,transcrib] ,notes ,text emphasis d5ot$ z ,italics4 ,d5 ,hunt+ z a ,means ( ,coyote ,control ,illu/ration3 ,,leaflet ,no4 #acb ,,d5 ,,hunt+ ,,z ,a ,,means ,,( ,,coyote ,,control ,by ,/anley ,p4 ,"y1 pr9cipal biologi/ & *ief ( division1 & ,h>old ,w4 ,dobyns1 assi/ant lead]1 ,section ( ,pr$ator & ,rod5t ,control1 ,division ( ,game ,managem5t1 ,bureau ( ,biological ,survey ,issu$ ,octob] #aicg ,,cont5ts ,page ,importance ( d5 hunt+ #b ,qualifications & equipm5t ( ! d5 hunt] #b ,bre$+ habits & numb] ( "y #c ,d5n+ sites & habits #c ,me?ods ( d5 hunt+ #e ,activities ( :elps #g ,remov+ :elps f d5s #g ,trapp+ & %oot+ adults #h ,importance ( ,d5 ,hunt+ ,!re is p]haps no bett] me?od ( keep+ d[n ! increase ( coyotes ?an to de/roy ! newly born :elps be=e !y ab&on ! d5s to %ift = !mselves4 ,a little "t sp5t 9 locat+ d5s 9 ,april1 ,may1 & ,june & de/roy+ ! :elps w save mon?s ( /r5u\s ef=t try+ to rid ! range ( ! pr$ators aft] !y h rea*$ maturity4 ,coyotes are p>ticul>ly de/ructive dur+ ! d5n+ season because ( ! ne$ ( extra food bo? = !mselves & _! "y4 ,lamb+ b&s ( %eep on op5 ranges suff] ! heavie/ losses4 ,coyotes t kill lambs dur+ ,april & ,may g5]ally h d5s1 & :5 ! d5s are locat$ & ! :elps de/roy$1 ! %eep kill+ usually /ops4 ,"s coyotes %[ great cunn+ 9 refra9+ f kill+ lambs ne> _! d5s & w pass by a b& ( %eep t is h]d$ "r ov] a d5 only to raid ano!r sev]al miles di/ant4 ,!y h be5 kn[n to c>ry leg ( lamb a di/ance ( #h miles to _! "y 9 ! d54 ,contr>y to ! belief ( /ockm5 & o!rs1 ! male coyote is z de/ructive z ! female1 & special att5tion to fre% kills at lamb+ "t has %[n t ! tracks ( male coyotes are m 9 evid5ce ?an ^? ( ! females4 ,qualifications & ,equipm5t ( ! ,d5 ,hunt] ,! mo/ ess5tial qualifications ( a d5 hunt] are ke5 obs]vation1 p]si/5ce1 & famili>ity ) ! habits ( coyotes4 ,he c probably become m skill$ 9 d5 hunt+ ?an 9 any o!r phase ( coyote control4 ,! d5n+ habits ( coyotes are simil> 9 mo/ sections1 & ! same g5]al me?ods ( d5 hunt+ c be appli$ to humid m\nta9\s sections & to semi>id des]ts4 ,d5 sign means indications ( d5n+ activity & %\ld always be wat*$ =4 ,x may consi/ ( tracks1 a well-worn pa? lead+ to & f a d51 or holes fre%ly clean$ out4 ,holes made by ! coyotes 9 digg+ out squirrels or rabbits %\ld n be confus$1 h[ev]1 ) ^? prep>$ = d5s4 ,a good hunt] w ov]look no likely place & %\ld take advantage ( e h9t1 = d5s are (t5 f\nd :]e lea/ expect$4 ,he %\ld look = d5 sign 9 e locality :]e animals are frequ5tly se54 ,he %\ld keep 9 m9d ! places us$ by pairs ( coyotes & visit all old d5s kn[n1 z sign may (t5 be discov]$ !re at :elp+ "t4 ,holes may be clean$ out 9 "o canyon & ! d5 be j ov] ! hill 9 ano!r4 ,%eep h]d]s on a range usually c give valuable in=mation z to locations ( d5s4 ,! equipm5t ( a d5 hunt] %\ld include at lea/ two good1 g5tle saddle horses1 a small %ovel1 a pair ( good field glasses1 a rifle ( n less ?an 4#be calib]1 & a dog4 ,coyotes are n s mu* afraid ( a man on horseback z ( "o on foot4 ,a rid]1 !re=e1 c get _m good %ots1 & 9 heavy sagebru% he c m easily see & track coyotes f 8 vantage seat ^u a horse4 ,bre$+ ,habits & ,numb] ( ,"y ,9 ! mat+ season coyotes may be he>d yelp+ mu* m ?an usual1 & packs ( ?ree to a doz5 animals may be se54 ,lat] ! bre$+ animals pair (f4 ,"s pairs may rema9 toge!r = a numb] ( ye>s1 b z a rule coyotes d n mate = life4 ,! :elp+ season v>ies ) latitude4 ,9 g5]al1 accord+ to /udies ( a l>ge numb] ( embryos by ,g4 ,w4 ,d4 ,hamlett1 ( ! ,biological ,survey1 ! season 9 ! nor!rn ti] ( ,/ates seems some:at e>li] ?an f>!r s\?2 9 ,montana1 = example1 bre$+ beg9s ab\t ,febru>y #a & la/s ?r\gh\t ! mon?1 ! av]age date be+ ,febru>y #ae4 ,9 ,texas1 bre$+ seems to beg9 some:at lat]1 al?\gh data are inadequate = def9ite conclusions4 ,9 "s ,/ates1 z 9 ,oregon & ,arizona1 ,hamlett f\nd a v>iation ( at lea/ #b mon?s 9 ! "t ( bre$+1 probably because ( great div]sity 9 habitat4 ,a /udy on ! spot1 ) due att5tion to altitude & o!r environm5tal factors1 w\ld probably expla9 any unusual v>iation4 ,coyote pups are born #fj to #fc days aft] bre$+4 ,_! eyes op5 :5 !y are #i to #ad days old4 ,! av]age numb] ( "y to ! litt] is normally #g4 ,al?\gh !re may be small] litt]s :5 food is sc>ce1 x is n uncommon to f9d litt]s ( #i to #ab 7fig4 #a1 ,a71 & "s females h be5 kn[n to h z _m z #ag "y4 ,! only ?+ provid$ 9 ! nature ( a ne/ is an enl>g$ section ( ! d51 & "s d5s d n h ev5 ?is4 ,! pups lie 9 ! dry du/ on ! floor4 ,d5s are (t5 f\nd to conta9 two litt]s1 "o consi/+ ( "y ) eyes n yet op5 & ! o!r ( pups ab\t a mon? old4 ,"o litt] may be l>ge & ! o!r small1 ! latt] probably belong+ to a "y female t1 app>5tly at a loss = a place to d51 _h tak5 up qu>t]s ) h] "m4 ,"y females usually :elp ab\t #aj days to #b weeks lat] ?an ! old] ones4 ,an occasional d5 may h>bor ?ree litt]s4 ,at a d5 :]e two litt]s are f\nd !re is usually only "o male1 :i* w\ld sugge/ polygamy4 ,"u normal conditions a pair ( coyotes is f\nd ) e d5 unless "o p>5t has be5 kill$4 ,if ?is happ5s to be ! female & ! pups are "y1 !y die4 ,if !y are old en\gh to eat meat1 ! male p>5t c>es = !m1 z he does 8 "p 9 provid+ food4 ,d5n+ ,sites & ,habits ,coyotes d n select d5n+ sites accord+ to any recognizable rule1 b _m ( !m return to ! same g5]al locality ye> aft] ye>1 ev5 ?\gh d5s are regul>ly dug out & ! pups kill$ by d5 hunt]s4 ,if ! female is kill$1 ! male may br+ 8 new mate to ! same d5 ! next season4 ,a dug out d5 t has n be5 badly damag$ 9 remov+ coyotes may rema9 unoccupi$ = two or ?ree seasons & !n be us$ aga91 z 0 ! case ) ! d5 9 ,conejos ,c\nty1 ,colo41 %[n on ! title page4 ,illu/ration3 ,b#bghgd2 ,b#dhdg;,a ,figure #a4--;,a1 ,coyote & a litt] ( #aj tak5 f a d5 9 ,san ,luis ,valley1 ,colo41 9 coop]ative pr$ator-control op]ations2 ,b1 coyote d5 7directly b5ea? hunt]7 9 a hillside ?icket 9 rugg$ c\ntry1 ,lance ,creek1 ,wyo4 ,d5s may be f\nd 9 a canyon1 wa%-out1 or c\lee1 on a bank or hillside 7fig4 #a1 ,b71 9 a rock bluff1 or ev5 9 level gr\nd1 z 9 a :eatfield1 /ubblefield1 or pl[$ field4 ,!y h be5 discov]$ "u des]t$ home/ead %acks 9 ! des]t1 "u gra9 b9s1 9 a dra9age pipe1 "u a railroad1 9 a holl[ log1 9 a ?icket1 & "u a clump ( ?i/les t _h bl[n into a canyon4 ,z a rule1 in/ead ( digg+ all new d5s1 coyotes w enl>ge ab&on$ badg] or rabbit holes or use des]t$ porcup9e d5s 9 rocky promontories or canyon walls4 ,usually !y />t clean+ out ! holes sev]al weeks prior to :elp+4 ,!y g5]ally claw out ! dirt 9 "o direction f ! m\? ( ! d51 :]e x piles up into a m\nd1 al?\gh "s d5s h no su* m\nd 7fig4 #b1 ,a74 ,! female cont9ues digg+ & clean+ out d5 holes1 sometimes a doz5 or m1 until ! "y are born4 ,!n1 if "o d5 is di/urb$ ! family moves to ano!r4 ,sometimes ! animals move only a few hundr$ y>ds1 app>5tly j to h a clean] home1 leav+ _m fleas beh9d4 ,occasionally a female t has lo/ h] :elps w clean out sev]al holes be=e becom+ reconcil$ to h] loss4 ,b>r5 females sometimes clean out holes1 b !y are n f\nd travel+ ) a mate4 ,male coyotes also "w at _m holes 9 spr+ b g5]ally to dig out dead rabbits4 ,! tracks ( ! male w usually be se5 at ^! fre%ly dug holes1 :i* h a diff]5t appe>ance f ^? clean$ out = d5s1 & dri$-up rabbit c>casses w g5]ally be f\nd ne>by4 ,illu/ration3 ,b#cdgdh2 ,b#cjgeg ,figure #b4--;,a1 ,entrance to a coyote d5 9 a dry creek bank1 ,morr[ ,c\nty1 ,oreg42 ,b1 a =m] ,biological ,survey pr$ator-control lead] at ! m\? ( ! coyote d5 dug out ne> ,cokeville1 ,wyo4 7,rema9s ( ?ree lambs 9 =egr\nd1 includ+ two skulls out ( :i* ! bra9s _h be5 lapp$ by coyotes47 ,:5 ent]+ ! d51 ! coyotes almo/ always g ar\nd1 n ov]1 ! m\nd1 if "o is pres5t4 ,d5s may h "o or sev]al entrances 9 use1 & sev]al passages may bran* f ! ma9 "o4 ,aft] ! pups are born1 small balls ( roll$ fur & hair f ! "m's belly may be f\nd 9 ! dry dirt 9 ! m\? ( ! d54 ,p>5t coyotes h no set "t = be+ at home & may be f\nd ne> ! d5 at any h\r4 ,al?\gh !y d mo/ ( _! kill+ e>ly 9 ! morn+1 !y sometimes visit ! d5 only at night4 ,!y are clean ab\t _! d5s2 s !re is little refuse or odor4 ,me?ods ( ,d5 ,hunt+ ,! prop] "t = hunt+ coyote d5s is f ,april #e to ,june #ae4 ,if "o />ts too e>ly1 be=e "s ( ! coyotes h :elp$1 ! t]ritory w h to be cov]$ aga94 ,:]e signs indicate a late d51 h[ev]1 x %\ld be s\ght 9 a foll[-up visit4 ,! coyote d5 is usually made 9 r\gh] surr\nd+s ?an are d5s ( small burr[+ rod5ts & is normally )9 rea* ( wat]4 ,contr>y to g5]al supposition1 h[ev]1 coyotes d n always h _! d5s ne> wat]4 ,9 hilly areas !y usually d1 b on ! l>ge des]ts ( ea/]n ,oregon ! d5s are (t5 f\nd z f> z #f miles f wat]4 ,coyotes d n g to wat] regul>ly unless ! wea!r is w>m1 & pups d n ne$ wat] until !y are sev]al mon?s old4 ,d5 hunt+ %\ld be sy/ematic & ?or\gh4 ,:]e ! soil is s&y ! movem5ts ( coyotes c be readily asc]ta9$ by means ( tracks & o!r signs *>act]i/ic ( ! :elp+ season4 ,! g5]al location ( a d5 may occasionally be le>n$ by he>+ ! h[l+ ( ! coyotes1 b o!r means mu/ be employ$ to actually f9d x4 ,x may be locat$ by track+1 by wat*+ ! movem5ts ( old coyotes1 or by rid+ ! range look+ = holes1 b sy/ematic track+ insures ! be/ results4 ,a good "t to hunt d5s by track+ is j aft] a ra94 ,ano!r good "t is ! day aft] a sev]e w9d/orm1 z /orms re/rict ! activity ( ! coyotes4 ,wat] holes & spr+s 9 ! des]t are excell5t places f :i* to />t 9 locat+ d5s4 ,x is be/ to circle ! wat] hole1 not+ ! direction ( ! tracks & giv+ special att5tion to ^? ( pairs & to _! relative fre%ness1 = :5 fre% tracks ( a pair are not$ !y are g5]ally close to ! d54 ,:5 sign is f\nd1 x %\ld be back-track$ to a po9t :]e !re are tracks go+ bo? ways2 ! tracks beg9 to =m a trail )9 a qu>t] ( a mile f ! d5s4 ,ne> ! d51 unless ! gr\nd is too h>d1 _m tracks w be f\nd go+ & com+ 9 e direction4 ,f9d+ ! d5 is !n an easy matt]4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 tracks lead to a d5 f only "o direction4 ,loose hairs & di/9ctive tracks are (t5 to be f\nd 9 ! m\? ( a us$ coyote d54 ,! coyote track is elongat$1 & n ne>ly s r\nd$ z a dog track1 & ! coyote side-toe track is long] ?an t ( a dog ( ! same size4 ,! tracks ( "y coyotes1 b>r5 females1 & ^? t h lo/ _! pups c be di/+ui%$ f ^? ( d5n+ pairs1 z ! latt] g5]ally travel by a direct r\te1 ! tracks ( ! female usually be+ small] & m po9t$ ?an ^? ( ! male4 ,:5 ! female leaves ! d5 = wat] %e almo/ always travels on a direct l9e1 probably n deviat+ ov] a hundr$ y>ds f x 9 a di/ance ( sev]al miles4 ,coyotes d n always wat] at ! same place ea* "t1 h[ev]1 nor return to _! d5 direct f ! wat]+ place unless ! d5 is a long di/ance f wat]4 ,sometimes ! male w rema9 ne> ! d5 :ile ! female is away1 b m (t5 ! two travel toge!r1 ! female hold+ a little m to a true c\rse ?an ! male4 ,! tracks (t5 indicate t !y travel side by side = "s di/ance1 ! male !n w&]+ away sev]al hundr$ y>ds b lat] return+ to 8 mate4 ,coyotes ) d5s h regul> hunt+ gr\nds to :i* !y usually travel on a ne>ly /raight c\rse1 :e!r ne> or sev]al miles di/ant1 b !y d n travel back to ! d5 on a direct l9e aga9 until aft] !y h made _! kills4 ,:5 ! d5 is 9 dang] ( be+ discov]$ coyotes act 9 a n]v\s mann]4 ,"s w circle ab\t x at a di/ance :5 ! hunt] is ne>2 ! old female may be se5 9 "o direction &1 aft] disappe>+1 may lat] be se5 pe]+ ov] a hill 9 ano!r qu>t]4 ,:5 a female ) a d5 fir/ sees a p]son1 %e looks fir/ at him = a mom5t1 !n almo/ inv>iably t[>d ! d51 sometimes turn+ completely ar\nd to d s4 ,a d5 is usually locat$ )9 a radius ( approximately a mile ( fre%ly clean$ out holes4 ,an exp]i5c$ hunt] c tell by ! appe>ance ( a d5 & by signs ne>by :e!r x is occupi$1 )\t dism\nt+ f 8 horse4 ,:5 a d5 is locat$1 if ! :elps are roam+ a consid]able di/ance away1 ! se>*] %\ld circle x1 mak+ pl5ty ( noise to /imulate _! return4 ,!y %\ld n be ru%$1 h[ev]1 z !y w !n scatt] & run into any accessible hole1 :]e extra ef=t 9 digg+ !m out w be requir$4 ,z a rule1 "o w n f9d _m liv+ rabbits ne> a d51 s t 9 a rabbit-infe/$ di/rict a sc>city ( rabbits may be a clue to a ne>by d54 ,activities ( ,:elps ,inexp]i5c$ hunt]s (t5 dig out d5s t conta9 no "y4 ,if ! se>*] li/5s at ! m\? ( ! d5 he c usually he> any :elps inside1 especially :5 !y are q "y1 z !y are !n seldom quiet4 ,if a nurs+ :elp loses hold ( a teat1 x is r noisy until x rega9s its hold4 ,! :elps em]ge :5 ab\t #c weeks old1 & !n _! tracks & o!r sign are easily not$4 ,at ?is age1 !y d n :9e z "y pups d b c be he>d mov+ ar\nd :5 9 ! d51 :]e1 if cr[d$1 !y sometimes gr[l4 ,curiosity to see :at is go+ on outside w drive "s to ! entrance4 ,:5 ! burr[ is /eep !y are unable to clamb] out at z e>ly an age z :5 x is ne>ly level4 ,little scrat*es made 9 _! attempt to crawl out w (t5 be not$ on ! side walls & floor ( ! d54 ,:5 ! :elps are ab\t #h to #aj weeks old ! d5s are ab&on$ & ! entire family roves ab\t1 rema9+ toge!r until e>ly fall4 ,remov+ ,:elps f ,d5s ,! digg+ necess>y to capture pups dep5ds l>gely on ! nature ( ! soil & ! location ( ! d5 7fig4 #b1 ,b74 ,"s d5s are s %all[ t little digg+ is requir$2 o!rs _c be dug out2 & "s burr[s lead /raight into a bank or "u a h>dpan l$ge4 ,mu* "w c be avoid$ by runn+ a %ovel h&le or long /ick z f> z possible into ! hole to asc]ta9 its direction & !n digg+ a pit d[n to ! d5 in/ead ( foll[+ ! burr[4 ,:]e digg+ is extremely difficult1 ! animals may be di/urb$ & induc$ to move1 frequ5tly to a d5 f :i* !y c be m readily tak54 ,usually !y move f a qu>t] ( a mile to a mile away & c easily be track$4 ,if pups c be se5 back 9 a d5 b _c be rea*$ 9 digg+1 a =k$ /ick or a wire s twi/$ z to cat* 9 _! fur has be5 employ$ to save labor2 b if ! d5 or burr[ bran*es & turns1 su* an in/rum5t is nev] :olly satisfactory1 z "s ( ! :elps are likely to be miss$4 ,be=e digg+ is begun1 ! d5 entrance %\ld be block$ to prev5t ! escape ( ! "m coyote1 %\ld %e be inside ! d54 ,:5 ! pups are ( suckl+ age %e is (t5 9 ! d5 ) !m1 b :5 !y are old en\gh to play & be f$ outside %e seldom goes into x4 ,x is difficult to tell h] :]eab\ts by h] tracks1 z %e backs out ( ! d5 unless di/urb$ & ! tracks all appe> z if made 9 ent]+4 ,pups are wobbly on _! legs :5 only #b or #c weeks old1 s t if a pit #ah in*es deep is dug j outside ! m\? ( ! d5 !y fall into x :5 !y attempt to crawl out & are easily captur$4 ,smok+ ! "y out ( ! d5 is n satisfactory z a rule b is sometimes successful4 ,a good smok] c be made by sold]+ a half-in* hose c\pl+ to ! sp\t ( a bell[s-op]at$ bee smok] & us+ sulphur & pieces ( burlap z fuel4 ,a piece ( g>d5 hose ab\t #aj feet long c be atta*$ & work$ d[n into ! d5 close to ! pups1 pref]ably beh9d !m4 ,! op]ator %\ld /& back f ! m\? ( ! d51 arm$ ) a good club to dispat* ! pups z !y come out4 ,?r[+ a h&ful ( calcium cyanide into a d5 & /opp+ ! hole ) dirt is an effective me?od ( fumigation1 b ?is *emical mu/ be h&l$ ) extreme c>e--z a rule by exp]i5c$ work]s only--z x is also dang]\s to man4 ,a small dog tra9$ to g into d5s & br+ out ! :elps is useful4 ,su* dogs are sc>ce1 b ) c>eful h&l+1 ! prop] bre$ 7wire-hair$ fox t]ri] or o!r t]ri]7 soon le>ns & enjoys ?is "w4 ,any dog1 h[ev]1 is a great help1 z ! p>5t coyotes become mu* al>m$ if x ne>s _! d5 & (t5 set up a h[l or s]ies ( b>ks & yelps1 ?us betray+ ! fact t a d5 is ne>4 ,a dog t runs rabbits & hunts sev]al hundr$ y>ds f ! hunt] is bett] ?an "o t foll[s at ! horse's heels4 ,a small dog is pref]able4 ,coyotes are likely to give wide b]? to a l>ge "o1 b w sometimes fight & *ase a small dog1 ?us pres5t+ a good t>get = %ots1 p>ticul>ly :5 !y g "s di/ance f ! d5 to fight ! intrud]4 ,= sev]al days aft] ! d5 has be5 de/roy$ females t h lo/ _! :elps frequ5tly fight or *ase any dog t comes ne>4 ,a #ab-;gage pump %otgun load$ ) ,,bb %ot is good = hunt+ pups t h left ! d5s b are /ill toge!r4 ,!y may be f\nd ly+ "u sagebru% or among ! rocks & are m easily hit ) a %otgun ?an ) a rifle :5 !y />t to scatt]4 ,trapp+ & ,%oot+ ,adults ,a hunt] %\ld leave z few traces z possible ( 8 visit to a d54 ,he %\ld c>ry sev]al traps1 ) :i* to try to capture ! old coyotes4 ,x is well to set a few traps bl9d--t is1 )\t bait or sc5t--9 ! trails lead+ to ! d51 al?\gh "s coyotes nev] return to a d5 aft] a hunt] has visit$ x4 ,a good set c be made by bury+ a dead :elp1 leav+ "o foot expos$1 & sett+ traps ne>by4 ,holes t h be5 clean$ out = d5s make excell5t places = trap sets1 p>ticul>ly = cat*+ females z !y g 9 or out be=e :elp+4 ,9 su* a situation1 two traps %\ld be set bl9d1 "o on ea* side ( ! entrance or m\nd4 ,o!r favorable sites are ! b$s :]e old coyotes lie1 presumably on gu>d4 ,^! b$s may be close to ! d5 or on a hillside or canyon rim half a mile away4 ,directions = trapp+ coyotes are giv5 9 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ,leaflet ,no4 #ei4 ,:5 coyotes are sight$ ne> _! d5s !y are usually quiet1 & "s good %ots may be possible4 ,a hunt] %\ld nev] dism\nt f 8 horse :5 a coyote /ops to wat* him1 b %\ld wait until x />ts mov+ & !n dism\nt on "s high spot & be ready to %oot ! in/ant x /ops aga94 ,if x does n /op ( its own accord1 a l[ :i/le w (t5 bait x long en\gh to (f] ! hunt] a good t>get4 99 99 99 99 99 ,u4 ,s4 ,,gov]nm5t ,,pr9t+ ,,(fice3 #aicg ,= sale by ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,docum5ts1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,price #e c5ts 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib] ,notes ,illu/rations 7 mov$ s z to n split p>agraphs4