 ,w4 ,,milligan1 ,d4,d4 #a ,cor9?ians1 ,by ,pr(4 ,,m>cus ,,dods1 ,d4,d4 ,! ,epi/les ( ,/4 ,john1 ,by ,rt4 ,rev4 ,w4 ,,alex&]1 ,d4,d4 ,,?ird ,,s]ies1 #ahhi-ij4 ,judges & ,ru?1 ,by ,r4 ,a4 ,,watson1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,d4 ,j]emiah1 ,by ,rev4 ,c4 ,j4 ,,ball1 ,m4,a4 ,isaiah ,,xl4-,,lxvi1 ,by ,pr(4 ,g4 ,a4 ,,smi?1 ,d4,d4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,/4 ,mat!w1 ,by ,rev4 ,j4 ,,monro ,,gibson1 ,d4,d4 ,exodus1 ,by ,v ,rev4 ! ,dean ( ,armagh4 ,/4 ,luke1 ,by ,rev4 ,h4 ,,burton1 ,m4,a4 ,,f\r? ,,s]ies1 #ahij-a4 ,ecclesia/es1 ,by ,rev4 ,,samuel ,,cox1 ,d4,d4 ,/4 ,james & ,/4 ,jude1 ,by ,rev4 ,a4 ,,plumm]1 ,d4,d4 ,prov]bs1 ,by ,rev4 ,r4 ,f4 ,,horton1 ,d4,d4 ,leviticus1 ,by ,rev4 ,s4 ,h4 ,,kellogg1 ,d4,d4 ,! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,john1 ,by ,pr(4 ,m4 ,,dods1 ,d4,d4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 ,by ,pr(4 ,,/okes1 ,d4,d4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,,fif? ,,s]ies1 #ahia-b4 ,! ,psalms1 ,by ,a4 ,,macl>51 ,d4,d4 ,vol4 ,i4 #a & #b ,!ssalonians1 ,by ,,james ,,d5ney1 ,d4,d4 ,! ,book ( ,job1 ,by ,r4 ,a4 ,,watson1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,d4 ,ephesians1 ,by ,pr(4 ,g4 ,g4 ,,f9dlay1 ,b4,a4 ,! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,john1 ,by ,pr(4 ,m4 ,,dods1 ,d4,d4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 ,by ,pr(4 ,,/okes1 ,d4,d4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,,six? ,,s]ies1 #ahib-c4 #a ,k+s1 ,by ,v54 ,ar*deacon ,,f>r>4 ,philippians1 ,by ,pr9cipal ,,ra9y1 ,d4,d4 ,ezra1 ,nehemiah1 ,e/h]1 ,by ,pr(4 ,w4 ,f4 ,,ad5ey1 ,m4,a4 ,jo%ua1 ,by ,pr(4 ,w4 ,g4 ,,blaikie1 ,d4,d4 ,! ,psalms1 ,by ,a4 ,,macl>51 ,d4,d4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,! ,epi/les ( ,/4 ,pet]1 ,by ,pr(4 ,,rawson ,,lumby1 ,d4,d4 ,,sev5? ,,s]ies1 #ahic-d4 #b ,k+s1 ,by ,v54 ,ar*deacon ,,f>r>4 ,romans1 ,by ,h4 ,c4 ,g4 ,,m\le1 ,m4,a4 ,! ,books ( ,*ronicles1 ,by ,pr(4 ,w4 ,h4 ,,b5nett1 ,m4,a4 #b ,cor9?ians1 ,by ,,james ,,d5ney1 ,d4,d4 ,numb]s1 ,by ,r4 ,a4 ,,watson1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,d4 ,! ,psalms1 ,by ,a4 ,,macl>51 ,d4,d4 ,vol4 ,,iii4 ,,eigh? ,,s]ies1 #ahie-f4 ,daniel1 ,by ,v54 ,ar*deacon ,,f>r>4 ,! ,book ( ,j]emiah4 ,by ,pr(4 ,w4 ,h4 ,,b5nett1 ,m4,a4 ,deut]onomy1 ,by ,pr(4 ,,&rew ,,h>p]1 ,b4,d4 ,! ,song ( ,solomon & ,lam5tations1 ,by ,pr(4 ,w4 ,f4 ,,ad5ey1 ,m4,a4 ,ezekiel1 ,by ,pr(4 ,,john ,,sk9n]1 ,m4,a4 ,! ,m9or ,prophets1 ,by ,pr(4 ,g4 ,a4 ,,smi?1 ,d4,d4 ,two ,vols4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s note3 ,m9or typographical & punctuation errors h be5 correct$ )\t note4 ,irregul>ities & inconsi/5cies 9 ! text h be5 reta9$ z pr9t$4 ,! cov] = ! e,book v]sion ( ?is book 0 creat$ by ! transcrib] & is plac$ 9 ! public doma94 ,a li/ ( ! ,expositor's ,bible s]ies has be5 %ift$ to ! end ( ! book4