,transcrib]'s note3 ,italic text is d5ot$ by und]scores & bold text by equal signs4 ,italics h replac$ und]l9$ words4 ,small capital text has be5 replac$ ) all capitals4 ,m9or typographical & punctuation errors h be5 correct$ )\t note4 ,irregul>ities & inconsi/5cies 9 ! text h be5 reta9$ z pr9t$4 ,mismat*$ quotes are n fix$ if x's n suffici5tly cle> :]e ! miss+ quote %\ld be plac$4 ,! cov] = ! e,book v]sion ( ?is book 0 creat$ by ! transcrib] & is plac$ 9 ! public doma94 99 99 99 99 99 ,,elem5t>y ,,composition ,,by ,,doro!a ,f4 ,,canfield ,,=m]ly ,,secret>y ,,( ,,! ,,horace ,,mann ,,s*ools ,,& ,,george ,r4 ,,c>p5t] ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,rhetoric ,,& ,,engli% ,,composition ,,9 ,,columbia ,,univ]sity ,new ,york ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company ,,london3 ,,macmillan ,,co4 ,,ltd4 #aiah ,all rights res]v$ ,,copyright1 #aijf1 ,,by ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company4 ,set up & electrotyp$4 ,publi%$ ,augu/1 #aijf4 ,repr9t$ ,july1 #aijg2 ,febru>y1 ,augu/1 #aiji2 ,septemb]1 #aiaj2 ,febru>y1 #aiaa2 ,m>*1 #aiac2 ,septemb]1 #aiad2 ,june1 #aiae2 ,m>*1 twice1 ,novemb]1 #aiaf4 ,norwood ,press ,j4 ,s4 ,cu%+ ,co4--,b]wick ,smi? ,co4 ,norwood1 ,mass41 ,u4,s4,a4 ,,preface ,! au?ors h endeavor$ to provide an unusually ri* collection ( mat]ial = "w 9 composition1--mat]ial well arrang$1 well grad$1 well adapt$ = use 9 ! sev5? & eigh? grades1 & accompani$ by a cle> & sugge/ive /atem5t ( ! grammatical & rhetorical pr9ciples involv$4 ,= skill$ advice & assi/ance 9 connection ) ,*apt]s ,,ii-,,vi we are greatly indebt$ to ,miss ,j5nie ,f4 ,ow5s1 ( ! ,j]sey ,city ,tra9+ ,s*ool4 ,d4 ,f4 ,c4 ,g4 ,r4 ,c4 ,,new ,,york ,,city1 ,july1 #aijf4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,table ,,( ,,sections ix ,,table ,,( ,,ex]cises xiii ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,introduction #a ,,ii4 ,,! ,,s5t5ce #d ,,iii4 ,,! ,,p>agraph #bi ,,iv4 ,,words #di ,v4 ,,cond5sation1 ,,expansion1 ,,& ,,p>aphrase #fi ,,vi4 ,,:ole ,,compositions2 ,,outl9es #hh ,,vii4 ,,oral ,,composition #ajb ,,viii4 ,,! ,,di>y #ajf ,,ix4 ,,! ,,lett] #aab ,x4 ,,n>ration #acg ,,xi4 ,,description #aee ,,xii4 ,,n>ration 7cont9u$7 #ahh ,,xiii4 ,,exposition #aii ,,xiv4 ,,argum5t #bad ,,xv4 ,,secret>ial ,,"w #bbe ,,xvi4 ,,v]sification #bcd ,,xvii4 ,,punctuation #bdg ,,app5dix3 ,a4 ,,rules ,,= ,,spell+ #bfi ,b4 ,,model ,,( ,,con/itution #bga ,,index #bgc ,,table ,,( ,,sections ,! roman num]als ref] to *apt]s2 ! arabic1 to sections4 ,,*apt] ,,page ,i4 ,,introduction #a ,,ii4 ,,! ,,s5t5ce3 #a4 ,phrases1 clauses1 & s5t5ces4--#b4 ,simple1 complex1 & comp\nd s5t5ces4--#c4 ,v>iety 9 ! use ( s5t5ces4--#d4 ,p]iodic s5t5ces4--#e4 ,bad s5t5ces4--#f4 ,! comma s5t5ce4--#g4 ,s5t5ces )\t unity4--#h4 ,! =mless s5t5ce #d ,,iii4 ,,! ,,p>agraph3 #i4 ,! use ( ! p>agraph4--#aj4 ,! beg9n+4--#aa4 ,unity 9 ! p>agraph4--#ab4 ,! body ( ! p>agraph4--#ac4 ,too _m p>agraphs4--#ad4 ,! end ( a p>agraph4--#ae4 ,quotations #bi ,,iv4 ,,words3 #af4 ,h[ we le>n words4--#ag4 ,! size & "* ( ! ,engli% vocabul>y4--#ah4 ,increas+ "o's vocabul>y4--#ai4 ,synonyms4--#bj4 ,accuracy 9 ! use ( words4--#ba4 ,figures ( spee*4--#bb4 ,mi/akes 9 ! use ( words4--#bc4 ,spell+4--#bd4 ,slang4--#be4 ,errors 9 ! =ms ( words #di ,v4 ,,cond5sation1 ,,expansion1 ,,& ,,p>aphrase3 #bf4 ,writ+ 9 :i* ! ideas are already at h&4--#bg4 ,cond5sation4--#bh4 ,me?od 9 cond5sation4--#bi4 ,expansion4--#cj4 ,! purpose ( expansion4--#ca4 ,p>aphrase4--#cb4 ,p>aphrase ( complete compositions #fi ,,vi4 ,,:ole ,,compositions2 ,,outl9es3 #cc4 ,:ole compositions4-- #cd4 ,outl9es4--#ce4 ,ess5tials 9 a :ole composition4--#cf4 ,h[ to plan an essay #hh ,,vii4 ,,oral ,,composition3 #cg4 ,! great ess5tial4--#ch4 ,h[ to be he>d4--#ci4 ,pronunciation4--#dj4 ,a plan necess>y #ajb ,,viii4 ,,! ,,di>y3 #da4 ,! value ( a di>y4--#db4 ,cont5ts ( a di>y4--#dc4 ,imag9>y di>ies4--#dd4 ,! class di>y #ajf ,,ix4 ,,! ,,lett]3 #de4 ,v>i\s k9ds ( lett]s4--#df4 ,fri5dly lett]s4--#dg4 ,lett]s ( social int]c\rse4--#dh4 ,=mal invitations4--#di4 ,telegrams4--#ej4 ,bus9ess lett]s4--#ea4 ,notices4-- #eb4 ,appeals4--#ec4 ,petitions4--#ed4 ,adv]tisem5ts #aab ,x4 ,,n>ration3 #ee4 ,! ess5tials ( a good n>rative4-- #ef4 ,autobiography4--#eg4 ,biography4--#eh4 ,hi/ory4--#ei4 ,pla9 report+ ( facts4--#fj4 ,conv]sation #acg ,,xi4 ,,description3 #fa4 ,obs]vation4--#fb4 ,g5]al sci5tific description4--#fc4 ,specific sci5tific description4--#fd4 ,te*nical t]ms4--#fe4 ,lit]>y description4--#ff4 ,description ( p4--#fg4 ,long] description4--#fh4 ,description ( conditions4--#fi4 ,description by contra/4--#gj4 ,description ( ev5ts4--#ga4 ,picture mak+ ( sc5es ( action4--#gb4 ,travel4--#gc4 ,descriptions ( an h\r #aee ,,xii4 ,,n>ration 7,cont9u$73 #gd4 ,hi/orical /ories4-- #ge4 ,fictiti\s /ories4--#gf4 ,! beg9n+4-- #gg4 ,! end+4--#gh4 ,! body #ahh ,,xiii4 ,,exposition3 #gi4 ,g5]al pr9ciples4--#hj4 ,explanation ( a mat]ial process4--#ha4 ,explanation ( games4--#hb4 ,exposition ( ab/ract ideas4--#hc4 ,exposition by example4--#hd4 ,exposition by repetition4--#he4 ,exposition by contra/4--#hf4 ,exposition by a figure ( spee* #aii ,,xiv4 ,,argum5t3 #hg4 ,g5]al pr9ciple4--#hh4 ,! introduction4--#hi4 ,! reasons4--#ij4 ,! outl9e4--#ia4 ,! plea4--#ib4 ,o!r =ms #bad ,,xv4 ,,secret>ial ,,"w 7#ic7 #bbe ,,xvi4 ,,v]sification 7#id7 #bcd ,,xvii4 ,,punctuation3 #ie4 ,g5]al !ory ( punctuation4-- #if4 ,! p]iod4--#ig4 ,! "q m>k4--#ih4 ,! exclamation po9t4--#ii4 ,! semicolon4--#ajj4 ,! colon4--#aja4 ,! comma4--#ajb4 ,p>5!ses & brackets4--#ajc4 ,! da%4--#ajd4 ,! apo/rophe4--#aje4 ,quotation m>ks4--#ajf4 ,italics4--#ajg4 ,! hyph54--#ajh4 ,capitals4-- #aji4 ,li/ ( common abbreviations #bdg ,,table ,,( ,,ex]cises ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,s5t5ce ,,ex]cises ,,pages #a-c4 ,di/+ui%+ & con/ruct+ phrases1 clauses1 & s5t5ces #e1 #f #d-ac4 ,di/+ui%+ & con/ruct+ simple1 complex1 & comp\nd s5t5ces #g-ac #ad1 #ae4 ,v>iety 9 ! =m & l5g? ( s5t5ces #ae1 #af #af4 ,di/+ui%+ ! p]iodic s5t5ce #ai #ag-ba4 ,con/ruct+ ! p]iodic s5t5ce #ai-ba #bb-bd4 ,di/+ui%+ & correct+ ! comma s5t5ce #bb1 #bc #be4 ,correct+ s5t5ces t are )\t unity #bd #bf1 #bg4 ,recon/ruct+ =mless s5t5ces #bf-bh ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,p>agraph #bh4 ,not+ ! =ce ( topic s5t5ces #cc #bi4 ,supply+ topic s5t5ces #cd #cj4 ,writ+ %ort p>agraphs f topic s5t5ces #ce #ca4 ,not+ :5 & :y p>agraphs lack unity #cf #cb4 ,mak+ notes = p>agraphs sugge/$ by topic s5t5ces #dj #cc4 ,correct+ bad division into p>agraphs #da #cd4 ,mak+ notes = p>agraphs sugge/$ by summ>y s5t5ces #dc #ce4 ,mak+ summ>y s5t5ces = p>agraphs indicat$ by notes #dd #cf-ch4 ,use ( quotation m>ks #df-dh ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,words #ci-de4 ,increas+ ! vocabul>y #ea1 #eb #df-eb4 ,synonyms #ec-eg #ec4 ,di/+ui%+ betwe5 simil> words #ei #ed-fj4 ,metaphors & similes #fj-fb #fa-fb4 ,slang #fd #fc-ff4 ,errors 9 ! =ms ( words #fe-fg ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,cond5sation1 ,,expansion1 ,,& ,,p>aphrase #fg4 ,cond5s+ p>agraphs #gj #fh-fi4 ,cond5s+ long] passages #ge-gg #gj4 ,exp&+ %ort & sugge/ive /atem5ts #gi #ga4 ,exp&+ = ! sake ( cle>ness #hj #gb-gc4 ,p>aphras+ %ort passages #hb-hd #gd4 ,p>aphras+ complete poems #hg ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,:ole ,,compositions2 ,,outl9es #ge-gf4 ,prep>+ outl9es #if1 #aja ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,oral ,,composition ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,! ,,di>y #gg4 ,imag9>y di>ies #aji ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,! ,,lett] #gh4 ,fri5dly lett]s #aah #gi4 ,lett]s ( social int]c\rse #aba #hj4 ,=mal invitations #abc #ha4 ,telegrams #abd #hb-hd4 ,bus9ess lett]s #abf1 #abh1 #abi #he-hg4 ,notices #aca1 #acb #hh4 ,appeals #acd #hi4 ,petitions #ace #ij-ia4 ,adv]tisem5ts #ace1 #acf ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,n>ration #ib4 ,fables #ach #ic4 ,autobiographical sket*es #ada #id-if4 ,biographical sket*es #adb1 #adc #ig4 ,hi/orical sket*es #aej #ih4 ,report+ facts #aeb #ii4 ,fables told by conv]sation #aec #ajj-aja4 ,imag9>y conv]sations #aec1 #aed ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,description #ajb4 ,practice 9 accurate obs]vation #aeg #ajc-ajd4 ,g5]al sci5tific description #afb #aje-ajg4 ,specific sci5tific description #afc1 #afd #ajh-aji4 ,lit]>y description #afh1 #afi #aaj-aaa4 ,description ( p & animals #agj1 #aga #aab4 ,long] descriptions #agc #aac1 #aad4 ,description ( conditions #age1 #agf #aae4 ,description by contra/ #agg #aaf4 ,description ( ev5ts #agi #aag1 #aah4 ,picture mak+ ( sc5es ( action #ahj1 #aha #aai4 ,sket*es ( travel #ahe #abj4 ,descriptions ( an h\r #ahg ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,n>rative 7,cont9u$7 #aba1 #abb4 ,hi/orical /ories #aij1 #aia #abc4 ,fictiti\s /ories #aic #abd4 ,complet+ /ories1 :5 ! beg9n+ is giv5 #aid #abe4 ,complet+ /ories1 :5 ! end+ is giv5 #aif #abf4 ,complet+ /ories1 :5 ! plot is sugge/$ #aih ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,exposition #abg-abi4 ,explanation ( processes #bjc1 #bjd #acj-aca4 ,explanation ( games1 sports1 etc4 #bjf #acb4 ,explanation by comp>ison & example #bji #acc4 ,explanation 7g5]al7 #baa #acd4 ,explanation ( prov]bs & quotations #bab #ace4 ,explanations ( national fe/ivals #bac ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,argum5t #acf4 ,/atem5t & def9ition ( subject #baf #acg4 ,pleas #bba #ach4 ,argum5t 7g5]al7 #bbb #aci4 ,giv+ reasons = p]sonal pref]5ce #bbc ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,secret>ial ,,"w #adj-ada4 ,m9utes1 (ficial lett]s1 etc4 #bbh1 #bcj ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,v]sification #adb4 ,arrang+ v]se 9 /anza =m #bdj ,complet+ rhymes #bda #adc-add4 ,putt+ fables into v]se #bdc #ade4 ,writ+ lett]s1 invitations1 & /ories 9 v]se #bde ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,punctuation #adf4 ,! semicolon #bea #adg4 ,! colon & ! semicolon #beb #adh4 ,! comma #beg #adi4 ,punctuation ( direct quotations #bfj #aej4 ,punctuation ( p>tial quotations #bfb #aea4 ,punctuation ( quotations )9 quotations #bfb #aeb4 ,capital lett]s #bfe #aec4 ,review ( punctuation #bff ,,elem5t>y ,,composition ,,*apt] ,i ,,introduction ,= sev]al ye>s y h writt51 f "t to "t1 %ort compositions4 ,^! h be5 lett]s1 or /ories1 or descriptions1 or explanations ( ideas y _h 9 m9d1 or summ>ies ( y\r lessons 9 hi/ory or geography4 ,y h n[ come to a po9t 9 y\r education :]e x w be well = y to take up composition z a sep>ate subject1 /udy+ x z y w\ld geography or hi/ory4 ,let u beg9 by ask+ ourselves :at x is4 ,:at is composition8 ,:at geography & hi/ory are1 x is easy to see4 ,geography is ! subject t has to d ) ! _w z a place4 ,we le>n ! names t m5 h giv5 to ! p>ts ( ! _w1 l>ge & small2 &1 ) reg>d to ea* c\ntry1 :at are its climate & ! nature ( its soil1 its products & manufactures1 its cities1 & m\nta9s1 & riv]s4 ,hi/ory is ! subject t has to d ) ! actions ( ! inhabitants ( ! _w4 ,we le>n :at 7 ! *ief nations t h exi/$ or /ill exi/1 :at 7 ! important ev5ts t took place 9 ea* nation1 z "t w5t on1 & :o 7 ! great m5 t %ap$ its de/9ies4 ,any "o :o knew ab\t all ! ma9 ev5ts 9 ! life ( all ! great nations w\ld be a v le>n$ p]son inde$2 b y h already read or /udi$ "s v important ?+s 9 ! hi/ory ( ,greece or ,rome1 or ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ?us h a g5]al idea ( ! hi/ory ( "o or m ( ^! nations4 ,s9ce ! beg9n+ ( "t m5 h be5 talk+ to "o ano!r1 & _m ?\s& ye>s ago !y f\nd a way ( communicat+ ) "o ano!r by writt5 signs or lett]s2 & n s _m hundr$ ye>s ago !y discov]$ pr9t+1 :i* enables "o p]son to communicate ) _m p 9 diff]5t places at ! same "t4 ,all ov] ! _w1 !n1 p are speak+ words or writ+ words1 & o!r p are he>+ or read+ ^! words & try+ to und]/& ! ?\ghts int5d$ to be express$ by !m4 ,we h v>i\s words to express comb9ations ( spok5 or writt5 words1 su* z talk or conv]sation1 spee*1 oration1 address1 lecture1 s]mon1 lett]1 telegram1 essay1 novel1 poem1 & v _m o!rs4 ,n[1 x is obvi\s t a p]son may wi% to express 8 ideas & yet n be successful 9 do+ s4 ,words may be comb9$ s z to express ?\ghts well or to express !m badly4 ,composition is ! subject t has to d ) ! be/ expression ( ?\ght by language4 ,b h[1 !n1 does composition diff] f gramm>8 ,gramm> is really a "p--a small "p--( composition4 ,ea* language has c]ta9 cu/oms ) reg>d to ! =ms :i* words h "u v>i\s circum/ances1 & to ! ord] 9 :i* ! p>ts ( a s5t5ce are plac$1 z well z a sy/em ( names = diff]5t k9ds ( words & s5t5ces & p>ts ( s5t5ces4 ,?is body ( cu/oms or rules we call gramm>4 ,b gramm> takes into acc\nt ma9ly ! =m ( a s5t5ce1 & pays little or no att5tion to its mean+4 ,composition1 on ! o!r h&1 deals ma9ly ) words z expressions ( ?\ght4 ,9 our /udy ( composition1 !n1 we are to le>n h[ to comb9e or gr\p our words s z be/ to express our ideas4 ,!re are ?ree ways ( ga9+ skill 9 composition3-- #a4 ,by foll[+ a rule or !ory4 #b4 ,by practice4 #c4 ,by imitation4 ,!re are c]ta9 rules 9 composition :i* are bas$ on ! exp]i5ce ( _m writ]s & speak]s4 ,^! y w le>n z we g on4 ,^! rules w n be ( v mu* value to y1 h[ev]1 unless y put !m into practice4 ,if y want to le>n h[ to swim1 y c get ! g5]al idea f a fri5d or a tea*]2 b t g5]al idea w n enable y to swim4 ,y mu/ le>n to swim by swimm+4 ,9 ! same way1 y mu/ le>n composition by compos+4 ,keep try+ to express y\r ideas2 let y\r tea*]s & fri5ds tell y h[ cle>ly !y und]/& y1 take _! criticism to he>t1 & try aga94 ,! ?ird way to le>n composition is by imitation1 & t is a v good way inde$4 ,:5 y ?9k t "s "o else writes well1 try to write l him or h]4 ,imitation is ! greate/ possible help 9 le>n+ h[ to d any?+ well4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,s5t5ce #a4 ,phrases1 ,clauses1 & ,s5t5ces4--,composition means putt+ toge!r or comb9+ or gr\p+4 ,! ?+s t we comb9e are words4 ,!re are ?ree simple ways 9 :i*1 accord+ to ! cu/oms or gramm> ( our language1 words are comb9$3-- #a4 ,into phrases4 #b4 ,into clauses4 #c4 ,into s5t5ces4 ,a phrase is a gr\p ( words t does n conta9 a subject & a pr$icate4 ,,examples4 ,on ! way4 ,9 ! morn+4 ,by ! fire4 ,sail+ ov] ! sea4 ,a clause is a gr\p ( words t conta9s a subject & a pr$icate4 ,a clause 9 :i* ! words d n make complete s5se is call$ a dep5d5t or subord9ate clause4 ,,examples4 ,if ,i c\ld g4 ,:5 ! sun rose4 ,:ile ,i 0 speak+4 ,:i* ,i saw4 ,a s5t5ce is a gr\p ( words conta9+ at lea/ "o subject & "o pr$icate & mak+ complete s5se4 ,a s5t5ce is ?us a s+le clause or a gr\p ( clauses4 ,9 a gr\p ( clauses1 a clause 9 :i* ! s5se is complete is call$ an indep5d5t or pr9cipal clause4 ,,examples4 ,he />t$ at once4 ,if ,i c\ld1 ,i %\ld />t at once4 ,:5 ! sun rose1 ! mi/ disappe>$4 ,:ile ,i 0 speak+1 ! ra9 fell heavily4 ,nei!r ! phrase nor ! dep5d5t clause c be us$ by itself4 ,ea* is only a "p ( a s5t5ce4 ,! fir/ rule ( ,engli% composition is t we mu/ gr\p our words 9 s5t5ces4 ,,exception4 ,exclamatory words1 phrases1 or clauses1 su* z1 ,fudge6 ,sil5ce 9 ! ranks6 ,if ,i c\ld only g6 ,ex]cise #a4--,:i* are dep5d5t clauses8 phrases8 s5t5ces8 ,fill out ! phrases & clauses s t !y become s5t5ces4 #a4 ,a little aft] noon4 #b4 ,i f\nd ! sea v calm4 #c4 ,if we _h kept on bo>d4 #d4 ,we %\ld h be5 all safe4 #e4 ,tak+ (f my out] clo!s4 #f4 ,:5 ,i came to ! %ip4 #g4 ,h[ to get on bo>d4 #h4 ,i spi$ a small piece ( rope4 #i4 ,by ! help ( t rope4 #aj4 ,t all ! %ip's provisions 7 dry4 #aa4 ,:5 ?is 0 done4 #ab4 ,putt+ !m toge!r 9 ! =m ( a raft4 #ac4 ,i fill$ ! *e/s ) provisions4 #ad4 ,t[>d ! l&4 #ae4 ,my raft w5t v well4 #af4 ,9 ! m\? ( a little riv]4 #ag4 ,on ! "r %ore ( ! creek4 #ah4 ,i made a t5t ) ! sail4 #ai4 ,ne> ! sea4 #bj4 ,protect$ f ! heat ( ! sun4 ,ex]cise #b4--;,divide ! foll[+ passages into s5t5ces4 ,supply ! omitt$ capitals & ! p]iods or "q m>ks4 #a4 ,h[ late ! *imney-swifts are abroad ,i _c det]m9e long aft] ,i fail$ to detect any 9 ! air ,i c\ld he> !m 9 my *imney x 0 ! same ru/l+ s\nd ,i he>d by day :5 ,i c\ld see !m com+ & go+ & ,i "k t ^! birds 7 leav+ & return+ :5 ! night 0 v d>k ,i ?9k !y c be class$ among ! nocturnal species #b4 ,_m ye>s ago !re 0 a cold ra9-/orm 9 ,june = com=t a fire 0 built on ! op5 he>? in/ead ( 9 ! air-tight /ove t /ood be=e x all w5t well until ! night 0 well advanc$ sudd5ly a /ruggle 0 he>d & suppress$ cries aft] a brief sil5ce !re 0 a %uffl+ ( feet at ! door/ep ! m5 w5t out ) a lant]n b no "o 0 to be se5 ! w9d[s 7 !n se>*$ b !re 0 nobody ne> !m ! matt] 0 discuss$ 9 :isp]s aga9 & aga9 ! noises 7 he>d at la/ :5 ev]ybody 0 r\s$ to a high pit* ( excitem5t ! long /ovepipe heat$ by ! flames ^u ! he>? p>t$ at a jo9t & out flew a sooty & b$raggl$ little owl no "o 0 sup]/iti\s !n b suppose ! owl _h made its way back to ! *imney & by ?is way escap$ w\ld n e p]son pres5t h _h vague uncanny feel+s w\ld n ! h\se f t "t h be5 haunt$ ,ex]cise #c4--a4 ,write a %ort passage conta9+ ! phrases & clauses us$ 9 ,ex]cise #a4 #b4 ,write a %ort passage conta9+ ! foll[+ phrases & clauses3-- ,ab\t noon--go+ t[>d my boat--on ! s&--! pr9t ( a man's nak$ foot--z if ,i _h se5 a gho/--up to a ris+ gr\nd--to look ar\nd--s fright5$ 0 ,i--beh9d me--e n[ & !n--fancy+ e /ump to be a man4 #b4 ,simple1 ,complex1 & ,comp\nd ,s5t5ces4--,accord+ to ! cu/om or gramm> ( our language1 we may gr\p our words 9 s5t5ces 9 ?ree ways4 ,s5t5ces are1 f ! po9t ( gramm>1 ( ?ree k9ds3 simple1 complex1 & comp\nd4 ,a simple s5t5ce consi/s ( a s+le clause4 ,,examples4 ,! man fell4 ,! birds s+ mo/ sweetly at morn+ & at ev5+4 ,! subject or ! pr$icate ( a simple s5t5ce1 or bo?1 may1 h[ev]1 consi/ ( sev]al p>ts4 ,,examples4 ,! man & ! *ild fell4 ,! man slipp$ & fell4 ,! man & ! *ild slipp$ & fell4 ,a complex s5t5ce conta9s "o indep5d5t or pr9cipal clause & "o or m dep5d5t or subord9ate clauses4 ,,examples4 ,x 0 ne>ly night :5 we he>d ! glad news4 ,be=e help c\ld rea* ! city1 x _h be5 captur$ by ! enemy4 ,a comp\nd s5t5ce conta9s two or m indep5d5t or pr9cipal clauses1 ei!r ) or )\t dep5d5t or subord9ate clauses4 ,,examples4 ,e m9ute seem$ a day2 e h\r 0 a ye>4 ,f9ally1 ,i dropp$ into an exhau/$ slumb]1 b ,i 0 awak5$ by ! s\nd ( bells4 ,! sun1 :i* resembl$ a ball ( fire1 t\*$ ! horizon & pass$ b5ea? x1 & ! d>kness ( ! tropical night came swiftly ov] u4 ,ex]cise #d4--,:i* s5t5ces are simple8 complex8 comp\nd8 ,9 ! complex s5t5ces1 :i* clauses are dep5d5t8 ,9 ! comp\nd s5t5ces1 sep>ate ! indep5d5t clauses f ea* o!r4 ,m5tion any dep5d5t clauses :i* y f9d 9 ! comp\nd s5t5ces4 #a4 ,x 0 n[ ne> ! beg9n+ ( ! mon? ( ,june1 & we _h twelve weeks ( bad wea!r be=e u4 #b4 ,our rocky home 0 greatly improv$ by a wide por*1 :i* ,i made along ! :ole front ( our rooms & entrances4 #c4 ,! weeks ( imprisonm5t pass$ s rapidly t no "o f\nd "t hang+ heavy on 8 h&s4 #d4 ,z ! ra9y season drew to a close1 ! wea!r = a :ile became mild]4 #e4 ,?und] ro>$1 lightn+ blaz$1 torr5ts ru%$ t[>d ! sea1 :i* came 9 rag+ bill[s to meet !m4 #f4 ,nature resum$ h] smil+ aspect ( peaceful beauty2 & soon all traces ( ! ravages ( floods & /orms disappe>$ b5ea? ! luxuriant vegetation ( ! tropics4 #g4 ,! rec5t /orms _h /irr$ ! ocean to its dep?s4 #h4 ,we cross$ ! riv] = a walk along ! coa/1 & pres5tly ,fritz obs]v$ on a small isl& some?+ :i* 0 long & r\nd$1 resembl+ a boat bottom upw>d4 #i4 ,! isl& be+ /eep & rocky1 x 0 necess>y to be c>eful2 b we f\nd a good l&+ place on ! f>!r side4 #aj4 ,! boys hurri$ by ! ne>e/ way to ! bea* :]e lay ! great object1 :i* prov$ to be a huge /r&$ :ale4 #aa4 ,look at ^! glori\s %ells & coral bran*es6 #ab4 ,did y notice ! extreme delicacy ( ! %ells8 #ac4 ,we 7 soon ready to return to ! boat1 b ,erne/ _h a fancy = rema9+ alone on ! isl& till we came back4 #ad4 ,! m oil we c\ld obta9 ! bett]1 = a great deal 0 us$ 9 ! l>ge lant]n :i* burnt day & night 9 ! recesses ( ! cave4 #ae4 ,x 0 unpleasant "w to cut up blubb]4 ,ex]cise #e4--;,exp& ! foll[+ simple s5t5ces by sub/itut+ clauses = ! italiciz$ words or phrases4 ,,example4 ,i consid] him a tru/wor?y man4 ,i consid] him a man :o c be tru/$4 #a4 ,! e>ly bird cat*es ! worm4 #b4 ,we />t$ be=e sunrise4 #c4 ,! fai?ful /ew>d receiv$ a rew>d4 #d4 ,i d n d\bt y\r prud5ce4 #e4 ,!y liv$ 9 a rose-emb[]$ cottage4 #f4 ,santa ,claus came at c&le-light+ "t4 #g4 ,we pity ! fri5dless4 #h4 ,! pray] ( a righte\s man availe? mu*4 #i4 ,we %\ld %>e ! burd5s ( ! heavy-lad54 #aj4 ,%e c>ri$ a da9ty lace-trimm$ h&k]*ief4 #aa4 ,we l+]$ 9 ! lilac-sc5t$ g>d54 #ab4 ,a k9d-he>t$ man delights 9 ! happ9ess ( o!rs4 #ac4 ,! travel] wore a fur-l9$ coat4 #ad4 ,i enjoy driv+ a spirit$ horse4 #ae4 ,a solemn-look+ s]vant op5$ ! door4 ,ex]cise #f4--,use s+le words 9 place ( ! italiciz$ phrases & clauses 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 #a4 ,we 7 /epp+ t[>d ! we/4 #b4 ,a %\t ( joy rang ?r\gh ! woods4 #c4 ,! song ( ! bluebird s\nds f ! elm4 #d4 ,h] w$d+ g[n1 :i* 0 made ( silk1 0 v exp5sive4 #e4 ,words ( k9dness *e] ^? :o are unhappy4 #f4 ,we li/5$ to 8 tales1 :i* 7 (t5 repeat$4 #g4 ,8 de$s ( m]cy made him belov$4 #h4 ,a look ( sadness cl\d$ ! face ( ! lead]4 #i4 ,! lawy] :o is able secures _m cli5ts4 #aj4 ,he visit$ ! c\ntry1 :i* _h rec5tly be5 discov]$4 ,ex]cise #g4--,sub/itute1 = ! italiciz$ words1 phrases or clauses ) ! same mean+4 ,,example4 ,cont5t$ p are happy 7^w74 ,p ) cont5t$ m9ds are happy 7phrase74 ,p :o are cont5t$ are happy 7clause74 #a4 ,an hone/ man is ! noble/ "w ( ,god4 #b4 ,a fri5dly man w h fri5ds4 #c4 ,he is said to be a good-natur$ man4 #d4 ,a beautiful *ild op5$ ! g>d5-gate4 #e4 ,%e wore a simple musl9 frock4 #f4 ,! k+ wore 8 gold5 cr[n4 #g4 ,he liv$ a noble life4 #h4 ,! g>d5 is fill$ ) fragrant blossoms4 #i4 ,old ,k+ ,cole 0 a m]ry old s\l4 #aj4 ,! que5 made "s delici\s t>ts4 #aa4 ,he spoke ha/ily4 #ab4 ,y h a v com=table home4 #ac4 ,he treat$ ! boy h>%ly4 #ad4 ,take h] up t5d]ly4 #ae4 ,bew>e ! fury ( a pati5t man4 ,ex]cise #h4--;,comb9e ea* set ( simple s5t5ces into "o complex s5t5ce by *ang+ "o ( !m into a dep5d5t clause4 #a4 ,! sun is 9 ! we/4 ,man ceases f labor4 #b4 ,! dew is fall+4 ,y mu/ n walk 9 ! g>d54 #c4 ,! clock /ruck twelve4 ,! door op5$ to admit ,m>ley's gho/4 #d4 ,m>y has n writt5 to me4 ,%e has be5 gone a mon?4 #e4 ,! bee is v indu/ri\s4 ,x is always ga!r+ honey4 #f4 ,i saw a little r$ owl4 ,x lives 9 a holl[ tree4 #g4 ,we pit*$ our t5ts on ! %ore4 ,!n ! sea w9ds blew4 #h4 ,we an*or$ 9 ! bay4 ,! wat] 0 calm4 #i4 ,!y liv$ 9 a village4 ,x 0 _m miles f a railroad4 #aj4 ,! poor suff]$4 ,! good man m\rn$4 ,ex]cise #i4--;,comb9e ! simple s5t5ces1 mak+ comp\nd s5t5ces4 #a4 ,! w9d blew fre%ly f ! %ore4 ,! uneasy bill[s toss$ up & d[n4 #b4 ,eu/ace sat "u a tree4 ,! *ildr5 ga!r$ r\nd him4 #c4 ,c[>ds are cruel4 ,! brave love m]cy4 #d4 ,*>ms /rike ! sight4 ,m]it w9s ! s\l4 #e4 ,he invit$ 8 gue/s to rema9 long]4 ,!y wi%$ to />t be=e ! heat ( ! day4 #f4 ,! heav5 0 above 8 head4 ,! s& 0 b5ea? 8 feet4 #g4 ,! wat] trickl$ among ! rocks4 ,a pleasant breeze ru/l$ 9 ! dry bran*es4 #h4 ,! comm&] 0 badly w\nd$4 ,8 m5 7 scatt]$4 #i4 ,x 0 half-pa/ eight 9 ! ev5+4 ,! conflict _h rag$ = an h\r4 #aj4 ,! heav5s decl>e ! glory ( ,god4 ,! firmam5t %[e? 8 h&iwork4 ,ex]cise #aj4--;,comb9e ! foll[+ /atem5ts into simple s5t5ces4 ,9 ea* gr\p express ! idea ( "o /atem5t by a modify+ ^w or phrase4 ,,examples4 #a4 ,%e lay d[n4 ,%e 0 sorr[ful4 ,sorr[fully %e lay d[n4 #b4 ,%e _h no %oes4 ,%e _h to g b>efoot4 ,hav+ no %oes1 %e _h to g b>efoot4 #a4 ,he look$ back4 ,he saw a cl\d ( du/4 #b4 ,he sprang to 8 feet4 ,he ran aft] ! mess5g]4 #c4 ,he donn$ ! :ite cockade4 ,he f\ght = ! exil$ pr9ce4 #d4 ,we climb$ ! m\nta94 ,! day 0 cool4 #e4 ,we />t$ = home4 ,! sun _h set4 #f4 ,he lift$ 8 eyes4 ,he look$ t[>d heav54 ,he ?ank$ ,god4 #g4 ,x 0 e>ly morn+4 ,he r[$ across ! lake4 #h4 ,he left e>ly4 ,he wi%$ to cat* ! tra94 #i4 ,he 0 v /udi\s4 ,he won ! s*ol>%ip4 #aj4 ,i w5t = a ramble4 ,i took little ,annie ) me4 #aa4 ,john is a blacksmi?4 ,he lives 9 ! village4 #ab4 ,he %oes horses4 ,he does x skillfully4 #ac4 ,! bluebird s+s4 ,he tells u spr+ is "h4 #ad4 ,we fe>$ to />t4 ,! night 0 /ormy4 #ae4 ,! wat*man 0 we>y4 ,he slept at 8 po/4 ,ex]cise #aa4--;,comb9e ! foll[+ /atem5ts by us+ relative pron\ns4 ,,examples4 ,! flames lit ! wreck4 ,!y %one on ! dead4 ,! flames t lit ! wreck %one on ! dead4 #a4 ,we he>d ! roll ( pond]\s :eels4 ,!y r\s$ u f our slumb]s4 #b4 ,travel]s are surpris$ at ! beauty ( ! spot4 ,!y occasionally come ^u x by accid5t4 #c4 ,our ?roats are *ok$ ) ! du/4 ,x lies ?ick along ! road4 #d4 ,he drank a cup ( cold wat]4 ,?is refre%$ him4 #e4 ,along came a flock ( %eep4 ,!y 7 be+ driv5 to m>ket4 #f4 ,i w5t to live 9 a c\ntry village4 ,x 0 m ?an a hundr$ miles f home4 #g4 ,! wat] gu%$ f a little spr+4 ,x sp>kl$ 9 ! sun%9e4 #h4 ,! villag]s 7 k9dly p4 ,!y welcom$ /rang]s4 #i4 ,i wat* ! sunrise /eal+ d[n ! /eeple4 ,?is /&s opposite my *amb] w9d[4 #aj4 ,up came a gallant y\?4 ,he wore a sc>f ( ! ra9b[ patt]n crosswise on 8 brea/4 #aa4 ,he f\nd "u x a sl5d] little boy4 ,! boy wail$ bitt]ly4 #ab4 ,! ,puritan saw ! boy's fright5$ gaze4 ,he endeavor$ to reassure him4 #ac4 ,"h is a little outca/4 ,provid5ce ha? put him 9 our h&s4 #ad4 ,a "y man 0 on 8 way to ,morri/[n4 ,he 0 a p$dl] by trade4 #ae4 ,a little can>y bird s+s sweetly4 ,x hangs 9 its gild$ cage at my w9d[4 ,ex]cise #ab4--;,fill ! blanks ) conjunctions select$ f ! foll[+ li/4 &1 also1 likewise1 moreov]1 besides1 fur!rmore1 b1 yet1 h[ev]1 nev]!less1 or1 ei!r1 nor1 nei!r1 !re=e1 h5ce1 !n1 accord+ly4 #a4 ,!y _h be5 fri5ds 9 y\?1 ---- :isp]+ tongues c poison tru?4 #b4 ,! waves beside !m danc$1 ---- !y outdid ! sp>kl+ waves 9 glee4 #c4 ,! sun sank to re/2 ---- we l+]$4 #d4 ,i came1 ,i saw1 ---- ,i conqu]$4 #e4 ,he want$ to live1 ---- he want$ to "w4 #f4 ,! owl has a backbone2 ---- x is a v]tebrate4 #g4 ,our =e/ life 0 r\gh2 ---- dang]s clos$ u r\nd4 #h4 ,k comes2 ---- wisdom l+]s4 #i4 ',tis w9t] n[1 ---- spr+ w blossom soon4 #aj4 ,we _h guns2 ---- we _h an abundance ( ammunition4 #aa4 ,i g1 ---- ,i return4 #ab4 ,all ! riv]s run into ! sea2 ---- ! sea is n full4 #ac4 ,x is /orm+2 ---- we w n g4 #ad4 ,he =gave 8 enemy2 ---- he 0 m]ciful4 #ae4 ,he is n tir$1 ---- he is lazy4 #af4 ,! day prov$ cle>2 ---- we began our j\rney4 #ag4 ,!y _h ---- locks to _! doors ---- b>s to _! w9d[s4 #ah4 ,i assur$ him ( my will+ness2 ---- he hesitat$4 #ai4 ,he prov$ himself hone/2 ---- ,i tru/$ him4 #bj4 ,! /orm rag$2 ---- we pu%$ on4 ,ex]cise #ac4--,two ideas are sometimes /at$ z ( equal importance 7comp\nd s5t5ce71 :5 "o is really dep5d5t ^u ! o!r 7complex s5t5ce74 ,,example4 ,i 0 on my way to s*ool ye/]day morn+1 & ,i met my c\s9 ,raymond4 ,to revise su* a s5t5ce z ?is1 decide :i* clause conta9s ! ma9 idea1 & make ?is ! pr9cipal clause1 putt+ ! subord9ate idea 9 a subord9ate clause4 ,e4g4 ,z ,i 0 on my way to s*ool ye/]day morn+1 ,i met my c\s9 ,raymond4 ,recon/ruct ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 mak+ !m complex in/ead ( comp\nd3-- #a4 ,! sun 0 hot1 & we re/$ 9 ! %ade4 #b4 ,we visit$ ,/rat=d1 & "h ,%aksp]e liv$4 #c4 ,! poor man 0 b5t ) age1 & he /agg]$ "u ! heavy load4 #d4 ,! old woman liv$ 9 a little cottage1 & x /ood on ! edge ( ! woods4 #e4 ,i 0 walk+ along ! c\ntry roads1 & ,i saw "s wild /rawb]ries4 #f4 ,! little boy c>ri$ a bundle1 & x seem$ v heavy4 #g4 ,! night 0 *illy1 & we built a fire 9 ! grate4 #h4 ,i wi%$ to pass away ! "t1 & ,i read a newspap]4 #i4 ,he 0 v ambiti\s1 & he wi%$ to become ,presid5t4 #aj4 ,%e /ruck a mat*1 & x burn$ ) a feeble light4 #c4 ,v>iety 9 ! ,use ( ,s5t5ces3--,all y\r s5t5ces mu/ be simple1 or complex1 or comp\nd2 b !re is no reason :y y %\ld use "o ( ! ?ree k9ds 9 pref]5ce to ano!r4 ,if y exam9e a passage :i* y ?9k int]e/+1 y w be q likely to f9d t "s s5t5ces are simple1 "s complex1 & "s comp\nd4 ,! v>iety is pleas+4 ,if all ! s5t5ces _h be5 ( "o k9d1 ! result w\ld h be5 decid$ly monoton\s4 ,pupils sometimes ask :e!r !y %\ld use long s5t5ces or %ort s5t5ces4 ,?is "q is really answ]$ 9 ! prec$+ p>agraph1 = a simple s5t5ce is usually %ort] ?an a complex or a comp\nd s5t5ce4 ,! fact is t :at we l is v>iety4 ,until y are m exp]i5c$ 9 composition1 x w be well = y1 9 g5]al1 to use comp>atively %ort s5t5ces1--t is1 s5t5ces ( n m ?an tw5ty-five or ?irty words4 ,y %\ld feel at lib]ty1 h[ev]1 to foll[ y\r own ta/e 9 su* matt]s1 provid$ t y\r s5t5ces are n regul>ly ( ab\t ! same l5g? & ab\t ! same =m1 s t y\r writ+ is lack+ 9 v>iety4 ,be p>ticul>ly c>eful1 moreov]1 to avoid ! s5t5ce :i* is s long z n to be easily und]/ood1 su* z ! foll[+3-- ,i rose s(tly1 slipp$ on my clo!s1 op5$ ! door sudd5ly1 & beheld "o ( ! mo/ beautiful little fairy gr\ps t a pa9t] c\ld imag9e1 consi/+ ( a boy & two girls1 ! elde/ n m ?an six1 & lovely z s]aphs1 :o 7 go+ ! r\nds ( ! h\se1 s++ at e *amb] door1 until my sudd5 appe>ance fright5$ !m into mute ba%fulness1 s t !y rema9$ = a mom5t play+ on _! lips ) _! f+]s1 & n[ & !n /eal+ a %y glance f "u _! eyebr[s1 until1 z if by "o impulse1 !y scamp]$ away1 & z !y turn$ an angle ( ! gall]y1 ,i he>d !m laugh+ 9 triumph at _! escape4 ,see h[ mu* ?is passage is improv$ :5 ! long s5t5ce is brok5 up into %ort] s5t5ces3-- ,i rose s(tly1 slipp$ on my clo!s1 op5$ ! door sudd5ly1 & beheld "o ( ! mo/ beautiful little fairy gr\ps t a pa9t] c\ld imag9e4 ,x consi/$ ( a boy & two girls1 ! elde/ n m ?an six1 & lovely z s]aphs4 ,!y 7 go+ ! r\nds ( ! h\se1 s++ at e *amb] door1 b my sudd5 appe>ance fright5$ !m into mute ba%fulness4 ,!y rema9$ = a mom5t play+ on _! lips ) _! f+]s1 & n[ & !n /eal+ a %y glance f "u _! eyebr[s1 until1 z if by "o impulse1 !y scamp]$ away1 & z !y turn$ an angle ( ! gall]y1 ,i he>d !m laugh+ 9 triumph at _! escape4 ,ex]cise #ad4--;,i4 ,improve ! foll[+ passage by comb9+ "s ( ! s5t5ces1 mak+ l>g] complex or comp\nd s5t5ces3-- ,i explor$ an old cell>4 ,i notic$ a slight break 9 ! wall4 ,! neck ( a bottle project$ f x4 ,i drew x f its re/+ place4 ,x prov$ to be a qua9t gre5 glass bottle4 ,x bore a label4 ,! label read ,currant ,w9e1 #ahjb4 ,i smack$ my lips4 ,i h&$ ! bottle to my companion to op54 ,he pull$ ! cork out ) 8 tee?4 ,we fill$ two tumbl]s4 ,i ?ank$ him4 ,i rais$ ! glass to my lips4 ,i took a deep draught4 ,in/antly ,i b\nd$ to my feet4 ,my b\nd w\ld h done cr$it to an a?lete4 ,i made = ! spr+-h\se4 ,seems to me1 rem>k$ ! old t5ant ( ! h\se1--seems to me t 0 horse l9im5t4 ,i "k ! smell4 ,,ii4 ,improve ! foll[+ passage by us+ a great] numb] ( s5t5ces3-- ,once ^u a "t !re 7 two pr9ces :o 7 tw9s & !y liv$ 9 ! pleasant vale ( ,argos1 f> away 9 ,hellas1 :]e !y _h fruitful mead[s & v9ey>ds1 %eep & ox51 & great h]ds ( horses & all t m5 c\ld ne$ to make !m ble/1 & yet !y 7 wret*$1 because !y 7 jeal\s ( ea* o!r1 & f ! mom5t !y 7 born began to qu>rel4 ,ex]cise #ae4--;,improve ! foll[+ by v>y+ ! l5g? ( y\r s5t5ces1 mak+ "s long & "s %ort3-- ,a sleep fell ^u ! :ole ca/le4 ,! beautiful pr9cess slept 9 h] *amb]4 ,! k+ & ! que5 7 9 ! great hall4 ,!y fell fa/ asleep4 ,! horses slept 9 _! /alls4 ,! dogs slept 9 ! y>d4 ,! pigeons slept on ! ro(4 ,! v fire on ! he>? slept l ! re/4 ,! meat on ! spit ceas$ roa/+4 ,! w9d ceas$4 ,n a leaf fell f ! trees ab\t ! ca/le4 ,ar\nd ab\t t place grew a h$ge ( ?orns4 ,at la/ ! :ole ca/le 0 hidd5 f view4 ,no?+ c\ld be se5 b ! vane on ! ro(4 ,ye>s aft] a k+'s son came into t c\ntry4 ,he he>d ab\t ! en*ant$ ca/le4 ,he came ne> ! h$ge ( ?orns4 ,x *ang$ into a h$ge ( beautiful fl[]s4 ,he pass$ ?r\gh into ! ca/le y>d4 ,he saw ! horses & ! hunt+ dogs ly+ asleep4 ,on ! ro(1 ! pigeons 7 sitt+ ) _! heads "u _! w+s4 ,he ent]$ ! kit*54 ,! flies on ! wall 7 asleep4 ,! cook _h h] h& uplift$ to /rike ! scullion4 ,! kit*5 maid _h a f[l 9 h] lap ready to pluck4 ,he m\nt$ high]4 ,he saw ! :ole c\rt asleep4 ,! k+ & ! que5 7 asleep on _! ?rones4 ,at la/ he came to ! t[]4 ,he w5t up ! w9d+ /air4 ,he op5$ ! door4 ,he ent]$ ! room ( ! pr9cess4 ,he /oop$ & kiss$ ! pr9cess4 ,%e op5$ h] eyes & look$ k9dly at him4 ,%e rose4 ,!y w5t =? toge!r4 ,!n ! k+ & que5 & :ole c\rt wak$ up4 ,! horses rose & %ook !mselves4 ,! h\nds sprang up & wagg$ _! tails4 ,! pigeons flew into ! field4 ,! kit*5 fire leap$ up & cook$ ! meat4 ,! cook gave ! scullion a box on ! e>4 ,he ro>$ out4 ,! maid w5t on pluck+ ! f[l4 ,! w$d+ ( ! pr9ce & pr9cess 0 celebrat$ ) great spl5dor4 ,!y liv$ happily ev] aft]4 #d4 ,p]iodic ,s5t5ces4--,we h n[ discuss$ s5t5ces ) reg>d to _! grammatical /ructure & ) reg>d to _! l5g?4 ,!re is "o m way 9 :i* !y may be look$ at2 t is1 ! degree to :i* ! s5se is susp5d$4 ,?is w require a little explanation4 ,9 ea* ( ! foll[+ s5t5ces two v]tical l9es are plac$ at ! spot :]e ! words fir/ make complete s5se4 #a4 ,:5ev] he comes1 he is w>mly welcom$4 #b4 ,he is w>mly welcom$ :5ev] he comes4 #c4 ,:5 ,absalom di$1 ,david m\rn$4 #d4 ,david m\rn$ :5 ,absalom di$4 #e4 ,z ! ,presid5t pass$1 ! soldi]s salut$4 #f4 ,! soldi]s salut$ z ! ,presid5t pass$4 #g4 ,:ile !re is life1 !re is hope4 #h4 ,! sun %9es on ! j & ! unju/4 #i4 ,! /eam tug _h long s9ce let slip h] haws]s1 & gone pant+ away ) a d]isive scream4 #aj4 ,! %ip seem$ q pr\d ( be+ left to take c>e ( itself1 &1 ) its huge :ite sails bulg$ out1 /rutt$ (f l a va9 turkey4 ,:5 ! words 9 a s5t5ce are s arrang$ t ! s5se is n imm$iately complete1 ! s5se is said to be susp5d$4 ,a s5t5ce 9 :i* ! s5se is susp5d$ until ! end1 or ne> ! end1 is call$ a p]iodic s5t5ce4 ,a s5t5ce 9 :i* ! s5se is n susp5d$ until ! end1 or ne> ! end1 is call$ a loose s5t5ce4 ,a p]iodic s5t5ce1 unless x is long & clumsy1 (t5 /imulates ! att5tion4 ,y _c und]/& x at all until y get ne> ! close1 & ?is v fact keeps y\r int]e/ alive & leads y\r m9d on4 ,9 ! foll[+ passage ! s5t5ces are p]iodic3-- ,9 ! mid/ ( a g>d5 grew a rosebu% cov]$ ) roses4 ,9 "o ( !m1 ! mo/ beautiful ( all1 !re dwelt an elf4 ,s t9y 0 he t no human eye c\ld see him4 ,beh9d e leaf 9 ! rose he _h a b$room4 ,oh1 :at a fragrance !re 0 9 8 rooms6 ,! walls1 :i* 7 made ( ! pale p9k rose leaves1 7 v cle> & bright4 ,fly+ f fl[] to fl[]1 danc+ on ! w+s ( ! butt]flies1 rejoic+ 9 ! w>m sun%9e1 he l$ a peaceful & happy life4 ,"h is ! same p>agraph1 s writt5 t none ( ! s5t5ces is p]iodic4 ,does n ! p>agraph seem a little flat8 ,a rosebu% cov]$ ) roses grew 9 ! mid/ ( a g>d54 ,an elf dwelt 9 "o ( !m1 ! mo/ beautiful ( all4 ,no human eye c\ld see him1 he 0 s t9y4 ,he _h a b$room beh9d e leaf 9 ! rose4 ,oh1 !re 0 a great fragrance 9 8 rooms6 ,! walls 7 v cle> & bright1 & 7 made ( ! pale p9k rose leaves4 ,he l$ a peaceful & happy life1 fly+ f fl[] to fl[]1 danc+ on ! w+s ( ! butt]flies & rejoic+ 9 ! w>m sun%9e4 ,! po9t "h1 z 9 ! o!r simil> matt]s we h discuss$1 is t ! m9d likes v>iety 9 expression4 ,y ne$ n worry y\rself by ?9k+ mu* ab\t ! =m ( y\r s5t5ces2 b y %\ld1 if possible1 get into ! habit ( v>y+ !m f "t to "t4 ,let !m be sometimes %ort & sometimes long2 sometimes simple1 & sometimes complex or comp\nd4 ,& above all1 :5 y are revis+ :at y h writt51 try to make sure t 9 "s cases ! s5se is suffici5tly susp5d$ to make y\r s5t5ces int]e/+4 ,ex]cise #af4--;,9 ! passage quot$ on page #jj1 m>k ! place :]e ! s5se is complete 9 ea* simple or complex s5t5ce4 ,9 comp\nd s5t5ces m>k ! place 9 ea* indep5d5t clause4 ,ex]cise #ag4--;,con/ruct p]iodic s5t5ces by plac+ phrases be=e ! foll[+ /atem5ts4 ,,example4 ,we idly float$4 ,9 among ! lily pads we idly float$4 #a4 ,! *ild slept4 #b4 ,!y eag]ly se>*$4 #c4 ,! prison] escap$4 #d4 ,we explor$ ! creek4 #e4 ,! boys laugh$4 #f4 ,! p rejoic$4 #g4 ,we despair$4 #h4 ,! girl fa9t$4 #i4 ,he bli!ly sang4 #aj4 ,%e succe$$4 #aa4 ,he fail$4 #ab4 ,he receiv$ 8 diploma4 #ac4 ,! soldi]s retreat$4 #ad4 ,m>y turn$4 ,ex]cise #ah4--;,con/ruct p]iodic s5t5ces by plac+ dep5d5t clauses be=e ! foll[+ /atem5ts4 ,,example4 ,!y imm$iately />t$4 ,:5 !y he>d ! signal-gun1 !y imm$iately />t$4 #a4 ,!y l&$4 #b4 ,i am happy4 #c4 ,we wat*$4 #d4 ,! c[>d fl$4 #e4 ,! rav5 croak$4 #f4 ,! flag w float4 #g4 ,! *ild di$4 #h4 ,! poor suff]$4 #i4 ,our presid5t di$4 #aj4 ,! slaves 7 free4 #aa4 ,we quietly left4 #ab4 ,!y fl$4 #ac4 ,%e return$4 #ad4 ,we receiv$ ! message4 #ae4 ,he enc\rag$ u4 ,ex]cise #ai4--;,con/ruct p]iodic s5t5ces by fill+ ! blanks 9 ! foll[+ ) phrases or clauses4 #a4 ---- ! village smi?y /&s4 #b4 ---- he runs4 #c4 ---- lay ! little village4 #d4 ---- to gr&mo!r's h\se we g4 #e4 ,! moonlight ---- flood$ ! room4 #f4 ---- !re 0 a honeysuckle arbor4 #g4 ---- he rea*$ home4 #h4 ---- yet ,i tru/ him4 #i4 ---- ,i w help y4 #aj4 ---- ,wa%+ton ---- took comm&4 #aa4 ---- rode ! six hundr$4 #ab4 ---- a y\? ---- pass$ by4 #ac4 ,a travel] ---- 0 f\nd4 #ad4 ---- he /ill grasp$ a bann]4 #ae4 ,! prison] ---- made a confession4 ,ex]cise #bj4--;,con/ruct p]iodic s5t5ces by fill+ 9 ! blanks ) phrases or clauses4 #a4 ,f> away 9 ! =e/ ----4 #b4 ,out 9 ! c\ntry ----4 #c4 ,a city t is set on a hill ----4 #d4 ,) a look ( delight$ surprise ----4 #e4 ,?is "y lad1 h>d z ! _w _h knock$ him ab\t1 ----4 #f4 ,yet1 ?r\gh all 8 fun1 ----4 #g4 ,?\gh !y spake little ----4 #h4 ,)\t any discussion1 ----4 #i4 ,look+ ab\t h] uneasily1 ----4 #aj4 ,late t night1 z ,i sat up pond]+ ov] all t _h happ5$1 ----4 ,ex]cise #ba4--,rewrite ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 mak+ !m p]iodic4 #a4 ,! night w9d swept by ) a desolate moan4 #b4 ,! old %utt]s swung to & fro1 scream+ ^u _! h+es4 #c4 ,! village prea*]'s mode/ mansion rose ne> yond] copse1 :]e once ! g>d5 smil$4 #d4 ,! noble six hundr$ rode into ! jaws ( dea?4 #e4 ,a s\nd came f ! l& betwe5 ! fitful gu/s ( w9d4 #f4 ,! silv]y ra9 comes aslant l a long l9e ( spe>s brightly burni%$4 #g4 ,! sn[ arrives1 ann\nc$ by all ! trumpets ( ! sky4 #h4 ,great burdocks grew f ! wall d[n to ! wat]1 s high t little *ildr5 c\ld /& upright "u ! l(tie/ ( !m4 #i4 ,! lovelie/ *ildr5 ran ab\t on ! roads1 play+ ) ! gay butt]flies4 #aj4 ,! cle> sun %one w>m on ! fir/ day ( spr+ 9 a little c\rt y>d4 #aa4 ,an old ca/le looms ov] ! n>r[ road4 #ab4 ,! ivy gr[s ?ickly ov] ! crumbl+ r$ walls1 leaf by leaf1 up to ! balcony1 & a beautiful girl /&s !re4 #ac4 ,%e glances up ! road z %e b5ds ov] ! balu/rade4 #ad4 ,! ligh?\se ( ,inv]kaldy /ood on a little rocky isl&1 q a di/ance f ! ma9l&4 #ae4 ,he r[$ across ! wat] ) a *e]ful he>t4 #e4 ,bad ,s5t5ces4--,good s5t5ces1 !n1 are s5t5ces t h "s v>iety 9 =m & 9 l5g?1 &1 9 p>ticul>1 t are frequ5tly p]iodic4 ,y w soon le>n to give to y\r writ+ ! little t\* ( grace or beauty t comes 9 ?is way4 ,b :at are bad s5t5ces8 ,:at sorts ( s5t5ces %\ld y try n to make8 ,!re are really only ?ree k9ds ( s5t5ces :i* are positively bad4 ,! fir/ is ! comma s5t5ce4 #f4 ,! ,comma ,s5t5ce4--,?is "n is sometimes giv5 to s5t5ces 9 :i* two or m indep5d5t clauses1 n connect$ by conjunctions1 are sep>at$ only by commas4 ,y %\ld gu>d c>efully aga9/ ?is fault4 ,if two indep5d5t clauses be plac$ 9 a s+le s5t5ce1 !y %\ld be connect$ by a conjunction or sep>at$ by a semicolon4 ,:5 indep5d5t clauses 9 ! same s5t5ce are connect$ by a conjunction1 x is prop] to use ei!r a semicolon or comma4 ,:5 !y are n connect$ by a conjunction1 only ! semicolon c be us$4 ,,examples4 #a4 ,x 0 late1 & ! moon %one brightly4 #b4 ,x 0 late2 & ! moon %one brightly4 #c4 ,x 0 late2 ! moon %one brightly4 #d4 ,x 0 late1 ! moon %one brightly4 ,wrong4 ,note = ! ,tea*]4--,occasionally1 9 a comp\nd s5t5ce1 p>ticul>ly :5 x consi/s ( ?ree or m %ort /atem5ts1 commas are us$ in/ead ( semicolons4 ,b x seems be/ to enc\rage pupils to use ! semicolon inv>iably4 ,insi/5ce on ?is practice w greatly /r5g!n ! pupil's grasp ( ! s5t5ce & its /ructure4 ,ex]cise #bb4--;,correct ! foll[+ s5t5ces3-- #a4 ,ev]y?+ has its "t to fl\ri%1 ev]y?+ passes away4 #b4 ,x 0 late at night1 ! moon %one ?r\gh ! w9d[s4 #c4 ,we are 9 a ri*1 a happy h\se1 all are *e]ful & full ( joy1 #d4 ,! door op5$ & ! maid came 91 !y all /ood /ill1 n "o /irr$4 #e4 ,i 0 "r1 we 7 n ( ! smalle/ importance to h]4 #f4 ,i'm glad !y are gone1 n[ we c be com=table4 #g4 ,! fro/ _h brok5 up1 a s(t pl5tiful ra9 _h melt$ ! sn[drifts4 #h4 ,! w9d[ 0 a gr& advantage1 out ( x "o c\ld crawl on to ! ro(1 & f ! ro( 0 ! f9e/ view 9 all ,nortonbury4 #i4 ,x 0 "o ( my seasons ( excessive pa91 ,i f\nd x difficult to ?9k ( any?+ b pa94 #aj4 ,! /ream lay s l[ z to be invisible f :]e we sat1 y c\ld only trace ! l9e ( its c\rse by ! small :ite sails4 ,ex]cise #bc4--;,ins]t capitals & p]iods4 #a4 ,i left ,salem ,h\se ^u ! morr[ aft]noon1 ,i little ?\ght !n t ,i left x1 nev] to return1 we travel$ v sl[ly all night1 & did n get into ,y>m\? be=e n9e or t5 o'clock 9 ! morn+1 ,i look$ out = ,mr4 ,b>kis1 b he 0 n !re2 & in/ead ( him a fat1 m]ry-look+ little old man 9 black1 ) ru/y little bun*es ( ribbons at ! knees ( 8 bree*es1 came puff+ up to ! coa* w9d[1 & said1 ,ma/] ,copp]field8 #b4 ,! conflict _h rag$ = an h\r1 x grew m furi\s1 f deck to deck ! combatants ru%$ madly1 fight+ l demons1 ! ,ri*>d & h] crew suff]$ t]ribly1 yet !y f\ght on1 %e _h be5 pi]c$ by sev]al eighte5-p\nd balls bel[ wat]1 %e leak$ badly1 b %e w\ld n surr5d]4 ,ex]cise #bd4--;,con/ruct t5 comp\nd s5t5ces 9 :i* no connectives are us$1 & ! clauses are sep>at$ by semicolons4 #g4 ,s5t5ces )\t ,unity4--,we put into a s5t5ce ?\ghts t belong toge!r4 ,inde$1 a good s5t5ce is a gr\p ( words repres5t+ ?\ghts t h a close relation%ip 9 ! speak]'s or writ]'s m9d4 ,a s5t5ce ?us con/ruct$ is said to h unity2 t is1 "o-ness4 ,a s5t5ce 9 :i* ! words repres5t facts or ?\ghts t d n h su* a relation%ip is said to lack unity4 ,,examples4 #a4 ,! owl1 :i* is a nocturnal bird1 has r\nd1 />+ eyes1 & sup]/iti\s p dislike to he> x hoot4 ,two ?\ghts n closely relat$4 #b4 ,columbus 0 assi/$ by ,que5 ,isabella ( ,spa91 & sail+ across ! ,atlantic ,ocean ) a fleet ( ?ree vessels1 he discov]$ a new _w4 ,two ?\ghts n closely relat$4 #c4 ,columbus 0 assi/$ by ,que5 ,isabella1 :o pawn$ h] jewels & us$ ! money ?us procur$ 9 fitt+ out = him a fleet ( ?ree vessels4 ,?\ghts closely relat$4 #d4 ,william ,p5n settl$ ,p5nsylvania & made a treaty ) ! ,indians "u a l>ge elm1 :i* is "o ( ! mo/ graceful ( our trees4 ,?\ghts n closely relat$4 #e4 ,william ,p5n1 :o 0 himself a ,quak]1 f\nd$ ,p5nsylvania z a place ( refuge = ! p]secut$ ,quak]s4 ,?\ghts closely relat$4 ,ex]cise #be4--,rewrite ! foll[+ s5t5ces3-- #a4 ,! wild /rawb]ry has a delici\s flavor1 & we enjoy pick+ ! b]ries1 :i* belong to ! rose family4 #b4 ,m>y has a new beav] muff :i* h] fa!r b\ght = h] 9 ,montreal1 ! l>ge/ city 9 ,canada4 #c4 ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh 0 a favorite ( ,que5 ,elizabe?1 call$ ! ,virg9 ,que51 & he introduc$ tobacco into ,engl&4 #d4 ,we visit$ ! ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art1 :]e we saw ! picture call$ ,! ,horse ,fair1 & met ,m>y1 :o is c]ta9ly ! mo/ discont5t$ girl ,i "k4 #e4 ,once1 a long "t ago1 9 a little cottage beside a d>k wood1 liv$ a naughty little boy1 & 8 "m told him repeat$ly t ! old wit* t liv$ 9 ! wood w\ld get him4 #h4 ,! ,=mless ,s5t5ce4--,!re is /ill "o o!r sort ( s5t5ce to be avoid$2 t is ! ugly1 %apeless s5t5ce t results f plac+ toge!r a numb] ( complete /atem5ts loosely connect$ by &1 b1 or s4 ,sometimes ?is is call$ ! & s5t5ce or ! s s5t5ce1 because ^! two connectives are s frequ5tly us$ by inexp]i5c$ writ]s4 ,let u call x ! =mless s5t5ce1 mean+ !reby a s5t5ce :i* is defici5t 9 =m1 or ! =m ( :i* is ugly or di/a/eful to ! tra9$ eye & e>4 ,y w h to acquire y\r s5se or ta/e = =m 9 s5t5ces by practice & exp]i5ce2 b y w be help$ by /udy+ ! s5t5ces giv5 bel[4 ,^? 9 ! left-h& column are well-writt52 ^? 9 ! "r-h& column are =mless4 #a4 ,at half-pa/ n9e we #a4 ,at half-pa/ n9e we rea*$ ,*>les's h\se1 & rea*$ ,*>les's h\se & until half-pa/ t5 we 7 until half-pa/ t5 we 7 busy ?9k+ :at to d4 busy ?9k+ :at to d1 ,f9ally1 "s "o sugge/$ until "s "o sugge/$ a a climb up ! ,palisades1 & climb up ! ,palisades1 & we />t$ (f at elev54 s we />t$ (f at elev54 #b4 ,z x 0 gett+ v #b4 ,x 0 gett+ v cl\dy1 we put on "s ( cl\dy1 s we put on "s ( ,*>les's old clo!s4 ,*>les's old clo!s4 #c4 ,:5 ,i return$1 x #c4 ,:5 ,i return$1 x _h /opp$ ra9+1 & ! _h /opp$ ra9+1 & ! boys 7 receiv+ a lecture boys 7 receiv+ a lecture f ! f>m]'s wife4 ,%e f ! f>m]'s wife1 told u t we _h no "r :o told u t we _h no on h] prop]ty1 & a few "r on h] prop]ty1 & o!r ?+s we didn't pay a few o!r ?+s we didn't mu* att5tion to4 ,b pay mu* att5tion to1 b :5 %e said t h] husb& "o ?+ %e told u 0 0 a magi/rate1 & t h] husb& 0 a magi/rate1 t %e c\ld h u lock$ & t %e c\ld up1 we got away z quickly h u lock$ up1 & s we z we c\ld4 got away f !re z quickly z we c\ld4 #d4 ,i _h be5 travel+ #d4 ,i _h be5 travel+ all day ?r\gh ! all day ?r\gh ! sn[ sn[ ) "o companion1 ) "o companion1 :o :o _h n[ gone (f to _h n[ gone (f to :at :at our compasses told u our compasses told u 0 0 ! s\?1 9 se>* ( ! s\?1 9 se>* ( wood1 wood4 ,i 0 hungry & & ,i 0 ?or\ghly hungry ?or\ghly tir$4 ,m ?an & tir$1 = m ?an once dur+ ! day ,i once dur+ ! day ,i _h _h /epp$ on :at seem$ /epp$ on :at seem$ to be to be firmly pack$ sn[1 firmly pack$ sn[1 only to only to s9k to my wai/ 9 s9k to my wai/ 9 a s(t a s(t drift1 & x 0 always drift1 & x 0 always ) ) difficulty t difficulty t ,i _h got out4 ,i _h got out4 ,y w see1 !n1 t !re is c]ta9 knack :i* y mu/ acquire ( giv+ a s5t5ce a pleas+ =m4 ,) a little pati5ce1 y w soon le>n x1 & y w ga9 x all ! m easily by rememb]+ t ! ugly =mless s5t5ce1 :i* y are to avoid1 is simply a long loose s5t5ce 7see #d74 ,ex]cise #bf4--,recon/ruct ! foll[+ s5t5ces3-- #a4 ,!re once reign$ a que51 & 9 h] g>d5 7 f\nd ! mo/ glori\s fl[]s ( all seasons & f all l&s1 b %e lov$ be/ ! roses1 & s %e _h ! mo/ v>i\s k9ds ( ?is fl[]1 & !y grew aga9/ ! e>? walls1 & w\nd !mselves r\nd pill>s & w9d[ frames1 & all along ! ceil+ 9 all ! halls1 & ! roses 7 v>i\s 9 fragrance1 =m1 & color4 #b4 ,_m ye>s ago !re liv$ an emp]or1 & he c>$ enorm\sly = new clo!s1 & he want$ to be v f9e1 s he sp5t all 8 money = clo!s1 & he did n c>e ab\t 8 soldi]s1 b only lik$ to drive out & %[ 8 new clo!s1 & he _h a coat = e h\r ( ! day1 & j z !y say ( a k+1 ,he is 9 c\ncil1 !y said ( him1 ,! emp]or is 9 8 w>drobe4 #c4 ,napoleon's m>%als came to him once 9 ! mid/ ( a battle & said1 ,we h lo/ ! day & are be+ cut to pieces1 b ! great soldi] drew out 8 wat*1 unmov$1 & said1 ,x is only two o'clock 9 ! aft]noon1 & ?\gh y h lo/ ! battle y h "t to w9 ano!r1 s !y *>g$ aga9 & won a victory1 & we %\ld ent] our battle-fields ( difficulty ) ! same unconqu]able _s4 #d4 ,! highe/ c\rage is su/a9$ c\rage1 = ! p[] ( cont9uance adds to all o!r p[]s1 & to face dang]1 appreciate ! full dem& & meet x to ! end1 is ! height ( brave liv+1 = mo/ "y he>ts c respond to a sudd5 dem& = c\rage1 b ! long /ret* f9ds !m lack+4 #e4 ,a ,new ,york woman call$ on ,em]son "o morn+ & f\nd ! philosoph] read+ 9 8 /udy1 :ile ne> him on a plate !re lay a little heap ( *]ry /ones1 & ! visitor slipp$ "o ( ^! /ones into h] glove4 ,"s mon?s lat] %e met ,em]son aga9 at a reception 9 ,bo/on & recall$ h] visit to him & !n %e po9t$ to ! broo* %e wore1 a broo* ( gold & brilliants ) ! *]ry /one set 9 ! c5t] & %e said1 ,i took ?is /one f ! plate at y\r elb[ on ! morn+ ( my call1 & ,em]son repli$1 ,ah1 ,i'll tell my amanu5sis ( t & he w be s pleas$1 = he loves *]ries1 b ,i nev] t\* !m myself4 #f4 ,john 0 a boy :o want$ to be a v5triloqui/1 & "o day he visit$ an old eng9e] 9 a factory & aft] a little conv]sation he imitat$ ! squeak ( badly oil$ ma*9]y1 & ! old eng9e] trott$ to a c]ta9 valve & oil$ x1 s ,john let a few m9utes pass & !n emitt$ ano!r s]ies ( squeaks & ! eng9e] aga9 oil$ 8 ma*9]y1 & ! ?ird "t ,john squeak$ ! eng9e] saw ?r\gh ! joke &1 walk+ up quietly beh9d ,john1 squirt$ a half-p9t ( oil d[n ! back ( 8 neck1 say+1 ,!re6 ,!re'll be no m squeak+ to-day4 ,ex]cise #bg4--,recon/ruct ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 putt+ ! und]l9$ phrases 9 _! prop] places4 #a4 ,! musician 0 play+ a sonata ) long hair4 #b4 ,i saw at once t he 0 a villa9 ) half an eye4 #c4 ,a woman desires a home = h] dog go+ abroad = ! summ]4 #d4 ,! k9d old g5tleman lift$ ! trembl+ *ild ) a gold-head$ cane4 #e4 ,a wrea? 0 made by a little girl ( roses4 #f4 ,! h\se 0 pa9t$ br[n ) ! tall flag-pole4 #g4 ,we saw a magnific5t c$> tree ent]+ ! woods4 #h4 ,we f\nd "s gold5-rod walk+ along ! du/y road4 #i4 ,we saw ! lakes climb+ a tree4 #aj4 ,! old lady gave alms to a "y begg> ) ! :ite hair4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,p>agraph #i4 ,! ,use ( ! ,p>agraph4--,composition is ! comb9+ or gr\p+ ( words4 ,we gr\p our words 9 s5t5ces4 ,we also gr\p our s5t5ces 9 p>agraphs4 ,a p>agraph is a gr\p ( s5t5ces :i* toge!r express an important ?\ght4 ,9 a way1 ( c\rse1 e s5t5ce expresses a ?\ght--a small ?\ght1 s to speak4 ,b exp]i5ce has %[n t ! educat$ m9d c be/ und]/& writt5 language if x c take 9 sev]al ( ^! small] ?\ghts1 9 z _m s5t5ces1 9 rapid succession1 provid$ only t ^! small] ?\ghts1 :5 tak5 toge!r1 make up a l>g] ?\ght4 ,a p>agraph is1 !n1 ! expression ( a l>ge or important ?\ght1 made up ( sev]al small] or less important ?\ghts1 express$ 9 s5t5ces4 ,note4--,sometimes1 b n (t51 a s+le s5t5ce repres5ts su* an important ?\ght t x c be/ /& by itself4 ,a p>agraph is indicat$ to ! eye by ! fact t ! beg9n+ ( ! fir/ s5t5ce is plac$ a little way to ! "r ( ! left-h& m>g92 9 o!r words1 x is ind5t$4 ,on ! pr9t$ page1 a p>agraph is ind5t$ only ! space :i* w\ld be occupi$ by two or ?ree lett]s4 ,9 a writt5 composition ! p>agraph is ind5t$ ab\t an in*4 ,ano!r fact t makes x easy = ! eye to recognize a p>agraph is t x frequ5tly does n close ) ! end ( a l9e4 ,:51 !re=e1 y look at a piece ( pr9t$ or writt5 composition1 y see at once t y are to receive a c]ta9 numb] ( ?\ghts or ideas1 ea* ( :i* is plac$ 9 a section or p>agraph by itself4 ,9 li/5+ to an address or oration y notice ! sep>ation betwe5 ! ?\ghts by ! fact t ! speak] usually makes a pause ( sev]al seconds to indicate t he has f9i%$ ! expression ( "o ?\ght & is n[ ready to pass on to ano!r4 ,note4--,9 writ+ a long conv]sation1 x is usually cu/om>y to make ea* spee* ( ea* p]son a p>agraph by itself1 ev5 if x consi/s ( only a few words4 ,?is is because x is ( ! utmo/ importance1 9 read+ an acc\nt ( a conv]sation1 to "k j :o is speak+4 #aj4 ,! ,beg9n+4--,we gr\p our s5t5ces4 ,b h[ %all we beg98 ,:at s5t5ces %all come fir/8 ,usually we %all express our ?\ghts mo/ cle>ly if we beg9 ) a s5t5ce t %[s 9 brief :at ! :ole p>agraph is ab\t4 ,?is is sometimes call$ ! topic s5t5ce1 because x is ! s5t5ce t /ates ! topic or c5tral idea ( ! p>agraph4 ,,examples4 #a4 ,to ! simple-he>t$ folk :o dwelt 9 t isl& ?ree ?\s& ye>s ago1 !re 0 nev] a sweet] spot ?an sea-girt ,i?aca4 ,rocky & rugg$ ?\gh x may h seem$1 yet x 0 inde$ a smil+ l& embosom$ 9 ! laugh+ sea4 ,!re ! air 0 always mild & pure1 & balmy ) ! brea? ( blossoms2 ! sun look$ k9dly d[n f a cl\dless sky1 & ! /orms seldom broke ! quiet ripple ( ! wat]s :i* ba!d ! %ores ( t isl& home4 ,on e side b "o1 ! l& rose /raight up out ( ! deep sea to meet ! feet ( craggy hills & m\nta9s cr[n$ ) woods4 ,betwe5 ! heights 7 _m n>r[ dells gre5 ) or*>ds1 :ile ! g5tl] slopes 7 cov]$ ) v9ey>ds1 & ! /eeps above !m gave pa/urage to flocks ( long-wool$ %eep & m\nta9-climb+ goats4--,,james ,,baldw93 ,a ,/ory ( ! ,gold5 ,age4 ,"h ! fir/ s5t5ce %[s t ! p>agraph is to be ab\t ! beauty ( ! isl&4 #b4 ,^u ! ridge above our t5t 0 a ?ird t9y cle>+1 :]e "s trapp]s _h once made _! w9t] camp4 ,x 0 !re t ,i wat*$ ! rabbits "o moonlight night f my seat on an old log1 j )9 ! %ad[ at ! edge ( ! op5+4 ,! fir/ arrival came 9 ) a ru%4 ,!re 0 a sudd5 scurry beh9d me1 & ov] ! log he came ) a fly+ leap t l&$ him on ! smoo? bit ( gr\nd 9 ! middle1 :]e he :irl$ ar\nd & ar\nd ) grotesque jumps1 l a kitt5 aft] its tail4 ,only ,br'er ,rabbit's tail 0 too %ort = him ev] to cat* x2 he seem$ r to be try+ to get a good look at x4 ,!n he w5t (f helt]-skelt] 9 a headlong ru% ?r\gh ! f]ns4 ,be=e ,i knew :at _h become ( him1 ov] ! log he came aga9 9 a m>vel\s jump1 & w5t te>+ ar\nd ! cle>+ l a circus horse1 v>y+ 8 p]=mance n[ by a high leap1 n[ by two or ?ree awkw>d hops on 8 h9d legs1 l a danc+ be>4 ,x 0 imm5sely ent]ta9+4--,,william ,j4 ,,long3 ,ways ( ,wood ,folk4 ,"h ! fir/ two s5t5ces %[ t ! p>agraph is to be ab\t wat*+ rabbits 9 a cle>+ by moonlight4 #c4 ,soon aft] he 0 rais$ to ! dignity ( po/ma/] ano!r piece ( good =tune came 9 8 way4 ,sangamon ,c\nty cov]$ a t]ritory "s =ty miles long by fifty wide1 & almo/ e citiz5 9 x seem$ int5t on buy+ or sell+ l&1 lay+ out new roads1 or locat+ "s future city4 ,john ,calh\n1 ! c\nty surveyor1 !re=e1 f\nd himself ) f> m "w ?an he c\ld p]sonally att5d to1 & _h to appo9t deputies to assi/ him4 ,le>n+ ! high e/eem 9 :i* ,l9coln 0 held by ! p ( ,new ,salem1 he wisely conclud$ to make him a deputy1 al?\gh !y diff]$ 9 politics4 ,x 0 a flatt]+ (f]1 & ,l9coln accept$ gladly4 ,( c\rse he knew almo/ no?+ ab\t survey+1 b he got a compass & *a91 &1 z he tells u1 /udi$ ,fl9t & ,gibson a little1 & w5t at x4 ,! surveyor1 :o 0 a man ( tal5t & education1 n only gave ,l9coln ! appo9tm5t1 b1 x is said1 l5t him ! book 9 :i* to /udy ! art4 ,l9coln c>ri$ ! book to 8 fri5d ,graham1 & w5t at x to su* purpose t 9 six weeks he 0 ready to beg9 ! practice ( 8 new pr(ession4 ,l ,wa%+ton1 :o1 x w be rememb]$1 foll[$ ! same call+ 9 8 y\?1 he became an excell5t surveyor4--,,hel5 ,,nicolay3 ,! ,boys' ,life ( ,abraham ,l9coln4 ,"h ! fir/ s5t5ce %[s t ! p>agraph is to be ab\t a new piece ( good =tune 9 ,l9coln's life4 ,:5 y are writ+ a composition 9 a s+le p>agraph1 y w f9d ! topic s5t5ce v useful4 ,9 no o!r way c y s quickly give ! read] a notion ( :at to expect4 ,b x is n necess>y always to beg9 ) a topic s5t5ce4 ,:at is important is t y beg9 ) a h9t t w turn ! read]'s ?\ghts 9 ! "r direction4 ,look at ! beg9n+s ( sev]al p>agraphs 9 y\r read]1 & y w see h[ ! h9t is giv54 ,ex]cise #bh4--,:at d ! op5+ s5t5ces 9 ! foll[+ p>agraphs %[8 #a4 ,"o cold morn+ e>ly 9 ,decemb]1 #ahjj1 a p>ty ( t\ri/s 0 cross+ ! ,alps1--a pretty l>ge p>ty1 too1 = !re 7 sev]al ?\s&s ( !m4 ,"s 7 rid+1 "s walk+1 & mo/ ( !m _h knapsacks on _! %\ld]s l _m ,alp9e t\ri/s n[adays4 ,b in/ead ( walk+ /icks1 !y c>ri$ muskets ) bayonets1 & dragg$ along ) !m "s fifty or sixty cannons4 #b4 ,!re 0 "o among !m :o seem$ q to enjoy ! r\gh m>*+ & tramp+ along ?r\gh ! deep sn[ & cold gray mi/4 ,?is 0 a little drumm] boy t5 ye>s old1 ^: fre%1 rosy face look$ v bright & pretty among ! grim1 sc>r$ visages ( ! old soldi]s4 ,:5 ! cutt+ w9d hurl$ a %[] ( sn[ 9 8 face1 he da%$ x away ) a *e]y laugh1 & awoke all ! e*oes ) a lively rattle on 8 drum1 till x seem$ z if ! huge black rocks ar\nd 7 all s++ 9 *orus4 #c4 ,ezekiel made ! fir/ plea4 ,8 argum5t 0 a /rong "o aga9/ all wild & de/ructive animals 9 g5]al1 & aga9/ ?is wood*uck 9 p>ticul>4 ,he call$ att5tion to ! damage :i* _h be5 done already to ! gr[+ vegetables1 & to ! fur!r mis*ief :i* might be done if ! animal 7 set free4 #d4 ,betwe5 two cliffs lay a deep rav9e1 ) a full /ream roll+ heavily ?r\gh x ov] b[ld]s & r\gh gr\nd4 ,x 0 high & /eep1 & "o side 0 b>e1 save at ! foot1 :]e clu/]$ a ?ick1 fre% wood1 s close to ! /ream t ! mi/ f ! wat] lay ^u ! foliage 9 spr+ & autumn4 ,! trees /ood look+ upw>ds & =w>ds1 unable to move ei!r way4 ,ex]cise #bi4--,supply topic s5t5ces = ! foll[+ p>agraphs3-- #a4 ,he ,george ,wa%+ton 0 v tall1 p[]fully made1 ) a /rong1 h&some face4 ,he 0 rem>kably muscul> & p[]ful4 ,z a boy1 he 0 a lead] 9 all outdoor sports4 ,no "o c\ld fl+ ! b> f>!r ?an he1 & no "o c\ld ride m difficult horses4 #b4 ,x ! old-fa%ion$ s*ool is a l>ge1 d+y room1 ) a s&$ floor1 & is light$ by w9d[s t turn on h+es1 & h little diamond-%ap$ panes ( glass4 ,! s*ol>s sit on long b5*es1 ) desks be=e !m4 ,at "o end ( ! room is a great fireplace1 s spaci\s t !re is room en\gh = ?ree or f\r boys to /& 9 ea* ( ! *imney corn]s4 #c4 ,! hall ( ! ,imp]ial libr>y is two hundr$ & =ty-five feet long1 ) a magnific5t dome 9 ! c5t]4 ,! walls are ( v>iegat$ m>ble1 ri*ly ornam5t$ ) gold1 & ! ceil+ & dome are cov]$ ) brilliant fresco pa9t+s4 ,! libr>y numb]s ?ree hundr$ ?\s& volumes & sixte5 ?\s& manuscripts1 :i* are kept 9 walnut cases1 adorn$ ) m$allions4 #d4 ,! ,c\ntry ,boy's ,vacation4 ,:5 s*ool keeps he has only to d *ores & g to s*ool1 b betwe5 t]ms !re are a ?\s& ?+s on ! f>m t h be5 left = ! boys to d4 ,pick+ up /ones 9 ! pa/ures & pil+ !m 9 heaps us$ to be "o ( !m4 #e4 ,recess 9 a ,c\ntry ,s*ool4 ,he is l a de]2 he c ne>ly fly2 & he ?r[s himself into play ) entire self-=getfulness1 & an en]gy t w\ld ov]turn ! _w if 8 /r5g? 7 proportion$ to x4 ,= t5 m9utes ! _w is absolutely 82 ! weights are tak5 (f1 re/ra9ts are loos$1 & he is 8 own ma/]4 ,ex]cise #cj4--,write %ort p>agraphs to complete ?ree ( ! foll[+ topic s5t5ces3-- #a4 ,f ! summit ( ! hill !y saw ! sun set4 #b4 ,:5 ! flames 7 out1 we saw h[ great ! damage 04 #c4 ,9 a mom5t1 ! /orm 0 ^u !m4 #d4 ,at t5 ye>s old1 ,i 0 tak5 to help my fa!r 9 8 bus9ess4 #e4 ,x 0 a beautiful little craft4 #f4 ,!re /ood ,l9coln1 a rem>kable figure4 #g4 ,x 0 m>ket day4 #h4 ,close by ! roadside /&s a little s*oolh\se4 #i4 ,9 ! ye> #aggf a rem>kable ev5t occurr$4 #aj4 ,8 att5tion 0 arre/$ by a dove1 pursu$ by a k+bird4 #aa4 ,unity 9 ! ,p>agraph4--,9 y\r /udy ( ! s5t5ce1 y le>n$ t e good s5t5ce mu/ h unity2 t is1 t ! ?\ghts includ$ 9 a s5t5ce mu/ be v closely associat$4 ,y are n[ to le>n t e good p>agraph mu/ likewise h unity4 ,a p>agraph1 :e!r x be long or %ort1 has unity :5 x treats ( b a s+le topic4 ,! topic s5t5ce w be a great help to y 9 giv+ y\r p>agraphs unity4 ,y w n be s apt to jumble into "o p>agraph mat]ial t %\ld be plac$ 9 two or ?ree1 if y w1 be=e y beg9 to write1 decide ^u ! subject ( y\r p>agraph & make a topic s5t5ce = x4 ,y c te/ ! unity ( y\r p>agraph by ask+ ) respect to ea* s5t5ce t y con/ruct1 ,does x relate to ! subject ( my p>agraph8 ,ex]cise #ca4--,! foll[+ p>agraphs lack unity4 ,h[ _m topics are treat$ 9 ea*8 #a4 ,9 ! ,g]man l& ( ,wrtemb]g lies ! little t[n ( ,m>ba*4 ,al?\gh ?is place c be rank$ only among ! small] t[ns1 x is *>m+ly situat$ on ! ,neck> /ream1 t fl[s on & on1 hurry+ pa/ villages & old ca/les to p\r its wat]s into ! pr\d ,rh9e4 ,x 0 late 9 autumn4 ,! leaves /ill clung to ! grapev9e1 b !y 7 already t+$ ) r$4 ,ra9y gu/s swept ov] ! c\ntry1 & ! cold autumn w9ds increas$ 9 viol5ce4 #b4 ,cecelia's home 0 an old family mansion situat$ 9 ! mid/ ( a pleasant f>m4 ,?is 0 inclos$ by will[ h$ges & a broad & g5tly murmur+ riv]2 ne>] ! h\se 7 groves ) rocky knolls & breezy b[]s ( bee*4 ,cecelia's bosom fri5d at s*ool 0 ,alice ,ar*]2 & aft] !y left s*ool1 ! love betwe5 !m r increas$ ?an dim9i%$4 #c4 ,alice ,ar*] 0 a delicate girl ) a pale transp>5t complexion & l>ge gray eyes t seem$ to see visions4 ,h] figure 0 slight1 almo/ fragile2 h] h&s :ite & sl5d]4 ,! old h\se 9 :i* %e liv$ ) h] "m1 ) f\r sickly ,lomb>dy popl>s 9 front1 sugge/$ gloomy & m\rnful ?\ghts4 ,x 0 "o ( ^? places t depress y z y ent]4 ,"o o!r inmate ! h\se _h1 & only "o4 ,?is 0 ,sally ,man*e/]1 ! cook4 ,%e 0 an extraord9>y woman ( l>ge frame & mascul9e features1--"o ( ^? :o are born to "w4 ,a treasure %e 0 to ?is family4 #d4 ,f> out 9 ! sea ! wat] is z blue z ! petals ( ! mo/ beautiful corn-fl[]s1 & z cle> z ! pure/ glass4 ,b x is v deep1 deep] ?an any cable w s\nd2 & d[n !re live ! sea p4 ,! ,sea ,k+ _h be5 a wid[] = _m ye>s4 ,8 old "m kept h\se = him & 8 daught]s1 ! little sea pr9cesses4 #e4 ,%ylock1 ! ,jew1 liv$ at ,v5ice4 ,he 0 a usur]1 :o _h amass$ an imm5se =tune by l5d+ money at great int]e/ to ,*ri/ian m]*ants4 ,be+ a h>d-he>t$ man1 he 0 mu* dislik$ by all good m54 ,antonio 0 ! k9de/ man t liv$1 ! be/ lov$1 & _h ! mo/ unwe>i$ _s 9 do+ c\rtesies4 ,he 0 greatly belov$ by all 8 fell[-citiz5s2 b ! fri5d :o 0 ne>e/ to 8 he>t 0 ,bassanio1 a noble "y ,v5etian4 ,"o day1 ,bassanio came to ,antonio & told him t he wi%$ to repair 8 =tune by a weal?y m>riage ) a lady :om he de>ly lov$4 #ab4 ,! ,body ( ! ,p>agraph4--,we are to beg9 ) a topic s5t5ce1 or ) a s5t5ce t gives "s h9t ( :at is to foll[4 ,& :at next8 ,next comes ! body ( ! p>agraph1 ! real p>agraph1 ! idea we _h 9 m9d to express4 ,! be/ plan to foll[ 9 ! mak+ ( y\r p>agraph is ?is3-- #a4 ,write brief notes ( y\r mat]ial on ! topic y h 9 m9d1 & make sure t x all be>s directly on ! topic4 #b4 ,arrange ^! notes 9 ! ord] t w\ld be mo/ natural & intelligible to ! read]4 #c4 ,f9d a good topic s5t5ce4 #d4 ,write ! p>agraph accord+ to ! plan arrang$4 ,,example ,i4 ,subject ( p>agraph3 ,! ,long-spurr$ ,columb9e4 ,a4 ,mat]ial3 #a4 ,native ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s4 #b4 ,blooms abundantly4 #c4 ,gr[s on %ady slopes4 #d4 ,color--blue1 :ite1 occasionally p9k1 nev] r$4 #e4 ,sepals--ovate ) sl5d] spurs1 spread+2 d\ble l5g? ( ! petals ) :i* !y alt]nate4 #f4 ,petals--r\nd & light] 9 color ?an sepals4 #g4 ,size--?ree in*es broad4 #h4 ,beauty--s great t x has be5 introduc$ into g>d5s4 ,9 ?is example1 ! mat]ial has fall5 ( its own accord into a good ord]3 g5]al /atem5ts1 #a1 #b1 #c2 color1 #d2 =m1 #e1 #f2 size1 #g2 beauty1 #h4 ,9 ?is case1 !re=e1 x w n be necess>y to re>range ! mat]ial4 ,b4 ,topic s5t5ce3 ,! long-spurr$ columb9e is an exquisite fl[]4 ,c4 ,:ole p>agraph3 ,! long-spurr$ columb9e is an exquisite fl[]4 ,x is a native ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 :]e x blooms abundantly on %ady slopes4 ,x (t5 we>s a blue g[n2 x also we>s :ite & occasionally p9k1 b nev] r$4 ,! ovate sepals1 ) _! sl5d] spurs1 are spread+1 & d\ble ! l5g? ( ! r\nd1 light]-color$ petals ) :i* !y alt]nate4 ,9 size x is q ?ree in*es across4 ,x is s beautiful t x has be5 introduc$ into _m g>d5s4 ,,example ,,ii4 ,subject ( p>agraph3 ,emigration to ,cali=nia 9 #ahdi4 ,a4 ,mat]ial3 #a4 ,9 '#di1 gold fev] rea*es ,ea/]n /ates4 #b4 ,ru% = ,we/4 #c4 ,eighty ?\s& m5 rea* ,cali=nia be=e end ( ye>4 #d4 ,a few ga9 ri*es4 #e4 ,! great] "p b>ely make a liv+ by exhau/ive toil4 #f4 ,h>d%ips ( j\rney across ,i/hmus ( ,panama & across cont95t 7ov]l& r\te74 #g4 ,san ,francisco1 f an insignificant settlem5t1 sprang into city ( tw5ty ?\s& inhabitants4 ,b4 ,mat]ial re>rang$3 #a4 ,9 #ahdi--;gold fev] rea*es ,ea/]n /ates4 #b4 ,ru% = ,we/4 #c4 ,h>d%ips ( j\rney4 #d4 ,eighty ?\s& m5 rea* ,cali=nia4 #e4 ,san ,francisco's rapid gr[?4 #f4 ,a few ga9 ri*es4 #g4 ,! great] numb] b>ely make a liv+ by _! exhau/+ toil4 ,notice t #f has be5 made #c4 ,! h>d%ips ( ! j\rney %\ld naturally be describ$ be=e ! facts ab\t ! arrival are giv54 ,c4 ,topic s5t5ce3 ,9 #ahdi ! gold fev] rea*$ ! ,ea/]n /ates1 & a great ru% ( emigration began1 bo? by l& & by sea4 ,d4 ,:ole p>agraph3 ,9 #ahdi ! gold fev] rea*$ ! ,ea/]n /ates1 & a great ru% ( emigration began bo? by l& & by sea4 ,_m di$ ( sickness contract$ 9 cross+ ! ,i/hmus ( ,panama2 multitudes m p]i%$ on ! ov]l& r\te across ! cont95t4 ,not)/&+ ! h>d%ips & loss ( life1 ov] eighty ?\s& m5 succe$$ 9 rea*+ ,cali=nia be=e ! end ( ! ye>4 ,f an insignificant settlem5t ,san ,francisco sudd5ly sprang into a city ( tw5ty ?\s& inhabitants4 ,a few ( ^! emigrants ga9$ ! ri*es !y s eag]ly s\ght1 b ! great] "p b>ely made a liv+ by ! mo/ exhau/+ toil4 ,,example ,,iii4 ,subject ( p>agraph3 ,presid5t ,l9coln's ,call = ,volunte]s4 ,a4 ,mat]ial3 #a4 ,l9coln calls = sev5ty-five ?\s& volunte]s ,april #ae1 #ahfa4 #b4 ,wi%es !m to s]ve ?ree mon?s4 #c4 ,)9 ?irty-six h\rs sev]al companies f ,p5nsylvania _h rea*$ ,wa%+ton4 #d4 ,m5 ( all p>ties at ! ,nor? =got _! political qu>rels & ha/5$ to ! def5se ( ! capital4 #e4 ,! ,six? ,massa*usetts ,regim5t 0 ! fir/ full regim5t to m>*4 #f4 ,few suppos$ ! w> w\ld la/ long] ?an ?ree mon?s4 #g4 ,! ,six? ,massa*usetts spe$ily foll[$ ! ,p5nsylvania regim5ts4 ,b4 ,mat]ial re>rang$3 #a4 ,l9coln calls = sev5ty-five ?\s& volunte]s ,april #ae1 #ahfa4 #b4 ,= ?ree mon?s' s]vice4 #c4 ,few suppos$ ! w> w\ld la/ long]4 #d4 ,m5 ( all p>ties at ,nor? =got _! political qu>rels & ha/5$ to ! def5se ( ! capital4 #e4 ,)9 ?irty-six h\rs sev]al ,p5nsylvania regim5ts _h rea*$ ,wa%+ton4 #f4 ,! ,six? ,massa*usetts 0 ! fir/ full regim5t to m>*4 #g4 ,! ,six? ,massa*usetts spe$ily foll[$ ! ,p5nsylvania regim5ts4 ,c4 ,topic s5t5ce3 ,on ,april #ae1 #ahfa1 ,presid5t ,l9coln call$ = sev5ty-five ?\s& volunte]s4 ,d4 ,:ole p>agraph3 ,on ,april #ae1 #ahfa1 ,presid5t ,l9coln call$ = sev5ty-five ?\s& volunte]s4 ,!y 7 to enli/ = only ?ree mon?s1 = few !n suppos$ ! w> w\ld la/ long] ?an t4 ,9 response to ! ,presid5t's call1 m5 ( all p>ties at ! ,nor? =got _! political qu>rels1 & ha/5$ to ! def5se ( ! capital4 ,)9 ?irty-six h\rs sev]al companies f ,p5nsylvania _h rea*$ ,wa%+ton4 ,!y 7 spe$ily foll[$ by ! ,six? ,massa*usetts ,regim5t--! fir/ full regim5t to m>*4 ,ex]cise #cb4--,make notes = complet+ ! p>agraphs sugge/$ by ! foll[+ topic s5t5ces4 ,9 arrang+ y\r notes1 y %\ld foll[ "s simple plan4 ,if y are writ+ a /ory1 = in/ance1 y w naturally foll[ ! ord] ( "t1 & put ?+s d[n 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y occurr$4 ,if y are writ+ a description ( sc5]y1 y may m5tion ! v>i\s objects 9 ! ord] 9 :i* y saw !m1 or 9 ! ord] ( place1 or 9 ! ord] ( importance4 ,if y are expla9+ some?+1 y w pres5t facts 9 ! ord] ( _! importance1 & accord+ to _! connection ) ea* o!r1 always keep+ 9 m9d t y wi% to make y\r explanation simple & cle>4 #a4 ,! j\rney _h be5 long & tiresome4 #b4 ,at sunset ,i /ood on a hill1 ov]look+ ! t[n4 #c4 ,! dew _h n disappe>$1 :51 j aft] sunrise1 ,i />t$ out1 fi%+ rod 9 h&4 #d4 ,gold5-rod is "o ( ! mo/ common & ! mo/ beautiful ( our wayside fl[]s4 #ac4 ,too ,_m ,p>agraphs4--,sometimes matt] t might be prop]ly includ$ 9 "o p>agraph is spread ov] two or ?ree p>agraphs1 z 9 ! foll[+ passages3-- ,i4 ,z ! ,hurons1 to e appe>ance1 _h ab&on$ ! pursuit1 !re 0 no app>5t reason = ?is excess ( caution4 ,! flight 01 h[ev]1 ma9ta9$ = h\rs1 until !y _h rea*$ a bay1 ne> ! nor!rn t]m9ation ( ! lake4 ,"h ! canoe 0 driv5 ^u ! bea*1 & ! :ole p>ty l&$4 ,,ii4 ,! ,duke ( ,norm&y l&$ 9 ,sussex1 9 ! ye> #ajff4 ,he _h an army ( sixty ?\s& *os5 m51 = accompli%+ 8 bold ent]prise4 ,_m gallant knights :o 7 n 8 subjects jo9$ him1 9 ! hope ( obta9+ fame 9 arms & e/ates1 if 8 ent]prise %\ld prosp]4 ,ex]cise #cc4--,write ! foll[+ selection 9 ?ree p>agraphs4 ,/ate ! subject ( ea* p>agraph4 ,burton ,holmes1 ! lectur]1 says t ! ,indians ( ,alaska reg>d :ite m5 & cann$ goods z s closely associat$ t !y are ne>ly synonym\s4 ,:]ev] ! :ite man is se51 cann$ meats1 fruits1 & vegetables are f\nd4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,holmes visit$ ,alaska rec5tly1 he c>ri$ ) him a phonograph4 ,?is 0 exhibit$ to an old *ief :o _h nev] se5 a talk+ ma*9e be=e4 ,:5 ! ma*9e 0 />t$1 & ! s\nd ( a human voice came f ! trumpet1 ! ,indian 0 mu* int]e/$4 ,he li/5$ gravely = a "t1 !n approa*$ & pe]$ into ! trumpet4 ,:5 ! ma*9e f9i%$ its cyl9d] & /opp$1 ! ,indian po9t$ at x1 & smil+ an expansive smile1 rem>k$1 ,huh6 ,him cann$ :ite man4 #ad4 ,! ,end ( a ,p>agraph4--,occasionally y w f9d t x is conv5i5t to put at ! end ( a p>agraph a s5t5ce t w sum up y\r :ole idea 9 a few words4 ,su* a s5t5ce is p>ticul>ly useful :5 no topic s5t5ce has be5 us$4 ,,examples3-- #a4 ,! great error 9 ,rip's composition 0 a /rong dislike ( all k9ds ( pr(itable labor4 ,x c\ld n be f ! want ( p]sev]ance2 = he w\ld sit on a wet rock1 ) a rod z long & heavy z a lance1 & fi% all day )\t a murmur1 ev5 ?\gh he %\ld n be enc\rag$ by a s+le nibble4 ,he w\ld c>ry a f[l+ piece on 8 %\ld] = h\rs toge!r1 trudg+ ?r\gh woods & swamps1 & up hill & d[n dale1 to %oot a few squirrels or wild pigeons4 ,he w\ld nev] refuse to assi/ a neighbor ev5 9 ! r\ghe/ toil1 & 0 a =emo/ man at all c\ntry frolics = husk+ ,indian corn1 or build+ /one f5ces2 ! wom5 ( ! village1 too1 us$ to employ him to run _! err&s1 & to d su* little odd jobs z _! less oblig+ husb&s w\ld n d = !m4 ,9 a ^w1 ,rip 0 ready to att5d to anybody's bus9ess b 8 own2 b z to do+ family duty1 & keep+ 8 f>m 9 ord]1 he f\nd x impossible4--,,wa%+ton ,,irv+3 ,rip ,van ,w9kle4 #b4 ,i 0 fatigu$ ) travel+1 r[+1 & want ( re/2 ,i 0 v hungry1 & my :ole /ock ( ca% consi/$ ( a ,dut* doll> & ab\t a %ill+ 9 copp]4 ,?is latt] ,i gave ! p ( ! boat = my passage1 :o at fir/ refus$ x on acc\nt ( my r[+2 b ,i insi/$ on _! tak+ x4 ,a man is sometimes m g5]\s :5 he has b a little money ?an :5 he has pl5ty1 p]haps ?r\gh fe> ( be+ ?\ght to h b little4--,,b5jam9 ,,frankl93 ,autobiography4 #c4 ,we are a "p ( ! public1 & help to make its op9ions & give x its p[]4 ,laws are practically useless unless ! g5]al s5tim5t ( ! community sanctions !m4 ,! rules ( great corporations prohibit+ ! use ( liquor by employees are n[ en=c$ z !y c\ld n h be5 a few ye>s ago4 ,!y c be en=c$ n[ because ( a gr[? ( ! belief t intoxicants are h>mful1 & a gr[+ dem& t ^? intru/$ ) human lives & ) great int]e/s %all be cle> ( bra9 & reliable ( h&4 ,public op9ion is a p[]1 & x is "o t we %\ld help to =m & help to use4 ,ex]cise #cd4--,make notes = p>agraphs sugge/$ by ! foll[+ summ>y s5t5ces3-- #a4 ,9 a ^w1 x 0 a magnific5t sight4 #b4 ,?us di$ a brave soldi]4 #c4 ,x 0 a simple b a k9dly act4 #d4 ,x 0 too late4 ,ex]cise #ce4--;,f9d summ>y s5t5ces = ! p>agraphs sugge/$ by ! foll[+ notes3-- #a4 ,tom oblig$ to :itewa% f5ce4--,holiday4--,o!r boys come = him4--,pret5ds to enjoy 8 task4--,refuses to let !m help him4--,f9ally accepts bribe & lets ! boys d 8 "w4 ,summ>y s5t5ce express+ an op9ion ( ,tom's clev]ness4 #b4 ,autumn /orm--rocky coa/--high w9d--big waves--da%+ spray4 ,summ>y s5t5ce express+ y\r pleasure or discom=t4 #c4 ,gett+ up e>ly on a w9t] morn+--unpleasant--d>k--cold--sleepy4 ,summ>y s5t5ce indicat+ y\r dislike4 #ae4 ,quotations4--,?is is a conv5i5t place to expla9 ! punctuation ( quotations4 ,quotations are direct :5 ! exact words ( ! speak] or writ] are repeat$4 ,!y are indirect :5 ! ?\ght is express$ )\t us+ ! exact words4 #a4 ,direct4 ,good ev5+1 ,dance1 said ! doctor1 ) a nod4 ,& good ev5+ to y1 ,jim4 ,:at good w9d br+s y "h8 #b4 ,indirect4 ,! doctor nodd$1 said good ev5+ to ,dance & ,jim1 & ask$ :at good w9d br\ght !m !re4 ,9 writ+ d[n a conv]sation1 x is cu/om>y to make ea* spee* ( ea* p]son a p>agraph by itself1 ev5 if x consi/s ( only a few words4 ,a direct quotation %\ld be inclos$ 9 quotation m>ks4 ,:5 a direct quotation is brok5 or sep>at$ by words :i* are n quot$1 ea* "p ( ! quotation %\ld be inclos$ 9 quotation m>ks4 #a4 ,unbrok54 ,h y any money8 ask$ ! bak]4 #b4 ,brok54 ,run along1 said ! woman1 k9dly2 c>ry y\r bread home1 *ild4 ,! fir/ ^w ( a direct quotation %\ld beg9 ) a capital lett]4 ,if ! quotation :5 unbrok5 is compos$ ( two indep5d5t p>ts sep>at$ by a semicolon1 a semicolon 7n a comma7 %\ld foll[ ! au?or's words :5 ! quotation is brok54 #a4 ,unbrok54 ,solomon said1 ,boa/ n ?yself ( to-morr[2 = ?\ kn[e/ n :at a day may br+ =?4 #b4 ,brok54 ,boa/ n ?yself ( to-morr[1 said ,solomon2 = ?\ kn[e/ n :at a day may br+ =?4 ,:5 a quotation is long or =mally introduc$1 x is usually prec$$ by a colon1 or by a colon & a da%4 #a4 ,na?an ,hale1 be=e he 0 execut$1 spoke ! foll[+ words3 ,i regret t ,i h only "o life to give = my c\ntry4 #b4 ,9 ,t5nyson's ,bugle ,song we f9d ! foll[+ beautiful l9es3-- ,o love1 !y die 9 yon ri* sky1 ,!y fa9t on hill1 or field1 or riv]2 ,our e*oes roll f s\l to s\l ,& gr[ =ev] & =ev]4 ,ex]cise #cf4--,rewrite ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 putt+ 9 ! quotation m>ks4 ,make ea* spee* ( ea* p]son a p>agraph by itself4 #a4 ,! "m turn$ h] head z ,alice ent]$1 & said1 ,:o is x8 ,is x y1 ,alice8 ,yes1 x is ,i1 "m4 ,:]e h y be5 s long8 ,i h be5 n[h]e1 de> "m4 ,i h come directly home f *ur*4 ,h[ long x seems to me6 ,x is v late4 ,x is gr[+ q d>k4 ,i 0 j go+ to call = ! lights4 ,:y1 "m6 exclaim$ ,alice1 9 a />tl$ tone1 :at d y mean8 ,! sun is %9+ directly into y\r face6 ,impossible1 my de> ,alice4 ,x is q d>k4 ,i _c see y4 ,:]e are y8 ,alice lean$ ov] h] "m & kiss$ h]4 ,bo? 7 sil5t1--bo? wept4 ,!y knew t ! h\r1 s long look$ =w>d to ) dismay1 _h sudd5ly come4 ,mrs4 ,ar*] 0 bl9d6 #b4 ,yond] comes ,moses4 ,z %e spoke1 ,moses came 9 on foot1 sweat+ "u ! deal box1 :i* he _h /rapp$ r\nd 8 %\ld]s l a p$dl]4 ,welcome1 welcome1 ,moses2 well1 my boy1 :at h y br\ght u f ! fair8 ,i h br\ght y myself1 cri$ ,moses1 ) a sly look1 & re/+ ! box on ! dress]4 ,ah1 ,moses1 cri$ my wife1 t we "k1 b :]e is ! horse8 ,i h sold him1 cri$ ,moses1 = ?ree p\nds five %ill+s & twop5ce4 ,well done1 my good boy1 return$ %e4 ,betwe5 ourselves1 ?ree p\nds five %ill+s & twop5ce is no bad day's "w4 ,come1 let u h x1 !n4 ,i h br\ght back no money1 cri$ ,moses aga94 ,i h laid x all out 9 a b>ga91 & "h x is1 pull+ out a bundle f 8 brea/2 "h !y are1 a gross ( gre5 spectacles1 ) silv] rims & %agre5 cases4 ,a gross ( gre5 spectacles6 repeat$ my wife 9 a fa9t voice4 ,& y h p>t$ ) ! colt1 & b\ght u back no?+ b a gross ( gre5 paltry spectacles6 ,de> "m1 cri$ ! boy1 :y won't y li/5 to reason8 ,!y 7 a dead b>ga91 or ,i %\ld n h b\ght !m4 ,ex]cise #cg4--;,*ange ! foll[+ indirect quotations to direct quotations3-- #a4 ,! fir tree wi%$ x 7 tall en\gh to g to sea1 & ask$ ! /ork to tell x :at ! sea look$ l2 b ! /ork repli$ t x w\ld take too mu* "t to expla94 #b4 ,! little boy ask$ 8 gr&mo!r :e!r ! sw>m ( :ite bees _h a que5 bee & %e repli$ t !y c]ta9ly _h4 #c4 ,rip ask$ 9 despair :e!r nobody !re knew ,rip ,van ,w9kle1 & "s "o answ]$ t he /ood lean+ aga9/ a tree yond]4 ,rip look$1 & beheld a precise c\nt]p>t ( himself z he w5t up ! m\nta94 ,! poor fell[ 0 n[ completely conf\nd$ & wond]$ :e!r he 0 himself or ano!r man4 ,9 ! mid/ ( 8 bewild]m5t1 ! man 9 ! cock$ hat dem&$ :o he 0 & :at 0 8 "n4 ,rip repli$ t he 0 n himself b somebody else1 & t he c\ld n tell :o he 04 ,ex]cise #ch4--,write f dictation4 #a4 ,a little daught] ( a cl]gyman 0 n feel+ well1 & _h to be put to b$ e>ly4 ,"m1 %e said1 ,i want to see my de> fa!r4 ,no1 de>1 said h] "m1 fa!r is n to be di/urb$ j n[4 ,pres5tly came ! plead+ voice1 ,i want to see my fa!r4 ,no1 de>1 0 ! answ]1 ,i _c di/urb him4 ,!n ! f\r-ye>-old p>i%ion] rose to ! "q ( privilege4 ,"m1 said %e1 ,i am sick woman1 & ,i want to see my m9i/]4 #b4 ,"o night my fri5d put up at a small c\ntry hotel4 ,! next morn+1 at breakfa/1 ! l&lord said to him1 ,did y enjoy ! cornet play+ 9 ! room next to y\rs la/ night8 ,enjoy x6 my fri5d repli$1 ,i %\ld ?9k n4 ,:y1 ,i sp5t half ! night p\nd+ on ! wall to make ! man /op4 ,x mu/ h be5 a misund]/&+1 said ! l&lord4 ,! cornet play] told me t ! p]son 9 ! next room applaud$ him s he>tily t he w5t ov] e piece he knew ?ree times4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,words #af4 ,h[ ,we ,le>n ,words4--,we h n[ = "s "t be5 /udy+ ab\t comb9ations ( words1 b we h said v little ab\t words !mselves4 ,?is 0 ! prop] c\rse to foll[1 = 9 our native language we ne$ to be told ab\t comb9ations ( words m ?an ab\t words !mselves2 ab\t ^! we _c help f9d+ out mu* by ourselves4 ,inde$1 x is life t tea*es u words1--life & association ) our fell[s4 ,we c\ld sc>cely avoid le>n+ rapidly ! names :i* ! p :o speak our language h giv5 to ! multitude ( actual ?+s :i* we see & t\*1 & ! common words :i* are cu/om>y to express our feel+s & ?\ghts ) reg>d to ^! objects4 ,z we gr[ old] & wis]1 & p>ticul>ly if we associate ) p]sons ( intellig5ce & in=mation1 & read widely 9 books ( all sorts1 we become rapidly acqua9t$ also ) a great mass ( words t h gr[n up to express ! mo/ ab/ract ?\ghts & ! mo/ delicate %ades ( feel+4 ,life1 !n1 & association ) our fell[s1 & read+ w br+ to our k1 9 due c\rse ( "t1 all ! words we %all ev] ne$ to use4 ,!re are a few h9ts to be giv51 h[ev]1 :i* w be ( s]vice to y 9 ?is process ( le>n+ ! cu/om>y words :i* ! p ( our race & nation use to express _! ?\ghts & feel+s4 #ag4 ,! ,size & ,"* ( ! ,engli% ,vocabul>y4--,we use ! ^w vocabul>y to express ! total numb] ( words us$ by a p]son or gr\p ( p]sons4 ,! ,engli% vocabul>y1 !n1 is ! total numb] ( words us$ by ! p :o write & speak ,engli%4 ,!re are m ?an ?ree hundr$ ?\s& su* words collect$ 9 our diction>ies1 & ! numb] is be+ add$ to e ye>4 ,no s+le p]son w\ld be acqua9t$ ) all ^! words1 = _m ( !m h be5 us$ only r>ely1 or only among little gr\ps ( p1 or 9 connection ) sci5ces n und]/ood by ! p at l>ge4 ,! numb] ( words t an intellig5t & educat$ p]son w\ld und]/& :5 he saw or he>d !m is n (t5 m ?an sixty ?\s&2 ! numb] ( words t su* a p]son w\ld himself use is v mu* less--probably n1 z a rule1 m ?an tw5ty ?\s&4 ,a great _m ( our words come f ! ,lat9 language1 & y w be greatly aid$ 9 y\r /udy ( ,engli% words if y c le>n some?+ ( t language4 #ah4 ,increas+ ,"o's ,vocabul>y4--,x is cle>1 !n1 t y w greatly increase y\r vocabul>y z y gr[ old] & wis]4 ,x is also true1 9 g5]al1 t z y\r vocabul>y gr[s y w gr[1 to "s ext5t1 9 k ( ! _w4 ,x w be wor? :ile = y1 !re=e1 to get into ! habit ( le>n+ new words4 ,?is c\ld1 ( c\rse1 be done by read+ ! diction>y 7& ! diction>y is by no means an un9t]e/+ volume to pick up f "t to "t71 b ! m natural way is to rea* ?is result by cultivat+ ! habit ( att5tion to words4 ,y might beg9 ! habit by notic+ accurately ! names ( ?+s y see or h&le1--( tools & implem5ts1 birds1 animals1 & fl[]s2 ! names ( diff]5t colors & %ades2 ! names appli$ to p]sons to describe _! duties & occupations4 ,ex]cise #ci4--,write z _m words z possible t "n3-- #a4 ,v>i\s trades & pr(essions4 #b4 ,vehicles us$ on l&4 #c4 ,boats 7f a man-(-w> to a flatboat74 #d4 ,build+s--7a7 *ur*es1 7b7 public build+s1 7c7 educational build+s1 7d7 build+s us$ = amusem5ts4 #e4 ,p>ts ( a bicycle4 #f4 ,tools4 #g4 ,birds4 #h4 ,fl[]s4 #i4 ,colors4 #aj4 ,musical in/rum5ts4 ,ex]cise #dj4--;,aft] ea* ( ! foll[+ n\ns place a v]b t describes ! s\nd made by ! animal m5tion$4 ,%eep1 owls1 sp>r[s1 goats1 ox51 frogs1 h5s1 be>s1 horses1 rob9s1 roo/]s1 doves1 lions1 p>rots1 rav5s1 monkeys1 elephants1 snakes4 ,ex]cise #da4--,notice ! foll[+ words :i* might be us$ 9 describ+ "s "o's appe>ance3-- ,eyes3 bright1 dull1 sp>kl+1 cle>1 heavy1 close-set1 %ift+1 n>r[1 hone/1 g5tle1 p5etrat+1 ke51 k9dly1 expressive1 lovely1 h>d4 ,=ehead3 noble1 high1 rec$+1 l[1 broad1 n>r[1 well-%ap$4 ,figure3 muscul>1 wiry1 broad-%\ld]$1 well-proportion$1 sl5d]1 ?ick-set1 /\t1 %ort1 tall4 #a4 ,make a simil> li/ to describe a p]son's disposition1 ability1 conv]sation4 #b4 ,make a li/ ( ! descriptive words us$ by ,longfell[ 9 ,! ,village ,blacksmi?4 ,ex]cise #db4--;,f9d z _m descriptions ( w9t] z y c4 ,make li/s ( words us$ by ! au?ors 9 describ+ x4 ,make li/s ( words t y might use 9 describ+ ! foll[+3 a picnic2 ,*ri/mas night2 ! wea!r2 ! "* ( ,wa%+ton2 an old h\se2 a %ell2 a fea!r2 a sunset2 ,m\nt ,wa%+ton2 a lily-(-! valley2 y\r favorite walk4 ,ex]cise #dc4--,! same sc5e may look v diff]5t to y at diff]5t times1--= in/ance1 a piece ( woods :i* y visit 9 company ) "s m]ry boys & girls 9 se>* ( spr+ fl[]s1 & ! same woods 9 :i* y w&] alone1 hav+ lo/ y\r way4 ,select f ! foll[+ li/ adjectives :i* y might use 9 writ+ ! fir/ description2 ! second4 ,?+s describ$3 pa?1 leaves on ! gr\nd1 birds1 squirrels1 trees1 brook4 ,descriptive words3 lonely1 crisp1 solit>y1 *att]+1 moan+1 m]ry1 m\rnful1 timid1 scold+1 %ady1 romantic1 *>m+1 s++1 sweet-voic$1 w>n+1 sobb+1 dismal1 gloomy4 ,ex]cise #dd4--;,comp>e ! foll[+3 #a4 ,new ,york ,h>bor se5 by a citiz5 ( ,new ,york :o is return+ home aft] a long abs5ce 9 "s =eign c\ntry4 #b4 ,! same view$ by a homesick ,norwegian girl :o has left all h] fri5ds 9 ,norway4 ,select "s ( y\r descriptive words f ! foll[+1 add+ z _m o!rs z y feel t y ne$3 inhospitable1 gloomy1 cold1 h>d1 welcome1 joy\s1 sad1 bright1 glori\s1 fe>ful1 lonely1 pa!tic1 homesick4 ,ex]cise #de4--a4 ,! village bell is r++4 ,describe ! way x s\nds to y on ! foll[+ occasions3-- ,call+ to *ur* s]vice on a cle>1 sunny ,sabba? morn+2 toll+ = ! dea? ( a de> fri5d2 r++ 9 celebration ( a victory 7suppose t we are at w> ) ano!r c\ntry72 r++ to celebrate a w$d+2 r++ ! old ye> out1 & ! new ye> 94 ,read ,! ,bells1 by ,edg> ,allan ,poe1 be=e writ+4 #b4 ,write a p>agraph tell+ h[ y felt :5 y he>d t y 7 to h "s unexpect$ pleasure4 #c4 ,imag9e y\rself liv+ on ! morn+ ( ,april #ae1 #ahfe4 ,describe y\r feel+s on le>n+ ( ! dea? ( ,l9coln4 #ai4 ,synonyms4--,synonyms are words :i* h ! same or ne>ly ! same mean+4 ,,examples3 ,lib]al1 g5]\s2 face1 c\nt5ance4 ,a k ( synonyms w be valuable to y 9 sev]al ways4 ,fir/1 x w enable y to avoid ! too frequ5t repetition ( a ^w4 ,by us+ synonyms1 !n1 y add v>iety to y\r writ+4 ,:5 ! walk is ov] !re is abundance to ?9k ab\t2 & ! ramble review$ at night be=e ! &irons is a repetition ( ! day's enjoym5t4 ,if y w sub/itute walk = ramble 9 ! prec$+ s5t5ce1 y w see h[ mu* ! s5t5ce loses by n us+ ! synonym4 ,ex]cise #df4--;,9 ea* ( ! foll[+ fill ea* blank ) an appropriate synonym ( ! italiciz$ ^w 9 ! same s5t5ce3-- #a4 ,be a/ir at ----1 !n1 & receive ! greet+ ( t lov] ( ! dawn1 ! blackcap4 #b4 ,! ---- ?ick5$1 s t n[ y wad$ ?r\gh a cond5sation ( gloom4 #c4 ,! ?ru% fill$ e lone pa?way ) its sweet music1 & ,i wond]$ t ! _w %\ld he> s little ( ?is woodside ----4 #d4 ,! sob]+ sil5ce ( ! night 0 ! subject ( our conv]sation1 :5 sudd5ly a sad1 sweet song broke ! ----4 #e4 ,9 ! city ^! conditions are n s well m>k$2 b beyond ! ---- limits1 nature /ill rules4 #f4 ,x 0 j ! day = a ramble1 & ,i 0 (f e>ly = an all-day ----4 #g4 ,! gale di$ away1 & he tri$ to g nor?w>d aga92 b aga9 came ! ---- & swept him back into ! wa/e4 #h4 ,& :at became ( ! little ----1 ! poor boy 9 ! pretty t[n ( ,m>ba*8 #i4 ,he comes up ! /airs ---- & op5s ! door noiselessly4 #aj4 ,:5 ! fir/ week _h pass$1 ! que5 took little ,eliza into ! c\ntry1 & b a %ort mon? _h ---- :5 ! k+ _h entirely =gott5 8 little daught]4 ,ex]cise #dg4--;,9 ! foll[+ use a synonym 9 place ( "o ( ! und]l9$ words3-- #a4 ,he has _m weal?y fri5ds1 al?\gh he is n a weal?y man himself4 #b4 ,at 8 fir/ glimpse ( ! c\nt5ance1 ,erne/ did fancy t !re 0 a resemblance betwe5 x & ! famili> c\nt5ance ^u ! m\nta9 side4 #c4 ,celia consid]$ t x w\ld be unsafe = two "y maids ( rank to travel 9 _! ri* clo!s2 %e !re=e propos$ t !y %\ld dress l c\ntry maids4 #d4 ,:5 ! s]vant ( ! h\se ( ,montague met ! s]vant ( ! h\se ( ,capulet1 a qu>rel ensu$2 & frequ5t 7 ! qu>rels f su* accid5tal meet+s4 #e4 ,portia dress$ h]self & ,n]issa 9 m5's app>el1 & putt+ on ! app>el ( a c\nselor1 %e took ,n]issa ) h] z cl]k & set out = ,v5ice4 #f4 ,portia n[ desir$ ,%ylock to let h] see ! bond2 & :5 %e _h read x %e desir$ him to be m]ciful4 #g4 ,! importance ( ! ardu\s task ,portia _h engag$ 9 gave h] c\rage1 & %e boldly proce$$ to p]=m ! task %e _h und]tak54 #h4 ,! lady express$ great sorr[ at he>+ ?is1 & said %e wi%$ to see ! fa!r ( ,hel5a1 a "y lady :o 0 pres5t4 #i4 ,! m\rn]s sat 9 sil5ce1 ) only a smo!r$ sob n[ & !n to break ! sil5ce4 #aj4 ,%e tri$ to com=t ! sorr[ful girl1 b c\ld ?9k ( no?+ t w\ld com=t h]4 ,ex]cise #dh4--a4 ,give "o or m synonyms = ea* ( ! foll[+ words4 ,consult y\r diction>y4 ,dawn1 neglect1 p]=m1 a/oni%1 collect1 be/[1 appeal1 de/roy1 att5d1 grieve1 joy1 brilliance1 gloomy1 happy1 g5tle1 calm1 excitable1 fond1 sweet1 simple1 j1 honorable1 gloam+1 bewild]4 #b4 ,re>range ! foll[+ li/1 putt+ toge!r all words t are synonyms3-- ,crime1 smite1 maid1 fault1 f]v5t1 labor1 rev]5ce1 ard5t1 in/antly1 respect1 frat]nal1 quickly1 "w1 gl[+1 entreat1 toil1 honor1 bro!rly1 beg1 v5]ate1 besee*1 gloam+1 wa/e1 importune1 twilight1 squ&]1 glitt]1 %9e1 gli/51 sp>kle1 (f5se1 girl1 /rike1 lass1 s9c]e1 fai?ful1 transgression1 true1 desire1 wi%4 ,a k ( synonyms1 !n1 is valuable1 s9ce x enri*es y\r vocabul>y & enables y to give v>iety to y\r writ+4 ,!re is /ill ano!r way 9 :i* ?is k may be useful to y1 ,!re is g5]ally "s slight diff]5ce 9 mean+1 ev5 9 words class$ z synonyms1 & a wise *oice w enable y to express y\r ?\ght ) m exactness4 ,,example4 ,i frantically begg$ a knot ( sailors n to let !m p]i% be=e our eyes4 ,9 ! diction>y y w f9d ! foll[+ synonyms = beg1 ) an explanation ( ! diff]5t %ades ( mean+3 ask1 entreat1 besee*1 implore1 supplicate4 ,"o asks :at he feels he may fairly claim2 he begs = t to :i* he advances no claim b pity2 entreat implies a special e>ne/ness ( ask+1 & besee*1 a /ill add$ & m humble int5sity4 ,to implore is to ask ) weep+ & lam5tation2 to supplicate is to ask1 z x 71 on b5d$ knees4 7,/&>d ,diction>y47 ,x w\ld be bett]1 !n1 to write1-- ,i frantically implor$ a knot ( sailors n to let !m p]i% be=e our eyes4 ,ex]cise #di4--;,*oose "o ( ! synonyms giv5 9 ea* ( ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,consult y\r diction>y to get ! diff]5t %ades ( mean+4 #a4 ,!y 7 mak+ out to me1 9 an agitat$1 excit$1 di/urb$ way t ! lifeboat _h be5 bravely mann$ an h\r ago1 & c\ld d no?+4 #b4 ,! ?und] 0 l\d & ceaseless1 incessant1 cont9u\s4 #c4 ,i 0 p]plex$1 confus$1 di/ract$ by ! t]rible sight4 #d4 ,! excit$ voice w5t call+1 cry+1 clamor+ along ! /aircase4 #e4 ,i 0 tir$1 fatigu$1 exhau/$ ) travel+ & want ( re/4 #f4 ,i made a mo/ awkw>d1 ridicul\s1 absurd1 grotesque appe>ance4 #g4 ,a man is sometimes m g5]\s1 lib]al1 op5-h&$ :5 he has b a little money ?an :5 he has pl5ty4 #h4 ,do/ ?\ love life8 ,!n d n squ&]1 wa/e1 sp5d "t4 #i4 ,he cont9u$1 admoni%$1 w>n$1 c\nsel$1 advis$ me n to let s good an (f] pass4 #aj4 ,! eagle li/5s to e s\nd1 look+1 gaz+1 glanc+ n[ & !n to ! e>? b5ea?4 ,ex]cise #ej4--;,fill ! blanks bel[ ) words f ! foll[+ gr\ps ( synonyms3-- ,i4 ,l>ge1 colossal1 great1 big1 commodi\s1 huge1 va/1 capaci\s1 imm5se1 spaci\s1 huge4 #a4 ,joan ( ,arc rode at ! head ( a ---- body ( troops4 #b4 ,our _w itself is a v ---- place4 #c4 ,if a ---- giant c\ld travel all ov] ! univ]se & ga!r worlds1 all z ---- z ours1 & 7 to make fir/ a heap ( m]ely t5 su* worlds1 h[ ---- x w\ld be4 #d4 ,i pu%$ aside ! heavy lea!rn curta9 at ! entrance1 & /ood 9 ! ---- nave4 ,! ---- cupola alone is sixty-five feet high] ?an ! ,bunk] ,hill ,monum5t1 & ! f\r ---- pill>s on :i* x re/s are ea* "o hundr$ & ?irty-sev5 feet 9 circumf]5ce4 ,! awe ,i felt 9 look+ up at ! ---- ar* ( m>ble & gold did n humble me4 #e4 ,! old lady drew a package ( pepp]m9ts f h] ---- pocket4 #f4 ,he liv$ 9 a ---- mansion ) ---- rooms4 ,,ii4 ,t9y1 little1 small1 dim9utive1 m9ute4 #a4 ,! ,lilliputians 7 a v ---- p4 #b4 ,ea* ---- po9t 0 c>efully expla9$4 #c4 ,i met a ---- cottage girl4 #d4 ,f> away 9 ! =e/1 grew a pretty ---- fir tree4 #e4 ,! lame boy 0 s ---- t !y call$ him ---- ,tim4 ,ex]cise #ea4--;,consult y\r diction>y to get ! exact mean+ ( ea* ^w 9 ! foll[+ two gr\ps ( synonyms4 ,ins]t words 9 ! blanks1 us+ ea* ^w b once4 #a4 ,funny1 odd1 /range1 que]1 grotesque1 peculi>4 #b4 ,brave1 bold1 d>+1 fe>less1 c\rage\s1 reckless4 #a4 ,he told u ( _m ---- happ5+s4 #b4 ,! bird has a ---- cry4 #c4 ,we laugh$ at ! ---- /ory4 #d4 ,:at an ---- /ick he is1 to be sure4 #e4 ---- faces 7 c>v$ ov] ! door4 #f4 ,x is a ---- co9cid5ce4 #g4 ,he 0 a ---- bad man4 #h4 ,! ---- soldi] 0 =emo/ 9 ! fray4 #i4 ,! ---- de$ 0 applaud$4 #aj4 ,he is a ---- man1 & nev] consid]s consequ5ces4 #aa4 ,he seems to be p]fectly ----4 #ab4 ,! fireman receiv$ a m$al = 8 ---- act4 ,ex]cise #eb4--;,d y see any diff]5ce 9 mean+ 9 ! pairs ( words giv5 bel[8 ,write s5t5ces us+ ea* correctly4 ,arti/1 artisan2 heal?y1 heal?ful2 br+1 fet*2 applause1 praise2 propose1 purpose2 91 into2 di/9ct1 cle>2 few1 little2 def5d1 protect2 ?ankful1 grateful2 "r1 privilege2 occasion1 opportunity2 cu/om1 habit2 brutal1 bruti%2 temp]ance1 ab/95ce2 exile1 bani%2 excuse1 apology2 duty1 obligation2 d\bt1 susp5se2 price1 wor?2 int]f]e1 int]pose2 surpris$1 a/oni%$2 flexible1 pliable4 #bj4 ,accuracy 9 ! ,use ( ,words4--,accuracy 9 ! use ( words comes f practice4 ,x is bett] to blund] by us+ a ^w )\t a complete k ( its mean+ ?an to be afraid to use any b ! commone/ words4 ,"s words s\nd v mu* alike & yet h v diff]5t mean+s1 & "s words are s ne>ly alike 9 mean+ t x is almo/ or q impossible to def9e ! diff]5ce betwe5 !m1 ?\gh we may p]haps feel x4 ,all t we c d1 !n1 is simply to g on le>n+1 us+ new words z fa/ z we get fairly well acqua9t$ ) !m1 & dep5d+ ^u our tea*]s & old] fri5ds to po9t out to u :5 we are wrong4 ,:at we mu/ avoid is ! /upid habit ( us+ words ?\ghtlessly1 aft] ! mann] ( ! blund]+ ,mrs4 ,malaprop 9 ,%]idan's ,rivals1 :o said3-- ,i w\ld by no means wi% a daught] ( m9e to be a prog5y ( le>n+2 ,i don't ?9k s mu* le>n+ becomes a "y woman4444 ,z %e grew up1 ,i w\ld h h] in/ruct$ 9 geometry t %e might "k some?+ ( ! contagi\s c\ntries2 b above all1 ,sir ,an?ony1 %e %\ld be mi/ress ( or?odoxy1 t %e might n misspell & mispron\nce words s %amefully z girls usually d2 & likewise t %e might repreh5d ! true mean+ ( :at %e is say+4 ,?is1 ,sir ,an?ony1 is :at ,i w\ld h a woman "k2 & ,i don't ?9k !re is a sup]/iti\s article 9 x4 ,ex]cise #ec4--;,di/+ui% betwe5 ! mean+ ( ! foll[+ words3 luxuriant & luxuri\s2 effect & affect2 disease & decease2 desc5t & diss5t2 pr9cipal & pr9ciple2 suspect & expect2 s5su\s & s5sible2 allude & elude2 not$ & notori\s2 emigrant & immigrant2 ovation & innovation2 torpid & tepid4 #ba4 ,figures ( ,spee*4--,!re is a /range way we all h ( us+ words 9 a s5se diff]5t f t ( ord9>y expression4 ,we say1 = example1 t a brave soldi] 0 a lion4 ,( c\rse1 he 0 n a lion actually2 he m]ely _h c]ta9 qualities :i* we ?9k lions h to a p>ticul>ly great degree1 t is1 /r5g? & c\rage4 ,9 ! same way1 especially 9 joke1 we may speak ( a p]son z an ass1 a mule1 a fox1 a goose1 an elephant1 etc4 ,or1 in/ead ( say+ t a soldi] f\ght bravely1 we may say t he f\ght l a lion1 & simil>ly1 t he 0 z /ubborn z a mule1 z ke5 z a fox1 etc4 ,we ?us say ei!r :at a ?+ is n1 or :at x is l1 in/ead ( :at x is4 ,su* expressions are call$ figures 7t is1 =ms7 ( spee*4 ,9 a metaphor1 "o ?+ is call$ by ! "n ( ano!r4 ,9 a simile1 "o ?+ is said to be l ano!r4 ,we use bo? ! metaphor & ! simile q frequ5tly & naturally 9 our ord9>y spee* & writ+1 p>ticul>ly :5 our feel+s are ar\s$ 9 any way4 #a4 ,bread is ! /aff ( life4 7,metaphor47 #b4 ,! gr\nd 0 an ov5 floor2 & ! breeze t pass$ by1 ! brea? ( a furnace4 7,metaphor47 #c4 ,8 eye gl[$ l a fi]y sp>k4 7,simile47 #d4 ,! c>d$ wool1 l a sn[drift1 0 pil$ at h] knee4 7,simile47 ,ex]cise #ed4--,pick out ! metaphors & similes 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces3-- #a4 ,9 ?is _w a man mu/ ei!r be anvil or hamm]4 #b4 ,he beheld ! lights 9 ! h\ses1 %9+ l />s 9 ! dusk & mi/ ( ! ev5+4 #c4 ,he>ty & hale 0 he1 an oak t is cov]$ ) sn[flakes4 #d4 ,_! lives glide on l riv]s t wat] ! woodl&4 #e4 ,_! he>ts leap$ l ! roe1 :5 he he>s 9 ! woodl& ! voice ( ! huntsman4 #f4 ,life is a %eet ( pap] :ite4 #g4 ,h] eyes are />s2 h] voice is music4 #h4 ,a fat little /eam] roll$ itself along l a sailor on %ore4 #i4 ,he gl>$ at u l a tig] out ( a jungle4 #aj4 ,cornwallis1 speak+ ( ,wa%+ton1 said he w\ld bag ! old fox 9 ! morn+4 #aa4 ,he is a little *imney & heat$ hot 9 a mom5t4 #ab4 ,john is ! black %eep ( ! family4 #ac4 ,%e is l a gleam ( sunlight on a d>k day4 #ad4 ,pleasant words are z a honeycomb1 sweet to ! s\l & heal? to ! bones4 #ae4 ,h] he>t is z pure z ! lilies4 ,ex]cise #ee4--;,*ange ! foll[+ similes & metaphors to pla9 language3-- #a4 ,he is a ,samson4 #b4 ,he is a wet blanket4 #c4 ,!y are a pair ( turtle doves4 #d4 ,nev] cross bridges until y come to !m4 #e4 ,he is a t[] ( /r5g?4 #f4 ,y are pure gold4 #g4 ,night's c&les are burnt out4 #h4 ,he is un/able z wat]4 #i4 ,he c>ries ! _w on 8 %\ld]s4 #aj4 ,:at a be> he is6 #aa4 ,t is a h>d nut to crack4 #ab4 ,don't be a dog 9 ! mang]4 #ac4 ,"m nature laughs ar\nd4 #ad4 ,don't rub him ! wrong way4 #ae4 ,! ,roman "m said ( h] *ildr51 ,^! are my jewels4 ,ex]cise #ef4--;,f9d similes or metaphors to express ! foll[+3-- #a4 ,"t passes quickly4 #b4 ,h] eyes are v bright4 #c4 ,! boat mov$ rapidly ?r\gh ! wat]4 #d4 ,%e s+s v sweetly4 #e4 ,! w9d makes a s\nd 9 ! tops ( ! p9es4 #f4 ,he is v cross4 #g4 ,!y are exce$+ly poor4 #h4 ,d n f9d fault ) a gift4 #i4 ,h] hair is f9e & s(t4 #aj4 ,! night 0 v d>k4 ,ex]cise #eg4--;,i4 ,comp>e ! two foll[+ passages4 ,notice h[ ! acc\nt ( ! beg9n+ ( ! boat race loses 9 =ce by ! *anges f figurative language to pla9 language4 #a4 ,h>k6 ! fir/ gun4 ,! report s5t ,tom's he>t into 8 m\?4 ,! cr[ds on ! bank began to be agitat$ by ! %ad[ ( ! com+ excitem5t4 ,long be=e ! s\nd ( ! />t+-gun c roll up ! riv]1 ! p5t-up life & en]gy :i* has be5 held 9 lea% is let loose4 #b4 ,h>k6 ! fir/ gun4 ,! report made ,tom n]v\s4 ,! cr[ds on ! bank began to be agitat$ by ! ?\ght ( ! com+ excitem5t4 ,long be=e ! s\nd ( ! />t+-gun c be he>d up ! riv]1 ! life & en]gy :i* has be5 *eck$ is releas$4 ,,ii4 ,rewrite ! foll[+1 *ang+ ! similes & metaphors to pla9 language4 ,notice h[ mu* ! p>agraph loses 9 =ce4 ,isn't he gr&1 ! capta91 z he comes =w>d l lightn+1 /roke aft] /roke8 ,z ! space n>r[s1 ! fi]y little cockswa9's eyes fla% ) excitem5t4 ,ex]cise #eh4--,rewrite ! foll[+1 us+ two or m similes or metaphors3-- ,! fir/ sn[ came4 ,x cov]$ ! br[n fields & gre5 mead[s4 ,x protect$ ! roots ( ! plants hidd5 "u x4 ,x 0 v :ite & clean4 ,x cov]$ ! bu%es & trees & f5ces ) a s(t :ite cov]+4 ,ex]cise #ei4--,write s5t5ces comp>+ ! desc5t ( an eagle ^u its prey to ! fall ( a ?und]bolt2 ! fall+ ( ra9 to weep+2 a *e]ful face to a sunbeam2 ! loss ( hope to ! sett+ ( ! sun2 a mode/ little girl to a violet2 a sail+ vessel to a bird2 d&elions to pieces ( gold2 a good book to a fri5d2 a bur/ ( ang] to a /orm2 old age to sunset4 ,ex]cise #fj4--,write a p>agraph describ+ some?+ y h se5 9 nature1--a brook1 a mead[ :]e cattle are graz+1 a field ( daisies1 a wat]fall1 or any?+ else y may *oose4 ,try to use at lea/ "o metaphor or simile4 #bb4 ,mi/akes 9 ! ,use ( ,words4--,let u n[ consid] ! pr9cipal errors :i* we are likely to make ) reg>d to words4 #bc4 ,spell+4--,if our lett]s correspond$ exactly to our ,engli% s\nds1 we c\ld all spell fairly well1 because we c\ld use ! symbols t answ]$ to our pronunciation4 ,b our lett]s d n agree well ) our s\nds2 & !re are _m oddities & inconsi/5cies :i* cause ! "y /ud5t a great deal ( tr\ble4 ,_m plans h be5 propos$ = simplify+ our spell+1 & x is to be hop$ t ev5tually "s wise s*eme w be g5]ally adopt$1 b t is n likely to come to pass = _m ye>s1 & 9 ! meantime we mu/ foll[ ! e/abli%$ cu/om4 ,if we d n le>n to spell 9 ?is way1 we run ! risk ( be+ ?\ght un9tellig5t & un$ucat$4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 h[ev]1 /ud5ts ( y\r age are already ov] ! wor/ ( _! tr\bles 9 ?is respect4 ,all !y h to d is to pay c>eful att5tion to ! =m ( words z !y read1 & to keep a li/ ( ! words :i* !y spell incorrectly 9 _! own compositions1 mak+ sure t !y d n make ! same mi/ake a second "t4 ,a set ( rules :i* w be ( s]vice to y w be f\nd 9 ! ,app5dix4 #bd4 ,slang4--,by slang we mean /range words or expressions1 n employ$ 9 s]i\s or dignifi$ composition1 :e!r writt5 or spok54 ,!y are sometimes us$ 9 conv]sation1 l>gely 9 je/1 by p]sons ( intellig5ce & education1 b m g5]ally by p]sons ( defective education1 :o are n really acqua9t$ ) ! =ms ( ! language us$ by ! educat$ classes4 ,!re c be no great objection to play+ ) words on occasions :]e play is appropriate1 p>ticul>ly :5 ! speak]s are "y or full ( boi/]\s fun4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 unwise = "y /ud5ts to get ! habit ( ?us play+ ) words s firmly e/abli%$ t !y play :5 !y %\ld be s]i\s1 or t !y become unfamili> ) really good ,engli%4 ,p>ticul> c>e %\ld be tak5 to avoid slang t is vulg> or co>se4 ,"h is an extract :i* is int5d$ to repres5t ! natural & playful spee* ( a boy ( high spirits3-- ,i say1 ,ea/1 c't we get some?+ else besides potatoes8 ,i've got lots ( money1 y "k4 ,bless u1 yes1 ,i =got1 said ,ea/1 y've only j come4 ,y see all my t9's be5 gone ?is twelve weeks4 ,i've got a tick at ,sally's1 ( c\rse2 b !n ,i hate runn+ x high1 y see1 t[>d ! end ( ! half1 because "o has to %ell out = x all directly "o comes back1 & t's a bore4 ,well1 :at %all ,i buy8 said ,tom1 ,i'm hungry4 ,i say1 said ,ea/1 y're a trump1 ,br[n4 ,i'll d ! same by y next half4 ,let's h a p\nd ( sausages1 !n2 t's ! be/ grub = tea ,i "k (4--,,?omas ,,hughes3 ,tom ,br[n's ,s*ooldays4 ,!re is a c]ta9 vigor & picturesqu5ess ( expression "h1 & x w\ld be absurd to expect boys1 on all occasions1 to speak l diction>ies4 ,on ! o!r h&1 y w readily see t ! italiciz$ expressions 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces w\ld be :olly inappropriate 9 s]i\s writt5 composition4 #a4 ,john made a bad break4 #b4 ,y\r new hat is simply imm5se4 #c4 ,i ?9k t's ! limit4 #d4 ,*ildr5 %\ld take a back seat4 #e4 ,he pass$ 9 8 *ecks4 #f4 ,t's only a bluff4 #g4 ,he's a big *ump4 #h4 ,! p made a big kick4 #i4 ,t boy is a fre% kid4 #aj4 ,he *uck$ ! tea ov]bo>d4 ,ex]cise #fa4--,rewrite ! s5t5ces giv5 above1 sub/itut+ correct ,engli% = ! slang words or expressions4 ,:at slang expression d y use mo/ frequ5tly8 ,write a p>agraph expla9+ exactly :at y mean by x4 ,ex]cise #fb4--,po9t out ! exagg]ation 9 ! use ( ! italiciz$ words by giv+ ! mean+ ( ! ^w4 ,sugge/ words :i* might be sub/itut$ = !m4 #a4 ,we _h an awfully good "t4 #b4 ,butt] is frightfully de>4 #c4 ,i'm t]ribly tir$4 #d4 ,we 7 horribly bor$4 #e4 ,he is trem5d\sly pleas$4 #f4 ,?is is a magnific5t lead p5cil4 #g4 ,y are fe>fully late ?is morn+4 #h4 ,i adore *ocolate fudge4 #i4 ,?is is beautiful jelly cake4 #aj4 ,:at a spl5did apple6 #be4 ,errors 9 ! ,=ms ( ,words4--,! foll[+ ex]cises w give y practice 9 ! =ms ( words 9 :i* "y /ud5ts mo/ (t5 make mi/akes4 ,ex]cise #fc4--,write s5t5ces conta9+ ! foll[+3-- ,babies'1 wom5's1 boy's1 boys'1 girl's1 *ildr5's1 man's1 m5's1 girls'1 baby's1 cats'1 cat's4 ,ex]cise #fd4--,write f dictation3-- #a4 ,! dog returns at ,john's call & rubs aga9/ 8 legs4 ,he waits :ile 8 ma/]'s horse is doz+ at ! po/1 & 8 ma/] talks )91 & gossips ) ! o!r dogs1 :o are snapp+ at ! flies4 ,nobody kn[s h[ _m dogs' *>act]s are de/roy$ 9 ?is gossip4 #b4 ,malcolm ent]$ ! ladies' cab9 & look$ = a seat4 ,a baby1 :o 0 pull+ impati5tly at its "m's dress1 sudd5ly ran to him1 cry+1 ,baby's papa1--to 8 great emb>rassm5t4 #c4 ,x's n[ midnight4 #d4 ,olive's skates are ) ,alice's4 #e4 ,y\rs is n s well prep>$ z ours4 #f4 ,read ,dick5s's ,*ri/mas ,c>ol4 ,ex]cise #fe4--;,i4 ,fill ! blanks ) ,i or me4 ,give reasons = y\r *oice4 #a4 ,8 lecture gave pleasure to ,frank & ----4 #b4 ,he is clev]] ?an ----4 #c4 ,?is is = y & ----4 #d4 ,h5ry & ---- w5t driv+4 #e4 ,is x y8 ,x is ----4 #f4 ,may ,e!l & ---- rema9 aft] s*ool8 #g4 ,!re is an agreem5t betwe5 y & ----4 #h4 ,?is /ory 0 read by ----4 #i4 ,my si/] & ---- 7 travel+ ?r\gh ,yell[/one ,p>k4 ,,ii4 ,fill ! blanks ) we or u3-- #a4 ---- girls h =m$ a society4 #b4 ,he gave ---- boys p]mission to leave e>ly4 #c4 ,0 x ---- :om y saw8 #d4 ,y "k t z well z ----4 #e4 ,y are f> nobl] ?an ----4 #f4 ,y c d x bett] ?an ----4 #g4 ,he has promis$ to take our c\s9 & ---- to ! circus4 #h4 ,he wi%es to give ---- pleasure4 ,,iii4 ,fill ! blanks ) he or him3-- #a4 ,x 0 ----4 #b4 ,all except ---- came e>ly4 #c4 ,i c d x z well z ----4 #d4 ,:o saw x fir/1 y or ----8 #e4 ,i h no "t = *ildr5 l y & ----4 #f4 ,:at are y & ---- do+8 #g4 ,x 0 ei!r ---- or ,james t did x4 #h4 ---- :o _h promis$ fail$ to fulfill 8 promise4 #i4 ,i ?\ght x 0 ----4 #aj4 ,i %\ld n l to be ----4 ,,iv4 ,fill ! blanks ) %e or h]3-- #a4 ,we gave ---- "o m *ance4 #b4 ---- & ,i are go+4 #c4 ,y read bett] ?an ----4 #d4 ,c x be ----8 #e4 ,i am sure x is ----4 #f4 ,i w keep y & ----4 #g4 ---- & h] fri5ds h gone4 #h4 ,if ,i 7 ---- ,i w\ld d x4 #i4 ,! fault lies betwe5 y & ----4 #aj4 ,i am go+ ) ----4 ,v4 ,fill ! blanks ) !y or !m3-- #a4 ,we are z good z ----4 #b4 ,c\ld x h be5 ----8 #c4 ,x 0 ----4 #d4 ---- & _! company h gone4 #e4 ,we are n z well educat$ z ----4 ,,vi4 ,fill ! blanks ) :o or :om3-- #a4 ---- are y to believe8 #b4 ---- d y ?9k x 08 #c4 ,i l to help ^? ---- des]ve x4 #d4 ,d y rememb] ---- y saw8 #e4 ,c y tell ---- to believe8 #f4 ---- c ?is be f8 #g4 ---- d y ?9k ?is is8 #h4 ,i he>d f a boy ---- 0 a pupil4 #i4 ,he invit$ all ---- he believ$ to be 8 fri5ds4 #aj4 ,he saw a man ---- he suppos$ to be ! m9i/]4 #aa4 ,i gave x to ! "o ---- seem$ to ne$ x mo/4 #ab4 ,i h>dly "k ---- to believe4 #ac4 ,i h appo9t$ a cl]k ---- ,i believe c be tru/$4 #ad4 ,we "k ---- y are4 #ae4 ,m>y1 ---- is my fri5d1 w c]ta9ly support me4 #af4 ,l9coln 0 ! man ---- lib]at$ ! slaves4 #ag4 ,if ,i _c believe 9 h]1 9 ---- c ,i believe8 #ah4 ,i w give x to ! "o ---- gets "h fir/4 #ai4 ,!y left me 9 d\bt z to ---- x 04 #bj4 ,i h f\nd my *ild ---- 0 lo/4 #ba4 ,a man ---- ,i expect$ to meet fail$ to arrive4 #bb4 ,he spoke to ! boy ---- he piti$4 #bc4 ,he help$ ! boy1 ---- _h be5 des]t$ by 8 p>5ts4 #bd4 ,he 0 a man ---- 0 greatly belov$4 #be4 ,hel51 ----1 ,i am told1 is ! w9n] ( ! m$al1 is a v /udi\s *ild4 ,ex]cise #ff4--;,i4 ,use "s =m ( v]b set or sit3-- #a4 ---- ! plant on ! w9d[ sill4 #b4 ,he ---- ! table4 #c4 ,! h5 is ----4 #d4 ,h>old is ---- out tomato plants4 #e4 ,! %eph]ds ---- on ! gr\nd 9 a r[4 #f4 ,!y 7 ---- !re at nightfall4 #g4 ,he ---- 9 ! front seat4 #h4 ,%e 0 ---- by ! fire4 #i4 ,we ---- "u ! sycamore tree4 ,h4 ,use "s =m ( lie or lay3-- ,i4 ---- /ill & re/4 #b4 ,he ---- "u ! lilac bu%4 #c4 ,he 0 ---- !re :5 ,i arriv$4 #d4 ,we ---- h] 9 ! cold1 moi/ e>?4 #e4 ,m>y1 ---- on ! c\*4 #f4 ,! m5 are ---- a bo>d walk4 #g4 ,we h ---- our plan4 #h4 ,! %ip is ---- 9 ! h>bor4 #i4 ,%e has ---- !re s9ce sev5 o'clock4 ,,iii4 ,use "s =m ( d3-- #a4 ,my "w is ----4 #b4 ,he ---- 7pa/ t5se7 8 "w well4 #c4 ,we ---- 7pa/ t5se7 our duty4 #d4 ,has he ---- x yet8 #e4 ,y---- 7pa/ t5se7 x4 ,,iv4 ,use "s =m ( br+ or take3-- #a4 ,horace ---- 8 tea*] a rose4 #b4 ,miss ,kle9 ---- x home ) h]4 #c4 ,frank1 --- -me y\r book4 #d4 ,he ---- x to me4 #e4 ,he has ---- x to me4 #f4 ,he ---- 8 dog into ! g>d54 #g4 ,he has ---- x home4 ,v4 ,use "s =m ( le>n & tea*3-- #a4 ---- me to sew4 #b4 ,"m has ---- me to knit4 #c4 ,i h ---- h[ to sew4 #d4 ,i am ---- h[ to cook4 #e4 ,%e ---- h] bro!r h[ to skate4 #f4 ,%e is ---- him to be fe>less4 ,,vi4 ,use "s =m ( see3-- #a4 ,i ---- ! sunset4 #b4 ,i h ---- ! sunset4 #c4 ,he has ---- ! procession4 #d4 ,he ---- x n[4 ,,vii4 ,use correctly 9 s5t5ces see1 saw1 se54 ,,viii4 ,use 9 s5t5ces all =ms ( ! foll[+ v]bs3-- ,g1 drive1 break1 d1 r+1 run1 br+1 lie1 lay1 sit1 set1 tea*1 read1 "k1 take4 ,,ix4 ,*ange ! =m ( ! v]bs bel[ f pres5t to p]fect or pa/ p]fect3-- #a4 ,! boy runs rapidly4 #b4 ,! old man r+s ! bell at sund[n4 #c4 ,i saw ! lights ( ! village4 #d4 ,t9y ,tim s+s v sweetly4 #e4 ,we sit by ! fire 9 ! gloam+4 #f4 ,mr4 ,t[ne tea*es draw+4 #g4 ,m>y reads well4 #h4 ,he lays fre% fl[]s on h] grave4 #i4 ,he sets a light 9 ! w9d[4 #aj4 ,m>y plays ! piano4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,cond5sation1 ,,expansion1 ,,& ,,p>aphrase #bf4 ,writ+ 9 :i* ! ,ideas are already at ,h&4--,"y p h an abundance ( ?+s to write ab\t4 ,_! lives are usually full ( int]e/+ incid5ts1 & _! m9ds are fre% & eag]4 ,be=e pass+ on1 h[ev]1 to ! pr9cipal "p ( composition1 t 9 :i* ! writ] expresses 8 own ideas1 let u und]take a little practice 9 a =m ( composition 9 :i* ! ideas are furni%$ u4 ,we %all ?us n h to devote s mu* ef=t to ?9k+ :at we are go+ to write1 & c devote all ! m att5tion to ! pleas+ =m ( :at we write4 #bg4 ,cond5sation4--,"h are two well-writt5 & cle> p>agraphs on an int]e/+ topic1 & b5ea? ea* are two or ?ree pleas+ s5t5ces :i* give ! same idea 9 a %ort] or cond5s$ =m4 #a4 ,c5turies ago1 9 a remote village among "s wild hills 9 ,france1 !re liv$ a c\ntry maid51 ,joan ( ,arc1 :o 0 at ?is "t 9 h] tw5tie? ye>4 ,%e _h be5 a solit>y girl f h] *ildhood2 %e _h (t5 t5d$ %eep & cattle = :ole days :]e no human figure 0 se5 or human voice 0 he>d2 & %e _h (t5 knelt1 = h\rs toge!r1 9 ! gloomy empty little village *apel1 look+ up at ! alt> & at ! dim lamp burn+ be=e x1 until %e fanci$ t %e saw %ad[y figures /&+ !re1 & ev5 t %e he>d !m speak to h]4--,,*>les ,,dick5s3 ,a ,*ild's ,hi/ory ( ,engl&4 ,joan ( ,arc liv$ c5turies ago 9 a remote ,fr5* village4 ,h] *ildhood _h be5 a solit>y "o4 ,(t5 %e 0 = days alone ) h] %eep1 & %e knelt long alone 9 ! gloomy village *apel1 :]e %e fanci$ t %e saw %ad[y %apes t spoke to h]4 #b4 ,i ?9k x 0 ,hans1 our ,eskimo hunt]1 :o ?\ght he saw a broad sl$ge track4 ,! drift _h ne>ly effac$ x1 & we 7 "s ( u d\btful at fir/ :e!r x 0 n "o ( ^? accid5tal rifts :i* ! gales make 9 ! surface sn[4 ,b1 z we trac$ x on to ! deep sn[ among ! hummocks1 we 7 l$ to foot/eps2 &1 foll[+ ^! ) religi\s c>e1 we at la/ came 9 sight ( a small ,am]ican flag flutt]+ f a hummock1 & l[] d[n a little bann] hang+ f a t5t pole h>dly above ! drift4 ,x 0 ! camp ( our disabl$ comrades2 we rea*$ x aft] an unbrok5 m>* ( tw5ty-"o h\rs4--,e4 ,e4 ,,kane3 ,arctic ,explorations4 ,hans1 our ,eskimo hunt]1 f\nd :at seem$ to be ! fa9t traces ( a sl$ge1 & ?is l$ u to foot/eps4 ,foll[+ ^! ) great c>e1 we came at l5g? to ! camp ( our disabl$ comrades4 ,ex]cise #fg4--;,cond5se ! foll[+ p>agraphs1 mak+ y\r s5t5ces pleas+ to ! e>3-- #a4 ,9 ord] to beg9 at ! beg9n+ ( ! /ory1 let u suppose t we g into a c\ntry g>d5 "o f9e morn+ 9 ,may1 :5 ! sun is %9+ brightly ov]head1 & t we see hang+ f ! b\gh ( an old apple tree a black object :i* looks v mu* l a l>ge plum pudd+4 ,on approa*+ x1 h[ev]1 we see t x is a l>ge clu/] or sw>m ( bees cl++ to ea* o!r by _! legs2 ea* bee ) its two =e legs cl++ to ! h9d] legs ( ! "o above x4 ,9 ?is way z _m z tw5ty ?\s& bees may be cl++ toge!r1 & yet !y hang s freely t a bee1 ev5 f q ! c5t] ( ! sw>m1 c dis5gage h]self f h] neighbors & pass ?r\gh to ! outside ( ! clu/] :5ev] %e wi%es4--,,arabella ,,buckley3 ,fairyl& ( ,sci5ce4 #b4 ,?is w>n+ /opp$ all spee*1 & ! h>dy m>9]s1 kn[+ t !y _h already done all 9 ! p[] ( man to insure _! safety1 /ood 9 brea?less anxiety1 await+ ! result4 ,at a %ort di/ance ahead ( !m ! :ole ocean 0 :ite ) foam1 & ! waves1 in/ead ( roll+ on 9 regul> succession1 appe>$ to be toss+ madly ab\t4 ,a s+le /reak ( d>k bill[s1 n half a cable's l5g? 9 wid?1 c\ld be disc]n$ runn+ into ?is *aos ( wat]2 b x 0 soon lo/ to ! eye amid ! confusion4 ,along ?is n>r[ pa? ! vessel mov$ m heavily ?an be=e1 be+ br\ght s ne> ! w9d z to keep h] sails t\*+4 ,! pilot sil5tly proce$$ to ! :eel1 & ) 8 own h&s und]took ! /e]+ ( ! %ip4 ,no noise proce$$ f ! frigate to int]rupt ! horrid tumult ( ! ocean2 & %e ent]$ ! *annel among ! break]s 9 dead sil5ce4--,,james ,,f5imore ,,coop]3 ,! ,pilot4 #bh4 ,me?od 9 ,cond5sation4--,! l5g? ( any piece ( writ+ dep5ds ^u ! purpose = :i* x is int5d$4 ,= in/ance1 ! answ] to ! "q1 ,:o 0 ,abraham ,l9coln8 might1 accord+ to ! circum/ances1 be giv5 9 a p>agraph1 9 a page1 or 9 a *apt]2 or x might be exp&$ into a "w ( _m volumes4 ,if y 7 requir$1 9 prep>ation = a writt5 lesson 9 hi/ory or geography1 to read sev]al pages1 y w\ld n be expect$ to write all y _h read1 b to be able to cond5se2 t is1 to omit details & select ! mo/ important po9ts4 ,! ability to decide :i* po9ts are ! important ones1 & :i* may be omitt$ ) lea/ loss to ! passage1 w be ( great value to y 9 all y\r s]i\s read+ & /udy4 ,! foll[+ sugge/ions w help y 9 cond5s+3-- #a4 ,read ! :ole passage ?r\gh c>efully4 #b4 ,pick out ! ?+s s important t !y mu/ be reta9$4 ,z a rule1 ! m important ! po9t1 ! great] ! space ! au?or allots to x4 ,drop ! m9or po9ts4 #c4 ,arrange ! facts y decide to reta9 9 ord] ( importance1 & 9 cond5s+ ! passage give mo/ space to ! mo/ important po9ts4 ,read1 = example1 ! foll[+ n>rative1 & notice ! cond5sation pr9t$ bel[ x3-- ,9 ! reign ( ! great caliph1 !re liv$ 9 ! city ( ,bagdad a celebrat$ b>b]1 ( ! "n ( ,ali4 ,he 0 fam\s = a /eady h&1 & c\ld %ave a head1 or trim y\r be>d or :isk]s1 ) 8 eyes bl9dfold$4 ,!re 0 n a man ( fa%ion at ,bagdad :o did n employ him2 & su* a run ( bus9ess _h he t at l5g? he became v pr\d & insol5t4 ,firewood 0 always sc>ce & de> at ,bagdad2 & x happ5$ "o day t a poor woodcutt]1 ignorant ( ! "* ( ,ali1 /opp$ at 8 %op1 to sell him a load ( wood1 :i* he _h j br\ght f a di/ance on 8 donkey4 ,ali imm$iately (f]$ him a c]ta9 sum = all ! wood t 0 ^u ! donkey4 ,! woodcutt] agre$1 unload$ 8 bea/1 & ask$ = ! money4 ,y h n giv5 me all ! wood yet1 said ! b>b]4 ,i mu/ h y\r wood5 pack saddle into ! b>ga93 t 0 our agreem5t4 ,:at6 said ! o!r1 9 great amazem5t2 :o ev] he>d ( su* a b>ga98 ,x is impossible4 ,b aft] _m words ! ov]be>+ b>b] seiz$ ! pack saddle1 wood1 & all1 & s5t away ! poor peasant 9 great di/ress4 ,! woodcutt] !n ran to ! judge & /at$ 8 griefs2 ! judge 0 "o ( ! b>b]'s cu/om]s1 & refus$ to he> ! case4 ,!n he w5t to a high] judge2 he also patroniz$ ,ali1 & made light ( ! compla9t4 ,! poor woodcutt] 0 n di%e>t5$1 b =?) got a scribe to write a petition to ! caliph himself4 ,! caliph's punctuality 9 read+ petitions is well kn[n1 & x 0 n long be=e ! woodcutt] 0 call$ to 8 pres5ce4 ,:5 he _h approa*$ ! caliph1 he kneel$ & kiss$ ! gr\nd2 & !n1 fold+ 8 arms be=e him1 8 h&s cov]$ ) ! sleeves ( 8 cloak1 & 8 feet close toge!r1 he await$ ! decision ( 8 case4 ,fri5d1 said ! caliph1 ! b>b] has words on 8 side3 y h equity on y\rs4 ,! law mu/ be def9$ by words1 & agreem5ts mu/ be made by words4 ,! law mu/ h its c\rse1 or x is no?+2 & agreem5ts mu/ be kept1 or !re w\ld be no good fai? betwe5 man & man4 ,!re=e ! b>b] mu/ keep all 8 wood1 b-- ,!n call+ ! woodcutt] close to him1 ! caliph :isp]$ some?+ 9 8 e>1 & s5t him away q satisfi$4 ,! woodcutt]1 hav+ made obeisance1 took 8 donkey by ! halt]1 & return$ home4 ,a few days lat] he appli$ to ! b>b]1 z if no?+ _h happ5$ betwe5 !m1 reque/+ t he1 & a companion ( 8 f ! c\ntry1 might enjoy ! dext]ity ( 8 h&2 & ! price = :i* bo? op]ations 7 to be p]=m$ 0 settl$4 ,:5 ! woodcutt]'s be>d _h be5 prop]ly %av$1 ,ali ask$ :]e 8 companion 04 ,he is /&+ j outside1 said ! woodcutt]2 he %all come 9 at once4 ,accord+ly he w5t out1 & l$ 9 8 donkey by ! halt]4 ,?is is my companion1 said he3 %ave him4 ,%ave him6 exclaim$ ! b>b]1 9 a rage3 is x n en\gh t ,i %\ld degrade myself by t\*+ y1 b y mu/ insult me by ask+ me to %ave y\r donkey8 ,away ) y6 ,! woodcutt] imm$iately w5t to ! caliph & relat$ 8 case4 ,br+ ,ali & 8 razors to me ?is in/ant1 exclaim$ ! caliph to "o ( 8 (fic]s2 & 9 ! c\rse ( t5 m9utes ! b>b] /ood be=e him4 ,:y d y refuse to %ave ?is man's companion8 said ! caliph to ! b>b]3 0 n t y\r agreem5t8 ,ali1 kiss+ ! gr\nd1 answ]$1 ,x is true1 ,o caliph1 t su* 0 our agreem5t2 b :o ev] made a companion ( a donkey be=e8 ,true en\gh1 said ! caliph2 b :o ev] ?\ght ( insi/+ ^u a pack saddle's be+ includ$ 9 a load ( wood8 ,no1 no1 x is ! woodcutt]'s turn n[4 ,%ave ?is donkey in/antly6 ,s ! b>b] 0 compell$ to prep>e a great quantity ( soap1 to la!r ! bea/ f head to foot1 & to %ave him 9 ! pres5ce ( ! caliph & ( ! :ole c\rt1 :il/ he 0 je]$ & mock$ by ! by/&]s4 ,! poor woodcutt] 0 !n dismiss$ ) a pres5t ( money2 & all ,bagdad res\nd$ ) ! /ory1 & prais$ ! ju/ice ( ! caliph4 ,!re 0 once 9 ,bagdad a b>b] :o 0 s skillful t he 0 employ$ by all ! m5 ( fa%ion1 & :o became s pr\d t he w\ld seldom "w = any b m5 ( rank4 ,"o day a poor woodcutt] came to 8 %op to sell a load ( wood4 ,ali (f]$ him a sum ( money = all ! wood ^u ! donkey4 ,! woodcutt] agre$1 :]eupon ,ali seiz$ ! wood5 pack saddle z well z ! wood1 say+ x 0 includ$ 9 ! b>ga94 ,aft] 9 va9 seek+ r$ress f ! judges1 ! peasant w5t to ! caliph1 :o decid$ t1 accord+ to ! t]ms made1 ! b>ga9 mu/ /&2 b1 call+ ! woodcutt] to him1 he :isp]$ some?+ 9 8 e>4 ,a few days aft]w>d ! woodcutt] ask$ ! b>b] to %ave him & a companion f ! c\ntry1 agree+ to pay ! price ask$ by ! b>b]4 ,aft] ! woodcutt] _h be5 att5d$ to1 ! b>b] ask$ = ! companion1 :]eupon ! woodcutt] l$ 9 8 donkey4 ,! b>b] 9 rage drove !m f 8 %op1 b ! woodcutt] imm$iately w5t to ! caliph & /at$ 8 case4 ,! tables 7 n[ turn$1 = ! caliph decid$ 9 favor ( ! woodcutt]4 ,! b>b] 0 oblig$ to %ave ! bea/ 9 ! pres5ce ( ! caliph & ! :ole c\rt1 :o mock$ at him2 & ! woodcutt] 0 dismiss$ ) a ri* pres5t4 ,ex]cise #fh4 ,9 a simil> way cond5se ?is acc\nt ( ! battle ( ,ha/+s into ab\t two hundr$ words4 ,9 ! middle ( ! mon? ( ,octob]1 9 ! ye> "o ?\s& & sixty-six1 ! ,normans & ! ,engli% came front to front4 ,all night ! armies lay encamp$ be=e ea* o!r 9 a "p ( ! c\ntry !n call$ ,s5lac1 n[ call$ ,battle4 ,) ! fir/ dawn ( day !y arose4 ,!re1 9 ! fa9t light1 7 ! ,engli% on a hill4 ,a wood lay beh9d !m1 & 9 _! mid/ 0 ! royal bann]1 repres5t+ a fight+ w>rior1 wov5 9 gold ?read1 adorn$ ) preci\s /ones4 ,b5ea? ! bann]1 z x ru/l$ 9 ! w9d1 /ood ,k+ ,h>old on foot1 ) two ( 8 rema9+ bro!rs by 8 side2 ar\nd !m1 /ill & sil5t z ! dead1 clu/]$ ! :ole ,engli% army--e soldi] cov]$ by 8 %ield1 & be>+ 9 8 h& ! dread$ ,engli% battle-ax4 ,on an opposite hill1 9 ?ree l9es1--ar*]s1 foot soldi]s1 & horsem51--0 ! ,norman =ce4 ,( a sudd51 a great battle cry1 ,god help u6 bur/ f ! ,norman l9es4 ,! ,engli% answ]$ ) _! own battle cry1 ,god's ,rood6 ,holy ,rood6 ,! ,normans !n came sweep+ d[n ! hill to attack ! ,engli%4 ,!re 0 "o tall ,norman knight :o rode be=e ! ,norman army on a pranc+ horse1 ?r[+ up 8 heavy sword & cat*+ x1 & s++ ( ! brav]y ( 8 c\ntrym54 ,an ,engli% knight1 :o rode out f ! ,engli% =ce to meet him1 fell by ?is knight's h&4 ,ano!r ,engli% knight rode out1 & he also fell2 b !n a ?ird rode out & kill$ ! ,norman4 ,! ,engli%1 keep+ side by side 9 a great mass1 c>$ no m = ! %[]s ( ,norman arr[s ?an if !y _h be5 %[]s ( ,norman ra94 ,:5 ! ,norman horsem5 rode aga9/ !m1 ) _! battle-axes !y cut m5 & horses d[n4 ,! ,normans gave way4 ,! ,engli% press$ =w>d4 ,a cry w5t =? among ! ,norman troops t ,duke ,william 0 kill$4 ,duke ,william took (f 8 helmet1 9 ord] t 8 face might be di/9ctly se51 & rode along ! l9e be=e 8 m54 ,?is gave !m c\rage4 ,z !y turn$ aga9 to face ! ,engli%1 "s ( _! ,norman horse divid$ ! pursu+ body ( ! ,engli% f ! re/1 & ?us all t =emo/ portion ( ! ,engli% army fell1 fight+ bravely4 ,! ma9 body /ill rema9+ firm1 he$less ( ! ,norman arr[s1 & ) _! battle-axes cutt+ d[n ! cr[ds ( horsem5 :5 !y rode up1 l =e/s ( "y trees1 ,duke ,william pret5d$ to retreat4 ,! eag] ,engli% foll[$4 ,! ,norman army clos$ aga9 & fell ^u !m ) great slaught]4 ,/ill1 said ,duke ,william1 !re are ?\s&s ( ! ,engli% firm z rocks ar\nd _! k+4 ,%oot upw>d1 ,norman ar*]s1 t y\r arr[s may fall d[n ^u _! faces4 ,! sun rose high1 & sank1 & ! battle /ill rag$4 ,?r\gh all ! wild ,octob] day1 ! cla% & d9 res\nd$ 9 ! air4 ,9 ! r$ sunset1 & 9 ! :ite moonlight1 heaps ^u heaps ( dead m5 lay /rewn1 a dreadful spectacle1 all ov] ! gr\nd4 ,k+ ,h>old1 w\nd$ ) an arr[ 9 ! eye1 0 ne>ly bl9d4 ,8 bro!rs 7 already kill$4 ,tw5ty ,norman knights n[ da%$ =w>d to seize ! royal bann] f ! ,engli% knights & soldi]s1 /ill fai?fully collect$ r\nd _! bl9d$ k+4 ,! k+ receiv$ a mortal w\nd & dropp$4 ,! ,engli% broke & fl$4 ,! ,normans ralli$1 & ! day 0 lo/4 ,oh1 :at a sight b5ea? ! moon & />s :5 lights 7 %9+ 9 ! t5t ( ! victori\s ,duke ,william1 :i* 0 pit*$ ne> ! spot :]e ,h>old fell--& he & 8 knights 7 c>\s+ )9--& soldi]s ) tor*es1 go+ sl[ly to & fro )\t1 s\ght = ! corpse ( ,h>old among piles ( dead--& ,h>old's bann]1 work$ 9 gold5 ?read & preci\s /ones1 lay l[1 all torn & soil$ ) blood--& ! ,duke's flag1 ) ?ree ,norman lions ^u x1 kept wat* ov] ! field4--,,*>les ,,dick5s3 ,a ,*ild's ,hi/ory ( ,engl&4 ,ex]cise #fi4--;,cond5se su* ( ! passages sugge/$ bel[ z y\r tea*] may indicate4 #a4 ,! passage quot$ on pages #hh-ij4 #b4 ,! passage quot$ on pages #add-adh 7or #ahb-ahe74 #c4 ,a passage f y\r text-book 9 hi/ory or geography4 #d4 ,an acc\nt 7( a fire1 = in/ance71 f a daily or weekly pap]4 #bi4 ,expansion4--,an ex]cise j ! opposite ( ! prec$+ is also highly pr(itable to "y writ]s4 ,"h1 = example1 are two s5t5ces t w sugge/ a good deal to y4 ,y w see at once t x is easy to exp& !m into a l>g] piece ( writ+1 & j bel[ is an entire p>agraph :i* is bas$ on ^! s5t5ces4 #a4 ,"l ,fairfax ask$ ,george ,wa%+ton to survey 8 l&s 9 ,virg9ia4 ,! boy 0 v glad to d s1 = he lov$ a wild & adv5tur\s life4 #b4 ,"l ,fairfax wi%$ v mu* to h 8 l&s 9 ! valley ( ,virg9ia survey$1 & he ask$ "y ,george ,wa%+ton if he w\ld und]take ! "w4 ,! boy 0 v glad to d s4 ,no?+ c\ld h pleas$ him bett] ?an "w ( ?is sort4 ,he lov$ ! op5 air & horseback rid+2 he w\ld delight to explore t gr& & beautiful c\ntry :]e ,indians & wild animals /ill roam$ at w2 & he at once began to make ready = 8 j\rney4 ,"h is ano!r example ( ! same process3-- #a4 ,! ,mayfl[] sail$ on ! #af? ( ,septemb]4 ,aft] a long & /ormy voyage ! ,pilgrims sight$ l&4 #b4 ,on ! #af? ( ,septemb] ! sails 7 spread once m1 & ! ,mayfl[] glid$ out ^u ! wat]s ( ! broad ,atlantic4 ,fi]ce /orms arose1 & ! vessel 0 toss$ l an egg%ell ^u ! waves4 ,! ma9 beam 0 wr5*$ f its place1 & ! %ip 0 9 dang] ( break+ 9 pieces4 ,"o pass5g] fell ov]bo>d & 0 lo/4 ,at l5g?1 on ! #ai? ( ,novemb]1 ! joyful cry ( l& rang ?r\gh ! %ip4 ,all eyes 7 /ra9$ to see ! welcome sight4 ,!re x 0--a long rea* ( s&y %ore ) d>k =e/ trees 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,! h>d1 dang]\s voyage 0 almo/ at an end4 ,! ,pilgrims 7 ne>ly home4 ,ex]cise #gj4--,y w n[ be ready to try ?is =m ( writ+ = y\rselves4 ,bel[ are giv5 a numb] ( %ort & sugge/ive /atem5ts4 ,exp& !m1 us+ y\r own imag9ation to fill out ! mat]ial1 & try+1 9 ea* case1 to make y\r s5t5ces pleas+ to ! e>4 #a4 ,rip ,van ,w9kle 0 a great favorite among ! good wives ( ! village4 ,! *ildr51 too1 lov$ him1 & foll[$ him ab\t4 #b4 ,! ,catskill ,m\nta9s lie to ! we/ ( ! ,hudson ,riv]4 ,!y are v beautiful4 #c4 ,! news ( ,lex+ton & ,concord 0 s5t to ,philadelphia4 ,"h ! ,cont95tal ,congress 0 assembl$4 ,! memb]s agre$ ^u ,wa%+ton z comm&]-9-*ief ( ! ,cont95tal ,army4 #cj4 ,! ,purpose ( ,expansion4--,we sometimes exp& passages 9 ord] to make !m cle>] by explanation or illu/ration4 ,,examples4 #a4 ,9 ! ,old ,_w !re are v>i\s grades ( society1 & x is almo/ impossible = a boy born 9 ! l[] to rise into ! high] ranks4 ,9 ?is c\ntry ?is is n s2 e man is z good z 8 neighbor4 #b4 ,9 ! ari/ocracies ( ! ,old ,_w1 weal? & society are built up l ! /rata ( rock :i* compose ! cru/ ( ! e>?4 ,if a boy be born 9 ! l[e/ /ratum ( life1 x is almo/ impossible = him to rise ?r\gh ! h>d cru/ into ! high] ranks2 b 9 ?is c\ntry x is n s4 ,! /rata ( our society resemble r ! ocean1 :]e e drop1 ev5 ! l[e/1 is free to m+le ) all o!rs1 & may %9e at la/ on ! cre/ ( ! highe/ wave4 ,?is is ! glory ( our c\ntry1 & y ne$ n fe> t !re are any ob/acles :i* w prove too great = any brave he>t4 ,ex]cise #ga4--;,exp& into a p>agraph su* ( ! foll[+ /atem5ts z y\r tea*] may indicate3-- #a4 ,! e>ly bird cat*es ! worm4 #b4 ,if y w\ld be well s]v$1 s]ve y\rself4 #c4 ,= want ( a nail1 ! %oe 0 lo/2 = want ( a %oe1 ! horse 0 lo/2 = want ( a horse1 ! rid] 0 lo/2 = want ( ! rid]1 ! army 0 lo/4 #d4 ,b5$ict ,arnold's la/ reque/1 x is said1 0 t he might die 9 8 old ,am]ican uni=m2 8 la/ pray]1 t ,god w\ld =give him = ev] hav+ put on any o!r4 #e4 ,aft] ,wa%+ton's retreat f ,long ,isl& 9 ,septemb]1 #aggf1 he ne$$ in=mation z to ! ,briti% =tifications4 ,a "y ,am]ican (fic]1 ,na?an ,hale1 volunte]$ to get ! in=mation4 ,:ile inside ( ! enemy's l9es he 0 tak5 prison] & hang$ z a spy4 ,) 8 late/ brea? he regrett$ t he _h only "o life to lose = 8 c\ntry4 #ca4 ,p>aphrase4--,!re is j "o fur!r k9d ( writ+1 9 :i* ! ideas are giv5 y1 t w be pr(itable to y z practice4 ,?is is p>aphrase4 ,to p>aphrase a piece ( writ+ is to re/ate x 9 y\r own words & 9 a simpl] =m4 ,y us$ "o =m ( p>aphras+ 9 ! ex]cise on page #fj1 :5 y expla9$ figurative expressions by *ang+ !m into simpl] or pla9] language4 ,9 figurative language a resemblance betwe5 ?+s o!rwise unlike is po9t$ out or tak5 = grant$1 & 9 ord] to und]/& ! au?or's mean+ y mu/ be able to discov] ! resemblance4 ,by r$uc+ ! figure to pla9 language y make sure t y und]/& x2 & y are (t5 l$ 9 ?is way to see mu* m cle>ly ! beauty or ! =ce ( ! figure4 ,9 a simil> mann] p>aphras+ w aid y 9 und]/&+ difficult passages1 :e!r 9 v]se or 9 prose1 :i* y may come on 9 y\r read+4 ,x is said ( ,l9coln t :5ev] he read any?+ t seem$ to him v difficult1 he w\ld try to express x s simply t p :o knew less ?an he c\ld und]/& x4 ,p]haps ?is is "o reason :y ,l9coln's spee*es & writ+s are s beautifully cle>4 ,,examples4 #a4 ,! reports ( ! exp$ition demon/rat$ ! practicability ( e/abli%+ a l9e ( communication across ! cont95t1 f ! ,atlantic to ! ,pacific ,ocean4 ,! reports ( ! exp$ition prov$ t x w\ld be possible to build a road across ! cont95t1 f ! ,atlantic to ! ,pacific ,ocean4 #b4 ,two lead+ objects ( comm]cial ga9 h giv5 bir? to wide & d>+ ent]prise 9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( ! ,am]icas1 ! preci\s metals ( ! s\? & ! ri* peltries ( ! nor?4 ,:ile ! ,spani>d1 inflam$ ) ! mania = gold1 has ext5d$ 8 discov]ies & conque/s ov] ^? brilliant c\ntries scor*$ by ! ard5t sun ( ! tropics1 ! ,fr5*man & ,engli%man h pursu$ ! no less lucrative traffic 9 furs amid ! hyp]borean regions ( ! ,canadas4--,,wa%+ton ,,irv+3 ,a/oria4 ,two important objects ( comm]ce h giv5 bir? to d>+ und]tak+s 9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( ,nor? & ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,^! are ! gold & silv] ( ! s\? & ! ri* furs ( ! nor?4 ,! ,spani>d1 mad = gold1 has explor$ & conqu]$ ! tropical c\ntries4 ,mean:ile1 ! ,fr5*man & ! ,engli%man h foll[$ ! equally pr(itable traffic 9 furs 9 ! f> nor!rn regions ( ,canada4 #c4 ,mean:ile ! *ol]ic capta9 /rode wra?ful away to ! c\ncil1 ,f\nd x already assembl$1 impati5tly wait+ 8 com+2 ,m5 9 ! middle ( life1 au/]e & grave 9 deportm5t1 ,only "o ( !m old1 ! hill t 0 ne>e/ to heav51 ,cov]$ ) sn[1 b erect1 ! excell5t ,eld] ( ,plym\?4 --,h4 ,w4 ,,longfell[3 ,! ,c\rt%ip ( ,miles ,/&i%4 ,mean:ile ! quick-temp]$ capta9 /rode wra?fully away to ! c\ncil1 :i* he f\nd already assembl$1 & impati5tly wait+ 8 com+4 ,!y 7 middle-ag$ m51 /]n & grave 9 be>+4 ,only "o ( !m 0 old1 ! excell5t ,eld] ( ,plym\?1 b he /ill /ood erect1 ?\gh 8 hair 0 :ite--l ! sn[ cap on a tall m\nta94 ,ex]cise #gb4--,p>aphrase ! foll[+2 try to express ! ?\ght s simply t p :o "k less ?an y d c und]/& x4 #a4 ,x 0 n until ! ye> #aggf t ! fur trade rega9$ its old *annels2 b x 0 !n pursu$ ) mu* avidity & emulation by individual m]*ants1 & soon transc5d$ its =m] b\nds4--,,wa%+ton ,,irv+3 ,a/oria4 #b4 ,x is *>act]i/ic ( su* a p ! ,aztecs to f9d a pu]ile pleasure 9 a dazzl+ & o/5tati\s pageantry2 to mi/ake %[ = sub/ance2 va9 pomp = p[]2 to h$ge r\nd ! ?rone itself ) b>r5 & burd5some c]emonial1 ! c\nt]feit ( real maje/y4--,w4 ,h4 ,,prescott3 ,! ,conque/ ( ,mexico4 #c4 ,! mess5g] f\nd access to ! b5ignant pr9cess & deliv]$ ! epi/le ( ! fri>4 ,isabella _h always be5 favorably dispos$ to ! proposition ( ,columbus4 ,%e wrote 9 reply to ,juan ,p]ez1 ?ank+ him = 8 timely s]vice1 & reque/+ t he w\ld repair imm$iately to ! c\rt1 leav+ ,columbus 9 confid5t hope until he %\ld he> fur!r f h]4--,,wa%+ton ,,irv+3 ,life ( ,columbus4 #d4 ,x _c be disput$ t ! light toil requisite to cultivate a mod]ately siz$ g>d5 imp>ts su* ze/ to kit*5 vegetables z is nev] f\nd 9 ^? ( ! m>ket g>d5]4 ,*ildless m51 if !y w\ld "k some?+ ( ! bliss ( pat]nity1 %\ld plant a se$ ) _! own h&s & nurse x f infancy to maturity altoge!r by _! own c>e4--,,na?aniel ,,haw?orne3 ,mosses f an ,old ,manse4 #e4 ,dorcas n\ri%$ h] appreh5sions 9 sil5ce till "o aft]noon :5 ,reub5 awoke f an unquiet sleep & seem$ to recognize h] m p]fectly ?an at any previ\s "t4 ,%e saw t 8 intellect _h become compos$1 & %e c\ld no long] re/ra9 h] filial anxiety4--,f ! same4 ,ex]cise #gc4--,p>aphrase ! foll[+ passages3-- #a4 ,ah1 no long] wiz>d ,fancy ,builds h] ca/les 9 ! air1 ,lur+ me by necromancy ,up ! nev]-end+ /air4 ,b in/ead %e builds me bridges ,ov] _m a d>k rav9e1 ,:]e b5ea? ! gu/y ridges ,cat>acts da% & ro> unse54 --,h4 ,w4 ,,longfell[3 ,! ,bridge ( ,cl\d4 #b4 ,= a cap & bells our lives we pay1 ,bubbles we buy ) a :ole s\l's task+2 ',tis heav5 alone t is giv5 away1 ',tis only ,god may be _h = ! ask+2 ,no price is set on ! lavi% summ]2 ,june may be _h by ! poore/ com]4 --,j4 ,r4 ,,l[ell3 ,! ,vision ( ,sir ,launfal4 #c4 ,oh1 = fe/al da9ties spread1 ,l my b[l ( milk & bread2 ,pewt] spoon & b[l ( wood1 ,on ! door /one1 gray & rude6 ,o'er me1 l a regal t5t1 ,cl\dy-ribb$1 ! sunset b5t1 ,purple-curta9$1 fr+$ ) gold1 ,loop$ 9 _m a w9d-swung fold2 ,:ile = music came ! play ,( ! pi$ frogs' or*e/ra2 ,&1 to light ! noisy *oir1 ,lit ! fly 8 lamp ( fire4 ,i 0 mon>*3 pomp & joy ,wait$ on ! b>efoot boy4 --,j4 ,g4 ,,:itti]3 ,! ,b>efoot ,boy4 #cb4 ,p>aphrase ( ,complete ,compositions4--,x is also sometimes a helpful ex]cise to p>aphrase1 n an extract1 b a complete poem or %ort piece ( prose1 9 ord] to make sure t y und]/& x ?or\ghly4 ,?is (t5 requires a good deal ( /udy1 = details1 :i* y _h n at fir/ notic$1 b :i* are ess5tial to ! mean+1 ne$ to be c>efully ?\ght out4 ,read1 = example1 ,longfell['s delightful poem1 ,walt] ,von d] ,vogelweid & !n ! p>aphrase t foll[s4 ,vogelweid ! ,m9nes+]1 ,:5 he left ?is _w ( ours1 ,laid 8 body 9 ! cloi/]1 ,"u ,wrtzburg's m9/] t[]s4 ,& he gave ! monks 8 treasures1 ,gave !m all ) 8 behe/3 ,!y %\ld fe$ ! birds at noontide ,daily on 8 place ( re/2 ,say+1 ,f ^! w&]+ m9/rels ,i h le>n$ ! art ( song2 ,let me n[ repay ! lessons ,!y h taught s well & long4 ,?us ! b>d ( love dep>t$2 ,&1 fulfill+ 8 desire1 ,on 8 tomb ! birds 7 fea/$ ,by ! *ildr5 ( ! *oir4 ,day by day1 o'er t[] & turret1 ,9 f\l wea!r & 9 fair1 ,day by day1 9 va/] numb]s1 ,flock$ ! poets ( ! air4 ,on ! tree1 ^: heavy bran*es ,ov]%ad[$ all ! place1 ,on ! pavem5t1 on ! tomb/one1 ,on ! poet's sculptur$ face1 ,on ! crossb>s ( ea* w9d[1 ,on ! l9tel ( ea* door1 ,!y r5ew$ ! ,w> ( ,w>tburg1 ,:i* ! b>d _h f\ght be=e4 ,!re !y sang _! m]ry c>ols1 ,sang _! lauds on e side2 ,& ! "n _! voices utt]$ ,0 ! "n ( ,vogelweid4 ,till at l5g? ! portly abbot ,murmur$1 ,:y ?is wa/e ( food8 ,be x *ang$ to loaves h5ce=w>d ,= our fa/+ bro!rhood4 ,!n 9 va9 o'er t[] & turret1 ,f ! walls & woodl& ne/s1 ,:5 ! m9/] bells rang noontide1 ,ga!r$ ! unwelcome gue/s4 ,!n 9 va91 ) cries discordant1 ,clamor\s r\nd ! ,go?ic spire1 ,scream$ ! fea!r$ ,m9nes+]s ,= ! *ildr5 ( ! *oir4 ,"t has long effac$ ! inscriptions ,on ! cloi/]'s fun]al /ones1 ,& tradition only tells u ,:]e repose ! poet's bones4 ,b ar\nd ! va/ ca!dral1 ,by sweet e*oes multipli$1 ,/ill ! birds repeat ! leg5d1 ,& ! "n ( ,vogelweid4 ,walt] ,von d] ,vogelweid 0 an old ,g]man ,m9nes+]1 t is1 a poet :o sang ( love1 & 8 "n means ,walt] ( ! ,bird-mead[4 ,:5 he pass$ f ?is _w1 8 body 0 laid 9 ! cloi/] "u ! t[]s ( ! ca!dral ( ,wrtzburg4 ,he gave all 8 prop]ty to ! monks1 on condition t !y %\ld fe$ ! birds t flew ab\t 8 grave4 ,=1 said he1 ,i want to repay ! birds1 :o h taught me ! art ( song4 ,e noon1 z ,walt] _h desir$1 ! *ildr5 ( ! *oir f$ ! birds ab\t 8 tomb4 ,day aft] day1 9 l>g] & l>g] numb]s1 ^! small w&]+ m9/rels flock$ to be f$1 9 fair or /ormy wea!r4 ,on ! tree t ov]%ad[$ 8 grave1 on ! pavem5t1 on ! tomb/one1 ev5 on ! face ( ! m>ble /atue ( ! poet1 !y w\ld clu/]1 s++ 9 rivalry z he _h once sung 9 competition ) o!r poets at ! ca/le ( ,w>tburg4 ,& 9 _! c>ols 0 always ! "n ( ,vogelweid4 ,at la/ ! abbot det]m9$ t ?is wa/e ( food %\ld n cont9ue1 b t loaves ( bread %\ld be b\ght in/ead = ! fa/+ prie/s4 ,aft] ?is ! birds clamor$ 9 va9 = ! *ildr5 :o _h f$ !m4 ,"t has long s9ce worn away ! inscription on ! tomb/one ( ! cloi/]1 & n[ !re is no?+ to tell u :]e ! poet's bones re/2 b ar\nd ! ca!dral ! sweet voices ( ! birds /ill repeat ! /ory & ! "n ( ,walt] ,von d] ,vogelweid4 ,ex]cise #gd4 ,p>aphrase su* complete poems or prose passages z y\r tea*] may indicate4 ,sugge/$ poems3--#a4 ,longfell['s ,! ,leg5d ( ! ,crossbill1 or ,! ,wreck ( ! ,hesp]us4 #b4 ,t5nyson's ,lady ,cl>e4 #c4 ,br[n+'s ,an ,incid5t ( ! ,fr5* ,camp4 #d4 ,scott's ,lo*9v>4 #e4 ,campbell's ,"l ,ull9's ,daught]4 #f4 ,bay>d ,taylor's ,a ,song ( ! ,camp4 #g4 ,:itti]'s ,tell+ ! ,bees4 #h4 ,k+sley's ,! ,s&s o' ,dee4 #i4 ,leigh ,hunt's ,ab\ ,b5 ,adhem4 #aj4 ,l[ell's ,! ,c\rt9'4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,:ole ,,compositions2 ,,outl9es #cc4 ,:ole ,compositions4--,y h n[ /udi$ ! comb9ation ( words into s5t5ces & ! comb9ation ( s5t5ces into p>agraphs4 ,y mu/ mean:ile h guess$ t !re is a /ill l>g] process ( composition1--! comb9+ ( p>agraphs into ! essay or *apt] or book4 ,?is process we mu/ n[ exam9e briefly4 ,read ! foll[+ passage1 :i*1 to be sure1 is n exactly a :ole composition 9 itself1 = x =ms a "p ( a long essay on a visit to ,%aksp]e's bir?place4 ,x is suffici5tly long1 h[ev]1 to %[ h[ p>agraphs are comb9$4 ,i _h come to ,/rat=d on a poetical pilgrimage4 ,my fir/ visit 0 to ! h\se :]e ,%aksp]e 0 born1 & :]e1 accord+ to tradition1 he 0 br\ght up to 8 fa!r's craft ( wool-comb+4 ,x is a small1 mean-look+ edifice ( wood & pla/]1 a true ne/l+ place ( g5ius1 :i* seems to delight 9 hat*+ its (fspr+ 9 by-corn]s4 ,! walls ( its squalid *amb]s are cov]$ ) names & inscriptions 9 e language1 by pilgrims ( all nations1 ranks1 & conditions1 f ! pr9ce to ! peasant2 & pres5t a simple1 b /rik+ in/ance ( ! spontane\s & univ]sal homage ( mank9d to ! great poet ( nature4 ,! h\se is %[n by a g>rul\s old lady1 9 a fro/y r$ face1 light$ up by a cold blue anxi\s eye1 & g>ni%$ ) artificial locks ( flax5 hair1 curl+ f "u an exce$+ly dirty cap4 ,%e 0 peculi>ly assidu\s 9 exhibit+ ! relics ) :i* ?is1 l all o!r celebrat$ %r9es1 ab\nds4 ,!re 0 ! %att]$ /ock ( ! v mat*lock ) :i* ,%aksp]e %ot ! de]1 on 8 poa*+ exploits4 ,!re1 too1 0 8 tobacco box2 :i* proves t he 0 a rival smok] ( ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh2 ! sword also ) :i* he play$ ,hamlet2 & ! id5tical lant]n ) :i* ,fri> ,laur5ce discov]$ ,romeo & ,juliet at ! tomb6 ,! mo/ favorite object ( curiosity1 h[ev]1 is ,%aksp]e's *air4 ,x /&s 9 ! *imney nook ( a small gloomy *amb]1 j beh9d :at 0 8 fa!r's %op4 ,"h he may _m a "t h sat :5 a boy1 wat*+ ! sl[+ revolv+ spit ) all ! long+ ( an ur*92 or ( an ev5+1 li/5+ to ! cronies & gossips ( ,/rat=d1 deal+ =? *ur*y>d tales & leg5d>y anecdotes ( ! tr\blesome times ( ,engl&4 ,9 ?is *air x is ! cu/om ( e "o t visits ! h\se to sit3 :e!r ?is be done ) ! hope ( imbib+ any ( ! inspiration ( ! b>d ,i am at a loss to say--,i m]ely m5tion ! fact2 & m9e ho/ess privately assur$ me1 t1 ?\gh built ( solid oak1 su* 0 ! f]v5t zeal ( devotees1 t ! *air _h to be new bottom$ at lea/ once 9 ?ree ye>s4 ,x is wor?y ( notice also1 9 ! hi/ory ( ?is extraord9>y *air1 t x p>takes some?+ ( ! volatile nature ( ! ,santa ,casa ( ,loretto1 or ! fly+ *air ( ! ,arabian en*ant]2 = ?\gh sold "s few ye>s s9ce to a nor!rn pr9cess1 yet1 /range to tell1 x has f\nd its way back aga9 to ! old *imney4 ,i am always ( easy fai? 9 su* matt]s1 & am ev] will+ to be deceiv$1 :]e ! deceit is pleasant & co/s no?+4 ,i am !re=e a ready believ] 9 relics1 leg5ds1 & local anecdotes ( gobl9s & great m52 & w\ld advise all travel]s :o travel = _! gratification to be ! same4 ,:at is x to u1 :e!r ^! /ories be true or false1 s long z we c p]suade ourselves into ! belief ( !m1 & enjoy all ! *>ms ( ! reality8 ,!re is no?+ l resolute good-humor$ cr$ulity 9 ^! matt]s2 & on ?is occasion ,i w5t ev5 s f> z will+ly to believe ! claims ( m9e ho/ess to a l9eal desc5t f ! poet1 :51 unluckily = my fai?1 %e put into my h&s a play ( h] own composition1 :i* set all belief 9 h] consangu9ity at defiance4--,,wa%+ton ,,irv+3 ,/rat=d-on-,avon4 ,y w notice t ! op5+ s5t5ces give y a h9t ( :at is com+4 ,y w also notice t ! au?or has a sep>ate ?\ght = ea* p>agraph3-- #a4 ,! h\se 9 g5]al4 #b4 ,! relics exhibit$ by ! h\sekeep]4 #c4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ relic2 its hi/ory4 #d4 ,! au?or's good-humor$ cr$ulity4 ,^! ?\ghts1 :5 tak5 toge!r1 build up 9 ! read]'s m9d a l>g] ?\ght1 j z ! ?\ghts express$ 9 ea* s5t5ce 9 a p>agraph1 :5 tak5 toge!r1 build up 9 ! read]'s m9d a small] idea4 ,fur!rmore1 y w notice h[ c>eful ! writ] has be5 to build up t idea 9 ! read]'s m9d cle>ly & easily4 ,he began ) a ?\ght t 0 easy to grasp & t gave y a h9t ( :at 0 com+4 ,"h is ano!r good in/ance ( an au?or's skill 9 plann+ 8 "w3-- ,let u consid] briefly ! /ructure ( ! e>?1 /udy+ fir/ its cru/1 second its int]ior1 ?ird its atmosph]e4 ,x has be5 f\nd t :at is call$ ! e>?'s cru/--t is1 ! outside ( ! e>?1 z ! peel is ! outside ( an orange--is compos$ ( v>i\s rocks ( diff]5t k9ds & ages1 all ( !m1 h[ev]1 belong+ to two great classes3 /ratifi$ t is1 deposit$ 9 lay]s rocks & igne\s made by fire rocks4 ,! /ratifi$ rocks h be5 deposit$ by wat]1 pr9cipally by ! sea4 ,?is is prov$ by two facts3 fir/1 9 _! =mation !y resemble ! b$s ly+ deposit$ by wat] at ! pres5t "t2 secondly1 !y ne>ly all conta9 rema9s ( fi%es & %ell-fi%4 ,su* rema9s1 be+ dug out ( ! e>?1 are call$ fossils1 f ! ,lat9 fossilis1 dug4 ,! :ole s]ies ( s$im5t>y rocks h be5 di/urb$ by eruptions ( volcanic mat]ials4 ,molt5 rock eject$ f ! int]ior ( ! e>? & cool+ =m ! igne\s rocks we h spok5 (4 ,!y are easily di/+ui%$ f ! s$im5t>y rock1 z !y h no appe>ance ( /ratification & conta9 no fossils4 ,we h num]\s pro(s t ! int]ior ( ! e>? is at a high temp]ature at pres5t1 al?\gh its surface has cool$4 ,our deepe/ m9es are s hot t1 )\t a p]petual curr5t ( cold air x w\ld be impossible = ! m9]s to live 9 !m4 ,! wat] br\ght up 9 artesian wells is f\nd to increase 9 temp]ature "o degree = f fifty to fifty-five feet ( dep?4 ,9 ! hot lava emitt$ f volcanoes we h fur!r evid5ce ( ?is int]nal heat4 ,x has be5 calculat$ t ! temp]ature ( ! e>? increases z we desc5d at ! rate ( "o degree ,fahr5heit 9 a little ov] fifty feet4 ,we %all !re=e h a temp]ature ( two ?\s& sev5 hundr$ degrees at a dep? ( tw5ty-eight miles4 ,at ?is temp]ature ev]y?+ :i* we are acqua9t$ ) w\ld be 9 a /ate ( fusion4 ,we n[ pass to ! atmosph]e1 :i* may be lik5$ to a great ocean1 cov]+ ! e>? to a height n yet exactly det]m9$4 ,?is height is g5]ally suppos$ to be =ty-five or fifty miles1 b !re is evid5ce to %[ t we h an atmosph]e ( "s k9d at a height ( f\r hundr$ or five hundr$ miles4 ,! *emical composition by weight ( "o hundr$ p>ts ( ! atmosph]e at pres5t is z foll[s3 nitrog51 sev5ty-sev5 p>ts2 oxyg51 tw5ty-?ree p>ts4 ,besides ^! two ma9 con/itu5ts1 we h c>bonic acid1 ^: quantity v>ies ) ! locality2 aque\s vapor1 v>iable ) ! temp]ature & humidity2 & a trace ( ammonia4--,adapt$ f ,,locky]',s ,a/ronomy4 ,"h1 z be=e1 y w notice t ! au?or has a sep>ate idea = ea* p>agraph1 z foll[s3-- #a4 ,! ?ree p>ts ( ! e>?4 #b4 ,! cru/4 #c4 ,! int]ior4 #d4 ,! atmosph]e4 ,he has also begun 9 ?is case ) a p>agraph t /ates precisely :at plan he is go+ to foll[2 namely1 t he w treat ! subject "u ?ree heads4 #cd4 ,outl9es4--,a full outl9e ( ! selection w\ld be z foll[s3-- ,i4 ,introduction4 ,a4 ,ann\nces :ole topic4 ,b4 ,names subdivisions--cru/1 int]ior1 atmosph]e4 ,,ii4 ,cru/4 ,a4 ,compos$ ( two k9ds ( rocks3-- #a4 ,/ratifi$4 #b4 ,igne\s4 ,,iii4 ,int]ior4 ,a4 ,heat 7pro(s74 ,b4 ,molt5 /ate4 ,,iv4 ,atmosph]e4 ,a4 ,height4 ,b4 ,*emical composition4 ,n[ read ! foll[+ composition3-- ,,! ,,cup ,,( ,,wat] ,no t\* 9 ! hi/ory ( ! m9/rel-k+ ,david gives u a m w>m & p]sonal feel+ t[>d him ?an 8 long+ = ! wat] at ! well ( ,be?lehem4 ,/&+ z ! incid5t does 9 ! summ>y ( ! *>act]s ( 8 mighty m51 x is apt to appe> to u z if x _h tak5 place 9 8 latt] days2 b su* is n ! case4 ,x befell :ile he 0 /ill "u ?irty1 9 ! "t ( 8 p]secution by ,saul4 ,x 0 :5 ! la/ attempt at reconciliation ) ! k+ _h be5 made1 :5 ! affectionate p>t+ ) ! g5]\s & fai?ful ,jona?an _h tak5 place1 :5 ,saul 0 hunt+ him l a p>tridge on ! m\nta9s on ! "o side1 & ! ,phili/9es _h ne>ly tak5 8 life on ! o!r1 t ,david1 outlaw$1 yet loyal at ! he>t1 s5t 8 ag$ p>5ts to ! l& ( ,moab = refuge1 & himself took up 8 abode 9 ! caves ( ! wild lime/one hills t _h become famili> to him :5 he 0 a %eph]d4 ,brave capta9 & heav5-de/9$ k+ z he 01 8 "n attract$ r\nd him a motley gr\p ( ^? t 7 9 di/ress1 or 9 debt1 or discont5t$1 & among !m 7 ! mighty m5 ^: brave de$s won !m ! =emo/ p>ts 9 t army ) :i* ,david 0 to fulfill ! anci5t promises to 8 p4 ,!re 7 8 ?ree nephews1 ,joab1 ! f]oci\s & imp]i\s1 ! *ivalr\s ,abi%ai1 & ,asahel1 ! fleet ( foot2 !re 0 ! w>like ,levite ,b5aiah1 :o slew lions & lionlike m51 & o!rs :o1 l ,david himself1 _h done battle ) ! gigantic sons ( ,anak4 ,yet ev5 ^! valiant m51 s wild & lawless1 c\ld be kept 9 *eck by ! voice ( _! "y capta92 & outlaws z !y 71 !y spoil$ no peaceful villages1 !y lift$ n _! h&s aga9/ ! p]secut+ mon>*1 & ! neighbor+ f>ms lo/ n "o lamb ?r\gh _! viol5ce4 ,"s at lea/ li/5$ to ! song ( _! w>like m9/rel3-- ,come1 ye *ildr51 & he>k5 to me3 ,i w tea* y ! fe> ( ! ,"l4 ,:at man is he t lu/e/ to live1 ,& w\ld fa9 see good days8 ,let him refra9 8 tongue f evil ,& 8 lips t !y speak no guile2 ,let him es*ew evil & d good2 ,let him seek peace & ensue x4 ,) su* /ra9s z ^!1 sung to 8 h>p1 ! w>rior ga9$ ! he>ts ( 8 m5 to en?usia/ic love1 & ga!r$ foll[]s on all sides1 among !m elev5 fi]ce m5 ( ,gad1 ) faces l lions & feet swift z roes1 :o swam ! ,jordan 9 "t ( flood1 & f\ght _! way to him1 putt+ all enemies 9 ! valleys to flight4 ,b ! ,ea/]n sun burnt on ! b>e rocks4 ,a huge fissure1 op5+ 9 ! m\nta9 ridge1 encumb]$ at ! bottom ) brok5 rocks1 ) precipit\s banks sc>cely af=d+ a foot+ = ! wild goats1--su* is ! spot :]e1 ^u a cleft on ! /eep precipice1 /ill rema9s ! f\ndations ( ! hold1 or t[]1 believ$ to h be5 ,david's retreat2 & ne> at h& is ! l[-br[$ entrance ( ! gall]i$ cave1 alt]nat+ betwe5 n>r[ passages & spaci\s halls1 b all oppressively hot & close4 ,wa/e & wild1 )\t a bu% or a tree1 9 ! fev]i% atmosph]e ( ,pale/9e1 x 0 a desolate region1 & at l5g? ! w&]]'s he>t fa9t$ 9 him1 z he ?\ght ( 8 own home1 ) its ri* & lovely t]rac$ slopes1 gre5 ) :eat1 trellis$ ) v9es1 & cl\d$ ) gray olive1 & ( ! cool ci/]ns ( liv+ wat]s by ! gate ( :i* he lov$ to s+1-- ,he %all fe$ me 9 a gre5 pa/ure1 ,& lead me =? beside ! wat]s ( com=t4 ,8 p>*$ long+ lips gave utt]ance to ! sigh1 ,o t "o w\ld give me to dr9k ( ! wat] ( ! well ( ,be?lehem t is by ! gate6 ,?ree ( 8 brave m51 app>5tly ,abi%ai1 ,b5aiah1 & ,eleaz>1 he>d ! wi%4 ,betwe5 _! m\nta9 fa/ness & ! de>ly-lov$ spr+ lay ! ho/ ( ! ,phili/9es2 b _! love = _! lead] fe>$ no enemies4 ,x 0 n only wat] t he long$ =1 b ! wat] f ! f\nta9 :i* he _h lov$ 9 8 *ildhood4 ,!y desc5d$ f _! *asm1 broke ?r\gh ! mid/ ( ! enemy's army1 & drew ! wat] f ! favorite spr+1 be>+ x back1 once aga9 ?r\gh ! foe1 to ! t[] ^u ! rock6 ,deeply mov$ 0 _! *ief at ?is act ( self-devotion1--s mu* mov$ t ! wat] seem$ to him too sacr$ to be put to 8 own use4 ,may ,god =bid x me t ,i %\ld d ?is ?+4 ,%all ,i dr9k ! blood ( ^! m5 t h put _! lives 9 jeop>dy1 = ) ! jeop>dy ( _! lives !y br\ght x8 ,& z a hall[$ & preci\s gift1 he p\r$ out unto ! ,"l ! wat] obta9$ at ! price ( su* p]il to 8 foll[]s4--,,*>lotte ,,yonge3 ,a ,book ( ,gold5 ,de$s4 ,notice ! arrangem5t ( ! p>agraphs 9 ,! ,cup ( ,wat]1 & /udy ! way 9 :i* !y are connect$4 ,?us1 9 #a1 ! p]secution ( ,david by ,saul is spok5 (4 #b c>ries on ! ?\ght by speak+ ( ,david's attempt at reconciliation ) ,saul & ends ) a song ( ,david4 #c op5s ) a ref]5ce to ?is song--) su* /ra9s z ^!1 etc4 #d is connect$ ) #c by b & ends ) ! expression ( ,david's long+4 #e op5s ) direct ref]5ce to ! wi%4 ,! foll[+ is an outl9e ( ! composition3-- ,i4 ,introduction4 ,a4 ,! incid5t gives u a w>m feel+ = him4 ,b4 ,x occurr$ :5 he 0 /ill a "y man4 ,,ii4 ,situation4 ,a4 ,david 9 hid+4 ,b4 ,8 valiant foll[]s4 ,c4 ,david's influ5ce ov] !m4 ,,iii4 ,! devotion ( 8 foll[]s4 ,,iv4 ,:at l$ ,david to wi% = ! wat]4 ,a4 ,! heat4 ,b4 ,! b>r5 region4 ,c4 ,8 memories ( ! cool spr+ at ,be?lehem4 ,v4 ,! wi% fulfill$4 ,a4 ,exp$ition ( ! ?ree valiant m54 ,b4 ,_! return4 ,c4 ,david's noble de$4 ,ex]cise #ge4--,prep>e outl9es ( passages indicat$ by ! tea*]4 #ce4 ,ess5tials 9 a ,:ole ,composition4--,y\r /udy ( ! prec$+ models & y\r practice 9 mak+ outl9es mu/ h %[n y "s ( ! ?+s a long composition %\ld h4 ,let u n[ ga!r up ^! po9ts4 ,y h le>n$ t bo? ! s5t5ce & ! p>agraph mu/ h unity4 ,! long] composition mu/ also h unity4 ,z 9 ! p>agraph ev]y?+ mu/ relate to "o topic1 s 9 ! long composition ev]y?+ mu/ relate to "o l>g] topic4 ,suppose t y\r subject is ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 ! ,/atesman2 y w\ld !n omit facts ab\t ,frankl9's boyhood1 also ^? ab\t 8 discov]ies 9 sci5ce1 s9ce1 important & int]e/+ z ^! facts are1 !y d n be> directly on ! topic4 ,9 a good composition1 "o p>agraph leads up to or sugge/s ano!r4 ,look aga9 at ! passage on page #hh4 ,9 #a ! h\se itself is describ$4 ,9 #b we are tak5 inside by ! h\sekeep]1 :o exhibits ! relics4 #c gives a m detail$ acc\nt ( "o relic 9 p>ticul> 7,%aksp]e's *air74 ,d\bts ( its au!nticity naturally lead to ! au?or's little talk on relics 9 g5]al1 :i* y f9d 9 #d4 ,v (t51 al?\gh n always1 y w f9d p>agraphs jo9$ by connect+ words2 b !re %\ld always be connection 9 ?\ght4 ,9 ! *apt] on ,cond5sation y are direct$ to decide c>efully z to ! relative importance ( ! diff]5t po9ts treat$1 & to treat ! mo/ important po9ts at ! greate/ l5g?4 ,rememb]1 !n1 t ev]y?+ 9 y\r composition %\ld treat ( "o !me2 t ! p>agraphs %\ld foll[ ea* o!r 9 an ord]ly way1 ea* "o c>ry+ on ! ?\ght sugge/$ by ! prec$+ p>agraph2 & t ! mo/ important po9ts %\ld be treat$ at ! greate/ l5g?4 #cf4 ,h[ to ,plan an ,essay4--,let u suppose t y take z y\r subject = a composition ,! ,cotton ,g94 ,read all y c f9d on ! subject1 jott+ d[n po9ts ( int]e/1 su* z ! foll[+3-- ,boyhood ( ,:itney4 ,8 visit to ! ,s\?4 ,he becomes int]e/$ 9 problem ( clean+ se$s f cotton wool4 ,! me?od ( remov+ se$s be=e ! inv5tion4 ,condition ( cotton indu/ry 9 ! ,s\?4 ,description ( cotton g94 ,eli ,:itney's attempts to make a ma*9e4 ,8 success4 ,result ( inv5tion z to cotton rais+4 ,:itney's "*4 ,relation betwe5 slav]y & ! cotton g94 ,effect ( inv5tion z to manufactur+ at ,nor?4 ,am\nt ( cotton export$ aft] inv5tion4 ,price ( cotton be=e inv5tion2 aft] inv5tion4 ,f ?is mass ( mat]ial y mu/ *oose ! important facts4 ,keep only ! facts t be> ^u y\r topic4 ,reject ev]y?+ else4 ,! result w\ld be some:at z foll[s3-- ,accept$3-- ,condition ( cotton indu/ry be=e inv5tion ( cotton g94 ,me?od ( remov+ se$s be=e inv5tion ( cotton g94 ,price ( cotton4 ,:itney becomes int]e/$ 9 problem4 ,8 fir/ attempt to make a ma*9e4 ,8 success4 ,price ( cotton aft] inv5tion ( cotton g94 ,description ( ,:itney's cotton g94 ,result ( inv5tion z to cotton rais+4 ,relation betwe5 slav]y & ! cotton g94 ,am\nt ( cotton export$ aft] ! inv5tion4 ,effect ( inv5tion on manufactur+ at ! ,nor?4 ,reject$3-- ,boyhood ( ,:itney4 ,visit to ,s\?4 ,:itney's "*4 ,^! po9ts are reject$ because !y d n be> directly ^u ! ma9 !me1 al?\gh sugge/$ by x4 ,close att5tion to ! selection ( mat]ial 9 ?is way w give y\r composition unity4 ,aft] select+ y\r facts1 ! next po9t is to arrange !m 9 an ord]ly way1 s t "o p>agraph w lead naturally to ! next4 ,y w\ld !n h "s su* arrangem5t z ?is3-- ,i4 ,condition ( cotton indu/ry be=e inv5tion ( cotton g94 ,a4 ,me?od ( remov+ se$s be=e inv5tion ( cotton g94 ,b4 ,price ( cotton4 ,,ii4 ,:itney's solution ( ! problem4 ,a4 ,8 fir/ attempt to make a ma*9e4 ,b4 ,8 success4 ,c4 ,description ( ,:itney's cotton g94 ,,iii4 ,result ( inv5tion4 ,a4 ,price ( cotton aft] inv5tion ( cotton g94 ,b4 ,am\nt ( cotton export$ aft] ! inv5tion4 ,c4 ,effect ( inv5tion on manufactur+ at ! ,nor?4 ,d4 ,relation betwe5 slav]y & ! cotton g94 ,"h1 = fur!r illu/ration1 is a simil> outl9e = a composition on cotton4 ,i4 ,description ( plant4 ,a4 ,root4 ,b4 ,/em4 ,c4 ,leaves4 ,d4 ,fl[]s4 ,e4 ,cotton boll4 ,f4 ,se$s4 ,,ii4 ,:]e gr[n4 ,a4 ,( :at c\ntry a native4 ,b4 ,:]e gr[n mo/ ext5sively4 ,,iii4 ,prep>ation4 ,a4 ,pick+4 ,b4 ,g9n+4 ,c4 ,pack+4 ,,iv4 ,manufactur+4 ,a4 ,articles manufactur$4 ,v4 ,hi/ory ( ,plant4 ,a4 ,discov]y4 ,b4 ,9 ,am]ica be=e inv5tion ( cotton g94 ,c4 ,9 ,am]ica aft] inv5tion ( cotton g94 ,d4 ,value to-day4 ,ex]cise #gf4--;,i4 ,make outl9es = composition on su* topics z ! tea*] indicates4 ,sugge/$ topics3-- #a4 ,our ,f\r?-(-,july ,celebration4 #b4 ,! ,lo/ ,*ild4 #c4 ,tobacco4 #d4 ,! ,battle ( ,bull ,run4 ,,ii4 ,write compositions1 us+ ! outl9es y h made4 ,be sure y reject ev]y?+1 no matt] h[ int]e/+1 t does n relate to y\r subject4 ,arrange y\r p>agraphs c>efully1 us+ connect+ words :5 possible4 ,treat ! mo/ important facts at greate/ l5g?4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,oral ,,composition #cg4 ,! ,great ,ess5tial4--,we h n[ discuss$ c]ta9 matt]s :i* w be ( s]vice to y if y write y\r ?\ghts = o!rs to read4 ,w ^! pr9ciples /ill hold if y speak y\r ?\ghts = o!rs to he>8 ,yes1 9 ! ma92 b y mu/ rememb] t 9 ! "o case ! p]sons y address h simply to read2 if !y d n und]/&1 !y c simply look back & r]ead4 ,9 ! o!r case1 ! p]sons y address are li/5+1 & !y mu/ und]/& ea* s5t5ce z x comes to !m1 = ( c\rse any "o 9 an audi5ce _c /op a speak] because he fails to he> a ^w or a phrase4 ,a speak] mu/ !re=e1 fir/ ( all1 take pa9s t ea* p]son 9 8 audi5ce he>s cle>ly e ^w he says4 #ch4 ,h[ to be ,he>d4--,if y wi% to speak s t e "o 9 y\r audi5ce c he> all t y say1 y mu/ take pa9s ab\t sev]al ?+s3-- #a4 ,prop] ,position4--,spee* is s\nd produc$ by a /ream ( air =c$ f ! lungs 7z f a bell[s7 & /rik+ aga9/ c]ta9 cords 9 ! ?roat4 ,by alt]+ ! tightness ( ^! cords & by *ang+ ! position ( ! palate1 tongue1 & tee?1 we *ange ! "* ( ! s\nd4 ,if we are to speak to a consid]able numb] ( p1 !n1 we mu/ make sure t all ?is bodily ma*9]y works ) special ease & =ce1 & fir/ ( all1 t ! lungs 7! bell[s7 move freely4 ,?is means t !y mu/ h space to "w1 & ?is 9 turn means t we mu/ /& erect1 ) ! %\ld]s ?r[n back1 ! *e/ out1 & ! /oma* 94 ,! body %\ld n be held /iffly or else ! ?roat muscles are likely to become rigid also2 b we %\ld /& naturally1 & firmly1 n z if we 7 ab\t to tumble ov] or to jump1 b z if we 7 ready to speak quietly to our fri5ds--:i* is j :at we are to d4 #b4 ,prop] ,brea?+4--,we %\ld brea! sl[ly1 regul>ly1 & deeply1 f ! abdom5 r ?an f ! top ( ! lungs4 ,if we brea! too fa/ or too irregul>ly1 we %all speak 9 a rapid1 j]ky way1 & f9d x v difficult to make ourselves und]/ood4 #c4 ,prop] ,use ( ! ,muscles ( ! ,?roat & ,m\?4--,we mu/ be c>eful n to cramp ! muscles ( ! ?roat1 b to let !m move easily4 ,we c ?us produce a l\d cle> tone )\t tir+ ourselves unduly4 ,if ! head does n hang d[n1 if ! m\? is op5$ wide1 & ! ?roat muscles are all[$ to "w freely1 )\t rigidity1 ! voice w be cle> & di/9ct4 #d4 ,prop] ,pit*4--,we mu/ be sure 7p>ticul>ly ! girls7 n to pit* ! voice too high1 z if x 7 a sir5 :i/le or a fife4 ,a cle>1 r l[-pit*$ voice is ! mo/ pleasant to he>4 ,we mu/ be c>eful1 too1 n to talk 7z s _m ( u d7 ?r\gh our noses4 ,a nasal voice is almo/ always a disagreeable voice4 #e4 ,cle> ,articulation4--,s mu* = ! voice 9 g5]al2 n[1 la/ ( all1 we mu/ be c>eful to pron\nce cle>ly1 to articulate di/9ctly1 t is1 to give ea* syllable its prop] value4 ,( c\rse we d n ord9>ily l to li/5 to a v prim & precise speak]1 :o pron\nces e syllable ) equal di/9ctness1 utt]+ %>ply1 = in/ance1 ! d 9 su* an unimportant ^w z &4 ,x is ! cu/om ( our language to di/+ui% betwe5 ! acc5t$ syllables1 :i* we pron\nce di/9ctly1 & ! unacc5t$ syllables1 ov] :i* we pass lightly4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 we d n l to li/5 to ! slov5ly speak]1 :o drops entirely ! d 9 & & ! g 9 +1 & :o s\nds all 8 v[els v mu* alike4 ,9 ?is matt] ( articulation1 y w d well to take "s old] p]son1 a good speak] or read]1 z a model1 & to imitate him or h]4 ,practice read+ al\d to y\r fri5ds1 /&+ sometimes at ! v end ( ! room1 or at ! end ( a suite ( rooms1 z f> z possible f y\r he>]s1 ask+ any "o ( !m to int]rupt y ! mom5t t any?+ y say is n di/9ctly he>d4 #ci4 ,pronunciation4--,z to pronunciation1 y mu/ rememb] t (t5 cu/om is n uni=m4 ,!re are sometimes two or ev5 m ways ( pron\nc+ a ^w1 bo? or all ( :i* are giv5 9 ! diction>ies2 & occasionally !re is a ?or\ghly prop] way ( pron\nc+ a ^w :i* ! m5 :o make ! diction>ies h un=tunately omitt$1 b :i* is us$ by _m educat$ & cultivat$ p4 ,9 g5]al1 y %\ld use ! pronunciation ( ! mo/ intellig5t & respect$ p y "k1 & 9 p>ticul> t ( y\r tea*] & y\r s*ool4 ,x is q prop] & desirable t e s*ool or tea*] %\ld e/abli% its own cu/om = words :i* are usually pron\nc$ 9 "o ( sev]al ways1 & ! pupil %\ld d 8 be/ to con=m1 = ! conv5i5ce ( all1 to ! cu/om ( ! class or ! s*ool 9 ?is respect4 #dj4 ,a ,plan ,necess>y4--,!re is no o!r important diff]5ce :i* y ne$ n[ consid] betwe5 oral composition & writt5 composition4 ,9 bo? x is bett]1 be=e y beg91 to ?9k c>efully ov] :at y h to say4 ,9 oral composition1 z 9 writt51 x is wise to make a plan1 & y c make x 9 precisely ! same way4 ,,note ,,= ,,! ,,tea*]4--,x does n seem necess>y to ins]t special ex]cises 9 oral composition4 ,almo/ any ( ! ex]cises f ! foll[+ *apt]s may be us$ ) advantage4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,di>y #da4 ,! ,value ( a ,di>y4--,! di>y is ! simple/ =m ( writ+1 = y are writ+ = y\rself1 mak+ = y\rself a record ( y\r life4 ,:at d y ?9k %\ld g 9 a di>y8 ,if y\r p>5ts _h kept "o :5 !y 7 y\r age1 :at w\ld y h f\nd mo/ int]e/+ n[8 ,a great _m ?+s :i* !y w\ld h tak5 = grant$ w\ld seem odd to y1 i4e4 no telephone1 big /oves 9 ! class room1 diff]5t /udies1 etc4 ,if a boy 9 ,*9a kept a di>y1 :at w\ld y f9d mo/ int]e/+8 ,"s acc\nt ( 8 games1 ( 8 playmates1 ( ! look ( ! /reets he pass$ ?r\gh1 ( h[ he felt t[>ds 8 tea*]1 etc4 ,be> ^! po9ts 9 m9d1 = :5 y gr[ old]1 ?\gh y w n live 9 ano!r l& or ano!r g5]ation1 y w be v f> f y\r s*ool-days1 & y\r di>y %\ld make a picture ( !m = y4 ,if y _h be5 able to keep a di>y :5 y 7 six or sev51 :at w\ld y n[ read 9 x ) mo/ int]e/8 ,! ideal is to set d[n at ! end ( ! day a rem9d] ( x1 s t :5 y look at x y w rememb] :at made t day diff]5t f e o!r4 ,?is is n possible always1 b z a matt] ( fact e day has "s special features1 if x is only ! wea!r4 ,f a practical po9t ( view1 ! di>y is a great aid to lett]-writ+1 s9ce x really =ms ! notes = a n>rative ( y\r life4 ,x (t5 settles disputes ab\t ! date on :i* some?+ 0 done2 x furni%es data = calculations 9 plann+2 i4e4 y wi% to h an e>ly spr+ picnic1 &1 consult+ y\r di>y1 f9d t on ! #bj? ( ,m>* ( ! ye> be=e y 7 9 ! woods )\t an ov]coat & f\nd arbutus2 or y wi% to get up an ent]ta9m5t1 & turn back 9 y\r di>y = ! description ( "o y saw dur+ ! summ]4 ,x gives y mat]ial = writ+ ex]cises = y\r ,engli% "w2 = in/ance1 ! entry1 ,to-day we w5t to ,aunt ,julia's to help pick *]ries2 ,i 0 almo/ bitt5 by _! dog :5 we came d[n f ! tree1 is really ! outl9e = a %ort /ory1 if y make y\r note on x suffici5t to br+ ! picture up be=e y\r m9d4 #db4 ,cont5ts ( a ,di>y4--,no two di>ies %\ld be alike1 b c]ta9 ?+s %\ld always be not$ s z to make a cont9u\s record1 ev5 if !y d n seem ( special int]e/2 i4e4 ! wea!r 7v briefly if x is no?+ unusual71 ! movem5ts ( ! family 7if any "o is away or j return$71 ! heal? ( ! family 7?is only if any "o is ill71 :at ! g5]al news ( s*ool is 7if any special ev5t ( s*ool life has tak5 place71 & :at y y\rself h be5 do+4 ,y may sometimes ?9k t y h done no?+ wor? putt+ d[n1 b any?+ t has made ! day diff]5t f ! day be=e is wor? writ+4 ,d n try to make entries = diff]5t days ( same l5g?4 ,try to cultivate ! ability to pick out ! details ( an incid5t :i* w make y rememb] x mo/ di/9ctly4 ,lat] on1 9 lett] writ+ & description1 y w h to select details :i* w br+ a picture mo/ cle>ly be=e ! m9ds ( o!r p1 b 9 y\r di>y y are fre]4 ,9 y\r entry aft] an aft]noon's sl$d+1 = in/ance1 x may be suffici5t = y to say3 ,w5t sl$d+ on ,holmes's hill4 ,wea!r v cold1 ) a high w9d1 t s5t ! sn[ fly+4 ,broke my sl$1 try+ to make ! corn] curve too fa/4 ,! :ole cr[d ( u come home toge!r1 tak+ turns 9 pull+ ea* o!r & play+ ,eskimos1 & ,i almo/ fro/$ my nose4 ,if ^? 7 ! important ev5ts ( ! aft]noon to y1 !y %\ld br+ up ! :ole picture be=e y1 s t y c\ld see x cle>ly en\gh to rememb] all ! o!r details t w\ld be necess>y to give any "o else an idea ( :at ! exp$ition 0 l4 ,x is absolutely ess5tial t ! entry = ea* day %\ld be made :ile x is fre% 9 y\r m9d2 d n wait = sev]al days1 & !n write up y\r di>y4 ,a %ort entry on ! day ( ! occurr5ce is wor? m ?an a page writt5 a week lat]4 ,aft] ! s*ool news1 & :at y y\rself h done1 ent] any?+ unusual :i* any "o y "k has done1 or any *ange ( conditions at home2 i4e4 t x is pres]v+ "t & ! h\se is full ( odor ( cook+ fruit2 t x is ne> ,*ri/mas1 & y work$ ) ! o!rs on mak+ wrea?s = ! decorations ( ! *ur*4 ,y w f9d t a brief record ( y\r "w at s*ool1 h[ y succe$$ & h[ y fail$1 :at y f\nd h>d & :y1 is ( real use to y4 #dc4 ,imag9>y ,di>ies4--,aft] y h =m$ ! habit ( mak+ e day a picture ( y\r own actual life1 try mak+ a simil> picture ( ! life ( an imag9>y p]son4 ,take any p]iod y h /udi$ 9 y\r hi/ory & try to make a di>y ( a boy or girl :o liv$ 9 t "t4 ,ex]cise #gg4--a4 ,a ,puritan boy 9 ! fir/ w9t] ( ! /ay ( ! ,puritan fa!rs 9 ,new ,engl&2 *oose a week :5 !y fir/ l&1 & a week :5 spr+ beg9s to come4 ,br+ out ! diff]5ce 9 8 feel+s4 #b4 ,a girl 9 ,dut* ,manhattan4 ,tell ! /ory ( ! tak+ ( ,manhattan by ! ,engli% z x w\ld h appe>$ to h]4 ,f y\r /udy ( ! cu/oms & habits ( ! "t1 write a week's entries ( h] holiday week1 ,*ri/mas cu/oms1 etc4 #c4 ,an ,indian boy3 a week's di>y 9 ! ,we/1 on ! pla9s1 etc41 & !n lat]1 a week's entries aft] he arrives at ! ,indian s*ool & is be+ taught ! cu/oms ( ! :ite m54 #d4 ,di>y ( a week sp5t z y w\ld l be/ to sp5d x4 ,di>y ( an imag9>y week 9 ! c\ntry2 9 ! city2 9 ,s\? ,am]ica2 on an ocean voyage2 dur+ a week's illness4 #e4 ,di>y ( ! inhabitant ( any c\ntry y are /udy+ 9 y\r geography lessons4 #dd4 ,! ,class ,di>y4--,if !re is n already su* a cu/om 9 y\r class room1 x is a good ?+ = y to />t a class di>y1 or record ( ! ye>'s s*ool "w & activities4 ,?is aims to d ! same ?+ = ! class t y\r p]sonal di>y does = y\r own life1 & 9 x %\ld be writt5 all t makes ! life ( ea* s*ool day or week di/9ctive4 ,?is book is left 9 y\r class room1 to =m "o ( a s]ies ( su* records1 :i* w be ( increas+ int]e/ z ! ye>s g on4 ,any l>ge blank book may be us$ = ?is purpose1 & great c>e %\ld be tak5 to keep ! record v neatly writt54 ,no?+ %\ld be ent]$ until all corrections h be5 made1 s t a fair copy may be writt54 ,sometimes1 :5 only ! l>g] ev5ts are to be *ronicl$1 x is bett] t ?is record be set d[n by weeks1 r ?an by days4 ,a good plan is to divide ! class into committees ( f\r or five ea*1 :o take *>ge ( not+ d[n ! happ5+s ( ! week4 ,!y write ! entry1 read x to ! class = sugge/ions & criticisms1 & set x d[n 9 ! class di>y4 ,x is well to h fix$ a c]ta9 numb] ( items :i* are to be not$ regul>ly1 & ^! may be divid$ among ! memb]s ( ! committee = ! week4 ,= in/ance1 "o may make x 8 bus9ess to note ! wea!r1 ! temp]ature1 ! w9d1 or any unusual conditions out ( doors2 ano!r1 ! advance ( ! seasons1 ! day :5 ! fir/ rob9 arrives1 or :5 ! fir/ def9ite signs ( w9t] 7 se51 :e!r ?is be ! fall+ ( ! la/ leaves1 ! fir/ sn[/orm1 or ! fact t ! /reet c>s are heat$2 ano!r may take z 8 %>e ! /ate ( ! /udies ( ! class1 unusual lessons1 if any1 & ! progress made 9 ! regul> ones2 ano!r1 any items ( g5]al int]e/ 9 o!r classes 9 ! s*ool4 ,a record ( all mann] ( items may be kept "h1--facts :i* ! class is int]e/$ 9 keep+1 su* z ! att5dance = ea* day1 or ! av]age att5dance = ! week1 ! av]age p]c5tage ( ! class 9 any /udy1 etc4 ,= special ev5ts1--ent]ta9m5ts1 debates1 excursions1 etc41--!re may be a memb] ( ! committee delegat$ to report1 or ! acc\nts may be writt5 z an ex]cise1 & ! be/ "o select$ by ! committee or tea*]4 ,! entry = ! week %\ld be made up ( ^! v>i\s reports1 ent]$ neatly 9 ! class di>y1 & sign$ by ! pupils compos+ ! committee4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,lett] #de4 ,v>i\s ,k9ds ( ,lett]s4--,y h se5 t ! di>y or j\rnal is ! mo/ in=mal & simple =m ( writt5 expression1 s9ce x is int5d$1 z a rule1 = ! writ] only4 ,! lett] is less p]sonal ?an ! di>y1 because x is address$ to "o o!r p]son2 b x is m p]sonal ?an g5]al writ+ 7description1 /ories1 etc471 :i* is address$ to a numb] ( p]sons1 mo/ ( :om ! writ] does n "k4 ,lett]s diff] widely accord+ to _! purposes1 b ! m]it ( any sort ( a lett] may be judg$ by putt+ y\rself 9 ! place ( ! p]son receiv+ x1 & try+ to feel :e!r y w\ld be satisfi$ by x4 ,lett]s may be classifi$ z foll[s accord+ to _! purposes3-- #a4 ,to bridge ov]1 z f> z possible1 a sep>ation betwe5 p :o "k ea* o!r well1 & to take ! place ( a conv]sation betwe5 !m4 ,fri5dly lett]s4 #b4 ,to arrange matt]s ( social int]c\rse 9 ! mo/ correct & pleas+ mann]1 to ext5d & accept or refuse invitations1 etc4 ,social lett]s4 #c4 ,to give in=mation or ask que/ions z cle>ly z possible4 ,bus9ess lett]s4 #d4 ,to give in=mation or ask que/ions z briefly z is consi/5t ) p]fect cle>ness4 ,telegrams4 #e4 ,to take ! place ( go+ ab\t & tell+ _m p ! same ?+4 ,notices4 #f4 ,to pres5t a reque/ = a favor 9 ! mo/ p]suasive mann]4 ,petitions4 #df4 ,fri5dly ,lett]s4--,!re are five ma9 p>ts to e lett]3 7#a7 ! head+2 7#b7 ! salutation2 7#c7 ! body1 or :at is writt52 7#d7 ! complim5t>y end+2 7#e7 ! conclusion4 ,9 a fri5dly lett] ! head+1 :i* consi/s ( ! po/-(fice address ( ! writ] & ! date ( writ+1 is sometimes omitt$1 al?\gh x is always be/ to write ! date1 ev5 9 lett]s ( ! greate/ intimacy4 ,"s ( ! usual salutations 9 lett]s to ne> fri5ds or relatives are3 ,my de> ,"m1 ,de> ,fa!r1 ,de> ,m>y1 ,my de> ,mrs4 ,smi?1 ,my de> ,aunt ,m>?a4 ,accord+ to ! degree ( intimacy ! usual complim5t>y end+s are3 ,s9c]ely y\rs1 ,v s9c]ely y\rs1 ,cordially y\rs1 ,he>tily y\rs1 ,y\rs ev]1 ,affectionately y\rs1 ,y\rs lov+ly1 ,y\r lov+ daught]1 ,y\r affectionate son1 etc4 ,9 lett]s to memb]s ( ! family or close fri5ds ! fir/ "n only is sometimes sign$4 ,! foll[+ are good typical =ms = fri5dly lett]s3-- 7#a7 ,,dorset1 ,n4,h41 ,may #aj1 #aijf4 ,,my ,,de> ,,gilb]t1-- ----------------------------- ---------------------------------------- -- ------------------ ,fai?fully y\rs1 ,,james ,,mey]4 7#b7 ,,butte1 ,april #af1 ,?ursday4 ,,de> ,,"m1-- -------------------------- ---------------------------------------- -- --------------------------- ,y\r affectionate son1 ,,h5ry4 ,! ideal 9 fri5dly lett]s is to write to y\r correspond5t :at y w\ld say to him if y c\ld see him1 & to answ] ! que/ions he w\ld put to y4 ,if y are away on a visit1 = in/ance1 ! que/ions he w\ld probably ask are1 ,:at sort ( a place is x :]e y are8 ,are y hav+ a good "t8 ,:at are y do+ to amuse y\rself8 ,try to ?9k :at sort ( a lett] y w\ld l to h him write if he 7 away1 & write accord+ly4 ,al?\gh y wi% to write naturally & almo/ z ?\gh y 7 talk+1 x is be/ to make out a li/ ( ! really important ?+s y wi% to say1 or y w f9d t y h come to ! end ( y\r lett] )\t /at+ "s vital facts y wi%$ y\r fri5d to "k4 ,x has be5 said t a fri5dly lett] %\ld be l a conv]sation1 b y mu/ rememb] t x is a conv]sation limit$ 9 "t4 ,if y 7 ab\t to see y\r fri5d = only a half h\r1 x w\ld be well to ?9k ( a few ma9 facts y wi%$ to tell him1 or que/ions y wi% him to answ]1 & be> !m 9 m9d2 o!rwise y\r "t might come to an end be=e y _h said ! important ?+s4 ,ev5 = ! mo/ in=mal lett] x is always be/ to make an outl9e1 al?\gh x may be a v brief "o4 ,suppose y wi% to describe ! way 9 :i* y sp5t ,*ri/mas away f home4 ,probably no?+ v unusual happ5$1 & y may ?9k an outl9e unnecess>y2 b y w f9d1 ev5 9 relat+ ! facts ( "o day1 t if y d n h "s plan & keep 9 y\r m9d ! ma9 ev5ts 9 _! prop] ord]1 y w be likely to write a confus$ & incomplete acc\nt ( :at y did4 ,"s su* outl9e z ! foll[+ is ne$$3-- ,,introduction4 ,! place :]e ,i 01--city1 c\ntry1 or village2 ! wea!r2 g5]al conditions4 7,?is in=mation c be giv5 z briefly z y please1 9 a p>agraph1 b x is ess5tial to und]/&+ :at y say ab\t ,*ri/mas ,day itself47 ,,ma9 ,,body ,,( ,,! ,,lett]4 ,morn+4 ,:y we hung up our /ock+s1 & h[ we receiv$ our pres5ts4 ,d9n]4 ,h[ we help$ prep>e x1 & any special features ( x4 ,aft]noon4 ,coa/+4 ,ev5+4 ,*>ades1 & ! "o we ?\ght p>ticul>ly good4 ,,end+4 ,inquiries ab\t y\r fri5d's ,*ri/mas1 fri5dly greet+s1 & ! close4 ,a lett] writt5 on ! above outl9e foll[s3-- ,,newtonville1 ,,wis4 ,janu>y #b1 #aijf4 ,,my ,,de> ,,h>ry1-- ,i promis$ y be=e ! holidays began t ,i w\ld let y "k h[ ,i _h sp5t my ,*ri/mas1 b ! la/ day ( ! vacation has come & ,i h n writt5 y a l9e4 ,! tru? is t ,i h be5 hav+ su* a good "t e m9ute t ,i h n realiz$ h[ fa/ ! week has be5 go+4 ,y rememb] my big c\s9 :o goes to ! ,/ate ,univ]sity1 don't y8 ,he came to visit our s*ool once1 la/ w9t]4 ,8 fa!r1 my uncle1 invit$ our family to come out "h & h a real c\ntry ,*ri/mas on 8 f>m1 & "h we h be5 s9ce ! day aft] s*ool clos$4 ,he lives 9 a f9e1 l>ge f>mh\se1 ) room en\gh 9 x = 8 big family & ours1 too4 ,we are ?ree miles f t[n1 b !re are pl5ty ( horses to drive1 & ! air is s brac+ & ! wea!r s cle> & cold t we don't m9d ! walk4 ,besides t1 !re are su* a lot ( u t nobody ev] has to g alone4 ,i nev] knew :at fun x is to be 9 a big family4 ,!re is always somebody ready = a tramp :5ev] y want to g out1 & 9 ! ev5+s x is l be+ at a p>ty all ! "t4 ,on ,*ri/mas eve we hung up our /ock+s1 ev5 ! gr[n-ups4 ,t 0 = ! little *ildr51 :o /ill ?9k !re is a ,santa ,claus4 ,!re 0 h>dly room en\gh along ! mantelpiece = !m all1 & ! next morn+1 :5 !y 7 all full & knobby1 !y actually ov]lapp$4 ,*ri/mas morn+ we 7 all up ev] s e>ly4 ,be=e x 0 really light1 my big c\s9 0 ar\nd knock+ at ! doors1 call+ u to breakfa/ & %\t+1 ,m]ry ,*ri/mas6 ,we scrambl$ into our clo!s & rac$ d[n/airs to breakfa/1 & !n to ! /ock+s4 ,we pret5d$ we ?\ght ,santa ,claus _h j t m9ute gone1 & y ought to h se5 ! little girls look up ! *imney aft] him4 ,by ! "t ev]ybody _h look$ at all 8 own pres5ts & ! ?+s o!r p _h1 x 0 "t to beg9 ?9k+ ab\t d9n]4 ,we help$ get x4 ,i %\ldn't be surpris$ if we 7 m 9 ! way ?an a help1 b x 0 lots ( fun4 ,! girls work$ ar\nd 9 ! kit*5 & help$ set ! table1 & we boys decorat$ ! rooms ) gre5s & turn$ ! ice-cream crank4 ,!re 7 eighte5 ( u at table1 & y c\ldn't he> y\rself ?9k = ! talk+ & laugh+4 ,! la/ ?+ we did 0 to pass ar\nd a big %eet ( pap]1 & ev]ybody wrote 8 "n on x & any?+ else he want$ to say4 ,we are go+ to try1 all ( u1 to get toge!r t way e ,*ri/mas1 & make su* a li/ ea* "t = a remembrance4 ,my big c\s9 wrote1 ,unit$ we cook1 unit$ we eat1 unit$ we die6 ,i said x 0 ! be/ ,*ri/mas ,i _h ev] _h4 ,we _h eat5 s mu* t aft] d9n] we j sat ar\nd & talk$ = a :ile1 & !n a cr[d ( boys w5t out to coa/ & try our new sl$s4 ,!re is a f9e hill "r ne> ! h\se1 & ! sn[ 0 exactly "r4 ,y c coa/ z mu* z t5 city blocks )\t sl[+ up at all1 & !n y run along on a level = f\r or five m4 ,9 ! ev5+ "s ( ! neighbors came 9 & we play$ *>ades4 ,i nev] knew y c\ld h s mu* fun at t4 ,we ?\ght ( a numb] ( good words1 b our side _h ! be/1 ,russian4 ,we play$ ! fir/ syllable l a football ru%1 & t 0 excit+4 ,my c\s9 is on ! univ]sity team1 & he told u j :at to d to h x l real football4 ,we act$ ! la/ syllable z %un1 & none ( u w\ld look at "o ( ! girls1--%unn$ h]1 y "k4 ,= ! :ole ^w we put on all ! furs we c\ld f9d1 & p>ad$ ar\nd ) bann]s1 & pret5d$ to ?r[ bombs4 ,! o!r side c\ldn't guess = a long "t :at we 7 act+4 ,we 7 pretty tir$ :5 we w5t to b$1 b ,i ?\ght aga9 x 0 ab\t ! nice/ ,*ri/mas ,i _h ev] kn[n4 ,i hope y _h a good "t1 too1 & ,i wi% y w\ld write me ab\t x4 ,x mu/ h be5 v diff]5t f m9e1 s9ce y 7 9 ! city4 ,did y get ! new skates y want$8 ,my fa!r gave me a pair4 ,i hope ,i %all he> soon f y t y\r ,*ri/mas 0 z great a success z m9e4 ,s9c]ely y\rs1 ,,george ,,all54 ,ex]cise #gh4--,make a simil> outl9e & write a lett] on any "o ( ! foll[+ topics3-- 7#a7 ,y\r ,*ri/mas holidays 9 ! city4 7#b7 ,a trip 9 a boat4 7#c7 ,! use ( a new cam]a4 7#d7 ,! beg9n+ ( a new /udy 9 s*ool4 7#e7 ,! beg9n+ ( new lessons out ( s*ool4 7#f7 ,! la/ game ( baseball1 basket-ball1 etc41 y h se54 7#g7 ,a railway j\rney4 7#h7 ,y\r fri5d is away on a visit4 ,write him all t has gone on 9 ! neighborhood & s*ool s9ce he left4 7#i7 ,y\r p>5ts are away4 ,write !m ! news ( y\r home4 7#aj7 ,y h f\nd a c]ta9 book int]e/+4 ,write y\r fri5d ab\t x & recomm5d x to him4 7#aa7 ,describe an int]e/+ address or play y h he>d4 7#ab7 ,an accid5t :i* y saw or "o 9 :i* y 74 7#ac7 ,an exp$ition 9 ! woods4 7#ad7 ,an ent]ta9m5t y h rec5tly se5 or "o :i* y help$ to give4 7#ae7 ,a new pet4 7#af7 ,a c>p5t] %op y h arrang$ = y\rself 9 an unus$ room4 7#ag7 ,a picnic4 7#ah7 ,a new society :i* has be5 />t$ 9 y\r s*ool4 7#ai7 ,y h y\r p>5ts' p]mission to und]take a walk+ trip or bicycl+ t\r ( sev]al days ?r\gh ! c\ntry4 ,write to a fri5d1 /at+ y\r plans & ask+ him to jo9 y4 7#bj7 ,a simil> lett] propos+ a week's camp+-out 9 ! woods4 ,note4--,a long] li/ ( subjects = fri5dly lett]s is n giv5 because almo/ any ( ! subjects = o!r =ms ( composition c be treat$ 9 a lett]4 ,moreov]1 x is highly desirable t pupils %\ld write lett]s to real p1--relatives1 fri5ds1 or pupils 9 o!r s*ools ) :om an ex*ange has be5 arrang$4 ,a real correspond5ce1 :]e ! pupil feels he is attempt+ to int]e/ & please an actual p]son1 ar\ses mu* m _s ?an purely imag9>y lett]s4 #dg4 ,lett]s ( ,social ,int]c\rse4--,9 =m1 lett]s ( social int]c\rse /& betwe5 ! purely fri5dly lett] & ! bus9ess lett]4 ,! address ( ! writ] & ! date ( ! lett] (t5 /& at ! foot ( ! lett]1 beg9n+ opposite ! signature 9 ! m in=mal notes1 z 9 ! foll[+ =m3-- ,,my ,,de> ,,mrs4 ,,blackm>1-- ----------------------------- ---------------------------------------- - ----------------------------- ,v s9c]ely y\rs1 ,,m>y ,,hold54 #bb ,,high ,,/reet1 ,,columbus1 ,o4 ,april #ab1 #aijf4 ,9 ! mo/ =mal lett] ( social int]c\rse1 ! address ( ! writ] & ! date /& at ! beg9n+1 & ! complete "n & address ( ! p]son address$ /& at ! foot1 ?us3-- #dbh ,,bolton ,,place1 ,,pittsburgh1 ,,pa41 ,septemb] #bf1 #aijf4 ,,my ,,de> ,,sir1-- ----------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- -- ----------------------------------- ,v s9c]ely y\rs1 ,,ri*>d ,,:ite4 ,,mr4 ,,elb]t ,,pet]s1 ,,ross ,,c5t]1 ,n4,y4 ,sometimes1 in/ead ( writ+ ,mr4 be=e a "n1 ,esq4 is writt5 aft] x1 b ! two are nev] us$ at ! same "t4 ,9 /yle1 ! lett] ( social int]c\rse %\ld be z graceful z x is possible to make x1 al?\gh x %\ld always be simple & n too long4 ,_m invitations & answ]s to !m h a =m fix$ by tradition 7see ,=mal ,invitations1 #dh71 b ! in=mal social lett] is almo/ entirely a matt] ( ta/e4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 a few c\rte\s phrases :i* are s mu* us$ z to be almo/ fix$ =ms4 ,su* are3 ,i hope t we may h ! pleasure ( y\r company1 ,i hope t y c be ) u1 ,i regret mo/ s9c]ely t x is impossible = me to accept y\r k9d invitation1 ,i %all be v happy to be ) y1 ,x is ) great pleasure t ,i accept y\r k9d invitation1 ,i regret t a previ\s engagem5t prev5ts me f accept+ y\r invitation1 etc4 ,! foll[+ is a typical in=mal invitation3-- ,,my ,,de> ,,mrs4 ,,wilson1-- ,my "m wi%es me to write y t we are plann+ to take a drive to ,*e/] on next ,tuesday1 & %\ld be v glad to h y ) u4 ,we are to leave at n9e o'clock1 s t we may be at ! ,*e/] ,hotel 9 "t = d9n]4 ,i hope t is n too e>ly an h\r = y1 & t we may h ! pleasure ( y\r company on t day4 ,v s9c]ely y\rs1 ,,m>g>et ,,hunt4 ,,hilltop ,,lodge1 ,,wis41 ,janu>y #ad1 #aijf4 ,ex]cise #gi4--,! foll[+ lett]s %\ld be writt5 on note pap] or on pap] rul$ to t size3-- #a4 ,write an acceptance to ! above invitation4 #b4 ,write a note to a fri5d ( y\r "m's1 say+ t y\r "m is slightly indispos$ & _c keep an engagem5t4 ,write a suitable answ]4 #c4 ,write a note to a fri5d ( y\r fa!r's1 ask+ him 9 y\r fa!r's "n to jo9 a fi%+ p>ty2 a :i/ club2 a hunt+ exp$ition2 to be "o ( a !at] p>ty4 #d4 ,write a note to a fri5d1 boy or girl1 ask+ him or h] to g to ! !at] ) y1 to come & sp5d ! day ) y1 to come to a p>ty y are giv+1 to att5d "s a?letic conte/ ) y1 to g = a day's tramp ) a p>ty ( fri5ds1 to play at a conc]t1 to take "p 9 a debate or ent]ta9m5t1 to l5d y a book1 to give y ! address ( a fri5d1 to jo9 ) y 9 =m+ a club among y\r fri5ds4 #e4 ,write a note to a fri5d1 ?ank+ him = hav+ help$ y 9 an ent]ta9m5t1 = hav+ l5t y a book1 = hav+ done a s]vice to a fri5d1 = any favor %[n y4 #f4 ,write a note to y\r tea*]1 expla9+ y\r abs5ce f s*ool1 ask+ h] to s5d ^w to y ab\t ! lessons done 9 y\r abs5ce2 ask+ h] to excuse y e>ly f s*ool1 giv+ "s specific reason2 ask+ h] = ! date ( ! fir/ day ( s*ool foll[+ a vacation2 ask+ if y may be a few days late 9 return+ to s*ool2 ask+ h] to be pres5t at a meet+ ( "o ( y\r societies2 invit+ h] to y\r h\se = d9n]4 #g4 ,write a note to ! pr9cipal ( y\r s*ool1 ask+ him to be pres5t at an ent]ta9m5t giv5 by y\r grade1 at a spell+ mat*1 at a debate1 or any special ev5t 9 y\r class room2 ask+ him to excuse y f draw+1 on acc\nt ( weak eyes1 or f any o!r /udy1 giv+ reasons2 ask+ him to give y a lett] ( introduction to ! pr9cipal ( ! new s*ool to :i* y are ab\t to g2 ask+ him to be a judge 9 "s conte/ 9 y\r class room2 ?ank+ him = hav+ act$ z judge4 #dh4 ,=mal ,invitations4--,^! are writt5 & answ]$ accord+ to c]ta9 fix$ =ms & 9 ! ?ird p]son4 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,h5ry ,mill] reque/ ! pleasure ( ,mr4 ,alb]t ,knight's company at d9n] on ,w$nesday ev5+1 ! t5? ( ,m>*1 at half pa/ sev5 o'clock4 #bba ,we/ ,long ,/reet1 ,friday morn+4 ,mr4 ,alb]t ,knight accepts ) pleasure ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,mill]'s k9d invitation to d9n] on ,w$nesday ev5+ at half pa/ sev5 o'clock4 #dd ,p>k ,place1 ,saturday morn+4 ,mrs4 ,william ,morris ,miss ,morris ,at ,home ,on ,w$nesday1 ,m>* t5?1 f f\r until six o'clock4 #bc ,grant ,av5ue4 ,extremely =mal invitations1 especially to public & semi-public functions1 are (t5 imp]sonal 9 =m1 z 9 ! foll[+3-- ,! ,annual ,conc]t ( ! ,elem5t>y ,s*ools ( ,/4 ,joseph1 ,mi*igan1 w be held 9 ! ,assembly ,room ( ! ,high ,s*ool1 ,tuesday ev5+1 ,may tw5tie?1 at eight o'clock4 ,y are cordially invit$ to be pres5t4 ,! ,presid5t & ,memb]s ( ! ,s*ool ,bo>d reque/ ! honor ( y\r company at ! =mal d$ication ( ! ,new ,high ,s*ool1 on ,w$nesday1 ,novemb] ?ird1 at half pa/ ?ree o'clock4 ,ex]cise #hj4--;,i4 ,/udy ^! =ms & copy !m accurately on note pap]4 ,write a =mal invitation f ,capta9 & ,mrs4 ,ar?ur ,elliott to ,mrs4 ,alice ,johnson = d9n]2 f ,mrs4 ,h5ry ,:ite to ,mr4 & ,miss ,kellogg = an ev5+ at home4 ,write acceptance & regret = ea*4 ,,ii4 #a4 ,prep>e a c>d = a semi-public reception giv5 by y\r s*ool1 by y\r *ur*1 by a club or society4 #b4 ,prep>e a c>d = a s*ool conc]t1 exhibition ( s*ool "w1 exhibition ( "w 9 ,physical ,culture2 = a play giv5 by ! s*ool ,dramatic ,society2 = a ,may ,fe/ival giv5 by ! ,eigh? ,grade2 = ! lay+ ( a corn] /one ( a new s*oolh\se1 ( a *ur*1 ( a public build+ ( any k9d4 #di4 ,telegrams4--,9 a telegram cle>ness is ! fir/ quality to be s\ght4 ,because ( ! co/ ( s5d+1 ! telegram is usually limit$ to t5 words1 exclud+ ! address & signature1 & ?is brevity r5d]s x difficult to /ate all t y wi% cle>ly1 & makes x an ex]cise 9 +5uity to cond5se ! in=mation y wi% to give )\t mak+ x h>d to und]/&4 ,= in/ance1 y wi% y\r bro!r1 :o is visit+ 9 ano!r t[n1 to meet y at a c]ta9 tra9 on ,monday & sp5d ! day hunt+ ) y1 if ! wea!r is good4 ,y w\ld ^w y\r telegram 9 "s su* way z ?is3-- ,septemb] #i1 #aijf4 ,,mr4 ,,pet] ,,:it+1 ,,danfield1 ,,md4 ,meet me eight ?irty1 ready = hunt+1 if wea!r favorable4 ,,john ,,:it+4 ,al?\gh y h us$ incomplete s5t5ces1 y h said en\gh s t y\r bro!r w und]/& :at y mean4 ,ex]cise #ha4--;,cond5se z mu* z possible & write z telegrams1 ?9k+ be=e y write :at are ! ess5tial p>ts ( ! message1 & leav+ out all else3-- #a4 ,"m has gone to sp5d ! day ) ,aunt ,m>y1 & wi%es y to call !re = h] 9 ! ev5+ & br+ h] home4 #b4 ,be=e y come home1 be sure to call on ! lady :o is to be tea*] ( ! sev5? grade "h next ye>4 ,%e lives on ,horn+ ,/reet4 #c4 ,we are all to be away f home on a picnic ! day y speak ( com+ to see u4 ,we %\ld l to h y jo9 u4 #d4 ,!re is to be a v int]e/+ ent]ta9m5t "h ! day ,i 0 to g home4 ,may ,i /ay ov] ano!r day to see x8 #e4 ,! riv] is too swoll5 = ! canoe trip we plann$ = ,saturday4 ,br+ y\r tools along :5 y come1 & we w try to make a raft4 #f4 ,h5ry has j pass$ 8 exam9ations = ,d>tm\? ,college4 ,he w /op 9 ,f>m+ton to see y1 on 8 way home1 ,tuesday4 #g4 ,c y\r basket-ball team put (f ! mat* we 7 to play on ,monday until ,w$nesday8 ,! field we hop$ to h is engag$ = ,monday4 #h4 ,w y\r debat+ society be will+ to meet ours1 on ! #bg? ( ?is mon?1 9 our class room8 #i4 ,we h j he>d ( ! burn+ ( y\r s*oolh\se & wi% to ext5d our sympa?y4 ,w y telegraph u if !re is any?+ we c d to help y8 #aj4 ,! h\r ( ! tra9 on :i* we 7 to leave has be5 *ang$1 & we %all n rea* home until six o'clock4 #aa4 ,on unpack+ my trunk ,i _c f9d my volume ( ,t5nyson's poems4 ,did y put x 9 ! trunk or 0 x left beh9d8 #ab4 ,i h spill$ ink on my be/ dress4 ,may ,aunt ,jane buy a new "o = me to we> at my c\s9's p>ty8 #ac4 ,we _c f9d ! key to ! back door4 ,if y took x ) y by mi/ake1 please return x to fa!r's bus9ess address4 #ad4 ,w ! sev5? grade ( y\r s*ool jo9 ours 9 a nature-/udy excursion to ! riv] next ,saturday8 #ae4 ,y\r "m is away f home on h] bir?day4 ,s5d h] an appropriate telegram ( congratulation & greet+4 #af4 ,y are to pass ?r\gh ! t[n :]e a fri5d lives & w h a half h\r wait at ! /ation4 ,telegraph him1 ask+ him to come !re to see y4 #ej4 ,bus9ess ,lett]s4--,9 a bus9ess lett] ! five ma9 p>ts are v full & complete4 ,! head+ conta9s1 z 9 o!r lett]s1 ! po/ (fice address ( ! writ] & ! date4 ,above ! salutation is writt5 ! full "n & address ( ! p]son to :om ! lett] is s5t4 ,!re are slightly v>i$ =ms = ! salutation3-- ,de> ,sir2 ,my de> ,sir2 ,de> ,sirs2 ,de> ,madam2 ,de> ,mesdames2 ,sir2 ,g5tlem52 ,madam2 ,mesdames4 ,! complim5t>y end+ is usually "o ( ! foll[+3-- ,truly y\rs2 ,v truly y\rs2 ,fai?fully y\rs2 ,respectfully y\rs4 ,sometimes1 9 lett]s slightly m =mal1 ^! end+s are writt5 ?us3-- ,i am1 ,v truly y\rs1 ,,&rew ,d4 ,,jordan4 ,i rema91 ,respectfully y\rs1 ,,&rew ,d4 ,,jordan4 ,"u ! signature ( ! writ] is frequ5tly put 8 title2 & if a cl]k has writt5 ! signature1 p] foll[$ by 8 initials is plac$ bel[4 ,v truly y\rs1 ,,&rew ,d4 ,,jordan1 ,secret>y4 ,truly y\rs1 ,,mat!w ,,b5nett1 p] ,d4 ,c4 ,! foll[+ is a correct & usual =m = a bus9ess lett]3-- #eja ,,s\? ,,l9coln ,,/reet1 ,,clevel&1 ,o4 ,septemb] #bj1 #aijf4 ,,messrs4 ,,*>les ,,wright ,,& ,,sons1 #db ,,hilton ,,/reet1 ,,norwood1 ,,pa4 ,,de> ,,sirs1-- ,please s5d me ! late/ catalogue ( y\r goods1 & /ate :e!r y pay co/ ( transportation = l>ge ord]s4 ,v truly y\rs1 ,,h5ry ,l4 ,,p]k9s4 ,ex]cise #hb4--,/udy ! =ms giv5 above1 & write ! beg9n+ & end ( ea* ( ! foll[+ lett]s3-- #a4 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,smi?1 #dd ,bolton ,place1 ,brooklyn1 ,n4,y41 writes on ,novemb] #aj1 #aijf1 to ,messrs4 ,john ,murray ,bro!rs1 #cb ,canal ,/reet1 ,new ,york4 #b4 ,miss ,hel5 ,re$1 ,pr9cipal ( ! ,woodlawn ,s*ool1 ,saylesville1 ,n4,j41 writes on ,octob] #aj1 #aijf1 to ,mr4 ,p]cy ,pa9t]1 #fjg ,we/ #ad? ,/reet1 ,tr5ton1 ,n4,j4 #c4 ,! ,l&sd[ne ,manufactur+ ,company1 #bda ,gre5wi* ,place1 ,san ,francisco1 writes on ,may #g1 #aijf1 to ! ,san ,francisco ag5t ( ! ,nor!rn ,pacific ,r4 ,r41 #bb ,newton ,/reet1 ,san ,francisco4 ,! writ+ ( bus9ess lett]s %\ld be tak5 up aft] ! ex]cise 9 writ+ telegrams1 = brevity is almo/ z ess5tial 9 ! "o z 9 ! o!r4 ,!re is1 ( c\rse1 no ne$ to write incomplete s5t5ces z 9 ! telegram1 b ! same g5]al process %\ld be foll[$2 t is1 to see :at are ! really important po9ts y wi% to /ate1 to express ^! ) unmi/akable cle>ness1 & to say no m4 ,x is prop] to add t a p]son ( education & cultivation is recogniz$ at once z su* by ! lett]s he writes4 ,ev5 9 a matt]-(-fact lett]1 too1 y may (t5 reveal1 )\t realiz+ x1 y\r c\rtesy & k9dl9ess z well z y\r intellig5ce4 ,we con/antly judge p by _! lett]s4 ,note4--,a good ex]cise is to h ! pupils assume *>act]s 9 ! bus9ess _w & answ] ea* o!r's lett]s4 ,an incomplete lett] c (t5 be detect$ ?us1 by be+ put to a practical te/4 ,d n beg9 to write y\r lett] until y h made a brief outl9e ( :at y wi% to say1 9 ! ord] 9 :i* x %\ld be said4 ,= in/ance1 y wi% to apply = ! position ( err& boy4 ,to write a complete lett]1 y ne$ "s su* outl9e z ! foll[+1 ev5 ?\gh x be only 9 y\r head & n writt5 d[n3-- ,give ! reason = apply+ = ! position by /at+ h[ y h he>d ( ! ne$ = err& boys 7?r\gh adv]tisem5t1 p]sonally1 etc472 /ate y\r own qualifications = ! "w z simply & pla9ly z possible1 m5tion+ y\r age1 education1 heal?1 exp]i5ce1 recomm5dations1 & any o!r facts t may be> on y\r capacity to give satisfaction2 & :5 y h giv5 ^! ess5tial po9ts1 close y\r lett]4 ,a lett] writt5 on su* l9es foll[s3-- #ee ,,h5ly ,,/reet1 ,,baltimore1 ,,md4 ,janu>y #ag1 #aijf4 ,,messrs4 ,,john ,,hampton ,,& ,,sons1 #bbe ,,fulton ,,/41 ,,new ,,york4 ,,de> ,,sirs1-- ,i h he>d ?r\gh y\r ag5t "h t y are look+ = boys z mess5g]s & err& boys4 ,my family is ab\t to move to ,new ,york & ,i wi% to make application = "o ( ^? positions ) y\r firm4 ,i am fifte5 ye>s old1 9 good heal?1 & h j graduat$ f ! public s*ools 9 ?is city4 ,= ! la/ ?ree summ]s ,i h act$ z err& boy = ! firm ( ,clancy ,bro!rs "h1 :i* "w ,i am told by y\r ag5t is simil> to :at y wi%4 ,i inclose lett]s ( recomm5dation f ! head ( t firm & f ! pr9cipal ( my s*ool4 ,hop+ to he> f y favorably1 ,v truly y\rs1 ,,pet] ,,mill]4 ,ex]cise #hc4--;,i4 ,write ! answ] to ! above4 ,,ii4 ,write1 9 ! same mann]1 lett] & answ]1 mak+ a %ort outl9e fir/ 9 ea* case3-- #a4 ,a lett] to a bicycle firm1 ask+ to be giv5 ! ag5cy = y\r t[n or locality4 ,/ate :y y ?9k _! bicycles w\ld sell well1 & :at y\r qualifications = ! position are4 #b4 ,lett] to a l>ge groc]y /ore1 (f]+ to sell !m homemade pres]ves1 nuts1 maple sug>1 c&y1 popcorn-balls1 or any?+ y c make or ga!r 9 ! c\ntry4 #c4 ,lett] to a flori/1 (f]+ to supply him ) autumn leaves1 f]ns1 c\ntry fl[]s ( any k9d1 moss1 bir*b>k1 etc4 #d4 ,lett] to a c\ntry newspap]1 (f]+ to write a weekly news lett]4 #e4 ,lett] to a c\ntry *ur*1 (f]+ to repeat = !m an ent]ta9m5t :i* has be5 successful 9 y\r own *ur* or s*ool ,note4--,make ! lett]s above complete 9 all details1 z to di/ance f ! city or c\ntry1 co/ ( transportation1 etc42 & 9 ! answ] give full t]ms & conditions4 #f4 ,lett] to a liv]y /able1 ask+ _! price = a sleigh ride = a p>ty ( twelve4 #g4 ,lett] to ! own] ( an a?letic field1 ask+ 8 price = ! use ( ! field e ,tuesday aft]noon dur+ ,april & ,may4 #h4 ,lett] to a firm ( deal]s 9 a?letic goods1 ask+ = a r$uc$ rate = an outfit = basket-ball1 baseball1 etc41 & giv+ reasons :y y ?9k y %\ld h a r$uction4 #i4 ,to a piano manufactur]1 ask+ l[e/ prices = a piano = ! s*ool & easie/ me?ods ( paym5t1 in/allm5ts1 etc4 ,expla9 t ! pupils are attempt+ to raise ! money by ent]ta9m5ts4 #aj4 ,to a bank1 inclos+ *eck & ask+ !m to deposit x to y\r bro!r's cr$it1 & to s5d ackn[l$gm5t to 8 address4 ,ex]cise #hd4--,write ! foll[+3 #a4 ,to a c>p5t]1 ask+ price ( %elf = y\r class room4 ,give all necess>y in=mation ab\t l5g?1 wid?1 etc4 #b4 ,to a dressmak]1 ask+ price = mak+ a dress4 ,give all p>ticul>s4 #c4 ,to a dep>tm5t /ore1 ask+ to op5 an acc\nt4 ,give ref]5ces4 #d4 ,to ! ,gas ,company1 say+ t y are ab\t to leave t[n = a mon? & wi% ! gas turn$ (f ! h\se dur+ t "t4 #e4 ,to a !at]1 ask+ :at r$uction w be made if a numb] ( pupils f y\r s*ool buy tickets toge!r4 #f4 ,to a railroad1 ask+ :at r$uction 9 price w be made = a s*ool excursion4 #g4 ,to a groc]1 milkman1 but*]1 mak+ arrangem5ts = daily deliv]y ( goods at y\r h\se4 #h4 ,to a cat]]1 ask+ prices = a l>ge reception4 #i4 ,to ! lead] ( a musical organization1 ask+ 8 prices = play+ at a s*ool ent]ta9m5t4 #aj4 ,to a p]son :o is to speak at y\r s*ool1 /at+ exactly :at ! occasion is1 :o w =m 8 audi5ce1 h[ long he is expect$ to speak1 etc4 #ea4 ,notices4--,9 old5 times1 :5 any "o wi%$ to ann\nce a meet+ or give "s in=mation ( common int]e/1 he hir$ ! t[n cri]4 ,?is 0 a man :o w5t ab\t ! t[n ) a horn or bell1 attract+ z _m p z possible to him1 & !n cry+ out 9 a l\d voice ! news he _h to tell4 ,! notice y put up on ! blackbo>d 9 y\r class room1 ! slip ( pap] y po/ on ! walls ( y\r s*oolh\se1 to ann\nce an ent]ta9m5t1 an exam9ation1 or a meet+ ( "o ( y\r clubs1 is ! mod]n t[n cri]4 ,! notices :i* y see 9 ! newspap]s1 tell+ p ! "t & date ( a public meet+1 or ann\nc+ *ur* s]vices1 also take ! place ( a t[n cri]4 ,!re is ?is diff]5ce4 ,if ! cri] =got to tell ! p li/5+ to him any important detail ( 8 news1 !y c\ld at once call out & ask him2 b if a notice is incomplete1 !re is no way = ! p int]e/$ to get ! in=mation ne$$4 ,if y w /udy notices ( v>i\s k9ds1 y w see t good ones1 t is1 notices :i* are brief1 cle>1 complete1 & n clumsy1 are n common2 &1 :5 y try to write !m1 y w probably f9d x m difficult ?an y ?\ght to be a good t[n cri]4 ,a meet+ = ! purpose ( =m+ a club = ! /udy ( birds w be held on ,?ursday aft]noon at half pa/ ?ree1 9 ! ,sev5? ,grade room4 ,any pupils 9 grades high] ?an ! ,f\r?1 :o are int]e/$ 9 bird /udy1 are eligible = memb]%ip1 & are cordially invit$ to att5d ! meet+4 ,if a suffici5t numb] appe> be=e f\r o'clock1 an exp$ition to ! ,wright ,woods w be made1 "u ! lead]%ip ( ! tea*]s ( ! ,sev5? ,grade4 ,9 /udy+ ?is notice y w see t a great deal is conta9$ 9 x4 ,place1 date1 h\r1 & purpose ( ! meet+ are conta9$ 9 ! fir/ s5t5ce4 ,9 ! next is def9itely /at$ ! condition = memb]%ip 9 ! club1 & 9 ! la/ is plac$ an inducem5t to make ! meet+ a l>ge "o4 ,ano!r example foll[s3-- ,a ,*ri/mas ent]ta9m5t w be giv5 by ! pupils ( ! ,eigh? ,grade on ,friday aft]noon at ?ree o'clock1 9 ! ,sev5? ,grade room4 ,a %ort play w be pres5t$1 & ! ,glee ,club ( ! s*ool w s+ twice4 ,admission1 t5 c5ts4 ,x is hop$ t !re w be a l>ge numb] pres5t1 z ! proce$s g to ! piano fund4 ,ex]cise #he4--a4 ,! ,bird ,club is =m$1 & y wi% to ann\nce a field exp$ition1 on a ,saturday1 :5 e "o is to br+ 8 lun*4 ,/ate place & "t & date ( meet+2 probable l5g? ( ! exp$ition2 co/1 if any2 special equipm5t1 su* z rubb]s2 & :at w be done 9 case ( bad wea!r4 #b4 ,write a notice = a regul> meet+ ( ! ,bird ,club1 giv+ topic to be discuss$4 #c4 ,y wi% to ann\nce a competition = a prize = ! be/ /ory ab\t a bird1 = ! be/ draw+ ( a bird1 = ! be/ plan ( "w = ! club1 = ! be/ description ( "o ( its excursions4 ,/ate conditions ( conte/1 "t :5 contributions mu/ be h&$ 91 maximum & m9imum l5g? ( article or size ( draw+1 :at ! prize is1 etc4 #d4 ,simil> notice = prize competition = be/ ,*ri/mas /ory1 ,f\r? ( ,july article1 ,?anksgiv+ poem1 etc42 = ! be/ amateur photograph ( ! s*ool1 = ! be/ draw+4 #e4 ,write notice = ! =mation ( a ,kodak ,club2 ( a football team2 ( a walk+ club2 ( a dramatic society2 ( a lit]>y society2 ( a glee club2 ( a g5]al a?letic association2 ( a s*ool libr>y2 ( a *ess club4 #f4 ,write notices = a regul> meet+ ( ^! societies4 ,9 writ+ notices = an address or ent]ta9m5t x is (t5 desirable to give a little space to a brief description or *>act]ization ( ! speak]1 z 9 ! foll[+3-- ,dr4 ,william ,t4 ,h>ris1 ! =m] ,national ,commission] ( ,education at ,wa%+ton1 w speak on ,education & ,philosophy at ! morn+ session on ,tuesday1 at half-pa/ n9e o'clock1 9 ! l>ge ,assembly ,hall4 ,dr4 ,h>ris is "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ ( liv+ educators4 ,a g5]al discussion w foll[ ! address4 ,ex]cise #hf4--,write a notice = an address by ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 by a s5ator1 by "o ( ! cl]gym5 ( y\r t[n1 by ! sup]9t5d5t ( city s*ools1 by ! mayor ( y\r t[n1 by any public p]son :om y w\ld l to he>4 ,ex]cise #hg4--a4 ,write a notice ( a spell+ mat* betwe5 two grades 9 y\r s*ool1 ( an a?letic conte/ ( any k9d1 ( a conc]t1 ( a play1 ( a s*ool exp$ition to visit an hi/orical monum5t1 ( ! dates ( a holiday1 ( a picnic1 ( a celebration ( ,wa%+ton's bir?day1 ( a debate1 ( a celebration ( ,hall[e'en4 #b4 ,write a notice /at+ t ! skat+ is good on a pond ne> ! s*ool2 t ! pond is decl>$ unsafe2 t pupils are ask$ n to pass ne> a build+ t is be+ erect$ on ! same /reet z ! s*ool on acc\nt ( dang] f fall+ timb]2 t pupils are reque/$ to be v quiet 9 pass+ a h\se :]e "s "o lies s]i\sly ill2 t ! city or village au?orities h =bidd5 coa/+ d[n a c]ta9 /reet2 t baseball is all[$ on c]ta9 days 9 ! p>k2 t bonfires w be all[$ 9 ! /reets 9 honor ( "s celebration2 t ! pupils ( y\r s*ool are expect$ to take "p 9 ! p>ade on ,decoration ,day1 9 any t[n celebration2 t song birds are n to be kill$2 t a bridge ne> ! s*ool is unsafe2 t all pupils mu/ be vacc9at$ be=e a c]ta9 date4 #eb4 ,appeals4--,:5 brief1 ^! are 9 ! nature ( notices2 :5 long]1 !y are l op5 lett]s4 ,!y aim to move p to take action b5efit+ "s good cause1 & %\ld be z brief z is possible :ile giv+ a suffici5tly full explanation ( ! necessity = action4 ,always /ate pla9ly & def9itely h[ ! action desir$ may be tak51 to :om contributions may be s5t1 etc4 ,! foll[+ is an example ( a brief appeal4 ,l any su* communication1 x may be l5g!n$ z mu* z is desirable1 by dwell+ on ! good t a libr>y w\ld d "u ! conditions m5tion$1 by cit+ examples ( successful s*ool libr>ies else:]e1 etc4 ,su* expansion is only necess>y :5 ! p to :om y make y\r appeal "k little or no?+ ( ! matt]4 ,! public s*ool :i* has j be5 complet$ ne> ! iron f\ndries has no libr>y ( its own & !re is no public libr>y ne> x4 ,good read+ matt] is mu* ne$$ !re1 & ! pupils ( o!r public s*ools 9 ! city are e>ne/ly reque/$ to contribute books & magaz9es t[>d ! =mation ( a s*ool libr>y4 ,any?+ 9 ! way ( int]e/+ read+ w be welcom$1 9 ,g]man z well z ,engli%1 = !re are a great _m ,g]mans among ! pupils4 ,old magaz9es & old books w be ( z mu* value 9 ! beg9n+ z new ones4 ,contributions may be left 9 ! (fice ( ! pr9cipal ( any public s*ool4 ,ex]cise #hh4--,write an appeal3 7#a7 = old magaz9es to s5d to hospitals2 7#b7 = pictures = y\r class room or = ^? ( ano!r s*ool2 7#c7 = books = y\r own libr>y 9 y\r grade room2 7#d7 = money = ! fre%-air fund2 7#e7 = pupils to jo9 ! ,society = ! ,prev5tion ( ,cruelty to ,animals2 7#f7 = volunte]s to aid 9 a b5efit ent]ta9m5t ( "s sort1 drill1 play1 fair1 etc42 7#g7 = old clo!s & %oes = ! v poor ( ! city :o are suff]+ f ! cold2 7#h7 = examples ( map mak+1 p5man%ip1 draw+1 or "s o!r s*ool "w to s5d away z models to a new s*ool2 7#i7 = pupils to h& 9 m mat]ial = ! s*ool pap]4 #ec4 ,petitions4--,a petition is a =m ( op5 lett]1 ask+ a favor1 & address$ by a numb] ( p to an au?ority :o c grant ! reque/4 ,!re is a =m fix$ by tradition = ! op5+ ( a petition1 b ! cont5t is v>i$ accord+ to ! conditions1 & ! word+ ( a petition ne$s ! greate/ c>e4 ,z 9 any lit]>y ex]cise1 ! fir/ ?\ght %\ld be ( ! ess5tial po9ts y wi% to cov]1 & a brief outl9e %\ld be made1 compris+ an exact /atem5t ( ! concession y wi% grant$ & ! be/ reasons y c give = ! grant+ ( x4 ,to ! ,mayor & ,common ,c\ncil ( ! city ( ,wakefield1 ,indiana1 we1 ! und]sign$1 memb]s ( ! ,eigh? ,grade ( ,public ,s*ool ,no4 #ab1 respectfully petition t ! we/ end ( ,elliott ,p>k1 above ! driveway1 be set ap>t = a s*ool picnic on ! aft]noon ( ,tuesday1 ,may ! f\rte5?1 betwe5 two & six o'clock4 ,!re is no o!r place suitable = a picnic )9 walk+ di/ance ( ! s*ool & all ! memb]s ( ! ,eigh? are n able to pay c>f>e4 ,if our petition is grant$1 we gu>antee t no damage w be done to ! trees or %rubs1 t ! p>k w be vacat$ promptly at six o'clock1 & left 9 good condition4 ,ex]cise #hi4--a4 ,write a petition to ! au?orities ( y\r city or t[n1 ask+ = p]mission to use a c]ta9 /reet = coa/+1 = %9ney1 = baseball1 etc4 #b4 ,write a petition to ! pr9cipal ( y\r s*ool1 ask+ t a new /udy may be introduc$ into ! s*ool curriculum2 t ! weekly holiday be on ano!r day2 t s*ool op5 lat] & close lat]1 or vice v]sa2 t puni%m5t by /ay+ aft] s*ool be aboli%$2 t ! h\rs ( s*ools be %ort] & m "w be done at home2 t s*ool be clos$ an h\r e>li] 9 ord] t ! pupils may be pres5t at a meet+ or celebration ( "s k9d2 t y\r grade be all[$ to use ! assembly room = a debate2 t y be p]mitt$ to flood a "p ( ! playgr\nd to make a skat+ pond2 t "o ( y\r /udies be omitt$ f ! c\rse ( /udy2 t pupils be n m>k$ t>dy until t5 m9utes aft] ! op5+ ( s*ool4 #ed4 ,adv]tisem5ts4--,! adv]tisem5t is an outgr[? ( ! notice1 & 9 its simple/ =m is /ill a notice1 z :5 ! exp5se ( pr9t+ causes ! adv]tisem5t to be z brief z possible4 ,x is !n writt5 on ! same pr9ciple z ! telegram1 t is1 us+ ! fewe/ words possible to express cle>ly a giv5 am\nt ( in=mation4 ,ex]cise #ij4--,write1 aft] /udy+ simil> adv]tisem5ts 9 ! newspap]s1 adv]tisem5ts = help ( all k9ds1--janitor1 sew+ girls1 err& boys1 maids1 nurses1 coa*m51 f>m h&s1 apple-pick]s1 telephone girls1 /5ograph]s1 etc4 ,also adv]tisem5ts = r5t$ furni%$ rooms1 = h\ses to r5t1 etc41 giv+ all ess5tial details 9 z few words z possible4 ,! above are virtually notices )\t hav+ ! real *>act]i/ic ( ! adv]tisem5t1 :i* diff]s f ! notice 9 t x n only gives in=mation b seeks to d ?is 9 s attractive & pleas+ a mann] t p w be induc$ to buy ! w>es (f]$4 ,ex]cise #ia4--;,z a class ex]cise1 take any "o ( ! foll[+ topics1 limit ! numb] ( words us$ to two or ?ree hundr$1 & see :o c write ! mo/ practical & attractive adv]tisem5t4 ,y\r aim is to /ate z =cibly z possible all ! favorable aspects ( y\r topic1 s t !y w appeal mo/ surely to ! p y wi% to rea*4 ,/udy ! adv]tisem5ts y l be/ & see _! me?od4 ,note t y are attract$ by ^? t seem hone/ & mod]ate1 & t y are repell$ by extravagant ov]/atem5ts4 #a4 ,write an adv]tisem5t = an amusem5t p>k :i* has be5 op5$ ne> y\r t[n4 #b4 ,= a c\ntry s*ool = boys2 = girls4 #c4 ,= a city s*ool = boys2 = girls4 #d4 ,= an excursion on a railroad or on a l9e ( /eam]s4 #e4 ,= a summ] resort 9 ! ,nor?2 = a w9t] resort 9 ! ,s\?4 #f4 ,= a sanatorium 9 y\r t[n2 = a skat+ r9k2 = a new hotel4 #g4 ,= an academy mak+ a specialty ( nature /udy2 ( mod]n languages2 ( a?letics4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,n>ration #ee4 ,! ,ess5tials ( a ,good ,n>rative4--,9 a di>y y set d[n ?+s t happ51 = y\r own in=mation4 ,9 lett]s y try to report ev5ts s t !y w be und]/ood by ! p]son to :om y are writ+ &1 m ?an ?is1 s t !y w be int]e/+4 ,9 a good n>ration y write an acc\nt ( a s]ies ( connect$ ev5ts1 s t x c be und]/ood by any "o at all1 & w int]e/ & please ! great] numb] ( y\r read]s4 ,x is ( c\rse mu* h>d] to address an audi5ce :om y d n "k ?an to try to int]e/ p ) ^: peculi>ities y are well acqua9t$2 b1 aft] all1 p are v mu* ! same 9 g5]al likes & dislikes1 & !re are sev]al broad1 simple rules = con/ruct+ n>rations1 or /ories1 :i* apply to all read]s4 ,! fir/ ?+ t ev]ybody wi%es to h 9 a /ory is p]fect cle>ness & good ord]4 ,a /ory is a report ( ?+s z !y happ5$1 & e "o wi%es to le>n ! ma9 ev5ts 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y actually occurr$4 ,y h probably be5 annoy$ by "s "o1 :o1 9 tell+ y a /ory1 left out c]ta9 important /eps1 s t y c\ld h>dly und]/& h[ ?+s came to happ5 z he relat$4 ,notice1 = example1 :at has be5 left out 9 ! foll[+ p>agraph3-- ,z ! soldi]s 7 cross+ ! bridge1 !y notic$ a man runn+ d[n f a hill %\t+ to !m & wav+ 8 arms4 ,!y c\ld n he> :at he 0 say+1 because a /rong w9d 0 bl[+ away f !m4 ,z !y 7 /ruggl+ 9 ! wat]1 "o soldi] notic$ a l>ge tree trunk float+ d[n t[>d !m & call$ to 8 fell[s to try & save !mselves by hold+ on to t4 ,( c\rse1 s great an omission is r>e2 b 9 writ+ ( "o ev5t foll[+ ano!r1 y mu/ take c>e t y\r read] is nev] =c$ to /op & ask "s su* "q z1 ,b y hav5't told me h[ ! soldi]s came to be 9 ! wat]1 z he w\ld on read+ ! p>agraph above4 ,a well-told fable is (t5 a model = cle> & connect$ simple n>ration4 ,a cr[ sat on a tree1 hold+ 9 8 beak a l>ge lump ( *eese4 ,a wily fox1 attract$ by ! delici\s smell1 came to ! foot ( ! tree & said to ! cr[1 ,h[ spl5did y look up !re1 ) y\r f9e black fea!rs gli/5+ 9 ! sun6 ,i wi% ,i _h fea!rs in/ead ( fur4 ,x is really n fair t y %\ld h all ! gifts1 beauty & skill1 & p]haps ev5 tal5t4 ,d y s+ z wond]fully z y fly8 ,! cr[ 0 s pleas$ by ?is t he op5$ 8 beak wide to %[ (f 8 voice4 ,! *eese fell to ! gr\nd2 ! fox snapp$ x up & ate x1 say+1 ,i nev] ta/$ su* a delici\s morsel6 ,he !n ran (f1 laugh+ at ! cr['s vanity & call+ ov] 8 %\ld]1 ,le>n f ?is t a flatt]] lives at ! exp5se ( ^? :o li/5 to him4 ,ex]cise #ib4--,write simply & briefly "s ( ! foll[+ fables1 us+ z model ! fable j giv54 ,try to keep cle> 9 y\r m9d ! exact ord] ( ev5ts by imag9+ ! :ole /ory f beg9n+ to end4 ,!re are 9 mo/ ( ^! subjects ?ree or f\r sep>ate little sc5es1 :i* y %\ld try to br+ visibly be=e y\r m9d4 ,x is a good plan to h an outl9e ( ! sequ5ce ( ev5ts1 ei!r writt5 or 9 y\r head1 & !n develop ea* sc5e cle>ly & make x lifelike by conv]sation su* z w\ld naturally be us$4 ,! foll[+ is su* an outl9e1 by p>agraphs1 ( a well-kn[n fable3-- ,i4 ,! old man has _m sons :o di/urb him by qu>rel+ among !mselves4 ,,ii4 ,on 8 dea? b$ he calls !m ab\t him & gives !m "s small /icks1 ask+ !m if !y c break !m4 ,! sons readily break !m4 ,,iii4 ,! old man ties !m toge!r tightly & asks 8 sons aga9 to break !m4 ,,iv4 ,!y all try 9 e possible way1 b _c4 ,v4 ,! old man says t if !y w agree among !mselves1 !y w be l ! /icks b\nd toge!r2 b if !y sep>ate 9 qu>rels1 any "o c injure !m4 #a4 ,an ass lad5 ) salt falls d[n 9 a /ream2 be=e he c rise ! salt is dissolv$ away & 8 load is mu* light]4 ,! next "t he crosses ! /ream he /umbles purposely & falls1 b ?is "t he is lad5 ) sponges4 #b4 ,two ?ieves :o _h /ol5 a horse fall to qu>rel+ ov] :o %all h ! animal4 ,:ile !y are roll+ 9 ! du/ fight+1 a ?ird ?ief comes along1 jumps on ! horse1 & makes (f ) x4 #c4 ,an oak speaks contemptu\sly to a re$ ( its small size & yield+ weakness1 & boa/s ( its own /r5g? & firmness4 ,aft] a t]rible /orm ! oak is bl[n d[n & ! re$ /raight5s itself unhurt4 #d4 ,a bat is caught by a weasel1 :o is ab\t to dev\r x because x is s mu* l a m\se4 ,! bat says1 ,i am n a m\se--y are mi/ak5--,i am a bird4 ,see my w+s4 ,lat] ! bat is caught aga9 by a boy :o wants to put x 9 a bird cage4 ,i am no bird--see my m\se's body4 ,?us ! bat twice saves its life4 #e4 ,a cat 0 *ang$ by magic to a woman4 ,all w5t well until %e saw a m\se run across ! floor1 :5 %e ran aft] x & caught x4 #f4 ,a wolf 9 eat+ rapidly _h swall[$ a bone1 :i* /uck 9 8 ?roat4 ,he w5t to ! /ork1 :o pull$ x out ) h] beak1 & !n ask$ = pay = ! s]vice4 ,! wolf said ! /ork c\ld consid] h]self lucky t %e _h n _h h] head bitt5 (f4 #g4 ,a weasel slipp$ into a b>n ?r\gh a small hole4 ,!re he ate s mu* gra9 t he 0 too fat to g out at ! same hole1 & 0 caught by ! f>m]4 #h4 ,! ass1 see+ h[ mu* pett+ a little dog gets1 tries to imitate its ways1 prances ab\t1 & attempts to lie d[n at ! feet ( 8 mi/ress4 ,he is driv5 back to ! /able4 #i4 ,a %eep1 go+ away = ! day1 cautions h] little lambs n to op5 ! door to any "o1 except to h]1 & %e w say ,m>iati1 s t !y w recognize h]4 ,a wolf1 hidd5 ne>1 ov]he>s ! password1 knocks on ! door1 & gives ! "r ^w2 b ! lambs1 to be d\bly sure1 ask to see :at color feet he has4 ,!y are black & betray him1 s t ! door is n op5$4 #ef4 ,autobiography4--,!re is "o =m ( n>ration :]e x is almo/ impossible to get ! ev5ts ( y\r /ory 9 ! wrong ord]1 & t is autobiography1 = 9 ?is y are tell+ ! facts ( y\r own life z !y occurr$1 f mon? to mon? or ye> to ye>4 ,9 ?is =m1 z 9 n>ration1 h[ev]1 !re is an important pr9ciple to be> 9 m9d4 ,y\r mat]ial mu/ be well *os52 t is1 y mu/ select only ! important ev5ts 9 y\r life4 ,trivial & un9t]e/+ details mu/ be left out4 ,to d ?is y mu/ use y\r judgm5t1 & try to put y\rself 9 ! place ( y\r read]1 & ?9k :at he w\ld l to "k4 7,if y\r great-gr&fa!r _h writt5 8 autobiography :5 he 0 y\r age1 :at w\ld y h lik$ to "k ( 8 life8 ,if ,pocohontas _h writt5 h] autobiography1 :at w\ld mo/ int]e/ y87 ,ex]cise #ic4--;,i4 ,write y\r own autobiography up to ! pres5t date1 & !n cont9ue 9 ! same /yle1 tell+ ! /ory ( y\r life z y w\ld l be/ to h x4 ,,ii4 ,write an imag9>y autobiography (3-- #a4 ,! />*-box aft] x 0 empty2 a boy made a doll's wagon ( x = 8 little si/]4 ,=gott5 9 ! /reet1 x 0 pick$ up by two poor *ildr51 & tak5 home1 :]e an invalid bro!r made x into a w9d[ box = fl[]s4 #b4 ,a gold doll>4 ,/amp$ 9 ! m9t1 s5t to ! bank1 giv5 to a *ild = a bir?day pres5t1 s5t by h] to ! mission>ies 9 ,africa1 lo/ !re1 & hung ar\nd ! neck ( a little black *ild4 #c4 ,a drop ( ra9--all its life f ! cl\d to ! e>?1 to ! brook1 to ! riv]1 to ! sea1 back to ! cl\d aga94 #d4 ,a knife4 ,made by ,indian hunt]s1 b\ght by :ite trapp]s1 us$ on ! pla9s1 slipp$ into a package ( furs s5t to ,p>is to be made up into coats1 & !n us$ z a pap]-cutt]4 #e4 ,simil>ly1 inv5t /ories = a h&k]*ief1 a diamond1 a doll1 a knapsack1 a book1 a /reet c>1 a lamp1 a sword1 a tea kettle1 a wagon1 an old h\se1 a doll> bill1 a p5cil1 a mirror1 an old apple tree1 a ?imble1 a high tortoise-%ell comb1 a saddle1 a suit ( armor1 a *air4 ,,iii4 ,write autobiographies ( a cat1 a dog1 a horse1 an elephant1 a pol> be>1 a fox1 a rabbit1 a can>y bird1 a h51 a tra9$ pig1 a poodle1 a m\se1 a wood*uck1 a squirrel4 ,,iv4 ,write ! acc\nt ( ! c\rse ( a riv] z told by itself1 f ! "t x rises f a spr+ till x fl[s into ! ocean4 ,v4 ,write ! autobiography ( any /atue t y "k1 f ! block ( m>ble to its pres5t place4 #eg4 ,biography4--,9 writ+ a biography x is n en\gh to select y\r facts ) good judgm5t1 & to arrange !m 9 ! ord] ( _! occurr5ce4 ,a /ill m c>eful arrangem5t is ne$$1 & ?is is usually provid$ = by gr\p+ ! facts ( a life into sev]al ma9 divisions4 ,= in/ance1 9 writ+ y\r "m's biography1 y might make "s su* g5]al division or outl9e z ! foll[+3-- ,i4 ,*ildhood 9 ,new ,engl&--village s*ool2 on a f>m4 ,,ii4 ,bo>d+-s*ool life4 ,/udies--beg9n+ ( int]e/ 9 hi/ory4 ,visits to s*ool fri5ds 9 ! vacation4 ,! old home is de/roy$ by fire4 ,,iii4 ,life 9 ,new ,york1 z tea*] ( hi/ory 9 a private s*ool4 ,summ] abroad ) sev]al ( ! pupils4 ,,iv4 ,e>ly m>ri$ life 9 ,new ,york2 bo>d+-h\se1 lat] a small ap>tm5t4 ,v4 ,removal to suburban t[n4 ,*ildr5 ( ! family4 ,g5]al "* ( family life4 ,"u ^! v>i\s head+s y c gr\p all ! /ories y c induce y\r "m to tell y ( h] pa/ life4 ,)\t su* broad divisions into p]iods x is impossible to write all ! v>i$ facts ( a biography 9 su* a mann] t y\r read] gets a cle> & connect$ idea ( ! c\rse ( ev5ts4 ,ex]cise #id4--;,gr\p into natural divisions ! foll[+ facts3-- ,h5ry ,all5 0 m>ri$ 9 #ahge4 ,8 fa!r 0 a lumb] m]*ant4 ,:5 he retir$ f bus9ess1 he wrote an acc\nt ( 8 life4 ,z a boy he 0 fond ( out-(-door life4 ,he _h ?ree *ildr54 ,:5 he 0 a "y man1 he 0 s5t up into ,canada to look aft] "s timb] l&s ( 8 fa!r's4 ,he /ay$ !re 9 ! woods ) ! ,indians = two ye>s4 ,he 0 born 9 #ahdj4 ,he liv$ 9 ,portl&1 ,ma9e1 until he 0 sixte54 ,:5 8 fa!r di$ 9 #ahfg1 he c>ri$ on ! lumb] bus9ess4 ,he w5t two ye>s to ,b[do9 ,college4 ,he 0 once mayor ( ,h>t=d4 ,he liv$ 9 ,bo/on f #ahef to #ahge4 ,he di$ 9 #aijj 9 ,h>t=d4 ,he br\ght up 8 *ildr5 to "k ! woods & fields bett] ?an s*ools4 ,he 0 "o ( ! fir/ p to advocate nature /udy4 ,he 0 a v successful bus9ess man4 ,he f\nd$ a s*ool ( =e/ry4 ,he m>ri$ a ,canadian girl :om he met on a second visit to ! =e/ 9 #ahgj4 ,ex]cise #ie4--;,f9d out all y c ab\t ! life ( any old] memb] ( y\r family4 ,see if y c pick out ! natural divisions into :i* ^! facts fall1 & write a brief biography4 ,d n divide 9 a conv5tional way1 z into *ildhood1 y\?1 maturity1 & old age1 b try to select p]iods :i* are sep>at$ f ea* o!r by "s feature peculi> to ! individual life y are relat+4 ,sometimes divisions are naturally made by *ange 9 resid5ce1 sometimes by *ange 9 occupation1 & sometimes simply by ! g5]al "* ( a life betwe5 c]ta9 dates4 ,y\r own judgm5t mu/ tell y h[ be/ to arrange ! facts ( ! /ory y wi% to tell4 ,ex]cise #if4--;,i4 ,write 9 ! same way1 ! biography 7#a7 ( ! mayor ( y\r own t[n1 7#b7 ( ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 7#c7 ( a s*oolmate 7cont9u+ ?is 9 an imag9>y acc\nt ( :at y fancy 8 life may be71 7#d7 ( y\r cook1 7#e7 ( y\r m9i/]1 or ( any p]son :om y "k well en\gh to ask ! facts ( 8 life1 or ab\t :om y c le>n ?r\gh o!r p4 ,,ii4 ,see h[ complete a biography y c write ( ei!r y\r gr&fa!r or gr&mo!r1 or ( any ( y\r ance/ors ab\t :om y h he>d /ories1 or ( any ( ! e>ly settl]s ( y\r t[n4 ,,iii4 ,!n1 us+ ! same me?od ( collect+ y\r facts fir/1 & arrang+ ^? t naturally fall toge!r 9 ?ree or f\r gr\ps1 write ! /ory ( ! life ( 7#a7 ,joan ( ,arc1 7#b7 ,julius ,cs>1 7#c7 ,hannibal1 7#d7 ,alfr$ ! ,great1 7#e7 ,wa%+ton1 7#f7 ,lee1 7#g7 ,l9coln1 7#h7 ,?orwalds51 7#i7 ,giotto1 7#aj7 ,*ri/oph] ,columbus1 7#aa7 ,pocahontas1 7#ab7 ,:itti]1 7#ac7 ,longfell[1 7#ad7 ,miles ,/&i%4 #eh4 ,hi/ory4--,read ! foll[+ acc\nt ( h[ ! ,pilgrims came to ,plym\?3-- ,= ne>ly twelve ye>s brave little ,holl& _h giv5 %elt] to ! true m5 & wom5 :o1 9 #afjg-afjh1 7 driv5 out ( ,engl& by p]secution ( ! bi%ops because !y w\ld wor%ip ,god 9 _! own way4 ,aft] _m trials & dang]s !y came toge!r at ,am/]dam 9 #afjh1 & =m$ a little ,indep5d5t *ur*1 ) ,ri*>d ,clifton1 _! old pa/or among ! ,nott+ham hills1 = _! m9i/]1 & ,john ,rob9son1 _! tea*]1 z 8 assi/ant4 ,gov]nor ,brad=d tells u1 9 8 ,hi/orie1 t :5 !y _h liv$ at ,am/]dam ab\t a ye> !y remov$ to ,leyd51 a fair & beautiful city & ( a sweet situation1 on ! ,old ,rh9e4 ,clifton 0 gr[+ old & did n g ) !m1 & ,rob9son became _! pa/or4 ,= elev5 ye>s--ne>ly ! :ole "t ( ! fam\s truce :i* came betwe5 ! bloody w>s ( ,holl& & ,spa9--!y liv$ "h1 m>ri$1 *ildr5 7 born to !m1 & "h "s ( !m di$4 ,mo/ ( !m _h be5 f>m]s 9 ,engl&1 b "h !y fell to su* trades imploym5ts z !y be/ c\ld1 valew+ peace _! spirituall com=te above any o!r ri*es :atsoev]1 & at l5g? !y came to raise a compet5te & com=table liv+1 b ) h>d & cont9uall labor4 ,b ab\t #afag ^! good1 brave p ( ,pa/or ,rob9son's flock became v anxi\s z to _! circum/ances & future1--especially = _! *ildr51--& at l5g? came sadly to realize t !y mu/ aga9 seek a new home4 ,_! numb]s _h be5 mu* increas$2 !y c\ld n hope to "w s h>d z !y grew old]1 :ile w> ) ! ,spani>d 0 com+1 & w\ld surely make matt]s h>d] = !m4 ,b ! *ief reasons :i* made !m anxi\s to f9d ano!r & bett] home 7 ! h>d%ips :i* _! *ildr5 _h to be> & ! temptations to :i* !y 7 expos$4 ,besides ?is1 !y 7 patriotic & full ( love ( _! ,god1 _! simple wor%ip1 & _! religi\s lib]ty4 ,z ,engli%m51 ?\gh _! k+ & 8 bi%ops _h treat$ !m cruelly1 !y /ill lov$ ! laws1 cu/oms1 spee*1 & flag ( _! native l&4 ,z !y c\ld n enjoy ^! 9 _! own c\ntry1 or long] endure _! h>d conditions 9 ,holl&1 !y det]m9$ to f9d a home--ev5 ?\gh 9 a wild c\ntry beyond ! wild ocean--:]e !y might wor%ip ,god z !y *ose1 plant religion1 live z ,engli%m51 & reap a fair rew>d = _! labors4 ,x 0 v h>d to decide :]e to g1 b at la/ !y made up _! m9ds 9 favor ( ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,virg9ia 9 ! ,new ,_w1 across ! ,atlantic4 ,!y f\nd fri5ds to help !m bo? 9 ,engl& & 9 ,holl&1 & !y help$ !mselves2 b ev5 !n1 ow+ to enemies1 false fri5ds1 & _m difficulties1 x 0 f> f easy to get away1 & !y _h sore trials & disappo9tm5ts4 ,& n[ ! y\ng] & /rong] "p ( ,pa/or ,rob9son's flock1 ) ,capta9 ,miles ,/&i% & 8 wife ,rose & a few o!rs1 7 to g f ,leyd51 9 *>ge ( ,eld] ,brew/] & ,deacon ,c>v]1 & "s 7 to jo9 !m 9 ,engl&1 leav+ ! pa/or & ! re/ to come aft]w>d4 ,x 0 a busy "t 9 ! ,klock ,/eeg1 or ,bell ,alley1 :]e mo/ ( ! ,pilgrims liv$1 all ! spr+ & e>ly summ] ( #afbj1 :5 !y 7 gett+ ready = ,am]ica4 ,deacon ,c>v] & ,rob]t ,cu%man1 two ( _! *ief m51 7 9 ,engl&1 fitt+ out a hir$ %ip--! ,mayfl[]4 ,b ! ,leyd5 lead]s _h b\ght 9 ,holl& a small] %ip1 ! ,spe$well1 & 7 refitt+ h] = ! voyage1 an ,engli% pilot1 or %ip's mate 7,ma/] ,reynolds71 hav+ come ov] to take *>ge4 7,brad=d spells ! ^w pilott4 ,he 0 9 reality a mate1 or ma/]'s mate1 z ,brad=d also calls him--! executive navigat+ (fic] next 9 rank to ! ma/]4 ,! t]m pilott _h n to ! same ext5t ! mean+ x has n[ ( an exp]t guide into h>bors & along coa/s4 ,x meant1 r1 a deck or wat* (fic]1 capable ( /e]+ & navigat+ a %ip4 ,he 0 on bo>d ! ,mayfl[] practically :at ! mate ( a sail+ %ip w\ld be to-day47 ,?irty-six m51 fifte5 wom51 sixte5 boys1 f\r girls1 & a baby boy--sev5ty-two1 9 all1 besides sailors--made up ! ,leyd5 "p ( ! ,pilgrim company4 ,( ^! six w5t no f>!r ?an ,plym\?1 ,old ,engl&1 ?\gh ?ree ( !m aft]w>d jo9$ ! o!rs 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,( ! fifte5 wom51 f\rte5 7 wives ( coloni/s & "o 0 a lady's-maid4 ,! ?irty-six m5 ( ,leyd5 includ$ all :o became ,pilgrim lead]s1 except ?ree4 ,at la/ !y 7 (f1 & on ,friday1 ,july #ba 7#ca71a !y said good-by to ! gr& old city t _h be5 s long _! home4 ,go+ abo>d ! canal boats ne> ! pa/or's h\se1 !y float$ d[n to ,delf%av51 :]e _! own little vessel1 ! ,spe$well1 lay wait+ = !m4 ,at ,delf%av5 !y made _! la/ sad p>t+s f _! fri5ds1 & ,saturday1 ,july #bb 7or ,augu/ #a1 z we %\ld call x71 hoi/$ ! flag ( _! native l&1 sail$ d[n ! riv] ,maas1 & ,sunday morn+ 7 out ^u ! ,g]man ,ocean1 "u way1 ) a fair w9d1 = ! ,engli% port ( ,s\?ampton1 :]e !y 7 to jo9 ! o!r coloni/s4 #a ow+ to a diff]5ce 9 ! me?ods ( reckon+ "t us$ by engl& & o!r nations betwe5 ! ye>s #aehb & #ageb1--:5 all became practically alike1--x 0 common to make use ( d\ble-dat+4 9 s do+1 ! t]ms1 old /yle & new /yle 7 us$1 & to make ! dates ( ! =m] & ! latt] correspond1 t5 days are add$ to all dates ( ! p]iod betwe5 #aehb & #agjj4 decemb] #aa1 #afbj1 old /yle1 w\ld be1 9 our pres5t reckon+1 decemb] #ba1 #afbj 7=efa!rs' day74 ,= ?ree f9e days !y sail$ d[n ! ,nor? ,sea1 ?r\gh ,dov] ,/raits1 into ! ,engli% ,*annel1 & ! f\r? morn+ f\nd !m an*or$ 9 ,s\?ampton port4 ,"h !y f\nd ! ,mayfl[] f ,london ly+ at an*or1 ) "s ( _! own p--! ,cu%mans & ,deacon ,c>v]--& "s =ty o!r ,pilgrim coloni/s1 :o 7 go+ ) !m4 ,among ^! our ,leyd5 "y p 7 no d\bt v glad to f9d eight m boys & six girls ( all ages1 two ( !m be+ ,h5ry ,sampson & ,humility ,coop]1 little c\s9s ( _! own ,edw>d ,tilley1 :o 0 to take !m ) him4 ,= t5 days ! two %ips lay 9 ?is port4 ,try+ days = ! eld]s inde$ !y 74 ,mr4 ,we/on1 _! =m] fri5d 7:o _h arrang$ ) ! m]*ants to help !m1 b 0 n[ turn$ traitor71 came to see !m1 0 v h>%1 & w5t away angry4 ,! pass5g]s & c>goes _h to be divid$ anew betwe5 ! %ips1 ?irty p]sons go+ to ! ,spe$well & n9ety to ! ,mayfl[]4 ,!n ! p9nace sprung a leak & _h to be relad54 ,to pay _! port *>ges !y 7 =c$ to sell mo/ ( _! butt]4 ,& !re 7 _m sad & anxi\s he>ts4 ,b great times ^? t5 days 7 = ! l>g] boys & girls1 :o 7 all[$ to g a%ore on ! ,we/ ,quay 7at :i* ! %ips lay71 & = :om e day 0 full ( new sights bo? abo>d ! vessels & a%ore4 ,gov]nors 7 *os5 = ! %ips2 a "y coop]--,john ,ald5--0 f\nd1 to g ov]1 d _! "w1 & come back1 if he wi%$1 on ! ,mayfl[]2 & all 0 at la/ ready4 ,!y said :at !y ?\ght 7 _! la/ f>ewells to ,engl&1 & d[n ! ,sol5t1 out by ! lovely ,isle ( ,wight1 into ! broad ,*annel1 bo? %ips sail$ sl[ly1 outw>d b\nd4 ,b twice m ! leaky ,spe$well & h] c[>dly ma/] made bo? %ips seek h>bor--fir/ at ,d>tm\?1 :]e !y lay t5 days :ile ! p9nace 0 ov]haul$ & repair$1 & aga9 at ,plym\?1 aft] !y _h sail$ above #ajj leagues beyond ,l&'s ,end4 ,at ,plym\? x 0 decid$ t ! ,spe$well %\ld give up ! voyage & transf] mo/ ( h] pass5g]s & lad+ to ! ,mayfl[]1 :i* w\ld !n make h] belat$ way ov] ! ocean alone4 ,"s tw5ty pass5g]s--! ,cu%mans1 ! ,blossoms1 & o!rs--w5t back to ,london 9 ! p9nace1 & aft] a we>y /ay ( n9e days1 on ,w$nesday1 ,septemb] #f 7#af71 ! lone ,pilgrim %ip at la/ %ook (f ! l& &1 ) a fair w9d1 laid h] c\rse = ! nor!rn coa/s ( ,virg9ia4--,,azel ,,ames3 ,h[ ! ,pilgrims came to ,plym\?4 ,?is extract is an example ( a n>ration t is m difficult to write ?an any?+ y h yet tri$4 ,9 writ+ biographies y write ab\t "o p]son only4 ,9 hi/ory y write ab\t a great numb] ( p]sons1 & y mu/ hold toge!r 9 "o /ory a great numb] ( diff]5t facts4 ,an outl9e is1 !re=e1 ev5 m necess>y "h ?an 9 biography4 ,9 mak+ y\r outl9e y w be help$ by ! same pr9ciple ( keep+ y\r occurr5ces 9 _! natural ord] t gov]n$ y 9 y\r biography outl9es4 ,put d[n a note ( ! ma9 facts y wi% to report1 accord+ to ! date ( _! happ5+4 ,aft]w>d arrange !m 9 gr\ps accord+ to ! connection !y may h ) ea* o!r1 b always beg9 by mak+ sure t !y are set d[n 9 an ord]ly fa%ion4 ,h ! outl9e be=e y z y write1 & treat ! diff]5t subjects z !y come up4 ,an outl9e = ! extract giv5 above might be ! foll[+3-- ,i4 ,introduction3-- ,a4 ,explanation ( ! /ate ( ! ,puritans 9 ,holl&4 ,b4 ,driv5 f ,engl&4 ,c4 ,settl$ 9 ,am/]dam4 ,d4 ,remov$ to ,leyd54 ,e4 ,g5]al conditions4 ,,ii4 ,reasons = leav+ ,holl&4 ,a4 ,!y c\ld make no provision = ! future4 ,b4 ,_! *ildr5 c\ld n be tra9$ z !y wi%$4 ,c4 ,!y lov$ ,engli% ways4 ,,iii4 ,beg9n+ ( prep>ations4 ,a4 ,:o 7 to g4 ,b4 ,fitt+ out ! boat--conditions ( navigation4 ,c4 ,numb] ( ^? emb>k+4 ,,iv4 ,dep>ture f ,holl&4 ,v4 ,arrival 9 ,engl&4 ,a4 ,!y jo9 ! ,mayfl[]4 ,b4 ,delays1 at ,london1 at ,d>tm\?1 at ,plym\?4 ,,vi4 ,f9al dep>ture ( ! ,mayfl[] alone f ,engl&4 ,read aga9 ! selection ) ! outl9e be=e y & notice h[ ea* division is develop$4 ,:5 y h made a good outl9e1 ! h>de/ "p ( a piece ( hi/orical writ+ is complet$4 ,ex]cise #ig4--;,i4 ,let e "o f9d out all he c ab\t ! f\nd+ or settl+ ( ! t[n :]e he lives4 ,talk ov] ! facts 9 class1 e "o contribut+ :at he has be5 able to le>n2 !n see :o c make ! be/ outl9e & be/ /ory or hi/ory4 7,notice h[ ! two words are really alike47 ,,ii4 ,g on1 inve/igat+ ! subsequ5t hi/ory ( ! t[n1 & write t briefly 9 ! same way1 br++ 9 all ! /ories & int]e/+ incid5ts y c he>4 ,,iii4 ,write simil>ly ! hi/ory ( any o!r t[n1 village1 or f>m+ community y "k1 treat+ p>ticul>ly ! way 9 :i* any conditions g5]al ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry affect$ y\r subject4 ,= in/ance1 if x is an old t[n1 h[ x 0 affect$ by ! ,mexican ,w>1 ! ,civil ,w>1 any great panic1 etc4 ,m5tion n only great ev5ts 9 ! hi/ory ( ! t[n1--fires1 floods1 build+ ( factories1 etc41--b try to give "s idea ( ! g5]al "* ( ! life1 :e!r ! int]e/s are *iefly manufactur+1 f>m+1 m>9e1 railroad1 etc4 ,,iv4 ,write a brief hi/ory ( 7#a7 ,detroit1 7#b7 ,/4 ,l\is1 7#c7 ,new ,orleans1 7#d7 ,new ,york1 7#e7 ,san ,francisco1 7#f7 ,bo/on1 7#g7 ,*>le/[n1 7#h7 ,lawr5ce1 ,kansas1 7#i7 ,de]field1 ,mass41 7#aj7 ,quebec1 7#aa7 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 7#ab7 ,mont]ey1 ,cali=nia 7e>ly ,spani% mission71 7#ac7 ,havana4 ,v4 ,us+ ! extract giv5 above z a model1 write an acc\nt ( 7#a7 ,p5n's treaty ) ! ,indians1 7#b7 ,! fir/ ye> ( ! settl]s 9 ,virg9ia1 7#c7 ,! tak+ ( ,old ,manhattan by ! ,engli%1 7#d7 ,h[ ,la ,salle happ5$ to come to ?is c\ntry1 7#e7 ,h[ ,grant came to be a soldi]1 7#f7 ,! inv5tion & fir/ exp$ition ( ! fir/ /eamboat1 7#g7 ,! fir/ railroad1 7#h7 ,! f\nd+ & fir/ j\rney ( ! ,mormons4 #ei4 ,pla9 ,report+ ( ,facts4--,a hi/ory gives an acc\nt ( ?+s t happ5$ "s "t ago4 ,a newspap] gives an acc\nt ( ?+s t happ5$ ye/]day4 ,! two are diff]5t 9 degree1 b n 9 ess5tial qualities4 ,to give an acc\nt ( an incid5t t la/$ half an h\r & make x cle>1 connect$1 & ord]ly1 requires ! same pr9ciples z to write a report ( ev5ts t la/$ ?r\gh sev]al ye>s4 ,y mu/ arrange y\r n>rative 9 ! true ord]1 9 a /ory ( h[ a b>n 0 burn$1 j z 9 a /ory ( h[ a t[n 0 settl$4 ,9 ! fir/ case1 h[ev]1 ?is is n q s easy to d1 s9ce _m ( ! ev5ts occur almo/ at ! same "t4 ,b ?is v circum/ance gives y ! clew to an easy gr\p+ ( y\r facts1 s9ce y c put ^? t happ5 toge!r 9 ! same division4 ,an outl9e = an acc\nt ( ! burn+ ( a b>n is giv5 bel[3-- ,i4 ,discov]y ( fire4 ,a4 ,fire %[s ?r\gh "o ( ! w9d[s4 ,b4 ,! man ( ! h\se runs d[n ! walk t[>d ! b>n4 ,c4 ,! neighbors come runn+ & call+4 ,d4 ,"o man is s5t to call ! fire dep>tm5t4 ,all ^! facts occur almo/ simultane\sly1 & ! s5t5ces /at+ !m mu/ be connect$ or expla9$ by "s su* phrase z at ! same "t1 see+ ?is1 :ile ?is 0 be+ done1 at t mom5t1 mean:ile1 etc4 ,,ii4 ,fight+ ! fire4 ,a4 ,! neighbors br+ buckets--a l9e is =m$4 ,b4 ,! own] goes 9 & br+s out ! horse & c[4 ,c4 ,! fire dep>tm5t arrives1 connects ! hose4 ,d4 ,! firem5 climb on ! ro( to direct ! wat]2 ! fire is ext+ui%$4 ,,iii4 ,f9al condition4 ,a4 ,half ! hay burn$1 & two wagons ru9$4 ,b4 ,horse & c[ safe4 ,c4 ,! b>n c be rebuilt )\t te>+ x completely d[n4 ,d4 ,!re 0 no insurance4 ,ex]cise #ih4--;,i4 ,make outl9es1 foll[+ ?is model1 & write a newspap] acc\nt ( any ( ! foll[+ ev5ts4 ,d n try to describe ! occurr5ce p>ticul>ly2 simply put d[n z cle>ly z possible ! facts1 giv5 9 _! prop] ord]4 7#a7 ,a burgl>y 9 ! daytime4 7#b7 ,a rescue ( a dr[n+ boy by two playmates4 7#c7 ,a flood :i* wa%es away "p ( a /reet-c> track--h[ long c>s 7 delay$1 :at pass5g]s did1 h[ track 0 repair$1 etc4 7#d7 ,h[ a dog1 suppos$ to be mad1 fright5$ an entire neighborhood4 7#e7 ,! burn+ ( a dep>tm5t /ore4 7#f7 ,! d$ication ( a *ur*1 a hospital1 an asylum ( any k9d4 7#g7 ,a lo/ *ild & h[ he 0 return$ to 8 p>5ts4 7#h7 ,an accid5t to a /reet c>4 7#i7 ,a runaway4 7#aj7 ,a /eeple climb] fa9ts away halfway up a /eeple1 :]e he hangs susp5d$ by ! rope atta*$ to 8 belt4 ,tell h[ he 0 sav$4 7#aa7 ,a be> belong+ to a circus escapes1 & aft] roam+ ab\t = a day or s is captur$ by ! circus m54 7#ab7 ,a high w9d bl[s d[n telegraph poles1 unro(s b>ns1 & ?r[s trees across ! roads4 ,write an acc\nt ( ! am\nt ( damage done4 ,,ii4 ,write a newspap] acc\nt ( any ev5t at y\r s*ool3 7#a7 ,a comm5cem5t day4 7#b7 ,a reception day4 7#c7 ,a play or ent]ta9m5t4 7#d7 ,a panic ov] a suppos$ fire4 7#e7 ,a boy is lock$ 9 & has great difficulty 9 gett+ out4 7#f7 ,a wat] pipe is brok5 & /opp$ by ! pres5ce ( m9d ( "o ( ! tea*]s4 #fj4 ,conv]sation4--,9 ! n>ratives :i* y h be5 writ+ !re has be5 little if any occasion = conv]sation4 ,9 writ+ /ories or anecdotes 9 :i* c]ta9 p come into contact ) o!r p]sons1 !re is (t5 no bett] way to give a vivid & int]e/+ acc\nt ( :at happ5s ?an to tell :at 0 said4 ,?is is equally true ( real & ( inv5t$ /ories4 ,p n only %[ _! *>act]s :5 !y speak1 b !y indicate ! c\rse ( ev5ts4 ,! fact t "o favorite =m ( writ+ consi/s entirely ( conv]sation 7= t is all t any play is7 %[s h[ tru?fully & vividly facts c be pres5t$ 9 ?is way4 ,ex]cise #ii4--,try tell+ 9 conv]sational =m "s ( ! fables m5tion$ on page #aci1 or write 9 ?is =m ! fable ( 7#a7 ,dea? & ! ,wood*opp]2 7#b7 ,! ,wolf & ! ,lamb2 7#c7 ,! ,gras%opp] & ! ,ant2 7#d7 ,! ,t[n ,m\se & ! ,c\ntry ,m\se2 7#e7 ,! ,c\ncil ( ! ,rats 7,:o'll bell ! cat872 7#f7 ,! ,fox & ! ,grapes 7?is z a monologue1 or :at ! fox says to himself1 f ! mom5t he sees ! grapes until he gives up try+ to secure !m74 ,ex]cise #ajj4--;,give a conv]sation :i* y ?9k is *>act]i/ic & lifelike1 su* z might h occurr$ betwe5 any two ( ! foll[+ p]sons4 ,try to br+ out some?+ ( ! /ory :i* naturally comes to y\r m9d 9 connection ) ^! p4 #a4 ,joan ( ,arc to h] "m ! day be=e %e leaves h] home to g to ! c\rt ( ! k+4 ,sugge/ions3 ,h] "m lam5ts ov] ! dang]s ( ! road2 ,joan reassures h]--%e is to we> armor & be escort$ by tw5ty soldi]s4 ,h] "m asks aga9 :y ,joan wi%es to set out4 ,joan answ]s by expla9+ ab\t h] ,voices & h] c]ta9ty t %e is s5t by heav5 to rescue ,france4 ,read ! /ory ( ,joan ( ,arc & ( ! o!r p]sons to be treat$ 9 ?is lesson be=e y beg9 to write ! dialogue4 #b4 ,two boys ( ,puritan families ab\t to emb>k = ,am]ica on ! ,mayfl[]4 #c4 ,*ri/oph] ,columbus expla9+ to a fri5d :at 8 hopes are 9 seek+ out ,que5 ,isabella4 #d4 ,a boy & girl 9 ,old ,manhattan on ,*ri/mas ,day1 br++ out1 if possible1 "s ( ! cu/oms ( ! times4 #e4 ,william ,tell to 8 little son be=e he %oots ! apple f 8 head4 #f4 ,! conv]sation at ! *ri/5+ ( ! ,pr9cess :o 0 aft]w>d to be ! ,sleep+ ,beauty1 br++ 9 ! arrival & curse ( ! wick$ fairy4 #g4 ,conv]sation ( ,hop o' my ,?umb's fa!r & "m1 :5 !y decide t ! *ildr5 mu/ be left 9 ! woods because !y _c e>n en\gh to fe$ !m4 #h4 ,conv]sations betwe5 ! ,grecian w>riors :o fell at ,!rmopyl1 ! ev5+ be=e ! battle4 #i4 ,rob9son ,crusoe & 8 man ,friday4 ,rob9son is try+ to expla9 7a7 city life1 7b7 h[ & :y food is cook$1 7c7 ab\t 8 own *ildr5 9 ,engl&1 7d7 :at w9t] is l :5 !re is sn[ & ice4 ,ex]cise #aja4--,try 9 ! same way to br+ out "* by inv5t+ a dialogue betwe5 ! p]sons m5tion$ bel[3-- #a4 ,a g5tle eld] si/] & a little boy1 v irritable & cross f a long illness4 ,he wi%es to g outdoors to play & is only p]suad$ to /ay 9 by ! promise ( a new game4 #b4 ,two little girls play+ at dolls4 ,"o is v mu* giv5 to ord]+ ! o!r ab\t1 b f9ally enc\nt]s rebellion4 #c4 ,"o boy is urg+ ano!r to g swimm+ ) him4 ,! second boy is afraid & makes all k9ds ( excuses4 #d4 ,a v bright pupil try+ to expla9 a lesson 9 ari?metic to ano!r :o has no head = ma!matics4 #e4 ,two little boys play+ ,indians2 "o is tea*+ ano!r h[ to play4 #f4 ,a fa!r1 tir$ & sleepy1 & a little *ild ask+ que/ions4 #g4 ,imag9>y conv]sation betwe5 a lion & a pol> be>1 ^: cages are side by side 9 a circus4 ,ea* tells ! o!r ab\t 8 home life :5 he 0 free4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,description #fa4 ,obs]vation4--,! fir/ recomm5dation giv5 9 beg9n+ any new =m ( composition is always to arrange :at y wi% to say 9 a logical & ord]ly mann]1 by means ( an outl9e1 ei!r m5tal or writt54 ,9 description1 h[ev]1 ! fir/ ?+ to d is to obs]ve ! subject ( y\r composition1 c>efully1 completely1 & accurately4 ,y w be surpris$ to see h[ v c>elessly y obs]ve1 z a rule1 ev5 ?+s ) :i* y are v famili>4 ,try1 (fh&1 )\t fur!r exam9ation1 to write a description ( a piece ( money 7copp]1 nickel1 silv]1 gold1 or pap]71 giv+ ! dim5sions & ! color1 & /at+ :at "s ( ! pr9t+ on x is2 & try 9 ! same way to describe ! face ( a wat*1 tell+ ! size & l5g? ( ! h&s1 h[ !y run1 & :at ! pr9t+ is2 to give an accurate & detail$ acc\nt ( ! appe>ance ( ! front ( y\r s*ool build+ or *ur*1 y\r next door neighbor's h\se1 ! me*anism ( a lamp1 ! exact disposition ( ! furniture 9 y\r p>lor at home1 a corn/alk 7size ( leaves1 %ape1 h[ !y are set on ! /alk1 :]e ! e>s gr[1 h[ _m wrapp+s ( husk inclose !m1 etc471 a violet1 a silk hat 7height1 wid?1 %ape1 l9+1 wid? ( brim1 etc471 a cat's =efeet 7numb] ( toes1 %ea? = ! nail1 h[ !y curve 91 :y !y d n p5etrate ! cu%ion$ foot 9 walk+1 etc471 a common fly1 a rob9 r$brea/1 ! arrangem5t ( panels 9 ! front door ( y\r h\se1 an ,engli% sp>r[1 a po/age /amp4 ,tell h[ a c[ lies d[n2 a horse2 a dog4 ,by su* exp]im5ts y w f9d t y are hamp]$ n by difficulty 9 express+ :at y "k1 b by ! great gaps 9 y\r k ( ev5 su* v famili> objects4 ,y w discov] t y h nev] really look$ at !m1 al?\gh y may h seem$ to d s e day s9ce y c rememb]4 ,"s p seem to h op5$ m eyes ?an o!rs1 !y see ) su* =ce & di/9ctness2 _! vision p5etrates ! tangle & obscurity :]e t ( o!rs fails l a sp5t or impot5t bullet4 ,h[ _m eyes did ,gilb]t ,:ite op58 ,h[ _m did ,h5ry ,?oreau8 ,h[ _m did ,audubon8 ,h[ _m does ! hunt]1 mat*+ 8 sight aga9/ ! ke5 & al]t s5ses ( a de] or a moose or a fox or a wolf4 ,n outw>d eyes b inw>d4 ,we op5 ano!r eye :5ev] we see beyond ! fir/ g5]al features or outl9es ( ?+s--:5ev] we grasp ! special details & *>act]i/ic m>k+s t ?is mask cov]s4 ,sci5ce conf]s new p[]s ( vision4 ,:]ev] y h le>n$ to discrim9ate ! birds1 or ! plants1 or ! geological features ( a c\ntry1 x is z if new & ke5] eyes 7 add$4444 ,we ?9k we h look$ at a ?+ %>ply until we are ask$ = its specific features4 ,i ?\ght ,i knew exactly ! =m ( ! leaf ( ! tulip tree1 until "o day a lady ask$ me to draw ! outl9es ( "o4444 ,! habit ( obs]vation is ! habit ( cle> & decisive gaz+2 n by a fir/1 casual glance1 b by a /eady1 delib]ate aim ( ! eye are ! r>e & *>act]i/ic ?+s discov]$4 ,y mu/ look int5tly & hold y\r eye firmly to ! spot1 to see m ?an d ! rank & file ( mank9d4--,,john ,,burr\ghs3 ,locu/s & ,wild ,honey4 ,description by means ( writ+ is (t5 comp>$ to ! "w ( an arti/1 s9ce ! aim ( bo? arti/ & writ] is to pres5t a visual image ( _! subject4 ,b ! writ] ( a description is m l a ,japanese arti/ ?an "o ( 8 own race4 ,! arti/s ( ,japan look long & fix$ly at an object or sc5e or p]son1 & !n produce ! picture f memory4 ,9 g5]al1 x is n (t5 easy to write y\r description :ile y are actually 9 pres5ce ( ! ?+ y wi% to picture1 s t aft] quick1 ke51 & accurate obs]vation y %\ld try to cultivate a ret5tive memory = details4 ,try cultivat+ bo? ( ^! qualities by "s ( ! foll[+ class ex]cises4 ,ex]cise #ajb4--a4 ,look = "o m9ute by ! clock at y\r tea*]'s desk1 & !n )\t ano!r glance see :o c describe x ) ! mo/ accuracy & complet5ess4 #b4 ,turn to ! title-page ( ?is book1 look at x = a mom5t1 & !n try to reproduce x4 #c4 ,exam9e y\r own %oe = a mom5t & see h[ cle>ly y c describe x4 #d4 ,! /ove or /eam radiator 9 y\r room4 #e4 ,:at y see f ! w9d[ ne>e/ y aft] a mom5t's gaze4 #f4 ,j h[ ! inside ( y\r desk looks n[--exact place ( books1 p5cils1 note books1 etc4 #g4 ,j h[ ! pupil next y is dress$1 ) z _m details z a two-m9ute gaze w %[ y4 #h4 ,! exact arrangem5t ( maps1 pictures1 reports1 plants1 etc41 ab\t ! wall ( y\r class room4 ,z y g ab\t y\r h\se or s*ool1 9 ! /reets1 or 9 ! woods1 try ?is ex]cise1 ei!r 9 competition ) a companion1 or simply = y\r own satisfaction4 ,9 pass+ a %op w9d[1 see h[ _m ( ! objects display$ y c rememb]1 or 9 pass+ a brook1 try to obs]ve rapidly b accurately ! exact nature ( ! banks at ! place y cross$4 ,see h[ def9itely y c impress on y\r m9d ! appe>ance ( any h\se y pass1 or ( a vehicle :i* passes y4 ,aft] a mom5t's /eady look at y\r "m's "w-basket see h[ completely y c describe x1--or ! d9+ table set = d9n]1 or ! front hall1 ) wraps & rubb]s 9 x1 or ! p>lor ) sev]al p 9 x1 or ! m9i/] prea*+ 9 *ur*4 ,y w be surpris$ to f9d h[ mu* y h ov]look$ be=e1 ev5 9 sc5es :i* h be5 con/antly be=e y4 ,y w see t ,mr4 ,burr\ghs does n exagg]ate :5 he says t :5 we obs]ve c>efully & accurately1 x is z ?\gh we _h op5$ a new pair ( eyes1 n outw>d b inw>d4 #fb4 ,g5]al ,sci5tific ,description4--,notice ! diff]5ce betwe5 ^! two descriptions3-- #a4 ,g5tina cr9ita1 ,froel4 ,fr+$ ,g5tian4 ,leaves lanceolate or broad]1 ) r\nd$ or he>t-%ap$ base2 fl[]s solit>y on long p$uncles t]m9at+ ! /em or simple bran*es2 calyx ) #d unequal lobes2 corolla sky blue1 %[y1 #b' long1 funnel =m1 ! #d w$ge-obovate lobes ) m>g9s cut into a long & delicate fr+e4 ,n4 ,eng41 ,w4 & ,s4--,,leavitt',s ,outl9es ( ,botany4 #b4 ,?\ blossom bright ) autumn dew1 ,& color$ ) ! heav5's own blue1 ,t op5e/ :5 ! quiet light ,succe$s ! ke5 & fro/y night4 ,?\ come/ n :5 violets lean ,o'er w&]+ brooks & spr+s unse51 ,or columb9es1 9 purple dress$1 ,nod o'er ! gr\nd-bird's hidd5 ne/4 ,?\ waite/ late & com'/ alone1 ,:5 woods are b>e & birds are fl[n1 ,& fro/s & %ort5+ days port5d ,! ag$ ye> is ne> 8 end4 ,!n do? ?y sweet & quiet eye ,look ?r\gh its fr+es to ! sky1 ,blue--blue--z if t sky let fall ,a fl[] f its c]ulean wall4 ,i w\ld t ?us1 :5 ,i %all see ,! h\r ( dea? draw ne> to me1 ,hope1 blossom+ )9 my he>t1 ,may look to heav5 z ,i dep>t4 --,,bryant3 ,to ! ,fr+$ ,g5tian4 ,y w see at once h[ extremely v>i$ diff]5t =ms ( description may be :5 y reflect t ^! two extracts are bo? descriptions ( ! same ?+4 ,! prose extract pres5ts a pla9 & accurate acc\nt ( facts4 ,! poetry aims to give a description ( ! object :i* w int]e/1 please1 & move ! read]1 & :i* w br+ a picture vividly be=e 8 eyes4 ,betwe5 two examples contra/+ s completely z ^!1 !re lies a long s]ies ( gradations f "o v>iety ( description to ano!r4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 two ma9 divisions ( ?is =m ( writ+3 ! pla9 /atem5t1 ^: only purpose is to pres5t a picture ( ! object describ$ & to int]e/ ! read] 9 do+ s2 & sci5tific description1 :i* be>s ab\t ! same relation to lit]>y description z a bus9ess lett] to a fri5dly "o4 ,!y bo? pres5t facts1 b 9 "o case = ! sake ( ! facts & 9 ! o!r 9 ord] to int]e/ ! read]4 ,:5 analyz$1 sci5tific description is f\nd to be simply a li/ ( all ! facts ab\t a giv5 subject4 ,^! facts1 h[ev]1 mu/ n be ga!r$ toge!r & ?r[n into a p>agraph )\t ord]4 ,9 ! pla9e/ sort ( description !re mu/ be a regul> plan4 ,beg9 by /at+ def9itely :at x is y are ab\t to treat1 or give a def9ition ( x z x /&s 9 its broad relations to o!r ?+s1 s t y\r read] may h a g5]al notion ( y\r subject4 ,?is is call$ ! introduction1 & %\ld v>y 9 l5g? & explicitness accord+ to ! famili>ity ( y\r !me4 ,if y are ab\t to describe ! common h\se fly1 a simple /atem5t to t effect is en\gh2 b if y are beg9n+ a description ( a r>e dragon fly1 y w ne$ n only to give ! "n1 b :]e x is f\nd1 its g5]al relation to o!r families ( flies m famili>1 & p]haps to tell h[ y happ5$ to see x1 :]e x may be obs]v$1 etc4 ,9 g5]al1 h[ev]1 ! introduction %\ld always be brief & v mu* to ! po9t1 s9ce x is a common fault = inexp]i5c$ writ]s to delay too long ov] ! beg9n+4 ,aft] ?is1 take up1 "o by "o1 9 ! ord] ( _! importance1 ! ma9 qualities ( y\r subject4 ,= ?is purpose y %\ld h brief outl9es prep>$1 s t y w n /ate small & non-ess5tial details be=e ess5tials4 ,! foll[+ description ( ! gr\p ( birds kn[n z w>bl]s w aid y z a model3-- ,:5 y beg9 to /udy ! w>bl]s1 y w probably conclude t y "k no?+ ab\t birds & c nev] le>n4 ,b if y beg9 by recogniz+ _! common traits1 & /udy a few ( ! easie/ & ^? t ne/ 9 y\r locality1 y w be less disc\rag$2 & :5 ! flocks come back at ! next migrations1 y w be able to ma/] ! oddities ( a l>ge numb]4 ,mo/ ( !m are v small--mu* less ?an half ! size ( a rob9--& are n only %ort1 b sl5d]4 ,active z ! *ickadee or k+let1 !y flit ab\t ! trees & und]gr[? aft] insects1 )\t *>ity = ! obs]v] :o is try+ to make out _! m>k+s4 ,unlike ! waxw+1 ^: quiet ways are mat*$ by its subdu$ t9ts1 ! w>bl]s are da%$ ) all ! glories ( ! ra9b[1 a flock ( !m look+ z if a pa9t]'s palette _h be5 ?r[n at !m4 ,:y !y %\ld be call$ w>bl]s is a puzzle1 z a l>ge p]c5tage ( !m h n z mu* song z a *ippy1 no?+ b a ?9 *att]1 or a %rill pip+ trill4 ,if y wi% a negative conception ( !m1 ?9k ( ! color+ & habits ( ! cuckoo4 ,no contra/ c\ld be m complete4 ,! be/ places to look = !m dur+ migration are 9 "y trees1 or*>ds1 & sunny slopes4 ,i f9d !m 9 old or*>ds1 swamps1 ! raspb]ry pat*1 & ! edge ( ! woods4--,,flor5ce ,a4 ,,m]riam3 ,birds ?r\gh an ,op]a ,glass4 ,/udy ?is description1 & y w discov] ! plan on :i* x is built4 ,fir/ comes ! introduction1 giv+ g5]al directions = recogniz+ ! subject4 ,!n ! mo/ noticeable *>act]i/ics are /at$1 ! size & %ape4 ,habits ( great activity are next m5tion$1 & a g5]al notion ( color+ is giv54 ,! song ( ! w>bl]s is !n tak5 up1 & ! description is summ$ up 9 a s5t5ce by contra/+ !m ) ! cuckoo4 ,! /atem5t ( :]e !y are f\nd c\ld well h be5 plac$ at ! beg9n+1 directly aft] ! introduction4 ,ex]cise #ajc4--,us+ ?is z a model1 describe any v>iety ( bird or animal ) :i* y are famili>1 su* z ,engli% sp>r[s1 h5s1 p>rots1 ducks1 dogs1 cats1 horses1 goats1 rabbits1 squirrels1 pigeons1 geese1 %eep4 ,ex]cise #ajd4--;,describe tomatoes1 pea*es1 apricots1 grapes1 potatoes1 c>rots1 wat]melons1 rice1 blackb]ries1 huckleb]ries1 corn1 :eat1 oats1 rye4 ,use ! foll[+ z a model3-- ,! apple is "o ( ! mo/ widely cultivat$1 & be/ kn[n & appreciat$ ( fruits belong+ to temp]ate climates4 ,9 its wild /ate x is kn[n z ! crabapple1 & is f\nd g5]ally di/ribut$ ?r\gh ,europe & ,we/]n ,asia4 ,! apple tree1 z cultivat$1 is a mod]ate-siz$ tree ) spread+ bran*es1 ovate1 acutely s]rat$ or cr5at$ leaves1 & fl[]s 9 corymbs4 ,x is successfully cultivat$ 9 high] latitudes ?an any o!r fruit tree1 gr[+ up to #fe ,n42 b1 not)/&+ ?is1 its blossoms are m susceptible ( injury f fro/ ?an ! fl[]s ( ! pea* or apricot4 ,x comes into fl[] mu* lat] ?an ^! trees1 & s avoids ! night fro/1 :i* w\ld be fatal to its fruit be>+4 ,! apples :i* are gr[n 9 nor!rn regions are1 h[ev]1 small1 h>d1 & crabb$1 ! be/ fruit be+ produc$ 9 hot summ] climates1 su* z ,canada & ! ,unit$ ,/ates4--,encyclopdia ,britannica4 ,try sometimes to make ^! descriptions s complete t y\r classmates c recognize :at y are describ+ )\t kn[+ y\r subject be=eh&4 ,an almo/ inf9ite li/ ( subjects suitable = sci5tific description c\ld be giv51 b en\gh titles h be5 sugge/$ to %[ y t y h only to look ab\t y to f9d !mes = ! ex]cise4 #fc4 ,specific ,sci5tific ,description4--,comp>e ) ! treatm5t ( ! w>bl]s 9 g5]al ?is description ( "o p>ticul> v>iety ( t species1 by ! same au?or1 a little lat] 9 ! same book4 ,! ,blackburnian is "o ( ! h&some/ & mo/ easily recogniz$ ( ! w>bl]s4 ,8 ?roat is a ri* orange or flame color1 s brilliant t x is en\gh 9 itself to di/+ui% him f any ( ! o!rs4 ,8 back is black ) yell[ m>k+s4 ,8 cr[n is black1 b has an orange spot 9 ! c5t]1 & ! re/ ( 8 head1 except ne> 8 eye1 is ! same flam+ orange z 8 ?roat4 ,8 w+s h :ite pat*es1 & 8 brea/ is :iti% t+$ ) yell[4 ,8 sides are /reak$ ) black4 ,! female & "y are dull]1 ! black ( _! backs be+ m+l$ ) olive2 :ile _! ?roats are yell[ in/ead ( orange4 ,9 ?is case1 ! au?or1 hav+ /at$ ! g5]al *>act]i/ics & habits ( ! family ( w>bl]s1 ne$s only to describe m9utely ! appe>ance ( "o v>iety4 ,ex]cise #aje4--,take up 9 ?is way a special v>iety ( ! g5]al topics y describ$ 9 ! la/ ex]cise3 ,buff ,co*9 h5s2 p>rots f ,c5tral ,am]ica2 ,royal ,pek9 ducks2 ,newf\ndl& or ,/4 ,b]n>d dogs1 t]ri]s1 bull dogs1 or greyh\nds2 ,%etl& ponies1 race horses1 or heavy draught horses2 :ite rabbits or ,belgian h>es2 gray squirrels1 *ipmunks1 r$ squirrels or fly+ squirrels2 p\t] pigeons or hom+ pigeons4 #fd4 ,te*nical ,t]ms4--,9 describ+ "s objects y w f9d t c>eful & accurate obs]vation & logical arrangem5t ( y\r in=mation are n en\gh4 ,y w discov] t y d n "k ! names = all ! v>i\s p>ts ( y\r subject4 ,9 attempt+ to write a complete description ( ev5 z well kn[n an object z a fl[] or fruit1 y w probably ne$ to consult a diction>y or a sci5tific "w1 to le>n ! botanical names4 ,m9ute sci5tific description is1 !re=e1 an excell5t ex]cise = enl>g+ y\r vocabul>y1 = giv+ y control ov] m words4 ,9 us+ v te*nical t]ms1 :i* may be z unfamili> to y\r read] z !y 7 to y be=e y made a /udy ( y\r subject1 add a brief explanation ( ! mean+4 ,ex]cise #ajf4--;,give a pla91 sci5tific description ( "o or m ( ! illu/rations giv5 9 y\r diction>y1 rememb]+ to />t f "s po9t & to proce$ regul>ly f !re 9 y\r description4 ,= in/ance1 9 describ+ a %ip "u sail1 beg9 at ! wat] l9e & g up to ! top ( ! ma/s1 or else 9 ! opposite direction2 b d n beg9 at ! /]n1 jump to ! b[1 & !n back aga9 to ! ma/s4 ,d n attempt to expla9 ! diff]5t qualities1 ! work+s1 or ! int]ior p>ts ( ^! objects4 ,y w h ?is to d 9 exposition4 ,simply describe z accurately z possible _! aspect1 on ! model ( ! description ( ! ,blackburnian w>bl]4 ,ex]cise #ajg4--;,describe sci5tifically & specifically1 us+ correct botanical t]ms1 an individual example ( "o ( ! li/ ( topics giv5 y = g5]al treatm5t on page #afb1 tak+ up 7#a7 ! g5]al habit ( gr[?1 7#b7 usual location1 7#c7 usual dim5sions ( :ole plant1 7#d7 body ( ! plant1 7#e7 leaves1 7#f7 fl[]s1 7#g7 fruit & se$s1 7#h7 any g5]al rem>ks z to its usefulness 9 ! _w1 etc4 ,9 addition1 treat simil>ly ! sunfl[]1 seawe$1 pansies1 ! peanut v9e1 ! hazel nut1 wit*-hazel1 ! =get-me-n1 ! gold5-rod1 ! will[1 ! sumac4 #fe4 ,lit]>y ,description4--,an example ( lit]>y description1 v f> remov$ f ! sci5tific v>iety1 is ! foll[+ extract3-- ,we _h a rem>kable sunset "o day la/ ,novemb]4 ,i 0 walk+ 9 a mead[1 ! s\rce ( a small brook1 :5 ! sun at la/1 j be=e sett+ aft] a cold gray day1 rea*$ a cle> /ratum 9 ! horizon2 & ! s(te/1 brighte/ morn+ sunlight fell on ! dry grass1 & on ! /ems ( ! trees 9 ! opposite horizon1 & on ! leaves ( ! scrub oaks on ! hillside1 :ile our %ad[s /ret*$ long ov] ! mead[s ea/w>d z if we 7 only motes 9 its beams4 ,x 0 su* a light z we c\ld n h imag9$ a mom5t be=e1 & ! air also 0 s w>m & s]5e t no?+ 0 want+ to make a p>adise ( t mead[4 ,:5 we reflect$ t ?is 0 n a solit>y ph5om5on1 nev] to happ5 aga91 b t x w\ld happ5 =ev] & ev] an inf9ite numb] ( ev5+s1 & *e] & reassure ! late/ *ild t walk$ !n1 x 0 m glori\s /ill4--,h4 ,d4 ,,?oreau3 ,excursions4 ,! real po9t ( diff]5ce betwe5 su* a description & ! acc\nt ( ! ,blackburnian w>bl] is t ! aim 9 ! "o case is to pres5t facts & 9 ! o!r to pres5t a picture4 ,obs]vation1 h[ev] accurate1 & ord]1 h[ev] logical1 are n en\gh = ?is sort ( description4 ,y mu/ int]e/ & please1 or y h fail$ ( y\r purpose4 ,y mu/ obs]ve ke5ly & arrange y\r mat]ial c>efully1 b y mu/ d m ?an ?is4 ,y mu/ rememb] all ! "t t y are try+ to make a picture1 & 9 _m reg>ds y ne$ to foll[ ! same rule z ! arti/ does 9 pa9t+4 ,= in/ance1 he e/abli%es himself 9 "o place & draws ! object1 sc5e1 or p]son z x looks to him f !re4 ,y w\ld laugh at a pa9t] :o1 9 draw+ a solid oak door1 put 9 a p]son /&+ on ! o!r side ( x1 b "o ( ! fir/ ?+s to rememb] 9 mak+ y\r writt5 picture is n to put 9 details :i* y c\ld n see f ! po9t :]e y h plac$ y\rself to make y\r sket*4 ,9 describ+ ! view f a high hill1 y mu/ n write1 ,! woods back ( our h\se look$ l a gre5 c>pet & ! h\se l ! t9ie/ sort ( a *ild's play?+4 ,! sun %9+ 9 ! w9d[s ( ! front p>lor made ! room look z ?\gh x 7 smil+4 ,! la/ s5t5ce may be p]fectly true1 & 9 an acc\nt ( ! front p>lor w\ld be a good piece ( description1 b s9ce y c\ld n possibly see t detail f ! top ( a di/ant hill1 x is absurd to use x4 ,m ev5 ?an ?is1 y mu/ le>n to remove too mu* detail f y\r descriptions4 ,n only %\ld y refra9 f us+ any?+ y _c see f ! po9t :]e y h plac$ y\rself1 b y %\ld n use all ! ?+s y c see4 ,9 ! ex]cises on sci5tific description y h be5 obs]v+1 z completely z y possibly c\ld1 a giv5 subject1 & putt+ into y\r composition all ! facts y c\ld see or le>n ab\t4 ,9 lit]>y description ! process is q diff]5t4 ,y mu/ tra9 y\rself to leave out a great _m details1 & to select ^? y use ) great c>e = _! value 9 aid+ y to give y\r read] a lifelike picture4 ,9 describ+ a h\se sci5tifically1 x is ( j z mu* value to say t !re are eight w9d[s on ! nor? side z t x /&s on a high hill1 = :at y wi% to d is to convey all ! in=mation y c ab\t ! h\se4 ,b 9 a lit]>y description y %\ld n m5tion ! w9d[s at all1 unless !re is some?+ unusual ab\t !m1 & y %\ld pick out = m5tion only ! features t make t h\se diff]5t f o!r h\ses2 s t "o ( ! fir/ ?+s y w\ld say is "s pres5tation ( ! fact t x is on a hill4 ,at l5g? we /opp$ be=e a v old h\se bulg+ out ov] ! road2 a h\se ) long l[ lattice-w9d[s bulg+ out /ill fur!r1 & beams ) c>v$ heads on ! ends bulg+ out too1 s t ,i fanci$ ! :ole h\se 0 lean+ =w>d1 try+ to see :o 0 pass+ on ! n>r[ pavem5t bel[4 ,x 0 q spotless 9 its cleanl9ess4 ,! old-fa%ion$ brass knock] on ! l[ ar*$ door1 ornam5t$ ) c>v$ g>l&s ( fruit & fl[]s1 tw9kl$ l a />4 ,! two /one /eps desc5d+ to ! door 7 z :ite z if !y _h be5 cov]$ ) fair l952 & all ! angles & corn]s1 & c>v+s & mold+s1 & qua9t little panes ( glass1 & qua9t] little w9d[s1 ?\gh z old z ! hills1 7 z pure z any sn[ t ev] fell f ! hills4--,,*>les ,,dick5s3 ,david ,copp]field4 ,9 ?is sket* ( a h\se no?+ is m5tion$ t c\ld n be se5 bo? f ! position ( a p]son :o has j /epp$ 9 front ( x & 9 ! "t :i* w\ld naturally elapse betwe5 8 r++ ! doorbell & ! arrival ( "s "o to answ] x4 ,notice also t a g5]al impression ( ! :ole h\se is giv5 9 ! fir/ s5t5ce4 ,j z an arti/ mak+ a sket* draws fir/ a g5]al r\gh outl9e ( ! :ole object1 block+ 9 7z x is call$7 ! proportions & g5]al aspect be=e go+ on to details2 s a good beg9n+ = a description is "s g5]al summ+ up ( ! fir/ impression made ^u y by ! sc5e1 or ( ! impression y desire to make ^u y\r read]4 ,?is corresponds to ! topic s5t5ce ( a p>agraph4 ,ex]cise #ajh4--,write a description f a fix$ po9t1 & z if aft] only a few mom5ts' look1 ( ! g5]al impression made ^u ! obs]v] by any ( ! foll[+ subjects1 try+ to cat* "s *>act]i/ic trait or quality1 :i* y c /ate 9 "o metaphor or comp>ison1 z ! pr$om9at+ effect4 ,= in/ance3-- #a4 ,i fanci$ t ! :ole h\se 0 lean+ =w>d1 try+ to see :o 0 pass+ on ! n>r[ pavem5t bel[4 #b4 ,! deep projection ( ! second /ory gave ! h\se su* a m$itative look t y c\ld n pass x )\t ! idea t x _h secrets to keep1 & an ev5tful hi/ory to moralize ^u4 #c4 ,! ne/ looks z if x b>ely t\*$ ! twigs f :i* x hung2 b :5 y exam9e x1 y may f9d t ! gray fib]s h wov5 ! wood 9 s securely t ! ne/ w\ld h to be torn 9 pieces be=e x c\ld be loos5$ f ! twigs4 ,make y\r descriptions brief & try to convey vividly ! fir/ impression4 ,! front ( y\r s*ool build+1 y\r home1 an old b>n1 ! h&some/ h\se 9 y\r neighborhood1 a c\ntry *ur*1 ! kit*5 ( y\r home1 y\r own room1 a h5 h\se ) ! h5s j go+ to roo/1 a dovecot1 any public monum5t y may "k1 ! inside ( a public libr>y1 ! po/ (fice1 a drug /ore1 a c>p5t]'s %op1 a blacksmi?'s1 an iron f\ndry1 a mill9]'s %op1 a beehive1 a cr['s ne/1 an ant-hill1 a spid]'s web1 an aqu>ium1 a f>mh\se1 a tall (fice build+1 an ocean /eam]1 a sailboat1 any curi\s h\se y may h se54 ,"o good ex]cise = =c+ y\rself to express quickly ! aspect ( a giv5 object at a giv5 "t is to try to describe some?+ 9 v rapid motion1 ( :i* y c get only a mom5t>y glimpse4 ,= in/ance3-- #a4 ,! squirrel w\ld %oot up ! tree1 mak+ only a br[n /reak f ! bottom to ! top4 #b4 ,away across ! endless dead level ( ! prairie a black speck appe>s aga9/ ! sky1 & x is pla9 t x moves4 ,well1 ,i %\ld ?9k s6 ,9 a second or two x becomes a horse & rid]1 ris+ & fall+1 ris+ & fall+1 sweep+ t[>d u ne>] & ne>]1 gr[+ m & m di/9ct1 m & m %>ply def9$1 ne>] & /ill ne>]1 & ! flutt] ( ! ho(s comes fa9tly to ! e>4 ,ano!r in/ant1 a :oop & hurrah f all ( u1 a wave ( ! rid]'s h&1 b no reply1 & man & horse bur/ pa/ our excit$ faces1 & g w++ away l a belat$ fragm5t ( a /orm6 ,ex]cise #aji4--a4 ,try to give a brief1 vivid impression ( an express tra9 pass+ at full spe$1 an automobile1 a /eam]1 a race horse1 a man runn+1 a dog *as+ a cat4 #b4 ,describe h[ y are impress$ by ! passage ?r\gh a %ort tunnel ( a tra9 y are on1 by a village y pass on an express1 by a bit ( =e/ y\r tra9 d>ts ?r\gh4 #ff4 ,description ( ,p4--,read ^! two passages1 ! second ( :i* is a description by ! hi/orian ,motley ( ,?ack]ay1 ! great ,engli% noveli/4 #a4 ,mr4 ,creakle's face 0 fi]y1 & 8 eyes 7 small & deep 9 8 head4 ,he _h ?ick ve9s 9 8 =ehead1 a little nose1 & a l>ge *94 ,he 0 bald on ! top ( 8 head1 & _h "s ?91 wet-look+ hair t 0 j turn+ gray1 bru%$ across ea* temple1 s t ! two sides int]lac$ on 8 =ehead4 ,b ! circum/ance ab\t him :i* mo/ impress$ me 0 t he _h no voice1 b spoke 9 a :isp]4--,,*>les ,,dick5s3 ,david ,copp]field4 #b4 ,he has ! appe>ance ( a colossal infant1 smoo?1 :ite1 %9y1 r+lety hair1--flax5 alas6 ) advanc+ ye>s1 a r\ndi% face1 ) a little dab ( a nose1 ^u :i* x is a p]petual wond] h[ he keeps 8 spectacles1 a sweet b r pip+ voice ) some?+ ( a *ildi% treble ab\t x1 & a v tall1 slightly /oop+ figure4 ,9 writ+ ?is sort ( quick sket*1 notice :at impresses y fir/ ab\t y\r subject1 t is1 :at is ! mo/ *>act]i/ic feature4 ,9 ,dick5s's description ( ! h\se1 x 0 ! fact t ! :ole build+ seem$ to be lean+ =w>d2 9 ,motley's picture ( ,?ack]ay1 x 0 ! fact t ! great noveli/ look$ curi\sly l a little *ild2 9 ,dick5s's ,mr4 ,creakle1 x 0 ! fact t ! s*ool-tea*] _h no voice4 ,ex]cise #aaj4--;,i4 ,write 9 ! same way z 9 ! prec$+ lesson a picture1 9 a p>agraph or two1 sugge/$ by any ( ! foll[+ subjects1 try+ to cat* ! mo/ *>act]i/ic po9ts1 su* z w\ld impress y aft] a mom5t's obs]vation1 & to /ate !m vividly & briefly1 s t ! description may be recognizable4 ,! iceman2 ! policeman2 ! wa%]woman2 ! janitor2 a /reet-c> conductor2 a po/man2 an organ gr9d]2 a newsboy2 a f>m]2 a classmate2 a mess5g] boy2 a but*]2 any "o ( unusual appe>ance :o has pass$ y 9 ! /reet1 or :om y h se5 9 ! c>s4 ,,ii4 ,or1 give 9 ! same brief1 picturesque mann] ! impression made by a fir/ sight ( y\r dog z diff]+ f o!r dogs ( ! same bre$1 try+ to express ! way 9 :i* 8 "* %[s itself ?r\gh 8 appe>ance--k9d & sl[1 or n]v\s & active1 or affectionate & playful1 etc42 ( any dog y h se5 :o has a m>k$ individuality2 ( y\r cat1 can>y1 or any ( y\r pets4 ,9 describ+ a p]son y w f9d v (t5 t y are mo/ impress$ by ! eyes1 & t !y give ! *>act]i/ic expression to ! face4 ,^! foll[+ extracts1 tak5 f "o novel1 ! "w ( a skillful writ]1 %[ h[ mu* att5tion is paid to ! eyes ( ! p]sons describ$3-- #a4 ,%e 0 tall & pale1 ?9 & a little awkw>d2 h] hair 0 fair & p]fectly /raight2 h] eyes 7 d>k & !y _h ! s+ul>ity ( seem+ at once dull & re/less4 #b4 ,! second "y lady 0 also ?9 & pale2 b %e 0 old] ?an ! o!r2 %e 0 %ort]2 %e _h d>k1 smoo? hair4 ,h] eyes1 unlike ! o!r's1 7 quick & bright2 b !y 7 n at all re/less4 #c4 ,?is latt] p]sonage 0 a man ( r less ?an ! usual /ature & ! usual weight1 ) a quick1 obs]vant1 agreeable d>k eye4 #d4 ,%e 0 a fair1 plump p]son1 ( m$ium /ature1 ) a r\nd face1 a small m\?1 a delicate complexion1 a bun* ( light br[n curls at ! back ( h] head1 & a peculi>ly op51 surpris$-look+ eye4 ,ex]cise #aaa4--;,i4 ,look at a portrait or bu/ ( ,julius ,cs> & see if y ?9k 8 appe>ance z a "y man 0 well describ$ by ! hi/orian ,fr\de 9 ! foll[+ extract3-- ,a tall1 slight1 h&some y\?1 ) d>k pi]c+ eyes1 a sall[ complexion1 l>ge nose1 lips full1 features ref9$ & intellectual1 neck s9ewy & ?ick1 beyond :at might h be5 expect$ f ! g5]ally sl5d] figure4 ,,ii4 ,write a p>agraph or two describ+ ! p]sonal appe>ance ( any not$ man or woman ) ^: portrait y are famili>4 ,try to reproduce ! mo/ /rik+ traits1 describ+ !m z if y 7 speak+ ( a liv+ p]son4 7a7 ,sir ,walt] ,scott1 ,george ,eliot1 ,haw?orne1 ,longfell[1 ,james ,russell ,l[ell1 ,:itti]1 ,bryant1 ,dick5s1 ,t5nyson1 ,l\isa ,m4 ,alcott4 7b7 ,george ,wa%+ton1 ,daniel ,web/]1 ,abraham ,l9coln1 ,g5]al ,grant1 ,alex&] ,hamilton1 ,bism>ck1 ,napoleon1 ,julius ,cs>1 ,que5 ,victoria1 ,que5 ,wilhelm9a4 ,,iii4 ,?9k ov] "s ( ! fictiti\s *>act]s giv5 bel[2 try to imag9e h[ !y w\ld look1 & write a brief description z ( a liv+ p]son4 ,d n beg9 writ+ until y h a complete picture 9 y\r m9d4 ,c9d]ella & h] two wick$ si/]s1 ,rob9 ,hood1 ,ali ,baba1 ,rob9son ,crusoe1 ,s9dbad ! ,sailor1 ,uncle ,remus1 ,! ,sleep+ ,beauty1 ,%ylock1 ,k+ ,le>1 ,/4 ,george1 ,santa ,claus1 ,bluebe>d1 ,ru?1 ,samuel1 ,david & ,golia?4 #fg4 ,long] ,description4--,y are n[ ready to try descriptions on a little l>g] scale4 ,be c>eful1 h[ev]1 to be> 9 m9d ! foll[+ h9ts3-- #a4 ,plan y\r :ole description be=e y write any "p ( x1 & see t y are foll[+ "s natural ord]1 su* z f left to "r1 or "r to left1 f ! top d[n1 f ! bottom up1 f head to foot1 etc4 ,9 describ+ a l&scape1 = in/ance1 f a fix$ po9t1 aft] ! introduction 7usually only a s+le s5t5ce7 y beg9 ) :at is ne>e/ to y--! =egr\nd--& proce$ to m di/ant po9ts ( ! sc5e4 ,or y beg9 ) :at is f> away--! backgr\nd--& come clos] & clos]1 f9i%+ ) ! ?+s imm$iately ab\t y4 #b4 ,use no details :i* w n add to ! vividness & =ce ( y\r picture4 ,9 describ+ a libr>y1 = in/ance1 y c v well leave out any m5tion ( ! numb] ( *airs !re are 9 ! room1 or ( ! fact t ! front door is ( oak1 s9ce ^? details might be true ( any l>ge public room4 ,b y mu/ n fail to notice & to rem>k on ! /illness ( ! place1--p walk+ ab\t v quietly & talk+ 9 :isp]s1 /&+ close to ea* o!r1--= t is "o ( ! ?+s :i* di/+ui%es a libr>y f o!r places4 ,s1 9 writ+ ( bo? a h&some /reet & an alleyway1 y w\ld be tell+ ! tru? if y said t !y 7 bo? pav$ & _h a gutt] on ea* side1 b y w\ld n be mak+ a picture1 z y w\ld if y spoke ( batt]$ a% b>rels & hungry cats 9 ! alley1 & ( beautiful lawns & pretty romp+ *ildr5 9 ! h&some /reet4 ,9 obs]v+ ! sc5e y wi% to describe1 y %\ld notice ev]y?+1 look+ at a sight long famili> to y ) ! /eady gaze y _h to give 9 ord] to see :at is really on a po/age /amp or a doll> bill4 ,y w f9d t y h look$ at ! view f y\r w9d[ ) ! same c>eless1 vacant1 abs5t gaze1 lack+ real att5tion1 & t y ne$ to fix y\r m9d on obs]v+ a l&scape or a sc5e1 be=e y take 9 a great _m details t are ess5tial4 ,b :5 y come to writ+1 y %\ld ?9k ( ea* detail be=e y use x1 to see if x br+s ! picture out m cle>ly4 #c4 ,use "s device = express+ ! relation betwe5 ! diff]5t p>ts ( y\r picture4 ,?is is usually done by employ+ complex s5t5ces made up by means ( connect+ l9ks1 su* z ne> :i*1 above :i*1 ar\nd :i*1 etc41 & by us+ su* phrases z f>!r (f1 ne>] by1 close at h&1 f> away1 9 ! di/ance1 high up1 directly bel[1 on ! o!r side1 beyond1 etc4 ,ex]cise #aab4--;,describe su* ( ! foll[+ z y\r tea*] may indicate3-- #a4 ,:at ,i see f my w9d[ at home1 at s*ool4 #b4 ,view f ! highe/ place to :i* ,i ev] climb$4 #c4 ,view f ! top ( our h\se4 #d4 ,! mo/ beautiful view ,i ev] saw4 #e4 ,h[ our /reet looks f our front /eps4 #f4 ,across ! mead[4 #g4 ,h[ my room looks f ! door4 #h4 ,! views 9 ! p>k ,i l be/4 #i4 ,view along a c\ntry road4 #aj4 ,trees along a village /reet4 #aa4 ,view along a /reet 9 a l>ge city4 #ab4 ,! inside ( our *ur* f :]e ,i sit4 #ac4 ,my class room f my seat4 #ad4 ,our kit*54 #ae4 ,! inside ( a b>n4 #af4 ,:at ,i c see f ! door ( a b>n4 #ag4 ,an alleyway 9 a city4 #ah4 ,view along ! mo/ beautiful /reet ,i "k4 #ai4 ,view f ! back ( a riv] or lake4 #bj4 ,imag9>y description ( ! view ,i %\ld l be/ to be able to see f my w9d[4 #ba4 ,h[ my room w\ld look if ,i c\ld h x exactly z ,i wi%$4 #bb4 ,! prettie/ p>lor ,i ev] saw4 #bc4 ,h[ ! inside ( a public libr>y looks f ! door4 #bd4 ,a view 9 ! woods 9 ! w9t]4 #be4 ,an or*>d 9 bloom4 #bf4 ,beside ! brook4 #bg4 ,9 ! m>ket4 #bh4 ,sc5e 9 a dep>tm5t /ore2 9 a hospital2 9 a re/aurant4 #bi4 ,a soda-wat] f\nta94 #cj4 ,a s& pile :]e *ildr5 h be5 play+ keep-h\se4 #ca4 ,any sc5e at a c\nty fair4 #fh4 ,description ( ,conditions4--,read ! foll[+ description3-- ,a cornfield 9 ,july is a hot place4 ,! soil is hot & dry2 ! w9d comes across ! lazily murmur+ leaves lad5 ) a w>m1 sick5+ smell drawn f ! rapidly gr[+1 broad-flung bann]s ( ! corn4 ,! sun1 ne>ly v]tical1 drops a flood ( dazzl+ light & heat ^u ! field1 ov] :i* ! cool %ad[s run1 only to make ! heat seem ! m int5se4--,,haml9 ,,g>l&3 ,ma9-travel$ ,roads4 ,! fir/ s5t5ce ( ?is p>agraph /ates ! fact t ! au?or wi%$ to convey to y4 ,all ! re/ is add$ to make ! conditions seem vivid to y1 to make y feel ! heat1 smell ! rank odor ( ! corn1 & he> ! murmur ( ! leaves4 ,y w notice t ?is is diff]5t f ! description 9 ! la/ lesson1 :]e y h be5 try+ to tell m]ely h[ a sc5e or object look$ to y1 to make a picture su* z an arti/ might pa9t4 ,"h y are made to notice odors1 motion1 noises1 & heat1--?+s t a pa9t] w\ld f9d x difficult to sugge/ 9 any picture4 ,?9k h[ diff]5t w\ld be ! effect ( int5se cold on a /reet 9 a big city or 9 ! he>t ( ! =e/1 & y w see t 9 ! effect ( giv5 conditions on all k9ds ( objects y h "o ( ! be/ me?ods ( portray+ a sc5e4 ,= in/ance1 9 bo? ! c\ntry & ! city ! rapid approa* ( a ?und]%[] is prec$$ by black cl\ds & a high w9d4 ,! diff]5ce lies 9 :at effect ^! ?+s h4 ,9 ! c\ntry1 ! w9d tosses ! trees wildly ab\t1 ro>s among ! bran*es1 scatt]s ! dry leaves 9 volleys4 ,9 ! city ! arrival ( a /orm is h]ald$ by a flapp+ ( awn+s1 little :irlw9ds ( du/1 cr[ds ( p hurry+ to %elt] or look+ up at ! sky1 & a ha/y removal indoors ( ev]y?+ t w\ld be spoil$ by ! ra94 ,ex]cise #aac4--;,9 treat+ su* ( ! foll[+ subjects z y\r tea*] may indicate1 try to notice odor1 noise1 & movem5t z well z =m1 color1 & position3-- #a4 ,a v cold day 9 a city /reet1 9 a b>ny>d full ( animals1 9 our class room1 on ! playgr\nd1 9 ! woods1 beside a riv] or brook1 on a /reet c>1 9 a railway tra91 at ! /ation4 #b4 ,a v ra9y day 9 our g>d51 9 summ]1 9 spr+1 9 autumn1 inside a b>n1 9 an attic1 9 a h5y>d1 9 a cr[d$ bus9ess /reet1 on a boat1 at ! door ( a dep>tm5t /ore1 or *ur*1 or !at]1 at a c\ntry fair1 at a picnic4 #c4 ,a sn[/orm 9 ! c\ntry1 9 ! city4 #d4 ,muddy walk+ on a c\ntry road1 9 a pl[$ field1 9 a city /reet1 on ! playgr\nd1 at ! door ( our s*ool4 #e4 ,a hot night on our piazza1 indoors1 9 a public squ>e1 9 ! woods1 9 a !at]1 9 a fl[] g>d51 9 ! /reet 9 front ( our h\se1 at a pleasure resort4 #f4 ,a high w9d 9 ! c\ntry1 9 ! city1 9 summ]1 9 autumn1 9 w9t]1 on ! h>bor or riv]1 at sea1 9 a tall t[]1 an attic 7?is ma9ly = s\nds71 9 a pa/ure full ( horses1 9 a gr\p ( p9e trees1 9 a cornfield1 9 a city p>k1 9 a city c\rt on wa% day4 ,ex]cise #aad4--;,z a class ex]cise1 try writ+ on "s "o subject & comp>+ ! results4 ,see :o has be5 able to produce ! cle>e/ impression & :y 8 description is successful4 ,! subjects %\ld be only ^? ( :i* ! :ole class has an equal k1 e4g4 description ( "s public p]son :o has address$ ! s*ool2 ( ! walk to s*ool on a sn[y1 ra9y1 or hot day1 ( ! playgr\nd at recess "t1 ( ! aspect ( ! halls directly aft] s*ool is dismiss$1 ( ! s*oolroom1 ( any incid5t :i* all ! pupils saw1 a fire 9 ! neighborhood1 etc4 #fi4 ,description by ,contra/4--,ano!r excell5t device 9 description is contra/4 ,= in/ance1 if y wi% to describe ! effect made by a day 9 ! woods :5 ra9 has froz5 9 fall+ & has coat$ ev]y?+ ) ice1 y might beg9 by mak+ a brief picture ( su* a day 9 ! city1--e "o slipp+ uncom=tably1 horses /ra9+ pa9fully to keep _! foot+1 ! :eels ( /reet c>s revolv+ uselessly on an ice-coat$ track2 & !n sudd5ly transf] y\r description to ! woods1 :]e ! trees are z ?\gh made ( glass1 e little twig a prism to reflect light1 & :]e ! bits ( ice fall+ f ! trees t9kle l brok5 glass on ! froz5 sn[4 ,ex]cise #aae4--;,describe1 by contra/+ ) ea* o!r3-- #a4 ,a heavy draught horse & a race horse4 #b4 ,a canoe & a raft4 #c4 ,a ,newf\ndl& dog & a pug dog4 #d4 ,y\r class room :5 e "o is busy & quietly /udy+1 :5 e "o is j go+ away1 & :5 x is des]t$ aft] s*ool h\rs4 #e4 ,! kit*5 ( y\r h\se on diff]5t occasions1--wa%+1 iron+1 j be=e d9n]1 j aft] a c&y pull1 aft] ! "w is all done1 on a ,sunday aft]noon4 #f4 ,a !at] full ( p & bright ) lights1 aft]w>d d>k5$ & des]t$ except = clean+ wom54 #g4 ,our g>d5 at diff]5t times ( ye>1--9 spr+1 :5 plant+ is be+ done2 :5 ,i am we$+ x on a hot day 9 summ]2 :5 ev]y?+ is ripe 9 autumn2 9 w9t]1 sn[-cov]$4 #h4 ,a groc]'s %op 9 e>ly morn+ ) a sleepy boy sweep+ out1 & lat] :5 full ( cu/om]s & cl]ks4 #i4 ,an apple tree 9 blossom2 9 autumn ) ripe fruit2 9 w9t]4 #aj4 ,a brook or riv] froz5 ov] ) skat]s on x1 & 9 midsumm] ) swimm]s1 etc4 #aa4 ,! r\te ,i g5]ally take to & f s*ool1--9 ! morn+ 7o!r pupils go+ to s*ool2 bus9ess m5 go+ to _! (fices2 but*]'s c>ts & groc]y & ice wagons72 9 ! aft]noon 7nurses out ) babies1 ladies call+1 *ildr5 at play1 etc474 #ab4 ,a public squ>e 9 its ord9>y aspect1 & on ! ,f\r? ( ,july1 or ,decoration ,day1 or ,election ,night4 #ac4 ,a dep>tm5t /ore full ( %opp]s j be=e ,*ri/mas1 & e>ly 9 ! morn+ on a hot summ] day1 ) only ! cl]ks & a few cu/om]s4 #ad4 ,a railway /ation1 quiet & des]t$1 ) only a few travel]s wait+ sil5tly1 & :5 an important tra9 arrives1 br++ a cr[d ( pass5g]s4 #gj4 ,description ( ,ev5ts4--,9 ! extract giv5 bel[ !re is a c]ta9 am\nt ( def9ite in=mation convey$1 9 addition to ! pictures pres5t$4 ,sl[ly & m\rnfully !y c>ri$ 8 embalm$ body 9 a procession ( great /ate to ,p>is1 & !nce to ,r\51 :]e 8 que5 01 f :om ! sad intellig5ce ( 8 dea? 0 conceal$ until he _h be5 dead "s days4 ,!nce1 ly+ on a b$ ( crimson & gold1 ) a gold5 cr[n ^u 8 head & a gold5 ball & scept] ly+ 9 ! n]veless h&s1 !y c>ri$ him to ,calais1 ) su* a great ret9ue z seem$ to dye ! road black4 ,! ,k+ ( ,scotl& act$ z *ief m\rn]1 all ! ,royal ,h\sehold foll[$2 ! knights wore black armor & black plumes ( fea!rs1 cr[ds ( m5 bore tor*es1 mak+ ! night z light z day2 & ! wid[$ ,pr9cess foll[$ la/ ( all4 ,at ,calais !re 0 a fleet ( %ips to br+ ! fun]al ho/ to ,dov]2 & s1 by way ( ,london ,bridge1 :]e ! s]vice = ! dead 0 *ant$ z x pass$ along1 !y br\ght ! body to ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 & !re buri$ x ) great respect4--,,*>les ,,dick5s3 ,a ,*ild's ,hi/ory ( ,engl&4 ,an acc\nt ( almo/ any happ5+1 cu/om1 or fe/ival mu/ be told 9 ?is way1 ) an eye bo? to /at+ facts cle>ly & at ! same "t to mak+ !m seem lifelike4 ,?is sort ( ex]cise is h>d] ?an any?+ y h yet tri$1 = y mu/ be at once complete & full 9 y\r acc\nt & yet mu/ cont9ue to g on 9 ! sort ( picture mak+ y h be5 practic+4 ,9 a way1 ?is is almo/ a return to "s ( ! ex]cises 9 n>rative :i* y h _h1 s9ce a description ( sev]al happ5+s 9 ord] ( "t is really a n>rative4 ,at any rate1 9 try+ ?is sort ( description y are l a p]son :o has be5 le>n+ to play ! piano1 fir/ ) ! "r h& & !n ) ! left1 & f9ally ) bo? toge!r 9 a simple b complete melody4 ,y are to keep 9 m9d t y h two aims 9 view3 to be z full z is necess>y to give an accurate idea ( ! facts1 & to attempt to pres5t a picture4 ,ex]cise #aaf4--;,describe accurately1 z ?\gh = a newspap] or magaz9e1 b try+ to reproduce "s ( ! ess5tial *>act]s ( ! ev5t3-- ,a fire drill 9 y\r s*ool2 h[ y celebrate ,f\r? ( ,july1 ,?anksgiv+1 ,hall[e'en1 ,new ,ye>'s ,day2 lay+ ! corn] /one ( a new build+2 ! procession ( ! vet]ans on ,decoration ,day2 a political p>ade or meet+2 a w$d+2 a fun]al2 ! p>ade ( ! ,fire ,dep>tm5t2 a play or ent]ta9m5t giv5 by y\r s*ool4 #ga4 ,picture ,mak+ ( ,sc5es ( ,action4--,"h1 in/ead ( describ+ some?+ /ation>y1 l a h\se or l&scape1 ! writ] has tak5 "o mom5t ( a sc5e ( action1 & has attempt$ to make1 z x 71 a snap%ot photograph ( x4 ,to-day ! l>ge side doors 7 ?r[n op5 t[>d ! sun to admit a beautiful light to ! imm$iate spot ( ! %e>]s' op]ations1 :i* 0 ! wood ?re%+ floor 9 ! c5t]1 =m$ ( ?ick oak1 black ) age4 ,"h ! %e>]s knelt1 ! sun slant+ 9 on _! blea*$ %irts1 tann$ arms1 & ! poli%$ %e>s !y fl\ri%$1 caus+ !m to bri/le ) a ?\s& rays /rong en\gh to bl9d a weak-ey$ man4 ,b5ea? !m a captive %eep lay pant+1 increas+ ! rapidity ( its pants z misgiv+ m]g$ 9 t]ror1 till x quiv]$ l ! hot l&scape outside4--,,?omas ,,h>dy3 ,f> f ! ,madd+ ,cr[d4 ,all ! pa9t]s ( hi/orical pictures try 9 ! same way to pa9t "o mom5t ( a well-kn[n incid5t1 & !y select "s significant mom5t2 t is1 "o :]e ! action tells some?+ ( ! /ory involv$4 ,ex]cise #aag4--;,i4 ,imag9e t y are ab\t to pa9t a picture ( any "o ( ! foll[+ sc5es1 & describe :at comes into y\r m9d :5 y ?9k ( ! incid5t4 ,d n tell ! /ory--simply describe ! sc5e at a giv5 mom5t4 #a4 ,columbus sight+ l&4 #b4 ,columbus l&+4 #c4 ,! burial ( ,de ,soto4 #d4 ,pocohontas sav+ ! life ( ,john ,smi?4 #e4 ,p5n mak+ a treaty ) ! ,indians4 #f4 ,a sc5e 9 ! attack on ,braddock by ,indian skirmi%]s4 #g4 ,an night attack by ,indians on a colonial settlem5t4 #h4 ,! discov]y ( ,major ,&r4 #i4 ,k+ ,alfr$ & ! cakes4 #aj4 ,! ra9 ( manna on ! ,*ildr5 ( ,israel4 ,,ii4 ,try 9 ! foll[+ subjects to make a picture :i* w\ld s]ve z illu/ration to a /ory4 ,see if y c make ! picture recognizable1 s t y\r classmates c tell :at ! /ory is f ! "o sc5e f x :i* y pres5t !m4 #a4 ,horatius at ! bridge4 #b4 ,! ,sleep+ ,beauty4 #c4 ,william ,tell & ! apple4 #d4 ,c9d]ella try+ on ! slipp]4 #e4 ,ivanhoe & ,rebecca dur+ ! progress ( ! battle :i* ,rebecca is describ+4 #f4 ,ulysses1 return$ to ,i?aca1 is recogniz$ by 8 old dog ,argus4 #g4 ,uncle ,remus tell+ /ories to ! little boy4 #h4 ,b>b>a ,friet*ie4 #i4 ,rob9son ,crusoe & ! footpr9ts4 ,"h is a description1 by ,p>kman1 ( ! robb+ ( a tra9 ( pack horses c>ry+ valuable goods4 ,advanc+ deep] among ! m\nta9s1 !y began to desc5d ! valley at ! foot ( ,sidl+ ,hill4 ,! lad5 horses plodd$ knee-deep 9 sn[4 ,! m\nta9s t[]$ above ! wayf>]s 9 gray desolation1 & ! leafless =e/ h[l$ dre>y music to ! w9d ( ,m>*4 ,sudd5ly1 f beh9d sn[-bepla/]$ trunks & %aggy bu%es ( ev]gre51 unc\? app>itions />t$ into view4 ,wild visages protrud$1 grotesquely horrible ) v]milion & o*]1 :ite lead & soot2 /alw>t limbs appe>$1 encas$ 9 bucksk92 & ru/y rifles ?ru/ out _! long muzzles4 ,9 front & flank & all ar\nd !m :ite puffs ( smoke & %>p reports assail$ ! bewild]$ s5ses ( ! travel]s4--,,francis ,,p>kman3 ,! ,conspiracy ( ,pontiac4 ,) ?is description y are aga9 almo/ back to n>ration4 ,! extract pres5ts two pictures1 & 9 s do+1 relates a /ory4 ,?is way ( tell+ a /ory by a succession ( pictures is a favorite "o ) comic illu/rators1 b x is also us$ v (t5 9 writ+1 al?\gh 9 a real n>ration explanatory matt] is add$ betwe5 ! sc5es4 ,ex]cise #aah4--,! foll[+ topics are giv5 z subjects = description only1 & y are to try to give z vivid a picture ( ! two sc5es z y c1 lett+ ! /ory tell itself by inf]5ce4 #a4 ,boys skat+ at top spe$ along a riv] ) a pack ( wolves 9 ! di/ance4 ,a camp ( wood *opp]s beside ! riv]1 a fire burn+1 ! boys fall5 exhau/$1 & m5 />t+ up ) guns 9 _! h&s4 #b4 ,p on a raft wav+ coats & h&k]*iefs wildly4 ,on bo>d a big ocean /eam]1 ) pass5g]s ga!r$ ar\nd ! gr\p ( rescu$ ca/aways4 #c4 ,a ,*ri/mas tree inside a ri*ly furni%$ room ) well-dress$ *ildr5 ga!r$ ar\nd x4 ,outside 9 ! sn[ a gr\p ( poor *ildr5 look+ 9 at ! w9d[4 #d4 ,a boy ) a swoll5 jaw 9 ! d5ti/'s *air4 ,a gr\p ( small] *ildr5 to :om ! boy pr\dly holds up a too?4 #e4 ,a h5 call+ wildly to h] *ick5s & try+ to cov] !m ) h] w+s1 & a f>m] runn+ up ) a gun4 ,! f>m] has 8 gun 9 "o h&1 & ) ! o!r holds up a big h5-hawk = a gr\p ( p to see4 #f4 ,a /reet ) ev]ybody runn+ 9 "o direction1 po9t+ ahead4 ,a h\se on fire ) firem5 climb+ up on ladd]s4 #g4 ,a family assembl$ at ! d9n] table 9 ! ev5+ quietly talk+ toge!r4 ,a man taps on ! w9d[ pane outside2 e "o />ts up 9 surprise & great pleasure1 z if he 7 a relative return$ f travels4 #h4 ,a gr\p ( wom5 ga!r$ at ! end ( a pi] on a /ormy night1 /ra9+ _! eyes anxi\sly out to sea4 ,a fi%]man return+ up ! bea*1 at e>ly dawn1 ) a net full ( fi% on 8 back4 ,9 ! backgr\nd a small h\se ) *ildr5 runn+ out to meet him4 #gb4 ,travel4--,x is h>d to draw a def9ite l9e betwe5 descriptive writ+ & n>rative writ+1 s9ce description is v (t5 ne$$ to make a n>ration int]e/+1 & sometimes to make x complete4 ,!re is "o k9d ( composition :]e ! two me?ods ( writ+ are ne$$ 9 almo/ equal quantities1 & t is 9 /ories ( travel4 ,9 writ+ an acc\nt ( a j\rney1 y h a di/9ct /ory to tell1 s9ce y are n>rat+ a s]ies ( ev5ts t took place "o aft] ! o!r2 b )\t description ( :at y saw ! acc\nt is sc>cely wor? writ+ at all4 ,y\r aim is to give y\r read] a cle> idea ( ! c\rse ( y\r j\rney1 & y c only d ?is by a comb9ation ( n>ration & description1 by tell+ :at happ5$ & !n by try+ to make a picture ( ! ev5t4 ,s t !re are two ma9 ?+s to rememb] 9 writ+ ( travel3 fir/1 to make y\r j\rney cle> & intelligible by foll[+ ! "t-ord] 9 y\r n>ration1 & by recollect+ all ! important /ages ( ! trip2 &1 second1 to select = description ! mo/ int]e/+ incid5ts or places :i* y saw1 & to write ( !m z vividly & picturesquely z possible4 ,! roads 7 gay e>ly next morn+ :5 we />t$1 = x 0 m>ket day1 & ! c\ntry p 7 flock+ into t[n1 "s driv+ _! pigs1 "s rid+ donkeys ) calfsk9 saddles adorn$ ) little r$ tassels2 ! wom5 we>+ high-cr[n$ hats ) bright h&k]*iefs ti$ on und]nea?1 & bright cotton %awls2 ! m5 ) br[n-&-:ite-/rip$ blankets gracefully ?r[n ov] ! %\ld]1 & 9 _! h&s long1 brass-tipp$ /aves4 ,mo/ ( ! wom5 _h l>ge gold e>r+s1 & "s ( !m1 9 addition1 gold *a9s & crosses & filigree he>t-%ap$ p5dants4 ,we met pres5tly a troop ( fi%wom5 runn+ at full spe$ to cat* ! m>ket1 _! baskets balanc$ on _! heads4 ,_! e>r+s 7 hoop-%ap$1 & _! skirts %ort & tuck$ up1 & !y _h embroid]$ purses hang+ at ! side4 ,! fi%]m5 we ov]took a little lat]1 go+ back t[>d ! sea ) _! nets4 ,all _h "t to t\* _! caps & say ,good day1 = civility to /rang]s is ! rule 9 ,portugal4 ,"h & !re 7 *ildr5 m9d+ goats "u ! %ade ( ! olives4 ,no idl]s1 no begg>s 7 to be se54 ,at noon we came to ,alcobaa1 & walk$ ?r\gh ! t[n to ! great abbey *ur* ( ! ,ci/]cians4 ,! m>ket 0 go+ on outside x4 ,gayly dress$ wom5 presid$ ov] heaps ( maize & oranges & eggs4 ,/r+s ( donkeys 7 ti$ up by ! wall4 ,a sc>let-rob$ acolyte walk$ among/ ! p collect+ alms4 ,a broad flight ( /eps l$ up to ! great door4 ,inside all is v simple & gr&--a vault$ ro(1 r[s ( sl5d] columns1 no pictures or tawdry decorations to be se54 ,n[ & !n1 n v (t51 a woman w\ld come 9 f ! busy m>ket place & kneel to say a sil5t pray]4444 ,we visit$ ! conv5t :]e ,beck=d _h liv$1 & saw its great til$ kit*5 & its beautiful cloi/]s1 & !n w5t back to ! inn to lun*1 :]e we enjoy$ above all a lib]al di% ( gre5 peas--gre5 /ill 9 our memories4 ,we drove on ?r\gh pleasant fields & v9ey>ds1 cat*+ sight n[ & !n ( ! di/ant sea1 &1 sudd5ly com+ to an op5 space ?r\gh ! trees1 we saw be=e u ! great memorial *ur* ( ,batalha1 ! ,battle ,abbey ( ,portugal1 its p9nacles & ! delicate lace "w ( its ro( /&+ out aga9/ ! cle> blue sky4 ,x /&s q alone1 except = ! h&ful ( r$-til$ h\ses t =m ! village1 & f its ro( y look d[n1 n on ! smoke & turmoil ( human habitations1 b on gre5 fields & slopes & olive trees2 & "u its walls no troops ( begg>s1 or pleasure seek]s1 or *att]+ m]*ants di/urb ! /illness4 ,"o only ,i saw !re1 sitt+ ne> ! door "u ! %ade ( a bright-color$ umbrella1 a heap ( pott]y at h] feet = sale1 & a donkey ti$ up close by2 b h] *ild _h fall5 asleep 9 h] arms1 & %e did n move or speak4 ,inside1 also1 all 0 quiet1 & we c\ld enjoy its beauty--! long aisles1 ! endless columns1 ! exquisite cloi/]s1 :]e ! fanta/ic & v>i$ /one trac]ies contra/ ) ! qua9t =mal g>d5 ) its box-edg$ b$s1 9 :i* are set roses1 & peonies1 & columb9es4444 ,we le>n$ t ! *ur* 0 f\nd$ 9 #achg by ! great ,k+ ,joao soon aft] ! fight+ ( ! decisive victory :i* x commemorates1 & t !re is a d\bt z to ! ar*itect employ$1 :e!r he 0 an ,iri%man nam$ ,hackett1 or ano!r4 ,i am all = ! ,iri%man1 b hope he 0 n also responsible = ! idea ( lay+ ! f\ndations 9 ?is holl[1 :]e ! wat] lies :5 ! w9t] floods beg94 ,we tri$ to f9d out1 ?r\gh ,antonio1 h[ high ! wat] actually rises1 b he w\ld only wave 8 h&s def]5tially & say1 z ?\gh he _h be5 "o ( ,canute's c\rti]s1 ,z high z y please1 sir4 ,t night we slept at ,leiria4 ,! inn is ov] a /able1 & "o room looks out on a pigg]y & ano!r on a f[l y>d4 ,we said f>ewell to our mules1 & took ! tra9 aga9 at ,pombal1 int]e/+ *iefly f its association ) ! great eighte5?-c5tury /atesman ( ! same "n4 ,we look out f ! railway c>riage on level mead[s1 purple ) vip]s' bugloss1 bord]+ ! ,mondego1 & !n across a b5d ( ! riv] :]e x is broade/ we see ,coimbra1 ! ,ox=d ( ,portugal1 an anci5t & beautiful city1 beautifully set on a hillside4 ,b>e-head$1 black-rob$ /ud5ts fill ! /reets1 & sw>m 9 & out ( ! doors ( ! univ]sity4 ,! /reets are /eep & n>r[1 & "h & !re are unexpect$ g>d5s & blossom+ ,judas trees4--,,lady ,,gregory3 ,?r\gh ,portugal4 ,ex]cise #aai4--,write1 ei!r 9 lett] =m or z a composition1 an acc\nt ( any j\rney y h tak54 ,x is bett] to select a small "p ( a trip1 & describe t q completely1 ?an to try to cov] a long j\rney4 ,a day's excursion1 if x is int]e/+1 is en\gh z a rule = "o ex]cise1 al?\gh ?is is by no means an inv>iable rule4 ,! foll[+ subjects are giv5 z suitable = travel compositions1 or z sugge/+ o!rs3-- #a4 ,our trip to ! c\nty fair4 #b4 ,! j\rney ,i took ! fir/ "t ,i saw ! ocean4 #c4 ,h[ we g away = ! summ]3 pack+ up1 leav+ ! h\se1 ! j\rney ) pet animals1 etc41 arrival4 #d4 ,a trip t %\ld h be5 v %ort1 b 0 made long by an accid5t4 #e4 ,h[ we g fi%+1 hunt+1 /udy+ birds4 #f4 ,! trip to ! greate/ natural curiosity ,i ev] saw2 a cave2 hang+ cliff2 wat]fall1 etc4 #gc4 ,descriptions ( an ,h\r4--,:5 y write an acc\nt ( a j\rney1 y are tell+ all ! int]e/+ ev5ts t occurr$ 9 y\r life on a c]ta9 day or days1 or 9 a c]ta9 numb] ( h\rs4 ,n[ y d n ne$ to travel to h int]e/+ ?+s happ5 to y1 & a lively & picturesque acc\nt ( y\r do+s = an aft]noon or a morn+ may be extremely readable1 al?\gh p]haps y did n /ir f "o room4 ,y w be q surpris$ to see h[ _m ?+s y d1 or any "o else does1 9 a %ort space ( "t4 ,! foll[+ passage f ,david ,copp]field is an acc\nt ( h[ an und]done leg ( mutton 0 made palatable aft] x _h come to ! table4 ,no subject c\ld be simpl]1 & yet x is treat$ 9 s lively a way t x is v ent]ta9+4 ,!re 0 a gridiron 9 ! pantry1 on :i* my morn+ ra%] ( bacon 0 cook$4 ,we _h x 91 9 a tw9kl+1 & imm$iately appli$ ourselves to c>ry+ ,mr4 ,micawb]'s idea into effect4 ,! division ( labor to :i* he _h ref]r$ 0 ?is3 ,traddles cut ! mutton into slices2 ,mr4 ,micawb] 7:o c\ld d any?+ ( ?is sort to p]fection7 cov]$ !m ) pepp]1 mu/>d1 salt1 & cay5ne2 ,i put !m on ! gridiron1 turn$ !m ) a =k1 & took !m (f1 "u ,mr4 ,micawb]'s direction2 & ,mrs4 ,micawb] heat$1 & cont9ually /irr$1 "s mu%room ket*up 9 a little saucepan4 ,:5 we _h slices en\gh to beg9 ^u1 we fell to1 ) our sleeves /ill tuck$ up at ! wri/s1 m slices sputt]+ & blaz+ on ! fire1 & our att5tion divid$ betwe5 ! mutton on our plates1 & ! mutton !n prep>+4 ,:at ) ! novelty ( ?is cook]y1 ! excell5ce ( x1 ! bu/le ( x1 ! frequ5t />t+ up to look aft] x1 ! frequ5t sitt+ d[n to dispose ( x z ! crisp slices came (f ! gridiron hot & hot1 ! be+ s busy1 s flu%$ ) ! fire1 s amus$1 & 9 ! mid/ ( su* a tempt+ noise & savor1 we r$uc$ ! leg ( mutton to ! bone4 ,my own appetite came back miracul\sly4 ,i am a%am$ to record x1 b ,i really believe ,i =got ,dora = a little :ile4 ,traddles laugh$ he>tily almo/ ! :ole "t1 z he ate & work$4 ,inde$ we all did1 all at once2 & ,i d>e say !re nev] 0 a great] success4 ,we 7 at ! height ( our enjoym5t1 & 7 all busily engag$1 9 our sev]al dep>tm5ts1 endeavor+ to br+ ! la/ bat* ( slices to a /ate ( p]fection t %\ld cr[n ! fea/1 :5 ,i 0 aw>e ( a /range pres5ce 9 ! room1 & my eyes enc\nt]$ ^? ( ! /aid ,littim]1 /&+ hat 9 h& be=e me4--,,*>les ,,dick5s3 ,david ,copp]field4 ,ex]cise #abj4--;,i4 ,take a piece ( pap] & try to note d[n ev]y?+ a baby ( six or eight mon?s does = a half an h\r :5 he is wide awake & active4 ,or take simil> notes ( all t a two-ye>-old *ild does 9 an h\r's play2 or wat* a kitt5 amuse itself1 & try to write an acc\nt ( x t w give y\r read] "s idea ( ! gay frolics ( ! little animal4 ,if y c f9d a colony ( ants1 _! movem5ts w give y good mat]ial = ?is sort ( composition2 or a pair ( birds build+ a ne/1 or a cr[d ( little *ildr5 play+4 ,,ii4 ,9 ! same way1 write on any ( ! foll[+ subjects3-- #a4 ,! /ory ( a convalesc5t's aft]noon4 #b4 ,! /ory ( "o day 9 h\se-clean+ "t4 #c4 ,:at we d on ,sunday aft]noon4 #d4 ,! fir/ day at s*ool aft] a vacation4 #e4 ,our s*ool picnic4 #f4 ,two h\rs sp5t at a junction1 wait+ = a delay$ tra9--h[ we amus$ ourselves4 #g4 ,! fir/ "t ,i ev] rode horseback or tri$ to sail a boat4 #h4 ,! cook's la/ fifte5 m9utes be=e d9n] is s]v$4 #i4 ,an h\r 9 a dep>tm5t /ore4 #aj4 ,a visit to a fl\r mill1 blacksmi? %op1 l>ge bak]y1 c&y factory1 or any manufactory4 #aa4 ,an aft]noon sp5t j z ,i %\ld l x be/4 #ab4 ,:at a c\ntry boy does to amuse himself 9 two leisure h\rs2 a city boy4 #ac4 ,! h>de/ h\r's "w ,i ev] did4 #ad4 ,! h\r on a f>m sp5t 9 fe$+ ! animals4 #ae4 ,h[ we hurri$ to cat* ! morn+ tra94 #af4 ,! half h\r :5 ,i tri$ to amuse ! baby4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,n>ration 7,cont9u$7 #gd4 ,hi/orical ,/ories4--,9 writ+ on ! subjects giv5 bel[1 y are to try to make a complete /ory1 includ+ ! dialogue betwe5 ! pr9cipal *>act]s1 :at descriptions ( sc5]y or p or h\ses y ?9k are ne$$ to make y\r picture vivid & y\r p]sons real1 & :at explanation ( conditions or surr\nd+s are necess>y to make ! action intelligible4 ,once ^u a "t a wor?y m]*ant ( ,london1 nam$ ,gilb]t ,becket1 made a pilgrimage to ! ,holy ,l&1 & 0 tak5 prison] by a ,s>ac5 "l4 ,?is "l1 :o treat$ him k9dly & n l a slave1 _h "o fair daught]1 :o fell 9 love ) ! m]*ant2 & :o told him t %e want$ to become a ,*ri/ian1 & 0 will+ to m>ry him if !y c\ld fly to a ,*ri/ian c\ntry4 ,! m]*ant return$ h] love1 until he f\nd an opportunity to escape1 :5 he did n tr\ble himself ab\t ! ,s>ac5 lady1 b escap$ ) 8 s]vant ,ri*>d1 :o _h be5 tak5 prison] along ) him1 & arriv$ 9 ,engl& & =got h]4 ,! ,s>ac5 lady1 :o 0 m lov+ ?an ! m]*ant1 left h] fa!r's h\se 9 disguise to foll[ him1 & made h] way1 "u _m h>d%ips1 to ! sea%ore4 ,! m]*ant _h taught h] only two ,engli% words 7= ,i suppose he mu/ h le>nt ! ,s>ac5 tongue himself1 & made love 9 t language71 ( :i* ,london 0 "o1 & 8 own "n1 ,gilb]t1 ! o!r4 ,%e w5t among ! %ips say+1 ,london6 ,london6 ov] & ov] aga91 until ! sailors und]/ood t %e want$ to f9d an ,engli% vessel t w\ld c>ry h] !re2 s !y %[$ h] su* a %ip1 & %e paid = h] passage ) "s ( h] jewels1 & sail$ away4 ,well6 ,! m]*ant 0 sitt+ 9 8 c\nt+ h\se 9 ,london "o day1 :5 he he>d a great noise 9 ! /reet2 & pres5tly ,ri*>d came runn+ 9 f ! w>eh\se ) 8 eyes wide op5 & 8 brea? almo/ gone1 say+1 ,ma/]1 ma/]1 "h is ! ,s>ac5 lady6 ,! m]*ant ?\ght ,ri*>d 0 mad2 b ,ri*>d said1 ,no1 ma/]6 ,z ,i live1 ! ,s>ac5 lady is go+ up & d[n ! city1 call+ ',gilb]t6 ,gilb]t6' ,!n he took ! m]*ant by ! sleeve & po9t$ out a w9d[2 & !re !y saw h] among ! gables & wat]sp\ts ( ! d>k1 dirty /reets1 9 h] =eign dress1 s =lorn1 surr\nd$ by a wond]+ cr[d1 & pass+ sl[ly along1 call+ ,gilb]t6 ,gilb]t6 ,:5 ! m]*ant saw h] & ?\ght ( ! t5d]ness %e _h %[n him 9 8 captivity1 & ( h] con/ancy1 8 he>t 0 mov$1 & he ran d[n into ! /reet2 & %e saw him com+1 & ) a great cry fa9t$ 9 8 arms4 ,!y 7 m>ri$ )\t loss ( "t1 & ,ri*>d 7:o 0 an excell5t man7 danc$ ) joy ! :ole day ( ! w$d+2 & !y all liv$ happily ev] aft]w>d4 ,?is m]*ant & ! ,s>ac5 lady _h "o son1 ,?omas ,becket4 ,he x 0 :o became ! favorite ( ,k+ ,h5ry ! ,second4--,,*>les ,,dick5s3 ,a ,*ild's ,hi/ory ( ,engl&4 ,read ?is ov] v c>efully & note ! con/ruction ( x4 ,! fir/ half is pla9 n>ration1 su* z y h employ$ 9 hi/orical writ+1 9 fables1 etc41 b ! second half is embelli%$ n>ration1 or a report ( facts t at ! same "t gives y a lifelike picture ( h[ !y took place4 ,aft] tell+ y ! fir/ half ( 8 /ory )\t description1 or any attempt to make y see ! sc5es1 ,dick5s gives y a complete & /rik+ picture ( ! la/ "p ( ! action4 ,x is by no means always be/ to adopt ?is me?od 9 /ory tell+1 b 9 re-tell+ hi/orical /ories x is (t5 a good plan1 s9ce frequ5tly y\r read] ne$s a brief explanation ( :at ! g5]al conditions are be=e he c really und]/& ! tale y wi% to tell him4 ,= in/ance1 9 writ+ ! /ory ( ,rob9 ,hood = a little boy1 y w\ld ne$ to expla9 "s ( ! conditions ( ,engl& at t "t1 s t y\r read] w\ld n ?9k ( him z a common ?ief & poa*]4 ,ex]cise #aba4--,look up ! facts ab\t any ( ! foll[+ subjects1 ?9k !m ov]1 make ! p]sons & sc5es real to y\r own m9d1 & write z ?\gh try+ to make ! /ory cle>1 intelligible1 int]e/+1 & vivid to a boy or girl eight ye>s old4 #a4 ,rob9 ,hood4 #b4 ,william ,tell & 8 little son4 #c4 ,k+ ,alfr$ & ! cakes4 #d4 ,john ,smi? & ,pocohontas4 #e4 ,! y\? ( ,hannibal & 8 v[ ( rev5ge on ! ,romans4 #f4 ,leonidas & ! ,sp>tans at ,!rmopyl4 #g4 ,na?an ,hale's capture & dea?4 #h4 ,! ,spani% ,armada4 #i4 ,guy ,fawkes & 8 conspiracy4 #aj4 ,! /ory ( ,m>cus ,curtius4 #aa4 ,dick ,:itt+ton4 ,all ^! subjects h be5 select$ because !y naturally sugge/ to y\r m9d "o vivid & dramatic picture t[>d ! end1 s t y c take z a model ! /ory ( ,gilb]t ,becket4 ,aft] y h /udi$ ! facts ( ea* /ory1 see if a picture does n rise be=e y ( ! mo/ excit+ or *>act]i/ic mom5t ( ! action4 ,!n try to make ?is picture real to y\r read] by ! be/ & mo/ spirit$ description y c write4 ,put y\rself 9 ! place ( ! p]sons ( ! incid5t y are relat+1 & try to see ! sc5e & feel :at naturally w\ld move y4 ,ex]cise #abb4--,re-tell ! foll[+ well-kn[n /ories1 select+ two or ?ree incid5ts = p>ticul>ly detail$ & c>eful treatm5t4 ,*oose ^? t appeal to y z af=d+ a good *ance ei!r = animat$ dialogue1 :i* is an excell5t means ( mak+ a sc5e lifelike1 or = description :i* %all make ! p]sons & action seem m real4 ,nev] put 9 any description = its own sake1--only s mu* z w help to int]e/ y\r read] & make him feel & see ! incid5ts ( y\r /ory4 ,9 ^! /ories1 tak5 f well-kn[n poems1 be c>eful n to let y\rself be influ5c$ by ! words ( ! poem4 ,?9k ( ! /ory z ap>t f its poetic expression1 & write x 9 y\r own language4 #a4 ,ulysses & ! ,cyclops4 #b4 ,ulysses & ! ,sir5s4 #c4 ,ulysses's arrival at home4 #d4 ,iphig5ia4 #e4 ,! ,pi$ ,pip] ( ,haml94 #f4 ,! /ory ( ! wood5 horse 9 ! siege ( ,troy4 #g4 ,jason & ! ,gold5 ,fleece4 #h4 ,! /ory ( ,pegasus & ,bell]ophon4 #i4 ,! ,"o-,hoss ,%ay4 #aj4 ,! ,falcon4 #aa4 ,john ,gilp9's ,ride4 #ab4 ,paul ,rev]e's ,ride4 #ac4 ,yuss\f 7,james ,russell ,l[ell74 #ad4 ,h]v ,riel 7,br[n+74 #ae4 ,a /ory f ! ,bible1 su* z t ( ,david & ,golia?4 #ge4 ,fictiti\s ,/ories4--,9 writ+ on ! subjects ( ! prec$+ lesson y h be5 us+ mat]ial furni%$ y by hi/ory or by poetry4 ,! f9al /ep 9 /ory writ+ is (t5 consid]$ to be ! inv5tion ( ! mat]ial f :i* y weave y\r tale2 b1 z a matt] ( fact1 few writ]s actually inv5t _! mat]ial4 ,:at is usually meant by inv5tion 9 /ory tell+ is p[] to see ! /ory :i* lies 9 ! ev5ts ( e day4 ,a small incid5t1 if y int]e/ y\rself 9 x1 w be ( int]e/ to a read]4 ,once :5 ,john ,burr\ghs 0 fi%+ on a lake1 a m\se ran up 8 o> into ! boat1 sat !re = a few mom5ts1 & !n swam back to %ore4 ,y c\ld sc>cely imag9e a less excit+ adv5ture1 & yet see :at a *>m+ little n>rative he has made ( x1 mak+ y almo/ feel t y h held ! g5tle little creature 9 y\r h&1 & ar\s+ s mu* sympa?y = x 9 y\r m9d t y are g5u9ely glad to ?9k x 0 able to return safely to l&3-- ,i met "o ( ^! mice 9 my travels "o day "u peculi> conditions4 ,he 0 on 8 travels also1 & we met 9 ! middle ( a m\nta9 lake4 ,i 0 ca/+ my fly !re1 :5 ,i saw1 j sket*$ or et*$ ^u ! glassy surface1 a delicate ,v-%ap$ figure1 ! po9t ( :i* rea*$ ab\t to ! middle ( ! lake1 :ile ! two sides1 z !y div]g$1 fad$ out t[>d ! %ore4 ,i saw ! po9t ( ?is ,v 0 be+ sl[ly pu%$ across ! lake4 ,i drew ne> 9 my boat1 & beheld a little m\se swimm+ vigor\sly = ! opposite %ore4 ,8 little legs appe>$ l swiftly revolv+ :eels b5ea? him4 ,z ,i came ne>1 he div$ "u ! wat] to escape me1 b came up aga9 l a cork & j z quickly4 ,x 0 laughable to see him repeat$ly duck b5ea? ! surface & pop back aga9 9 a tw9kl+4 ,he c\ld n keep "u wat] m ?an a second or two4 ,pres5tly ,i rea*$ him my o>1 :5 he ran up x & into ! palm ( my h&1 :]e he sat = "s "t & arrang$ 8 fur & w>m$ himself4 ,he did n %[ ! slighte/ fe>4 ,x 0 probably ! fir/ "t he _h ev] %ak5 h&s ) a human be+4 ,he _h d\btless liv$ all 8 life 9 ! woods1 & 0 /rangely unsophi/icat$4 ,h[ 8 little r\nd eyes did %9e1 & h[ he sniff$ me to f9d out if ,i 0 m dang]\s ?an ,i appe>$ to 8 sight6 ,aft] a :ile ,i put him d[n 9 ! bottom ( ! boat & resum$ my fi%+4 ,b x 0 n long be=e he became v re/less1 & evid5tly want$ to g ab\t 8 bus9ess4 ,he w\ld climb up to ! edge ( ! boat & pe] d[n into ! wat]4 ,f9ally he c\ld brook ! delay no long] & plung$ boldly ov]bo>d2 b he _h ei!r *ang$ 8 m9d or lo/ 8 reckon+1 = he />t$ back 9 ! direction f :i* he _h come1 & ! la/ ,i saw ( him 0 a m]e speck vani%+ 9 ! %ad[s ne> ! %ore4--,,john ,,burr\ghs3 ,squirrels & ,o!r ,fur-,be>+ ,animals4 ,ex]cise #abc4--;,foll[+ ?is model1 tell any incid5t1 ei!r real or inv5t$1 sugge/$ by ! foll[+ subjects3-- #a4 ,our cat & ! dry leaves4 #b4 ,our can>y bird & ! ?und]/orm4 #c4 ,! but*] & ! sick dog4 #d4 ,! tir$ /reet-c> conductor & ! lame man4 #e4 ,! "m & *ild & ! little begg>4 #f4 ,h[ a horse got rid ( 8 halt]4 #g4 ,! h5 & ! duck eggs4 #h4 ,! elevator boy1 ! irritable man1 & ! s(t answ]4 #i4 ,! tea*]'s wat* left 9 ! class room & ! janitor's little boy4 #aj4 ,h[ ,i lo/ my belief 9 ,santa ,claus1 9 fairies4 #aa4 ,a que] idea ,i _h :5 ,i 0 y\ng]1--e4g4 t ! ,nor? ,pole is an actual pole /ick+ out f ! gr\nd1 etc4 #gf4 ,! ,beg9n+4--,! beg9n+ ( a /ory is a v important "p ( x1 = ! av]age read] w n g on ) a /ory :i* does n int]e/ him at once4 ,x is !re=e bett]1 z a rule1 to beg91 n ) an introduction1 z 9 hi/orical /ories1 b ) "s phrase or s5t5ce t belongs 9 ! action4 ,!n1 aft] y h caught y\r read]'s att5tion1 y c1 9 a lat] p>agraph1 give briefly :at explanation is ne$$4 ,! beg9n+s ( sev]al excell5t /ories are giv5 "h to %[ y h[ !y comm5ce )\t any sort ( introduction4 ,edg> ,allan ,poe's ,desc5t into ! ,mael/rom4 ,we _h n[ rea*$ ! summit ( ! l(tie/ crag4 ,= "s m9utes ! old man seem$ too mu* exhau/$ to speak4 ,octave ,?anet's ,! ,%]iff4 ,%]iff ,wickliff lean$ out ( 8 (fice w9d[1 ! bett] to wat* ! boy soldi]s m>* d[n ! /reet4 ,l\isa ,m4 ,alcott's ,jack & ,jill4 ',cle> ! track' 0 ! g5]al cry on a bright ,decemb] aft]noon1 :5 all ! boys & girls ( ,h>mony ,village 7 out enjoy+ ! fir/ good sn[ ( ! season4 ,ex]cise #abd4--,sometimes ! beg9n+ is s full ( mean+ t y c almo/ con/ruct ! :ole /ory f x4 ,see if y c f9i% ! /ories begun bel[3-- #a4 ,wak+ up ) a />t1 he 0 v mu* amaz$ to f9d himself "u ! c\nt] & n at home 9 b$4 ,a little moonlight com+ 9 ! groc]y w9d[ %[$ him :]e he 01 & he rememb]$ t he _h la9 d[n = a mom5t's nap1 j z ! cl]ks 7 clos+ ! doors4 ,probably no "o _h notic$ ! little err& boy1 tir$ out ) 8 long day's "w & ) a long ev5+ be=e sp5t ov] 8 books4 ,sudd5ly he notic$ t ! room 0 gr[+ light]1 & saw a little tongue ( flame %oot up f ! floor ne> him4 #b4 ,jack pull$ 8 h& out ( 8 pocket ) a cry ( al>m4 ,:y ,i've lo/ my purse & my railway ticket home6 he said1 & ,i don't "k a s\l 9 ! city4 ,:at %all ,i d6 ,z he spoke1 he notic$ a man /ep out ( a /ore & try to put up ! awn+ ov] ! door4 ,! rope caught on a nail1 & )\t see+ :at 0 ! tr\ble ! man j]k$ impati5tly b uselessly4 ,jack _h be5 br\ght up to help p out if he c\ld4 ,i ?9k ,i c d t1 he said pleasantly1 /epp+ =w>d4 ,! man /opp$ & look$ at him curi\sly4 #c4 ,! ma/ broke ) a l\d report & ! sail blew ov]bo>d 9 a brea?4 ,! two boys look$ at ea* o!r ) pale faces4 ,if ?is w9d keeps up1 x looks z ?\gh we nev] %\ld get back to %ore1 said ,george1 look+ ab\t him despair+ly4 #d4 ,:5 ,oliv] ,:it+ realiz$ t he _h liv$ ) ! ,indians = five ye>s1 x always surpris$ him4 ,! "t _h slipp$ by v rapidly s9ce t excit+ night ( ! raid on ! ,puritan settlem5t1 :5 he _h be5 c>ri$ (f f 8 ma/]'s h\se4 ,he _h really be5 happi] 9 ! lazy ,indian life ?an 9 ! busy1 active1 h>d-work+ h\sehold ( ! ,puritan f>m]4 ,z he lay on ! grass "o summ] ev5+1 li/5+ to ! riv] & wat*+ ! />s %9e1 he reflect$ t if he c\ld1 he w\ld n *oose to g away f 8 k9dly ,indian captors4 ,a l[ call made him turn 8 head1 & !re1 )9 a few feet ( him1 /ood 8 old ma/]1 ,fe>-,god ,elliott4 #e4 ,run ,johnnie1 or ! tree w /rike y1 %\t$ ,mr4 ,edw>ds to 8 t5-ye>-old son1 pu%+ him out ( ! way4 ,! great tree came cra%+ d[n4 ,! *ild 0 safe1 b ! man lay groan+ ) pa91 bo? legs p9n$ d[n by ! t]rible1 cru%+ weight4 ,johnnie1 d y suppose y c f9d y\r way five miles to ,neighbor ,a%ley's cle>+8 said ! man1 compress+ 8 pale lips to keep back a %riek ( pa94 ,if y lose y\rself1 y'll />ve to dea? & s %all ,i1 b !re's no o!r way to save u bo?4 #f4 ,m>y ,ell5 0 ?9k+ ( no?+ m excit+ ?an h] ari?metic lesson1 z %e look$ abs5tly ?r\gh ! op5 door into ! long empty hall ( ! s*ool build+4 ,:at %e saw !re made h] cat* h] brea? 9 horror1 b h] pres5ce ( m9d came in/antly to h] rescue4 ,if %e scream$ ,fire6 ,fire6 !re w\ld be a panic4 ,:at c\ld %e d8 ,all at once a bright idea /ruck h]4 ,9 beg9n+ a /ory ( y\r own1 y %\ld take any "o ( ^! beg9n+s z model4 ,y w notice t ea* ( !m lets y "k at once ?ree ma9 po9ts--! pr9cipal "*1 ! place ( ! action1 & ! g5]al conditions4 ,x is v important to d ?is1 &1 z y notice1 ^! facts c be br\ght 9 )\t /at+ !m def9itely & t$i\sly4 ,= in/ance1 ! fir/ /ory giv5 might h begun1 ,h>ry 0 an err& boy 9 a groc]'s %op4 ,he 0 poor & _h to "w h>d all day1 b he 0 ambiti\s1 & kept up 8 /udies 9 ! ev5+4 ,"o night he w5t to sleep "u ! c\nt]4 ,:5 he woke up1 he saw a tongue ( flame d>t+ up f ! floor4 ,d y see h[ mu* bett] ! fir/ way ( tell+ y all ?is ab\t ,h>ry is ?an ! second8 #gg4 ,! ,end+4--,! end ( a /ory is also v important4 ,x %\ld conta9 ! po9t4 ,?is is sometimes ! explanation ( ! action1 sometimes ! summ+ up ( ! _s ( ! tale1 b 9 any case x is brief & lively4 ,ex]cise #abe--,see if y c write ! /ories t g be=e ! end+s giv5 bel[3-- #a4 ,i 0 trembl+ ) t]ror z ! app>ition drew ne>]1 & little ,pollie 0 %ak+ s %e c\ld h>dly /&4 ,all at once %e bur/ out 9 a l\d fit ( laught]1 po9t+ ?r\gh ! dusk at ! :ite _s ( our fe>s4 ,:y1 ar5't we silly6 %e cri$4 ,x's no gho/ at all1--only our own old :ite c[4 #b4 ,paul9e _h j giv5 up try+ to control ! madd5$ horse1 :5 out ( a h\se ahead ( !m da%$ a man ) a long rope4 ,coil+ ?is1 he ?rew x deftly ar\nd ! horse's neck z x plung$ by1 &1 in/antly dropp+ x ab\t a f5ce po/1 he br\ght ! animal to a dead /op s quickly t ,paul9e 0 ?r[n out ( ! wagon4 ,%e 0 unhurt1 h[ev]1 & ! man1 :o ran to pick h] up1 exclaim$ :5 he saw :o %e 04 ,well1 p]haps y'll take my advice ab\t horses ! next "t1 he said laugh+ly4 #c4 ,i spla%$ wildly1 ,i kick$ up a trem5d\s foam ) my feet1 ,i pant$ & splutt]$ l a porpoise2 b1 look+ ov] my %\ld]1 ,i saw ,i _h pass$ ! l9e ( ! old oak tree4 ,! de$ 0 done1--v badly x might be1 b none ! less actually ! accompli%m5t 0 m9e4 ,i _h le>n$ to swim at la/6 #gh4 ,! ,body4--,y h n[ /udi$ ! beg9n+ & ! end ( a /ory4 ,! middle "p is ! easie/ ( all4 ,y may h le>n$ en\gh geometry to "k t a /raight l9e is ! %orte/ di/ance betwe5 two po9ts4 ,a good /ory is ! %orte/ di/ance betwe5 a good beg9n+ & a good end+4 ,by t y are n to und]/& actually ! %orte/ /atem5t y c make ( ! facts involv$1 b ! %orte/ treatm5t ( y\r !me :i* /ill slights none ( ! features necess>y to make y\r end+ mo/ effective4 ,fix y\r m5tal eye on y\r end+1 & write y\r /ory to make t mo/ full ( mean+4 ,= in/ance1 ! fir/ ( ! ?ree end+s giv5 above w\ld lose mo/ ( its value if y did n1 9 writ+ ! /ory1 describe ! lonely h\se at twilight1 ! two dreadfully fright5$ *ildr51 & ! %apeless :ite mass loom+ up ?r\gh ! dusk4 ,_! relief at f9d+ x to be only a c[ is nei!r amus+ nor ev5 int]e/+ unless y h %[n by a lively description h[ t]ribly al>m$ !y 74 ,9 ! same way ! la/ end+ mu/ be prec$$ by a humor\s acc\nt ( ! great difficulty a boy _h 9 le>n+ to swim4 ,8 joy at f9d+ he c\ld make a little headway is only ( int]e/ because x comes z a contra/ to =m] disc\ragem5t4 ,ex]cise #abf4--,write a /ory sugge/$ by any ( ! foll[+ titles or phrases3-- #a4 ,! fir/ "t ,i 0 badly fright5$4 #b4 ,! ?+ ,i am pr\de/ ( hav+ done4 #c4 ,my runaway4 #d4 ,h[ ! bird's ne/ 0 sav$ f ! snake4 #e4 ,:5 ! elephant broke loose f ! circus4 #f4 ,h[ ! fox got ! honeycomb away f ! be> by say+ x 0 bad = 8 heal?4 #g4 ,:at ,i did :5 our h\se caught on fire4 #h4 ,h[ our cat got out ( ! b>n :5 %e 0 %ut 94 #i4 ,:y ,i got to ! tra9 late4 #aj4 ,h[ ! *ildr5 lo/ 9 ! woods kept h\se 9 ! cave4 #aa4 ,:at w\ld happ5 if ! /atues 9 our s*ool build+ c\ld come to life4 #ab4 ,if ! pictures c\ld come to life4 #ac4 ,*ri/oph] ,columbus revisits ,am]ica4 #ad4 ,an int]e/+ dream ,i once _h4 #ae4 ,at ?is1 ! ,que5 ( ! ,fairies t\*$ ,hans ) h] w&4 ,oh1 he cri$1 ,i'll nev] put (f do+ any?+ aga94 #af4 ,! old sailor gave a little %iv] ( recollection4 ,well1 ,i hope y'll nev] be 9 su* a place1 sonny1 he said to ! little boy4 #ag4 ,! poor old man look$ at ! k9d "y lady v int5tly4 ,w]5't y 9 ,ar*e/] "o summ]8 he ask$4 ,:y1 y mu/ be old ,f>m] ,norton1 to :om ,i owe su* a lot ( money1 %e cri$4 ,i nev] c\ld f9d y to pay x back4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,exposition #gi4 ,g5]al ,pr9ciples4--,!re is p]haps no o!r =m ( composition :i* is s g5]ally 9 use z exposition or explanation4 ,if y obs]ve y\r own conv]sation & t ( ! p ab\t y1 y w f9d t a great deal ( x is explanation4 ,e "t y say 9 answ] to "s "q ab\t a rem>k y h j made1 ,:y1 ,i mean t--1 y are expla9+ ! fir/ rem>k4 ,9 almo/ all ! recitations y make 9 s*ool y are expla9+ some?+--a pr9ciple 9 ari?metic1 or 9 physics1 ! con/ruction ( some?+ 9 manual tra9+1 ! mean+ ( a ^w1 etc4 ,! object ( y\r explanation is to make ! p]son :om y address und]/& ! nature ( y\r subject4 ,!re are a numb] ( devices = do+ ?is1 :i* w be treat$ 9 ?is *apt]1 b y are nev] to =get t y\r aim is simply to make "s "o cle>ly und]/& :at 0 n pla9 to him be=e4 ,9 description y 7 told t k ( y\r subject 0 ! mo/ necess>y elem5t4 ,?is is s true ( exposition t only ! briefe/ m5tion ( t necessity is en\gh to %[ y its great importance4 ,x might be possible to describe some?+ & give a fair notion ( x1 )\t kn[+ x ?or\ghly y\rself2 b ?is is out ( ! "q 9 explanation4 ,if y d n entirely & completely und]/& :at y are talk+ ab\t1 y c]ta9ly _c expla9 x to any "o else4 ,"o ( ! great advantages ( writ+ explanations is t y are =c$ to ?9k accurately z well z to express y\rself cle>ly4 ,! next ?+ 9 explanation is a consid]ation ( ! p = :om y are writ+4 ,9 ! di>y y write to y\rself2 9 a lett] y address "o p]son1 :om y usually "k well2 9 n>ration & description1 y write = p]sons ab\t :om y c "k v little4 ,9 exposition y come back aga9 to a set ( read]s ab\t :om y h "s def9ite in=mation4 ,!y may be diff]5t f ea* o!r 9 a great _m ways1 b 9 "o respect !y are alike--!y d n und]/& ! ?+ y are expla9+1 or at lea/ !y d n und]/& x z cle>ly z y d1 = if !y did1 !y w\ld n be read+ y\r exposition4 ,?is may appe> self-evid5t1 b x is a v important matt]4 ,y are apt to =get :at %\ld be con/antly 9 y\r m9d1 t ! entire value ( y\r explanation lies 9 mak+ some?+ cle> to a p]son :o has n be=e und]/ood x4 ,9 lit]>y description y\r aim 0 to make y\r read] see ! picture y saw4 ,9 exposition y\r aim is always & =ev] to make him und]/&1 & no matt] h[ well writt51 y\r explanation is a failure if he does n und]/&4 ,y w (t5 f9d x difficult to realize t "s p "k no?+ :atev] ( "s process or pr9ciple ) :i* y are v famili>1 & a good device is to imag9e t y are address+ y\r explanation to a =eign] ignorant ( our life1 or to "s "o y\ng] ?an y4 ,put y\rself 9 ! place ( su* a p]son1 & see if y\r rem>ks are suffici5tly cle> & full to be a complete explanation4 ,!re are two great divisions ( exposition--! explanation ( a mat]ial process or ?+1 & ! explanation ( an ab/ract idea4 ,! fir/ is v mu* easi] & w be tak5 up fir/4 #hj4 ,explanation ( a ,mat]ial ,process4--,!re is a /range resemblance betwe5 ! explanation ( a mat]ial process & tell+ a /ory4 ,?is w be made m cle> by an example4 ,a well-writt5 cookbook1 or manual ( h&work1 employs con/antly ?is simple/1 pla9e/ =m ( exposition4 ,to broil a /eak4 ,light ! ov5 burn]s at lea/ five m9utes be=e ! "t = broil+4 ,all[ twelve to fifte5 m9utes = a /eak an in* & a half ?ick4 ,:5 ! rack & ! pan are hot1 place ! /eak on ! rack & put x z ne> ! flames z possible )\t hav+ x t\*4 ,z soon z x is se>$ & br[n on "o side1 turn1 & se> & br[n on ! o!r4 ,n[ turn aga94 ,remove ! rack ?ree or f\r slides d[n1 b d n r$uce ! heat4 ,cook = five m9utes4 ,turn ! /eak & broil = five m9utes long]1 & x is ready to season & s]ve4 ,y may n see any connection betwe5 ^! /raight=w>d & pla9 in/ructions = broil+ a /eak & a /ory2 b if y exam9e !m1 y w see t !y are ! /ory ( ! process1 & t ! explanation relates f fir/ to la/ all ! ?+s t 7 done by "s "o :o cook$ a /eak 9 exactly ! "r way4 ,?is resemblance is m5tion$ because x %[s y t cle> /atem5t ( ev5ts 9 _! "r ord] is z necess>y 9 ?is sort ( exposition z 9 /ory tell+4 ,e "o :o writes good in/ructions = go+ ?r\gh "s process1 ei!r consci\sly or unconsci\sly imag9es himself do+ :at he expla9s4 ,9 ! above example1 ! writ] has imag9$ h]self broil+ a /eak1 & has set d[n1 /ep by /ep1 ev]y?+ %e does4 ,?is is a v good plan to foll[4 ,y w f9d t x simplifies any difficulty 9 y\r m9d1 :5 y are a little confus$ z to :at comes next1 if y w ask y\rself1 ,if ,i 7 actually do+ ?is1 :at w\ld be ! v next ?+ ,i %\ld d8 ,rememb] t y\r read] is ignorant ( ! process1 & d n =get any details t mu/ be c>$ =1 or !re w be a gap 9 y\r directions ov] :i* he _c cross4 ,use ! simple/1 pla9e/ t]ms possible1 & d n fe> to be too m9ute4 ,y w h a t5d5cy to =get "s necess>y in/ruction r ?an to add "o t is n ne$$4 ,x is (t5 well to make a broad /atem5t ( g5]al conditions fir/1 be=e go+ on to detail$ in/ructions4 ,= in/ance1 suppose y are writ+ to a boy :o has always until n[ liv$ 9 ! ,s\?1 9 ord] to tell him h[ to make a sn[ man4 ,be=e y beg9 to tell him ab\t />t+ ) a small ball & roll+ x ab\t till x gr[s l>ge1 y %\ld say t he %\ld try to make a sn[ man only :5 ! sn[ is some:at damp1 = no matt] h[ cle> y\r in/ructions are1 he c accompli% no?+ by foll[+ !m if ! sn[ be dry & p[d]y4 ,ex]cise #abg4--,write an explanation ( ! foll[+ processes1 z if to a p]son :olly ignorant ( !m3-- #a4 ,h[ to make a dam 9 a brook2 to make a sn[ man2 a sn[ =t 7) blocks press$ into %ape 9 boxes72 to set up a t5t2 to irrigate a g>d52 to hang wall pap]2 to tea* a pet animal tricks2 to build a fire out ( doors4 #b4 ,h[ to make cocoa1 s\p1 bread1 butt]1 *eese1 cake1 cu/>d4 #c4 ,h[ to gr[ fl[]s indoors2 9 a hot b$4 ,h[ to plant & gr[ lettuce1 tomatoes1 tobacco1 corn1 mu%rooms1 cel]y1 na/urtiums1 crocuses1 potatoes4 #d4 ,h[ to h>ness a horse4 ,h[ to get a trunk f y\r h\se to y\r c\s9's 9 ano!r t[n4 ,h[ to develop an expos$ photographic plate4 ,probably y h be5 able to treat ! subjects above directly f y\r own exp]i5ce or obs]vation4 ,9 ! foll[+ subjects y w probably ne$ to consult "s books1 b be c>eful n simply to repeat _! language4 ,look up ! subject1 in=m y\rself ( all necess>y details ( manufacture or use1 & !n write an exposition 7z if to "s "o y\ng] ?an y\rself71 expla9+ any t]ms t w\ld be new to him & /at+ ! facts 9 ! simple/1 pla9e/ way4 ,ex]cise #abh4--,write z if 9 answ] to any "o ( ! foll[+ que/ions f a *ild3-- #a4 ,h[ are bricks made8 pap]8 glass8 ink8 iron8 /eel8 gold leaf8 %+les8 baseballs8 hairbru%es8 mirrors8 #b4 ,:y are fi%hooks made 9 ! =m !y are8 saws8 :eels8 #c4 ,:y does an ice h\se keep ! ice f melt+8 #d4 ,h[ does a wat] :eel "w8 a w9dmill8 a well sweep8 scissors8 ,:y does a *imney draw8 ,:at makes popcorn pop8 ,ex]cise #abi4--;,i4 ,expla91 ) a diagram or draw+1 ! me*anism ( ! foll[+ objects4 ,lett] or numb] ! diff]5t p>ts ( y\r diagram1 & ref] to !m 9 t way4 ,plan y\r exposition z if try+ to make ! matt] cle> to a y\ng] bro!r or si/]4 ,a pump1 lamp1 c&le1 /ove1 furnace1 ci/]n1 swit*es on a railroad track1 city wat]works1 refrig]ator1 ice-cream freez]1 silo1 limekiln4 ,,ii4 ,expla9 h[ a book is b\nd2 h[ a horse is h>ness$2 h[ w9d[s are hung2 :at makes a w9d[ %ade g up :5 y pull ! /r+2 h[ ?read is spun & clo? wov52 h[ gra9 is gr\nd into fl\r2 h[ salt is obta9$4 ,,iii4 ,give in/ructions 7us+1 if necess>y1 a lett]$ diagram73 = mak+ a sn>e = rabbits2 a m\se trap2 a be> trap2 a mole trap2 a box2 a basket2 a b[ & arr[2 a ne$lebook2 a cov] = a book2 a kite2 a baseball diamond2 a t5nis c\rt2 a doll's hat2 a spr+bo>d2 a picture frame2 a toboggan slide2 a ha/y %elt] ( b\ghs = camp+2 a doll's dress 7) patt]n74 #ha4 ,explanation ( ,games4--,"o =m ( exposition :i* y h (t5 us$ is ! explanation ( games & conte/s2 & y h probably suff]$ f hav+ o!r p give y imp]fect & confus$ directions = play+ a game unfamili> to y1 f9d+ at "s critical "t 9 ! conte/ t a detail or rule has be5 =gott54 ,! foll[+ is an exposition ( a game :i* w almo/ c]ta9ly be unfamili> to y1 b :i* is a great favorite 9 ,spa93-- ,pelota is an old ,basque game1 resembl+ h& ball1 :i* ( late ye>s has come greatly into fa%ion 9 ,spa94 ,x is giv5 ov] to pr(essionals1 & x is said t none c cont9ue x m ?an ?ree or f\r ye>s1 s sev]ely does x tax ! con/itution4 ,pelota is play$ 9 l>ge glass-ro($ build+s1 "o side ( :i* is devot$ 9 all its bread? to ! asphalt c\rt4 ,! side wall ( ! c\rt at ,madrid is #age feet long & ! end walls are #ej feet broad & #dj feet high4 ,! wall f5c+ ! play]s has a rib ( metal along x1 ab\t a y>d f ! pavem5t1 & ano!r ne> ! top1 :i* limit ( height is c>ri$ along ! longitud9al wall opposite ! spectators4 ,a ball is only 9 play :5 x hits ! fir/ wall betwe5 ^! l9es or ! long wall bel[ ! prescrib$ limit4 ,! c\rt is m>k$ (f by l9es at regul> di/ances ( ab\t f\r y>ds4 ,! spaces f f\r to sev5 are important1 = ! ball :5 fir/ play$ mu/ drop f ! wall betwe5 ^! two spaces4 ,! ball1 :i* weighs ab\t f\r ounces1 is ?r[n f a basket-"w gauntlet or ce/a1 ) a lea!r glove atta*$ = fa/5+ to ! h&1 & dur+ a game ,i h se5 ! ball s5t ) su* t]rific =ce t x has reb\nd$ f ! wall at "o end ( ! c\rt aga9/ t at ! o!r4 ,!re are usually f\r play]s1 two on ea* side1 & ! aim ( ! play]s is to cause ! ball to reb\nd f ! wall into s remote or unexpect$ a place 9 ! c\rt t x w be impossible = _! oppon5ts to rea* x 9 "t to return x aga9 to ! wall4 ,! "t t ! ball is 9 play1 t is1 ! "t t bo? sides are successful 9 keep+ ! ball 9 motion1 is call$ a rally4 ,!re are frequ5tly1 betwe5 good play]s1 rallies ( sixte5 /rokes or m4 ,dur+ a mat* game ( fifty up1 ! play]s w we> _! %oes "r ?r\gh4 ,pelota is popul> 9 mo/ ,spani% t[ns & villages1 & "o frequ5tly sees notices on *ur* walls to ! effect t x is =bidd5 to play pelota aga9/ !m4--,e4 ,,ma93 ,cities & ,sights ( ,spa94 ,are !re any que/ions t y w\ld l to ask ab\t pelota aft] read+ ?is explanation8 ,d y feel t y w\ld ne$ to "k m ab\t x be=e try+ to play8 ,if s1 rememb] to make y\r own treatm5t ( ! foll[+ subjects complete en\gh to satisfy a *ild 9 ! ,philipp9es1 :o kn[s no m ab\t m>bles ?an y d ab\t pelota4 ,ex]cise #acj4--,tell h[ to play baseball2 football2 *eck]s2 dom9oes2 basket ball2 m>bles2 tag2 hide-&-seek2 drop ! h&k]*ief2 any game peculi> to y\r neighborhood4 ,expla9 h[ a field-day is conduct$4 ,:at is a h&icap8 ,h[ d little girls play keep h\se8 ,:at d y mean by play+ ,indians8 ,ex]cise #aca4--;,i4 ,foll[+ ! model bel[1 give good in/ructions = le>n+ h[ to swim1 to sail a boat1 to ride a bicycle1 to drive1 to %oot a rifle1 a revolv]1 to fi%1 to run a sew+ ma*9e1 to paddle a canoe1 to ride horseback1 to g on sn[%oes4 ,use a diagram1 if necess>y1 & give all ! in=mation y y\rself w\ld l to h 9 beg9n+ a new process1 m5tion+ mi/akes usually made by beg9n]s & tell+ h[ to avoid !m4 ,,ii4 ,tell z well z y c h[ to b&age a cut1 h[ to treat a burn1 h[ to make a road1 h[ to lay asphalt1 brick1 or macadam pavem5ts1 h[ to %oe a horse4 ,! fir/ ?+ 9 le>n+ to skate is to be sure t y\r skates are prop]ly atta*$ to y\r foot4 ,if y fa/5 !m on ) /raps1 d n pull ! buckle too tight1 z ?is /ops ! circulation ( ! blood & may end 9 froz5 toes2 if by clamps1 see t !y are v firmly fa/5$1 or ! skate may be wr5*$ (f 9 "s sudd5 movem5t1 giv+ y a fall4 ,also be sure t ! blades are %>p1 z x is v h>d to skate ) dull blades4 ,aft] y h att5d$ to ^! matt]s1 "o ( ! be/ ways to beg9 is to skate ) "s "o :o is /rong en\gh to hold y up1 or if y _c arrange ?is1 to pu% a *air 9 front ( y1 until y h confid5ce en\gh to g alone4 ,! feet are plac$ at "r angles to ea* o!r ) ! toes turn$ out & ! body b5t slightly =w>d4 ,ea* foot is !n rais$ alt]nately & set d[n slightly on ! inside edge4 ,x slides =w>d ( its own accord & ?is motion is increas$ by pu%+ on ! o!r foot1 :i* is at "r angles to y\r =w>d movem5t & s does n slide4 ,y %\ld keep y\r feet p]fectly level :5 rais$ & set d[n1 turn+ ! =w>d foot a little on ! out] edge z x slides1 & keep+ ! o!r foot turn$ to ! inside edge4 ,a great help 9 keep+ y\r balance is to sw+ y\r arms across y\r *e/1 ) ea* =w>d slide1 to ! opposite side f ! foot :i* is advanc+4 ,nev] look at y\r feet1 z x is almo/ impossible to keep y\r balance :5 do+ s4 ,look /raight 9 front ( y at a spot ab\t level ) y\r eyes4 ,!re are v>i\s ways ( /opp+ y\rself4 ,"o is to dig ! heel ( y\r skate 9 ! ice & turn ! o!r foot sidewise4 ,ano!r is to direct y\r c\rse ar\nd a circle & to /op y\r =w>d pu%+2 b p]haps ! be/ way is to turn y\r toes 91 ?us putt+ ! l9e ( y\r skate across ! direction ( y\r =w>d movem5t4 ,try to take z long /rokes z possible & n to use ! "r leg m ?an ! left1 keep+ y\r /roke /eady & ev54 ,always lean a little =w>d 9 ord9>y skat+ & f> =w>d if y wi% to g fa/4 ,x is a good ?+ = beg9n]s to =ce !mselves to turn ! advanc+ foot on ! out] edge ( ! skate4 ,x is a little m difficult to keep y\r balance 9 ?is way1 b if once y become fix$ 9 ! habit ( us+ ! inn] edge only1 y w nev] be able to d any fancy or figure skat+4 #hb4 ,exposition ( ,ab/ract ,ideas4--,all ! ex]cises 9 explanation y h _h ?us f> h be5 ) reg>d to simple1 mat]ial ?+s1 t is1 ?+s y c t\* or see4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 v _m subjects :i* ne$ cle> & accurate explanation1 b :i* deal ) ab/ract ideas1 ) pr9ciples1 or ) emotions4 ,^! are mu* h>d] to write ( ?an mat]ial ?+s1 l>gely because x is h>d] to ?9k ( !m q cle>ly 9 y\r own m9d4 ,?is is n because y d n h all ! in=mation y ne$1 b because y h nev] tri$ to ?9k out cle>ly & analyze ! k t y h4 ,= in/ance1 if "s "o %\ld ask y1 ,:at is *e]fulness8 al?\gh y w\ld feel t y knew p]fectly well :at t quality is1 y might h "s difficulty 9 express+ x4 #hc4 ,exposition by ,example4--,!re are _m ways to br+ out ! mean+ ( an ab/ract t]m4 ,"o good device is ! use ( examples4 ,if x is someone 9 y\r family :o asks y ! "q1 y c give at once a good idea ( :at *e]fulness is by say+1 ,aunt ,kate is a *e]ful p]son4 ,b if y are speak+ to "s "o :o does n "k y\r ,aunt ,kate1 y mu/ !n proce$ to describe ! quality 9 h] :i* y call *e]fulness4 ,y w f9d ?is use ( example a v conv5i5t me?od ( exposition4 ,ano!r device is comp>ison ) some?+ t is simil> b n q ! same4 ,9 expla9+ ! exact diff]5ce betwe5 ! two y def9e ! subject ( y\r exposition4 ,= in/ance1 suppose y are ask$ by a *ild to expla9 ! mean+ ( p>simony4 ,y c take a ^w :i* he kn[s1 l sav+ or economy1 & by %[+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two1 y c give him a cle> notion ( ! mean+1 expla9+ t economy is wise & reasonable sav+ ( exp5se1 & p>simony is fooli% & exagg]at$ sav+4 ,! foll[+ p>agraph %[s ! use ( ?is me?od1 ! au?or comp>+ *e]fulness to mir?4 ,i h always pref]r$ *e]fulness to mir?4 ,! latt] ,i consid] z an act1 ! =m] z a habit ( ! m9d4 ,mir? is %ort & transi5t1 *e]fulness fix$ & p]man5t4 ,^? are (t5 rais$ into ! greate/ transports ( mir? :o are subject to ! greate/ depressions ( melan*oly4 ,on ! contr>y1 *e]fulness1 ?\gh x does n give ! m9d su* an exquisite gladness1 prev5ts u f fall+ into any dep?s ( sorr[4 ,mir? is l a fla% ( lightn+ t breaks ?r\gh a gloom ( cl\ds & glitt]s = a mom5t4 ,*e]fulness keeps up a k9d ( daylight 9 ! m9d & fills x ) a /eady & p]petual s]5ity4--,,joseph ,,addison3 ,! ,spectator4 ,ex]cise #acb4--,us+ ?is device ( comp>ison1 & add+ to x examples1 try to expla9 ! foll[+ subjects3-- #a4 ,c\rage4 ,comp>e ) ra%ness or foolh>d9ess1 us+ z example ! "* ( ,hobson z comp>$ ) t ( a man :o goes ov] ! ,niag>a ,falls 9 a b>rel4 #b4 ,joy4 ,comp>e ) cont5tm5t1 us+ z example a "m p]fectly cont5t$ ) h] home & *ildr51 :o is sudd5ly ov]joy$ by a h]oic de$ ( a son4 #c4 ,p]sev]ance4 ,comp>e ) ob/9acy1 us+ z examples a h5 sitt+ pati5tly till h] *icks are hat*$ out2 & ano!r sitt+ week aft] week on *9a eggs4 #d4 ,extravagance4 ,comp>e ) lib]ality1 us+ z example a man :o gives away s mu* to /rang]s t he has n en\gh left to c>e = 8 family4 #e4 ,indu/ry4 ,comp>e ) drudg]y1 us+ z examples a man :o c>ries /one = road-m5d+1 & ! milit>y puni%m5t ( mak+ an (f5d] c>ry /ones f "o side ( ! road to ano!r4 #hd4 ,exposition by ,repetition4--,ano!r good me?od ( expla9+ an ab/ract idea is to repeat 9 sev]al diff]5t ways y\r fir/ /atem5t or def9ition4 ,fir/1 y def9e y\r subject z accurately z possible1 by tell+ to :at k9d or ord] ( ?+ x belongs1 & !n by po9t+ out diff]5ces betwe5 ?is individual example & o!rs ( ! same k9d4 ,= in/ance1 y are ask$ by a *ild to def9e a snob4 ,fir/1 y give "s g5]al idea ( ! mean+ ( ! t]m by say+1 ,a snob is a vulg> p]son ) bad mann]s4 ,b !re are vulg> p]sons ) bad mann]s :o :o are n 9 ! lea/ snobs1 s t aft] /at+ ! g5]al ord] ( ! p]sons to :i* a snob belongs1 y mu/ sep>ate him f all o!r v>ieties ( t class4 ,y g on1 !re=e1 ,he pays a fooli% & exagg]at$ respect to social position & money1 & _c und]/& t a noble "* has any value 9 a poor or uncultivat$ p]son4 ,y h n[ giv5 a g5]al def9ition ( y\r subject1 & "o good way to proce$ ) y\r explanation is1 z /at$ above1 by means ( repetition 9 o!r words ( y\r fir/ /atem5t1 ?us3-- ,a real snob values ! op9ion ( an ignorant ri* p]son m ?an t ( an intellig5t poor "o4 ,he is fawn+ & meanly polite to influ5tial m51 & rude & ov]be>+ to ^? :o h no recogniz$ position4 ,a snob w run hat 9 h& to op5 a door = a weal?y woman ( rank1 & w n give a help+ h& to a poor woman :o has fall5 d[n4 ,?is sort ( repetition s]ves to make p]fectly cle> ! idea involv$ 9 y\r fir/ /atem5t4 #he4 ,exposition by ,contra/4--,a fur!r device 9 explanation is contra/1 %[+ ! ways 9 :i* ! subject ( y\r exposition diff]s f its opposite4 ,! explanation ( ! snob might be cont9u$ by contra/+ him ) a p]fect g5tleman1 ?us br++ out m cle>ly ! (f5sive qualities4 ,or1 y might g back to ! sort ( comp>ison y us$ 9 expla9+ c\rage1 p]sev]ance1 etc41 & comp>e ! snob to a p]son ?or\ghly rude1 a boor1 %[+ h[ he diff]s3 ! snob is rude only to p :o1 he ?9ks1 h no means ( puni%+ him = x2 :]eas a boor is rude to e "o4 ,ex]cise #acc4--a4 ,be>+ 9 m9d ^! two new me?ods = explanation 7repetition & contra/71 z well z ! me?ods previ\sly expla9$ 7comp>ison & examples71 expla9 ! use & value ( ! /udy ( geography1 ari?metic1 hi/ory1 manual tra9+1 music1 draw+1 gymnasium "w1 milit>y drill1 sew+1 read+ al\d1 spell+1 a =eign language4 #b4 ,expla9 7z if to a boy or girl y\ng] ?an y1 :o asks1 ,:at is x =87 ! purpose & value ( ! foll[+3-- ,a debat+ society2 a lit]>y club2 a nature /udy club2 a ,d z y w\ld be done by association2 amateur !atricals2 a?letic conte/s2 an aqu>ium2 zoological g>d5s2 city p>ks2 public libr>ies2 =eign travel2 picture gall]ies4 #hf4 ,exposition by a ,figure ( ,spee*4--,"o ( ! mo/ =cible & graceful means ( exposition is by ! developm5t ( a figure ( spee*1--a simile or metaphor4 ,i consid] ! human s\l )\t education l m>ble 9 ! qu>ry1 :i* %[s none ( its inh]5t beauties until ! skill ( ! poli%] fet*es out ! colors1 makes ! surface %9e1 & discov]s e ornam5tal cl\d1 spot1 & ve9 t runs ?r\gh ! body ( x4 ,education1 aft] ! same mann]1 :5 x works ^u a noble m9d1 draws out to view e lat5t virtue & p]fection1 :i* )\t su* helps are nev] able to make _! appe>ance4444 ,ari/otle tells u t a /atue lies hid 9 a block ( m>ble1 & t ! art ( ! /atu>y only cle>s away sup]flu\s matt] & removes ! rubbi%4 ,! figure is 9 ! /one2 ! sculptor only f9ds x4 ,:at sculpture is to a block ( m>ble1 education is to a human s\l4 ,! philosoph]1 ! sa9t1 ! h]o1 ! wise1 ! good1 or ! great man1 v (t5 lie hid & conceal$ 9 a plebeian1 :i* a prop] education might h dis9t]r$ & br\ght to light4--,,joseph ,,addison3 ,! ,spectator4 ,ex]cise #acd4--;,i4 ,prov]bs are really only figures ( spee*1 & explanation ( ^! %\ld be bas$ to "s degree on ! model above4 ,try to expla9 fully1 z if to y\r y\ng] bro!r or si/]1 ! true mean+ ( any ( ! foll[+ expressions1 us+ all ! devices = exposition :i* y h be5 /udy+4 ,?9k c>efully be=e y beg9 to write & make sure t y fully grasp ! real mean+4 ,y w f9d examples & anecdotes illu/rat+ y\r po9t p>ticul>ly useful 9 ?is sort ( explanation4 #a4 ,a bird 9 ! h& is wor? two 9 ! bu%4 #b4 ,don't c\nt y\r *ick5s be=e !y are hat*$4 #c4 ,a roll+ /one ga!rs no moss4 #d4 ,! m ha/e ! less spe$4 #e4 ,birds ( a fea!r flock toge!r4 #f4 ,bett] an empty h\se ?an a bad t5ant4 #g4 ,make hay :ile ! sun %9es4 #h4 ,en\gh is z good z a fea/4 #i4 ,a burn$ *ild dreads ! fire4 #aj4 ,/rike :ile ! iron is hot4 #aa4 ,he laughs be/ :o laughs la/4 #ab4 ,he t lives 9 a glass h\se %\ld n ?r[ /ones4 #ac4 ,necessity is ! "m ( inv5tion4 ,,ii4 ,exp\nd 9 ! same way ! foll[+ quotations1 z if y 7 try+ to give a full realization ( all t !y mean to "s "o :o sees !m = ! fir/ "t & does n q und]/& !m3-- #a4 ,sweet are ! uses ( adv]sity4--,,%aksp]e4 #b4 ,he :o loses weal? loses mu*2 he :o loses a fri5d loses m2 b he :o loses 8 c\rage loses all4--,,c]vantes4 #c4 ,he :o kn[s mo/1 grieves mo/ = wa/$ "t4--,,dante4 #d4 ,! wick$ flee :5 no man pursue?4 #e4 ,a s(t answ] turne? away wra?4 #f4 ,a good "n is r to be *os5 ?an great ri*es4 #g4 ,books are ! be/ ?+s well us$2 abus$1 among ! wor/4--,,em]son4 #h4 ,*>ity is a virtue ( ! he>t1 n ( ! h&s4 ,ex]cise #ace4--;,i4 ,try to expla9 :at ,wa%+ton's ,bir?day means to u2 ,/4 ,val5t9e's ,day2 ,april ,fool's ,day2 ,comm5cem5t ,day at a s*ool2 ,arbor ,day2 ,?anksgiv+ ,day2 ,*ri/mas2 ,new ,ye>'s2 ,labor ,day2 ,f\r? ( ,july2 ,decoration ,day4 ,an exposition ( ?is sort may be v /raight=w>d & simple1 only a p>agraph long1 or x may be z elaborate a composition z y c make x2 b 9 ei!r case y %\ld try to express s9c]ely ! deep feel+ :i* und]lies mo/ ( ^! fe/ivals4 ,*oose "s favorite ( y\rs 9 ! above li/ & try to express :y y are fond ( x & impress$ by x4 ,,ii4 ,foll[+ ! same me?od1 look up ! facts 9 reg>d to "s =eign cu/oms1 & write an explanation ( :at y imag9e to be ! feel+ und]ly+ ,all ,s\ls' ,day 9 ,p>is2 ! pilgrimage to ,mecca ( ! ,mohamm$ans2 ! pilgrimage 9 ,india to ! ,ganges2 *]ry-blossom+ "t 9 ,japan2 ,primrose ,day 9 ,engl&2 ! ,f\rte5? ( ,july 9 ,france2 & o!r fe/ivals ( :i* y c le>n4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,argum5t #hg4 ,g5]al ,pr9ciple4--,!re is probably no =m ( expression ) :i* y are m practically acqua9t$ ?an argum5tation1 bo? f us+ x y\rself & f hav+ x employ$ on y4 ,if y g to college1 y w /udy ! !ory ( x 9 connection ) logic & y w h a great _m h>d names to le>n & a complicat$ sy/em to und]/&2 b1 z a matt] ( fact1 y f9d n[ t if y greatly c>e to h some?+ done or n done1 y w in/9ctively f9d reasons = support+ y\r views4 ,y did ?is ev5 z a little *ild1 :5 y wi%$ to d some?+ y\r p>5ts did n ?9k advisable1 or to be excus$ f do+ some?+ !y desir$ y to d4 ,al?\gh ?is may be ! fir/ "t y h consci\sly ?\ght ( argum5t z a =m ( composition1 y mu/ h _h a great deal ( practical exp]i5ce 9 x4 ,x has be5 po9t$ out sev]al times 9 ?is book t ! v fir/ ?+ to consid] 9 any =m ( expression is ! read] to :om y address y\rself4 ,ow+ to ! frequ5t practical use y h made ( argum5t 9 conv]sation1 ?is w be easy = y to rememb] :5 y n[ come to write x4 ,t is1 y are s us$ to mak+ y\r argum5ts suit ! p]sons y are try+ to p]suade1 t y d x in/9ctively4 ,ev5 a little *ild puts =? diff]5t reasons = action :5 try+ to p]suade 8 "m f ^? :i* he w\ld put =? :5 try+ to p]suade a playfell[2 & y feel1 )\t ! necessity ( /opp+ to ?9k at all1 t y %\ld use diff]5t argum5ts ) y\r "m f ^? :i* w\ld be likely to conv9ce y\r tea*]4 ,b ! next /ep 9 compos+1 :i* has be5 m5tion$ ?r\gh\t ! book1 is m necess>y 9 argum5tation ?an 9 any o!r =m ( expression4 ,y mu/ n only h an outl9e 9 m9d = :at y are ab\t to say1 b t outl9e %\ld be writt51 & almo/ z mu* "t & ?\ght %\ld be giv5 to x z to ! composition itself2 = cle> ?\ght is ! great ess5tial 9 argum5tation1 & a c>efully prep>$ outl9e is ! greate/ help to cle> ?\ght4 #hh4 ,! ,introduction4--,!re are ?ree p>ts to e outl9e = a discussion or argum5t4 ,fir/ comes ! introduction1 or /atem5t ( ! subject4 ,to write ?is cle>ly1 y ne$ to rememb] ! pr9ciples ( exposition1 because (t5 ! introduction to an argum5t is m]ely a cle> exposition ( ! subject4 ,x is v necess>y to be p]fectly cle> 9 ?is introduction1 s t y\r read] may h a def9ite idea ( :at x is y are ab\t to discuss4 ,sometimes p discuss at great l5g?1 only to f9d t f neglect to /ate ! subject cle>ly !y h be5 argu+ ab\t q diff]5t que/ions4 ,= in/ance1 suppose t ! foll[+ subject is select$ = a discussion3 ,pupils "u fifte5 ye>s ( age %\ld n be tak5 out ( s*ool to e>n money = _! families4 ,! /atem5t & full exposition ( ! subject 9 ! introduction to ! argum5t %\ld exclude cases :]e !re is no o!r possible s\rce ( income = ! family2 o!rwise y & y\r oppon5t may be discuss+ a "q ab\t :i* y really agree4 ,9 y\r introduction1 !re=e1 give fir/ a p]fectly pla9 /atem5t ( y\r subject1--:at are ! g5]ally admitt$ facts ab\t x 7facts :i* ev5 y\r oppon5t mu/ admit71 & :at x is y wi% to prove4 ,ex]cise #acf4--;,9 ! foll[+ subjects = discussion1 see if y c pick out ! place :]e ! /atem5t is indef9ite & might lead to misund]/&+4 ,write "o p>agraph on ea*1 def9+1 limit+1 & mak+ cle> ! subject z y see x1 & ano!r on ! g5]ally admitt$ facts 9 ! case z di/9ct f ! po9ts :i* are debatable4 #a4 ,animals 9 captivity are bett] (f ?an 9 _! natural /ate4 ,:at k9d ( captivity8 ,:at k9d ( animals8 ,:at d y mean by be+ bett] (f--m]ely heal?i] or happi] or m secure8 #b4 ,a boy's club %\ld n /udy hi/ory4 ,:at k9d ( boys8 ,:at k9d ( hi/ory8 ,is hi/ory taught 9 ! s*ools8 ,d ^! boys g to s*ool8 #c4 ,all girls %\ld le>n to be h\sekeep]s4 ,:at d y mean by h\sekeep]8 ,d y mean t !y %\ld le>n no?+ else8 #d4 ,x is n h>mful = *ildr5 to read fairy tales4 ,h[ ab\t n]v\s1 excitable *ildr5 :o _c sleep aft] a fairy /ory8 ,h[ ab\t dreadful tales ( wit*es & hobgobl9s t make ! heal?ie/ *ild afraid ( ! d>k8 #e4 ,x is wrong to kill animals4 ,d y include noxi\s & dang]\s ones8 ,or animals us$ = food8 #hi4 ,! ,reasons4--,! second "p ( y\r argum5t consi/s ( ! /atem5t ( ! v>i\s pro(s & reasons y advance to make p ?9k & feel z y d ab\t y\r subject4 ,x is well to divide y\r subject into sev]al ma9 divisions or po9ts1 & take ^! up "o by "o2 also to set d[n sep>ately y\r ma9 argum5ts4 ,^! %\ld be arrang$ 9 :at is call$ climactic ord]1--t is1 ! m unimportant reasons fir/ & ! bett] & /rong] ones aft]1 lead+ up to ! argum5t :i* y ?9k is y\r /ronge/ "o4 ,!re are two ma9 divisions ( argum5t z reasons 9 favor ( some?+4 ,fir/1 !re are ! pro(s directly = y\r side ( ! "q1 & !n !re are ! pro(s aga9/ y\r oppon5t's argum5t4 ,! fir/ is call$ direct pro(2 ! second is call$ refutation4 ,suppose n[ t y wi% to p]suade ! pr9cipal ( y\r s*ool to grant a holiday on ,wa%+ton's ,bir?day4 ,y\r introduction /ates ! subject v briefly1 s9ce 9 ! nature ( ?+s !re c be almo/ no possibility ( misund]/&+4 ,x might be well to m5tion "h t nobody d\bts ! value ( vacations 9 s*ool life if wisely select$1 & t :at y wi% to prove is t x w\ld be a wise selection to give ! s*ool a holiday on ! tw5ty-second ( ,febru>y4 ,! body ( y\r argum5t comes next1 & y might beg9 by /at+ t a holiday w\ld be b5eficial to s*ool "w4 ,support ! /atem5t by po9t+ out1 fir/1 t ! tw5ty-second ( ,febru>y comes 9 ! mid/ ( a long /ret* ( un9t]rupt$ s*ool1 j at ! "t :5 bo? pupils & tea*]s are tir$ & w\ld d bett] "w aft] a re/2 second1 t ! wea!r is apt to be brisk & brac+1 & su* z w\ld tempt e "o to be out ( doors4 ,y\r next g5]al argum5t might be a /atem5t ( ! value ( honor+ 9 e way possible ! great m5 ( ! nation1 & ( n all[+ !m to be =gott54 ,?ree good reasons z pro(s ( ?is /atem5t are1 fir/1 t we owe !m great gratitude = :at !y h done = u2 second1 t !y furni% ! be/ examples = our own action2 ?ird1 t !y make u patriotic by mak+ u pr\d ( our c\ntry4 ,hav+ e/abli%$ ! desirability ( honor+ our great m51 y\r next ne$ is to %[ t grant+ a holiday to s*ool *ildr5 does honor !m4 ,to prove ?is1 y might make a ^w picture ( ! great importance :i* a holiday has 9 a s*ool2 h[ e "o looks =w>d to x1 plans = x1 enjoys x1 & rememb]s x1--s t x is felt t ! occasion ( a holiday mu/ be a v notable man4 ,%[ h[ ev5 ! little *ildr5 are impress$ ) ! greatness ( ,wa%+ton's "n 7because ( ! holiday7 be=e !y "k mu* ab\t him1 s t !y are all prep>$ to realize in/9ctively h[ prom95t he 0 9 our hi/ory :5 !y come to /udy ab\t him4 ,see if y _c %[ h[ mu* m valuable is an in/9ctive feel+ l ?is ?an any am\nt ( m]e k ( :at we owe to him1 illu/rat+ by ! affection a *ild feels = a relative--a c\s9 or an aunt--:om he has always kn[n1 comp>$ ) 8 affection = a relative :om he le>ns to "k aft] he has gr[n up4 ,a second reason to prove ! advisability ( grant+ a holiday to honor ! memory ( a great man is bas$ on "o ( ! mo/ univ]sally acceptable ( pro(s4 ,x is good to d a ?+ :5 o!r p d x & always h done x4 ,?is is usually "o ( ! fir/ pro(s :i* come into y\r m9d1 z is %[n by ! fact t ! av]age *ild1 on be+ refus$ some?+1 says imm$iately1 ,:y1 all ! o!r boys h x6 ,s y\r second reason is t 9 our own c\ntry & abroad no bett] way has be5 f\nd to celebrate an anniv]s>y ?an to grant a holiday on t date4 ,cite ,*ri/mas1 ! ,f\r? ( ,july1 ! ,f\rte5? ( ,july 9 ,france1 etc41 collect+ z _m in/ances z y c1 f all s\rces4 ,?is is a v important =m ( pro(1 al?\gh x %\ld r>ely be plac$ fir/ 9 y\r argum5t4 ,n[1 hav+ %[n t great m5 %\ld be honor$1 & t holidays are a good =m ( honor+ !m1 y ne$ to prove t ,wa%+ton %\ld be specially select$ f among our great m5 = su* honors4 ,!re are v>i\s reasons y might cite "h1 a few ( :i* are t he 0 ! greate/ ( ! f\nd]s ( our nation2 t 8 private "* 0 noble & dignifi$2 t he 0 ! fir/ ,am]ican to receive _w-wide recognition2 t we might n be a nation )\t him2 t1 at ! pres5t day1 we ne$ m ?an ev] to look back to 8 integrity & devotion to ! patriotic cause1 etc4 ,y h n[ giv5 en\gh pro(s to make up ! ma9 body ( y\r discussion4 ,! end ( an argum5t is call$ ! conclusion1 & sums up 9 a brief way1 b z =cibly z possible1 ! ma9 pro(s1 & ! way 9 :i* !y lead to ! conclusion y desire4 #ij4 ,! ,outl9e4--,! outl9e ( ! argum5t :i* has j be5 sket*$ = y w\ld be set d[n 9 a =m some?+ l ?is4 ,a holiday %\ld be grant$ to ?is s*ool on ,wa%+ton's ,bir?day4 ,a4 ,introduction4 ,x is tak5 = grant$ t holidays are desirable at times2 we are to prove 9 ?is case t ! tw5ty-second ( ,febru>y is a good "t = a holiday4 ,b4 ,pro(4 ,i4 ,x w\ld be b5eficial to s*ool "w1 #a4 because ! day comes at a "t :5 a break 9 ! r\t9e is ne$$2 #b4 because x comes usually 9 good w9t] wea!r1 :5 outdoor life is possible4 ,,ii4 ,x is desirable to honor ! great m5 ( a nation1 #a4 because ( our gratitude to !m2 #b4 because !y set a good example to u2 #c4 because !y help u to be patriotic4 ,,iii4 ,a holiday is a suitable means = honor+ ! memory ( a great man1 #a4 because x is an important occasion = all pupils1 & fixes _! att5tion on ! reason = grant+ x2 #b4 because all ov] ! _w holidays are giv5 & always h be5 giv5 z ! be/ way ( mak+ a day memorable4 ,,iv4 ,wa%+ton %\ld be select$ = ?is honor1 #a4 because he 0 ! f\nd] ( ! nation2 #b4 because he 0 ! fir/ well-kn[n ,am]ican2 #c4 because he 0 ! fir/ presid5t1 etc4 ,c4 ,conclusion4 ,i4 ,summ+ up ( ! argum5ts4 ,,ii4 ,/atem5t ( ! conclusion4 #ia4 ,! ,plea4--,?is is an outl9e ( t =m ( argum5t :i* is sometimes call$ a plea2 an argum5t1 t is1 :i* aims to induce somebody to take action4 ,ex]cise #acg4--,make out simil> outl9es1 & write pleas1 address$ to ! s*ool au?orities1 on ! foll[+ subjects4 ,take ! side t appeals to y4 #a4 ,! weekly holiday %\ld be on ,monday in/ead ( ,saturday4 7,or %\ld n be1 accord+ to y\r convictions47 #b4 ,! summ] vacation %\ld be %ort]1 9 ord] t ! w9t] vacation might be long]4 #c4 ,gymnasium "w1 or p>ticipation 9 outdoor sports1 %\ld be compulsory = boys & girls alike4 #d4 ,music %\ld n be taught 9 ! s*ools4 #e4 ,"o =eign language %\ld be compulsory 9 ,am]ican public s*ools4 #f4 ,all pupils1 ev5 ^? :o h no natural ta/e = x1 %\ld be made to /udy good lit]ature4 #g4 ,e "o 9 ! class %\ld be =c$ to jo9 a debat+ society4 #h4 ,!re %\ld be a common s*ool libr>y1 r ?an a collection ( books 9 ea* class room4 #i4 ,x is bett] to h "o long s*ool session ) a %ort recess ?an two %ort] sessions ) an h\r or m = lun*4 #ib4 ,o!r ,=ms4--,!re are a numb] ( argum5ts :i* c sc>cely be treat$ l pleas1 s9ce _! object is n to induce somebody else to take "s action1 b to support ! tru? or ju/ice ( "s /atem5t4 ,ex]cise #ach4--;,9 treat+ ! subjects giv5 bel[1 write z ?\gh y 7 def5d+ ! /atem5t aga9/ an oppon5t4 ,or ! subjects may be tak5 z topics = debate by ! class1 "o half tak+ "o side1 & ! o!r half attack+ _! position4 #a4 ,t5nis is a bett] game ?an golf4 7,def9e :at y mean by bett]4 ,bett] = :om2 or = :at results87 #b4 ,city life is bett] ?an c\ntry life4 #c4 ,summ] 7autumn1 w9t]1 spr+7 is ! be/ "t ( ! ye>4 #d4 ,! be/ me?od to prep>e = a h>d exam9ation is to /udy h>d up to ! la/ m9ute be=e y take x4 #e4 ,*ildr5 ( =eign]s 9 ?is c\ntry %\ld le>n only ,engli% & n _! p>5t language4 #f4 ,x is bett] to live ne> ! sea ?an 9 ! m\nta9s4 #g4 ,x is easi] to d s*ool "w at home ?an 9 ! class room4 #h4 ,swimm+ is ! be/ =m ( ex]cise4 #i4 ,little *ildr5 %\ld n be taught to believe 9 ,santa ,claus1 9 fairies1 or 9 giants4 #aj4 ,novel read+ has a bad influ5ce4 #aa4 ,e "o %\ld be =c$ to le>n to dance1 to swim1 to sail a boat1 to skate1 to ride1 to le>n a trade1 etc4 #ab4 ,bonfires %\ld be all[$ 9 ! /reet on ! ev5+s ( fe/ival days ( v>i\s k9ds4 #ac4 ,pupils %\ld report ! wrong-do+s ( o!rs to ! tea*]4 #ad4 ,books %\ld be furni%$ free by public s*ools4 #ae4 ,composition is a m important /udy ?an ari?metic4 #af4 ,alms %\ld nev] be giv5 to begg>s4 #ag4 ,no exam9ation %\ld be ov] an h\r 9 l5g?4 #ah4 ,a city libr>y is z important z city s*ools4 #ai4 ,! climate ( our "p ( ! c\ntry is m conducive to good heal? ?an ! climate ( ! tropics4 ,ano!r =m ( argum5t or p]suasion consi/s 9 f9d+ reasons & /at+ !m eloqu5tly1 9 support ( a p]sonal ta/e or op9ion4 ,! same g5]al outl9e is us$ z 9 ! plea1 b ! argum5t is apt to be less imp]sonal4 ,ex]cise #aci4--;,arrange y\r reasons 9 _! logical ord] & write mo/ at l5g? ^u ^? :i* are mo/ important4 ,con/ruct y\r argum5t z ?\gh 9 answ] to ! rem>k1 ,:y d y feel t way8 ,i don't agree ) y at all4 #a4 ,i _h r be a doctor 7lawy]1 m]*ant1 cook1 tea*]1 musician1 f>m]1 etc47 ?an any?+ else4 #b4 ,i _h r be a sailor ?an a soldi]4 #c4 ,if ,i 7 n an ,am]ican1 ,i _h r be ,engli% 7,fr5*1 ,g]man1 ,italian1 ,norwegian1 ,cuban1 etc47 ?an any?+ else4 #d4 ,if ,i did n live "h1 ,i _h r live 9 ---- ?an 9 any o!r /ate2 9 ---- ?an 9 any o!r city4 #e4 ,if ,i c\ld always rema9 a c]ta9 age1 ,i %\ld pref] to be ---- ye>s old4 #f4 ,( all my /udies ,i ?9k ---- is ! mo/ valuable4 #g4 ,if ,i 7 n myself1 ,i %\ld pref] to be ----4 #h4 ,( all ! hi/orical *>act]s ,i h /udi$ ,i %\ld pref] to be ----4 #i4 ,! be/ book ,i ev] read is ----4 #aj4 ,i l poetry bett] ?an prose4 #aa4 ,unlike mo/ p1 ,i l a ra9y day 7a w9dy day1 foggy wea!r7 bett] ?an a fair day4 #ab4 ,i _h r h a cat 7a dog1 a horse1 a rabbit1 etc47 ?an any o!r pet4 ,_m ( ! above subjects c be treat$ 9 lett] =ms z pleas4 ,?is is a v good ex]cise 9 writ+ easily & famili>ly ^u a c>eful & well-con/ruct$ outl9e4 ,= in/ance1 y might take ! ab/ract subject t e "o %\ld le>n to swim4 ,make x p]sonal & write a lett] to y\r p>5ts1 ask+ to be all[$ to le>n to swim4 ,draw up y\r outl9e ) no less c>e = a famili> lett] ?an = a =mal argum5t4 ,take pa9s to try to imag9e ! argum5ts :i* w\ld be us$ on ! o!r side & br+ to be> all ! c\nt]pro( y c ?9k (4 ,y\r p>5ts w\ld naturally be anxi\s ab\t ! dang] involv$ 9 y\r le>n+ to swim4 ,oppose to ?is ! ability to save y\rself 9 ! wat] all ! re/ ( y\r life aft] y h le>n$4 ,!y may ma9ta9 t y w nev] h any occasion to swim1 s9ce y d n live ne> ! wat]4 ,y c oppose to ?is ! great frequ5cy ( j\rneys tak5 on or p>tly on wat]4 ,!y might ?9k x w\ld take too mu* "t & /r5g? f y\r /udies4 ,oppose to ?is ! fact t y mu/ h ex]cise ( "s sort1 t y "w bett] aft] y h be5 9 ! wat]1 & t y\r g5]al heal? w be bett]1 etc4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,secret>ial ,,"w #ic4 ,9 ne>ly all s*ools !re are sev]al organizations--a debat+ club1 a curr5t ev5ts club1 an a?letic association1 a bran* society = ! prev5tion ( cruelty to animals1 etc41--& 9 all ^! organizations !re is ne$ ( a special =m ( composition1 call$ secret>ial writ+1 because ! secret>y does mo/ 7al?\gh n all7 ( x4 ,:ile x may seem complicat$ & unnatural at fir/ sight because ( ! numb] ( =ms fix$ by tradition = e occasion1 x is really easi] ?an any o!r writ+ y h be5 /udy+1 s9ce ! v fact t ! =ms are fix$ makes inv5tion1 *>m1 or =ce ( /yle on y\r "p unnecess>y4 ,p]fect & unmi/akable cle>ness1 accuracy1 complet5ess1 & an obs]vance ( c]ta9 q rigidly fix$ =mul are ! ess5tials ( good secret>ial "w4 ,9 ! =mation ( an organization1 ! fir/ writ+ to be done is ! composition ( notices 7see page #acj71 s5t or po/$1 ann\nc+ a meet+ to be held = ! purpose ( =m+ a club4 ,?is fir/ notice & all o!rs ann\nc+ lat] meet+s are to be writt5 accord+ to ! g5]al plan describ$ on pages #acj-acb4 ,at ! fir/ meet+1 a *airman or presid5t & a secret>y are usually elect$1 & a committee *os5 to draw up a con/itution :i* %all be pres5t$ to ! club at ! next meet+4 ,all con/itutions are writt5 along ! same g5]al l9es4 ,a good g5]al model = a simple con/itution w be f\nd 9 ! ,app5dix4 ,! committee prec$es ! propos$ con/itution ) a p>agraph some?+ l ! foll[+3-- ,to ! ,memb]s ( ! ---- ,club3 ,y\r committee1 appo9t$ at a meet+ = ! organization ( ! ---- ,club1 respectfully submit ! foll[+ articles & by-laws1 ) ! recomm5dation t !y be adopt$ by ?is ,club4 ,dur+ a meet+ ! secret>y %\ld take accurate & c>eful notes on :at occurs1 & z soon z possible aft]w>d %\ld write 8 report ( ! proce$+s ( ! meet+4 ,?is report or record is call$ ! m9utes ( ! meet+1 & ! read+ al\d ( ! m9utes is always ! fir/ bus9ess ( ea* meet+4 ,!re %\ld be no attempt made 9 writ+ ! m9utes to make !m orig9al or int]e/+4 ,!y %\ld be p]fectly accurate & complete4 ,! cont5t ( spee*es made is n report$ 79 ord9>y m9utes71 nor are any comm5ts made on ! _s or ev5ts ( ! meet+4 ,a pla9 /atem5t ( :at took place (ficially is all t is desirable4 ,! place1 date1 & "t ( ! meet+ are set d[n fir/1 & ! "n ( ! presid+ (fic]4 ,!n x is /at$ t ! m9utes 7 read & approv$4 ,aft] ?is ! (ficial ev5ts ( ! meet+ are set d[n 9 ! ord] ( _! occurr5ce4 ,at ! end ! h\r ( adj\rnm5t is not$ & ! date fix$ = ! next meet+4 ,,we/ ,,newton1 ,,ill41 ,,public ,,s*ool ,,no4 #c4 ,! ,lit]>y ,society ( ?is s*ool held its regul> mon?ly meet+ 9 ! g5]al assembly hall1 on ,febru>y #c1 #aijf1 at #b ,p4,m41 ! presid5t1 ,rob]t ,:eel]1 9 ! *air 7or presid+74 ,aft] ! meet+ 0 call$ to ord] ! m9utes ( ! la/ meet+ 7 read by ! secret>y & 7 approv$4 ,! presid5t !n address$ ! ,society briefly ^u ! ne$ ( new books = ! s*ool libr>y1 repres5t+ to ! memb]s ! suitability ( ! ,lit]>y ,society's tak+ "s action 9 ! matt]4 ,x 0 mov$ by ,miss ,m>y ,smi? t ! ,lit]>y ,society give an ent]ta9m5t 9 ord] to raise money = ?is purpose4 ,! motion 0 c>ri$ by unanim\s vote ( ! ,society4 ,! presid5t appo9t$ a committee1 consi/+ ( ,miss ,m>y ,smi?1 ,*airman1 ,mr4 ,cl>k ,/urgis1 & ,miss ,hel5 ,br[n1 to decide on ! nature ( ! ent]ta9m5t1 & to report to ! ,society at its next regul> meet+4 ,on ! motion ( ,mr4 ,john ,pet]s1 x 0 vot$ t ! ,pr9cipal ( ! s*ool1 ,miss ,:eel]1 %\ld be made an honor>y memb] ( ! ,society4 ,! lit]>y programme 0 !n c>ri$ out4 ,mr4 ,rob]t ,pet]s & ,miss ,ell5 ,camp recit$ a dialogue1 entitl$ ,aft] ! ,runaway4 ,miss ,edi? ,r&+ read an orig9al %ort /ory call$ ,! ,:ite ,blackbird4 ,mr4 ,elb]t ,hunt+ton deliv]$ an argum5t 9 favor ( %ort] s*ool h\rs & m home /udy4 ,at #d ,p4,m4 ! meet+ adj\rn$ to meet at #b ,p4,m4 on ,m>* #d1 #aijf4 ,,pet] ,,hackett1 ,secret>y4 ,aft] ! writ+ ( ! m9utes1 ! next duty ( ! secret>y is to see t ! memb]s ( committees appo9t$ are notifi$ ( t fact & are told :o is _! *airman4 ,"s su* =m z ! foll[+ is g5]ally us$3-- ,,public ,,s*ool ,,no4 #c1 ,,we/ ,,newton1 ,,ill41 ,febru>y #d1 #aijf4 ,,mr4 ,,cl>k ,,/urgis1 ,,de> ,,sir1-- ,at ! la/ regul> meet+ ( ! ,lit]>y ,society ( ?is s*ool1 held ,febru>y #c1 #aijf1 y 7 appo9t$ a memb] ( ! ,ent]ta9m5t ,committee1 ( :i* ,miss ,m>y ,smi? is *airman4 ,y\rs respectfully1 ,,pet] ,,hackett1 ,secret>y4 ,ex]cise #adj4--a4 ,make out a con/itution & by-laws = a debat+ society1 an a?letic association1 a nature /udy club1 a read+ club1 a lit]>y society1 a walk+ club1 a sew+ society1 a *ess club4 #b4 ,write m9utes = ! regul> meet+ ( any "o ( ^! organizations4 #c4 ,write lett]s ( notifications to committees appo9t$ at ^! meet+s4 ,!re are usually sev]al p]man5t committees to :om are regul>ly ref]r$ matt]s fall+ 9 _! prov9ces4 ,"s ( ^! committees are ! f9ancial committee1 ! ent]ta9m5t committee1 ! memb]%ip committee1 ! programme committee1 etc4 ,:5 ! club votes t "s "q be ref]r$ to "o ( ^! committees1 x is ! duty ( ! secret>y to write a notice ( ref]5ce 9 "s su* =m z ?is3-- ,,! ,,musical ,,club ,,( ,,! ,,caxton ,,s*ool4 ,,(fice ,,( ,,! ,,secret>y1 ,,*icago1 ,,ill41 ,may #bc1 #aijf4 ,,mr4 ,,elm] ,,h5d]son1 ,*airman ( ,memb]%ip ,committee1 ,musical ,club ( ! ,caxton ,s*ool4 ,,de> ,,sir1-- ,at ! la/ meet+ ( ! ,musical ,club1 ! "q ( ! admission to ! ,club ( ?ree pupils f ! l[] grades 0 ref]r$ to y\r committee4 ,!y are ,h5ry ,appleton1 9 ! ,fif? ,grade1 ,m>y ,monkh\se1 9 ! ,six? ,grade1 & ,p>sons ,la?am1 9 ! ,f\r? ,grade4 ,! respective tea*]s ( ! above-m5tion$ pupils repres5t !m z be+ suffici5tly advanc$ 9 ! /udy ( music to become useful memb]s ( our ,club4 ,y\r committee is reque/$ to look into ! matt] & report at ! next regul> meet+4 ,y\rs v truly1 ,,hel5 ,,irv+1 ,secret>y4 ,! answ] ( ! committee w\ld be z foll[s3-- ,,*icago1 ,,ill41 ,may #bh1 #aijf4 ,to ! ,musical ,club ( ! ,caxton ,s*ool3 ,! ,memb]%ip ,committee1 to :om on ! #bc;d day ( ! pres5t mon? 0 ref]r$ ! "q ( ! admission to ! ,musical ,club ( ?ree pupils f ! l[] grades1 ) in/ructions to asc]ta9 _! pr(ici5cy 9 music1 respectfully report t !y h giv5 due att5tion to ! matt] ref]r$ to !m & f9d3-- ,t ,h5ry ,appleton plays ! viol9 well en\gh to play a second "p 9 ! qu>tet4 ,t ,m>y ,monkh\se has a good voice & reads music at sight flu5tly4 ,t ,p>sons ,la?am is z yet too unc]ta9 9 8 ma/]y ( ! flute to take a "p 9 our or*e/ra4 ,y\r committee !re=e recomm5ds t ! fir/ two be admitt$ to memb]%ip1 b n ! la/4 ,respectfully submitt$1 ,= ! ,committee1 ,,elm] ,,h5d]son1 ,*airman4 ,ex]cise #ada4--a4 ,write a notice ( ref]5ce to a committee on ent]ta9m5t1 ask+ !m to decide on a programme = ! annual meet+4 ,answ] z f ! committee4 #b4 ,write a notice ( ref]5ce to a committee on f9ance1 ask+ !m to look into ! co/ ( r5t+ a hall = ! meet+ ( a dramatic society4 ,answ]4 #c4 ,write a notice ( ref]5ce to a committee on f9ance1 ask+ !m to report ^u ! probable co/ ( a set ( ,dick5s = ! s*ool libr>y4 ,answ]4 ,a club sometimes wi%es to s5d a memb] z delegate to an assembly or conv5tion ( simil> clubs4 ,:5 he arrives at ! conv5tion1 he ne$s some?+ to %[ t he has be5 regul>ly elect$ a delegate1 & ?is is furni%$ him by ! secret>y 9 ! foll[+ =m3-- ,,columbus1 ,,ohio1 ,m>* #cj1 #aijf4 ,to ! ,?irte5? ,annual ,conv5tion ( ! ,s*ool ,bran*es ( ! ,s4 ,p4 ,c4 ,a43 ,?is c]tifies t ,james ,h>r[ has be5 duly elect$ a delegate f ! ,columbus ,s4 ,p4 ,c4 ,a4 to ! ,?irte5? ,annual ,conv5tion ( ! ,s*ool ,bran*es ( ! ,society = ! ,prev5tion ( ,cruelty to ,animals4 ,,h5ry ,,swift1 ,secret>y4 ,su* a lett] is call$ ! delegate's cr$5tials4 ,all ! usual duties ( a secret>y1 s f> z 8 writ+ goes1 h n[ be5 /at$1 b !re are o!r occasions = secret>ial writ+ & = ! use ( set & cu/om>y =ms1 :i* arise 9 connection ) ! duties ( o!r (fic]s4 ,! presid5t's report is usually annual1 & is pres5t$ to ! club :5 he retires to make way = ! new presid5t4 ,?is report is less =mal ?an o!r secret>ial writ+4 ,x is suppos$ to pres5t 9 a cle> & cond5s$ =m a picture ( ! activities ( ! ,club dur+ ! ye>4 ,! treasur] %\ld keep ! club in=m$ frequ5tly & 9 detail ( ! /ate ( its f9ances4 ,a cu/om>y =m = ! beg9n+ ( 8 report is3-- ,! und]sign$1 ,treasur] ( ! ,musical ,club1 respectfully submits ! foll[+ report = ! mon? end+ ,may #ae1 #aijf3-- ,! balance on h& at ! beg9n+ ( ! mon? 0 ?ree doll>s & =ty c5ts4 ,!re has be5 receiv$ f all s\rces dur+ ! mon? two doll>s & sixty c5ts4 ,dur+ ! mon? ! exp5ses am\nt$ to f\r doll>s1 leav+ a balance 9 ! treasury ( two doll>s4 ,! annex$ /atem5t w %[ 9 detail ! receipts & exp5ditures4 ,,rob]t ,,h>ris1 ,treasur]4 ,! mo/ difficult =m ( secret>ial writ+ is ! draft+ ( preambles & resolutions4 ,^! are us$ = _m purposes3 to convey ! ?anks ( ! club to a p]son :o has done some?+ = x1 to express condol5ce ) ! family ( a memb] :o has di$1 to s5d good wi%es to a memb] leav+ ! club on acc\nt ( *ange ( resid5ce1 to voice ! s5tim5ts ( ! club on "s matt] ( public int]e/4 ,! preamble or fir/ "p 7:i* is n always us$7 foll[s 9 g5]al a fix$ =m1 b to ! compos+ ( resolutions applies all t 0 said ( ! writ+ ( petitions4 ,!y call = a graceful /yle1 a good & melodi\s *oice ( words1 & !y aim to produce a favorable effect on ! read]4 ,foll[+ is an example ( a preamble & resolutions3-- ,,:]eas ! ,rev]5d ,george ,s4 ,/irl+ has honor$ ?is ,club by appe>+ be=e u & deliv]+ an address1 & :]eas ?is club feels deeply ! pr(it & pleasure x ga9$ f 8 spee*1 !re=e1 be x ,,resolv$1 ,t we place on record our deep appreciation ( ! honor :i* ,mr4 ,/irl+ did u1 & our conviction t he has pr(\ndly influ5c$ = ! bett] all :o he>d him4 ,,resolv$1 ,t we t5d] to him our w>me/ ?anks = cons5t+ to address u4 ,,resolv$1 ,t a copy ( ^! resolutions be s5t to ,mr4 ,/irl+4 ,! resolutions w\ld be s5t to ,mr4 ,/irl+ 9 a lett] l ! foll[+3-- ,,rev]5d ,,george ,s4 ,,/irl+1 ,,de> ,,sir1-- ,at a meet+ ( ! ,club1 held 1 ! foll[+ resolutions 7 unanim\sly adopt$3-- ,:]eas1 ! ,rev]5d ,george ,s4 ,/irl+1 etc4 ,,george ,,oldham1 ,,h5ry ,,mill]1 ,secret>y4 ,presid5t4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,v]sification #id4 ,poetry is ! mo/ beautiful & attractive =m ( writ+1 & 9 ! highe/ s5se is by f> ! mo/ difficult1 s9ce x is n only complicat$ 9 =m1 b is highly emotional & /irs deeply ! feel+s ( ! read]4 ,to write real poetry is1 !re=e1 out ( ! rea* ( mo/ ( u1 b to write v]se is n s difficult z x is usually ?\ght1 & x is an excell5t ex]cise 9 le>n+ control ( words4 ,v]se mak+ gives skill 9 manipulat+ language &1 because ( ! ne$ = +5uity & flexibility 9 s5t5ce con/ruction & = v>iety 9 ! *oice ( words1 x helps 9 writ+ prose4 ,m ?an ?is1 y w f9d t "s practice 9 manag+ v]se-=ms y\rself w enable y to und]/& & admire m intellig5tly ! poetry y read4 ,i w&]'d lonely z a cl\d ,t floats on high o'er vales & hills2 ,:5 all at once ,i saw a cr[d1 ,a ho/ ( gold5 daffodils1 ,beside ! lake1 b5ea? ! trees1 ,flutt]+ & danc+ 9 ! breeze4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! s5t5ces 9 ?is extract & ord9>y prose s5t5ces8 ,if y read !m ov] al\d1 y w see t !y are con/ruct$ on a def9ite plan4 ,y notice t1 z 9 pron\nc+ al\d e ^w ( m ?an "o syllable1 y acc5t "o ( !m m ?an ! o!rs 7pragraph1 assm+71 j s y acc5t "s syllables 9 ea* l9e ( ! v]se4 ,y\r voice naturally falls f\r times1 ?us1 ,i wnd]'d lnely s a clod & 9 e l9e x falls ! same numb] ( times4 ,! fact t !re is a fix$ & regul> numb] ( acc5ts 9 ea* l9e makes x v]se & n prose1 & to write correct v]se y mu/ keep to a regul> recurr5ce ( acc5ts 9 y\r l9es4 ,a l9e to :i* y naturally give ?ree acc5ts is said to h ?ree feet2 f\r acc5ts1 f\r feet1 etc4 ,a foot or patt]n ( syllables :i* is repeat$ to make up ! l9e consi/s ( an acc5t$ syllable & "o or m unacc5t$ ones4 ,! foot is nam$ accord+ to ! arrangem5t ( syllables 9 x1 b x is n necess>y = y n[ to "k ! names1 :i* come f ! ,greek & are h>d to rememb]4 ,f\r ( ! be/-kn[n feet are m5tion$ "h1 ) examples4 ,! acc5t$ syllable is m>k$ & ! unacc5t$ 74 7,i wnde7r'd lnel7y s 7a clod4 ,iambic 74 ,tll m7e nt 79 mornf7ul nmb7ers4 ,tro*aic 74 ,b7ut 7we /edf7ztl7y gz$ 7on t7he fce ?7at w7as dad4 ,anape/ic 7 7 4 ,brd 7of t7he wld7ern7ess1 bl!s7ome a7nd cmb7erl7ess4 ,dactylic 7 74 ,^! names ref] to ! arrangem5t ( syllables 9 ! foot4 ,!re are o!r names t ref] to ! numb] ( times ! foot is repeat$ 9 ! l9e4 ,^! also come f ! ,greek & are long & difficult1 b are no m necess>y = y to le>n n[ ?an ! names ( feet4 ,if y c pick out ! arrangem5t ( syllables :i* make up a foot1 & ! numb] ( feet 9 a l9e1 y c make a patt]n = y\rself out ( any piece ( poetry4 ,! names & examples ( ! mo/ common met]s are "h giv5 = ref]5ce1 h[ev]4 #a4 ,?ree feet to ! l9e1 ?ree-acc5t l9e or trimet]4 ,h7is voce 7no mre 7is herd4 #b4 ,f\r feet to ! l9e1 f\r-acc5t l9e or tetramet]4 ,buld 7me /raght1 7,o wr?7y ,m/7er4 #c4 ,five feet to ! l9e1 five-acc5t l9e or p5tamet]4 7,at l/1 w7i? had 7erect1 ?7us cred 7alod4 #d4 ,six feet to ! l9e1 six-acc5t l9e or hexamet]4 ,t7he ,ny'mphs 79 tngl7ed %des ( t'wilig7ht ?ck7ets m\'rn4 ,turn to any collection ( poetry1 & see h[ _m ( ! feet & met]s y c recognize4 ,y w f9d1 al?\gh ! acc5t gradually recurs aft] a regul> numb] ( syllables1 t x does n inv>iably d s2 b y w also notice t ?is does n affect ! acc5t+ ( ! l9e4 ,= in/ance1 y give ?ree acc5ts to ! l9e1 ,& ,i w\ld t my tongue c\ld utt]1 :]e !re are t5 syllables1 b y also give ?ree to ! l9e1 ,break1 break1 break4 ,y mu/ le>n1 !re=e1 to di/+ui% "o v>iety ( met] f ano!r by ! numb] ( times y\r voice naturally makes an acc5t 9 read+ x al\d2 b = y\r own v]se mak+ x is a simpl] & bett] rule to arrange y\r l9e s t !re is ! same numb] ( syllables betwe5 ea* acc5t4 ,y w f9d ?is a v g5]al rule 9 all poetry1 & x is a good guide = beg9n]s4 ,y c take1 !n1 any piece ( poetry :i* y admire & make f x a patt]n = y\rself4 ,suppose y wi% to write a v]se describ+ a ra9y day4 ,y turn to ,:itti]'s ,sn[-,b\nd z a suitable model3-- ,! sun t brief ,decemb] day ,rose *e]less ov] hills ( gray1 ,&1 d>kly circl$1 gave at noon ,a sadd] light ?an wan+ moon4 ,read+ ! l9es al\d1 y see t !y h f\r acc5ts or feet1 & ea* foot has two syllables1 ! second ( :i* is regul>ly acc5t$4 ,m>k+ ! acc5t$ & unacc5t$ syllables z %[n above1 & !n tak+ away ! words1 y h left a patt]n by :i* y c te/ y\r own l9es1 namely u -- u -- u -- u --4 ,n[1 if y wi% to write 9 metrical or v]se =m ! /atem5t t ! ra9 res\nd+ on ! ro( s\nd$ z ?\gh a great _m little drums 7 be+ beat51 y might write1-- ,! ra9 drumm$ l\d z ?\gh ! elves ,7 play+ soldi]4 ,y\r idea is n[ completely /at$1 & if y 7 writ+ prose y c\ld /op !re2 b on consult+ y\r patt]n y see t y ne$ "o acc5t$ syllable to f9i% ! la/ foot y h writt51 & "o m foot to f9i% y\r la/ l9e4 ,9 y\r ef=t to add ^! ?ree syllables1 arrang$ 9 words :i* w complete ! picture y\r l9es sugge/1 y w readily hit ^u "s su* phrase z ov]head1 on ! ro(1 9 a cr[d1 or noisily4 ,y w !n h writt5 two l9es ( correct v]se2 b 9 comp>+ !m ) ! fir/ two l9es ( ,sn[-,b\nd1 y\r model1 y w notice "o diff]5ce4 ,( ! la/ words 9 ea* pair ( l9es f ,sn[-,b\nd all b ! fir/ consonants are ! same & h ! same s\nd4 ,^! are call$ rhym+ words4 ,ne>ly all v]se rhymes4 ,words are consid]$ to rhyme :5 !y h ! same acc5t$ v[el s\nd1 diff]5t consonants prec$+ ! acc5t$ v[el s\nd1 & ! same s\nds foll[+ ! acc5t$ v[el s\nd4 ,"o /umbl+-block 9 ! way ( beg9n]s 9 v]se mak+ is ! fact t ,engli% words are spell$ s diff]5tly f ! way !y are pron\nc$4 ,d n be misl$ by ?is4 ,rememb] t x is ! acc5t$ v[el s\nd t mu/ be ! same 9 bo? words1 & te/ y\r rhymes by say+ !m al\d4 ,?us vessel & wre/le1 despair & b>e1 gaze & bays1 bird & he>d1 rhyme p]fectly1 al?\gh !y look s v diff]5t1 b door & boor are n good rhymes1 al?\gh !y look j alike1 nor are tr\gh & b\gh1 & ?r\gh & pl\gh4 ,rhymes usually occur at ! end ( l9es1 b n always1 z 9 ,sn[-,b\nd1 at ! end ( ea* pair ( l9es4 ,j z syllables are arrang$ 9 feet & feet are arrang$ 9 l9es1 s l9es are arrang$ 9 /anzas4 ,! %orte/ /anza is two l9es rhym$4 ,?is is call$ a c\plet4 ,poets !mselves mu/ fall1 l ^? !y sung1 ,deaf ! prais$ e>1 & mute ! tuneful tongue4 ,some:at m r>ely1 !re are /anzas ( ?ree l9es1 call$ triplets1 ) all ! l9es rhym+4 ,d>k1 deep1 & cold ! curr5t fl[s ,unto ! sea :]e no w9d bl[s1 ,seek+ ! l& :i* no "o kn[s4 ,! mo/ common =m ( ,engli% v]se is writt5 9 /anzas ( f\r l9es ea*4 ,! rhymes may be arrang$ 9 all ! comb9ations possible4 ,! fir/ & ?ird & ! second & f\r? may rhyme1 z 9 ballads3-- ,o ,brignal banks are wild & fair1 ,& ,greta woods are gre52 ,& y may ga!r g>l&s !re ,w\ld grace a summ] que54 ,or ! fir/ & f\r? l9es & ! second & ?ird may rhyme3-- ,n[ r+s ! woodl& l\d & long1 ,! di/ance takes a loveli] hue2 ,& dr[n$ 9 yond] liv+ blue ,! l>k becomes a sightless s\nd4 ,or ! second & f\r? l9es may be ! only ones to rhyme3-- ,he praye? be/ :o love? be/ ,all ?+s bo? great & small1 ,= ! de> ,god :o love? u ,he made & love? all4 ,9 long] /anzas ! rhymes may be arrang$ 9 almo/ any way1 provid$ t !y foll[ "s regul> plan4 ,notice1 = in/ance1 ! arrangem5t ( rhymes 9 ,br[n+'s well-kn[n song3-- ,! ye>'s at ! spr+ ,& day's at ! morn2 ,morn+'s at sev52 ,! hillside's dew-pe>l$2 ,! l>k's on ! w+2 ,! snail's on ! ?orn3 ,god's 9 8 heav5-- ,all's "r ) ! _w4 ,a conv5i5t way ( indicat+ briefly h[ ! rhymes 9 a /anza are arrang$ is by ! use ( ! lett]s ( ! alphabet3 ?us1 a c\plet w\ld be said to h its rhymes arrang$ a a2 a quatra9 l ! ,brignal banks1 a b a b2 ! /anza ,n[ r+s1 a b b a4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 _m o!r comb9ations ( syllables 9 feet1 ( feet 9 l9es1 & ( l9es 9 /anzas ?an h be5 giv5 "h1 b ^! are ! mo/ common =ms & ^? t y w be mo/ likely to see 9 y\r read+ & to use 9 y\r v]se mak+4 ,ex]cise #adb4--;,i4 ,arrange ! foll[+ 9 /anza =m1 lett+ y\rself be guid$ by ! recurr5ce ( a regul> numb] ( feet 9 ea* l9e & by ! rhyme4 #a4 ,tig]1 tig]1 burn+ bright 9 ! =e/s ( ! night1 :at immortal h& or eye c\ld frame ?y fe>ful symmetry8 #b4 ,! %ip 0 *e]'d1 ! h>bor cle>'d1 m]rily did we drop bel[ ! kirk1 bel[ ! hill1 bel[ ! light-h\se top4 ,! sun came up ^u ! left1 out ( ! sea came he1 & he %one bright & on ! "r w5t d[n into ! sea4 #c4 ,we wat*$ h] brea?+ ?r\gh ! night1 h] brea?+ s(t & l[1 z 9 h] brea/ ! wave ( life kept heav+ to & fro4 ,our v hopes beli$ our fe>s1 our fe>s our hopes beli$--we ?\ght h] dy+ :5 %e slept & sleep+ :5 %e di$4 #d4 ,:]e ! bee sucks1 !re suck ,i2 9 a c[slip's bell ,i lie2 !re ,i cr\* :5 owls d cry4 ,on ! bat's w+ ,i d fly aft] summ] m]rily4 ,m]rily1 m]rily1 %all ,i live n[ "u ! blossom t hangs on ! b\gh4 #e4 ,i lov$ ! brimm+ wave t swam ?r\gh quiet mead[s r\nd ! mill1 ! sleep+ pool above ! dam1 ! pools b5ea? x nev] /ill1 ! meal sacks on ! :it5'd floor1 ! d>k r\nd ( ! dripp+ :eel1 ! v air ar\nd ! door made mi/y ) ! float+ meal4 ,,ii4 ,complete ! rhymes 9 ! foll[+3-- ,:5 ,i 0 sick & lay a-b$ ,i _h two pill[s at my ---- ,& all my toys beside me lay ,to keep me happy all ! ---- ,h[ d y l to g up 9 a sw+ ,up 9 ! air s blue6 ,oh1 ,i d ?9k x's ! pleasante/ ---- ,ev] a *ild c ---- ,?r\gh all ! pleasant mead[-side ,! grass grew %\ld] high ,till ! %9+ scy!s w5t f> & ---- ,& cut x d[n to ----4 ,! fight did la/ f break ( day ,till sett+ ( ! ---- ,= :5 !y rang ! ev5+ bell ,! battle 0 sc>ce ---- ,9 summ] "t 9 ,breton ,! bells !y s\nd s cle>4 ,r\nd bo? ! %ires !y r+ !m ,9 /eeples f> & ---- ,a happy noise to ---- ,an excell5t ex]cise = tra9+ y\r e> is to h "s "o read v]se al\d to y1 leav+ y to complete ! rhym$ l9es4 ,y h n[ le>n$ a few simple rules ab\t ! con/ruction ( two or ?ree ( ! mo/ common =ms ( v]se1 & y may ask y\rself :at use y c make ( !m4 ,"o way 9 :i* y c employ v]se is 9 writ+ a %ort /ory or incid5t4 ,! simple/ anecdote is (t5 s set (f by tell+ x 9 v]se t its int]e/ is d\bl$2 & y w f9d ?is sort ( famili>1 conv]sational v]se unexpect$ly easy to write4 ,"o v good v>iety ( /ory to tell 9 v]se is ! fable3-- ,miss ,gras%opp] hav+ sung ,all ?r\gh summ]1 ,f\nd h]self 9 sorry plight ,:5 ! w9d began to bite2 ,n a bit ( grub or fly ,met ! little wanton's eye2 ,s %e wept = hung] sore ,at ! ,ant1 h] neighbor's door1 ,begg+ h] j once to b5d1 ,& a little gra9 to l5d ,till w>m wea!r came aga94 ,i w pay y1 cri$ %e1 !n1 ,ere next h>ve/1 on my s\l1 ,int]e/ & pr9cipal4 ,n[ ! ,ant is n a l5d]4 ,f t *>ge :o ne$s def5d h]8 ,tell me :at y did la/ summ]8 ,said %e to ! begg> maid4 ,day & night to e com] ,i 0 s++1 ,i'm afraid4 ,s+6 ,d tell6 ,h[ entranc+6 ,well !n1 vagrant1 (f6 be danc+6 ,ex]cise #adc4--,see if y c complete ,! ,h>e & ! ,tortoise f ! beg9n+ & ! skeleton giv5 bel[4 ,h[ ev]ybody laugh$ to he> ,! h>e _h plann$ a race ,aga9/ ! tortoise1 pati5t1 dull1 ,& v sl[ ( ----4 ,! h>e assur$ !m "o & all1 ,x's b t ,i may %[ ,t ,i c sleep till ne> ! dusk ,& beat ! -- u -- -- u -- ran l ! w9d ,& almo/ rea*$ ! goal1 u -- u -- amid ! hay ,& slept1 ! lazy ----6 u -- u -- ! h>e /ill slept u -- u pass$ him by1 u -- u -- u -- aga9 ,x 0 too late to try ,to rea* ! goal1 or w9 u -- ,! tortoise by my tro? u -- u -- u /ead9ess u -- u -- u slo?4 ,ex]cise #add4--,try to put into v]se1 on ?is model1 ,! ,fox & ! ,grapes1 ,! ,city ,m\se & ! ,c\ntry ,m\se1 ,! ,wolf & ! ,lamb1 ,! ,frog & ! ,/ork1 ,! ,wood*opp] & ,dea?1 ,! ,goose t laid ! ,gold5 ,eggs1--or any o!r fable y h kn[n 9 prose4 ,sometimes x may be int]e/+ to y to try to write a lett] or to s5d an invitation 9 v]se4 ,"s ( ! greate/ writ]s h amus$ !mselves by mak+ su* playful use ( v]se 9 lett]s4 ,"h is "p ( a lett] writt5 f ,india by ,bi%op ,phillips ,brooks to 8 little niece4 ,little ,mi/ress ,joseph9e1 ,tell me1 h y ev] se5 ,*ildr5 half z que] z ^! ,babies f across ! seas8 ,see _! funny little fi/s1 ,see ! r+s ^u _! wri/s4 ,"o has v little clo!s1 ,"o has jewels 9 h] nose2 ,& !y all h silv] bangles ,on _! little hea!n ankles4 ,9 _! e>s are curi\s ?+s1 ,r\nd _! necks are beads & /r+s1 ,& !y j+le z !y walk1 ,& !y talk outl&i% talk3 ,d y want to "k _! names8 ,"o is call$ ,jee ,f+ee ,hames2 ,"o ,buddh&a ,arri* ,bas1 ,"o ,teehundee ,hanki ,sas4 ,ar5't y glad !n1 little ,que51 ,t y\r "n is ,joseph9e8 ,t y live 9 ,spr+field1 or ,n at lea/ 9 old ,jeypore8 ,t y\r ,*ri/ian p>5ts are ,john & ,hattie1 ,pa & ,ma8 ,t y've an entire nose ,& no r+s ^u y\r toes8 ,9 a ^w1 t ,hat & y ,d n h to be ,h9du8 ,ex]cise #ade4--a4 ,try writ+ a rhym$ lett]1 describ+ an exp$ition 9 :i* y h tak5 "p1--a railway j\rney1 a picnic1 a ride4 ,or write an invitation1 f y\r class to ! class bel[1 to a spell+ mat*1 or ent]ta9m5t y are giv+4 #b4 ,read ,! ,"o-,hoss ,%ay1 ,john ,gilp9's ,ride1 ,lo*9v>1 ,! ,leg5d ( ,bi%op ,hatto1 ,! ,falcon--or any poem y "k :i* tells a /ory1 & try y\r own h& at turn+ into v]se "o ( ! /ories y wrote 9 y\r /udy ( n>ration4 ,! uses ( v]se :i* h be5 po9t$ out z possible to y are n out ( ! "q = any "o :o c write at all4 ,?is is v]se mak+ & n poetry4 ,b !re may be times :5 y f9d t y c say :at y mean bett] 9 a few words ( v]se ?an 9 _m ( ord9>y prose1 t y c express "s aspect ( out ( doors1 or "s s5sation1 m vividly 9 v]se ?an 9 any o!r way4 ,y w notice t words seem (t5 to h a great] =ce & life 9 poetry ?an 9 prose1 & if y make use ( ?is quality1 y w be writ+ real poetry4 ,= in/ance1 "o day a ?ird-grade class 0 ask$ to write a description ( ! conditions t morn+ 9 ! woods ne> ! s*ool4 ,x _h ra9$ & sn[$ ! night be=e & ev]y?+ 0 coat$ 9 ice4 ,! w9d 0 high &1 %ak+ ! bran*es viol5tly1 s5t d[n a cont9u\s %[] ( t9y pieces ( ice1 gli/5+ 9 ! sun & t9kl+ on ! ice-cov]$ sn[4 ,_m long compositions 7 writt5 9 ! attempt to describe ! effect su* a day made on ! obs]v]2 e "o agre$ t a little boy1 eight ye>s old1 :o wrote ! foll[+ l9es1 _h be/ express$ ! s+ul> _s ( ! morn+3-- ,! trees are all s silv]y ,& ! fairies dance ar\nd2 ,!y make a pretty t9kle ,z !y /ep ^u ! gr\nd4 ,!y dance ^u ! tree tops ,& dance ^u ! gr\nd4 ,( c\rse1 t is n p]fect v]se1 b x has a quality ( real poetry 9 x4 ,y _c expect great results f y\r v]se mak+1 b y w c]ta9ly pr(it by "s practice 9 manag+ met]s4 ,y w h a great] int]e/ 9 ! con/ruction ( ! poetry y read1 y w h great] ease 9 writ+ prose1 & y may p]haps succe$ 9 express+ "s feel+ ( y\r own 9 a simple /anza :i* w be wor? writ+ = its own sake4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,punctuation #ie4 ,g5]al ,!ory ( ,punctuation4--,punctuation is a way ( %[+ by v>i\s signs 7or po9ts7 :i* words 9 a writt5 composition be> a close relation to "o ano!r4 ,read1 = example1 ! foll[+ passage3-- ,z ,p&ora rais$ ! lid1 ! cottage grew v d>k & dismal2 a black cl\d _h swept ov] ! sun1 & seem$ to h buri$ x alive4 ,b ,p&ora1 he$+ no?+ ( all ?is1 lift$ ! lid ne>ly upright1 & look$ inside4 ,x seem$ z if sudd5ly a sw>m ( w+$ insects bru%$ pa/ h]1 tak+ flight out ( ! box1 :ile at ! same in/ant %e he>d a voice4 ,x 0 t ( ,epime!us1 z if he 7 9 pa94 ,oh1 ,i am /ung6 cri$ he4 ,i am /ung6 ,naughty ,p&ora6 ,:y h y op5$ ?is wick$ box8 ,! p]iod at ! end ( ! fir/ s5t5ce %[s t all ! words prec$+ x are to be tak5 toge!r4 ,notice ! simil> use ( ! o!r p]iods4 ,notice ! semicolon :i* is us$ to sep>ate ! two clauses ( ! fir/ s5t5ce4 ,ea* clause is complete 9 itself & might be tak5 sep>ately2 yet !y are suffici5tly relat$ to be includ$ 9 "o s5t5ce4 ,! semicolon is !re=e us$ to %[ a slight] sep>ation betwe5 ! ?\ghts ?an w\ld be indicat$ by ! use ( ! p]iod4 ,! commas %[ a /ill slight] sep>ation1 be+ us$ to divide ! less] gr\ps ( words4 ,notice ?is use ( ! two commas 9 ! fir/ s5t5ce4 ,9 ! second s5t5ce ! commas be=e & aft] he$+ no?+ ( all ?is %[ t ^! words belong toge!r1 & t ,b ,p&ora belongs to lift$ ! lid1 etc4 ,notice ! use ( ! int]rogation po9t & ! exclamation po9t 9 ! la/ p>agraph4 ,^! v>i\s m>ks1 !n1 are us$ to help ! read]4 ,!y %[ ! grammatical /ructure or gr\p+4 ,let u n[ /udy ^! m>ks 9 detail1 beg9n+ ) ^? t indicate ! close ( ! l>g] gr\ps1--! p]iod1 ! exclamation po9t1 ! int]rogation po9t4 #if4 ,! ,p]iod4--,! p]iod m>ks ! end ( a decl>ative or imp]ative s5t5ce4 ,! p]iod is also us$ aft] an abbreviation4 7,= a li/ ( common abbreviations1 see p4 #bfg47 #ig4 ,! ,"q ,m>k4--,! "q m>k is plac$ at ! end ( e direct "q4 ,x is n us$ ) an indirect "q4 ,%all ,i g8 ,i ask y1 ,%all ,i g8 ,i ask$ :e!r ,i %\ld g4 #ih4 ,! ,exclamation ,po9t4--,! exclamation po9t is us$ aft] exclamatory words1 phrases1 & s5t5ces4 ,:5 an exclamatory s5t5ce beg9s ) an int]jection1 x is usually suffici5t to place a comma aft] ! int]jection & to res]ve ! exclamation po9t until ! end ( ! s5t5ce4 ,:5 an unemphatic int]jection beg9s a decl>ative s5t5ce1 x is frequ5tly possible to omit ! exclamation po9t entirely4 ,z a rule ,o is us$ only 9 direct address4 ,help6 ,y rascal6 ,be (f ) y6 ,ah1 y are back aga96 ,oh1 :at a mess ,i h made ( x6 ,oh1 ,i didn't see y4 ,he> me1 ,o ,k+6 ,oh6 ,i am w\nd$6 #ii4 ,! ,semicolon4--,semicolons h two uses3-- #a4 ,to sep>ate ! pr9cipal clauses 9 a comp\nd s5t5ce4 ,to our left we beheld ! t[]s ( ! ,alhambra beetl+ above u2 to our "r we 7 dom9at$ by equal t[]s on a rocky em95ce4 ,"s suppose !m to h be5 built by ! ,romans2 o!rs1 by ! ,pho5icians4 ,he receiv$ only t5 gu9eas = ?is /ately1 vigor\s poem2 b ! sale 0 rapid & ! success complete4 ,!re 0 n[ a s\nd beh9d me l a ru%+ bla/2 ,i he>d ! clatt] ( a ?\s& ho(s2 & c\ntless ?rongs ov]took me4 ,:5 8 m5 _h ?us indemnifi$ !mselves1 9 "s degree1 = _! late rev]ses1 ,cortes call$ !m aga9 "u _! bann]s2 &1 aft] (f]+ up a grateful ackn[l$gm5t to ! ,"l ( ,ho/s = _! miracul\s pres]vation1 !y r5ew$ _! m>* across ! n[ des]t$ valley4 ,! pr9cipal clauses 9 a comp\nd s5t5ce may also be sep>at$ by a comma1 provid$ t a cord9ate conjunction is pres5t4 ,x 0 a moonlight night1 & ! fre% nor? w9d ru/l$ solemnly 9 ! palm trees4 ,we exam9$ _! sculptures by ! aid ( tor*es1 & our ,arab att5dants k9dl$ l>ge fires ( dry corn-/alks1 :i* ca/ a /rong r$ light on ! walls4 ,! =ehead & nose approa* ! ,greek /&>d1 b ! m\? is m r\ndly & delicately c>v$1 & ! *9 & *eeks are full]4 ,:5 a cord9ate conjunction is n pres5t1 x is incorrect to sep>ate su* clauses by a comma4 ,see #f4 ,:5 a cord9ate conjunction is pres5t1 & ! *oice lies betwe5 a comma & a semicolon1 ! semicolon is to be us$3-- 7a7 ,:5 ! writ] wi%es ! break or sep>ation betwe5 ! pr9cipal clauses to be emphatic4 7b7 ,:5 ! pr9cipal clauses are long & already divid$ into _! p>ts by commas4 #b4 ,to sep>ate clauses or phrases f ea* o!r 9 a s]ies ( simil> phrases or subord9ate clauses1 :5 commas w\ld n be suffici5t to indicate cle>ly :]e ea* clause or phrase began & end$4 ,we hold ^! tru?s to be self-evid5t3 t all m5 are creat$ equal2 t !y are end[$ by _! ,creator ) inh]5t & inali5able rights2 t among ^! are life1 lib]ty1 & ! pursuit ( happ9ess2 t to secure ^! rights gov]nm5ts are in/itut$ among m51 d]iv+ _! j p[]s f ! cons5t ( ! gov]n$2 t :5ev] any =m ( gov]nm5t becomes de/ructive ( ^! ends1 x is ! "r ( ! p to alt] or to aboli% x1 & to in/itute new gov]nm5t1 lay+ its f\ndations on su* pr9ciples & organiz+ its p[] 9 su* =m1 z to !m %all seem mo/ likely to effect _! happ9ess4 ,ex]cise #adf4--7a7 ,f9d ?ree s5t5ces 9 :i* ! pr9cipal clauses are sep>at$ by ! semicolon4 7#b7 ,write ?ree su* s5t5ces ( y\r own composition4 7#c7 ,write ?ree s5t5ces 9 :i* ! semicolon is us$ to sep>ate simil> phrases or subord9ate clauses 9 a s]ies4 ,let ! s5t5ces be ( y\r own composition4 #ajj4 ,! ,colon4--,! colon indicates t :at foll[s x is an explanation or specification ( :at prec$es x4 ,x is us$3-- #a4 ,to introduce a li/1 a quotation1 or an explanatory proposition4 ,:5 ! explanation beg9s a new p>agraph1 a da% is usually plac$ aft] ! colon1 z 9 ! second s5t5ce ( ?is section4 ,he provid$ himself ) ! foll[+ books3 ,worce/]'s diction>y1 a ,lat9 gramm>1 an atlas1 & a ,bible4 ,we hold ^! tru?s to be self-evid5t3 t1 etc4 ,see example "u #ii1 #b above4 ,he read1 on a m>ble tablet 9 ! *apel wall opposite1 ?is s+ul> inscription3 ,look n m\rnfully into ! pa/4 #b4 ,9 a comp\nd s5t5ce 9 :i* ! pr9cipal clauses are n connect$ by a conjunction1 to %[ t ! foll[+ clause expla9s or illu/rates ! prec$+ clause4 ,i am no travel]3 x is t5 ye>s s9ce ,i h left my village4 ,! g5]al refus$ to believe him3 ! risk 0 too great4 #c4 ,aft] su* phrases ( address z ,de> ,sir1#b ,ladies & ,g5tlem51 etc4 #b ,at ! beg9n+ ( a lett]1 ,de> ,sir may be foll[$ by 7#a7 a comma1 7#b7 a comma & a da%1 or 7#c7 a colon4 ,x %\ld nev] be foll[$ by a semicolon4 7#c7 is m =mal ?an 7#b7 & 7#a74 ,ex]cise #adg4--;,i4 ,write five examples ( y\r own composition ( 7#a72 five ( 7#b72 & ?ree ( 7#c74 ,,ii4 ,expla9 ! use ( ! semicolons & colons 9 ! foll[+3-- #a4 ,s9 has _m tools2 b a lie is ! h&le :i* fits !m all4 #b4 ,9 ,bryant's ,to a ,wat]f[l1 we f9d ! foll[+ l9es3-- ,he :o1 f zone to "o1 ,guides ?r\gh ! b\ndless sky ?y c]ta9 flight1 ,9 ! long way t ,i mu/ tread alone1 ,w lead my /eps aright4 #c4 ,spee* is silv]2 sil5ce is gold4 #d4 ,!re are ?ree great virtues3 fai?1 hope1 & *>ity4 #aja4 ,! ,comma4--,z we h se51 ! p]iod is us$ to close a decl>ative s5t5ce1 & ! semicolon & colon are us$ to m>k (f ! great] divisions ( a s5t5ce4 ,! (fice ( ! comma is to po9t (f ! small] divisions ( a s5t5ce4 ,x is us$ 9 ! foll[+ ways3-- #a4 ,9 a comp\nd s5t5ce1 to sep>ate ! diff]5t clauses1 :5 !re is n a suffici5t break 9 ! ?\ght to make ! semicolon necess>y4 ,see above1 #ii1 #a4 ,he re/$ himself 9 ! ,*ancellor's room till ! debate comm5c$1 & !n1 lean+ on 8 two relatives1 he limp$ to 8 seat4 ,8 ex]tions r$eem$ 8 own fame1 b !y effect$ little = 8 c\ntry4 #b4 ,to sep>ate ! diff]5t p>ts ( a comp\nd pr$icate1 unless ! connection betwe5 !m is v close4 ,! slighte/ p>ticul>s ( t day 7 rememb]$1 & h be5 c>efully record$4 ,he lo/ ! ?read ( 8 disc\rse1 hesitat$1 repeat$ ! same words sev]al times1 & 0 s confus$ t1 9 speak+ ( ! ,act ( ,settlem5t1 he c\ld n recall ! "n ( ! ,electress ,sophia4 ,i see & he> y4 #c4 ,9 a complex s5t5ce 9 :i* ! dep5d5t clause prec$es1 to sep>ate ! dep5d5t clause f ! pr9cipal clause4 ,:5 ! dep5d5t clause foll[s1 ! comma is1 z a rule1 n ne$$4 ,if y are wise1 y w tru/ him implicitly4 ,al?\gh ,i saw him1 ,i c\ld n wait4 ,i w\ld n /op until he call$ out to me4 #d4 ,to m>k (f an explanatory relative clause4 ,note4--,relative clauses may be r\ghly divid$ into explanatory clauses & re/rictive clauses4 ,an explanatory relative clause describes or gives in=mation ab\t its antec$5ts4 ,a re/rictive relative clause n>r[s ! mean+ ( its antec$5t4 ,an explanatory clause might usually be omitt$ )\t affect+ ! ?\ght ( ! pr9cipal clause4 ,a re/rictive clause _c usually be omitt$ )\t affect+ ! ?\ght ( ! pr9cipal clause4 ,no comma is us$ be=e a re/rictive clause4 ,,examples4 7a7 ,explanatory ,clauses4--#a4 ,! tw5ty-f\r columns1 ea* ( :i* is sixty feet 9 height1 are oppressive 9 _! gr&eur4 #b4 ,beyond lay v>i\s o!r ap>tm5ts1 :i* receive no light f )\t4 #c4 ,?is *ur*man rode ^u a well-f$1 ambl+ mule1 ^: bridle 0 ornam5t$ ) silv] bells4 #d4 ,8 companion1 :o 0 a man pa/ =ty1 0 tall & muscul>4 7b7 ,re/rictive ,clauses4--#a4 ,! two :o rode =emo/ 7 p]sons ( importance4 #b4 ,?is is n ! book t ,i ord]$4 #c4 ,!re is no reason :i* c be urg$ 9 favor ( su* a bill4 #d4 ,su* 0 ! appe>ance ( ! man :o 0 ab\t to receive into 8 h& ! de/9ies ( half ! _w4 #e4 ,we walk$ ?r\gh ! inn] halls "u ! spell ( a fasc9ation :i* we _h h>dly p[] to break4 #e4 ,9 g5]al1 to indicate ! beg9n+ & ! end ( a gr\p ( words1 :e!r a phrase or a clause1 :i* mu/ be reg>d$ z a unit1 p>ticul>ly if x occurs p>5!tically4 ,let u g toge!r ?r\gh ! l[ gateway1 ) its battlem5t$ top & small w9d[ 9 ! c5t]1 into ! inn] road4 ,& n[ ,i wi% t ! read]1 be=e ,i br+ him into ,/4 ,m>k's ,place1 w\ld imag9e himself 9 a little ,engli% t[n4 #f4 ,to sep>ate simil> words or phrases us$1 9 a s]ies1 9 ! same con/ruction1 & n jo9$ by conjunctions4 ,x 0 done quickly1 neatly1 arti/ically4 ,x 0 done quickly & neatly4 ,he 0 a big1 he>ty1 happy fell[4 ,! horse 0 a quiet1 s5sible old bea/4 ,"h quiet & s5sible limit old bea/1 n bea/ alone4 ,he 0 gay & jovial1 gloomy & despond5t1 z ! wea!r indicat$4 ,if ! memb]s ( ! s]ies are jo9$ by conjunctions1 commas are unnecess>y4 ,:51 h[ev]1 a conjunction jo9s ! la/ two memb]s ( ! s]ies1 ! comma is employ$4#c #c ,! usage ( _m writ]s & publi%]s1 h[ev]1 is to omit commas 9 su* cases2 t is1 !y pref] a1 b & c1 to a1 b1 & c4 ,! latt] usage1 z describ$ above1 is foll[$ 9 ?is book4 ,bread & butt]4 ,%e 0 good & true & beautiful4 ,!y visit$ ,rome1 ,flor5ce1 & ,v5ice4 #g4 ,to indicate ! omission ( words logically necess>y to ! con/ruction4 ,"o 0 tall2 ! o!r1 %ort4 ,admission1 tw5ty-five c5ts4 #h4 ,to m>k (f phrases :5 !y op5 a s5t5ce or are n closely connect$ ) ! context4 ,phrases occurr+ 9 _! usual places & closely connect$ ) ! context are1 h[ev]1 n m>k$ (f by commas4 ,foll[+ ! dim pa?1 we proce$$ sl[ly4 ,on 8 arrival 9 ,engl&1 he f\nd himself an object ( g5]al int]e/ & admiration4 ,) r>e delicacy1 he refus$ to receive ?is tok5 ( gratitude4 ,! case 0 he>d1 accord+ to ! usage ( ! "t1 be=e a committee ( ! :ole h\se4 ,f a *ild he hat$ ! ,engli%4 ,he refus$ ) emphasis ?is tok5 ( gratitude4 #i4 ,to m>k (f adv]bs & adv]b phrases :i* h a connective =ce4 ,notice ! diff]5ce betwe5 7a7 y w see1 !n1 t y h be5 misl$1 & 7b7 y w !n see t y h be5 misl$4 ,?is1 on ! o!r h&1 0 8 purpose4 ,my mission1 too1 is "o ( peace4 ,he recall$1 h[ev]1 8 motive4 #aj4 ,to m>k (f words or phrases 7a7 9 direct address or 7b7 9 apposition4 ,notice1 h[ev]1 t 9 expressions l ! ,emp]or ,william1 ,william is r a n\n limit$ by ,emp]or ?an a n\n 9 apposition ) ,emp]or4 7a7 ,i d n und]/& y1 sir4 ,i apologize1 ladies & g5tlem51 = my app>5t disc\rtesy4 7b7 ,8 romantic novel1 ! ,ca/le ( ,otranto1 is n[ unread4 ,he is l me 9 ?is1 t he _c resi/ entreaty4 #aa4 ,be=e a direct quotation4 ,see ! m =mal use ( ! colon1 #ajj1 #a4 ,he kept cry+1 ,on6 on6 ,z he fell1 he he>d "s "o say1 ,!re goes ano!r4 #ab4 ,9 dates1 addresses1 z 9 ! foll[+ examples3-- ,jan4 #a1 #ahii4 ,dr4 ,c4 ,h4 ,smi?1 ,salem1 ,essex ,c\nty1 ,mass4#d #d ,on an envelope x is becom+ cu/om>y to omit all punctuation at ! end ( l9es1 except p]iods aft] abbreviations4 #ac4 ,to prev5t ambiguity or to make a s5t5ce m easily und]/ood4 ,ex]cise #adh4--;,i4 ,write two s5t5ces 7( y\r own composition7 illu/rat+ ea* ( ! uses describ$ 9 ! prec$+ section4 ,,ii4 ,give reasons = ! m>ks ( punctuation us$ 9 ! foll[+3-- ,"o day1 :5 he 0 look+ = wild fl[]s1 ( :i* he 0 v fond1 he he>d a ru/l+ 9 "s ?ick bu%es ne> by1 & saw t "s animal 0 mov+ among !m4 ,he took 8 gun & fir$1 &1 go+ to ! place1 f\nd t he _h %ot a lion's cub4 ,:5 8 color$ gun-be>] saw ?is1 he scream$ ) t]ror1 & ran away %\t+1 ,run1 ,b5ana6 run6 ,almo/ at ! same in/ant1 ,bi%op ,hann+ton he>d a fe>ful ro>2 turn+1 he saw a huge lion & a lioness ru%+ furi\sly t[>ds him4 ,,iii4 ,supply commas :]e ne$$1 giv+ reasons4 ,9 ,holl& *ildr5 h v few play?+s4 ,! %oes are %ap$ v mu* l ! canal-boats ( ! c\ntry4 ,! *ildr5 recognize ?is fact & h a cu/om ( sail+ !m on ! wat]4 ,?is is f9e sport except :5 ! little craft is load$ ) too _m /ones caus+ x to s9k & insur+ !m puni%m5t f _! p>5ts4 ,i 0 told ( a small lad :o go+ out "o morn+ to sail 8 wood5 %oe put into x 8 knife a small brass cannon a top & "s m>bles t _h be5 giv5 him on ! previ\s ,*ri/mas4 ,8 t9y vessel :i* _h a pap] sail ran firmly until an old man came d[n to ! canal to dip up a pail ( wat]4 ,?is made su* waves t ! heavily lad5 %oe 0 ov]:elm$ & sank sudd5ly be=e ! knife or cannon or m>bles c\ld be rescu$4 #ajb4 ,p>5!ses & ,brackets4--,p>5!ses are to inclose explanatory matt] :i* is indep5d5t ( ! grammatical con/ruction ( ! s5t5ce4 ,brackets h ! same g5]al (fice1 b are g5]ally us$ only to inclose corrections1 explanations1 or simil> matt]1 introduc$ by ! au?or into ! /atem5t ( "s "o else4 ,prescott 7#agif-ahei7 0 a brilliant hi/orian4 ,x is said 7& ,i c believe t x is true7 t _m /ill believe 9 wit*es4 ,x 0 at t mom5t #aj ,a4,m41 ! colonel goes on to say1 t 8 sup]ior (fic] ,g5]al ,smi? met him4 #ajc4 ,! ,da%4--,! da% is us$ to indicate a sudd5 *ange 9 ?\ght or con/ruction4 ,two da%es h ! g5]al effect ( p>5!ses4 ,yes--no--,i sc>cely "k :at to say4 ,y 7 say+ t-- ,i suppose--b :y %\ld ,i tell y8 ,8 fa!r1 8 "m1 8 bro!rs1 8 si/]s1--all are dead4 ,at la/ he succe$$ 9 op5+ ! box & f\nd 9 x--no?+4 ,he _h two con/ant motives--love ( man & love ( ,god4 ,! two motives--love ( man & love ( ,god--7 con/ant4 #ajd4 ,! ,apo/rophe4--,! apo/rophe is us$ 7#a7 to indicate ! omission ( a lett] or lett]s1 7#b7 9 =m+ ! possessive case1 & 7#c7 9 =m+ ! plurals ( lett]s & figures4 ,don't1 %an't1 o'er1 ,john's1 horses'1 8 abc's4 #aje4 ,quotation ,m>ks4--,d\ble inv]t$ commas indicate t ! inclos$ matt] is a quotation4 ,s+le inv]t$ commas indicate a quotation )9 a quotation4 ,d\ble quotation m>ks are also sometimes us$ to indicate ! title ( a book1 magaz9e1 or newspap]1 or ! "n ( a %ip4 ,see also #ajf4 ,a direct quotation is "o 9 :i* ! exact words ( a speak] or writ] are repeat$4 ,:5 a direct quotation is brok5 by words ( ! au?or1 ea* "p ( ! quotation %\ld be inclos$ 9 quotation m>ks4 ,a %ort in=mal quotation1 if x con/itutes a s5t5ce1 is prec$$ by a comma or a comma & a da%4 ,if a quotation is long1 or if x is desir$ to give x ) a little m =mality1 x may be prec$$ by a colon4 ,if ! quotation beg9s a p>agraph1 x is prec$$ by a colon & a da%4 ,see #ajj1 #a4 ,to be or n to be4 ,! ^w c[>d has nev] be5 appli$ to me4 ,sir1 said ,i1 y insult me4 ,i said to him1 ,sir1 y insult me4 ,?is 0 8 reply3 ,i tell y t he said only la/ night1 ',y w nev] see me aga94' ,?is ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,lit]ature is wor? read+4 ,! wreck ( ! ,pol> ,/>4 ,an indirect quotation repeats ! ?\ght ( "s speak] or writ] )\t giv+ 8 exact words4 ,quotation m>ks are n us$ to indicate indirect quotations4 ,direct quotation ,well1 my boys1 said ,mr4 ,web/]1 ,i w be ! judge4 ,indirect quotation ,mr4 ,web/] told 8 boys t he w\ld be ! judge4 ,ex]cise #adi4--,rewrite ! foll[+ /ory1 ,daniel ,web/]'s ,fir/ ,case1 *ang+ ! direct quotations to indirect & ! indirect quotations to direct3-- ,! fa!r ( ,daniel ,web/] 0 a f>m]4 ,8 g>d5 _h suff]$ some:at f ! visits ( a wood*uck t liv$ 9 a hole close by4 ,"o day ,daniel & 8 bro!r ,ezekiel set a /eel trap = ! trespass]1 & caught him alive4 ,& n[ ! great "q 01 ,:at %all be done ) ! rogue8 ,kill him1 said ,ezekiel4 ,let him g1 said ,daniel1 look+ ) pity into ! eyes ( ! dumb captive4 ,no1 no6 repli$ ,ezekiel1 he'll be at 8 old tricks aga94 ,! boys c\ld n agree2 s !y appeal$ to _! fa!r to decide ! case4 ,well1 my boys1 said ,mr4 ,web/]1 ,i w be judge4 ,!re is ! prison]1 & y %all be c\nsel1 ,daniel = him & ,ezekiel aga9/ him4 ,x re/s ) y :e!r ! wood*uck %all live or die4 ,ezekiel op5$ ! case4 ,! wood*uck1 he said1 0 a ?ief by nature4 ,he _h already done mu* h>m1 & w\ld d m1 if he 7 set free4 ,x _h co/ a great deal ( labor to cat* him4 ,x w\ld be h>d] to cat* him a second "t2 = he w\ld h ga9$ 9 cunn+4 ,x 0 bett] on e acc\nt to put him to dea?4 ,8 sk9 w\ld be wor? some?+1 al?\gh x w\ld n half repay ! damage he _h done4 ,! fa!r look$ ) pride ^u 8 son1 little dream+1 h[ev]1 t he 0 !n %[+ signs ( t p[] t made him s s\nd a juri/ 9 8 manhood4 ,n[1 ,daniel1 x is y\r turn4 ,i'll he> :at y h to say4 ,daniel saw t ! argum5t ( 8 bro!r _h s5sibly mov$ 8 fa!r ! judge4 ,! boy's l>ge1 black eyes look$ ^u ! timid wood*uck1 &1 z he saw ! poor ?+ trembl+ ) fe>1 8 he>t swell$ ) pity4 ,god1 he said1 _h made ! wood*uck4 ,he made him to live1 to enjoy ! air & sun%9e1 ! free fields & woods4 ,! wood*uck _h z mu* "r to live z any o!r ?+ t brea!s4 ,god did n make him or any?+ 9 va94 ,he 0 n a de/ructive animal l ! wolf or ! fox4 ,he ate a few common ?+s1 to be sure2 b !y _h pl5ty ( !m1 & c\ld well sp>e a "p4 ,& he de/roy$ no?+ except ! little food ne$$ to su/a9 8 humble life4 ,t little food 0 z sweet to him1 & z necess>y to 8 exi/5ce1 z 0 ! food on _! "m's table to !m4 ,god gave !m _! food4 ,w\ld !y n sp>e a little = ! dumb creature t really _h z mu* "r to 8 small %>e ( ,god's b\nty z !y !mselves to !irs8 ,yea1 m2 ! animal _h nev] brok5 ! laws ( 8 nature or ! laws ( ,god1 z man (t5 did1 b _h /rictly liv$ up to ! simple in/9cts t _h be5 giv5 him by ! good ,creator ( all ?+s4 ,creat$ by ,god's h&s1 he _h a "r f ,god to 8 life & 8 lib]ty1 & !y _h no "r to deprive him ( ei!r4 ,! "y orator !n allud$ to ! mute b e>ne/ entreaties ( ! animal = 8 life1 z sweet1 z de> to him1 z _! own 0 to !m2 & to ! j p5alty !y might expect1 if1 9 selfi% cruelty1 !y took ! life !y c\ld n re/ore1--! life t ,god ,himself _h giv54 ,dur+ ?is appeal = m]cy te>s _h />t$ to ! fa!r's eyes1 & 7 fa/ runn+ d[n 8 sunburnt *eeks4 ,e feel+ ( 8 manly he>t 0 /irr$ )9 him1--gratitude = ! gift ( s eloqu5t & noble a boy1 pity = ! helpless & anxi\s prison] at ! b>4 ,! /ra9 0 m ?an he c\ld be>4 ,:ile ,daniel 0 yet speak+1 )\t ?9k+ t he _h won 8 case1 8 fa!r sprang f 8 *air1 &1 9 entire =getfulness ( 8 "* z judge1 exclaim$ to 8 eld] son1 ,zeke6 ,zeke6 let t wood*uck g6 ,sometimes y may wi% to quote1 n a :ole s5t5ce1 b a ^w or two4 ,su* a p>tial quotation %\ld be inclos$ 9 quotation m>ks1 b y %\ld n beg9 x ) a capital or place a comma be=e x1 unless ! comma is ne$$ !re = "s o!r reason4 ,%e 0 born to blu% unse54 ,we li/5$ ) pity to ?is tale ( man's inhumanity to man4 ,ex]cise #aej4--;,con/ruct s5t5ces us+ ! foll[+ p>tial quotations3-- ,wa/e h] sweetness on ! des]t air1 simple & he>t-felt lay1 ( night's c&les1 l[ly ?at*$ cottage1 sweet bells out ( tune4 ,ex]cise #aea4--,rewrite ! foll[+ s t y w h 9 ea* in/ance a quotation )9 a quotation4 ,y w be oblig$ to make introductions us+ ! "n ( ! au?or4 #a4 ,_h x n be5 ! season :5 no _s d>es /ir abroad1 ,i %\ld h be5 half tempt$ to /eal f my room at midnight4--,,wa%+ton ,,irv+4 #b4 ,! /ory-tell] paus$ = a mom5t & said1 ,!re is no situation 9 life b has its advantages & pleasures4 --,,di$ri* ,,knick]bock]4 #c4 ,we are 9 t "p ( ! ye> :i* ,i l be/--! ,ra9y or ,hurricane ,season4 ,:5 x is good1 x is v1 v good2 & :5 x is bad1 x is horrid4 --,,rob]t ,,l\is ,,/ev5son4 #ajf4 ,italics4--,! t]m italics ref]s to a special k9d ( type us$ 9 pr9t+2 ?us1 italics4 ,ord9>y type is ref]r$ to z roman4 ,9 writ+1 a s+le l9e drawn und]nea? a ^w is und]/ood to be ! equival5t ( italics4 ,italics are us$ = 7#a7 words especially emphasiz$1 = 7#b7 words f a =eign language1 &1 sometimes1 z 9 ?is volume1 = 7#c7 names ( books1 newspap]s1 magaz9es1 & %ips4 ,see #aje1 #a4 ,to 8 amazem5t1 he saw footpr9ts4 ,! c>riage roll$ away f ! porte-co*re4 ,8 ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,lit]ature4 ,! wreck ( ! ,pol> ,/>4 #ajg4 ,! ,hyph54--,! hyph5 is us$ z foll[s3-- #a4 ,betwe5 ! p>ts ( "s comp\nd words1 son-9-law1 simple-he>t$1 vice-presid5t4 ,) reg>d to _m words1 usage v>ies4 ,! t5d5cy is to omit ! hyph5 & write ! words z "o1 e4g4 football1 horsec>4 ,accord+ to "s au?orities1 comp\nd num]als & fractions reta9 ! hyph51 e4g4 tw5ty-n9e1 "o hundr$ & ?irty-fir/1 two-?irds4 #b4 ,to sep>ate two v[els :i* are n pron\nc$ toge!r1 e4g4 pre-em95t1 co-op]ation4 ,! diresis is frequ5tly us$ = ! same purpose1 e4g4 prem95t4 #c4 ,to m>k ! division ( a ^w at ! end ( a l9e4 ,usage v>ies z to ! way 9 :i* _m words %all be divid$4 ,! subject c be be/ /udi$ by notic+ ! practice ( good pr9t]s4 ,! pupil may be> 9 m9d1 h[ev]1 7a7 t he %\ld n divide words ( only "o syllable2 7b7 t he %\ld be guid$ by pronunciation2 7c7 t syllables %\ld beg91 if possible1 ) a consonant4 ,= example1 photog-raphy1 ,napo-leon1 lit]a-ture4 ,ex]cise #aeb4--,make up ?ree illu/rations ea* ( prop] uses ( ! "q m>k1 ! exclamation po9t1 p>5!ses1 brackets1 ! da%1 ! apo/rophe1 d\ble quotation m>ks1 s+le quotation m>ks1 italics1 ! hyph54 #ajh4 ,capitals4--,! pron\n ,i & ! int]jection ,o are writt5 ) capital lett]s4 ,capital lett]s are us$ at ! beg9n+ ( words z foll[s3-- #a4 ,! fir/ ^w ( a s5t5ce1 a l9e ( poetry1 & a direct quotation4 ,mak+ 8 ru/ic re$ ( song ,a weapon 9 ! w> ) wrong4 ,8 la/ words 73 ,"m is com+4 ,run1 he said1 !re is /ill "t4 #b4 ,names & titles ( ! ,deity & p]sonal pron\ns ref]r+ to ,him1 e4g4 ! ,almighty1 ! ,holy ,_s1 ,i pray t ,he w aid me4 #c4 ,prop] n\ns & adjectives1 includ+ names ( /reets1 ! mon?s1 ! days1 races1 sects1 p>ties1 nations1 & p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,= example1 ,john ,smi?1 ,broadway1 ,new ,york ,city1 ,febru>y1 ,sunday1 ,*ri/mas1 ,indian1 ,episcopalian1 ,democrat1 ,engli%1 ! ,s\?4 ,notice t negro & gypsy are n begun ) capital lett]s4 ,p]sonal titles1 :5ev] !y are equival5t to prop] n\ns4 ,9 comp\nd titles1 ea* "p beg9s ) a capital4 ,! ,presid5t & ! ,gov]nor ( ,rhode ,isl& are "h4 ,! ,attorney-,g5]al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 #d4 ,! fir/ ^w 9 ! title ( a book1 article1 or composition & e n\n & adjective 9 ! title1 b n o!r words4 ,:5 a v]b or adv]b is an important or prom95t ^w 9 ! title1 x may also be begun ) a capital4 ,! ,spy2 a ,tale ( ! ,neutral ,gr\nd4 ,"u ! ,r$ ,robe4 ,sket*es1 ,new & ,old4 ,tea*+ ,requires ,k & ,skill4 #e4 ,p]sonifi$ n\ns1 & names ( great ev5ts or bodies ( m54 ,:ile sall[ ,autumn fills ?y lap ) leaves4 ,x 0 a cold day 9 autumn4#e ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,revolution>y ,w>4 ,:ile ! ,legislature is sitt+4 #e ,notice t ! names ( ! seasons d n beg9 ) capitals unless !y are p]sonifi$4 ,ex]cise #aec4--;,i4 ,con/ruct s5t5ces conta9+ 9 all tw5ty words t %\ld beg9 ) capital lett]s4 ,,ii4 ,:i* words 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces %\ld beg9 ) capitals8 ,:y8 #a4 ,he add$1 ) a look ( curiosity1 y mu/ be a /rang]4 #b4 ,i l1 said he1 to lie d[n ^u ! grass4 #c4 ,9 #ahbg he ent]$ ! s5ate1 s]v+ !re until ! presid5t appo9t$ him secret>y ( /ate4 #d4 ,at l5g? ,i rea*$ f\r? /reet4 #e4 ,x 0 ea/] morn+4 #f4 ,he has always vot$ ! republican ticket4 #g4 ,!re are m negroes 9 ! s\? ?an 9 ! we/4 #h4 ,no "o imag9$ t he w\ld make a good emp]or4 #i4 ,! k+ di$ on tuesday4 #aj4 ,i %all see y ?is summ]4 ,ex]cise #aed4 7,review74--,ins]t 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces ! prop] m>ks ( punctuation3-- #a4 ,x 0 a dull d>k gloomy day4 #b4 ,he 0 a rosy fac$ smil+ & *e]ful "y g5tleman4 #c4 ,"s ( u 7 disappo9t$ o!rs ov]joy$4 #d4 ,a pretty little :ite dog came runn+ up to me4 #e4 ,samuel ! y\nge/ ( ! ?ree 0 by f> ! talle/4 #f4 ,my lett]s h br\ght no response consequ5tly ,i h ceas$ writ+4 #g4 ,well ,philip ,i am glad to see y aga94 #h4 ,) he>ty ?anks = y\r k9dness to me a /rang] ,i am my de> sir y\r ob$i5t s]vant ,john ,smi?4 #i4 ,n[ ,wegg said ,mr4 ,b(f9 hugg+ 8 /ick clos] ,i want to make an (f] to y4 #aj4 ,! *ampion mov+ onw>d asc5d$ ! plat=m4 #aa4 ,at ! fl\ri% ( cl>ions & trumpets !y />t$ out at full galop4 #ab4 ,! lake greatly to my surprise seem$ z f> (f z be=e4 #ac4 ,t]rible z 0 8 ang] he /ill spoke calmly4 #ad4 ,to make a long /ory %ort ,i c\ld nev] f9d a trace ( him aga94 #ae4 ,8 expressions too 7 frequ5tly incorrect4 #af4 ,aft] ! f\r? enc\nt] h[ev] !re 0 a consid]able pause4 #ag4 ,h[ev] /rong y may be y mu/ n wa/e y\r /r5g?4 #ah4 ,my fri5d :o is call$ ,sir ,rog] came at once to see me4 #ai4 ,! p]son :o comes la/ mu/ />t fir/4 #bj4 ,he t read l\de/ 0 to h a half-p5ny4 #ba4 ,none 0 s dissatisfi$ z ,c$ric :o reg>d$ ! :ole sc5e ) scorn4 #bb4 ,! message :i* ,i wi%$ to s5d is simply ?is4 #bc4 ,i w nev] d n int]rupt me ,i w nev] cons5t to su* a plan4 #bd4 ,z (t5 z he came & he came v (t5 he /ood long at ! gate be=e ent]+4 #be4 ,?\gh !y dwelt 9 su* a solitude ^! p 7 n lonely4 #bf4 ,if y insi/ ,i w speak frankly4 #bg4 ,at t5 o'clock ! great w> *ief ) 8 trea*]\s foll[]s rea*$ ! =t & ! gateway 0 ?rong$ ) _! savage faces4 #bh4 ,"s 7 cre/$ ) hawk eagle or rav5 plumes o!rs _h %av$ _! heads leav+ only ! flutt]+ scalp-lock on ! cr[n :ile o!rs aga9 wore _! long black hair fl[+ loosely at _! backs or wildly hang+ ab\t _! br[s l a lion's mane4 #bi4 ,_! bold yet crafty features _! *eeks besme>$ ) o*] & v]milion :ite lead & soot _! ke5 deep-set eyes gleam+ 9 _! sockets l ^? ( rattlesnakes gave !m an aspect grim unc\? & horrible4 #cj4 ,= ! mo/ "p !y 7 tall /rong m5 & all _h a gait & be>+ ( peculi> /atel9ess4 #aji4 ,li/ ( ,common ,abbreviations4--,! foll[+ is a li/ ( common abbreviations1 p>ticul>ly ^? ( =eign words or phrases4 ,abbreviations ( names ( /ates & o!r v famili> abbreviations are omitt$4 ,a4,b4 or ,b4,a4 7,lat91 ,artium ,baccalaureus71 ,ba*elor ( ,arts4 ,a4,d4 7,lat91 anno dom9i71 9 ! ye> ( our ,"l4 ,a4,m4 or ,m4,a4 7,lat91 ,artium ,magi/]71 ,ma/] ( ,arts4 a4m4 7,lat91 ante m]idiem71 be=e noon4 anon41 anonym\s4 ,b4,c41 be=e ,*ri/4 ,bp41 ,bi%op4 ,capt41 ,capta94 cf4 7,lat91 conf]71 comp>e4 ,c4,o4,d41 collect on deliv]y4 ,col41 ,colonel4 cor4 sec41 correspond+ secret>y4 ,d4,d41 ,doctor ( ,div9ity4 e4g4 7,lat91 exempli gratia71 = example4 ,esq41 ,esquire4 etc4 7,lat91 et cet]a71 & s =?4 ,f4 or ,fahr41 ,fahr5heit 7!rmomet]74 ,f4,r4,s41 ,fell[ ( ! ,royal ,society4 ,gov41 ,gov]nor4 ,h4,r4,h41 ,8 ,royal ,highness4 ,hon41 ,honorable4 ibid4 7,lat91 ibidem1 9 ! same place71 a t]m us$ 9 footnotes1 9 ref]5ce to a book j m5tion$4 i4e4 7,lat91 id e/71 t is4 in/4 7,lat91 m5se in/ante71 ! pres5t mon?4 jr4 or jun41 junior4 ,lieut41 ,lieut5ant4 ,,ll4,d41 ,doctor ( ,laws4 ,m4 7,lat91 m]idies71 noon4 ,m4 7,fr5*1 ,monsieur71 ,mr4 ,maj41 ,major4 ,m4,c41 ,memb] ( ,congress4 ,m4,d4 7,lat91 ,m$ic9 ,doctor71 ,doctor ( ,m$ic9e4 ,mlle4 7,fr5*1 ,mademoiselle71 ,miss4 ,,mm4 7,fr5*1 ,messieurs71 us$ z ! plural ( ,m4 ,mme4 7,fr5*1 ,madame71 ,mrs4 ,,ms41 manuscript4 ,,mss41 manuscripts4 ,n4,b4 7,lat91 nota b5e71 m>k well4 p41 page4 p] c5t4 7,lat91 p] c5tum71 by ! hundr$4 p4m4 7,lat91 po/ m]idiem71 aft] noon4 pp41 pages4 ,pr(41 ,pr(essor4 pro tem4 7,lat91 pro tempore71 = ! "t be+4 prox4 7,lat91 proximo71 next mon?4 ,p4,s4 7,lat91 po/ scriptum71 po/script4 ,q4,e4,d4 7,lat91 quod erat demon/r&um71 :i* 0 to be prov$4 ,rev41 ,rev]5d4 ,r4,r41 ,railroad4 ,rt4 ,rev41 ,"r ,rev]5d4 sr4 or s541 s5ior4 ,supt41 ,sup]9t5d5t4 ult4 7,lat91 ultimo71 la/ mon?4 ,u4,s4,a41 ,unit$ ,/ates army4 ,u4,s4,m41 ,unit$ ,/ates mail4 ,u4,s4,n41 ,unit$ ,/ates navy4 vid4 7,lat91 vide71 see4 viz4 7,lat91 videlicet71 to wit1 namely4 ,,app5dix ,a4 ,,rules ,,= ,,spell+ ,i4 ,= dropp+ or reta9+ ! f9al e4 #a4 ,words end+ 9 e1 prec$$ by a consonant1 usually drop e on tak+ a suffix beg9n+ ) a v[el4 move mov+ believe believ+ conceive conceiv+ receive receiv+ a*ieve a*iev+ #b4 ,words end+ 9 ue drop e on tak+ a suffix4 argue argu+ fatigue fatigu+ ,exception3 vague1 vaguely1 vagu5ess4 #c4 ,words end+ 9 e reta9 e on tak+ a suffix beg9n+ ) a consonant4 move movem5t l>ge l>gely ho>se ho>s5ess peace peaceful s5se s5seless :ole :olesome remorse remorseless adv]tise adv]tisem5t #d4 ,words end+ 9 ce or ge reta9 e on add+ able1 ably1 or ous4 *ange *angeable c\rage c\rage\s notice noticeable outrage outrage\s ,,ii4 ,= d\bl+ ! f9al consonant4 #a4 ,words ( "o syllable 7& words ( m ?an "o syllable if acc5t$ on ! la/ syllable71 end+ 9 a s+le consonant prec$$ by a s+le v[el1 d\ble ! fir/ consonant be=e a suffix beg9n+ ) a v[el4 ?9 ?9n] =got =gott5 slap slapp+ trot trott+ acquit acquitt+ beg9 beg9n] #b4 ,:5 ! acc5t is ?r[n back ^u ano!r syllable1 aft] ! d]ivative is =m$1 ! f9al consonant is n d\bl$4 ref] ref]5ce pref] pref]5ce #c4 ,:5 prec$$ by two v[els1 ! f9al consonant is n d\bl$4 toil toil+ keep keep] ,,iii4 ,= f9al y4 #a4 ,words end+ 9 y1 prec$$ by a consonant1 reta9 y be=e a suffix beg9n+ ) i2 on tak+ a suffix beg9n+ ) any o!r lett]1 y is 9 mo/ cases *ang$ to i4 cry cry+ lazy laz9ess fly fly+ duty dutiable try try+ happy happ9ess #b4 ,words end+ 9 y1 prec$$ by a v[el1 reta9 y be=e a suffix4 buy buy+ gray grayness play play+ /ay /ay+ joy joyful obey obey+ ,b4 ,,model ,,( ,,con/itution ,,article ,i4 ,"n4--,?is club %all be kn[n z ! 444444 ,,article ,,ii4 ,object4--,its object %all be ! 444444 ,,article ,,iii4 ,(fic]s4--,its (fic]s %all be a presid5t1 a vice-presid5t1 a secret>y1 & a treasur]4 ,!re %all also be 444444 committees ( 444444 ea*4 ,^! (fic]s & committees %all be elect$ by ! club at ea* annual meet+1 z provid$ = 9 ! by-laws4 ,,article ,,iv4 ,meet+s4--,! club %all hold an annual bus9ess meet+ on 4444441 & a regul> meet+ e 444444 ,none b memb]s %all be pres5t1 except z provid$ 9 ! by-laws4 444444 memb]s %all con/itute a quorum4 ,special meet+s may be call$ by ! presid5t ^u ! writt5 application ( 444444 memb]s4 ,,article ,v4 ,memb]%ip4--444444 ,,article ,,vi4 ,dues4--,! annual dues %all be 444444 payable on 444444 ,,by-,,laws ,,article ,i4 ,duties ( ,(fic]s4--,,section #a4 ,presid5t & vice-presid5t4--,! ,presid5t %all preside at meet+s ( ! club & %all 444444 ,! vice-presid5t %all preside at meet+s 9 ! abs5ce ( ! presid5t & %all 444444 ,,sect4 #b4 ,! ,secret>y4--,! secret>y %all keep a correct record ( all meet+s & %all 444444 ,,sect4 #c4 ,! ,treasur]4--,! treasur] %all receive & pay out all money1 subject to ! ord] ( ! club1 & %all keep a correct acc\nt 9 detail ( all receipts & exp5ditures1 & %all r5d] a report 9 writ+ at ! annual meet+4 ,,sect4 #d4 ,/&+ ,committees4--,! duties ( ! committees %all be z specifi$ bel[ 444444 ,,article ,,ii4 ,election ( ,memb]s4--444444 ,,article ,,iii4 ,visitors4--444444 ,,article ,,iv4 ,programme ( ,meet+s4--444444 ,,article ,v4 ,am5dm5ts4--,?is con/itution may be am5d$ at any regul> meet+ ( ! club by a two-?irds vote ( ! memb]s pres5t1 provid$ t writt5 notice ( ! int5d$ *ange has be5 giv5 at ! previ\s meet+4 ,,index 7,,! ,,num]als ,,ref] ,,to ,,pages47 ,i4 ,,subjects ,,treat$ ,adv]tisem5ts1 #ace4 ,appeals1 #acc4 ,argum5t1 g5]al pr9ciple (1 #bad2 ! introduction1 #bae2 ! reasons1 #bag2 ! outl9e1 #bbj2 ! plea1 #bba2 o!r =ms (1 #bba4 ,autobiography1 #adj4 ,biography1 #adb4 ,clause1 def9$1 #d2 dep5d5t or subord9ate1 #d2 indep5d5t or pr9cipal1 #e4 ,cond5sation1 #fg2 me?od 91 #ga4 ,description1 obs]vation necess>y 91 #aee2 g5]al sci5tific description1 #aeh2 specific sci5tific1 #afb2 use ( te*nical t]ms 91 #afc2 lit]>y description1 #afd2 ( p1 #afi2 long] description1 #agb2 description ( conditions1 #agd2 by contra/1 #agf2 ( ev5ts1 #agg2 picture mak+ ( sc5es ( action1 #agi2 description ( travel1 #ahb2 descriptions ( an h\r1 #ahe4 ,di>y1 value (1 #ajf2 cont5ts (1 #ajg2 imag9>y di>ies1 #aji2 class di>ies1 #aji4 ,expansion1 #gh2 purpose (1 #gi4 ,exposition1 g5]al pr9ciples (1 #aii2 explanation ( a mat]ial process1 #bja2 ( games1 #bjd2 ( ab/ract ideas1 #bjh2 by example & comp>ison1 #bjh2 by repetition1 #baj2 by contra/1 #baa2 by a figure ( spee*1 #baa4 ,figures ( spee*1 #ei4 ,hi/ory1 #add4 ,invitations1 =mal1 #abb4 ,lett]s1 v>i\s k9ds (1 #aab2 fri5dly1 #aac2 ( social int]c\rse1 #aai2 =mal invitations1 #abb2 telegrams1 #abc2 bus9ess lett]s1 #abe4 ,metaphor1 #ei4 ,n>ration1 ess5tials ( a good n>rative1 #acg2 autobiography1 #adj2 biography1 #adb2 hi/ory1 #add2 pla9 report+ ( facts1 #aej2 conv]sation1 #aeb2 travel1 #ahb2 hi/orical /ories1 #ahh2 fictiti\s /ories1 #aia2 ! beg9n+ ( a n>rative1 #aic2 ! end+1 #aif2 ! body1 #aig4 ,notices1 #acj4 ,oral composition1 #ajb4 ,outl9es1 #ib1 #ih1 #bbj4 ,p>agraph1 def9$ & describ$1 #bi2 beg9n+ ( or topic s5t5ce1 #cj2 unity 91 #ce2 body (1 #cg2 too _m p>agraphs1 #da2 end ( p>agraph or summ>y s5t5ce1 #db2 arrangem5t 9 a :ole composition1 #if4 ,p>aphrase1 #hj1 #hd4 ,petitions1 #acd4 ,phrase1 def9$1 #d4 ,pronunciation1 #ajd4 ,punctuation1 #bdf4 ,quotations1 h[ punctuat$1 #dd1 #bei4 ,secret>ial "w1 #bbe4 ,s5t5ce1 di/+ui%$ f phrase & clause1 #d2 simple1 complex1 & comp\nd1 #g2 v>iety 9 ! use ( s5t5ces1 #ad1 #ai2 l5g? (1 #ad2 p]iodic1 #ag2 loose1 #ah2 bad1 #ba1 #bb1 #bc1 #be2 comma s5t5ce1 #bb2 ) & )\t unity1 #bc2 =mless1 #be4 ,simile1 #ei4 ,slang1 #fc4 ,spell+1 #fb4 ,synonyms1 #ec4 ,telegrams1 #abc4 ,travel1 #ahb4 ,unity1 9 s5t5ces1 #bc2 9 p>agraphs1 #ce2 9 :ole compositions1 #ig4 ,v]sification1 #bcd4 ,vocabul>y1 size & "* ( ,engli%1 #ej2 increas+ "o's vocabul>y1 #ej4 ,:ole composition1 #hh2 outl9e (1 #ib1 #ih1 #bbj2 arrangem5t ( p>agraphs 91 #if2 ess5tials (1 #ig2 h[ to plan a1 #ih4 ,words1 #di2 vocabul>y1 #ej2 synonyms1 #ec2 *oice ( words1 #ee2 accuracy 9 ! use (1 #eh2 errors 9 ! use (1 #fb4 ,,ii4 ,,illu/rative ,,extracts ,addison1 ,joseph1 ,! ,spectator1 #bji1 #bab4 ,ames1 ,azel1 ,h[ ! ,pilgrims ,came to ,plym\?1 #add4 ,baldw91 ,james1 ,a ,/ory ( ! ,gold5 ,age1 #cj4 ,bryant1 ,william ,c41 ,to ! ,fr+$ ,g5tian1 #aeh4 ,buckley1 ,arabella1 ,fairyl& ( ,sci5ce1 #gj4 ,burr\ghs1 ,john1 ,locu/s & ,wild ,honey1 #aef2 ,squirrels & ,o!r ,fur-be>+ ,animals1 #aib4 ,coop]1 ,james ,f5imore1 ,! ,pilot1 #ga4 ,dick5s1 ,*>les1 ,a ,*ild's ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 #fi1 #ge1 #agg1 #ahh2 ,david ,copp]field1 #afg1 #afi1 #ahf4 ,frankl91 ,b5jam91 ,autobiography1 #dc4 ,g>l&1 ,haml91 ,ma9-travel$ ,roads1 #agd4 ,gregory1 ,lady1 ,?r\gh ,portugal1 #ahb4 ,h>dy1 ,?omas1 ,f> f ! ,madd+ ,cr[d1 #agi4 ,haw?orne1 ,na?aniel1 ,mosses f an ,old ,manse1 #hc4 ,hughes1 ,?omas1 ,tom ,br[n's ,s*ooldays1 #fc4 ,irv+1 ,wa%+ton1 ,rip ,van ,w9kle1 #dc2 ,a/oria1 #ha1 #hb2 ,life ( ,columbus1 #hc2 ,/rat=d-on-,avon 7,! ,sket*-,book71 #hh4 ,kane1 ,eli%a ,e41 ,arctic ,explorations1 #gj4 ,leavitt1 ,r4 ,g41 ,outl9es ( ,botany1 #aeh4 ,locky]1 ,j4 ,n41 ,a/ronomy1 #ib4 ,long1 ,william ,j41 ,ways ( ,wood ,folk1 #ca4 ,longfell[1 ,h5ry ,w41 ,! ,c\rt%ip ( ,miles ,/&i%1 #hb2 ,! ,bridge ( ,cl\d1 #hc2 ,walt] ,von d] ,vogelweid1 #he4 ,l[ell1 ,james ,r41 ,! ,vision ( ,sir ,launfal1 #hd4 ,ma91 ,e41 ,cities & ,sights ( ,spa91 #bjd4 ,m]riam1 ,flor5ce ,a41 ,birds ?r\gh an ,op]a ,glass1 #afj1 #afb4 ,motley1 ,j4 ,l41 ,correspond5ce1 #agj4 ,nicolay1 ,hel51 ,! ,boys' ,life ( ,abraham ,l9coln1 #cb4 ,p>kman1 ,francis1 ,! ,conspiracy ( ,pontiac1 #ahj4 ,prescott1 ,william ,h41 ,! ,conque/ ( ,mexico1 #hb4 ,%]idan1 ,ri*>d ,b41 ,! ,rivals1 #eh4 ,?oreau1 ,h5ry ,d41 ,excursions1 #afe4 ,:itti]1 ,john ,g41 ,! ,b>efoot ,boy1 #hd4 ,yonge1 ,*>lotte ,m41 ,a ,book ( ,gold5 ,de$s1 #ic4 ,pr9t$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica4 ,! foll[+ pages conta9 adv]tisem5ts ( a few ( ! ,macmillan books on k9dr$ subjects4 ,t>r & ,mc,murry's ,geographies ,a ,new ,s]ies ( ,geographies 9 ,two1 ,?ree1 or ,five ,volumes ,by ,,ralph ,s4 ,,t>r1 ,b4,s41 ,f4,g4,s4,a4 ,,cornell ,,univ]sity ,,& ,,frank ,m4 ,mc,m,u,r,r,y1 ,ph4,d ,,tea*]s ,,college1 ,,columbia ,,univ]sity ,,two ,,book ,,s]ies ,introductory ,geography #fj c5ts ,complete ,geography #a4jj ,,! ,,?ree ,,book ,,s]ies ,,fir/ ,,book 7#d? & #e? ye>s7 ,home ,geography & ! ,e>? z a ,:ole #fj c5ts ,,second ,,book 7#f? ye>7 ,nor? ,am]ica #ge c5ts ,,?ird ,,book 7#g? ye>7 ,europe & ,o!r ,cont95ts #ge c5ts ,,! ,,five ,,book ,,s]ies ,,fir/ ,,"p 7#d? ye>7 ,home ,geography #dj c5ts ,,second ,,"p 7#e? ye>7 ,! ,e>? z a ,:ole #dj c5ts ,,?ird ,,"p 7#f? ye>7 ,nor? ,am]ica #ge c5ts ,,f\r? ,,"p 7#g? ye>7 ,europe1 ,s\? ,am]ica1 etc4 #ej c5ts ,,fif? ,,"p 7#h? ye>7 ,asia & ,africa1 ) ,review ( ,nor? ,am]ica 7) ,/ate ,supplem5t7 #ej c5ts ,)\t ,supplem5t #dj c5ts ,home ,geography1 ,great] ,new ,york ,edition #ej c5ts ,tea*]s' ,manual ( ,me?od 9 ,geography4 ,by ,,*>les ,a4 ,,mcmurry #dj c5ts ,to meet ! requirem5ts ( "s c\rses ( /udy1 ! section f ! ,?ird ,book1 treat+ ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 is b\nd up ) ! ,second ,book1 ?us br++ ,nor? ,am]ica & ,s\? ,am]ica toge!r 9 "o volume4 ,! foll[+ ,supplem5t>y ,volumes h also be5 prep>$1 & may be _h sep>ately or b\nd toge!r ) ! ,?ird ,book ( ! ,?ree ,book ,s]ies1 or ! ,fif? ,"p ( ! ,five ,book ,s]ies3 ,,supplem5t>y ,,volumes ,new ,york ,/ate #cj c5ts ,! ,new ,engl& ,/ates #cj c5ts ,utah #dj c5ts ,cali=nia #cj c5ts ,ohio #cj c5ts ,ill9ois #cj c5ts ,new ,j]sey #cj c5ts ,kansas #cj c5ts ,virg9ia #cj c5ts ,p5nsylvania #cj c5ts ,t5nessee #cj c5ts ,l\isiana #cj c5ts ,texas #ce c5ts ,:5 ord]+1 be c>eful to specify ! ,book or ,"p & ! ,s]ies desir$ & :e!r ) or )\t ! ,/ate ,supplem5t4 ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company #fd-ff ,,fif? ,,av5ue1 ,,new ,,york ,,bo/on ,,*icago ,,atlanta ,,san ,,francisco ,t>r & ,mc,murry's ,geographies ,,comm5ts ,nor? ,pla9field1 ,n4,j4--,i ?9k x ! be/ ,geography t ,i h se54--,h4 ,j4 ,,wightman1 ,sup]9t5d5t4 ,bo/on1 ,mass4--,i h be5 tea*+ ! subject 9 ! ,bo/on ,normal ,s*ool = ov] tw5ty ye>s1 & ,book ,i is ! book ,i h be5 look+ = = ! la/ t5 ye>s4 ,x comes ne>] to :at ,i h be5 work+ = ?an any?+ 9 ! geography l9e t ,i h yet se54 ,i congratulate y on ! good "w4 --,,miss ,l4 ,t4 ,,moses1 ,normal ,s*ool4 ,detroit1 ,mi*4--,i am mu* pleas$ ) x & h _h en?usia/ic praise = x f all ! tea*]s to :om ,i h %[n x4 ,x seems to me to be sci5tific1 arti/ic1 & conv5i5t to a m>k$ degree4 ,! maps are a p]fect joy to any tea*] :o has be5 us+ ! complicat$ affairs giv5 9 mo/ books ( ! k9d4 --,,agnes ,,mcrae ,de ,kalb1 ,ill4--,i h j f9i%$ exam9+ ! fir/ book ( ,t>r & ,mc,murry's ,geographies4 ,i h read ! book ) c>e f cov] to cov]4 ,to say t ,i am pleas$ ) x is express+ x mildly4 ,x seems to me j :at a geography %\ld be4 ,x is correctly conceiv$ & admirably execut$4 ,! subject is approa*$ f ! "r direction & is develop$ 9 ! "r proportions4 ,& ^? maps--h[ c\ld !y be any bett]8 ,surely au?ors & publi%]s h a*iev$ a triumph 9 text-book mak+4 ,i %all wat* ) int]e/ = ! appe>ance ( ! o!r two volumes4--,pr(essor ,,edw>d ,c4 ,,page1 ,nor!rn ,ill9ois ,/ate ,normal ,s*ool4 ,asbury ,p>k1 ,n4,j4--,i d n hesitate at all to say t ,i ?9k ! ,t>r & ,mc,murry's ,geography ! be/ 9 ! m>ket4--,f4 ,s4 ,,%ep>d1 ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,s*ools4 ,i?aca1 ,n4,y4--,i am imm5sely pleas$ ) ,t>r & ,mc,murry's ,geography4--,,*>les ,,de ,,g>mo1 ,pr(essor ( ,p$agogy1 ,cornell ,univ]sity4 ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company #fd-ff ,fif? ,av5ue1 ,new ,york ,,bo/on ,,*icago ,,atlanta ,,san ,,francisco