,transcrib]'s note3 ,text enclos$ by und]scores is 9 italics 7italics74 ,small capital text has be5 replac$ ) all capitals4 ,! c>at "* 77 indicates t ! foll[+ lett] is sup]script$ 7example3 ye74 ,if two or m lett]s are sup]script$ !y are enclos$ 9 curly brackets 7example3 he]ew?74 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,c5tury ,,( ,,inv5tions4 ,a practical ma!matician1 :o has quickness to seize a h9t1 & sagacity to apply x1 might avail himself greatly ( ^! scantl+s4 ,x is extremely probable1 t ,sav]y took f ! ,m>quis ! h9t ( ! ,/eam ,eng9e1 = rais+ wat] ) a p[] made by fire1 :i* inv5tion alone w\ld entitle ! au?or to immortality4--,grang]'s ,biog4 ,hi/4 vol4 v4 p4 #bgh4 ,"h x may n be amiss to recomm5d to ! att5tion ( e me*anic ! little "w entitl$ a ',c5tury ( ,inv5tions1' by ! ,m>quis ( ,worce/]1 :i*1 on acc\nt ( ! seem+ improbability ( discov]+ _m ?+s m5tion$ !re91 has be5 too mu* neglect$2 b :5 x is consid]$ t "s ( ! contrivances app>5tly n ! lea/ ab/ruse1 h1 by close application be5 f\nd to answ] all t ! ,m>quis says ( !m1 & t ! fir/ h9t ( t mo/ p[]ful ma*9e1 ! ,/eam ,eng9e1 is giv5 9 t "w1 x is unnecess>y to enl>ge on ! utility ( x4--,trans4 ( ! ,society ( ,arts1 vol4 iii4 p4 #f4 ,,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,c4 ,,r[or?1 ,,bell ,,y>d1 ,,temple ,,b>4 ,,! ,,c5tury ,,( ,,inv5tions ,,( ,,! ,,m>quis ,,( ,,worce/]4 ,,f ,,! ,,orig9al ,,ms4 ,,) ,,hi/orical ,,& ,,explanatory ,,notes ,,& ,a ,,biographical ,,memoir4 ,,by ,,*>les ,f4 ,,p>t+ton1 ,,au?or ,,( ,a ,,descriptive ,,acc\nt ,,( ,,! ,,/eam ,,eng9e1 ,,& ,,lectur] ,,at ,,! ,,london1 ,,russel1 ,,surrey1 ,,& ,,metropolitan ,,in/itutions1 ,,me*anics' ,,in/itute1 c4 c4 ,,london3 ,,john ,,murray1 ,,albem>le-,,/reet4 ,,mdcccxxv4 ,,to ,,doctor ,,george ,,birkbeck1 ,,presid5t ,,( ,,! ,,london ,,me*anics' ,,in/itution ,,& ,,( ,,! ,,*emical ,,& ,,meteorological ,,societies1 ,,f\nd] ,,& ,,patron ,,( ,,! ,,glasg[ ,,me*anics' ,,in/itute1 c4 c4 c4 ,,de> ,,sir1 ,z a connect+ l9k 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,,/eam ,,eng9e1 ,i "k t y\r att5tion has be5 direct$ to ! ,m>quis ( ,worce/]'s ,,c5tury ,,( ,,inv5tions1 & t its m]its 7 duly appreciat$ by y at a v e>ly p]iod ( ,life4--,t ^! ,illu/rations ( "o ( ! mo/ valuable sci5tific productions ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 may des]ve y\r fav\rable notice1 & prove an acceptable pres5t to ! ext5sive class ( ,read]s :i* y\r patriotic ex]tions are n[ s rapidly add+ to ! ,sci5tific ,_w1 is ! s9c]e wi% (1 ,de> ,sir1 ,y\r fai?ful & oblig$ humble ,s]vant1 ,,*>les ,f4 ,,p>t+ton4 ,london ,in/itution1 ,feb4 #f?1 #ahbe4 ,,biographical ,,memoir ,,( ,,edw>d ,,m>quis ,,( ,,worce/]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,biographical ,,memoir ,,( ,,edw>d ,,m>quis ,,( ,,worce/]4 ,!re are few p]sons :o h suff]$ m f p>ty zeal1 or ga9$ less f hi/oric c&\r1 ?an ! noble subject ( ! foll[+ brief memoir4 ,inde$ no regul> biograph] has yet appe>$ to d ju/ice to 8 zeal\s ex]tions 9 ! cause ( 8 un=tunate b misguid$ ma/]1 or 8 /ill m patriotic ef=ts = ! advancem5t ( sci5tific k4 ,all1 h[ev]1 :o h 9 any %ape allud$1 ei!r to ! political pr9ciples1 religi\s t5ets1 or sci5tific acquirem5ts ( ! ,m>quis ( ,worce/]1 appe> to h be5 guid$ r by a _s ( fanatic intol]ance1 or a wi% to cle> ,k+ ,*>les f ! heavy responsibility :i* atta*$ to in/ructions giv5 "u 8 own h& & seal1 :5 ! ,m>quis 0 employ$ 9 ,irel&4 ,^! !n appe> to h be5 ! concurr+ causes1 t h s long )held f ! noble ,au?or ! v5]ation 8 memory s ju/ly m]its2 & we n[ proce$ to foll[ him ?r\gh 8 %ort b active c>e] 9 public life4 ,edw>d1 six? e>l & second ,m>quis ( ,worce/]1 0 born at ,ragl& ne> ,monm\?2 & 8 family1 :o _h long be5 di/+ui%$ = ! mo/ devot$ loyalty1 possess$ ! l>ge/ l&$ e/ate ( any nobleman atta*$ to ! ,briti% c\rt4 ,8 gr&fa!r ,edw>d1 f\r? ,e>l ( ,worce/]1 enjoy$ 9 a mo/ di/+ui%$ degree ! fav\r ( ,que5 ,elizabe?1 & h] successor ,k+ ,james4 ,9 #aeic1 he 0 in/itut$ ,knight ( ! ,g>t]1 & receiv$ a p5sion ( fifte5 hundr$ p\nds p] annum = life4 ,s&=d describes him z a great fav\r] ( le>n+ & good lit]ature3 he di$ 9 ! #gi? ye> ( 8 age1 at ,worce/] ,h\se1 9 ! ,/r&2 & 0 buri$ 9 ,ragl& *ur*4 ,h5ry1 ! fif? e>l1 & fa!r ( ! ,m>quis1 succe$$ to ! title & e/ates 9 #afbh3 ! family rev5ue d]iv$ f ^? 9 ,monm\?%ire alone1 at ?is p]iod am\nt+ to upw>ds ( tw5ty-?\s& p\nds p] annum4 ,9 #afdb1 ! ye> 9 :i* he 0 creat$ ,m>quis ( ,worce/]1 he rais$ & support$ an army ( #aejj foot1 & ne> #ejj horse-soldi]s1 :i* 7 plac$ "u ! comm& ( 8 son ,"l ,h]b]t1 ! subject ( ?is ,memoir4 ,dur+ ! civil commotions1 ,*>les made sev]al visits to ,ragl& ca/le1 :]e he 0 ent]ta9$ ) ! greate/ magnific5ce1#a & on ^? occasions p>ticul>ly di/+ui%$ ! "y ,"l ,h]b]t4 ,on an op5 rupture tak+ place betwe5 ! ,k+ & ,p>liam5t1 8 ,maje/y inve/$ ,"l ,h]b]t ) ! comm& ( a l>ge body ( troops !n rais+ 9 8 native c\ntry1 & an opportunity 0 soon (f]$ = call+ 8 milit>y tal5ts into action4 ,pr9ce ,rup]t1 %ortly aft] ! battle ( ,m>/on ,moor1 direct$ 8 att5tion t[>ds ! ,m>*es ( ,wales1 :i* awak5+ ! jeal\sy ( ! ,p>liam5t>y ,g5]al ,massey1 he by a feign$ c\nt]-movem5t surpris$ ! city ( ,monm\?1 :i* _h always be5 consid]$ z ! key ( ,s\? ,wales1 & ?us ?rew ! inhabitants ( ,ragl& into ! greate/ confusion & al>m4 #a ,"s idea ( ! almo/ ,,regal spl5d\r ( ! noble possessor ( ,ragl& ca/le at ?is p]iod1 & an int]e/+ picture ( b>onial mann]s 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 may be f\nd 9 ! foll[+ au!ntic docum5t1 :i* has be5 accurately copi$ f ! orig9al ,,ms4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,! ,,h\sehold1 ,c4 ,at elev5 o'clock 9 ! =5oon ! ca/le gates 7 %ut1 & ! tables laid1 viz4 two 9 ! d9+-room1 ?ree 9 ! hall1 "o 9 ,mrs4 ,watson's ap>tm5t1 :]e ! *apla9s eat1 7,sir ,toby ,mat!ws be+ ! fir/17 & two 9 ! h\se-keep]'s room1 = ! ladies wom54 ,! ,,e>l ent]$ ! d9+-room att5d$ by 8 g5tlem54 ,z soon z he 0 seat$1 ,sir ,ralph ,black/one1 /ew>d ( ! h\se1 retir$4 ,! comptroll]1 ,mr4 ,holl&1 att5d$ ) 8 /aff1 z did ! sew]1 ! daily wait]s1 & _m g5tlem5's sons1 ) e/ates f two to sev5 hundr$ p\nds a ye>1 :o 7 br$ up 9 ! ca/le3 & my lady's g5tlem5 ( ! *amb]4 ,at ! fir/ table1 sat ,! noble family1 & su* ( ! nobility z came !re4 ,at ! second table1 9 ! d9+-room1 sat ,knights & hon\rable g5tlem51 att5d$ by footm54 ,9 ! hall1 at ! fir/ table1 sat ,sir ,ralph ,black/one1 ,/ew>d--,! ,comptroll]4 ,! ,secret>y--,! ,ma/] ( ! ,horse--,! ,ma/] ( ! ,fi% ,ponds1 my ,"l ,h]b]t's preceptor1 ) su* g5tlem5 z came !re "u ! degree ( a knight1 att5d$ by footm51 & pl5tifully s]v$ ) w9e4 ,at ! second table 9 ! hall1 s]v$ f my ,"l's table1 & ) o!r hot meats1 sat ,! ,sew]1 ) ! g5tlem5 wait]s1 & pages1 to ! numb] ( tw5ty-f\r4 ,at ! ?ird table 9 ! hall1 sat ,! ,cl]k ( ! ,kit*51 ) ! yeom51 (fic]s ( ! h\se1 two grooms ( ! *amb]1 c4 ,! o!r (fic]s ( ! h\sehold1 7 ,*ief ,auditor--,cl]k ( ! ,acc\nts--,purveyor ( ! ,ca/le--,u%]s ( ! ,hall--,closet ,keep]--,g5tlem5 ( ! ,*apel--,keep] ( ! ,records--,ma/] ( ! ,w>drobe--,ma/] ( ! ,arm\ry--,twelve ma/] ,grooms ( ! ,/ables1 = ! ,w> horses--,ma/] ( ! ,h\nds--,ma/] ,falcon]--,port] & 8 man--two keep]s ( ! ,home ,p>k--two keep]s ( ! ,r$ de] ,p>k--& footm51 grooms1 & o!r m5ial s]vants1 to ! numb] ( "o hundr$ & fifty6 ,on ! fir/ intellig5ce ( ! fall ( ,monm\? rea*+ ! ,m>quis1 he despat*$ ,"l ,h]b]t ) a consid]able body ( =ces1 :o jo9+ a troop ( cavali]s f ,godridge1 lodg$ !mselves undiscov]$ beh9d a ris+ gr\nd ne> t city4 ,a p>ty ( ab\t =ty m51 :o volunte]$ = ! occasion1 7 head$ by ,"l ,h]b]t1 & proce$$ to reconnoitre ! t[n4 ,hav+ climb$ an e>!n r$\bt :i* _h be5 ?r[n up by ! ,p>liam5t>y =ces1 !y pass$ ! dit* & fell ^u ! gu>d1 :o 7 imm$iately put to ! sword1 & a few seconds m suffic$ = break+ ! port-*a9 & =c+ an entry = ! horse1 :o1 hav+ by ?is "t jo9$ _! brave comrades1 ent]$ ! t[n at full gallop2 surr\nd+ ! ma9 gu>d1 ! :ole ( :om !y took prison]s4 ,! result ( ?is brilliant & *ivalr\s ent]prise 0 ! capture ( ,colonel ,br\ghton1 f\r capta9s1 z _m lieut5ants & ensigns1 ! committee1 all ! private soldi]s1 & a consid]able quantity ( arms & ammunition4 ,s signal a display ( brav]y & devot$ness to ! royal cause 9 ! "y cavali] procur$ f 8 ,maje/y ! w>me/ comm5dations2 & 9 ! mon? ( ,janu>y1 #afdd1 he _h ! hon\r to receive 8 fir/ commission to negotiate ) ! ,iri% ,ca?olics2 :ile at ! same "t he 0 recomm5d$ by ! k+ to ! ,e>l ( ,ormonde1 z "o ^: loyalty might be reli$ ^u4 ,) reg>d to 8 ,lord%ip's fitness = ?is appo9tm5t1 !re c be b "o op9ion3 educat$ among ,ca?olics1 & z su* n likely to excite ! same suspicions z w\ld naturally atta* to any negotiation ) _! av[$ enemy1 ! ,e>l ( ,ormonde1 & possess+ consid]able influ5ce at ! c\rt ( ,rome1 he seem$ peculi>ly qualifi$ to fill ! (fice ( m$iator2 & hav+ become popul> ) ! p at home by 8 kn[n lib]ality & patriotism1 ! appo9tm5t 0 n likely to excite mu* dissatisfaction on ! "p ( ! ,puritans4 ,! d]ang$ /ate ( 8 ,maje/y's affairs1 :i* 7 n[ gr[+ desp]ate f ! cont9u$ advantages ( ! rebels 9 ,irel&1 & 8 /ill m viol5t & fanatic subjects at home1 r5d]$ x necess>y t "s sacrifices %\ld be made to conciliate ! ,iri% ,ca?olics2 z he w\ld ?us procure a p[]ful & effici5t =ce to aid him aga9/ ! ,cov5ant]s4 ,9 pro( ( 8 anxiety on ?is subject1 !re 7 no less ?an eight lett]s writt5 by ! k+ himself1 beside ^? ( 8 secret>ies1 press+ = a spe$y adju/m5t ( ! diff]5ces t _h s long agitat$ ! si/] k+dom4 ,! fir/ commission "u ! great seal 0 dat$ ! six? ( ,janu>y1 & furni%$ ! ,m>quis ) full p[] to levy any numb] ( m5 9 ,irel& or else:]e2 to make gov]nors ( =ts1 c42 & to receive ! k+'s r5ts4 ,^u ! twelf? ( ,m>* foll[+1 ! ,m>quis receiv$ ano!r commission1 equally z ext5sive z ! prec$+2 a copy ( :i* is pres]v$ by ,ru%wor?1 9 8 ,collections1 :i* we "h subjo94 ,,*>les ,r4 ,,*>les1 by ! grace ( ,god1 ( ,engl&1 ,scotl&1 ,france1 & ,irel&1 ,def5d] ( ! ,fai?1 c41 to our tru/y & well belov$ c\s91 ,,edw>d ,e>l ( ,glamorgan1 greet+4 ,we1 repos+ great & especial tru/ & confid5ce 9 y\r approv$ wisdom & fidelity1 d by ^! pres5ts1 z firmly z "u our ,great ,seal1 to all int5ts & purposes1 au?orise1 & give y p[] to treat & conclude ) ! conf$]ate ,roman ,ca?olics 9 our k+dom ( ,irel&1 if ^u necessity any be to be consc5d$ unto1 :]e9 our lieut5ant 7! ,e>l ( ,ormonde7 _c s well be se5 91 z also n fit = u at pres5t publicly to own4 ,!re=e we *>ge y to proce$ accord+ to ?is our w>rant ) all possible secrecy2 & = :atsoev] y %all engage y\rself1 ^u su* valuable consid]ations z y 9 y\r judgm5t %all deem fit1 we promise1 ^u ! ^w ( a k+ & a ,*ri/ian1 to ratify & p]=m1 ! same t %all be grant$ by y & "u y\r h& & seal2 ! said conf$]ate ,ca?olics hav+ by _! supplies te/ifi$ _! zeal to our s]vice3 & ?is %all be 9 ea* p>ticul> to y a suffici5t w>rant4 ,giv5 at our ,c\rt at ,ox=d1 "u our ,signet & ,royal ,signature1 ! twelf? ( ,m>*1 9 ! tw5tie? ye> ( our reign1 sixte5 hundr$ & =ty-five4#b #b ,8 lord%ip 0 creat$ ,e>l ( ,glamorgan a few days prior to 8 dep>ture = ,irel&1 & ,c>te1 :o 9 e po9t 9 :i* ,*>les 0 conc]n$1 inv>iably conceal$ :atev] t5d$ to ca/ a /a9 on ! k+'s "*1 & ^: gross p>tiality 9 ?is p>ticul> in/ance we %all h]eaft] m fully notice1 has ev5 que/ion$ ! propriety ( ! ,m>quis's assum+ ! title ( ,e>l ( ,glamorgan4 ,to support ?is argum5t1 x is said t 8 ,maje/y ord]$ ,secret>y ,ni*olas to acqua9t ! ,e>l ( ,ormonde1 t1 ! pat5t = mak+ ,"l ,h]b]t ,e>l ( ,glamorgan _h nev] pass$ ! great seal2 & ! apologi/ = ,*>les1 anxi\s to make ! mo/ ( ?is equivocation 9 ! k+1 adduces x z an objection to ! au!nticity ( ! ,iri% commission4 ,s&=d1 h[ev]1 :o 9 an intimate acqua9tance ) ! hi/ory ( ! royal grants 0 surpass$ by none1 says1 t !re n[ rema9s 9 ! signet (fice a bill1 "u ! royal sign manual at ,ox=d1 if a pat5t did n !reupon pass ! great seal1 9 ord] to 8 creation into ! hon\r ( ,e>l ( ,glamorgan4 ,:o1 x may be ask$ aft] p]us+ ?is docum5t1 w be h>dy en\gh to pron\nce ) ,hume t ! k+ 0 incapable ( dissimulation8 especially :5 c\pl$ ) 8 ,maje/y's subsequ5t decl>ation to bo? ,h\ses ( ,p>liam5t2 9 :i* he expressly says1 t ! ,m>quis1 hav+ made an (f] to raise =ces 9 ,irel& & conduct !m into ,engl& = 8 s]vice1 _h a commission to t purpose2 b !n1 adds ! k+1 x 0 to t purpose only1 & n to treat ( any ?+ else )\t ! privity & direction ( ! ,"l ,lieut5ant4 ,:at degree ( cr$it ought to be giv5 to ! latt] "p ( 8 ,maje/y's decl>ation1 is pretty pla9ly %ewn by ! foll[+ lett] to ! papal legate1 :i* fully accords ) ! in/rum5t we h j quot$ ( ! twelf? ( ,m>*3 ,,sir1 ,he>+ ( y\r resolution = ,irel&1 we d n d\bt b ?+s w g well1 & t ! good int5tions began by means ( ! la/ pope1 w be accompli%$ by ! pres5t1 by y\r means 9 our k+doms ( ,irel& & ,engl&1 y jo9+ ) our de> c\s9 ! ,e>l ( ,,glamorgan2 ) :om :atev] y %all resolve we %all ?9k ourselves oblig$ to1 & p]=m x at 8 return4 ,8 great m]its oblige u to ?is confid5ce1 :i* we repose 9 him above all1 hav+ kn[n him above tw5ty ye>s2 dur+ :i* "t1 he ha? always signally advanc$ himself 9 our good e/eem1 & by all k9d ( means c>ri$ ! prize above all our subjects4 ,?is be+ jo9$ to ! consid]ation ( 8 blood1 y may well judge ( ! passion :i* we h p>ticul>ly = him1 & t no?+ %all be want+ on our "p to p]fect :at he %all oblige himself to 9 our "n1 9 consid]ation ( ! fav\rs receiv$ by y\r means4 ,confide !re=e 9 him3 b 9 ! mean:ile1 accord+ to ! directions we h giv5 him1 h[ important x is t ! affair %\ld be kept secret1 !re is no occasion to p]suade y1 s9ce y see t ! necessity ( ! ?+ requires x4 ,?is is ! fir/ lett] :i* we h ev] wrote imm$iately to any ,m9i/] ( ,/ate ( ! ,pope1 hop+ x w n be ! la/2 b t aft] ! said e>l & y %all h conc]t$ y\r measures1 we %all op5ly %ew ourself1 z we h assur$ him4 ,y\r ,fri5d1 ,,*>les ,r4 ,f our ,c\rt at ,ox=d1 #cj? ,april1 #afde4 ,! e>l's negotiation _h hi!rto gone on prosp]\sly1 & !re 0 good reason to suppose t he w\ld %ortly h br\ght ! rebels to a complete concurr5ce ) 8 ,maje/y's views1 :5 a mo/ unexpect$ accid5t disconc]t$ ! :ole ( 8 s*emes4 ,an attempt hav+ be5 made by ! ,iri% ^u ,kilk5ny ab\t ! end ( ,octob]1 #afde1 9 :i* ! titul> ,ar*bi%op ( ,tuam _h a comm&2 ! rebels 7 beat5 & ! prelate kill$1 9 ^: baggage 0 f\nd a copy ( ! treaty :i* 8 ,lord%ip _h ent]$ into ) ! conf$]ate ,ca?olics & ! pope's nuncio4 ,( ?is discov]y imm$iate in=mation 0 furni%$ to ! ,p>liam5t1 !n sitt+1 :i* _h inv>iably express$ ! greate/ av]sion to any concession be+ made to ! ,ca?olics2 & ! matt] became s public1 t ! ,lords ,ormonde & ,digby f\nd x necess>y to d some?+ t[>ds ! v9dication ( 8 ,maje/y's hon\r1 & to pres]ve appe>ances ) ! ,p>liam5t4 ,! c\ncil hav+ met on ! tw5ty-six?1 ,"l ,digby appe>$ at ! bo>d1 & accus+ ! ,e>l ( ,glamorgan ( high treason1 mov$ t he %\ld be imm$iately committ$ to ! ca/le4 ,on ! foll[+ day he 0 exam9$ by a committee ( ! c\ncil1 :5 he exon]at$ 8 ,maje/y1 & reque/$ t ! :ole blame ( ! matt] might be attribut$ to him2 z he _h consult$ ) no "o on ! subject1 b ! p>ties ) :om he _h made ! agreem5t4#c #c ,!re is sc>cely to be f\nd on record1 a m en?usia/ic in/ance ( loyalty & self-devotion ?an 0 exhibit$ by 8 lord%ip on ?is occasion2 = ) ! damn+ pro(s :i* he !n possess$ ( 8 ,maje/y's complete concurr5ce & p>ticipation 9 ! :ole matt]1 !re c\ld n = an in/ant h be5 a d\bt ( 8 own hon\rable acquittal4 ,!re 0 also a c]ta9 assurance ( procur+ ! fav\r ( ! ,p>liam5t3 :o requir$ no?+ m ?an ^! docum5ts to col\r ! proce$+s !y 7 !n m$itat+1 & :i*1 inde$1 aft]w>ds =m$ "o ( ! pr9cipal *>ges aga9/ ?is ill-fat$ mon>*4 ,:5 ! intellig5ce ( 8 lord%ip's imprisonm5t rea*$ ,kilk5ny1 :]e ! supreme c\ncil !n held _! sitt+s1 ! ,ca?olics 7 ?r[n into ! greate/ confusion1 & "s insi/$ on an imm$iate rec\rse to arms = 8 enl>gem5t4 ,^! proce$+s1 h[ev]1 7 soon /ay$ by ! fri5ds ( ! ,e>l ( ,ormonde1 & 8 lord%ip 0 %ortly aft]w>ds releas$ on bail4 ,z soon z ?is 0 effect$ he repair$ to ,kilk5ny1 9 ord] to exp$ite ! emb>kation ( a =ce am\nt+ to ab\t ?ree ?\s& m51 :i* _h be5 rais$ = ! relief ( ,*e/]2 &1 _h !re be5 a suffici5t co-op]ation on ! "p ( ! g5]al c\ncil1 !y might h sail$ "t en\gh to h af=d$ ! mo/ ess5tial s]vice to ! royal cause2 b aft] repeat$ delays on _! "p1 intellig5ce 0 br\ght ( ! loss ( t important city2 & ! ,m>quis1 f9d+ t 8 fur!r /ay 9 ,irel& 0 att5d$ ) consid]able haz>d to 8 own life1 )\t any comm5surate b5efit to 8 ,maje/y1 resolv$ on emb>k+ = ,france1 :]e he 0 soon aft] jo9$ by ! exil$ que54 ,imm$iately aft] 8 lord%ip's dep>ture = ! cont95t1 ! p>liam5t>y =ces "u ,sir ,?omas ,fairfax appe>$ be=e ,ragl&2 & be+ refus$ admission by ! v5]able old ,m>quis1 _! ho/ile approa*es 7 c>ri$ on ) great vig\r1 9 spite ( repeat$ sallies f ! =tress4 ,! gallant vet]an1 h[ev]1 f9d+ ! g>rison1 :i* at fir/ consi/$ ( only #hjj m51 r$uc$ to less ?an half t numb]1 surr5d]$ on hon\rable t]ms on ! #ag? ,augu/4 ,not)/&+ ! pl$ge giv5 by ,sir ,?omas ,fairfax1 ! conditions ( capitulation 7 mo/ disgracefully violat$1 & ! ,m>quis 0 committ$ to ! cu/ody ( ! ,black ,rod1 :]e he langui%$ till ! ,decemb] foll[+2 :5 he expir$ 9 ! eighty-fif? ye> ( 8 age1 & 0 buri$ 9 ,/4 ,george's ,*apel at ,w9dsor4 ,9 ! mean "t ! =tifications ( ,ragl& 7 de/roy$1 & all ! timb] 9 ! p>ks 0 cut d[n1 & sold by ! committee ( seque/rations4 ,! lead alone t cov]$ ! ca/le 0 sold = #f1jjj p\nds1 & ! loss to ! family 9 ! h\se & woods1 has be5 e/imat$ at n less ?an #ajj1jjj p\nds6 ,f ! de/ruction ( ,ragl& ca/le by ! ,p>liam5t>y =ces1 till ! beg9n+ ( #afed1 ! e>l's "n sc>cely occurs 9 ! political hi/ory ( ^? times2 b ab\t t p]iod1 we f9d him atta*$ to ! suit ( ,*>les ,,ii41 :o !n resid$ at ! c\rt ( ,france3 & 9 ! foll[+ ye> he 0 dispat*$ by ! exil$ mon>* to ,london1 = ! purpose ( procur+ private intellig5ce & supplies ( money1 ( :i* ! k+ 0 9 ! greate/ ne$4 ,he 01 h[ev]1 spe$ily discov]$ & committ$ a close prison] to ! ,t[]1 :]e he rema9$ 9 captivity = sev]al ye>s4 ,"s idea ( ! /ate ( indig5ce to :i* ! ,m>quis 0 n[ r$uc$ may be =m$ f a p]usal ( ! foll[+ ,lett]1 direct$ to ! celebrat$ ,colonel ,copley1 :o 01 x appe>s1 "o ( ! noble ,au?or's support]s4 ,de> ,fri5d1 ,i kn[e n ) :at face to desire a curtesie f y1 s9ce ,i h n yet pay$ y ! five p[nds1 & ! mayne bus9esse soe long protract$1 :]eby my reallity & k9dnesse %\ld ) ?ankefullnesse appe>e2 = ?\gh ! lea/ ,i int5de y is to make up ! somme allready promis$1 to a ?\s& p[nds ye>ly1 or a %>e amm\nt+ to f>r m1 7:i* to nom9ate be=e ! p]fection ( ! woorke 7 b an individuum vagum1 & !re=e ,i def]re x1 & vpon noe o!r score17 yet1 9 ?is int]im1 my disapo9tm5ts are soe great1 z t ,i am =c$ to begge1 if y c\ld possible1 ey!r to helpe me ) t5ne p[nds to ?is be>]1 or to make vse ( ! coa*e1 & to goe to ,mr4 ,cl]ke1 & if he c\ld ?is daye helpe me to fifty p[nds1 !n to paye y\rself ! five p[nds ,i owe y out ( !m4 ,ey!r ( ^! w inf9itely oblige me4 ,! ald]man has tak5 ?ree days "t to consid] ( x4 ,p>don ! great tr\bles ,i give y1 :i* ,i d\bt n b 9 "t to des]ve by really appe>+ ,y\r mo/ ?ankful fri5d ,,worce/]4 #bh? ( ,m>*1 #afef4 ,to my honor$ fri5d ,collonell ,*ri/oph] ,coppley1 ,^!4 ,on ! k+'s re/oration1 ! ,m>quis ( ,worce/] 0 "o ( ! fir/ to congratulate 8 ,maje/y on ! happy ev5t1 ?\gh ! situation ( ! un=tunate nobleman 0 little bett]$ by ! *ange2 inde$ x appe>$ b z ! signal = new p]secutions1 z "o ( ! e>lie/ public acts ( t ungrateful mon>* may be *>act]iz$ z an invidi\s attempt to set aside ! j claims ( 8 e>lie/ & be/ fri5d4 ,9 #affj ! ,h\se ( ,lords appo9t$ a committee to consid] ( ! validity ( a pat5t grant$ to ! ,m>quis ( ,worce/] 9 prejudice to ! ,pe]s1 ^u ! fir/ intimation ( :i* 8 ,lord%ip s5t a mess5g] to ! committee !n sitt+1 /at+ 8 will+ness to surr5d] x1 & x 0 %ortly aft]w>ds pres5t$ to ! ,h\se by 8 son ,"l ,h]b]t4 ,9 #affc appe>$ ! fir/ edition ( ! noble ,au?or's ,c5tury ( ,inv5tions1 & on ! #c;d ( ,april 9 ! same ye>1 a bill 0 br\ght 9 = grant+ to him & 8 successors ! :ole ( ! pr(its t might arise f ! use ( an eng9e1 describ$ 9 ! la/ article 9 ! ,c5tury4#d #d ,"l ,or=d describes ?is bill to h pass$ on ! simple affirmation ( ! discov]y t he 7! ,m>quis7 _h made2 b 8 lord%ip's palpable want ( c&\r 9 ?is /atem5t w be app>5t :5 x is kn[n t !re 7 no less ?an sev5 meet+s ( committees on ! subject1 compos$ ( "s ( ! mo/ le>n$ m5 9 ! h\se1 :o1 aft] consid]able am5dm5ts1 f9ally pass$ x on ! #ab? ( ,may4--,vide1 ,j\rnals ( ! ,lords & ,commons = #affc-d4 ,( ! m]its ( ! ,c5tury ( ,inv5tions z a lit]>y composition b little c ) ju/ice be said2 :e!r1 h[ev]1 z a sci5tific production1 x des]ves ! "* t has be5 giv5 ( x by m5 m celebrat$ = _! lit]>y atta9m5ts1 ?an = sci5tific k1 ! read]1 aft] a p]usal ( ! "w1 w readily det]m9e4#e #e ,a popul> au?or1 to "o ( ^: mi/atem5ts we allud$ 9 a prec$+ note1 describes ! ,m>quis z a fanta/ic projector1 & 8 ,c5tury z an amaz+ piece ( folly4 ,hav+ h[ev]1 9 ! notes app5d$ to ?is "w1 fully demon/rat$ n only ! practicability ( apply+ ! major "p ( ! inv5tions !re describ$1 b ! absolute application ( _m ( !m1 ?\gh "u o!r names1 to "s ( ! mo/ useful purposes ( life2 we %all leave x to ! public to judge1 :e!r ! man :o fir/ discov]$ a mode ( apply+ /eam z a me*anical ag5t1 an inv5tion alone suffici5t to immortalize ! age 9 :i* he liv$1 des]ves ! "n ( a fanta/ic projector4 ,! second edition ( ! ,c5tury 0 publi%$ 9 #agdf2 ! ?ird 9 #agfg3 :ile ! f\r?1 :i* may be consid]$ z ! be/ edition1 is a repr9t f ! fir/1 & is furni%$ ) an app5dix conta9+ an ,hi/orical ,acc\nt ( ! ,fire ,eng9e = ,rais+ ,wat]4 ,x is dat$ ,kyo1 ne> ,lanca/]1 ,june #ah1 #aggh4 ,! fif? is a repr9t f ! ,glasg[ copy1 by ,w4 ,bailey1 ,proprietor ( ! ,speak+ ,figure1 n[ %[+1 by p]mission ( ! ,"r ,hon4 ! ,"l ,mayor1 at ,no4 #db1 )9 ,bi%opsgate1 #aghf4 ,! six? edition 0 conf9$ to #ajj copies1 & dat$ ,london #ahac4 ,! ,m>quis likewise publi%$ a "w entitl$ ,an ,exact & true ,def9ition ( ! mo/ /up5d\s ,wat]-comm&+ ,eng9e1 inv5t$ by ! ,"r ,hon\rable 7& des]v$ly to be prais$ & admir$7 ,edw>d ,som]set ,"l ,m>quis ( ,worce/]1 & by 8 ,lord%ip himself pres5t$ to 8 mo/ excell5t ,maje/y ,*>les ,,ii41 our mo/ graci\s ,sov]eign4 ,?is 0 publi%$ 9 a small qu>to volume consi/+ ( only tw5ty-two pages1 & is n[ become extremely r>e4 ,8 lord%ip surviv$ ! publication ( ?is "w b two ye>s2 z he di$ 9 retirem5t ne> ,london ^u ! ?ird ( ,april #affg4 ,8 rema9s 7 convey$ ) fun]al solemnity to ! cemet]y ( ! ,beau=t family 9 ,ragl& *ur*2 :]e he 0 int]r$ on ,friday ! n9ete5? ( ! same mon?1 ne> ! body ( 8 gr&fa!r1 ,edw>d ,e>l ( ,worce/]4 ,! c(f9 0 plac$ 9 an ar*$ /one vault1 ) ! foll[+ inscription on a brass plate3 ,depositum ,illu/rissimi ,pr9cipis ,edw>di ,m>*ionis et ,comitis ,wigorni1 ,comitis de ,glamorgan1 ,b>onis ,h]b]t de ,raglan1 ,*ep/[ et ,g[]1 nec non s]5issimo nup] ,dom9o ,regi ,c>olo primo1 ,s\?walli locum t55tis3 qui obiit apud ,lond4 t]tio die ,aprilis1 ,an4 ,dom4 ,,mdclxvii4 ,,orig9al ,,lett]s ,,& ,,(ficial ,,pap]s1 ,,illu/rative ,,( ,,! ,,prec$+ ,,memoir4 ,! manuscripts f :5ce ! annex$ docum5ts h be5 select$1 are n[ 9 ! possession ( 8 ,grace ! ,duke ( ,beau=t2 & ! ,editor w\ld be want+ 9 ju/ice to ano!r di/+ui%$ memb] ( ! same noble family1 did he omit to ackn[l$ge ! great k9dness :i* he has receiv$ f ,"l ,granville ,som]set1 :o has mat]ially assi/$ ! ,editor 9 illu/rat+ ! lab\rs ( 8 v +5i\s ance/or4 ,,glamorgan ,i he]ew? s5d y ! re/ ( my dispat*es = ,irel&1 :e!r ,i praye ha/51 "t bee+ mo/ consid]able4 ,i am s5sible ( ! dang]s yu w und]goe1 & ye greate tr\ble & exp5ces y mu/ be at1 n be+ able to assi/e yw :o h already sp5t ab\e a ,million ( ,cr[ns 9 my s]vice1 nei!r c ,i saye m !n ,i well remembr to h spoke & writt5 to y t allready words c\ld n expresse y\r m]its nor my gratitude3 & t next to my wife & *ildr5 ,i 0 mo/ b\nd to take c>e ( y4 :]e( ,i h besides o!rs p>ticul>ly assur$ yor ,cos9 ,biron z a p]son de>e unto y4 ,:at ,i c fur!r ?9ke at ?is pnt is to s5d yw ! ,blue ,ribb51 & a ,w>rant = ! ,title ( ,duke ( ,som]set bo? w* accept & make vse ( at y\r discretion1 & if y %\ld def]re ye publi%+ ( ei!r = a :yle to avoyde envye1 & my be+ importun$ by o!rs yet ,i promise yor ,antiquitie = ye "o & y\r ,patt5t = ye o!r %all be>e ,date ) ! ,w>rants4 ,& re/ assur$1 if ,god %\ld crosse me w? y\r misc>ry+ ,i w treate y\r ,sonne z myne owne1 & t yu lab\r = a de>e fre9d z well z a ?ankefull ,ma/] :5 tyme %all af=de meanes to ackn[l$ge1 h[ mu* ,i am ,yor mo/ assur$ reall con/ant & ?ankfull fre9d ,*>les ,r4 ,ox=d ,feb4 #ab1 #afdd4 ,ox=d ?is seconde ( ,janu>y #afdd ,sev]all ,heades :]eupon y our ,"r tru/y & "r welbelov$ ,cos5 ,edw>d ,e>le ( ,glamorgan may securely proce$e 9 execution ( our ,comm&s4 ,fir/ y may +age yr e/ate1 int]e/ & cr$itt t we w mo/ really & punctually p]=me any our promises to ! ,iri%1 & z x is necess>y to conclude a ,peace sudda9ely1 soe :atsoev] %all be cons5t$ unto by our ,lieut5ant ! ,m>quis ( ,ormond1 ,we w dye a ?\s& dea?s r ?an disannull or breake x1 & if vpon necessity any ?+ be to be condesc5d$ unto1 & yet ! ,"l ,m>quis n will+ to be se5e !re91 z n fitt = u at ! pres5t publickely to owne1 doe y endeav\r to supply ! same4 ,if = ! enc\ragem5t ( ! ,"l ,m>quis ( ,ormond y see x ne$efull to h ! ,gu>t] s5t him1 or any fur!r fav\r demon/rat$ f vs vnto him1 we w cause ! same to be p]=m$4 ,if = ! advantage ( our s]vice y see fitt to promise any titles1 ev5 to ! ,titles ( ,e>les 9 ey!r ( our ,k+domes1 vpon notice f y we w cause ! same to be p]=m$4 ,= ! ,ma9t5ance ( our ,army vnd] yr ,comaund we are grati\sly pleas$ to all[e ! ,del9qu5tes e/ates :]e y ov]come1 to be dispos$ by y1 z alsoe any our rev5ues 9 ! sayd places1 ,cu/omes or o!r1 our pr(itts1 woods & ! l w? ! contributions4 ,:atev] ,t[nes or places ( importance y %all ?9ke fitt to possesse y %all place ,comaund]s & ,gov]n\rs !re9 at yr pleasure4 ,:atev] ,ord] we %all s5de y 7w* y are only to obey7 ,we give y leave to imp>t ! same to yr ,c\nsill at ,w>r & if !y & y approve n !re( ,we give y leave to replye1 & soe f>r %all we be f tak+ x z a disob$i5ce1 t we comaunde ! same4 ,at yr returne we w accept ( "s (fic]s vpon yr recomendation1 to ! ende noe ob/acle or delay may be 9 ! execution ( yr desires 9 ord] to our s]vice1 & our comaunds 9 t behalfe4 ,at yr ,returne y %all h ye ,comaund ( ,s\? ,wales1 ,h]e=d%ire1 & ,gloce/]-%ire ( ! ,wel%-side return$ to y 9 z ample mann] z be=e4 ,9 yr absc5ce we w n give cr$itt or c\nt5ance to any ?+1 w* may be preiudiciall to yr ,fa!r1 y1 or y\rs ,c4 ,r4 ,,h]b]t ,i wond]1 y are n yet gone = ,irel&2 b s9ce y h /ay$ all ?is "t1 ,i hope ^! w ou]take y1 :]eby y w ! m see ! great tru/ & confid5ce ,i repose 9 y\r integrity1 ( :i* ,i h _h soe long & soe good exp]i5ce2 comm&+ y[ to deale ) all +5uity & fre$ome ) our ,lieut5ant ( ,irel& ! ,m>quis ( ,ormond1 & on ! ^w ( a ,k+ & a ,*ri/ian ,i w make good any ?+1 :i* our ,lieut5ant %all be induc$ unto ^u y\r p]suasion3 & if y f9d x fitt+1 y may privately %ew him ^!1 :i* ,i int5d n z obligatory to him1 b to myselfe1 & = bo? y\r enc\ragem5ts & w>rantise1 9 :om ,i repose my *eefe/ hopes1 n hav+ 9 all my ,k+domes two su* subjects2 ^: endeau\rs jo9+1 ,i am confid5t to be soone draw5 out ( ! mire1 ,i am n[ en=c$ to wall[ 92 & !n %all ,i %ew my ?ankfullnesse to y bo?1 & z y h neu] fail$ mee1 soe %all ,i neu] faile y1 b 9 all ?+s %ew h[ mu* ,i am ,ox=de ! #ab? ( ,m>* #afdd4 ,,h]b]t ,i am confid5t t ?is hone/ tru/y be>] w give y good satisfaction :y ,i h n 9 eu]ie ?+ done z y desir$1 ! wante ( ,confid5ce 9 y bee+ s f>re f bee+ ye cause !re( t ,i am eu]y daye m & m confirm$ 9 ! tru/ t ,i h ( y1 = beleeve me x is n 9 ! p[] ( any to make y suff] 9 my op9ion by ill ,(fices1 b ( ?is & diu]s o!r ?+s ,i h giv5 s full ,in/ructions t ,i w saye no m1 b t ,i am ,yor mo/ assur$ con/ant fre9d ,,*>les ,r4 ,ox=d #bf ,feb4 #afde4 ,,glamorgan ,i am glad to he>e t y are gone to ,irel& & assure yu t z my selfe is n[yse di%>t5$ by our late mis=tune s nei!r ?is ,c\ntry2 = ,i c\ld n h expect$ m f !m1 !n !ye h n[ freely und]tak5 ?\gh ,i _h come he!r absolute ,victori\s w* makes me hope well ( ye neighb\r+ ,%e]es4 ,s t 7by ye grace ( ,god7 ,i hope %ortly to recov] my late losse ) aduantage if su* succ\rs come to me f t ,k+dome w* ,i h reason to expect1 b ! circum/ance ( "t is t ( ! greate/ consequ5ce1 bee+ t :i* is *eeflie/ & e>ne/lie/ recomm5d$ y by ,y\r mo/ assur$ reall con/ant fre9d ,,*>les ,r4 ,h]e=d #bc ,june #afde4 ,,glamorgan ,i h no "t nor d y expect t ,i %\ld make unnecess>y repetitions to y :]e=e ref]r+ y to ,digby = bus9ess ?is is onlie to giue y assurance ( my con/ant fre9d%ip to y :i* consid]+ ! g5]all ,defection ( common hone/y is 9 a sorte requisite h[beit ,i kn[e yu _c be b confid5t ( my mak+ good all in/ructions & promises to y ,yr mo/ assur$ con/ant fre9d ,,*>les ,r4 ,ox=d #e ,aprile #afdf ,,h5riette ,,m>ie ,r ,n\s h5riette ,m>ie de b\rbon ,regne de la gr&e ,bretagne auons p> l'ordre du ,roy notre tres honor ,seigneur et ,m>y fait deliur] es ma9s de notre tres *] et bi5 am c\s9 ,ed\>d ,som]set ,comte et ,m>quis d ,worce/] un colli] de ,rubis cont5ant dix gros ,rubis et c5t soixante p]les en*asses et confiles en or entre les dits ,rubis comme aussy deux gros diamans l'un appell ,sancy et l'autre le ,portugal1 confessans qu'outre les tres gr&es dep5ses faites p> luy1 p\r le dit ,roy notre tres honore ,seigneur1 il n\s a encore f\rny trois c5s soixante et dix mil liures t\rnois outre les tres gr&s s]uices qu'a ce pres5t mesme il n\s fait qui sont au mo9s d'egale consequ5ce1 au reg>d de quoy n\s faisons scauoir que le dit colli] et ,diamans sont totalem5t p\r en dispos] p> luy soit p> u5te on engagem5t1 sans que n\s1 ou aucun en notre nom puisse en faire aucune dem&e1 ,re*]*] ou tr\bl] aucune p]sonne qui a*et]a ou pre/]a arg5t sur les dits ,joyaux cy dessus nommez en temoignage de quoy n\s auons ,sign et fait mettre notre ,sel ,royal a cette pres5te a notre ,c\r a ,/ ,g]ma9 en ,laye ce ,j\rdhuy #bj ,may mil six c5s qu>5te huiet4 ,l4 ,s4 7,! ,royal ,arms47 ,to ! ,k+es mo/ ,exel5t ,maitie ,! humble ,petition ( all ! ,deputy ,lieut5ants ,ju/ices ( ! ,peace ! ,knights ,burgises = ,p>liamt sett+ = ! ,c\ntie ( ,monm\? inde$e ( all ! ,g5try ,comonalty ,freeh\ld]s & o!r inhabit5ce )9 ! said ,c\ntie nem9e contradic5te b una voce mo/ humbly ,%ewe? ,t :]eas ye ,"r honble our v good ,"l ! n[ ,e>le & ,m>quisse ( ,worce/] aft] ab\t tw5ty ye>es abs5ce com=te? & hon\re? u w? 8 prs5ce to ye great sattisfaction ( all y\r ,majties mo/ loyall devoted subjects1 ,wee become mo/ humble petitionrs to y\r ,grati\s & mo/ sacr$ ,majtie t y wilbe pleas$ to incur$ge 8 ,exel5cy to make 8 *eife residance he]1 :i* by longe & suffiti5t exp]i5ce wee well "k w mu* conduce to y\r ,majties in!re/1 & s]uice1 & to ! good & great sattisfaction n onely ( ?is b ( all ye adjac5t ,c\nties1 8 ,lordsp hav+ always be5 a dis9t]e/$ ,gov]nor & fre9d to u all1 z mo/ espetially a mo/ fai?full zeal\se & p[]full promot] ( s]uices to ye ,cr[ne1 yett ) c>e & sweetnesse eu] %ew$ t[>ds y\r ,majties ,loyall subjects1 & n[ayes p>tiall to ^? ( 8 owne p]swation & religion1 :]e ev] 8 ,excel5cy ha? _h comm& look+ b vpon 8 k+s in!re/ & ye peoples ju/ifiable pret5tions nei!r c 8 greate/ enimies make appe>e ye lea/ pr(e to ye contr>y4 ,may itt !re=e please y\r mo/ ,excel5t ,majtie vpon ?is our mo/ humble petition suplycatg to ,joyne 8 ,lordspp ) 8 mo/ des]u+ sonne1 ! ,"l ,h]b]t1 9 ! ,liuet5ancie ( ?is ,c\ntie1 & wee e/eeme x wille soe f> f d]ogate+ f my ,"l 8 ,sonne :o we mu/ honr t x wilbe an aditon ( c\m=t & honr to 8 ,lordspp to h 8 bel\$ fa!r ,joyn$ ) him1 z 8 ,gr&fa!r 0 ) 8 ,fa!r ! ,"l ,privie ,seale1 t wise & /\t ,privie c\nsellor3 8 ,lordspps great gr&fa!r & pr$ecessor nei!r doe wee looke ) lesse awfullnesse & respect vpon our n[ ,"l ,m>quisse ( ,worce/]1 if he reside amongh/ u 9 a poore ,grange ( 8 !n :il/ he dwelt 9 8 mo/ sumptu\s ,ca/le ( ,ragl&1 l a ,pr9ce att5d$1 e/eeme+ 8 n[ p\]tie 9 respect ( 8 !n opulancie1 b z a badge ( ,loyaltie1 & z readilie & *e]fully %all wee obey 8 comm&s :o our h>ts att5d1 z mu* z !n1 if ,imp[]d by y\r ,grati\s ,majtie to bee our ,joynt ,"l ,lieut5ant :i* honr & p[] wee mo/ humbly begg may be aga9e conf]r$ ^u 8 ,excel5cy4 ,& wee %all eu] pray1 c4 ,may x please yr ,grace ,! obiections y[ 7 pleas$ to make aga9/ ! own+ & subscrib+ ye ,lett] to 8 ,matie 7 z ,i humbly conceaue yr ,graces resolution n to tr\ble ye ,k+ = any money bus9esse eu5 9 y\r owne behalfe mu* lesse 9 an o!rs1 & secondly t z = ,creations y _h absolutely promis$ 8 ,matie y w\ld n importune him aga9e1 to ! fur/ ,i answe>e t ?is is to save ! ,k+s ,c(firs1 s9ce c]ta9ely if ey!r honor or consci5ce %\ld take place 8 ,matie ought to saue me h>melesse f ! six ?\s& p\nd ,confe/ & pr\$ to be ye ,cr[nes ,debt1 soe happyly n[ vpon 8 ,head by y\r ,graces noe lesse prud5t & val]\s !n dutyfull endeau\rs ble/ by ,dev9e ,pr\id5ce neu] int5d+ ! ru9e ( 8 be/ des]u+ subiects1 & ye only promot+ ( 8 ribells1 :i* ! *ild unborne may rue if n timely preu5t$1 & z a wise ,privye-,c\nsillor yr ,graces "p is to m9de 8 ,matie soe (1 z n totally to di%>t5 ,i w n say disgu/ 8 good subiects well des>ue+ yet t z f> z loyalty & ,religion w giue !m leaue1 & ,i am sory 8 ,matie %\ld b$d a diew to workes ( sup]]gation & l\e 9 8 subiects & mo/ ,c]t9ely !y are n 8 be/ ,c\ncell]s :o aduise him to x1 & yr ,grace w be mo/ ,comm5dable 9 d\+ ! ,contr]y1 & at long runn+ ! ,k+ w l\e y be/ = x1 soe t ?is obiection ( yr ,grace ,i humbly conceave to be totally solu$4 ,z = ! seconde yr ,graces promise n to speake = any m ,creations be pleas$ to vnd]/& x rightly1 & y are noe motion] ( ?is1 y doe b lay be=e him my reasonable ,petition !re91 su* z inde$ my ,"l ,*ancellor 0 pleas$ to ?9ke soe fitt+ z he once vnd]took x = me1 & ,i am confid5t w ?anke yr ,grace = reuiu+ ( x & 9 my ,consci5ce soe w ye ,k+ too 9 graunt+ ( x1 = ,i _c haue soe meane a ?\ght ( 8 ,matie b t aga9/ ! hayre he ha? b9ne =c$ to bi/[ hon\re to ! highe/ degree ^u five memb] m5 & vpon ir? z subscrib$ to 8 fa!r ( happy memory 8 dea?1 & t he w ?9ke mut* to c\nt9ance him :o only assi/$ 8 late ,ma'ie to flye f !yr compulsion ( him to agree to su* acts z w\ld h lefet him selfe our n[ ,grati\s ,k+ ye sucessior ( a title ( a ,k+ ( ?ree ,k+doms b to ! sub/ance ( noe "o ( !m4 ,x 0 ,i furni%$ 8 ,matie ) money to goe 7to7 ,!obalds to goe to ,yorke :5 ! !n ,m>quis ( ,hambleton refus$ to pay ?ree hund]$ p\nd = 8 ,matie at ,!obalds only to deliu] him to ! ,p>liam5t1 z he _h donne ! ,e>le ( ,/raf=d1 & to 99 99 99 ! 99 99 99 ,p>liam5t1 ,x 0 ,i c>ri$ him money to sett vp 8 /&>d at ,yorke1 & procur$ my fa!r to giue ! !n sr ,john ,byron five ?\s& p\nd to rayse ! fir/ ,regim5t ( ,horse1 & kept a table = ab\e tw5ty ,(fic]s at ,yorke1 :i* ,i vnd]h& s5t !!r to keepe !m f take+ ,conditions f ye ,p>liam5t1 & soe 7 ready to accept 84 ,x 0 ,i vittl$ ! t[re ( ,london gaue fiue & tw5ty hundr$ p\nd to ye !n ,lieut5ant sr ,john ,byron my ,cos9 ,g]ma9 by my fir/ wifes side4 ,x 0 ,i rays$ mo/ ( ! ,m5ne at ,edgehill fight1 & aft] ,i 0 betray$ at :5 soe _m ,g5tlem5 ( ,quality 7 tak5 & ( tw5ty fiue ?\s& m5 fir/ la/ by me rays$ ,eight ?\s& m5 disp]ss$ by ! ,contriuance ( su* z call$ !mselues ye ,k+s good subiects1 & "s ( !m rew>d$ = x1 !y 7 my m5 weekely pay$ )\t take+ a f>?+ contribution because ! c\ntry tott]$1 :o tooke 9 ! =e/ ( ,deane1 ,goodr$ge ,ca/le1 ,monm\?1 ,*ep/[e1 ,c>lyon & ,c>diff f ye ,p>liam5t =ces1 9 w* & ye ,g>rison ( ,ragl& ,i c br+ pr(e ( ab\e an hund]$ & fifty ?\s& p\nds exp5d$1 & 9 ready ,money fir/ la/ to ye ,k+s owne ,purse ab\e z mu* m1 & ( ab\e ?irty five ?\s& ,p\nds ,receau$ by my fa!r & me ,comunely ,armes 9 =ty--=ty two--& =ty ?ree ,i h n n[ fiue & tw5ty hund]$ & t clogg$ well1 tw5ty ?\s& ,p\nds ,cry+ ,debts t keepe me n only f a compet5t ma9t5ance b eu5 f sleepe1 ,i speake n he>e ( ab\e ?ree hund]$ ?[s&s p\nds :i* x ha? co/ ye ,noblem5 ,knights & ,g5tlm5 :i* ridd 9 my ,life ,gu>de = !r comport+ !y make+ among/ !m ab\e ?ree-score ?\s& ,p[nds ye>ly ( ,l& ( inh]etance & ,i vpon my int]e/ ) seau5 ,c\ntys _h begune an ,engagem5t ( above ?ree hund]$ ?\s& ,p\nds ye>ly l& ( inhiretance aga9/ my returne ) m5 f beyonde ! sea 9 :i* endeau\rs my *>ges h be9e va/1 besides haz>d by sea eu5 ( %ipwracke & by ,l& ( deadly enc\nt]s1 ,i doe n tr\ble yr ,lop )1 b all ?is be+ true to a tittle z vpon my ^w & hon\r de>] to me !n my life ,i adv\*e x1 ,i _c d\bt b yr ,grace w call = a peane to signe ye ,lett]1 & if y please s5de ?is toge!r ) x1 & re/ assur$ t if ! ,k+ refuse my reque/ ,i w neu] importune y m1 nor eu] sett my foote into 8 ,maties ,c\rt aga9e vnlesse expressly com&$ by him = 8 s]uice1 o!rwise ,i w only he>tyly pray = him b neu] h]eaft] %all ,i or any fre9d ( m9e engage = him fur!r1 !n ye simple duty ( a ,loyall subiect sitt+ quiettly at home noe ways breake ! peace or disoby+ ! :olsom lawes ( ! l&1 & god se&e him bett] & m able subiects to se>ve 8 ,matie !n my selfe1 will+] ,i am sure he _c1 & ,i besee*e yr ,grace to p>don me if passion ha? a little transport$ me beyonde good mann]s1 & lay :at p5nance y please vpon me soe x t5de n to less5 yr ,graces beliefe t ,i am ,yr ,graces ,mo/ really deuot$ fre9d & s]uant ev] to obey y ,,worce/]4 ,dec4 #bi?1 #affe4 ,my de>e ,"l1 my he>t is yet full fr\ght$ & ,i c say mu* m = myselfe1 7 ,i n a%am$ ( giue+ yr ,grace soe great a tr\ble ) my scribl+1 :i* ,i w ?us ende1 promis+ to smoo!r z long z may be my deplorable condition1 & worse vsage1 b x w at la/ fly ou] ! :ole _w to ! di%e>t9+ ( all zel\s & ,loyall subiects1 vnlesse su* a true he>t$ ,engli%man & fa?ful s]uant z yr ,grace doe awak5 8 ,matie out ( ! leturgie my enimies h ca/ him n to be s5sible ( :at ,i h done or suff]$4 ,c>d9all ,maz>9e pres5t$ me to 8 ,k+1 ) ^! woords ,sr :o soeu] ha? ,loyalty or ,religion 9 recomm5dation mu/ hon\r ?is well ,borne ,p]son1 & ,que5e ,"m n[ ,d[ag] ha? (t5 sayd to h he>d h] husb& say t next to h] & 8 ,*ildr5 he wass b\nd to take a c>e ( me ( :om x may be n[ v]ifi$ qui iacet 9 t]ra non habet vnde cadet1 ,i am ca/ to ! ,gr\nd ,i c fall noe l[]4#f #f ,! above ,lett]1 z appe>s by ! envelope1 0 direct$ to 8 ,grace ! ,duke ( ,alb]m>le4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to ! ,k+s mo/ ,excell5t ,maje/y1 ,! mo/ humble ,petition ( ,edw>d ,m>quis ( ,worce/]4 ,%ewe? ,t yor petition] ov]:elm$ ) ! v1 v mu* he ha? to say1 fe>efull too long to deta9e yr sacr$ ,maty !re) f ! m s]i\s affaires humbly praye? t y wilbe pleas$ to ref] him to be he>d by ! ,"l high ,*ancellor ( ,engl&1 ,! ,"l privie seale1 ,! ,duke ( ,almerle1 ! ,e>le ( ,lo!rdale1 ! ,"l ,arl+ton1 ! ,"l ,a%ley1 & ,mr4 ,secret>y ,morris1 or to su* ( !m1 or o!r p]sons1 z yor ,maty %all ?9ke fitt1 & t vppon _! ,report yor ,maty w v\*safe to doe ) yor petition]1 or to yor petition]1 :at !y 9 ! petition]s behalfe1 & congru\s to yor s]vice %all f9de reasonable1 & consonant ) yor petition]s m]itts or dem]itts1 ! petition] mo/ intirely submitt+ to y\r w & pleasure1 ,ca/+ himselfe vppon yor ,matyes goodnesse1 noe wayes /&+ vppon 8 des]ts1 ?\gh really f\nd nev] soe _m n ?\ght (1 or he!rto kept f yor ,matyes k1 y\r petir do? n say ?r\gh envy or malice1 s9ce p]haps ?r\gh ignorance su* ignorance not)/&+ z ! div9es call ignorantia crassa1 b :atsoev] 9 quality or numb]1 8 s]vices 71 !y 7 b due to su* a grati\s ,k+ & ,ma/] z yor ,matyes ,fa!r ( happy memory 0 to yor petition]1 & to yor incomp>able selfe1 & !re=e ackn[l$ge? !y fall f>r %orte ( 8 true loyalty & devotion to ei!r & be+ once rightly made kn[ne & prs5t$ to yor sacr$ ,maie/y yor petition] promise? himselfe noe lesse inc\ragem5t = ! future f y\r ,maty nor lesse abilities 9 himselfe to become z useful z =m]ly1 & z dis9t]res$ly to s]ve y1 ,nei!r %all any ?+ = ! future dismaye1 or 9 any k9de det]r1 y\r petition]1 f t 8 resolution1 b f ! bottome ( 8 he>t ,he %all ev] pray1 c4 ,,worce/]4 ,att ye ,c\rt att ,hampton ,c\rt ,jan4 #bi? #afff4 ,8 ,maty is graci\sly pleas$ to ref]r & recomend ! ,peticn] to bee he>d by ! )9 nam$ ,lords ,ref]rees or to any f[] or m ( !m1 & !y to give _! ,report to 8 ,maty z soon z conv5i5tly may bee4 ,,arl+ton4 ,,maddam ,i did n ?9ke ,i %\ld h _h ! occation to h tr\bl$ y ) an o!r ,lett] b ,i am soe little sattisfy$ ) y\rs 9 :at ,i requir$ consc]n+e my monyes t ,i _c ?9ke a survil\s pap] an equal ballance = soe waighty & iu/ a debt3 ,i confesse ,i h h>d ( a new way to pay ould debts b c]ta9ly ?is is ! newe/1 ,i belieue y\r ,ladi%ip is "o ( ! fir/ t eu] tryd x3 itt may bee al a mode1 b truely ,i doe n l ! fa%ion1 ?\gh itt may bee o!rs doe3 ,to answ>e y\r ,lett]1 fir/ = y\r ,religion ,i m$le n ) itt ,x consc]ns n mee2 if ,i h1 c]ta9ely ,i h done r an honr to itt !n an iniury3 = ,i belieu'd soe well ( y\r ,religion t itt t\ght noe man to di/roy 8 fai?1 ,honr1 & ,*ri/ianety2 :i* my ,"l ha? done 9 8 engagem5t to mee ,i onely speake ( him--,i pray y ,maddam lett mee aske1 :at is honr if brok58 tis easely answ>$ noe honr1 :at is itt to pret5d a fai? 9 ,jesus ,*ri/1 to be call'd a ,*ri/ian1 & to breake t fai?1 & likewise =fitt t ,*ri/ianety1 he's noe ,*ri/ian & :]eas y say ,i wronge ! memory ( ! late ,k+e 7,i "k n ^u :at gr\nds7 ,maddam y doe mee wronge1 ,i s]ve ! memory ( t ,royall ,m>tyr1 equall to any hee t lives3 ,i pray y did 8 ,matie eu] engage 8 fai?1 honr1 & ,*ri/ianety1 to pay any debts1 :]e 9 he fail'd2 ,maddam vnd] fau\r ,i mu/ say y doe 8 incomp>able a%es iniury4 ,y likewise tell mee noe gallant pe>son wilbeleiue b t my ,"l w pay mee :5 hee ha? itt1 tis a l>ge ext5t1 & = ought ,i "k may rea* to ,dooms day2 tis small sattisfaction to expect a c]ta9e debt att su* an vnc]ta9e paym5t4 ,maddam y haue ! priuel$ge ( a ,woeman 9 speak+e ( my ,loyalty1 noe man c1 nor d>e tax itt1 = my publi%+e any ?+e t consc]nes y\r ,"l1 tis 8 owne actions t cause? mee to report ^? tru?s3 ,y say my ,"l ha? sp5t m 9 8 ,maties s]uice ?an any ,prote/ant1 ,i d>e say !re has be9e t5 ?\s& loyall fai?full ,prote/ants ha? sp5t z mu*3 :]e ( ,i am "o1 = wee h sp5t1 & lo/ all wee _h to our proportions1 tis z mu* z hee 7! wid[es mite w make itt good7 & 9 soe do+e wee did b our dutyes1 & wee ought n to obraide ! ,k+ ) itt1 tis vnh&some to expect ,sall]y = a lawfull duty4 ,y\r ,lady%ip sai? t ,i report$ my ,"l gaue mee c\nt]fitt plates1 ,i confesse hee gaue mee "s plates1 & =c$ !m ^u mee1 hee likewise borr[$ !m ( mee aga9e1 resolu+e to returne !m )9 too dayes1 b he ha? n re/or$ !m to ?is day1 ,i he>e s9ce t my ,"l ha? s\ld !m3 ,i hope hee w confesse t noe man ( ,honr did eu] su* an action be=e1 all?\gh he 0 ready to />ue1 & = 8 giu+e mee false plate1 ,i mu/ d5y itt = ,i neu] said itt1 b ?is ,i did say1 t :5 ,i 0 at 8 ,lordsp's h\se he %[$ mee "s plates1 t 0 n ! same t hee _h =m]ly giu5 mee = ! fir/ 0 beat51 & ! latt] 0 ca/1 if t 0 c\nt]fitt1 ,i sayd itt1 & t ile iu/ify4 = y\r friuol\s pap]1 ,i d>e say y\r reconcil'd iudgm5t do? rep5t ! s5d+e ( itt1 ,i h %ew$ x to diu]s ( y\r religion1 & !y condemne y = itt1 likewise ! pap]1 nor c ! ,k+e ( ,engl&e giue y ?anks = itt4 ,b 8 royall ,"m be+e a ,roman ,ca?olique1 my honr & admiration ( h] do? sil5ce my p5n 9 answ]+e t sc&al\s pap]4 ,y\r ,ladi%ips humble ,s]vant ,,ri*4 ,,ha/+s4 ,p>is ,ape #c ,direct$1 ,=r ! ,"r ,honble ! ,m>*ioness ( ,worce/] ^! humbly ,jesus ,mia ,septemb] #f #afgj ,,noble ,,madam-- ,! ,grace ( ! ,holy-gho/ be ) y4 ,! great e/eeme & hon\r w* ,i h eu] _h = y\r ,ladysp ha? all waise made mee prompt & will+ to s]ve y to ! be/ ( my p[]1 )\t ! bias ( selfe int]e/1 z y\r selfe c witnesse2 ,& because ,i fe>e t at pres5t1 y\r ,hon\r ha? noe "o1 t 9 ! greate conc]nes1 :i* y h 9 h&1 w tell y ! tru?1 z x (t5 happ5s to p]sons ( greate quality3 ,i h ?\ght x ! "p ( my ,prie/ly function1 & fidelity t[>ds yor ,hor3 7have+ fir/ 9 my poore pray]s1 humbly comm5d$ x to ,alm3 ,god7 to repres5t unto y1 t w* all y\r fri5ds "k to bee true1 z well z myselfe1 & w\ld be will+ t y\r ,ladysp %\ld "k x likewise4 ,alm3 ,god ha? ,madam put y into a happy1 & fl\ri%+ condition1 fitt & able to s]ue ,god1 & to doe mu* good to y\r selfe & o!rs2 & y\r ,ladysp makes y\rselfe unhappy1 by seem+ n to be cont5t$ ) y\r condition b tr\bl+ y\r spiritts ) _m ?\ghts ( attayn+ to great] dignityes & ri*es4 ,madam all ^? t wi% y well1 are greeu$ to see y\r ,ladysp to bee allready soe mu* di/urb$ weak5$ 9 y\r iudgm5t 9 dang] to loose ! "r use ( y\r reason1 if y doe n tymely endeau\r to preu5t x1 by ceas+ to goe on ) su* high designes1 z y are vppon1 :i* ,i decl>e to y1 9 ! fai? ( a ,prie/ to bee true3 ,! cause ( y\r pres5t di/emp]1 & ( ! a=esayd dang]1 is d\btlesse1 t y\r ?\ghts & imag9ation are v mu* fix$ on ! title ( ,plantag5et1 & ( dispos+ y\rselfe = t greate dignity by gett+ ( greate sums ( money f ! k+1 to pay y\r deceas$ ,lords debts1 & enri*+ y\r selfe by ! great ,ma*9e & ! l4 ,n[ ,madam h[ vnprop] su* und]tak+s are = y\r ,l4 & h[ vnpossible = y to effect !m1 or any "o ( !m1 all y\r fri5ds c tell y if !y please to discov] ! true? to y4 ,! ill effects t fl[ f h5ce are _m3 z ! dang] ( loose+ y\r heal? & iudgm5t by su* viol5t application ( y\r fancies 9 su* high designes & ambiti\s desires2 ! probability ( (f5d+ ,alm3 ,god & preiudis+ y\r owne s\le !reby3 ! advantage y may !reby give to ^? :o desire to make a prey ( y\r =tune1 & to rayse !mselves by ru9+ ( y3 ! sp5d+ greate sums ( money 9 ri* & sumptu\s ?+s w* are n suteable to ! gravity ( y\r ,ladysp & pres5t condition ( ,widd[-hoode & m\rn+ = y\r deceas$ ,"l4 ,al?\gh x bee c]t9e1 t x is a greate temptation :i* y are n[ vnd]1 & v dang]\s & hurtfull bo? to y\r temporall & et]nall happynesse2 yet ,i confesse t ! ,devil1 to make 8 sugge/ion ! m preual5t1 do? make vse ( "s motives t seeme plausible1 z ( pay+ y\r ,lords debts1 ( f\nd+ ( mona/]ys1 & ! l1 & t y\r ,ladysp ha? ! ,k+s fav\r to c>ry on y\r designes4 ,b ,madam x is c]t9e t ! ,k+ is (f5d$ ) y\r come+ to ! ,c\rt1 & mu* m ) y\r pret5tion to ! title ( ,plantag9et2 & x is dang]\s to provoke him any f>!r3 ,& = pay+ ( ,debts & f\nd+ ( ,mona/]yes1 wee all "k t y\r ,l4 c neu] bee 9 a bett] condition to doe x1 ?an n[ y are2 & z y are n b\nd to doe su* ?+s1 s !y are n expect$ f y2 b wee all applaud y\r pi\s incl9ations h]e91 ( w* y w n loose ! m]it ) ,alm3 ,god b our appreh5sions are1 lea/ y %\ld by y\r ,ladysps inord9ate designes br+ y\r selfe into su* a condition1 z n to bee able to helpe y\r fri5ds nor y\r selfe4 ,bee pleas$ ,madam n[ to give mee leave to sugge/ "s waie h[ ! approa*+ dang]s may bee prev5t$1 by *ang+ ! objects ( y\r affections1 & in/e$e ( temporall1 to seeke aft] et]nall ri*es1 & honors1 :i* y\r age do? assure y are n f> (f2 = w* y may dispose y\rselfe1 be=e dea? comes1 by retir+ into ! c\ntrey = "s "t1 f ! di/ractions ( ! ,c\rt1 :]e y may haue ! advice & directions ( "s le>n$ ,prie/1 9 ^: v]tue y may :oley confide1 & bee guid$ by him1 = y\r int]nall quiet security4 ,_m places may soone be f\nd out1 t are fitt = t purpose3 ,at ,hamm]smi? ,mrs4 ,b$+field a v v]tu\s discreete p]son1 & ( y\r ,ladysps acqua9tance1 ha? lately tak5 a faire h\se g>d51 ha? b a small family4 ,9 "s su* place y\r ,hor might likewise haue ! aduice ( "s well exp]i5c$ ,doctor1 = ! heal? ( y\r p]son1 & ! b5efitt ( good ayre & ( quietnesse1 w\ld mu* conduce to y\r heal?3 ,& soe by ,alm4 ,gods bless+1 y may rec\] f t mo/ p]nici\s di/emp] ( bodey & m9d1 vnto w* e "o seese y to bee v ne]e appro*+1 & may live _m ye>es ) y\r owne =tune dignity 9 greate hon\r & happynesse bee ! au?or ( _m good workes ( piety ,*>ity to ! glory ( ,god et]nall saluation ( y\r owne s\le4 ,?us de> ,madam ,i h v5tur$ to decl>e a great true? to y1 w* 0 be=e a secrett only to y\r selfe4 ,i "k t ,i run ! haz]d ( incurr+ y\r displeasure1 if y\r ,ladysp %\ld n reade ! c&or ( my int5tions1 w* 9 my ,lett] ,i int5d t[>ds y3 b my assurance ( have+ h]e9 p]=m$ a duty w* ,i owe to my ,god1 & ! hope ,i h t y w take x well z ,i int5d x1 h enc\rag$ mee to doe x1 & to subscribe myselfe ,honor$ ,madam ,y\r humb4 ,s]4 9 ,c4 ,j4 ,,walt4 ,,trav]s4 ,! ,"l ,m>quesse ( ,worce/]'s ejaculatory & extempor>y ?anksgiv+ ,pray]1 :5 fir/ ) 8 corporal eyes1 he did see f9i%$ a p]fect trial ( 8 ,wat]-comm&+ ,eng9e1 delightful & useful to :omsoev] ha? 9 recomm5dation ei!r k1 pr(it1 or pleasure4 ,oh6 inf9itely omnipot5t ,god6 ^: m]cies are fa?omlesse1 & ^: k is imm5se1 & inexhau/ible2 next to my creation & r$emption ,i r5d] !e mo/ humble ?anks f ! v bottom ( my he>t & b[els1 = ?y v\*saf+ me1 7! meane/ 9 und]/&+17 an insight 9 soe great a secret ( nature1 b5efic5t to all mank9d1 z ?is my wat] comm&+ eng9e4 ,suff] me n to be puff$ upp1 ,o ,"l1 by ! kn[+ ( x1 & _m m r>e & unhe>d (f1 yea unp>allel$ inv5tions1 tryals1 & exp]im5ts4--,b humble my haughty he>t1 by ! true k ( myne own ignorant1 weake1 & unwor?y nature3 proane to all euill1 ,o mo/ m]cifull ,fa!r my creator1 mo/ compassionatt+ ,sonne my r$eem]1 & ,holye/ ( ,spiritts1 ! sanctifi]1 ?ree diu9e p]sons1 & "o ,god1 grant me a fur!r concurr+ grace ) =titude to take h\ld ( ?y goodnesse1 to ! end t :atev] ,i doe1 unanim\sly & c\rage\sly to s]ve my k+ & c\ntry1 to disabuse1 rectifie1 & conv]t my vndes]v$1 yet wilfully incr$ul\s enemyes1 to reimburse ?ankfully my cr$itors1 to reimmun]ate my b5efactors1 to re9he>t5 my di/ress$ family1 & ) complac5ce to gratifie my suff]+ & confid+ fri5ds1 may1 voyde ( vanity or selfe ends1 be only direct$ to ?y hon\r & glory ev]la/+ly4 ,am54 ,a ,,c5tury ,,( ,,! ,,names ,,& ,,scantl+s ,,( ,,su* ,,inv5tions1 ,z at pres5t ,i c call to m9d to h tri$ & p]fect$1 :i* 7my =m] ,notes be+ lo/7 ,i h1 at ! in/ance ( a p[]ful ,fri5d1 endeav\r$ n[ 9 ! ,ye> #afee1 to set ^! d[n 9 su* a way1 z may suffici5tly in/ruct me to put any ( !m 9 practice4 ----,artis et ,natur proles4 ,,to ,,! ,,k+',s ,,mo/ ,,excell5t ,,maje/y4 ,,sir1 ,scire meum nihil e/1 nisi me scire hoc sciat alt]1 sai? ! poet1 & ,i mo/ ju/ly 9 ord] to y\r ,maje/y1 ^: satisfaction is my happ9ess1 & :om to s]ve is my only aim1 plac+ !re9 my summum bonum 9 ?is _w3 be !re=e pleas$ to ca/ y\r graci\s eye ov] ?is summ>y collection1 & !n to pick & *oose4 ,i confess1 ,i made x b = ! sup]ficial satisfaction ( a fri5d's curiosity1 accord+ z x is set d[n2 & if x might n[ s]ve to give aim to y\r ,maje/y h[ to make use ( my poor endeav\rs1 x w\ld cr[n my ?\ghts1 :o am nei!r covet\s nor ambiti\s1 b ( des]v+ y\r ,maje/y's fav\r1 ^u my own co/ & *>ges1 yet1 accord+ to ! old ,engli% prov]b1 ,x is a poor dog n wor? :i/l+ aft]4 ,let b y\r ,maje/y approve1 & ,i w effectually p]=m to ! height ( my und]tak+3 v\*safe b to comm&1 & ) my life & =tune ,i %all *e]fully obey1 & maugre envy1 ignorance & malice1 ev] appe> ,y\r ,maje/y's ,passionately-devot$1 or o!rwise dis9t]e/$ ,subject & ,s]vant1 ,,worce/]4 ,,to ,,! ,,"r ,,hon\rable ,,! ,,lords ,,spiritual ,,& ,,temporal2 ,,& ,,to ,,! ,,knights1 ,,citiz5s1 ,,& ,,burgesses ,,( ,,! ,,hon\rable ,,h\se ,,( ,,commons3 ,,n[ ,,assembl$ ,,9 ,,p>liam5t4 ,,my ,,lords ,,& ,,g5tlem51 ,be n />tl$ if ,i address to all1 & e ( y1 ?is ,c5tury ( ,summ>y ,heads ( ,wond]ful ,?+s1 ev5 aft] ! d$ication ( !m to 8 mo/ excell5t ,maje/y1 s9ce x is ) 8 mo/ graci\s & p>ticul> cons5t1 z well z inde$ no ways d]ogat+ f my duty to 8 sacr$ self1 b r 9 fur!r ord] unto x1 s9ce y\r ,lord%ips1 :o are 8 great ,c\ncil1 & y1 ,g5tlem51 8 :ole k+dom's ,repres5tatives 7mo/ wor?ily welcome unto him7 may fitly receive into y\r wise & s]i\s consid]ations1 :at do? or may publicly conc]n bo? 8 ,maje/y & 8 t5d]ly-belov$ p4 ,p>don me1 if ,i say1 7my ,lords & ,g5tlem57 t x is jo9tly y\r p>ts to dige/ to 8 h&1 ^! ensu+ p>ticul>s1 fitt+ !m to 8 palate1 & ord]+ h[ to r$uce !m into practice1 9 a way useful & b5eficial1 bo? to 8 ,maje/y & 8 k+dom4 ,nei!r d ,i e/eem x less prop] = me to pres5t !m to y 9 ord] to 8 ,maje/y's s]vice1 ?an x is to give into ! h&s ( a fai?ful & provid5t /ew>d1 :atsoev] da9ties & provisions are int5d$ = ! ma/]'s diet2 ! kn[+ & fai?ful /ew>d be+ be/ able to make use !re( to 8 ma/]'s cont5tm5t1 & greate/ pr(it1 keep+ = ! morr[ :atev] %\ld be ov]plus or ne$less = ! pres5t day1 or at lea/ to save some?+ else 9 lieu !re(4 ,9 a ^w1 7my ,lords & ,g5tlem517 ,i humbly conceive1 ?is simile n improp]1 s9ce y are 8 ,maje/y's provid5t /ew>ds1 into ^: h&s ,i commit myself1 ) all prop]ties fit to obey y2 t is to say1 ) a he>t h>b\r+ no ambition1 b an endless aim to s]ve my ,k+ & ,c\ntry3 & if my endeav\rs prove effectual1 7z ,i am confid5t !y w17 8 ,maje/y %all n only become ri*1 b 8 p likewise1 z treasur]s unto him2 & 8 pe]less ,maje/y1 our ,k+1 %all become bo? belov$ at home1 & fe>$ abroad2 deem+ ! ri*es ( a ,k+ to consi/ 9 ! pl5ty enjoy$ by 8 p4 ,& ! way to r5d] him to be fe>$ abroad1 is to cont5t 8 p at home1 :o !n ) he>t & h& are ready to assi/ him2 & :atsoev] ,god blesse? me ) to contribute t[>ds ! increase ( 8 rev5ues1 9 any consid]able way1 ,i desire x may be imploy$ to ! use ( 8 p2 t is1 = ! tak+ (f su* taxes or bur!ns f !m z !y *iefly groan "u1 & by a tempor>y necessity only impos$ on !m2 :i* be+ ?us suppli$1 w c]ta9ly be/ cont5t ! ,k+1 & satisfy 8 p2 :i*1 ,i d>e say1 is ! cont9ual t5d ( all y\r indefatigable pa9s1 & ! p]fect demon/rations ( y\r zeal to 8 ,maje/y1 & an evid5ce t ! k+dom's tru/ is ju/ly & des]v$ly repos$ 9 y4 ,& if ev] ,p>liam5t acquitt$ !mselves !re(1 x is ?is ( y\rs1 compos$ ( mo/ des]v+ & qualifi$ p]sons2 qualifi$1 ,i say1 ) y\r affection to y\r ,pr9ce1 & ) a t5d]ness to 8 p2 ) a b\ntiful he>t t[>ds him1 yet a frugality 9 _! behalfs4 ,g on !re=e *e>fully 7my ,lords & ,g5tlem57 & n only our graci\s ,k+1 b ! ,k+ ( ,k+s w rew>d y1 ! pray]s ( ! p w att5d y1 & 8 ,maje/y w ) ?ankful arms embrace y4 ,& be pleas$ to make use ( me & my endeav\rs to enri* !m1 n myself2 su* be+ my only reque/ unto y1 sp>e me n 9 :at y\r wisdoms %all f9d me useful1 :o d e/eem myself n only by ! act ( ! ,wat]-comm&+ ,eng9e 7:i* s *e>fully y h pa/7 suffici5tly rew>d$1 b likewise ) c\rage enabl$ to d t5 times m = ! future2 & my debts be+ paid1 & a compet5cy to live accord+ to my bir? & quality settl$1 ! re/ %all ,i d$icate to ! s]vice ( our ,k+ & ,c\ntry by y\r disposals3 & e/eem me n ! m1 or r any m1 by :at is pa/1 b :at's to come2 pr(ess+ really f my he>t1 t my int5tions are to outgo ! six or sev5 hundr$ ?\s& p\nds already sacrific$1 if c\nt5anc$ & enc\rag$ by y1 +5u\sly confess+1 t ! melan*oly :i* ha? lately seiz$ ^u me 7! cause :]e( none ( y b may easily guess7 ha?1 ,i d>e say1 ret>d$ m advantages to ! public s]vice ?an mode/y w p]mit me to utt]3 & n[1 reviv$ by y\r promis+ fav\rs1 ,i %all infallibly be enabl$ !reunto 9 ! exp]im5ts extant1 & compris$ "u ^! heads1 practicable ) my directions by ! unp>allel$ workman bo? = tru/ & skill1 ,casp> ,kalt(f's h&1 :o ha? be5 ^! five & ?irty ye>s z 9 a s*ool "u me employ$1 & /ill at my disposal1 9 a place by my great exp5ces made fit = public s]vice1 yet lately l to be tak5 f me1 & consequ5tly f ! s]vice ( ,k+ & k+dom1 )\t ! lea/ reg>d ( above t5 ?\s& p\nds exp5d$ by me1 & ?r\gh my zeal to ! common good2 my zeal1 ,i say1 a field l>ge en\gh = y 7my ,lords & ,g5tlem57 to "w ^u4 ,! treasures buri$ "u ^! heads1 bo? = w>1 peace1 & pleasure1 be+ inexhau/ible2 ,i besee* y p>don me if ,i say s2 x seems a vanity1 b compreh5ds a tru?2 s9ce no good spr+ b becomes ! m pl5tiful by h[ mu* m x is drawn2 & ! sp9n] to weave 8 web is nev] /9t$1 b fur!r in=c$4 ,! m !n t y %all be pleas$ to make use ( my ,inv5tions1 ! m inv5tive %all y ev] f9d me1 "o inv5tion begett+ /ill ano!r1 & m & m improv+ my ability to s]ve my ,k+ & y2 & z to my he>t9ess !re9 !re ne$s no addition1 nor to my read9ess a spur4 ,& !re=e 7my ,lords & ,g5tlem57 be pleas$ to beg91 & desi/ n f comm&+ me1 till ,i flag 9 my ob$i5ce & endeav\rs to s]ve my ,k+ & ,c\ntry3 ,= c]ta9ly y'l f9d me brea?less fir/ t'expire1 ,be=e my h&s gr[ we>y1 or my legs d tire4 ,yet ab/ract+ f any int]e/ ( my own1 b z a fell[-subject & compatriot w ,i ev] lab\r 9 ! v9ey>d1 mo/ he>tily & readily obey+ ! lea/ summons f y1 by putt+ fai?fully 9 execution1 :at y\r judgm5ts %all ?9k fit to pit* ^u among/ ?is ,c5tury ( ,exp]im5ts1 p]haps de>ly pur*as$ by me1 b n[ frankly & gratis (f]$ to y4 ,s9ce my he>t 7me?9ks7 _c be satisfi$ 9 s]v+ my ,k+ & ,c\ntry1 if x %\ld co/ !m any ?+3 z ,i confess :5 ,i _h ! hon\r to be ne> s oblig+ a ma/] z 8 late ,maje/y ( happy memory1 :o nev] refus$ me 8 e> to any reasonable motion3 & z = unreasonable ones1 or su* z 7 n fitt+ = him to grant1 ,i w\ld r to h di$ a ?\s& dea?s1 ?an ev] to h made any "o unto him4 ,yet :atev] ,i 0 s happy z to obta9 = any des]v+ p]son1 my pa9s1 brea? & int]e/ imploy$ !re9 satisfi$ me n1 unless ,i likewise satisfi$ ! fees2 b t 0 9 my gold5 age4 ,& ev5 n[1 ?\gh my ability & means are %ort5$1 ! _w kn[s :y my he>t rema9s /ill ! same2 & be y pleas$ 7my ,lords & ,g5tlem57 to re/ mo/ assur$1 t ! v complac5cy t ,i %all take 9 ! execut+ y\r comm&s1 %all be unto me a suffici5t & an abundantly-satisfactory rew>d4 ,v\*safe !re=e to dispose freely ( me1 & :atev] lie? 9 my p[] to p]=m2 fir/1 9 ord] to 8 ,maje/y's s]vice2 secondly1 = ! good & advantage ( ! ,k+dom2 ?irdly1 to all y\r satisfactions1 = p>ticul> pr(it & pleasure to y\r individual selves1 pr(ess+ t 9 all & ea* ( ! ?ree respects ,i w ev] demean myself z x be/ becomes1 ,my ,lords & ,g5tlem51 ,y\r mo/ passionately b5t fell[ subject 9 8 ,maje/y's s]vice1 com-patriot = ! public good & advantage1 & a mo/ humble ,s]vant to all & e ( y1 ,,worce/]4 ,,cont5ts4 ,no4 ,page4 #a4 ,seals abundantly significant #a #b4 ,private & p>ticul> to ea* ,own] #e #c4 ,a "o l9e ,cyph] ib4 #d4 ,r$uc$ to a ,po9t #g #e4 ,v>i$ significantly to all ! #bd ,lett]s #h #f4 ,a mute & p]fect ,disc\rse by ,col\rs #i #g4 ,to hold ! same by ,night ib4 #h4 ,to level ,cannons by ,night #ab #i4 ,a ,%ip-de/roy+ ,eng9e ib4 #aj4 ,h[ to be fa/5$ f alo( & "u ,wat] #ac #aa4 ,h[ to prev5t bo? #ad #ab4 ,an uns9kable ,%ip ib4 #ac4 ,false de/roy+ ,decks #ae #ad4 ,multipli$ ,/r5g? 9 little ,room #af #ae4 ,a ,boat driv+ aga9/ ,w9d & ,tide ib4 #af4 ,a ,sea-sail+ ,=t #ag #ag4 ,a pleasant float+ ,g>d5 #ah #ah4 ,an ,h\r-glass ,f\nta9 #bj #ai4 ,a ,coa*-sav+ ,eng9e #ba #bj4 ,a ,balance ,wat]-"w #bb #ba4 ,a ,bucket ,f\nta9 #bc #bb4 ,an ebb+ & fl[+ ,riv] #bd #bc4 ,an ebb+ & fl[+ ,ca/le ,clock #be #bd4 ,a ,/r5g?-increas+ ,spr+ #bf #be4 ,a d\ble draw+ ,eng9e = ,weights #bg #bf4 ,a to & fro ,lev] ib4 #bg4 ,a mo/ easy level ,draught #bh #bh4 ,a portable ,bridge ib4 #bi4 ,a moveable ,=tification #bi #cj4 ,a ris+ ,bulw>k #cj #ca4 ,an approa*+ ,bl9d #ca #cb4 ,an univ]sal ,"* #cb #cc4 ,a ,ne$le ,alphabet #ch #cd4 ,a knott$ ,/r+ ,alphabet ib4 #ce4 ,a ,fr+e ,alphabet #dj #cf4 ,a ,bracelet ,alphabet ib4 #cg4 ,a p9k$ ,glove ,alphabet #dj #ch4 ,a ,sieve ,alphabet #da #ci4 ,a ,lan?orn ,alphabet ib4 #dj4 ,an ,alphabet by ! ,smell ib4 #da4 ,ditto ,ta/e ib4 #db4 ,ditto ,t\* #db #dc4 ,a v>iation ( all & ea* ( ^! #dc #dd4 ,a ,key-,pi/ol ib4 #de4 ,a mo/ conceit$ ,t9d]-box #dd #df4 ,an artificial ,bird #de #dg4 ,an ,h\r ,wat] ,ball ib4 #dh4 ,a screw$ asc5t ( ,/airs #df #di4 ,a ,tobacco-tongs eng9e #dh #ej4 ,a ,pocket-ladd] #dh #ea4 ,a ,rule ( ,gradation #di #eb4 ,a my/ical jangl+ ( ,bells ib4 #ec4 ,an holl[+ ( a ,wat] ,screw #ea #ed4 ,a transp>5t ,wat] ,screw ib4 #ee4 ,a d\ble ,wat] ,screw #eb #ef4 ,an advantage\s *ange ( ,c5tres #ec #eg4 ,a con/ant ,wat]-fl[+ & ebb+ motion #ee #eh4 ,an (t5 dis*>g+ ,pi/ol #eg #ei4 ,an especial way = ,c>ab9es #eh #fj4 ,a ,flask ,*>g] ib4 #fa4 ,a way = ,musquets #ei #fb4 ,a way = a ,h>quebus1 a ,crock ib4 #fc4 ,= ,sak]s & ,m9yons ib4 #fd4 ,= ! bigge/ ,cannon #fj #fe4 ,= a :ole side ( ,%ip-musquets ib4 #ff4 ,= gu>d+ sev]al ,av5ues to a ,t[n #fa #fg4 ,= ,musquetoons on ,horseback #fb #fh4 ,a ,fire ,wat] "w ib4 #fi4 ,a triangle ,key #fd #gj4 ,a ,rose ,key #fe #ga4 ,a squ>e ,key ) a turn+ ,screw ib4 #gb4 ,an ,escut*eon = all ,locks ib4 #gc4 ,a transmittible ,gall]y #fg #gd4 ,a conceit$ ,door #fh #ge4 ,a ,disc\rse wov5 on ,tape or ,ribbon ib4 #gf4 ,to write 9 ! d>k #fi #gg4 ,a fly+ ,man #fi #gh4 ,a cont9ually go+ ,wat* #gf #gi4 ,a total lock+ ( ,cab9et ,boxes #gg #hj4 ,light ,pi/ol ,b>rels #gh #ha4 ,a ,comb conveyance = ,lett]s ib4 #hb4 ,a ,knife1 ,spoon1 or ,=k conveyance #gi #hc4 ,a ,rasp+ ,mill ib4 #hd4 ,an ,ari?metical ,in/rum5t ib4 #he4 ,an untoo?some ,pe> #hj #hf4 ,an imprison+ ,*air #ha #hg4 ,a ,c&le ,m\ld #hb #hh4 ,a ,co9+ ,eng9e #hd #hh4 ,a ,braz5 ,head #he #hi4 ,prim]o ,gloves #hi #ij4 ,a ,dic+ ,box ib4 #ia4 ,an artificial ,r+-horse #ij #ib4 ,a ,gravel ,eng9e #ic #ic4 ,a ,%ip rais+ ,eng9e #id #id4 ,a pocket ,eng9e to op5 any ,door #ie #ie4 ,a d\ble ,cross ,b[ ib4 #if4 ,a way = ,sea ,banks #if #ig4 ,a p]spective ,in/rum5t #ih #ih4 ,a semi-omnipot5t ,eng9e #ii #ii4 ,a mo/ admirable way to raise ,weights ib4 #ajj4 ,a /up5d\s ,wat]-"w #ajj ,,! ,,m>quis ,,( ,,worce/]',s ,,c5tury ,,( ,,inv5tions1 ,,expla9$ ,,& ,,illu/rat$4 ,no4 ,i4 ,sev]al sorts ( seals1 "s %[+ by screws1 o!rs by gauges1 fa/5+ or unfa/5+ all ! m>ks at once3 o!rs1 by additional po9ts & imag9>y places1 proportionable to ord9>y escut*eons & seals at arms1 ea* way palpably & punctually sett+ d[n 7yet private f all o!rs1 b ! own]1 & by 8 ass5t7 ! day ( ! mon?1 ! day ( ! week1 ! mon? ( ! ye>1 ! ye> ( our ,"l1 ! names ( ! witnesses1 & ! individual place :]e any ?+ 0 seal$1 ?\gh 9 t5 ?\s& sev]al places1 toge!r ) ! v numb] ( l9es conta9$ 9 a contract1 :]eby falsification may be discov]$1 & manife/ly prov$1 be+ ^u good gr\nds suspect$4 ,^u any ( ^! seals a man may keep acc\nts ( receipts & disbursem5ts1 f "o f>?+ to an hundr$ millions1 punctually %[+ ea* p\nd1 %ill+1 p5ny1 or f>?+4 ,by ^! seals1 likewise1 any lett]1 ?\gh writt5 b 9 ,engli%1 may be read & und]/ood 9 eight sev]al languages2 & 9 ,engli% itself1 to cle> contr>y & diff]5t s5se1 unkn[n to any b ! correspond5t1 & n to be read or und]/ood by him nei!r1 if op5$ be=e x arrive unto him2 s t nei!r ?reats1 nor hopes ( rew>d1 c make him reveal ! secret1 ! lett] hav+ be5 int]cept$1 & fir/ op5$ by ! enemy4 ,,note4 ,! use ( sigili or autograph seals is v anci5t1 inde$ we f9d !m m5tion$ by ! prophet ,j]emiah 7*ap4 xxii4 v4 #aj72 ^!1 h[ev]1 7 inv>iably engrav$ on ! collets or /ones ( r+s1 & x 0 n till a mu* lat] date t h& /amps 7 appli$ to t purpose4 ,9 ,engl&1 ! fir/ seal$ *>t] extant is t ( ,edw>d ! ,confessor1 ^u 8 f\nd+ ,we/m9/] ,abbey2 & _m ( our ,engli% k+s us$ !m1 f an inability to affix any o!r k9d ( signature3 ?is inde$ is c&idly ackn[l$g$ by ,ca$walla1 a ,saxon k+1 :o says1 at ! conclusion ( "o ( 8 *>t]s1 propri manu pro ignoranti lit]>um signum sanct crucis expressi et subscripsi4 ,! ne>e/ approa* to a correspond+ seal t occurs prior to ! sixte5? c5tury1 is t describ$ 9 a decree ( ,c>d9al ,otto1 :o 0 papal legate 9 #abcg1 by :i* ! bi%ops 7 to be> on _! seals _! title1 (fice1 dignity1 & ev5 _! prop] names4 ,ab\t ?is p]iod mottos 7 likewise g5]ally introduc$1 b none ( ^? be=e ! publication ( ! noble au?or's "w 7 at all adapt$ = secret correspond5ce2 or1 9 fact1 _h !y any mode ( comb9+ moveable *>act]s 9 ! matrix = ! purpose ( v>y+ ! impression4 ,! pr9ciple ^u :i* ^? describ$ by ! ,m>quis mu/ h be5 =m$ is simply ?is3 a frame simil> to ^? 9 :i* seals are g5]ally m\nt$ hav+ be5 fir/ prep>$1 a numb] ( moveable circles may be made to slide )9 ea* o!r on "o common c5tre4 ,if ?ree are employ$1 !y %\ld be engrav$ ) ! num]als1 ! alphabet1 &1 if int5d$ = secret writ+1 ! ?ird circle may be furni%$ ) any arbitr>y signs t may sugge/ !mselves4 ,^!1 by means ( a key1 ( :i* bo? ! correspond+ p>ties mu/ possess a duplicate1 may be comb9$ to =m ! day ( ! week1 mon?1 ye>1 c4 ,x w\ld be f\nd v useful 9 prev5t+ & detect+ ! mi/akes :i* s frequ5tly occur 9 ! deliv]y ( lett]s1 if ! seals 9 common use 7 provid$ ) at lea/ two ( ^! revolv+ circles1 ) ! day ( ! mon? & h\r ( ! day engrav$ on _! face1 p>allel to ! /one4 ,a p>ticul> "p ( ! arms or ciph] be+ us$ z an index h&1 x w\ld !n %[ ! precise h\r ! lett] 0 s5t1 )\t ! tr\ble ( dat+1 c4 ,9 engrav$ seals :]e coats ( arms are us$1 x w be obvi\s t ! seal mu/ be l>g] ?an ^? g5]ally 9 use1 z ! circles mu/ be made to revolve r\nd ! out] extremity ( ! /one1 & _! usefulness w be consid]ably dim9i%$4 ,) reg>d to ! possibility ( =m+ a key by :i* writ+ 9 any language may be deciph]$1 we h ! foll[+ curi\s anecdote1 furni%$ by ! late le>n$ & +5i\s ,mr4 ,a/le1 keep] ( ,8 ,maje/y's ,records3 he /ates1 on ! au?ority ( a noble ,"l1 deceas$1 t ! late ,e>l ,granville1 :ile ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 told him1 t :5 he came into (fice he _h 8 d\bts respect+ ! c]ta9ty ( deciph]+4 ,t he wrote d[n two or ?ree s5t5ces 9 ! ,sw$i% language1 & aft]w>ds put !m into su* arbitr>y m>ks or *>act]s1 z 8 m9d sugge/$ to him2 t he s5t ! pap] to ,dr4 ,willes1 :o return$ x ! next day1 & in=m$ 8 lord%ip1 t ! *>act]s he _h s5t to him =m$ c]ta9 words1 :i* he _h writt5 b5ea? ! ciph]1 b t he did n und]/& ! language2 & ,"l ,granville decl>$1 t ! words 7 exactly ^? :i* he _h fir/ writt51 be=e he put !m into ciph]4 ,no4 ,,ii4 ,h[ t5 ?\s& p]sons may use ^! seals to all & e ( ! purposes a=esaid1 & yet keep _! secrets f any b :om !y please4 ,,note4 ,z ! mode ( deciph]+ inscriptions1 dates1 c4 =m$ by ^! seals1 dep5ds on a key1 ! =mation ( :i* is arbitr>y1 & re/+ entirely ^u ! fancy or +5uity ( its compos]2 x foll[s1 t ! smalle/ v>iation f ! "o orig9ally int5d$ = t purpose1 w entirely de/roy ! effect ( ! propos$ comb9ation4 ,no4 ,,iii4 ,a ciph] & "* s contriv$1 t "o l9e1 )\t returns & circumflexes1 /&s = ea* & e "o ( ! tw5ty-f\r lett]s2 & z ready to be made = ! "o lett] z ! o!r4 ,,note4 ,( ?is & ! foll[+ inv5tion1 ! noble au?or has left to ! curi\s 9 ! /5ographic art1 8 own def9ition2 a manuscript1 9 ! ,m>quis's h&-writ+1 hav+ be5 pres]v$ 9 ! ,h>leian ,collection1 app5d$ to an orig9al copy ( ! ,c5tury ( ,inv5tions1 9 :i* he expla9s ! sy/em ^u :i* ^! two articles are f\nd$4 ,! ,,ms4 allud$ to is ?us entitl$3--,an ,explanation ( ! mo/ exact & mo/ comp5di\s way ( ,%ort-h& ,writ+2 & an ,example1 giv5 by way ( ,que/ions & ,resolves ^u ea* significant ,po9t1 prov+ h[ & :y x /&s = su* & su* a ,lett]1 9 ord]1 alphabetically plac$ 9 e page4--,bibl4 ,h>l4 ,no4 #bdbh4 ,! above "w is accompani$ ) engrav$ brass plates2 & 8 sy/em1 :i* is simple & easy ( atta9m5t1 may be ?us describ$3--,a %eet ( pap] mu/ fir/ be prep>$1 ) a giv5 numb] ( horizontal r[s ( small octagons1 some:at resembl+ ! *equ]s on a draft-bo>d4 ,/raight l9es are !n to be drawn f ! c5tre t[>ds ! sides ( ^! squ>es1 9 diff]5t positions1 & ( v>i\s l5g?s1 = ea* lett] 9 ! alphabet4 ,?us1 ,a is a %ort horizontal /roke1 made to ! "r h&1 & n t\*+ ! side2 ,e1 ,a1 & ,w1 are repres5t$ by a simil> /roke 9 ! opposite direction1 b v>y+ 9 _! l5g?s4 ,by a simil> me?od ! au?or sugge/s1 9 ! foll[+ article1 t we may write ) a dot1 or s+le po9t only1 plac$ 9 a giv5 situation 9 ! octagon2 v>y+ ! position = ea* lett]1 z is at pres5t done 9 music1 ! pap] be+ prep>$ ) rul$ l9es1 or x may be simplifi$ by ! use ( col\r$ inks = ! v[els & consonants4 ,no4 ,,iv4 ,?is inv5tion ref9$1 & s abbreviat$1 t a po9t only %[e? di/9ctly & significantly any ( ! tw5ty-f\r lett]s2 & ^! v po9ts to be made ) two p5s1 s t no "t w be lo/1 b z "o f+] rise?1 ! o!r may make ! foll[+ lett]1 nev] clogg+ ! memory ) sev]al figures = words1 & comb9ations ( lett]s2 :i*1 ) ease & void ( confusion1 are ?us spe$ily & punctually1 lett] = lett]1 set d[n by nak$ & n multipli$ po9ts4 ,& no?+ c be less ?an a po9t1 ! ma!matical def9ition ( x be+ cujus p>s nulla4 ,& ( a motion1 equally z swift z semiquav]s or reli%es1 yet applicable to ?is mann] ( writ+4 ,,note4 ,vide ! prec$+ article4 ,no4 ,v4 ,a way1 by a circul> motion1 ei!r along a rule or r+-wise1 to v>y any alphabet1 ev5 ?is ( po9ts1 s t ! self same po9t1 individually plac$1 )\t ! lea/ additional m>k or v>iation ( place1 %all /& = all ! tw5ty-f\r lett]s1 & n = ! same lett] twice 9 t5 %eets writ+2 yet z easily & c]ta9ly read & kn[n1 z if x /ood b = "o & ! self same lett] con/antly signifi$4 ,,note4 ,! gauge1 9 ?is case1 mu/ accompany ! lett] to be deciph]$1 &1 :5 circul>1 made to resemble a map-met]4 ,by notic+ ! numb] ( l9es pass$ ov] by ?is in/rum5t1 & comp>+ ! index-h& ) ! dots1 a suffici5tly intelligible ?\gh c]ta9ly complex ciph] may be =m$4 ,no4 ,,vi4 ,h[1 at a w9d[1 z f> z eye c discov] black f :ite1 a man may hold disc\rse ) 8 correspond5t1 )\t noise made or noise tak52 be+1 accord+ to occasion giv5 & means af=d$1 ex re nat1 & no ne$ ( provision be=eh&2 ?\gh mu* bett] if =ese51 & means prep>$ = x1 & a prem$itat$ c\rse tak5 by mutual cons5t ( p>ties4 ,,note4 ,! telegraph1 ?\gh n g5]ally us$ 9 ,europe till ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,fr5* revolution1 appe>s to h be5 well kn[n to ! anci5ts4 ,polybius describes a me?od ( communication1 :i* 0 inv5t$ by ,cleox5us1 :i* answ]$ bo? by day & night4 ,kir*] & ,scott likewise allude to its use2 b ! description giv5 by ! ,m>quis is evid5tly sup]ior to any t _h prec$$ him2 &1 inde$1 mu/ h ne>ly resembl$ t 9 use at ! pres5t p]iod4 ,no4 ,,vii4 ,a way to d x by night z well z by day1 ?\gh z d>k z pit* is black4 ,,note4 ,! allusion "h to a telegraphic communication is likewise suffici5tly evid5t2 ?\gh x is obvi\s t1 = night signals1 x w become necess>y to sub/itute rockets or reflect+ lamps = ! pa9t$ bo>ds4 ,among ! signs = nightly in=mation at a di/ance1 ^? by fire are extremely common1 & h be5 us$ by ! ,*9ese1 ,p]sians1 & o!r nations1 9 ! remote/ times4 ,?is species ( communication is affirm$ by ,diodorus ,siculus to h be5 practis$ by ,m$ea 9 h] conspiracy ) ,jason1 :i* c>ries u back ?ree ?\s& & sev5ty ye>s2 & al?\gh !re mu/ be "s unc]ta9ty on ?is "q1 ,pl9y1 9 8 ,hi/ory1 lib4 vii4 cap4 #ef1 says1 x orig9at$ ) ,s9on4 ,specul>em significationem ,trojano bello ,s9on inv5it4 ,?is 0 ! signal ^u :i* ,s9on agre$ to unlock ! wood5 horse 9 ! siege ( ,troy1 ab\t #aahd ye>s be=e ,*ri/3 ----,flammas cum regia puppis ,extul]at4 ,virgil4 n4 lib4 ii4 #bef4 ,&1 aft] ! tak+ ( ,troy1 s*ylus relates1 t ,agamemnon imm$iately appriz$ 8 que51 ,clytemne/ra1 ( t ev5t by a simil> me?od2 :i*1 we suppose1 mu/ h be5 done ei!r by m5 plac$ at c]ta9 di/ances ) light$ tor*es1 :i* !y held up 9 succession1 or by a consid]able numb] ( fires on ! tops ( hills1 d5ot+ ! simple fact previ\sly agre$ on betwe5 ! p>ties4 ,see ,onos&]'s ,/rategicus1 cap4 #be1 :]e ?is practice is describ$4 ,! fire-signals ( ! ,greeks & ,romans are also slightly m5tion$ by ,qu9tus ,curtius1 ,livy1 ,cs>1 ,h]odotus1 ,hom]1 & ,?ucydides2 likewise by ,vegetius & ,front9us2 b /ill m 9 detail by ,polybius & neas ,tacticus2 ! latt] ( :om 0 contempor>y ) ,ari/otle1 & has left a valuable fragm5t on ! duties ( a g5]al1 7translat$ into ,lat9 by ,casaubon17 :]e9 are _m curi\s rem>ks on ! subject ( secret correspond5ce4 ,! ,greek signals 7 mu* improv$ by ,polybius1 :o1 9 8 hi/ory1 7lib4 x4 cap4 #de4 p4 #bif4 tom4 iii4 ,lips4 #agij4 edit4 ,joh4 ,s*weighaeus]17 attributes ! inv5tion to ,cleom5es & ,democritus1 or 7m correctly7 to ,cleox5us & ,democlitus1 9 words ?us r5d]$3 ,po/rema ratio1 cujus auctores sunt ,cleox5us et ,democlitus1 s$ quam nos correximus1 c]ta def9itaque e/1 adeo ut quidquid exortum fu]it negotii1 id possis c]to fac]e notum4 ,prior to t p]iod1 ! in=mation communicat$ by tor*es1 flags1 smoke1 or o!rwise1 0 v limit$1 & x 0 requisite to settle be=eh& :at ea* signal %\ld mean2 :]eas ,polybius %[$ h[ to correspond alphabetically1 & to give or receive any species ( intellig5ce1 )\t ?is previ\s conc]t4 ,! plans ( neas ,tacticus _h nev] arriv$ at su* p]fection1 & 7 !re=e ( comp>atively small use2 ?\gh1 )\t d\bt1 he at lea/ equall$ any ( 8 pr$ecessors 9 ! facility ( 8 telegraphic communications4 ,no4 ,,viii4 ,a way h[ to level & %oot cannon by night z well z by day1 & z directly1 )\t a plat=m or measures tak5 by day1 yet by a pla9 & infallible rule4 ,no4 ,,ix4 ,an eng9e1 portable 9 "o's pocket1 :i* may be c>ri$ & fa/5$ on ! inside ( ! greate/ %ip1 tanquam aliud ag5s1 &1 at any appo9t$ m9ute1 ?\gh a week aft]1 ei!r ( day or night1 x %all irrecov]ably s9k t %ip4 ,,note4 ,to prep>e ?is dang]\s in/rum5t1 x is m]ely necess>y to connect a gun-lock ) a common bomb %ell1 fill$ 9 ! usual mann]1 & a small clock atta*$2 :i* w at any giv5 "t dis*>ge ! lock1 & cause ! %ell to explode3 ! trem5d\s effects ( :i* 9 ! cab9 or hold ( a vessel may easi] be conceiv$ ?an describ$4 ,no4 ,x4 ,a way1 f a mile (f1 to dive & fa/5 a l eng9e to any %ip1 s z x may punctually "w ! same effect1 ei!r = "t or execution4 ,,note4 ,mr4 ,fulton1 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! inv5tor ( ! ,torp$o1 recomm5ds ! use ( a gun-h>poon = fix+ ?is de/ructive eng9e on ! side ( a %ip2 b ?is plan appe>s liable to two objections3 ! resi/ance t w\ld be (f]$ by ! wat]1 %\ld ! h>poon be fir$ f a consid]able di/ance2 & ! c]ta9ty ( discov]y f ! report ( ! cannon1 on a ne> approa* to ! hull ( ! vessel4 ,! me?ods mo/ eligible = ?is object appe> to be1 ei!r to let ! ma*9e float ) ! tide1 & by /rik+ aga9/ ! side ( ! vessel dis*>ge a gun-lock2 or else1 by employ+ a div+-bell1 pass b5ea? ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,9 pro( ( ! practicability ( ! latt] plan1 ab\t ! "t ( ! attack made by ! ,engli% at ,b\logne1 ,buonap>te caus$ a small div+ vessel to be made1 :i*1 at a preconc]t$ signal1 l[]$ its ma/s1 y>ds1 c42 & by admitt+ a c]ta9 quantity ( wat] sunk x to ! requir$ dep?2 x 0 !n impell$ =w>d by means ( a circul> paddle or :eel turn$ )9 ! vessel1 & ^u ! air becom+ f\l or exhau/$1 ! vessel 0 rais$ to ! surface by means ( pumps or dropp+ ( balla/4 ,x appe>s m ?an probable1 t ?is is ! species ( vessel to :i* ! ,m>quis alludes4 ,hook1 9 8 ,philosophical ,collections1 ,no4 #b1 describes an air-vessel possess+ simil> prop]ties ) ! above4 ,no4 ,,xi4 ,h[ to prev5t & safegu>d any %ip f su* an attempt by day or night4 ,,note4 ,a safe & easy me?od ( prev5t+ ! dreadful consequ5ces att5dant on ! explosion ( ?is trem5d\s ma*9e1 may be f\nd 9 ! use ( a /rong net1 resembl+ t us$ 9 ! salmon fi%]y2 :i* mu/ be kept at ! requir$ di/ance f ! vessel by float+ buoys plac$ = t purpose4 ,x w also be necess>y to fix a bell ^u ! upp] extremity ( ea* buoy1 :i* w1 by its r++ on a calm night1 discov] ! approa* ( any hydro/atic vessel2 & %\ld ! wea!r be /ormy1 ! attempt mu/ end 9 ! de/ruction ( ! sub-m>9e voyag]s4 ,no4 ,,xii4 ,a way to make a %ip n possible to be sunk1 ?\gh %ot at an hundr$ times betwe5 w9d & wat] by cannon1 & %\ld %e lose a :ole plank1 yet1 9 half an h\r's "t1 %\ld be made z fit to sail z be=e4 ,,note4 ,provid$ ! hull ( ! vessel be compos$ ( numb] ( small divisions1 simil> to ! life pres]v]s con/ruct$ by ,mr4 ,daniel1 x w sc>cely be possible to s9k x1 especially if a l>ge %eet1 well prep>$ ) oakum1 be drawn "u ! vessel 9 ! ev5t ( a fracture occurr+1 z ! pressure ( ! wat] on ! surface ( ! vessel w =ce ! canvass into ! *asm1 & all[ ( ! necess>y rep>ation4 ,! latt] me?od has be5 adopt$ 9 ! navy = sev]al ye>s4 ,no4 ,,xiii4 ,h[ to make su* false decks1 z 9 a mom5t %\ld kill & take prison]s z _m z %\ld bo>d ! %ip1 )\t bl[+ ! real decks up1 or de/roy+ !m f be+ r$ucible2 &1 9 a qu>t] ( an h\r's "t1 %\ld recov] _! =m] %ape1 & to be made fit = any employm5t )\t discov]+ ! secret4 ,,note4 ,at ab\t six in*es f ! fix$ deck1 & support$ by cross beams1 x w be necess>y to raise an artificial "o ( ?9 planks1 "u :i* mu/ be previ\sly plac$ a numb] ( small iron boxes1 op5 at ! top1 & fill$ ) p[d]1 connect$ ) ea* o!r by a tra94 ,! in/ant ?is is fir$1 ! upp]1 or false deck1 w bl[ up en masse1 )\t affect+ 9 ! slighte/ degree ! p]man5t deck b5ea?4 ,no4 ,,xiv4 ,h[ to br+ a =ce to weigh up an an*or1 or to d any =cible exploit 9 ! n>r[e/ or l[e/ room 9 any %ip1 :]e few h&s %all d ! "w ( _m2 & _m h&s applicable to ! same =ce1 "s /&+1 o!rs sitt+1 &1 by virtue ( _! sev]al helps1 a great =ce augm5t$ 9 little room1 z effectual z if !re 7 suffici5t space to g ab\t ) an axle-tree1 & "w f> f ! c5tre4 ,,note4 ,! application ( an endless screw1 or worm1 appe>s ! mo/ advantage\s mode ( increas+ p[] 9 a small space2 & x possesses ! additional advantage ( rema9+ /ation>y at any po9t )\t ! assi/ance ( ! rat*et & click4 ,no4 ,,xv4 ,a way h[ to make a boat "w itself aga9/ w9d & tide1 yea1 bo? )\t ! help ( man or bea/2 yet s1 t ! w9d or tide1 ?\gh directly opposite1 %all =ce ! %ip or boat aga9/ itself2 & 9 no po9t ( ! compass1 b x %all be z effectual z if ! w9d 7 9 ! poop1 or ! /ream actually ) ! c\rse x is to /e]1 accord+ to :i* ! o>s %all r[1 & necess>y motions "w & move t[>ds ! desir$ port1 or po9t ( ! compass4 ,,note4 ,a ,panemore1 or globul> w9d-mill1 erect$ 9 ! c5tre ( a %ip1 has be5 propos$ = ! turn+ ( two :eels or paddles1 plac$ on ! b[s1 :i* w\ld ?us impel ! vessel =w>d 9 any requir$ direction4 ,! panemore1 :i* 0 inv5t$ by ,m4 ,desqu9em>e1 consi/s ( a k9d ( globe plac$ on ! top ( a ma/1 on :i* x always turns r\nd ) ! w9d4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! +5i\s adju/m5t ( ! curves :i* x pres5ts 9 all its po9ts1 ! rot>y motion is always 9 ! same direction1 be t ( ! w9d z x may2 & _! utmo/ viol5ce1 in/ead ( be+ detrim5tal to its action1 only augm5ts its p[]4 ,! means ( ! in/rum5t increas+ 9 a cubical ratio :5 ! w9d d\bles its velocity2 & by d\bl+ ! surface its p[] is increas$ eight-fold4 ,no4 ,,xvi4 ,h[ to make a sea-ca/le1 or =tification1 cannon-pro(1 capable ( a ?\s& m51 yet sailable at pleasure to def5d a passage1 or1 9 an h\r's "t1 to divide itself into ?ree %ips1 z fit & trimm$ to sail z be=e2 & ev5 :il/ x is a =t or ca/le1 !y %all be unanim\sly /e]$1 & effectually be driv5 by an indiff]5t /rong w9d4 ,,note4 ,s*eff]1 9 8 treatise entitl$ ,de ,militi ,navali1 describes a vessel ( a some:at simil> con/ruction3 x 0 compos$ ( f\r float+ tanks1 or p>ts ( vessels1 :i* c\ld at pleasure be jo9$ toge!r by means ( bolts4 ,bomb-pro( batt]ies ( prodigi\s =ce 7 us$ by ! ,spani>ds 9 _! attack on ,gibralt>1 9 #aghb4 ,_! upp] decks 7 at an angle ( ab\t =ty-five degrees1 & compos$ ( successive lay]s ( oak-plank+ & raw hides4 ,^! (f]$ an irresi/ible b>ri] to ! %ot & %ells commonly us$1 till ,g5]al ,elliot decid$ on ! application ( r$-hot balls1 :i*1 by burn+ a passage ?r\gh ! out] lay]s1 quickly communicat$ to t "p ( ! hold us$ z a depository = p[d]1 c41 & ! consequ5ce 01 ! entire de/ruction ( ?is imm5se flotilla4 ,no4 ,,xvii4 ,h[ to make ^u ! ,?ames a float+ g>d5 ( pleasure1 ) trees1 fl[]s1 banquet+-h\ses1 & f\nta9s1 /ews = all k9d ( fi%es1 a res]ve = sn[ to keep w9e 91 delicate ba?+ places1 & ! l2 ) music made by mills2 & all 9 ! mid/ ( ! /ream1 :]e x is mo/ rapid4 ,,note4 ,! mo/ celebrat$ g>d5s ( ?is description 7 ^? made by ! ,mexicans on ! great lake :i* surr\nds ! capital2 "h !y plant$ trees1 & cultivat$ maize1 pepp]1 & o!r plants necess>y = _! support4 ,9 progress ( "t1 z ^! float+ fields grew num]\s f ! indu/ry ( ! p1 !y =m$ among !m g>d5s = fl[]s & o!r odorif]\s plants1 :i* 7 employ$ 9 ! wor%ip ( _! gods1 & :i* s]v$ also = ! recreation ( ! nobles4 ,e day ( ! ye>1 at sun-rise1 innum]able vessels1 lad5 ) v>i\s k9ds ( fl[]s & h]bs1 cultivat$ on ! wat]1 arriv$ by ! canal1 at ! great m>ket-place ( ! capital4 ,to =m _! floats1 !y fir/ plait or twi/ will[s1 ) roots ( m>% plants1 & ^u ?is f\ndation !y place ! mud & dirt :i* !y draw f ! b$ ( ! lake4 ,:5 ! own] ( a g>d5 wi%es to *ange 8 situation1 to remove f a disagreeable neighb\r1 or to come ne>] 8 own family1 he gets into 8 little vessel & t[s ! plantation aft] him4--,vide ,nov4 ,84 de ,mexico p> le ,abb ,francesco ,sav]io ,clavig]o4 ,! float+ pleasure ba? moor$ 9 ! ,riv] ,?ames1 ne> ,we/m9/] ,bridge1 is support$ by empty casks2 & ?is plan1 if assi/$ by moor+-*a9s1 may be appli$ to g>d5s ( any reasonable ext5t1 ev5 9 ! broade/ & mo/ rapid riv]s4 ,no4 ,,xviii4 ,an artificial f\nta91 to be turn$ l an h\r-glass1 by a *ild1 9 ! tw9kl+ ( an eye1 x yet hold+ great quantities ( wat]1 & ( =ce suffici5t to make sn[1 ice1 & ?und]2 ) ! *irp+ & s++ ( birds1 & %[+ ( sev]al %apes & effects1 usual to f\nta9s ( pleasure4 ,,note4 ,t a f\nta9 may be made ^u ! pr9ciple ( an h\r-glass1 & t :5 ! upp] division is exhau/$1 ! l[] may be elevat$ by a crank & lev]1 ! fluid pass+ ?r\gh ! c5tre ( its axis1 we may easily conceive2 b h[ a f\nta9 ( wat] c produce sn[1 ice1 ?und]1 & ! s++ ( birds1 is a circum/ance n easy to be compreh5d$4 ,no4 ,,xix4 ,a little eng9e1 )9 a coa*1 :]eby a *ild may /op x1 & secure all p]sons )9 x1 & ! coa*man himself1 ?\gh ! horses be nev] s unruly1 9 full c>e]2 a *ild be+ suffici5tly capable to unloose !m1 9 :at po/ure soev] !y %\ld h put !mselves1 turn+ nev] s %ort2 = a *ild c d x 9 ! tw9kl+ ( an eye4 ,,note4 ,!re are b few p]sons :o w disall[ ! utility ( an inv5tion1 ^: object is to prev5t1 z mu* z possible1 ! frequ5t & t]rible accid5ts :i* occur f ! pres5t mode ( atta*+ horses to c>riages1 & o!r vehicles2 t ^! might 9 a great measure be avoid$1 by ! application ( ! ,m>quis's inv5tion1 & a legislative enactm5t to secure its adoption1 !re c be no d\bt4 ,to accompli% ?is v desirable object1 a b>1 ( equal l5g? ) ! axle-tree1 to :i* is fix$ ! pole & traces2 mu/ be furni%$ ) ?ree iron bolts made to fit a l numb] ( sockets 9 ! axle-tree2 & f :i*1 ! additional b> may be readily rais$1 by ! application ( a common lev]3 ei!r by ! pressure ( ! driv]'s foot1 or by a /r+ made to communicate ) ! body ( ! vehicle4 ,= a *aise ! app>atus w be no less simple1 ) ! exception ( a small re/+ b>1 or foot1 :i* x w be necess>y to dis*>ge by ! same lev] :i* sets at lib]ty ! horse1 & by ?is means prev5t ! sudd5 j]k1 t mu/ o!rwise occur 9 a two :eel$ c>riage4 ,no4 ,,xx4 ,h[ to br+ up wat] balance-wise1 s t z little weight or =ce z w turn a balance1 w be only ne$ful1 m ?an ! weight ( ! wat] )9 ! buckets1 :i* c\nt]poise & empty !mselves "o into ! o!r1 ! upp]mo/ yield+ its wat] 7h[ great a quantity soev] x holds7 at ! same "t :5 ! l[]mo/ take? x 91 ?\gh x be an hundr$ fa?om high4 ,,note4 ,an eng9e answ]+ ! above description may be compos$ ( a s]ies ( ladles or buckets1 ! h&les ( :i* be+ holl[ w admit a passage = ! wat] by elevat+ ! bucket end4 ,a numb] ( ^!1 suffici5t = ! requir$ height1 mu/ be fa/5$ 9 a frame2 ea* ladle be+ susp5d$ by a fulcrum s balanc$ t :5 fill$ ) wat]1 !y may rema9 9 equilibrio4 ,! :ole ( ! buckets ?us con/ruct$ may be connect$ by rods pass+ f ! top ( ! ma*9e to ! l[e/ h&le1 & ! cont9u$ s]ies s plac$1 t ! h&le ( ! "o bucket w empty itself into ! res]voir ( ! succe$+ "o1 s t by alt]nately rais+ & depress+ ! rods ! wat] is rais$ to ! top ( ! ma*9e4 ,no4 ,,xxi4 ,h[ to raise wat] con/antly ) two buckets only1 day & night1 )\t any o!r =ce ?an its own motion1 us+ n s mu* z any =ce1 :eel1 or suck]1 nor m pullies ?an "o1 on :i* ! cord or *a9 rolle?1 ) a bucket at ea* end4 ,?is1 ,i confess1 ,i h se5 & le>n$ ( ! great ma!matician ,clavius's ,/udies at ,rome1 he hav+ made a pres5t !re( unto a c>d9al2 & ,i desire n to own any o!r man's inv5tions2 b if ,i set d[n any1 to nom9ate likewise ! inv5tor4 ,,note4 ,! con/ruction ( an hydraulic eng9e ) p[]s ne>ly simil> to ?is1 may be ?us describ$3 two buckets ( unequal size mu/ be fir/ susp5d$ by a flexible *a9 turn+ on a d\ble roll] or pulley2 s t "o bucket w be elevat$ to ! requir$ height1 :ile ! o!r rea*es ! level ( ! wat] to be rais$2 a small /ream ( wat] mu/ !n be made to communicate ) ! l>ge/ bucket1 :i* w spe$ily be depress$ & desc5d to ! l[] level1 :ile ! opposite bucket w dis*>ge its cont5ts into a ci/]n or res]voir at ! top ( ! ma*9e3 ! l>g] bucket be+ likewise empti$ by /rik+ aga9/ a project+ beam plac$ !re = t purpose4 ,mr4 ,s>jeant has describ$ a v simple & p[]ful ma*9e = rais+ wat]1 ne>ly simil> 9 po9t ( pr9ciple to ! above4 ,an engrav+ ( ,mr4 ,s4's eng9e1 toge!r ) an acc\nt ( its con/ruction1 is ins]t$ 9 ! ,trans4 ( ! ,soc4 ( ,arts1 vol4 xix4 p4 #bee4 ,no4 ,,xxii4 ,to make a riv] 9 a g>d5 ebb & fl[ con/antly1 ?\gh tw5ty foot ov]1 ) a *ild's =ce1 9 "s private room1 or place out ( sight1 & a compet5t di/ance f x4 ,,note4 ,! v +5i\s canal lock lately inv5t$ by ,pet] ,boga]ts1 ,esq41 appe>s fully calculat$ = effect+ ?is object4 ,9 ?is lock1 :i* f its simplicity is no less useful ?an economical1 a small portion ( wat] is made to assi/ 9 displac+ sev]al tons ( t elem5t1 & !re is no d\bt b a *ild's =ce w\ld raise d\ble ! quantity ( wat] describ$ by ! ,m>quis4 ,9 ! model lately exhibit$1 a weight ( sev5 p\nds 0 made to raise #aj cwt4 ( wat] m ?an f\r feet 9 a few seconds4 ,no4 ,,xxiii4 ,to set a clock z )9 a ca/le1 ! wat] fill+ ! tr5*es ab\t x2 :i* %all %[1 by ebb+ & fl[+1 ! h\rs1 m9utes1 & seconds1 & all ! compreh5sible motions ( ! heav5s1 & c\nt]libration ( ! e>?1 accord+ to ,cop]nicus4 ,,note4 ,a tide-mill 0 sev]al ye>s back exhibit$ 9 ! ,museum ( t v +5i\s me*anic1 ,mr4 ,g4 ,j4 ,hawk9s2 & a simil> prime mov] has be5 sugge/$ = ! purpose ( w9d+ a clock = a bell signal /ation on ! ,nor!rn coa/ ( ,engl&4 ,an a/ronomical ma*9e z describ$ by ! ,m>quis1 mu/ be provid$ ) two b>rels1 ea* possess+ a ma9ta9+ p[] suffici5t = ! correct p]=mance ( ! :ole4 ,9 addition to ! l9e t supports ! weight1 or ma9ta9+ p[]1 ea* b>rel mu/ be provid$ ) a revolv+ pulley resembl+ ^? us$ = old ?irty-h\r clocks2 ) *a9s pass+ ov] _! axis2 & ! *a9s be+ atta*$ to l>ge floats ( wood w be alt]nately rais$ or depress$ by ! ebb+ & fl[+ ( ! tide2 & ?us 9 succession w9d up ! weights :i* =m ! ma9ta9+ p[] ( ! clock4 ,! clepsydr1 or hydraulic clock1 0 9 g5]al use among ! anci5ts1 & a /ream ( wat] 0 frequ5tly employ$ to give motion to planet>y ma*9es4 ,no4 ,,xxiv4 ,h[ to increase ! /r5g? ( a spr+ to su* a degree z to %oot bombasses & bullets ( an hundr$ p\nd weight a /eeple height1 & a qu>t] ( a mile (f & m1 /one b[-wise1 admirable = fire-works & a/oni%+ ( besieg$ cities1 :51 )\t w>n+ giv5 by noise1 !y f9d !mselves s =cibly & dang]\sly surpris$4 ,,note4 ,! /r5g? ( a comp\nd spr+ =m$ ( two metals may1 by ! application ( heat1 be increas$ to any giv5 p[]4 ,rationale4--,iron possess+ an expansive p[] ( #a_/ie1 & brass be+ only #a_/fj1 ! weak] metal w be b5t by t ^: p[] ( expansion is great]1 & ! impulse ( ! spr+ increas$ 9 an equal ratio4 ,no4 ,,xxv4 ,h[ to make a weight1 t _c take up an hundr$ p\nd1 & yet %all take up two hundr$ p\nds1 & at ! self same di/ance f ! c5tre2 & s1 proportionally1 to millions ( p\nds4 ,,note4 ,?is is inde$ p>adoxical1 & s completely contr>y to e e/abli%$ pr9ciple or rule 9 sci5ce1 t we may fairly set x d[n among ! numb] ( ^? inv5tions :i*1 by p>tak+ s highly ( ! m>vell\s1 h contribut$ to br+ ! :ole ,c5tury into disrepute4 ,no4 ,,xxvi4 ,to raise a weight s well & z =cibly ) ! draw+ back ( ! lev]1 z ) ! ?ru/+ x =w>ds2 & by t means to lose no "t 9 motion or /r5g?4 ,?is ,i saw 9 ! ars5al at ,v5ice4 ,,note4 ,! m]e application ( a crank1 su* z is us$ = ! foot-la!1 act+ ^u a drum & fly-:eel1 ) a *a9 atta*$ to move a second lev] or upright slid+ b>1 w fully effect ! object "h describ$4 ,no4 ,,xxvii4 ,a way to remove to & fro huge weights1 ) a mo/ inconsid]able /r5g?1 f place to place4 ,= example3 t5 ton ) t5 p\nds1 & less2 ! said t5 p\nds n to fall l[] ?an x makes ! t5 ton to advance or retreat ^u a level4 ,,note4 ,a weight atta*$ to an ord9>y crane may be mov$ ) ! utmo/ facility2 & x is well kn[n t ! employm5t ( friction :eels furni%es a ready m$ium ( conveyance = masses ( iron & /one ( ! greate/ magnitude4 ,no4 ,,xxviii4 ,a bridge1 portable ^u a c>t1 ) six horses1 :i*1 9 a few h\rs' "t1 may be plac$ ov] a riv] half a mile broad1 :]eon1 ) mu* exp$ition1 may be transport$1 horse1 foot1 & cannon4 ,,note4 ,a portable bridge1 or r f]ry boat1 calculat$ = cross+ wide & deep riv]s1 0 frequ5tly employ$ 9 anci5t w>f>e1 & is /ill us$ = ! conveyance ( horses & pass5g]s 9 _m p>ts ( ,europe4 ,! app>atus = ?is purpose may readily be atta*$ to ! banks ( ! mo/ rapid riv]1 z x m]ely consi/s 9 ! employm5t ( two ropes or wires1 tight5$ by means ( a w9*1 on :i* slide pullies connect$ ) a l>ge float+ tank or waggon1 t is aft]w>ds int5d$ to be employ$ z a m$ium ( conveyance4 ,! app>atus be+ ?us prep>$1 a communication may readily be op5$ by means ( two cords betwe5 ! opposite banks ( ! riv]4 ,no4 ,,xxix4 ,a portable =tification1 able to conta9 five hundr$ fight+ m51 & yet1 9 six h\rs' "t1 may be set up & made cannon pro(1 ^u ! side ( a riv] or pass1 ) cannon m\nt$ ^u x1 & z complete z a regul> =tification1 ) half-moons & c\nt]sc>ps4 ,,note4 ,x is difficult to attempt an elucidation ( ?is or ! foll[+ articles2 b ! annex$ extract f ! ,g5]al ,ev5+ ,po/ = #agdg appe>s to ?r[ "s light on ,no4 ,,xxx4 ,on ! #aa? in/ant1 ,mr4 ,james ,allis 0 pres5t$ to ! ,royal ,society1 ) a new inv5t$ cannon1 :i* *>ges & dis*>ges bo? at "o "t1 & tw5ty times 9 a m9ute3 he _h _! ?anks1 & a h&some pres5t4 ,no4 ,,xxx4 ,a way1 9 "o night's "t1 to raise a bulw>k1 tw5ty or ?irty foot high1 cannon pro(1 & cannon m\nt$ ^u x2 ) m5 to ov]look1 comm& & batt] a t[n2 =1 ?\gh x conta9 b f\r pieces1 !y %all be able to dis*>ge two hundr$ bullets ea* h\r4 ,,note4 ,vide ! prec$+ ,article4 ,s9ce writ+ ! above1 ! ,editor has be5 call$ to witness ! effects ( highly ela/ic vap\r appli$ to ! propell+ ( lead5 bullets1 9 an app>atus contriv$ by ,mr4 ,p]k9s2 & ^! de/ructive missile eng9es are capable ( dis*>g+ ne>ly two hundr$ bullets1 9 "o sixtie? "p ( ! "t describ$ by our au?or 9 ! pres5t ,article4 ,no4 ,,xxxi4 ,a way h[ safely & spe$ily to make an approa* to a ca/le or t[n-wall1 & ov] ! v dit*1 at noon-day4 ,,note4 ,a :eel c>riage1 ( suffici5t /r5g? to support an heavy iron t[]1 mu/ fir/ be provid$4 ,x may be con/ruct$ ( ?ick wr\ght iron1 ) door1 c41 ( ! same mat]ial1 & hung r\nd ) s&-bags1 ?r\gh ! int]/ices ( :i* may project f six to eight small guns to protect x f musquetry4 ,! mo/ eligible me?od ( mov+ ! t[] appe>s to be by fix+ small h&les to ! axles ( ! :eels1 :i* may be turn$ at pleasure by ^? )9 ! walls4 ,to prev5t any attempt ( ! enemy :o may sally =? to drag ! ma*9e )9 ! walls ( ! t[n1 c41 x w be adviseable to arm ! :eels ) long /eel /uds1 :i*1 :5 ! h&les are fa/5$ )91 w r5d] x immoveable4 ,?is t[]1 ?\gh b ( little use 9 mod]n w>f>e1 appe>s well adapt$ = reconnoitr+ ! walls ( a =tifi$ t[n1 &1 if fix$ ^u a holl[ iron vessel1 w possess ! fur!r advantage ( cross+ riv]s & moats4 ,ne>ly simil> ma*9es are describ$ by ,vitruvius1 & o!r au?ors :o treat on milit>y eng9e]+4 ,no4 ,,xxxii4 ,h[ to compose an univ]sal "*1 me?odical & easy to be writt51 yet intelligible 9 any language2 s t if an ,engli%man write x 9 ,engli%1 a ,fr5*man1 ,italian1 ,spani>d1 ,iri% or ,wel*man1 be+ s*ol>s1 yea1 ,grecian or ,hebritian1 %all z p]fectly und]/& x 9 _! own tongue z if !y 7 ,engli%1 di/+ui%+ ! v]bs f ! n\ns1 ! numb]s1 t5ses1 & cases1 z prop]ly express$ 9 _! own language z x 0 writt5 9 ,engli%4 ,,note4 ,! great difficulty :i* ! v>i\s contriv]s ( a univ]sal "* or philosophical language h hi!rto _h to enc\nt]1 f ! ,m>quis ( ,worce/] & ,bi%op ,wilk9s d[n to ,m4 ,lod[ick1 appe>s to h aris5 r f ! difficulty att5dant on engag+ ! sev]al nations to use x1 ?an 9 inv5t+ ! mo/ conv5i5t "*4 ,! real "* ( ,bi%op ,wilk9s1 :i* !re is e reason to suppose /rongly resembl$ t ( 8 contempor>y ! ,m>quis1 0 repeat$ly recomm5d$ by ,dr4 ,hook1 :o1 to engage ! _w 9 ! /udy ( x1 publi%$ "s curi\s inv5tions ( 8 own1 t5d+ to its illu/ration4 ,b ! mo/ accurate notice on ! hi/ory ( pasigraphy yet publi%$ appe>$ 9 ! ,spect4 du ,nord = ,may1 #agih4 ,! anonym\s au?or ( ?is int]e/+ memoir comm5ces by a brief inquiry into ! nature & utility ( ! univ]sal "*1 & !n proce$s ) ?is v j eulogium on our immortal c\ntryman ,bacon4 ,x is g5]ally all[$ t ,"l ,bacon ( ,v]ulam compreh5d$ ne>ly ! :ole circle ( human k at ! p]iod 9 :i* he liv$1 & =esaw mo/ ( ! discov]ies :i* h s9ce be5 made4 ,he laid ! f\ndation ( an ,encyclopdia1 & 0 v ne> discov]+ v>i\s important philosophical results1 su* z ! weight ( ! air1 c4 ,if we op5 8 book on ! progress ( ! sci5ces1 we %all f9d ! notion ( a pasigraphy 9 ! *apt] entitl$ ,! ,in/rum5t ( ,disc\rse4 ,x is possible to inv5t su* signs1 says he1 = ! communication ( our ?\ghts1 t p ( diff]5t languages may1 by ?is means1 und]/& ea* o!r2 & t ea* may read imm$iately 9 8 own language1 a book :i* %all be writt5 9 ano!r4 ,b ,bacon did n ?9k ( conf9+ ?is to twelve *>act]s3 on ! contr>y1 he requires a great numb]1 at lea/ z _m z ! numb] ( radical words2 on :i* head he quotes ! example ( ! ,*9ese2 & al?\gh1 adds he1 our alphabet may appe> m commodi\s ?an ?is me?od ( writ+1 ! ?+ itself nev]!less is well des]v+ ( att5tion4 ,! problem relates to ! signs by :i* ?\ghts may be r5d]$ curr5t2 &1 z money may be /ruck ( o!r mat]ials z well z gold & silv]1 x is possible likewise to discov] o!r signs ( ?+s z well z lett]s & words4 ,des ,c>tes1 9 8 ?ird lett] to fa!r ,m]c5nus1 discusses ! inv5tion ( a ,fr5*man1 :om he does n "n1 b :o1 by means ( a c]ta9 language & an artificial writ+1 pret5d$ to und]/& all ! diff]5t idioms4 ,he rem>ks on ?is subject1 t x w\ld be v possible to compose a %ort & conv5i5t gramm>1 ) g5]al signs1 :i* %\ld r5d] all =eign languages intelligible4 ,9 ! ye> #affa1 ,john ,joa*im ,be*] publi%$ a ,lat9 folio1 ! title ( :i* 0 ,*>act]s = ! ,univ]sal ,k ( ,languages3 a ,/5ographic ,inv5tion hi!rto unhe>d (4 ,?is unhe>d ( inv5tion consi/s ( a me?od by :i* a native ( any c\ntry may make himself und]/ood by all =eign]s by writ+ 9 8 own language1 & be enabl$ also to compreh5d :at !y write 9 !irs4 ,x 0 truly at t "t a ?+ unhe>d (2 = ,be*]1 be+ ! fir/ :o _h giv5 a complete treatise on ?is art1 may be consid]$ z ! inv5tor4 ,he beg9s 8 "w by a s]ies ( highly int]e/+ obs]vations ^u g5]al gramm>1 & ! fundam5tal relations ( all languages ) reg>d to ea* o!r4 ,he gives a le>n$ comp>ative table ( ! relations & h>mony ( ! ,lat91 ! ,greek1 ! ,hebrew1 ! ,arabian1 ! ,sclavonian1 ! ,fr5*1 & ! ,g]man4 ,?is "w _c be too highly e/eem$1 & assur$ly 0 n unkn[n to ! au?or ( ! "w ,du ,monde ,primitif4 ,a ,lat9 diction>y !n foll[s1 9 :i* e ^w corresponds ) "o or m ,arabic num]al figures arbitr>ily tak54 ,e numb] is assum$ z di/9ctive1 or d5ot+ ! same ^w 9 all languages2 & consequ5tly no?+ m is requir$ ?an to compose a diction>y = ea*1 simil> to t :i* he has giv5 = ! ,lat94 ,!re is likewise a table ( decl5sions & conjugations1 :i* pres5ts c]ta9 det]m9ate numb]s = all ! cases1 moods1 t5ses1 or p]sons4 ,by means ( ?is g5]al disposition1 :5 a ,fr5*man is desir\s ( writ+ to a ,g]man ! foll[+ phrase1 ,la gu]re e/ un gr& mal 7w> is a great evil71 he seeks 9 8 index1 gu]re1 tre1 gr&1 mal2 & he writes ! correspond5t numb]s1 #ac1 #cc1 #fg1 #fh4 ,! s5t5ce might be und]/ood by ^! f\r *>act]i/ic numb]s2 b1 to leave no room = ambiguity1 he says1 ,gu]re is ! nom9ative case1 & f9ds1 z ! *>act]i/ic ( ! nom9ative1 ! ,arabic figure #a4 ,e/ is ! ?ird p]son s+ul> ( ! indicative mood1 pres5t t5se1 ( :i* ! *>act]i/ic is #ae4 ,to gr&1 & to mal1 belong likewise ! figure #a1 = ! nom9ative case2 he w !re=e write #ac4a #cc4ae #fg4a #fh4a :]e ! numb]s are sep>at$ by small v]tical b>s to prev5t confusion4 ,x may easily be conceiv$ h[1 by ! inv]se me?od1 ! ,g]man w f9d 9 8 tables ! words d5ot$ by ! ciph]s1 :i* w =m ,d] krieg i/ e9 grosses uebel4 ,?is inv5tion ( ,be*]1 :i* is ! same ?+ ne>ly ) reg>d to language1 z algebra is to ari?metic1 is possess$ ( consid]able simplicity1 & ev5 a few h\rs practice w r5d] x easy4 ,a great v>iety ( attempts on ?is pr9ciple may be f\nd 9 ,/urmius1 ,essais d',expri5ces ,curieuses4 ,9 ! same ye>1 ,george ,dalg>u1 an ,engli%man1 publi%$ 9 ,london a "w ( :i* ! prolix title is suffici5t to %[ its object4 ,x runs ?us1 ,! ,art ( ,signs1 or an ,univ]sal ,"* & ,philosophical ,language1 by ,means ( :i*1 ,m5 ( ! mo/ diff]5t ,idioms may1 9 ! ,space ( two ,weeks1 le>n to communicate1 :e!r by ,^w ( ,m\? or by ,writ+1 all _! ,?\ghts1 z cle>ly z 9 _! ,"m ,tongue4 ,besides :i*1 "y ,p]sons may !re9 le>n ! ,pr9ciples ( ,philosophy1 & ! ,practice ( true ,logic1 m spe$ily & m readily ?an 9 ! ord9>y philosophic ,writ+s4 ,! book ( ,dalg>u is writt5 9 ,lat91 & ,beckman accuses him ( extreme p$antry4 ,8 *>act]s likewise 7 ciph]s4 ,joa*im ,frisi*ius1 pr(essor at ! ,gymnasium at ,riga1 0 employ$ on a simil> attempt1 8 object be+ to introduce a natural1 rational1 & univ]sal language1 ( :i* "s %eets pr9t$ at ,?orn 9 #afha conta9 ! only specim5 extant4 ,! dea? ( ! au?or int]rupt$ 8 lab\rs4 ,he purpos$ to call 8 new language ,ludovicean1 9 hon\r ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 "u ^: patronage he pursu$ 8 lab\rs2 a pr9ce ^: g5]osity 0 ext5d$ to ! le>n$ ( all c\ntries4 ,a?anasius ,kir*] also publi%$ a "w on ?is subject1 entitl$ ,a ,new & ,univ]sal ,polygraphia1 d$uc$ f ! ,art ( ,comb9ation1 & by means ( :i*1 says ,morh(f1 7,polyhi/or1 l4 ii4 c4 #e47 he :o und]/&s "o language only may correspond 9 writ+ ) all ! nations ( ! e>?4 ,x w\ld p]haps be unju/ to pass 9 sil5ce ! little-kn[n "w ( fa!r ,besni]1 a ,jesuit1 :o1 9 a book entitl$ ,la ,runion des ,langues1 ou l',art de les appr5dre t\tes p> une seule1 pr9t$ at ,p>is 9 #afgd1 has furni%$ _m important h9ts = ! cultivation ( ?is bran* ( language4 ,! mo/ rem>kable "w1 h[ev]1 :i* has be5 writt5 on ?is subject1 is t = :i* we are indebt$ to ,bi%op ,wilk9s1 ! bro!r-9-law ( ,cromwell3 x is entitl$1 ,an ,essay t[>ds a ,real ,"* & a ,philosophical ,language1 ,london1 #affh4 ,x is divid$ into f\r p>ts3 #a/1 ,consid]ations on ! v>i\s languages1 _! defects & imp]fections1 f :i* a philosophic language ought to be exempt4 #b;dly1 ,philosophical inquiries respect+ all ! ?+s & notions to :i* prop] names ought to be assign$4 #c;dly1 ,! organic sci5ce ( native gramm> consid]$ z ! necess>y means ( repres5t+ simple ideas 9 disc\rse4 #d?ly1 ,! application ( ! g5]al rules to e "* & language4 ,examples1 c4 ,?is concise outl9e suffici5tly %[s ! importance ( ! "w4 ,9 8 app5dix1 ! au?or expla9s ! utility ( a me?od ( writ+ )\t alphabetic *>act]s1 by means ( signs1 :i* are to be us$ to d5ote all ! pr9cipal ideas1 ! relative attributes be+ designat$ by small /rokes add$ at "r1 acute1 or obtuse angles1 to ! "r or left2 c4 ,( pr9cipal or *ief ideas he admits b =ty1 "u :i* he ranges all ! o!rs1 by t means =m+ a s]ies ( categories4 ,8 new language is calculat$ to af=d great facility ( compreh5sion1 & new op5+s to ! v>i\s processes ( sci5ce4 ,aft] s _m attempts1 m or less philosophical1 & ( diff]5t degrees ( p]fection1 ) o!rs probably ( :i* we "k no?+1 we mu/ n ov]look ! ef=ts ( ! celebrat$ ,leibnitz4 ,8 ,hi/ory & ,developm5t ( a ,*>act]i/ic ,univ]sal ,language is v g5]ally kn[n4 ,leibnitz consid]$ 8 univ]sal *>act]i/ic z ! art ( inv5t+ & judg+4 ,he /at$ 8 conviction t an alphabet might be =m$1 & ( ?is alphabet su* words z w\ld af=d a language capable ( giv+ ma!matical precision to all ! sci5ces4 ,m5 may ?us acquire1 says he1 z x 71 a new organ1 :i* w\ld add en]gy to _! moral faculties1 z ! microscopic l5s increases ! p[] ( ! eye4 ,! compass is n m highly valuable to ! navigator1 ?an ?is philosophical language w\ld be to him :o emb>ks on ! sea ( reason & exp]im5ts1 :i* is n[ s full ( dang]4 ,9 conclud+ ?is brief sket*1 x may be en\gh to notice ! +5i\s me?od ( ! ,abb de l',epe1 :o1 by means ( v>i\s ge/ures1 dictat$ to 8 v>i\s deaf & dumb pupils c]ta9 disc\rses1 :i* !y wrote ) equal read9ess 9 f\r languages4 ,no4 ,,xxxiii4 ,to write ) a ne$le & ?read1 :ite1 or any o!r col\r1 ^u :ite1 or any o!r col\r1 s t "o /it* %all significantly %[ any lett]1 & z readily & z easily %[ ! "o lett] z ! o!r1 & fit = any language4 ,,note4 ,vide ,article ,,lxxv4 ,no4 ,,xxxiv4 ,to write by a knott$ silk /r+1 s t e knot %all signify any lett]1 ) comma1 full-po9t1 or int]rogation2 & z legible z ) p5 & ink ^u :ite pap]4 ,,note4 ,?is v +5i\s mode ( secret writ+ is ! mo/ simple ( any sugge/$ by our au?or4 ,a silk /r+ ( consid]able l5g? hav+ be5 provid$1 x w be necess>y to furni% ! p]sons correspond+ ) a key or graduat$ gauge1 by means ( :i* ! writ+ w be r5d]$ intelligible4 ,hav+ procur$ a duplicate or correspond+ gauge x may !n be comm5c$1 #a_/af ( an in* be+ all[$ = ! fir/ lett]1 #a_/d = ! second1 #c_/h = ! ?ird1 & s on1 9 equal proportions1 ?r\gh ! :ole alphabet4 ,%\ld ?is arrangem5t be f\nd to ext5d ! l9e to an inconv5i5t l5g?1 x may be advisable to =m a c]ta9 numb] ( *anges on ?ree diff]5t l5g?s1 z 9 ,no4 ,,lii42 ?\gh ! =m] way is ! lea/ difficult4 ,no4 ,,xxxv4 ,! l by ! fr+e ( gloves4 ,,note4 ,! pr9ciple ( ?is & ! f\r foll[+ ,articles is ! same z ! prec$+1 ) ?is diff]5ce1 t 9 ! fir/1 ! lett]s1 or words1 are =m$ by knott+ ! fr+e1 to :i* ! gauge is aft]w>ds appli$2 9 ! second1 & mo/ desirable way1 ! beads are set to ! requir$ di/ance2 by ! ?ird1 ! gloves are pi]c$ or prick$ 9 r[s1 accord+ to ! divisions on ! gauge2 & by ! f\r? & fif?1 ! r[s ( p>allel holes 9 a sieve or lant]n are /opp$ at ! requir$ di/ances1 & ! gauge appli$ z be=e4 ,no4 ,,xxxvi4 ,by /r++ ( bracelets4 ,no4 ,,xxxvii4 ,by p9k$ gloves4 ,no4 ,,xxxviii4 ,by holes 9 ! bottom ( a sieve4 ,no4 ,,xxxix4 ,by a latt9 or c&le/ick lant]n4 ,no4 ,,xl4 ,by ! smell4 ,,note4 ,pegs ( s&al1 c$>1 & rose woods1 may be s v>i$1 t a p]son writ+ 9 ! d>k w1 by ! smell1 readily di/+ui% ! =mation ( words & s5t5ces4 ,no4 ,,xli4 ,by ! ta/e4 ,,note4 ,= writ+ by ! ta/e1 x w be necess>y to imm]se an equal numb] ( ! pegs or beads 9 weak solutions ( alum1 aloes1 common salt1 or any o!r liquid ^: ta/e is suffici5tly pung5t or aromatic1 to be di/+ui%$ :5 dry1 on apply+ ! tongue to !m = t purpose4 ,no4 ,,xlii4 ,by ! t\*4 ,by ^! ?ree s5ses1 z p]fectly1 di/9ctly1 & unconfus$ly1 yea1 z readily z by ! sight4 ,,note4 ,?is object may be readily atta9$ by ! use ( rais$ moveable types & ! heavy pressure ( an iron p5 or mallet4 ,a mode ( correspond+ by ! t\* has be5 sugge/$ by ,m4 ,hay1 & by ?is means ! bl9d h be5 fully in/ruct$1 n only 9 ! rudim5ts ( language1 b also 9 ! lib]al arts & sci5ces4 ,m4 ,hay's me?od ( prep>+ ! books1 c41 :i* is simple & easy ( atta9m5t1 is z foll[s3 :5 ! types h be5 arrang$ & fix$1 a page ( v /rong pap] is moi/5$1 s z to be capable ( receiv+ & reta9+ impressions1 & laid ^u ! types2 & !n by ! op]ation ( a press or hamm]1 frequ5tly repeat$ ov] ! surface1 ! impression ( ! type is made to rise on ! opposite side ( ! pap]2 & x cont9ues1 :5 dry1 n only obvi\s to ! sight1 b to ! t\*1 & is n easily effac$4 ,on ! upp] side ( ! pap]1 ! lett]s appe> 9 _! prop] position2 & by _! s5sible elevation above ! common surface1 ! bl9d may easily read !m ) _! f+]s4 ,= epi/ol>y correspond5ce x w be necess>y to moi/5 ! pap] & use a metal p54 ,no4 ,,xliii4 ,h[ to v>y ea* ( ^!1 s t t5 ?\s& may "k !m1 & yet keep ! und]/&+ "p f any b _! correspond5t4 ,,note4 ,?is may be effect$ by *ang+ ! ord] ( _! arrangem5t1 :i* c only be asc]ta9$ by a previ\s exam9ation ( a key *os5 = t purpose4 ,no4 ,,xliv4 ,to make a key ( a *amb] door1 :i* to y\r sight ha? its w>ds & rose-pipe b pap] ?ick1 & yet at pleasure1 9 a m9ute ( an h\r1 %all become a p]fect pi/ol1 capable to %oot ?r\gh a brea/plate1 commonly ( c>ab9e pro(1 ) prime1 p[d]1 & fire-lock1 undiscov]able 9 a /rang]'s h&4 ,,note4 ,! rose-pipe mu/ 9 ?is case be =m$ l ! slid+ tubes ( a telescope2 t next ! w>ds be+ furni%$ ) a screw at ! inn] & capable ( hold+ ! :ole ( !m toge!r4 ,a small quantity ( detonat+ p[d] be+ fir/ plac$ )91 ! pipe may be readily dis*>g$ by tight5+ ( ! screw4 ,no4 ,,xlv4 ,h[ to light a fire & a c&le1 at :at h\r ( ! night "o awake?1 )\t ris+ or putt+ "o's h& out ( b$4 ,& ! same ?+ to be a s]viceable pi/ol at pleasure2 yet1 by a /rang]1 n kn[+ ! secret1 seeme? b a dext]\s t9d]-box4 ,,note4 ,! pi/ol t9d]-box may readily be made to p]=m ! :ole ( :at is "h describ$4 ,a bell rope atta*$ to ! trigg] w suffice to elicit fire1 :i*1 communicat+ ) a quick-mat* or fusee1 w quickly ignite & produce ! requir$ light4 ,if ! fire is previ\sly prep>$ ) wood or "s o!r combu/ible mat]ial1 & a small quantity ( inflammable spirits spr9kl$ ov] x1 ! slighte/ sp>k w ?r[ ! :ole into a blaze4 ,= ! latt] qualification m5tion$ by ! noble au?or1 a pi/ol b>rel may easily be secret$ "u ! t9d]4 ,! inflammable air-lamp contriv$ by ,volta possesses simil> prop]ties3 a /ream ( hydrog5 gas be+ inflam$ by ! sp>k f an electrophorus4--,vide ,br&e's ,manual ( ,*emi/ry1 vol4 i4 p4 #bdj4 ,no4 ,,xlvi4 ,h[ to make an artificial bird to fly :i* way & z long z "o please?1 by or aga9/ ! w9d1 sometimes *irp+1 o!r times hov]+1 /ill t5d+ ! way x is design$ =4 ,,note4 ,9 ! ye> #ahaj1 two birds 7 exhibit$ at ! museum ( ! late ,mr4 ,m]l92 ^! p]=m$ ne>ly all ! evolutions describ$ by ! ,au?or3 ) ?is exception1 h[ev]1 t !y 7 support$ by f9e wires2 & a simil> bird 0 exhibit$ 9 ,london 9 ! ye> #aghf4--,vide #gg? ,art4 9 ! ,c5tury4 ,no4 ,,xlvii4 ,to make a ball ( any metal1 :i*1 ?r[n into a pool or pail ( wat]1 %all pres5tly rise f ! bottom1 & con/antly %[1 by ! sup]ficies ( ! wat]1 ! h\r ( ! day or night1 nev] ris+ m out ( ! wat] ?an j to ! m9ute x %[e? ( ea* qu>t] ( ! h\r2 & if by =ce kept "u wat]1 yet ! "t is n lo/1 b recov]$ z soon z x is p]mitt$ to rise to ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,,note4 ,a metal ball graduat$ on ! surface1 9 ! same mann] z ! index /em to an hydromet]1 ) a balance to pres]ve its equilibrium1 mu/ fir/ be exhau/$ ( air1 :i* be+ effect$1 ! wat] may be all[$ to ent] by a small ap]ture1 & x w gradually s9k till ! vessel is fill$3 ?is1 if ! ball is ab\t #ab in*es 9 diamet] & ! ap]ture ( a proportionate size1 w n take place 9 less ?an twelve h\rs4 ,no4 ,,xlviii4 ,a screw$ asc5t1 in/ead ( /airs1 ) fit l&+ places to ! be/ *amb]s ( ea* /ory1 ) back /airs )9 ! noel ( x1 conv5i5t = s]vants to pass up & d[n to ! inw>d rooms ( !m1 unse5 & private4 ,,note4 ,x is mo/ probable t ! ,m>quis "h alludes to ! geometrical /aircase n[ 9 su* g5]al use1 ) ! addition ( a small flight ( /airs 9 ! c5tre1 9 lieu ( ! common h&rail1 :i* be+ surr\nd$ by a p>tition ( bo>ds1 w\ld readily s]ve z a private communication ) ! upp] /ories3 suffici5t space be+ left betwe5 ! ceil+ & "u side ( ! pr9cipal /aircase to admit ( a passage to ! inn] rooms4 ,s9ce writ+ ! above1 ! ,editor has se5 a m explicit acc\nt ( ?is species ( /aircase4 ,x occurs 9 ,evel9's ,memoirs1 vol4 i4 page #ei1 & =ms "p ( t le>n$ & amus+ au?or's t\r ?r\gh ,france 9 #afdd4 ,! foll[+ is an extract4 ,quitt+ our b>ke1 we hir$ horses to ,blois1 by way ( ,*amb\rg1 a fam\s h\se ( ye ,k+'s1 built by ,francis ,i4 9 ! middle ( a solit>y p>ke1 full ( de]e2 ! enclosure is a wall4 ,i 0 p>ticul>ly desir\s ( see+ ?is palace1 f ! extravagance ( ! design1 especially ! /ayrecase1 m5tion$ by ,palladio4 ,x is said t #ahjj workm5 7 con/antly employ$ 9 ?is fabric = twelve ye>es2 if s1 x is wond]full t x 0 n f9i%'d1 x be+ no great] ?an div]s g5tlem5's h\ses 9 ,engl&1 bo? = roome or circuit4 ,! c>v+s are v ri* & full4 ,! /ayrecase is devis$ w? f\r entries or asc5ts1 :i* cross "o ano!r1 s t ?\gh f\r p]sons meete1 !y nev] come 9 sight1 b by small loope-holes1 till !y l&4 ,x consi/s ( #bgd /eps 7z ,i rememb]71 & is an extraord9>y worke1 b ( f> great] exp5se ?an use or beauty4 ,no4 ,,xlix4 ,a portable eng9e1 9 way ( a tobacco-tongs1 :]eby a man may get ov] a wall1 or get up aga91 be+ come d[n1 f9d+ ! coa/ prove? insecure = him4 ,,note4 ,x is n v easy to discov] to :at ! noble au?or "h alludes3 if by tobacco-tongs1 he means a comb9ation ( lev]s su* z is us$ by g>d5]s1 to ga!r *oice fruit or lop ! upp] b\ghs ( trees1 ! mode ( apply+ !m is extremely easy4 ,a numb] ( %ort pieces ( brass1 jo9t$ toge!r1 & made to resemble a r[ ( trellis "w1 may1 by di/5d+ ! jo9ts 9 an horizontal direction1 be made to g 9 ! smalle/ compass2 & aga91 by clos+ ! arms1 ! ma*9e w be elevat$4 ,an +5i\s me*anic has con/ruct$ a fire-escape ^u ?is pr9ciple1 ( :i* a model is pres]v$ 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,society = ! ,enc\ragem5t ( ,arts1 c4 ,no4 ,l4 ,a complete light portable ladd]1 :i* tak5 out ( "o's pocket1 may be by himself fa/5$ an hundr$ feet high to get up by f ! gr\nd4 ,,note4 ,a numb] ( light brass tubes1 ea* hav+ a socket to receive ! end ( ! prec$+ jo9t1 may be rais$ to any giv5 height1 & ) ! assi/ance ( small loops ( cord w fully answ] ! purpose "h describ$4 ,x w be necess>y to h a small /ud at "o end ( ea* jo9t1 ) a n>r[ slit at ! end ( ! foll[+ tube to receive x1 :i* be+ c>ri$ on 9 a "r angle = ab\t twice its wid?1 w on be+ turn$ r\nd s]ve z a key to prev5t ! jo9ts sep>at+4 ,no4 ,,li4 ,a rule ( gradation1 :i*1 ) ease & me?od1 r$uce? all ?+s to a private correspond5ce1 mo/ useful = secret intellig5ce4 ,,note4 ,vide ,article ,v4 ,no4 ,,lii4 ,h[ to signify words1 & a p]fect disc\rse1 by jangl+ ( bells ( any p>i% *ur*1 or by any musical in/rum5t )9 he>+1 9 a seem+ way ( tun+ x1 or ( an unskilful beg9n]4 ,,note4 ,by v>y+ ! ord] ( arrangem5t1 ! :ole alphabet may readily be rung on ?ree bells2 & ^!1 be+ =m$ into s5t5ces by %ort pauses betwe5 ea* ^w1 w fully s]ve = di/ant conv]sation4 ,= musical in/rum5ts1 x is m]ely *ang+ keys = bells1 & ! same purpose may be answ]$ )\t ! tr\ble ( =m+ *anges ^u s small a numb] ( fix$ tones4 ,a table is subjo9$1 by ! use ( :i* a comb9ation ( ?ree bells is made to express ! :ole alphabet3 ,a repres5t$ by #aaa ,b #aab ,c #aac ,d #aba ,e #abb ,f #abc ,g #aca ,h #acb ,i #acc ,k #baa ,l #bab ,m #bac ,n #bba ,o #bbb ,p #bbc ,q #bca ,r #bcb ,s #bcc ,t #caa ,v #cab ,u #cac ,w #cba ,x #cbb ,y #cbc ,z #ccc ,no4 ,,liii4 ,a way h[ to make holl[ & cov] a wat]-screw1 z big & z long z "o please?1 9 an easy & *eap way4 ,,note4 ,a lea!rn wat]-pipe1 su* z is us$ by ! firem51 be+ nail$ 9 a spiral =m r\nd a long circul> pole1 is ! *eape/ & mo/ simple me?od yet discov]$ ( mak+ ! ,ar*im$ean screw4 ,no4 ,,liv4 ,h[ to make a wat]-screw tight1 & yet transp>5t1 & free f break+2 b s cle>1 t "o may palpably see ! wat]1 or any heavy ?+1 h[ & :y x is m\nt$ by turn+4 ,,note4 ,?is may be readily effect$ ei!r by mak+ a co>se screw 9 ! usual mann]1 & cov]+ x ) horn1 or by fitt+ a spiral tube ( glass on a wood5 cyl9d]1 & fill+ up ! int]/ices ) wax or any h>d cem5t s z to project beyond ! glass tube3 ?is appe>s ! mo/ eligible me?od1 ?\gh ! =m] is ! mo/ economical4 ,m4 ,a4 ,ro*on has likewise propos$ a mo/ +5i\s sub/itute = ! use ( horn 9 ! con/ruction ( ! ,ar*im$ean screw1 & o!r hydraulic in/rum5ts4 ,x is =m$ 7l ! safety lamp ( ,sir ,h4 ,davy7 ( a co>se wire gauze :i*1 on be+ imm]s$ 9 pure fi%-glue or size1 =ms :5 v>ni%$ a *eap & durable sub/itute = ! use ( glass4 ,no4 ,,lv4 ,a d\ble wat]-screw1 ! inn]mo/ to m\nt ! wat]1 & ! out]mo/ = x to desc5d m 9 numb] ( ?reads1 & consequ5tly 9 quantity ( wat]1 ?\gh mu* %ort] ?an ! inn]mo/ screw1 by :i* ! wat] asc5de?1 a mo/ extraord9>y help = ! turn+ ( ! screw to make ! wat] rise4 ,,note4 ,?is appe>s "o ( ^? extraord9>y slight ( h& discov]ies 9 :i* ! noble au?or is too apt to indulge2 & ?\gh we may readily admit t two wat]-screws may be mo/ advantage\sly employ$ 9 turn+ ( any wat]-:eel1 :]e an abundant supply is f\nd at ! top ( ! ma*9e1 x yet requires a great] %>e ( p5etration ?an we *oose to take cr$it =1 to discov] h[ a l>g] quantity ( wat] c desc5d ?an has be5 previ\sly rais$1 or1 if s1 h[ ! ma*9e c\ld be at all appli$ to ! rais+ ( wat]4 ,no4 ,,lvi4 ,to provide & make1 t all ! weights ( ! desc5d+ side ( a :eel %all be p]petually f>!r f ! c5tre ?an ^? ( ! m\nt+ side1 & yet equal 9 numb] & heft ( ! "o side z ! o!r4 ,a mo/ incr$ible ?+1 if n se51 b tri$ be=e ! late k+ ( happy & glori\s memory1 9 ! ,t[]1 by my directions2 two extraord9>y ambassadors accompany+ 8 ,maje/y1 & ! ,duke ( ,ri*mond1 & ,duke ,hamilton1 ) mo/ ( ! c\rt att5d+ him4 ,! :eel 0 f\rte5 feet ov]1 & =ty weights ( fifty p\nds a-piece4 ,sir ,william ,bel=d1 !n ,lieut5ant ( ! ,t[]1 c te/ify x1 ) sev]al o!rs4 ,!y all saw1 t no soon] ^! great weights pass$ ! diamet] l9e ( ! upp] side1 b !y hung a foot f>!r f ! c5tre2 nor no soon] pass$ ! diamet] l9e ( ! l[] side1 b !y hung a foot ne>]4 ,be pleas$ to judge ! consequ5ce4 ,,note4 ,! celebrat$ problem ( a self-impell+ p[]1 ?\gh d5i$ by ,huyg5s & de la ,hire1 :o h attempt$ to demon/rate its fallacy1 has yet be5 support$ by "s ( ! mo/ celebrat$ among ! anci5t z well z mod]n philosoph]s4 ,innum]able h be5 ! ma*9es to :i* ! idea ( ! p]petual motion has giv5 bir?2 b ! mo/ celebrat$ among ! mod]ns is ! ,orffyrean :eel4 ,?is ma*9e1 accord+ to ! description giv5 ( x by ,m4 ,grves&e1 9 8 uvres ,philosophiques1 consi/$ ( a l>ge circul> :eel or drum1 twelve feet 9 diamet]1 & f\rte5 in*es 9 dep?4 ,x 0 compos$ ( a numb] ( ?9 deals1 ! spaces betwe5 :i* 7 cov]$ ) wax clo?1 9 ord] to conceal ! int]ior p>ts ( x4 ,on giv+ ! :eel1 :i* re/$ on ! two extremities ( an iron axis1 a slight impulse 9 ei!r direction1 its motion 0 gradually accel]at$2 s t aft] two or ?ree revolutions x is said to h acquir$ s great a velocity z to make tw5ty-five or m turns 9 a m9ute3 & x appe>s to h pres]v$ ?is rapid motion = ! space ( two mon?s1 dur+ :i* "t ! ,l&grave ( ,hesse1 9 ^: *amb] x 0 plac$ to prev5t a possibility ( collusion1 kept 8 own seal on ! out] door4 ,at ! end ( t "t x 0 /opp$ to prev5t ! we> ( ! mat]ials4 ,grves&e1 :o _h be5 an eye-witness to ! p]=mance ( ?is ma*9e1 exam9$ all ! ext]nal p>ts ( x1 & 0 conv9c$ t !re c\ld n be any communication betwe5 x & ! adjac5t rooms4 ,orffyreus1 h[ev]1 hav+ be5 in=m$ ( ! ill-tim$ curiosity ( ! pr(essor1 & inc5s$ at ! refusal ( a premium ( tw5ty ?\s& p\nds1 :i* he _h made a s9e qu non = disclos+ ! me*anism ( its con/ruction1 broke ! :ole app>atus into atoms1 & 8 life 0 soon aft] sacrific$ to *agr9 at 8 disappo9tm5t4 ,! analogy betwe5 ! ,m>quis's description & ! ,orffyrean :eel is suffici5tly evid5t2 & ! exp]im5t hav+ be5 made 9 ! ,t[]1 m ?an fifty ye>s prior to ! attempt ( ! ,g]man me*anic1 x is m ?an probable t ! idea 0 d]iv$ f ! noble au?or's "w4 ,no4 ,,lvii4 ,an ebb+ & fl[+ wat]-"w 9 two vessels1 into ei!r ( :i*1 ! wat] /&+ at a level1 if a globe be ca/ 91 in/ead ( ris+1 x pres5tly ebbe?1 & s rema9e?1 until a l globe be ca/ into ! o!r vessel1 :i* ! wat] is no soon] s5sible (1 b t ! vessel pres5tly ebbe?1 & ! o!r fl[e?1 & s cont9ue? ebb+ & fl[+1 until "o or bo? ! globes be tak5 out1 work+ "s little effect besides its own motion1 )\t ! help ( any man )9 sight or he>+3 b if ei!r ( ! globes be tak5 out1 ) ev] s swift or easy a motion1 at t in/ant ! ebb+ & fl[+ cease?2 = if1 dur+ ! ebb+1 y take out ! globe1 ! wat] ( t vessel pres5tly returne? to fl[1 & nev] ebbe? aft]1 until ! globe be return$ into x1 & !n ! motion beg9ne? z be=e4 ,,note4 ,?is inv5tion1 :i* is evid5tly m a matt] ( curiosity ?an ( real utility1 is no d\bt effect$ ^u ! pr9ciple ( an ebb+ & fl[+ spr+2 ! ?r[+ 9 ( ! ball1 by caus+ a comm5surate rise ( ! wat]1 fills a syphon1 & sets ! wat]-"w 9 motion1 b z ! effect ( ?is w\ld cease aft] ! two vessels atta9$ an equilibrium1 ! ma*9e mu/ be assi/$ by a mov+ p[] atta*$ to "o or bo? ( ! vessels1 z ! ,m>quis m]ely says1 t x may be p]=m$ )\t ! help ( any man )9 sight or he>+4 ,no4 ,,lviii4 ,h[ to make a pi/ol to dis*>ge a doz5 times ) "o load+1 & )\t s mu* z once new prim+ requisite2 or to *ange x out ( "o h& into ! o!r1 or /op "o's horse4 ,,note4 ,an att5tive exam9ation ( ?is & ! subsequ5t articles has sugge/$ :at appe>s an improvem5t ( consid]able importance 9 ! pr9ciple ( mod]n fire-arms4 ,! exp5se att5dant on ! manufacture ( d\ble b>rell$ guns1 & ! inconv5i5ce :i* arises f _! additional weight1 h hi!rto prev5t$ _! com+ into g5]al use1 ?\gh _! utility 9 ! field is v g5]ally all[$4 ,an economical gun unit+ all ! advantages ( ! "o1 ) ! lightness & portability ( ! o!r1 mu/ !re=e be consid]$ z a desid]atum ( ! fir/ importance4 ,to effect ?is1 a common gun b>rel mu/ be pi]c$ ) ! requir$ numb] ( t\*holes1 at a suffici5t di/ance to all[ ( an equal numb] ( *>ges4 ,a detonat+ magaz9e gunlock may !n be made to slide on ! l[] "p ( ! b>rel1 ) a p>allel rat*et & click to fix precisely opposite ! t\*hole to be inflam$4 ,! gun mu/ !n be load$ by a graduat$ ramrod1 ! p[d] ( ea* *>ge be+ br\ght opposite its prop] t\*hole4 ,aft] ! fir/ dis*>ge1 ! cock mu/ be mov$ back "o too? ( ! rat*et1 & ?is motion cont9u$ till ! :ole are explod$1 ea* hole be+ cov]$ successively by a plate atta*$ to ! lock4 ,no4 #fj is evid5tly p]=m$ by fill+ a cyl9drical flask1 made ! same size z ! b>rel1 ) ! requir$ numb] ( *>ges & aft]w>ds =c+ ! :ole ( !m into ! b>rel4 ,nos4 #fa & #fg may be p]=m$ by fill+ a flask previ\sly made to fit ! bree* ( ! musket1 & =c+ =w>d ea* successive *>ge by a screw or lev]1 9 ! same mann] z ! *>g+ is effect$ 9 a magaz9e air-gun4 ,no4 ,,lix4 ,ano!r way1 z fa/ & effectual1 b m prop] = c>ab9es4 ,vide ,article ,,lviii4 ,no4 ,,lx4 ,a way1 ) a flask appropriat$ unto x1 :i* w furni% ei!r pi/ol or c>ab9e ) a doz5 *>ges 9 ?ree m9utes' "t1 to d ! :ole execution ( a doz5 %ots1 z soon z "o please?1 proportionably4 ,vide ,article ,,lviii4 ,no4 ,,lxi4 ,a ?ird way1 & p>ticul>ly = muskets1 )\t tak+ !m f _! re/s to *>ge or prime1 to a l execution1 & z fa/ z ! flask1 ! musket conta9+ b "o *>ge at a "t4 ,vide ,article ,,lviii4 ,no4 ,,lxii4 ,a way = a h>quebuss1 a crock1 or %ip musket1 six ^u a c>riage1 %oot+ ) su* exp$ition1 z1 )\t dang]1 "o may *>ge1 level1 & dis*>ge !m sixty times 9 a m9ute ( an h\r1 two or ?ree toge!r4 ,vide ,article ,,lviii4 ,no4 ,,lxiii4 ,a six? way1 mo/ excell5t = sak]s1 diff]+ f ! o!r1 yet z swift4 ,vide ,article ,,lviii4 ,no4 ,,lxiv4 ,a sev5?1 tri$ & approv$ be=e ! late k+ 7( ev] bless$ memory71 & an hundr$ lords & commons1 9 a cannon ( eight in*es & half a qu>t]1 to %oot bullets ( sixty-f\r p\nds weight1 & tw5ty-f\r p\nds ( p[d]1 tw5ty times 9 six m9utes2 s cle> f dang]1 t1 aft] all 7 dis*>g$1 a p\nd ( butt] did n melt1 be+ laid ^u ! cannon brit*1 nor ! gre5 oil discol\r$ t 0 fir/ ano9t$ & us$ betwe5 ! b>rel !re(1 & ! eng9e hav+ nev] 9 x1 nor )9 six foot1 b "o *>ge at a "t4 ,vide ,article ,,xxix4 ,no4 ,,lxv4 ,a way t "o man1 9 ! cab91 may gov]n a :ole side ( %ip muskets1 to ! numb] 7if ne$ require7 ( two or ?ree ?\s& %ots4 ,,note4 ,! plan ( ?is & ! foll[+ ,articles1 ?\gh n ( mu* practical utility1 may yet be act$ ^u ) a c]ta9ty ( success4 ,! p[d] may be ignit$ by ! means ( a p[]ful electrify+ ma*9e made to communicate ) ea* sep>ate piece1 & ! *>g+ mu/ be p]=m$ by conduct+ wires or rods made to act ^u ! magaz9e lev] describ$ 9 ,article ,,lviii4 ,s9ce writ+ ! above1 an article has appe>$ on ! subject 9 "o ( ! ,fr5* ,j\rnals1 ( :i* ! foll[+ is a translation3 ,at two o'clock 9 ! aft]noon ,m4 ,b\*e made an exp]im5t 9 ! ,j>d9 des ,plantes at ,p>is1 to try ! effect ( electricity appli$ to gun batt]ies4 ,in/ead ( guns he _h fix$ ab\t "o hundr$ rockets on long /icks1 dispos$ 9 ! g>d54 ,! rockets 7 all connect$ by an iron wire1 & ! same sp>k produc$ a spontane\s explosion4 ,! conc\rse ( p 0 v great1 ! wea!r be+ rem>kably f9e4 ,?is new inv5tion is n int5d$ to increase ! de/ructive p[]s ( ^? =midable weapons2 b x is expect$ to af=d ! means ( us+ !m )\t expos+ gunn]s to ! fire ( ! enemy4 ,no4 ,,lxvi4 ,a way1 t aga9/ ! sev]al av5ues to a =t or ca/le1 "o man may *>ge fifty cannons1 play+ & /opp+ :5 he please?1 ?\gh out ( sight ( ! cannon4 ,vide la/ ,article4 ,no4 ,,lxvii4 ,a r>e way likewise = muskettoons1 fa/5$ to ! pommel ( ! saddle1 s t a common troop] _c miss to *>ge !m1 ) tw5ty or ?irty bullets at a "t1 ev5 9 full c>e]4 ,,note ,,by ,,! ,,au?or4 ,:5 fir/ ,i gave my ?\ghts to make guns %oot (t51 ,i ?\ght !re _h be5 b "o only exquisite way inv5tible2 yet1 by sev]al trials1 & mu* *>ge1 ,i h p]fectly tri$ all ^!4 ,no4 ,,lxviii4 ,an admirable & mo/ =cible way to drive up wat] by fire1 n by draw+ or suck+ x upw>ds1 = t mu/ be1 z ! philosoph] calle? x1 infra sphram activitatis1 :i* is b at su* a di/ance4 ,b ?is way ha? no b\nd]1 if ! vessels be /rong en\gh2 =1 ,i h tak5 a piece ( a :ole cannon1 :]e( ! end 0 bur/1 & fill$ x ?ree-qu>t]s full1 /opp+ & screw+ up ! brok5 end1 z also ! t\*hole2 & mak+ a con/ant fire "u x1 )9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs x bur/ & made a great crack3 s t hav+ f\nd a way to make my vessels1 s t !y are /r5g!n$ by ! =ce )9 !m1 & ! "o to fill aft] ! o!r1 h se5 ! wat] run l a con/ant f\nta9 /ream1 =ty feet high2 "o vessel ( wat]1 r>efi$ by fire1 drive? up =ty ( cold wat]3 & a man t t5ds ! "w is b to turn two cocks1 t "o vessel ( wat] be+ consum$1 ano!r beg9s to =ce & refill ) cold wat]1 & s successively1 ! fire be+ t5d$ & kept con/ant1 :i* ! self-same p]son may likewise abundantly p]=m 9 ! int]im betwe5 ! necessity ( turn+ ! said cocks4 ,,note4 ,vide ,article ,c41 to :i* is prefix$ a brief hi/orical & descriptive acc\nt ( t /up5d\s ma*9e1 ! ,/eam-eng9e4 ,no4 ,,lxix4 ,a way h[ a little triangle & screw$ key %all be capable & /rong en\gh to bolt & unbolt1 r\nd ab\t a great *e/1 an hundr$ bolts ?r\gh fifty /aples1 two 9 ea*1 ) a direct contr>y motion1 & z _m m f bo? sides & ends1 & at ! self-same "t %all fa/5 x to ! place1 beyond a man's natural /r5g? to take x away2 &1 9 "o & ! same turn1 bo? locke? & op5e? x4 ,,note4 ,?is inv5tion1 ) its two foll[+ modifications1 is evid5tly int5d$ to op]ate on ! pr9ciple ( apply+ a screw = ! purpose ( =c+ ! lock bolt1 9 lieu ( us+ ! h&le ( ! key z a lev] = t purpose4 ,t ?is plan might be appli$ to locks g5]ally1 !re c be no d\bt1 & by a simil> contrivance ! l>ge keys at pres5t 9 use = out] doors1 iron *e/s1 c4 might be advantage\sly r$uc$ to ! size describ$ by ! noble au?or4 ,by employ+ ! escut*eon m5tion$ 9 ,no4 ,,lxxii4 ^! locks w\ld be equally safe & mu* m simple ?an ^? 9 common use4 ,= ! latt] "p ( ! ,article1 any +5i\s smi? may make a lock ) an hundr$ bolts2 & to fa/5 x to ! place1 ! p[] ( a screw key is abundantly suffici5t to =ce an iron b> ?r\gh a /aple previ\sly fix$ 9 ! floor4 ,no4 ,,lxx4 ,a key1 ) a rose-turn+ pipe1 & two roses pi]c$ ?r\gh endwise2 toge!r ) sev]al h&somely contriv$ w>ds1 :i* may likewise d ! same effects4 ,no4 ,,lxxi4 ,a key1 p]fectly squ>e1 ) a screw turn+ )9 x1 & m conceit$ ?an ei!r ( ! re/1 & no heavi] ?an ! triangle screw$ key1 & do? ! same effects4 ,no4 ,,lxxii4 ,an escut*eon1 to be plac$ be=e any ( ^! locks ) ^! prop]ties4 #a4 ,! own] 7?\gh a woman7 may1 ) h] delicate h&1 v>y ! ways ( com+ to op5 ! lock t5 millions ( times1 beyond ! k ( ! smi? t made x1 or ( me :o inv5t$ x4 #b4 ,if a /rang] op5 x1 x sette? an al>m a go+1 :i* ! /rang] _c /op f runn+ out2 &1 besides1 ?\gh none %\ld be )9 he>+1 yet x cat*e? 8 h&1 z a trap do? a fox2 & ?\gh f> f maim+ him1 yet x leave? su* a m>k beh9d x1 z w discov] him if suspect$2 ! escut*eon1 or lock1 pla9ly %ew+ :at money he ha? tak5 out ( ! box1 to a f>?+1 & h[ _m times op5$ s9ce ! own] _h be5 at x4 ,,note4 ,! two pr9cipal prop]ties ( ?is escut*eon may be readily contriv$2 & ! fir/ ( !m has1 9 fact1 be5 already appli$ to a v +5i\s padlock1 inv5t$ by ,mr4 ,m>%all1 & = :i* ! ,society ( ,arts vot$ him a rew>d ( t5 gu9eas4 ,9 ,mr4 ,m4's escut*eon ! lett]s or figures commonly us$ 9 ! r+ padlock all[ an almo/ endless v>iety ( *anges1 & ! own] may 9 "o m9ute alt] ! arrangem5t 9 su* a mann] t ev5 ! mak] w\ld exp]i5ce z mu* difficulty to op5 x1 z an entire /rang] to its con/ruction4 ,to r5d] ! comb9ation ( lett]s v>iable1 ! *>act]s mu/ n be engrav$ ^u ! outside ( ! roll]s !mselves1 b ^u a ?9 brass hoop made to fit on its out] surface2 & a spr+ fa/5$ to ! roll]1 & press+ ^u ! inside ( ! hoop1 w cause a suffici5t degree ( friction to make !m move toge!r4 ,! o!r "p ( ?is inv5tion is equally simple ) ! prec$+4 ,an al>um1 su* z is atta*$ to a clock1 may easily be w\nd up prior to clos+ ! box2 & ! lid provid$ ) a *amf]$ bolt or /aple1 capable ( effect+ its dis*>ge :5 ! box is op5$4 ,to regi/] ! am\nt ( money tak5 f ! box1 x w be necess>y ei!r to place ea* di/9ct piece ( money 9 sep>ate divisions1 or to put a numb] toge!r 9 "o deep recess capable ( admitt+ b "o piece to pass at a "t4 ,z ! pieces are %ak5 out1 !y w 9 _! passage raise a lev] capable ( mov+ a :eel "o division 9 ! passage ( ea* piece4 ,! ,bank ( ,engl& h a me?od some:at simil> = regi/]+ ! numb] ( notes work$ f ! pr9t+ press ( t e/abli%m5t4 ,no4 ,,lxxiii4 ,a transmittable gall]y ov] any dit* or brea* 9 a t[n-wall1 ) a bl9d & p>apet1 cannon pro(4 ,no4 ,,lxxiv4 ,a door1 :]e( ! turn+ ( a key1 ) ! help & motion ( ! h&le1 makes ! h+es to be ( ei!r side1 & to op5 ei!r inw>d or outw>d1 z "o is to ent] or to g out1 or to op5 9 half4 ,,note4 ,by mak+ ! h&le act on a lev] communicat+ ) ! h+es1 !y may be rais$ f _! sockets on ! requir$ side2 & to op5 9 half1 x is m]ely necess>y to jo9t !m 9 ! c5tre4 ,no4 ,,lxxv4 ,h[ a tape or rib&-weav] may set d[n a :ole disc\rse1 )\t kn[+ a lett]1 or int]weav+ any ?+ suspici\s ( o!r secret ?an a new-fa%ion$ rib&4 ,,note4 ,! evid5t analogy betwe5 ?is ,article & ,no4 ,,xxxiii4 w be app>5t on ! slighte/ view1 & 9 g5]al pr9ciple x is simil> to ,nos4 ,,xxxiv4 ,,xxxv41 c4 ,x may be p]=m$ ei!r by mak+ ! /it*es ( a giv5 l5g?1 v>y+ ! di/ance to di/+ui% ! diff]5t lett]s ( ! alphabet2 or1 by any arbitr>y %ape :i* may be previ\sly agre$ ^u by ! p>ties correspond+4 ,^! arrangem5ts be+ made1 ! silk weav] w h no?+ m to d1 ?an set 8 loom to ! requir$ patt]n4 ,no4 ,,lxxvi4 ,h[ to write 9 ! d>k1 z /raight z by day or c&le-light4 ,,note4 ,two planes ( ebony ( equal l5g? & bread?1 simil> to ! p>allel rul]1 & jo9$ at ea* end by racks1 ! side ( :i* be+ graduat$ to ! wid? ( ! l9e int5d$ w s]ve z a c]ta9 guide1 & by ! use ( ?is in/rum5t a bl9d p]son may write ) ! greate/ accuracy4 ,if ivory tablets or a slate is us$1 a f9e wire drawn ) a /eel po9t may be readily felt by ! po9t ( ! p5cil4 ,no4 ,,lxxvii4 ,h[ to make a man to fly3 :i* ,i h tri$ ) a little boy ( t5 ye>s old1 9 a b>n1 f "o end to ! o!r1 on a hay-m[4 ,,note4 ,innum]able are ! s*emes t h be5 propos$ by ! le>n$ at diff]5t p]iods1 to enable man to support himself 9 ! air by ! means ( artificial w+s1 c4 & "s1 inde$1 ( ^! +5i\s contrivances h =m$ ! lab\rs ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ me*anical g5iuses1 :i* are record$ 9 ! e>ly annals ( sci5ce4 ,bacon1 & an ,italian prie/ nam$ ,francisco ,lana1 endeav\r$ to accompli% x by means ( two ?9 holl[ globes1 exhau/$ ( air1 :i* be+ consid]ably light] ?an t fluid1 7 int5d$ to su/a9 a *air susp5d$ to _! l[] extremity1 & on :i* ! a]onaut might be seat$4 ,b ,dr4 ,hook1 9 a "w publi%$ "s "t aft] ! ,prodromo ( ,lana1 pla9ly %[$ ! fallacy ( ! attempt1 ?\gh )\t 9 ! lea/ attempt+ to d5y ! possibility ( ev5tually effect+ ?is object4 ,bi%op ,wilk9s1 :o 0 also a disciple ( ! fly+ sy/em1 describes a species ( l&-sail+ vessels or *>iots1 :i* 7 !n commonly us$ 9 ,*9a3 & x is r a curi\s fact t a ,g]man ,c\nt1 possess+ z mu* ( mode/y z ! g5]ality ( =eign me*anics1 has lately giv5 to ! public1 z 8 own1 an inv5tion :i* has be5 kn[n 9 ,europe1 & occasionally employ$ 9 ,asia1 = ! la/ f\r hundr$ ye>s4 ,b ( all ! plans t h hi!rto be5 devis$1 ^? only :i* h me*anic p[] z _! basis appe> to h any *ance ( success4 ,?is may be consid]$ z an un]r+ datum to guide ! future exp]im5tali/1 ! c]ta9ty ( :i* is fully demon/rat$ by a comp>ison ( ! p[]s ( ! human frame ) ^? ( ! fea!r$ tribe3 = x has be5 calculat$ by an +5i\s anatomi/1 t ! muscles :i* move ! w+s d[nw>ds 9 a bird 9 _m in/ances1 con/itute n less ?an ! six? "p ( ! weight ( ! :ole body2 :ile ^? ( a man are n "o hundr$? "p s l>ge4 ,by ! use ( spr+s1 h[ev]1 w\nd to a c]ta9 degree ( t5sion1 prior to emb>k+ ^u ! int5d$ exp$ition1 & act+ ^u cranks work+ ! w+s1 ! same p[] z t possess$ by ! fea!r$ race may be obta9$1 & ! spr+s may be readily made to draw m ?an fifty times _! weight4 ,by ?is means a :alebone1 or o!r light c>riage1 may be rais$1 ?\gh x w\ld be b = a %ort "t1 z x w\ld n be 9 ! p[] ( ! aronaut to w9d ! spr+s s quick z ! ma*9e w\ld require4 ,f ?is1 !n1 x w be se5 t1 to produce ! effect necess>y = ?is species ( navigation1 x is only requisite to h a fir/ mov]1 :i* w produce m p[]1 9 a giv5 "t1 9 proportion to its weight1 ?an ! animal sy/em ( muscles4 ,high pressure /eam-eng9es h be5 made to op]ate by expansion only1 & !y1 x appe>s1 might be con/ruct$ s z to be light en\gh = ?is purpose4 ,9 t case1 h[ev]1 x w be evid5t t ! usual plan ( a l>ge boil] mu/ be giv5 up1 & ! pr9ciple ( inject+ a prop] *>ge ( wat] into a s]ies ( tubes1 =m+ ! cavity ( ! fire1 mu/ be adopt$ 9 lieu ( x4 ,! foll[+ e/imate w %[ ! probable weight ( su* an eng9e ) its *>ge = "o h\r4 lbs4 ,! eng9e itself1 f #ij to #ajj ,weight ( inflam$ coals 9 a cavity pres5t+ ab\t #d feet #be surface ( tube ,supply ( coal = #a h\r #f ,wat] = ditto1 all[+ /eam ( "o atmosph]e to be #a_/ahjj #cb ! specific gravity ( wat] --- #afc --- ,x may at fir/ view appe> sup]flu\s to inquire fur!r relative to a fir/ mov] = arial navigation2 b lightness is ( s mu* value 9 ?is in/ance1 t x is prop] to notice ! probability t exi/s ( us+ ! expansion ( air by ! sudd5 combu/ion ( inflammable p[d]s or fluids ) great advantage4 ,! ,fr5* h exp]im5tally %[n ! great p[] produc$ by ignit+ inflammable fluids 9 close vessels2 & sev]al ye>s ago1 an eng9e 0 made 9 ?is c\ntry to "w 9 a simil> mann]1 by ! inflammation ( _s ( t>4 ,x appe>s t eighty drops ( ?is fluid rais$ eight hundr$ weight to ! height ( #bb in*es2 h5ce a "o-horse p[] may consume f #aj to #ab p\nds p] h\r1 & ! eng9e itself ne$ n exce$ #ej p\nds weight4 ,probably a mu* *eap] eng9e ( ?is sort might be produc$ by gas-light app>atus1 & by fir+ ! inflammable air g5]at$1 ) a due portion ( common air1 "u a pi/on4 ,^u "s ( ^! pr9ciples x is p]fectly cle> t =ce c be obta9$ by a mu* light] app>atus ?an ! muscles ( animals or birds1 & !re=e 9 su* proportion may arial vehicles be load$ ) inactive matt]4 ,ev5 ! high pressure /eam-eng9e do+ ! "w ( six m51 & only weigh+ equal to "o1 w readily raise five m5 into ! air1 b by increas+ ! magnitude ( ! eng9e t51 fifty2 or ev5 five hundr$ m5 may equally well be convey$4 ,hav+ r5d]$ ! accompli%m5t ( ?is object probable ^u ! g5]al view ( ! subject1 x w n[ be necess>y to po9t out ! pr9ciples ( ! art itself4 ,! :ole problem is conf9$ )9 ^! limits1 viz4 ,to make a surface support a giv5 weight by ! application ( p[] to ! resi/ance ( ! surr\nd+ atmosph]e4 ,_m exp]im5ts h be5 made ^u ! direct resi/ance ( air by ,mr4 ,rob9s1 ,mr4 ,r\se1 ,mr4 ,edgewor?1 ,mr4 ,smeaton1 & o!rs4 ,! result ( ,mr4 ,smeaton's exp]im5ts & obs]vations 01 t a surface ( "o squ>e foot met ) a resi/ance ( "o p\nd1 :5 x travell$ p]p5dicul>ly to itself ?r\gh air at a velocity ( #ba feet p] second4 ,hav+ asc]ta9$ ?is po9t1 _h our tables ( angul> resi/ance be5 complete1 ! size ( ! surface necess>y = any giv5 weight w\ld easily h be5 det]m9$4 ,!ory1 :i* gives ! resi/ance ( a surface oppos$ to ! same curr5t 9 diff]5t angles1 to be z ! squ>es ( ! s9e ( ! angle ( incid5ce1 is ( no use 9 ?is case2 z x appe>s1 f ! exp]im5ts ( ! ,fr5* ,academy1 t 9 acute angles1 ! resi/ance v>ies mu* m ne>ly to ! direct ratio ( ! s9es1 ?an z ! squ>es ( ! s9es ( ! angles ( incid5ce4 ,! flight ( birds w prove to an att5tive obs]v]1 t1 ) a concave w+ app>5tly p>allel to ! horizontal pa? ( ! bird1 ! same support1 & ( c\rse resi/ance1 is obta9$4 ,& h5ce x appe>s t1 "u extremely acute angles ) concave surfaces1 ! resi/ance is ne>ly simil> 9 !m all4 ,six degrees 0 ! mo/ acute angle1 ! resi/ance ( :i* 0 det]m9$ by ! valuable exp]im5ts ( ! ,fr5* ,academy2 & x gave #d_/aj ( ! resi/ance1 :i* ! same surface w\ld h receiv$ f ! same curr5t :5 p]p5dicul> to itself4 ,h5ce !n a sup]ficial foot1 =m+ an angle ( six degrees ) ! horizon1 w\ld1 if c>ri$ =w>d horizontally 7z a bird 9 ! act ( skimm+7 ) a velocity ( #bcf feet p] second1 receive a pressure ( #d_/aj ( a p\nd p]p5dicul> to itself4 ,& if we all[ ! resi/ance to increase z ! squ>e ( ! velocity1 at #bgc feet p] second x w\ld receive a pressure ( "o p\nd4 ,! flight ( ! corvus frugilegus1 or rook1 dur+ any "p ( :i* x c skim at pleasure1 is 7f an av]age ( _m obs]vations7 ab\t #cde feet p] second4 ,! concavity ( ! w+ may acc\nt = ! great] resi/ance "h receiv$1 ?an ! exp]im5ts ^u pla9 surfaces w\ld indicate4 ,! angle made use ( 9 ! cr['s w+ is mu* m acute ?an six degrees3 b 9 ! obs]vations t w be gr\nd$ ^u ^! data1 x may safely be /at$ t e foot ( su* curv$ surface1 z w be us$ 9 arial navigation1 w receive a resi/ance ( "o p\nd1 p]p5dicul> to itself1 :5 c>ri$ ?r\gh ! air 9 an angle ( six degrees ) ! l9e ( its pa?1 at a velocity ( ab\t #cd or #ce feet p] second4 ,! next object is to apply :at has be5 advanc$ to ! !ory ( arial navigation2 & ! foll[+ description w convey a j idea ( ! be/ me?od ( effect+ x4 ,suppose a sail to be made ( ?9 clo?1 ( a firm texture1 conta9+ two hundr$ squ>e feet2 & t ! weight ( ! man & ! app>atus is #bjj p\nds4 ,!n if ! w9d bl[ ) a velocity ( #ce feet p] second1 9 a c]ta9 direction1 at ! same "t t a cord 9 t direction su/a9s a t5sion ( #ba lbs4 f be+ fix$ to ! ma*9e1 ! :ole app>atus w be susp5d$ 9 ! air4 ,b x is p]fectly indiff]5t :e!r ! w9d bl[ aga9/ ! plane1 or ! plane be propell$ by any means aga9/ ! air ) an unequal velocity4 ,h5ce1 if ?is ma*9e 7 drawn =w>d by ! cord "u a t5sion ( #ba lbs4 & ) a velocity ( #ce feet p] second1 ! :ole w\ld be susp5d$ 9 an horizontal pa?4 ,n[1 if1 in/ead ( ?is cord1 any o!r propell+ p[] 7 g5]at$ 9 ! same direction1 & ) ! same int5sity1 an equival5t effect w\ld be produc$1 & arial navigation accompli%$4 ,vide ,bi%op ,wilk9s's ,ma?4 ,magic4--,hook's ,philosophical ,collections4--,sir ,g4 ,cayley on ,arial ,navigation4 ,no4 ,,lxxviii4 ,a wat* to g con/antly1 & yet ne$s no o!r w9d+ f ! fir/ sett+ on ! cord or *a91 unless x be brok51 requir+ no o!r c>e f "o ?an to be n[ & !n consult$ )1 conc]n+ ! h\r ( ! day or night2 & if x be laid by a week toge!r1 x w n err mu*2 b ! (t5] look$ ^u1 ! m exact x %[e? ! "t ( ! day or night4 ,,note4 ,= a pocket wat* x w be necess>y to employ a small balance1 ) a nut atta*$ to its axis & communicat+ ) ! fusee1 ! cont9u$ vibration ( :i* w1 by w9d+ ! wat*1 give x ne>ly all ! advantages ( a p]petual prime mov]4 ,%\ld ! "t-piece be plac$ 9 a fix$ case x w require a communication betwe5 ! jo9t ( ! door & ! fusee1 & ?is may likewise be readily appli$ to ! case ( a hunt+ wat*4 ,mr4 ,g\t's p$omet] n only m>ks ! "t1 b ! numb] ( paces pass$ ov] f "o place to ano!r3 ?is is accompli%$ by means ( a *a9 or /r+ pass+ to ! leg ( ! we>]1 or to ! :eel ( a *>iot1 :i* is made to advance ! index h& "o division at ea* elevation ( ! foot3 ?us1 on ! same dial1 exhibit+1 at "o view1 bo? "t & di/ance4 ,! same p$omet] w1 by a prop] application to ! saddle1 asc]ta9 e pace a horse takes1 & x may be made to *ange its p]=mance 9 a second1 %\ld ! horse 9 ! c\rse ( measur+ g f "o pace to ano!r4 ,no4 ,,lxxix4 ,a way to lock all ! boxes ( a cab9et 7?\gh nev] s _m7 at "o "t1 :i* 71 by p>ticul> keys appropriat$ to ea* lock1 op5$ sev]ally1 & indep5d5t ! "o ( ! o!r1 z mu* z conc]ne? ! op5+ ( !m1 & by ^! means _c be left op5 unaw>es4 ,,note4 ,?is sugge/ion1 :i* is bo? +5i\s & useful1 might be advantage\sly adopt$ 9 e description ( cab9et or *e/ n[ 9 use2 x may be p]=m$ ei!r by cranks & wires1 or by slid+ bolts & lev]s communicat+ ) ea* lock3 ! latt] way1 ?\gh att5d$ ) great] exp5se1 is by f> ! mo/ durable4 ,ano!r & m simple mode (f]s itself 9 ! use ( a s]ies ( spr+ locks1 :i* may be clos$ by ! pressure ( ! lid1 unconnect$ ) any o!r me*anism4 ,no4 ,,lxxx4 ,h[ to make a pi/ol b>rel no ?ick] ?an a %ill+1 & yet able to endure a musket pro( ( p[d] & bullet4 ,,note4 ,x requires no great %>e ( +5uity to accompli% ?is object1 z an exam9ation ( mod]n fire-arms w fully te/ify2 _m pocket pi/ols t are manufactur$ at ! pres5t p]iod1 be+ at lea/ z ?9 z ^? describ$ by ! noble au?or4 ,no4 ,,lxxxi4 ,a comb-conveyance c>ry+ ( lett]s )\t suspicion1 ! head be+ op5$ ) a ne$le screw1 draw+ a spr+ t[>ds "o2 ! comb be+ made b aft] an usual =m1 c>ri$ 9 "o's pocket4 ,,note4 ,a pocket comb & portable spoon1 z describ$ 9 ?is & ! foll[+ article1 ) d\ble sides to conceal any lett]1 pap]1 c4 are too simple to ne$ a p>ticul> description4 ,no4 ,,lxxxii4 ,a knife1 spoon1 or =k1 9 an usual portable case1 may h ! l conveyances 9 _! h&les4 ,no4 ,,lxxxiii4 ,a rasp+-mill = h>t%orn1 :]eby a *ild may d ! "w ( half-a-doz5 m51 commonly tak5 up ) t "w4 ,,note4 ,a v>iety ( eng9es h be5 inv5t$ = ?is purpose1 _m ( :i* are capable ( effect+ ! sav+ ( lab\r describ$ by ! ,m>quis1 z at t p]iod 7#affc7 ! process 0 usually effect$ by rubb+ ! horn or ivory ov] a common iron grat]4 ,no4 ,,lxxxiv4 ,an in/rum5t :]eby p]sons1 ignorant 9 ari?metic1 may p]fectly obs]ve num]ation & subtraction ( all sums & fractions4 ,,note4 ,sir ,samuel ,morl& has publi%$ a detail$ acc\nt ( two in/rum5ts ( ?is k9d 9 a tract entitl$1 ,! ,description & ,use ( two ,ari?metic ,in/rum5ts1 c4--,london1 #afgc4 ,! ,roman ,abacus & ,*9ese ,swan-pan are also in/rum5ts ( a l description4 ,! ,abacus 0 v>i\sly contriv$2 t *iefly us$ 9 ,european c\ntries 0 made by draw+ any numb] ( p>allel l9es at pleasure1 at a di/ance f ea* o!r1 equal to twice ! diamet] ( a calculus or c\nt]4 ,?is plac$ on ! l[e/ l9e1 signifi$ #a2 on ! second1 #aj2 on ! ?ird1 #ajj2 on ! f\r?1 #ajjj2 on ! fif?1 #aj1jjj2 & s on4 ,9 ! spaces betwe5 ! l9es1 ! same c\nt]s signifi$ half ( :at !y repres5t$ on ! next sup]ior l9e2 viz4 9 ! space betwe5 ! fir/ & second l9es1 #e2 betwe5 ! second & ?ird1 #ej2 betwe5 ! ?ird & f\r?1 #ejj2 & s on4 ,! abacus 0 also divid$ cross-wise into areol1 & by ?is means subtractions 7 p]=m$4 ,! calculat+ in/rum5t ( ,mr4 ,babbage is h[ev] mu* sup]ior to any o!r contrivance yet sugge/$4 ,no4 ,,lxxxv4 ,a little ball1 made 9 ! %ape ( a plum or pe>1 :i*1 be+ dext]\sly convey$ or =c$ into a body's m\?1 %all pres5tly %oot =? su*1 & s _m bolts ( ea* side & at bo? ends z1 )\t ! own]'s key1 c nei!r be op5$ nor fil$ (f1 be+ made ( temp]$ /eel1 & z effectually lock$ z an iron *e/4 ,,note4 ,! /eel fangs ) :i* ?is in/rum5t is furni%$ mu/1 l ! bolt ( a common lat*1 be *amf]$ f ! po9t1 s t1 on its be+ ins]t$ )9 ! tee?1 ! bolts w in/antane\sly spr+ out2 & no p[] %ort ( ! key previ\sly made to fit ! w>ds ( ! lock w suffice to free ^? :o are ?us ensn>$4 ,?is is evid5tly "o ( ^? discov]ies :i*1 ?\gh practicable 9 itself1 appe>s bett] calculat$ = swell+ ! catalogue ( ! noble ,au?or's inv5tions1 ?an = any b5eficial result likely to accrue to ! public f its discov]y4 ,no4 ,,lxxxvi4 ,a *air made -la-mode1 & yet a /rang]1 be+ p]suad$ to sit d[n 9 x1 %all h imm$iately 8 arms & ?ighs lock$ up1 beyond 8 own p[] to loos5 !m4 ,,note4 ,*airs ( ?is description are /at$ to h be5 employ$ by ! monks 9 ! d>k] ages ( ,*ri/ianity2 & 7 orig9ally design$ = ! purpose ( entrapp+ ^? :o1 possess+ m c\rage1 or less ( prud5ce ?an _! neighb\rs1 v5tur$ to p5etrate ! my/]ies ( papal seclusion4 ,!y 7 =m$ l a common arm-*air1 & provid$ ) two lev]s at ! extremity ( ! arms2 & ! same numb] 7 fix$ imm$iately bel[ ! seat4 ,^!1 on press+ ! cu%ion1 7 imm$iately dis*>g$ l a man-trap3 f\r p[]ful spr+s act+ on ! lev]s = t purpose2 & s firmly w ! occupant ( a *air ( ?is description be fix$1 t x w take ! unit$ =ce ( f\r or five p]sons to free ! prison]4 ,a simil> *air 0 exhibit$ at ! ,villa ,borghese1 ,rome1 9 #afdd--,!y %ew'd u also a *ayre w* cat*es any :o sitts d[ne 9 x s z n to be able to /ir out1 by c]ta9e spr+s conceal$ 9 ! armes & back !re(f :i* at sitt+ d[ne surprizes a man on ! sudda9e1 lock+ him 9 by ! armes or ?ighs1 aft] a true tret*]\s ,italian guise4--,vide ,evelyn's ,memoirs1 vol4 i4 p4 #ajg4 ,no4 ,,lxxxvii4 ,a brass m\ld to ca/ c&les1 9 :i* a man may make five hundr$ doz5 9 a day1 & add an +r$i5t to ! tall[1 :i* w make x *eap]1 & yet s t ! c&les %all look :it] & la/ long]4 ,,note4 ,! usual me?od ( dipp+ /ore c&les is subject to _m objections1 ?\gh ! exp5se att5dant on ca/+ ^? call$ m\lds has hi!rto be5 an imp$im5t to _! g5]al manufacture4 ,a m simple me?od n[ (f]s itself1 :i* is equally advantage\s & economical4 ,a quantity ( drawn tubes be+ fir/ cut into ! giv5 l5g?s1 metal coll>s mu/ !n be sold]$ on ! extremity ( ea* l5g?1 ) an orifice ( suffici5t size to all[ ! tall[ & wick to pass ?r\gh ! :ole s]ies ( tubes4 ,!y mu/ !n be connect$ toge!r by a screw cut 9 ea* alt]nate end1 & ! :ole1 ?us =m$1 pass$ ?r\gh a /eam pipe ( suffici5t size to prev5t ! tall[ *ill+ 9 its passage ?r\gh ! m\lds4 ,:5 cold1 ea* jo9t ( ! m\ld mu/ be sep>ately unscrew$ & ! c&les sep>at$ by a %>p knife4 ,a means ( purify+ ! tall[1 & z su*1 ( r5d]+ ! c&les :it] & m durable1 likewise sugge/s itself 9 ! foll[+ simple process4 ,! vat1 or copp]1 conta9+ ! melt$ tall[1 mu/ be provid$ ) a %[] ba? plac$ imm$iately ov] ! surface1 to :i* mu/ be atta*$ a res]voir ( cold wat]3 ?is1 by ! action ( a lev]1 may be ?r[n ?r\gh ! grat+ ( ! ba?1 & fall+ ^u ! tall[1 w1 9 its passage1 c>ry to ! bottom ( ! vat ! :ole ( ! c>bonis$ animal matt] & o!r impurities ) :i* x is *>g$4 ,aft] all[+ a few m9utes = ! light] fluid to rise1 ! wat] may !n be drawn (f1 by a cock plac$ at ! bottom ( ! vat = t purpose1 & ! same process repeat$ till ! tall[ is fit = use4 ,no4 ,,lxxxviii4 ,an eng9e1 )\t ! lea/ noise1 knock1 or use ( fire1 to co9 & /amp #ajjlbs4 9 an h\r1 by "o man4 ,,note4 ,anto9e ,b\*] appe>s to h be5 ! fir/ engrav] :o us$ ! fly-press = ! multiply+ ( metallic impressions f an engrav$ matrix4 ,?is +5i\s me*anic 0 employ$ by ,h5ry ! ,second ( ,france1 & ! fir/ money 0 /ruck ) x 9 t k+dom ab\t ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury2 x 0 soon h[ev] laid aside on acc\nt ( ! great exp5se att5dant on its use1 & ! old me?od ( /rik+ ) ! hamm] 0 aga9 resort$ to4 ,que5 ,elizabe? also _h mill$ money co9$ 9 ,engl& ab\t ! same p]iod2 b x did n cont9ue = m ?an t5 ye>s2 & x 0 n till #affb1 t ! screw press 0 f9ally e/abli%$ 9 ! m9t ( ?is k+dom4 ,! accel]at$ motion ( a screw1 al?\gh possess+ _m advantages ov] ! old me?od1 does n appe> fully to answ] ! above description1 z ! noise att5dant on its use is c]ta9ly v consid]able2 x is probable !re=e1 t ! hydro/atic press1 or a p[]ful lev] work$ by a crank1 0 int5d$ by ! noble au?or z a sub/itute = ?is useful ma*9e4 ,x appe>s probable t ! ins]tion ( ?is ,article orig9at$ 9 an ignorance ( ! plan =m]ly propos$ by ,b\*]1 :i* appe>s ( all o!rs be/ adapt$ = ! purpose ( co9+ ) rapidity1 & :i* 0 n at t p]iod act$ ^u 9 ,engl&2 on ! discov]y ( :i* ! foll[+ ,article 0 sub/itut$ by ! noble au?or2 & appe>$ 9 ! fir/ pr9t$ edition ( ! ,c5tury4 ,no4 ,,lxxxviii4 ,h[ to make a braz5 or /one head1 9 ! mid/ ( a great field or g>d51 s artificial & natural1 t ?\gh a man speak nev] s s(tly1 & ev5 :isp]s into ! e> !re(1 x w pres5tly op5 its m\?1 & resolve ! "q 9 ,fr5*1 ,lat91 ,wel%1 ,iri%1 or ,engli%1 9 good t]ms1 utt]+ x out ( 8 m\?1 & !n %ut x until ! next "q be ask$4 ,,note4 ,alb]tus ,magnus1 a celebrat$ philosoph] ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 is said to h con/ruct$ an automaton :i* n only p]=m$ all ! app>5t motions ( life1 b absolutely answ]$ que/ions4 ,x is record$ ( ,?omas ,aqu9as1 t1 hav+ accid5tally se5 ! head1 he 0 s t]rifi$ t he broke x 9 pieces1 ^u :i* ,alb]t exclaim$3 ,p]iit opus trig9ta annorum6 ,?\gh ?is appe>s "o ( ! e>lie/ in/ances ( a speak+ automaton con/ruct$ by "o ( ! laity1 !re is no d\bt b t ! me?od ( convey+ answ]s to v>i\s int]rogatories1 by ! ag5cy ( conceal$ pipes or a speak+ trumpet1 0 practis$ at a v e>ly p]iod4 ,t ! impo/or ,alex&]1 h[ev]1 caus$ 8 sculapius to speak 9 ?is mann] is expressly relat$ by ,lucan4 ,he took1 says ?is au?or1 in/ead ( a pipe1 ! gullet ( a crane1 & transmitt$ ! voice ?r\gh x to ! m\? ( ! /atue4 ,b ! inv5tion ( ! invisible girl1 :i* may be consid]$ z an improvem5t on ! oracul> responses ( ! d>k] ages1 inf9itely surpass$ any ( ^? hi!rto record$4 ,?is v +5i\s app>atus 0 publicly exhibit$ bo? at ,bri/ol & 9 ,london = a consid]able p]iod1 dur+ :i* "t no discov]y 0 made ( its int]nal me*anism2 & x is probable t its con/ruction w\ld h rema9$ a secret to all b ! exhibitors1 b = ! +5uity ( ,mr4 7n[ ,pr(essor7 ,mill+ton1 :o1 9 a c\rse ( ,lectures deliv]$ 9 ! w9t] ( #ahjf1 expla9$ ! mann] 9 :i* x 0 p]=m$4 ,! visible "p ( ! app>atus connect$ ) ! invisible girl 0 ?us con/ruct$3 fir/ a mahogany frame resembl+ a b$/ead1 hav+ at ! corn]s f\r upright po/s ab\t five feet high1 0 unit$ by a cross-rail ne> ! top1 & two or m cross-rails ne> ! bottom1 to /r5g!n ! frame1 :i* 0 ab\t f\r feet squ>e4 ,! frame ?us con/ruct$ 0 plac$ ^u ! floor1 & to ! top ( ea* ( ! f\r pill>s 7 atta*$ z _m /rong b5t brass wires conv]g+ t[>ds ! top1 :]e !y 7 secur$ by a cr[n & o!r ornam5ts4 ,f ^! wires a holl[ copp] ball 0 susp5d$ by slight ribbons1 s z to cut (f all possible communication ) ! frame4 ,! globe ?us support$ 0 suppos$ to conta9 ! invisible be+1 z ! voice app>5tly proce$$ f ! int]ior ( x3 & = ?is purpose1 x 0 equipp$ ) f\r trumpets1 plac$ r\nd x 9 a horizontal direction1 & at "r angles to ea* o!r2 ! trumpet m\?s com+ to )9 ab\t half an in* ( ! respective cross-rails ( ! frame surr\nd+ !m4 ,:5 a "q 0 propos$1 x 0 ask$ f any side ( ! frame1 & spok5 into "o ( ! trumpets1 & an answ] imm$iately proce$$ f ! :ole ( !m1 s l\d z to be di/9ctly he>d by ! inquir]1 & yet s di/ant & feeble1 t x appe>$ z if com+ f a v dim9utive be+4 ,9 ?is ! :ole ( ! artifice consi/$2 & ! v>iations 7 s contriv$ t ! answ] might be return$ 9 sev]al languages1 a kiss might be return$1 ! brea? produc+ ! voice 0 felt1 & songs 7 sung1 accompani$ by ! piano-=te1 c4 ,to produce ?is illusion1 ! s\nd 0 convey$ by a tube1 9 a mann] simil> to ! old & well kn[n contrivance ( ! speak+ bu/2 ! invisible girl only diff]+ 9 "o circum/ance2 t an artificial e*o 0 produc$ by means ( ! trumpets & holl[ globe1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* ! s\nd 0 completely rev]s$4 ,9 ! invisible girl ! orifice ( ! tube 0 9 "o ( ! h&rails j opposite ! m\? ( "o ( ! trumpets1 ! op5+ be+ conceal$ by re$s & o!r m\ld+s2 ! tube itself1 :i* 0 ab\t half an in* 9 diamet]1 ran ?r\gh half ! h&rail1 !n d[n "o ( ! corn] po/s1 & f !nce "u ! floor till x rea*$ a l>ge deal case almo/ simil> to an inv]t$ funnel1 along ! side ( :i* x rose till x came ne>ly into contact ) ! e> ( ! conf$]ate1 :o ) a piano-=te1 c4 0 conceal$ 9 ?is case4 ,any "q ask$ by a voice direct$ into "o ( ! trumpets 0 imm$iately reflect$ back f ! concave int]ior surface ( ! globe to ! orifice ( ! tube1 along :i* x 0 convey$ s z to be di/9ctly he>d by ! p]son 9 ! deal case1 :o return$ ! requisite answ]1 :i* appe>$ to come precisely f ! int]ior ( ! globe4 ,a small hole clos$ ) glass 0 likewise left ?r\gh ! deal case & side wall ( ! ap>tm5t1 by means ( :i* ! conceal$ p]son _h an opportunity ( obs]v+ & comm5t+ ^u any circum/ance :i* occurr$ 9 ! room4 ,no4 ,,lxxxix4 ,:ite silk1 knott$ 9 ! f+]s ( a pair ( :ite gloves1 & s contriv$ )\t suspicion1 t1 play+ at prim]o at c>ds1 "o may1 )\t clogg+ 8 memory1 keep reckon+ ( all sixes1 sev5s1 & aces1 :i* he ha? disc>d$1 & )\t f\l play4 ,,note4 ,t slid+ knots or r+s may be =m$ on ! fr+e ( silk or o!r gloves1 by :i* means a reckon+ c be kept1 may easily be conceiv$2 b x is sc>cely too mu* to av] t an undue advantage tak5 ( an oppon5t1 ev5 at c>ds1 sav\rs v mu* ( f\l play1 if n absolute *eat+4 ,no4 ,,xc4 ,a mo/ dext]\s dic+-box1 ) holes transp>5t1 aft] ! usual fa%ion1 ) a device s dext]\s1 t ) a knock ( x aga9/ ! table1 ! f\r good dice are fa/5$1 & x loos5e? f\r false dice1 made fit = ?is purpose4 ,,note4 ,!re are few :o pr(ess ! sci5ce ( *eat+ at c>ds or dice1 or to be enc\rag]s ( ^? :o d2 & x may fairly be conc$$ t !re are n two p]iods 9 our regal annals1 9 :i* ?is dete/able meanness _h become fa%ionable en\gh to sanction a nobleman 9 inscrib+ to ! ,k+ & 8 ,p>liam5t a me?od by :i* x might be advantage\sly effect$4 ,no4 ,,xci4 ,an artificial horse1 ) saddle & cap>isons fit = runn+ at ! r+1 on :i* a man be+ m\nt$1 ) 8 lance 9 8 h&1 he c at pleasure make him />t1 & swiftly to run 8 c>e]1 us+ ! dec5t po/ure ) bon grace1 may take ! r+ z h&somely1 & runn+ z swiftly z if he rode ^u a b>be4 ,,note4 ,any p]son :o is acqua9t$ ) ! v>i\s automaton figures t h be5 con/ruct$ by ^? celebrat$ me*anics1 ,vaucanson1 ,kempel51 & ,maelzel1 w readily admit ! possibility ( mak+ a horse ( ?is description2 nor %\ld we too readily und]value ^? me*anical pursuits1 :i*1 ?\gh n ( any imm$iate national advantage1 h =m$ ! employm5t ( "o ( ! greate/ pot5tates ( mod]n ,europe4#g #g ,,*>les ,v41 aft] 8 abdication1 retir$ to ! mona/]y ( ,/4 ,ju/us1 9 ,e/ramadura1 :]e he amus$ himself1 dur+ ! latt] p]iod ( 8 life1 9 ! mak+ ( automatons1 9 :i* he 0 assi/$ by a v +5i\s arti/ nam$ ,turriano4 ,! mo/ celebrat$ ( ! mod]n automata 7 ^? made by ,vaucanson1 & :i* are ?us describ$ by ,beckman3-- ,"o ( !m1 :i* repres5t$ a flute-play] sitt+1 p]=m$ twelve tunes1 &1 z we are assur$1 by w9d issu+ f its m\? into a ,g]man flute1 ! holes ( :i* x op5$ & %ut ) its f+]s4 ,! second 0 a /&+ figure1 :i* 9 l mann] play$ on ! ,prov5al %eph]d's pipe1 :i* x held 9 its left h&1 & ) ! "r beat ^u a drum4 ,! ?ird 0 a duck1 ( ! natural size1 :i* mov$ its w+s1 exhibit$ all ! ge/ures ( t animal1 quack$ l a duck1 drank wat]1 ate corn1 & !n1 aft] a little "t1 let drop beh9d x some?+ t resembl$ ! excrem5t ( a duck4#h #h ,hi/ory ( ,inv5tions1 vol4 iii4 p4 #cbf4 ,( ^! automata1 or r &roides1 ! flute-play] ( ,vaucanson is ! only "o ( :i* a correct description has be5 pres]v$2 a p>ticul> acc\nt ( its me*anism hav+ be5 publi%$ 9 ! ,memoirs ( ! ,fr5* ,academy4 ,! figure 0 ab\t five feet six in*es high1 & 0 plac$ ^u an elevat$ squ>e p$e/al4 ,! air ent]$ ! body by ?ree sep>ate pipes1 into :i* x 0 convey$ by n9e pairs ( bell[s1 :i* exp&$ & contract$ 9 regul> succession1 by means ( an axis ( /eel turn$ by ! ma*9e4 ,! ?ree tubes1 :i* convey$ ! air f ! bell[s1 aft] pass+ ?r\gh ! l[] extremities ( ! figure1 unit$ at ! *e/2 & asc5d+ f !nce to ! m\?1 pass$ ?r\gh two artificial lips4 ,)9 ! cavity ( ! m\? 0 a small moveable tongue1 :i* by its motion at prop] int]vals1 admitt$ or int]cept$ ! air 9 its passage to ! flute4 ,! f+]s1 lips1 & tongue d]iv$ _! specific movem5ts f a /eel cyl9d] turn$ by clockwork4 ,! cyl9d] 0 divid$ into fifte5 equal p>ts1 :i* by means ( pegs1 press+ ^u a l numb] ( lev]s1 caus$ ! o!r extremities to asc5d4 ,sev5 ( ^! lev]s direct$ ! f+]s1 hav+ rods & *a9s fix$ to _! asc5d+ extremities2 :i*1 be+ atta*$ to ! f+]s1 made !m to asc5d 9 proportion z ! o!r extremity 0 press$ d[n by ! motion ( ! cyl9d]s1 & vice v]sa4 ,?ree ( ! lev]s s]v$ to regulate ! +ress ( ! air1 be+ s contriv$ z to op5 & %ut1 by means ( valves1 ! communication betwe5 ! lips & res]voir1 s t m or less /r5g? might be giv51 & a high] or l[] note produc$ z occasion requir$4 ,! lips 7 direct$ by f\r simil> lev]s2 "o ( :i* op5$ !m to give ! air a fre] passage2 ano!r contract$ !m2 a ?ird drew !m backw>d1 & ! f\r? pu%$ !m =w>d4 ,! rema9+ lev] 0 employ$ 9 ! direction ( ! tongue1 :i* by its motion %ut or op5$ ! m\? ( ! flute4 ,! v>i$ & successive motions p]=m$ by ?is +5i\s &roides1 7 regulat$ by a contrivance no less simple ?an efficaci\s4 ,! axis ( ! /eel cyl9d] or b>rel 0 t]m9at$ by an endless screw compos$ ( twelve ?reads1 above :i* 0 plac$ a small arm ( copp]1 ) a /eel /ud made to fit ! ?reads ( ! worm1 :i*1 by its v]tical motion1 0 cont9ually pu%$ =w>d4 ,h5ce1 if a lev] 0 mov$1 by a peg plac$ on ! cyl9d]1 9 any "o revolution1 x c\ld n be mov$ by ! same peg 9 ! succe$+ revolution 9 consequ5ce ( ! lat]al motion communicat$ by ! worm4 ,by ?is means ! size ( ! b>rel 0 consid]ably r$uc$2 & ! /atue n only p\r$ =? a v>i$ selection ( in/rum5tal h>mony1 b exhibit$ all ! evolutions ( ! mo/ graceful p]=m]4 ,no4 ,,xcii4 ,a screw1 made l a wat]-screw1 b ! bottom made ( iron-plate spadewise1 :i*1 at ! side ( a boat1 emptie? ! mud ( a pond1 or raise? gravel4 ,,note4 ,! ,ar*im$ean screw1 ?\gh hi!rto only appli$ to ! rais+ ( wat]1 appe>s to be equally applicable to _m o!r purposes2 z ! procur+ ( s& f pits1 tak+ dry goods ( small dim5sions f c>ts or b>ges1 cle>+ riv]s1 c4 ?\gh 9 t case x w be necess>y to make ! l[] end ( ! ma*9e 9 a conical =m1 gradually increas+ ! size ( ! orifice f ! po9t to its upp] extremity1 9 ord] to prev5t ! mat]ials f clogg+ ! screw1 :i* w\ld o!rwise occur4 ,! dr$g+ ma*9e work$ by a /eam-eng9e1 & employ$ 9 ! ,?ames = a simil> purpose1 is well kn[n4 ,no4 ,,xciii4 ,an eng9e1 :]eby "o man may take out ( ! wat] a %ip ( five hundr$ tons1 s t x may be caulk$1 trimm$1 & repair$1 )\t ne$ ( ! usual way ( /ocks1 & z easily let x d[n aga94 ,,note4 ,beckman1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,inv5tions1 says1 t a ma*9e ( ?is description 0 inv5t$ by a citiz5 ( ,am/]dam1 9 ! ye> #afij1 & 0 by him call$ ! wat] camel4 ,x consi/$ ( two half %ips1 & on ! deck ( ea* 7 plac$ horizontal w9dlasses f :i* proce$$ ropes made to pass "u ! keel ( ! vessel int5d$ to be rais$4 ,! two sides ( ! camel hav+ be5 sunk by ! admission ( wat]1 ! ropes 7 drawn tight1 & ! pumps be+ put 9 motion1 ! vessel 0 gradually rais$ to ! surface4 ,x appe>s to h be5 pr9cipally employ$ 9 cross+ ! b> ( ! ,zuyd]zee4 ,no4 ,,xciv4 ,a little eng9e1 portable 9 "o's pocket1 :i* plac$ to any door1 )\t any noise1 b on crack1 op5e? any door or gate4 ,,note4 ,! simple eng9e call$ a ,jack1 us$ = ! purpose ( rais+ great weights1 ) small manual ex]tion1 appe>s to be admirably calculat$ = ?is purpose2 & its ev5 uni=m motion is evid5tly describ$ by ! noble au?or4 ,ramelli has also giv5 a description ( sev]al v curi\s in/rum5ts = ! same purpose4 ,vide ,artificiose ,ma*9i1 p4 #bee1 c4 ,no4 ,,xcv4 ,a d\ble cross-b[1 neat1 h&some1 & /rong1 to %oot two arr[s1 ei!r toge!r1 or "o aft] ! o!r s imm$iately1 t a de] _c run two /eps1 b1 if he miss ( "o arr[1 he may be rea*$ ) ! o!r1 :e!r ! de] run =w>d1 sidew>d1 or />t backw>d4 ,,note4 ,! cross-b[1 ?\gh long s9ce sup]s$$ 9 po9t ( g5]al utility by ! inv5tion ( fire-arms1 might /ill be f\nd a useful auxili>y 9 ! sports ( ! field1 & z su*1 x has be5 ?\ght advisable to notice :at appe>s to be ! plan on :i* ?is in/rum5t mu/ be con/ruct$4 ,to fire two arr[s 9 imm$iate succession1 x w be necess>y ei!r to atta* a second b[ to ! "u side ( ! /ock1 :i*1 aft] dis*>g+ "o arr[1 may imm$iately be rev]s$1 & ! second fir$4 ,or1 :]e a b[ ( suffici5t l5g? is us$1 ! /r+ may communicate ! requir$ degree ( impetus to two arr[s 9 succession1 a /ud be+ previ\sly prep>$ = its reception1 ab\t half-way d[n ! /ock1 f :i* x may readily be lib]at$ = ! second dis*>ge4 ,no4 ,,xcvi4 ,a way to make a sea-bank s firm & geometrically /rong1 t a /ream c h no p[] ov] x2 excell5t likewise to save ! pill> ( a bridge1 be+ f> *eap] & /rong] ?an /one walls4 ,,note4 ,! break-wat] erect$ by ,mr4 ,r5nie at ,plym\? is1 9 its results1 precisely :at ! noble au?or has "h describ$4 ,! plan ( its con/ruction is ?is3 a mass ( /one 9 blocks1 ( ab\t ?ree feet 9 diamet]1 is ?r[n promiscu\sly into ! sea1 & left to f9d _! own base1 ! extremity ( :i* is g5]ally ab\t sev5ty y>ds4 ,?is sea-wall has be5 c>ri$ ab\t eight hundr$ fa?oms 9 l5g?1 & ! total exp5se att5dant on its erection is e/imat$ at #a1aej1jjj4 ,9 #agff1 ,mr4 ,smeaton also appli$ loose /ones to /r5g!n ! middle pi]s ( ,london bridge1 :i* 0 ! means ( pres]v+ t v5]able /ructure f ! almo/ c]ta9 ru9 :i* ?reat5$ x4 ,b ! mo/ economical sea-bank yet con/ruct$ 0 execut$ at ,rye1 9 #ahjd1 "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ! ,rev4 ,daniel ,pape1 curate ( t place4 ,! dam or bank 0 =m$ 9 its l[] "p 9 two p>allel ridges close to ea* o!r1 l ! d\ble ro( ( a h\se1 :i* 7 cov]$ ov]1 fir/ ) /raw1 & !n ) hazel faggots ab\t ?irte5 feet long2 & ! :ole 0 !n p9n$ d[n ) piles1 :i* 7 unit$ to ea* o!r at _! heads by pieces put across ! direction ( ! faggots4 ,:5 ?is bank 0 complet$1 ,mr4 ,pape =m$ ano!r bank1 on ! top ( ! prec$+1 by fill+ up ! int]val betwe5 ! two ridges1 & cov]+ ! :ole 9 ! mann] above describ$4 ,all ?is 0 accompli%$ 9 "o tide1 & :5 complet$ x fully answ]$ ! purpose = :i* x 0 int5d$4 ,no4 ,,xcvii4 ,an in/rum5t1 :]eby an ignorant p]son may take any ?+ 9 p]spective1 z ju/ly1 & m s ?an ! mo/ skilful pa9t] c d by ! eye4 ,,note4 ,vitruvius is ! fir/ au?or :o directly treats on ?is bran* ( ! f9e arts1 ?\gh !re c be no d\bt b ! anci5ts fully und]/ood its mo/ ess5tial rules1 :i* !y mu/ h practis$ at a v e>ly p]iod 9 ! decoration ( _! !atres4 ,vitruvius1 9 ! proem to 8 sev5? book1 in=ms u1 t ,aga?>*us ( ,a!ns notic$ ! subject1 :5 prep>+ a tragic sc5e = a play exhibit$ by s*ylus3 b ! pr9ciples ( ! art 7 m di/9ctly taught by ,democritus & ,anaxagoras1 ! disciples ( ! =m] pa9t]4 ,pietro del ,borgo1 e>ly 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 con/ruct$ a v +5i\s ma*9e1 :i* 0 aft]w>ds employ$ by ,alb]t ,dur] = ! above purpose4 ,x consi/$ ( a transp>5t tablet1 ?r\gh :i* ! object be+ view$ f a small ap]ture1 ! arti/ contriv$ to trace ! images :i* ! v>i\s rays ( light emitt$ f !m w\ld make ^u x4 ,mr4 ,f]guson has also describ$ a ma*9e = ?is purpose1 ! inv5tion ( :i* he ascribes to ,dr4 ,bevis4 ,b ! mo/ simple & effici5t in/rum5t yet discov]$ = l>ge objects is ! cam]a obscura & cam]a lucida2 bo? ( :i* fully answ] ! description giv5 by ! noble au?or4 ,no4 ,,xcviii4 ,an eng9e1 s contriv$1 t work+ ! primum mobile =w>d or backw>d1 upw>d or d[nw>d1 circul>ly or corn]wise1 to & fro1 /raight1 upright or d[nright1 yet ! pret5d$ op]ation cont9ue? & advance?2 none ( ! motions above m5tion$1 h9d]+1 mu* less /opp+ ! o!r2 b unanim\sly1 & ) h>mony agree+1 !y all augm5t & contribute /r5g? unto ! int5d$ "w & op]ation2 & !re=e ,i call ?is a semi-omnipot5t eng9e1 & d int5d t a model !re( be buri$ ) me4 ,no4 ,,xcix4 ,h[ to make "o p\nd weight to raise an hundr$ z high z "o p\nd falle?1 & yet ! hundr$ p\nds desc5d+ do? :at no?+ less ?an "o hundr$ p\nds c effect4 ,no4 ,c4 ,^u s pot5t a help z ^! two la/ m5tion$ inv5tions1 a wat]-"w is1 by _m ye>s' exp]i5ce & lab\r1 s advantage\sly by me contriv$1 t a *ild's =ce br+e? up1 an hundr$ feet high1 an incr$ible quantity ( wat]1 ev5 two feet diamet]4 ,& ,i may boldly call x1 ! mo/ /up5d\s "w 9 ! :ole _w3 n only ) little *>ge to dra9 all sorts ( m9es1 & furni% cities ) wat]1 ?\gh nev] s high seat$1 z well to keep !m sweet1 runn+ ?r\gh sev]al /reets1 & s p]=m+ ! "w ( scav5g]s1 z well z furni%+ ! inhabitants ) suffici5t wat] = _! private occasions3 b likewise supply+ ! riv]s ) suffici5t to ma9ta9 & make navigable f t[n to t[n1 & = ! bett]+ ( l&s all ! way x runs2 ) _m m advantage\s1 & yet great] effects ( pr(it1 admiration1 & consequ5ce3 s t des]v$ly ,i deem ?is inv5tion to cr[n my lab\rs1 to rew>d my exp5ses1 & make my ?\ghts acquiesce 9 way ( fur!r inv5tions4 ,?is mak+ up ! :ole ,c5tury1 & prev5t+ any fur!r tr\ble to ! read] = ! pres5t1 mean+ to leave to po/]ity a book1 :]e91 "u ea* ( ^! heads1 ! means to put 9 execution & visible trial all & e ( ^! inv5tions1 ) ! %ape & =m ( all ?+s belong+ to !m1 %all be pr9t$ by brass plates4--,besides _m omitt$1 & "s ( ?ree sorts will+ly n set d[n1 z n fit to be divulg$1 le/ ill use may be made !re(1 b to %[ t su* ?+s are also )9 my k1 ,i w "h 9 myne owne cyph] sett d[n "o ( ea*1 n to be conceal$ :5 duty & affection oblige? me4 ,9 bonum publicum1 et ad majorem ,dei gloriam4 ,,note4 ,! ?ree la/ inv5tions may ju/ly be consid]$ z ! mo/ important ( ! :ole ,c5tury1 & :5 unit$ ) ! #fh? article1 !y appe> to sugge/ ne>ly all ! data ess5tial = ! con/ruction ( a mod]n /eam-eng9e4 ,! noble au?or has furni%$ u ) :at he calls a def9ition ( ?is eng9e2 & al?\gh x is writt5 9 ! same vague & empirical /yle1 :i* *>act]ises a l>ge portion ( 8 ,inv5tions1 x may yet be consid]$ z af=d+ additional pro(s ( ! above important fact4 ,! ,m>quis's def9ition is exce$+ly r>e1 z ! only copy kn[n to be extant is pres]v$ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4--,x is pr9t$ on a s+le %eet )\t date1 & appe>s to h be5 writt5 = ! purpose ( procur+ subscriptions 9 aid ( a ,wat] ,company1 !n ab\t to be e/abli%$4 ,a /up5d\s1 or a wat]-comm&+ eng9e1 b\ndless = height1 or quantity1 requir+ no ext]nal1 nor ev5 additional help or =ce to be set1 or cont9u$ 9 motion1 b :at intr9sically is af=d$ f its own op]ation1 nor yet ! tw5tie? "p !re(4 ,& ! eng9e consi/e? ( ! foll[+ p>ticul>s3-- ',a p]fect c\nt]poise1 = :at quantity soev] ( wat]4 ',a p]fect c\nt]vail1 = :at height soev] x is to be br\ght unto4 ',a primum mobile1 comm&+ bo? height & quantity1 regulator-wise4 ',a viceg]5t or c\nt]vail1 supply+ ! place1 & p]=m+ ! full =ce ( man1 w9d1 bea/1 or mill4 ',a helm or /]n1 ) bit & re9s1 :]e) any *ild may guide1 ord]1 & control ! :ole op]ation4 ',a p>ticul> magaz9e = wat]1 accord+ to ! int5d$ quantity1 or height ( wat]4 ',an aqu$uct1 capable ( any int5d$ quantity or height ( wat]4 ',a place = ! orig9al f\nta9 or riv] to run into1 & naturally ( its own accord incorporate itself ) ! ris+ wat]1 & at ! v bottom ( ! aqu$uct1 ?\gh nev] s big or high4 ',by div9e provid5ce1 & heav5ly inspiration1 ?is is my /up5d\s wat]-comm&+ eng9e1 b\ndless = height & quantity4 ',:osoev] is ma/] ( weight1 is ma/] ( =ce2 :osoev] is ma/] ( wat]1 is ma/] ( bo?3 & consequ5tly to him all =cible actions & at*ievem5ts are easie4' ,x may n[ be adviseable to trace ! hi/ory ( ! /eam-eng9e ?r\gh "s ( its e>li] modifications2 & we %all f9d t1 al?\gh ! pres5t =m ( ?is /up5d\s ma*9e almo/ des]ves ! title ( an inv5tion1 yet t _m /eps h be5 tak51 & mu* lab\r & mu* +5uity exp5d$1 be=e x 0 br\ght to t po9t f :i* ! m mod]n improvem5ts may be said to h begun4 ,& :il/ we admire ! g5ius ( ^? :o h p]fect$ ! application ( a mighty p[]1 let u n refuse ! tribute ( praise to ^?1 :o fir/ po9t$ out t su* a p[] exi/$4 ,illu/ration ,! fir/ app>atus ( ?is description1 ( :i* any au!ntic acc\nt has be5 pres]v$1 0 sugge/$ by ,h]o ( ,alex&ria1 & consi/$ ( a vessel ,f 9 :i* /eam 0 g5]at$ by ! application ( ext]nal heat4 ,! ball ,g 0 suppli$ ) ! ela/ic vap\r ?us procur$1 by means ( ! b5t pipe ,e ,b1 a /eam tight jo9t be+ provid$ = t purpose4 ,two tubes b5t to a "r angle at ,a & ,d1 are ! only p>ts op5 to ! air1 & z ! /eam ru%es out f v m9ute ap]tures1 a rotatory motion is produc$4 ,an acc\nt ( ?is app>atus is pres]v$ 9 ,h]o's ,spiritalia1 publi%$ by ! ,jesuits 9 #afic2 & a copy ( ?is highly curi\s "w1 ) a ,lat9 translation prefix$1 is n[ 9 ! ,libr>y ( ! ,london ,in/itution4 ,a modification ( ,h]o's app>atus is repres5t$ b5ea?3 ,x 0 con/ruct$ by ,mr4 ,/yles = ! use ( ! ,editor 9 8 public lectures4 ,! circul> tube a is 9 ?is case support$ by ! upright pill> c d2 & ! flame ( alcohol 9 ! tr\gh b1 by g5]at+ high pressure /eam1 :i* ru%es f ! ap]tures e1 produces a rotatory motion4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,brancas's revolv+ app>atus1 z w be se5 by ref]5ce to ! diagram 9 ! prec$+ page1 0 /ill m simple ?an t contriv$ by ,h]o4 ,a copp] vessel fill$ ) wat]1 79 ! orig9al figure made 9 ! =m ( an ornam5tal head17 0 furni%$ ) a pipe c1 ?r\gh :i* ! /eam 0 propell$1 & /rik+ aga9/ ! vanes ( ! float :eel d1 readily gave motion to a pe/le & mort>1 :i* 0 employ$ 9 ! al*emi/'s laboratory4 ,! only "w 9 :i* a description ( ?is eng9e has be5 pres]v$1 0 publi%$ 9 #afbi2 x is exce$+ly r>e1 & ! above diagram is engrav$ f a copy 9 ! possession ( ,major ,colby4 ,a slight exam9ation ( ! pr9ciple ^u :i* ?is simple app>atus is con/ruct$1 w %ew t no v consid]able =ce c\ld h be5 obta9$2 z ! /eam pass+ ?r\gh ! atmosph]e 9 its passage to ! :eel1 mu/1 to a c]ta9 ext5t at lea/1 be conv]t$ into wat]4 ,aft] ! publication ( ! "w by ,brancas1 m ?an ?irty ye>s elaps$ ere ! publication ( ! ,m>quis's ,c5tury recall$ ! att5tion ( ! sci5tific _w to ?is important subject2 & ?is inv5tion1 :i* he /ates z hav+ be5 completely c>ri$ into effect1 0 evid5tly v diff]5t f t ( 8 pr$ecessors4 ,x is said t ! ,m>quis1 :ile conf9$ 9 ! ,t[] ( ,london1 0 prep>+ "s food 9 8 ap>tm5t1 & ! cov] ( ! vessel1 hav+ be5 closely fitt$1 01 by ! expansion ( ! /eam1 sudd5ly =c$ (f & driv5 up ! *imney4 ,?is circum/ance attract+ 8 att5tion1 l$ him to a tra9 ( ?\ght1 :i* t]m9at$ 9 ! completion ( 8 wat]-comm&+ eng9e4#i ,( ! ,m>quis's inv5tion no record has be5 pres]v$ beyond ! articles to :i* we h already allud$ 9 ! pres5t "w3 & 9 ! abs5ce ( o!r data1 ! ,editor readily introduces ,pr(essor ,mill+ton's design = an eng9e on simil> pr9ciples2 & :i*1 ) a few alt]ations1 might be made available = ! purposes recomm5d$ by our au?or4 #i ,vide ,hi/orical & ,descriptive ,acc\nt ( ! ,/eam-eng9e1 by ,c4 ,f4 ,p>t+ton1 p4 #f4 ,illu/ration ,9 ?is diagram1 q repres5ts a /rong & close vessel or boil] to conta9 wat]1 set 9 brick "w l a common copp]1 ) a fire-place r und]nea? x1 hav+ a *imney s4 ,! boil] ?us con/ruct$1 is int5d$ to af=d ! means ( produc+ /eam3 & if we conceive two casks or /rong holl[ vessels ( any =m to be plac$ "u ! surface ( ! wat]1 ne> ! boil]1 z at t & v1 & t ea* ( ^! vessels has a valve op5+ into x 9 its l[] "p z u u1 & two pipes w w1 proce$+ f ! upp] "p ( ! vessels to ! top ( ! /eam boil] q1 :ile two o!r pipes x x proce$ f ! l[] p>ts ( ^! vessels into a ci/]n y1 =ty feet above ! level ( ! wat]2 an app>atus ?us con/ruct$ w ne>ly =m ! wat]-comm&+ eng9e1 = if ! vessels t & v are bo? fill$ ) wat] by ! valves u u1 & ! cock z be op5$ aft] ! /eam has accumulat$ 9 ! boil]1 ! ela/ic fluid ?us g5]at$ w in/antly ru% d[n into ! vessel t1 & :5 ! surface ( ! wat] is heat$ expel ! :ole ( its cont5ts up ! pipe a x1 into ! ci/]n y1 :]e x w be reta9$ by a valve op5+ upw>ds 9 any "p ( t pipe1 z at a4 ,?is done1 ! cock z mu/ be %ut1 & aft] p]mitt+ ! /eam to accumulate = a %ort "t1 t at b mu/ be op5$1 & ! /eam w ru% into ! vessel v & p]=m a simil> (fice1 c be+ ! valve to prev5t ! return ( ! wat]4 ,:5 ! /eam is %ut (f f ! vessel t1 ! ela/ic fluid :i* _h previ\sly be5 introduc$ to expel ! wat]1 w be cond5s$ by ! cold m$ia r\nd x1 & ?us a vacuum w be produc$ 9 ! vessel t1 consequ5tly a "p ( ! wat] 9 :i* x is imm]s$ w ru% into x by ! valve u1 & occupy ! :ole int]nal cavity1 ?us putt+ x 9 a /ate ( prep>ation = a second op5+ ( ! cock z1 by :i* its cont5ts w be aga9 dis*>g$ into ! ci/]n y1 & s ( ! two vessels alt]nately2 = :ile v is empty+1 t w be fill+1 & vice v]s1 :i* agrees ) ! ,m>quis's acc\nt :5 he says1 t ! man is b to turn two cocks1 t "o vessel ( wat] be+ consum$1 ano!r beg9s to =ce1 c4 ,! above sugge/ion = an eng9e capable ( rais+ wat] may be /ill fur!r improv$ by add+ a suction pipe to ! valves u u1 & ! pressure ( ! atmosph]e w increase ! work+ p[] ( ! eng9e m ?an ?irty feet3 & %\ld a less height be requir$1 ! =c+ pipe may be %ort5$ 9 a proportionate degree3 inde$ ?is fact 0 att5d$ to by ! next p]son :o claims ! hon\r ( hav+ inv5t$ ! /eam-eng9e1 to :i* x may n[ be adviseable to direct ! read]'s att5tion4 ,illu/ration ,! eng9e sugge/$ by ,sav]y = ! purpose ( rais+ wat]1 consi/$ ( a boil] a furni%$ ) a safety valve v4 ,! /eam-vessel r 0 connect$ ) ! well ,h1 by a suction pipe n2 & :5 wat] 0 to be rais$ ! vessel r 0 fill$ ) /eam1 :i* ru%+ 91 soon expell$ ! air3 :5 t 0 completely effect$1 ! communication ) ! boil] 0 clos$1 & ! /eam cond5s$1 :i* dim9i%+ its bulk1 =m$ a vacu\s space )9 ! vessel2 ! pressure ( atmosph]e !n op]at+ ^u ! surface ( ! wat] 9 ! well1 drove x up ! pipe4 ,9 ?is =m ( ! app>atus1 ! inv5tor 0 seldom able to raise wat] m ?an ?irty feet3 & :5 a great] altitude 0 requir$1 x 0 effect$ by ! impell5t =ce ( high pressure /eam4 ,?is 0 accompli%$ by ! asc5d+ pipe k1 :i* 0 sometimes c>ri$ sixty feet high] ?an ! /eam-vessel s2 & a ref]5ce to ! great expansive =ce ( /eam w %[ t ?is op]ation mu/ be att5d$ ) consid]able dang]4 ,aft] cond5s+ ! /eam & fill+ ! vessel r ) wat]1 a new supply ( /eam 0 !n introduc$1 :i* press+ on ! surface ( ! wat]1 drove x up ! pipe k2 & x w be evid5t t ! pressure on ! int]nal surface ( ! boil] mu/ be proportion$ to ! height ( ! column ( wat] ?us rais$ by ! /eam4 ,! pr9cipal objection to ?is =m ( ! eng9e arises f ! great consumption ( fuel1 a consid]able portion ( ! caloric employ$ 9 ! g5]ation ( ! /eam be+ absorb$ 9 heat+ ! new surface ( cold wat] la/ rais$ f ! well2 & :]e great heights are requir$1 !re appe>s no mode ( completely obviat+ ?is objection4 ,%\ld x1 h[ev]1 be requir$ m]ely to raise wat] ab\t ?irty feet1 !re are few contrivances m economical or bett] adapt$ = g5]al use4 ,:ile speak+ ( ,sav]y's app>atus x may be adviseable to notice ! v +5i\s adaptation ( ! same pr9ciple to ! con/ruction ( a gas eng9e1 by ,mr4 ,br[n4 ,9 ! latt] case a vacuum is =m$ by ! introduction ( an inflam$ jet ( c>burett$ hydrog5 gas1 :i* consumes ! oxyg51 & r>efies ! nitrog51 by ! increase ( temp]ature :i* ensues4 ,! vacuum ?us produc$ is mu* m p]fect ?an w\ld at fir/ view h be5 suppos$1 f ! nature ( ! process resort$ to by ! pat5tee2 b ! economy ( employ+ c>burett$ hydrog5 gas z a sub/itute = cond5sible vap\r is /ill some:at problematic4#aj #aj ,s9ce writ+ ! above1 ! ,editor has se5 a report on ,mr4 ,br[n's eng9e by ,pr(essor ,mill+ton1 9 :i* x is di/9ctly /at$ t ! app>atus is fully adapt$ to ! purpose = :i* x is int5d$4 ,to m fully und]/& ! nature ( ,mr4 ,br[n's eng9e1 x may be bett] to rev]t to a diagram1 :i* w suffici5tly expla9 its g5]al pr9ciples4 ,illu/ration ,9 ! above view1 ! cyl9d]s c & d1 are ! vessels 9 :i* a vacuum is alt]nately effect$2 g i g & h j h are two pipes1 lead+ into ! l[] cyl9d]s x x1 %ewn 9 ! next page1 f :i* ! wat] rises along ^? pipes to fill ! vacuum cyl9d]s alt]nately4 ,! wat] ?us suppli$ is dis*>g$ ?r\gh ! pipes ,b into ! tank or tr\gh z1 :]e x falls ^u ! ov]%ot wat]-:eel1 &1 by ! rotatory motion ?us produc$1 gives p[] to su* ma*9]y z may be connect$ to x4 ,! wat] runs f ! :eel along a case surr\nd+ ! l[] half1 into a res]voir v1 f :i* ! l[] cyl9d]s x x1 are alt]nately suppli$4 ,! gas is suppli$ to ! cyl9d]s by ! pipes k k k1 :i* mu/ be1 ( c\rse1 atta*$ to a gasomet]1 or "s o!r res]voir ( gas4 ,! gas also passes along ! small pipe l l 7:i* communicates also ) ! gasomet]71 & be+ light$ at bo? ends ( t pipe1 is kept con/antly burn+ 9 ord] to ignite ! gas )9 ! cyl9d]s4 ,! gas be+ admitt$ along ! pipe k1 ! flame f ! pipe l is n[ freely communicat$ to ! gas 9 ! cyl9d]1 ?r\gh ! orifice1 by ! op5+ ( ! slid+ valve s1 :i* is rais$ by ! arm r1 lift$ by ! rod o by means ( ! beam4 ,! wat] 9 ! res]voir v pass+ d[n "o ( ! pipes w1 into "o ( ! l[] cyl9d]s x1 causes ! float y 9 t cyl9d] to rise1 &1 pu%+ up ! rod o1 raises ! end b ( ! beam1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 draws up ) x ! cap f1 & =ces d[n ! cap e ( ! o!r cyl9d] c4 ,illu/ration ,! alt]nate action ( ea* cyl9d] is produc$ by *a9s & rods1 atta*$ to a glass or iron vessel p1 m ?an half fill$ ) m]cury1 & turn+ ^u a pivot2 ea* end receives its movem5ts ( elevation & depression f ! rise & fall ( ! project+ arms q1 by ! action ( ! beam above2 ! m]cury )9 fl[+ to ! l[] end1 giv+ an impetus1 & ?us regulat+ ! supply ( gas to ! cyl9d]s1 & ! movem5t ( ! slide 9 ! tr\gh v4 ,by ?is action ! wat] f ! res]voir fl[s d[n ! pipe w1 into ! vessel x1 & produces ! elevation ( ! float y & ! rod n1 & raises ! cap e by ! asc5t ( ! beam at a4 ,! motion ?us produc$ 9 "o "p ( ! ma*9]y1 op]ates ^u ! correspond+ p>ts on ! o!r side1 & h5ce a correspond+ motion is obta9$3 ! slid] 9 ! tr\gh v1 mov$ by ! action ( ! m]curial tube p1 be+ remov$ f its position1 all[s ! wat] to fall into ! o!r pipe w2 &1 z x asc5ds1 suff]s ! float y to desc5d1 & ris+ into ! ma9 cyl9d]1 !n lifts aga9 ! beam at b1 & its connexions1 & =ces d[n ! cap e on ! top ( ! o!r cyl9d]4 ,:5 ! vacuum is produc$ 9 ! cyl9d]s1 ! air mu/ be admitt$ to all[ ! wat] to be dis*>g$1 & ! caps to be rais$3 ?is is effect$ by a slid+ valve 9 ! air-pipe m m1 act$ ^u by *a9s t t1 atta*$ to ! floats 9 ! res]voir1 & z motion is giv5 to !m1 ! valve is made to fly backw>ds & =w>ds1 s z to all[ ! free admission ( atmosph]ic air4 ,*a9s u u1 ) susp5d$ weights1 op5 ! cocks 9 ! pipe k k1 & produce ! alt]nate fl[ ( ! gas1 & regulate & modify its supply4 ,9 ! pipes g i g1 & h j h1 are clacks to prev5t ! return ( ! wat]1 :5 ! air is admitt$ into ! cyl9d]s4 ,a pi/on may be work$ z is above describ$1 ) ! ma*9]y atta*$2 b x may also be work$ 9 a di/9ct vessel s z to communicate ) sev]al cyl9d]s1 &1 consequ5tly1 sev]al pi/ons may "w at ! same "t1 ! air & vacuum valves be+ op5$ & clos$ by simil> means to ^? adapt$ to "w ! induction & eduction valves ( /eam-eng9es4 ,! atmosph]ic eng9e comes next 9 ord]1 & its claim to practical utility is ( a v e>ly date4 ,illu/ration ,! cyl9d] b1 is 9 ?is eng9e plac$ ov] a boil] n1 & if we suppose ! pi/on p made to fit air-tight1 x w be evid5t1 t x mu/ be driv5 up by ! action ( ! /eam b5ea?1 %\ld a suffici5t supply ( heat be appli$2 :5 ?is is effect$1 ! cond5sible vap\r may be r$uc$ to its orig9al bulk1 by ! introduction ( wat] f ! ci/]n i4 ,9 ! work+ eng9e h[ev]1 ! asc5t ( ! pi/on is effect$ by ! action ( ! lev] e g1 act+ on ! fulcrum f4 ,to ! end g ( ?is lev] or work+ beam is atta*$ ! pump-rod h1 & x w be evid5t t :5ev] t prepond]ates ov] ! pi/on p1 t ! latt] mu/ be drawn up4 ,on ! readmission ( ! /eam1 a new supply ( cond5s+ wat] is introduc$ by turn+ ! cock l1 & ! pressure ( ! atmosph]e above ! pi/on be+ unbalanc$ by any resi/ance b5ea?1 ! end e is aga9 depress$1 & ! pump-rod aga9 elevat$4 ,! pipe g is employ$ to c>ry (f ! cond5s+ wat]1 :i* w\ld o!rwise accumulate )9 ! cyl9d]2 & ! small =c+ pump1 ) its rod v s1 supplies ! cond5s+ ci/]n i1 by ! pipe t4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! la/ c5tury1 ! atmosph]ic eng9e _h made consid]able progress 9 ! m9+ di/ricts1 & 9 #agah1 ! pat5tees agre$ to erect an eng9e = ! own]s ( a colli]y1 9 ! c\nty ( ,durham1 :]e sev]al hundr$ horses _h previ\sly be5 employ$4 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,beighton1 :o 0 engag$ z an ag5t 9 ?is conc]n1 mat]ially improv$ ! eng9e by mak+ x self-act+1 & dive/+ x ( ne>ly all ! complicat$ ma*9]y1 :i* _h be5 previ\sly employ$ = t purpose4 ,a v simple & at ! same "t +5i\s mode ( illu/rat+ ! op]ations ( an atmosph]ic /eam-eng9e w be f\nd 9 ! annex$ app>atus1 sugge/$ by ,pr(essor ,br&e1 & employ$ 9 8 lectures at ! ,london ,in/itution4 ,illu/ration ,! glass tube & bulb b is %ewn ) its pi/on a1 ! rod be+ holl[ & clos$ by a screw c4 ,if /eam be g5]at$ by ! _s lamp d1 ! air w spe$ily be expell$1 & aft] ?is is effect$1 ! screw c may be clos$1 & a work+ /roke produc$ by artificial cond5sation4 ,we come n[ to a new & di/9ct era 9 ! hi/ory ( ?is important inv5tion1 & 9 notic+ ! lab\rs ( ,mr4 ,watt1 we may almo/ speak ( 8 eng9e z ! gigantic (fspr+ ( a h& giv+ bir? to an automaton1 no less p[]ful ?an t ( ! fabl$ en*ant]s ( ! old5 "t4 ,mr4 ,watt's fir/ great improvem5t 9 ! eng9e ( ,newcom5 may be be/ und]/ood by ref]5ce to ! annex$ diagram1 9 :i* a repres5ts ! cyl9d]1 & b its plug or pi/on made to fit air-tight4 ,! pipe d is furni%$ ) a /op-cock1 by means ( :i* ! ela/ic vap\r is occasionally admitt$4--,a simil> pipe1 furni%$ ) a /op-cock at f1 passes f ! o!r side ( ! cyl9d]1 & ent]s ! vessel g2 e be+ ! res]voir to conta9 wat]4 ,illu/ration ,if we n[ suppose ! pi/on at ! bottom ( ! cyl9d]1 & /eam admitt$ by ! pipe d1 its expansive =ce w elevate ! pi/on1 & :5 ! air is expell$1 ! :ole int]nal cavity ( ! tube w be fill$ ) cond5sible vap\r4 ,on clos+ ! /eam-cock1 & op5+ t connect$ ) ! vessel g1 a portion ( ! vap\r w imm$iately exp& itself1 & com+ 9 contact ) ! cold sides ( ! vessel1 a portion ( its heat mu/ be absorb$ by ! wat] at e4 ,a new portion ( /eam !n desc5ds1 & is also cond5s$1 & inde$ ! same process cont9ues till ! :ole ( ! /eam is drawn f ! tube4 ,a vacuum be+ ?us =m$1 ! pressure ( ! atmosph]e w prepond]ate1 & ! pi/on rod be depress$ to ! bottom ( ! tube4 ,on clos+ ! /op-cock f1 a new supply ( /eam may be admitt$ by ! o!r pipe1 & aft] rais+ ! pi/on1 ! process ( cond5sation may be readily repeat$4 ,! advantages t arise f ?is mode ( =m+ a vacuum are v consid]able1 n ! lea/ important ( :i*1 is a sav+ ( ne>ly half ! fuel4 ,9 ! old eng9e1 ! cond5s+ wat] mu/ r$uce ! temp]ature ( ! int]nal surface ( ! cyl9d] to t ( ! atmosph]e1 be=e a vacuum c\ld be produc$1 & :5 ! cond5s+ wat] 0 appli$ m sp>+ly1 ! ela/ic vap\r rema9+ 9 ! cyl9d] 0 f\nd to mat]ially r$uce ! pressure ( ! air op]at+ above4 ,f ?is x w be se5 t ! great advantage ( ,mr4 ,watt's app>atus consi/s 9 p]=m+ ! cond5sation 9 a sep>ate vessel1 s t ! cyl9d] is always pres]v$ at ! temp]ature ( boil+ wat]4 ,hav+ ?us produc$ a vacuum )\t ! int]v5tion ( cond5s+ wat] b5ea? ! pi/on1 ,mr4 ,watt's next improvem5t consi/$ 9 clos+ ! top ( ! cyl9d]1 s t ! pi/on-rod work$ ?r\gh an air-tight hole 9 ! c5tre ( ! cap2 & to ensure ! necess>y pressure )9 ! cyl9d]1 /eam ) an ela/ic =ce great] ?an t ( ! atmosph]e 0 admitt$ above ! pi/on4 ,! atmosph]ic eng9e ( ,newcom5 0 ?us conv]t$ into a /eam-eng9e1 & its p[] 0 easily regulat$4 ,a cyl9d] & pi/on con/ruct$ on ! mo/ improv$ pr9ciples may n[ be exam9$4 ,illu/ration ,9 ! annex$ diagram1 ! cyl9d] ,a is furni%$ ) a /eam-tight pi/on1 ! rod ( :i* is suppos$ to be connect$ ) ! work+ beam4 ,b repres5ts ! pipe :i* admits ! /eam f ! boil]1 ! quantity be+ regulat$ by ! ?rottle valve c1 & ! ela/ic vap\r is n[ pass+ ?r\gh ! box d d1 s t x ent]s b5ea? ! pi/on4 ,at ! same in/ant ( "t1 a communication is =m$ ?r\gh ! ap]ture m n to ! pipe p1 :i* leads to ! cond5s]4 ,:5 ! pi/on rea*es ! top ( ! cyl9d]1 ! slid+ bridge or valve has its direction *ang$1 s t ! pipe r1 & consequ5tly ! bottom ( ! cyl9d]1 is connect$ ) ! cond5s]1 :ile a passage is op5$ f ! pipe m n to ! /eam box4 ,?us a communication is alt]nately made betwe5 ! top & bottom ( ! pi/on4 ,! slide-valve repres5t$ above is n inv>iably employ$ 9 ! d\ble-act+ eng9es1 & we frequ5tly f9d ! annex$ contrivance resort$ to1 9 "s ( ! be/ eng9es4 ,illu/ration ,! pipe #ad repres5ts ! passage to ! cyl9d]1 & a communication is n[ op5$ ) ! /eam *amb] g4 ,! rais$ valve is p]=at$ & a simil> valve b5ea? clos$ by ! rod :i* passes ?r\gh x4 ,on clos+ ! valve g1 ! l[] valve h is op5$1 & a free passage betwe5 ! cond5s+ pipe b5ea? & ! upp] "p ( ! cyl9d] is ! result4 ,if we n[ suppose a simil> d\ble valve plac$ at ! bottom ( ! cyl9d]1 x w easily be se5 t an effect simil> to t describ$ 9 ! slid+ valve w be produc$4 ,! spe$ ( ! eng9e is regulat$ by a v +5i\s contrivance introduc$ by ,mr4 ,watt1 call$ ! gov]nor1 & repres5t$ b5ea?4 ,illu/ration ,! balls i i are support$ by ! b5t lev]s h f1 & z !y are made to revolve ) ! fly :eel axis1 by means ( a b& pass+ r\nd ! pulley c1 any increase 9 ! spe$ ( ! eng9e w cause ! balls to div]ge4 ,! mom5t ?is takes place1 ! %ort] arm ( ! lev] n is depress$1 & z ! extremity l is connect$ ) ! /eam-pipe by ! ?rottle valve1 ! supply ( /eam mu/ ( necessity be dim9i%$1 & ! spe$ ( ! eng9e r$uc$4 ,z ! work+ p[] ( ! eng9e dep5ds v mat]ially on ! accurate fitt+ ( ! pi/on1 x may be adviseable to exam9e "s ( ! modes ( effect+ ?is important object4 ,mr4 ,smeaton1 :o greatly improv$ ! atmosph]ic eng9e1 coat$ ! "u side ( ! pi/on ) elm or bee* planks ab\t two in*es ?ick2 ! wood5 bottom be+ screw$ to ! iron ) a d\ble ?ickness ( flannel & t>1 to exclude ! air betwe5 ! iron & ! wood4 ,by ! adoption ( ?is improvem5t1 its prop]ty ( conduct+ heat 0 r$uc$1 & ! wood hav+ be5 previ\sly jo9t$1 ) ! gra9 radiat+ 9 all directions f ! c5tre1 0 n liable to exp& by ! heat$ /eam4 ,?is pi/on 0 kept air-tight by a small /ream ( wat] cont9ually fall+ on its upp] surface2 b 9 ,mr4 ,watt's eng9e he 0 compell$ to make ! pi/on fit tight )\t any o!r m$ia ?an ! oil t 0 employ$ to lubricate x4 ,! pi/on is n[ ca/ ) a project+ rim at bottom1 :i* is fitt$ z accurately z possible2 ! "p above ! rim be+ ab\t f\r in*es less ?an ! cyl9d]1 ?us leav+ a circul> groove = ! hemp :i* =ms ! pack+4 ,to keep ?is 9 its place1 a lid or cov] is put ov] ! top ( ! pi/on1 ) a projection :i* ent]s into ! circul> groove = ! pack+1 & press+ ^u x1 ! plate is =c$ d[n by screws1 :i* "w into ! body ( ! pi/on4 ,by ?is means ! pack+ is made to fill ! int]nal "p ( ! cyl9d] ) tol]able accuracy1 & ?us prev5ts = a "t any /eam pass+ betwe5 ! pi/on & ! cyl9d]4 ,:51 h[ev]1 by cont9u$ work+1 ! pack+ ceases to fit1 x occasions a wa/e ( /eam1 to rem$y :i*1 ! cyl9d] cap mu/ be remov$1 & z ?is is att5d$ ) a consid]able degree ( tr\ble to ! eng9e-man1 x is seldom att5d$ to till a consid]able loss ( p[] has aris54 ,!re are two improvem5ts on ! pi/on1 by :i* ?is inconv5i5ce is to a c]ta9 ext5t obviat$4 ,9 ! fir/1 by ,mr4 ,woolfs1 ea* ( ! screws is furni%$ ) a :eel or nut1 & ^! are all connect$ toge!r by means ( a c5tral :eel1 work+ loose ^u ! pi/on-rod 9 su* a mann]1 t if any "o ( ! screws be turn$1 a simil> motion is giv5 to ! rema9d]4 ,illu/ration ,9 a pi/on ?us con/ruct$1 !re is little difficulty 9 draw+ d[n ! pack+1 by apply+ a key to ! squ>e head ( ! project+ screw1 employ$ to communicate ) ! re/3 ! key-hole be+ aft]w>ds clos$ by a cap4 ,! second contrivance is by ,mr4 ,b>ton1 a diagram ( :i*1 accompani$ by a pi/on z x is usually con/ruct$1 is %ewn b5ea?4 ,illu/ration ,9 ! fir/ pi/on1 ! screws i i are made to compress ! pack+ h h1 by act+ ^u ! plate n n1 ! pi/on-rod r be+ firmly atta*$ by ! nut c4 ,9 "o ( ! modifications ( ,b>ton's pi/on1 on ! contr>y1 ! pack+ is disp5s$ )1 z ! flexible spr+s t t t press ^u ! w$ges c c c1 & exp& ! int]m$iate plates4 ,a break-jo9t is readily =m$1 by mak+ ! s]ies ( plates d\ble2 ! second set ( plates fall+ ^u ! spaces :i* occur betwe5 ! fir/ r[4 ,! action ( ! high pressure eng9e dep5ds ^u ! great ela/ic =ce acquir$ by /eam1 :5 expos$ to ! action ( heat at v high temp]atures4--,x may inde$ be consid]$ z a return to ! pr9ciple ( ,brancas & ! ,m>quis ( ,worce/]1 z 9 ?is eng9e no cond5s+ wat] is necess>y2 & x acts m]ely by ! ela/ic or repellant =ce ( /eam4 ,9 ! high pressure eng9e1 ! cond5s] is tak5 away2 & ! /eam1 in/ead ( be+ conv]t$ into wat] by artificial cold 9 a close vessel1 is all[$ to escape into ! atmosph]e f "o side ( ! pi/on1 :ile x is act+ =cibly on ! o!r4 ,! advantages ( ! high pressure eng9e ov] t us$ ) a cond5s]1 are *eapness 9 con/ruction1 & a sav+ ( ! :ole exp5se att5dant on procur+ a suffici5t supply ( cond5s+ wat]1 :i* 9 "s cases is an object ( consid]able importance4 ,illu/ration ,9 ! annex$ section1 ! pi/on ,b passes ?r\gh an air-tight /uff+ box1 & ! /eam is ent]+ b5ea? x1 by ! f\r-way cock ,e4 ,if we n[ suppose ! pi/on at ! top ( ! cyl9d]1 a new arrangem5t ( ! communicat+ pipe takes place1 z ! /eam :i* 0 b5ea? escapes1 :ile a fre% supply ent]s above4 ,! f\r-way cock may be be/ expla9$ by a section 9 ! opposite direction4 ,two pipes are se5 at ! l[] extremity ( ! cock1 :i* communicate ) ! upp] & "u sides ( ! pi/on4 ,! ap]ture ,d op5s to ! air1 :ile ! pipe ,c s]ves = ! admission ( /eam f ! boil]4 ,illu/ration ,we h n[ to notice ! d\ble cyl9d] eng9e con/ruct$ by ,woolfs1 :i* w be f\nd1 by ref]5ce to ! diagram 9 ! prec$+ page1 to consi/ ( a high pressure cyl9d]1 connect$ ) a cond5s+ app>atus4 ,a & ,b repres5t ! two cyl9d]s1 9 ! l>g] ( :i* ! /eam is all[$ to exp& itself1 aft] pass+ f ! high pressure cyl9d] ,b4 ,! /eam1 :i* 9 ! fir/ in/ance is ( consid]able ela/icity1 is admitt$ to ! cyl9d] ,b1 by ! tube & valve ,e1 & ent]+ ! cyl9d] above its pi/on1 impels x to ! bottom4 ,:5 ?is is effect$1 a communication is op5$ betwe5 ! upp] "p ( ! cyl9d] ,b1 & ! "u side ( ! cyl9d] ,a4 ,! communication betwe5 ! cyl9d] ,b & ! /eam-pipe ,e1 is n[ rev]s$1 & ! /eam is made to press on ! "u side ( ! pi/on ,b1 a communication be+ at ! same "t =m$ betwe5 ! upp] "p ( ! cyl9d] ,a1 & ! pipe lead+ to ! cond5s] :i* is se5 b5ea?4 ,s t if we suppose ! two pi/ons connect$ by means ( _! rods ) "o end ( an ord9>y work+ beam1 ! upw>d & d[nw>d /rokes ( ea* w be p]=m$ at ! same "t4 ,we h hi!rto consid]$ ! /eam z pass+ direct f ! boil] to ! cyl9d] ,b2 ?is1 h[ev]1 is 9 reality effect$ by a m circuit\s r\te1 z x is 9 ! fir/ in/ance admitt$ to ! /eam-case ( ! l>g] cyl9d] by ! pipe ,c1 & pass+ r\nd a simil> case1 encircl+ ! cyl9d] ,b1 x is !n made to ent] at ,e4 ,! pipe at ,d is m]ely int5d$ to =m a communication = c>ry+ back to ! boil] any wat] t may be produc$ by cond5sation 9 ! /eam-case1 be=e ! eng9e arrives at a prop] temp]ature = work+4 ,hav+ ?us briefly exam9$ ! nature ( ,mr4 ,woolf's eng9e1 x may n[ be advisable to rev]t to ! boil]1 by :i* he proposes to g5]ate /eam ( suffici5t ela/icity = ! use ( ! small cyl9d]1 :i* requires ela/ic vap\r ( great expansive =ce4 ,! boil]1 repres5t$ by ! diagram b5ea?1 consi/s ( a s]ies ( tubes1 ( ca/-iron1 connect$ by screw-bolts ) ! "u side ( a l>g] vessel ,a ,a1 communicat+ ) ! eng9e4 ,! upp] boil] is furni%$ ) f\r1 & 9 "s cases1 ) five ap]tures2 ! fir/ ( :i* is int5d$ = ! admission ( wat]1 to supply ! wa/e :i* cont9ually arises f evaporation4 ,! safety valves1 man-hole1 & wat]-pipe are also %ewn4 ,illu/ration ,! mode ( sett+ ?is boil] is also ( consid]able importance1 z x is advisable to give a long & wav+ c\rse to ! *imney4 ,illu/ration ,a ,a /ill repres5ts ! pr9cipal boil]1 :ile ! figures #a1 #b1 #c1 c4 indicate ! passage ( ! flame & heat$ air2 a section ( ! *imney be+ %ewn at ,o4 ,! /eel-y>d safety-valve :i* 0 employ$ 9 all ! e>ly eng9es is simple1 & ! nature ( its con/ruction may readily be und]/ood4 ,a repres5ts a portion ( ! upp] "p ( ! boil]2 ,b ! safety-valve or plug made to fit air-tight on ! valve-seat b5ea?2 ,c ! lev] work+ on its axis at ,d1 & furni%$ ) a moveable weight ,e1 adju/$ to balance ! pressure ( /eam )9 ! boil]4 ,illu/ration ,:5 /eam ( great ela/icity is requir$1 ! weight is plac$ at ! extremity ( ! lev]1 & z su*1 acts ) great] =ce on ! safety-valve1 ?an :5 remov$ to a po9t ne>] to ! axis on :i* x revolves3 s t %\ld l[ pressure /eam1 or t :i* has a less expansive =ce1 be requir$1 x w only be necess>y to remove x ne>] t[>ds ! axis on :i* x turns4 ,! lev] & balance-ball safety valve already describ$1 appe> b little calculat$ = ^? eng9es 9 :i* high pressure /eam is employ$1 z ! eng9e-man1 9 an ov] anxi\s zeal = ! full p]=mance ( ! ma*9]y confid$ to 8 c>e1 has be5 frequ5tly kn[n to increase ! int]nal pressure ( a l>ge boil] _m ?\s& p\nds beyond ! resi/ance to :i* x 0 orig9ally prov$4 ,to prev5t a recurr5ce ( ^? accid5ts1 :i* fir/ drew ! att5tion ( ! legislature to ?is important "p ( ! eng9e1 x appe>s advisable to inclose ! safety-valve 9 an iron case1 ( :i* a section is annex$4 ,illu/ration ,! valve ,b 9 ?is case re/s ^u a conical seat 9 ! boil] ,a1 & is furni%$ ) a s]ies ( small moveable plates lett]$ c1 :i* are employ$ to increase or dim9i% ! entire weight ( ! safety-valve1 ! :ole be+ cov]$ by ! box ,d2 & z ?is is pi]c$ ) a numb] ( small holes1 ! /eam readily escapes :5 ! expansive =ce exce$s ! resi/ance (f]$ by ! load$ valve4 ,! pat5t revolv+ :eel inv5t$ by ,mr4 ,ma/]man1 appe>s to promise ! be/ results ( any rotatory eng9e yet inv5t$1 ! friction be+ mu* less ?an 9 any o!r app>atus 9 :i* /eam is employ$ z a prime mov]4 ,9 ?is eng9e1 ,mr4 ,ma/]man proposes to employ wat]1 or ! fluid metal m]cury z ! imm$iate ag5t1 :i* he effects by inclos+ x 9 ! tubul> rim ( a l>ge :eel1 furni%$ ) valves op5+ 9 "o direction4 ,?is :eel1 z is %ewn 9 ! opposite diagram1 is made to revolve on a holl[ axis connect$ ) ! /eam boil]4 ,! arms or spokes :i* radiate f ! axis are also holl[2 & on ! admission ( /eam f ! boil]1 x is conduct$ ?r\gh ! arm imm$iately opposite1 & ent]+ ! rim ( ! :eel1 comes 9 contact )1 & presses aga9/ ! column ( wat] b5ea? & ! clos$ valve above ! arm4 ,! wat] be+ previ\sly heat$ to ! boil+ po9t1 no cond5sation ensues1 b ! :ole weight ( wat]1 :i* 0 previ\sly balanc$ 9 two columns ( equal height1 is driv51 by ! pressure ( ! /eam1 to ! side opposite to t at :i* ! ela/ic vap\r ent]$1 & t side ( ! :eel w necess>ily prepond]ate4 ,if ?is process be repeat$1 ! /eam be+ all[$ to bl[ ?r\gh ea* radiat+ arm 9 succession1 a cont9u\s rotatory motion w be produc$4 ,%\ld x be advisable to employ /eam ( less ela/icity1 a cond5s] may be add$1 & t too )\t mat]ially increas+ ! exp5se4 ,illu/ration ,! application ( /eam-eng9es to ! propell+ ( c>riages on ! public road1 has hi!rto be5 consid]$ z a ref9em5t 9 me*anics1 r to be wi%$ = ?an a matt] ( reasonable expectation4 ,! locomotive eng9e 0 fir/ employ$ = ?is purpose by ,messrs4 ,trevi?ick & ,vivian1 9 #ahjb2 & x f\nd a ready introduction to ! m9+ di/ricts :]e rail-roads are g5]al4 ,9 "s cases1 five1 six1 & ev5 t5 waggons lad5 ) coal are dragg$ up an incl9$ plane by means ( ^! vehicles2 & ( c\rse impell$ by a high pressure eng9e1 f ! utt] impossibility ( c>ry+ cond5s+ wat] 9 a moveable vehicle4 ,an eng9e ( f\r horses' p[]1 employ$ by ,mr4 ,bl5k9sop1 impell$ a c>riage lightly load$ on a rail-road at ! rate ( t5 miles an h\r1 & :5 connect$ ) ?irty coal waggons1 ea* weigh+ m ?an ?ree tons1 its av]age rate 0 ab\t "o-?ird ( t pace4 ,:5 ! locomotive eng9e 0 fir/ tri$1 x 0 f\nd difficult to produce a suffici5t degree ( re-action betwe5 ! :eels & ! tract road2 s t ! :eels turn$ r\nd )\t propell+ ! vehicle4 ,?is inconv5i5ce 01 h[ev]1 obviat$ by ,mr4 ,bl5k9sop1 :o1 :5 he adopt$ ! locomotive eng9e1 took up ! common rails1 on "o side ( ! :ole l5g? ( ! road1 & replac$ !m by a s]ies ( racks1 or rails1 furni%$ ) l>ge tee?4 ,! impell+ :eel ( ! eng9e 0 made to act 9 ^! tee?1 s t x cont9u$ to "w 9 a rack :i* insur$ a suffici5t degree ( re-action4 ,f ! great weight ( an ord9>y locomotive eng9e z well z ! con/ruction ( its impell+ :eel1 x mu/ be evid5t t ! employm5t ( ?is species ( prime mov] on ! public roads w\ld be 9 ! highe/ degree de/ructive2 & z su* t its use w = "s ye>s to come be p>tially conf9$ to ! m9+ di/ricts1 9 :i* ! greate/ facilities are (f]$ = its g5]al adoption4 ,inde$1 we f9d 9 "o neighb\rhood alone1 & )9 a space ( less ?an ?irty squ>e miles1 m ?an tw5ty miles ( road admirably adapt$ = ?is species ( conveyance2 & x is a well kn[n fact1 t !re are _m situations 9 :i* iron rail-roads might be advantage\sly employ$1 9 :i* x w\ld be q impossible to op5 a navigable canal4 ,9 illu/ration ( ! above fact1 x may be prop] to /ate1 t a company1 ) a l>ge capital1 is n[ =m+ = ! express purpose ( facilitat+ ! conveyance ( goods by locomotive eng9es4 ,! mode ( apply+ ! /eam-eng9e to ! purposes ( navigation is equally simple ) its employm5t 9 our manufactures4 ,x is g5]ally suppos$ t ! /eam-boat is ( v rec5t inv5tion2 on ! contr>y1 h[ev]1 ! possibility ( employ+ /eam z a prime mov] 9 ! propell+ ( vessels 0 sugge/$ z f> back z ! reign ( ,*>les ,i4 ,9 "o ( ! old tracts pres]v$ 9 ! libr>y ( ! ,london ,in/itution !re is a v curi\s repres5tation ( a /eam-boat1 con/ruct$ by an eng9e] ( ! "n ( ,hulls4 ,& ?is individual1 n[ s little kn[n1 0 und\bt$ly ! fir/ :o appli$ a /eam-eng9e to ! purpose ( navigation4 ,to impel a vessel by ?is means1 two paddle :eels1 l ^? us$ 9 an "u-%ot wat]-:eel1 are connect$ by means ( a long axis & crank1 ) ! work+ beam ( ! /eam-eng9e2 & if ?is motion is n f\nd suffici5tly rapid1 a :eel & p9ion are add$1 :i*1 al?\gh x decreases ! effective p[] ( ! eng9e1 yet increases ! velocity ( ! paddle :eels4 ,to illu/rate ! great advantages possess$ by ! /eam-eng9e1 ev5 9 its rude/ /ate1 ov] e o!r species ( prime mov] yet enum]at$1 x may n[ be advisable to exam9e its effective =ce :5 employ$ 9 ! work+ ( pumps4 ,x has be5 f\nd t "o hundr$ weight ( coals burn$ 9 an eng9e on ! old con/ruction1 w\ld raise at lea/ tw5ty ?\s& cubic feet ( wat] tw5ty-f\r feet high2 an eng9e ) a tw5ty-f\r in* cyl9d] do+ ! "w ( sev5ty f\r horses4 ,an eng9e on ,capt4 ,sav]y's plan1 con/ruct$ by ,mr4 ,keir1 has be5 f\nd to raise ne>ly ?ree millions ( p\nds ( wat]1 & ,mr4 ,watt's eng9e1 upw>ds ( ?irty millions ( p\nds ! same height4 ,to ! m9+ int]e/s ?is valuable pres5t ( sci5ce to ! arts has be5 peculi>ly acceptable2 z a l>ge portion ( our n[ mo/ productive m9]al di/ricts mu/ long ere ?is h be5 ab&on$1 _h n ! /eam-eng9e be5 employ$ z an active auxili>y 9 ^? /up5d\s works4 ,9 ! dra9+ ( f5s & m>% l&s1 ?is ma*9e is 9 ! highe/ degree valuable2 & 9 ,engl&1 p>ticul>ly1 x might be r5d]$ /ill m g5]ally useful4 ,9 practice x has be5 asc]ta9$ t an eng9e ( six-horse p[] w dra9 m ?an eight ?\s& acres1 rais+ ! wat] six feet 9 height2 :il/ ! co/ ( an eng9e = ?is species ( "w1 includ+ ! pumps1 w n exce$ sev5 hundr$ p\nds4 ,?is is m ?an t5 w9dmills c\ld p]=m1 at an annual exp5diture ( sev]al hundr$ p\nds2 :ile1 9 ! =m] case1 ! outgo+s w n exce$ "o hundr$ & fifty p\nds p] annum4 ,to ! m>9] also1 ! /eam-eng9e (f]s advantages ( a no less important & novel nature ?an ^? :i* h already be5 describ$4 ,by its use he is enabl$ to trav]se ! wat]s bo? aga9/ w9d & tide1 ) ne>ly z mu* c]ta9ty1 &1 z ! ma*9]y is n[ con/ruct$1 ) mu* less dang]1 ?an by ! mo/ eligible road conveyance4 ,x too frequ5tly1 h[ev]1 happ5s t ! faults ( any new inv5tion are unju/ly magnifi$1 :ile its real advantages are seldom duly appreciat$2 & ?is axiom has be5 fully v]ifi$1 9 ! clam\r s unju/ly rais$ aga9/ ! application ( ! /eam-eng9e to nautical purposes4 ,accid5ts are n[1 h[ev]1 b ( r>e occurr5ce2 & x is m ?an probable1 t ! great improvem5ts :i* h be5 made 9 ! boil] & safety-valve w effectually secure ^! p>ts ( ! eng9e f a recurr5ce ( su* trem5d\s explosions z *>act]is$ ! fir/ introduction ( /eam navigation4 ,&1 la/ly1 ! political economi/ mu/ hail ) ! mo/ he>tfelt gratification1 ! introduction ( s able & effici5t a sub/itute = animal lab\r z ! /eam-eng9e4 ,= x has be5 calculat$ t !re are at lea/ t5 ?\s& ( ^! ma*9es at ! pres5t "t at "w 9 ,great ,brita91 p]=m+ a lab\r m ?an equal to t ( two hundr$ ?\s& horses1 :i*1 if f$ 9 ! ord9>y way1 w\ld require above "o million acres ( l& = subsi/5ce2 & ?is is capable ( supply+ ! necess>ies ( life to m ?an fifte5 hundr$ ?\s& human be+s4#aa #aa ,vide ,hi/orical ,acc\nt ( ! ,/eam-eng9e1 by ,c4 ,f4 ,p>t+ton4 ,an +5i\s =eign]1 :o lately visit$ ,engl&1 has publi%$ an e/imate ( ! me*anical =ce set 9 action by ! /eam-eng9es ( ?is c\ntry4 ,he supposes t ! great pyramid ( ,egypt requir$ = its erection ! lab\r ( m ?an #aj1jjj m5 = #bj ye>s3--b if x 7 requir$ aga9 to raise ! /ones f ! qu>ries1 & place !m at _! pres5t height1 ! action ( ! /eam-eng9es ( ,engl&1 :i* are manag$ at mo/ by #cf1jjj m51 w\ld be suffici5t to produce ! same effect 9 #ah h\rs4 ,,! ,,end4 ,,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,c4 ,,r[or?1 ,,bell ,,y>d1 ,,temple ,,b>4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s note3 ,m9or typographical & punctuation errors h be5 correct$ )\t note4 ,irregul>ities & inconsi/5cies 9 ! text h be5 reta9$ z pr9t$4 ,! cov] = ! e,book v]sion ( ?is book 0 creat$ by ! transcrib] & is plac$ 9 ! public doma94 ,on pages #hd & #he !re are two items bo? ( :i* are numb]$ ,,lxxxviii4 ,! table ( cont5ts reflects ! same4 ,9 ! table ( cont5ts ! foll[+ page numb]s h be5 *ang$ to mat* ! book3 ,page lxxxii3 #cc4 ,a ,ne$le ,alphabet--#ci *ang$ to #ch #ch4 ,a ,sieve ,alphabet--ibid4 *ang$ to #da ,page lxxxiv3 #gi4 ,a total lock+ ( ,cab9et ,boxes--#gh *ang$ to #gg #hj4 ,light ,pi/ol ,b>rels--ibid4 *ang$ to #gh