,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,text enclos$ by und]scores is 9 italics 7italics71 & text enclos$ by equal signs is 9 bold 7bold74 ,_m illu/rations conta9 text1 :i* is m>k$ by ind5t+ x m ?an ! illu/ration captions4 ,additional ,transcrib]'s ,notes are at ! end4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,?+s ,,to ,,"k ,,ab\t ,,trade-,,m>ks ,a ,,manual ,,( ,trade-,m>k ,in=mation ,illu/ration ,,publi%$ ,,by ,j4 ,,walt] ,,?ompson ,,company #dd ,,ea/ #bcrd ,,/reet ,,new ,,york ,bran* ,(fices ,,*icago ,,clevel& ,,/4 ,,l\is ,,toronto ,,bo/on ,,c9c9nati ,,detroit ,,london 99 99 99 99 99 ,,copyright1 #aiaa ,,by ,j4 ,,walt] ,,?ompson ,,company 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,j4 ,,walt] ,,?ompson ,,company ,e/4 #ahfd ,! ,purpose ( ,?is ,book ,our idea1 9 prep>+ ?is little book1 is to set =?1 9 cle> & simple language1 ! ma9 features ( ! law relat+ to trade-m>ks & to illu/rate its application by specific examples ( well-kn[n trade-m>ks n[ 9 use4 ,to an adv]tis] :o has _h b little exp]i5ce 9 regi/]+ trade-m>ks1 ! law1 ) a conge/$ mass ( prec$5ts surr\nd+ x1 seems to be a legal maze4 ,b its intricacy is m app>5t ?an real4 ,! law is q cle> & explicit :5 "o has ! pati5ce & exp]i5ce 9 su* matt]s to get to ! bottom ( x4 ,we h endeavor$ to write ?is book 9 language s cle> t any bus9ess man w und]/& x1 & we feel sure t x w give any "o a good work+ k ( trade-m>k requirem5ts4 ,x has n be5 our int5tion to produce an exhau/ive treatise on ! subject4 ,su* a treatm5t ( ! law ( trade-m>ks & its alli$ subject ( unfair trade w\ld require a l>ge volume1 & ! long & intricate discussion ( m9or po9ts necess>y 9 a "w ( t k9d w\ld be we>isome & p]haps un9telligible to ! lay read]4 ,nor h we discuss$ ! orig9 ( ! cu/om ( id5tify+ m]*&ise by trade-m>ks4 ,?is phase ( ! subject--trade-m>ks 9 _! hi/orical aspect--is int]e/+ 9 an academic s5se1 b x has little or no be>+ on ! trade-m>k situation ( to-day4 ,= fur!r /udy ( ! trade-m>k law & ! alli$ subject ( ! law ( unfair trade1 we advise ! read+ ( ,hesselt9e's ,law ( ,trade-,m>ks & ,unfair ,trade 7,little1 ,br[n ,co41 #aijf72 & ,nims on ,unfair ,bus9ess ,competition 7,bak]1 ,voorhis ,co474 ,bo? ( ^! works are legal 9 _! treatm5t ( ! subject & 9 _! phraseology4 ,ano!r "w conta9+ mu* in=mation on ?is subject is ,cl[ry ,*apman's ,law ( ,adv]tis+ & ,sales1 9 two volumes1 publi%$ by ! au?or4 ,j4 ,,walt] ,,?ompson ,,company ,illu/ration3 ,j4 ,walt] ,?ompson ,,presid5t4 ,table ( ,cont5ts ,*apt] ,page ,introduction #g ,i4 ,dige/ ( ,! ,trade-,m>k ,law #ac ,prop]ty 9 ,trade-,m>k ,re/s ,^u ,common ,law #ac ,conditions ( ,regi/ration #ad ,t5-,ye>s ,clause #af ,h[ to ,apply = ,regi/ration #ag ,proc$ure ( ! ,pat5t ,(fice #bj ,regi/ration 9 ,=eign ,c\ntries #bc ,classification ( ,m]*&ise #bc ,/ate ,trade-,m>k ,laws #be ,,ii4 ,ess5tials ( a ,valid ,trade-,m>k #bf ,portrait ( a ,liv+ ,individual--,:5 x may be ,regi/]$ #bg ,trade-,m>k ,mu/ n be ,descriptive #bh ,trade-,m>k ,mu/ n ,misrepres5t #ca ,trade-,m>k ,mu/ n ,resemble ,previ\sly ,regi/]$ ,m>k = ,same ,class ( ,m]*&ise #cb ,a ,geographical ,"n is n ,regi/rable #cd ,trade-,m>k ,mu/ n ,conta9 ,r$ ,cross ,insignia #cf ,re/rictions z to ,regi/]+ ,names #cg ,trade-,m>k ,mu/ n be ,frat]nal ,society ,emblem #ci ,trade-,m>k ,mu/ n ,consi/ ( ,flag or ,coat-(-,arms #dj ,a ,=m1 ,color1 a ,%ape1 or a ,mat]ial ,n ,regi/rable #dj ,trade-,m>k ,mu/ n be ,aga9/ ,public ,policy #db ,affixation #dc ,,iii4 ,adv]tis+ ,*>act]s #de ,,iv4 ,infr+em5t #eb ,v4 ,assignm5t #fi ,,vi4 ,trade-,m>ks 9 ,canada #gc ,,vii4 ,h[ to ,devise a ,trade-,m>k #gf ,introduction ,if y 7 to ask any doz5 m5 among y\r acqua9tances1 or any hundr$ m51 to "n ! greate/ writ] t has ev] liv$1 ! odds are p]haps z great z a hundr$ to "o t e man w\ld say ,%akespe>e4 ,?is virtual unanimity ( op9ion w\ld n h its orig9 9 a consci\s comp>ison ( au?ors & _! works1 = we might z well be frank ) ea* o!r & admit t n m ?an "o ( u 9 a ?\s& has ev] read en\gh ( ,%akespe>e to =m any op9ion t w\ld be wor? li/5+ to4 ,we take ,%akespe>e on fai?4 ,we h be5 taught t ,%akespe>e 0 a transc5d5t g5ius1 ! greate/ man t ev] put p5 to pap]1 & we believe x4 ,%akespe>e is 9 evid5ce on e h&4 ,we quote him e day4 ,he is well adv]tis$4 ,&1 ne$less to say1 8 reputation z a writ] is f> great] to-day ?an :5 he liv$ ov] a wig-mak]'s %op 9 ,london1 or ev5 :5 8 =tune _h be5 made1 & he _h retir$ ) 8 jig-saw coat-(-arms to ! lordly mansion on ! hill back ( ,/rat=d4 ,he has be5 adv]tis$ = ?ree c5turies ) praise orig9at+ f a ?\s& s\rces1 & 8 reputation is n[ /eep$ head & e>s 9 ,cumulative ,results4 ,%akespe>e's "n has become a sort ( trade-m>k ( good lit]ature4 ,if a m$dl+ antiqu>ian %\ld ?\ghtlessly add to ! afflictions ( ! intellectual life by une>?+ a dogg]el sonnet ( ,?omas ! ,rhym] to :i* "s cl]kly scribe _h affix$1 9 error1 ! "n ( ,william ,%akespe>e1 le>n$ m5 w\ld read x1 & nodd+ wisely1 w\ld d\btless say1 ,pretty good /uff--or ! s*ol>ly equival5t ( t phrase4 ,! =ce ( recogniz$ di/9ction is trem5d\s1 n only 9 lit]ature1 b 9 bus9ess1 9 sci5ce--9 %ort1 x is "o ( ! mo/ valuable assets 9 e field ( human endeavor4 ,a commodity may atta9 a height ( di/9ction1 9 ! public's e/imation1 t places x1 among o!r commodities ( its class1 on ! level atta9$ by ,%akespe>e 9 lit]ature4 ,apoll9>is among table wat]s2 ,he9z #eg among pickles2 ,h>t%orn roll]s among w9d[ %ade appliances2 ,coca-,cola among soda f\nta9 dr9ks2 ,huyl]'s among c&ies2 ,une$a ,biscuit among soda crack]s2 ,horlick's among malt$ milks--ea* ( ^! products has become1 by reason ( adv]tis+ comb9$ ) intr9sic m]it1 ! /&>d ( quality 9 its own class4 ,x is int]e/+ & easy to make practical te/s to asc]ta9 :at adv]tis$ commodities h made a g5u9e & f>-rea*+ impression on ! buy+ public4 ,take talcum p[d]1 = example4 ,ask y\r wife1 daught]1 si/]1 /5ograph]--& z _m o!r wom5 z are necess>y to /rike a g5]al av]age--to write d[n ! "n ( :at ea* ( !m consid]s ! /&>d talcum p[d]4 ,!n1 :5 all ! returns are 91 figure up ! result4 ,!re are hundr$s ( br&s ( talcum p[d] sold 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 b y w f9d 9 y\r canvass t only ?ree or f\r are m5tion$ at all1 & t "o ( !m leads all ! re/ by a decisive majority4 ,we c\ld tell y :at ! figures produc$ by y\r exp]im5t w\ld %[ ! lead+ br& to be1 b a mode/ res]ve 9 self-ass]tion =bids u to say m ?an t its "n beg9s ) ! lett] ,m4 ,! enviable position ( ?is p>ticul> talcum p[d] is ! sum total ( _m ye>s' adv]tis+ & trade-m>k publicity4 ,x has become a p]man5t feature ( our comm]cial life2 a sort ( ,bunk] ,hill 9 ! hi/ory ( adv]tis+4 ,! natural result is t its trade-m>k is enorm\sly valuable4 ,adv]tis+ capitalizes human fai?1 & fai? is a m5tal impression4 ,x is a quality ( ! human m9d t ! mo/ pr(\nd impressions are made by ?+s--n by ab/ract ideas4 ,consequ5tly1 successful adv]tis+ mu/ be ti$ h>d & fa/ to a "n 7or trade-m>k7 & ?is trade-m>k mu/ be di/9ctive1 & n easy to confuse ) some?+ else4 ,x mu/ be easy to rememb]1 & x mu/ id5tify ! adv]tis$ product4 ,! functions ( a trade-m>k 9 adv]tis+ may be concisely /at$ z foll[s3 #a/4 ,z a c]tificate ( g5u95ess ( ! product to :i* x is affix$4 ,?is protects ! public4 #bnd4 ,z an id5tify+ m>k1 own$ by ! manufactur]1 & 9 ! own]%ip ( :i* ! law protects him 9 ord] t no competitor may reap ! advantage ( ! sell+ ef=t & adv]tis+ put =? by ! own] ( ! trade-m>k4 ,?is protects ! manufactur]4 ,9 its legal aspect1 a trade-m>k is !re=e a device = protect+ bo? ! manufactur] & ! public f fraud4 ,9 ?is connection1 we quote ! legal def9ition ( a trade-m>k z giv5 by ! ,f$]al ,c\rt 9 ! case ( ,%aw ,/ock+ ,company vs4 ,mack3 ,broadly def9$1 a trade-m>k is a m>k by :i* ! w>es ( ! own] are kn[n 9 trade4 ,its object is tw(old2 fir/1 to protect ! p>ty us+ x f competition ) inf]ior articles2 & second1 to protect ! public f imposition4444 ,! trade-m>k br&s ! goods z g5u9e1 j z ! signature ( a lett] /amps x z au!ntic4 ,! law ( trade-m>k usage1 re9=c$ by a va/ array ( legal decisions1 is a gr[? ( ! la/ sixty ye>s4 ,:5 trade 0 re/rict$ )9 n>r[ geographical limits by =midable conditions2 :5 bo? goods & news travel$ sl[ly2 :5 sell+ ef=t 0 pr9cipally made by ^w ( m\?1 !re 0 no g5u9e ne$ 9 ! comm]cial _w = ! legal regulation ( trade-m>ks1 or = laws design$ to repress unfair trade4 ,9 ! days ( our =efa!rs manufactur]s made goods2 !y did n sell !m4 ,goods sold !mselves4 ,&1 consequ5tly1 ! exp&+ circle ( a manufactur]'s trade rippl$ out ) exce$+ sl[ness4 ,a national sale ( any product 0 ! result ( p]haps sev]al g5]ations ( sl[ly exp&+ ef=t--& :5 once e/abli%$1 x 0 g5]ally entr5*$ f> beyond ! rea* ( competitors or sub/itutes4 ,p liv$ simply1 & manufactur$ articles 7 few4 ,x is true t trade-m>ks exi/$ !n--z !y h s9ce ! beg9n+ ( organiz$ comm]ce--b !y 7 few 9 numb]1 comp>$ ) _! multiplicity to-day1 & _! own]s 7 adequately protect$ by _! ord9>y common law rights4 ,quickly mov+ transportation & highly develop$ me?ods ( di/ribution & sale h *ang$ ^! conditions4 ,to-day ! swift %uttle ( comm]ce flies to ! ends ( ! _w4 ,adv]tis+ has aris51 & has become1 9 a g5]ation1 ! mo/ important ( sell+ =ces4 ,p read & believe ! pr9t$ ^w1 & !y buy goods manufactur$ a ?\s& miles away by "s adv]tis] ( :om !y _h nev] he>d until !y read ( him & 8 w>es4 ,society has become intricate & complicat$4 ,?\s&s are /riv+ to d :at "o man /rove to d a hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,f ?is criss-cross ( human activities has be5 wov5 ! fabric ( ! law ( unfair trade1 :i* is ! prog5itor ( ! trade-m>k /atutes4 ,! int5t ( ?is body ( law is to give ! wide/ possible fre$om to ! play ( individual en]gy 9 bus9ess consi/5t ) ju/ice to o!rs 9 trade1 & to ! public4 ,! trade-m>k is ! connect+ l9k betwe5 ! manufactur] & ! ultimate consum]4 ,by ! use ( trade-m>ks1 widely adv]tis$1 manufactur]s are able to build up a trade t becomes1 to a great degree1 indep5d5t ( jobb]1 :olesal]1 & retail]4 ,9 ! public m9d a trade-m>k gr[s1 9 "t1 to mean a c]ta9 /&>d ( quality1 workman%ip & mat]ial4 ,adv]tis$ products are g5]ally high] 9 quality ?an simil> products t are n adv]tis$4 ,! reason is t an inve/m5t 9 en\gh adv]tis+ space to make any commodity kn[n nationally requires a consid]able outlay ( money1 besides a well-develop$ sell+ organization to cop]ate ) ! adv]tis+1 & h>ve/ its results4 ,& ?is mu/ be done cont9u\sly1 & t means t ! comb9$ adv]tis+ & sell+ ef=t mu/ be p]meat$ ) a s5se ( /ability & p]man5cy4 ,! manufactur] :o is inve/+ money 9 adv]tis+1 ye> aft] ye>1 feels t he has too mu* at /ake to endang] 8 possibilities by putt+ out inf]ior goods4 ,adv]tis+ is a sy/ematic me?od ( creat+ ,good ,reputation--b :5 ,reputation is only an empty =m ( words1 ) no?+ tangible beh9d x1 ! *ances ( its la/+ are r slight4 ,! manufactur] ( inf]ior goods is n look+ v f> into ! future4 ,he is n try+ to build p]man5tly on ! basis ( reputation1 b to squeeze out ,"r ,n[ e c5t ( possible pr(it4 ,! result ( ?is attitude ( m9d is t he does n adv]tise4 ,consequ5tly x is n surpris+ to f9d t ! be/ m]*&ise on any retail]'s %elves consi/s ( adv]tis$ goods1 & t1 moreov]1 conc]ns t adv]tise h ! mo/ effici5t sales organizations1 z well z ! mo/ enlight5$ relations ) retail]s & ! public4 ,! be/ trade-m>k ev] devis$ is n wor? a c5t until x has become kn[n z an id5tify+ m>k ( a commodity4 ,a trade-m>k has no inh]5t1 natural value4 ,:atev] x is wor? is ! result ( adv]tis+ 9 "s =m1 plus ! desirable qualities ( ! goods t x repres5ts4 99 99 99 99 99 ,"s trade-m>ks are words :i* h a natural aff9ity = ! language1 & !y slide into common spee* z easily z a cupful ( wat] melts into ! ocean4 ,a notable in/ance ( ?is is ,crack] ,jack4 ,?is ^w has become an integral "p ( our common language1 & is us$ to mean a hu/l]1 a ?+ ( excell5ce1 a fell[ :o gets !re1 a ma*9e t runs smoo?ly1 a well-play$ game1 & 9 o!r s5ses4 ,b x is probable t n "o p]son 9 a hundr$ :o uses ?is ^w kn[s t x is a regi/]$ trade-m>k1 & t x is a "n appli$ to a mixture ( popcorn & peanuts1 comb9$ ) molasses1 or "s o!r sweet5+4 ,x is a delici\s concoction1 z any read] ( ?is book may asc]ta9 = himself4 ,! own]s ( ,crack] ,jack h n adv]tis$4 ,!y h all[$ ! imm5se asset ( _! trade-m>k--a by-^w on ! tongues ( millions--to g to wa/e4 ,! ^w ,celluloid is protect$ by ! trade-m>k law4 ,! article celluloid c be manufactur$ by any "o :o c>es to g into ! bus9ess ( mak+ x1 b only ! own]s ( ! trade-m>k c call _! product celluloid4 ,?is is n g5]ally kn[n1 probably n ev5 by ! well-in=m$ class ( read]s among :om ?is book w circulate--a /ate ( public ignorance due to lack ( adv]tis+4 ,kodak1 an artificial ^w--a regi/]$ trade-m>k--widely adv]tis$1 has gr[n into common use1 & is n[ us$ by _m p]sons to mean a small h& cam]a ( any make1 ?\gh 7z e read] ( ?is book kn[s7 a real ,kodak is made only by ! ,ea/man ,company4 ,9 ?is case ! own]s ( ! trade-m>k h made _! adv]tis+ keep pace ) ! diffusion ( ! ^w4 ---------------------------------------- ----- ,,kodak ,is our ,regi/]$ & common-law ,trade-,m>k & _c be rightfully appli$ except to goods ( our manufacture4 ,if a deal] tries to sell y a cam]a or films1 or o!r goods n ( our manufacture1 "u ! ,kodak "n1 y c be sure t he has an inf]ior article t he is try+ to m>ket on ! ,kodak reputation4 ,if x isn't an ,ea/man1 x isn't a ,kodak4 ,,ea/man ,,kodak ,,co41 ,,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y41 ,! ,kodak ,city4 ---------------------------------------- ----- ,special adv]tis+ to c\nt]act ! indiscrim9ate use ( ! ^w ,kodak4 ,x is easi] to say ,kodak ?an x is to say portable cam]a4 ,!re is a real ne$ 9 ! language = su* a ^w1 & ,kodak has come to supply x4 ,trade-m>ks ( ?is "*1 :i* seem to supply a g5u9e l+ui/ic ne$1 are1 9 a s5se1 too good4 ,! indiscrim9ate application ( ,kodak to a c]ta9 class ( cam]as1 irrespective ( orig91 has caus$ ! ,ea/man ,kodak ,company to publi% _m adv]tisem5ts ) ! special purpose ( call+ att5tion to ! correct use ( ! ^w4 ,! ^w ,o',sullivan is ano!r in/ance ( a trade-"n acquir+ a second>y mean+ ?r\gh adv]tis+4 ,x in/antly br+s to m9d ! ?\ght ( rubb] heels4 ,9 a popul> play an actor says1 ,i got away f !re on my ,o',sullivan's & e "o 9 ! audi5ce kn[s t he means to say t he left z quietly z he c\ld4 99 99 99 99 99 ,!re comes a "t1 9 ! hi/ory ( e manufactur] :o adv]tises ext5sively & successfully = a long p]iod1 :5 8 trade-m>k1 & ! "n ( 8 product 79 _m cases !y are ! same71 become by-words ( common spee*1 kn[n to all m51 & incorporat$ into our fluid & ela/ic language4 ,:5 an adv]tis] rea*es ?is po9t1 he has g5]ally atta9$ ! highe/ possible adv]tis+ success4 ,9 o!r words1 adv]tis+ has done = him all x c d1 & he has only to keep ! /ream ( adv]tis+ go+ to hold :at he has4 ,,*apt] ,i ,a ,dige/ ( ! ,trade-,m>k ,law ,9 ,febru>y1 #aije1 ,congress pass$ an act entitl$ ,an act to au?orize ! regi/ration ( trade-m>ks us$ 9 comm]ce ) =eign nations or among ! sev]al /ates or ) ,indian tribes1 & to protect ! same4 ,?is act w5t into effect on ,april #a1 #aije4 ,) its am5dm5ts x is kn[n z ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,trade-,m>k ,law4 ,its provisions %\ld be kn[n by e manufactur] or adv]tis] :o is us+1 or :o int5ds to adopt1 a trade-m>k4 ,prop]ty 9 ,trade-,m>ks ,does ,n ,re/ ^u ! ,/atute1 ,b ^u ! ,common ,law4 ,x %\ld be /at$ "h t own]%ip 9 a trade-m>k is a prop]ty "r re/+ 9 ! common law4 ,?is "r is1 !re=e1 n a creation ( ! /atute4 ,! purpose ( ! /atute 7or ,act ( #aije7 is to sy/ematize ! regi/ration ( trade-m>ks1 & to provide a def9ite proc$ure bo? = record+ & protect+ !m4 ,a trade-m>k may be legally valid )\t hav+ be5 regi/]$1 & on ! o!r h&1 a regi/]$ m>k may be prov$ legally invalid4 ,regi/ration is prima facie evid5ce ( validity1 b x is n conclusive evid5ce4 ,^u ?is subject ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates has said1 ,! "r to adopt & use a symbol or device to di/+ui% ! goods or prop]ty made or sold by ! p]son ^: m>k x is1 to ! exclusion ( use by all o!r p]sons1 has be5 long recogniz$ by ! common law & ! *anc]y c\rts ( ,engl& & ( ?is c\ntry4 ,x is a prop]ty "r = ! violation ( :i* damages may be recov]$ 9 an action at law1 & ! cont9u$ violation ( x w be enjo9$ by a c\rt ( equity ) comp5sation = pa/ infr+em5ts4 ,?is exclusive "r 0 n creat$ by ! act ( ,congress & does n n[ dep5d ^u x = its en=cem5t4 ,! common law rights ( ! own] ( a trade-m>k are ! same n[ z !y 7 be=e ! passage ( ! act4 ,9 fact1 ! /atute itself conta9s ?is provision3 ,no?+ 9 ?is act %all prev5t1 less51 impea* or avoid any rem$y at law1 or 9 equity1 :i* any p>ty aggriev$ by any wrongful use ( any trade-m>k might h _h if ! provisions ( ?is act _h n be5 pass$4 7,section #bc ( ,act ( #aije47 ,! advantages ( regi/ration are readily app>5t1 h[ev]4 ,9 an action at law aga9/ infr+em5t1 ! own] ( a regi/]$ trade-m>k c produce at once ! record ( its adoption & legal regi/ration4 ,)\t regi/ration1 x w\ld be necess>y = him to g ?r\gh an involv$ legal process to prove 8 rights 9 ! matt]4 ,regi/ration 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice br+s any litigation involv+ ! "r to use ! trade-m>k )9 ! scope ( ! ,f$]al c\rt1 ) a judici>y tra9$ 9 su* cases4 ,:5 a trade-m>k is n regi/]$ "u ! ,f$]al law a suit p]ta9+ to x _c be he>d 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates c\rts1 unless ! am\nt 9 dispute exce$s two ?\s& doll>s1 & ! p>ties on ! oppos+ sides are n citiz5s ( ! same /ate4 ,"u ! ,act ( #aije ab\t #ci1jjj trade-m>ks _h be5 regi/]$1 up to ,septemb] #a1 #aiaa4 ,conditions ( ,regi/ration ,an individual or a corporation has a "r to regi/] a trade-m>k "u ! ,unit$ ,/ates law if ! trade-m>k = :i* regi/ration is s\ght belongs to ! applicant & is us$ by him3-- #a/4 ,9 comm]ce among ! sev]al /ates2 #bnd4 ,or1 9 comm]ce ) =eign nations2 #crd4 ,or1 9 comm]ce ) ! ,indian tribes2 ,provid$ ! own] ( ! trade-m>k resides )9 ! t]ritory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7:i* includes all t]ritory "u ,unit$ ,/ates control71 or has a manufactur+ e/abli%m5t situat$ 9 ,unit$ ,/ates t]ritory1 or resides 9 any =eign c\ntry :i* af=ds1 by treaty1 simil> privileges to citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! law /ates1 z a condition ( validity1 9 explicit t]ms t ! trade-m>k mu/ n only belong to ! applicant1 b mu/ be us$ by him4 ,a trade-m>k _c be regi/]$ until x has actually be5 us$ on goods1 & ! use mu/ be cont9u$ long en\gh1 & mu/ be ( su* a nature z to indicate a g5u9e int5tion on ! "p ( ! own] to adopt ! trade-m>k z a p]man5t accessory ( 8 bus9ess4 ,! reason = ?is is evid5t4 ,if any citiz5 c\ld appropriate & seque/] a trade-m>k by pay+ ! regi/ration fee ( t5 doll>s1 )\t an int5tion ( us+ x = its legitimate purpose1 x does n take mu* imag9ation to =esee a ,trade-,m>k ,tru/1 ) mo/ ( ! desirable trade-m>ks 9 ! h&s ( a monopoly1 to be f>m$ out at a pr(it4 ,to be ,regi/rable ,a ,trade-,m>k ,mu/ ,be3 #a/4 ,an arbitr>y symbol1 or ^w1 or words1 or a comb9ation ( a device & word+1 n obvi\sly descriptive ( ! commodity to :i* x is to be appli$4 #bnd4 ,unlike any o!r trade-m>k1 already 9 use1 & appli$ to ! same class ( goods4 ,x mu/ n resemble ! trade-m>k ( a competitor1 or ( a pot5tial competitor1 to su* an ext5t t ! buy+ public is likely to be deceiv$ or confus$ by ! resemblance4 #crd4 ,us$ 9 lawful trade4 #d?4 ,( su* a "* t x may be affix$1 pr9t$ ^u1 wov51 sew$1 br&$ or o!rwise impress$ ^u ! product ) :i* x is us$1 or ^u ! package or conta9] ( ! product4 ,a ,trade-,m>k ,mu/ ,n ,be3 #a/4 ,a portrait ( a liv+ individual unless ! application = regi/ration is accompani$ by ! writt5 cons5t ( ! individual ^: portrait is us$4 #bnd4 ,sc&al\s or immoral matt] ( any description4 #crd4 ,! flag or coat ( arms ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or ( any /ate1 or ( any municipality1 or any ( ! insignia !re(4 #d?4 ,! insignia ( ! ,am]ican ,national ,r$ ,cross ,society4 #e?4 ,! flag or coat ( arms ( any =eign nation4 #f?4 ,any design or picture :i* has be5 adopt$ by a frat]nal society z its emblem4 #g?4 ,a design or word+ id5tical ) a regi/]$ or kn[n trade-m>k own$ & 9 use by ano!r1 & appropriat$ to m]*&ise ( ! same descriptive qualities1 or :i* s ne>ly resembles a regi/]$ or kn[n trade-m>k own$ & us$ by ano!r1 & appropriat$ to m]*&ise ( ! same descriptive qualities1 z to be likely to cause confusion or mi/ake 9 ! m9d ( ! public1 or to deceive pur*as]s4 #h?4 ,any m>k :i* consi/s m]ely 9 ! "n ( an individual1 firm1 corporation1 or association1 unless said "n is writt51 pr9t$1 impress$ or wov5 9 "s p>ticul> or di/9ctive mann]1 or is us$ 9 connection ) a portrait ( ! individual4 #i?4 ,any arrangem5t ( words or devices descriptive ( ! goods ) :i* !y are us$1 or ( ! "* or quality ( su* goods4 ,9 o!r words1 a trade-m>k mu/ n be an adv]tisem5t 9 ! ord9>y s5se ( ! ^w4 #aj?4 ,any geographical "n or t]m4 #aa?4 ,a misrepres5tation ( ! quality1 composition1 "*1 orig91 or nature ( ! commodity ) :i* x is us$4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,illu/ration ,jobb] ,retail] ,manufactur] ,trade-,m>k ,consum] ,adv]tis+ ,?is looks l a problem 9 geometry1 b x isn't4 ,?is diagram %[s at a glance h[ ,trade-,m>k ,adv]tis+ draws a /raight l9e betwe5 ! manufactur] & ! consum]4 ,! manufactur] :o doesn't adv]tise has to dep5d on ! jobb] & ! retail]4 ,9 ! majority ( cases 8 "n nev] rea*es ! consum]4 ,8 trade is necess>ily prec>i\s1 & he is con/antly 9 dang] ( ! k9d ( cut-?roat competition t %aves ! l[e/ m>g9 ( pr(it to no?+4 ,b ! manufactur] :o adv]tises has 8 "n & ! "n ( 8 goods on ! lips ( millions ( p4 ,! retail] :o attempts to keep adv]tis$ goods f sell+ is l ! man :o cuts (f 8 nose to spite 8 face4 ,p w g else:]e & get :at !y want4 ,we w\ld l to talk ) y ab\t adv]tis+4 ,among our cli5ts are "s ( ! l>ge/ & mo/ successful adv]tis]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x w co/ no?+ to h a talk ) u--& we may be able to sugge/ an idea or plan t w simplify y\r sales problem4 ,j4 ,,walt] ,,?ompson ,,company ,new ,york3 #dd ,ea/ #bcrd ,/reet ,bo/on3 #bja ,devon%ire ,/reet ,c9c9nati3 ,fir/ ,national ,bank ,bldg4 ,/4 ,l\is3 ,odd ,fell[s ,bldg4 ,*icago3 ,! ,rook]y ,clevel&3 ,swetl& ,bldg4 ,detroit3 ,truss$ ,concrete ,bldg4 ,toronto3 ,lumsd5 ,bldg4 ,london3 #cc ,b$=d ,/41 ,/r& ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,a special provision ( ! ,act ( #aije legaliz$ all trade-m>ks t _h be5 9 exclusive use by ! applicant = t5 ye>s prior to ! passage ( ! act1 & ?is provision applies ev5 to trade-m>ks ( t5 ye>s' /&+ t1 because ( _! "*1 c\ld n be regi/]$ "u ! act4 ,! language ( ! act deal+ ) ?is subject is z foll[s3 ,no?+ h]e9 79 ! ,act ( #aije7 %all prev5t ! regi/ration ( any m>k us$ by ! applicant or 8 pr$ecessors1 or by ^? f :om title to ! trade-m>k is d]iv$1 9 comm]ce ) =eign nations or among ! sev]al /ates1 or ) ,indian tribes1 :i* 0 9 actual & exclusive use z a trade-m>k ( ! applicant or 8 pr$ecessors f :om he d]iv$ title = t5 ye>s next prec$+ ! passage ( ?is act4 7,section #e1 ,act ( #aije47 ,illu/ration3 ,r$ ,cross ,%oe ,x ,b5ds ) y\r ,foot4 ,! trade-m>ks ( ! ,r$ ,cross ,%oe are ! ,r$ ,cross %[n bel[ & ! design %[n above4 ,,krohn ,,fe*heim] ,,co4 ,,c9ti4 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,!re are _m trade-m>ks regi/]$ "u ?is t5 ye>s' clause4 ,manufactur]s are prohibit$ f us+ ! insignia ( ! ,r$ ,cross ,society z a trade-m>k1 b !re is a ,r$ ,cross ,%oe1 & ! products ( ! well-kn[n druggi/s' specialty h\se ( ,johnson ,johnson be> a ,r$ ,cross symbol4 ,9 bo? cases1 _! "r is bas$ on long & cont9u\s use ant$at+ ! act ( #aije1 :i* especially exempts su* cases4 ,h[ to ,apply = ,regi/ration ,! regi/ration ( trade-m>ks is "u ! sup]vision ( ! ,commission] ( ,pat5ts1 & regul> =ms = regi/ration are prescrib$4 ,copies ( ^! =ms may be obta9$ by apply+ to ! ,pat5t ,(fice4 ,9 apply+ = trade-m>k regi/ration1 ! foll[+ provisions ( ! law mu/ be obs]v$3 #a/4 ,! applicant mu/ file a ,petition 9 ! ,pat5t ,(fice1 address$ to ! ,commission] ( ,pat5ts4 ,?is petition mu/ be 9 regul> =m1 & %\ld be sign$ & dat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,b4,v4,d4 ,a valuable & widely adv]tis$ trade-m>k4 ,c y guess :at ! ?ree lett]s mean8 ,illu/ration3 ,,trade ,,m>k4 ,,cresc5t ,,gold ,,fill$4 ,a trade-m>k ( ! ,key/one ,wat* ,case ,co4 #bnd4 ,) ! petition a ,/atem5t mu/ be =w>d$4 ,?is docum5t mu/ give ! "n1 domicile1 location & citiz5%ip ( ! applicant2 ! class ( m]*&ise & ! p>ticul> description ( goods compris$ 9 su* class to :i* ! trade-m>k is appropriat$2 a /atem5t ( ! mode 9 :i* ! trade-m>k is to be affix$ to ! goods2 & ! l5g? ( "t dur+ :i* ! trade-m>k has be5 us$4 ,x is n necess>y to give a writt5 description ( ! trade-m>k itself except :5 x conta9s colors n %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,?is /atem5t mu/ be sign$ by ! applicant4 ,:]e a corporation is ! applicant1 ! secret>y %\ld sign ! /atem5t4 ,:5 a p>tn]%ip is ! applicant1 any p>tn] c sign1 b ! names ( all ! memb]s ( ! firm mu/ be giv54 ,illu/ration3 ,,*iffonette ,,veil9ette ,,mal9ette ,trade-m>ks appli$ to fabrics & regi/]$ by ,!o4 ,ti$emann ,co4 #crd4 ,!re %\ld also be =w>d$ to ! ,pat5t ,(fice1 at ! same "t1 a ,decl>ation ( ! applicant1 sworn to be=e a not>y public1 to ! effect t he believes ! /atem5ts made 9 8 application are true2 t he believes himself to be ! own] ( ! trade-m>k s\ght to be regi/]$2 & t said trade-m>k is us$ by him 9 comm]ce among ! sev]al /ates ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ) ! ,indian tribes1 or ) =eign nations2 & t ! draw+ s5t ) ! application truly repres5ts ! trade-m>k s\ght to be regi/]$4 #d4 ,) ?is application !re mu/ be fil$ a ,draw+ ( ! trade-m>k1 made accord+ to ! foll[+ specifications3 ,! size ( ! %eet on :i* ! draw+ is made mu/ be exactly #aj x #ae in*es1 & ! %eet mu/ be ( pure :ite pap]1 correspond+ 9 ?ickness to two-%eet ,bri/ol bo>d4 ,! surface ( ! pap] mu/ be cal5d]$ & smoo?4 ,india ink mu/ be us$4 ,"o in* f its edges a s+le m>g9al l9e mu/ be drawn1 z %[n 9 ! accompany+ cut1 leav+ ! dim5sions inside ! bord] exactly #h x #ac in*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,! di/9ctive & eye-cat*+ trade-m>k ( #bj-,mule ,team ,borax4 ,)9 ?is bord]1 ! draw+ & signatures mu/ be includ$4 ,"o ( ! %ort] sides ( ! %eet is reg>d$ z its top1 & measur+ d[nw>dly f ! m>g9al l9e1 a space ( n less ?an #a-a_/d in*es is to be left blank = ! head+ ( title1 "n1 numb] & date4 ,all draw+ mu/ be made ) ! p5 only4 ,e l9e & lett]1 includ+ signatures1 mu/ be absolutely black4 ,! "n ( ! proprietor ( ! trade-m>k1 sign$ by himself1 or 8 attorney ( record1 mu/ be plac$ at ! l[] "r-h& corn] ( ! %eet )9 ! m>g9al l9es4 ,illu/ration3 ,! size ( ! %eet mu/ be exactly #aj x #ae in*es4 -------------------------------------- ,t h i s s p a c e m u s ,victor t b e t h i r t e e n i n c ,proprietor4 h e ,by4 s 4 ,attorney4 -------------------------------------- --,?is space mu/ be eight in*es4-- ,a ,diagram ,%[+ ,me?od ( ,mak+ ,draw+ ,! draw+ t accompanies an application = regi/ration ( a trade-m>k mu/ be made exactly on ?is patt]n4 ,x is ess5tial t ^! directions be foll[$4 ,illu/ration3 ,onoto ,co9$ ^w us$ z ! "n ( a f\nta9 p54 ,illu/ration3 ,/ork ,baby ,,trade ,,%oes ,,m>k ,! /ork is ! appropriate & sugge/ive trade-m>k ( ! ,/ork ,co4 manufactur]s ( baby ?+s4 #e?4 ,) ! application five ,specim5s1 or facsimiles1 ( ! trade-m>k z actually us$ ^u ! goods1 mu/ be s5t to ! ,commission] ( ,pat5ts4 #f?4 ,! ,fee = regi/]+ a trade-m>k is t5 doll>s1 & ?is am\nt %\ld be s5t ) ! application4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trade ,,m>k ,tape/ry ,brick ,,regi/]$ ,,9 ,u4 ,s4 ,,pat5t ,,(fice ,trade-m>k m\ld$ into ! rev]se side ( e ,tape/ry ,brick4 ,! =ego+ is a brief resum ( ! rules = regi/ration4 ,^? int5d+ to regi/] trade-m>ks %\ld obta9 exact =ms f ! ,commission] ( ,pat5ts4 ,a c]tificate ( regi/ration rema9s 9 =ce = tw5ty ye>s1 & x may be r5ew$ f "t to "t1 ^u expiration1 = l p]iods ( tw5ty ye>s1 ^u paym5t ( a r5ewal fee ( t5 doll>s4 ,! own] ( a trade-m>k may prosecute 8 own application = regi/ration1 b he is advis$1 unless famili> ) su* matt]s1 to employ a compet5t attorney4 ,a regi/] ( attorneys is kept 9 ! ,pat5t ,(fice1 on :i* is ent]$ ! names ( all p]sons entitl$ to repres5t applicants be=e ! ,pat5t ,(fice 9 ! prosecution ( applications = pat5ts1 & any regi/]$ attorney w be recogniz$ 9 ! prosecution ( applications = regi/ration ( trade-m>ks4 ,proc$ure ( ! ,pat5t ,(fice ,! exam9] 9 *>ge ( trade-m>ks exam9es all applications = regi/ration4 ,if1 aft] exam9ation1 regi/ration is refus$1 ! applicant w be notifi$1 & ! reasons = refusal /at$1 9 ord] t ! applicant may judge ( ! propriety ( prosecut+ 8 application fur!r4 ,if1 on exam9ation ( an application1 x appe>s t a trade-m>k is entitl$ to regi/ration1 ! m>k w be publi%$ at lea/ once 9 ! ,(ficial ,gazette ( ! ,pat5t ,(fice4 ,su* publication %all be at lea/ ?irty days prior to ! date ( regi/ration4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sw ,,cov] ,,! ,,e>? ,a ,%]w9-,williams adv]tis+ symbol4 ,if no notice ( opposition be fil$ )9 ?irty days aft] su* publication1 ! applicant or 8 attorney w be notifi$ ( ! all[ance ( 8 application1 & a c]tificate ( regi/ration w be grant$4 ,"u c]ta9 conditions am5dm5ts may be made 9 an application4 ,e applicant ^: m>k has be5 twice refus$ regi/ration by ! ,exam9] ( ,trade-m>ks = ! same reasons ^u gr\nds involv+ ! m]its ( ! application1 may appeal to ! ,commission]1 9 p]son1 ^u a paym5t ( a fee ( fifte5 doll>s4 ,f an adv]se decision by ! ,commission] ( ,pat5ts an appeal may be tak5 to ! ,c\rt ( ,appeals ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trade ,,m>k ,,reg4 ,u4 ,s4 ,,pat4 ,,(f4 ,! well-kn[n trade-m>k ( ! ,national ,lead ,company4 ,if1 ^u exam9ation ( an application to regi/] a trade-m>k1 ! exam9] 9 *>ge f9ds t ! m>k = :i* regi/ration is s\ght is id5tical )1 or ess5tially simil> to1 a trade-m>k appropriat$ to goods ( ! same descriptive qualities1 = :i* a c]tificate ( regi/ration has be5 already issu$1 an int]f]5ce w be decl>$4 ,:5 an int]f]5ce is decl>$1 ! matt] 9 dispute is ref]r$ to ! ,commission] ( ,pat5ts1 :o1 "u ! rules ( ! ,pat5t ,(fice1 passes judgm5t ^u ! po9ts at issue4 ,any p]son :o believes he w\ld be damag$ by ! regi/ration ( a m>k may oppose ! same by fil+ a writt5 notice ( opposition1 /at+ ! gr\nds !re=1 )9 ?irty days aft] ! publication ( ! m>k s\ght to be regi/]$1 :i* notice ( opposition %all be accompani$ by ! fee requir$ by law 7#aj4jj7 & %all be v]ifi$ by ! p]son fil+ ! same be=e "o ( ! (fic]s m5tion$ 9 ,section #b ( ! ,act ( ,febru>y #bj1 #aije4a ,an opposition may be fil$ by a duly au?oriz$ attorney1 b su* opposition %all be null & void unless duly v]ifi$ by ! oppos]1 )9 a reasonable "t aft] su* fil+4 ,a duplicate copy ( ! notice ( opposition mu/ be fil$1 ei!r ) ! notice ( opposition or )9 a reasonable "t aft] ! fil+ ( ! same4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trade ,e4,w4 ,,m>k ,all m51 & "s wom51 "k :at ?is /&s =4 ,any p]son1 deem+ himself to be injur$ by ! regi/ration ( a trade-m>k 9 ! ,pat5t ,(fice1 may1 at any "t1 make application to ! ,commission] to cancel ! regi/ration !re(4 ,su* application %all be fil$ 9 duplicate1 %all /ate ! gr\nds = cancelation1 & %all be v]ifi$ by ! p]son fil+ ! same1 be=e "o ( ! (fic]s m5tion$ 9 ,section #b ( ! ,act ( ,febru>y #bj1 #aije4 ,if x %all appe>1 aft] a he>+ be=e ! exam9] ( int]f]5ces1 t ! regi/rant 0 n entitl$ to ! use ( ! m>k at ! date ( 8 application = regi/ration !re(1 or t ! m>k is n us$ by ! regi/rant1 or has be5 ab&on$1 & ! exam9] 9 *>ge ( int]f]5ces %all s decide1 ! ,commission] %all cancel ! regi/ration ( ! m>k1 unless appeal be tak5 )9 ! limit fix$4 ,illu/ration3 ,f ,a ,,trade ,,m>k ,a weak & unimpressive trade-m>k4 ,9 cases ( opposition1 & ( applications = cancelation1 ! exam9] 9 *>ge ( trade-m>ks %all =w>d ! files & pap]s to ! exam9] 9 *>ge ( int]f]5ces1 :o %all give notice !re( to ! applicant or regi/rant4 ,! applicant or regi/rant mu/ make answ] at su* "t1 n less ?an ?irty days f ! day ( ! notice1 z %all be fix$ by ! exam9] 9 *>ge ( int]f]5ces4 ,! law directs t ! own] ( a regi/]$ trade-m>k pr9t1 or impress1 or affix1 9 legible lett]s1 ! words3 ,regi/]$ 9 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat5t ,(fice or ,reg4 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ^u su* trade-m>k :]ev] x is us$1 or suffici5tly ne> x to be disc]n$ :5ev] ! trade-m>k is se54 ,! mann] 9 :i* ?is %\ld be done is %[n 9 connection ) ! ,f9e-,=m ,mat]nity ,skirt trade-m>k on ?is page4 ,:51 f ! "* or size ( ! trade-m>k1 or f its mann] ( atta*m5t to ! article1 ?is _c be done1 a label conta9+ a l notice %\ld be affix$ to ! package or receptacle :]e9 ! article is enclos$4 ,illu/ration3 ,f9e-,=m ,,trade ,,m>k ,,mat]nity ,,skirt ,regi/]$ 9 ,,u ,pat ,(fice ,%[s me?od ( exhibit+ regi/ry notice 9 connection ) a trade-m>k4 ,x is important t ?is be done1 o!rwise1 9 a suit = infr+em5t by a p>ty :o has fail$ to give su* notice ( regi/ration no damages %all be recov]$1 except on pro( t ! def5dant 0 duly notifi$ ( infr+em5t1 & cont9u$ ! same aft] su* notice4 ,regi/ration 9 ,=eign ,c\ntries ,am]ican own]s ( trade-m>ks :o expect to d bus9ess 9 =eign c\ntries %\ld n neglect ! regi/ration ( _! trade-m>ks abroad4 ,a failure to obs]ve ?is precaution has l$1 9 "s cases1 to a situation :]e ! ,am]ican own]1 ent]+ ! =eign field1 f\nd 8 trade-m>k already appropriat$4 ,! trade-m>k laws ( v>i\s =eign c\ntries diff] greatly1 9 "s in/ances1 f ! ,unit$ ,/ates law4 ,a manufactur] :o desires to d bus9ess 9 a =eign c\ntry %\ld consult a trade-m>k attorney :o specializes 9 =eign trade-m>k regi/ration & protection1 & be guid$ by 8 advice4 ,classification ( ,m]*&ise ,! "r to use a trade-m>k is limit$ to ! class ( m]*&ise = :i* x is regi/]$1 & to ! goods1 fall+ )9 t class1 on :i* x has be5 actually us$4 ,= ! purpose ( classification ! ,pat5t ,(fice has issu$ a li/ ( =ty-n9e g5]al classes ( m]*&ise4 ,an applicant = ! regi/ration ( a trade-m>k mu/ specify ! class ( m]*&ise ) :i* 8 m>k has be5 us$1 & mu/ describe ! p>ticul> goods 9 t class on :i* x has be5 us$4 ,9 case 8 application is grant$1 8 "r to use ! trade-m>k is conf9$ to ! l9e ( products nam$ 9 8 application4 ,! li/ foll[s3 #a4 ,raw or p>tly prep>$ mat]ials4 #b4 ,receptacles4 #c4 ,baggage1 horse equipm5ts1 portfolios1 & pocket-books4 #d4 ,abrasive1 det]g5t1 & poli%+ mat]ials4 #e4 ,adhesives4 #f4 ,*emicals1 m$ic9es1 & ph>maceutical prep>ations4 #g4 ,cordage4 #h4 ,smok]s' articles1 n includ+ tobacco products4 #i4 ,explosives1 fire>ms1 equipm5ts1 & projectiles4 #aj4 ,f]tiliz]s4 #aa4 ,inks & ink+ mat]ials4 #ab4 ,con/ruction mat]ials4 #ac4 ,h>dw>e & plumb+ & /eam-fitt+ supplies4 #ad4 ,metals & metal ca/+s & =g+s4 #ae4 ,oils & greases4 #af4 ,pa9ts & pa9t]s' mat]ials4 #ag4 ,tobacco products4 #ai4 ,vehicles1 n includ+ eng9es4 #bj4 ,l9oleum & oil$ clo?4 #ba4 ,electrical app>atus1 ma*9es1 & supplies4 #bb4 ,games1 toys1 & sport+ goods4 #bc4 ,cutl]y1 ma*9]y1 & tools1 & p>ts !re(4 #bd4 ,laundry appliances & ma*9es4 #be4 ,locks & safes4 #bf4 ,measur+ & sci5tific appliances4 #bg4 ,horological in/rum5ts4 #bh4 ,jewelry & preci\s-metal w>e4 #bi4 ,brooms1 bru%es1 & du/]s4 #cj4 ,crock]y1 e>!nw>e1 & porcela94 #ca4 ,filt]s & refrig]ators4 #cb4 ,furniture & uphol/]y4 #cc4 ,glassw>e4 #cd4 ,heat+1 light+1 & v5tilat+ app>atus1 n includ+ electrical app>atus4 #ce4 ,belt+1 hose1 ma*9]y pack+1 & non-metallic tires4 #cf4 ,musical in/rum5ts & supplies4 #cg4 ,pap] & /ation]y4 #ch4 ,pr9ts & publications4 #ci4 ,clo?+4 #dj4 ,fancy goods1 furni%+s1 & notions4 #da4 ,canes1 p>asols1 & umbrellas4 #db4 ,knitt$1 nett$1 & textile fabrics4 #dc4 ,?read & y>n4 #dd4 ,d5tal1 m$ical1 & surgical appliances4 #de4 ,bev]ages1 non-alcoholic4 #df4 ,foods & +r$i5ts ( foods4 #dg4 ,w9es4 #dh4 ,malt extracts & liquors4 #di4 ,di/ill$ alcoholic liquors4 #ej4 ,m]*&ise n o!rwise classifi$4 7,note3 ,class #ah 0 aboli%$ ,feb4 #bd1 #aiji47 ,z a result ( ?is feature ( ! law products 9 v>i\s non-competitive l9es sometimes be> ! same names4 ,!re is1 = example1 a ,yale#b lock & a ,yale motorcycle1 an ,ideal hairbru% & an ,ideal f\nta9 p51 a ,pack>d piano & a ,pack>d automobile1 a ,skidoo soap & a ,skidoo ,m>9e eng9e4 ,/ate ,trade-,m>k ,laws ,mo/ /ates h "s k9d ( a trade-m>k law1 _m ( !m good ones1 & ab\t a doz5 h /rong p5al codes cov]+ ! subject1 "u ! t]m ( c\nt]feit+1 :ile o!rs are able to d :at ! ,unit$ ,/ates c\rts _c d--actually mete out imprisonm5t to ^? :o infr+e4 ,p5nsylvania's law 9 ?is respect is p>ticul>ly ?or\gh4 ,! ,f$]al /atutes conc]n+ trade-m>ks apply to ! entire c\ntry4 ,few l>ge conc]ns do+ a national bus9ess regi/] 9 ! /ates4 ,mo/ ( !m g to ! ,pat5t ,(fice & secure national regi/ration4 ,!re is no?+ 9 any ( ! /ate laws :i* make x saf] to regi/] by /ates1 s9ce ,cali=nia's obnoxi\s law has be5 repeal$1 b 9 "s cases1 :]e p]si/5t infr+]s are at "w1 own]s ( trade-m>ks secure /ate regi/ration z an extra precaution4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,! v]ification requir$ by ?is section may be made be=e any p]son )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates au?oriz$ by law to adm9i/] oa?s1 or :5 ! applicant resides 9 a =eign c\ntry1 be=e any m9i/]1 *>g d'affaires1 consul1 or comm]cial ag5t hold+ commission "u ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or be=e any not>y public1 judge1 or magi/rate hav+ an (ficial seal & au?oriz$ to adm9i/] oa?s 9 ! =eign c\ntry 9 :i* ! applicant may be1 ^: au?ority %all be prov$ by a c]tificate ( a diplomatic or consul> (fic] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4--7,extract f ,section #b1 ,act ( #aije47 #b ,! "n ,yale1 or any simil> "n1 c be regi/]$ z a trade-m>k only :5 ! applicant c take advantage ( ! t5 ye>s' clause4 ,! ^w ,yale z appli$ to hosi]y has be5 refus$ regi/ration on ! gr\nd t x is a geographical t]m4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,ess5tials ( a ,valid ,trade-,m>k ,to a layman ! trade-m>k law seems1 at fir/ consid]ation1 to be a cry/alliz$ sy/em ( arbitr>y rules )\t a fundam5tal und]ly+ pr9ciple4 ,a /udy ( its application w %[ t ?is is a mi/ak5 view ( ! case4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! law is excell5tly fram$1 & is bas$ on a broad pr9ciple :i* draws a j l9e ( cleavage betwe5 ! rights ( an individual & 8 encroa*m5t ^u ! rights ( o!rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trade ,,m>k ,?omas ,a ,edison ,an illu/ri\s & valuable trade-m>k4 ,9 ! practical work+s ( a law :i* deals ) comm]cial activities 9 _! mo/ highly develop$ phase1 9 a sph]e :]e ! +5uity ( m5 is on f]tile gr\nd1 9 cases :]e ! weight ( a hair w\ld make ! diff]5ce betwe5 yea & nay1 x is inevitable t _m f9e di/9ctions mu/ be drawn4 ,! c\rts1 by contradictory decisions1 h "h & !re br\ght confusion into ! practice ( ! ,pat5t ,(fice1 z appli$ to trade-m>k proc$ure1 b1 on ! :ole1 ! judicial int]pretation ( ! law has be5 fairly uni=m & consi/5t4 ,x %\ld be m5tion$ "h1 = ! read]'s in=mation1 t ! attitude ( ! ,pat5t ,(fice t[>d applications = ! regi/ration ( trade-m>ks has be5 criticiz$1 on v>i\s occasions1 by "s ( ^? :o h _h deal+s ) x4 ,its rul+s h be5 *>act]iz$ z n>r[ & illib]al1 especially 9 ! matt] ( trade-m>ks alleg$ to be descriptive 9 _! nature4 ,9 ! prec$+ *apt] we laid d[n briefly ! requisites ( a valid trade-m>k4 ,we %all n[ discuss ^! requirem5ts m fully1 us+ specific & g5]ally well-kn[n examples ( trade-m>ks to illu/rate our mean+4 ,a ,portrait ( a ,liv+ ,individual ,_c be ,regi/]$ z a ,trade-,m>k ,unless by ,cons5t ( ! ,individual ,^: ,portrait is ,us$1 or1 if a ,m9or1 by ,cons5t ( 8 ,legal ,gu>dian ,?is section ( ! law is bas$ on ! recogniz$ "r ( any p]son to prohibit ! unau?oriz$ reproduction ( 8 portrait = any adv]tis+ purpose4 ,9 "s ( ! /ates--,new ,york1 = example--!re are /ate laws specifically =bidd+ su* unau?oriz$ reproduction4 ,illu/ration3 ,regi/]$ z a trade-m>k by ! ,saturday ,ev5+ ,po/4 ,:ile ! law prohibits ! regi/ration ( a liv+ individual's portrait z a trade-m>k1 )\t t p]son's cons5t1 x is all[able to use ! portrait ( a hi/orical "*4 ,! trade-m>k ( ! ,rob]t ,burns ,cig> is a picture ( ! poet ,burns1 ) 8 facsimile signature4 ,pictures ( ,frankl91 ,napoleon1 ,h5ry ,clay1 ,bism>ck1 & _m o!r fam\s m5 are us$ z trade-m>ks4 ,a c]eal rec5tly plac$ on ! m>ket "u ! "n ( ,wa%+ton ,crisps c>ries ,george ,wa%+ton's portrait on ! package4 ,b5jam9 ,frankl9's face is regi/]$ z a trade-m>k by ! ,curtis ,publi%+ ,company1 & is pr9t$ 9 ?is connection on ! editorial page ( ! ,saturday ,ev5+ ,po/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m5n5',s ,,borat$ ,,talcum ,,trade ,,m>k ,?is face has be5 pr9t$ m times ?an any o!r portrait ev] us$ 9 adv]tis+4 ,a celebrat$ in/ance ( a face us$ z a trade-m>k is %[n 9 ! picture ( ,g]h>d ,m5n5 on ?is page4 ,m5n5's ,talcum ,p[d] 0 produc$ by ,g]h>d ,m5n51 :o _h 8 own picture put on ea* package z an id5tification to ! pur*as]4 ,aft] ye>s ( use1 8 portrait 0 =mally regi/]$ 9 ! ,pat5t ,(fice4 ,ano!r fam\s face is t ( ,w4 ,l4 ,d\glas1 %oe manufactur] & ,ex-,gov]nor ( ,massa*usetts4 ,a v effective trade-m>k is a comb9ation ( ,?omas ,a4 ,edison's portrait & signature1 us$ ) ! ,edison ,phonograph4 ,edison is kn[n by reputation to e ,am]ican1 & 8 picture & signature us$ 9 connection ) a me*anical device1 give x ! /amp ( high excell5ce4 ,imag9e h[ mu* m difficult ! sell+ ef=t ( ! ,edison ,phonograph ,company w\ld h be5 if !y _h call$ _! in/rum5t ,! ,voltex ,phonograph1 = example1 or "s simil> "n4 ,ev]ybody has se5 ! ,woodbury face1 :i* is id5tifi$ ) ,woodbury's ,facial ,soap1 & o!r prep>ations ( ! ,&rew ,j]g5s ,company ( ,c9c9nati4 ,?is is a v valuable trade-m>k1 on acc\nt ( ! ext5sive adv]tis+1 runn+ ?r\gh _m ye>s1 t has be5 giv5 x4 ,"o ( ! /rik+ features ( ?is trade-m>k is t ! head seems to be neatly decapitat$ j "u ! *94 ,?is odd appe>ance makes ! memory ( ?is picture /ick 9 ! read]'s m9d long] ?an any ord9>y portrayal ( a human face4 ,a ,valid ,trade-,m>k ,_c ,be any ,arrangem5t ( ,words or ,devices ,descriptive ( ! ,goods ) :i* ,!y are ,us$1 or ( ! ,"* or ,quality ( ! ,goods ,! int5t ( ! law "h is to prev5t ! individual appropriation ( g5]al t]ms descriptive ( a class ( goods4 ,if x 7 all[able to regi/] & protect su* phrases z ,! ,be/ ,soap 9 ! ,_w1 appli$ to a c]ta9 br& ( soap1 = in/ance1 x is easy to see t all desirable sup]latives & descriptive words w\ld soon be appropriat$1 to ! detrim5t ( o!r conc]ns 9 ! same l9e ( trade4 ,!re=e1 ! law makes /rict provision t a trade-m>k %all n be descriptive 9 any s5se4 ,?\gh ?is is ! int5t ( ! law1 9 its work+ out ! l9e seems to be f9ely drawn 9 "s cases4 ,royal has be5 held to be a valid trade-m>k = a bak+ p[d] on ! gr\nd t x has be5 long us$ z ! "n ( ! total output ( a factory1 & t x has become to ! public m9d a designation ( orig94 ,x seems difficult = a layman to reconcile ?is decision ) t ( ano!r c\rt1 :i* held t ,royal is n a valid trade-m>k = fl\r1 z x indicates quality & is incapable ( exclusive appropriation4 ,! ^w ,ideal is held to be a valid trade-m>k = a f\nta9 p51 its use 9 ?is connection be+ fanciful & n descriptive4 ,! ^w ,naph?a1 us$ z a "n = a soap ) naph?a z an +r$i5t1 0 held to be descriptive1 & !re=e n regi/rable z a trade-m>k1 to ! exclusion ( ! goods ( o!r manufactur]s1 al?\gh ! own]s1 ,fels ,company1 ( ,philadelphia1 _h adv]tis$ x ext5sively ?r\gh\t a consid]able p]iod ( "t4 ,fitmeeasy1 z appli$ to corsets1 0 consid]$ descriptive4 ,mal?a 0 refus$ regi/ration = a br& ( pav+ asphalt4 ,x appe>s t ,mal?a means liquid asphalt & is 9 g5]al use 9 ! trade ) t mean+4 ,ela/ic ,seam1 a "n us$ to designate draw]s hav+ an ela/ic seam at ! side1 is purely descriptive1 & 0 s consid]$ by ! c\rt 9 ! case ( ,scriv5 v ,nor?4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ^w ,ela/ic1 :5 appli$ to bookcases1 is held to be a fanciful ^w1 n descriptive1 & is a valid trade-m>k4 ,application 0 made by a brew] = ! regi/ration ( ! ^w ,/>1 accompani$ by a picture ( a six-po9t$ />1 z a trade-m>k = be]4 ,opposition by ano!r brew] 0 fil$1 & x 0 %[n t bo? ! ^w ,/> & ! symbol _h be5 us$ = ages 9 ,g]many1 ! home ( be]1 z a g5]al sign ( ! brew+ bus9ess1 9 ! same s5se t a /rip$ pole d5otes a b>b]4 ,x 0 claim$1 & ! claim 0 judicially su/a9$1 t bo? ! ^w ,/> & its symbol are indicative ( ! brew+ bus9ess 9 g5]al &1 z su*1 are common to ! trade1 & _c !re=e be consid]$ valid trade-m>ks = be]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,atlas ,,portl& ,,cem5t ,,co ,,portl& ,,atlas ,,cem5t #cj ,,broad ,,/4 ,,new ,,york ,,lehigh ,,portl& ,,cem5t ,,company ,,lehigh ,,portl& -,,works- ,,ormrod ,,lehigh ,,co ,,p5na4 ,,cem5t ,,all5t[n1 ,,pa4 ,,alpha ,,portl& ,,cem5t ,,company ,,alpha ,,portl& ,,g5]al ,,(fice ,,ea/on4 ,,p5na ,,cem5t ,,manufactur]s ,"s ,portl& ,cem5t ,trade-,m>ks4 ,a fl\r manufactur] conceiv$ ! idea ( sell+ 8 product 9 b>rels made by /aves ( alt]nately light & d>k wood--/rip$ b>rels1 9 fact4 ,he !n desir$ regi/ration = a trade-m>k :i* consi/$ ( a pictorial repres5tation ( ?is =m ( b>rel4 ,x 0 held t ?is m>k 0 n regi/rable1 z x 0 descriptive ( ! b>rel4 ,bett] ?an ,"m's ,m9ce ,meat 0 held to be invalid z a trade-m>k1 z x is obvi\sly indicative ( quality4 ,illu/ration3 ,,columbus ,,s&ur ,,sanit>y--,,durable ,,pat5t$ ,a complicat$ & involv$ trade-m>k4 ,a descriptive ^w 9 a =eign language _c be exclusively1 appropriat$ z a trade-m>k4 ,! ^w ,matzoon 9 ,arm5ian means f]m5t$ milk4 ,x 0 held1 9 ! case ( ,dadirrian v ,yacubian t ?is ^w1 appli$ to a prep>ation ( f]m5t$ milk1 0 n a valid trade-m>k4 ,arbitr>y symbols1 numb]s or words 9 common use 9 any l9e ( trade to designate grades1 or v>ieties1 ( products1 are held to h become descriptive by usage4 ,lake1 ,cyl9d]1 & ,new ,york are trade names us$ to indicate qualities ( glass4 ,!y 7 refus$ regi/ration on ! gr\nd t !y 7 descriptive appellatives4 ,note t "o ( ! names1 ,new ,york1 w\ld h be5 consid]$ invalid on ! gr\nd ( be+ a geographical t]m4 ,a ,no4 #a1 ,a ,x ,no4 #a & ,no4 #a1 us$ by a pl[ manufactur] to indicate size & %ape ( pl[s1 7 consid]$ descriptive t]ms1 &1 !re=e1 n valid trade-m>ks4 ,:ile descriptive numb]s _c be regi/]$ z trade-m>ks1 x is p]mitt$ to regi/] numb]s t are us$ z arbitr>y symbols4 ,a celebrat$ in/ance ( a numb] us$ z a trade-m>k is #dgaa us$ to designate a l9e ( toilet articles4 ,:5 ! manufacture ( ! fam\s #dgaa ,p]fume began1 ! own]'s place ( bus9ess 0 at #dgaa ,glock5gasse1 9 ,cologne4 ,! /reet numb] #dgaa 0 plac$ on ! label1 & x is to-day "o ( ! olde/ trade-m>ks 9 exi/5ce1 hav+ be5 us$ = ab\t "o hundr$ & tw5ty-five ye>s4 ,! h\se at #dgaa ,glock5gasse has long s9ce disappe>$1 & #dgaa is n[ only an arbitr>y symbol4 ,a manufactur] ( hooks & eyes appli$ = regi/ration ( ! phrase ,ru/8 ,nev]6 z a trade-m>k4 ,regi/ration 0 refus$1 z ! m>k 0 held to be descriptive1 indicat+ t ! hooks & eyes w\ld nev] ru/4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,! ,j4 ,w4 ,t4 ,adv]tis+ ,s]vice ,an adv]tis+ ag5cy's claim to an adv]tis]'s consid]ation mu/ be bas$ on ! s]vice t x gives4 ,s]vice consi/s (3-- #a/4 ,in=mation z to adv]tis+ m$iums1 _! circulations1 rates & qualities4 #bnd4 ,advice re/+ on actual exp]i5ce4 #crd4 ,k ( commodities1 _! composition1 prices & me?ods ( sale4 #d?4 ,k ( m]*&is+ conditions4 #e?4 ,k ( ! buy+ public1 its ne$s1 its habits & its income4 #f?4 ,! ability to plan adv]tis+ campaigns--t is1 to grasp ! :ole subject & "w out its details 9 con=mity ) a g5]al pr9ciple4 #g?4 ,k ( trade-m>ks1 _! use 9 adv]tis+1 & me?ods ( protect+ !m f infr+em5t4 #h?4 ,! ability to write adv]tis+ t w create a desire = ! adv]tis$ product4 #i?4 ,! arti/ic ability to make adv]tis+ attractive4 ,! s]vice ( ! ,j4 ,walt] ,?ompson ,company cov]s all ^! functions ( an adv]tis+ ag5cy4 ,we h _h a cont9u\s exp]i5ce ( =ty-six ye>s 9 plann+ & c>ry+ out adv]tis+ campaigns4 ,we h rea*$ ! /age ( developm5t :]e we "k adv]tis+ z a swimm] kn[s ! wat]4 ,doesn't x seem good bus9ess to entru/ y\r adv]tis+ to an ag5cy t really kn[s8 ,j4 ,,walt] ,,?ompson ,,company ,new ,york3 #dd ,ea/ #bcrd ,/reet ,bo/on3 #bja ,devon%ire ,/reet ,c9c9nati3 ,fir/ ,national ,bank ,bldg4 ,/4 ,l\is3 ,odd ,fell[s ,bldg4 ,*icago3 ,! ,rook]y ,clevel&3 ,swetl& ,bldg4 ,detroit3 ,truss$ ,concrete ,bldg4 ,toronto3 ,lumsd5 ,bldg4 ,london3 #cc ,b$=d ,/41 ,/r& ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,x %\ld be not$ t !re are valid trade-m>ks t seem to be descriptive1 & :i* no d\bt convey to ! pur*as] ! sugge/ion ( quality1 b :i* are n really descriptive1 b m]ely sugge/ive4 ,an example ( ?is is ,hydegrade z appli$ to fabrics4 ,?is ^w is a comb9ation ( ,hyde 7! "n ( ! proprietor7 & ,grade4 ,! ^w1 by virtue ( its s\nd1 br+s to ! m9d ! idea ( high-grade--a v =tuit\s circum/ance1 d\btless1 9 ! op9ion ( ! own]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,br5l9 ,affix$ by us+ p]=at$ lett]s4 ,trade-m>k appe>s on e y>d ( ,br5l9 w9d[ %ades4 ,names1 descriptive 9 _! nature1 & !re=e n regi/rable "u ! ,act ( #aije1 may1 nev]!less1 be protect$ by ! law ( unfair competition1 if ! circum/ances are su* z cle>ly to indicate t a new us] ( ! "n has adopt$ x = ! purpose ( trad+ ^u ! reputation ( an old] or m widely kn[n conc]n4 ,a ,trade-,m>k ,mu/ ,n ,misrepres5t ! ,quality1 ,composition1 ,"*1 or ,orig9 ( ! ,product ,a fraud _c be legaliz$1 & a misrepres5tation ( any k9d1 made by a trade-m>k1 r5d]s x invalid4 ,syrup ( ,figs 0 held to be invalid z a trade-m>k1 & n protectable1 9 a case :]e ! product 0 %[n to h only a trace ( fig syrup4 ,! title ,am]ican ,s>d9es1 appli$ to fi% :i* 7 n s>d9es1 0 consid]$ a misrepres5tation1 & 0 refus$ regi/ration4 7,note3 ,ev5 if n a misrepres5tation1 x w\ld be consid]$ invalid1 z x is descriptive47 ,9 ! case ( ,wrisley v ,i[a ,soap ,company1 x 0 held t ! "n ,old ,c\ntry ,soap us$ on soap & adv]tis$ 9 su* a way z to lead p to believe t x 0 made 9 ,europe1 0 deceptive & protection to ! "n c\ld n be giv54 ,illu/ration3 ,b ,a trade-m>k t may be consid]$ good or bad1 dep5d+ on ! way y look at x4 ,an int]e/+ case is t ( ,memphis ,keeley ,in/itute v ,leslie ,e4 ,keeley ,co4 7#add ,f$4 ,r4 #fbh2 #aee id4 #ifd74 ,! ,memphis ,keeley ,in/itute made a contract ) ! ,leslie ,e4 ,keeley ,company to repres5t ! ,keeley ,company 9 ,t5nessee 9 treat+ inebriates4 ,! ,keeley ,company agre$ to sell ! ,keeley ,cure to no "o 9 ,t5nessee except ?r\gh ! ,memphis ,in/itute4 ,aft] a :ile ! ,keeley ,company claim$ t ! ,memphis ,in/itute _h violat$ its contract1 & refus$ to furni% any m ( ! treatm5t to ! ,memphis conc]n4 ,! ,memphis ,in/itute cont9u$ to adv]tise itself z ! repres5tative ( ! ,keeley ,company1 & to ass]t t its treatm5t 0 t ( ! ,keeley ,company4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/e]o ,a co9$ ^w us$ z a trade-m>k4 ,suit be+ br\ght1 ! ,memphis ,in/itute alleg$ t ! compla9ant's repres5tations ( ! +r$i5ts ( its rem$ies 7 untrue & mislead+4 ,! ,keeley ,company _h ext5sively adv]tis$ its treatm5t z ! ,gold ,cure4 ,x 0 %[n 9 c\rt t x conta9$ no gold 9 any =m2 t 9 ! beg9n+ *loride ( gold _h be5 us$ 9 "o in/ance1 & t x _h almo/ kill$ ! pati5t2 & t special bottles ( ! cure _h be5 prep>$ ) gold 9 !m 9 ord] t a *emi/ might be deceiv$2 & t ?is *emi/'s analysis ( ! spuri\s bottles _h be5 ext5sively adv]tis$ z %[+ t gold 0 9 ! rem$y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,arl+ton ,,mills ,,skill ,,w9s ,,favor ,a simple & effective trade-m>k4 ,on ! evid5ce ( ^! misrepres5tations1 ! ,c\rt ( ,appeals rev]s$ ! decision ( ! l[] c\rt1 & dismiss$ ! compla9t4 ,! doctr9e ( law t misrepres5tation is a b> to protection ( a trade-m>k or a trade-"n has be5 cle>ly e/abli%$ by _m decisions simil> to ! above4 ,a ,trade-,m>k ,mu/ ,n ,be ,simil> to a ,trade-,m>k previ\sly ,regi/]$ = ! same ,class ( ,m]*&ise ,:5 a pictorial or symbolic device has be5 regi/]$1 regi/ration is refus$ to any o!r m>k1 = ! same class ( m]*&ise1 compos$ ( words describ+ ! pictorial or symbolic device already regi/]$4 ,or1 vice v]sa1 if ! word+ has be5 regi/]$ fir/1 a symbol ) ! same mean+ w be d5i$ regi/ration4 ,= example3-- ,a trade-m>k consi/+ ( ! conv5tional repres5tation ( a fox1 unaccompani$ by lett]+1 w\ld n be a valid trade-m>k if ! ^w ,fox _h already be5 regi/]$ = ! same class ( m]*&ise4 ,9 ei!r case ! goods w\ld be call$ ! ,fox br&4 ,! practice is to refuse regi/ration ( a m>k 9 cases :]e1 al?\gh !re may be no lit]al simil>ity1 !re is a simil>ity 9 ideas4 ,edelweiss-,malt9e 0 refus$ regi/ration on ! gr\nd t x conflict$ ) ,malt9e1 a trade-m>k already regi/]$ = goods ( ! same description4 ,c]tosa 0 refus$ regi/ration z a trade-m>k = fl\r on acc\nt ( its simil>ity to ! ^w ,c]esota already regi/]$4 ,! ,pat5t ,(fice has held t 9 an int]f]5ce betwe5 two trade-m>ks1 "o consi/+ ( ! pictorial repres5tation ( a b\quet ( fl[]s1 & ! o!r consi/+ ( ! ^w ,b\quet1 appli$ to ! same class ( goods1 t ! m>ks 7 id5tical 9 mean+4 ,nassac hav+ be5 regi/]$ z a trade-m>k1 ! ^w ,nayassett 0 refus$ regi/ration on ! gr\nd ( simil>ity4 ,!reupon1 ! own] ( ! ,nayassett m>k obta9$ ! cons5t ( ! own]s ( ,nassac to ! regi/ration ( ,nayassett4 ,?is did n alt] ! case1 9 ! op9ion ( ! ,commission] ( ,pat5ts1 :o held t ! law 0 m&atory1 & 0 n affect$ by agreem5t among ! own]s ( conflict+ m>ks4 ,9 ! case ( ,mc,lean ,co4 v ,adams ,co4 7#acf ,(ficial ,gazette1 #ddj7 x 0 held t !re 0 no conflict betwe5 ,victoria & ,victor1 a m>k already regi/]$ = ! same class ( m]*&ise4 ,a picture ( ,que5 ,victoria's head 0 %[n on a m$allion1 associat$ ) ! ^w ,victoria4 ,! ,victor trade-m>k consi/$ ( ! words ,! ,victor ) a device %[+ a knight on horseback4 ,z ! simil>ity betwe5 ! m>ks 0 obvi\sly slight & sup]ficial1 & 0 outweigh$ by ! dissimil> features1 x 0 held t ! ,victoria trade-m>k 0 entitl$ to regi/ration4 ,x 0 held t !re 0 no conflict betwe5 two trade-m>ks = /ove poli%1 "o consi/+ ( ! ^w ,rav5 ) ! repres5tation ( a rav5 sitt+ on a limb ( a tree1 & ! o!r consi/+ ( ! ^w ,cr[ associat$ ) a picture ( a cr[1 also p]*$ on a limb1 b 9 a diff]5t position4 ,9 case ( conflict+ m>ks ! te/ ( simil>ity is :e!r ! m>ks are suffici5tly alike 9 s\nd or 9 appe>ance1 or 9 int5tion1 to mislead ! pur*as]4 ,a ,trade-,m>k ,may ,n ,be a ,geographical ,"n or ,t]m ,! object ( ?is provision ( ! law is to prohibit ! appropriation ( ! "n ( a place by an individual to ! detrim5t ( o!r manufactur]s 9 ! same locality1 z well z to prev5t a misrepres5tation ( ! place ( orig9 ( a trade-m>k$ article4 ,?is re/riction does n apply to geographical names us$ 9 an arbitr>y or fanciful s5se4 ,illu/ration3 ,,"n ,,dupont ,,on ,,e ,,bru% ,?is %[s h[ ! read]'s att5tion is call$ to ! ,dupont bru% trade-m>k 9 adv]tisem5ts4 ,! ,fleis*man ,company1 well-kn[n bak]s ( ,new ,york1 bake & sell a ,vi5na ,bread4 ,! t]m ,vi5na us$ 9 ?is connection 0 held1 9 a te/ case1 to be a valid trade-m>k1 al?\gh x is a geographical "n4 ,9 ! decision be>+ on ! ,vi5na trade-m>k = bread1 ! ,c\rt said3 ,z a m>k = bread x is purely arbitr>y1 & is 9 no mann] descriptive ( ! +r$i5ts or ! quality ( ! article4 ,no deception is practis$1 because ! place ( its manufacture is giv51 & x is kn[n t bread _c be import$ f abroad = use "h4 ,durham1 a "n appli$ to tobacco1 has be5 judicially held n to be a valid trade-m>k aga9/ ano!r manufactur] locat$ 9 ! t[n ( ,durham4 ,:ile any tobacco manufactur] 9 ,durham has a "r to call 8 tobacco ,durham ,tobacco1 he _c imitate ! label ( ! orig9al ,durham tobacco1 or use ! adv]tis+ symbol ( a bull1 )\t be+ liable to injunction & a suit "u ! law ( unfair competition4 ,fr5*1 appli$ to pa9ts1 0 consid]$ a geographical "n1 & n valid z a trade-m>k4 ,fr5* ,tissue--! "n ( a c\rt-pla/]--0 consid]$ invalid1 ! fir/ ^w be+ a geographical t]m & ! second a descriptive ^w4 ,! ^w ,celtic1 h[ev]1 has be5 consid]$ valid z a trade-m>k = tea4 ,! ,commission] ( ,pat5ts1 be=e :om ! case w5t on an appeal1 decid$ t :ile ,grecian1 ,roman & ,ori5tal _h be5 held to be geographical1 z ea* ( ^! t]ms ref]s to a c]ta9 section ( ! globe1 ! ^w ,celtic is n4 ,!re seems to be no au?ority to su/a9 ! popul> op9ion t ,celtic ref]s only to ,irel&4 ,! diction>y def9es ,celtic z p]ta9+ to ! ,celts1 ( :om ! ,iri% are only a bran*4 ,x has nev] be5 appli$ to any specific locality4 ,yucatan appli$ to lea!r2 ,manhattan z ! "n ( sew+-ma*9es2 & ,pittsburgh z a trade-m>k on pumps1 h all be5 held to be geographical1 & !re=e invalid4 ,9 a rec5t decision ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt1 ! exclusive "r ( ! ,c>?usian monks to use _! well-kn[n trade-m>k = _! ,liqueur ,*>treuse1 0 upheld4 ,?is "r 0 attack$ on ! gr\nd t ,*>treuse is a geographical "n1 ! liqueur hav+ be5 made at a mona/]y call$ = _m c5turies ,la ,gr&e ,*>treuse4 ,9 8 op9ion ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,hughes said3 ,if x be assum$ t ! monks took _! "n f ! region 9 ,france 9 :i* !y settl$ 9 ! elev5? c5tury1 x /ill rema9s true t x became peculi>ly _! designation4 ,& ! ^w ',*>treuse'1 z appli$ to ! liqueur1 :i* = g5]ations !y made & sold1 _c be reg>d$ 9 a prop] s5se z a geographical "n4 ,x _h exclusive ref]5ce to ! fact t x 0 ! liqueur made by ! ,c>?usian monks at _! mona/]y4 ,s f> z x embrac$ ! notion ( place1 ! description 0 n ( di/rict1 b ( ! mona/]y ( ! ord]--! abode ( ! monks--& ! t]m1 9 its entirety1 po9t$ to production by ! monks4 ,:ile a geographical "n may be upheld z a valid trade-m>k1 "u exceptional conditions--z %[n 9 ! ,fleis*man case--! safe plan to foll[ is to avoid names ( ?is "* :5 select+ a trade-m>k4 ,"u ! collection ( legal prec$5ts con/itut+ ! law ( unfair trade1 ! own] ( a geographical trade-m>k may successfully def5d 8 "r to its exclusive use if he has acquir$ su* a reputation "u x t x has gr[n to be1 9 ! public m9d1 an arbitr>y designation ( 8 goods4 ,! ,am]ican ,wal?am ,wat* ,company1 manufactur+ wat*es at ,wal?am1 ,massa*usetts1 has legally prev5t$ o!r manufactur]s 9 ,wal?am f call+ _! product ,wal?am wat*es unless ! "n is us$ ) "s accompany+ /atem5t :i* cle>ly di/+ui%es ^! wat*es f ! orig9al ,wal?am wat*4 ,!re is an ,elg9 ,wat*1 a ,kalamazoo ,/ove & a ,bri/ol ,fi%+-,rod1 to s+le out a few examples ( geographical t]ms us$ z trade-m>ks4 ,! exclusive use ( ^! trade-m>ks by ! mak]s ( ! well-kn[n articles :i* !y repres5t c no d\bt be legally su/a9$ on ! gr\nd t ^! names h become arbitr>ily id5tifi$1 ?r\gh ye>s ( use & ext5sive di/ribution1 ) ! articles to :i* !y are appli$1 & t _! indiscrim9ate use w\ld cause confusion 9 ! public m9d & loss to ! orig9al own]s4 ,_! security z trade-m>ks re/s1 n ^u ! lett] ( ! trade-m>k act1 b ^u ! law ( unfair trade4 ,a ,trade-,m>k ,mu/ ,n ,consi/ ( ! ,insignia ( ! ,am]ican ,national ,r$ ,cross ,! ,act ( #aije 7! trade-m>k /atute7 is sil5t on ! subject ( ! ,r$ ,cross z a trade-m>k4 ,its use z a trade-m>k1 or z an adv]tisem5t1 or 9 trade 9 any =m1 is prohibit$ by ! act incorporat+ ! ,am]ican ,national ,r$ ,cross1 approv$ ,janu>y #e1 #aije4 ,an extract f ?is act1 be>+ on ?is subject1 is quot$ "h3 ,nor %all x be lawful = any p]son or corporation1 o!r ?an ! ,r$ ,cross ( ,am]ica1 n n[ lawfully entitl$ to use ! sign ( ! ,r$ ,cross1 h]eaft] to use su* sign or any insignia color$ 9 imitation !re( = ! purposes ( trade1 or z an adv]tisem5t to induce ! sale ( any article :atsoev]4 ,if any p]son violates ! provisions ( ?is section1 he %all be guilty ( a misdemeanor & %all be liable to a f9e ( n less ?an "o nor m ?an five hundr$ doll>s1 or imprisonm5t = a t]m n exce$+ "o ye>1 or bo?1 = ea* & e (f5se4 ,! f9e s collect$ %all be paid to ! ,am]ican ,national ,r$ ,cross4 ,9 ! ,(ficial ,gazette !re is report$ ! case ( an applicant :o appli$ = regi/ration ( a label = c\gh syrup1 conta9+ ! emblem ( ! ,r$ ,cross & ! words ,r$ ,cross4 ,?is label hav+ be5 refus$ regi/ration1 ! applicant submitt$ x 9 an am5d$ =m ) ! ,r$ ,cross emblem left out1 b ) ! word+ left intact4 ,x 0 cont5d$ by him t ! ,act ( ,janu>y #e1 #aije1 prohibit$ only ! use ( ! sign ( ! ,r$ ,cross1 & t by implication ! words ,r$ ,cross %\ld be consid]$ regi/rable4 ,?is cont5tion ( ! applicant 0 held by ! ,commission] to be an attempt to evade ! _s ( ! law1 & regi/ration 0 refus$4 ,a trade-m>k conta9+ ! ,r$ ,cross emblem does n fall )9 ! prohibition express$ 9 ! /atute if x has be5 9 exclusive use by ! applicant = t5 ye>s prior to #aije4 ,a ,trade-,m>k ,mu/ ,n ,be ,m]ely ! ,"n ( an ,individual1 ,firm1 ,corporation1 or ,association unless said ,"n is ,writt51 ,pr9t$1 ,impress$ or ,wov51 9 "s ,p>ticul> or ,di/9ctive ,mann]1 or is ,us$ 9 ,connection ) ! ,portrait ( ! ,individual ,a surname _c be ! exclusive prop]ty ( an individual1 because !re may be o!r p]sons :o h an equal "r to use ! same "n4 ,a man by ! "n ( ,jones may g into ! bus9ess ( manufactur+ cig>s1 = example1 & he may call 8 product ,jones ,cig>s &1 by 8 indu/ry & ability1 create a valuable bus9ess4 ,b any o!r ,jones has a "r to manufacture & sell cig>s1 if he feels s incl9$1 & ! fir/ ,jones _c prev5t x4 ,x is true t1 "u ! law ( unfair trade1 he may compel all o!r ,joneses to m>k _! cig>s 9 "s di/9ctive mann]1 9 ord] t pur*as]s may n be misl$ into ! belief t !y are buy+ ! product ( ! orig9al ,jones1 :5 su* is n ! case4 ,?is pr9ciple is specifically illu/rat$ 9 ! fam\s ,walt] ,bak] cases1 ( :i* a brief resum is giv5 9 ano!r *apt]4 ,an obvi\s int5t ( ! fram]s ( ! ,act ( #aije 0 to disc\rage ! use ( ! names ( individuals1 firms1 corporations & associations z trade-m>ks4 ,consequ5tly1 x 0 provid$ 9 ! act t names ( ?is "* %\ld n be regi/]$ unless !y 7 writt51 pr9t$1 impress$ or wov5 9 "s p>ticul> or di/9ctive mann]1 or us$ 9 connection ) ! portrait ( ! individual4 ,! rul+ ( ! ,pat5t ,(fice1 :i* has be5 su/a9$ by ! c\rts1 is t ! p>ticul> or di/9ctive mann] ( pres5t+ ! "n mu/ exhibit a peculi>ity s pron\nc$ t x dom9ates ! "n1 & ?r[s x into relatively second>y importance4 ,9 o!r words1 a trade-m>k ( ?is "*1 to be regi/rable1 mu/ possess m ( ! quality ( a device ?an ( a "n4 ,x is conc$$ t an autograph signature1 l ,wilcox's1 %[n on ?is page1 is entitl$ to regi/ration4 ,soon aft] ! law w5t into effect a curi\s tangle develop$ 9 ! application ( ?is feature ( ! act4 ,x 0 f\nd t ! ,pat5t ,(fice--& its /& 0 upheld by ! ,c\rt ( ,appeals ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia--w\ld n sanction ! regi/ration ( a "n possess+ all ! te*nical requisites ( a valid trade-m>k if x happ5$ to be ! "n ( ! applicant1 unless x 0 writt5 or pr9t$ 9 "s p>ticul> & di/9ctive =m4 ,illu/ration3 ,wilcox's ,,trade ,,m>k ,,regi/]$ ,writt5 9 a p>ticul> & di/9ctive mann] )9 ! mean+ ( ! law4 ,to a legal m9d !re may h be5 "s good reason = ?is attitude ( ! c\rt1 b a layman ( ord9>y common s5se c f9d no?+ 9 ! /atute t w\ld ju/ify a refusal to regi/] a trade-m>k1 valid 9 o!r respects1 m]ely because x happ5$ to be ! "n ( ! p]son1 corporation1 or firm mak+ ! application4 ,! "n ,success1 a valid m>k 9 e ess5tial respect1 0 refus$ regi/ration z a trade-m>k = ,success ,magaz9e1 because x =m$ "p ( ! "n ( ! applicant1 ,! ,success ,magaz9e ,company4 ,! rul+ ( ! c\rt left ! implication t if ,success ,magaz9e _h be5 publi%$ by ,john ,br[n ,co41 or by any o!r conc]n o!r ?an ! ,success ,magaz9e ,company1 regi/ration w\ld h be5 grant$4 ,x 0 held t a regi/ration ( ! "n ,success w\ld be a violation ( t provision ( ! law provid+ t a m>k consi/+ m]ely ( ! "n ( ! applicant c\ld n be regi/]$4 ,! ^w ,*ampion1 z a trade-m>k = locks1 0 reject$ by ! ,pat5t ,(fice on ! gr\nd t x =m$ "p ( ! "n ( ! ,*ampion ,safety ,lock ,company4 ,! ^w ,*ampion is arbitr>y & fanciful1 & c\ld no d\bt h be5 regi/]$ by any o!r firm ?an ! ,*ampion ,safety ,lock ,company4 ,_m o!r simil> cases develop$ dur+ ! fir/ six ye>s ( ! law's application4 ,?is situation l$ to ! passage on ,febru>y #h1 #aiaa1 ( ! foll[+ am5dm5t ( ?is section ( ! ,act ( #aije3 ,provid$1 fur!r t no?+ h]e9 %all prev5t ! regi/ration ( a trade-m>k o!rwise regi/rable because ( its be+ ! "n ( ! applicant or a portion !re(4 ,x is n[ practicable to regi/] ! "n ( any individual1 firm1 corporation or association--ev5 if x is ! "n ( ! applicant--provid$ x is writt51 pr9t$1 impress$ or wov51 9 "s p>ticul> or di/9ctive mann]4 ,illu/ration3 ,/ew>t ,h>t%orn ,?is "n turns up :5 ! "t comes to hang ! w9d[ %ades4 ,a famili> example ( ! "n ( an individual us$ z a trade-m>k is to be f\nd on e ,h>t%orn %ade roll]1 :]e ! "n ,/ew>t ,h>t%orn1 writt5 z an autograph signature1 has be5 us$ = _m ye>s4 ,! "n ,huyl]'s1 appli$ to confection]y1 is ano!r case ( ! same k9d4 ,! "n ,john ,wanamak] has1 by long usage 9 connection ) a highly successful m]cantile bus9ess1 become ! mo/ valuable trade-m>k 9 ! dep>tm5t /ore _w4 ,/ew>t ,h>t%orn1 ,huyl]'s1 & ,john ,wanamak] are all common law m>ks1 fully protect$ by ! law ( unfair trade4 ,a ,trade-,m>k ,mu/ ,n ,be any ,design or ,picture ,adopt$ by a ,frat]nal ,society z its ,emblem ,! int5t ( ! law is to prohibit any individual f trad+ on ! reputation ( a frat]nal ord]4 ,regi/ration 0 refus$ = ! phrase ,knights ( ,labor z a trade-m>k on :iskey4 ,a ,trade-,m>k ,mu/ ,n ,consi/ (1 or ,comprise1 ! ,flag or ,coat ( ,arms or o!r ,insignia ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or any ,simulation !re(1 or ( any ,/ate1 or ,municipality1 or ( any ,=eign ,nation ,x has be5 decid$ 9 "o case :]e an application 0 made to regi/] ! coat ( arms ( ,m>yl&1 t x c\ld n be regi/]$ ev5 "u ! t5 ye>s' clause4 ,simulations ( ! coat ( arms ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates flag1 h be5 d5i$ regi/ration4 ,! ,u4 ,s4 ,sanit>y ,manufactur+ ,co4 0 refus$ regi/ration = a trade-m>k consi/+ ( ! lett]s ,u4 ,s4 ) a backgr\nd ( a %ield simil> to t ( ! conv5tional ,unit$ ,/ates %ield4 ,9 ! case ( ,pop(f ,frres1 import]s1 regi/ration ( a m>k includ+ ! ,russian coat ( arms 0 refus$1 al?\gh pro( 0 %[n t ! ,russian gov]nm5t _h au?oriz$ ! applicants to use ?is coat ( arms z _! trade-m>k4 ,! ,commission] held t ! law c\ld n be set aside by agreem5t4 ,! read] is d\btless famili> ) ! trade-m>k ( ! ,unit$ ,cig> ,/ores--a %ield consi/+ ( a backgr\nd at ! top ) ! ^w ,cig>s on x1 ) ! ^w ,unit$ =m+ ! l[] "p ( ! design4 ,! v]tical l9es =m sev5 heavy /rokes1 correspond+ to ! sev5 r$ /ripes 9 ! ,am]ican flag4 ,?is design is sugge/ive ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates coat ( arms1 b x is s clev]ly work$ out t x does n come )9 ! prohibition express$ 9 ! law4 ,sugge/ive z ?is design is ( ! ,am]ican %ield1 ?is feature is second>y1 aft] all1 = ! design is dom9at$ by ! lett]+ ,unit$ & ,cig>s4 ,a ,trade-,m>k ,mu/ ,n ,be a ,=m1 a ,color1 a ,%ape1 or a ,mat]ial ,x is cle> t a trade-m>k mu/ be a m>k--n a box1 or an envelope1 or conta9] ( any k9d4 ,9 a case :]e x 0 s\ght to regi/] a drum-%ap$ box us$ to conta9 ,drum ,coll>s1 x 0 held t1 if su* claims 7 all[$1 ! =ms & mat]ials ( packages to conta9 articles & m]*&ise w\ld be rapidly tak5 up1 & appropriat$ by deal]s1 until "s "o bold] ?an ! o!rs1 might g to ! v root ( ?+s1 & claim ! primitive br[n pap] & t[ /r+s4 ,a product itself _c be regi/]$ z a trade-m>k1 = ! m>k mu/ be diff]5t & sep>ate f ! ?+ m>k$4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #dgaa ,"o ( ! olde/ trade-m>ks 9 exi/5ce4 ,us$ = g5]ations z a trade-m>k ( ,johann ,m>ia ,f>9a toilet prep>ations4 ,x w\ld be unfair to give an exclusive "r to use any p>ticul> color to an individual1 consequ5tly a color is n a valid trade-m>k4 ,a se$-gr[]1 sell+ 8 product 9 bags1 appli$ = regi/ration ( a r$ bag z a trade-m>k1 b regi/ration 0 refus$4 ,a f\nta9 p5 manufactur] 0 refus$ regi/ration = a trade-m>k = f\nta9 p5s1 consi/+ ( a r$ fe$ b> contra/$ ) a black res]voir ( h>d rubb]4 ,! applicant /at$ t ! fe$ b> 0 color$ r$ 9 ! manufactur+ process1 & t x 0 compos$ ( rubb] made by a special =mula4 ,! ,c\rt ( ,appeals held t regi/ration ( ?is device w\ld give ! applicant a virtual monopoly ( ?is feature4 ,! ,und]wood ,typewrit] ,co4 appli$ = regi/ration ( ! face-plate ( _! ma*9e z a trade-m>k4 ,x is a pr9ciple ( ! trade-m>k law t a "p ( a ma*9e1 or ! =m ( an article1 _c be a valid trade-m>k4 ,report+ ?is case1 ! ,bullet9 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,trade-m>k ,association = ,janu>y1 #aijh1 says3 ,! applicant1 9 ! in/ance "u adjudication1 s\ght to avoid ?is pr9ciple ( law1 by cont5d+ t ! case did n fall )9 t doctr9e1 = ! reason t ! plate :i* he s\ght to regi/] 0 n really a "p ( ! ma*9e1 s9ce x c\ld be remov$ )\t *ang+ ! %ape ( ! ma*9e1 or int]f]+ ) its op]ation1 or alt]+ its /ructure4 ,x 0 held1 h[ev]1 t :ile ! plate p]=m$ none ( ! me*anical functions ( ! ma*9e x 0 nev]!less a "p ( ! ma*9e z actually con/ruct$1 & 0 z ess5tial z ! frame itself to ! production ( a comm]cial article4 ,x 0 necess>y to give a f9i%$ appe>ance to ! ma*9e1 :i* w\ld n be salable )\t x4 ,to recognize ! applicant's "r to a trade-m>k 9 t feature ( ! ma*9e1 w\ld enable ! applicant to prev5t ! manufacture ( its ma*9es z con/ruct$ to-day1 aft] all ! pat5ts cov]+ x _h expir$1 s9ce no salable ma*9e c\ld be produc$ )\t infr++ ! trade-m>k4 ,trade-,m>ks ,are ,n ,regi/rable if aga9/ ,public ,policy ,! common good takes prec$5ce ( ! rights ( individuals4 ,?is is a pr9ciple ( equity :i* has run ?r\gh ! fabric ( ,anglo-,saxon law = a ?\s& ye>s4 ,we f9d x develop$ into div]se & widely sep>at$ =ms4 ,on "o h&1 x appe>s z ! "r ( em95t doma92 9 ano!r =m we f9d x appe>+ 9 a law prohibit+ ! use ( ! national flag = adv]tis+ purposes4 ,?is pr9ciple is obs]v$ by ! ,pat5t ,(fice & ! c\rts 9 deal+ ) que/ions relat+ to trade-m>ks4 ,a trade-m>k1 o!rwise regi/rable1 & consi/+ ( a device or word+ n prohibit$ by ! /atute1 may be refus$ regi/ration if oppos$ to public policy4 ,! application ( ! ,bann] ,cig> ,mfg4 ,co4 7#ach ,(ficial ,gazette1 #ebh7 = regi/ration ( ! portrait & facsimile signature ( ! late ,ex-,presid5t ,grov] ,clevel& z a trade-m>k 0 refus$1 ! ,commission] ( ,pat5ts hold+ t ! use ( a trade-m>k ( ?is "* w\ld detract f ! dignity ( ! high (fice ( ,presid5t4 ,! portrait & facsimile signature ( ,?omas ,jeff]son 0 refus$ regi/ration on ! same gr\nds4 ,x %\ld be not$ t !re is no law to prev5t any manufactur] desir\s ( us+ ! "n & portrait ( an ,ex-,presid5t 7n liv+7 z a trade-m>k if he c>es to d s1 b he _c regi/] su* a trade-m>k1 & 8 ability to protect x 9 ! c\rts 9 case ( infr+em5t is conjectural4 ,! ^w ,copyright1 ! "n ( a br& ( fl\r1 0 refus$ regi/ration on ! gr\nd t its regi/ration w\ld be oppos$ to public policy1 s9ce its use 9 connection ) ! phrase ,regi/]$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice w\ld be likely to impress buy]s ) ! idea t ! fl\r _h be5 approv$ (ficially4 ,x 0 also /at$ by ! ,commission]1 be=e :om ! application w5t on appeal1 t its regi/ration might be us$ to annoy o!r fl\r manufactur]s1 :o are oblig$ by law to give notice ( copyright on _! labels1 by us+ ! ^w ,copyright ) ! date & "n ( ! own]4 ,! ,r4 ,m4 ,rose ,company 0 refus$ regi/ration = ! words ,ask ! ,rev5ue ,(fic] z a trade-m>k = :iskey4 ,! objection is t ?is trade-m>k might lead pur*as]s to believe t ! quality ( ! :iskey ?us br&$ has ! approval ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,= ! same reason ! ^w ,gov]nm5t 0 refus$ regi/ration z a trade-m>k = loose-leaf b9d]s4 ,affixation ,a trade-m>k t is n affix$ to ! goods = :i* x is regi/]$ _c be protect$ 9 ! c\rts4 ,a m>k1 or design1 or "n1 t is us$ only 9 adv]tis+ is n a trade-m>k b an adv]tis+ symbol4 ,affixation is an ess5tial requisite ( validity 9 trade-m>ks4 ,illu/ration3 ,,simmons ,,trade ,,m>k ,,*a9s ,,& ,,fobs ,! trade-m>k ^w ,simmons is affix$ on *a9s by /amp+ x 9 m9ute lett]s on ! swivel ( ! *a94 ,! trade-m>k may be writt51 or pr9t$1 or pa/$1 or /5cil$1 or br&$1 or wov51 or sew$1 ^u ! article ) :i* x is us$4 ,:5 x is n feasible to affix x to ! article itself1 z 9 case ( liquids & _m o!r commodities1 ! trade-m>k mu/ be affix$ to ! conta9]4 ,_m +5i\s devices are us$ by manufactur]s 9 affix+ trade-m>ks4 ,! trade-m>k ,br5l91 on ,br5l9 w9d[ %ades1 is plac$ ^u e y>d ( ! fabric 9 small p]=at$ lett]s4 ,! "n appe>s ne> ! selvage on ea* side ( ! goods4 ,! "n ,aurora1 appli$ to porti]es & simil> hang+s1 is to be f\nd wov5 9 ! patt]n ( ! fabric ne> ! ends ( ea* piece4 ,! trade-m>k bl5ds into ! patt]n 9 su* a way t x is inconspicu\s1 b may be readily f\nd ^u look+ = x4 ,! ,london ,fea!r ,company's ,london ,plumes trade-m>k is clev]ly affix$1 be+ 9 ! %ape ( a dim9utive celluloid label1 to ! inside ( ! /em ( ea* o/ri* plume4 ,! label is sew$ on 9 su* a mann] t if x is cut out ! plume falls ap>t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,l[ell ,,duck ,?is trade-m>k is /5cil$ on duck sail clo?4 ,mak]s ( clo?+ g5]ally affix _! trade-m>ks to ea* g>m5t 9 ! %ape ( a sew$ label4 ,manufactur]s ( rubb] goods1 su* z rubb] tires1 wat] bags1 etc41 mold ! trade-m>k into ! article itself4 ,! ,l[ell ,duck trade-m>k1 us$ on sail clo?1 is /5cil$ at regul> int]vals on ! selvage4 ,! ,corticelli kitt51 :i* is ! regi/]$ trade-m>k ( ,corticelli ,spool ,silk1 appe>s on ! label at ! end ( ea* spool4 ,moet ,*&on1 & o!r *ampagne produc]s1 h adopt$ ! unique me?od ( affix+ _! trade-m>ks to ! bottom ( ! corks ( _! bottles4 ,! trade-m>k is n se51 ( c\rse1 until ! bottle has be5 op5$4 ,?is me?od ( affixation has be5 su/a9$ by ! c\rts4 ,! logic ( x is t x prev5ts an unscrupul\s retail] f wa%+ ! label (f a bottle ( w9e & pa/+ a spuri\s label 9 its place1 provid$ ! pur*as] kn[s :]e to look = ! trade-m>k4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,adv]tis+ ,*>act]s ,! ma9 diff]5ce betwe5 a trade-m>k & an adv]tis+ "* is 9 ! matt] ( affixation4 ,a trade-m>k1 to be valid1 mu/ be affix$ to ! goods1 :ile an adv]tis+ "* is (t5 us$ only 9 ! adv]tisem5ts ( ! product1 ?\gh mo/ adv]tis]s use _! trade-m>ks also 9 adv]tis+4 ,b !re is ano!r diff]5ce4 ,a trade-m>k is inflexible4 ,aft] hav+ be5 once adopt$ & regi/]$1 x _c be *ang$ 9 design or word+4 ,if *anges are made 9 x1 ! validity ( ! trade-m>k is vitiat$ proportionately4 ,on ! o!r h&1 all k9ds ( *anges are be+ con/antly made 9 adv]tis+ *>act]s1 ?\gh adv]tis]s are c>eful to pres]ve ! ma9 features ( a "*1 aft] hav+ adopt$ x1 9 ord] t x may be ! t\*/one ( remembrance 9 ! read]'s m9d4 ,x has occurr$ to v>i\s adv]tis]s1 :o h be5 impress$ by ! inf9ite v>iety ( pictures 9 adv]tis+1 t x w\ld be a good idea = !m to put "s p]man5t pictorial feature 9 _! adv]tisem5ts4 ,?is feature--a human figure1 or a decoration1 or a gr\p ( figures--s]ves z an id5tify+ l&m>k to ! voyag] 9 ^! welt]+ seas ( *ange4 ,) ?is pr9ciple e/abli%$ & foll[$ ye> aft] ye> 9 all adv]tisem5ts ( any product1 x is feasible to *ange ! entire arti/ic treatm5t ( ! subject f "t to "t1 yet /ill hold to ! symbolic figures :i* connect1 9 ! read]'s m9d1 all ! pa/ adv]tis+ ) ! new s]ies4 ,?is l9e ( reason+ und]lies ! adoption & use ( adv]tis+ *>act]s4 ,an adv]tis+ "*--?is is a r crude t]m1 b x seems to express ! idea bett] ?an any?+ else--diff]s f an adv]tis+ illu/ration 9 t ! "* is c>ri$ on cont9u\sly 9 ! adv]tis+1 9 "s =m1 :ile an illu/ration is dropp$ = some?+ new4 ,illu/ration3 ,pet] ,h5d]son's fam\s g>d5]4 ,= example1 ,pet] ,h5d]son's g>d5] appe>s1 & has appe>$1 9 e adv]tisem5t ( ,pet] ,h5d]son's se$s = _m ye>s4 ,9 mo/ ( ! ,pet] ,h5d]son adv]tisem5ts1 ! g>d5] is ! only illu/ration4 ,! ,lackawanna ,railroad has us$ ,phoebe ,sn[ = _m ye>s 9 its adv]tisem5ts z its /> pass5g] on ! dirtless & du/less road to ,buffalo4 ,! s*eme ( pictur+ ?is da9ty :ite-clad girl 9 connection ) ! adv]tis+ ( a railroad is bas$ on a v clev] idea4 ,railroad j\rneys are g5]ally suppos$ to be du/y & uncom=table2 b "h is an attractive "y lady :o does n ev5 g to ! tr\ble ( *ang+ h] :ite dress :5 %e makes a trip on ! ,lackawanna4 ,! use ( ,phoebe ,sn[ z an adv]tis+ symbol is sugge/ive ( ! cleanl9ess & com=t & safety ( ! road4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,dut* boy is tak5 out ( ! trade-m>k & made to d /unts4 ,x sometimes happ5s t an adv]tis+ "* is a figure or a device t has be5 =mally adopt$ z a trade-m>k ( ! adv]tis]'s product4 ,! ,national ,lead ,company's ,dut* pa9t] boy is a device ( ?is k9d4 ,:ile a trade-m>k mu/ n be *ang$1 a human figure1 us$ z ! trade-m>k1 may be put into ano!r illu/ration1 & us$ sep>ately4 ,?is has be5 done 9 ! ,national ,lead ,company's adv]tis+4 ,_! ,dut* ,boy has be5 depict$ 9 ! act ( pa9t+ a h\se1 & 9 giv+ a lecture on pa9t4 ,! ,gold ,du/ ,tw9s h be5 engag$ 9 labori\s b joy\s tasks ( v>i\s k9ds s9ce ab\t #ahhj4 ,gold ,du/ 0 fir/ made 9 #ahhc1 b ! tw9s1 n call$ at t "t ,! ,gold ,du/ ,tw9s _h be5 a h\se trade-m>k ( ! ,n4 ,k4 ,fairbank ,company = two or ?ree ye>s be=e t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,prud5tial ,,has ,,! ,,/r5g? ,,( ,,gibralt> ,! trade-m>k ( ! ,prud5tial ,insurance ,company4 ,"o ( ! mo/ widely kn[n symbols ev] us$ 9 adv]tis+ is ! repres5tation ( ! ,rock ( ,gibralt>1 :i* is a feature ( ! ,prud5tial ,insurance ,company's adv]tis+4 ,!re is h>dly any d\bt t pictures ( ! ,rock h be5 pr9t$ m times 9 connection ) ! ,prud5tial adv]tis+ ?an 9 all o!r =ms ( repres5tation t h be5 issu$ s9ce ! art ( pr9t$ illu/ration began4 ,! conception ( ! ,victor dog1 ) 8 head incl9$ 9 a curi\sly sugge/ive li/5+ attitude1 be=e ! m\?piece ( a phonograph1 ) ! caption1 ,8 ,ma/]'s ,voice1 "u ! picture1 is an idea t ought to rank among ! productions ( g5ius4 ,x w\ld be int]e/+ to "k :at ! ,victor ,talk+ ,ma*9e ,company ?9ks its dog is wor?4 ,illu/ration3 ,a lady ) a smile z inscrutable z t ( ,mono ,lisa4 ,! adv]tis+ symbol ( ,hub]t's ,malv9a ,cream4 ,hub]t's ,malv9a ,cream adv]tis+ c>ries a peculi> b /rik+ly effective diamond-%ap$ device %[+ a woman's smil+ face4 ,! ,am]ican ,bank]s' ,association1 :i* issues travel]s' *eques1 good 9 e "p ( ! _w1 has adopt$ a c\ple ( travel]s--evid5tly a "y man & 8 wife on _! honeymoon trip--z adv]tis+ *>act]s4 ,?is well-groom$ c\ple is %[n1 9 ! v>i\s adv]tisem5ts1 on ! deck ( a /eam%ip1 be=e ! ,pyramids1 9 a ,v5etian gondola1 buy+ curios 9 ! ,ori5t1 & 9 o!r places4 ,be=e !y settle d[n !y w h cov]$ z _m leagues z ! ,w&]+ ,jew4 ,! ,dut* ,cleans] woman1 9 h] et]nal *ase ( dirt1 is "o ( ! be/-kn[n adv]tis+ *>act]s 9 curr5t use4 ,?is "* is also ! trade-m>k ( ! product1 & appe>s on cans ( ,dut* ,cleans]4 ,x w\ld be h>d to beat ?is ,dut* ,cleans] woman z an eye-cat*]4 ,%e %[s motion1 en]gy 9 action1 & ! device has an attractive simplicity4 ,illu/ration3 ,?is /rik+ figure ( a m\nta9 climb] is ,pet]'s ,*ocolate ,m\nta9e]4 ,he has rea*$ ! summit ( ! ,jungfrau & is wav+ 8 h& to 8 fri5ds 9 ! valley to let !m "k he is !re1 & t he is ab\t to eat 8 *ocolate4 ,an ,alp9e m\nta9e]1 us$ z an adv]tis+ "* ( ,pet]'s ,*ocolate1 has become well-kn[n to e magaz9e read] 9 ! c\ntry4 ,! use ( ?is figure h>monizes ) ! phrase high z ! ,alps 9 quality1 :i* is us$ 9 ! ,pet]'s ,*ocolate adv]tis+4 ,! advantage to be ga9$1 9 ! long run1 by adopt+ a cat*y & attractive adv]tis+ "*1 is %[n by ! nation-wide popul>ity ( ! ,campbell ,kids4 ,ev]ybody kn[s !m & _! rippl+ j+les1 & !y h no d\bt become imm5sely valuable to ! conc]n t owns !m4 ,! law ( unfair competition protects an adv]tis] 9 ! use ( an adv]tis+ "* :5 ! "* is ! adv]tis]'s own creation4 ,9 cases :]e liv+ models are us$ = ?is purpose1 ! adv]tis] %\ld rememb] t a model has a "r to sell 8 s]vices--t is1 to pose--= anybody he pleases4 ,"s adv]tis]s make a contract ( long duration ) ! models !y int5d to use1 b9d+ !m to an agreem5t n to pose = any o!r comm]cial purpose4 ,cat*-phrases us$ 9 adv]tis+1 l ,ivory ,soap's fam\s ,x ,floats1 & ,bon ,ami's ,hasn't ,scrat*$ ,yet are protectable aga9/ infr+em5t & unau?oriz$ use by ano!r ?an ! own]1 ?r\gh ! same pr9ciple ( law :i* gives protection to a manufactur] aga9/ a competitor :o has imitat$ 8 packages1 labels & circul>s4 ,an adv]tis]'s exclusive "r to a cat*-phrase is conditional on its con/ant & p]si/5t use by him4 ,an int]mitt5t use does n e/abli% a "r to use x to ! exclusion ( o!rs1 nor does a use ( ! phrase 9 v>y+ =ms ( word+1 ev5 if ! s5se ( x is pres]v$1 e/abli% su* a "r4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to say t an exclusive "r _c be creat$ = a phrase t is n di/9ctive1 su* z ,y\r ,opportunity1 ,clip ! ,c\pon1 etc4 ,! common language is free to all1 & an adv]tis] _c prev5t o!rs f us+ a phrase 9 _! adv]tisem5ts m]ely because he us$ x 9 8 adv]tisem5ts fir/1 unless he c prove t !y are us+ 8 language ) ! int5tion ( mislead+ ! public4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,illu/ration ,! ,owl ,& ,! ,lamp ,! owl is ! symbol ( wisdom--& wisdom means exp]i5ce1 judgm5t1 & k1 comb9$ ) common-s5se4 ,! lamp is ! symbol ( light & cle>ness ( vision4 ,us$ 9 its figurative s5se x is z old z civilization1 = ! anci5ts held ! sign ( a lamp to mean ! p[] ( imag9ation1 illum9at+ ! future4 ,! symbol ( ! owl & ! lamp comb9$ means ,light lead+ ,wisdom4 ,?is is ! adv]tis+ symbol ( ! ,j4 ,walt] ,?ompson ,company4 ,= _m ye>s x has be5 ! trade-m>k ( good adv]tis+4 ,j4 ,,walt] ,,?ompson ,,company ,new ,york3 #dd ,ea/ #bcrd ,/reet ,bo/on3 #bja ,devon%ire ,/reet ,c9c9nati3 ,fir/ ,national ,bank ,bldg4 ,/4 ,l\is3 ,odd ,fell[s ,bldg4 ,*icago3 ,! ,rook]y ,clevel&3 ,swetl& ,bldg4 ,detroit3 ,truss$ ,concrete ,bldg4 ,toronto3 ,lumsd5 ,bldg4 ,london3 #cc ,b$=d ,/41 ,/r& ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,illu/ration3 ,a clean & bright little fell[ :o adorns ,swift ,company's adv]tis+4 ,9 ! case ( ! unau?oriz$ use ( a well-kn[n1 ext5sively adv]tis$ cat*-phrase1 ?is int5tion is virtually obvi\s4 ,= example1 if any soap manufactur] %\ld beg9 to pr9t ! ,n4 ,k4 ,fairbank ,company's celebrat$ "q1 ,h ,y a little ,fairy 9 y\r ,home8 9 8 adv]tisem5ts & signs1 ! c\rts w\ld d\btless enjo9 him summ>ily1 )\t inquiry into 8 int5tions4 ,?is phrase has be5 us$ s long by ! ,n4 ,k4 ,fairbank ,co41 & s mu* money has be5 exp5d$ 9 giv+ x publicity1 t its own]s h acquir$ a valuable prop]ty "r 9 x4 ,money inve/$ 9 adv]tis+ is z mu* a "p ( a bus9ess z if inve/$ 9 build+s or ma*9]y1 & :5 ! goods ( a manufactur] h become popul>1 n only because ( _! intr9sic wor?1 b also by reason ( ! +5i\s1 attractive & p]si/5t mann] 9 :i* !y h become adv]tis$1 ! good-w ?us creat$ is entitl$ to protection aga9/ unfair competition4 7,hilson v ,fo/]1 #hj ,f$4 ,r4 #hif--ahig47 ,illu/ration3 ,?is is ! adv]tis+ symbol us$ 9 ,swift's ,wool ,soap adv]tis+4 ,! little boy 9 ! rec$+ und]%irt us$ some?+ ,j z good4 ,an int]e/+ case ( "o conc]n attempt+ to pr(it by ! adv]tis+ ( ano!r1 0 9 ! c\rts 9 #aijg4 ,kellogg's ,toa/$ ,corn ,flakes 7 ext5sively adv]tis$ 9 a s]ies ( bl9d adv]tisem5ts 9 newspap]s on successive days4 ,^! adv]tisem5ts1 :i* 7 ( l>ge size & /rik+ 9 appe>ance1 %[$ ! picture ( a woman w9k+1 ) ! admonition ,w9k at ,y\r ,groc] & ,see ,:at ,y ,w ,get1 foll[$ by ! lett]s ,k4 ,t4 ,c4 9 l>ge type4 ,! idea ( ! adv]tis] 0 to ar\se curiosity by ?is =m ( adv]tis+1 & p>ticul>ly by ! lett]s ,k4 ,t4 ,c4 ,aft] consid]able adv]tis+ ( ?is k9d he _h plann$ to ann\nce t ,k4 ,t4 ,c4 meant ,kellogg's ,toa/$ ,corn ,flakes1 & t any woman might get a package ( ?is prep>ation free if %e w\ld w9k at h] groc]4 ,illu/ration3 ,?is "y c\ple c get ca% any:]e on ,a4 ,b4 ,a4 ,travel]s' ,*eques4 ,b be=e ! f9al explanatory adv]tisem5ts appe>$1 ano!r conc]n sell+ ,cook's ,flak$ ,rice1 a simil> product1 caus$ adv]tisem5ts to be pr9t$ 9 ! same newspap]s1 9 :i* !y ann\nc$ t ,k4 ,t4 ,c4 meant ,keep to ,cook's4 ,illu/ration3 ,la ,belle ,*ocolatire1 ! trade-m>k ( ,walt] ,bak]'s ,*ocolate4 ,! ,kellogg firm obta9$ an injunction aga9/ ?is adv]tis+ on ! gr\nd ( unfair competition1 9 t ! def5dant 0 misappropriat+ ! good-w creat$ by ! ,kellogg ,company's adv]tis+4 ,! widely adv]tis$ phrase us$ 9 ! ,pompeian ,massage ,cream adv]tisem5ts1 ,don't envy a good complexion2 use ,pompeian & h "o1 is ! result ( a prize conte/1 9 :i* _m ?\s&s ( p tri$ _! skill at mak+ phrases4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,corticelli kitt51 ! adv]tis+ symbol ( ! ,nonotuck ,silk ,co4 ,! ,c5tral ,railroad ( ,new ,j]sey1 9 adv]tis+ its ,new ,york to ,philadelphia s]vice1 uses a phrase t is a complete adv]tisem5t ( its tra9 s]vice 9 six words4 ,tra9s leave ,new ,york = ,philadelphia e h\r1 leav+ at t5 o'clock1 elev5 o'clock1 at noon1 & s on4 ,e tra9 leaves exactly on ! h\r4 ,! road =m]ly us$ ! phrase3 ,tra9s e h\r on ! h\r1 & ?is seem$ to be pretty good1 b x 0 ?\ght t some?+ bett] might be devis$4 ,a great deal ( ?\ght 0 giv5 to ! subject1 & z a result ! phrase ,y\r ,wat* ,is ,y\r ,"t ,table 0 devis$4 ,?is phrase tells ! :ole /ory4 ,x is no long] necess>y to bo!r ) "t-tables :5 "o goes f ,new ,york to ,philadelphia4 ,j look at y\r wat*4 ,to visualize ?is idea1 ! phrase is us$ 9 ! adv]tis+ 9 connection ) ! pictures ( a fa/ tra9 & a wat*4 ,a celebrat$ adv]tis+ phrase 0 ,y press ! button2 we d ! re/1 =m]ly us$ by ! ,ea/man ,kodak ,company4 ,?is s5t5ce a*iev$ a trem5d\s popul>ity1 b x _h ! fundam5tal defect ( n conta9+ any ^w :i* w\ld connect x closely ) ! ,ea/man ,company's product4 ,!re is h>dly a d\bt t x 0 he>d & us$ by a va/ numb] ( p :o did n receive any ,kodak-buy+ sugge/ion f x4 ,a %ort1 incisive phrase :i* does n possess ?is defect is ,o',sullivanize ,y\r ,walk1 us$ 9 ! adv]tis+ ( ,o',sullivan's ,rubb] ,heels4 ,:5 y h a pair ( ,o',sullivan's ,heels put on y\r %oes y d n m]ely inve/ 9 a com=t-giv+ device4 ,x is a bigg] transaction ?an t4 ,y beg9 to walk l a man :o means bus9ess--y h ! erect & confid5t be>+ ( success--9 %ort1 y ,o',sullivanize ,y\r ,walk4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,infr+em5t ,!re is no intr9sic value 9 a trade-m>k4 ,its wor? 9 doll>s is a creation1 & x dep5ds ^u ! successful sale1 or popul>ity1 ( ! commodity to :i* ! trade-m>k is appli$1 ! di/ribution ( ?is commodity1 ! ext5t to :i* x has be5 adv]tis$1 & ! pr(it t !re is 9 x4 ,"s widely-kn[n trade-m>ks are wor? millions ( doll>s1 & _m are valu$ at a hundr$ ?\s& doll>s or m4 ,! own]%ip ( an adv]tis$ & favorably kn[n trade-m>k is1 !re=e1 a valuable prop]ty "r4 ,9 e/imat+ ! assets ( a bus9ess1 its trade-m>k is includ$ "u ! head ( ,good-,w1 & ,good-,w is ,reputation4 ,! value ( a trade-m>k is ! value ( ! reputation ( ! goods x repres5ts & id5tifies4 ,a valuable trade-m>k--l o!r valuable ?+s--becomes1 soon] or lat]1 an object ( envy on ! "p ( ^? :o want money )\t tr\bl+ !mselves ab\t ! mann] ( gett+ x4 ,sometimes ?is leads to a m or less +5i\s simulation ( a trade-m>k4 ,! rem$y = ! infr+em5t ( a regi/]$ trade-m>k is cov]$ by sections #af to #ai1 inclusive1 ( ! ,act ( #aije4 ,we quote ^! sections ( ! law3 ,sec4 #af4 ,t ! regi/ration ( a trade-m>k "u ! provisions ( ?is act %all be prima facie evid5ce ( own]%ip4 ,any p]son :o %all1 )\t ! cons5t ( ! own] !re(1 reproduce1 c\nt]feit1 copy1 or colorably imitate any su* trade-m>k & affix ! same to m]*&ise ( sub/antially ! same descriptive prop]ties z ^? set =? 9 ! regi/ration1 or to labels1 signs1 pr9ts1 packages1 wrapp]s1 or receptacles int5d$ to be us$ ^u or 9 connection ) ! sale ( m]*&ise ( sub/antially ! same descriptive prop]ties z ^? set =? 9 su* regi/ration1 & %all use1 or %all h us$1 su* reproduction1 c\nt]feit1 copy or colorable imitation 9 comm]ce among ! sev]al /ates1 or ) a =eign nation1 or ) ! ,indian tribes1 %all be liable to an action = damages !re= at ! suit ( ! own] !re(2 & :5ev] 9 any su* action a v]dict is r5d]$ = ! pla9tiff1 ! c\rt may ent] judgm5t !re9 = any sum above ! am\nt f\nd by ! v]dict z ! actual damages1 accord+ to ! circum/ances ( ! case1 n exce$+ ?ree times ! am\nt ( su* v]dict1 toge!r ) ! co/s4 ,sec4 #ag4 ,t ! ,circuit & ,t]ritorial ,c\rts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia %all h orig9al jurisdiction1 & ! ,circuit ,c\rts ( ,appeal ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! ,c\rt ( ,appeals ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia %all h appellate jurisdiction ( all suits at law or 9 equity respect+ trade-m>ks regi/]$ 9 accordance ) ! provisions ( ?is act1 aris+ "u ! pres5t act1 )\t reg>d to ! am\nt 9 controv]sy4 ,sec4 #ah4 ,t writs ( c]tior>i may be grant$ by ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ! review ( cases aris+ "u ?is act 9 ! same mann] z provid$ = pat5t cases by ! act creat+ ! ,circuit ,c\rt ( ,appeals4 ,sec4 #ai4 ,t ! sev]al c\rts ve/$ ) jurisdiction ( cases aris+ "u ! pres5t act %all h p[] to grant injunctions1 accord+ to ! c\rse & pr9ciples ( equity1 to prev5t ! violation ( any "r ( ! own] ( a trade-m>k regi/]$ "u ?is act1 on su* t]ms z ! c\rt may deem reasonable2 & ^u a decree be+ r5d]$ 9 any su* case = wrongful use ( a trade-m>k ! compla9ant %all be entitl$ to recov]1 9 addition to ! pr(its to be acc\nt$ = by ! def5dant1 ! damages ! compla9ant has su/a9$ !reby1 & ! c\rt %all assess ! same or cause ! same to be assess$ "u its direction4 ,! c\rt %all h ! same p[] to increase su* damages1 9 its discretion1 z is giv5 by section sixte5 ( ?is act = increas+ damages f\nd by v]dict 9 actions ( law2 & 9 assess+ pr(its ! pla9tiff %all be requir$ to prove def5dant's sales only2 def5dant mu/ prove all elem5ts ( co/ :i* are claim$4 ,! legal rem$ies set =? 9 ^! sections ( ! ,act ( #aije apply only 9 case ( infr+em5ts ( regi/]$ trade-m>ks4 ,9 ! case ( infr+em5ts ( common law trade-m>ks1 & 9 cases :]e packages1 labels & adv]tisem5ts are imitat$ or c\nt]feit$1 actions to re/ra9 mu/ be br\ght "u ! law ( unfair trade4 ,a co9$ ^w is ! prop]ty1 9 a comm]cial s5se1 ( ! p]son1 or firm1 or corporation1 t makes x up & uses x4 ,?is is indisputable4 ,x is a pr9ciple ( ju/ice t is support$ consi/5tly by ! c\rts1 b x ne$s no legal m9d to acquiesce 9 its fairness1 = x appeals to ev]ybody's common-s5se4 ,h[ f> ! use ( a co9$ ^w may be all[$1 :5 appli$ by o!r p]sons ?an its own]s to goods ( a diff]5t & non-competitive class1 is a "q t has n be5 def9itely settl$4 ,9 ,engl&1 ! c\rt enjo9$ ! use ( ! ^w ,kodak z a "n = bicycles4 ,!re is little d\bt t ! unau?oriz$ use ( any widely-kn[n co9$ ^w1 t has be5 nationally adv]tis$1 w\ld be enjo9$ by ! c\rts1 ev5 if appli$ to a :olly diff]5t l9e ( m]*&ise4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,adv]tis+ ,symbols ( ,railroads ,illu/ration ,,canadian ,,pacific ,,railway ,burl+ton ,r\te ,,new ,,york ,,c5tral ,,l9es ,,nor!rn ,,pacific ,a railroad _c h a trade-m>k 9 ! true s5se1 inasmu* z ! bus9ess ( transportation produces no product to :i* a trade-m>k c be affix$4 ,! adv]tis+ symbols ( railroads /& 9 ! relation ( trade-m>ks1 & are protect$ by ! common law aga9/ infr+em5t4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,a poorly-made & inf]ior article1 ev5 if x %\ld belong to a class ( goods q dissimil> to t ( ano!r article ( ! same "n1 might indirectly br+ discr$it ^u ! latt]4 ,! ^w ,educator 0 refus$ regi/ration z a trade-m>k = fi%1 on ! gr\nd t z x _h already be5 regi/]$ z a trade-m>k = a br& ( biscuits1 its use by ano!r might lead to confusion1 al?\gh fi% & biscuits are q dissimil> products4 ,!re h be5 cases :]e a label1 or a sign1 or a trade-"n1 or trade-m>k1 has be5 appropriat$ bodily by a conc]n n entitl$ to use x4 ,"s cases ( infr+em5t ( ?is "* are giv5 9 ,h4 ,d4 ,nims' in/ructive book on ,unfair ,bus9ess ,competition1 f :i* ! foll[+ example is quot$3 ,! def5dants accumulat$ 9 ! ,/4 ,l\is m>ket /oves 7n made by pla9tiff7 ) ! "n ',*>t] ,oak' ^u !m1 :i* !y held = sale z ',*>t] ,oak ,/oves4' ,!y 7 aw>e ( ! pla9tiff's proprietor%ip ( ! ',*>t] ,oak' trade-m>k1 & 7 proce$+ to sell 9 defiance ( ! pla9tiff's rights4 ,pla9tiff _h be5 ! fir/ to use ',*>t] ,oak' z a "n ( a /ove & _h us$ x = a long "t :5 ?is suit 0 begun4 ,! m>k 0 n regi/]$4 ,injunction grant$4 ,filley v ,fassett1 7#dd ,mo4 #afh--ahfi74 ,infr+em5ts are g5]ally m subtle & clev] ?an a m]e bodily adoption ( a trade-m>k4 ,= in/ance1 a piratical trade-m>k may be devis$ s ne>ly l a well-kn[n m>k t x w readily deceive an unw>y or c>eless or ignorant pur*as]1 & yet be s diff]5t t a %[ ( def5d+ x may be made4 ,or1 an entirely diff]5t trade-m>k may be us$1 :ile ! size1 %ape & color ( ! package may be imitat$4 ,! ,national ,biscuit ,company uses di/9ctive packages = its products1 & its trade-m>ks are1 9 mo/ cases1 orig9al1 arbitr>y1 co9$ words1 yet x has s f> prosecut$ approximately five hundr$ suits = infr+em5t ( its m>ks & packages4 ,une$a ,biscuit has be5 infr+$ by ,iwanta ,biscuit1 ,uwanta ,biscuit & ,ulika ,biscuit1 all ( :i* 7 enjo9$4 ,9 ! ,iwanta case1 ! op9ion ( ! c\rt 01 9 "p1 z foll[s3 ,def5dants pres5t ! usual volum9\s bundle ( affidavits by p]sons 9 ! trade to ! effect t 9 _! op9ion no "o is likely to mi/ake def5dant's biscuit = compla9ant's4 ,z has be5 po9t$ out be=e1 x makes no diff]5ce t deal]s 9 ! article are n deceiv$4 ,no "o expects t !y w be4 ,x is ! probable exp]i5ce ( ! consum] t ! c\rt consid]s4 ,"h1 too1 we h ! manufactur] ( ! articles compla9$ (1 :o expla9s1 z usual1 t 9 adopt+ a trade-"n by :i* to id5tify 8 own product he has be5 mo/ c>eful n to trespass ^u any rights ( compla9ant1 & t1 aft] consid]able ?\ght1 he select$ a "n :i* %\ld make ! diff]5ce betwe5 8 goods & compla9ant's di/9ct & pla91 s t !re c\ld be no possibility ( mi/ake4 ,x is a curi\s fact t s _m manufactur]s ( propriet>y articles1 :5 confront$ ) "s well-adv]tis$ trade-"n or m>k ( a rival manufactur]1 seem to f9d _! inv5tive faculties s s+ul>ly unresponsive to _! ef=ts to diff]5tiate4 ,?us1 9 "o case1 ) ! ^w ',cottol5e' be=e him1 def5dant's be/ ef=t at diff]5tiation result$ 9 ',cottoleo'2 & ',mongolia' seem$ to ano!r def5dant entirely unlike ',magnolia'4 ,! manufactur] ( ! articles :i* def5dants 9 ! case at b> are sell+ seems to h _h no bett] luck1 =1 ) ! ^w ',une$a' be=e him1 8 device to avoid confusion 0 ! adoption ( ! ^w ',iwanta'4 ,! incessant use ( ! p]sonal pron\ns 9 daily spee* has associat$ 9 e "o's m9d ! s\nds repres5t$ by ! lett] ',i' & ',u'1 ! two words are ( precisely ! same l5g?2 bo? end ) ! lett] ',a'1 & bo? express ! same idea1 namely1 t ! prospective pur*as]'s p]sonal com=t w\ld be promot$ by ! acquisition ( a biscuit4444 ,bo? "n & dress are cle>ly calculat$ to mislead1 & ! /atem5ts t bo? 7 adopt$ ) an eye s+le to diff]5tiation /ra9 ! cr$ulity ( ! c\rt beyond ! break+ po9t4 ,9 ! case ( ,lev] ,bros4 v ,smi? 7#aab ,f$4 ,r4 #iih71 ! compla9ant _h built up a l>ge & pr(itable sale = ,welcome soap4 ,! def5dant1 ,welcome ,a4 ,smi?1 put on ! m>ket a soap simil> 9 size & %ape to ,welcome soap1 & label$ x ) 8 own "n ,welcome ,a4 ,smi?1 mak+ ! ^w ,welcome on 8 labels l>ge & prom95t1 ) ,a & ,smi? bel[ x1 & 9 mu* small] type4 ,on ! ends ( ! package ! ^w ,welcome alone appe>$4 ,x 0 held t :ile ,smi? _h a "r to use 8 own "n1 he c\ld n use x 9 su* a way t x w\ld sugge/ an id5tity betwe5 ^! two products4 ,illu/ration3 ,dioxog5 ,! trade-m>k ( a widely adv]tis$ h\sehold necessity4 ,9 ! case ( ,swift v ,br5n] 7#abe ,f$4 ,r4 #hbf7 x 0 held t ,swift ,company's ,old ,mill ,soap :i* _h a picture ( an old mill on ! label1 0 infr+$ by ,old ,/one ,mill ,soap1 ! label ( :i* also _h a picture ( an old mill4 ,9 ! int]e/+ case ( ! ,welsba* ,light ,company v ,adam 7#ajg ,f$4 ,r4 #dfc7 x 0 %[n t ! infr++ trade-m>k _h be5 devis$ be=e ! compla9ant's m>k1 b _h n be5 us$ until aft] ! compla9ant's m>k _h be5 regi/]$4 ,on ,feb4 #bj1 #aijj1 ! compla9ant 7,! ,welsba* ,light ,company7 regi/]$ ! co9$ ^w ,yusea1 z a trade-m>k appli$ to gas mantles4 ,"s mon?s be=e ?is1 ! def5dant _h conceiv$ ! "n ,u--,c--,a ) ! idea ( us+ x 9 connection ) gas mantles ( 8 own manufacture4 ,its actual use z a trade-m>k 0 n begun1 h[ev]1 until aft] ! compla9ant's m>k _h be5 regi/]$4 ,on ,oct4 #bc1 #aijj1 ! def5dant regi/]$ ,u--,c--,a z a trade-m>k4 ,illu/ration3 ,huyl]'s ,?is m>k /&s = quality 9 confection]y4 ,! compla9ant bas$ 8 action = an injunction aga9/ ! use by ! def5dant ( ! m>k1 ,u--,c--,a on ! gr\nd t its resemblance 9 s\nd to ,yusea 0 suffici5t to confuse buy]s & div]t trade f ! compla9ant4 ,x 0 %[n t ,yusea is commonly pron\nc$ ,y see a2 t pur*as]s1 9 ask+ deal]s = ^! mantles1 call$ !m ,y ,see ,a ,mantles2 & t ! pronunciation ( ! "n ( def5dant's mantles 0 ! same z ! "n ( compla9ant's products4 ,! def5dant cont5d$ t !re 0 no simil>ity 9 appe>ance 9 ! two names2 t ! simil>ity 9 s\nd 0 only incid5tal2 t !re 0 no infr+em5t1 because ! "n ,u--,c--,a _h be5 devis$ prior to ! conception ( ,yusea2 & t ! regi/ration ( ,u--,c--,a1 all[$ by ! ,pat5t ,(fice1 0 pro( ( dissimil>ity4 ,! ,c\rt su/a9$ ! cont5tion ( ! ,welsba* ,light ,company1 & ! use ( ,u--,c--,a z a trade-m>k = gas mantles 0 enjo9$ on ! gr\nd t x 0 an infr+em5t ( ,yusea4 ,:]e !re is a casual resemblance1 n suffici5tly m>k$ to deceive a p]son ( ord9>y judgm5t1 !re is held to be no infr+em5t4 ,a case 9 po9t 0 %[n 9 ! cont5tion betwe5 ! manufactur]s ( ! well-kn[n #c 9 #a ,oil & ! own]s ( a simil> product call$ ,big ,f\r4 ,! #c 9 #a label be>s a l>ge figure #a 9 r$1 enclos+ ! figure #c & ! ^w 94 ,! def5dant's label 0 ( diff]5t size1 0 pr9t$ p>tly 9 r$ & p>tly 9 black1 & 0 head$ ,big ,f\r4 ,! figure #d 9 black 0 display$ prom95tly on a r$ backgr\nd4 ,no infr+em5t4 ,a trade-m>k may be held to infr+e ano!r trade-m>k already e/abli%$1 ev5 if x has no simil>ity 9 s\nd or to ! eye1 b if !re is a close simil>ity 9 ideas4 ,?is is exemplifi$ by a case rec5tly1 be=e ! ,f$]al c\rt = ! ,s\!rn di/rict ( ,new ,york4 ,! words ,beats-,all h be5 us$ = a numb] ( ye>s z a trade-m>k = p5cils4 ,! own]s ( ! ,beats-,all trade-m>k appli$ = an injunction aga9/ ! use ( ,knox-,all z a trade-m>k = p5cils sold by a rival conc]n4 ,! def5dant cont5d$ t ,beats-,all 0 a descriptive t]m1 indicat+ sup]iority1 &1 z su*1 x c\ld n be protect$ z a trade-m>k4 ,! compla9ant prov$ t he _h us$ ! m>k ,beats-,all = _m ye>s1 & t1 :ile x 0 orig9ally descriptive1 long usage _h giv5 x a second>y mean+4 ,he also %[$ t he _h regi/]$ ?is trade-m>k "u ! t5 ye>s' clause4 ,! c\rt held t ! regi/ration ( ! m>k "u ! t5 ye>s' clause remov$ x f ! class ( descriptive phrases--9 o!r words1 t regi/ration "u ! t5 ye>s' clause 0 a prima facie evid5ce ( validity4 ,! def5dant claim$1 t 9 any case1 ,knox-,all 0 s dissimil> to ! e> & eye1 !re 0 no infr+em5t ( ,beats-,all4 ,?is view 0 n su/a9$ by ! c\rt1 :i* held t a close simil>ity ( ideas 0 suffici5t to con/itute infr+em5t4 ,f ^!1 & o!r cases1 x may be se5 t a "q ( :e!r a trade-m>k has be5 infr+$ is sometimes a "q ( psy*ology4 ,x is n necess>y = ! compla9ant to produce evid5ce t buy]s h be5 actually deceiv$4 ,8 case is e/abli%$ :5 he c %[ t ! m>ks1 or symbols1 or packages1 or g5]al get-up ( ! goods are suffici5tly simil> to e/abli% a /rong probability ( deception4 ,! case ( ,%aw ,/ock+ ,company v ,mack 7#ba ,blat* #a--ahhb4 ,c4 ,c4 ,n4 ,y471 cit$ by ,mr4 ,nims1 is an example ( infr+em5t t seems to fall )9 ! range ( psy*ological analysis4 ,compla9ant manufactur$ at ,l[ell hosi]y ( high reputation & designat$ "o /yle by ! figures '#hcj'4 ,! label bore ! trade-m>k ',%awknit' 9 script ) a fl\ri% & ! words ',seamless ,half ,hose1' ) ! "n ( ! manufactur] & ! figures '#hcj4' ,def5dants at ,albany b\ght l>ge quantities ( compla9ant's goods & ) compla9ant's cons5t1 9 effect1 held !mselves out to ! public z sell+ ag5ts ( compla9ant's4 ,!y !n began to buy ( a ,connecticut manufactur] goods simil> to compla9ant's '#hcj' /yle1 b inf]ior1 & sold !m "u a label g5]ally resembl+ compla9ant's 9 appe>ance & be>+ ! ^w ',seamless' 9 script ( a simil> /yle1 includ+ ! fl\ri%1 foll[$ by ! words ',half ,hose1 ,d\ble ,heels1' ) def5dant's "n & address1 & ! figures '#hcj4' ,! c\rt enjo9$ !m f us+ ! figures '#hcj' to designate ! ,connecticut goods1 & f us+ on ! label ! ^w ',seamless1' pr9t$ 9 imitation ( ,%awknit4 ,9 ! case giv5 above !re 0 no infr+em5t ( ! actual trade-m>k4 ,b ! int5t to deceive pur*as]s 0 %[n by ! use ( ! /yle numb] #hcj & by ! c>eful imitation ( ! g5]al appe>ance4 ,well-in=m$ cu/om]s1 look+ = ! trade-m>k ,%awknit1 w\ld n h be5 deceiv$1 b ! probability ( deceiv+ ! un9=m$ & c>eless 0 suffici5t to ju/ify ! injunction4 ,x %\ld be kept 9 m9d t ! t]m infr+em5t cov]s n only ! imitation ( a te*nical trade-m>k1 9 :ole or 9 "p1 b embraces all violations ( ! rights ( o!rs1 9 trade1 no matt] :e!r su* violations fall "u ! trade-m>k law1 or ! law ( unfair competition4 ,! not$ case ( ,mc,lean v ,flem+ 7#if ,u4 ,s4 #bde--ahgg7 decid$ 9 #ahgg1 is "o ( ! cases t und]lie ! law ( unfair competition4 ,9 ?is case ! ,c\rt said3 ,nor is x necess>y1 9 ord] to give a "r to an injunction1 t a specific trade-m>k %\ld be infr+$2 b x is suffici5t t ! c\rt is satisfi$ t !re 0 an int5t on ! "p ( ! respond5t to palm (f 8 goods z ! goods ( ! compla9ant1 & t he p]si/s 9 do+ s aft] be+ reque/$ to desi/4 ,?is is ! gi/ ( ! :ole matt] ( infr+em5t4 ,if an ef=t to trade on ! reputation ( ano!r c be prov$1 irrespective ( ! =m ?is ef=t may take1 x is held to be an infr+em5t4 ,*att]-,box is an old-e/abli%$ publication = *ildr51 issu$ 9 ! =m ( an illu/rat$ book1 once a ye>4 ,x 0 held t ,*att]-,book1 a publication issu$ = ! same purpose1 & ( ! same g5]al appe>ance1 0 an infr+em5t4 ,a piano manufactur] by ! "n ( ,h5%aw plac$ ^u ! m>ket a piano call$ ! ,/e9b]g4 ,x 0 held by ! ,c\rt t ! "n ,/e9b]g 0 an infr+em5t ( ! "n ,/e9way1 :i* _h be5 long us$ z ! "n ( fam\s pianos4 ,illu/ration3 ,a trade-m>k t has a*iev$ great r5[n4 ,9 ! case ( ,johnson ,johnson v ,bau] ,black 7#hb ,f$4 ,r4 #ffb1 rev]s+ #gi ,f$4 ,r4 #ied7 x 0 held t ! compla9ant's m>k ( a r$ ,greek cross1 us$ on pla/]s1 0 infr+$ by ! def5dant's m>k ( a ,greek cross ) a r$ circle 9 ! c5t]1 conta9+ ! lett]s ,b ,b1 & us$ on ! same class ( goods4 ,a trade-m>k adopt$ = a pat5t$ article dur+ ! life ( ! pat5t1 is held to be descriptive ( ! article1 & ! "r to its exclusive use expires at ! expiration ( ! pat5t4 ,! import ( ?is f>-rea*+ trade-m>k doctr9e is illu/rat$ 9 ! celebrat$ ,s+] case4 ,! ,s+] ,manufactur+ ,company1 :5 ! pat5ts on its sew+ ma*9e 7 ab\t to expire1 adopt$ z a trade-m>k ! ^w ,s+] bl5d$ ) a device4 ,! effect ( ?is action1 if ! validity ( ! trade-m>k _h be5 su/a9$1 w\ld h be5 to p]petuate ! "r to ! exclusive use ( ! ^w ,s+] z appli$ to sew+ ma*9es4 ,9 ?is ev5t1 at ! expiration ( ! pat5ts1 any p]son w\ld h _h ! "r to manufacture ,s+] ma*9es1 b only ! ,s+] ,manufactur+ ,company w\ld h _h ! use ( ! "n ,s+]4 ,x 0 held by ! c\rts t ! "r to use ! "n ,s+]1 z appli$ to ma*9es ( ?is p>ticul> design1 became public prop]ty :5 ! pat5ts expir$4 ,! c\rt said1 9 ! case ( ,brill v ,s+] ,mfg4 ,co4 7#da ,ohio ,/473-- ,a pat5tee or 8 assignee1 by incorporat+ into 8 trade-m>k ! di/9ctive "n by :i* a pat5t$ ma*9e has become kn[n to ! public dur+ ! exi/5ce ( ! pat5t1 _c1 aft] ! expiration ( ! pat5t1 take away f ! public ! "r ( us+ su* "n4 ,! trade-m>k _c be made a guise = ext5d+ ! monopoly1 or prev5t+ ! "n f becom+1 ) ! pat5t1 ! prop]ty ( ! public4 ,b if ! trade-m>k is adopt$ & us$ be=e ! article is pat5t$1 ! exclusive "r to ! trade-m>k cont9ues aft] ! pat5t expires4 ,9 ?is case ! pat5t is second>y to ! trade-m>k1 & ! trade-m>k is held n to be descriptive4 ,! ^w ,gants 0 us$ z a trade-m>k on corsets = sev]al ye>s be=e ! article 0 pat5t$4 ,at ! expiration ( ! pat5t1 ano!r manufactur] began to make corsets ( ?is description1 call+ !m ,gants4 ,on ! %[+ ( ! pla9tiff t ! pat5t 0 subsequ5t to ! adoption ( ! trade-m>k1 ! def5dant 0 enjo9$ f us+ ! "n1 al?\gh !re 0 no?+ to prev5t him f cont9u+ to make corsets ( ?is description4 ,an individual has a "r to use 8 own "n 9 bus9ess transactions1 b he _c use x 9 a way t w deceive1 directly or by inf]5ce1 ^? :o buy 8 goods4 ,he _c use ! lik5ess ( 8 "n to t ( ano!r p>ty ( ! same "n = ! purpose ( trad+ on ! latt]'s e/abli%$ reputation4 ,?is pr9ciple ( equity is well illu/rat$ by ! legal cont5tions ov] ! "n ,bak]1 us$ z a trade-m>k = *ocolate4 ,= a hundr$ & ?irty-"o ye>s ! firm ( ,walt] ,bak] ,co41 & its pr$ecessors1 h manufactur$ *ocolate at ,dor*e/]1 ,mass4 ,= m ?an a g5]ation pa/1 ! firm has done bus9ess "u its pres5t "n4 ,bak]'s ,cocoa1 z ! pr9cipal product ( ! firm is popul>ly call$1 has a*iev$ great success4 ,?is national popul>ity ( ! "n ,bak] z appli$ to cocoa & *ocolates1 began1 "s ye>s ago1 to attract o!r p]sons by ! "n ( ,bak]4 ,"o ( ! ,bak]s--a ,william ,h4--began to manufacture *ocolate 9 ,w9*e/]1 ,va41 9 #ahid1 & put x on ! m>ket1 label$ ,w4 ,h4 ,bak] ,co4 ,at t "t ! products ( ,walt] ,bak] ,co4 7 label$ ,w4 ,bak] ,co4 ,x c be se5 t ! sub/itution ( ,w4 ,h4 ,bak] ,co4's goods = ^? ( ,walt] ,bak] ,co41 0 an easy matt] = any retail] :o want$ to d x4 ,! packages 7 mu* alike4 ,! retail] made a l>g] pr(it on ! product ( ,w4 ,h4 ,bak] ,co4 ,illu/ration3 ,,la ,,belle ,,*ocolati,,re ,! ,walt] ,bak] ,package 7,front7 ,walt] ,bak] ,co4 su$ ,w4 ,h4 ,bak] 9 ! ,f$]al ,c\rt 9 ,virg9ia1 & at ! same "t began a suit aga9/ ,w4 ,h4 ,bak]'s ,new ,york ag5t1 ,s&]s1 to prev5t _! use ( ! "n ,bak] or ! firm "n1 ,bak] ,co4 ,9 ! ,virg9ia suit1 ! op9ion ( ! c\rt 0 t :ile ,w4 ,h4 ,bak] _h a "r to use ! "n ,bak]1 x be+ 8 own "n1 he c\ld n use x 9 connection ) ! sale ( cocoa or *ocolate unless he made a di/9ction betwe5 x & ! "n ( ,walt] ,bak] ,co4 :i* w\ld be easily obs]v$ by cu/om]s4 ,! nature ( ! requir$ di/9ction 0 n specifi$ by ?is c\rt4 ,9 ! suit 9 ! ,f$]al ,c\rt = ! ,s\!rn ,di/rict ( ,new ,york aga9/ ,s&]s1 ! ,new ,york ag5t ( ,w4 ,h4 ,bak]1 ! c\rt's decision 0 ess5tially ! same z t ( ! ,f$]al ,c\rt 9 ,virg9ia4 ,! ,new ,york c\rt specifi$1 h[ev]1 t ! def5dant %\ld put 9 conspicu\s lett]+ on 8 packages ^! words3 ,w4 ,h4 ,bak] is di/9ct f & has no connection ) ! old *ocolate manufactory ( ,walt] ,bak] ,company4 ,illu/ration3 ,e/abli%$ #aghj ,,walt] ,,bak] ,,co4 ,,ltd4 ,,breakfa/ ,,cocoa4 ,,dor*e/]1 ,,mass ,! ,walt] ,bak] ,package 7,back7 ,?is suit _h be5 settl$ a ye> or two1 :5 9 ,new ,york1 ano!r ,bak]--,william ,p4--began to sell a ,bak]'s ,*ocolate4 ,suit be+ br\ght to enjo9 him by ,walt] ,bak] ,co41 x 0 decid$ by ! c\rt t he mu/ n use ! "n ,bak] alone1 or ,w4 ,bak]4 ,he 0 all[$ to use 8 own "n if spell$ 9 full1 ,william ,phillips ,bak]1 or he might use a middle initial--,william ,p4 ,bak]--& he 0 direct$ to /ate on 8 labels t 8 goods 7 made & sold by ,william ,p4 ,bak]1 ( ,new ,york4 ,! cont5tions ( ! v>i\s ,bak]s 7 /ill$ & ! mantle ( peace lay ^u !m = a %ort space4 ,!n1 z ! record %[s1 a ,william ,h4 ,bak]1 ( ,syracuse1 felt ! call+ ( *ocolate manufactur] /ir )9 him4 ,! ,william ,h4 ,bak] ( ,syracuse imitat$ ! packages & labels ( ! ,william ,h4 ,bak] ( ,w9*e/]1 ,va4 ,8 evid5t int5tion 0 to make x appe> t he 0 ! ,william ,h4 ,bak] :o _h be5 enjo9$ by ,walt] ,bak] ,co41 = he /at$ conspicu\sly on 8 label ,w4 ,h4 ,bak] is di/9ct f & has no connection ) ! old *ocolate manufactory ( ,walt] ,bak] ,co4 ,william ,h4 ,bak]1 ( ,w9*e/]1 ,va41 br\ght suit aga9/ ! ,syracuse ,bak] to prev5t him f us+ ! =m]'s label4 ,injunction 0 grant$1 b ! def5dant 0 p]mitt$ to use ! "n ,william ,h4 ,bak] if he pr9t$ ! "n ,syracuse conspicu\sly 9 connection ) x4 ,! suit ( ,royal ,bak+ ,p[d] ,co4 v ,royal 7#abb ,f$4 #ccg--aijc2 #eh ,c4 ,c4 ,a4 #dii-ejf71 deals ) ! controv]sy ( ?is well-kn[n bak+ p[d] conc]n ov] ! use ( ! "n ,royal on bak+ p[d] by an individual by ! "n ( ,royal4 ,! c\rt held t ,royal c\ld make & sell bak+ p[d] "u 8 own "n1 b to prev5t confusion he %\ld n place 8 "n on ! front label1 & t he %\ld make x inconspicu\s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ju/ice ,,br& ,,cocoa ,,william ,h4 ,,bak] ,,syracuse1 ,,inc4 ,,new ,,york ,,city ,! package n[ us$ by ,william ,h4 ,bak]1 ( ,syracuse1 ,inc4 ,f a consid]ation ( ^! cases1 & _m o!rs :]e ! same issue 0 involv$1 ! pr9ciple may be def9itely e/abli%$ t1 :ile c\rts w n prev5t an individual f us+ 8 "n altoge!r1 !y w re/rict ! mann] ( its use :5 !re is %[n an int5tion to trade on ano!r's reputation4 ,x is a settl$ pr9ciple ( law t a compla9ant mu/ appe> 9 a c\rt ( equity ) clean h&s4 ,9 o!r words1 an ess5tial misrepres5tation ( a compla9ant's goods1 by means ( 8 trade-m>k1 or on 8 labels1 or ?r\gh adv]tisem5ts1 is a b> aga9/ 8 action = relief f infr+em5t4 ,"o ,flavel made & sold a /ove "u ! "n ,flavel's ,pat5t ,kit*5]4 ,! def5dant1 ,h>rison1 began to make & sell ano!r /ove "u ! same "n4 ,flavel su$ to enjo9 ,h>rison1 b an injunction 0 d5i$ :5 x 0 %[n t ,flavel's /ove 0 n pat5t$1 al?\gh its "n w\ld lead "o to believe t x 0 made "u a pat5t4 ,9 ano!r case1 ! mak]s ( a toilet prep>ation kn[n z ,! ,balm ( a ,?\s& ,fl[]s br\ght suit to enjo9 ano!r p>ty f sell+ a simil> prep>ation "u ! "n ( ,! ,balm ( ,t5 ,?\s& ,fl[]s4 ,! compla9ant's motion to enjo9 0 d5i$1 :5 x 0 %[n 9 c\rt t 8 ,balm ( a ,?\s& ,fl[]s did n conta9 ! balm ( any fl[] :atsoev]--9 fact1 0 n a balm at all1 b a soap--& t its *ief +r$i5ts 7 oil & alcohol4 ,x 0 held t ! trade-m>k 0 deceitful & compla9ant's motion 0 d5i$4 ,fetridge v ,wells 7#d ,a #ff ,pr4 #add2 ,b4 ,h[4 ,pr4 #che74 ,! infr+em5t ( trade-names & trade-m>ks 9 mo/ classes ( m]*&ise is relatively infrequ5t comp>$ ) ! ext5sive sub/itution1 infr+em5t & c\nt]feit+ t are cont9ually go+ on 9 ! liquor1 w9e1 cig> & alli$ trades4 ,?is _h become an evil ( su* =midable proportions t 9 #aijd an organization "u ! title ( ! ,trade-,m>k ,protective ,company 0 =m$ to run d[n & prosecute (f5d]s4 ,! cli5ts ( ?is company are mo/ly import]s & produc]s ( :iskies1 w9es1 olive oils1 cordials1 cig>ettes & cig>s4 ,! company has a /aff ( skill$ detectives1 :o are always at "w look+ = imitators & c\nt]feit]s ( ! goods ( ! company's cli5ts4 ,aft] secur+ evid5ce ( an infr+em5t ! company und]takes ! prosecution ( ! (f5d]s4 ,! me?ods ( ! ,trade-,m>k ,protective ,company 9 prosecut+ infr+]s & c\nt]feit]s are ( ! k9d t inspire evil-do]s ) t]ror z well z respect4 ,9 _m cases ! bottles1 or packages1 & labels--includ+ trade-m>ks--h be5 c\nt]feit$ s p]fectly1 & 9 su* detail1 t exp]t bottle-mak]s & li?ograph]s 7 requir$ z witnesses to %[ ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! spuri\s & ! g5u9e4 ,an acc\nt ( a few ( ! cases prosecut$ by ! ,trade-,m>k ,protective ,company are giv5 "h = ! purpose ( %[+ ! me?ods ( ?is class ( deal]s 9 spuri\s goods4 ,"o ,"y1 do+ bus9ess z ! ,c9c9nati ,di/ill+ ,company 0 f\nd us+ c\nt]feits ( ! labels ( ! ,wilson ,di/ill+ ,company4 ,he 0 tri$1 convict$1 & s5t5c$ to six mon?s 9 ! workh\se & to pay a f9e ( #cjj4 ,a cig> deal]1 :5 ask$ by cu/om]s = ! well-kn[n ,romeo & ,juliet cig>1 :i* be>s a label read+ ,romeo y ,julieta1 sold an imitation be>+ a label on :i* ! words ,romeo1 el ,amante de ,julietta appe>$--! words ,romeo & ,julietta be+ 9 l>ge type4 ,! cig>s be>+ ?is label 7 seiz$1 & ! deal] 0 re/ra9$ f sell+ any ,romeo & ,juliet cig> :i* did n be> ! g5u9e label4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,illu/ration ,,aw>d$ ,,= ,,boo?',s ,,old ,,tom ,,boo? ,,co4 ,,sup]ior ,,old ,,tom ,,g9 ,,london ,g5u9e ,old ,tom ,g9 ,illu/ration ,,b>tlett ,,co4 ,,sup]ior ,,old ,,tom ,,g9 ,,london ,,bew>e ,,( ,,imitations ,,none ,,g5u9e ,,except ,,:5 ,,9 ,,glass ,,/opp] ,,bottles1 ,,& ,,) ,,our ,,signature ,,on ,,label4 ,spuri\s ,old ,tom ,g9 ,reproduc$ by c\rtesy ( ,trade-,m>k ,protective ,company4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,on ?is page are %[n pictures ( two bottles1 ea* label$ ,old ,tom ,g94 ,! bottle ) ! spuri\s label1 %[n on ! "r1 is id5tical 9 size & %ape ) ! g5u9e bottle4 ,! labels are s mu* alike1 9 design & color+1 t "o w\ld easily pass = ! o!r on casual1 c>eless inspection4 ,^u obta9+ ! requisite evid5ce ! spuri\s /ock 0 seiz$1 & ! use ( ! imitation label 0 enjo9$4 ,9 ! case ( ! own]s ( ,ed\>d ,p]nod's ,abs9! aga9/ ,john ,b4 ,van ,op/al & o!rs x 0 %[n t ! def5dants 7 sell+ an imitation ( ,p]nod's ,abs9! "u ! fictiti\s "n ( ,a]nod's ,abs9!1 rely+ ^u ! simil>ity 9 s\nd to deceive pur*as]s4 ,9 ?is case ! label ( ! g5u9e ,p]nod 0 closely imitat$ 9 design & color1 & second-h& ,p]nod bottles 7 us$4 ,! def5dants be+ br\ght into c\rt1 a judgm5t & injunction 0 ent]$ aga9/ !m4 ,on ! next page are two ,*>treuse labels4 ,! "o on ! "r1 be>+ ! "n ,g>ni] is g5u9e4 ,! labels 7 exactly ! same size & color4 ,! infr++ label 0 s cle>ly an imitation t ! (f5d+ p>ty did n conte/ ! case1 b surr5d]$ ! imitation labels to ! ,trade-,m>k ,protective ,company1 & agre$ nev] to use !m aga94 ,s9ce ! expulsion ( ! ,*>treuse monks f ,france1 & _! settlem5t 9 ,spa91 !y h adopt$ a new label1 b ! orig9al label z %[n "h is also /ill us$ by !m4 ,!y h e/abli%$ _! "r to ! exclusive use ( ! "n ,*>treuse 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates by a suit rec5tly decid$ by ! ,supreme ,c\rt4 ,ref]5ce to ?is case has be5 made on page #ce ( ?is book4 ,9 ano!r case1 :]e an infr+em5t ( ,f]net ,branca ,bitt]s 0 prosecut$1 ! def5dant claim$ t he _h a "r to use ! "n1 z 8 p>tn] 0 nam$ ,branca1 & t ?is p>tn] 0 a skill$ work] 9 ! prep>ation ( bitt]s4 ,he 01 nev]!less1 re/ra9$ f us+ ! ,f]net ,branca "n on 8 labels4 ,mo/ ( ^! prosecutions are bas$ on ! law ( unfair trade1 b 9 "o case1 t ( ,petrotta1 accus$ ( sell+ c\nt]feit ,m>tell ,br&y & o!r liquors1 ! compla9ant f\nd$ 8 case on ! *>ge ( l>c5y4 ,he held t 9 sell+ spuri\s goods = g5u9e ! def5dant obta9$ money "u false pret5ces1 & 9 t respect he is l a p]son :o obta9s money on a wor?less *eck4 ,?is argum5t 0 upheld by ! c\rt1 & ,petrotta 0 s5t to prison = two ye>s4 ---------------------------------------- ------- ,labels reproduc$ by c\rtesy ( ,trade-,m>k ,protective ,company4 ,illu/ration ,,liqueur ,,fabriquee ,a ,,la ,,gde ,,*>treuse ,pre ,ago/9es ,pre ,ago/9es ,ag5t p\r le ,etats ,,unis et ,,canada ,new ,york ,infr+em5t ( ,*>treuse ,label ,illu/ration ,,liqueur ,,fabriquee ,a ,,la ,,gde ,,*>treuse ,l4 ,g>ni] ,l4 ,g>ni] ,,france ,ag5ts = ,unit$ ,/ates ,h,a,,batj] ,co4 #gg1 ,wat] ,/reet1 ,,new ,,york ,trade ,m>k ,no4 #cihi ,regi/]$ ,sep4 #ab?4 #ahgf 9 ! ,u4,s4 ,pat5t ,(fice at ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 ,g5u9e ,*>treuse ,label ---------------------------------------- ------- ,?is case is notable1 9 t x is ! fir/ case on record ( a conviction = l>c5y ( money obta9$ on a sale ( c\nt]feit goods4 ,! refill+ ( bottles is a specific (f5ce1 cov]$ by /atutes 9 "s ( ! /ates4 ,x is ne$less to say t x is extremely difficult to obta9 evid5ce ( refill+ t w convict4 ,9 ! case ( ! ,p v ,luhrs 7#aie ,n4 ,y41 #cgg71 9 :i* ! def5dant ,luhrs 0 *>g$ ) hav+ refill$ a ,wilson ,:iskey bottle1 he put 9 ! unusual def5ce t al?\gh he refill$ a ,wilson ,:iskey bottle1 he refill$ x ) ,wilson ,:iskey4 ,b ! ,new ,york p5al code /ates t x is unlawful to sell any goods :i* are repres5t$ to be ! manufacture ( any o!r p>ty ?an ! sell]1 unless su* goods are conta9$1 9 ! orig9al packages1 & "u ! labels1 m>ks or names pa/$ !reon by ! manufactur]4 ,! def5dant cont5d$ t ?is law 0 uncon/itutional1 because x prev5t$ him f sell+ 8 legitimate prop]ty 9 any way he *ose to sell x1 & ?us depriv$ him ( 8 prop]ty )\t due process ( law4 ,! c\rt did n accept ?is cont5tion1 z ! def5dant obvi\sly _h ! "r to sell ,wilson ,:iskey any way he might desire1 & at any price1 on ! condition t he did n sell x 9 a trade-m>k$ package t _h conta9$ o!r goods4 ,! trade-m>k c]tifies bo? to ! manufacture & ! pack+ ( cont5ts4 ,by refill+ bottles1 ev5 ) ! same k9d ( goods1 ! deal] makes a false repres5tation1 z ! bottle w\ld n conta91 aft] refill+1 :at 0 orig9ally put 9 x4 ,infr+em5t by ,=eign]s ,?r\gh ,importation ,manufactur]s are protect$ aga9/ infr+em5t by =eign]s s5d+ goods be>+ infr++ trade-m>ks & labels to ! ,unit$ ,/ates by ,section #bg ( ! ,act ( #aije1 :i* is z foll[s3 ,t no article ( import$ m]*&ise :i* %all copy or simulate ! "n ( any dome/ic manufacture1 or manufactur] or trad]1 or ( any manufactur] or trad] locat$ 9 any =eign c\ntry :i*1 by treaty1 conv5tion1 or law af=ds simil> privileges to citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or :i* %all copy or simulate a trade-m>k regi/]$ 9 accordance ) ! provisions ( ?is act1 or %all be> a "n or m>k calculat$ to induce ! public to believe t ! article is manufactur$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or t x is manufactur$ 9 any =eign c\ntry or locality o!r ?an ! c\ntry or locality 9 :i* x is 9 fact manufactur$1 %all be admitt$ to entry at any cu/om-h\se ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 &1 9 ord] to aid ! (fic]s ( ! cu/oms 9 en=c+ ?is prohibition1 any dome/ic manufactur] or trad]1 & any =eign manufactur] or trad]1 :o is entitl$ "u ! provisions ( a treaty1 conv5tion1 decl>ation1 or agreem5t1 betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & any =eign c\ntry to ! advantages af=d$ by law to citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 respect to trade-m>ks & comm]cial names1 may require 8 "n & resid5ce1 & ! "n ( ! locality 9 :i* 8 goods are manufactur$1 & a copy ( ! c]tificate ( regi/ration ( 8 trade-m>k1 issu$ 9 accordance ) ! provisions ( ?is act1 to be record$ 9 books :i* %all be kept = ?is purpose 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,treasury1 "u su* regulations z ! ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury %all prescribe1 & may furni% to ! ,dep>tm5t facsimiles ( 8 "n1 ! "n ( ! locality 9 :i* 8 goods are manufactur$1 or ( 8 regi/]$ trade-m>k2 & !reupon ! ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury %all cause "o or m copies ( ! same to be transmitt$ to ea* collector or o!r prop] (fic] ( cu/oms4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,illu/ration ,)9 ,?is ,circle ,eighty-five millions ( p live )9 ?is circle4 ,x is ! great battle-gr\nd on :i* adv]tis+ campaigns are won or lo/4 ,9 ?is area are #db cities ( #ajj1jjj or m inhabitants1 & #afg o!r cities ) populations betwe5 #be1jjj & #ajj1jjj4 ,! ,j4 ,walt] ,?ompson ,company kn[s ?is t]ritory f actual contact ) ! buy+ public t lives 9 x4 ,our bran* (fices 9 ! great m]cantile c5t]s1 z %[n on ! map1 h be5 e/abli%$ = ! purpose ( /udy+ at fir/ h& ! conditions ( di/ribution & m]*&is+ t mu/ necess>ily figure ) great weight 9 any national adv]tis+ campaign4 ,we h bett] facilities = acquir+ practical sell+ in=mation ?an any o!r ag5cy 9 ,am]ica4 ,mo/ ( ! national adv]tis]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canada are )9 ?irty m9utes ( "o ( our eight (fices4 ,n9ety p] c5t ( national adv]tis]s are )9 two hundr$ miles ( a ,j4 ,w4 ,t4 (fice4 ,j4 ,,walt] ,,?ompson ,,company ,new ,york3 #dd ,ea/ #bcrd ,/reet ,bo/on3 #bja ,devon%ire ,/reet ,c9c9nati3 ,fir/ ,national ,bank ,bldg4 ,/4 ,l\is3 ,odd ,fell[s ,bldg4 ,*icago3 ,! ,rook]y ,clevel&3 ,swetl& ,bldg4 ,detroit3 ,truss$ ,concrete ,bldg4 ,toronto3 ,lumsd5 ,bldg4 ,london3 #cc ,b$=d ,/41 ,/r& ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,*apt] ,v ,assignm5t ,x is a fix$ pr9ciple ( ! law t a trade-m>k _c be assign$1 or transf]r$1 )\t a transf] ( ! bus9ess ) :i* x is associat$4 ,trade-m>ks indicate orig94 ,!y are intimately associat$ ) ! m]*&ise = :i* !y are regi/]$4 ,?is be+ a fundam5tal pr9ciple ( trade-m>k law1 x c be und]/ood t a trade-m>k _c pass f h& to h&1 & transf]r$ z a sep>ate ?+1 )\t los+ its real function z a trade-m>k4 ,! ,act ( #aije 7,section #aj7 provides t any regi/]$ trade-m>k may be assign$ 9 connection ) ! good-w ( ! bus9ess 9 :i* ! m>k is us$4 ,9 ! case ( ,mac,mahan ,ph>macal ,co4 v ,d5v] ,*emical ,mfg4 ,co4 7#aac ,f$4 ,r4 #dfh71 ! c\rt said3 ,a trade-m>k _c be assign$1 or its use lic5s$1 except z incid5tal to a transf] ( ! bus9ess or prop]ty 9 connection ) :i* x has be5 us$4 ,an assignm5t or lic5se )\t su* a transf] is totally inconsi/5t ) ! !ory ^u :i* ! value ( a trade-m>k dep5ds & its appropriation by an individual is p]mitt$4 ,! ess5tial value ( a trade-m>k is t x id5tifies to ! trade ! m]*&ise ^u :i* x appe>s z ( a c]ta9 orig91 or z ! prop]ty ( a c]ta9 p]son4444 ,disassociat$ f m]*&ise to :i* x prop]ly app]ta9s1 x lacks ! ess5tial *>act]i/ics :i* alone gives x value1 & becomes a false & deceitful designation4 ,!re is a silk fabric be>+ a ,radium trade-m>k1 & kn[n 9 ! trade1 & among consum]s z ,radium ,silk4 ,! manufactur]s ( ?is fabric1 ,! ,gilb]t ,manufactur+ ,company1 assign$ ?is trade-m>k 9 #aije to ano!r conc]n 7,eiseman ,company74 ,) ! trade-m>k !y turn$ ov] to ,eiseman ,company all ! manufactur$ & label$ goods !n 9 _! possession4 ,!reupon ! ,gilb]t ,company ceas$ to use ! trade-m>k1 b did n /op manufactur+ ! goods1 :i* !y put ^u ! m>ket "u ! "n ,electra4 ,x seems to h be5 und]/ood by ,eiseman ,company1 accord+ to ! evid5ce1 t ! ,gilb]t ,company 0 to cont9ue mak+ ! goods1 provid$ !y gave _! product "s o!r "n ?an ,radium4 ,z soon z ,eiseman ,company obta9$ ! assignm5t ( ! trade-m>k !y1 too1 began to manufacture ! fabric1 & sell x "u ! ,radium trade-m>k4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g5u9e ,,bull ,,durham ,,smok+ ,,tobacco ,,/&>d ,,( ,,! ,,_w ,a trade-m>k1 or an adv]tis+ "*1 or a cat* phrase1 may be s ?or\ghly adv]tis$ t x becomes bett] kn[n ?an ! commodity to :i* x applies4 ,a little ,new ,york girl1 age six1 :o _h h>dly pass$ a day ( h] "y life )\t see+ a f]oci\s ,durham bull gl>+ f billbo>ds & ! f5ces ( vacant lots1 gravely said to h] "m "o day3 ,mamma1 is all tobacco made f bulls8 ,n[ ! matt] comes into c\rt ?r\gh ! suit ( ,eiseman ,company to prev5t a ?ird manufactur] f us+ ! ,radium trade-m>k4 ,!y cont5d$ t ! assignm5t ( ! m>k to !m by its orig9al own]1 ,! ,gilb]t ,mfg4 ,co41 gave !m ! exclusive "r to its use4 ,! c\rt held t1 9 ! fir/ place1 ! assignm5t ( ! trade-m>k to ,eiseman ,company 0 invalid1 because x 0 n accompani$ by a transf] ( ! good-w2 9 ! second place1 ! fact t ! ,gilb]t ,company discont9u$ ! use ( ! trade-m>k1 con/itut$ an ab&onm5t4 ,injunction 0 d5i$4 ,9 ?is case1 ! c\rt said3 ,:5 a trad] has sold "s p>ticul> article "u a select$ "n to su* an ext5t z to secure regi/ration1 he has e/abli%$ a special bus9ess 9 :i* t trade-m>k is us$1 & if ! trade-m>k becomes s valuable z to induce him to sell x1 he mu/1 z a condition ( transf] "u ! /atute1 assign t special bus9ess ) ! trade-m>k ( :i* x 0 ! p>5t4 ,eiseman ,company1 !re=e1 acquir$ no rights "u ! alleg$ assignm5t1 :i* did n c>ry ! special bus9ess4 ,illu/ration3 ,,davol ,:ile ?is trade-m>k is simple1 x lacks attractiv5ess & euphony4 ,x is )\t di/9ction1 & is easily ov]look$ & =gott54 ,!re are exceptions1 h[ev]1 to ?is rule4 ,! nature ( ^! exceptions may be be/ %[n by cit+ a case--t ( ,wit?aus v ,braun 7#dd ,m>yl&--#ahge74 ,9 ?is case a tobacco deal]1 :o did n manufacture goods himself1 _h special br&s made = him by a manufactur]4 ,! tobacco deal] own$ ! br&s1 & m]ely hir$ ! manufactur] to make 8 goods4 ,! deal] assign$ to ! manufactur] all 8 smok+ tobacco br&s1 )\t transf]r+ any o!r "p ( 8 bus9ess4 ,x 0 held t 9 ?is case ! assignm5t 0 valid1 because ! orig9 ( ! goods _h n be5 *ang$ by ! transaction4 ,! same manufactur] cont9u$ to make ! tobacco1 ! only diff]5ce be+ t he n[ own$ ! bus9ess1 in/ead ( mak+ ! goods on contract4 ,! "r to use a trade-m>k id5tifi$ ) a bus9ess location may pass1 "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 to a pur*as] ( ! build+4 ,! pur*as] ( a hotel build+1 = example1 buys ) x ! "r to use its "n1 unless a specific /ipulation to ! contr>y is made4 ,a !atre build+ kn[n z ,boo?'s ,!atre 0 own$ & manag$ by "o ,boo?4 ,aft] sev]al ye>s ( occupancy1 he leas$ ! build+ to ano!r p]son1 :o proce$$ to give !atrical p]=mances !re4 ,9 8 adv]tisem5ts he ref]r$ to ! place z ,boo?'s ,!atre1 giv+ 8 own "n z lessee4 ,!reupon1 ,boo? attempt$ to enjo9 ?is use ( ! "n4 ,! c\rt held t ! "n pass$ ) ! lease ( ! build+4 ,9 cases :]e ! bus9ess is ( su* a p]sonal nature t ! trade-m>k or trade-"n is id5tifi$ 9 ! public m9d ) ! "w ( "s p>ticul> individual1 x is obvi\s t deception w\ld be practis$ if ! same id5tify+ m>k 7 us$ aft] t individual _h ceas$ 8 connection ) ! ent]prise4 ,9 su* cases1 !re c be no valid transf] ( ! trade-m>k ev5 ?\gh ! entire bus9ess1 includ+ good-w1 is sold4 ,su* a trade-m>k is p]sonal4 ,its use on goods indicates ! special knack or skill ( "s "o p]son4 ,! c\rts w protect ! pur*as] ( a bus9ess 9 ! use ( its trade-m>k or trade-"n aga9/ infr+em5t by ! =m] own]1 ev5 ?\gh ! trade-"n is t ( ! =m] own]4 ,?is pr9ciple is illu/rat$ 9 ! case ( ,j]g5s ,co4 v ,woodbury1 giv5 9 ! ,new ,york ,law ,j\rnal 7,nov4 #aijg74 ,! ,j]g5s ,company 0 ! sales ag5t ( ,john ,h4 ,woodbury1 ! celebrat$ d]matologi/1 9 ! sale ( ,woodbury's ,facial ,soap4 ,9 #aija ,woodbury assign$ ! bus9ess to ! compla9ant4 ,"u ! compla9ant's managem5t a l>ge & pr(itable sale = ! soap 0 e/abli%$4 ,illu/ration3 ,! fam\s ,woodbury trade-m>k4 ,9 #aijf1 ,woodbury />t$ to manufacture soap aga91 call+ 8 product ,woodbury's ,new ,sk9 ,soap4 ,?is product1 s f> z ! package or wrapp]s 7 conc]n$1 _h no resemblance to ! compla9ant's soap1 ! only po9t ( simil>ity be+ 9 ! "n4 ,9 a suit br\ght 9 ! ,new ,york ,supreme ,c\rt x 0 held by ! c\rt t !re 0 gr\nd = belief t ! public w\ld be misl$ by def5dant's use ( ! "n ,woodbury1 & he 0 accord+ly enjo9$4 ,?is case w5t up to ! ,c\rt ( ,appeals1 & t c\rt upheld ! decision ( ! l[] c\rt1 9 s f> z ! def5dant 0 re/ra9$ f us+ ! "n ,woodbury 9 connection ) ! sale ( soap 9 su* a way t ! public w\ld be l$ to believe t 8 product 0 ,woodbury's ,facial ,soap or a new br& !re(4 ,= ! assignm5t ( a trade-m>k no p>ticul> =m ( assignm5t is requir$ except x mu/ be 9 writ+4 ,! law provides t assignm5ts may be record$ 9 ! ,pat5t ,(fice4 ,if any assignm5t is n record$ )9 ?ree mon?s aft] its date1 x w be held void z aga9/ a subsequ5t pur*as] = valuable consid]ation4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,trade-,m>ks 9 ,canada ,trade-m>ks are regi/]$ 9 ,canada 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 ,! ,canadian law recognizes two k9ds ( trade-m>ks1 viz43 ,g5]al ,trade-m>ks & ,specific ,trade-m>ks4 ,^! two k9ds ( m>ks require sep>ate regi/rations4 ,a g5]al trade-m>k means a trade-m>k us$ 9 connection ) ! sale ( v>i\s articles 9 :i* a proprietor deals 9 8 trade1 bus9ess1 occupation or call+ g5]ally4 ,a specific trade-m>k means a trade-m>k us$ 9 connection ) ! sale ( a class ( m]*&ise ( a p>ticul> description4 ,illu/ration3 ,corticelli ,,spool ,,silk ,! ,corticelli kitt5 is bo? a trade-m>k & an adv]tis+ "*4 ,9 ?is respect ! ,canadian & ,am]ican trade-m>k laws diff] mat]ially4 ,! ,am]ican law does n recognize a g5]al trade-m>k--t is1 a trade-m>k applicable to any m]*&ise a manufactur] may produce1 irrespective ( its class4 ,an ,am]ican trade-m>k is regi/]$ = use 9 connection ) a specific product1 or = use 9 connection ) a class ( m]*&ise1 all ! units ( :i* h ! same g5]al descriptive qualities4 ,! specific trade-m>k ( ,canada corresponds closely to ! ,am]ican trade-m>k4 ,! ,canadian def9ition ( a trade-m>k is z foll[s3 ,all m>ks1 names1 labels1 br&s1 packages or o!r bus9ess devices1 :i* are adopt$ = use by any p]son 9 8 trade1 bus9ess1 occupation or call+1 = ! purpose ( di/+ui%+ any manufacture1 product or article ( any description manufactur$1 produc$1 comp\nd$1 pack$ or (f]$ = sale by him1 appli$ 9 any mann] :atev] ei!r to su* manufacture1 product or article1 or to any package1 p>cel1 case1 box or o!r vessel1 or receptacle ( any description :atsoev] conta9+ ! same1 %all1 = ! purposes ( ?is ,act1 be consid]$ & kn[n z trade-m>ks4 ,! ,trade-m>k ,act ( ,canada is m broad & lib]al ?an ! ,am]ican ,act1 z is %[n by ?is def9ition ( trade-m>ks4 ,n only are m>ks1 names1 labels & br&s consid]$ trade-m>ks1 b packages & o!r bus9ess devices are also includ$4 ,an applicant :o seeks to regi/] a trade-m>k mu/ /ate 9 8 application :e!r ! trade-m>k is int5d$ to be g5]al or specific4 ,if specific1 a description ( ! m]*&ise on :i* x is to be us$ mu/ be made a "p ( ! application4 ,a g5]al trade-m>k1 once regi/]$1 %all endure )\t limitation4 ,! regi/ration ( a specific trade-m>k expires 9 tw5ty-five ye>s1 b x may be r5ew$ at ! end ( t p]iod1 & s on f "t to "t4 ,! regi/ration fee = a g5]al trade-m>k is #cj4jj2 = a specific trade-m>k1 #be4jj4 ,! ,m9i/] ( ,agriculture may refuse to regi/] a trade-m>k = any "o ( ! foll[+ reasons3 #a/4 ,if he is n satisfi$ t ! applicant is und\bt$ly entitl$ to ! exclusive use ( su* trade-m>k4 #bnd4 ,if ! trade-m>k propos$ = regi/ration is id5tical ) or resembles a trade-m>k already regi/]$4 #crd4 ,if x appe>s t a trade-m>k is calculat$ to deceive or mislead ! public4 #d?4 ,if ! trade-m>k conta9s any immorality or sc&al\s figure4 #e?4 ,if ! s-call$ trade-m>k does n conta9 ! ess5tials necess>y to con/itute a trade-m>k1 prop]ly speak+4 ,! ess5tials necess>y to con/itute a trade-m>k are n def9$ by ! law1 an omission :i* means t ! ,engli% common law def9ition ( a valid trade-m>k1 z %[n by ! decisions ( ! c\rts1 mu/ be ! basis on :i* eligibility to regi/ration is bas$4 ,no m>k or symbol :i* has a designat+ or descriptive quality may be regi/]$4 ,:5 a descriptive ^w has be5 regi/]$1 ?r\gh error ( ! regi/r>1 x does n give ! own] ( ! m>k exclusive "r to its use4 ,z 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 regi/ration is only prima facie evid5ce ( validity4 ,illu/ration3 ,,am]ican ,,%eet ,,t9 ,,plate ,,co4 ,,apollo ,,be/ ,,bloom ,,trade ,,m>k ,,regi/]$ ,,pittsburgh ,a trade-m>k us$ on %eet t94 ,x is affix$ by /5cil+4 ,! "r to a trade-m>k belongs to ! fir/ us] ( ! m>k4 ,if x is regi/]$ by any o!r p]son ?an its fir/ us]1 ! regi/ration may be set aside z invalid ^u ! production ( pro( ( its prior use by any o!r p]son ?an ! regi/rant4 ,! law /ates t no p]son %all in/itute any proce$+ to prev5t ! infr+em5t ( any trade-m>k1 unless su* trade-m>k is regi/]$ 9 pursuance ( ?is act4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trade ,,ela/ica ,,m>k ,,floor ,,f9i% ,a well-adv]tis$ trade-m>k4 ,?is provision ( ! law w\ld seem to exclude actions bas$ on ! common law1 b 9 practice ! ,canadian c\rts take cognizance ( ! doctr9e ( unfair trade4 ,! prime requisite ( regi/ration be=e infr+em5t proce$+s c be in/itut$ m]ely makes ! mode ( proc$ure diff]5t f t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! compla9ant mu/ get 8 trade-m>k regi/]$ be=e he beg9s 8 suit aga9/ ! infr+em5t4 ,if ! m>k alleg$ to infr+e has already be5 regi/]$1 ! pla9tiff moves to set ! regi/ration aside z invalid1 & h 8 own m>k regi/]$ in/ead ( x4 ,a circul> conta9+ ! full provisions ( ! ,canadian law1 ) directions & =ms = mak+ an application = regi/ration1 may be obta9$ by any p]son :o w write = x to ! ,m9i/] ( ,agriculture1 ,ottawa1 ,canada4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,h[ to ,devise a ,trade-,m>k ,a ,trade-m>k may be a ^w1 or words2 or a device2 or a device comb9$ ) a ^w or words4 ,x is (t5 consid]$ desirable to regi/] ! "n ( a product z a trade-m>k4 ,consequ5tly1 9 ! case ( new products1 ! selection ( a trade-m>k (t5 means ! selection ( a "n = ! m]*&ise ) :i* ! trade-m>k is to be us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,crex ,grass ,furniture ,,trade ,,m>k ,a famili> & excell5t example ( a co9$ ^w us$ z a trade-m>k4 ,a trade-m>k1 to be valid1 %\ld n h any mean+ obvi\sly descriptive ( ! goods = :i* x is regi/]$4 ,! ^w ,crex1 to illu/rate our mean+1 is an arbitr>y co9$ ^w4 ,z su* x is regi/rable1 & besides its und\bt$ validity1 x has "s ( ! be/ qualities t a trade-m>k c possess1 9 t x is %ort--( "o syllable--easy to pron\nce & rememb]1 & its s\nd is n displeas+ to ! e>4 ,note t 9 ! "n ,crex ,grass ,furniture1 ! ^w ,crex is alone regi/rable4 ,grass ,furniture is a descriptive t]m4 ,co9$ words1 l ,k>o1 ,onoto1 ,*iclets1 ,crisco1 ,une$a1 ,jap-a-lac1 ,sapolio1 are virtually infr+em5t pro(4 ,! own]%ip ( a co9$ ^w1 z appli$ to ! commodity ) :i* x is associat$1 re/s absolutely 9 ! individual or conc]n t fir/ uses x4 ,_m ( ^! co9$ words are only =tuit\s comb9ations ( lett]s1 arriv$ at aft] div]s exp]im5ts4 ,su* a ^w is ,onoto1 appli$ to a f\nta9 p54 ,x 0 select$ f a li/ ( hundr$s ( simil> names1 9 :i* all sorts ( curi\s arrangem5ts ( lett]s 7 set d[n4 ,9 ! creation ( an artificial or co9$ ^w1 a m]e misspell+ ( a ^w or phrase does n make x regi/rable1 if x w\ld n be s o!rwise4 ,be/ok1 a misspell+ ( ,be/ ,/ock1 0 refus$ regi/ration1 z x is pla9ly descriptive4 ,omo is ! trade-m>k ( a dress %ield2 ,p]sil--a co9$ ^w--is a wa%+ comp\nd2 & ,/e]o is ! trade-m>k & ! "n ( b\illon cubes4 ,sealpack]*ief is a "n made up ( ,seal$1 ,package & ,h&k]*ief4 ,x is ! trade-"n ( a br& ( h&k]*iefs t are sold 9 clean seal$ packages4 ,nabisco is a "n made by jo9+ toge!r ! fir/ syllables ( ! ?ree words ,national ,biscuit ,co4--,na-,bis-,co--,nabisco4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,! ,porto ,rico ,seal ( ,quality ,illu/ration ,,porto ,,rico ,,association ,,dis9t]e/$ ,,inspection ,,hone/y ,,purity ,,effici5cy ,,en]gy ,,excell5ce ,,progress ,,on ,,! ,,squ>e ,,gu>anty ,! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,isl& ( ,porto ,rico has giv5 its enc\ragem5t & mat]ial support to ! =mation ( an association among ! l>ge plant]s1 %ipp]s & manufactur]s ( ! ,isl&4 ,?is organization1 kn[n z ! ,porto ,rico ,association1 is active 9 promot+ ! sale ( ,porto ,rican products 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,z a gu>anty ( ! quality ( ! goods1 ea* memb] ( ! ,association--aft] 8 %ipm5t has be5 inspect$ & approv$--has ! "r to use ! ,porto ,rico seal ( quality1 %[n "h4 ,?is seal is n a trade-m>k 9 ! te*nical s5se1 b x is affix$ to ,porto ,rican m]*&ise ( high quality1 sold at ! ,new ,york /ore ( ! ,porto ,rico ,association at #eaj ,fif? ,av5ue1 ,new ,york1 & else:]e1 & 9 t relation x is a common law trade-m>k1 ) own]%ip ve/$ 9 ! ,porto ,rico ,association4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,! "n ,roxonia1 a regi/]$ trade-m>k1 appli$ to hosi]y & und]we>1 is an evolution ( ! "n ,roxburghe4 ,:5 ! goods 7 fir/ put on ! m>ket ! ,duke ( ,roxburghe 0 on a visit to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 tak+ notice ( an heiress1 & 01 9 virtue ( ?is situation1 mu* 9 ! public pr9ts4 ,a manufactur] ( und]we> ?\ght ,roxburghe s\nd$ pretty good1 & he appli$ = regi/ration ( ! "n z a trade-m>k4 ,8 application 0 refus$ on ! gr\nd t ,roxburghe 0 ! "n ( a p]son4 ,ab&on+ ,roxburghe1 ano!r cogitation ( ! subject br\ght to light ! ^w ,saxonia1 ?is "n hav+ be5 sugge/$ by ! fact t ,saxony is "o ( ! great c5t]s ( hosi]y production4 ,saxonia 0 refus$ regi/ration because x is a geographical t]m4 ,! addition ( two lett]s to ! ^w ,saxon does n make suffici5t *ange to remove x f ! prohibit$ class ( geographical t]ms4 ,) ^! two rejections be=e him1 x occurr$ to ! manufactur] t he c\ld unite ! two words1 & get rid ( ! objectionable feature ( ea*4 ,?is 0 done1 & ! result is ,roxonia1 :i* is n only a valid trade-m>k1 b a v good "o4 ,illu/ration3 ,,reg4 ,,u ,,arco ,,pat ,,(f ,,spotz(f ,! clev] trade-m>k ( a clean+ fluid4 ,a trade-m>k may consi/ ( a co9$ ^w :i* is sugge/ive1 b n descriptive4 ,an example ( ?is is %[n 9 ! ,arco ,spotz(f trade-m>k4 ,?is is ! "n1 z well z ! trade-m>k1 ( a clean+ fluid4 ,spots ,(f1 spell$ 9 any way :atsoev]1 sugge/s clean+ & cleanl9ess1 b x does n describe ! clean+ fluid4 ,?is is a v +5i\s trade-m>k4 ,) a slight v>iation x w\ld be unregi/rable4 ,= in/ance1 ,spot ,remov] w\ld n be valid1 because x is an ord9>y descriptive t]m--an adv]tisem5t1 9 %ort4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rub]oid 7,trade ,m>k4 ,reg4 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(fice7 ,susceptible ( mispronunciation4 ,two o!r examples ( co9$ words1 sugge/ive b n descriptive1 are ,sealpack]*ief--m5tion$ above--& ,hydegrade4 ,9 "s in/ances1 !re is a sort ( tang5tial1 or left-h&$ sugge/iv5ess1 ab\t a trade-m>k :i* gives x a significance q diff]5t f ! idea t 0 9 its own]'s m9d :5 he adopt$ x4 ,?is is a defect 9 any trade-m>k4 ,an example ( ?is is ! ,rub]oid trade-m>k1 appli$ to a high-quality1 ready-to-lay ro(+1 sold 9 rolls4 ,x is pron\nc$ ,rue-b]-oid4 ,! own]s ( ?is product /ate1 9 _! adv]tis+1 t ,rub]oid does n conta9 any rubb]4 ,x is n a rubb] ro(+4 ,b a l>ge p]c5tage ( ! public pron\nces ! ^w ,rubb]-oid1 & _m p h ! impression t ,rub]oid is a rubb] ro(+4 ,! "n is sugge/ive ( rubb]4 ,?is effect is n an int5tional "o1 z is pla9ly %[n by ! widely adv]tis$ /atem5t ( ! own]s t ,rub]oid conta9s no rubb]1 z well z by _! tak+ ! tr\ble to indicate ! correct pron\nciation 9 _! adv]tisem5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wilbur ,,trade ,,m>k ,reg4 9 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,! trade-m>k ( ,h4 ,o4 ,wilbur ,sons4 ,a trade-m>k "n %\ld n be easily susceptible ( mispronunciation4 ,an arbitr>y symbol may be a valid trade-m>k4 ,! ,wilbur ,*ocolate trade-m>k1 %[+ a ,cupid /irr+ a cup ) a l>ge spoon1 is an example ( an arbitr>y symbol us$ = ?is purpose4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,mc,cutcheon trade-m>k4 ,sugge/ive ( f9e l954 ,! ,mc,cutcheon trade-m>k1 consi/+ ( ! repres5tation ( an old-fa%ion$ sp9n+ :eel1 is arbitr>y 9 ! s5se ( n be+ descriptive1 b x is sugge/ive ( flax & f9e l951 :i* is a specialty ( ! ,mc,cutcheon /ore4 ,! trade-m>k ( ,dom9o sug> is ! picture ( a r$ dom9o or mask4 ,initials1 l ,e4 ,w4--us$ on ,e>l ,wilson coll>s2 ,g4,e4--! trade-m>k ( ! ,g5]al ,electric ,company2 & ,r ,g--us$ on corsets1 are valid z trade-m>ks4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sonor ,a trade-m>k 9 :i* ! defects pr$om9ate4 ,a trade-m>k may be ! "n ( a fictiti\s p]son1 l ,bu/] ,br[n1 us$ 9 connection ) hosi]y1 & ,doro?y ,dodd us$ z a trade-m>k = %oes4 ,a fam\s example ( initials us$ = ?is purpose is ! ,b4,v4,d4 trade-m>k4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rubdry ,,ba? ,,t[el ,an excell5t1 di/9ctive trade-m>k4 ,good trade-m>ks are simple & di/9ctive4 ,! m>k %\ld be ( su* a "* t x c be easily reta9$ 9 ! pur*as]'s memory1 & x is app>5t t ?is is n readily done :5 x is complicat$ & commonplace4 ,look at ! ,sonor trade-m>k1 reproduc$ on ?is page1 z an illu/ration ( ?is po9t4 ,! lett]+ is s involv$ t x is difficult to read1 & x looks l a patt]n ( "s intricate fancy "w4 ,comp>e x ) ! simple1 cle>-cut ,rub-dry trade-m>k4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bird ,,neponset ,,products ,,trade ,,m>k ,reg4 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,a trade-m>k clutt]$ up ) too mu* detail4 ,! ,neponset trade-m>k has s mu* 9 x1 includ+ ! picture ( a *ild 9 a ra9/orm1 t x loses its "* :5 x is r$uc$ to any practical1 small size = adv]tis+ purposes4 ,! s+le ^w ,neponset1 enclos$ 9 a simple design1 w\ld be mu* m effective--or ! *ild hold+ ! piece ( ro(+ ov] h] head w\ld be equally effective1 if %[n alone1 )\t a backgr\nd4 ,an example ( a commonplace trade-m>k is ! big ,p surr\nd$ by a circle4 ,?is m>k lacks di/9ction & orig9ality4 ,x makes b little impression ^u a read]'s m9d1 & is soon =gott54 ,illu/ration3 p ,,trade ,,m>k ,a trade-m>k t be>s a />tl+ resemblance to a soda-wat] *eck4 ,comp>e ! big ,p ) ! admirable ,pacific ,mills trade-m>k4 ,! ,pacific ,mills emblem is graceful1 simple1 di/9ctive1 & has a sw+ & a :irl to x t sugge/ motion4 ,:5 a symbol is us$ z a trade-m>k x is always advisable to put ! sugge/ion ( motion into x1 if ?is c be done )\t ! sacrifice ( "s o!r ess5tial quality4 ,a ?+ 9 motion arre/s ! eye1 & holds ! att5tion1 mu* bett] ?an a /ill figure4 ,evid5ce ( ?is is se5 9 ! well-kn[n ,dut* ,cleans] trade-m>k1 :]e ! motion ( ! lady 9 wood5 %oes dom9ates e o!r quality ( ! symbol4 ,an arbitr>y numb] may be a valid trade-m>k4 ,! numb] #hcj has be5 judicially held to be a good trade-m>k = a br& ( hosi]y4 ,! numb] #dgaa--;an arbitr>y arrangem5t ( figures--has be5 9 use s9ce #agib z a trade-m>k = toilet prep>ations4 ,! num]als #a to #ce are valid trade-m>ks1 z appli$ to ,humphrey's ,homeopa?ic ,rem$ies4 ,a num]al indicat+ quality or composition _c be protect$ aga9/ infr+em5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trade ,,pacific ,,m>k ,?is design is v attractive4 ,a f9e example ( a symbol ) word+4 ,a trade-m>k may be ! "n ( a my?ological "*1 l ,juno1 ,v5us--!re is a ,v5us lead p5cil--,h]cules1 or ,apollo1 ?is la/ "n be+ us$ 9 connection ) a play]-piano4 ,x may be ! "n ( an hi/orical "*1 l ,voltaire1 ,buck+ham1 ,maz>91 ,napoleon--us$ ) a br& ( fl\r--or ,*ampla92 or ,samson1 us$ z a "n ( a clo!s-l9e sold 9 a package4 ,x may be ! "n ( a "* 9 fiction1 l ,hamlet1 ,david ,copp]field1 ,hypatia or ,portia4 ,pequot1 ! "n ( an ext9ct ,indian tribe1 is ! trade-m>k$ "n ( a br& ( %eets & pill[ cases4 ,! "n ( an exi/+ ,indian tribe is n valid z a trade-m>k1 z x has a geographical significance4 ,a phrase 9 common use may be regi/]$ z a trade-m>k1 provid$ x has none ( ! qualities prohibit$ by ! ,act ( #aije4 ,= example1 ,y\rs ,truly is ! regi/]$ trade-m>k ( an article ( food4 ,a ^w 9 common use may be valid z a trade-m>k if x has no defects "u ! act4 ,!re is1 = in/ance1 an ,arr[ coll>1 a ,lion coll>1 & a ,velvet smok+ tobacco4 ,if c>eful consid]ation is giv5 to ! selection1 x is sometimes possible to f9d an ord9>y ^w t may be v effective z a trade-m>k4 ,!re is1 = example1 ! ^w ,ra9b[1 us$ z a "n = dyes4 ,?is ^w is n descriptive ( ! dyes1 b x is trem5d\sly sugge/ive ( _! quality & _! wide range ( colors4 ,gold ,cross is ! trade-m>k ( a br& ( cond5s$ milk4 ,skidoo is ! p>ticul>ly happy "n ( a r\gh-&-ready soap1 & ?is is also us$ z ! trade-m>k ( a m>9e eng9e4 ,fla% is ! "n ( a soap4 ,bread ,w9n] is ! trade-"n ( a l9e ( *ildr5's suits4 ,!re are _m trade-m>ks made up ( two or m words1 su* z ,ba*elor's ,fri5d1 = hosi]y2 ,iron-,clad1 also a hosi]y trade-m>k1 & ,porosknit--a co9$ ^w made up ( ,por\s & ,knit4 ,! portrait & "n ( a liv+ p]son may be regi/]$ z a trade-m>k1 provid$ ! application is accompani$ by ! writt5 p]mission ( ! p]son ^: "n & portrait are %[n4 ,!re is a ,max9e ,elliott ,soap1 & a ,mrs4 ,ror]'s ,c(fee4 ,! "n ( a natural object us$ 9 a fanciful s5se1 may be regi/]$4 ,!re are _m examples ( ?is usage1 su* z ,bee*-,nut bacon1 ,ivy corset1 ,hawkeye cam]a1 & ,eagle cond5s$ milk4 ,a trade-m>k may consi/ ( a fanciful comb9ation ( words1 l ,blue ,jay1 appli$ to corn pla/]s2 ,r$ ,devil1 ,silv] ,moon1 & ,fly+ ,cat4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ipswi* ,,hosi]y ,a well-balanc$ & h&some design4 ,:5 a design & word+ are us$ 9 comb9ation1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to make !m fit toge!r )\t discord4 ,attractiv5ess is a quality t is desirable 9 a trade-m>k if x c be atta9$ )\t a sacrifice ( m virile features4 ,! ,ipswi* ,hosi]y trade-m>k is eye-cat*+ & attractive4 ,x conta9s z mu* 9 lett]+ & 9 illu/ration z ! ,neponset trade-m>k %[n on page #hj1 & x is mu* m attractive4 ,?is trade-m>k--z %[n 9 ! accompany+ engrav+--is descriptive1 z x conta9s ! ^w hosi]y1 & x conta9s a geographical t]m--,ipswi*4 ,^! features w\ld probably prev5t its regi/ration "u ! g5]al ,act ( #aije1 b n "u ! t5 ye>s' clause ( t act1 provid$ x c\ld fulfil ! requirem5ts ( t clause4 ,illu/ration3 ,,copyright #aijc ,swift ,co4's trade-m>k4 ,! trade-m>k ( ,swift ,company1 ( ,*icago1 is unusually di/9ctive4 ,its symbolism is int]pret$ 9 a circul> issu$ by ,swift ,company1 ( :i* ! foll[+ is an exc]pt3 ,f\r factors intimately comb9$ ent] into ! symbol4 ,!y are3 7#a7 ! ',s'1 7#b7 ! d>t1 7#c7 ! circle1 7#d7 ! pivot4 ,! ',s'1 comb9$ ) ! d>t 9 "o piece1 is a p]sonality symbol1 s]v+ to set =? ! "n ',swift'1 bo? accurately & g5]ally1 s9ce ! d>t is an anci5t & _w-wide symbol ( swiftness4 ,! d>t by itself is a humanity symbol1 c>ry+ ! ?\ght ( spe$ & directness4 ,9 its position 9 ! symbol x indicates high aim & rectitude4 ,! circle is a humanity symbol1 c>ry+ ! ?\ght ( univ]sality1 & ev]y:]e recogniz$ z ! p]fect =m4 ,! pivot symbol is beautifully develop$ by ! ',s' :i* c5t]s 9 ! circle1 & is itself a =m ( ! pivot symbol4 ,! black & r$ color s*eme acc5tuates ! pivot & gives ! ?\ght ( day & night1 ( life & dea?1 ( heav5 & hell--9 %ort1 ! ?\ght ( dualism 9 life4 ,?is design is simple1 graceful1 di/9ctive1 & appropriate4 ,9 a bus9ess z f>-rea*+ & z complex z t ( ,swift ,company1 ! quality ( adaptability 9 a trade-m>k is highly desirable4 ,?is trade-m>k is ( su* a "* t x may be us$ ) appropriat5ess ^u m]*&ise1 /ation]y1 packages1 boxes1 sides ( c>s1 & 9 adv]tisem5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #a4 ,! engrav+s ,nos4 #a1 #b1 #c1 & #d1 illu/rate ! v>i\s /eps tak5 9 devis+ ! trade-m>k ( ! ,w4 ,h4 ,mc,elwain ,company1 ( ,bo/on4 ,! fundam5tal idea 0 to incorporate ! initials ( ! firm1 ,w4 ,h4 ,m41 into ! design 9 "s effective way4 ,f a l>ge numb] ( sugge/ions ! design m>k$ ,no4 #a 0 select$4 ,x c be se5 t ! ?ree b>s %[n 9 ,no4 #a make ! initials ,w4 ,h4 ,m4--b somebody has to tell y be=e y see x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,mc,e,l,w,a,i,n ,,m>k ,no4 #b4 ,! next /ep1 %[n 9 ,no4 #b1 0 to put 9 ! sole ( a %oe1 z ! trade-m>k is int5d$ = %oes1 & to lett] ,! ,mc,elwain ,m>k across ! face ( ! b>s4 ,! design %[n 9 ,no4 #b lacks cohesion & f9i%4 ,to hold x toge!r1 a bord] 0 put ar\nd x & a ,b5 ,day backgr\nd ?r[n 94 ,?is produc$ ! figure %[n 9 ,no4 #c4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,mc,e,l,w,a,i,n ,,m>k ,no4 #c4 ,! design m>k$ ,no4 #c is q /rik+1 b if y look at x a:ile y beg9 to see defects 9 x4 ,! black initial b>s are too /rong & gl>+4 ,!y pu% ! re/ ( ! design out ( ! picture4 ,?is defect 0 cur$ by putt+ ! initial b>s 9 :ite ) ! sole ( ! %oe 9 black1 & mak+ ! backgr\nd d>k]4 ,by do+ ?is1 ! prop] balance betwe5 :ite & black 0 obta9$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,mc,e,l,w,a,i,n ,,m>k ,no4 #d4 ,! design %[n 9 ,no4 #d is ! f9i%$ trade-m>k4 ,9 devis+ a trade-m>k1 any "o :o does n cle>ly keep ! requirem5ts ( ! law 9 m9d is likely to fall into "o or ano!r ( ?ree classes ( errors4 ,fir/1 !re is a natural t5d5cy to make a trade-m>k descriptive1 to ins]t 9 ! word+ "s phrase l ,be/ ,quality1 ,sold ! ,_w ,ov]1 or ,fits ! ,figure or ,good = ,*ildr5--all ( :i* are descriptive phrases4 ,y _c regi/] or protect an adv]tisem5t us$ z a trade-m>k1 & su* phrases are adv]tisem5ts4 ,a trade-m>k is a ?+ to be adv]tis$4 ,x mu/ n be an adv]tisem5t itself4 ,second1 !re is a t5d5cy on ! "p ( _m adv]tis]s to incorporate _! own names into _! trade-m>ks4 ,?is (t5 leads to int]m9able & co/ly litigation4 ,?ird1 !re is a t5d5cy among manufactur]s to select geographical t]ms z _! trade-m>ks1 to use ! "n ( ! t[ns or cities :]e _! plants are locat$1 or ! names ( /ates1 or ( riv]s or oceans4 ,! trade-"n1 ,baltimore hosi]y1 has a good s\nd1 & ! ^w ,baltimore is easily rememb]$1 simple & euphoni\s4 ,b if y are a hosi]y manufactur]1 & adopt x1 y d s at y\r p]il1 ev5 if y d bus9ess 9 ,baltimore4 ,y _c protect x aga9/ any o!r manufactur] ( hosi]y :o has a plant 9 ,baltimore1 ev5 on ! gr\nds ( unfair competition1 unless y h us$ ! "n exclusively1 & = su* a long p]iod ( "t1 t x has lo/ mo/ ( its geographical s5se 9 ! hosi]y trade1 & has develop$ into a ^w ( re/rict$ mean+ 9 t l9e ( bus9ess4 99 99 99 99 99 ,p4,s4 ,a manufactur] :o int5ds to apply = ! regi/ration ( a new trade-m>k %\ld take ! precaution to h ! files ( ! ,pat5t ,(fice se>*$ to asc]ta9 if a trade-m>k l 81 or simil> to x1 has be5 already regi/]$ = ! same class ( m]*&ise4 ,?is %\ld be done be=e application = regi/ration is made4 ,:5 application to regi/] a trade-m>k is fil$1 ! trade-m>k mu/ be already 9 use4 ,?is use may be limit$ to affixation ^u a small consignm5t ( goods1 b x mu/ be a g5u9e & actual use ( ! trade-m>k4 ,?is be+ s1 x is wor? :ile to asc]ta9 if ! propos$ trade-m>k has already be5 regi/]$4 ,!re are #ci1jjj regi/]$ trade-m>ks 9 exi/5ce1 divid$ among =ty-n9e classes ( m]*&ise4 ,?\s&s ( trade-m>ks h be5 regi/]$ = "s classes4 ,x is n unusual = an applicant to f9d t ! trade-m>k he has int5d$ to use has be5 adopt$ by someone else4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,footnotes h be5 mov$ to ! end ( ea* *apt] & relabel$ consecutively ?r\gh ! docum5t4 ,illu/rations & sideb>s h be5 mov$ to p>agraph breaks ne> :]e !y are m5tion$4 ,punctuation has be5 made consi/5t4 ,v>iations 9 spell+ & hyph5ation 7 reta9$ z !y appe> 9 ! orig9al publication4 ,! word+ ( ! *apt] section titles 9 ! ,table ( ,cont5ts diff]s f ! actual section titles 9 _m cases4 ,!re is no ,*apt] ,i section title correspond+ to ! ,table ( ,cont5ts entry ,t5-,ye>s ,clause4 p4 #bi3 ,! ,,ormrod is n completely legible 9 ! orig9al publication & may n be exactly correct4 7,,ormrod ,,lehigh ,,co7 p4 #fh3 ,! ,*apt] ,,iv section title ,infr+em5t by ,=eign]s ,?r\gh ,importation is n includ$ 9 ! ,table ( ,cont5ts4 p4 #hb3 ,! #c 9 #aijc 9 ! ,swift ,co4's trade-m>k figure on ?is page is n completely legible 9 ! orig9al publication & may n be correct4 7,,copyright #aijc7