,transcrib] ,notes ,text emphasis display$ z ,italics4 ,,h9ts ,,on ,,m\nta9-,,lion ,,trapp+ ,illu/ration3 ,,leaflet ,,no4 #id ,issu$ ,april1 #aicc ,,h9ts ,,on ,,m\nta9-,,lion ,,trapp+ ,by ,/anley ,p4 ,"y1 ,pr9cipal ,biologi/1 9 ,*>ge1 ,division ( ,pr$atory ,animal & ,rod5t ,control1 ,bureau ( ,biological ,survey ,,! ,,am]ican ,,m\nta9-,,lion 7,felis concolor7 is "o ( ! l>ge/ pr$atory animals ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 sometimes weigh+ m ?an #bjj p\nds4 ,game cons]vationi/s recognize x z ! greate/ natural enemy ( de]4 ,/ockm5 le>n to _! sorr[ t :5 game is sc>ce ! m\nta9-lion attacks "y dome/ic /ock1 p>ticul>ly colts1 lambs1 & kids1 & ev5 full-gr[n horses & cattle4 ,9 "s we/]n areas x is practically impossible to raise "y colts or %eep on op5 /ock ranges 9 ! r\gh1 rocky1 & brok5 c\ntry t =ms an ideal habitat = ! m\nta9-lion4 ,! range ( ! m\nta9-lion1 :i* is kn[n also z c\g>1 pan!r1 puma1 & catam\nt1 includes at pres5t ! l>ge wild]ness areas ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates we/ ( ! "o hundr$? m]idian4 ,! heavie/ infe/ation is 9 ! ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,/ates & s\?w>d ?r\gh ! des]t m\nta9 ranges ( ,arizona1 ,texas1 & ,new ,mexico4 ,f>!r we/w>d m\nta9-lions are mu* less num]\s1 except 9 ! coa/al ranges ( ,cali=nia1 ,oregon1 & ,wa%+ton1 :]e !y are some:at abundant4 ,= ! protection ( dome/ic live/ock & ( l>ge game 9 c]ta9 areas x is necess>y to keep m\nta9-lions well "u control4 ,9 spite ( control measures1 h[ev]1 ^! pr$ators w probably long cont9ue to exi/ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,!re are _m areas :]e normal hunt+ & ! vicissitudes ( ! wild c be dep5d$ ^u to keep _! numb]s )9 reasonable limits4 ,!re are also great /ret*es ( wild]ness areas t probably w nev] be t\*$ by any m\nta9-lion-control campaigns4 ,?is leaflet1 int5d$ to help /ockm5 & game protectors 9 local control ( m\nta9-lions1 is bas$ on ! exp]i5ce ( ,biological ,survey pr$atory-animal hunt]s4 ,a simil> publication 7,leaflet ,no4 #gh7 discusses control measures = su* small] memb]s ( ! wild-cat family z ! bobcat & ! ,canada lynx4 ,natural ,food & ,fe$+ ,habits ( ! ,m\nta9 ,lion ,m\nta9 lions f9d mo/ ( _! prey ne> ! r\gh] & m inaccessible canyons1 & 9 su* places !y live & bre$ ) lea/ di/urbance4 ,"o ( ! mo/ /rik+ ?+s ab\t ^! animals is ! di/ance to :i* !y w g = food4 ,_m h be5 kn[n to travel #be miles or m 9 a night1 app>5tly )\t re/+ = any appreciable l5g? ( "t4 ,because ( _! rem>kable endurance1 hunt+ !m takes /am9a & /r5g?4 ,biological ,survey hunt]s on ! fre% track ( a m\nta9-lion h trail$ ! animal = #aj consecutive h\rs or long] be=e tree+ x4 ,l ! bobcat1 ! m\nta9-lion relies ^u its s5ses ( smell & sight 9 mu* ( its =ag+4 ,its smell is ke5] ?an t ( ! bobcat1 ?\gh less s ?an 9 ei!r wolf or coyote4 ,x c see its prey = a long di/ance1 b unque/ionably x does mu* ( its sil5t1 cauti\s /alk+ by ! s5se ( smell alone1 tak+ advantage ( e cov] until )9 /rik+ di/ance ( its victim4 ,its s5se ( he>+ also is acute4 ,9 mak+ a kill1 ! m\nta9-lion br+s its victim to ! gr\nd ) a /unn+ impact ( its entire weight4 ,x g5]ally attacks at ! ?roat & brea/4 ,aft] mak+ a kill & tak+ "o meal1 ! m\nta9-lion w sometimes1 ?\gh n always1 bury ! rema9d] ( a c>cass "u leaves1 litt]1 or o!r tra%1 to return = a lat] fea/4 ,:e!r x w ?us return dep5ds to "s ext5t ^u wea!r conditions & on its ability to f9d prey else:]e4 ,its kill+ & fe$+ habits v>y 9 o!r ways also4 ,9 "o in/ance1 a lone lion attack$ a h]d ( ewes & kill$ #aib 9 "o night4 ,frequ5tly m ?an "o m\nta9-lion may fe$ on a s+le c>cass4 ,ne> "o c[ c>cass ! writ] once trapp$ six lions1 ( v>i\s sizes1 evid5tly ! p>5ts & two litt]s ( (fspr+4 ,! pres5ce ( a m\nta9-lion on a range may be indicat$ by its kill ( de] or o!r game1 ev5 ?\gh dome/ic /ock may n h be5 di/urb$4 ,if a kill is made 9 fall or w9t]1 ! meat may rema9 fre% = _m weeks4 ,control ,me?ods ,:]e ! control ( m\nta9-lions is ess5tial1 ! pr9cipal means employ$ is ! use ( tra9$ h\nds4 ,k5tucky fox h\nds & a cross betwe5 ! ,walk] h\nd & ! bloodh\nd h be5 f\nd mo/ satisfactory = trail+ m\nta9-lions1 ?\gh any good dog may tree "o4 ,! hunt] mu/ keep up ) ! pack1 h[ev]1 = a m\nta9-lion t fights at bay in/ead ( tree+1 may kill all ! dogs4 ,:5 x *ooses to fight1 x uses tee? & claws1 back$ by p[]ful neck & %\ld] muscles1 9 a tell+ way4 ,! use ( poisons 9 m\nta9-lion control is n recomm5d$4 ,hunt+ or trapp+ is m satisfactory1 & x is unsafe to expose poisons on ranges :]e hunt+ dogs are be+ us$4 ,"u c]ta9 conditions m\nta9-lions c easily be caught 9 traps ( ! sizes kn[n z ,nos4 #ad & #d4 7,fig4 #a47 ,al?\gh "s p]sons oppose ! use ( su* traps z inhumane1 no bett] or m practical device is yet available4 ,:]e to ,set ,traps ,ei!r ( ! traps recomm5d$ may be set on a kn[n r\te ( ! m\nta9-lion1 pref]ably at a po9t :]e ! r\te n>r[s4 ,be+ a great w&]]1 ! animal g5]ally has well-def9$ cross+ po9ts :]e x passes f "o wat]%$ to ano!r 9 its se>* = food4 ,_m ( ^! are 9 ! l[ saddles ( divides1 & at su* cross+s x is n uncommon to f9d scrat* hills1 heap$ up by ! m\nta9-lion 9 cov]+ its ur9e4 ,! writ] has se5 z _m z eight su* hills 9 an area #d feet squ>e4 ,!y are sometimes #c to #d in*es high & #d to #f in*es 9 diamet]4 ,frequ5tly old or fre% feces may be notic$ ne> !m4 ,^! hills make ideal places = sett+ traps1 b %\ld be left 9 a natural condition4 ,! m\nta9-lion is trapp$ z x comes ?r\gh ! saddle ( ! divide & /ops to visit a scrat* hill1 be+ attract$ ei!r by ! hill itself or by a catnip lure plac$ !re z describ$ at ! top ( page #e4 ,illu/ration3 ,b#dcci,m ,figure #a4--,trap mo/ suitable = m\nta9-lions 7,no4 #d71 %[+ drag *a9 & d\ble-prong$ drag atta*$ ,:5 ! c>cass ( a dome/ic animal1 de]1 or o!r prey f\nd 9 a control area %[s unmi/akably t a m\nta9-lion did ! kill+1 at lea/ ?ree traps %\ld be set ar\nd x1 ea* #ae to #bj in*es away4 ,:5 ! c>cass is f\nd ly+ on its side 7,fig4 #b47 "o trap %\ld be set1 z lat] describ$1 betwe5 ! =e & h9d legs1 ano!r ne> ! rump1 & a ?ird ne> ! back & p>allel ) ! lo94 ,^! traps con/itute a c>cass set & require no lure o!r ?an ! c>cass4 ,frequ5tly x is well to set a f\r? trap #f to #h feet away if tracks %[ ! exact r\te tak5 by ! lion 9 approa*+ or leav+ ! c>cass4 ,caution4--,trapp]s1 especially :5 us+ ! ,no4 #d trap1 %\ld take e ne$$ precaution to safegu>d live/ock & valuable or h>mless wild animals2 &1 :]e necess>y1 %\ld po/ signs to w>n human be+s4 ,use ( ,lures ,traps set along a trail & ne> an ob/ruction meant to div]t ! m\nta9-lion close to a scrat* hill1 are only p>tly successful4 ,! trapp] may1 h[ev]1 take advantage ( ! m\nta9-lion's ke5 s5se ( smell by dropp+ a few drops ( oil ( catnip 9 ! c5t] ( ! undi/urb$ scrat* hill1 z a lure4 ,:y catnip is s attractive to memb]s ( ! fel9e family is n yet fully kn[n4 ,exp]im5ts h indicat$ t x produces sexual excitation & also t x has a soo?+ effect on ! n]v\s sy/em1 simil> to t ( opiates on man4 ,9 "s ( ! l>g] circuses catnip has be5 us$ = ye>s 9 g5tl+ animals ( ! cat family4 ,! use ( catnip oil 9 ?is c\ntry to lure memb]s ( ?is family )9 trapp+ di/ance has be5 rem>kably effective4 ,illu/ration3 ,b#cdfc,m ,figure #b4--,qu>ry ( m\nta9-lion4 ,a c>cass f\nd on its side1 z illu/rat$1 furni%es an excell5t opportunity = mak+ a c>cass set ( ?ree or m traps1 #ae to #bj in*es away ,:5 pure catnip oil is obta9able x %\ld be us$1 dilut$ ) pure petrolatum1 9 ! proportion ( #dj drops ( ! catnip oil to #b ounces ( petrolatum4 ,a catnip lure s plac$ t x w la/ a long "t has be5 exp]im5t$ ) by memb]s ( ! ,prov9cial ,game ,cons]vation ,bo>d ( ,briti% ,columbia1 & lat] by ! writ] 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,prep>$ z foll[s1 x promises to increase ! effectiv5ess ( trapp+ 9 m\nta9-lion control3 ,! petrolatum-dilut$ catnip oil is sme>$ ?9ly ov] a piece ( cotton batt+ ab\t #h in*es squ>e1 & ?is is cov]$ ) ano!r piece ( ! same size4 ,! catnip-oil s&wi* ?us made is plac$ on an ord9>y t9 pie plate1 br[n 9 color1 s t ! bottom w be inconspicu\s aga9/ ! b>k ( a tree4 ,two or ?ree feet f ! gr\nd a tree is blaz$ to make ! sap fl[1 ! cut be+ made 9 ! %ape ( ! plate4 ,! plate is spik$ ov] ?is blaze1 ) ! batt+ next to ! tree s t ! cotton w be kept moi/ by ! sap4 ,to prev5t its be+ torn out by a be>1 ! plate %\ld fit snugly into ! cut1 ! l[] edge flu% ) ! b>k4 ,! bottom ( ! plate %\ld be p]=at$ ) small holes made ) a %+le nail1 s t ! sc5t w escape sl[ly4 ,! plate %\ld be %ad$ f ! sun z mu* z possible4 ,su* sc5t /ations %\ld be plac$ on trees along creeks :]e m\nta9-lions are kn[n to travel1 p>ticul>ly ne> de] trails t lead to wat]4 ,!y are probably be/ plac$ on trees 9 n>r[ canyons1 :]e ! *ances ( successful trapp+ are great] because ( ! n>r[ness ( ! pa? along :i* ! m\nta9-lion mu/ travel4 ,! writ] has kn[n catnip pans to be visit$ by m\nta9-lions 9 su* places z long z #f mon?s aft] placem5t1 & 9 ,briti% ,columbia ! game au?orities report a lion's visit to a /ation #aj mon?s old4 ,aft] ! sc5t /ation is made1 traps %\ld be set1 z describ$ lat]1 ne> ! base ( ! tree4 ,! m\nta9-lion1 attract$ by ! catnip odor 9 ! plate1 /eps into ! trap :5 approa*+ ! lure4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #c4--;,a #b-trap bl9d set = m\nta9-lions4 ,9 ! saddle ( a divide ! traps are plac$ 9 ! trail :]e x n>r[s4 ,a small /ick or o!r ob/ruction %\ld be put betwe5 ! traps & "o at ei!r approa*1 to make ! lion /ep into "o ( ! traps r ?an betwe5 or ov] !m ,sett+ ! ,traps ,! hole = ! trap set %\ld be dug ab\t #ae to #bj in*es f a c>cass1 a s+le undi/urb$ scrat* hill1 or a tree on :i* a sc5t /ation has be5 plac$1 or directly 9 a trail :]e x n>r[s naturally or is made to n>r[ by rocks1 bru%1 or o!r ob/ructions plac$ at ! sides4 7,fig4 #c47 ,! hole %\ld be only slightly l>g] ?an ! trap1 & j deep en\gh to hold ! set at a level slightly l[] ?an ! surr\nd+ gr\nd1 ) ! drag & *a9 buri$ b5ea? x4 ,! drag1 :i* %\ld pref]ably be ( -in* wr\ght iron1 %\ld be atta*$ to "o end ( ! *a9 by a figure-#h swivel & x %\ld end 9 two well-curv$ prongs4 7,fig4 #a47 ,b$d+ ! drag "u ! trap1 ( c\rse1 requires m excavation4 ,! drag *a9 %\ld be at lea/ #h feet long & atta*$ to ! base ( ! trap or to "o ( ! spr+s4 ,at scrat* hills x is well to place a trap on ei!r side1 ! spr+s at "r angles to ! kn[n direction ( approa*4 ,9 a trail ! traps %\ld be 9 l9e1 ! spr+s at "r angles to ! direction ( travel4 ,exp]im5ts h prov$ t mo/ ( ! l>g] pr$ators1 & p>ticul>ly ! m\nta9-lion1 t5d to avoid /epp+ directly on any h>d object 9 a pa?4 ,kn[+ ?is t5d5cy1 ! trapp] may place a /ick or a /one betwe5 ! two traps & ano!r at ea* approa*2 ^! w cause ! animal to break its gait & /ep into "o ( ! traps r ?an ov] or betwe5 !m4 ,9 approa*+ a scrat* hill1 a sc5t /ation1 or a c>cass :]e sets h be5 made1 or 9 pass+ ov] a bl9d set 9 ! trail1 ! pr$ator is usually caught by "o ( ! =efeet1 ?\gh x may /ep into a b$d$ trap ) a h9d foot4 ,no sc5t is us$ at c>cass or bl9d sets4 7,pp4 #d1 #f47 ,cov]+ ,traps ,aft] ! trap has be5 firmly b$d$ ne> an undi/urb$ scrat* hill1 sc5t /ation1 or c>cass1 or 9 a trail1 x %\ld be cov]$ ) e>? & ! surr\nd+s left 9 a condition z ne>ly natural z possible4 ,dry horse or c[ manure1 f9ely pulv]iz$1 may be us$ to cov] ! inside ( ! trap jaws4 ,extreme c>e %\ld be tak5 to keep all dirt f "u ! trap pan & to see t ! op5 space !re is at lea/ "o-f\r? in* deep4 ,! trap pan %\ld be cov]$ by a pad made ( canvas or old desc5t$ slick] clo?1 & cut to fit snugly inside ! jaws1 & all %\ld !n be cov]$ ) f9ely pulv]iz$ e>?1 leav+ ! imm$iate area look+1 z ne>ly z possible1 z x did be=e ! trap 0 buri$4 ,f9i%+ su* a task prop]ly & ?us leav+ ! gr\nd ov] ! trap 9 a p]fectly natural condition s t x bl5ds ) ! surr\nd+ area is an art t requires mu* practice4 ,traps ,accid5tally ,sprung ,:5 traps are set ne> c>casses additional c>e %\ld be und]tak5 to und]p9 ! trap pan s t x w n spr+ "u ! weight ( a magpie1 buzz>d1 or o!r c>nivor\s bird t may be attract$ to ! c>cass4 ,9 =e/$ areas a m\nta9-lion hunt] may f9d 8 traps sprung by small animals1 = squirrels & o!r rod5ts 7& sometimes small birds7 may dig or scrat* ar\nd & betwe5 ! jaws ( ! trap4 ,unless ! trap pan is prop]ly support$1 ^! animals are unnecess>ily endang]$1 & 9 addition ! trap is frequ5tly sprung4 ,?is may be prev5t$ by sett+ ! trap pan s t x w c>ry a weight ( sev]al p\nds4 ,"o simple way ( und]p9n+ ! trap is to place a small twig p]p5dicul>ly f ! base snugly up to ! middle po9t ( ! pan4 ,in/ead ( ! small twig1 "s hunt]s use a f9e coil$-/eel spr+4 ,su* contrivances w p]mit ! trap pan to c>ry ! weight ( ! small] mammals or birds )\t endang]+ !m or releas+ ! trap jaws & ?us spoil+ a set well plac$ = a m\nta9-lion4 ,devices adju/$ to m\nta9-lion traps to prev5t _! be+ sprung by small mammals & birds are illu/rat$ 9 ,figure #d4 ,! ,biological ,survey pan spr+ 7fig4 #d1 ,d71 rec5tly develop$ 9 ?is bureau c be readily atta*$ to ! ,no4 #ad /eel trap us$ = m\nta9-lions4 ,a slightly l>g] spr+ is requir$ = ! ,no4 #d trap4 ,a pat5t on ?is device has be5 appli$ =1 to be d$icat$ to public use4 ,c>e 9 ,details ,9 trapp+1 att5tion to simple details is ess5tial4 ,?\gh ! m\nta9-lion trapp] ne$ n be s cauti\s ab\t human sc5t z ! trapp] ( wolves or coyotes1 x is well1 :5 plac+ a trap1 = him to /& or kneel on a sett+ clo?1 if = no o!r reason ?an conv5i5ce4 ,?is clo? may be ab\t #c feet squ>e & made ( canvas1 slick]-coat mat]ial1 or ! sk9 ( a %eep or calf4 ,x w also help to avoid di/urb+ ! gr\nd ab\t ! trap set4 ,excavat$ soil c be plac$ on x1 & t n ne$$ 9 complet+ ! "w c ?us be easily remov$4 ,9 addition1 at ! completion ( a set1 ! trapp+ equipm5t c be roll$ up 9 x & c>ri$ away4 ,m9or trapp+ details include remov+ ru/ f traps1 boil+ !m 9 wat] to elim9ate ! conspicu\s fre% odors notic$ :5 !y come f ! manufactur]1 c>efully repair+ traps ) faulty spr+s1 tak+ c>e t ! trap pan moves freely on its po/1 & see+ t ! jaws are adju/$ to close snugly & rapidly4 ,)\t att5d+ c>efully to m9or details1 no f>m] or /ockm5 c expect success 9 trapp+ ,am]ica's pr9ce ( pr$ators--! m\nta9-lion4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #d4--;,devices to prev5t captur+ small animals & birds 9 traps set = m\nta9-lions or o!r pr$ators3 ,a1 ,fan support$ by twig 7grass or a light coil spr+ may be us$72 ,b1 spl9t support2 ,c1 =k$-twig support2 ,d1 ,biological ,survey pan spr+ 99 99 99 99 99 ,u4 ,s4 ,,gov]nm5t ,,pr9t+ ,,(fice3 #aicc ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ,= sale by ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,docum5ts1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,price #e c5ts 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib] ,notes ,illu/rations position$ s z to avoid splitt+ p>agraphs4 ,all occurr5ces ( m\nta9 lion 7 *ang$ to m\nta9-lion4