,,int]pretations ,,( ,,poetry ,,& ,,religion ,,by ,,george ,,santayana ,,new ,,york ,,*>les ,,scribn]',s ,,sons #aijj ,,preface ,! foll[+ volume is compos$ ( a numb] ( pap]s writt5 at v>i\s times & already p>tially pr9t$2 !y are n[ revis$ & ga!r$ toge!r 9 ! hope t !y may lead ! read]1 f some:at diff]5t po9ts ( approa*1 to a s+le idea4 ,?is idea is t religion & poetry are id5tical 9 ess5ce1 & diff] m]ely 9 ! way 9 :i* !y are atta*$ to practical affairs4 ,poetry is call$ religion :5 x int]v5es 9 life1 & religion1 :5 x m]ely sup]v5es ^u life1 is se5 to be no?+ b poetry4 ,x w\ld naturally foll[ f ?is conception t religi\s doctr9es w\ld d well to )draw _! pret5sion to be deal+ ) matt]s ( fact4 ,t pret5sion is n only ! s\rce ( ! conflicts ( religion ) sci5ce & ( ! va9 & bitt] controv]sies ( sects2 x is also ! cause ( ! impurity & incoh]5ce ( religion 9 ! s\l1 :5 x seeks its sanctions 9 ! sph]e ( reality1 & =gets t its prop] conc]n is to express ! ideal4 ,= ! dignity ( religion1 l t ( poetry & ( e moral ideal1 lies precisely 9 its ideal adequacy1 9 its fit r5d]+ ( ! mean+s & values ( life1 9 its anticipation ( p]fection2 s t ! excell5ce ( religion is due to an idealization ( exp]i5ce :i*1 :ile mak+ religion noble if treat$ z poetry1 makes x necess>ily false if treat$ z sci5ce4 ,its function is r to draw f reality mat]ials = an image ( t ideal to :i* reality ought to con=m1 & to make u citiz5s1 by anticipation1 9 ! _w we crave4 ,x also foll[s f our g5]al conception t poetry has a univ]sal & a moral function4 ,its rudim5t>y essays 9 ! region ( fancy & pleasant s\nd1 z well z its idealization ( episodes 9 human exi/5ce1 are only p>tial ex]cises 9 an art t has all "t & all exp]i5ce = its natural subject-matt] & all ! possibilities ( be+ = its ultimate !me4 ,z religion is deflect$ f its c\rse :5 x is confus$ ) a record ( facts or ( natural laws1 s poetry is arre/$ 9 its developm5t if x rema9s an unmean+ play ( fancy )\t relevance to ! ideals & purposes ( life4 ,9 t relevance lies its highe/ p[]4 ,z its elem5t>y pleasantness comes f its response to ! dem&s ( ! e>1 s its deepe/ beauty comes f its response to ! ultimate dem&s ( ! s\l4 ,?is !ory c h>dly hope = mu* comm5dation ei!r f ! apologi/s ( !ology or f its critics4 ,! mass ( mank9d is divid$ into two classes1 ! ,san*o ,panzas :o h a s5se = reality1 b no ideals1 & ! ,don ,quixotes ) a s5se = ideals1 b mad4 ,! exp$i5t ( recogniz+ facts z facts & accept+ ideals z ideals1--& ?is is all we propose1--al?\gh app>5tly simple en\gh1 seems to elude ! normal human p[] ( discrim9ation4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! *ampion ( any or?odoxy %\ld be (f5d$ at our conception1 :i* w\ld r$uce 8 artful cosmos to an allegory1 all t c\ld be said to mitigate 8 displeasure w\ld be t our view is ev5 less fav\rable to 8 oppon5ts ?an to himself4 ,! lib]al s*ool t attempts to =tify religion by m9imiz+ its expression1 bo? !oretic & devotional1 seems f ?is po9t ( view to be m]ely impov]i%+ religi\s symbols & vulg>iz+ religi\s aims2 x subtracts f fai? t imag9ation by :i* fai? becomes an int]pretation & idealization ( human life1 & reta9s only a />k & sup]flu\s pr9ciple ( sup]/ition4 ,= meagre & ab/ract z may be ! cont5t ( su* a religion1 x conta9s all ! v5om ( absolute pret5sions2 x is no less curs$ ?an ! m develop$ sy/ems ) a controv]sial unre/ & ) a consequ5t und]tone ( con/ra9t & suspicion4 ,x tortures itself ) ! same circul> pro(s 9 its mi/ak5 ambition to ent] ! plane ( vulg> reality & escape its native elem5t ( ideas4 ,x ca/s a great] blight ?an w\ld a civiliz$ or?odoxy on any joy\s fre$om ( ?\ght4 ,= ! respect exact$ by an e/abli%m5t is limit$ & ext]nal1 & n great] ?an its traditional =ms probably des]ve1 z normal expressions ( human feel+ & apt symbols ( moral tru?4 ,a reasonable def]5ce once %[n to au?ority1 ! m9d rema9s1 "u su* an e/abli%m5t1 inw>dly & happily free2 ! consci5ce is n intimidat$1 ! imag9ation is n ti$ up4 ,b ! preoccupations ( a hungry & ab/ract fanaticism poison ! lib]ty nom9ally all[$1 bias all vision1 & turn philosophy itself1 :i* %\ld be ! pure/ ( delights & consolations1 into an obsession & a burd5 to ! s\l4 ,9 su* a spectral =m religi\s illusion does n cease to be illusion4 ,my?ology _c become sci5ce by be+ r$uc$ 9 bulk1 b x may cease1 z a my?ology1 to be wor? hav+4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! positivi/ic s*ool ( criticism w\ld seem1 if our !ory is "r1 to h ov]look$ 9 its programme ! highe/ functions ( human nature4 ,! environ+ _w c ju/ify itself to ! m9d only by ! free life :i* x fo/]s !re4 ,all obs]vation is obs]vation ( brute fact1 all discipl9e is m]e repression1 until ^! facts dige/$ & ?is discipl9e embodi$ 9 humane impulses become ! />t+-po9t = a creative movem5t ( ! imag9ation1 ! firm basis = ideal con/ructions 9 society1 religion1 & art4 ,only z conditions ( ^! human activities c ! facts ( nature & hi/ory become morally intelligible or practically important4 ,9 !mselves !y are trivial incid5ts1 gossip ( ! ,fates1 cackl+s ( _! inexhau/ible g>rulity4 ,to reg>d ! function ( man z accompli%$ :5 ^! *ance happ5+s h be5 record$ by him or contribut$ to by 8 impulsive action1 is to ignore 8 reason1 8 privilege1--%>$ = ! re/ ) e liv+ creature1--( us+ ,nature z food & sub/ance = 8 own life4 ,?is human life is n m]ely animal & passionate4 ,! be/ & ke5e/ "p ( x consi/s 9 t v gift ( creation & gov]nm5t :i*1 toge!r ) all ! transc5d5tal functions ( 8 own m9d1 man has significantly attribut$ to ,god z to 8 highe/ ideal4 ,n to see 9 ?is rational activity ! purpose & /&>d ( all life is to h left human nature half unread4 ,x is to look to ! removal ( c]ta9 incid5tal ob/acles 9 ! "w ( reason z to ! solution ( its positive tasks4 ,9 comp>ison ) su* apa!tic naturalism1 all ! errors & follies ( religion are wor?y ( indulg5t sympa?y1 s9ce !y repres5t an ef=t1 h[ev] misguid$1 to int]pret & to use ! mat]ials ( exp]i5ce = moral ends1 & to measure ! value ( reality by its relation to ! ideal4 ,! moral function ( ! imag9ation & ! poetic nature ( religion =m1 !n1 ! !me ( ! foll[+ pages4 ,x may n be amiss to ann\nce x "h1 z ! r miscellane\s subjects ( ^! essays might at fir/ sight obscure ! common import ( !m all4 ,,cont5ts ,i4 ,,und]/&+1 ,,imag9ation1 ,,& ,,my/icism ,,ii4 ,,! ,,hom]ic ,,hymns ,,iii4 ,,! ,,dissolution ,,( ,,paganism ,,iv4 ,,! ,,poetry ,,( ,,*ri/ian ,,dogma ,v4 ,,platonic ,,love ,,9 ,,"s ,,italian ,,poets ,,vi4 ,,! ,,abs5ce ,,( ,,religion ,,9 ,,%akespe>e ,,vii4 ,,! ,,poetry ,,( ,,b>b>ism ,,viii4 ,,em]son ,,ix4 ,a ,,religion ,,( ,,disillusion ,x4 ,,! ,,elem5ts ,,& ,,function ,,( ,,poetry ,i ,,und]/&+1 ,,imag9ation1 ,,& ,,my/icism ,:5 we consid] ! situation ( ! human m9d 9 ,nature1 its limit$ pla/icity & few *annels ( communication ) ! out] _w1 we ne$ n wond] t we grope = light1 or t we f9d incoh]5ce & in/ability 9 human sy/ems ( ideas4 ,! wond] r is t we h done s well1 t 9 ! *aos ( s5sations & passions t fills ! m9d1 we h f\nd any leisure = self-conc5tration & reflection1 & h succe$$ 9 ga!r+ ev5 a light h>ve/ ( exp]i5ce f our di/ract$ lab\rs4 ,our occasional madness is less wond]ful ?an our occasional sanity4 ,relapses into dreams are to be expect$ 9 a be+ ^: brief exi/5ce is s l a dream2 b :o c\ld h be5 sure ( ?is /urdy & indomitable p]sev]ance 9 ! "w ( reason 9 spite ( all *ecks & disc\ragem5ts8 ,! res\rces ( ! m9d are n comm5surate ) its ambition4 ,( ! five s5ses1 ?ree are ( little use 9 ! =mation ( p]man5t notions3 a f\r?1 sight1 is inde$ vivid & lum9\s1 b furni%es transcripts ( ?+s s highly col\r$ & deeply modifi$ by ! m$ium ( s5se1 t a long lab\r ( analysis & correction is ne$$ be=e satisfactory conceptions c be extract$ f x4 ,= ?is lab\r1 h[ev]1 we are end[$ ) ! requisite in/rum5t4 ,we h memory & we h c]ta9 p[]s ( syn!sis1 ab/raction1 reproduction1 inv5tion1--9 a ^w1 we h und]/&+4 ,b ?is faculty ( und]/&+ has h>dly begun its "w ( deciph]+ ! hi]oglyphics ( s5se & fram+ an idea ( reality1 :5 x is cross$ by ano!r faculty--! imag9ation4 ,p]ceptions d n rema9 9 ! m9d1 z w\ld be sugge/$ by ! trite simile ( ! seal & ! wax1 passive & *angeless1 until "t we> (f _! %>p edges & make !m fade4 ,no1 p]ceptions fall into ! bra9 r z se$s into a furr[$ field or ev5 z sp>ks into a keg ( p[d]4 ,ea* image bre$s a hundr$ m1 sometimes sl[ly & subt]rane\sly1 sometimes 7:5 a passionate tra9 is />t$7 ) a sudd5 bur/ ( fancy4 ,! m9d1 ex]cis$ by its own f]tility & flood$ by its inn] lights1 has inf9ite tr\ble to keep a true reckon+ ( its outw>d p]ceptions4 ,x turns f ! frigid problems ( obs]vation to its own visions2 x =gets to wat* ! c\rses ( :at %\ld be its pilot />s4 ,inde$1 7 x n = ! p[] ( conv5tion 9 :i*1 by a sort ( mutual cancellation ( errors1 ! m practical & normal conceptions are en%r9$1 ! imag9ation w\ld c>ry m5 :olly away1--! be/ m5 fir/ & ! vulg> aft] !m4 ,ev5 z x is1 individuals & ages ( f]vid imag9ation usually wa/e !mselves 9 dreams1 & mu/ disappe> be=e ! race1 sadd5$ & daz$1 p]haps1 by ! memory ( ^? visions1 c return to its plodd+ ?\ghts4 ,five s5ses1 !n1 to ga!r a small "p ( ! inf9ite influ5ces t vibrate 9 ,nature1 a mod]ate p[] ( und]/&+ to int]pret ^? s5ses1 & an irregul>1 passionate fancy to ov]lay t int]pretation--su* is ! end[m5t ( ! human m9d4 ,& :at is its ambition8 ,no?+ less ?an to con/ruct a picture ( all reality1 to compreh5d its own orig9 & t ( ! univ]se1 to discov] ! laws ( bo? & prophesy _! de/9y4 ,is n ! disproportion enorm\s8 ,are n confusions & pr(\nd contradictions to be look$ = 9 an attempt to build s mu* out ( s little8 ,yet ! metaphysical ambition we speak ( _c be ab&on$1 because :atev] picture ( ?+s we may c>ry ab\t 9 our heads we are b\nd to reg>d z a map ( reality2 al?\gh we may m>k c]ta9 tracts ( x unexplor$ c\ntry1 ! v exi/5ce ( su* regions is v\*$ = only by our repres5tation1 & is necess>ily believ$ to correspond to our idea4 ,all we c d is1 )\t ab&on+ ! aspiration to k :i* is ! inali5able bir?right ( reason1 to control z be/ we may ! =mation ( our conceptions2 to arrange !m accord+ to _! d]ivation & measure !m by _! applicability 9 life1 s prud5tly wat*+ ov] _! gr[? t we may be sp>$ ! deepe/ ( sorr[s--to survive ! (fspr+ ( our own ?\ght4 ,! inadequacy ( ea* ( our faculties is :at occasions ! intrusion ( "s o!r faculty into its field4 ,! defect ( s5se calls 9 imag9ation1 ! defect ( imag9ation calls 9 reason+1 ! defect ( reason+ div9ation4 ,if our s5ses 7 clairvoyant & able to obs]ve all t is go+ on 9 ! _w1 if our in/9cts 7 /eady1 prompt+ u to adequate reactions ^u ^! obs]vations1 ! fancy might rema9 free4 ,we %\ld n ne$ to call ^u x to piece out ! imp]fections ( s5se & reflection1 b we %\ld employ x only 9 av[$ poetry1 only 9 build+ dream-worlds alongside ( ! real1 n int]f]+ ) ! latt] or confus+ x1 b repeat+ its patt]n ) z _m v>iations z ! f]tility ( our m9ds c\ld supply4 ,z x is1 ! imag9ation is br\ght into ! s]vice ( s5se & in/9ct1 & made to d ! "w ( intellig5ce4 ,?is sub/itution is ! m readily effect$1 9 t imag9ation & intellig5ce d n diff] 9 _! orig91 b only 9 _! validity4 ,und]/&+ is an applicable fiction1 a k9d ( wit ) a practical use4 ,common s5se & sci5ce live 9 a _w ( expurgat$ my?ology1 su* z ,plato wi%$ 8 poets to compose1 a _w :]e ! objects are imag9ative 9 _! orig9 & ess5ce1 b useful1 ab/ract1 & b5efic5t 9 _! sugge/ions4 ,! sph]e ( common s5se & sci5ce is conc5tric ) ! sph]e ( fancy2 bo? move 9 virtue ( ! same imag9ative impulses4 ,! ev5tual di/9ction betwe5 intellig5ce & imag9ation is ideal2 x arises :5 we discrim9ate v>i\s functions 9 a life t is dynamically "o4 ,^? conceptions :i*1 aft] !y h spontane\sly aris51 prove s]viceable 9 practice1 & capable ( v]ification 9 s5se1 we call ideas ( ! und]/&+4 ,! o!rs rema9 ideas ( ! imag9ation4 ,! %ortness ( life1 ! di/ractions ( passion1 & ! misrepres5tation to :i* all transmitt$ k is subject1 h made ! te/+ ( ideas by practice extremely sl[ 9 ! hi/ory ( mank9d4 ,h5ce ! impurity ( our k1 its confusion ) fancy1 & its pa9ful inadequacy to int]pret ! :ole _w ( human int]e/s4 ,^! %ortcom+s are s _m invitations to =eign p[]s to int]v5e1 s _m occasions = new waves ( imag9ation to sweep away ! l&m>ks ( our old lab\r1 & flood ! :ole m9d ) impetu\s dreams4 ,x is accord+ly ! pr(\nd] m9ds t commonly yield to ! imag9ation1 because x is ^! m9ds t are capable ( feel+ ! greatness ( ! problems ( life & ! inadequacy ( ! und]/&+1 ) its pres5t res\rces1 to solve !m4 ,! same m9ds are1 moreov]1 (t5 sway$ by emotion1 by ! ev]-pres5t desire to f9d a noble solution to all que/ions1 p]haps a solution already hall[$ by au?ority & int]tw9$ inextricably1 = ^? :o h always accept$ x1 ) ! sanctions ( spiritual life4 ,su* a covet$ conclusion may easily be "o :i* ! und]/&+1 ) its basis 9 s5se & its dem& = v]ification1 may n be able to rea*4 ,!re=e ! impassion$ s\l mu/ pass beyond ! und]/&+1 or else g unsatisfi$2 & unless x be z discipl9$ z x is impassion$ x w n tol]ate dissatisfaction4 ,f :at qu>t]1 !n1 w x draw ! wid] views1 ! deep] h>monies1 :i* x craves8 ,only f ! imag9ation4 ,!re is no o!r faculty left to invoke4 ,! imag9ation1 !re=e1 mu/ furni% to religion & to metaphysics ^? l>ge ideas t9ctur$ ) passion1 ^? sup]s5sible =ms %r\d$ 9 awe1 9 :i* alone a m9d ( great sweep & vitality c f9d its cong5ial objects4 ,?us ! /one :i* ! build]1 und]/&+1 reject$1 becomes ! *ief /one ( ! corn]2 ! intuitions :i* sci5ce c\ld n use rema9 ! inspiration ( poetry & religion4 ,! imag9ation1 :5 ?us employ$ to anticipate or correct ! conclusions ( ! und]/&+1 is ( c\rse n call$ imag9ation by ^?1 :o appeal to x4 ,! religi\s tea*]s call x prophecy or revelation1 ! philosoph]s call x a high] reason4 ,b ^! names are m]ely eulogi/ic synonyms = imag9ation1 imply+ 7:at is p]fectly possible7 t ! imag9ation has n misl$ u4 ,!y imply on ! contr>y t 9 ! giv5 in/ances ! imag9ation has hit ^u an ultimate tru?4 ,a prophet1 unless he be ! m]ely me*anical vehicle ( tru?s he does n und]/&1 _c be conceiv$ z any?+ b a man ( imag9ation1 ^: visions miracul\sly mirror ! tru?4 ,a metaphysician :o transc5ds ! intellect by 8 reason c be conceiv$ only z us+ 8 imag9ation to su* good purpose z to div9e by x ! ideal laws ( reality or ! ultimate goals ( moral ef=t4 ,8 reason is an imag9ation t succe$s1 an intuition t guesses ! pr9ciple ( exp]i5ce4 ,b if ?is intuition 7 ( su* a nature t exp]i5ce c\ld v]ify x1 !n t high] reason or imag9ation w\ld be br\ght d[n to ! level ( ! und]/&+2 = und]/&+1 z we h def9$ x1 is itself a k9d ( imag9ation1 an imag9ation prophetic ( exp]i5ce1 a spontaneity ( ?\ght by :i* ! sci5ce ( p]ception is turn$ into ! art ( life4 ,! same abs5ce ( v]ification di/+ui%es revelation f sci5ce2 = :5 ! prophecies ( fai? are v]ifi$1 ! function ( fai? is gone4 ,fai? & ! high] reason ( ! metaphysicians are !re=e =ms ( imag9ation believ$ to be av5ues to tru?1 z dreams or oracles may sometimes be tru?ful1 n because _! necess>y correspond5ce to tru? c be demon/rat$1 = !n !y w\ld be portions ( sci5ce1 b because a man dwell+ on ^? intuitions is consci\s ( a c]ta9 moral trans=mation1 ( a c]ta9 w>m? & en]gy ( life4 ,?is emotion1 height5+ 8 ideas & giv+ !m p[] ov] 8 w1 he calls fai? or high philosophy1 & "u its dom9ion he is able to face 8 de/9y ) en?usiasm1 or at lea/ ) composure4 ,! imag9ation1 ev5 :5 its premonitions are n :olly ju/ifi$ by subsequ5t exp]i5ce1 has ?us a noble role to play 9 ! life ( man4 ,)\t x 8 ?\ghts w\ld be n only f> too n>r[ to repres5t1 al?\gh x 7 symbolically1 ! greatness ( ! univ]se1 b f> too n>r[ ev5 to r5d] ! scope ( 8 own life & ! conditions ( 8 practical welf>e4 ,)\t poetry & religion ! hi/ory ( mank9d w\ld h be5 d>k] ?an x is4 ,n only w\ld emotional life h be5 poor]1 b ! public consci5ce1 ! national & family _s1 s useful = moral organization & discipl9e1 w\ld h>dly h become articulate4 ,by :at a complex & un9spir$ argum5tation w\ld ! pure morali/ h to insi/ ^u ^? duties :i* ! imag9ation en=ces s p[]fully 9 oa?s sworn be=e ! gods1 9 comm&m5ts writt5 by ! f+] ( ,god ^u /one tablets1 9 visions ( hell & heav51 9 *ivalr\s love & loyalty1 & 9 ! s5se ( family dignity & hon\r8 ,:at intricate1 :at unavail+ appeals to positive int]e/s w\ld h to be made be=e ^? quick reactions c\ld be secur$ 9 l>ge bodies ( p :i* c be produc$ by ! sight ( a flag or ! s\nd ( a "n8 ,! imag9ation is ! great unifi] ( humanity4 ,m5's p]ceptions may be v>i\s1 _! p[]s ( und]/&+ v unequal2 b ! imag9ation is1 z x 71 ! self-consci\sness ( in/9ct1 ! contribution :i* ! inn] capacity & dem& ( ! m9d makes to exp]i5ce4 ,to indulge ! imag9ation is to express ! univ]sal self1 ! common & contagi\s elem5t 9 all individuals1 t rudim5t>y pot5cy :i* !y all %>e4 ,to /imulate ! imag9ation is to produce ! deepe/1 ! mo/ p]t9aci\s emotions4 ,to repress x is to *ill ! s\l1 s t ev5 ! cle>e/ p]ception ( ! tru? rema9s )\t ! joy & impetuosity ( conviction4 ,! "p play$ by imag9ation is ?us indisp5sable2 b obvi\sly ! necessity & b5efic5ce ( ?is contribution makes ! dang]s ( x correspond+ly great4 ,wield+ a great p[]1 ex]cis+ an omnipres5t function1 ! imag9ation may abuse a great =ce4 ,:ile its inspirations co9cide ) :at w\ld be ! dictates ( reason1 7 reason audible 9 ! _w1 all is well1 & ! progress ( man is accel]at$ by 8 visions2 b be+ a pr9ciple a priori ! imag9ation is an irresponsible pr9ciple2 its rightness is an inw>d rightness1 & ev]y?+ 9 ! real _w may turn out to be dispos$ o!rwise ?an z x w\ld wi%4 ,our imag9ative preconceptions are !n ob/acles to ! p]ception ( fact & ( rational duty2 ! fai? t /imulat$ our ef=ts & increas$ our mom5tum1 multiplies our w&]+s4 ,! too ha/y organization ( our ?\ghts becomes ! cause ( _! m prolong$ disorganization1 = to ! natural obscurity ( ?+s & ! difficulty ( mak+ !m fit toge!r among !mselves1 we add ! cross lights ( our prejudices & ! impossibility ( fitt+ reality into ! frame we h made = x 9 our ignorance ( its con/itution & ext5t4 ,& z we love our hopes1 & dete/ ! exp]i5ce t seems to contradict !m1 we add fanaticism to our confusion4 ,! habits ( ! imag9ation1 9 conflict ) ! facts ( s5se1 ?us come to cl\d sci5ce ) passion1 ) fiction1 ) s5tim5tal prejudice4 ,nor is ?is ! end ( our tr\bles4 ,= ,imag9ation h]self suff]s viol5ce 9 ?is /ruggle2 %e seeks to r$uce h]self to con=mity ) exi/5ce1 9 ! hope ( v9dicat+ h] nom9al au?ority at ! price ( "s concessions4 ,%e beg9s to feign t %e dem&$ no?+ b :at %e f9ds4 ,?us %e loses h] hone/y & fre$om1 becomes a flatt]] ( ?+s in/ead ( ! pr9ciple ( _! ideal correction1 & 9 ! attempt to prove h]self prophetic & lit]ally valid 7z 9 a mom5t ( infatuation %e _h fanci$ h]self to be7 %e =feits t symbolic tru?1 t inn] propriety1 :i* gave h] a moral value4 ,?us ! false /eps ( ! imag9ation lead to a contort$ sci5ce & to a s]vile ideal4 ,^! complications n unnaturally inspire disc\ragem5t & a s5se ( ! hopeless relativity ( human ?\ght4 ,inde$1 if !re be any special end[m5t ( m9d & body call$ human nature1 z !re seems to be1 x is obvi\s t all human exp]i5ce mu/ be relative to t4 ,b ! tru?1 ! absolute reality1 surr\nds & prec$es ^! op]ations ( f9ite faculty4 ,:at value1 !n1 we may say1 h ^! v>i\s ideals or p]ceptions1 or ! conflicts betwe5 !m8 ,are n our s5ses z human1 z subjective z our wills8 ,is n ! und]/&+ z vision>y z ! fancy8 ,does x n trans=m ! ,unkn[able into z remote a symbol z does ! va9e/ dream8 ,! answ] :i* a rational philosophy w\ld make to ^! que/ions w\ld be a d\ble "o4 ,x is true t e idea is equally relative to human nature & t no?+ c be repres5t$ 9 ! human m9d except by ! op]ation ( human faculties4 ,b x is n true t all ^! products ( human ideation are ( equal value1 s9ce !y are n equally conducive to human purposes or satisfactory to human dem&s4 ,! impulse t w\ld ?r[ ov] z equally wor?less e product ( human art1 because x is n indi/+ui%able f "s alleg$ ext]nal reality1 does n p]ceive ! s]i\s self-contradictions "u :i* x lab\rs4 ,9 ! fir/ place ! notion ( an ext]nal reality is a human notion2 our reason makes t hypo!sis1 & its v]ification 9 our exp]i5ce is "o ( ! ideals ( sci5ce1 z its validity is "o ( ! assumptions ( daily life4 ,9 ?r[+ ov] all human ideas1 because !y are infect$ ) humanity1 all human ideas are be+ sacrific$ to "o ( !m--! idea ( an absolute reality4 ,if ?is idea1 be+ human1 des]v$ t su* sacrifices %\ld be made = x1 h ! o!r notions ( ! m9d no rights8 ,fur!rmore1 ev5 if we grant$ = ! sake ( argum5t a reality :i* our ?\ghts 7 ess5tially helpless to repres5t1 :5ce comes ! duty ( our ?\ghts to repres5t x8 ,:5ce comes ! value ( ?is unatta9able tru?8 ,f an ideal ( human reason4 ,we covet tru?4 ,s t ! attempt to surr5d] all human sci5ce z relative & all human ideals z trivial is f\nd$ on a bl9d belief 9 "o human idea & an absolute surr5d] to "o human passion4 ,9 spite ( ^! contradictions1 :i* only a dispassionate logic c\ld ?or\ghly unravel1 ! en?usia/ is apt to ru% on4 ,! vision ( absolute tru? & absolute reality intoxicates him1 & z he is too subtle a ?9k]1 too inw>d a man1 to accept ! cont5t ( 8 s5ses or ! conv5tions ( 8 intellig5ce = unqualifi$ v]ities1 he =tifies himself aga9/ !m ) ! consci\sness ( _! relativity1 & seeks to rise above !m 9 8 m$itations4 ,b to rise to :at8 ,to "s m elaborate idea8 ,to "s object1 l a sci5tific cosmos or a religi\s cre$1 put toge!r by long] & m indirect processes ?an ^? ( common p]ception8 ,surely n4 ,if ,i r5\nce my s5ses & vulg> intellect because !y are infect$ ) f9itude & smell ( humanity1 h[ %all ,i accept a "w ( art1 a product ( reason+1 or an idol made orig9ally ) h&s & n[ encru/$ all ov]1 l ! /atue ( ,glaucus1 ) traditional accretions8 ,poetry1 sci5ce1 & religion1 9 _! positive con/ructions1 are m human1 m condition$1 ?an are ! s5ses & ! common und]/&+ !mselves4 ,! lov] ( inviolate reality mu/ n look to !m4 ,if ! data ( human k mu/ be reject$ z subjective1 h[ mu* m %\ld we reject ! inf]5ces made f ^? data by human ?\ght4 ,! way ( true wisdom1 !re=e1 if true wisdom is to deal ) ! ,absolute1 c only lie 9 ab/5tion3 nei!r ! s5ses nor ! common und]/&+1 & mu* less ! sup]/ructure rais$ ^u ^! by imag9ation1 logic1 or tradition1 mu/ delude u3 we mu/ keep our ?\ghts fix$ ^u ! inanity ( all ?is 9 comp>ison ) ! un?9kable tru?1 ) ! undivid$ & unimag9able reality4 ,ev]y?+1 says ! my/ic1 is no?+1 9 comp>ison ) ! ,"o4 ,?is confusion1 ! logical contradiction ( :i* we h j se51 may1 = lack ( a m specific ^w1 be call$ my/icism4 ,x consi/s 9 ! surr5d] ( a category ( ?\ght on acc\nt ( ! discov]y ( its relativity4 ,if ,i saw or reason$ or judg$ by su* a category1 ,i %\ld be see+1 reason+1 or judg+ 9 a specific mann]1 9 a mann] condition$ by my f9ite nature4 ,b ! specific & ! f9ite1 ,i feel1 are odi\s2 let me !re=e aspire to see1 reason & judge 9 no specific or f9ite mann]--t is1 n to see1 reason or judge at all4 ,s ,i %all be l ! ,inf9ite1 nay ,i %all become "o ) ! ,inf9ite & 7m>vell\s ?\ght67 "o ) ! ,"o4 ,! ideal ( my/icism is accord+ly exactly contr>y to ! ideal ( reason2 in/ead ( p]fect+ human nature x seeks to aboli% x2 in/ead ( build+ a bett] _w1 x w\ld und]m9e ! f\ndations ev5 ( ! _w we h built already2 in/ead ( develop+ our m9d to great] scope & precision1 x w\ld return to ! condition ( protoplasm--to ! bless$ consci\sness ( an ,unutt]able ,reality4 ,9 ! prim>y /ages1 ( c\rse1 my/icism does n v5ture to aboli% all our ideas1 or to r5\nce all our categories ( ?\ght4 ,?us _m ,*ri/ian my/ics h /ill clung1 out ( respect = au?ority1 to traditional !ology1 & _m philosophical my/ics h made "s room = life & sci5ce 9 ! po/-scripts :i* !y1 l ,p>m5ides1 h app5d$ to ! blank monism ( _! sy/ems4 ,b su* concessions or hesitations are inconsi/5t ) ! my/ical _s :i* w nev] be satisfi$1 if fully develop$ & fe>less1 ) any?+ %ort ( ,absolute ,no?+4 ,= ! v reason1 h[ev]1 t my/icism is a t5d5cy to oblit]ate di/9ctions1 a p>tial my/icism (t5 s]ves to br+ out ) wond]ful int5sity ^? und]ly+ /rata ( exp]i5ce :i* x has n yet decompos$4 ,! raz+ ( ! edifice ( reason may sometimes discov] its f\ndations4 ,or ! disappe>ance ( "o dep>tm5t ( activity may ?r[ ! m9d ) great] en]gy into ano!r4 ,s ,sp9oza1 :o comb9$ my/icism 9 morals ) rationalism 9 sci5ce1 c br+ out ! unqualifi$ naturalism ( 8 sy/em ) a purity & impressiv5ess impossible to m5 :o /ill reta9 an ideal _w1 & seek to direct endeav\r z well z to describe x4 ,hav+ r5\nc$ all ideal categories1 ,sp9oza has only ! mat]ial categories left ) :i* to cov] ! gr\nd4 ,he ?us acquires all ! conc5trat$ int5sity1 all ! spl5did n>r[ness1 :i* _h belong$ to ,lucretius1 :ile 8 my/ical treatm5t ( ! sph]es :i* ,lucretius simply ignor$1 gives him ! appe>ance ( a great] pr(undity4 ,s an ord9>y ,*ri/ian :o is my/ical1 let u say1 ab\t "t & space1 may use 8 transc5d5talism 9 t sph]e to int5sify 8 positivism 9 !ology1 & to emphasize 8 :ole-s\l$ surr5d] to a dev\t life4 ,:at is impossible is to be a transc5d5tali/ all 'r\nd4 ,9 t case !re w\ld be no?+ left to transc5d2 ! civil w> ( ! m9d w\ld h end$ 9 ! ext]m9ation ( all p>ties4 ,! art ( my/icism is to be my/ical 9 spots & to aim ! heavy guns ( y\r transc5d5tal philosophy aga9/ ^? realities or ^? ideas :i* y f9d p>ticul>ly gall+4 ,plant$ on y\r de>e/ dogma1 on y\r mo/ preci\s po/ulate1 y may !n transc5d ev]y?+ else to y\r he>t's cont5t4 ,y may say ) an air ( enlight5$ pr(undity t no?+ is really "r or wrong1 because 9 ,nature all ?+s are regul> & necess>y1 & ,god _c act = purposes z if 8 w 7 n already accompli%$2 y\r my/icism 9 religion & morals is kept /&+1 z x 71 by ! /iff back+ :i* is furni%$ by y\r mat]iali/ic cosmology4 ,or y may say ) a tone ( dev\t rapture t all sights & s\nds are direct messages f ,div9e ,provid5ce to ! s\l1 )\t any objects really exi/+ 9 space2 y\r my/icism ab\t ! _w ( p]ception & sci5tific inf]5ce is su/a9$ by ! naive !ological dogmas :i* y sub/itute = ! conceptions ( common s5se4 ,yet among ^! p>tialities & bl9d d5ials a man's positive insight seems to ?rive1 & he =tifies & conc5trates himself on 8 *os5 gr\nd by 8 arbitr>y exclusions4 ,! pati5t art ( rationaliz+ ! v>i\s sides ( life1 ! obs]vational z well z ! moral1 )\t confus+ !m1 is an art app>5tly seldom giv5 to ! ha/e & pugnacity ( philosoph]s4 ,?us my/icism1 al?\gh a pr9ciple ( dissolution1 c>ries ) x ! safegu>d t x c nev] be consi/5tly appli$4 ,we rea* x only 9 exceptional mom5ts ( intuition1 f :i* we desc5d to our pots & pans ) habits & in/9cts virtually unimpair$4 ,life goes on2 virtues & affections endure1 none ! worse1 ! my/ic feels1 = t slight film ( unreality :i* envelops !m 9 a m9d n unacqua9t$ ) ec/asy4 ,& al?\gh my/icism1 left free to express itself1 c h no o!r goal ?an ,nirvana1 yet mod]ately indulg$ 9 & duly inhibit$ by a residuum ( conv5tional sanity1 x s]ves to give a t\* ( /rang5ess & elevation to ! "* & to sugge/ sup]human gifts4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 9 ! lea/ sup]human4 ,x is h>dly ev5 abnormal1 be+ only an exagg]ation ( a rational int]e/ 9 ! highe/ ab/ractions4 ,! div9e1 ! univ]sal1 ! absolute1 ev5 ! ,"o1 are legitimate conceptions4 ,!y are t]ms ( human ?\ght hav+ z su* a mean+ 9 language & a place 9 speculation4 ,^? :o live 9 ! m9d1 ^: passions are only audible 9 ! ke5 ov]tones ( dialectic1 are no d\bt exalt$ & privileg$ natures1 *oos+ a bett] "p :i* %\ld n be tak5 f !m4 ,s ! poet & ! ma!matician h _! sph]es ( ab/ract & delicate lab\r1 9 :i* a lib]al legislator w\ld n di/urb !m4 ,tr\ble only arises :5 ! dialectician repres5ts 8 rational dreams z k ( exi/5ces1 & ! my/ic 8 excusable raptures z ! only way ( life4 ,poets & ma!maticians d n imag9e t _! pursuits raise !m above human limitations & are no "p ( human life1 b r its only goal & ju/ification4 ,su* a pret5sion w\ld be reg>d$ z madness 9 ! ma!matician or ! poet2 & is n ! my/ic z mis]ably a man8 ,is he n embody+1 at 8 be/1 ! analytic p[] ( a logician1 or ! imag9ation ( an en?usia/1 &1 at 8 wor/1 ! l[e/ & mo/ obscure passions ( human nature8 ,yes1 9 spite ( himself1 ! my/ic rema9s human4 ,no?+ is m normal ?an ab/raction4 ,a contemplative m9d drops easily its practical preoccupations1 rises easily into an ideal sympa?y ) imp]sonal ?+s4 ,! :eels ( ! univ]se h a wond]ful magnetism = ! human w4 ,our consci\sness likes to lose itself 9 ! music ( ! sph]es1 a music t f9] e>s are sometimes privileg$ to cat*4 ,! bett] side ( my/icism is an /hetic int]e/ 9 l>ge unities & cosmic laws4 ,! /hetic attitude is n ! moral1 b x is n = t reason illegitimate4 ,x gives u refre%m5t & a =eta/e ( t p]fect adaptation ( ?+s to our faculties & ( our faculties to ?+s :i*1 c\ld x ext5d to e "p ( exp]i5ce1 w\ld con/itute ! ideal life4 ,su* happ9ess is d5i$ u 9 ! concrete2 b a h9t & example ( x may be ga!r$ by an ab/ract$ elem5t ( our nature z x travels ?r\gh an ab/ract$ _w4 ,su* an indulg5ce adds to ! value ( reality only su* value z x may itself h 9 mom5t>y exp]i5ce2 x may h a d\btful moral effect on ! happy dream] himself4 ,b x s]ves to keep alive ! conviction1 :i* a confus$ exp]i5ce might obscure1 t p]fection is ess5tially possible2 x rem9ds u1 l music1 t !re are worlds f> remov$ f ! actual :i* are yet liv+ & v ne> to ! he>t4 ,su* is ! fruit ( ab/raction :5 ab/raction be>s any fruit4 ,if ! imag9ation m]ely ali5ates u f reality1 )\t giv+ u ei!r a model = its correction or a glimpse into its /ructure1 x becomes ! refuge ( poetical selfi%ness4 ,su* selfi%ness is b>r51 & ! fancy1 fe$+ only on itself1 gr[s lean] e day4 ,my/icism is usually an incurable disease4 ,facts _c ar\se x1 s9ce x nev] d5i$ !m4 ,reason _c conv9ce x1 = reason is a human faculty1 assum+ a validity :i* x _c prove4 ,! only ?+ t c kill my/icism is its own un9t]rupt$ progress1 by :i* x gradually dev\rs e function ( ! s\l & at la/1 by de/roy+ its own natural basis1 immolates itself to its inexorable ideal4 ,ne$ we ask1 aft] all ^! reflections1 :]e we %\ld look = t expansion & elevation ( ! m9d :i* ! my/ic seeks s passionately & s un9tellig5tly8 ,we c f9d t expansion1 9 ! fir/ place1 9 ! imag9ation itself4 ,t is ! true realm ( man's inf9ity1 :]e novelty may exi/ )\t falsity & p]petual div]sity )\t contradiction4 ,b su* ex]cise ( imag9ation leaves ! _w ( k unt\*$4 ,is !re no escape f ! prison1 z ! my/ic ?9ks x1 ( sci5ce & hi/ory :i* %all yet n c>ry u beyond reality8 ,is !re no tru? beyond conv5tional tru?1 no life beh9d human exi/5ce8 ,c]ta9ly4 ,beh9d ! discov]$ !re is ! discov]able1 beyond ! actual1 ! possible4 ,sci5ce & hi/ory are n exhau/$4 ,9 _! det]m9ate directions !y are z inf9ite z fancy 9 its indet]m9ation4 ,! spectacle :i* sci5ce & hi/ory n[ spread be=e u is z f> beyond ! exp]i5ce ( an ephem]al insect z any ,absolute c be beyond our own2 yet we h put t spectacle toge!r out ( j su* s5sations z ! insect may h--out ( ?is sunlight & ?is buzz & ^! mom5t>y ?robs ( exi/5ce4 ,! und]/&+ has inde$ sup]v5$1 b x has sup]v5$ n to d5y ! validity ( ^? s5sations1 b to comb9e _! messages4 ,we may /ill cont9ue 9 ! same pa?1 by ! indef9ite ext5sion ( sci5ce ov] a _w ( exp]i5ce & ( intelligible tru?4 ,is t prospect insuffici5t = our ambition8 ,) a _w s full ( /uff be=e him1 ,i c h>dly conceive :at morbid in/9ct c tempt a man to look else:]e = wid] vi/as1 unless x be unwill+ness to endure ! sadness & ! discipl9e ( ! tru?4 ,b c our situation be made bett] by refus+ to und]/& x8 ,if we r5\nc$ my/icism altoge!r & kept imag9ation 9 its place1 %\ld we n live 9 a cle>] & saf] _w1 z well z 9 a tru]8 ,nay1 are we sure t ?is gradually unfold+1 intelligible1 & real _w w\ld n turn out to be m cong5ial & beautiful ?an any wilful fiction1 s9ce x w\ld be ! product ( a univ]sal human lab\r & ! sc5e ( ! accumulat$ suff]+s & triumphs ( mank9d8 ,:5 we comp>e ! temple :i* we call ,nature1 built ( sights & s\nds by memory & und]/&+1 ) all ! wond]ful worlds evocable by ! magician's w&1 may we n pref] ! humbl] & m la/+ edifice1 n only z a dwell+1 b ev5 z a h\se ( pray]8 ,x is n always ! l(tie/ ar*itecture t expresses ! deepe/ s\l2 ! inmo/ religion ( ! ,pagan haunt$ 8 he>? z t ( ! ,*ri/ian 8 catacombs or 8 h]mitage4 ,s philosophy is m spiritual 9 h] humility & ab/95ce ?an 9 h] %ort-liv$ audacities1 & %e w\ld d well to inscribe ov] h] gates :at1 9 an anci5t ,spani% *ur*1 may be se5 writt5 ne> ! /eep entrance to a little subt]rane\s crypt3-- ,w\ld/ ?\ pass ?is l[ly door8 ,g1 & angels greet !e !re2 ,= by ?is _! sacr$ /air ,to desc5d is /ill to so>4 ,bid a measur$ sil5ce keep ,:at ?y ?\ghts be tell+ o'er2 ,s9k1 to rise ) wid] sweep ,to ! heav5 ( ?y re/1 ,= he climbs ! heav5s be/ ,:o w\ld t\* ! deepe/ deep4 ,,ii ,,! ,,hom]ic ,,hymns ,we ( ?is g5]ation look back ^u a v>iety ( religi\s conceptions & =ms ( wor%ip1 & a c]ta9 unsatisfi$ hung] 9 our own s\ls atta*es our att5tion to ! spectacle4 ,we obs]ve h[ lit]ally fables & my/]ies 7 once accept$ :i* c h = u n[ only a ?9 & symbolical mean+4 ,judg+ o!r m9ds & o!r ages by our own1 we are tempt$ to ask if !re ev] 0 any fundam5tal diff]5ce betwe5 religion & poetry4 ,bo? seem to consi/ 9 :at ! imag9ation adds to sci5ce1 to hi/ory1 & to morals4 ,m5 look$ att5tively on ! face ( ,nature3 _! close /ruggle ) h] compell$ !m to d s3 b be=e mak+ /ati/ics ( h] movem5ts !y made dramatizations ( h] life4 ,! imag9ation envelop$ ! mat]ial _w1 z yet imp]fectly /udi$1 & produc$ ! cosmos ( my?ology4 ,?us ! religion ( ! ,greeks 01 we might say1 no?+ b poetry3 no?+ b :at imag9ation add$ to ! rudim5ts ( sci5ce1 to ! fir/ impressions ( a m9d t por$ ^u natural ph5om5a & respond$ to !m ) a quick s5se ( k9%ip & compreh5sion4 ,! religion ( ! ,hebrews might be call$ poetry ) z good reason4 ,_! s5se = conduct & _! vivid int]e/ 9 _! national de/9y c>ri$ !m pa/ any prosaic record ( ev5ts or cauti\s !ory ( moral & social laws4 ,!y rose at once into a bold dramatic conception ( _! race's cov5ant ) ,heav53 j su* a conception z ! playwright w\ld seek out 9 ord] to portray ) awful accel]ation ! ways ( passion & fate4 ,f9ally1 we h app>5tly a ?ird k9d ( poetry 9 :at has be5 ! natural religion ( ! deta*$ philosoph]s ( all ages4 ,9 !m ! imag9ation t\*es ! precepts ( morals & ! ideals ( reason1 attribut+ to !m a l>g] scope & m p]fect fulfilm5t ?an exp]i5ce c %[ !m to h4 ,philosoph]s ev] t5d to clo! ! h>monies ( _! p]sonal ?\ght ) univ]sal validity & to assign to _! ideals a lat5t omnipot5ce & an ultimate victory ov] ! =ces ( unreason4 ,?is :i* is obvi\sly a k9d ( poetry is at ! same "t ! spontane\s religion ( consci5ce & ?\ght4 ,yet religion 9 all ^! cases diff]s f a m]e play ( ! imag9ation 9 "o important respect2 x reacts directly ^u life2 x is a factor 9 conduct4 ,our religion is ! poetry 9 :i* we believe4 ,m]e poetry is an ineffectual %ad[ ( life2 religion is1 if y w1 a phantom also1 b a phantom guide4 ,:ile x t5ds to its own expansion1 l any gr[? 9 ! imag9ation1 x t5ds also to its application 9 practice4 ,su* an aim is =eign to poetry4 ,! inspirations ( religion dem& fidelity & c\rage\s response on our "p4 ,fai? br+s u n only peace1 n only ! contemplation ( ideal h>monies1 b lab\r & ! sword4 ,^! two t5d5cies--to imag9ative gr[? & to practical embodim5t--coexi/ 9 e liv+ religion1 b !y are n always equally conspicu\s4 ,9 ! =mative ages ( ,*ri/ianity1 = in/ance1 :ile its leg5ds 7 be+ ga!r$ & its dogma fix$1 ! imag9ative expansion absorb$ m5's int]e/2 lat]1 :5 ! luxuriant bran*es ( ! ,*ur* began to %ake (f _! foliage1 & !re came a "t ( ye> ,:5 yell[ leaves1 or none1 or few1 d hang ,^u ^? b\ghs :i* %ake aga9/ ! cold1 ! en]gy ( religi\s ?\ght1 releas$ f ! enl>gem5t ( doctr9e1 sp5t itself ^u a m rigid & wat*ful application ( ! residuum ( fai?4 ,9 ! ,pagan religion ! elem5t ( applicability might seem at fir/ sight to be lack+1 s t no?+ w\ld subsi/ b a poetic fable4 ,an unbiass$ /udy ( antiquity1 h[ev]1 w soon dispel t idea4 ,besides ! gods :om we may plausibly reg>d z imp]sonations ( natural =ces1 !re exi/$ o!rs2 ! spirits ( ance/ors1 ! gods ( ! he>?1 & ! ideal patrons ( w> & ! arts4 ,ev5 ! gods ( ,nature inspir$ rev]5ce & secur$ a cultus only z !y influ5c$ ! well-be+ ( man4 ,! wor%ip ( !m _h a practical import4 ,! conception ( _! nature & pres5ce became a sanction & an inspiration 9 ! conduct ( life4 ,:5 ! figm5ts ( ! fancy are :olly divorc$ f reality !y c h no cle>ness or consi/5cy2 !y c h no p]man5ce :5 !y are :olly devoid ( utility4 ,! vividness & p]si/5ce ( ! figures ( _m ( ! gods came f ! fact t !y 7 associat$ ) in/itutions & practices :i* controll$ ! conception ( !m & kept x "y4 ,! fictions ( a poet1 :atev] 8 g5ius1 d n produce illusion because !y d n atta* !mselves to realities 9 ! _w ( action4 ,!y h "* )\t p[] & names )\t local habitations4 ,! gods 9 ! beg9n+ _h bo?4 ,_! image1 _! haunts1 ! reports ( _! app>itions & miracles1 gave a nucleus ( empirical reality to ! accretions ( leg5d4 ,! poet :o came to s+ _! praise1 to enl>ge ^u _! exploits1 & to expla9 _! cultus1 gave less to ! gods 9 hon\r ?an he receiv$ f !m 9 inspiration4 ,all 8 inv5tion 0 guid$ by ! g5ius ( ! deity1 z repres5t$ by ! traditions ( 8 %r9e4 ,?is poetry1 !n1 ev5 9 its mo/ playful mood1 is n m]e poetry1 b religion4 ,x is a poetry 9 :i* m5 believe2 x is a poetry t beautifies & ju/ifies to _! m9ds ! positive facts ( _! ance/ral wor%ip1 _! social unity1 & _! p]sonal consci5ce4 ,^! g5]al reflections may help u to approa* ! hymns ( ,hom] 9 a becom+ _s4 ,= 9 !m we f9d ! extreme ( fancy1 ! approa* to a divorce betwe5 ! imag9ation & ! fai? ( ! wor%ipp]4 ,consequ5tly !re is dang] t we may all[ ourselves to read ^! lives ( ! gods z ! composition ( a pr(ane poet4 ,if we did s we %\ld fail to und]/& n only _! _s z a :ole b _m ( _! p>ts1 9 :i* notes are /ruck n[ ( devotion & affectionate pride1 n[ ( gratitude & entreaty4 ,^! may be address$1 x is true1 to a be+ t has j be5 describ$ z guilty ( "s signal vice or trea*]y1 & ! contradiction may well /agg] a ,puritan critic4 ,b ! lu/s ( life 7 once = all 9 ! blood ( ! ,pagan gods1 :o 7 ! articulate voices ( ,nature & ( passion4 ,! half-meant exagg]ation ( a well-kn[n trait 9 ! div9ity w\ld n r5d] ! poets t indulg$ 9 x unwelcome to ! god2 he c\ld feel ! sure fai? & affection ( 8 wor%ipp]s ev5 9 _! good-hum\r$ laught] at 8 imag9>y plights & naught9ess4 ,! cl[n 0 n exclud$ f ^! rites4 ,8 wit also c\nt$ z a s]vice4 ,! ,hom]ic ,hymns1 if we may tru/ ! impression !y produce on a mod]n1 are n hymns & are n ,hom]'s4 ,!y are fragm5ts ( n>rative 9 ,ionic hexamet] recit$ dur+ ! fea/s & fairs at v>i\s ,greek %r9es4 ,!y are n melodies to be *ant$ ) a common voice by ! assemblage dur+ a sacrifice2 !y are tales deliv]$ by ! m9/rel to ! li/5+ audi5ce ( citiz5s & /rang]s4 ,!y usually h a local ref]5ce4 ,?us we f9d "u ! title ( a hymn to ,apollo a song ( ,delos & "o ( ,delphi4 ,delos is a b>r5 rock2 its weal? 0 due to ! temple t attract$ to ! place pilgrimages & embassies1 n )\t ri* (f]+s1 f _m ,greek cities4 ,accord+ly we he> h[ ,leto or ,latona1 :5 ab\t to become ! "m ( ,apollo1 w&]$ ab\t ! cities & m\nta9s ( ,greece & ,asia1 seek+ a bir?place = h] son4 ,none w\ld receive h]1 b all ! isl&s trembl$ at ! awful hon\r ( su* a nativity1 pr(itable z ! hon\r might ev5tually prove1-- ,until at l5g? ,! lovely goddess came to ,delos' side ,&1 mak+ "q1 spake ^! w+d words3 ',delos1 7 x ?y w to be ! seat ,( my "y son ,apollo1 brighte/ god1 ,& build him a ri* fane1 no o!r p[] ,%\ld ev] t\* !e or "w ill ^u !e4 ,i tell !e n ?\ %alt be ri* 9 k9e ,or 9 fair flocks1 mu* fruit1 or myriad fl[]s2 ,b :5 ,apollo ( ! f>-felt d>t ,ha? "h 8 %r9e1 all m5 w ga!r "h ,br++ !e hecatombs4444 ,& ?\gh ?y soil be poor1 ,! gods %all make !e /rong aga9/ ?y foes4' ,! _s ( ! isl& is naturally n av]se to s fav\rable a proposition b1 l "s too humble maid5 woo$ by a great pr9ce1 has "s misgiv+s le/ ?is promise ( unexpect$ good =tune %\ld veil ! approa* ( "s worse calamity4 ,:5 ! god is born into ! light ( day1 %e says1 w he n despise me1 see+ h[ b>r5 ,i am1 & s9k me 9 ! sea ,t ev] w ,oppress my he>t ) _m a wat]y hill8 ,& !re=e let him *oose "s o!r l&1 ,:]e he %all please1 to build at 8 comm& ,temple & grove set ?ick ) _m a tree4 ,= wret*$ polypuses bre$ 9 me1 ,retir+ *amb]s1 & black sea-calves d5 ,9 my poor soil1 = p5ury ( m54#a ,leto reassures ! isl&1 h[ev]1 & swe>s to build a great temple !re :i* h] son w haunt p]petually1 pref]r+ x to all 8 o!r %r9es4 ,delos cons5ts1 & ,apollo is born amid ! m9i/rations ( all ! goddesses except ,h]a1 :o sits indignant & rev5geful 9 ! solitudes ( ,olympus4 ,! *ild is ba!d 9 ! /ream & delicately swaddl$2 b aft] ta/+ ! nect> & ambrosia :i* "o ( ! nymphs is quick to (f] him1 he bur/s 8 b&s1 calls = 8 b[ & 8 lyre1 & flies upw>d into ! sky ann\nc+ t he w h5ce=? decl>e ! w ( ,zeus to mortals4 ,!reupon-- ,all ! immortals /ood ,9 deep amaze4444 ,all ,delos1 look+ on him1 all ) gold ,0 load$ /raight1 & joy'd to be extoll'd4 ,= s %e fl\ri%$1 z a hill t /ood ,cr[n'd ) ! fl[] ( an abundant wood4#b ,?is leg5d1 ) all t accompanies x conc]n+ ! glories ( ,delos & its gods1 & ! pilgrimages & games t enliv5$ ! isl&1 0 well-conceiv$ to give =m & ju/ification to ! cultus ( ! temple1 & to delight ! vot>ies :om cu/om or vague in/9cts ( piety _h ga!r$ !re4 ,! sacr$ poet1 9 ano!r "p ( ?is hymn1 does ! same s]vice to ! ev5 great] sanctu>y ( ,delphi4 ,he tells u h[ ,apollo w&]$ ov] _m l&s & wat]s1 & he /ops lov+ly to recall ! names ( ! v>i\s spots t claim$ ! hon\r ( hav+ at "s "t be5 visit$ by ! god4 ,! m9/rels1 w&]]s !mselves1 lov$ to celebrate 9 ?is way ! %ores !y _h se5 or he>d (1 & to fill at ! same "t _! li/5]'s m9ds ) ! spell ( sonor\s names1 ! s5se ( space & ! ?rill ( my/]y4 ,9 8 j\rneys ,apollo1 ! hymn tells u1 f9ally came to ! dell & f\nta9 ( ,delphusa on ! skirts ( ,p>nassus4 ,! nymph ( ! spot1 fe>+ ! encroa*m5ts ( s mu* m p[]ful a deity1 deceiv$ him & p]suad$ him to plant 8 temple on ano!r site1 :]e ,p>nassus fronts ! we/1 & ! ov]hang+ rocks =m a cav]n4 ,!re ,apollo e/abli%$ 8 temple = ! succ\r & enlight5m5t ( mank9d1 :ile ,trophonius & ,agam$es1 sons ( ,erg9us1 m5 de> to ! immortal gods1 built ! approa*es ( /one4 ,?us ! div9e orig9 ( ! temple is v9dicat$1 ! /ructure describ$1 & ! human ar*itects hon\r$1 ^: desc5dants1 v likely1 7 pres5t to he> _! ance/ors' praise4 ,b "h a puzzl+ fact *all5ges ! att5tion & /imulates ! fancy ( ! poet3 ,apollo 0 a ,dorian deity1 yet 8 *ief %r9e 0 "h ^u ,phocian gr\nd4 ,p]haps "s traditions rema9$ to sugge/ an explanation ( ! anomaly2 at any rate ! poet is n at a loss = an acc\nt ( ! matt]4 ,! temple be+ e/abli%$1 ,apollo be?\ght himself :at race ( prie/s he %\ld make its m9i/]s3 at lea/1 su* is ! nave acc\nt 9 ! poem1 :i* expects u to =get t temples d n arise 9 ! abs5ce ( pr$et]m9$ s]vants & wor%ipp]s4 ,:ile pond]+ ?is "q1 h[ev]1 ,apollo ca/ 8 eyes on ! sea :]e x *anc$ t a swift %ip1 mann$ by _m & excell5t ,cretans1 0 m]rily sail+3 :]eupon ! god1 tak+ ! =m ( a huge dolph91 leapt into ! %ip1 to ! inf9ite surprise & bewild]m5t ( ^? wor?y m]*ants1 :o1 z innoc5t z ! fi%]s ( ! ,galilan ,lake ( ! religi\s de/9y t await$ !m1 7 ?9k+ only ( ! pecuni>y pr(its ( _! voyage4 ,! pres5ce ( ! god b5umb$ _! movem5ts1 & !y /ood sil5t :ile ! %ip sail$ be=e ! w9d4 ,& ! bla/1 ve]+ at ?is place ) ! *ang$ configuration ( ! coa/1 blew !m irresi/ibly to ! v foot ( ,p>nassus1 to ! little hav5 ( ,crissa4 ,!re ,apollo appe>$ to !m once m1 ?is "t runn+ d[n to ! bea* to meet !m 9 ! =m ( ,a /\t & lu/y fell[1 ,8 mighty %\ld]s cov]$ ) 8 mane2 ,:o sp$ ^! words ^u ! w+s ( s\nd3 ',/rang]s1 :o are ye8 & :5ce sail ye hi!r ,! wat]y ways8 ,come ye to traffic ju/ly ,or recklessly l pirates ( ! deep ,rove ye1 adv5tur+ y\r s\ls1 to br+ ,evil on /rang]s8 ,:y ?us sit ye griev+1 ,nor leap on l&1 nor /rike ! ma/ & lay x ,9 y\r black %ip8 ,= s %\ld trad]s d ,:51 sat$ ) ! lab\r ( ! sea1 ,!y quit _! pa9t$ galley = ! %ore1 ,& pres5tly ! ?\ght ( ne$ful food ,comes gladsomely ^u !m4' ,s he spake1 ,putt+ new c\rage 9 _! brea/s4 ,to :om ,! ,cretan capta9 9 8 turn repli$3 ',s9ce ?\ art no?+ l to ?+s ( e>? ,9 =m or /ature1 b mo/ l ! gods ,t ev] live1 ,hail1 & ?rice hail1 ,o ,/rang]1 ,& may ! gods p\r bless+s on ?y head4 ,n[ tell me truly1 = ,i ne$ to "k1 ,:at l& is ?is1 :at p1 f :at race ,desc5d$8 ,z = u1 ov] ! deep ,broad sea1 we s\ght ano!r hav51 ,pylos1 ,sail+ f ,crete1 = !nce we boa/ to spr+2 ,b n[ our %ip is ca/ ^u ?is %ore1 ,= "s god /e]$ our c\rse aga9/ our w4' ,!n ! f>-d>t] spoke & answ]$ !m4 ',fri5ds1 9 well-wood$ ,cnossus hi!rto ,ye h _h homes1 b ye %all n aga9 ,return to y\r good native t[n1 to f9d ,ea* 8 fair h\se & well-belovd wife1 ,b "h %all ye possess my temple1 ri* ,& greatly hon\r$ by ! tribes ( m54 ,= ,i am son to ,zeus4 ,apollo is ,my sacr$ "n4 ',twas ,i t l$ y hi!r ,ov] ! mighty bosom ( ! deep1 ,int5d+ y no ill2 = ye %all "h ,possess a temple sacr$ to me1 ri*1 ,& greatly hon\r$ ( all mortal m54 ,! c\nsels ( ! dea?less gods %all be ,reveal$ to y1 & by _! w y\r days ,%all pass 9 hon\r & 9 peace = ev]4 ,come !n &1 z ,i bid1 make ha/e to d4 444 ,build by ! sea an alt>2 k9dle flame2 ,spr9kle :ite b>ley gra9s !reon1 & pray1 ,/&+ ab\t ! alt>4 ,& z fir/ ,ye saw me leap into y\r swift black b>k ,9 lik5ess ( a dolph91 s h5ce=? ,wor%ip me by ! "n ,delph9ius1 ,& ,delphian ev] be my f>-se5 %r9e4' ,?us ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,dorian god 9 ,phocis is expla9$1 & ! weal? & dignity ( 8 temple are ju/ifi$ by prophecy & by div9e int5tion4 ,= ,apollo is n satisfi$ ) repeat$ly describ+ ! future temple1 by an incid5tal epi!t1 z opul5t2 t h9t w\ld n h be5 en\gh = ! simplicity ( ^? m]*ant sailors1 new z !y 7 to ! my/]ies ( prie/craft4 ,x 0 necess>y = ,apollo to allay _! fe>s ( pov]ty by a m explicit assurance t x w be easy = !m to live by ! alt>4 ,& :at is m1 ,h]mes & all ! ?ieves he inspires w respect ! %r9e2 its treasures1 al?\gh unprotect$ by walls1 %all be safe =-ev]4 ,^! 7 truly1 z we see1 ! hymns ( a levitical patriotism4 ,) ,hom]ic bread? & c&\r !y dilat$ on ! miracles1 privileges1 & immunities ( ! sacr$ places & _! s]vitors1 & !y ?us kept alive 9 successive g5]ations an awe m+l$ ) famili> int]e/ t[>d div9e p]sons & ?+s :i* is *>act]i/ic ( t m primitive age4 ,gods & m5 7 !n ne>] toge!r1 & bo? yield$ m frankly to ! t5d5cy1 inh]5t 9 _! nature1 to resemble "o ano!r4 ,! same quality is f\nd 9 ano!r fragm5t1 ! mo/ beautiful & ! mo/ famili> ( all4 ,?is is ! hymn to ,demet] 9 :i* two /ories are wov5 toge!r1 "o tell+ ( ! rape ( ,p]sephone1 & ! o!r ( ! reception ( ,demet]1 disguis$ 9 h] sorr[1 into ! h\sehold ( ,celeus1 :]e %e becomes ! nurse ( 8 infant son ,demophoon4 ,bo? /ories belong to ! religion ( ,eleusis1 :]e ?is v]sion ( !m seems int5d$ to be sung4 ,! place 0 sacr$ to ,demet] & ,p]sephone & its my/]ies dealt p>ticul>ly ) ! passage ( s\ls to ! ne!r _w & ) _! habitation !re4 ,! pa!tic beauty ( ! fir/ fable--9 :i* we c h>dly ab/a9 f see+ "s symbolical mean+--expresses = u some?+ ( ! my/ic exaltation ( ! local rites2 :ile ! o!r tale ( ,celeus1 8 wife1 8 daught]s1 & 8 son1 :om 8 nurse1 ! disguis$ goddess1 almo/ succe$s 9 end[+ ) immortality1 celebrates ! anci5t div9e aff9ities ( ! *iefs ( ! ,eleus9ian /ate4 ,! fir/ /ory is too famili> to ne$ rec\nt+2 :o has n he>d ( ! g5tle ,p]sephone ga!r+ fl[]s 9 ! mead[ & sudd5ly swall[$ by ! yawn+ e>? & c>ri$ away to ,hades1 ! god ( ! ne!r _w1 to %>e 8 sombre b sublime dom9ion ov] ! %ades8--a dignity ( :i* %e is n ins5sible1 mu* z %e grieves at ! sep>ation f h] belov$ "m2 & h[ ,demet] 9 turn is disconsolate & 79 h] wra? & despair at ! indiff]5ce ( ! gods7 conceals h] div9ity1 refuses ! fruits ( ! e>?1 & w&]s ab\t 9 ! guise ( an old woman1 nurs+ h] grief1 until at la/ ,zeus s5ds 8 mess5g] to ,hades to effect a compromise2 & ,p]sephone1 aft] eat+ ! gra9 ( pomegranate t obliges h] to return ye>ly to h] husb&1 is all[$ to come back to ! upp] _w to dwell = two-?irds ( ! ye> 9 h] "m's company4 ,! und]ly+ allegory is "h v int]e/+4 ,we obs]ve h[ ! g5ius ( ! ,greek religion1 :ile too an?ropomorphic to reta9 any cle> consci\sness ( ! cosmic processes t 7 symboliz$ by its deities & _! adv5tures1 0 an?ropomorphic also 9 a moral way1 & t5d$ to turn ! p]sonages :i* x ceas$ to reg>d z symbols ( natural =ces into types ( human exp]i5ce4 ,s ! p>able ( ! se$ t mu/ die if x is to rise aga9 & live an immortal1 if int]rupt$1 life 9 successive g5]ations1 gives way 9 ! tale ( ,demet] & ,p]sephone1 to a prototype ( human affection4 ,! devotee1 no long] rem9d$ by 8 religion ( any cosmic laws1 0 n r$uc$ to a m]e sup]/ition1--to a fable & a belief 9 ! efficacy ( ext]nal rites1--he 0 enc\rag$ to reg>d ! my/]y z ! div9e c\nt]p>t ( 8 own exp]i5ce4 ,8 religion 9 =gett+ to be natural _h succe$$ 9 becom+ moral2 ! gods 7 n[ models ( human endurance & success2 _! hi/ories (f]$ sublime consolations to mortal de/9y4 ,fancy _h turn$ ! aspects ( ,nature into p]sons2 b devotion1 direct$ ^u ^! imag9>y p]sons1 turn$ !m into human ideals & into patron sa9ts1 !reby relat+ !m aga9 to life & sav+ !m f insignificance4 ,a fur!r illu/ration ( ! latt] trans=mation may be f\nd 9 ! second /ory conta9$ 9 our hymn4 ,demet]1 we>y ( h] w&]+s & sick at he>t1 has come to sit d[n beside a well1 ne> ! h\se ( ,celeus4 ,8 f\r "y daught]s1 danc+ & laugh+1 come to fet* wat] 9 _! gold5 j>s1-- ,z h9ds or heif]s gambol 9 ! fields ,:5 ,spr+ is "y4 ,!y speak k9dly to ! goddess1 :o asks !m = employm5t4 ,& = me1 %e says1-- ,& = me1 damsels1 h>b\r pitiful ,& fav\r+ ?\ghts1 de> *ildr51 t ,i come ,to "s good man's or woman's h\se1 to ply ,my task 9 will+ s]vice ( su* sort ,z agd wom5 use4 ,a t5d] *ild ,i c\ld nurse well & safely 9 my arms1 ,& t5d ! h\se1 & spread ! ma/]'s c\* ,recess$ 9 ! fair *amb]1 or c\ld tea* ,! maids _! h&icraft4 ,! (f] is gladly accept$1 = ,celeus himself has an infant son1 ,demophoon1 ! hope ( 8 race3 ,! ag$ woman ent]s ! dwell+1 mak+ 9 h] long-rob$ grief a wond]ful contra/ to ! f\r sportive girls3-- ,:o lift+ up _! ample kirtle-folds ,sp$ d[n ! waggon-furr[$ way1 & %ook ,_! curls ab\t _! %\ld]s--yell[ gold ,l crocuses 9 bloom4 ,once )9 ! h\se1 :i* %e awes ) h] uncompreh5d$ pres5ce1 ! goddess sits absorb$ 9 grief1 until %e is compell$ to smile = a mom5t at ! je/s ( ! quick-witt$ maid ,iambe1 & cons5ts to take 9 lieu ( ! w9e t is (f]$ h]1 a bev]age ( beat5 b>ley1 wat]1 & h]bs4 ,^! details are ( c\rse introduc$ to ju/ify ! ritual ( ,eleusis1 9 :i* ! cl[n & ! b>ley-wat] play$ a traditional "p4 ,?us ,demet] becomes nurse to ,demophoon1 b %e has ideas ( h] duties diff]+ f ! common1 & wor?y ( h] unusual qualifications4 ,%e nei!r suckles nor fe$s ! infant b ano9ts him ) ambrosia & lays him at night to sleep on ! emb]s ( ! he>?4 ,?is 8 wat*ful "m discov]s ) n unnatural al>m2 :5 ! goddess reveals h]self & dep>ts1 foil$ 9 h] desire to make h] nursl+ immortal4 ,! _s t animates ?is fable is n t poetic frivolity :i* we are accu/om$ to associate ) ,paganism4 ,"h we f9d an immortal 9 pr(\nde/ grief & mortals ent]ta9+ an angel unaw>es2 we are told ( sup]natural food1 & ( a burn+ fire t might make ?is mortal put on immortality did n ! g5]\s b ignorant impulses ( ! natural man break 9 ^u t provid5tial purpose & prev5t its consummation4 ,eleusis 0 ! natural home = su* a my?1 & we may well believe t ^? initiat$ into ! my/]ies !re 7 taught to dwell on its high] int]pretation4 ,b !re are o!r hymns 9 a light] ve9 9 :i* ! play ( fancy is n guid$ by any moral intuition4 ,! hymn to ,h]mes is "o p]petual ebullition ( irresponsible hum\r4 ,h]mes is ! *ild ( ,maia1 a nymph ( ,cyll5e ^: cave ,zeus has surreptiti\sly visit$ :ile ! :ite-arm$ ,juno--=1 unsympa!tic prude z ?is goddess may be1 %e mu/ /ill be beautiful--slept s\ndly 9 ,olympus4 ,! *ild is h>dly born :5 he cat*es a tortoise1 kills x1 scoops out ! %ell1 & makes a lute ( x1 ^u :i* he beg9s to play delici\s music4 ,n satisfi$ ) t feat1 h[ev]1 he escapes f 8 cradle1 & drives f _! pa/ure ! k9e t ,apollo has left fe$+ !re4 ,accus$ aft]w>d ( ?is mis*ief1 he def5ds himself aft] ! foll[+ fa%ion1 :ile he lies 9 8 crib1 hold+ 8 new-made lyre lightly 9 8 h& "u ! b$clo!s4 ,i quote ,%elley's v]sion3-- ',an ox-/eal] %\ld be bo? tall & /rong ,& ,i am b a little new-born ?+ ,:o yet1 at lea/1 c ?9k ( no?+ wrong4 ,my bus9ess is to suck1 & sleep1 & fl+ ,! cradle-clo!s ab\t me all day long1 ,or1 half-asleep1 he> my sweet "m s+ ,& to be wa%$ 9 wat] clean & w>m ,& hu%$ & kiss$ & kept secure f h>m4' 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,sudd5 he *ang$ 8 plan1 & ) /range skill ,subdu$ ! /rong ,latonian1 by ! might ,( w9n+ music1 to 8 mighti] w4 ,8 left h& held ! lyre1 & 9 8 "r ,! plectrum /ruck ! *ords3 unconqu]able ,up f b5ea? 8 h& 9 circl+ flight ,! ga!r+ music rose--& sweet z ,love ,! p5etrat+ notes did live & move ,)9 ! he>t ( great ,apollo4 ,he ,li/5$ ) all 8 s\l1 & laugh$ = pleasure4 ,close to 8 side /ood h>p+ fe>lessly ,! unaba%d boy1 & to ! measure ,( ! sweet lyre !re foll[$ l\d & free ,8 joy\s voice3 = he unlock$ ! treasure ,( 8 deep song1 illu/rat+ ! bir? ,( ! bright ,gods1 & ! d>k des]t ,e>?2 ,& h[ to ! ,immortals e "o ,a portion 0 assign$ ( all t is4 ,b *ief ,mnemosyne did ,maia's son ,clo! 9 ! light ( 8 l\d melodies4 ,&1 z ea* god 0 born or _h begun1 ,he 9 _! ord] due & fit degrees ,sung ( 8 bir? & be+--& did move ,apollo to unutt]able love4 ,9 fact1 aft] ! mo/ en?usia/ic encomiums on ! "y god's art1 & on ! p[] ( music 9 g5]al1 ,apollo (f]s ! *ild 8 protection & fri5d%ip3-- ,n[1 s9ce ?\ ha/1 al?\gh s v small1 ,sci5ce ( arts s glori\s1 ?us ,i swe>1-- ,& let ?is cornel javel91 ke5 & tall1 ,witness betwe5 u :at ,i promise "h1-- ,t ,i w lead !e to ! ,olympian hall1 ,hon\r$ & mighty1 ) ?y "m de>1 ,& _m glori\s gifts 9 joy w give !e ,& ev5 at ! end w ne'er deceive !e4 ,h]mes is n ins5sible to ?is (f] & its advantages2 he accepts x ) good grace & _m complim5ts1 nor does he wi% to rema9 beh9d 9 ! ex*ange ( c\rtesies & b5efits3 he addresses ,apollo ?us3-- ,?\ can/ seek out & compass all t wit ,c f9d or tea*4 ,yet1 s9ce ?\ wilt1 come1 take ,! lyre--be m9e ! glory giv+ x-- ,/rike ! sweet *ords1 & s+ al\d1 & wake ,! joy\s pleasure out ( _m a fit ,( tranc$ s\nd--& ) fleet f+]s make8 ,?y liquid-voic$ comrade speak ) !e1-- ,x c talk measur$ music eloqu5tly4 ,!n be> x boldly to ! revel l\d1 ,love-wak5+ dance1 or fea/ ( solemn /ate1 ,a joy by night or day3 = ^? end[$ ,) art & wisdom :o int]rogate ,x tea*es1 babbl+ 9 delightful mood ,all ?+s :i* make ! _s mo/ elate4 ,soo?+ ! m9d ) sweet famili> play1 ,*as+ ! heavy %ad[s ( dismay4 ,to ^? t are unskill$ 9 its sweet tongue1 ,?\gh !y %\ld "q mo/ impetu\sly ,its hidd5 s\l1 x gossips some?+ wrong-- ,"s s5seless & imp]t95t reply4 ,b ?\1 :o art z wise z ?\ art /rong1 ,can/ compass all t ?\ desire/4 ,i ,pres5t !e ) ?is music-fl[+ %ell1 ,kn[+ ?\ can/ int]rogate x well4444 ,apollo is n sl[ to le>n ! new art ) :i* he is ev] aft] to delight bo? gods & m52 b he is n at fir/ q at ease 9 8 m9d1 fe>+ t ,h]mes w n only recapture ! lyre b /eal 8 fri5d's b[ & arr[s into ! b>ga94 ,h]mes1 h[ev]1 swe>s by all t is holy nev] to d s1 & ! fri5d%ip ( ! two artful gods is seal$ = ev]4 ,! m9/rel does n =get1 at ?is po9t1 to rem9d 8 he>]s1 among :om we may imag9e n a few pr(essional foll[]s ( ,h]mes to h be5 mix$1 t ! robb]'s hon\r is pl$g$ by 8 div9e patron to respect ! treasures ( ,apollo's %r9es4 ,let n ! vot>y ?9k1 he adds1 t ,apollo's oracles are equally useful to good & to bad m53 ^! my/]ies are truly efficaci\s only = ! pi\s & or?odox :o foll[ ! e/abli%$ traditions ( ! temple & hon\r its s]vants4 ,apollo says3-- ,he :o comes consign$ ,by voice & w+s ( p]fect augury ,to my great %r9e %all f9d avail 9 me3 ,him ,i w n deceive1 b w assi/4 ,b he :o comes rely+ on su* birds ,z *att] va9ly1 :o w\ld /ra9 & twi/ ,! purpose ( ! gods ) idle words1 ,& deems _! k light1 he %all h miss$ ,8 road--:il/ ,i among my o!r ho>ds ,8 gifts deposit4444 ,! wilde/ fairy-/ory ?us leads easily to a little drama n )\t its human *>m & moral inspiration2 :ile ! leg5d is atta*$ to ! cultus1 & ! cultus is int]tw9$ ) ! practice & sanctions ( daily life4 ,ev5 "h1 9 its mo/ playful mood1 !re=e1 ?is my?ological poetry reta9s ! _s & function ( religion4 ,ev5 "h sac]dotal int]e/s are n =gott54 ,delphi %all be safe2 ! lyre is ,apollo's by "r al?\gh x be ,h]mes' by inv5tion4 ,a c]ta9 amiable h>mony is aft] all drawn f ! riot ( fooli%ness4 ,all is sweet & unmalici\s & lovable en\gh1 & ! patronage ( bo? ! fri5dly gods1 ! en?usia/ & ! wag1 may be invok$ ) confid5ce & b5efit4 ,n less rem>kable1 al?\gh = o!r reasons1 is ! hymn to ,aphrodite4 ,"h we f9d a m human fable & a m s]i\s tone3 :ile ! poem1 if we *oose to consid] x 9 its allegorical mean+1 t\*es "o ( ! deepe/ convictions ( ! ,greek consci5ce4 ,all ! gods save ?ree--,a!na1 ,artemis1 & ,he/ia1--are subject to ! p[] ( ,aphrodite1 ,zeus at lea/ z mu* z ! re/4 ,9 rev5ge = ?is subjection1 ,zeus det]m9es to make ,aphrodite feel ! passion :i* %e boa/s to be able to inspire 9 o!rs4 ,! fair %eph]d ,an*ises fe$s 8 flocks ^u ,m\nt ,ida1 & ) him ,aphrodite is made to fall 9 love4 ,%e pres5ts h]self to him 9 a human disguise1 & meets 8 advances ) a long acc\nt ( h] bir? & p>5tage1 & begs him to take h] back to h] p>5ts1 & hav+ ask$ = h] h& & fulfill$ all cu/om>y =malities1 to lead h] away z 8 lawful wife4 ,! passion :i* at ! same "t1 h[ev]1 %e is c>eful to brea! into him _c brook s long a delay3 & %e yields to 8 impati5ce4 ,:5 ab\t to leave him %e awakes him f 8 sleep1 turns ^u him ! full glance ( h] div9ity1 & reveals h] "n & 8 de/9y4 ,%e w be> him a son1 neas1 :o w be "o ( ! greate/ pr9ces & h]oes ( ,troy2 b he himself w be /rick5 ) feebl5ess & a premature old age1 9 puni%m5t = ! involunt>y sacrilege :i* he has committ$4 ,! description ( ! disguis$ goddess1 ) its ,hom]ic pomp & elaborate propriety1 is a noble & ma/]ly "o1 und]l9$1 z x 71 ) a c]ta9 satirical or dramatic int5tion2 we h ! directness ( a ,nausicaa1 ) a m luxuri\s & passionate beauty4 ,! revelation ( ! goddess is wond]fully made1 ) t p>allel movem5t ( natural causes & div9e work+s :i* is s (t5 to be admir$ 9 ,hom]4 ,! div9ity ( ! visitant appe>s only at ! mom5t ( h] flight1 :5 %e becomes a consecration & an unatta9able memory4 ,! sight ( deity leaves ! eyes dull1 l ^? ( ! ,platonic prison]s return+ f ! sunlight ( tru? into ! d5 ( appe>ance4 ,nay m1 a communion ) ! div9ity1 clos] ?an is consonant ) human frailty1 leaves ! se] impot5t & a burd5 ^u ! _w2 b ?is p]sonal trag$y is n )\t its noble fruits to po/]ity4 ,an*ises suff]s1 b 8 son neas1 ! issue ( t div9e ?\gh puni%able union1 lives to be>1 n only ! ag$ ,an*ises himself1 b ! gods ( ,ilium1 out ( ! ru9s ( ,troy4 ,su* analogies c>ry u1 no d\bt1 f> beyond ! int5tion ( ! hymn or ( ! exot]ic religion to :i* x m9i/]s4 ,! /ory-tell]'s delight 9 8 /ory is ! obvi\s motive ( su* compositions1 ev5 :5 !y reflect indirectly ! awe 9 :i* ! div9e imp]sonations ( natural =ces 7 held by ! popul> religion4 ,all t we may fairly imag9e to h be5 9 ! m9d ( ! pi\s s+] is ! s5se t some?+ div9e comes d[n among u 9 ! crises ( our exi/5ce1 & t ?is visitation is fraught ) imm5se al?\gh vague possibilities ( bo? good & evil4 ,! gods sometimes appe>1 & :5 !y d !y br+ u a =eta/e ( t sublime victory ( m9d ov] matt] :i* we may nev] ga9 9 exp]i5ce b :i* may con/antly be ga9$ 9 ?\ght4 ,:5 natural ph5om5a are conceiv$ z ! manife/ation ( div9e life1 human life itself1 by sympa?y ) t ideal projection ( itself1 enl>ges its cu/om>y b\nds1 until x seems capable ( becom+ ! life ( ! univ]se4 ,a god is a conceiv$ victory ( m9d ov] ,nature4 ,a visible god is ! consci\sness ( su* a victory mom5t>ily atta9$4 ,! vision soon vani%es1 ! s5se ( omnipot5ce is soon dispell$ by recurr+ conflicts ) ho/ile =ces2 b ! mom5t>y illusion ( t realiz$ good has left u ) ! p]5nial k ( good z an ideal4 ,!re9 lies ! ess5ce & ! function ( religion4 ,t su* a function 0 fulfill$ by ?is ,hom]ic leg5d1 ) all its love ( my? & lu/ ( visible beauty1 is witness$ by ano!r %ort hymn1 :i* we may quote almo/ entire by way ( conclusion4 ,x is address$ to ,ca/or & ,polydeuces1 patrons ( sailors no less ?an ( horsem5 & box]s4 ,x is impossible to read x )\t feel+ t ! poet1 h[ev] entangl$ he may h be5 9 sup]/ition & fable1 grasp$ t high ess5ce ( religion :i* makes religion rational4 ,he felt ! p[] ( contemplation to ma/] ! contradictions ( life & to ov]spread exp]i5ce1 sublime b impalpable1 l a ra9b[ ov] retreat+ /orms3-- ,ye wild-ey$ ,muses1 s+ ! ,tw9s ( ,jove 444 ,mild ,pollux1 void ( blame1 ,& /e$-subdu+ ,ca/or1 heirs ( fame4 ,^! are ! p[]s :o e>?-born mortals save ,& %ips1 ^: flight is swift along ! wave4 ,:5 w9try tempe/s o'er ! savage sea ,are rag+1 & ! sailors trembl+ly ,call on ! ,tw9s ( ,jove ) pray] & v[1 ,ga!r$ 9 fe> ^u ! l(ty pr[1 ,& sacrifice ) sn[-:ite lambs--! w9d ,& ! huge bill[ bur/+ close beh9d ,ev5 !n b5ea? ! welt]+ wat]s be> ,! /agg]+ %ip1--!y sudd5ly appe>1 ,on yell[ w+s ru%+ a?w>t ! sky1 ,& lull ! bla/s 9 mute tranquillity ,& /rew ! waves on ! :ite ocean's b$1 ,fair om5 ( ! voyage2 f toil & dread ,! sailors re/1 rejoic+ 9 ! sight1 ,& pl\gh ! quiet sea 9 safe delight4#c #a ,*apman's v]sion4 #b ,*apman's v]sion4 #c ,%elley's translation4 ,,iii ,,! ,,dissolution ,,( ,,paganism ,greek religion seems to h conta9$ ?ree factors ( unequal prom95ce1 b ultimately ( ab\t equal importance & longevity4 ,mo/ obvi\s1 especially if we beg9 our /udy ) ,hom]1 is ! my?ology :i* pres5ts u ) a multitude ( gods1 male & female1 (t5 relat$ by blood1 & hav+ social & ev5 ho/ile relations ) "o ano!r4 ,if we exam9e _! *>act]s1 attributes1 & fables1 we readily p]ceive t mo/ ( !m are imp]sonations ( natural =ces4 ,"s1 h[ev]1 figure prom95tly z patrons ( special arts or special places1 z ,apollo ( prophecy & music1 ( ,delos & ,delphi2 & yet o!rs seem to be :olly p]sonifications ( human p[]s1 z ,a!na ( prud5ce & ( m>tial & indu/rial arts4 ,und]ly+ ?is my?ology is ano!r elem5t1 probably m anci5t1 ! wor%ip ( ance/ors1 local div9ities1 & dome/ic gods4 ,) ^! 7 naturally connect$ v>i\s ritual obs]vances1 & especially ! noble/ & mo/ important ( rites1 ! sacrifice4 ,su* practices may be suppos$ to h belong$ orig9ally to ! tribal religion1 & to h pass$ by analogy to ! great natural gods1 :5 ^! _h be5 once creat$ by ! poet & p]haps id5tifi$ ) ! old] g5ius ( t spot :]e _! efficacy 0 fir/ signally manife/$4 ,f9ally1 z a ?ird elem5t1 we f9d ! religion ( ! prie/s1 soo?say]s1 & magicians1 z well z ! rites ( ,orpheus1 ,bac*us1 & ! ,great ,goddesses at ,eleusis4 ,^! =ms ( wor%ip %[$ ,ori5tal aff9ities & p>took ( a k9d ( nocturnal horror & my/ical en?usiasm4 ,!y 7 ! ,greek repres5tatives ( ! religion ( revelation & ( sacram5ts1 & bore mu* ! same relation to ! sup]naturali/ic elem5ts 9 ,*ri/ianity z does ! idea ( a %ade 9 ,hades to ! idea ( a s\l 9 heav54 ,! fundam5tal intuitions 7 ! same1 b 9 ,pagan times !y rema9$ vague1 d\btful1 & incoh]5t4 ,^! ?ree =ms ( religion lay toge!r 9 m5's m9ds & habits ?r\gh\t ! =mative p]iod ( ,greek lit]ature4 ,!re 0 an occasional rivalry among !m1 b ! tol]ance *>act]i/ic ( ,paganism c\ld reconcile _! claims )\t mu* difficulty1 & admit !m all to a %>e ( hon\r4 ,! hi/ory ( ! ?ree elem5ts1 h[ev]1 diff]s ess5tially1 z might be expect$ aft] a consid]ation ( _! respective natures4 ,! antique family religion liv$ by in]tia2 x 0 obey$ )\t be+ ju/ifi$ !oretically1 & rema9$ /rong by its v obscurity4 ,_m cu/oms :i* a man may h occasion to con=m to only once or twice 9 8 life endure = ages & survive ! ebb & fl[ ( intellectual & political sy/ems4 ,nurs]y tales1 trivial sup]/itions1 cu/oms connect$ ) w$d+s or fun]als1 or ) c]ta9 days ( ! ye>1 h a /range & irrational p]si/5ce2 !y surprise u by em]g+ into prom95ce aft] c5turies ( a sort ( subt]rane\s exi/5ce4 ,?us ! deification ( ,roman emp]ors 0 n ! sacrilegi\s innovation :i* x might appe> to be1 b on ! contr>y a re/oration ( ! _s ( ! mo/ anci5t fai?1 a revival call$ to ! aid ( a new polity by ! m+l$ /atecraft & sup]/ition ( ! times4 ,?us1 too1 ! ,*ri/ian c>e 9 ! burial ( ! dead 7contr>y z x is to ! !oretical spiritualism ( ,*ri/ianity71 ! fea/ ( ,all ,s\ls1 & ! pray]s = ! dep>t$ are evid5ces ( ! same lat5t human religion und]ly+ ! cosmic flights & public controv]sies ( !ology4 ,! my/]ies1 on ! o!r h&1 _h ess5tially a _s ( self-consci\sness & propag&a4 ,!y came z revelations or z re=ms2 !y pret5d$ to disclose secrets h&$ d[n f remote antiquity1 f ! primeval revelation ( ,god to man1 or tru?s recov]$ by ! inspiration ( lat] prophets sup]naturally illum9$4 ,! hi/ory ( ^! movem5ts is1 accord+ly1 ! hi/ory-( sects4 ,!y nev] con/itut$ ! normal & common religion ( ! p1 & nev] impress$ _! _s on ! national lit]ature4 s*ylus or ,plato may h borr[$ some?+ f !m2 b !y did s mo/ :5 !y assum$ an attitude ( op5 opposition to ! exot]ic religion ( _! c\ntry4 ,?us :5 ,plato makes 8 ,socrates prop\nd a ,py?agorean or ,orphic doctr9e ( transmigration1 he repres5ts ! v memb]s ( ! ,socratic circle z surpris$1 or z incr$ul\s3 & :5 !y are f9ally sil5c$ by ! pro(s advanc$1 x is only because !y are ov]aw$ by ! dogmatic unction ( a dy+ sage1 :o /imulates _! imag9ation ) poetic my?s1 & confuses _! intellect ) v]bal equivocations4 ,:5 ! mi/ ( ! argum5t has cle>$ away1 l inc5se aft] ! sacrifice1 !re rema9s inde$ a pr(\nd emotion1 a ca?>sis produc$ by ! sublimity & pa?os1 s artfully m+l$1 ( bo? sc5e & argum5t2 b ! b>e doctr9e enunciat$1 true & pr(\nd z x is 9 its deep] mean+1 is q incapable ( appeal+ to an undiscipl9$ m9d1 & c\ld n pass = a religi\s dogma except = ! prie/ly robes 9 :i* x is dress$4 ,?us ! function ( ! my/]ies ( :i* ,plato's ,phd may be reg>d$ z a philosophic e*o1 0 to be ! vehicle ( revolution>y t5d5cies1 t5d5cies :i* a philosoph] might privately %ape 9 "o way & a sup]/iti\s man 9 ano!r4 ,bo? c\ld f9d 9 ! spell ( an occult c]emonial & 9 ! prophecies ( an oracul> cre$ an escape f ! limitations ( ! (ficial religion4 ,my/icism & ! claim to illum9ation f\nd 9 ^! my/]ies _! natural expression4 ,! _m fundam5tal que/ions left unansw]$ & unask$ by ,paganism1 ! _m pot5tialities ( religi\s emotion left unex]cis$ by x1 7 ?us all[$ to appe>4 ,indep5d5tly ( ^! two comp>atively sil5t /reams ( religi\s life1 we may trace ! curr5t ( poly!i/ic !ology1--a curr5t :i* naturally left a pla9] trace 9 lit]ature1 s9ce x conta9$ all !re might be 9 ,greece ( speculation & controv]sy 9 religi\s matt]s4 ,! moral sanctions ( religion 7 embodi$ 9 ! dome/ic & civic wor%ip2 ! pi\s imag9ation rema9$ !reby all ! fre] to foll[ ! analogies ( physical objects 9 its my?ology4 ,apollo 0 ! fa!r ( ,asclepius & ! lead] ( ! ,muses2 8 ideal dignity & b5efic5ce 7 v\*$ = by ^? attributes4 ,he c\ld well af=d1 !re=e1 z ! ,sun-god1 to decimate ! ,greek army ) ! same fatal %afts ) :i* he slew ! ,py?on4 ,! moral function ( ! god 0 c]ta9 on o!r gr\nds1 be+ en%r9$ 9 ! local religions ( ! p4 ,! poet might foll[ )\t scruple ! sugge/ions ( exp]i5ce2 he might attribute to ! god ! v>i\s activities1 b5efic5t & malefic5t1 obs]vable 9 ! elem5t ov] :i* he presid$4 ,?is is a lib]ty tak5 ev5 9 ! mo/ morali/ic religions4 ,9 ! ,gospels1 = in/ance1 we sometimes f9d ! k+dom ( heav5 illu/rat$ by pr9ciples drawn f obs]vation ( ?is _w r ?an f an ideal conception ( ju/ice2 z :5 we he> t to him t ha? %all be giv5 & f him t ha? n %all be tak5 away ev5 t :i* he ha?4 ,su* *>act]izations appeal to our s5se ( fact4 ,!y rem9d u t ! ,god we are seek+ is pres5t & active1 t he is ! liv+ ,god2 !y are d\btless necess>y if we are to keep religion f pass+ into a m]e idealism & ,god into ! vani%+ po9t ( our ?\ght & endeav\r4 ,= we naturally seek to express 8 awful actuality1 8 un*all5geable p[]1 no less ?an 8 hol9ess & beauty4 ,?is s5se ( ! real exi/5ce ( religi\s objects c only be ma9ta9$ by id5tify+ !m ) objects ( actual exp]i5ce1 ) ! =ces ( ,nature1 or ! passions or consci5ce ( man1 or 7if x mu/ come to t7 ) writt5 laws or visible images4 ,an in/9ctive recognition ( ?is necessity kept ,greek my?ology ev] ready to return to ,nature to ga!r its mat]ials afre% f a docile1 if poetical1 obs]vation ( reality4 ,! "* ( ! god mu/ be /udi$ 9 ! manife/ations ( 8 *os5 elem5t2 o!rwise m5 might =get t1 al?\gh ! =m ( ! god 0 poetical1 8 ess5ce 0 a positive reality ( ! mo/ practical k9d4 ,zeus mu/ /ill toss 8 ambrosial locks ) a c]ta9 irritation1 9 ord] t we may recognize him 9 ! rumbl+s ( ! sky2 he mu/ /ill be capable ( wra? & delib]ate malice1 t 8 awful h& may be ?\ght to h hurl$ ! ?und]bolt4 ,cronos mu/ n be =bidd5 to dev\r 8 *ildr51 else we %\ld no long] rev]5ce 9 him ! inexorable might ( "t4 ,my?ology 0 q "r 9 n %r9k+ f su* poetic audacities4 ,!y 7 its *ief title to legitimacy1 ! pro(1 amid ! embroid]ies ( fancy :i* ov]-lay ! div9e idea1 t ! god 0 n an inv5tion1 b a fact4 ,he _h be5 f\nd1 he 0 kn[n4 ,8 "*1 l all "*1 0 m]ely a pr9ciple :i* reflection discov]$ 9 8 obs]v$ conduct4 ,! reality1 !n1 ( ! my?ological gods 0 initially unque/ionable2 & ! m fai?ful ! /udy ( ,nature by :i* ! poet 0 inspir$1 ! m au?ority did 8 prophetic vision reta94 ,b ! int5se imag9ative vitality t mu/ h prec$$ ,hom] & ,hesiod1 ! prodigi\s gift ( sympa!tic obs]vation to :i* we owe ,zeus & ,pan & all _! endless ret9ue1 0 too glori\s to la/4 ,no lat] int]pret] c\ld f9d s mu* mean+ 9 8 text4 ,my?ology 0 accord+ly plac$ 9 a sad dilemma1 ) ei!r horn fatal to its life2 x mu/ ei!r be impov]i%$ to rema9 s9c]e1 or become artificial to rema9 adequate4 ,! hi/ory ( ,greek religion1 on its speculative side1 is no?+ b ! /ory ( ?is d\ble decad5ce4 ,reflection ^u ! process ( ,nature & desire = philosophic tru? l$ inevitably to a blank pan!ism & to ! r$uction ( positive traditions to moral allegories4 ,?is 0 ! direction tak5 by ! ,/oic !ology4 ,on ! o!r h&1 adh]5ce to ! traditional gods1 ) no fur!r vivify+ ref]5ce to _! natural functions 9 ! _w1 c\ld lead only to arbitr>y fictions1 :i*1 hav+ no foo?old or ju/ification 9 reality1 7 incapable ( )/&+ ! fir/ sceptical attack4 ,:at an age ( imag9ation _h intuit$ z tru?1 an age ( reflection c\ld pres]ve only z fable2 & z fable1 accord+ly1 ! religion ( ! anci5ts surviv$ ?r\gh\t ! ,*ri/ian ages4 ,x rema9s /ill ! "m-tongue ( ! imag9ation &1 9 spite ( all revolutions & admixtures1 is ! classic language ( art & poetry1 :i* no o!r means ( expression has sup]s$$4 ,beg9n+1 h[ev]1 ) t zeal\s ,prote/ant1 ! old ,x5ophanes1 ! au/]] m9ds1 morali/s1 naturali/s1 & wits1 unit$ 9 decry+ ! fanciful poly!ism ( ! poets4 ,?is criticism 0 9 "o s5se unju/2 x did n consid] ! orig9al ju/ification ( my?ology 9 human nature & 9 ! ext]nal facts4 ,x 01 l all h]esy or p>tial scepticism1 9 a s5se sup]ficial & unphilosophical4 ,x 0 f> f conceiv+ t its own t5ets & assumptions 7 z gr\ndless1 )\t be+ z natural or adequate1 z ! sy/em x attack$4 ,to a p]son suffici5tly remov$ by "t or by philosophy f ! controv]sies ( sects1 or?odoxy mu/ always appe> "r & h]esy wrong2 = he sees 9 or?odoxy ! product ( ! creative m9d1 ( fai? & con/ructive logic1 b 9 h]esy only ! rebellion ( "s p>tial int]e/ or p>tial insight aga9/ ! coroll>ies ( a =mative pr9ciple imp]fectly grasp$ & obey$ ) hesitation4 ,at a di/ance1 ! criticism t dis9tegrates any great product ( art or m9d mu/ always appe> %ort-sight$ & unamiable4 ,socrates1 invok+2 ! local deities ( brooks & mead[s1 or pay+ ! debt ( a cock to ,asclepius 79 ?anksgiv+1 x is said1 = a happy dea?71 is m reasonable & noble to our m9d ?an are ! h>d d5ials ( ,x5ophanes or ,!odoras4 ,b 9 _! day ! revolt ( ! sceptics _h its relative ju/ification4 ,! imag9ation _h dri$ up1 & :at _h once be5 a natural int]pretation ( facts n[ seem$ an artificial addition to !m4 ,an elaborate & irrelevant _w ( fiction seem$ to h be5 impos$ on human cr$ulity4 ,my?ology 01 9 fact1 already l>gely irrelevant2 ! exp]i5ce poetiz$ by x _h be5 =gott5 & ! symbol1 9 its insignificance1 c\ld n be hone/ly or usefully reta9$4 ,! ,greek philosoph]s1 z a rule1 proce$$ cauti\sly 9 ^! matt]s4 ,!y pass$ my?ology by ) a conv5tional rev]5ce & look$ else:]e = ! true object ( _! p]sonal religion4 ,b ! old my?ological impulse 0 n yet sp5t2 x %[$ itself /ill active 9 all ! e>ly philosoph]s :o gave ! godhead new inc>nations congru\s ) ! "* ( _! respective physical sy/ems4 ,to ! ,socratic ,s*ool ! natural _w 0 no long] ! sph]e 9 :i* div9ity 0 to be f\nd4 ,!y look$ = ! div9e r 9 moral & intelligible ideas4 ,b n only did !y c>ry ! my?ological in/9ct ) !m into t new field1 !y also reta9$ x 9 ! field ( ,nature1 :5ev] !y /ill reg>d$ ,nature z real4 ,?us ,ari/otle1 :ile he reject$ ! an?ropomorphism ( ! popul> fai?1 attribut+ x to political exig5cies1 turn$ ! =ty-n9e sph]es1 ( :i* he conjectur$ t ! heav5 might be compos$1 into a pan!on ( =ty-n9e div9ities4 ,e prim>y movem5t1 he argu$1 mu/ be ! expression ( an et]nal ess5ce by :i* ! movem5t is ju/ifi$1 z ! movem5t ( ! m9d 9 ?9k+ or lov+ is ju/ifi$ by ! tru? or excell5ce ( ! object ( ?\ght or ( love4 ,)\t su* a wor?y object1 ^! spiritual activities w\ld be irrational2 & no less irrational w\ld be ! motion ( ! sph]es1 7 ea* n ob$i5t to ! influ5ce ( "s sacr$ & immutable pr9ciple4 ,=ty-n9e gods accord+ly exi/2 b no m4 ,=1 s9ce ! ess5ce ( ea* is to be ! gov]n+ ideal ( a motion1 ! numb] ( motions 9 ! sky det]m9es ! numb] ( div9e fir/ pr9ciples4 ,! gods1 we see1 are /ill ! s\ls ( ,nature2 a s\l )\t a body w\ld be a pr9ciple )\t an application2 !re c be no gods1 !n1 )\t a ph5om5al function1 no gods t d n appe> 9 ! op]ations ( ,nature4 ,?is a/ronomic my?ology 0 surely n less poetical ?an t ( ,hom]1 ev5 if1 by virtue ( a c]ta9 cold & ab/ract purity1 n unwor?y ( ! />s ( :i* x spoke1 x 0 m difficult & sublime4 ,we may obs]ve 9 x a la/ application ( ! anci5t my?ological me?od by :i* ! ph5om5a ( ,nature became evid5ce ( ! exi/5ce & "* ( ! gods4 ,b ! cele/ial deities ( ,ari/otle1 & ! m9or creative gods ( ,plato t correspond to !m1 reta9$ too mu* poetic individuality = ! /ill poor] imag9ation ( lat] times4 ,! mo/ religi\s ( sects dur+ ! classical decad5ce 0 t ( ! ,/oics2 9 !m ! _s ( con=mity1 :i* is a *ief "p ev5 ( ! religions ( hope1 con/itut$ by its exclusive cultivation a religion ( despair4 ,! "n ( ,zeus1 & an equally equivocal use ( ! ^w reason to designate ! regul>ity ( ,nature1 s]v$ to disguise ! ali5 brutality ( ! p[] or law to :i* all ! gods _h be5 r$uc$4 ,aga9/ ! backgr\nd ( a mat]iali/ic pan!ism1 9 :i* ,/oic speculation culm9at$1 two positive int]e/s /ood out3 "o1 ! resolute & truly human c\rage ) :i* ! ,/oic fac$ ! reality z he conceiv$ x1 & kept 8 dignity & 8 consci5ce pure al?\gh heav5 might fall2 ! o!r1 ! ef=ts he made1 9 8 ne$ = religion1 to rejuv5ate & re9t]pret ! pagan =ms4 ,! fables he turn$ into e?ical allegories1 ! oracles1 auspices1 & o!r sup]/iti\s rites1 he trans=m$ into quasi-sci5tific ways ( read+ ! book ( ,nature & =eca/+ ev5ts4 ,?is possibility ( prophecy con/itut$ ! ,/oic provid5ce :i* ! s5tim5tality ( mod]n apologi/s has be5 glad to confuse ) ! b5evol5t ,provid5ce ( ,*ri/ian dogma1 a ,provid5ce mak+ = ! salvation ( m54 ,! ,/oic provid5ce exclud$ t ess5tial elem5t ( b5evol5ce2 x 0 m]ely ! fact t ,nature 0 prophetic ( h] own future1 t h] p>ts1 bo? 9 space & 9 "t1 7 magically compos$ into "o liv+ sy/em4 ,my?ology ?us end$ ) ! conception ( a s+le god ^: body 0 ! :ole physical univ]se1 ^: fable 0 all hi/ory1 & ^: "* 0 ! pr9ciple ( ! univ]sal natural ord]4 ,no attempt 0 made by ! anci5t ,/oics to make ?is div9ity bett] or m amiable ?an ! evid5ce ( exp]i5ce %[$ x to be2 ! self-c5tr$1 self-suffici5t ,/oic morality1 ! rec\rse to suicide1 & ! equality 9 happ9ess & dignity betwe5 ! wise man & ,zeus1 all prove q conclusively t no?+ m 0 ask$ or expect$ ( ,nature ?an :at %e *ose to give2 to be virtu\s 0 9 man's p[]1 & no?+ else 0 a good to man4 ,! univ]se c\ld nei!r b5efit nor injure him2 & ?us we see t1 despite a rev]5tial tone & an occasional rem9isc5ce ( ! ?und]bolts ( ,zeus1 ! ,/oic's consci5ce knew h[ to scorn ! moral no?+ness ( t blank deity to :i* 8 metaphysics _h r$uc$ ! g5ial company ( ! gods4 ,?us ! reality :i* ! naturali/ic gods _h borr[$ f ! elem5ts prov$ to be a dang]\s pr]ogative2 be+ real & manife/1 ^! gods _h to be conceiv$ accord+ to our exp]i5ce ( _! op]ation1 s t ) e advance 9 sci5tific obs]vation !ology _h to be revis$1 & some?+ _h to be subtract$ f ! p]sonality & b5evol5ce ( ! gods4 ,! moral "* orig9ally attribut$ to !m necess>ily rec$$ be=e ! cle>] def9ition ( natural =ces & ! accumulat$ exp]i5ce ( national disa/]s4 ,f9ally1 little rema9$ ( ! gods except _! names1 r$uc$ to rhetorical synonyms = ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts ( ,nature2 ,phoebus 0 no?+ b a bomba/ic way ( say+ ! sun2 ,heph/us became no?+ b fire1 ,eros or ,aphrodite no?+ b love1 ,zeus no?+ b ! g5]al =ce & law ( ,nature4 ,?us ! gods rema9$ real1 b 7 no long] gods4 ,if belief 9 _! reality 0 to be kept up1 !y c\ld n reta9 too _m attributes t _h no empirical manife/ation4 ,!y mu/ be r$uc$1 z x 71 to _! fight+ weight4 ,all t ! imag9ation _h add$ to !m by way ( p]sonal "*1 sanctity1 & life mu/ be reject$ z an?ropomorphism & fable4 ,su* is ! necess>y logic ( natural religion4 ,if ,nature manife/s ! exi/5ce ( a god1 %e mu/ to t ext5t manife/ 8 "*2 if %e does n manife/ 8 "*1 %e _c involve 8 exi/5ce4 ,we obs]ve to-day a process exactly analog\s to t by :i* ! natural div9ities ( ,greece 7 r$uc$ aga9 to ! physical or social =ces f :i* poetry _h orig9ally evok$ _! =ms4 ,_m m9ds are gr[n too timid to build _! religi\s fai? unblu%+ly on revelation1 or on t moral imag9ation or inw>d dem& :i* revelation comes to express & to satisfy4 ,!y seek1 !re=e1 to naturalize ! ,deity & to id5tify x ) "s pr9ciple ( hi/ory1 ( ,nature1 or ( logic4 ,b ?is id5tification _c be made )\t great concessions on bo? sides4 ,! accommodations :i* ensue inevitably involve _m equivocations1 & "s misrepres5tations ( ! het]og5e\s pr9ciples1 n[ natural1 n[ moral1 :i* x is s\ght to unify4 ,confus$ & agoniz$ by ^! contradictions1 ! natural !ologian1 if he keep 8 hone/y1 c only re/ 9 ! end 9 a *a/5$ recognition ( ! facts ( exp]i5ce1 t[>d :i* he w1 no d\bt1 ex]cise 8 acquir$ habits ( acquiesc5ce & euphemism4 ,b ^! habits1 ! survival ( :i* gives 8 philosophy "s air ( be+ /ill a religion1 w n be inh]it$ by 8 disciples & successors2 a pi\s mann] may survive religi\s fai?1 b w n survive x long4 ,! society to :om ! re=m] tea*es a retic5t & emb>rass$ naturalism w disc>d ! retic5ce & av[ ! naturalism ) pride4 ,! masses ( m5 w see no reason :y !y %\ld n live out _! native impulses or acquir$ passions )\t fe> ( t environ+ p[] ( :i* !y are1 aft] all1 ! highe/ embodim5t2 :ile a few ?9k]s1 dev\t & rational by temp]am5t1 w "k h[ to ma9ta9 _! dignity ( _s 9 ! face ( a univ]se ( :i* !y ask no fav\r save ! revelation ( its laws4 ,?us irreligion = ! _m & ,/oicism = ! few is ! end ( natural religion 9 ! mod]n _w z x 0 9 ! anci5t4 ,b natural religion 7t is1 ! turn+ ( ! facts & laws ( ,nature or ( exp]i5ce into an object ( wor%ip7 is by no means a primitive nor an ultimate =m ( religion2 x is r ( all ! =ms ( religion ! mo/ unnatural & ! lea/ capable ( exi/+ )\t a hi/orical & emotional sett+1 indep5d5t ( its own ess5ce & inconsi/5t ) its pr9ciple4 ,no nation has ev] _h a m]ely natural religion4 ,:at is call$ by t "n has be5 ! appanage ( a few philosoph]s 9 ages ( religi\s dis9tegration1 :5 ! habit ( wor%ip1 surviv+ ! belief 9 any prop] object ( wor%ip1 has be5 transf]r$ ) ef=t & unc]ta9ty to ! natural ord] :i* alone rema9$ be=e ! m9d1--to ! cosmos1 ! self1 ! /ate1 or humanity4 ,my?ology1 ( :i* natural religion is ! la/ & mo/ ab/ract phase1 0 orig9ally religi\s only 9 s f> z x 0 sup]natural 9 s f>1 ,i mean1 z ! analogies ( out] ,nature l$ ! poet to conceive "s moral ideal1 "s glori\s be+ full ( y\? & s]5ity1 ( passion & wisdom4 ,only :5 ?us transfigur$ into ! human c\ld ! natural seem div9e4 ,! ,greeks 7 nev] idolat]s1 & no m wor%ipp$ ! sun or moon or ! :ole ( ,nature ?an !y did /atues ( bronze or m>ble2 !y wor%ipp$ only ! god :o _h a temporal image 9 ! temple z he _h an et]nal image 9 ! sun or 9 ! univ]se4 ,x happ5$1 !re=e1 t 9 ! decay ( my?ology ! gods c\ld /ill survive z moral ideals4 ,! m !y 7 cut (f f _! accid5tal foo?old 9 ! _w ( fact1 ! m cle>ly c\ld !y manife/ _! ess5ce z expressions ( ! _w ( values4 ,we h m5tion$ ! fact t ! great] gods ( ,greece 7 almo/ :olly deta*$ f ! cosmographical h9ts :i* _h orig9ally sugge/$ _! "* & fable4 ,?us emancipat$1 ^! nobl] gods c\ld survive 9 ! consci\sness ( ! dev\t1 fix$ !re by _! purely moral significance & poetic tru?4 ,apollo or ,a!na %[$ little or no?+ ( a naturali/ic orig92 !y 7 patrons ( life1 embodim5ts ( ! ideal1 objects ( contemplation = s\ls t by pray] w\ld rise to ! semblance ( ! god to :om !y pray$4 ,?is trans=mation into ! moral _h be5 go+ on f ! beg9n+ 9 ! religi\s m9d ( ,greece4 ,x 0 really ! legitimate fulfilm5t ( t translation into ! human to :i* my?ology itself 0 due4 ,b my?ology _h m]ely turn$ ! physical into ! p]sonal & impassion$2 religion 0 n[ to turn ! psy*ical into ! good4 ,?is t5d5cy came to a vivid & rational expression 9 ,plato4 ,! gods1 he decl>$1 %\ld be repres5t$ only z !y 71 i4e4 z moral ideals4 ,! sc&al ( _! fables %\ld be remov$ & !y %\ld be reg>d$ z au?ors only ( ! good1 9 _! own lives z 9 ours4 ,to ref] all ?+s to ! efficacy ( ! gods %\ld be acc\nt$ impiety4 ,!y1 l ! supreme & ab/ract pr9ciple ( all excell5ce :i* !y embodi$1 c\ld be ! au?ors only ( :at is good4 ,_h ?is rem>kable doctr9e be5 c>ri$ out fully x w\ld h l$ to important results4 ,we %\ld h _h goodness z ! crit]ion ( div9ity1 to ! exclusion ( p[]4 ,god w\ld h become av[$ly an ideal1 a patt]n to :i* ! _w might or might n con=m4 ,su* pot5tial con=mity w\ld h rema9$ dep5d5t on causes1 natural or free1 ) :i* ,god1 n be+ a p[]1 c\ld h no?+ to d4 ,plato & ,ari/otle did1 9 fact1 con/ruct a !ology on ^! l9es1 b !y obscur$ its purity 9 _! well-meant attempts to connect 7m or less my?ically or magically7 _! own ,socratic pr9ciple ( excell5ce ) ! cosmic pr9ciples ( ! e>li] philosoph]s4 ,! elem5ts ( confusion & pan!ism :i* 7 ?us introduc$ into ! ,socratic philosophy made x m acceptable1 p]haps1 to ! !ologians ( lat] times1 9 ^: religion a pan!i/ic t5d5cy 0 also lat5t4 ,9 ! h&s ( ,jewi%1 ,*ri/ian1 or ,mohamm$an comm5tators ! my?ical & magical "p ( ! ,greek conceptions 0 naturally emphasiz$ & ! rational "p re9t]pret$ & obscur$4 ,plato _h spok51 9 "o ( 8 my?s1 ( a ,demiurgos1 a p]sonification ( ! ,idea ( ! ,good1 :o directly or indirectly made ! _w 9 8 own image1 r5d]+ x z p]fect z ! indet]m9ate ,*aos he work$ on w\ld all[4 ,ari/otle _h spok5 ( an intellig5ce1 happy & self-contemplative1 :o 0 ! pr9ciple ( movem5t 9 ! heav5s1 & ?r\gh ! heav5s 9 ! re/ ( ,nature4 ,su* expressions _h a s\nd f> too congru\s ) ,mosaic doctr9e n to be seiz$ ^u ) joy by ! apologi/s ( ! new fai?s1 :o 7 glad to invoke ! au?ority ( classic poets & philosoph]s 9 fav\r ( doctr9es t 9 _! ,hebrew expression might s easily seem crude & irrational to ! ,g5tiles4 ,?is assimilation gave to ! casual my?s ( ,plato & to ! meagre ?\gh bold argum5tation ( ,ari/otle a turn & a significance :i* !y h>dly _h to _! au?ors4 ,if we approa* ^! philosoph]s z we %\ld f ! po9t ( view ( ,greek lit]ature & life1 & prep>e ourselves to see 9 !m ! disciples ( ,socrates r ?an 7:at ,plato 0 once actually decl>$ to be7 ! disciples ( ,moses1 we %all see t !y 7 simply1 my?ologi/s ( ! ,ideal2 !y ref9$ ! gods ( tradition into patrons ( civic discipl9e & art1 ! gods ( natural philosophy into pr9ciples ( intelligibility & beauty4 ,! creation describ$ 9 ! ,timu is a transp>5t p>able4 ,elem5ts :i* e?ical reflection di/+ui%es 9 ! field ( exp]i5ce are turn$ 9 t dialogue1 ) undisguis$ fre$om ( fancy1 into s _m half-p]sonifi$ primitive p[]s2 ! ,ideas1 ! ,demiurgos1 ,*aos1 ! ,indet]m9ate1 & ! gods ( gods4 ,plato has n =gott5 ! lessons ( ,socrates & ,p>m5ides4 ,he di/ru/s z mu* z !y any natural or g5etic philosophy ( exi/5ce4 ,he virtually tells u t1 if we mu/ h a hi/ory ( creation1 we c h>dly d bett] ?an to take ideal or moral pr9ciples1 comb9e !m z we might s _m mat]ial elem5ts1 & see h[ ! intelligible "p ( exi/5ce may ?us receive a quasi-explanation4 ,god rema9s ! creator ( ! good only1 because :at he is my?ically said to create is m]ely t 9 ,nature :i* spontane\sly resembles him or con=ms to 8 idea2 only ?is elem5t 9 ,nature is intelligible or good1 & !re=e ! pr9ciple ( goodness may be said to be its cause4 ,?us1 = example1 if we *ose to write an ,anatomy ( ,melan*oly1 we might attribute to ! ,demon ( ,sple5 or to ! ,blue ,devils only ! sombre elem5ts ( t s\lful comp\nd1 :i*1 h[ev]1 ! evil imps w\ld et]nally t5d to make z absolutely dyspeptic & l unto !mselves z its primordial texture w\ld all[4 ,9 exactly su* a way ,plato1 9 8 allegorical mann]1 con/ruct$ a univ]se ) a poetical ma*9]y ( moral =ces1 p]sonifi$ & treat$ z ag5ts4 ,:5 ! ?9 veil ( allegory is drawn aside1 !re rema9s no?+ b a spl5did illu/ration ( ! ,socratic philosophy2 we are taught t ! only sci5ce is moral sci5ce1 & t1 if we wi% to und]/& ! _w1 we mu/ b5d our m9ds to ! def9ition ( its qualities & values1 :i* are all t is intelligible 9 x4 ,ess5ces & values alone are kn[able & fix$ & am5able to sci5ce4 ,if we insi/ on hi/ory & cosmogony1 we mu/ be satisfi$ ) hav+ !m pres5t$ to u 9 allegorical =m1 & made to foll[ e?ics z ! ,timu foll[s ! ,republic4 ,natural philosophy c be no?+ b a sort ( analytic retrospect by :i* we trace ! fir/ glimm]+s & ! progressive manife/ation 9 ,nature ( ^? ideas :i* h au?ority ov] our own m9ds4 ,ph5om5a _h = ,plato exi/5ce )\t reality1 t is1 )\t intelligibility or value4 ,!y 7 a m]e appe>ance4 ,we ne$ n be surpris$1 !n1 t he refus$ altoge!r to con/ruct a !ology by ! poetic int]pretation ( ph5om5a & pref]r$ to con/ruct "o allegorically out ( 8 moral conceptions1 ! good & ! ideal4 ,ari/otle1 too1 :ile adh]+ incid5tally1 z we h se51 to a purifi$ a/ronomical !ology1 capp$ ?is ) a purifi$ moral !ology ( 8 own4 ,! ,platonic picture-gall]y ( ideas1 ) ! ab/ract pr9ciple ( excell5ce t unifi$ !m1 gave place 9 8 philosophy to an ,ideal realiz$ 9 ! concrete & exi/+ z an individual4 ,we may v5ture to say t among ! ?9k]s ( all nations ,ari/otle 0 ! fir/ to rea* ! conception ( :at may fitly be call$ ,god4 ,nei!r ! national deity ( ! ,hebrews1 z !n conceiv$1 nor ! natural deities ( ! ,g5tiles1 nor ! half-physical1 half-logical ab/ractions ( ! e>li] ,greek philosoph]s really correspond$ to ! notion ( a be+ spiritual1 p]sonal1 & p]fect1 immutable )\t be+ ab/ract1 & omnipot5t )\t ef=t & )\t degradation4 ,ari/otle fir/ con/ruct$ ?is ideal1 n out ( 8 fancy1 b by build+ on ! solid gr\nd ( human nature & foll[+ to _! po9t ( union ! l9es :i* moral aspiration & ef=t actually foll[4 ,nay1 ! ideal he po9t$ to 0 to be ! goal n ( human life only b ( natural life 9 all its =ms4 ,! analytic /udy ( ,nature 7a /udy :i* at ! same "t mu/ be imag9ative & sympa!tic7 c\ld guide u to ! conception ( h] inn] ne$s & t5d5cies & ( :at _! prop] fulfilm5t w\ld be4 ,we c\ld !n see t ?is fulfilm5t w\ld lie 9 intellig5ce & ?\ght4 ,gr[? is = ! sake ( ! fruition ( life1 & ! fruition ( life consi/s 9 ! pursuit & atta9m5t ( objects4 ,! moral virtues belong to ! pursuit1 ! intellectual to ! atta9m5t4 ,k is ! end ( all endeav\r1 ! ju/ification & fulfilm5t ( all gr[?4 ,intellig5ce is ! cl>ification ( love4 ,a be+1 !n1 ^: life %\ld be a life ( pure & complete k1 w\ld embody ! goal t[>d :i* all ,nature /rives4 ,:5 we pond] duly ! %ort phrases 9 :i* ,ari/otle prop\nds 8 conception ( ,god we f9d t he has call$ up be=e u ! noble/ possible object ( human ?\ght1 ! pres5tim5t ( t ?\ght's p]fect fulfilm5t4 ,!re is no alloy ( naturalism 9 ?is conception1 & at ! same "t no suspicion ( irrelevancy4 ,?is ,god is n a m]e title ( hon\r = ! psy*o-physical univ]se1 confus$ly conceiv$ & lump$ toge!r2 he is an ultra-mundane ideal1 to be an inviolate /&>d & goal = all mov+ reality4 ,yet he is n irrelevant to ! facts & =ces ( ! _w1 n ! dream ( an ab/ract$ poet4 ,he is an idea :i* reality ev]y:]e evokes 9 evok+ its own deepe/ crav+ & ne$4 ,no?+ is s p]t95t & mom5t\s 9 life z ! object we are try+ to atta9 by ?\ght or action1 s9ce t object is ! s\rce ( our inspiration & ! /&>d ( our success4 ,?us ,ari/otle's ,god is n sup]flu\s1 n inv5t$4 ,?is !ology is a true idealism1 ,i mean an idealism itself purely ideal1 :i* e/abli%es ! au?ority ( human dem&s1 e?ical1 & logical1 )\t impugn+ ! exi/5ce or efficacy ( t mat]ial univ]se :i* x end[s ) a mean+ & a /&>d4 ,yet ?is rational conception1 ! natural out-gr[? ( ! ,socratic philosophy1 e/abli%es a dualism betwe5 ! actual & ! ideal aga9/ :i* ! human m9d easily rebels4 ,ari/otle himself 0 h>dly fai?ful to x4 ,he tri$ to prove ! exi/5ce ( 8 ,god1 & exi/5ce is some?+ q irrelevant to an ideal4 ,?is confusion is v excusable1 especially 9 an age :5 ! /rictly me*anical view ( ,nature /ill seem$ hopelessly inadequate4 ,ari/otle consequ5tly tri$ to und]/& ! natural _w by view+ x sy/ematically f ! po9t ( view ( moral sci5ce1 z ,plato _h done less coh]5tly 9 8 my?s2 & h5ce came :at we mu/ reg>d z ! great error ( ,ari/otle's philosophy1 ! belief 9 ! efficacy ( f9al causes & 9 ! prexi/5ce ( entele*ies4 ,b1 ap>t f ?is unhappy "q ( exi/5ce1 :i* is1 z we h said1 irrelevant to an ideal1 ,ari/otle's conception ( ,god rema9s1 p]haps1 ! mo/ philosophical t has yet be5 con/ruct$4 ,)\t any concessions to s5tim5t or sup]/ition1 x pres5ts u ) a sublime vision ( ! ess5tially human1 ( a nature z free f an unwor?y an?ropomorphism z f an inhuman ab/ractness4 ,x is made bo? human & sup]human by ! same pr9ciple ( idealization4 ,x is ! f9al cause ( ,nature & man1 ! realization ( _! imm95t upw>d ef=t1 ! ess5ce t w\ld conta9 all _! values & escape all _! imp]fections4 ,we may well d\bt1 h[ev]1 :e!r m5 9 g5]al w ev] be ready to accept s au/]e a !ology 9 guise ( a religion2 !y 7 c]ta9ly n ready to d s at ! end ( ! classical p]iod4 ,! inh]itance ( ,paganism fell in/ead to ,*ri/ianity1 9 :i* e?ical & naturali/ic elem5ts 7 aga9 unit$1 al?\gh unit$ 9 a new way4 ,=1 :ile ! s*eme ( ,paganism1 & ( all ! philosophies t s\ght to rationalize ,paganism1 0 cosmic & /atic1 ! s*eme ( ,*ri/ianity 0 hi/orical4 ,!y spoke ( ! dynamic relations ( heav5 & e>?1 or ( ! immutable hi]>*y ( ideas & ess5ces2 ev5 ,ari/otle's ,god 0 someh[ 9 spatial relations to ! ,univ]se :i* he set 9 motion4 ,! religion ( ! ,hebrews1 on ! o!r h&1 _h be5 ess5tially hi/orical & civic3 x _h be5 conc]n$ ) ! moral de/9ies ( ,israel & ! deal+s ( ,jehovah ) 8 p4 ,*ri/ianity inh]it$ ?is hi/orical "*2 its my/]ies occurr$ 9 "t4 ,n only ! r$emption ( ! _w b ! vocation & sanctification ( ! individual 7 progressive1 & :5 ! habits & problems ( ,*ri/ian !ology 7 c>ri$ ov] by ! ,g]man ideali/s into ! region ( pure metaphysics1 ! sy/ems !y conceiv$ 7 /ill sy/ems ( evolution4 ,god 0 to be manife/ 9 ! developm5t ( ?+s4 ,= ,*ri/ianity 9 its own way _h spok5 f ! beg9n+ ( a gradual & yet to be complet$ desc5t ( ! div9e into ! natural by ! ag5cy ( prophecy1 law1 & sacram5tal in/itutions2 x _h repres5t$ ! relations ( ,god to man 9 a va/ hi/oric drama1 ( :i* creation con/itut$ ! op5+1 ! fall & r$emption ! nexus1 & ! la/ judgm5t ! unravell+4 ,?us appe>$ a new s*eme = ! unification ( ! natural & ! moral4 ,! h>mony :i* ! old religion _h fail$ to e/abli% 9 space & 9 ,nature1 ! new s\ght to e/abli% 9 hi/ory & 9 "t4 ,x 0 hop$ t life & exp]i5ce1 s9 & r$emption1 might manife/ t div9ity :i* _h fl$ out ( ! sea & sky1 & :i* x seem$ sacrilege to id5tify any long] ) ! animal vitality ( ! univ]se4 ,:e!r ! same criticism t dis9tegrat$ my?ology & isolat$ its elem5ts ( sci5ce & ( poetry w\ld n be fatal to ! new comb9ation ( ! moral & ! factual 9 ! hi/ory ( man1 is h>dly a "q = u "h4 ,suffice x to po9t out ! problem & to regi/] ! solution :i* 0 f\nd 9 ! anci5t _w to ! analog\s problem t pres5t$ itself !re4 ,! fir/ impulse ( ! imag9ation is always to comb9e 9 ! object all ! elem5ts :i* lie toge!r 9 ! m9d1 to project !m indiscrim9ately into a s+le conception ( reality1 enri*$ ) z _m qualities z !re are phases & values 9 our exp]i5ce4 ,b ^! phases & values h div]se orig9s & d n p]man5tly hang toge!r4 ,x becomes aft] a :ile impossible to keep !m atta*$ to a s+le image2 !y h to be di/ribut$ accord+ to _! true ord] & connections1 "s objectifi$ into a physical univ]se ( me*anism & law1 o!rs built into a sy/em ( rational objects1 into a hi]>*y ( logical & moral ideas4 ,s ! lovely pan!on ( ! ,greeks yield$ 9 "t to analysis & 0 dissolv$ into ab/ract sci5ce & consci\s fable4 ,s1 too1 ! body & s\l ( lat] religions may come to be divid$1 :5 !y r5d] back to e>? :at !y conta9 ( positive hi/ory & to ! heav5 ( man's indomitable idealism :at !y conta9 ( aspiration & hope4 ,,iv ,,! ,,poetry ,,( ,,*ri/ian ,,dogma ,! dea?b$ ( ,paganism 0 surr\nd$ by doctors4 ,"s1 ! ,/oics1 advis$ a conv]sion into pan!ism 7) an allegorical int]pretation ( my?ology to s]ve ! purposes ( edification72 o!rs1 ! ,neo-,platoni/s1 prescrib$ in/ead a sup]natural philosophy1 :]e ! efficacy ( all traditional rites w\ld be ju/ifi$ by incorporation into a sy/em ( univ]sal magic1 & ! gods w\ld f9d _! place among ! legions ( spirits & demons t 7 to p ! conc5tric sph]es4 ,b ^! doctors _h no k ( ! pati5t's natural con/itution2 _! m$ic9es1 prescrib$ ) ! be/ int5tions1 7 9 tru? poisons & only ha/5$ ! inevitable end4 ,nor _h ! un=tunate doctors ! consolation ( be+ heirs4 ,p>asites t !y 71 !y p]i%$ ) ! patron on ^: sub/ance !y _h f$1 & ,*ri/ianity1 _! despis$ rival1 came into sole possession4 ,yet ,neo-,platonism1 = all we c see1 respond$ z well z ,*ri/ianity to ! ne$s ( ! "t1 & _h besides great ext]nal advantages 9 its alliance ) tradition1 ) civil p[]1 & ) philosophy4 ,if ! dem&s ( ! age 7 = a reveal$ religion & an ascetic morality1 ,neo-,platonism c\ld satisfy !m to ! full4 ,:y1 !n1 %\ld ! ,hell5ic _w h brok5 ) ! creations ( its own g5ius1 s pla/ic1 eloqu5t1 & full ( res\rce1 to run aft] =eign gods & new doctr9es t mu/ naturally h be5 /umbl+-blocks to its prejudices1 & fooli%ness to its intellig5ce8 ,%all we say t ! triumph ( ,*ri/ianity 0 a miracle8 ,is x n a d\btful encomium on a religion to say t only by miracle c\ld x come to be believ$8 ,p]haps ! =ces ( human reason & emotion suffice to expla9 ?is fai?4 ,we pref] to ?9k s2 o!rwise1 h[ev] complete & f9al ! triumph ( ,*ri/ianity might be1 x w\ld n be ju/ifi$ or b5efic5t4 ,neo-,platonism arose 9 ! mid/ ( ! same conditions z ,*ri/ianity4 ,!re 0 we>9ess & disgu/ ) ! life ( nature1 decay ( political virtue1 desire = "s p]sonal & sup]natural good4 ,x 0 h>dly necess>y to prea* ! doctr9e ( orig9al s9 to t society2 ! visible blight t _h fall5 on classic civilization 0 pro( en\gh ( t4 ,:at x 0 necess>y to prea* 0 r$emption4 ,x 0 necess>y to po9t to "s sph]e ( refuge & ( heal?ful resort1 :]e ! ignom9ies & ! frivolities ( ?is _w might be =gott51 & :]e ! hung] ( a he>t left empty by its corrod+ passions might be f9ally satisfi$4 ,b :]e f9d su* a sup]natural _w8 ,by :at revelation le>n its nature & be assur$ ( its exi/5ce8 ,neo-,platonism op5$ vi/as into ! sup]natural1 b ! av5ues ( approa* :i* x _h *os5 & ! pr9ciple :i* _h giv5 =m to its sy/em =$oom$ x to failure z a religion4 ,?is av5ue 0 dialectic1 & ?is pr9ciple ! hypo/asis ( ab/ractions4 ,plato _h po9t$ out ?is pa? 9 8 g5ial allegories4 ,he _h1 by a poetical figure1 turn$ ! ideas ( reason into ! compon5t =ces ( creation4 ,?is 01 ) him1 a me?od ( expression1 b be+ ! only me?od he 0 incl9$ to employ1 x naturally entangl$ & occasionally1 p]haps1 deceiv$ 8 intellig5ce2 = a poet easily mi/akes 8 inspir$ tropes = ! physiology ( ,nature4 ,yet ,platonic dogma1 ev5 :5 meant z su*1 reta9$ ! transp>5cy & significance ( a my?2 philosophy 0 /ill a language = ! expression ( exp]i5ce1 & dialectic a me?od & n a cre$4 ,b ! ma/]'s c\nt]s1 curr5t dur+ six c5turies ( intellectual decad5ce1 _h become 8 disciples' money4 ,ea* ( 8 ab/ractions seem$ to !m a discov]y1 ea* ( 8 metaphors a revelation4 ,! my?s ( ! great dialogues1 &1 above all1 ! fanciful ma*9]y ( ! ,timu1 int]pret$ ) an incr$ible lit]alness & naive e>ne/ness1 su* z only ,biblical exegesis c rival1 =m$ ! />t+ po9t ( ! new revelation4 ,! me?od & insight ?us obta9$ 7 !n employ$ 9 fill+ ! lacun ( ! sy/em & spread+ its w+s wid] & wid]1 until a prodigi\s hi]>*y ( sup]natural exi/5ces _h be5 inv5t$1 f :i* ! natural _w 0 made to dep5d z a la/ l9k & l[e/ emanation4 ,! baselessness & elaboration ( ?is !ology 71 ( c\rse1 f> f be+ ob/acles to its success 9 su* an age4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! less evid5ce c\ld be f\nd 9 common exp]i5ce = :at a man appe>$ to "k1 ! m deeply1 p inf]r$1 mu/ he be v]s$ 9 sup]natural lore1 & ! great]1 accord+ly1 0 8 au?ority4 ,nor 0 ! spell ( p]sonal g5ius & ev5 hol9ess want+ 9 ! lead]s ( ! new philosophy to l5d x col\r & p]suasiv5ess ) ! _m1 to :om metaphysical conceptions are less impressive ?an is an eloqu5t p]sonality1 or a reputation = miracul\s p[]s4 ,plot9us1 to speak only ( ! greate/ ( ! sect1 _h1 9 fact1 a notable success 9 8 day4 ,8 lectures at ,rome1 we are told1 7 att5d$ by all ! fa%ion & intellect ( ! capital2 & 8 l>ge & sy/ematic ?\ght1 8 subtlety & precision1 8 comp>atively sob] eloqu5ce1 & 8 assurance1 if we may say s1 9 tread+ ! cl\ds1 h made him at all times a great au?ority ) ^? p]sons :o look 9 philosophy r = impressive results ?an = solid f\ndations4 ,8 contempor>ies 7 em95tly p]sons ( t type4 ,a hungry man1 :5 y br+ him bread1 does n /op to make scrupul\s inquiries ab\t ! mill or ! ov5 f :i* y br+ x4 ,b ! tr\ble 0 t ! bread ( ,plot9us 0 a /one4 ,! he>t _c fe$ on ?9 & elaborate ab/ractions1 irrelevant to its ne$s & divorc$ f ! natural objects ( its int]e/4 ,m5 w (t5 accept ! balde/ fictions z tru?s2 b x is impossible = !m to give a human mean+ to vacu\s conceptions1 or to gr[ to love ! categories ( logic1 int]weav+ _! image ) ! actions & emotions ( daily life4 ,religion mu/ spr+ f ! p2 x mu/ draw its =m f tradition & its sub/ance f ! national imag9ation & consci5ce4 ,neo-,platonism drew bo? =m & sub/ance f a sy/em ( ab/ract ?\ght4 ,its gods 7 /ill-born1 be+ g5]at$ by logical di*otomy4 ,only 9 ! l[] purlieus ( ! sy/em1 fill$ 9 by accept+ curr5t sup]/itions1 0 !re any contact ) some?+ l vital religi\s =ces4 ,b ^? m9or elem5ts--hopes & fe>s ab\t ano!r _w1 fa/s & p5ances1 ec/asies & m>vels--_h no necess>y relation to t metaphysical sy/em4 ,su* practices c\ld be f\nd 9 e religion1 9 e philosophical sect ( ! "t4 ,! ,alex&rian dialectic ( ! sup]natural accord+ly rema9$ a m]e s*ema or skeleton1 to be fill$ 9 ) ! mat]ials ( "s real religion1 if su* a religion %\ld arise4 ,z su* a s*ema ! ,neo-,platonic sy/em actually pass$ ov] to ,*ri/ian !ology1 furni%+ ! latt] ) its categories1 its language1 & its speculative me?od4 ,b t dialectic s]v$ 9 ,*ri/ianity to give =m to a religi\s sub/ance furni%$ by ,hebrew & apo/olic tradition1 a religi\s sub/ance su* z1 aft] ! ,pagan religion 0 discr$it$1 ,neo-,platonism necess>ily lack$ & 0 p[]less to g5]ate4 ,we h m5tion$ apo/olic tradition4 ,x is =tunately n requisite = our purpose to discuss ! orig9 ( ?is tradition1 mu* less to decide h[ mu* ( :at ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* ev5tually taught might be trac$ to its ,f\nd]4 ,t is a po9t :i* ev5 ! mo/ ?or\gh s*ol>s seem /ill to decide ma9ly by _! prejudices1 p]haps because o!r mat]ial is lack+ on :i* to base a decision4 ,= our pres5t object we may admit ! mo/ extreme hypo!ses z equally possible4 ,! :ole body ( ,ca?olic doctr9e may h be5 conta9$ 9 ! oral tea*+ ( ,*ri/2 or1 on ! o!r h&1 a hi/orical ,jesus may n h exi/$ at all1 or may h be5 "o among _m obscure ,jewi% revolutioni/s1 ! "o :o1 by accid5t1 came aft]w>d to be reg>d$ z ! initiator ( a movem5t to :i* all sorts ( =ces contribut$1 & ) :i* he _h really _h no?+ to d4 ,9 ei!r case ! fact rema9s :i* alone int]e/s u "h2 t aft] ?ree or f\r c5turies ( confus$ /ruggles1 an in/itution em]g$ :i* call$ itself ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,?is *ur*1 possess$ ( a recogniz$ hi]>*y & a recogniz$ dogma1 triumph$1 bo? ov] ! anci5t religion1 :i* x call$ ,paganism1 & ov] its _m collat]al rivals1 :i* x call$ h]esies4 ,:y did x triumph8 ,:at 0 !re 9 its novel dogma & practice t en*a9$ ! m9ds t ,paganism c\ld reta9 no long]1 & t w\ld n be cont5t ) ,neo-,platonism1 native1 philosophical1 & pliable z t sy/em 08 ,! answ]1 to be adequate1 w\ld h to be long2 b p]haps we may indicate ! _s 9 :i* x ought to be conceiv$4 ,paganism 0 a religion1 b 0 disc>d$ because x 0 n sup]natural3 ,neo-,platonism c\ld n be ma9ta9$ because x 0 n a religion4 ,*ri/ianity 0 bo?4 ,x _h its roots 9 a national fai?1 m\ld$ by ! trials & passions ( a s+ul>ly religi\s p2 t connection ) ,judaism gave ,*ri/ianity a foo?old 9 hi/ory1 a def9ite dogmatic nucleus1 :i* x 0 a true in/9ct 9 ! ,*ur* nev] to ab&on1 mu* z c]ta9 speculative h]esies might cry out aga9/ ! unnatural union ( a !ory ( r$emption ) "o ( creation1 & ( a _w-d5y+ ascetic idealism1 :i* ,*ri/ianity 0 ess5tially1 ) ! national laws1 ! crude deism1 & ! /r5u\s worldl9ess ( ! anci5t ,jews4 ,h[ev]1 _h ! ,gno/ic or ,mani*an h]esies be5 victori\s1 ,*ri/ianity w\ld h be5 r$uc$ to a float+ speculation3 its h>d k]nel ( positive dogma1 ( ,scripture1 & ( hi]atic tradition w\ld h be5 dissolv$4 ,x w\ld h ceas$ to repres5t antiquity or to h& d[n an ance/ral piety3 9 f9e1 by its eag]ness to express itself z a p]fect philosophy1 x w\ld h ceas$ to be a religion4 ,h[ ess5tial an elem5t its ,hebraism 01 we c see n[ by ! /udy ( ,prote/antism1 a gr\p ( h]esies 9 :i* ! practical in/9cts & s5tim5tal ne$s ( ! ,teutonic race f\nd expression1 by ?r[+ ov] m or less completely ! ,ca?olic dogma & ritual4 ,yet 9 ?is revolution ! ,prote/ants ma9ta9$1 or r increas$1 ! int5sity ( _! religi\s consci\sness1 *iefly by absorb+ ! elem5ts ( ,hebrew law & prophecy :i* !y c\ld f9d 9 ! ,bible & ca/+ into t traditional =m _! p]sonal consci5ce or _! national ideals4 ,h[ inadequate1 on ! o!r h&1 ?is ,hebraic elem5t w\ld h be5 to con/itute ! sup]natural religion t 0 n[ ne$$1 appe>s v cle>ly f ! case ( ,philo ,judu4 ,"h 0 a man1 heir to all ! piety & f]v\r ( 8 race1 :o at ! same "t 0 a ,neo-,platoni/ ?ree hundr$ ye>s be=e ,plot9us &1 z x 71 ! fir/ ,fa!r ( ! ,*ur*4 ,b 8 religion1 be+ national1 0 n communicable &1 be+ positivi/ic1 0 at fundam5tal odds ) ! _s ( 8 philosophy4 ,x rema9$1 !re=e1 z a m]ely p]sonal treasure & heirloom1 ! possession ( 8 private life3 8 disciples1 _h he _h any1 mu/ ei!r h be5 ,jews !mselves or else mu/ h be5 ! foll[]s m]ely ( 8 philosophy4 ,8 religion c\ld n h pass$ to !m2 !y w\ld h reg>d$ x1 z we might reg>d ! ,*ri/ianity ( ,kant or ! wife-wor%ip ( ,comte1 z a private circum/ance1 a deta*$ trait1 less damag+1 p]haps1 to 8 philosophy ?an fav\rable to 8 loyal he>t4 ,philo1 9 8 comm5t>ies on ! ,bible1 s\ght to envelop & trans=m e detail 9 ! light ( ,platonic metaphysics4 ,8 int]pretations are (t5 viol5t1 b ! +5u\s artifice ( !m w\ld h delight$ 8 contempor>ies z mu* z himself1 & 0 adopt$ aft]w>d by all ! ,fa!rs & !ologians ( ! ,*ur*4 ,philo's !ology 0 ?us a success1 ev5 a model2 yet he fail$1 because ( ! inadequacy ( 8 religion4 ,:at int]e/1 :at relevance1 c\ld x h = any ,g5tile to he> ab\t ! deliv]ance ( ,israel out ( ,egypt or out ( ,babylon1 or ab\t circumcision & prescrib$ meats1 or ab\t ! sacrifices 9 ! ,temple8 ,:at *>m or cr$ibility c\ld he f9d 9 fur!r promises ( glori\s k+doms1 fl[+ ) milk & honey8 ,su* images might lat] appeal to ! imag9ation ( ,new ,engl& ,puritans & make a religion = !m3 b :at mean+ c\ld !y h to ! we>y ,pagan8 ,no d\bt ! ,jews c>ri$ ) !m an ideal ( righte\sness1 & prosp]ity2 b ! ,g5tile 0 sick ( h]oes & high prie/s & f\nd]s ( cities4 ,/oic virtues 7 z va9 9 8 eyes z ,syb>itic joys4 ,he did n wi% 8 passions to be flatt]$1 n ev5 8 pride or ! passion = a social ,utopia4 ,he wi%$ 8 passions to be mortifi$ & 8 s\l to be r$eem$4 ,he w\ld n look = a ,messiah1 unless he c\ld f9d him on a cross4 ,t is ! ess5ce ( ! matt]4 ,:at ov]came ! _w1 because x 0 :at ! _w desir$1 0 n a moral re=m--= t 0 prea*$ by e sect2 n an ascetic regim5--= t 0 practis$ by hea!n gymnosophi/s & ,pagan philosoph]s2 n bro!rly love )9 ! ,*ur*--= ! ,jews _h & h t at lea/ 9 equal measure2 b :at ov]came ! _w 0 :at ,sa9t ,paul said he w\ld always prea*3 ,*ri/ & him crucifi$4 ,!re9 0 a new poetry1 a new ideal1 a new ,god4 ,!re9 0 ! transcript ( ! real exp]i5ce ( humanity1 z m5 f\nd x 9 _! inmo/ s\ls & z !y 7 dimly aw>e ( x 9 univ]sal hi/ory4 ,! mov+ p[] 0 a fable--= :o /opp$ to "q :e!r its elem5ts 7 hi/orical1 if only its mean+ 7 pr(\nd & its inspiration contagi\s8 ,?is fable _h po9ts ( atta*m5t to real life 9 a visible bro!rhood & 9 an extant wor%ip1 z well z 9 ! religi\s pa/ ( a :ole p4 ,at ! same "t x c>ri$ ! imag9ation into a new sph]e2 x sanctifi$ ! pov]ty & sorr[ at :i* ,paganism _h %udd]$2 x awak5$ t5d]] emotions1 reveal$ m human objects ( adoration1 & furni%$ subtl] in/rum5ts ( grace4 ,x 0 a :ole _w ( poetry desc5d$ among m51 l ! angels at ! ,nativity1 d\bl+1 z x 71 _! habitation1 s t !y might move ?r\gh sup]natural realms 9 ! _s :ile !y walk$ ! e>? 9 ! fle%4 ,! consci\sness ( new loves1 new duties1 fre% consolations1 & lum9\s unutt]able hopes accompani$ !m :]ev] !y w5t4 ,!y /opp$ will+ly 9 ! mid/ ( _! bus9ess = recollection1 l m5 9 love2 !y s\ght to /imulate _! imag9ations1 to focus1 z x 71 ! long vi/as ( an invisible l&scape4 ,if ! importunity ( affairs or ( ill-subdu$ passions di/urb$ t dream1 !y c\ld /ill return to x at leisure 9 ! solitude ( "s %r9e or "u ! spell ( "s canticle or ( "s sacram5tal image2 & meantime !y c\ld keep _! fai? 9 res]ve z _! secret & _! res\rce4 ,! long] ! vision la/$ & ! /eadi] x became1 ! m closely1 ( c\rse1 0 x int]tw9$ ) daily acts & common affections2 & z real life gradually enri*$ t vision ) its sugge/ions1 s religion 9 turn gradually col\r$ common life ) its une>?ly light4 ,9 ! sa9t1 9 ! s\l t _h become already ! p]petual citiz5 ( t high] sph]e1 no?+ 9 ?is _w rema9$ )\t ref]5ce to ! o!r1 nor 0 any?+ done save = a sup]natural end4 ,?us ! r$emption 0 actually accompli%$ & ! s\l 0 lift$ above ! conditions ( ?is life1 s t dea? itself c\ld br+ b a slight & uness5tial *ange ( environm5t4 ,morbid z ?is species ( fai? may seem1 vision>y z x c]ta9ly 01 x is n to be confus$ ) an arbitr>y madness or ) p]sonal illusions4 ,two circum/ances rais$ ?is imag9ative piety to a high dignity & made x compatible ) great accompli%m5ts1 bo? 9 ?\ght & 9 action4 ,9 ! fir/ place ! religi\s _w con/itut$ a sy/em complete & consi/5t )9 itself4 ,!re 0 occasion )9 x = ! ex]cise ( reason1 = ! awak5+ & discipl9e ( emotion1 = ! ex]tion ( ef=t4 ,z music1 = all t x conta9s no?+ ( a mat]ial or practical nature1 (f]s a field = ! developm5t ( human faculty & pres5ts laws & conditions :i*1 )9 its sph]e1 mu/ be obey$ & :i* rew>d ob$i5ce ) ! ke5e/ & pure/ pleasures2 s a sup]natural religion1 :5 x is traditional & sy/ematic l ,*ri/ianity1 (f]s ano!r _w1 almo/ z va/ & solid z ! real "o1 9 :i* ! s\l may develop4 ,9 ent]+ x we d n ent] a sph]e ( arbitr>y dreams1 b a sph]e ( law :]e le>n+1 exp]i5ce1 & happ9ess may be ga9$4 ,!re is m me?od1 m reason1 9 su* madness ?an 9 ! sanity ( mo/ p4 ,! _w ( ! ,*ri/ian imag9ation 0 em95tly a field = moral exp]i5ce2 moral ideas 7 !re objectifi$ into sup]natural =ces1 & in/ead ( be+ obscur$ z 9 ! real _w by irrational accid5ts =m$ an intelligible cosmos1 va/1 massive1 & /eadfa/4 ,= ?is reason ! believ] 9 any adequate & mature sup]natural religion cl+s to x ) su* /range t5acity & reg>ds x z 8 highe/ h]itage1 :ile ! outsid]1 ^: imag9ation speaks ano!r language or is dumb altoge!r1 wond]s h[ s wild a fiction c take root 9 a reasonable m9d4 ,! o!r circum/ance t ennobl$ ! ,*ri/ian sy/em 0 t all its p>ts _h "s significance & poetic tru?1 al?\gh !y conta9$1 or ne$$ to conta91 no?+ empirically real4 ,! sy/em 0 a great poem :i*1 besides be+ well con/ruct$ 9 itself1 0 allegorical ( actual exp]i5ce1 & conta9$1 z 9 a hi]oglyph1 a v deep k ( ! _w & ( ! human m9d4 ,= :at 0 ! object t unfold$ itself be=e ! ,*ri/ian imag9ation1 ! vision t conv]t$ & reg5]at$ ! _w8 ,x 0 a picture ( human de/9y4 ,x 0 an epic1 conta9+1 z x 71 ! moral autobiography ( man4 ,! object ( ,pagan religion & philosophy _h be5 a picture ( ! mat]ial cosmos1 conceiv$ z a va/ animal & inhabit$ by a multitude ( individual spirits4 ,ev5 ! ,neo-,platoni/s ?\ght ( no?+ else1 mu* z !y might multiply ab/ract names = its pr9ciples & fancifully confuse !m ) ! sph]es4 ,x 0 always a va/1 liv+1 physical eng9e1 a cosmos ( life 9 :i* man _h a det]m9ate prov9ce4 ,8 _s1 los+ its p]sonality1 might be absorb$ into ! e!real elem5t f :i* x came2 b ?is emanation & absorption 0 itself an un*ang+ process1 ! sy/ole & dia/ole ( ! univ]sal he>t4 ,practical religion consi/$ 9 hon\r+ ! ne>e/ gods & accept+ f !m man's apportion$ goods1 n )\t look+1 p]haps1 ) a rev]5ce t ne$$ no ritual1 to ! envelop+ :ole t prescrib$ to gods & m5 _! respective functions4 ,?us ev5 ,neo-,platonism repres5t$ man z a m9or incid5t 9 ! univ]se1 sup]natural ?\gh t univ]se might be4 ,! spiritual sph]es 7 only ! invisible repetitions ( ! visible1 z ! ,platonic ideas f ! beg9n+ _h be5 only a dialectic r$uplication ( ! objects 9 ?is _w4 ,x 0 aga9/ ?is allotm5t t ! s\l 0 rebell+4 ,x 0 look+ = a deliv]ance t %\ld be n s mu* ! consci\sness ( some?+ high] z ! hope ( some?+ bett]4 ,n[1 ! great *>act]i/ic ( ,*ri/ianity1 inh]it$ f ,judaism1 0 t its s*eme 0 hi/orical4 ,n exi/5ces b ev5ts 7 ! subject ( its prim>y int]e/4 ,x pres5t$ a /ory1 n a cosmology4 ,x 0 an epic 9 :i* !re 01 ( c\rse1 sup]human ma*9]y1 b ( :i* ! subject 0 man1 &1 notable circum/ance1 ! ,h]o 0 a man z well4 ,l ,buddhism1 x gave ! highe/ hon\r to a man :o c\ld lead 8 fell[-m5 to p]fection4 ,:at _h previ\sly be5 ! div9e reality--! eng9e ( ,nature--n[ became a tempor>y /age1 built = ! exig5cies ( a human drama4 ,:at _h be5 be=e a detail ( ! edifice--! life ( man--n[ became ! argum5t & purpose ( ! :ole creation4 ,notable trans=mation1 on :i* ! philosoph] _c m$itate too mu*4 ,0 ,*ri/ianity "r 9 say+ t ! _w 0 made = man8 ,0 ! acc\nt x adopt$ ( ! me?od & causes ( ,creation conceivably correct8 ,0 ! g>d5 ( ,ed5 a hi/orical reality1 & 7 ! ,hebrew prophecies ann\ncem5ts ( ! adv5t ( ,jesus ,*ri/8 ,did ! deluge come because ( man's wick$ness1 & w ! la/ day co9cide ) ! dramatic d5\em5t ( ! ,*ur*'s hi/ory8 ,9 o!r words1 is ! spiritual exp]i5ce ( man ! explanation ( ! univ]se8 ,c]ta9ly n1 if we are ?9k+ ( a sci5tific1 n ( a poetical explanation4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 man is a product ( laws :i* mu/ also de/roy him1 & :i*1 z ,sp9oza w\ld say1 inf9itely exce$ him 9 _! scope & p[]4 ,8 welf>e is indiff]5t to ! />s1 b dep5d5t on !m4 ,& yet t c\nt]-,cop]nican revolution accompli%$ by ,*ri/ianity--a revolution :i* ,kant %\ld h>dly h attribut$ to himself--:i* put man 9 ! c5tre ( ! univ]se & made ! />s circle ab\t him1 mu/ h "s k9d ( ju/ification4 ,& inde$ its ju/ification 7if we may be s brief on s great a subject7 is t :at is false 9 ! sci5ce ( facts may be true 9 ! sci5ce ( values4 ,:ile ! exi/5ce ( ?+s mu/ be und]/ood by ref]r+ !m to _! causes1 :i* are me*anical1 _! functions c only be expla9$ by :at is int]e/+ 9 _! results1 9 o!r words1 by _! relation to human nature & to human happ9ess4 ,! ,*ri/ian drama 0 a magnific5t poetic r5d]+ ( ?is side ( ! matt]1 a side :i* ,socrates _h envisag$ by 8 admirable me?od1 b :i* n[ flood$ ! consci\sness ( mank9d ) torr5tial emotions4 ,*ri/ianity 0 born "u an eclipse1 :5 ! light ( ,nature 0 obscur$2 b ! /> t int]cept$ t light 0 itself lum9\s1 & %$ on succe$+ ages a moonlike radiance1 pal] & sadd] ?an ! o!r1 b no less div9e1 & m]it+ no less to be et]nal4 ,man n[ /udi$ 8 own de/9y1 z he _h be=e /udi$ ! sky1 & ! woods1 & ! sunny dep?s ( wat]2 & z ! e>li] /udy produc$ 9 8 s\l--anima naturalit] poeta--! images ( ,zeus1 ,pan1 & ,n]eus1 s ! lat] /udy produc$ ! images ( ,jesus & ( ,m>y1 ( ,heav5 & ,hell1 ( miracles & sacram5ts4 ,! obs]vation 0 no less exact1 ! translation into poetic images no less wond]ful "h ?an !re4 ,to trace ! endless transfiguration1 ) all its unconsci\s +5uity & h>mony1 might be ! !me ( a fasc9at+ sci5ce4 ,let n ! read] fancy t 9 ,*ri/ianity ev]y?+ 0 settl$ by records & traditions4 ,! idea ( ,*ri/ himself _h to be con/ruct$ by ! imag9ation 9 response to moral dem&s1 tradition giv+ only ! b>e/ ext]nal po9ts ( atta*m5t4 ,! facts 7 no?+ until !y became symbols2 & no?+ c\ld turn !m into symbols except an eag] imag9ation on ! wat* = all t might embody its dreams4 ,! crucifixion1 = example1 w\ld rema9 a tragic incid5t )\t fur!r significance1 if we reg>d x m]ely z a hi/orical fact2 to make x a religi\s my/]y1 an idea capable ( conv]t+ ! _w1 ! moral imag9ation mu/ trans=m x into some?+ t happ5s = ! sake ( ! s\l1 s t ea* believ] may say to himself t ,*ri/ s suff]$ = ! love ( him4 ,& su* a ?\ght is surely ! objectification ( an inn] impulse2 ! idea ( ,*ri/ becomes some?+ spiritual1 some?+ poetical4 ,:at lit]al mean+ c\ld !re be 9 say+ t "o man or "o ,god di$ = ! sake ( ea* & e o!r individual8 ,by :at effective causal pr9ciple c\ld _! salvation be ?\ght to necessitate 8 dea?1 or 8 dea? to make possible _! salvation8 ,by an ,greek3 u/]on prot]on natural to ! imag9ation2 = 9 tru? ! matt] is rev]s$4 ,*ri/'s dea? is a symbol ( human life4 ,m5 c\ld believe 9 8 dea?1 because x 0 a figure & premonition ( ! burd5 ( _! exp]i5ce4 ,t is :y1 :5 "s ,apo/le told !m ! /ory1 !y c\ld say to him3 ,sir1 ,i p]ceive t ?\ art a prophet3 ?\ ha/ told me all ?+s :atsoev] ,i h felt4 ,?us ! c5tral fact ( all ,*ri/'s hi/ory1 n>rat$ by e ,evangeli/1 c\ld /ill be no?+ b a pa9ful incid5t1 z uness5tial to ! ,*ri/ian religion z ! dea? ( ,socrates to ! ,socratic philosophy1 7 x n trans=m$ by ! imag9ation ( ! believ] into ! c\nt]p>t ( 8 own moral ne$4 ,!n1 by ceas+ to be view$ z a hi/orical fact1 ! dea? ( ,*ri/ becomes a religi\s inspiration4 ,! :ole ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e is ?us religi\s & efficaci\s only :5 x becomes poetry1 because only !n is x ! felt c\nt]p>t ( p]sonal exp]i5ce & a g5u9e expansion ( human life4 ,take1 z ano!r example1 ! doctr9e ( et]nal rew>ds & puni%m5ts4 ,_m p]plex$ ,*ri/ians ( our day try to reconcile ?is spirit$ fable ) _! mod]n horror ( physical suff]+ & _! dete/ation ( cruelty2 & x mu/ be admitt$ t ! image ( m5 suff]+ un5d+ tortures 9 retribution = a few ignorant & suffici5tly wret*$ s9s is1 ev5 z poetry1 some:at repell5t4 ,! idea ( torm5ts & v5geance is happily becom+ ali5 to our society & is !re=e n a natural vehicle = our religion4 ,"s accord+ly reject altoge!r ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e on ?is po9t1 :i* is too /rong = _! n]ves4 ,_! objection1 ( c\rse1 is n simply t !re is no evid5ce ( its tru?4 ,if !y ask$ = evid5ce1 w\ld !y believe any?+8 ,pro(s are ! la/ ?+ look$ = by a truly religi\s m9d :i* feels ! imag9ative fitness ( its fai? & kn[s in/9ctively t1 9 su* a matt]1 imag9ative fitness is all t c be requir$4 ,! reason m5 reject ! doctr9e ( et]nal puni%m5t is t !y f9d x di/a/eful or unmean+4 ,!y %[1 by ! nature ( _! objections1 t !y ackn[l$ge poetic propriety or moral tru? to be ! sole crit]ion ( religi\s cr$ibility4 ,b1 pass+ ov] ! *ange ( s5tim5t :i* gives rise to ?is *ange ( doctr9e1 let u inquire ( :at reality ,*ri/ian es*atology 0 ! imag9ative r5d]+4 ,:at 0 x 9 ! actual life ( m5 t made !m ?9k ( !mselves z hang+ betwe5 et]nal bliss & et]nal p]dition8 ,0 x n ! div]sity1 ! mom5t\sness1 & ! f9ality ( _! exp]i5ce "h8 ,no d\bt ! desire to make ! rev]sal ( ! inju/ices ( ?is _w z melodramatic & picturesque z possible contribut$ to ! adoption ( ?is idea2 ! ideal values ( life 7 ?us contra/$ ) its app>5t values 9 ! mo/ absolute & graphic mann]4 ,b we may say t b5ea? ?is motive1 bas$ on ! exig5ces ( exposition & edification1 !re 0 a deep] intuition4 ,!re 0 ! g5u9e morali/'s sympa?y ) a philosophic & logical view ( immortality r ?an ) a sup]/iti\s & s5tim5tal "o4 ,ano!r life exi/s & is inf9itely m important ?an ?is life2 b x is rea*$ by ! intuition ( ideals1 n by ! multiplication ( ph5om5a2 x is an et]nal /ate n an indef9ite succession ( *anges4 ,transitory life ends = ! ,*ri/ian :5 ! balance-%eet ( 8 individual m]its & dem]its is made up1 & ! et]nity t ensues is ! et]nal reality ( ^? values4 ,= ! ,ori5tal1 :o believ$ 9 transmigration1 ! individual dissolv$ into an inf9ity ( phases2 he w5t on actually & p]petually1 z ,nature does2 8 immortality 0 a long ,purgatory beh9d :i* a %ad[y ,hell & ,heav5 sc>cely appe>$ 9 ! =m ( annihilation or absorption4 ,?is happ5$ because ! ,ori5tal m9d has no middle2 x oscillates betwe5 extremes & passes directly f s5se to my/icism1 & back aga92 x lacks virile und]/&+ & intellig5ce creative ( =m4 ,b ,*ri/ianity1 foll[+ 9 ?is ! ,socratic philosophy1 rose to ! conception ( et]nal ess5ces1 =ms susp5d$ above ! flux ( natural ?+s & express+ ! ideal sugge/ions & rational goals ( exp]i5ce4 ,ea* man1 = ,*ri/ianity1 has an immortal s\l2 ea* life has ! pot5tiality ( an et]nal mean+1 & z ?is pot5tiality is or is n actualiz$1 z ?is mean+ is or is n express$ 9 ! ph5om5a ( ?is life1 ! s\l is et]nally sav$ or lo/4 ,z ! tree falle?1 s x lie?4 ,! f9ality ( ?is brief & p]sonal exp]im5t1 ! consequ5t awful solemnity ( ! h\r ( dea? :5 all trial is ov] & :5 ! et]nal s5t5ce is pass$1 has always be5 duly felt by ! ,*ri/ian4 ,! ,*ur*1 inde$1 9 answ] to ! dem& = a m ref9$ & discrim9at+ pres5tation ( its dogma1 introduc$ ! tempor>y discipl9e ( ,purgatory1 9 :i* ! virtues already /amp$ on ! s\l might be br\ght to great] cle>ness & rid ( ! alloy ( imp]fection2 b ?is purification all[$ no ess5tial developm5t1 no *ange ( "* or fate2 ! s\l 9 ,purgatory 0 already sav$1 already holy4 ,! h>%ness ( ! doctr9e ( et]nal judgm5t is !re=e a consequ5ce ( its symbolic tru?4 ,! ,*ur* might h be5 less absolute 9 ! matt] _h %e yield$ m1 z %e did 9 ! doctr9e ( ,purgatory1 to ! desire = m]ely imag9>y ext5sions ( human exp]i5ce4 ,b h] bett] in/9cts kept h]1 aft] all1 to ! moral int]pretation ( reality2 & ! facts to be r5d]$ 7 uncompromis+ en\gh4 ,art is long1 life brief4 ,to h told m5 !y w\ld h inf9ite opportunities to re=m & to advance w\ld h be5 to fe$ !m on gratuit\s fictions )\t rais+ !m1 z x 0 ! function ( ,*ri/ianity to d1 to a consci\sness ( ! spiritual mean+ & up%ot ( exi/5ce4 ,to h speculat$ ab\t ! inf9ite ext5t ( exp]i5ce & its endless trans=mations1 aft] ! mann] ( ! b>b>\s religions1 & nev] to h conceiv$ its moral ess5ce1 w\ld h be5 to enc\rage a dream :i* may by *ance be prophetic1 b :i* is z devoid ( ideal mean+ z ( empirical probability4 ,*ri/ian fictions 7 at lea/ significant2 !y beguil$ ! intellect1 no d\bt1 & 7 mi/ak5 = acc\nts ( ext]nal fact2 b !y enlight5$ ! imag9ation2 !y made man und]/&1 z nev] be=e or s9ce1 ! pa?os & nobility ( 8 life1 ! necessity ( discipl9e1 ! possibility ( sanctity1 ! transc5d5ce & ! humanity ( ! div9e4 ,= ! div9e 0 rea*$ by ! idealization ( ! human4 ,! sup]natural 0 an allegory ( ! natural1 & r5d]$ ! values ( transitory ?+s "u ! image ( et]nal exi/5ces4 ,?us ! f9ality ( our activity 9 ?is _w1 toge!r ) ! et]nity ( its ideal mean+s1 0 admirably r5d]$ by ! ,*ri/ian dogma ( a f9al judgm5t4 ,b !re 0 ano!r moral tru? :i* 0 impress$ ^u ! believ] by t doctr9e & :i* c\ld n be en=c$ 9 any o!r way )\t presuppos+ 9 him an unusual philosophic acum5 & elevation ( m9d4 ,t is ! tru? t moral di/9ctions are absolute4 ,a cool philosophy suffices to %[ u t moral di/9ctions exi/1 s9ce m5 pref] "s exp]i5ces to o!rs & c by _! action br+ ^! good & evil exp]i5ces ^u !mselves & ^u _! fell[s4 ,b a survey ( ,nature may at ! same "t impress u ) ! fact t ^! goods & evils are s+ul>ly mix$1 t !re is h>dly an advantage ga9$ :i* is n b\ght by "s loss1 or any loss :i* is n an opportunity = ! atta9m5t ( "s advantage4 ,:ile x w\ld be *im]ical to pret5d t su* comp5sation 0 always adequate1 & t1 9 consequ5ce1 no "o condition 0 ev] really pref]able to any o!r1 yet ! p]plexities into :i* moral aspiration is ?r[n by ^! contradictory vi/as is (t5 productive ( ! desire to rea* "s o!r po9t ( view1 to escape into :at is irrationally ?\ght to be a high] category ?an ! moral4 ,! s]i\s consid]ation ( ^? ?+s :i* are "r accord+ to human reason & int]e/ may !n yield to a fanatical reliance on "s facile g5]al notion4 ,x may be ?\ght1 = in/ance1 t :at is regul> or necess>y or univ]sal is !re=e "r & good2 ?us a daz$ contemplation ( ! actual may take ! place ( ! det]m9ation ( ! ideal4 ,my/icism 9 reg>d to ! bett] & ! worse1 by :i* good & bad are wov5 into a seamless g>m5t ( sorry magnific5ce 9 :i* ! :ole univ]se is wrapp$ up1 is l my/icism on o!r subjects2 x consi/s 9 ! !oretic r5unciation ( a natural attitude1 9 ?is case ( ! natural attitude ( welcome & repulsion 9 ! pres5ce ( v>i\s ?+s4 ,b ?is category is ! mo/ fundam5tal ( all ^? t ! human m9d employs1 & x _c be surr5d]$ s long z life endures4 ,x is inde$ ! consci\s e*o ( ^? vital in/9cts by ^: op]ation we exi/4 ,levity & my/icism may d all !y c--& !y c d mu*--to make m5 ?9k moral di/9ctions unau?oritative1 because moral di/9ctions may be ei!r ignor$ or transc5d$4 ,yet ! ess5tial ass]tion t "o ?+ is really bett] ?an ano!r rema9s involv$ 9 e act ( e liv+ be+4 ,x is involv$ ev5 9 ! op]ation ( ab/ract ?9k+1 :]e a cog5t conclusion1 be+ /ill covet$1 is assum$ to be a good1 or 9 t /hetic & !oretic en?usiasm be=e cosmic laws1 :i* is ! human f\ndation ( ?is my/icism itself4 ,x is accord+ly a moral tru? :i* no subt]fuge c elude1 t "s ?+s are really bett] ?an o!rs4 ,9 ! daily c\rse ( affairs we are con/antly 9 ! pres5ce ( ev5ts :i* by turn+ out "o way or ! o!r produce a real1 an irrevocable1 increase ( good or evil 9 ! _w4 ,! complexities ( life1 /ruggl+ z x does amid/ irrational =ces1 may make ! atta9m5t ( "o good ! cause ( ! unatta9abl5ess ( ano!r2 !y _c de/roy ! ess5tial desirability ( bo?4 ,! nigg>dl9ess ( ,nature _c /]ilize ! ideal2 ! odi\s circum/ances :i* make ! atta9m5t ( _m goods conditional on ! p]petration ( "s evil1 & :i* puni% e virtue by "s incapacity or "s abuse1--^! odi\s circum/ances _c rob any good ( its natural sweetness1 nor all goods toge!r ( _! conceptual h>mony4 ,to ! he>t t has felt x & t is ! true judge1 e loss is irretrievable & e joy inde/ructible4 ,ev5tual comp5sations may oblit]ate ! memory ( ^! values b _c de/roy _! reality4 ,! future c only furni% fur!r applications ( ! pr9ciple by :i* !y arose & 7 ju/ifi$4 ,n[1 h[ utt] ?is moral tru? imag9atively1 h[ clo! x 9 an image t might r5d] its absolut5ess & its =ce8 ,c\ld any me?od be bett] ?an to say3 ,y\r et]nal de/9y is hang+ 9 ! balance3 ! grace ( ,god1 ! influ5ces ( o!rs1 & y\r own w react+ ^u bo? are %ap+ at e mom5t issues ( absolute importance4 ,:at happ5s "h & n[ decides n m]ely incid5tal pa9s & pleasures--:i* p]haps a brave & c>eless _s might alike despise--b helps to det]m9e y\r et]nal de/9y ( joy or angui%1 & ! et]nal de/9y ( y\r neighb\r4 ,9 place ( ! confus$ vi/as ( ! empirical _w1 9 :i* ! ?reads ( b5efit & injury might seem to be m+l$ & lo/1 ! imag9ation sub/itut$ ! cle> vision ( ,hell & ,heav52 :ile ! det]m9ation ( our de/9y 0 made to dep5d ^u ob$i5ce to recogniz$ duties4 ,n[ ^! duties may (t5 h be5 f> f correspond+ to ^? :i* reason w\ld impose2 b ! int5tion & ! pr9ciple at lea/ 7 s\nd4 ,x 0 felt t ! actions & passions ( ?is _w bre$ mom5t\s values1 values :i* be+ ideal are z inf9ite z values c be 9 ! e/imation ( reason--! values ( tru?1 ( love1 ( rationality1 ( p]fection--al?\gh bo? ! l5g? ( ! exp]i5ce 9 :i* !y arise & ! numb] ( p]sons :o %>e t exp]i5ce may be extremely limit$4 ,b ! me*anical measure ( exp]i5ce 9 l5g?1 int5sity1 or multiplication has no?+ to d ) its moral significance 9 realiz+ tru? or virtue4 ,!re=e ! diff]5ce 9 dignity betwe5 ! satisfactions ( reason & ! satisfactions ( s5se is fitt+ly r5d]$ by ! inf9ite disproportion betwe5 heav5ly & e>?ly joys4 ,9 our imag9ative translation we are ju/ifi$ 9 say+ t ! alt]native betwe5 inf9ite happ9ess & inf9ite mis]y is yawn+ be=e u1 because ! alt]native betwe5 rational failure or success is actually pres5t4 ,! decisions we make f mom5t to mom5t1 on :i* ! ideal value ( our life & "* dep5ds1 actually con/itute 9 a few ye>s a decision :i* is irrevocable4 ,! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( rew>ds & puni%m5ts is ?us 9 h>mony ) moral tru?s :i* a diff]5t doctr9e might h obscur$4 ,! good s\ls t wi% to fancy t ev]ybody w be ultimately sav$1 subject a fable to /&>ds appropriate to matt]s ( fact1 & !reby deprive ! fable ( t moral significance :i* is its excuse = be+4 ,if e "o is ultimately sav$1 !re is no?+ truly mom5t\s ab\t alt]native ev5ts3 all pa?s lead m or less circuit\sly to ! same end4 ,! only gr\nd :i* !n rema9s = discrim9at+ ! bett] f ! worse is ! pleasantness or unpleasantness ( ! pa? to salvation4 ,all moral mean+s inh]e1 !n1 9 ?is life1 & ! o!r life is )\t significance4 ,heav5 comes to replace life empirically )\t fulfill+ x ideally4 ,we are r$uc$ = our moral /&>ds to ph5om5al values1 to ! wor? ( life 9 transitory feel+4 ,^! values are q real1 b !y are n ^? :i* poetry & religion h = _! object4 ,!y are values pres5t to s5se1 n to reason & imag9ation4 ,! ideal ( a sup]v5+ g5]al bliss pres5ts inde$ an ab/ract desid]atum1 b n ! ideal involv$ 9 ! actual =ces ( life2 t end w\ld h no rational relation to its prim>y factors2 x w\ld n be built on our in/9ctive pref]5ces b w\ld aboli% !m by a miracul\s dream1 foll[+ alike ^u e species ( activity4 ,moral diff]5ces w\ld h exi/$ m]ely to be =gott52 = if we say !y 7 rememb]$1 b transc5d$ & put to re/1 we plunge into an ev5 worse contradiction to ! consci5ce & ! w4 ,= if we say t ! univ]sal bliss consi/s 9 ! assurance1 my/ically receiv$1 t :ile individual exp]i5ces may diff] 9 value !y all equally conduce to ! p]fection ( ! univ]se1 we d5y n m]ely ! mom5t\sness b ev5 ! elem5t>y validity ( moral di/9ctions4 ,we ass]t t ! be/ idea ( ,god is t lea/ l ! ideal ( man1 & t ! ne>] we come to ! vision ( tru? ! f>!r we are f ! feel+ ( pref]5ce4 ,9 our attempt to ext5d ! good we ?us aboli% its ess5ce4 ,our religion consi/s 9 d5y+ ! au?ority ( ! ideal1 :i* is its only rational f\ndation2 & ?us t religion1 :ile ga9+ no?+ 9 empirical reality1 comes to express a moral falsehood in/ead ( a moral tru?4 ,if we look$ 9 religion = an acc\nt ( facts1 z mo/ p d1 we %\ld h to pass a v diff]5t judgm5t on ^! sev]al views4 ,! me*anical _w is a connect$ sy/em & ,nature seems to be dynamically "o2 ! intuitions on :i* my/icism fe$s are !re=e true intuitions4 ,! expectation ( a mill5nium is on ! o!r h& q vision>y1 because ! evid5ce ( hi/ory1 :ile x %[s und5iable progress 9 _m directions1 %[s t ?is progress is ess5tially relative1 p>tial1 & transitory4 ,z = ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ! judgm5t1 x is some?+ :olly out ( relation to empirical facts1 x assumes ! exi/5ce ( a sup]natural sph]e1 & is beyond ! rea* ( sci5tific evid5ce ( any k9d4 ,b if we look on religion z on a k9d ( poetry1 z we h decid$ "h to d1--z on a k9d ( poetry t expresses moral values & reacts b5efic5tly ^u life1--we %all see t ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e is alone ju/ifi$4 ,= my/icism is n an imag9ative con/ruction at all b a r5unciation or confusion ( our faculties2 "h a surr5d] ( ! human ideal 9 ! pres5ce ( a me*anical =ce t is felt1 & correctly felt1 to t5d to vagu] results or r to t5d to no?+ 9 p>ticul>4 ,my/icism is n a religion b a religi\s disease4 ,! idea ( univ]sal salvation1 on ! o!r h&1 is ! expression ( a feeble s5tim5tality1 a pleasant rev]ie )\t /ructure or significance4 ,b ! doctr9e ( et]nal rew>ds & puni%m5ts is1 z we h tri$ to %[1 an expression ( moral tru?1 a poetic r5d]+ ( ! fact t rational values are ideal1 mom5t\s1 & irrev]sible4 ,x w\ld be easy to multiply examples & to exhibit ! v>i\s p>ts ( ,*ri/ianity z s _m int]pretations ( human life 9 its ideal aspects4 ,b we are n attempt+ to n>rate facts s mu* z to advance an idea1 & ! illu/rations giv5 w p]haps suffice to make our conception intelligible4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a possible misund]/&+ :i* we %\ld be c>eful to avoid 9 ?is dang]\s field ( philosophic int]pretation4 ,9 say+ t a giv5 religion 0 ! poetic trans=mation ( an exp]i5ce1 we mu/ n imag9e t x 0 ?\ght to be su*--= x is evid5t t e s9c]e ,*ri/ian believ$ 9 ! lit]al & empirical reality ( all t ! ,*ri/ian epic conta9$4 ,nor %\ld we imag9e t philosophic ideas1 or g5]al reflections on life1 7 ! orig9 ( religion1 & t aft]w>d c]ta9 useful my?s1 kn[n to be su* by _! au?ors1 7 mi/ak5 = hi/ory & = lit]al prophecy4 ,t sometimes happ5s1 :5 hi/orians1 poets1 or philosoph]s are turn$ by ! un9tellig5t v5]ation ( po/]ity into religi\s prophets4 ,su* 0 ! fate ( ,plato1 = in/ance1 or ( ! writ] ( ! ,song ( ,solomon2 b #aaj great & liv+ religion 0 ev] f\nd$ 9 t way4 ,_h ,*ri/ianity or any o!r religion _h its basis 9 lit]>y or philosophical allegories1 x w\ld nev] h become a religion1 because ! poetry ( x w\ld nev] h be5 int]wov5 ) ! figures & ev5ts ( real life4 ,no tomb1 no relic1 no mat]ial miracle1 no p]sonal d]ivation ( au?ority1 w\ld h exi/$ to s]ve z ! nucleus ( devotion & ! po9t ( junction betwe5 ?is _w & ! o!r4 ,! orig9 ( ,*ri/ian dogma lay 9 hi/oric facts & 9 doctr9es lit]ally meant by _! au?ors4 ,x is "o ( ! greate/ possible illusions 9 ^! matt]s to fancy t ! mean+ :i* we see 9 p>ables & my/]ies 0 ! mean+ !y _h 9 ! beg9n+1 b :i* lat] mis9t]pretation _h obscur$4 ,on ! contr>y--z a glance at any incipi5t religi\s movem5t n[ go+ on w %[ u--! au?ors ( doctr9es1 h[ev] obvi\s x may be to e "o else t ^! doctr9es h only a figurative validity1 are ! fir/ dupes to _! own intuitions4 ,?is is no less true ( metaphysical !ories ?an ( spontane\s sup]/itions3 did _! promulgator und]/& ! "* ( _! ju/ification he w\ld give himself out = a simple poet1 appeal only to cultivat$ m9ds1 & nev] turn 8 en]gies to /imulat+ private delusions1 n to speak ( public fanaticisms4 ,! be/ philosoph]s seldom p]ceive ! poetic m]it ( _! sy/ems4 ,s among ! anci5ts x 0 n an ab/ract obs]vation ( ,nature1 ) consci\s allegory sup]v5+1 t 0 ! orig9 ( my?ology1 b ! int]pretation 0 spontane\s1 ! illusion 0 radical1 a consci\sness ( ! god's pres5ce 0 ! fir/ impression produc$ by ! ph5om5on4 ,else1 9 ?is case too1 poetry w\ld nev] h become sup]/ition2 :at made x sup]/ition 0 ! initial incapacity 9 p to discrim9ate ! objects ( imag9ation f ^? ( ! und]/&+4 ,! fancy ?us atta*$ its images1 )\t di/+ui%+ _! ideal locus1 to ! visible _w1 & m5 became sup]/iti\s n because !y _h too mu* imag9ation1 b because !y 7 n aw>e t !y _h any4 ,9 :at s5se1 !n1 are we ju/ifi$ 9 say+ t religion expresses moral ideals8 ,9 ! s5se t moral significance1 :ile n ! s\rce ( religions1 is ! crit]ion ( _! value & ! reason :y !y may des]ve to endure4 ,f> z ! conception ( an allegory may be f ! m9ds ( prophets1 yet ! prophecy c only take root 9 ! popul> imag9ation if x recomm5ds itself to "s human int]e/4 ,!re mu/ be "s correspond5ce betwe5 ! doctr9e ann\nc$ or ! hopes set =?1 & ! natural dem&s ( ! human _s4 ,o!rwise1 al?\gh ! new fai? might be prea*$1 x w\ld n be accept$4 ,! significance ( religi\s doctr9es has !re=e be5 ! condition ( _! spread1 _! ma9t5ance1 & _! developm5t1 al?\gh n ! condition ( _! orig94 ,9 ,d>w9ian language1 moral significance has be5 a spontane\s v>iation ( sup]/ition1 & ?is v>iation has insur$ its survival z a religion4 ,= religion diff]s f sup]/ition n psy*ologically b morally1 n 9 its orig9 b 9 its wor?4 ,?is wor?1 :5 actually felt & appreciat$1 becomes ( c\rse a dynamic factor & contributes l o!r psy*ological elem5ts to ! evolution ( ev5ts2 b be+ a logical h>mony1 a rational beauty1 ?is wor? is only appreciable by a few m9ds1 & ^? ! lea/ primitive & ! lea/ capable ( guid+ popul> movem5ts4 ,reason is p[]less to f\nd religions1 al?\gh x is alone compet5t to judge !m4 ,good religions are !re=e ! product ( unconsci\s rationality1 ( imag9ative impulses =tunately moral4 ,p>ticul>ly does ?is appe> 9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,e %ade ( h]esy1 e k9d ( mixture ( ,*ri/ian & o!r elem5ts 0 tri$ & f\nd advocates2 b aft] a great] or less success !y all disappe>$1 leav+ only ! ,*ur* /&+4 ,= ! ,*ur* _h kn[n h[ to comb9e ^? dogmas & practices 9 :i* ! imag9ation ( ! "t1 & to a great ext5t ( all times1 might f9d fitt+ expression4 ,imag9ative significance 0 ! t\*/one ( or?odoxy2 tradition itself 0 te/$ by ?is /&>d4 ,by ?is /&>d ! canon ( ,scripture 0 fix$1 s z nei!r to exclude ! ,old ,te/am5t1 :i* ! pure metaphysicians w\ld h reject$1 nor to accept e gospel t circulat$ "u ! "n ( an apo/le1 & :i* might please a wond]-lov+ & detail-lov+ piety4 ,by ! same crit]ion ! ritual 0 compos$1 ! dogma develop$1 ! nature ( ,*ri/ def9$1 ! sacram5ts & discipl9e ( ! ,*ur* regulat$4 ,! result 0 a compreh5sive sy/em :]e1 "u ! %ad[ ( a great epic1 :i* exp&$ & int]pret$ ! hi/ory ( mank9d f ! ,creation to ! ,day ( ,doom1 a place 0 f\nd = z _m religi\s in/9cts & z _m religi\s traditions z possible2 :ile at ! same "t ! dialectic pr(ici5cy ( an age t inh]it$ ! discipl9e ( ,greek philosophy1 introduc$ into ! sy/em a great consi/5cy & a great metaphysical subtlety4 ,"t mell[$ & exp&$ ^! dogmas1 br++ !m into relation ) ! ne$s ( a multi=m piety2 a ju/ification 0 f\nd bo? = asceticism & = a virtu\s naturalism1 bo? = contemplation & = action2 & ?us x became possible = ! ,*ur* to ins9uate h] sanctions & h] _s into ! motives ( m51 & to embody ! religion ( _m nations dur+ _m ages4 ,! ,*ur*'s successes1 h[ev]1 7 n all legitimate2 !y 7 n ev]y:]e due to a real correspond5ce betwe5 h] =ms & ! ideal life ( m54 ,x 0 only ! inhabitants ( ! ,grco-,roman _w t 7 q prep>$ to und]/& h]4 ,:5 ! sword1 or ! au?ority ( a high] worldly civilization1 c>ri$ h] influ5ce beyond ! bord]s ( ! ,roman ,empire we may obs]ve t h] au?ority seldom prov$ /able4 ,%e 0 felt1 by ^? peoples ^: imag9ative traditions & ^: moral exp]i5ce %e did n express1 to be some?+ ali5 & artificial4 ,! ,teutonic races f9ally ?rew (f :at !y felt to be h] yoke4 ,if !y recon/ruct$ _! religion out ( elem5ts :i* %e _h furni%$1 t 0 only because religion is b\nd to be traditional1 & !y _h be5 ,*ri/ians = _m hundr$ ye>s4 ,a :olly new philosophy or poetry c\ld n h tak5 imm$iate root 9 _! m9ds2 ev5 ! philosophy :i* ,g]many has s9ce produc$1 :5 ! national _s 0 rea*+1 s to speak1 its majority1 h>dly seems able to con/itute an indep5d5t religion1 b takes %elt] "u "s =m ( ,*ri/ianity1 h[ev] mu* ! _s ( t religion may be trans=m$4 ,at fir/1 inde$1 ! new movem5t took ! ,bible = its />t+-po9t4 ,s het]og5e\s a book1 :i* 0 already habitually int]pret$ 9 s _m fanciful ways1 0 inde$ an admirable basis = ! imag9ation to build ^u4 ,! self-reliant & dreamy ,teuton c\ld sp9 out ( ! ,biblical *ronicles & rhapsodies convictions aft] 8 own he>t2 :ile 8 fix$ p]suasion t ! ,bible 0 ! ^w ( ,god1 0 /r5g!n$ 7n illegitimately7 by 8 ability to make x express 8 own moral ideals4 ,! int5sity ( 8 religion 0 proportionate to ! degree 9 :i* he _h made x ! imag9ative r5d]+ ( 8 own "*4 ,prote/antism 9 its vital elem5ts 0 ?us a p]fectly new1 a p]fectly spontane\s religion4 ,! illusion t x 0 a return to primitive ,*ri/ianity 0 useful = controv]sial purposes & help$ to ju/ify ! iconocla/ic passions ( ! "t2 b ?is illusion did n t\* ! true ess5ce ( ,prote/antism1 nor ! secret ( its legitimacy & p[] z a religion4 ,?is 0 its new embodim5t ( human ideals 9 imag9ative =ms1 :]eby ^? ideals became explicit & f\nd a rem>kable expression 9 action4 ,^! ideals 7 q ,teutonic & look$ to inn] spontaneity & outw>d prosp]ity2 !y 7 m alli$ to ^? ( ! ,hebrews ?an to ^? ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians1 ^: religion 0 all miracles1 asceticism1 & )drawal f ! _w4 ,inde$ we may say t ! typical ,prote/ant 0 himself 8 own *ur* & made ! selection & int]pretation ( tradition accord+ to ! dem&s ( 8 p]sonal _s4 ,:at ! ,fa!rs did = ! ,*ur* 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 ! ,re=m]s did = !mselves 9 ! sixte5?1 & h cont9u$ to d on ! occasion ( _! v>i\s appe>ances4 ,if we judge ?is int]pretation by poetic /&>ds1 we _c resi/ ! conclusion t ! old v]sion 0 inf9itely sup]ior4 ,! ,prote/ant1 ) 8 p]sonal res\rces1 0 r$uc$ to mak+ grotesquely & p>tially t translation ( moral life :i* ! ,fa!rs _h made compreh5sively & beautifully1 inspir$ z !y 7 by all ! exp]i5ce ( antiquity & all ! hopes ( y\?ful ,*ri/5dom4 ,nev]!less1 ,prote/antism has ! unmi/akable "* ( a g5u9e religion1 a "* :i* tradition passively accept$ & dogma1 reg>d$ z s mu* ext]nal tru?1 may easily lose2 x is 9 correspond5ce ) ! actual ideals & in/9cts ( ! believ]2 x is ! self-ass]tion ( a liv+ s\l4 ,its meagr5ess & ecc5tricity are simply evid5ces ( its p]sonal basis4 ,x is 9 full h>mony ) ! practical impulses x comes to sanction1 & accord+ly x ga9s 9 effici5cy all t x loses 9 dignity & tru?4 ,! pr9ciple by :i* ! ,*ri/ian sy/em _h develop$1 al?\gh reappli$ by ! ,prote/ants to _! own inn] life1 0 n und]/ood by !m 9 its hi/orical applications4 ,!y _h little sympa?y ) ! spiritual ne$s & habits ( t ,pagan society 9 :i* ,*ri/ianity _h gr[n up4 ,t society _h f\nd 9 ,*ri/ianity a sort ( la/ love1 a rejuv5at+ sup]s5sible hope1 & _h bequea!d to ! ,gospel ( ,r$emption1 = its bett] embodim5t & ornam5t1 all its own weal? ( art1 philosophy1 & devotion4 ,?is embodim5t ( ,*ri/ianity repres5t$ a civilization ?r\gh :i* ! ,teutonic races _h n pass$ & :i* !y nev] c\ld h produc$2 x appeal$ to a k9d ( imag9ation & s5tim5t :i* 0 =eign to !m4 ,?is embodim5t1 accord+ly1 0 ! object ( _! fir/ & fi]ce/ attack1 really because x 0 unsympa!tic to _! own temp]am5t b o/5sibly because !y c\ld n f9d its basis 9 ^? ,hebraic elem5ts ( ,*ri/ianity :i* make up ! great] bulk ( ! ,bible4 ,!y did n value ! sublime aspiration ( ,*ri/ianity to be n some?+ ,hebraic or ,teutonic b some?+ ,ca?olic & human2 & !y blam$ ev]y?+ :i* w5t beyond ! accid5tal limits ( _! own sympa?ies & ! n>r[ scope ( _! own exp]i5ce4 ,yet x 0 only by virtue ( ?is complem5t inh]it$ f ,paganism1 or at lea/ suppli$ by ! in/9cts & traditions on :i* ,paganism _h repos$1 t ,*ri/ianity c\ld claim to approa* a humane univ]sality or to a*ieve an imag9ative adequacy4 ,! problem 0 to compose1 9 ! =m ( a cosmic epic1 ) metaphysical ju/ifications & effectual />t+-po9ts = moral action1 ! spiritual autobiography ( man4 ,! c5tral idea ( ?is composition 0 to be ! idea ( a ,r$emption4 ,ar\nd ?is 7 to be ga!r$ & m\ld$ toge!r elem5ts drawn f ,hebrew tradition & scripture1 o!rs furni%$ by ,paganism1 toge!r ) all t ! liv+ imag9ation ( ! "t c\ld create4 ,nor 0 x "r or fitt+ to make a m]ely !oretical or e?ical syn!sis4 ,doctr9e mu/ f9d its s5sible e*o 9 wor%ip1 9 art1 9 ! fea/s & fa/s ( ! ye>4 ,only :5 ?us p]meat+ life & express+ itself to e s5se & faculty c a religion be said to h rea*$ completion2 only !n has ! imag9ation exhau/$ its means ( utt]ance4 ,! great success :i* ,*ri/ianity a*iev$ 9 ?is imm5se und]tak+ makes x1 aft] classic antiquity1 ! mo/ important phase 9 ! hi/ory ( mank9d4 ,x is cle>1 h[ev]1 t ?is success 0 n complete4 ,t fallacy f :i* ! ,pagan religion alone has be5 free1 t ,greek3 proton pseudos ( all fanaticism1 ! natural b hopeless misund]/&+ ( imag9+ t poetry 9 ord] to be religion1 9 ord] to be ! inspiration ( life1 mu/ fir/ d5y t x is poetry & deceive u ab\t ! facts ) :i* we h to deal--?is misund]/&+ has m>r$ ! "w ( ! ,*ri/ian imag9ation & condemn$ x1 if we may tru/ appe>ances1 to be transitory4 ,= by ?is misund]/&+ ,*ri/ian doctr9e 0 br\ght into conflict ) reality1 ( :i* x pret5ds to prejudge ! "*1 & also into conflict ) :at might h be5 its own elem5ts1 ) all exclud$ religi\s in/9cts & imag9ative ideals4 ,human life is always ess5tially ! same1 & !re=e a religion :i*1 l ,*ri/ianity1 seizes ! ess5ce ( t life1 ought to be an et]nal religion4 ,b x may =feit t privilege by entangl+ itself ) a p>ticul> acc\nt ( matt]s ( fact1 matt]s irrelevant to its ideal significance1 & fur!r by intr5*+ itself1 by virtue ( t entanglem5t1 9 an inadequate regim5 or a too n>r[ imag9ative developm5t1 ?us putt+ its ideal au?ority 9 jeop>dy by oppos+ x to o!r intuitions & practices no less religi\s ?an its own4 ,c ,*ri/ianity escape ^! p]ils8 ,c x re=m its claims1 or c x ov]:elm all opposition & take ! human he>t once m by /orm8 ,! future alone c decide4 ,! greate/ calamity1 h[ev]1 w\ld be t :i* seems1 alas6 n unlikely to befall our imm$iate po/]ity1 namely1 t :ile ,*ri/ianity %\ld be discr$it$ no o!r religion1 m disillusion$ & n less inspir$1 %\ld come to take its place4 ,until ! imag9ation %\ld h "t to recov] & to reass]t its legitimate & k9dly p[]1 ! ,european races w\ld !n be r$uc$ to confess+ t :ile !y _h ma/]$ ! me*anical =ces ( ,nature1 bo? by sci5ce & by ! arts1 !y _h become incapable ( ma/]+ or und]/&+ !mselves1 & t1 bewild]$ l ! bea/s by ! revolutions ( ! heav5s & by _! own irrational passions1 !y c\ld f9d no way ( utt]+ ! ideal mean+ ( _! life4 ,v ,,platonic ,,love ,,9 ,,"s ,,italian ,,poets ,:5 ! fruits ( philosophic reflection1 cond5s$ into "s phrase1 pass into ! common language ( m51 !re does n & !re _c accompany !m any j appreciation ( _! mean+ or ( ! long exp]i5ce & travail ( s\l f :i* !y h aris54 ,few doctr9es h suff]$ m by popul>ization ?an ! intuitions ( ,plato4 ,! public sees 9 ,platonic say+s little m ?an phrases employ$ by unpractical m9ds to cloak ! empt9ess ( _! ye>n+s4 ,f9d+ ^! fragm5ts ( an obsolete spee* put to bad uses1 we are apt to ignore & despise !m1 mu* z a mod]n peasant might despise ! fragm5t ( a frieze or a metope :i* he f\nd built into 8 cottage wall4 ,x is n only ! works ( pla/ic art t m\ld] & dis9tegrate to furni% mat]ials = ! b>b>\s masons ( a lat] age3 ! great edifices ( reason also crumble1 _! plan is lo/1 & _! fragm5ts1 pick$ :]e !y happ5 to lie1 become ! mat]ials ( a feebl] ?\ght4 ,9 common spee* we f9d su* bits ( anci5t wisdom emb$d$2 !y prove ! intellig5ce ( "s ance/or ( ours1 b are no evid5ce ( our own4 ,:5 us$ 9 ignorance ( _! mean+1 !y become misplac$ fl\ri%es1 lapses into my/]y 9 ! bus9esslike pla9ness ( our ?\ght4 ,yet !re is "o man1 ! ar*ologi/1 to :om no?+ is s int]e/+ z j ^! /ones :i* a practical build] w\ld h reject$4 ,he =gives ! ignorance & b>b>ism t plac$ !m :]e !y are2 he is absorb$ 9 /udy+ _! sculptur$ surface & delight$ if 8 fancy c pass f !m to ! idea ( ! maje/ic :ole to :i* !y once belong$4 ,s 9 ! pres5ce ( a mu*-abus$ philosophic phrase1 we may be int]e/$ 9 recon/ruct+ ! exp]i5ce :i* once gave x mean+ & =m4 ,words are at lea/ ! tombs ( ideas1 & ! mo/ conv5tional =mulas ( poets or !ologians are /ill good subjects = ! ar*ologi/ ( passion4 ,he may f9d a treasure !re2 or at any rate he may hope to be rew>d$ = 8 lab\r by ! ideal re/oration ( "s once beautiful temple ( ,a!na4 ,some?+ ( ?is k9d is :at we may n[ attempt to d ) reg>d to "o or two ,platonic ideas1 ideas :i* "u ! (t5 ironical title ( ,platonic love1 are con/antly ref]r$ to & seldom und]/ood4 ,^! ideas may be def9$ z ! trans=mation ( ! appreciation ( beautiful ?+s into ! wor%ip ( an ideal beauty & ! trans=mation ( ! love ( p>ticul> p]sons into ! love ( ,god4 ,^! my/ical phrases may acquire a new & m human mean+ if we und]/&1 at lea/ 9 "p1 h[ !y fir/ came to be spok54 ,we %all !n n ?9k ( !m m]ely z ! report$ say+s ( ,plato or ,plot9us1 ,porphyry or ,proclus2 we %all n le>n !m by rote1 z ! unhappy /ud5t le>ns ! enigmas1 :i*1 9 ! hi/ories ( philosophy1 repres5t all t survives ( ! doctr9e ( a ,?ales or a ,py?agoras4 ,we %all h "s notion ( ! ideas t once prompt$ su* spee*4 ,& we %all be ! bett] able to recon/ruct ^? conceptions inasmu* z ! reflection by :i* !y are br$ has recurr$ (t5 9 ! _w--has recurr$1 v likely1 9 our own exp]i5ce4 ,we are (t5 ,platoni/s )\t kn[+ x4 ,9 "s =m or o!r ,platonic ideas occur 9 all poetry ( passion :5 x is season$ ) reflection4 ,!y are p>ticul>ly *>act]i/ic ( "s ,italian poets1 scatt]$ f ! ?irte5? to ! sixte5? c5turies4 ,^! poets _h s\ls naturally ,platonic2 ev5 :5 !y _h he>d some?+ ( ,plato !y borr[$ no?+ f him4 ,!y repeat$ 8 phrases1 :5 !y did s1 m]ely to ?r[ ! au?ority ( an anci5t philosoph] ov] ! spontane\s sugge/ions ( _! own m9ds4 ,_! ,platonism 0 all _! own3 x 0 ,*ri/ian1 m$ival1 & *ivalr\s1 bo? 9 orig9 & expression4 ,b x 0 all ! m g5u9e = be+ a re9c>nation r ?an an imitation ( ! old wisdom4 ,no?+1 = example1 c\ld be a bett] object-lesson 9 ,platonism ?an ! well-kn[n s5tim5tal hi/ory ( ,dante4 ,!re is no ess5tial importance 9 ! "q :e!r ,dante c\ld h read any?+ ( ,plato or come indirectly "u 8 influ5ce4 ,! ,platonism ( ,dante1 is1 9 any case1 q 8 own4 ,x is ! expression ( 8 inn] exp]i5ce m\ld$ by ! *ivalry & !ology ( 8 "t4 ,he tells u ! /ory himself v qua9tly 9 ! ,vita ,nuova4 ,at ! age ( n9e he saw1 at a w$d+-fea/ 9 ,flor5ce1 ,beatrice1 !n a *ild ( sev51 :o became1 =?)1 ! mi/ress ( 8 ?\ghts4 ,?is precoci\s passion rul$ 8 imag9ation = life1 s t1 :5 he br+s to an end ! acc\nt ( ! emotions %e ar\s$ 9 him by h] life & dea?1 he tells u t he det]m9$ to speak no m ab\t h] until he %\ld be able to d s m wor?ily1 & to say ( h] :at _h nev] be5 said ( any woman4 ,9 ! ,div9e ,com$y1 accord+ly1 :]e he fulfils ?is promise1 %e appe>s transfigur$ into a heav5ly protectress & guide1 ^: g5tle womanhood fades into an imp]sonation ( !ological wisdom4 ,b ?is life-long devotion ( ,dante to ,beatrice 0 some?+ purely m5tal & poetical2 he nev] v5tur$ to woo2 he nev] once desc5d$ or s\ght to desc5d f ! sph]e ( sil5t & di/ant adoration2 8 t5d]ness rema9$ always te>ful & dreamy1 l t ( a sup]s5sitive *ild4 ,yet1 :ile 8 love ( ,beatrice 0 ?us con/ant & religi\s1 x 0 by no means exclusive4 ,dante took a wife z ,beatrice h]self _h tak5 a husb&2 ! temptations ( y\?1 z well z ! affection ( m>ri$ life1 seem to h exi/$ b5ea? ?is ideal love1 n unrebuk$ by x1 inde$1 b c]ta9ly n di/urb+ x4 ,%\ld we be surpris$ at ?is species ( infidelity8 ,%\ld we reg>d x z pro( ( ! artificiality & holl[ness ( t s transc5d5tal passion1 & smile1 z p h done 9 ! case ( ,plato himself1 at ! ?9 disguise ( philosophy t cov]s ! mo/ vulg> frailties ( human nature8 ,or1 %\ld we say1 ) o!rs1 t ,beatrice is a m]ely allegorical figure1 & ! love %e is said to inspire no?+ b a symbol = atta*m5t to wisdom & virtue8 ,^! are old que/ions1 & insoluble by any positive me?od1 s9ce !y _c be answ]$ by ! facts b only by our int]pretation ( !m4 ,our solution c h little hi/orical value1 b x w s]ve to te/ our und]/&+ ( ! metaphysics ( feel+4 ,to guide u 9 ?is delicate bus9ess we may appeal to a fri5d ( ,dante1 8 fell[-poet ,guido ,cavalcanti1 :o w furni% u ) ano!r example ( ?is same sort ( idealization1 & ?is same sort ( incon/ancy1 express$ 9 a mann] t w repay analysis4 ,guido ,cavalcanti _h a ,beatrice ( 8 own--some?+ ( ! k9d 0 !n expect$ ( e g5tle knight & poet--& ,guido's ,beatrice 0 call$ ,giovanna4 ,dante seems to ackn[l$ge ! p>ity ( 8 fri5d's passion ) 8 own by c\pl+ ! names ( ! two ladies1 ,monna ,vanna & ,monna ,bice1 9 "o or two ( ! sonnets he addresses to ,guido4 ,n[ x came to pass t ,guido1 9 ! f]v\r ( 8 devotion1 at once *ivalr\s & religi\s1 be?\ght him ( mak+ a pilgrimage to ! tomb ( ,sa9t ,james ! ,apo/le1 at ,compo/ela 9 ,spa94 ,^u ?is j\rney--a j\rney beguil$1 no d\bt1 by ?\ghts ( ! beautiful ,giovanna he _h left 9 ,flor5ce--he halt$ 9 ! city ( ,t\l\se4 ,b at ,t\l\se1 z *ance w\ld h x1 !re liv$ a lovely lady by ! "n ( ,m&etta1 ) :om x 0 impossible = ! *ivalr\s pilgrim n to fall 9 love2 = *ivalry is no?+ b a f9e emblazon+ ( ! orig9al manly impulse to fight e man & love e woman4 ,n[ 9 an int]e/+ sonnet ,guido describes ! conflict ( ^! two affections1 or p]haps we %\ld r say1 _! union4 ,!re is a lady 9 ,t\l\se s fair1 ,s "y1 s g5tle1 & s *a/ely gay1 ,%e do? a true & liv+ lik5ess be> ,9 h] sweet eyes to ,love1 :om ,i obey4 ,! ^w ,i h1 to avoid confusion1 "h r5d]$ by ,love is 9 ! orig9al la ,donna mia1 my ,lady2 s t we h our poet fall+ 9 love ) ,m&etta on acc\nt ( h] /rik+ resemblance to ,giovanna4 ,is ?is incon/ancy or only a m delicate & indirect homage8 ,we %all see2 = ,guido goes on to repres5t 8 s\l1 accord+ to 8 cu/om1 z a be+ t dwells & moves ab\t 9 ! *amb]s ( 8 he>t2 & speak+ /ill ( ,m&etta1 ! lady ( ,t\l\se1 he cont9ues3-- ,)9 my he>t my s\l1 :5 %e appe>$1 ,0 fill$ ) long+ & 0 fa9 to flee ,out ( my he>t to h]1 yet 0 afe>$ ,to tell ! lady :o my ,love might be4 ,%e look$ ^u me ) h] quiet eyes1 ,& "u _! sweet ray my bosom burn$1 ,*e]$ by ,love's image1 t )9 !m lies4 ,s f> we h /ill ! famili> visible 9 ! new & mak+ its p[]2 ,m&etta is /ill no?+ b a /imulus to reawak5 ! memory ( ,giovanna4 ,b be=e ! end !re is tr\ble4 ,! /+ ( ! pres5t attraction is felt 9 contra/ to ! et]nal ideal4 ,!re is a necessity ( sacrifice1 & he cries1 z ! lady turns away h] eyes3-- ,alas6 !y %ot an arr[ z %e turn$1 ,& ) a dea?-w\nd f ! pi]c+ d>t ,my s\l came sigh+ back into my he>t4 ,p]haps ?is m]ely means t ! lady 0 disda9ful2 _h %e be5 o!rwise ! poet might nev] h writt5 sonnets ab\t h]1 & surely n sonnets 9 :i* h] *>ms 7 r$uc$ to a ,platonic rem9isc5ce ( a fair] ideal4 ,b x is ?is turn+ away ( ! face ( love1 ?is ephem]al quality ( its embodim5ts1 t usually /imulates ! imag9ation to ! con/ruction ( a sup]s5sible ideal 9 :i* all ^? evaporat$ impulses may meet aga9 & re/ 9 an adequate & p]man5t object4 ,s t :ile ,guido's dea?-w\nd 0 p]haps 9 reality no?+ b ! rebuff (f]$ him by a prospective mi/ress1 yet ! /+ ( x1 9 a m9d ( ,platonic habit1 s]v$ at once to en=ce ! di/9ction betwe5 ! ideal beauty1 s full ( sweetness & heav5ly *>m1 :i* _h tempt$ ! s\l out ( 8 he>t on its brief adv5ture1 & ! p>ticul> & real object aga9/ :i* ! s\l 0 da%$1 & f :i* x return$ bruis$ & tr\bl$ to its inw>d solitude4 ,s ! m$itative ,guido repres5ts 8 exp]i5ce3 a new planet swam into 8 k5 radiant ) e grace & virtue2 yet all ! magic ( t lady lay 9 h] resemblance to ! my/]i\s ,giovanna1 ! d\ble ( ,beatrice1 ! ideal ( ! poet's imag9ation4 ,! s\l1 at fir/1 w5t out eag]ly to ! new love z to an image & embodim5t ( ! old1 b 0 afraid1 & ju/ly1 to m5tion ! ideal 9 ! pres5ce ( ! reality4 ,!re is always dang] 9 do+ t2 x breaks ! spell & r$uces u aga9 to ! old & pati5t loyalty to ! unse54 ,! pres5t ?+ be+ s l ! ideal we unhesitat+ly pursue x3 b we are quickly disappo9t$1 & ! s\l returns sigh+ & mortally w\nd$1 z ! new object ( passion fades away4 ,we may n[ und]/& some:at bett] t /range comb9ation ( loyalty & disloyalty :i* we f9d 9 ,dante4 ,:ile ! object ( love is any p>ticul> ?+1 x excludes all o!rs2 b x includes all o!rs z soon z x becomes a g5]al ideal4 ,all beauties attract by sugge/+ ! ideal & !n fail to satisfy by n fulfill+ x4 ,:ile ,giovanna rema9$ a woman1 ,guido1 z 8 aft] life pla9ly %[$1 _h no difficulty 9 =gett+ h] & 9 lov+ _m o!rs ) a frank he>t2 b :5 ,giovanna _h become a "n = ! absolute ideal1 t sov]eign mi/ress c\ld nev] be =gott51 & ! ?\ght ( h] subord9at$ e p>ticul> atta*m5t & call$ ! s\l away f x4 ,comp>$ ) ! ideal1 e human p]fection becomes a %ad[ & a deceit2 e mortal passion leaves1 z ,keats has told u1 ,a he>t high-sorr[ful & cloy$1 ,a burn+ =ehead & a p>*+ tongue4 ,su* is ! nature ( idealization4 ,l ! ,v5us ( ,apelles1 9 :i* all kn[n beauties 7 comb9$1 ! ideal is ! union ( all we prize 9 all creatures2 & ! m9d t has once felt ! irresi/ible compulsion to create ?is ideal & to believe 9 x has become incapable ( unres]v$ love ( any?+ else4 ,! absolute is a jeal\s god2 x is a consum+ fire t bla/s ! affections ^u :i* x fe$s4 ,= ?is reason ! s\l ( ,guido1 9 8 sonnet1 is mortally w\nd$ by ! %aft ( t beauty :i* has awak5$ a vehem5t long+ = p]fection )\t be+ able to satisfy x4 ,all ?+s become to ! wor%ipp] ( ! ideal s _m signs & symbols ( :at he seeks2 l ! vot>y :o1 kneel+ n[ be=e "o image & n[ be=e ano!r1 lets 8 inc5se float by all ) a c]ta9 ab/ract$ imp>tiality1 because 8 aspiration m\nts ?r\gh !m equally to ! invisible ,god !y alike repres5t4 ,ano!r aspect ( ! same process is well describ$ by ,%akespe>e1 9 :om ,italian influ5ces c\nt = mu*1 :5 he says to ! p]son he has *os5 z ! object ( 8 idealization3-- ,?y bosom is ende>$ ) all he>ts ,:i* ,i1 by lack+1 h suppos$ dead1 ,& !re reigns love & all love's lov+ p>ts ,& all ^? fri5ds :i* ,i ?\ght buri$4 ,h[ _m a holy & obsequi\s te> ,ha? de> religi\s love /ol5 f m9e eye ,z int]e/ = ! dead1 :i* n[ appe> ,b ?+s remov$1 :i* hidd5 9 !e lie4 ,?\ art ! grave :]e buri$ love do? live ,hung ) ! trophies ( my lov]s gone1 ,:o all _! p>ts ( me to !e did give3 ,t due ( _m n[ is ?9e alone4 ,_! images ,i lov$ ,i view 9 !e1 ,& ?\1 all !y1 ha/ all ! all ( me4 ,we ne$ n1 !n1 wa/e erudition 9 try+ to prove :e!r ,dante's ,beatrice or ,guido's ,giovanna or any "o else :o has be5 ! subject ( ! great] poetry ( love1 0 a symbol or a reality4 ,to poets & philosoph]s real ?+s are !mselves symbols4 ,! *ild ( sev5 :om ,dante saw at ! ,flor5t9e fea/ 01 if y w1 a reality4 ,z su* %e is pr(\ndly unimportant4 ,to say t ,dante lov$ h] !n & ev] aft] is ano!r way ( say+ t %e 0 a symbol to him4 ,t is ! way ) *ildi% loves4 ,nei!r ! consci\s spell ( ! s5ses nor ! aff9ities ( ta/e & "* c !n be p[]ful1 b ! s5se ( lonel9ess & ! vague ne$ ( lov+ may easily conspire ) ! innoc5ce ( ! eyes to fix ^u a s+le image & to make x ! imag9>y goal ( all ^? in/9cts :i* z yet d n "k !mselves4 ,:5 ) "t ^! in/9cts become explicit & select _! respective objects1 if ! inmo/ he>t /ill rema9s unsatisfi$1 z x mu/ 9 all pr(\nd or imag9ative natures1 ! "n & memory ( t vague e>ly love may well subsi/ z a symbol = ! p]fect good yet unatta9$4 ,x is intelligible t z "t goes on t image1 gr[n ?us consci\sly symbolic1 %\ld become int]*angeable ) ! ab/ract me?od ( pursu+ p]fection--t ,beatrice1 t is1 %\ld become ! same z sacr$ !ology4 ,hav+ recogniz$ t %e 0 to 8 *ildi% fancy :at ! ideals ( religion 7 to 8 mature imag9ation1 ,dante int5tionally fus$ ! two1 z e poet int5tionally fuses ! g5]al & ! p>ticul>1 ! univ]sal & ! p]sonal4 ,beatrice !nce=? appe>$1 z ,plato wi%$ t our loves %\ld1 z a manife/ation ( absolute beauty & z an av5ue ( div9e grace4 ,dante m]ely add$ 8 ,*ri/ian humility & t5d]ness to ! insight ( ! ,pagan philosoph]4 ,! t5d5cy to imp]sonality1 we see1 is ess5tial to ! ideal4 ,x c\ld n fulfil its functions if x reta9$ too _m ( ! traits ( any individual4 ,a bl9d love1 an unreason+ passion1 is !re=e inconsi/5t ) ! ,platonic _s1 :i* is fav\rable r to ab/raction f p]sons & to admiration ( qualities4 ,^! may1 ( c\rse1 be f\nd 9 _m individuals4 ,too mu* subjection to ano!r p]sonality makes ! expression ( our own impossible1 & ! ideal is no?+ b a projection ( ! dem&s ( our imag9ation4 ,if ! imag9ation is ov]-p[]$ by too /rong a fasc9ation1 by ! absolute dom9ion ( an ali5 influ5ce1 we =m no ideal at all4 ,we mu/ ma/] a passion be=e we c see its mean+4 ,= ?is reason1 among o!rs1 we f9d s little ,platonism 9 t poet 9 :om we might h expect$ to f9d mo/--,i mean 9 ,petr>*4 ,petr>* is musical1 +5i\s1 le>n$1 & passionate1 b he is weak4 ,8 art is great] ?an 8 ?\ght4 ,9 ! quality ( 8 m9d !re is no?+ truly di/+ui%$4 ,! discipl9e ( 8 long & hopeless love br+s him little wisdom1 little consolation4 ,he is la*rymose & s5tim5tal at ! end z at ! beg9n+1 & 8 be/ dream ( heav51 express$1 x is true1 9 entranc+ v]se1 is only to hold 8 lady's h& & he> h] voice4 ,sometimes1 inde$1 he repeats :at he mu/ h read & he>d s (t51 & gives u 8 v]sion ( ,plato 9 half a sonnet4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 speak+ ( 8 love = ,laura1 he says 9 "o place3-- ,h5ce comes ! und]/&+ ( love's scope ,t seek+ h] to p]fect good aspires1 ,acc\nt+ little :at all fle% desires2 ,& h5ce ! _s's happy p9ions ope ,9 flight impetu\s to ! heav5's *oirs1 ,:]e=e ,i walk already pr\d 9 hope4 ,if we are look+1 h[ev]1 = m direct expressions ( ! idealism ( feel+1 ( love1 & ! s5se ( beauty pass+ into religion1 we %all d well to turn to ano!r ,italian1 n s great a poet z ,petr>* by any means1 b a f> great] man--to ,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,mi*ael ,angelo ju/ly reg>d$ himself z ess5tially a sculptor1 & said ev5 ( pa9t+ t x 0 n 8 art2 8 v]ses are !re=e bo? lab\r$ & r\gh4 ,yet !y h be5 too mu* neglect$1 = !y brea! ! same pa?os ( /r5g?1 ! same agony 9 hope1 z 8 ,titanic designs4 ,l e ,italian ( culture 9 ^? days1 ,mi*ael ,angelo 0 9 ! habit ( address+ little pieces to 8 fri5ds1 & ( ca/+ 8 ?\ghts or 8 pray]s into ! m\ld ( a sonnet or a madrigal4 ,v]se has a great] naturalness & a wid] range among ! ,lat9 peoples ?an among ! ,engli%2 poetry & prose are less diff]5tiat$4 ,9 ,fr5*1 ,italian1 & ,spani%1 z 9 ,lat9 itself1 elegance & neatness ( expression suffice = v]se4 ,! read] passes )\t any s5se ( incongruity or anti-climax f passion to reflection1 f s5tim5t to satire1 f flights ( fancy to homely details3 ! :ole has a c]ta9 human s9c]ity & intelligibility :i* weld x toge!r4 ,z ! ,lat9 languages are n compos$ ( two div]se elem5ts1 z ,engli% is ( ,lat9 & ,g]man1 s ! ,lat9 m9d does n h two sph]es ( s5tim5t1 "o vulg> & ! o!r sublime4 ,all *anges are v>iations on a s+le key1 :i* is ! key ( intellig5ce4 ,we mu/ n be surpris$1 !re=e1 to f9d n[ a message to a fri5d1 n[ an arti/ic maxim1 n[ a bit ( dialectic1 & n[ a confession ( s91 tak+ ! =m ( v]se & fill+ out ! f\rte5 l9es ( a sonnet4 ,on ! contr>y1 we mu/ look to ^! famili> compositions = ! mo/ g5u9e evid5ce ( a man's daily ?\ghts4 ,we f9d 9 ,mi*ael ,angelo's poems a few recurr+ ideas1 or r ! v>i$ expression ( a s+le half /hetic1 half religi\s cre$4 ,! s\l1 he tells u 9 effect1 is by nature made = ,god & = ! enjoym5t ( div9e beauty4 ,all true beauty leads to ! idea ( p]fection2 ! ef=t t[>d p]fection is ! burd5 ( all art1 :i* lab\rs1 !re=e1 ) a sup]human & insoluble problem4 ,all love1 also1 t does n lead to ! love ( ,god & m]ge into t love1 is a long & hopeless torm5t2 :ile ! light ( love is already ! light ( heav51 ! fire ( love is already ! fire ( hell4 ,^! are ! ?\ghts t p]petually recur1 v>i$ n[ ) a pa!tic ref]5ce to ! poet's we>9ess & old age1 n[ ) an almo/ despair+ appeal = div9e m]cy1 (t5 ) a p[]ful & rugg$ description ( ! pangs ( love1 & ) a pi\s acceptance ( its discipl9e4 ,! :ole is int5se1 exalt$1 & tragic1 haunt$ by some?+ ( t pr(\nd t]ror1 ( t magnific5t /r5g?1 :i* we admire 9 ! figures ( ! ,sixt9e ,*apel1 ^? noble agonies ( be+s great] ?an any we f9d 9 ?is _w4 ,:at1 we may ask1 is all ?is trag$y ab\t8 ,:at great sorr[1 :at great love1 _h ,mi*ael ,angelo or 8 giants t !y wri! s sup]naturally ,z ^? decorative y\?s are spr9kl$ ov] ! ,sixt9e vault1 fill$1 we "k n :y1 ) we "k n :at emotion1 s ^! scraps ( v]se1 ^! sibyll9e leaves ( ,mi*ael ,angelo's1 give u no reason = _! passion4 ,!y tell no /ory2 !re seems to h be5 no /ory to tell4 ,!re is some?+ imp]sonal & elusive ab\t ! subject & occasion ( ^! poems4 ,attempts h be5 made to attribute !m to discr$itable passions1 z also to a s5tim5tal love = ,vittoria ,colonna4 ,b ! fri5d%ip ) ,vittoria ,colonna 0 an incid5t ( ,mi*ael ,angelo's mature ye>s2 "s ( ! sonnets & madrigals are address$ to h]1 b we _c attribute to h] influ5ce ! passion & sorr[ t seem to p]meate !m all4 ,p]haps !re is less my/]y 9 ?is ?an ! curi\s w\ld h u see 9 x4 ,p]haps ! love & beauty1 h[ev] base _! primal inc>nation1 are really1 z !y ?9k !mselves1 aspirations t[>d ! ,mo/ ,high4 ,9 ! long /udies & we>y j\rneys ( ! arti/1 9 8 mighty inspiration1 9 8 int5se love ( ! /ructural beauty ( ! human body1 9 8 vicissitudes ( =tune & 8 arti/ic disappo9tm5ts1 9 8 exalt$ piety1 we may see q en\gh explanation = ! burd5 ( 8 s\l4 ,x is n necess>y to f9d vulg> causes = ! extraord9>y feel+s ( an extraord9>y man4 ,x suffices t life wore ?is aspect to him2 t ! great dem&s ( 8 _s s express$ !mselves 9 ! pres5ce ( 8 _w4 ,"h is a madrigal 9 :i* ! ,platonic !ory ( beauty is cle>ly /at$3-- ,= fai?ful guide unto my lab\r+ he>t ,beauty 0 giv5 me at bir?1 ,to be my glass & lamp 9 ei!r art4 ,:o ?9ke? o!rwise miskn[s h] wor?1 ,= highe/ beauty only gives me light ,to c>ve & pa9t aright4 ,ra% is ! ?\ght & va9 ,t make? beauty f ! s5ses gr[4 ,%e lifts to heav5 he>ts t truly "k1 ,b eyes gr[n dim ) pa9 ,f mortal to immortal _c g ,nor )\t grace ( ,god look up aga94 ,& "h is a sonnet1 call$ by ,mr4 ,symonds ! heav5ly bir? ( love & beauty4 ,i borr[ 9 "p f 8 translation3-- ,my love's life comes n f ?is he>t ( m9e4 ,! love :]e) ,i love !e ha? no he>t1 ,turn$ ?i!r :i!r no fell ?\ghts incl9e ,& err+ human passion leaves no sm>t4 ,love1 f ,god's bosom :5 our s\ls did "p1 ,made me pure eye to see1 !e light to %9e1 ,& ,i mu/ ne$s1 half mortal ?\gh ?\ art1 ,9 spite ( sorr[ "k !e all div9e4 ,z heat 9 fire1 s mu/ et]nity ,9 beauty dwell2 ?r\gh !e my s\l's endeav\r4 ,m\nts to ! patt]n & ! s\rce ( !e2 ,& hav+ f\nd all heav5 9 ?9e eyes1 ,b5ea? ?y br[s my burn+ _s flies ,!re :]e ,i lov$ !e fir/ to dwell = ev]4 ,some?+ ( ?is k9d may also be f\nd 9 ! v]ses ( ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici1 :o1 l ,mi*ael ,angelo1 0 a poet only incid5tally1 & ev5 ?\ght x necess>y to apologize 9 a preface = hav+ writt5 ab\t love4 ,_m ( 8 compositions are1 inde$1 trivial en\gh1 b 8 pip+s w n seem va9 to ! sev]e/ philosoph] :5 he f9ds !m lead+ to /ra9s l ! foll[+1 :]e ! ?\ght rises to ! pure/ sph]e ( trag$y & ( religion3-- ,z a lamp1 burn+ ?r\gh ! wan+ night1 ,:5 ! oil beg9s to fail t f$ its fire ,fl>es up1 & 9 its dy+ waxes bright ,& m\nts & spreads1 ! bett] to expire2 ,s 9 ?is pilgrimage & e>?ly flight ,! anci5t hope is sp5t t f$ desire1 ,& if !re burn )9 a great] light ',tis t ! vigil's end approa*e? nigh]4 ,h5ce ?y la/ insult1 ,=tune1 _c move1 ,nor dea?'s inv]t$ tor*es give al>m2 ,i see ! end ( wra? & bitt] moan4 ,my fair ,m$usa into sculptur$ /one ,turns me no m1 my ,sir5 _c *>m4 ,heav5 draws me up to its sup]nal love4 ,f su* spontane\s m$itation ,lor5zo c\ld ev5 pass to v]ses (ficially religi\s2 b 9 !m too1 b5ea? ! ?readb>e metaphors ( ! pi\s muse & h] my/ical p>adoxes1 we may /ill feel ! au/]ity & firmness ( reason4 ,! foll[+ /anzas1 = in/ance1 tak5 f 8 ,laudi ,spirituali1 assume a sublime mean+ if we rememb] t ! ess5ce to :i* !y are address$1 be=e be+ a cele/ial ,mon>* into ^: visible pres5ce any accid5t might u%] u1 0 a g5]al idea ( :at is good & an intransitive rational en]gy1 indi/+ui%able f ! tru? ( ?+s4 ,o let ?is wret*$ life )9 me die ,t ,i may live 9 !e1 my life inde$2 ,9 !e alone1 :]e dwells et]nity1 ,:ile hungry multitudes dea?'s hung] fe$4 ,i li/ )91 & h>k6 ,dea?'s /eal?y tread6 ,i look to !e1 & no?+ !n is dead4 ,!n eyes may see a light invisible ,& e>s may he> a voice )\t a s\nd1-- ,a voice & light n h>%1 b temp]$ well1 ,:i* ! m9d wak5s :5 ! s5se is dr[n$1 ,till1 wrapp$ )9 h]self1 ! s\l h fl[n ,to t la/ good :i* is h] inmo/ own4 ,:51 sweet & beaute\s ,ma/]1 on t day1 ,review+ all my loves ) a*+ he>t1 ,i take f ea* its bitt] self away1 ,! remnant %all be ?\1 _! bett] "p4 ,?is p]fect sweetness be 8 s+le /ore ,:o seeks ! good2 ?is faile? nev]more4 ,a ?ir/ unqu5*able is n beguil$ ,by draught on draught ( any runn+ riv] ,^: fi]y wat]s fe$ our pangs = ev]1 ,b by a liv+ f\nta9 undefil$4 ,o sacr$ well1 ,i seek !e & 7 fa9 ,to dr9k2 s %\ld ,i nev] ?ir/ aga94 ,hav+ be=e u ^! *>act]i/ic expressions ( ,platonic feel+1 z x arose aga9 9 a ,*ri/ian age1 divorc$ f ! accid5tal sett+ :i* ,greek mann]s _h giv5 x1 we may be bett] able to und]/& its ess5ce4 ,x is no?+ else ?an ! application to passion ( t pursuit ( some?+ p]man5t 9 a _w ( *ange1 ( some?+ absolute 9 a _w ( relativity1 :i* 0 ! ess5ce ( ! ,platonic philosophy4 ,if we may give re9 to ! imag9ation 9 a matt] :i* )\t imag9ation c\ld n be und]/ood at all1 we may fancy ,plato try+ to compreh5d ! p[] :i* beauty ex]t$ ov] 8 s5ses by apply+ to ! objects ( love t pr(\nd metaphysical di/9ction :i* he _h le>n$ to make 9 8 dialectical /udies--! di/9ction betwe5 ! appe>ance to s5se & ! reality envisag$ by ! intellect1 betwe5 ! ph5om5on & ! ideal4 ,! :ole natural _w _h come to seem to him l a _w ( dreams4 ,9 dreams images succe$ "o ano!r )\t o!r mean+ ?an t :i* !y d]ive f our /range p[] ( recognition--a p[] :i* enables u someh[1 among ! mo/ incongru\s trans=mations & surr\nd+s1 to f9d aga9 ! objects ( our wak+ life1 & to "n ^? absurd & unmann]ly visions by ! "n ( fa!r or "m or by any o!r famili> "n4 ,z ^! resemblances to real ?+s make up all ! tru? ( our dream1 & ^! recognitions all its mean+1 s ,plato ?\ght t all ! tru? & mean+ ( e>?ly ?+s 0 ! ref]5ce !y conta9$ to a heav5ly orig9al4 ,?is heav5ly orig9al we rememb] & recognize ev5 among ! di/ortions1 disappe>ances1 & multiplications ( its e>?ly copies4 ,?is ?\ght is easily applicable to ! affections2 inde$1 x is n impossible t x 0 ! natural transc5d5ce ( any deep glance into beauty1 & ! lessons 9 disillusion & idealism giv5 by t natural metaphysician we call love1 t fir/ gave ,plato ! key to 8 g5]al sy/em4 ,!re is1 at any rate1 no sph]e 9 :i* ! sup]s5sible is approa*$ ) s w>m a feel+ ( its reality1 9 :i* ! ph5om5on is s transp>5t & s indiff]5t a symbol ( some?+ p]fect & div9e beyond4 ,9 love & beauty1 if any:]e1 ev5 ! common man ?9ks he has visitations f a bett] _w1 approa*es to a lo/ happ9ess2 a happ9ess nev] ta/$ by u 9 ?is _w1 & yet s natural1 s expect$1 t we look = x at e turn ( a corn]1 9 e new face2 we look = x ) s mu* confid5ce1 ) s mu* dep? ( expectation1 t we nev] q ov]come our disappo9tm5t t x is n f\nd4 ,& x is n f\nd1--no1 nev]1--9 spite ( :at we may ?9k :5 we are fir/ 9 love4 ,plato knew ?is well f 8 exp]i5ce4 ,he _h _h successful loves1 or :at ! _w calls su*1 b he c\ld n fancy t ^! successes 7 m ?an provocations1 m ?an h9ts ( :at ! true good is4 ,to h mi/ak5 !m = real happ9ess w\ld h be5 to cont9ue to dream4 ,x w\ld h %[n z little compreh5sion ( ! he>t's exp]i5ce z ! idiot %[s ( ! exp]i5ce ( ! s5ses :5 he is unable to put toge!r impressions ( 8 eyes & h&s & to say1 ,"h is a table2 "h is a /ool4 ,x is by a p>allel use ( ! und]/&+ t we put toge!r ! impressions ( ! he>t & ! imag9ation & are able to say1 ,"h is absolute beauty3 "h is ,god4 ,! impressions !mselves h no p]man5ce1 no intelligible ess5ce4 ,z ,plato said1 !y are nev] any?+ fix$ b are always ei!r becom+ or ceas+ to be :at we ?9k !m4 ,!re mu/ be1 he tells u1 an et]nal & cle>ly def9able object ( :i* ! visible appe>ances to u are ! manifold semblance2 n[ by "o trait n[ by ano!r ! phantom be=e u lights up t vague & haunt+ idea1 & makes u utt] its "n ) a mom5t>y s5se ( c]titude & atta9m5t4 ,j s ! individual beauties t *>m our att5tion & en*a9 ! s\l h only a transitive exi/5ce2 !y are mom5t>y visions1 irrecov]able moods4 ,_! object is un/able2 we nev] c say :at x is1 x *anges s quickly be=e our eyes4 ,:at is x t a "m loves 9 h] *ild8 ,p]haps ! babe n yet born1 or ! babe t grew long ago by h] suff]+ & unrecogniz$ c>e2 p]haps ! man to be or ! y\? t has be54 ,:at does a man love 9 a woman8 ,! girl t is yet1 p]haps1 to be 81 or ! wife t once *ose to give him h] :ole exi/5ce4 ,:]e1 among all ^! glimpses1 is ! true object ( love8 ,x flies be=e u1 x tempts u on1 only to escape & turn to mock u f a new qu>t]4 ,& yet no?+ c conc]n u m or be m real to u ?an ?is my/]i\s good1 s9ce ! pursuit ( x gives our lives :atev] !y h ( true e>ne/ness & mean+1 & ! approa* to x :atev] !y h ( joy4 ,s f> is ?is ideal1 ,plato w\ld say1 f be+ an illusion1 t x is ! s\rce ( ! _w1 ! p[] t keeps u 9 exi/5ce4 ,b = x1 we %\ld be dead4 ,a pr(\nd indiff]5ce1 an initial torpor1 w\ld h kept u f ev] op5+ our eyes1 & we %\ld h no _w ( bus9ess or pleasure1 politics or sci5ce1 to ?9k ab\t at all4 ,we1 & ! :ole univ]se1 exi/ only by ! passionate attempt to return to our p]fection1 by ! radical ne$ ( los+ ourselves aga9 9 ,god4 ,t ineffable good is our natural possession2 all we hon\r 9 ?is life is b ! p>tial recov]y ( our bir?right2 e delightful ?+ is l a rift 9 ! cl\ds ?r\gh :i* we cat* a glimpse ( our native heav54 ,if t heav5 seems s f> away & ! idea ( x s dim & unreal1 x is because we are s f> f p]fect1 s mu* imm]s$ 9 :at is ali5 & de/ructive to ! s\l4 ,?us ! hi/ory ( our loves is ! record ( our div9e conv]sations1 ( our int]c\rse ) heav54 ,x matt]s v little :e!r ?is hi/ory seems to u tragic or n4 ,9 "o s5se1 all mortal loves are tragic because nev] is ! creature we ?9k we possess ! true & f9al object ( our love2 ?is love mu/ ultimately pass beyond t p>ticul> app>ition1 :i* is itself cont9ually pass+ away & %ift+ all its l9es & col\rs4 ,z ,h]aclitus c\ld nev] ba! twice 9 ! same riv]1 because its wat] _h fl[$ away1 s ,plato c\ld nev] look twice at ! same face1 = x _h become ano!r4 ,b on ! o!r h& ! mo/ unsuccessful passion _c be a va9 ?+4 ,m1 p]haps1 ?an if x _h f\nd an app>5t satisfaction1 x w reveal to u an object ( inf9ite wor?1 & ! flight ( ! s\l1 deta*$ by x f ! illusions ( common life1 w be m /raight & /eady t[>d ! ultimate good4 ,su*1 if we are n mi/ak51 is ! lesson ( ,plato's exp]i5ce & also ( t ( ! ,italian poets :om we h quot$4 ,is ?is exp]i5ce some?+ normal8 ,is x ! rational outcome ( our own lives8 ,t is a "q :i* ea* man mu/ answ] = himself4 ,our imm$iate object w h be5 atta9$ if we h made m intelligible a t5d5cy :i* is c]ta9ly v common among m51 & n among ! m5 lea/ wor?y ( hon\r4 ,x is ! t5d5cy to make our exp]i5ce ( love rational1 z sci5tific ?9k+ is a t5d5cy to make rational our exp]i5ce ( ! out] _w4 ,! !ories ( natural sci5ce are creations ( human reason2 !y *ange ) ! gr[? ( reason1 & express ! intellectual impulses ( ea* nation & age4 ,!ories ab\t ! highe/ good d ! same2 only be+ less applicable 9 practice1 less controllable by exp]im5t1 !y seldom atta9 ! same di/9ctness & articulation4 ,b !re is no?+ au?oritative 9 ^? con/ructions ( ! intellect1 no?+ co]cive except 9 s f> z our own exp]i5ce & reflection =ce u to accept !m4 ,natural sci5ce is p]suasive because x embodies ! mom5tum ( common s5se & ( ! practical arts2 x c>ries on _! spontane\s processes by m ref9$ b ess5tially simil> me?ods4 ,moral sci5ce is p]suasive "u ! same conditions1 b ^! conditions are n s g5]ally f\nd 9 ! m9ds ( m54 ,_! consci5ce is (t5 sup]/iti\s & p]functory2 _! imag9ation is usually ei!r disord]$ or dull4 ,!re is little mom5tum 9 _! lives :i* ! morali/ c rely ^u to c>ry !m onw>d t[>d rational ideals4 ,depriv$ ( ?is support 8 !ories fall to ! gr\nd2 !y mu/ seem1 to e man ^: nature _c elicit !m f 8 own exp]i5ce1 empty v]biage & irrelevant dreams4 ,no?+ 9 ! _w ( fact obliges u to agree ) ,mi*ael ,angelo :5 he says t et]nity c no m be sep>at$ f beauty ?an heat f fire4 ,beauty is a ?+ we exp]i5ce1 a value we feel2 b et]nity is some?+ problematical4 ,x might well happ5 t beauty %\ld exi/ = a :ile 9 our contemplation & t et]nity %\ld h no?+ to d ) x or ) u4 ,x might well happ5 t our affections1 be+ ! natural expression ( our in/9cts 9 ! family & 9 ! /ate1 %\ld b9d u = a :ile to ! be+s ) :om life has associat$ u--a fa!r1 a lov]1 a *ild--& t ^! affections %\ld gradually fade ) ! decay ( our vitality1 decl9+ 9 ! ev5+ ( life1 & pass+ away :5 we surr5d] our brea?1 )\t lead+ u to any s+le & supreme good1 to any et]nal love4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! ?\ghts & consolations we h be5 rehe>s+ h s\nd$ to u extravagant or unnatural1 we _c ju/ify !m by attempt+ to prove ! actual exi/5ce ( _! objects1 by produc+ ! absolute beauty or by %[+ :]e & h[ we may come face to face ) ,god4 ,we may well feel t beauty & love are cle> & good en\gh )\t any su* additional embodim5ts4 ,we may take ! _w z x is1 )\t feign+ ano!r1 & /udy actual exp]i5ce )\t po/ulat+ any t is hypo!tical4 ,we c welcome beauty = ! pleasure x af=ds & love = ! happ9ess x br+s1 )\t ask+ t ^! ?+s %\ld receive sup]natural ext5sions4 ,b we %\ld h /udi$ ,plato & 8 k9dr$ poets to little purpose if we ?\ght t by admitt+ all ?is we 7 reject+ m ?an ! my?ical elem5t t 0 sometimes mix$ ) _! ideal philosophy4 ,its ess5ce is n t\*$ by any ackn[l$gm5t ( :at seems true or probable 9 ! realm ( actual exi/5ce4 ,no?+ is m *>act]i/ic ( ! ,platonic m9d ?an a complete indiff]5ce to ! cont9uance ( exp]i5ce & an exclusive int]e/ 9 its compreh5sion4 ,if we wi% to und]/& ?is classic attitude ( reason1 all we ne$ d is to let reason h]self in/ruct u4 ,we d n ne$ m data1 b m m9d4 ,if we take ! sights & ! loves t our mortal limitations h all[$ (1 & surr5d] ourselves unres]v$ly to _! natural eloqu5ce2 if we say to ! _s t /irs )9 !m1 ,be ?\ me1 impetu\s "o2 if we become1 z ,mi*ael ,angelo says he 01 all eyes to see or all he>t to feel1 !n ! =ce ( our spiritual vitality1 ! mom5tum ( our imag9ation1 w c>ry u beyond ourselves1 beyond an int]e/ 9 our p]sonal exi/5ce or ev5tual emotions1 into ! pres5ce ( a div9e beauty & an et]nal tru?--?+s impossible to realize 9 exp]i5ce1 al?\gh necess>ily envisag$ by ?\ght4 ,z ! s5ses t p]ceive1 9 ! act ( p]ceiv+ ass]t an absolute reality 9 _! object1 z ! m9d t looks be=e & aft] believes 9 ! exi/5ce ( a pa/ & a future :i* _c n[ be exp]i5c$1 s ! imag9ation & ! he>t behold1 :5 !y are left free to exp& & express !mselves1 an absolute beauty & a p]fect love4 ,int5se contemplation dis5tangles ! ideal f ! idol ( s5se1 & a purifi$ w re/s 9 x z 9 ! true object ( wor%ip4 ,^! are ! oracles ( reason1 ! prophecies ( ^? pr(\nd] spirits :o 9 ! _w ( ,nature are ob$i5t unto dea? because !y belong intr9sically to a _w :]e dea? is impossible1 & :o c rise cont9ually1 by ab/raction f p]sonal s5sibility1 into id5tity ) ! et]nal objects ( rational life4 ,su* a religion mu/ elude popul> appreh5sion until x is translat$ into my?s & cosmological dogmas4 ,x is easi] = m5 to fill out ! life ( ! _s by supplem5t+ ! facts ( exp]i5ce by o!r facts = :i* !re is no evid5ce ?an x is = !m to ma/] ! giv5 facts & turn !m to spiritual uses4 ,_m c fight = a d\btful fact :5 !y _c p]=m a difficult idealization4 ,!y tru/1 z all m5 mu/1 to :at !y c see2 !y believe 9 ?+s z _! faculties repres5t ?+s to !m4 ,by ! same "r1 h[ev]1 ! rationaliz] ( exp]i5ce believes 9 8 visions2 he re/s1 l ! meane/ ( u1 9 ! pres5t object ( 8 ?\ght4 ,s long z we live at all we mu/ tru/ 9 some?+1 at lea/ 9 ! coh]5ce & p]man5ce ( ! visible _w & 9 ! value ( ! objects ( our own desires4 ,& if we live nobly1 we are "u ! same necessity ( believ+ 9 noble ?+s4 ,h[ev] unreal1 !re=e1 ^! ,platonic intuitions may seem to ^? ( u ^: int]e/s lie 9 o!r qu>t]s1 we may re/ assur$ t ^! v ?\ghts w\ld dom9ate our m9ds & ^! et]nal companion%ips w\ld *e] our desolation1 if we _h wre/l$ z manfully ) ! same passions & pass$ ?r\gh ! transmut+ fire ( z great a love4 ,,vi ,,! ,,abs5ce ,,( ,,religion ,,9 ,,%akespe>e ,we are accu/om$ to ?9k ( ! univ]sality ( ,%akespe>e z n ! lea/ ( 8 glories4 ,no o!r poet has giv5 s _m-sid$ an expression to human nature1 or r5d]$ s _m passions & moods ) su* an appropriate v>iety ( /yle1 s5tim5t1 & acc5t4 ,if1 !re=e1 we 7 ask$ to select "o monum5t ( human civilization t %\ld survive to "s future age1 or be transport$ to ano!r planet to be> witness to ! inhabitants !re ( :at we h be5 ^u e>?1 we %\ld probably *oose ! works ( ,%akespe>e4 ,9 !m we recognize ! true/ portrait & be/ memorial ( man4 ,yet ! ar*ologi/s ( t future age1 or ! cosmograph]s ( t o!r "p ( ! heav5s1 aft] consci5ti\s /udy ( our ,%akespe>ian autobiography1 w\ld misconceive our life 9 "o important respect4 ,!y w\ld h>dly und]/& t man _h _h a religion4 ,!re are1 inde$1 num]\s exclamations & invocations 9 ,%akespe>e :i* we1 :o h o!r means ( in=mation1 "k to be evid5ces ( curr5t religi\s ideas4 ,%akespe>e adopts ^!1 z he adopts ! re/ ( 8 vocabul>y1 f ! society ab\t him4 ,b he seldom or nev] gives !m _! orig9al value4 ,:5 ,iago says 'sblood a comm5tator might add explanations :i* %\ld involve ! :ole philosophy ( ,*ri/ian devotion2 b ?is ,*ri/ian s5tim5t is n 9 ,iago's m9d1 nor 9 ,%akespe>e's1 any m ?an ! virtues ( ,h]acles & 8 twelve lab\rs are 9 ! m9d ( e slave & p&] t cries h]cule 9 ! pages ( ,plautus & ,t]5ce4 ,oa?s are ! fossils ( piety4 ,! geologi/ recognizes 9 !m ! relics ( a once active devotion1 b !y are n[ only c\nt]s & pebbles toss$ ab\t 9 ! unconsci\s play ( expression4 ,! light] & m con/ant _! use1 ! less _! mean+4 ,only "o degree m inw>d ?an ?is survival ( a religi\s vocabul>y 9 pr(ane spee* is ! ref]5ce we (t5 f9d 9 ,%akespe>e to religi\s in/itutions & traditions4 ,!re are monks1 bi%ops1 & c>d9als2 !re is ev5 m5tion ( sa9ts1 al?\gh none is ev] pres5t$ to u 9 p]son4 ,! cl]gy1 if !y h any wisdom1 h an e>?ly "o4 ,fri> ,lawr5ce culls 8 h]bs l a m b5evol5t ,m$ea2 & ,c>d9al ,wolsey fl+s away ambition ) a pr(\ndly ,pagan despair2 8 robe & 8 integrity to heav5 are cold com=t to him4 ,juliet goes to %rift to arrange h] love affairs1 & ,ophelia %\ld g to a nunn]y to =get h]s4 ,ev5 ! *a/ity ( ,isabella has little 9 x t w\ld h be5 out ( place 9 ,iphig5ia4 ,! metaphysical ,hamlet himself sees a true gho/1 b s f> rev]ts to ! positivism t und]lies ,%akespe>e's ?9k+ z to speak soon aft] ( t undiscov]$ c\ntry f ^: b\rn no travell] returns4 ,!re are only two or ?ree %ort passages 9 ! plays1 & "o sonnet1 9 :i* true religi\s feel+ seems to break =?4 ,! mo/ beautiful ( ^! passages is t 9 ,ri*>d ,,ii1 :i* commemorates ! dea? ( ,m[bray1 ,duke ( ,norfolk-- ,_m a "t ha? bani%$ ,norfolk f\ght ,= ,jesu ,*ri/ 9 glori\s ,*ri/ian field1 ,/ream+ ! ensign ( ! ,*ri/ian cross ,aga9/ black ,pagans1 ,turks1 & ,s>ac5s2 ,&1 toil$ ) works ( w>1 retir$ himself ,to ,italy2 & !re1 at ,v5ice1 gave ,8 body to t pleasant c\ntry's e>?1 ,& 8 pure s\l unto 8 capta9 ,*ri/1 ,"u ^: col\rs he _h f\ght s long4 ,?is is t5d] & noble1 & full ( an indescribable *ivalry & pa?os1 yet ev5 "h we f9d ! _s ( w> r ?an t ( religion1 & a deep] s5se ( ,italy ?an ( heav54 ,m unmix$ is ! piety ( ,h5ry ,v aft] ! battle ( ,ag9c\rt3-- ,o ,god1 ?y arm 0 "h2 ,& n to u1 b to ?y arm alone1 ,ascribe we all6--,:51 )\t /ratagem1 ,b 9 pla9 %ock & ev5 play ( battle1 ,0 ev] kn[n s great & little loss1 ,on "o "p & on ! o!r8--,take x1 ,god1 ,= x is none b ?9e4444 ,come1 g we 9 procession to ! village1 ,& be x dea? proclaim$ ?r\gh our ho/1 ,to boa/ ( ?is1 or take t praise f ,god1 ,:i* is 8 only4444 ,d we all holy rites2 ,let !re be sung ,non nobis & ,te ,deum4 ,?is passage is c]ta9ly a true expression ( religi\s feel+1 & j ! k9d t we might expect f a dramati/4 ,religion appe>s "h z a manife/ation ( human nature & z an expression ( human passion4 ,! passion1 h[ev]1 is n due to ,%akespe>e's imag9ation1 b is ess5tially hi/orical3 ! poet has simply n reject$1 z he usually does1 ! religi\s elem5t 9 ! situation he reproduces4#a ,) ?is dramatic repres5tation ( piety we may c\ple ano!r1 ( a m intimate k9d1 f ! ,sonnets3-- ,poor s\l1 ! c5tre ( my s9ful e>?1 ,fool$ by ^! rebel p[]s t !e array1 ,:y do/ ?\ p9e )9 & suff] de>?1 ,pa9t+ ?y outw>d walls s co/ly gay8 ,:y s l>ge co/1 hav+ s %ort a lease1 ,do/ ?\ ^u ?y fad+ mansion sp5d8 ,%all worms1 inh]itors ( ?is excess1 ,eat up ?y *>ge8 ,is ?is ?y body's end8 ,!n1 s\l1 live ?\ ^u ?y s]vant's loss1 ,& let t p9e to aggravate ?y /ore2 ,buy t]ms div9e by sell+ h\rs ( dross1 ,)9 be f$1 )\t be ri* no m3 ,!n %alt ?\ fe$ on dea?1 t fe$s on m51 ,& dea? once dead1 !re's no m dy+ !n4 ,?is sonnet conta9s m ?an a natural religi\s emotion inspir$ by a s+le ev5t4 ,x conta9s reflection1 & expresses a feel+ n m]ely dramatically prop] b rationally j4 ,a m9d t habitually ran into su* ?\ghts w\ld be philosophically pi\s2 x w\ld be spiritual4 ,! ,sonnets1 z a :ole1 are spiritual2 _! passion is transmut$ into discipl9e4 ,_! love1 :i*1 :atev] its nom9al object1 is h>dly any?+ b love ( beauty & y\? 9 g5]al1 is made to triumph ov] "t by a metaphysical trans=mation ( ! object into some?+ et]nal4 ,at fir/ ?is is ! beauty ( ! race r5ew+ itself by g5]ation1 !n x is ! description ( beauty 9 ! poet's v]se1 & f9ally x is ! immortal s\l enri*$ by ! contemplation ( t beauty4 ,?is noble !me is ! m impressively r5d]$ by be+ contra/$ ) ano!r1 ) a vulg> love t by its nature refuses to be s trans=m$ & transmut$4 ,two loves1 cries ! poet1 9 a l9e t gives u ! ess5ce ( ! :ole1 ,two loves ,i h1--( com=t1 & despair4 ,9 all ?is dep? ( exp]i5ce1 h[ev]1 !re is /ill want+ any religi\s image4 ,! ,sonnets are spiritual1 b1 ) ! d\btful exception ( ! "o quot$ above1 !y are n ,*ri/ian4 ,&1 ( c\rse1 a poet ( ,%akespe>e's "t c\ld n h f\nd any o!r m\ld ?an ,*ri/ianity = 8 religion4 ,9 our day1 ) our wide & consci5ti\s hi/orical sympa?ies1 x may be possible = u to f9d 9 o!r rites & doctr9es ?an ^? ( our ance/ors an expression ( "s ultimate tru?4 ,b = ,%akespe>e1 9 ! matt] ( religion1 ! *oice lay betwe5 ,*ri/ianity & no?+4 ,he *ose no?+2 he *ose to leave 8 h]oes & himself 9 ! pres5ce ( life & ( dea? ) no o!r philosophy ?an t :i* ! pr(ane _w c sugge/ & und]/&4 ,?is positivism1 we ne$ h>dly say1 0 n due to any grossness or sluggi%ness 9 8 imag9ation4 ,%akespe>e c\ld be ideali/ic :5 he dream$1 z he c\ld be spiritual :5 he reflect$4 ,! spectacle ( life did n pass be=e 8 eyes z a m]e phantasmagoria4 ,he seiz$ ^u its pr9ciples2 he became wise4 ,no?+ c exce$ ! rip5ess ( 8 season$ judgm5t1 or ! occasional bread?1 sadness1 & t]s5ess ( 8 reflection4 ,! au?or ( ,hamlet c\ld n be )\t metaphysical aptitude2 ,macbe? c\ld n h be5 writt5 )\t a sort ( sibyll9e inspiration1 or ! ,sonnets )\t some?+ ( ! ,platonic m9d4 ,x is all ! m rem>kable1 !re=e1 t we %\ld h to se>* ?r\gh all ! works ( ,%akespe>e to f9d half a doz5 passages t h s mu* z a religi\s s\nd1 & t ev5 ^! passages1 ^u exam9ation1 %\ld prove n to be ! expression ( any deep religi\s conception4 ,if ,%akespe>e _h be5 )\t metaphysical capacity1 or )\t moral maturity1 we c\ld h expla9$ 8 /range ins5sibility to religion2 b z x is1 we mu/ m>vel at 8 indiff]5ce & ask ourselves :at c be ! causes ( x4 ,=1 ev5 if we %\ld n reg>d ! abs5ce ( religion z an imp]fection 9 8 own ?\ght1 we mu/ admit x to be an incomplet5ess 9 8 portrayal ( ! ?\ght ( o!rs4 ,positivism may be a virtue 9 a philosoph]1 b x is a vice 9 a dramati/1 :o has to r5d] ^? human passions to :i* ! religi\s imag9ation has always giv5 a l>g] mean+ & a ri*] dep?4 ,^? greate/ poets by ^: side we are accu/om$ to put ,%akespe>e did n =ego ?is advantage4 ,!y gave u man ) 8 piety & ! _w ) its gods4 ,hom] is ! *ief repository ( ! ,greek religion1 & ,dante ! fai?ful int]pret] ( ! ,ca?olic4 ,nature w\ld h be5 inconceivable to !m )\t ! sup]natural1 or man )\t ! influ5ce & companion%ip ( ! gods4 ,^! poets live 9 a cosmos4 ,9 _! m9ds1 z 9 ! m9d ( _! age1 ! fragm5ts ( exp]i5ce h fall5 toge!r into a p]fect picture1 l ! bits ( glass 9 a kaleidoscope4 ,_! univ]se is a total4 ,reason & imag9ation h ma/]$ x completely & peopl$ x4 ,no *aos rema9s beyond1 or1 if x does1 x is ?\ght ( ) an involunt>y %udd] t soon passes into a heal?y indiff]5ce4 ,!y h a !ory ( human life2 !y see man 9 8 relations1 surr\nd$ by a k9dr$ univ]se 9 :i* he fills 8 allott$ place4 ,he kn[s ! mean+ & issue ( 8 life1 & does n voyage )\t a *>t4 ,%akespe>e's _w1 on ! contr>y1 is only ! _w ( human society4 ,! cosmos eludes him2 he does n seem to feel ! ne$ ( fram+ t idea4 ,he depicts human life 9 all its ri*ness & v>iety1 b leaves t life )\t a sett+1 & consequ5tly )\t a mean+4 ,if we ask$ him to tell u :at is ! significance ( ! passion & beauty he _h s vividly display$1 & :at is ! outcome ( x all1 he c\ld h>dly answ] 9 any o!r words ?an ^? he puts into ! m\? ( ,macbe?3-- ,to-morr[1 & to-morr[1 & to-morr[1 ,creeps 9 ?is petty pace f day to day1 ,to ! la/ syllable ( record$ "t2 ,& all our ye/]days h light$ fools ,! way to du/y dea?4 ,out1 out1 brief c&le6 ,life's b a walk+ %ad[1 a poor play] ,t /ruts & frets 8 h\r ^u ! /age ,& !n is he>d no m3 x is a tale ,told by an idiot1 full ( s\nd & fury1 ,signify+ no?+4 ,h[ diff]5tly w\ld ,hom] or ,dante h answ]$ t "q6 ,_! trag$y w\ld h be5 illum9$ by a s5se ( ! div9ity ( life & beauty1 or by a s5se ( ! sanctity ( suff]+ & dea?4 ,_! fai? _h envelop$ ! _w ( exp]i5ce 9 a _w ( imag9ation1 9 :i* ! ideals ( ! reason1 ( ! fancy1 & ( ! he>t _h a natural expression4 ,!y _h caught 9 ! reality ! h9t ( a loveli] fable1--a fable 9 :i* t reality 0 complet$ & idealiz$1 & made at once va/] 9 its ext5t & m intelligible 9 its pr9ciple4 ,!y _h1 z x 71 dramatiz$ ! univ]se1 & end[$ x ) ! tragic unities4 ,9 contra/ ) su* a lum9\s philosophy & s well-dige/$ an exp]i5ce1 ! sil5ce ( ,%akespe>e & 8 philosophical incoh]5ce h some?+ 9 !m t is /ill hea!n2 some?+ t makes u wond] :e!r ! nor!rn m9d1 ev5 9 him1 did n rema9 morose & b>b>\s at its inmo/ core4 ,b be=e we all[ ourselves su* ha/y & g5]al inf]5ces1 we may well /op to consid] :e!r !re is n "s simpl] answ] to our "q4 ,an epic poet1 we might say1 naturally deals ) cosmic !mes4 ,he ne$s sup]natural ma*9]y because he depicts ! movem5t ( human affairs 9 _! g5]ality1 z typifi$ 9 ! figures ( h]oes ^: function x is to embody or to ov]come elem5tal =ces4 ,su* a poet's _w is fabul\s1 because 8 inspiration is imp]sonal4 ,b ! dramati/ r5d]s ! concrete reality ( life4 ,he has no ne$ ( a sup]human sett+ = 8 pictures4 ,su* a sett+ w\ld de/roy ! vitality ( 8 creations4 ,8 plots %\ld involve only human actors & human motives3 ! deus ex ma*9a has always be5 reg>d$ z an int]-lop] on 8 /age4 ,! passions ( man are 8 all-suffici5t mat]ial2 he %\ld weave 8 :ole fabric out ( !m4 ,to admit ! tru? ( all ?is w\ld n1 h[ev]1 solve our problem4 ,! dramati/ _c be expect$ to put cosmogonies on ! bo>ds4 ,miracle-plays become dramatic only :5 !y become human4 ,b ! sup]natural _w1 :i* ! playwright does n br+ be=e ! foot-lights1 may exi/ nev]!less 9 ! m9ds ( 8 *>act]s & ( 8 audi5ce4 ,he may ref] to x1 appeal to x1 & imply x1 9 ! actions & 9 ! s5tim5ts he attributes to 8 h]oes4 ,& if ! comp>ison ( ,%akespe>e ) ,hom] or ,dante on ! score ( religi\s inspiration is invalidat$ by ! fact t he is a dramati/ :ile !y are epic poets1 a comp>ison may yet be in/itut$ betwe5 ,%akespe>e & o!r dramati/s1 f :i* 8 s+ul> ins5sibility to religion w z readily appe>4 ,greek trag$y1 z we "k1 is dom9at$ by ! idea ( fate4 ,ev5 :5 ! gods d n appe> 9 p]son1 or :]e ! s]vice or neglect ( !m is n ! mov+ cause ( ! :ole play1--z x is 9 ! ,bac* & ! ,hippolytus ( ,euripides1--/ill ! deep conviction ( ! limits & conditions ( human happ9ess und]lies ! fable4 ,! w ( man fulfils ! decrees ( ,heav54 ,! h]o manife/s a high] =ce ?an 8 own1 bo? 9 success & 9 failure4 ,! fates guide ! will+ & drag ! unwill+4 ,!re is no su* fragm5t>y view ( life z we h 9 our romantic drama1 :]e accid5ts make ! mean+less happ9ess or unhapp9ess ( a sup]s5sitive adv5tur]4 ,life is se5 :ole1 al?\gh 9 m9iature4 ,its b\nd>ies & its pr9ciples are /udi$ m ?an its incid5ts4 ,! human1 !re=e1 ev]y:]e m]ges ) ! div9e4 ,our mortality1 be+ %>ply def9$ & mu* insi/$ ^u1 draws ! att5tion all ! m to t et]nity ( ,nature & ( law 9 :i* x is embosom$4 ,nor is ! fact ( sup]human control left = our reflection to discov]2 x is emphatically ass]t$ 9 ^? oracles on :i* s mu* ( ! action commonly turns4 ,:5 ! ,greek religion 0 eclips$ by ! ,*ri/ian1 ! anci5t way ( conceiv+ ! ultra-human relations ( human life became obsolete4 ,x 0 no long] possible to speak ) s9c]ity ( ! oracles & gods1 ( ,nemesis & ,greek3 hubris4 ,yet = a long "t x 0 n possible to speak 9 any o!r t]ms4 ,! new ideas 7 )\t arti/ic def9ition1 & lit]ature 0 p>alyz$4 ,b 9 ! c\rse ( ages1 :5 ! imag9ation _h _h "t & opportunity to develop a ,*ri/ian art & a ,*ri/ian philosophy1 ! dramatic poets 7 ready to deal ) ! new !mes4 ,only _! read9ess 9 ?is respect surpass$ _! ability1 at lea/ _! ability to please ^? :o _h any memory ( ! anci5t p]fection ( ! arts4 ,! miracle-plays 7 ! beg9n+4 ,_! crudity 0 extreme & _! levity ( ! franke/2 b !y _h /ill1 l ! ,greek plays1 a religi\s excuse & a religi\s backgr\nd4 ,!y 7 n )\t dramatic p[]1 b _! (f5ces aga9/ ta/e & _! dem&s ^u fai? 7 too great = !m to survive ! ,r5aissance4 ,su* plays z ! ,polyeucte ( ,corneille & ! ,devocion de la ,cruz ( ,cald]on1 ) o!r ,spani% plays t might be m5tion$1 are examples ( ,*ri/ian dramas by poets ( culture2 b z a :ole we mu/ say t ,*ri/ianity1 :ile x succe$$ 9 express+ itself 9 pa9t+ & 9 ar*itecture1 fail$ to express itself 9 any adequate drama4 ,:]e ,*ri/ianity 0 /rong1 ! drama ei!r disappe>$ or became secul>2 & x has nev] aga9 dealt ) cosmic !mes successfully1 except 9 su* h&s z ^? ( ,goe! & ,wagn]1 m5 :o ei!r neglect$ ,*ri/ianity altoge!r or us$ x only z an incid5tal ornam5t1 hav+1 z !y say1 transc5d$ x 9 _! philosophy4 ,! fact is1 t art & reflection h nev] be5 able to unite p]fectly ! two elem5ts ( a civilization l ours1 t draws its culture f "o s\rce & its religion f ano!r4 ,mod]n ta/e has ev] be51 & /ill is1 l>gely exotic1 l>gely a revolution 9 fav\r ( some?+ anci5t or =eign4 ,! m cultivat$ a p]iod has be51 ! m :olly x has rev]t$ to antiquity = its inspiration4 ,! exi/5ce ( t complet] _w has haunt$ all m9ds /ruggl+ = self-expression1 & int]f]$1 p]haps1 ) ! natural developm5t ( _! g5ius4 ,! old art :i* !y c\ld n disreg>d di/ract$ !m f ! new ideal1 & prev5t$ !m f embody+ ?is ideal outw>dly2 :ile ! same ideal1 reta9+ _! inw>d allegiance1 made _! revivals ( anci5t =ms artificial & incomplete4 ,! /range idea c\ld ?us ga9 admittance t art 0 n call$ to deal ) ev]y?+2 t its sph]e 0 ! _w ( polite conv5tions4 ,! s]i\s & ! sacr$ ?+s ( life 7 to be left unexpress$ & in>ticulate2 :ile ! arts masqu]ad$ 9 ! =ms ( a ,pagan antiquity1 to :i* a triviality 0 at ! same "t attribut$ :i* 9 fact x _h n possess$4 ,?is un=tunate sep>ation ( exp]i5ce & its arti/ic expression betray$ itself 9 ! inadequacy ( :at 0 beautiful & ! b>b>ism ( :at 0 s9c]e4 ,:5 su* are ! usual conditions ( arti/ic creation1 we ne$ n wond] t ,%akespe>e1 a poet ( ! ,r5aissance1 %\ld h conf9$ 8 repres5tation ( life to its secul> aspects1 & t 8 read]s aft] him %\ld r h m>vell$ at ! v>iety ( ! ?+s ( :i* he %[$ an und]/&+ ?an h tak5 note ( ! "o ?+ he ov]look$4 ,to omit religion 0 aft] all to omit :at 0 n felt to be cong5ial to a poet's m9d4 ,! poet 0 to trace = u ! passionate & romantic embroid]ies ( life2 he 0 to be artful & humane1 & above all he 0 to be delightful4 ,! beauty & *>m ( ?+s _h no?+ any long] to d ) ^? pa9ful my/]ies & cont5tions :i* made ! temp] ( ! pi\s s acrid & sad4 ,9 ,%akespe>e's "t & c\ntry1 to be religi\s already began to mean to be ,puritanical2 & 9 ! divorce betwe5 ! fulness ( life on ! "o h& & ! dep? & unity ( fai? on ! o!r1 !re c\ld be no d\bt to :i* side a man ( imag9ative in/9cts w\ld atta* himself4 ,a _w ( passion & beauty )\t a mean+ mu/ seem to him m int]e/+ & wor?y ?an a _w ( empty pr9ciple & dogma1 meagre1 fanatical1 & false4 ,x 0 beyond ! p[] ( syn!sis possess$ by t age & nation to f9d a pr9ciple ( all passion & a religion ( all life4 ,?is p[] ( syn!sis is inde$ s difficult & r>e t ! attempt to ga9 x is sometimes condemn$ z too philosophical1 & z t5d+ to emb>rass ! critical eye & creative imag9ation ) futile !ories4 ,we might say1 = in/ance1 t ! abs5ce ( religion 9 ,%akespe>e 0 a sign ( 8 good s5se2 t a heal?y in/9ct kept 8 att5tion )9 ! sublun>y _w2 & t he 0 9 t respect sup]ior to ,hom] & to ,dante4 ,=1 :ile !y all[$ _! wisdom to clo! itself 9 fanciful =ms1 he gave u 8 9 its imm$iate tru?1 s t he embodi$ :at !y signifi$4 ,! sup]natural ma*9]y ( _! poems 01 we might say1 an accid5tal incumbrance1 a traditional means ( expression1 :i* !y only half und]/ood1 & :i* made _! repres5tation ( life indirect & p>tly unreal4 ,%akespe>e1 on ! o!r h&1 _h rea*$ 8 poetical majority & indep5d5ce4 ,he r5d]$ human exp]i5ce no long] ?r\gh symbols1 b by direct imag9ative repres5tation4 ,:at ,i h treat$ z a limitation 9 him w\ld1 !n1 appe> z ! maturity ( 8 /r5g?4 ,!re is always a class ( m9ds 9 :om ! spectacle ( hi/ory produces a c]ta9 apa?y ( reason4 ,!y flatt] !mselves t !y c escape defeat by n attempt+ ! highe/ tasks4 ,we ne$ n "h /op to discuss :at value z tru? a philosophical syn!sis may hope to atta91 nor h we to prote/ aga9/ ! /hetic pref]5ce = ! sket* & ! episode ov] a reason$ & unifi$ r5d]+ ( life4 ,suffice x to say t ! human race hi!rto1 :5ev] x has rea*$ a phase ( comp>atively high developm5t & fre$om1 has =m$ a conception ( its place 9 ,nature1 no less ?an ( ! cont5ts ( its life2 & t ?is conception has be5 ! occasion ( religi\s s5tim5ts & practices2 & fur!r1 t e art1 :e!r lit]>y or pla/ic1 has drawn its fav\rite !mes f ?is religi\s sph]e4 ,! poetic imag9ation has n commonly /opp$ %ort ( ! philosophical 9 repres5t+ a sup]human environm5t ( man4 ,%akespe>e1 h[ev]1 is rem>kable among ! great] poets = be+ )\t a philosophy & )\t a religion4 ,9 8 drama !re is no fix$ conception ( any =ces1 natural or moral1 dom9at+ & transc5d+ our mortal en]gies4 ,:e!r ?is *>act]i/ic be reg>d$ z a m]it or z a defect1 its pres5ce _c be d5i$4 ,^? :o ?9k x wise or possible to refra9 f se>*+ = g5]al pr9ciples1 & are satisfi$ ) ! successive empirical appe>ance ( ?+s1 )\t any fai? 9 _! rational cont9uity or complet5ess1 may well see 9 ,%akespe>e _! natural prophet4 ,= he1 too1 has be5 satisfi$ ) ! successive description ( v>i\s passions & ev5ts4 ,8 _w1 l ! e>? be=e ,columbus1 ext5ds 9 an indef9ite plane :i* he is n tempt$ to explore4 ,^? ( u1 h[ev]1 :o believe 9 circumnavigation1 & :o ?9k t bo? human reason & human imag9ation require a c]ta9 totality 9 our views1 & :o feel t ! mo/ important ?+ 9 life is ! lesson ( x1 & its relation to its own ideal1--we c h>dly f9d 9 ,%akespe>e all t ! highe/ poet c\ld give4 ,fulness is n necess>ily :ol5ess1 & ! mo/ pr(use weal? ( *>act]ization seems /ill inadequate z a picture ( exp]i5ce1 if ?is picture is n someh[ se5 f above & r$uc$ to a dramatic unity1--to t unity ( mean+ t c suffuse its endless details ) some?+ ( dignity1 simplicity1 & peace4 ,?is is ! imag9ative p[] f\nd 9 sev]al poets we h m5tion$1--! p[] t gives c]ta9 passages 9 ,lucretius also _! sublimity1 z x gives sublimity to _m passages 9 ! ,bible4 ,= :at is requir$ = !oretic :ol5ess is n ?is or t sy/em b "s sy/em4 ,its value is n ! value ( tru?1 b t ( victori\s imag9ation4 ,unity ( conception is an /hetic m]it no less ?an a logical dem&4 ,a f9e s5se ( ! dignity & pa?os ( life _c be atta9$ unless we conceive someh[ its outcome & its relations4 ,)\t su* a conception our emotions _c be /eadfa/ & enlight5$4 ,)\t x ! imag9ation _c fulfil its ess5tial function or a*ieve its supreme success4 ,%akespe>e himself1 _h x n be5 = ! "t & place 9 :i* he liv$1 :5 religion & imag9ation block$ r ?an help$ ea* o!r1 w\ld p]haps h all[$ m ( a cosmic backgr\nd to appe> beh9d 8 cr[d$ sc5es4 ,if ! ,*ri/ian 9 him 0 n ! real man1 at lea/ ! ,pagan w\ld h spok5 frankly4 ,! mat]ial =ces ( ,nature1 or _! vague embodim5t 9 "s nor!rn pan!on1 w\ld !n h /ood beh9d 8 h]oes4 ,! v>i\s movem5ts ( ev5ts w\ld h appe>$ z incid5ts 9 a l>g] drama to :i* !y _h at lea/ "s symbolic relation4 ,we %\ld h be5 aw$ z well z sadd5$1 & purifi$ z well z pleas$1 by be+ made to feel ! dep5d5ce ( human accid5ts ^u cosmic =ces & _! fat$ evolution4 ,!n we %\ld n h be5 able to say t ,%akespe>e 0 )\t a religion4 ,= ! ef=t ( religion1 says ,goe!1 is to adju/ u to ! inevitable2 ea* religion 9 its way /rives to br+ ab\t ?is consummation4 #a ,& s ab\te f\re ( ! clocke 9 ! aft]noone1 ! ,kynge :5 he saw no app>aunce ( enemies1 caus$ ! retreite to be bl[51 & ga!r+ 8 army togi!r1 gave ?ankes to almightie god = s happy a victory1 caus+ 8 prelates & *aple9es to s+ ?is psalm1 ,9 exitu ,israeli de ,egipto1 & comm&yng e man to kneele d[ne on ! gr\nde at ?is v]se2 ,non nobis1 dom9e1 non nobis1 s$ nom9i tuo da gloriam4 ,:i* done1 he caus$ ,te ,deum1 ) c]ta9 an!ms1 to be song1 giv+ laud praise to god1 & n boa/+ ( 8 owne =ce or any huma9e p[]4 ,,hol9%$4 ,,vii ,,! ,,poetry ,,( ,,b>b>ism ,i ,x is an obs]vation at fir/ sight melan*oly b 9 ! end1 p]haps1 enlight5+1 t ! e>lie/ poets are ! mo/ ideal1 & t primitive ages furni% ! mo/ h]oic *>act]s & h ! cle>e/ vision ( a p]fect life4 ,! ,hom]ic times mu/ h be5 full ( ignorance & suff]+4 ,9 ^? little b>b>ic t[ns1 9 ^? camps & f>ms1 9 ^? %ipy>ds1 !re mu/ h be5 mu* insecurity & sup]/ition4 ,t age 0 s+ul>ly poor 9 all t conc]ns ! conv5i5ce ( life & ! ent]ta9m5t ( ! m9d ) arts & sci5ces4 ,yet x _h a s5se = civilization4 ,t ma*9]y ( life :i* m5 7 beg9n+ to devise appeal$ to !m z poetical2 !y knew its ultimate ju/ification & /udi$ its incipi5t processes ) delight4 ,! poetry ( t simple & ignorant age 01 accord+ly1 ! sweete/ & sane/ t ! _w has kn[n2 ! mo/ faultless 9 ta/e1 & ! mo/ ev5 & l(ty 9 inspiration4 ,)\t lack+ v>iety & homel9ess1 x ba!d all ?+s human 9 ! gold5 light ( morn+2 x clo!d sorr[ 9 a k9d ( maje/y1 in/9ct ) bo? self-control & h]oic frankness4 ,n[h]e else c we f9d s noble a r5d]+ ( human nature1 s spontane\s a delight 9 life1 s uncompromis+ a d$ication to beauty1 & su* a gift ( see+ beauty 9 ev]y?+4 ,hom]1 ! fir/ ( poets1 0 also ! be/ & ! mo/ poetical4 ,f ?is beg9n+1 if we look d[n ! hi/ory ( ,occid5tal lit]ature1 we see ! p[] ( idealization /eadily decl9e4 ,= :ile x f9ds "h & !re1 z 9 ,dante1 a m spiritual !me & a subtl] & rip] intellect1 x pays = t advantage by a m ?an equival5t loss 9 bread?1 sanity1 & happy vig\r4 ,& if ev] imag9ation bur/s out ) a great] pot5cy1 z 9 ,%akespe>e 7:o excels ! patri>* ( poetry 9 dep? ( passion & vividness ( *>act]ization1 & 9 ^? exquisite bubbl+s ( poetry & hum\r 9 :i* ,engli% g5ius is at its be/71 yet ,%akespe>e also pays ! price by a notable loss 9 ta/e1 9 su/a9$ inspiration1 9 consecration1 & 9 rationality4 ,!re is m or less rubbi% 9 8 greate/ works4 ,:5 we come d[n to our own day we f9d poets ( h>dly less natural end[m5t 7= 9 end[m5t all ages are p]haps alike7 & ) va/ly ri*] s\rces ( inspiration2 = !y h _m arts & lit]atures beh9d !m1 ) ! spectacle ( a v>i$ & agitat$ society1 a _w :i* is ! liv+ microcosm ( its own hi/ory & pres5ts 9 "o picture _m races1 arts1 & religions4 ,our poets h m wond]ful trag$ies ( ! imag9ation to depict ?an _h ,hom]1 ^: _w 0 innoc5t ( any ess5tial defeat1 or ,dante1 :o believ$ 9 ! _w's def9itive r$emption4 ,or1 if p]haps _! inspiration is comic1 !y h ! pageant ( m$ival mann]s1 ) its picturesque artifices & passionate fancies1 & ! long com$y ( mod]n social revolutions1 s illusory 9 _! aims & s productive 9 _! aimlessness4 ,!y h1 moreov]1 ! new & m>vell\s conception :i* natural sci5ce has giv5 u ( ! _w & ( ! conditions ( human progress4 ,) all ^! lessons ( exp]i5ce beh9d !m1 h[ev]1 we f9d our contempor>y poets incapable ( any high wisdom1 incapable ( any imag9ative r5d]+ ( human life & its mean+4 ,our poets are ?+s ( %r$s & pat*es2 !y give u episodes & /udies1 a sket* ( ?is curiosity1 a glimpse ( t romance2 !y h no total vision1 no grasp ( ! :ole reality1 & consequ5tly no capacity = a sane & /eady idealization4 ,! comp>atively b>b>\s ages _h a poetry ( ! ideal2 !y _h visions ( beauty1 ord]1 & p]fection4 ,?is age ( mat]ial elaboration has no s5se = ^? ?+s4 ,its fancy is retrospective1 :imsical1 & flick]+2 its ideals1 :5 x has any1 are negative & p>tial2 its moral /r5g? is a bl9d & miscellane\s vehem5ce4 ,its poetry1 9 a ^w1 is ! poetry ( b>b>ism4 ,?is poetry %\ld be view$ 9 relation to ! g5]al moral crisis & imag9ative dis9tegration ( :i* x gives a v]bal e*o2 !n we %all avoid ! inju/ice ( pass+ x ov] z insignificant1 no less ?an ! imbecility ( hail+ x z ess5tially glori\s & successful4 ,we mu/ rememb] t ! imag9ation ( our race has be5 subject to a d\ble discipl9e4 ,x has be5 =m$ p>tly 9 ! s*ool ( classic lit]ature & polity1 & p>tly 9 ! s*ool ( ,*ri/ian piety4 ,?is duality ( inspiration1 ?is contradiction betwe5 ! two accept$ me?ods ( rationaliz+ ! _w1 has be5 a *ief s\rce ( t incoh]5ce1 t romantic indi/9ctness & imp]fection1 :i* l>gely *>act]ize ! products ( ! mod]n arts4 ,a ma9 _c s]ve two ma/]s2 yet ! conditions h n be5 su* z to all[ him :olly to despise ! "o or :olly to obey ! o!r4 ,to be :olly ,pagan is impossible aft] ! dissolution ( t civilization :i* _h seem$ univ]sal1 & t empire :i* _h believ$ itself et]nal4 ,to be :olly ,*ri/ian is impossible = a simil> reason1 n[ t ! illusion & cohesion ( ,*ri/ian ages is lo/1 & = ! fur!r reason t ,*ri/ianity 0 itself fundam5tally eclectic4 ,be=e x c\ld succe$ & dom9ate m5 ev5 = a "t1 x 0 oblig$ to adju/ itself to reality1 to incorporate _m elem5ts ( ,pagan wisdom1 & to accommodate itself to _m habits & passions at v>iance ) its own ideal4 ,9 ^! latt] times1 ) ! prodigi\s gr[? ( mat]ial life 9 elaboration & ( m5tal life 9 diffusion1 !re has sup]v5$ ^u ?is old dualism a new fai? 9 man's absolute p[]1 a k9d ( return to ! inexp]i5ce & self-assurance ( y\?4 ,?is new inspiration has made _m m9ds indiff]5t to ! two traditional discipl9es #e nei!r is s]i\sly accept$ by !m1 = ! reason1 excell5t f _! own po9t ( view1 t no discipl9e :atev] is ne$$4 ,! memory ( anci5t disillusions has fad$ ) "t4 ,ignorance ( ! pa/ has br$ contempt = ! lessons :i* ! pa/ might tea*4 ,m5 pref] to repeat ! old exp]im5t )\t kn[+ t !y repeat x4 ,i say advis$ly ignorance ( ! pa/1 9 spite ( ! unprec$5t$ hi/orical erudition ( our "t = life is an art n to be le>n$ by obs]vation1 & ! mo/ m9ute & compreh5sive /udies d n tea* u :at ! _s ( man %\ld h le>n$ by its long liv+4 ,we /udy ! pa/ z a dead object1 z a ru91 n z an au?ority & z an exp]im5t4 ,"o reason :y hi/ory 0 less int]e/+ to =m] ages 0 t !y 7 less consci\s ( sep>ation f ! pa/4 ,! p]spective ( "t 0 less cle> because ! syn!sis ( exp]i5ce 0 m complete4 ,! m9d does n easily discrim9ate ! successive phases ( an action 9 :i* x is /ill engag$2 x does n arrange 9 a temporal s]ies ! elem5ts ( a s+le p]ception1 b posits !m all toge!r z con/itut+ a p]man5t & real object4 ,human nature & ! life ( ! _w 7 real & /able objects to ! appreh5sion ( our =e-fa!rs 2 ! actors *ang$1 b n ! *>act]s or ! play4 ,m5 7 !n less /udi\s ( d]ivations because !y 7 m consci\s ( id5tities4 ,!y ?\ght ( all reality z 9 a s5se contempor>y1 & 9 consid]+ ! maxims ( a philosoph] or ! /yle ( a poet1 !y 7 n prim>ily conc]n$ ) settl+ 8 date & describ+ 8 environm5t4 ,! /&>d by :i* !y judg$ 0 et]nal2 ! environm5t 9 :i* man f\nd himself did n seem to !m subject ( any ess5tial *ange4 ,to u ! picturesque elem5t 9 hi/ory is m /rik+ because we feel ourselves ! *ildr5 ( our own age only1 an age :i* be+ itself s+ul> & revolution>y1 t5ds to read its own "* into ! pa/1 & to reg>d all o!r p]iods z no less fragm5t>y & eff]vesc5t ?an itself4 ,! *ang+ & ! p]man5t elem5ts are1 inde$1 ev]y:]e pres5t1 & ! bias ( ! obs]v] may emphasize ! "o or ! o!r z x w3 ! only "q is :e!r we f9d ! significance ( ?+s 9 _! v>iations or 9 _! simil>ities4 ,n[ ! habit ( reg>d+ ! pa/ z effete & z m]ely a /epp+-/one to some?+ pres5t or future1 is unfav\rable to any true appreh5sion ( t elem5t 9 ! pa/ :i* 0 vital & :i* rema9s et]nal4 ,x is a habit ( ?\ght t de/roys ! s5se ( ! moral id5tity ( all ages1 by virtue ( its v insi/5ce on ! me*anical d]ivation ( "o age f ano!r4 ,exi/5ces t cause "o ano!r exclude "o ano!r2 ea* is ali5 to ! re/ inasmu* z x is ! product ( new & diff]5t conditions4 ,ideas t cause no?+ unite all ?+s by giv+ !m a common po9t ( ref]5ce & a s+le /&>d ( value4 ,! classic & ! ,*ri/ian sy/ems 7 bo? sy/ems ( ideas1 attempts to seize ! et]nal morphology ( reality & describe its un*ang+ con/itution4 ,! imag9ation 0 summon$ !reby to contemplate ! highe/ objects1 & ! ess5ce ( ?+s be+ ?us describ$1 _! insignificant v>iations c\ld reta9 little importance & ! /udy ( ^! v>iations might well seem sup]ficial4 ,me*anical sci5ce1 ! sci5ce ( causes1 0 accord+ly neglect$1 :ile ! sci5ce ( values1 ) ! arts t express ^! values1 0 exclusively pursu$4 ,! rev]se has n[ occurr$ & ! _s ( life1 innoc5t ( any rationaliz+ discipl9e & depriv$ ( an au?oritative & adequate me?od ( expression1 has relaps$ into miscellane\s & %all[ exub]ance4 ,religion & art h become %ort-w9d$4 ,!y h =gott5 ! old maxim t we %\ld copy 9 ord] to be copi$ & rememb] 9 ord] to be rememb]$4 ,x is true t ! multiplicity ( ^! incompet5t ef=ts seems to _m a comp5sation = _! ill success1 or ev5 a gr\nd = ass]t+ _! absolute sup]iority4 ,incompet5ce1 :5 x flatt]s ! passions1 c always f9d a great] incompet5ce to approve ( x4 ,inde$1 "s p w\ld h reg>d$ ! ,t[] ( ,babel z ! be/ academy ( eloqu5ce on acc\nt ( ! v>iety ( oratorical me?ods prevail+ !re4 ,x is ?us t ! imag9ation ( our "t has relaps$ into b>b>ism4 ,b discipl9e ( ! he>t & fancy is always s r>e a ?+ t ! neglect ( x ne$ n be suppos$ to involve any v t]rible or obvi\s loss4 ,! triumphs ( reason h be5 few & p>tial at any "t1 & p]fect works ( art are almo/ unkn[n4 ,! failure ( art & reason1 because _! pr9ciple is ignor$1 is !re=e h>dly m conspicu\s ?an x 0 :5 _! pr9ciple1 al?\gh p]haps ackn[l$g$1 0 misund]/ood or disobey$4 ,inde$1 to "o :o fixes 8 eye on ! ideal goal1 ! greate/ art (t5 seems ! greate/ failure1 because x alone rem9ds him ( :at x %\ld h be54 ,trivial /imulations com+ f vulg> objects1 on ! contr>y1 by mak+ u =get altoge!r ! possibility ( a deep satisfaction1 (t5 succe$ 9 int]e/+ & 9 w9n+ applause4 ,! pleasure !y give u is s brief & sup]ficial t ! wave ( ess5tial disappo9tm5t :i* w\ld ultimately dr[n x has n "t to rise f ! he>t4 ,! poetry ( b>b>ism is n )\t its *>m4 ,x c play ) s5se & passion ! m readily & freely 9 t x does n aspire to subord9ate !m to a cle> ?\ght or a t5able attitude ( ! w4 ,x c imp>t ! transitive emotions :i* x expresses2 x c f9d _m p>tial h>monies ( mood & fancy2 x c1 by virtue ( its r$-hot irrationality1 utt] wild] cries1 surr5d] itself & u to m absolute passion1 & heap up a m indiscrim9ate weal? ( images ?an belong to poets ( season$ exp]i5ce or ( heav5ly inspiration4 ,irrational /imulation may tire u 9 ! end1 b x excites u 9 ! beg9n+2 & h[ _m conv5tional poets1 t5d] & prolix1 h !re n be51 :o tire u n[ )\t ev] hav+ excit$ anybody8 ,! p[] to /imulate is ! beg9n+ ( greatness1 & :5 ! b>b>\s poet has g5ius1 z he well may h1 he /imulates all ! m p[]fully on acc\nt ( ! crudity ( 8 me?ods & ! recklessness ( 8 emotions4 ,! defects ( su* art--lack ( di/9ction1 abs5ce ( beauty1 confusion ( ideas1 incapacity p]man5tly to please--w h>dly be felt by ! contempor>y public1 if once its att5tion is arre/$2 = no poet is s undiscipl9$ t he w n f9d _m read]s1 if he f9ds read]s at all1 less discipl9$ ?an himself4 ,^! consid]ations may p]haps be be/ en=c$ by apply+ !m to two writ]s ( great influ5ce ov] ! pres5t g5]ation :o seem to illu/rate !m on diff]5t planes--,rob]t ,br[n+ & ,walt ,:itman4 ,!y are bo? analytic poets--poets :o seek to reveal & express ! elem5tal z oppos$ to ! conv5tional2 b ! dissolution has progress$ mu* f>!r 9 ,:itman ?an 9 ,br[n+1 d\btless because ,:itman began at a mu* l[] /age ( moral & intellectual organization2 = ! good w to be radical 0 pres5t 9 bo?4 ,! elem5ts to :i* ,br[n+ r$uces exp]i5ce are /ill passions1 *>act]s1 p]sons2 ,:itman c>ries ! dis9tegration fur!r & kn[s no?+ b moods & p>ticul> images4 ,! _w ( ,br[n+ is a _w ( hi/ory ) civilization = its sett+ & ) ! conv5tional passions = its motive =ces4 ,! _w ( ,:itman is innoc5t ( ^! ?+s & conta9s only f> simpl] & m *aotic elem5ts4 ,9 him ! b>b>ism is mu* m pron\nc$2 x is1 inde$1 av[$1 & ! b>b>ic yawp is s5t ov] ! ro(s ( ! _w 9 full consci\sness ( its in>ticulate "*2 b 9 ,br[n+ ! b>b>ism is no less real ?\gh disguis$ by a lit]>y & sci5tific language1 s9ce ! passions ( civiliz$ life ) :i* he deals are treat$ z s _m b>b>ic yawps1 complex inde$ 9 _! conditions1 puff+s ( an intricate eng9e1 b aimless 9 _! vehem5ce & m]e ebullitions ( lu/9ess 9 adv5tur\s & pr(\ndly ungov]n$ s\ls4 ,irrationality on ?is level is view$ by ,br[n+ ) ! same satisfaction ) :i*1 on a l[] level1 x is view$ by ,:itman2 & ! admir]s ( ea* hail x z ! secret ( a new poetry :i* pi]ces to ! quick & awak5s ! imag9ation to a new & g5u9e vitality4 ,x is 9 ! rebellion aga9/ discipl9e1 9 ! ab&onm5t ( ! ideals ( classic & ,*ri/ian tradition1 t ?is rejuv5ation is f\nd4 ,bo? poets repres5t1 !re=e1 & are admir$ = repres5t+1 :at may be call$ ! poetry ( b>b>ism 9 ! mo/ accurate & descriptive s5se ( ?is ^w4 ,= ! b>b>ian is ! man :o reg>ds 8 passions z _! own excuse = be+2 :o does n dome/icate !m ei!r by und]/&+ _! cause or by conceiv+ _! ideal goal4 ,he is ! man :o does n "k 8 d]ivations nor p]ceive 8 t5d5cies1 b :o m]ely feels & acts1 valu+ 9 8 life its =ce & its fill+1 b be+ c>eless ( its purpose & its =m4 ,8 delight is 9 abundance & vehem5ce2 8 art1 l 8 life1 %[s an exclusive respect = quantity & spl5d\r ( mat]ials4 ,8 scorn = :at is poor] & weak] ?an himself is only surpass$ by 8 ignorance ( :at is high]4 ,,ii ,,walt ,,:itman ,! works ( ,walt ,:itman (f] an extreme illu/ration ( ?is phase ( g5ius1 bo? by _! =m1 & by _! sub/ance4 ,x 0 ! s+ul>ity ( 8 lit]>y =m--! *all5ge x ?rew to ! conv5tions ( v]se & ( language--t fir/ gave ,:itman notoriety3 b ?is notoriety has become fame1 because ^? incapacities & solecisms :i* gl>e at u f 8 pages are only ! obv]se ( a pr(\nd inspiration & ( a g5u9e c\rage4 ,ev5 ! idiosyncrasies ( 8 /yle h a side :i* is n m]e p]v]sity or affectation2 ! ord] ( 8 words1 ! procession ( 8 images1 reproduce ! me?od ( a ri*1 spontane\s1 absolutely lazy fancy4 ,9 mo/ poets su* a natural ord] is modifi$ by v>i\s gov]n+ motives--! ?\ght1 ! metrical =m1 ! e*o ( o!r poems 9 ! memory4 ,by ,walt ,:itman ^! conv5tional influ5ces are resolutely bani%$4 ,we f9d ! sw>ms ( m5 & objects r5d]$ z !y might /rike ! ret9a 9 a sort ( wak+ dream4 ,x is ! mo/ s9c]e possible confession ( ! l[e/--,i mean ! mo/ primitive--type ( p]ception4 ,all anci5t poets are sophi/icat$ 9 comp>ison & give pro( ( long] intellectual & moral tra9+4 ,walt ,:itman has gone back to ! innoc5t /yle ( ,adam1 :5 ! animals fil$ be=e him "o by "o & he call$ ea* ( !m by its "n4 ,9 fact1 ! influ5ces to :i* ,walt ,:itman 0 subject 7 z fav\rable z possible to ! imag9>y exp]im5t ( beg9n+ ! _w ov] aga94 ,lib]alism & transc5d5talism bo? h>b\r$ "s illusions on t score2 & !y 7 9 ! air :i* our poet brea!d4 ,moreov] he brea!d ?is air 9 ,am]ica1 :]e ! newness ( ! mat]ial environm5t made x easi] to ignore ! fatal antiquity ( human nature4 ,:5 he aft]w>d became aw>e t !re 0 or _h be5 a _w ) a hi/ory1 he /udi$ t _w ) curiosity & spoke ( x n )\t a c]ta9 %rewdness4 ,b he /ill reg>d$ x z a =eign _w & imag9$1 z n a few ,am]icans h done1 t 8 own _w 0 a fre% creation1 n am5able to ! same laws z ! old4 ,! diff]5ce 9 ! conditions bl9d$ him1 9 8 m]ely s5su\s appreh5sion1 to ! id5tity ( ! pr9ciples4 ,8 p>5ts 7 f>m]s 9 c5tral ,long ,isl& & 8 e>ly ye>s 7 sp5t 9 t di/rict4 ,! family seems to h be5 n too prosp]\s & some:at nomadic2 ,:itman himself drift$ ?r\gh boyhood )\t mu* guidance4 ,we f9d him n[ at s*ool1 n[ help+ ! lab\r]s at ! f>ms1 n[ w&]+ along ! bea*es ( ,long ,isl&1 f9ally at ,brooklyn work+ 9 an app>5tly desultory way z a pr9t] & sometimes z a writ] = a local newspap]4 ,he mu/ h read or he>d some?+1 at ?is e>ly p]iod1 ( ! ,engli% classics2 8 /yle (t5 betrays ! deep effect made ^u him by ! gr&iloqu5ce ( ! ,bible1 ( ,%akespe>e1 & ( ,milton4 ,b 8 *ief int]e/1 if we may tru/ 8 acc\nt1 0 already 9 8 own s5sations4 ,! aspects ( ,nature1 ! =ms & habits ( animals1 ! sights ( cities1 ! movem5t & talk ( common p1 7 8 con/ant delight4 ,8 m9d 0 flood$ ) ^! images1 ke5ly felt & aft]w>d to be vividly r5d]$ ) bold /rokes ( realism & imag9ation4 ,_m poets h _h ?is faculty to seize ! elem5t>y aspects ( ?+s1 b none has _h x s exclusively2 ) ,:itman ! surface is absolutely all & ! und]ly+ /ructure is )\t int]e/ & almo/ )\t exi/5ce4 ,he _h _h no education & 8 natural delight 9 imbib+ s5sations _h n be5 tra9$ to ! uses ( practical or !oretical intellig5ce4 ,he bask$ 9 ! sun%9e ( p]ception & wall[$ 9 ! /ream ( 8 own s5sibility1 z lat] at ,camd5 9 ! %all[s ( 8 fav\rite brook4 ,ev5 dur+ ! civil w>1 :5 he he>d ! drum-taps s cle>ly1 he c\ld only gaze at ! picturesque & t]rible aspects ( ! /ruggle1 & l+] among ! w\nd$ day aft] day ) a can9e devotion2 he c\ld n be ar\s$ ei!r to cle> ?\ght or to positive action4 ,s also 9 8 poems2 a multiplicity ( images pass be=e him & he yields himself to ea* 9 turn ) absolute passivity4 ,! _w has no inside2 x is a phantasmagoria ( cont9u\s visions1 vivid1 impressive1 b monoton\s & h>d to di/+ui% 9 memory1 l ! waves ( ! sea or ! decorations ( "s b>b>\s temple1 sublime only by ! inf9ite aggregation ( p>ts4 ,?is abundance ( detail )\t organization1 ?is weal? ( p]ception )\t intellig5ce & ( imag9ation )\t ta/e1 makes ! s+ul>ity ( ,:itman's g5ius4 ,full ( sympa?y & receptivity1 ) a wond]ful gift ( graphic *>act]ization & an occasional r>e gr&eur ( diction1 he fills u ) a s5se ( ! individuality & ! univ]sality ( :at he describes--x is a drop 9 itself yet a drop 9 ! ocean4 ,! abs5ce ( any pr9ciple ( selection or ( a su/a9$ /yle enables him to r5d] aspects ( ?+s & ( emotion :i* w\ld h elud$ a tra9$ writ]4 ,he is1 !re=e1 int]e/+ ev5 :]e he is grotesque or p]v]se4 ,he has accompli%$1 by ! sacrifice ( almo/ e o!r good quality1 some?+ nev] s well done be=e4 ,he has approa*$ common life )\t br++ 9 8 m9d any high] /&>d by :i* to criticise x2 he has se5 x1 n 9 contra/ ) an ideal1 b z ! expression ( =ces m indet]m9ate & elem5t>y ?an itself2 & ! vulg>1 9 ?is cosmic sett+1 has appe>$ to him sublime4 ,!re is cle>ly "s analogy betwe5 a mass ( images )\t /ructure & ! notion ( an absolute democracy4 ,:itman1 incl9$ by 8 g5ius & habits to see life )\t relief or organization1 believ$ t 8 incl9ation 9 ?is respect correspond$ ) ! _s ( 8 age & c\ntry1 & t ,nature & society1 at lea/ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 7 con/itut$ aft] ! fa%ion ( 8 own m9d4 ,be+ ! poet ( ! av]age man1 he wi%$1 all m5 to be specim5s ( t av]age1 & be+ ! poet ( a fluid ,nature1 he believ$ t ,nature 0 or %\ld be a =mless flux4 ,?is p]sonal bias ( ,:itman's 0 fur!r enc\rag$ by ! actual abs5ce ( di/9ction 9 8 imm$iate environm5t4 ,surr\nd$ by ugly ?+s & common p1 he felt himself happy1 ec/atic1 ov]fl[+ ) a k9d ( patri>*al love4 ,he accord+ly came to ?9k t !re 0 a _s ( ! ,new ,_w :i* he embodi$1 & :i* 0 9 complete opposition to t ( ! ,old1 & t a lit]ature ^u novel pr9ciples 0 ne$$ to express & /r5g!n ?is ,am]ican _s4 ,democracy 0 n to be m]ely a con/itutional device = ! bett] gov]nm5t ( giv5 nations1 n m]ely a movem5t = ! mat]ial improvem5t ( ! lot ( ! poor] classes4 ,x 0 to be a social & a moral democracy & to involve an actual equality among all m54 ,:atev] kept !m ap>t & made x impossible = !m to be messmates toge!r 0 to be disc>d$4 ,! lit]ature ( democracy 0 to ignore all extraord9>y gifts ( g5ius or virtue1 all di/9ction drawn ev5 f great passions or romantic adv5tures4 ,9 ,:itman's works1 9 :i* ?is new lit]ature is =e%ad[$1 !re is accord+ly n a s+le "* nor a s+le /ory4 ,8 only h]o is ,myself1 ! s+le sep>ate p]son1 end[$ ) ! prim>y impulses1 ) heal?1 & ) s5sitiv5ess to ! elem5t>y aspects ( ,nature4 ,! p]fect man ( ! future1 ! prolific begett] ( o!r p]fect m51 is to "w ) 8 h&s1 *ant+ ! poems ( "s future ,walt1 "s ideally democratic b>d4 ,wom5 are to h z ne>ly z possible ! same "* z m53 ! emphasis is to pass f family life & local ties to ! fri5d%ip ( comrades & ! g5]al bro!rhood ( man4 ,m5 are to be vigor\s1 com=table1 s5tim5tal1 & irresponsible4 ,?is dream is1 ( c\rse1 unrealiz$ & unrealizable1 9 ,am]ica z else:]e4 ,und5iably !re are 9 ,am]ica _m sugge/ions ( su* a society & su* a national "*4 ,b ! gr[+ complexity & fixity ( in/itutions necess>ily t5ds to obscure ^! traits ( a primitive & crude democracy4 ,:at ,:itman seiz$ ^u z ! promise ( ! future 0 9 reality ! survival ( ! pa/4 ,he s+s ! song ( pione]s1 b x is 9 ! nature ( ! pione] t ! great] 8 success ! quick] mu/ be 8 trans=mation into some?+ diff]5t4 ,:5 ,:itman made ! initial & amorph\s phase ( society 8 ideal1 he became ! prophet ( a lo/ cause4 ,t cause 0 lo/1 n m]ely :5 weal? & intellig5ce began to take %ape 9 ! ,am]ican ,commonweal?1 b x 0 lo/ at ! v f\ndation ( ! _w1 :5 ^? laws ( evolution 7 e/abli%$ :i* ,:itman1 l ,r\sseau1 fail$ to und]/&4 ,if we may tru/ ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 ^! laws involve a passage f ! homog5e\s to ! het]og5e\s1 & a con/ant progress at once 9 diff]5tiation & 9 organization--all1 9 a ^w1 t ,:itman sy/ematically deprecat$ or ignor$4 ,he is surely n ! spokesman ( ! t5d5cies ( 8 c\ntry1 al?\gh he describes "s aspects ( its pa/ & pres5t condition3 nor does he appeal to ^? :om he describes1 b r to ! dilettanti he despises4 ,he is reg>d$ z repres5tative *iefly by =eign]s1 :o look = "s grotesque expression ( ! g5ius ( s "y & prodigi\s a p4 ,:itman1 x is true1 lov$ & compreh5d$ m52 b ?is love & compreh5sion _h ! same limits z 8 love & compreh5sion ( ,nature4 ,he obs]v$ truly & respond$ to 8 obs]vation ) g5u9e & p]vasive emotion4 ,a great greg>i\sness1 an innoc5t tol]ance ( moral weakness1 a g5u9e admiration = bodily heal? & /r5g?1 made him bubble ov] ) affection = ! g5]ic human creature4 ,incapable ( an ideal passion1 he 0 full ( ! milk ( human k9dness4 ,yet1 = all 8 acqua9tance ) ! ways & ?\ghts ( ! common man ( 8 *oice1 he did n truly und]/& him4 ,= to und]/& p is to g mu* deep] ?an !y g !mselves2 to p5etrate to _! *>act]s & dis5tangle _! inmo/ ideals4 ,:itman's insight into man did n g beyond a s5su\s sympa?y2 x consi/$ 9 a vic>i\s satisfaction 9 _! pleasures1 & an in/9ctive love ( _! p]sons4 ,x nev] approa*$ a sci5tific or imag9ative k ( _! he>ts4 ,!re=e ,:itman fail$ radically 9 8 de>e/ ambition3 he c nev] be a poet ( ! p4 ,= ! p1 l ! e>ly races ^: poetry 0 ideal1 are natural believ]s 9 p]fection4 ,!y h no d\bts ab\t ! absolute desirability ( weal? & le>n+ & p[]1 none ab\t ! wor? ( pure goodness & pure love4 ,_! *os5 poets1 if !y h any1 w be always ^? :o h kn[n h[ to pa9t ^! ideals 9 lively ev5 if 9 gaudy col\rs4 ,no?+ is f>!r f ! common p ?an ! corrupt desire to be primitive4 ,!y in/9ctively look t[>d a m exalt$ life1 :i* !y imag9e to be full ( di/9ction & pleasure1 & ! idea ( t bright] exi/5ce fills !m ) hope or ) envy or ) humble admiration4 ,if ! p are ev] won ov] to ho/ility to su* ideals1 x is only because !y are *eat$ by demagogues :o tell !m t if all ! fl[]s ( civilization 7 de/roy$ its fruits w\ld become m abundant4 ,a great] %>e ( happ9ess1 p ?9k1 w\ld fall to _! lot c\ld !y de/roy ev]y?+ beyond _! own possible possessions4 ,b !y are made ?us envi\s & ignoble only by a deception3 :at !y really desire is an ideal good = !mselves :i* !y are told !y may secure by depriv+ o!rs ( _! preem95ce4 ,_! hope is always to enjoy p]fect satisfaction !mselves2 & !re=e a poet :o loves ! picturesque aspects ( lab\r & vagrancy w h>dly be ! poet ( ! poor4 ,he may h describ$ _! figure & occupation1 9 nei!r ( :i* !y are mu* int]e/$2 he w n h read _! s\ls4 ,!y w pref] to him any s5tim5tal /ory-tell]1 any s5sational dramati/1 any moraliz+ poet2 = !y are h]o-wor%ipp]s by temp]am5t1 & are too wise or too un=tunate to be mu* enam\r$ ( !mselves or ( ! conditions ( _! exi/5ce4 ,=tunately1 ! political !ory t makes ,:itman's pr9ciple ( lit]>y prophecy & criticism does n always inspire 8 *ants1 nor is x pres5t$1 ev5 9 8 prose works1 q b>e & unadorn$4 ,9 ,democratic ,vi/as we f9d x clo!d ) some?+ ( ! same poetic passion & light$ up ) ! same fla%es ( intuition :i* we admire 9 ! poems4 ,ev5 !re ! temp]am5t is f9] ?an ! ideas & ! poet wis] ?an ! ?9k]4 ,8 ultimate appeal is really to some?+ m primitive & g5]al ?an any social aspirations1 to some?+ m elem5t>y ?an an ideal ( any k9d4 ,he speaks to ^? m9ds & to ^? moods 9 :i* s5suality is t\*$ ) my/icism4 ,:5 ! intellect is 9 abeyance1 :5 we w\ld turn & live ) ! animals1 !y are s placid & self-conta9$1 :5 we are we>y ( consci5ce & ( ambition1 & w\ld yield ourselves = a :ile to ! dream ( s5se1 ,walt ,:itman is a welcome companion4 ,! images he ar\ses 9 u1 fre%1 full ( light & heal? & ( a k9d ( frankness & beauty1 are priz$ all ! m at su* a "t because !y are n *oice1 b drawn p]haps f a hide\s & sordid environm5t4 ,= ?is circum/ance makes !m a bett] means ( escape f conv5tion & f t fatigue & despair :i* lurk n f> b5ea? ! surface ( conv5tional life4 ,9 ca/+ (f ) self-assurance & a s5se ( fre% vitality ! di/9ctions ( tradition & reason a man may feel1 z he s9ks back com=tably to a l[] level ( s5se & in/9ct1 t he is return+ to ,nature or escap+ into ! inf9ite4 ,my/icism makes u pr\d & happy to r5\nce ! "w ( intellig5ce1 bo? 9 ?\ght & 9 life1 & p]suades u t we become div9e by rema9+ imp]fectly human4 ,walt ,:itman gives a new expression to ?is anci5t & multi=m t5d5cy4 ,he feels 8 own cosmic ju/ification & he w\ld l5d ! sanction ( 8 inspiration to all loaf]s & holiday-mak]s4 ,he w\ld be ! cong5ial patron ( f>m]s & factory h&s 9 _! crude pleasures & pieties1 z ,pan 0 ! patron ( ! %eph]ds ( ,arcadia3 = he is sure t 9 spite ( 8 hair9ess & animality1 ! gods w ackn[l$ge him z "o ( !mselves & smile ^u him f ! s]5ity ( ,olympus4 ,,iii ,,rob]t ,,br[n+ ,if we w\ld d ju/ice to ,br[n+'s "w z a human docum5t1 & at ! same "t p]ceive its relation to ! rational ideals ( ! imag9ation & to t poetry :i* passes into religion1 we mu/ keep1 z 9 ! case ( ,:itman1 two ?+s 9 m9d4 ,"o is ! g5u95ess ( ! a*ievem5t1 ! /]l+ quality ( ! vision & inspiration2 ^! are _! own ju/ification :5 we approa* !m f bel[ & reg>d !m z manife/+ a m direct or impassion$ grasp ( exp]i5ce ?an is giv5 to mildly blatant1 conv5tion-ridd5 m9ds4 ,! o!r ?+ to rememb] is ! %ort di/ance to :i* ?is compreh5sion is c>ri$1 its failure to approa* any f9ality1 or to a*ieve a recognition ev5 ( ! traditional ideals ( poetry & religion4 ,9 ! case ( ,walt ,:itman su* a failure w be g5]ally felt2 x is obvi\s t bo? 8 music & 8 philosophy are ^? ( a b>b>ian1 nay1 almo/ ( a savage4 ,accord+ly !re is ne$ ( dwell+ r on ! v]acity & simple dignity ( 8 ?\ght & art1 on _! expression ( an ord] ( ideas lat5t 9 all bett] exp]i5ce4 ,b 9 ! case ( ,br[n+ x is ! success t is obvi\s to mo/ p4 ,ap>t f a c]ta9 sup]ficial grotesqu5ess to :i* we are soon accu/om$1 he easily ar\ses & engages ! read] by ! pi?9ess ( 8 phrase1 ! volume ( 8 passion1 ! vig\r ( 8 moral judgm5t1 ! livel9ess ( 8 hi/orical fancy4 ,x is obvi\s t we are 9 ! pres5ce ( a great writ]1 ( a great imag9ative =ce1 ( a ma/] 9 ! expression ( emotion4 ,:at is p]haps n s obvi\s1 b no less true1 is t we are 9 ! pres5ce ( a b>b>ic g5ius1 ( a truncat$ imag9ation1 ( a ?\ght & an art in*oate & ill-dige/$1 ( a volcanic eruption t tosses itself q bl9dly & ineffectually into ! sky4 ,! po9ts ( comp>ison by :i* ?is becomes cle> are p]haps n 9 e "o's m9d1 al?\gh !y are m]ely ! elem5ts ( traditional culture1 /hetic & moral4 ,yet ev5 )\t ref]5ce to ultimate ideals1 "o may notice 9 ,br[n+ _m sup]ficial signs ( t deepe/ ( all failures1 ! failure 9 rationality & ! indiff]5ce to p]fection4 ,su* a sign is ! turgid /yle1 weighty )\t nobility1 po9t$ )\t naturalness or precision4 ,ano!r sign is ! realism ( ! p]sonages1 :o1 q l m5 & wom5 9 actual life1 are always display+ traits ( "* & nev] atta9+ "* z a :ole4 ,o!r h9ts might be f\nd 9 ! /ructure ( ! poems1 :]e ! dramatic sub/ance does n a*ieve a dramatic =m2 9 ! metaphysical discussion1 ) its confus$ prolixity & abs5ce ( result2 9 ! moral ideal1 :]e all en]gies figure )\t _! ultimate purposes2 9 ! religion1 :i* breaks (f ! expression ( ?is life 9 ! middle1 & f9ds 9 t susp5se an argum5t = immortality4 ,9 all ?is1 & mu* m t might be recall$1 a p]son com+ to ,br[n+ ) ! habits ( a cultivat$ m9d might see evid5ce ( "s pr(\nd incapacity 9 ! poet2 b m c>eful reflection is necess>y to und]/& ! nature ( ?is incapacity1 its cause1 & ! peculi> acc5t :i* its pres5ce gives to ^? ideas & impulses :i* ,br[n+ /imulates 9 u4 ,!re is ! m reason = develop+ ?is criticism 7:i* might seem ne$lessly ho/ile & :i* "t & po/]ity w d\btless make 9 _! own quiet & decisive fa%ion7 9 t ,br[n+ did n keep )9 ! sph]e ( drama & analysis1 :]e he 0 /rong1 b all[$ 8 own temp]am5t & op9ions to vitiate 8 repres5tation ( life1 s t he sometimes turn$ ! expression ( a viol5t passion into ! la/ ^w ( :at he ?\ght a religion4 ,he _h a didactic ve91 a habit ( judg+ ! spectacle he evok$ & ( load+ ! passions he depict$ ) 8 visible sympa?y or scorn4 ,n[ a *ief support ( ,br[n+'s popul>ity is t he is1 = _m1 an initiator into ! deep] my/]ies ( passion1 a means ( escap+ f ! moral pov]ty ( _! own lives & ( feel+ ! rhy?m & compulsion ( ! g5]al /riv+4 ,he figures1 !re=e1 di/9ctly z a prophet1 z a be>] ( glad tid+s1 & x is easy = ^? :o hail him z su* to imag9e t1 kn[+ ! lab\r ( life s well1 he mu/ "k some?+ also ( its fruits1 & t 9 giv+ u ! feel+ ( exi/5ce1 he is also giv+ u its mean+4 ,!re is s]i\s dang] t a m9d ga!r+ f 8 pages ! raw mat]ials ( tru?1 ! un?re%$ h>ve/ ( reality1 may take him = a philosoph]1 = a rationaliz] ( :at he describes4 ,awak5+ may be mi/ak5 = enlight5m5t1 & ! galvaniz+ ( torpid s5sations & impulses = wisdom4 ,aga9/ su* fatuity reason %\ld raise h] voice4 ,! vital & hi/oric =ces t produce illusions ( ?is sort 9 l>ge gr\ps ( m5 are inde$ beyond ! control ( criticism4 ,! ideas ( passion are m vivid ?an ^? ( memory1 until !y become memories 9 turn4 ,!y mu/ be all[$ to fight out _! desp]ate battle aga9/ ! laws ( ,nature & reason4 ,b x is wor? :ile 9 ! meantime1 = ! sake ( ! tru? & ( a j philosophy1 to meet ! v>y+ ?\gh p]petual *>latanism ( ! _w ) a /eady prote/4 ,z soon z ,br[n+ is propos$ to u z a lead]1 z soon z we are ask$ to be n ! occasional patrons ( 8 art1 b ! pupils ( 8 philosophy1 we h a "r to express ! radical dissatisfaction :i* we mu/ feel1 if we are rational1 ) 8 :ole attitude & temp] ( m9d4 ,! great dramati/s h seldom dealt ) p]fectly virtu\s *>act]s4 ,! great poets h seldom repres5t$ my?ologies t w\ld be> sci5tific criticism4 ,b by an in/9ct :i* con/itut$ _! greatness !y h ca/ ^! mix$ mat]ials furni%$ by life into =ms cong5ial to ! specific pr9ciples ( _! art1 & by ?is trans=mation !y h made acceptable 9 ! /hetic sph]e ?+s t 9 ! sph]e ( reality 7 evil or imp]fect3 9 a ^w1 _! works h be5 beautiful z works ( art4 ,or1 if _! g5ius exce$$ t ( ! te*nical poet & rose to prophetic intuition1 !y h kn[n h[ to create ideal *>act]s1 n possess$1 p]haps1 ( e virtue accid5tally ne$$ 9 ?is _w1 b possess$ ( :at is ideally bett]1 ( int]nal greatness & p]fection4 ,!y h also kn[n h[ to select & recon/ruct _! my?ology s z to make x a true int]pretation ( moral life4 ,:5 we read ! maxims ( ,iago1 ,fal/aff1 or ,hamlet1 we are delight$ if ! ?\ght /rikes u z true1 b we are n less delight$ if x /rikes u z false4 ,^! *>act]s are n pres5t$ to u 9 ord] to enl>ge our capacities ( passion nor 9 ord] to ju/ify !mselves z processes ( r$emption2 !y are !re1 clo!d 9 poetry & imb$d$ 9 plot1 to ent]ta9 u ) _! imag9able feel+s & _! int]e/+ errors4 ,! poet1 )\t be+ especially a philosoph]1 /&s by virtue ( 8 sup]lative g5ius on ! plane ( univ]sal reason1 f> above ! passionate exp]i5ce :i* he ov]looks & on :i* he reflects2 & he raises u = ! mom5t to 8 own level1 to s5d u back aga91 if n bett] end[$ = practical life1 at lea/ n unacqua9t$ ) speculation4 ,) ,br[n+ ! case is ess5tially diff]5t4 ,:5 8 h]oes are bl9d$ by passion & w>p$ by circum/ance1 z !y almo/ always are1 he does n describe ! fact f ! vantage-gr\nd ( ! intellect & invite u to look at x f t po9t ( view4 ,on ! contr>y1 8 art is all self-expression or satire4 ,= ! mo/ "p 8 h]o1 l ,:itman's1 is himself2 n appe>+1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,am]ican b>d1 9 puris naturalibus1 b mask$ 9 all sorts ( hi/orical & romantic f9]y4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 ! p]sonage1 l ,guido 9 ,! ,r+ & ! ,book or ! fru/rate gho/s ( o!r poems1 is m]ely a ,m>syas1 %[n flay$ & quiv]+ to ! great] glory ( ! poet's ideal ,apollo4 ,! impulsive utt]ances & ! crudities ( mo/ ( ! speak]s are passionately adopt$ by ! poet z 8 own4 ,he ?us p]v]ts :at might h be5 a triumph ( imag9ation into a failure ( reason4 ,?is circum/ance has mu* to d ) ! fact t ,br[n+1 9 spite ( 8 extraord9>y gift = express+ emotion1 has h>dly produc$ works purely & unconditionally delightful4 ,!y n only portray passion1 :i* is int]e/+1 b !y betray x1 :i* is odi\s4 ,8 art 0 /ill 9 ! s]vice ( ! w4 ,he _h n atta9$1 9 /udy+ ! beauty ( ?+s1 t deta*m5t ( ! ph5om5on1 t love ( ! =m = its own sake1 :i* is ! secret ( contemplative satisfaction4 ,!re=e1 ! lam5table accid5ts ( 8 p]sonality & op9ions1 9 !mselves no worse ?an ^? ( o!r mortals1 pass$ into 8 art4 ,he did n seek to elude !m3 he _h no free speculative faculty to dom9ate !m by4 ,or1 to put ! same ?+ diff]5tly1 he 0 too mu* 9 e>ne/ 9 8 fictions1 he ?rew himself too unres]v$ly into 8 creations4 ,8 imag9ation1 l ! imag9ation we h 9 dreams1 0 m]ely a v5t = p]sonal preoccupations4 ,8 art 0 inspir$ by purposes less simple & univ]sal ?an ! ends ( imag9ation itself4 ,8 play ( m9d consequ5tly c\ld n be free or pure4 ,! creative impulse c\ld n rea* its goal or manife/ 9 any notable degree its own organic ideal4 ,we may illu/rate ^! ass]tions by consid]+ ,br[n+'s treatm5t ( ! passion ( love1 a passion to :i* he gives great prom95ce & 9 :i* he f9ds ! highe/ significance4 ,love is depict$ by ,br[n+ ) tru?1 ) vehem5ce1 & ) ! con/ant conviction t x is ! supreme ?+ 9 life4 ,! great v>iety ( occasions 9 :i* x appe>s 9 8 pages & ! diff]5t degrees ( elaboration x receives1 leave x always ( ! same quality--! quality ( passion4 ,x nev] s9ks into s5suality2 9 spite ( its frequ5t extreme crud5ess1 x is always1 9 ,br[n+'s h&s1 a passion ( ! imag9ation1 x is always love4 ,on ! o!r h& x nev] rises into contemplation3 m+l$ z x may be ) fri5d%ip1 ) religion1 or ) v>i\s =ms ( natural t5d]ness1 x always rema9s a passion2 x always rema9s a p]sonal impulse1 a hypnotization1 ) ano!r p]son = its object or its cause4 ,kept )9 ^! limits x is repres5t$1 9 a s]ies ( p[]ful sket*es1 :i* are = mo/ read]s ! gems ( ! ,br[n+ gall]y1 z ! la/ ^w ( exp]i5ce1 ! highe/ phase ( human life4 ,! woman yond]1 !re's no use 9 life ,b j to obta9 h]6 ,heap e>?'s woes 9 "o ,& be> !m--make a pile ( all e>?'s joys ,& spurn !m1 z !y help or help n ?is2 ,only1 obta9 h]6 ,:5 ,i d come1 %e w speak n1 %e w /&1 ,ei!r h& ,on my %\ld]1 give h] eyes ! fir/ embrace ,( my face1 ,ere we ru%1 ere we ext+ui% sight & spee* ,ea* on ea*4444 ,o he>t1 ,o blood t freezes1 blood t burns6 ,e>?'s returns ,= :ole c5turies ( folly1 noise1 & s9-- ,%ut !m 9-- ,) _! triumphs & _! follies & ! re/4 ,love is be/4 ,9 ! piece call$ ,9 a ,gondola ! lady says to h] lov]3-- ,he>t to he>t ,& lips to lips6 ,yet once m1 ere we "p1 ,clasp me & make me ?9e1 z m9e ?\ art4 ,& he1 aft] be+ surpris$ & /abb$ 9 h] arms1 replies3-- ,x 0 orda9$ to be s1 sweet6--& be/ ,comes n[1 b5ea? ?9e eyes1 ^u ?y brea/3 ,/ill kiss me6 ,c>e n = ! c[>ds2 c>e ,only to put aside ?y beaute\s hair ,my blood w hurt6 ,! ,?ree ,i d n scorn ,to dea?1 because !y nev] liv$1 b ,i ,h liv$ inde$1 & s--7yet "o m kiss7--c die4 ,we are n all[$ to reg>d ^! expressions z ! cries ( s\ls bl9d$ by ! agony ( passion & lu/4 ,br[n+ unmi/akably adopts !m z express+ 8 own highe/ intuitions4 ,he s mu* admires ! /r5g? ( ?is weakness t he does n admit t x is a weakness at all4 ,x is ) ! /rut ( self-satisfaction1 ) ! s5sation1 almo/1 ( muscul> ,*ri/ianity1 t he boa/s ( x ?r\gh ! m\? ( "o ( 8 h]oes1 :o is expla9+ to 8 mi/ress ! motive ( 8 fai?ful s]vices z a m9i/] ( ! que53-- ,%e ?9ks !re 0 m cause ,9 love ( p[]1 high fame1 pure loyalty8 ,p]haps %e fancies m5 we> out _! lives ,*as+ su* %ades4444 ,i work$ because ,i want y ) my s\l4 ,read]s ( ! fif? *apt] ( ?is volume ne$ n be rem9d$ "h ( ! contra/ :i* ?is me?od ( und]/&+ love (f]s to t adopt$ by ! real ma/]s ( passion & imag9ation4 ,!y began ) t crude emotion ) :i* ,br[n+ ends2 !y liv$ x d[n1 !y exalt$ x by ?\ght1 !y extract$ ! pure gold ( x 9 a long purgation ( discipl9e & suff]+4 ,! fi]ce p>oxysm :i* = him is heav51 0 = !m ! pro( t heav5 _c be f\nd on e>?1 t ! value ( exp]i5ce is n 9 exp]i5ce itself b 9 ! ideals :i* x reveals4 ,! int5se1 volum9\s emotion1 ! sudd51 ov]:elm+ self-surr5d] 9 :i* he re/s 0 = !m ! />t+-po9t ( a life ( rational wor%ip1 ( an au/]e & imp]sonal religion1 by :i* ! fire ( love1 k9dl$ = a mom5t by ! sight ( "s creature1 0 put1 z x 71 into a c5s]1 to burn inc5se be=e e image ( ! ,highe/ ,good4 ,?us love ceas$ to be a passion & became ! en]gy ( contemplation3 x diffus$ ov] ! univ]se1 natural & ideal1 t light ( t5d]ness & t faculty ( wor%ip :i* ! passion ( love (t5 is fir/ to quick5 9 a man's brea/4 ,( ?is art1 recomm5d$ by ,plato & practis$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* by all adepts ( ! spiritual life1 ,br[n+ knew absolutely no?+4 ,ab\t ! object ( love he _h no misgiv+s4 ,:at c\ld ! object be except somebody or o!r8 ,! important ?+ 0 to love int5sely & to love (t54 ,he rema9$ 9 ! ph5om5al sph]e3 he 0 a lov] ( exp]i5ce2 ! ideal did n exi/ = him4 ,no conception c\ld be f>!r f 8 ?\ght ?an ! ess5tial conception ( any rational philosophy1 namely1 t feel+ is to be treat$ z raw mat]ial = ?\ght1 & t ! de/9y ( emotion is to pass into objects :i* %all conta9 all its value :ile los+ all its =mlessness4 ,?is trans=mation ( s5se & emotion into objects agreeable to ! intellect1 into cle> ideas & beautiful ?+s1 is ! natural "w ( reason2 :5 x has be5 accompli%$ v imp]fectly1 or n at all1 we h a b>b>\s m9d1 a m9d full ( *aotic s5sations1 objectless passions1 & undige/$ ideas4 ,su* a m9d ,br[n+'s 01 to a degree rem>kable 9 "o ) s ri* a h]itage ( civilization4 ,! n9ete5? c5tury1 z we h already said1 has n\ri%$ ! hope ( aboli%+ ! pa/ z a =ce :ile x /udies x z an object2 & ,br[n+1 ) 8 fondness = a hi/orical /age sett+ & = ! gossip ( hi/ory1 rebell$ equally aga9/ ! ,pagan & ! ,*ri/ian discipl9e4 ,! ,s\l :i* he tru/$ 9 0 ! b>b>\s s\l1 ! ,spontane\s ,me ( 8 half-bro!r ,:itman4 ,x 0 a re/less p]sonal impulse1 consci\s ( obscure dep?s )9 itself :i* x fanci$ to be inf9ite1 & ( a c]ta9 vague sympa?y ) w9d & cl\d & ) ! univ]sal mutation4 ,x 0 ! s\l t might h animat$ ,attila & ,al>ic :5 !y came d[n into ,italy1 a s\l n incuri\s ( ! tawdr9ess & corruption ( ! /range civilization x beheld1 b incapable ( und]/&+ its orig9al _s2 a s\l ma9ta9+ 9 ! pres5ce ( t noble1 unappreciat$ ru9 all its own lordl9ess & en]gy1 & all its native vulg>ity4 ,br[n+1 :o _h n _h ! education traditional 9 8 own c\ntry1 us$ to say t ,italy _h be5 8 univ]sity4 ,b x 0 a s*ool = :i* he 0 ill prep>$1 & he did n sit "u its be/ tea*]s4 ,= ! sup]ficial f]m5t1 ! worldly passions1 & ! crimes ( ! ,italian ,r5aissance he _h a ke5 int]e/ & intellig5ce4 ,b ,italy has be5 always a civiliz$ c\ntry1 & b5ea? ! trapp+s & suits ( civilization :i* at t p>ticul> "t x flaunt$ s gayly1 x pres]v$ a civiliz$ he>t to :i* ,br[n+'s insight c\ld nev] p5etrate4 ,!re subsi/$ 9 ! be/ m9ds a tra9$ imag9ation & a cog5t ideal ( virtue4 ,italy _h a religion1 & t religion p]meat$ all its life1 & 0 ! backgr\nd )\t :i* ev5 its secul> art & secul> passions w\ld n be truly intelligible4 ,! mo/ comm&+ & repres5tative1 ! deepe/ & mo/ appeal+ ( ,italian natures are p]meat$ ) ?is religi\s inspiration4 ,a ,sa9t ,francis1 a ,dante1 a ,mi*ael ,angelo1 brea! h>dly any?+ else4 ,yet = ,br[n+ ^! m5 & :at !y repres5t$ may be said n to h exi/$4 ,he saw1 he /udi$1 & he pa9t$ a decapitat$ ,italy4 ,8 vision c\ld n m\nt s high z h] head4 ,"o ( ! elem5ts ( t high] tradition :i* ,br[n+ 0 n prep>$ to imbibe 0 ! idealization ( love4 ,! passion he repres5ts is lava hot f ! crat]1 9 no way m\ld$1 smelt$1 or ref9$4 ,he _h no ?\ght ( subjugat+ impulses into ! h>mony ( reason4 ,he did n ma/] life1 b 0 ma/]$ by x4 ,accord+ly ! love he describes has no w+s2 x issues 9 no?+4 ,8 lov]s ext+ui% sight & spee*1 ea* on ea*2 s5se1 z he says else:]e1 dr[n+ s\l4 ,! man 9 ! gondola may well boa/ t he c die2 x is ! only ?+ he c prop]ly d4 ,dea? is ! only solution ( a love t is ti$ to its individual object & insep>able f ! alloy ( passion & illusion )9 itself4 ,br[n+'s h]o1 because he has lov$ int5sely1 says t he has liv$2 he w\ld be "r1 if ! significance ( life 7 to be measur$ by ! int5sity ( ! feel+ x conta9$1 & if intellig5ce 7 n ! highe/ =m ( vitality4 ,b _h t h]o kn[n h[ to love bett] & _h he _h en\gh _s to dom9ate 8 love1 he might p]haps h be5 able to c>ry away ! bett] "p ( x & to say t he c\ld n die2 = "o half ( himself & ( 8 love w\ld h be5 dead already & ! o!r half w\ld h be5 et]nal1 hav+ f$-- ,on dea?1 t fe$s on m52 ,& dea? once dead1 !re's no m dy+ !n4 ,! irrationality ( ! passions :i* ,br[n+ glorifies1 mak+ !m ! cr[n ( life1 is s gross t at times he _c help p]ceiv+ x4 ,h[ p]plex$ ,gr[s belief6 ,well1 ?is cold clay clod ,0 man's he>t3 ,crumble x1 & :at comes next8 ,is x ,god8 ,yes1 he w tell u4 ,^! passions & follies1 h[ev] desp]ate 9 !mselves & h[ev] va9 = ! individual1 are excell5t z p>ts ( ! disp5sation ( ,provid5ce3-- ,be hate t fruit or love t fruit1 ,x =w>ds ! g5]al de$ ( man1 ,& ea* ( ! _m helps to recruit ,! life ( ! race by a g5]al plan1 ,ea* liv+ 8 own to boot4 ,if we d\bt1 !n1 ! value ( our own exp]i5ce1 ev5 p]haps ( our exp]i5ce ( love1 we may appeal to ! int]dep5d5ce ( goods & evils 9 ! _w to assure ourselves t1 9 view ( its consequ5ces else:]e1 ?is exp]i5ce 0 great & important aft] all4 ,we ne$ n /op to consid] ?is suppos$ solution1 :i* bri/les ) contradictions2 x w\ld n satisfy ,br[n+ himself1 if he did n back x up ) some?+ m to 8 purpose1 some?+ ne>] to w>m & transitive feel+4 ,! comp5sation = our defeats1 ! answ] to our d\bts1 is n to be f\nd m]ely 9 a pro( ( ! ess5tial necessity & p]fection ( ! univ]se2 t w\ld be cold com=t1 especially to s uncontemplative a m9d4 ,no3 t answ]1 & comp5sation are to come v soon & v vividly to e private bosom4 ,!re is ano!r life1 a s]ies ( o!r lives1 = ?is to happ5 94 ,dea? w come1 &-- ,i %all !reupon ,take re/1 ere ,i be gone ,once m on my adv5ture brave & new1 ,fe>less & unp]plex$1 ,:5 ,i wage battle next1 ,:at weapons to select1 :at arm\r to endue4 ,= sudd5 ! wor/ turns ! be/ to ! brave1 ,! black m9ute's at end1 ,& ! elem5t's rage1 ! fi5d-voices t rave ,%all dw9dle1 %all bl5d1 ,%all *ange1 %all become fir/ a peace out ( pa91 ,!n a light1 !n ?y brea/1 ,o ?\ s\l ( my s\l6 ,i %all clasp !e aga9 ,& ) ,god be ! re/6 ,into ?is conception ( cont9u$ life ,br[n+ has put1 z a collection ( fur!r passages might easily %[1 all ! items furni%$ by fancy or tradition :i* at ! mom5t satisfi$ 8 imag9ation--new adv5tures1 reunion ) fri5ds1 & ev51 aft] a sev]e /ra9 & = a %ort :ile1 a little peace & quiet4 ,! gi/ ( ! matt] is t we are to live indef9itely1 t all our faults c be turn$ to good1 all our unf9i%$ bus9ess settl$1 & t !re=e !re is "t = any?+ we l 9 ?is _w & = all we ne$ 9 ! o!r4 ,x is 9 _s ! direct opposite ( ! philosophic maxim ( reg>d+ ! end1 ( tak+ c>e to leave a f9i%$ life & a p]fect "* beh9d u4 ,x is ! opposite1 also1 ( ! religi\s mem5to mori1 ( ! w>n+ t ! "t is %ort be=e we g to our acc\nt4 ,accord+ to ,br[n+1 !re is no acc\nt3 we h an inf9ite cr$it4 ,) an unconsci\s & *>act]i/ic mixture ( hea!n in/9ct ) ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 he ?9ks ( ! o!r _w z heav51 b ( ! life to be l$ !re z ( ! life ( ,nature4 ,ari/otle obs]ves t we d n ?9k ! bus9ess ( life wor?y ( ! gods1 to :om we c only attribute contemplation2 if ,br[n+ _h _h ! idea ( p]fect+ & rationaliz+ ?is life r ?an ( cont9u+ x indef9itely1 he w\ld h foll[$ ,ari/otle & ! ,*ur* 9 ?is matt]4 ,b he _h no idea ( any?+ et]nal2 & s he gave1 z he w\ld probably h said1' a fill+ to ! empty ,*ri/ian immortality by mak+ e man busy 9 x ab\t _m ?+s4 ,& to ! irrational man1 to ! boy1 x is no unpleasant idea to h an inf9ite numb] ( days to live ?r\gh1 an inf9ite numb] ( d9n]s to eat1 ) an inf9ity ( fre% fights & new love-affairs1 & no end ( la/ rides toge!r4 ,b x is a m]e euphemism to call ?is p]petual vagrancy a developm5t ( ! s\l4 ,a developm5t means ! unfold+ ( a def9ite nature1 ! gradual manife/ation ( a kn[n idea4 ,a s]ies ( phases1 l ! successive leaps ( a wat]-fall1 is no developm5t4 ,& ,br[n+ has no idea ( an intelligible good :i* ! phases ( life might approa* & ) ref]5ce to :i* !y might con/itute a progress4 ,8 notion is simply t ! game ( life1 ! exhil>ation ( action1 is inexhau/ible4 ,y may set up y\r t5p9s aga9 aft] y h b[l$ !m ov]1 & y may keep up ! sport = ev]4 ,! po9t is to br+ !m d[n z (t5 z possible ) a ma/]-/roke & a big bang4 ,t w t5d to invigorate 9 y t self-confid5ce :i* 9 ?is sy/em passes = fai?4 ,b x is unmean+ to call su* an ex]cise heav51 or to talk ( be+ ) ,god 9 su* a life1 9 any s5se 9 :i* we are n ) ,god already & "u all circum/ances4 ,our de/9y w\ld r be1 z ,br[n+ himself expresses x 9 a phrase :i* ,attila or ,al>ic might h compos$1 b\nd dizzily to ! :eel ( *ange to slake ! ?ir/ ( ,god4 ,su* an optimism & su* a doctr9e ( immortality c give no ju/ification to exp]i5ce :i* x does n already h 9 its deta*$ p>ts4 ,inde$1 ^? dogmas are n ! basis ( ,br[n+'s attitude1 n conditions ( 8 satisfaction 9 liv+1 b r ov]fl[+s ( t satisfaction4 ,! pres5t life is presumably a fair av]age ( ! :ole s]ies ( adv5tures brave & new :i* fall to ea* man's %>e2 7 x n f\nd delightful 9 itself1 !re w\ld be no motive = imag9+ & ass]t+ t x is reproduc$ 9 inf9itum4 ,s too if we did n ?9k t ! evil 9 exp]i5ce is actually utiliz$ & visibly swall[$ up 9 its good effects1 we %\ld h>dly v5ture to ?9k t ,god c\ld h reg>d$ z a good some?+ :i* has evil = its condition & :i* is = t reason pr(\ndly sad & equivocal4 ,b ,br[n+'s philosophy ( life & habit ( imag9ation d n require ! support ( any metaphysical !ory4 ,8 temp]am5t is p]fectly self-suffici5t & prim>y2 :at doctr9es he has are sugge/$ by x & are too loose to give x m ?an a hesitant expression2 !y are q p[]less to give x any ju/ification :i* x might lack on its face4 ,x is ! temp]am5t1 !n1 t speaks2 we may bru% aside z unsub/antial1 & ev5 z di/ort+1 ! web ( argum5ts & !ories :i* x has spun out ( itself4 ,& :at does ! temp]am5t say8 ,t life is an adv5ture1 n a discipl9e2 t ! ex]cise ( en]gy is ! absolute good1 irrespective ( motives or ( consequ5ces4 ,^! are ! maxims ( a frank b>b>ism2 no?+ c\ld express bett] ! lu/ ( life1 ! dogg$ unwill+ness to le>n f exp]i5ce1 ! contempt = rationality1 ! c>elessness ab\t p]fection1 ! admiration = m]e =ce1 9 :i* b>b>ism always betrays itself4 ,! vague religion :i* seeks to ju/ify ?is attitude is really only ano!r outbur/ ( ! same irrational impulse4 ,9 ,br[n+ ?is religion takes ! "n ( ,*ri/ianity1 & id5tifies itself ) "o or two ,*ri/ian ideas arbitr>ily select$2 b at he>t x has f> m aff9ity to ! wor%ip ( ,?or or ( ,od9 ?an to ! religion ( ! ,cross4 ,! ze/ ( life becomes a cosmic emotion2 we lump ! :ole toge!r & cry1 ,hurrah = ! ,univ]se6 ,a fai? :i* is ?us a pure matt] ( lu/9ess & inebriation rises & falls1 attracts or repels1 ) ! ebb & fl[ ( ! mood f :i* x spr+s4 ,x is inv9cible because unseizable2 x is z safe f refutation z x is rebelli\s to embodim5t4 ,b x _c enlight5 or correct ! passions on :i* x fe$s4 ,l a s]vile prie/1 x flatt]s !m 9 ! "n ( ,heav54 ,x cloaks irrationality 9 sanctimony2 & its admiration = e bluff folly1 be+ ?us ju/ifi$ by a !ory1 becomes a positive fanaticism1 eag] to def5d any wayw>d impulse4 ,su* b>b>ism ( temp] & ?\ght c\ld h>dly1 9 a man ( ,br[n+'s indep5d5ce & spontaneity1 be )\t its c\nt]p>t 9 8 art4 ,:5 a man's p]sonal religion is passive1 z ,%akespe>e's seems to h be51 & is adopt$ )\t "q or p>ticul> int]e/ f ! society ar\nd him1 we may n obs]ve any analogy betwe5 x & ! free creations ( t man's m9d4 ,n s :5 ! religion is creat$ afre% by ! private imag9ation2 x is !n m]ely "o among _m p]sonal works ( art1 & w naturally be> a family lik5ess to ! o!rs4 ,! same individual temp]am5t1 ) its limitations & its bias1 w appe> 9 ! art :i* has appe>$ 9 ! religion4 ,& su* is ! case ) ,br[n+4 ,8 limitations z a poet are ! c\nt]p>t ( 8 limitations z a morali/ & !ologian2 only 9 ! poet !y are n s regrettable4 ,philosophy & religion are no?+ if n ultimate2 x is _! bus9ess to deal ) g5]al pr9ciples & f9al aims4 ,n[ x is 9 ! conception ( ?+s fundam5tal & ultimate t ,br[n+ is weak2 he is /rong 9 ! conception ( ?+s imm$iate4 ,! pulse ( ! emotion1 ! bobb+ up ( ! ?\ght1 ! /ream+ ( ! rev]ie--^! he c note d[n ) picturesque =ce or imag9e ) admirable fecundity4 ,yet ! limits ( su* excell5ce are n>r[1 = no man c safely g f> )\t ! guidance ( reason4 ,8 long poems h no /ructure --= t "n _c be giv5 to ! s+ul> me*anical division ( ,! ,r+ & ! ,book4 ,ev5 8 %ort poems h no complet5ess1 no limpidity4 ,!y are little torsos made brok5 s z to /imulate ! read] to ! re/oration ( _! miss+ legs & arms4 ,:at is admirable 9 !m is pregnancy ( phrase1 vividness ( passion & s5tim5t1 heap$-up scraps ( obs]vation1 occasional fla%es ( light1 occasional beauties ( v]sification1--all l ! quick %>p scrat* ,& blue spurt ( a light$ mat*4 ,!re is nev] any?+ l>gely compos$ 9 ! _s ( pure beauty1 no?+ devot$ly f9i%$1 no?+ simple & truly j4 ,! poet's m9d _c rea* equilibrium2 at be/ he oscillates betwe5 oppos$ extravagances2 8 f9al ^w is /ill a b\tade1 /ill an explosion4 ,he has no su/a9$ nobility ( /yle4 ,he affects ) ! read] a confid5tial & vulg> mann]1 s z to be m s9c]e & to feel m at home4 ,ev5 9 ! poems :]e ! ef=t at imp]sonality is mo/ successful1 ! dramatic disguise is usually ?r[n (f 9 a preface1 epilogue or p>5!sis4 ,! au?or likes to rem9d u ( himself by "s confid5tial w9k or g5ial poke 9 ! ribs1 by "s little int]l>d$ sne]4 ,we get 9 ^! tricks ( mann] a ta/e ( t ess5tial vulg>ity1 t indiff]5ce to purity & di/9ction1 :i* is lat5t b p]vasive 9 all ! products ( ?is m9d4 ,! same disda9 ( p]fection :i* appe>s 9 8 e?ics appe>s "h 9 8 v]se1 & impairs its beauty by all[+ x to rema9 too (t5 obscure1 affect$1 & grotesque4 ,su* a correspond5ce is natural3 = ! same p[]s ( conception & expression are ne$$ 9 fiction1 :i*1 if turn$ to reflection1 w\ld produce a good philosophy4 ,reason is necess>y to ! p]ception ( high beauty4 ,discipl9e is indisp5sable to art4 ,"w f :i* ^! qualities are abs5t mu/ be b>b>ic2 x c h no ideal =m & mu/ appeal to u only ?r\gh ! s5su\sness & pr(usion ( its mat]ials4 ,we are invit$ by x to lapse into a miscellane\s appreciativ5ess1 into a subs]vi5ce to e deta*$ impression4 ,& yet1 if we w\ld only reflect ev5 on ^! disord]$ beauties1 we %\ld see t ! pr9ciple by :i* !y delight u is a pr9ciple by :i* an ideal1 an image ( p]fection1 is inevitably evok$4 ,we c h no pleasure or pa91 nor any pref]5ce :atsoev]1 )\t implicitly sett+ up a /&>d ( excell5ce1 an ideal ( :at w\ld satisfy u !re4 ,to make ^! implicit ideals explicit1 to cat* _! h9t1 to "w out _! !me1 & express cle>ly to ourselves & to ! _w :at !y are dem&+ 9 ! place ( ! actual--t is ! lab\r ( reason & ! task ( g5ius4 ,! two _c be divid$4 ,cl>ification ( ideas & dis5tanglem5t ( values are z ess5tial to /hetic activity z to intellig5ce4 ,a failure ( reason is a failure ( art & ta/e4 ,! limits ( ,br[n+'s art1 l ! limits ( ,:itman's1 c !re=e be und]/ood by consid]+ 8 m5tal habit4 ,bo? poets _h p[]ful imag9ations1 b ! type ( _! imag9ations 0 l[4 ,9 ,:itman imag9ation 0 limit$ to m>%all+ s5sations 9 s+le file2 ! embroid]ies he made ar\nd t c5tral l9e 7 simple & insignificant4 ,8 en]gy 0 conc5trat$ on t some:at animal =m ( contemplation1 ( :i*1 = ! re/1 he 0 a great1 p]haps an unequall$ ma/]4 ,br[n+ rose above t level2 ) him s5sation is usually 9 ! backgr\nd2 he is n p>ticul>ly a poet ( ! s5ses or ( ocul> vision4 ,8 fav\rite subject-matt] is r ! /ream ( ?\ght & feel+ 9 ! m9d2 he is ! poet ( soliloquy4 ,nature & life z !y really are1 r ?an z !y may appe> to ! ignorant & passionate p>ticipant 9 !m1 lie beyond 8 range4 ,ev5 9 8 be/ dramas1 l ,a ,blot 9 ! ',scut*eon or ,colombe's ,bir?day1 ! int]e/ rema9s 9 ! exp]i5ce ( ! sev]al p]sons z !y expla9 x to u4 ,! same is ! case 9 ,! ,k+ & ! ,book1 ! conception ( :i*1 9 twelve mon/r\s soliloquies1 is a /rik+ evid5ce ( ! poet's pr$ilection = ?is =m4 ,! me?od is1 to p5etrate by sympa?y r ?an to portray by intellig5ce4 ,! mo/ au?oritative insight is n ! poet's or ! spectator's1 ar\s$ & enlight5$ by ! spectacle1 b ! v>i\s h]oes' own1 9 _! mom5t ( int5se/ passion4 ,we !re=e miss ! tragic relief & exaltation1 & come away in/ead ) ! uncom=table feel+ t an ob/9ate folly is app>5tly ! mo/ glori\s & *oicewor?y ?+ 9 ! _w4 ,?is is evid5tly ! poet's own illusion1 & ^? :o d n happ5 to %>e x mu/ feel t if life 7 really z irrational z he ?9ks x1 x w\ld be n only pr(\ndly disc\rag+1 :i* x (t5 is1 b pr(\ndly disgu/+1 :i* x surely is n2 = at lea/ x reveals ! ideal :i* x fails to atta94 ,?is ideal ,br[n+ nev] dis5tangles4 ,= him ! crude exp]i5ce is ! only end1 ! endless /ruggle ! only ideal1 & ! p]turb$ ,s\l ! only organon ( tru?4 ,! arre/ ( 8 intellig5ce at ?is po9t1 be=e x has envisag$ any rational object1 expla9s ! arre/ ( 8 dramatic art at soliloquy4 ,8 imm]sion 9 ! =ms ( self-consci\sness prev5ts him f dramatiz+ ! real relations ( m5 & _! ?9k+s to "o ano!r1 to ,nature1 & to de/9y4 ,= 9 ord] to d s he w\ld h _h to view 8 *>act]s f above 7z ,c]vantes did1 = in/ance71 & to see !m n m]ely z !y appe>$ to !mselves1 b z !y appe> to reason4 ,?is high] attitude1 h[ev]1 0 n only beyond ,br[n+'s scope1 x 0 positively contr>y to 8 inspiration4 ,_h he rea*$ x1 he w\ld no long] h se5 ! univ]se ?r\gh ! ,s\l1 b ?r\gh ! intellect1 & he w\ld n h be5 able to cry1 ,h[ ! _w is made = ea* "o ( u6 ,on ! contr>y1 ! ,s\l w\ld h figur$ only 9 its true conditions1 9 all its ignorance & dep5d5ce1 & also 9 its ess5tial tea*abl5ess1 a po9t aga9/ :i* ,br[n+'s b>b>ic wilfulness p>ticul>ly rebell$4 ,boot$ 9 8 p]suasion t ! s\l is ess5tially omnipot5t & t to live h>d c nev] be to live wrong1 he rema9$ fasc9at$ by ! m>* & me?od ( self-consci\sness1 & nev] all[$ himself to be wean$ f t romantic fatuity by ! en]gy ( rational imag9ation1 :i* prompts u n to reg>d our ideas z m]e fill+ ( a dream1 b r to build on !m ! conception ( p]man5t objects & ov]rul+ pr9ciples1 su* z ,nature1 society1 & ! o!r ideals ( reason4 ,a full-gr[n imag9ation deals ) ^! ?+s1 :i* d n obey ! laws ( psy*ological progression1 & _c be describ$ by ! me?ods ( soliloquy4 ,we ?us see t ,br[n+'s sph]e1 ?\gh m subtle & complex ?an ,:itman's1 0 /ill elem5t>y4 ,x lay f> bel[ ! sph]es ( social & hi/orical reality 9 :i* ,%akespe>e mov$2 f> bel[ ! compreh5sive & cosmic sph]e ( e great epic poet4 ,br[n+ did n ev5 rea* ! intellectual plane ( su* contempor>y poets z ,t5nyson & ,mat!w ,arnold1 :o1 :atev] may be ?\ght ( _! p[]s1 did n /udy consci\sness = itself1 b = ! sake ( its mean+ & ( ! objects :i* x reveal$4 ,! be/ ?+s t come into a man's consci\sness are ! ?+s t take him out ( x--! rational ?+s t are indep5d5t ( 8 p]sonal p]ception & ( 8 p]sonal exi/5ce4 ,^! he approa*es ) 8 reason1 & !y1 9 ! same measure1 end[ him ) _! immortality4 ,b precisely ^! ?+s--! objects ( sci5ce & ( ! con/ructive imag9ation--,br[n+ always saw askance1 9 ! out-skirts ( 8 field ( vision1 = 8 eye 0 fix$ & rivet$ on ! soliloquiz+ ,s\l4 ,& ?is ,s\l be+1 to 8 appreh5sion1 irrational1 did n give itself ov] to ^? p]man5t objects :i* might o!rwise h occupi$ x1 b rum9at$ on its own accid5tal emotions1 on its love-affairs1 & on its hopes ( go+ on s rum9at+ = ev]4 ,! pa?ology ( ! human m9d--= ! normal1 too1 is pa?ological :5 x is n ref]r$ to ! ideal--! pa?ology ( ! human m9d is a v int]e/+ subject1 dem&+ great gifts & great +5uity 9 its treatm5t4 ,br[n+ m9i/]s to ?is int]e/1 & possesses ?is +5uity & ^! gifts4 ,m ?an any o!r poet he keeps a k9d ( speculation alive 9 ! n[ l>ge body ( s5tim5tal1 eag]-m9d$ p1 :o no long] c f9d 9 a def9ite religion a =m & language = _! imag9ative life4 ,t ?is s]vice is greatly appreciat$ speaks well = ! in]adicable t5d5cy 9 man to /udy himself & 8 de/9y4 ,we d n d5y ! a*ievem5t :5 we po9t out its nature & limitations4 ,x does n cease to be some?+ because x is tak5 to be m ?an x is4 ,9 e imag9ative sph]e ! n9ete5? c5tury has be5 an era ( *aos1 z x has be5 an era ( ord] & gr[+ organization 9 ! sph]es ( sci5ce & ( indu/ry4 ,an anci5t doctr9e ( ! philosoph]s ass]ts t to *aos ! _w mu/ ultimately return4 ,& :at is p]haps true ( ! cycles ( cosmic *ange is c]ta9ly true ( ! revolutions ( culture4 ,no?+ la/s = ev]3 languages1 arts1 & religions dis9tegrate ) "t4 ,yet ! p]fect+ ( su* =ms is ! only crit]ion ( progress2 ! de/ruction ( !m ! *ief evid5ce ( decay4 ,p]haps fate int5ds t we %\ld h1 9 our imag9ative decad5ce1 ! consolation ( fancy+ t we are /ill progress+1 & t ! dis9tegration ( religion & ! arts is br++ u ne>] to ! protoplasm ( s5sation & passion4 ,if en]gy & actuality are all t we c>e =1 *aos is z good z ord]1 & b>b>ism z good z discipl9e--bett]1 p]haps1 s9ce impulse is n !n re/ra9$ )9 any b\nds ( reason or beauty4 ,b if ! p[]s ( ! human m9d are at any "t adequate to ! task ( dige/+ exp]i5ce1 cle>ness & ord] inevitably sup]v5e4 ,! m\lds ( ?\ght are impos$ ^u ,nature1 & ! conviction ( a def9ite tru? arises toge!r ) ! vision ( a supreme p]fection4 ,x is only at su* p]iods t ! human animal v9dicates 8 title ( rational4 ,if su* an epo* %\ld return1 p w no d\bt retrace our pres5t grop+s ) int]e/ & see 9 !m gradual approa*es to _! own a*ievem5t4 ,:itman & ,br[n+ might well figure !n z repres5tatives ( our "t4 ,= ! m]it ( be+ repres5tative _c be d5i$ !m4 ,! m9d ( our age1 l !irs1 is *ok$ ) mat]ials1 emotional1 & inconclusive4 ,!y m]ely aggravate our *>act]i/ics1 & _! success ) u is due p>tly to _! own absolute /r5g? & p>tly to our common weakness4 ,if once1 h[ev]1 ?is imag9ative weakness c\ld be ov]come1 & a =m f\nd = ! crude matt] ( exp]i5ce1 m5 might look back f ! height ( a new religion & a new poetry ^u ! pres5t tr\bles ( ! _s2 & p]haps ev5 ^! ?+s might !n be pleasant to rememb]4 ,,viii ,,em]son ,^? :o knew ,em]son1 or :o /ood s ne> to 8 "t & to 8 circle t !y caught "s e*o ( 8 p]sonal influ5ce1 did n judge him m]ely z a poet or philosoph]1 nor id5tify 8 efficacy ) t ( 8 writ+s4 ,8 fri5ds & neighb\rs1 ! congregations he prea*$ to 9 8 y\ng] days1 ! audi5ces t aft]w>d li/5$ to 8 lectures1 all agre$ 9 a v5]ation = 8 p]son :i* _h no?+ to d ) _! und]/&+ or acceptance ( 8 op9ions4 ,!y flock$ to him & li/5$ to 8 ^w1 n s mu* = ! sake ( its absolute mean+ z = ! atmosph]e ( c&\r1 purity1 & s]5ity t hung ab\t x1 z ab\t a sort ( sacr$ music4 ,!y felt !mselves 9 ! pres5ce ( a r>e & beautiful _s1 :o 0 9 communion ) a high] _w4 ,m ?an ! tru? 8 tea*+ might express1 !y valu$ ! s5se x gave !m ( a tru? t 0 inexpressible4 ,!y became aw>e1 if we may say s1 ( ! ultra-violet rays ( 8 spectrum1 ( ! inaudible highe/ notes ( 8 gamut1 too pure & ?9 = common e>s4 ,?is effect 0 by no means due to ! possession on ! "p ( ,em]son ( ! secret ( ! univ]se1 or ev5 ( a def9ite conception ( ultimate tru?4 ,he 0 n a prophet :o _h once = all climb$ 8 ,s9ai or 8 ,tabor1 & hav+ !re beheld ! transfigur$ reality1 desc5d$ aga9 to make au?oritative report ( x to ! _w4 ,f> f x4 ,at bottom he _h no doctr9e at all4 ,! deep] he w5t & ! m he tri$ to grapple ) fundam5tal conceptions1 ! vagu] & m elusive !y became 9 8 h&s4 ,did he "k :at he meant by ,_s or ! ,ov]-,s\l8 ,c\ld he say :at he und]/ood by ! t]ms1 s con/antly on 8 lips1 ,nature1 ,law1 ,god1 ,b5efit1 or ,beauty8 ,he c\ld n1 & ! consci\sness ( t incapacity 0 s lively )9 him t he nev] attempt$ to give articulation to 8 philosophy4 ,8 f9] in/9ct kept him f do+ t viol5ce to 8 inspiration4 ,! s\rce ( 8 p[] lay n 9 8 doctr9e1 b 9 8 temp]am5t1 & ! r>e quality ( 8 wisdom 0 due less to 8 reason ?an to 8 imag9ation4 ,reality elud$ him2 he _h nei!r dilig5ce nor con/ancy en\gh to ma/] & possess x2 b 8 m9d 0 op5 to all philosophic influ5ces1 f :atev] qu>t] !y might bl[2 ! lessons ( sci5ce & ! h9ts ( poetry work$ !mselves out 9 him to a free & p]sonal religion4 ,he diff]$ f ! plodd+ _m1 n 9 kn[+ ?+s bett]1 b 9 hav+ m ways ( kn[+ !m4 ,8 grasp 0 n p>ticul>ly firm1 he 0 f> f be+1 l a ,plato or an ,ari/otle1 pa/ ma/] 9 ! art & ! sci5ce ( life4 ,b 8 m9d 0 end[$ ) unusual pla/icity1 ) unusual spontaneity & lib]ty ( movem5t--x 0 a fairyl& ( ?\ghts & fancies4 ,he 0 l a "y god mak+ exp]im5ts 9 creation3 he blot*$ ! "w1 & always began aga9 on a new & bett] plan4 ,e day he said1 ,let !re be light1 & e day ! light 0 new4 ,8 sun1 l t ( ,h]aclitus1 0 diff]5t e morn+4 ,:at seem$1 !n1 to ! m e>ne/ & less critical ( 8 he>]s a revelation f above 0 9 tru? r an insurrection f b5ea?1 a %ak+ loose f conv5tion1 a dis9tegration ( ! normal categories ( reason 9 fav\r ( v>i\s imag9ative pr9ciples1 on :i* ! _w might h be5 built1 if x _h be5 built diff]5tly4 ,?is gift ( revolution>y ?9k+ all[$ new aspects1 h9ts ( wid] laws1 premonitions ( un?\ght ( fundam5tal unities to spr+ con/antly into view4 ,b su* visions 7 necess>ily fleet+1 because ! human m9d _h long be=e settl$ its gramm>1 & discov]$1 aft] mu* grop+ & _m defeats1 ! g5]al =ms 9 :i* exp]i5ce w all[ itself to be /at$4 ,^! g5]al =ms are ! pr9ciples ( common s5se & positive sci5ce1 no less imag9ative 9 _! orig9 ?an ^? notions :i* we n[ call transc5d5tal1 b gr[n prosaic1 l ! metaphors ( common spee*1 by d9t ( repetition4 ,yet au?ority1 ev5 ( ?is rational k9d1 sat lightly ^u ,em]son4 ,to reject tradition & ?9k z "o might h ?\ght if no man _h ev] exi/$ be=e 0 inde$ ! aspiration ( ! ,transc5d5tali/s1 & al?\gh ,em]son h>dly reg>d$ himself z a memb] ( t s*ool1 he l>gely %>$ its t5d5cy & pass$ = its spokesman4 ,)\t prote/+ aga9/ tradition1 he smil+ly elud$ x 9 8 ?\ghts1 untamable 9 _! quiet irresponsibility4 ,he fl$ to 8 woods or to 8 plea*$ g>d51 to be ! creator ( 8 own worlds 9 solitude & fre$om4 ,no wond] t he br\ght !nce to ! tightly conv5tional m9ds ( 8 contempor>ies a brea? z if f p>adise4 ,8 simplicity 9 novelty1 8 pr(undity1 8 +5u\s ard\r mu/ h seem$ to !m some?+ heav5ly1 & !y may be excus$ if !y ?\ght !y detect$ inspiration ev5 9 8 occasional ?9 p>adoxes & guileless :ims4 ,!y 7 /ifl$ ) consci5ce & he br\ght !m a brea? ( ,nature2 !y 7 surfeit$ ) %all[ controv]sies & he gave !m poetic tru?4 ,imag9ation1 inde$1 is 8 s+le !me4 ,z a prea*] might "u e text en=ce ! same lessons ( ! gospel1 s ,em]son traces 9 e sph]e ! same spiritual laws ( exp]i5ce--comp5sation1 cont9uity1 ! self-expression ( ! ,s\l 9 ! =ms ( ,nature & ( society1 until %e f9ally recognizes h]self 9 h] own "w & sees its b5efic5ce & beauty4 ,8 con/ant refra9 is ! omnipot5ce ( imag9ative ?\ght2 its p[] fir/ to make ! _w1 !n to und]/& x1 & f9ally to rise above x4 ,all ,nature is an embodim5t ( our native fancy1 all hi/ory a drama 9 :i* ! innate possibilities ( ! _s are enact$ & realiz$4 ,:ile ! conflict ( life & ! %ocks ( exp]i5ce seem to br+ u face to face ) an ali5 & ov]:elm+ p[]1 reflection c humanize & rationalize t p[] by conceiv+ its laws2 & ) ?is recognition ( ! rationality ( all ?+s comes ! s5se ( _! beauty & ord]4 ,! de/ruction :i* ,nature seems to prep>e = our special hopes is ?us se5 to be ! victory ( our imp]sonal int]e/s4 ,to awak5 9 u ?is spiritual insight1 an elevation ( m9d :i* is at once an act ( compreh5sion & ( wor%ip1 to sub/itute x = l[] passions & m s]vile =ms ( intellig5ce--t is ,em]son's con/ant ef=t4 ,all 8 res\rces ( illu/ration1 obs]vation1 & rhetoric are us$ to deep5 & cl>ify ?is sort ( wisdom4 ,su* ?\ght is ess5tially ! same t is f\nd 9 ! ,g]man romantic or ideali/ic philosoph]s1 ) :om ,em]son's aff9ity is rem>kable1 all ! m z he seems to h borr[$ little or no?+ f _! works4 ,! critics ( human nature1 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 _h %[n h[ mu* m5's ideas dep5d on _! pr$ispositions1 on ! "* ( _! s5ses & ! habits ( _! intellig5ce4 ,seiz+ ^u ?is ?\ght & exagg]at+ x1 ! romantic philosoph]s attribut$ to ! _s ( man ! omnipot5ce :i* _h belong$ to ,god1 & felt t 9 ?is way !y 7 reass]t+ ! supremacy ( m9d ov] matt] & e/abli%+ x ^u a safe & rational basis4 ,! ,g]mans 7 great sy/em-mak]s1 & ,em]son _c rival !m 9 ! su/a9$ ef=t ( ?\ght by :i* !y s\ght to re9t]pret e sph]e ( be+ accord+ to _! *os5 pr9ciples4 ,b he surpass$ !m 9 an in/9ctive s5se ( :at he 0 do+4 ,he nev] repres5t$ 8 poetry z sci5ce1 nor c\nt5anc$ ! =mation ( a new sect t %\ld nurse ! s5se ( a private & my/]i\s illum9ation1 & relight ! fagots ( passion & prejudice4 ,he nev] tri$ to seek out & def5d ! univ]sal implications ( 8 ideas1 & nev] wrote ! book he _h once plann$ on ! law ( comp5sation1 =esee+1 we may well believe1 ! sophi/ries 9 :i* he w\ld h be5 directly involv$4 ,he =tunately pref]r$ a fre% /atem5t on a fre% subject4 ,a sugge/ion once giv51 ! _s once ar\s$ to speculation1 a glimpse once ga9$ ( "s ideal h>mony1 he *ose to desc5d aga9 to common s5se & to t\* ! e>? = a mom5t be=e ano!r flight4 ,! faculty ( idealization 0 itself :at he valu$4 ,philosophy = him 0 r a moral en]gy fl[]+ into sprightl9ess ( ?\ght ?an a body ( s]i\s & def5sible doctr9es4 ,9 practis+ transc5d5tal speculation only 9 ?is poetic & sporadic fa%ion1 ,em]son reta9$ its true value & avoid$ its greate/ dang]4 ,he secur$ ! fre$om & f]tility ( 8 ?\ght & did n all[ "o conception ( law or "o h9t ( h>mony to /]ilize ! m9d & prev5t ! subsequ5t bir? )9 x ( o!r ideas1 no less j & impos+ ?an _! pr$ecessors4 ,= we are n deal+ at all 9 su* a philosophy ) matt]s ( fact or ) su* v]ifiable tru?s z exclude _! opposites4 ,we are deal+ only ) imag9ation1 ) ! art ( conception1 & ) ! v>i\s =ms 9 :i* reflection1 l a poet1 may compose & recompose human exp]i5ce4 ,a c]ta9 disquiet m+l$1 h[ev]1 9 ! m9ds ( ,em]son's contempor>ies ) ! admiration !y felt = 8 purity & g5ius4 ,!y saw t he _h =sak5 ! doctr9es ( ! ,*ur*2 & !y 7 n sure :e!r he held q unequivocally any doctr9e :atev]4 ,we may n all ( u %>e ! conc]n = or?odoxy :i* usually caus$ ?is puzzl$ al>m3 we may und]/& t x 0 n ,em]son's vocation to be def9ite & dogmatic 9 religion any m ?an 9 philosophy4 ,yet t disquiet w n1 ev5 = u1 :olly disappe>4 ,x is produc$ by a defect :i* naturally accompanies imag9ation 9 all b ! greate/ m9ds4 ,i mean disorganization4 ,em]son n only conceiv$ ?+s 9 new ways1 b he seem$ to ?9k ! new ways might cancel & sup]s$e ! old4 ,8 imag9ation 0 to invalidate ! und]/&+4 ,t inspiration :i* %\ld come to fulfil seem$ too (t5 to come to de/roy4 ,if he 0 able s con/antly to /imulate u to fre% ?\ghts1 0 x n because he demoli%$ ! lab\r ( long ages ( reflection8 ,0 n ! />tl+ effect ( mu* ( 8 writ+ due to its contradiction to tradition & to common s5se8 ,s long z he is a poet & 9 ! enjoym5t ( 8 poetic lic5se1 we c blame ?is play ( m9d only by a misund]/&+4 ,x is possible to ?9k o!rwise ?an z common s5se ?9ks2 !re are o!r categories beside ^? ( sci5ce4 ,:5 we employ !m we enl>ge our lives4 ,we add to ! _w ( fact any numb] ( worlds ( ! imag9ation 9 :i* human nature & ! et]nal relations ( ideas may be nobly express$4 ,s f> our imag9ative f]tility is only a b5efit3 x surr\nds u ) ! cong5ial & necess>y radiation ( art & religion4 ,x manife/s our moral vitality 9 ! bosom ( ,nature4 ,b sometimes imag9ation invades ! sph]e ( und]/&+ & seems to discr$it its indisp5sable "w4 ,common s5se1 we are all[$ to inf]1 is a %all[ affair3 true insight *anges all t4 ,:5 s appli$1 poetic activity is n an unmix$ good4 ,x loos5s our hold on fact & confuses our intellig5ce1 s t we =get t intellig5ce has itself e pr]ogative ( imag9ation1 & has besides ! sanction ( practical validity4 ,we are made to believe t s9ce ! und]/&+ is some?+ human & condition$1 some?+ :i* might h be5 diff]5t1 z ! s5ses might h be5 diff]5t1 & :i* we may yet1 s to speak1 get beh9d--!re=e ! und]/&+ ought to be ab&on$4 ,we long = high] faculties1 neglect+ ^? we h1 we ye>n = intuition1 clos+ our eyes ^u exp]i5ce4 ,we become my/ical4 ,my/icism1 z we h said1 is ! surr5d] ( a category ( ?\ght because we div9e its relativity4 ,z e new category1 h[ev]1 mu/ %>e ?is reproa*1 ! my/ic is oblig$ 9 ! end to give !m all up1 ! poetic & moral categories no less ?an ! physical1 s t ! end ( 8 purification is ! atrophy ( 8 :ole nature1 ! empty+ ( 8 :ole he>t & m9d to make room1 z he ?9ks1 = ,god4 ,by attack+ ! au?ority ( ! und]/&+ z ! organon ( k1 by sub/itut+ itself = x z ! h]ald ( a deep] tru?1 ! imag9ation ?us prep>es its own de/ruction4 ,= if ! und]/&+ is reject$ because x _c grasp ! absolute1 ! imag9ation & all its works--art1 dogma1 wor%ip--mu/ pres5tly be reject$ = ! same reason4 ,common s5se & poetry mu/ bo? g by ! bo>d1 & consci5ce mu/ foll[ aft]3 = all ^! are human & relative4 ,my/icism w be satisfi$ only ) ! absolute1 & z ! absolute1 by its v def9ition1 is n repres5table by any specific faculty1 x mu/ be approa*$ ?r\gh ! ab&onm5t ( all4 ,! lights ( life mu/ be ext+ui%$ t ! light ( ! absolute may %9e1 & ! possession ( ev]y?+ 9 g5]al mu/ be secur$ by ! surr5d] ( ev]y?+ 9 p>ticul>4 ,! same diffid5ce1 h[ev]1 ! same con/ant r5ewal ( s9c]ity :i* kept ,em]son's flights ( imag9ation ne> to exp]i5ce1 kept 8 my/icism also )9 b\nds4 ,a c]ta9 my/ical t5d5cy is p]vasive ) him1 b !re are only "o or two subjects on :i* he dwells ) en\gh con/ancy & en]gy ( att5tion to make 8 my/ical treatm5t ( !m pron\nc$4 ,"o ( ^! is ! "q ( ! unity ( all m9ds 9 ! s+le s\l ( ! univ]se1 :i* is ! same 9 all creatures2 ano!r is ! "q ( evil & ( its evaporation 9 ! univ]sal h>mony ( ?+s4 ,bo? ^! ideas sugge/ !mselves at c]ta9 turns 9 e man's exp]i5ce1 & might receive a rational =mulation4 ,b !y are intricate subjects1 obscur$ by _m emotional prejudices1 s t ! lab\r1 imp>tiality1 & precision :i* w\ld be ne$$ to elucidate !m are to be look$ = 9 s*ola/ic r ?an 9 inspir$ ?9k]s1 & 9 ,em]son lea/ ( all4 ,be=e ^! problems he is alt]nately +5u\s & rhapsodical1 & 9 bo? moods equally helpless4 ,individuals no d\bt exi/1 he says to himself4 ,b1 ah6 ,napoleon is 9 e s*oolboy4 ,9 e squatt] 9 ! we/]n prairies we %all f9d an own]-- ,( ,caes>'s h& & ,plato's bra91 ,( ,"l ,*ri/'s he>t1 & ,%akespe>e's /ra94 ,b h[8 we may ask4 ,pot5tially8 ,is x because any m9d1 7 x giv5 ! "r body & ! "r exp]i5ce1 7 x made ov]1 9 a ^w1 into ano!r m9d1 w\ld resemble t o!r m9d to ! po9t ( id5tity8 ,or is x t our s\ls are already s l>gely simil> t we are subject to _m k9dr$ prompt+s & %>e _m ideals unrealizable 9 our p>ticul> circum/ances8 ,b !n we %\ld simply be say+ t if :at makes m5 diff]5t 7 remov$1 m5 w\ld be indi/+ui%able1 or t1 9 s f> z !y are n[ alike1 !y c und]/& "o ano!r by summon+ up _! respective exp]i5ces 9 ! fancy4 ,!re w\ld be no my/icism 9 t1 b at ! same "t1 alas1 no eloqu5ce1 no p>adox1 &1 if we mu/ say ! ^w1 no nons5se4 ,on ! "q ( evil1 ,em]son's position is ( ! same k9d4 ,!re is evil1 ( c\rse1 he tells u4 ,exp]i5ce is sad4 ,!re is a crack 9 ev]y?+ t ,god has made4 ,b1 ah6 ! laws ( ! univ]se are sacr$ & b5efic5t4 ,)\t !m no?+ good c\ld arise4 ,all ?+s1 !n1 are 9 _! "r places & ! univ]se is p]fect above our qu]ul\s te>s4 ,p]fect8 we may ask4 ,b p]fect f :at po9t ( view1 9 ref]5ce to :at ideal8 ,to its own8 ,to t ( a man :o r5\nc+ himself & all naturally de> to him1 ignor+ ! inju/ice1 suff]+1 & impot5ce 9 ! _w1 all[s 8 w & 8 consci5ce to be hypnotiz$ by ! spectacle ( a necess>y evolution1 & lull$ into cruelty by ! pomp & music ( a tragic %[8 ,9 t case ! evil is n expla9$1 x is =gott52 x is n cur$1 b condon$4 ,we h surr5d]$ ! category ( ! bett] & ! worse1 ! deepe/ f\ndation ( life & reason2 we h become my/ics on ! "o subject on :i*1 above all o!rs1 we ought to be m54 ,two =ces may be said to h c>ri$ ,em]son 9 ?is my/ical direction2 "o1 t fre$om ( 8 imag9ation :i* we h already not$1 & :i* kept him f ! fe> ( self-contradiction2 ! o!r ! habit ( wor%ip inh]it$ f 8 cl]ical ance/ors & en=c$ by 8 religi\s education4 ,! _s ( con=mity1 ! unction1 ! loyalty ev5 unto dea? inspir$ by ! religion ( ,jehovah1 7 dispositions acquir$ by too long a discipl9e & root$ 9 too _m =ms ( spee*1 ( ?\ght1 & ( wor%ip = a man l ,em]son1 :o _h felt _! full =ce1 ev] to be able to lose !m4 ,! evolutions ( 8 ab/ract op9ions left t habit un*ang$4 ,unless we keep ?is circum/ance 9 m9d1 we %all n be able to und]/& ! k9d ( elation & sacr$ joy1 s *>act]i/ic ( 8 eloqu5ce1 ) :i* he prop\nds laws ( ,nature & aspects ( exp]i5ce :i*1 view$ 9 !mselves1 af=d b an equivocal support to moral en?usiasm4 ,an optimism s p]si/5t & uncl\d$ z 8 w seem at v>iance ) ! description he himself gives ( human life1 a description col\r$ by a poetic idealism1 b h>dly by an optimi/ic bias4 ,we mu/ rememb]1 !re=e1 t ?is optimism is a pi\s tradition1 orig9ally ju/ifi$ by ! belief 9 a p]sonal ,god & 9 a provid5tial gov]nm5t ( affairs = ! ultimate & positive good ( ! elect1 & t ! habit ( wor%ip surviv$ 9 ,em]son z an in/9ct aft] ^? positive beliefs _h fad$ into a recognition ( spiritual laws4 ,we mu/ rememb] t ,calv9ism _h kn[n h[ to comb9e an awe/ruck devotion to ! ,supreme ,be+ ) no v roseate picture ( ! de/9ies ( mank9d1 & = m ?an two hundr$ ye>s _h be5 bre$+ 9 ! /ock f :i* ,em]son came a will+ness to be1 z ! phrase is1 damn$ = ! glory ( ,god4 ,:at wond]1 !n1 t :51 = ! =m] inexorable disp5sation ( ,provid5ce1 ,em]son sub/itut$ 8 g5]al spiritual & natural laws1 he %\ld n h felt ! _s ( wor%ip fail )9 him8 ,on ! contr>y1 8 ?\ght mov$ 9 ! pres5ce ( moral h>monies :i* seem$ to him tru]1 m beautiful1 & m b5efic5t ?an ^? ( ! old !ology4 ,an indep5d5t philosoph] w\ld n h se5 9 ^? h>monies an object ( wor%ip or a suffici5t basis = optimism4 ,b he 0 n an indep5d5t philosoph]1 9 spite ( 8 belief 9 indep5d5ce4 ,he inh]it$ ! problems & ! preoccupations ( ! !ology f :i* he />t$1 be+ 9 ?is respect l ! ,g]man ideali/s1 :o1 ) all _! pret5ce ( absolute metaphysics1 7 9 reality only giv+ elusive & ab/ract =ms to traditional !ology4 ,em]son1 too1 0 n prim>ily a philosoph]1 b a ,puritan my/ic ) a poetic fancy & a gift = obs]vation & epigram1 & he saw 9 ! laws ( ,nature1 idealiz$ by 8 imag9ation1 only a m intelligible =m ( ! div9ity he _h always recogniz$ & ador$4 ,8 0 n a philosophy pass+ into a religion1 b a religion express+ itself z a philosophy & veil$1 z at its sett+ x desc5d$ ! heav5s1 9 v>i\s t9ts ( poetry & sci5ce4 ,if we ask ourselves :at 0 ,em]son's relation to ! sci5tific & religi\s movem5ts ( 8 "t1 & :at place he may claim 9 ! hi/ory ( op9ion1 we mu/ answ] t he belong$ v little to ! pa/1 v little to ! pres5t1 & almo/ :olly to t ab/ract sph]e into :i* my/ical or philosophic aspiration has c>ri$ a few m5 9 all ages4 ,! religi\s tradition 9 :i* he 0 re>$ 0 t ( ,puritanism1 b ( a ,puritanism :i*1 reta9+ its moral int5sity & metaphysical ab/raction1 _h m9imiz$ its doctr9al expression & become ,unit>ian4 ,em]son 0 inde$ ! ,psy*e ( ,puritanism1 ! late/-born & faire/ vision f> ( all t fad$ hi]>*y4 ,a ,puritan ^: religion 0 all poetry1 a poet ^: only pleasure 0 ?\ght1 he %[$ 9 8 life & p]sonality ! meagr5ess1 ! con/ra9t1 ! frigid & consci\s consecration :i* belong$ to 8 cl]ical ance/ors1 :ile 8 inmo/ imp]sonal _s rang$ abroad ov] ! fields ( hi/ory & ,nature1 ga!r+ :at ideas x might1 & s++ its little snat*es ( inspir$ song4 ,! traditional elem5t 0 ?us r an ext]nal & uness5tial contribution to ,em]son's m9d2 he _h ! pr(essional t+e1 ! decorum1 ! di/9ction ( an old-fa%ion$ div9e2 he _h also ! habit ( writ+ s]mons1 & he _h ! national pride & hope ( a religi\s p t felt itself provid5tially *os5 to e/abli% a free & godly commonweal? 9 a new _w4 ,= ! re/1 he sep>at$ himself f ! anci5t cre$ ( ! community ) a s5se r ( relief ?an ( regret4 ,a lit]al belief 9 ,*ri/ian doctr9es repell$ him z unspiritual1 z manife/+ no und]/&+ ( ! mean+ :i*1 z allegories1 ^? doctr9es might h to a philosophic & poetical _s4 ,al?\gh z a cl]gy-man he 0 at fir/ 9 ! habit ( ref]r+ to ! ,bible & its lessons z to a supreme au?ority1 he _h no in/9ctive sympa?y ) ! inspiration ( ei!r ! ,old or ! ,new ,te/am5t2 9 ,hafiz or ,plut>*1 9 ,plato or ,%akespe>e1 he f\nd m cong5ial /uff4 ,:ile he ?us pref]r$ to )draw1 )\t ranc\r & )\t contempt1 f ! anci5t fell[%ip ( ! *ur*1 he assum$ an attitude h>dly less cool & deprecatory t[>d ! en?usiasms ( ! new era4 ,! national ideal ( democracy & fre$om _h 8 entire sympa?y2 he all[$ himself to be drawn into ! movem5t aga9/ slav]y2 he took a curi\s & smil+ int]e/ 9 ! discov]ies ( natural sci5ce & 9 ! mat]ial progress ( ! age4 ,b he c\ld g no f>!r4 ,8 contemplative nature1 8 religi\s tra9+1 8 disp]s$ read+1 made him /& aside f ! life ( ! _w1 ev5 :ile he /udi$ x ) b5evol5t att5tion4 ,8 he>t 0 fix$ on et]nal ?+s1 & he 0 9 no s5se a prophet = 8 age or c\ntry4 ,he belong$ by nature to t my/ical company ( dev\t s\ls t recognize no p>ticul> home & are disp]s$ ?r\gh\t hi/ory1 al?\gh n )\t int]communication4 ,he felt 8 aff9ity to ! ,h9doos & ! ,p]sians1 to ! ,platoni/s & ! ,/oics4 ,l !m he rema9s a fri5d & aid] ( ^? :o w\ld live 9 ! _s4 ,if n a /> ( ! fir/ magnitude1 he is c]ta9ly a fix$ /> 9 ! firmam5t ( philosophy4 ,alone z yet among ,am]icans1 he may be said to h won a place !re1 if n by ! orig9ality ( 8 ?\ght1 at lea/ by ! orig9ality & beauty ( ! expression he gave to ?\ghts t are old & imp]i%able4 ,,ix ,a ,,religion ,,( ,,disillusion ,man has h5ce=? ?is cause ( pride3 t he has be?\ght himself ( ju/ice 9 a univ]se )\t ju/ice1 & has put ju/ice !re4--,,jean ,,lahor4 ,! break-up ( traditional sy/ems & ! disappe>ance ( a recogniz$ au?ority f ! religi\s _w h naturally l$ to _m attempts at philosophic recon/ruction4 ,mo/ ( ^! are timid compromises1 :i* leave fir/ pr9ciples unt\*$ & conta9 9 a veil$ =m all ! old contradictions4 ,o!rs are adv]tisem5ts ( "s p]sonal notion1 "s fre% discov]y1 propos$ z a panacea & z an equival5t = all ! h]itage ( human wisdom4 ,a few ?9k]s1 h[ev]1 inspir$ by m compreh5sive sympa?ies1 & at ! same "t free f preconceptions1 h come ne>] to ! fundam5tal elem5ts ( ! problem & h giv5 out sugge/ions :i*1 ev5 if n satisfactory 9 _! actual =m1 are helpful & int]e/+ 9 _! t5d5cy4 ,su* a ?9k] is ! contempor>y ,fr5* poet1 ,jean ,lahor1 :o1 9 a volume ( ?\ghts entitl$ ,la gloire du nant1 has ga!r$ toge!r ?ree philosophical po9ts ( view1 we might almo/ say ?ree religions1 & comb9$ _! issues 9 a way :i* may n[ seem aga9 new1 b :i* 9 reality is z old z wisdom4 ,! =m is lit]>y & ! outcome 9 a s5se negative2 !re is no attempt to put new w9e into old bottles1 no apologetic tone1 no unction4 ,exp]i5ce is consult$ afre%1 )\t preoccupation z to ! results ( reflection2 & if ^! results are religi\s1 x is because any reason$ appreciation ( life is b\nd to be a religion1 ev5 if no conv5tionally religi\s elem5ts are import$ into ! problem4 ,9 fact1 ^? prophets :o h said t ! ,sabba? 0 made = man & :o h giv5 moral functions to hi/orical religion1 z well z ^? philosoph]s :o h be/ und]/ood its nature1 h seem$ irreligi\s to _! contempor>ies1 because !y h look$ ^u religion z an int]pretation ( reality1 n z a quasi-reality exi/+ by itself & v\*$ = m]ely by tradition & miracle4 ,religion is an imag9ative e*o ( ?+s natural & moral3 & if ?is e*o is to be well attun$1 our e> mu/ fir/ be att5tive to ! natural s\nds ( :i*1 9 religion1 we are to develop ! h>mony4 ,x is1 !re=e1 n an objection to ,jean ,lahor's compet5ce to ga!r = u ! elem5ts ( a religion t he is a poet r ?an a !ologian & an obs]v] r ?an a philosoph]1 or t he pres5ts 8 intuitions )\t te*nical app>atus 9 a s]ies ( highly col\r$ epigrams & little pictures4 ,on ! contr>y su* simplicity & directness are an advantage :51 z 9 ?is case1 ! guid+ inspiration is religi\s4 ,x is religi\s because1 on ! "o h&1 x is imag9ative2 we are ask+ ourselves ev]y:]e :at ,nature says to u & :at we are to say 9 reply2 & on ! o!r h&1 because x is rational1 & ^! messages & reactions are to be unifi$ into a s+le sci5ce & a s+le morality4 ,! logical s*eme ( ! sy/em is n made explicit3 !re is no argum5tation & no answ]s are (f]$ to ! objections t might naturally sugge/ !mselves4 ,b ! say+s are s arrang$ & made s to progress 9 tone & subject t a sy/em ( philosophy is cle>ly impli$ 9 !m2 & ! ess5ce ( ?is sy/em is at times briefly express$4 ,all1 z x behooves a poet1 is ! transcript ( p]sonal exp]i5ce4 ,we mu/ n look = ! inclusion ( elem5ts1 h[ev] important 9 !mselves1 :i* ! au?or has n f\nd 9 8 own life4 ,! omissions are 9 ?is case z *>act]i/ic z ! inclusions4 ,we look 9 va91 = in/ance1 = any appreciation ( ,*ri/ianity or ( all t side ( human nature & exp]i5ce on :i* fai? 9 ,*ri/ianity re/s2 we he> no?+ ( love & its ideal sugge/ions1 no?+ ( ! aspiration to immortality1 no?+ ( ! :ole transc5d5tal attitude t[>d exp]i5ce4 ,^! are grave omissions4 ,!y may seem to condemn ,jean ,lahor1 if n z a g5]al philosoph]1 at lea/ z a repres5tative ( an age 9 :i* religi\s ?\ght has s l>gely c5tr$ ab\t ^! v que/ions4 ,b our c5tury has be5 an age ( confusion2 & a man :o at its end wi%es to atta9 "s coh]5ce ( life & m9d1 mu/ beg9 by lett+ drop mu* t ! age has held 9 solution4 ,x is by n be+ an av]age t a man may become a guide4 ,only by manife/+ ! direction ( *ange & embody+ t *ange 9 8 own p]son c he be a sign ( progress4 ,x rema9s = "t to %[ :e!r :at survives 9 a giv5 man has =tune on its side & conta9s ! inw>d elem5ts ( vitality4 ,! presumption 9 ?is case1 :5 we ab/ract f our p]sonal prejudices1 w seem to be :olly 9 fav\r ( our au?or4 ,! ?ree influ5ces to :i* he has yield$ & :i* h m\ld$ 8 m9d are ! pan!ism ( ! ,h9doos1 our contempor>y natural sci5ce1 & ! ideal ( ,greek civilization4 ,^! ?ree elem5ts might at fir/ sight seem incongru\s1 & ! pr9ciple ( selection by :i* !y are pref]r$ above all o!rs might seem z h>d to f9d z ! pr9ciple ( union by :i* !y are to be weld$ into "o philosophy4 ,b a little /udy ( ^! maxims & ( ! autobiographical sket* :i* prec$es !m w1 ,i ?9k1 enable u to discov] bo? ! pr9ciples we miss4 ,! selection ( ! ?ree influ5ces 9 "q is due to ! poetical temp]am5t & sci5tific ta/es ( ! au?or1 to an individual disposition & to /udies :i* drew him successively to ^! diff]5t s\rces ( in/ruction4 ,! pr9ciple ( syn!sis1 or r1 we %\ld p]haps say1 ( subord9ation1 by :i* ^! v>i\s habits ( ?\ght are comb9$ 9 "o philosophy1 is a moral pr9ciple4 ,x is a native p[] to conceive ! ideal & a native loyalty to ! ideal :5 once conceiv$4 ,?is moral en?usiasm is 9 no s5se vapid or s5tim5tal2 x h>dly comes to ! surface 9 any direct or en?usia/ic expression2 b x is betray$ & prov$ to be s9c]e1 n[ by a passionate pessimism ab\t ! natural _w1 n[ 9 detail$ & practical dem&s = a bett] /ate ( society4 ,a g5ial individuality & a well-reason$ =m ( pessimism are1 !n1 ! two factors 9 ! developm5t ( ?is int]e/+ ?9k]1 ! two keys to ! app>5tly contradictory aff9ities ( 8 m9d4 ,our au?or1 z we h said1 is a poet1 & ev5 if 8 v]ses seem at times a little ?9 & rhetorical1 !y prove abundantly :at is evid5t also 9 8 prose1 namely1 t he has ke5 s5sations1 t images impress !mselves ^u him ) =ce1 & t any sc5e ^: elem5ts are gorge\s & picturesque or :i* is weight$ ) tragic emotion1 holds 8 att5tion & awak5s 9 him ! impulse to lit]>y expression4 ,b ?is pla/ic impulse is n p[]ful1 or f9ds 9 ! environm5t insuffici5t support4 ,great art & great creative a*ievem5ts are r>e 9 ! _w1 & come = ! mo/ "p only 9 ^? mom5ts & 9 ^? places :]e an unusual conc5tration ( m5tal en]gy & ! friction ( _m k9dr$ m9ds all[ ! scatt]$ sp>ks ( inspiration to m]ge & to leap into flame4 ,we ne$ n wond]1 !re=e1 t ! /hetic s5sibility ( our au?or is great] ?an 8 arti/ic success4 ,( :i* ( our contempor>ies might we n say ! same ?+8 ,jean ,lahor's att5tion is analytic2 he is absorb$ by 8 model1 he does n absorb x & ma/] x by 8 art4 ,he has n en\gh vig\r & det]m9ation ( ?\ght to create et]nal =ms out ( ! swift h9ts ( p]ception4 ,he wat*es r passively ! flight ( 8 ideas1 consci\s ( _! vivacity1 ( _! beauty1 b mo/ ( all1 alas6 ( _! flight4 ,8 la/ ^w z an obs]v]1 8 message z a poet1 is t all ?+s are illusion4 ,!y fade1 !y pass into "o ano!r1 ! place !re( kn[s !m no m4 ,no?+ ( !m rema9s1 absolutely no?+1 save ! univ]sal indet]m9ate =ce t bre$s & dev\rs !m p]petually4 ,a m9d ?us gift$ & ?us limit$ w\ld naturally feel its aff9ity to ,ori5tal pan!ism z soon z t phase ( ?\ght & feel+ came )9 ! radius ( its vision4 ,jean ,lahor seems e>ly to h felt an attraction t[>d ! speculation ( ! ,ea/1 & 8 prolong$ /udy ( t lit]ature c\ld ( c\rse only int5sify ! natural b5t ( 8 m9d1 & give 8 ?\ght a m pron\nc$ pan!i/ic col\r+4 ,_h he be5 :olly absorb$1 h[ev]1 9 su* my/ical contemplation1 we %\ld h _h little to /udy 9 him t 0 new2 only "o m case ( s5sibility & fancy ov]p[]+ a timid intellect1 "o m gift$ nature arre/$ at ! /age ( bewild]m5t4 ,b z ,jean ,lahor is only a pseudonym = ! man1 s ! sympa?y ) ,india :i* t "n indicates is only "o phase ( ! ?9k]4 ,our poet pursu$ ! /udy ( m$ic9e2 he realiz$ 9 ! concrete ! ord]ly complexities ( natural law & ! sordid realities ( human life4 ,! vague1 s5su\s en?usiasm ) :i* he _h foll[$ ! flux ( images 9 8 fancy 0 n[ sob]$ by an accurate k ( ! mis]ies1 ! defeats1 ! %ames t lie b5ea?4 ,8 poetic s5se ( illusion 0 deep5$ into a moral s5se ( wrong4 ,! same ke5ness ( p]ception1 ! same p[] ( graphic expression1 :i* _h made him dwell on ! luxuriance ( ,nature n[ made him pa9t ! irony & brutality ( life4 ,!re is "h & !re a t\* ( bitt]ness & exagg]ation 9 ! satire1 z if ! man ( sci5ce felt a p]sonal res5tm5t aga9/ a _w t _h s *eat$ ! poet4 ,yet ! two descriptions are f> f inconsi/5t2 we h m]ely le>n$ to und]/& z a process & to conceive z an inn] exp]i5ce :at be=e we _h admir$ z a spectacle4 ,a sci5tific view has come to give def9ition & coh]5ce to ph5om5a :i* a poetical pan!ism m]ely salut$ z !y pass$ & disappe>$ into ! primordial d>kness1 or1 if y l1 into ! primordial light4 ,! two sy/ems diff] 9 tone & 9 me?od1 b n 9 result4 ,natural sci5ce1 l pan!ism1 pres5ts u ) a univ]sal flux1 9 :i* some?+1 we kn[n n :at1 moves1 we "k n :y1 we "k n :i!r4 ,! me?od ( ?is trans=mation may be m or less accurately describ$1 ! g5]al s5se ( cont9uity & necessity may f9d a m or less specific expression 9 ! v>i\s fields ( exp]i5ce2 yet ! outcome is /ill ! same :irligig4 ,we f9d ourselves 9 ei!r case confront$ by ! same gloire du nant1 by a no?+ t lives & t is beautiful 9 its no?+ness4 ,^! two elem5ts 9 ,jean ,lahor's philosophy1 ! ,ori5tal & ! sci5tific1 w\ld ?us t5d alike to repres5t man ) 8 intellig5ce z ! product & ! captive ( an irrational eng9e call$ ! univ]se4 ,_m a man accepts ?is solution & reconciles himself z be/ he c to ! tru? z x appe>s to him4 ,:at is !re1 he may say1 s dreadful 9 mutability8 ,:at s intol]able 9 ultimate ignorance8 ,we "k :at we ne$ to "k1 & ?+s la/1 p]haps1 z long z !y des]ve to la/4 ,s1 once conv9c$ t 8 naturali/ic philosophy is f9al1 a man w sil5ce ! dem&s ( 8 own reason & call !m *im]ical4 ,!re is no?+ to :i* m51 :ile !y h food & dr9k1 _c reconcile !mselves4 ,!y w put up ) pres5t suff]+1 ) ! c]ta9ty ( dea?1 ) solitude1 ) %ame1 ) wrong1 ) ! expectation ( et]nal damnation4 ,9 ! face ( su* ?+s1 !y c n only be happy = ! mom5t1 b solemnly ?ank ,god = hav+ br\ght !m into exi/5ce4 ,habit is /rong] ?an reason1 & ! respect = fact /rong] ?an ! respect = ! ideal2 nor w\ld ! ideal & reason ev] prevail did !y n make up 9 p]si/5ce :at !y lack 9 mom5t>y en]gy4 ,x w\ld h be5 easy1 !re=e1 = ,jean ,lahor1 z = ! re/ ( u1 to rema9 9 ! naturali/ic _w1 _h he _h only poetical intuition1 or only sci5tific tra9+1 or only bo?4 ,b !re 0 also 9 him a ?ird & a moral elem5t1 an impulse t[>d ideal creation1 a sp>k ( ,prome!an fire4 ,he felt a g5u9e admiration = t humane c\rage :i* made ! ,greeks1 = all _! cle> consci\sness ( fate1 hopeful )\t illusions & indep5d5t )\t rebellion4 ,9 ! bosom ( ! intractable inf9ite he /ill di/+ui%$ ! "w ( human reason--! cosmos ( society1 "*1 & art--l a ,noah's ark float+ 9 ! ,deluge4 ,8 imag9ation _h succumb$ to ! dream ( s5se2 8 art _h n attempt$ ! task ( impos+ a mean+ or an immortal =m ^u ,nature3 b 8 consci5ce & 8 political in/9ct _h held out aga9/ ! fasc9ations ( ,maya4 ,! ,greek ass]t$ himself "h aga9/ ! b>b>ian1 ! morali/ aga9/ ! naturali/4 ,nor 0 ?is a m]ely accid5tal addition or an inconsi/5cy4 ,x 0 ! explicit expression ( t creative reason :i* _h all along *af$ "u ! dom9ion ( brute fact & ( p]petual illusion4 ,! same moral en]gy :i* _h made him a pessimi/ 9 ! pres5ce ( ,nature made him an ideali/ at ! ?re%old ( life4 ,= :y %\ld ! natural _w ev] come to be call$ a _w ( illusion8 ,to call ! vivid objects ( s5se illusory is to comp>e !m to _! disadvantage ) some?+ else :i* we conceive z m wor?y ( ! title ( reality4 ,?is deep] reality mu/ be some?+ ideal1 some?+ p]man5t1 some?+ conceiv$ by ! intellect1 & :i* only a man hav+ fai? 9 ! intellect c\ld pref] to ! objects ( s5se or fancy4 ,! ,h9doos t our au?or ?9ks s mu* ak9 to himself w\ld h>dly und]/& ?is rational bias ( 8 ?\ght1 ?is =egone dissatisfaction ) a _w ( inf9ite *ange & indef9ite /ructure4 ,!y w\ld accept z a natural fact t p]petual flux :i* he emphasizes z a p>adox & lam5ts z a calamity4 ,9 spite ( 8 /udi$ imm]sion 9 s5su\s illusion1 he is /ill a native ( ! sph]e ( intelligible ?+s1 & x is only ! difficulty ( f9d+ ! p]man5t be+s :i* he is incl9$ to look = & 9 ! pres5ce ( :i* he c\ld alone re/1 t makes him l+] ) tragic self-consci\sness 9 ! region ( fleet+ %ad[s4 ,accord+ly we ne$ n be surpris$ by ! some:at =c$ & pessimi/ic note ( a pan!ism :i* is really exotic1 & we may be prep>$ to f9d ! pla/ic m9d ass]t+ itself ultimately aga9/ t sy/em4 ,s ,jean ,lahor1 aft] ! gr\ps ( ?\ghts :i* he puts "u ! title ( ,l'ori5t & ,le ciel du ,nord1 adds ano!r gr\p "u ! title ( ,cosmos4 ,x w\ld require a philosophical treatise ( great] pret5tions ?an ! little book be=e u to expla9 fully h[ ?is cosmos c arise out ( ! *aos ( me*anical =ces1 & h[ ! life & ! "w ( reason c be sup]pos$ ^u ! life ( s5se & imag9ation4 ,our au?or's vision1 fix$ z x is on concrete images & express$ 9 deta*$ epigrams1 does n always ext5d to ! philosophical relations ( 8 ?\ghts4 ,yet he (f]s1 p]haps unconsci\sly1 an admirable v>iation ( t revolution ( ?\ght :i* is associat$ ) ! "n ( ,kant4 ,he proposes to u z ! "w ( human intellig5ce :at is commonly believ$ to be ! "w ( ,god4 ,! univ]se1 ap>t f u1 is a *aos1 b x may be made a cosmos by our ef=ts & 9 our own m9ds4 ,! laws ( ev5ts1 ap>t f u1 are inhuman & irrational1 b 9 ! sph]e ( human activity !y may be dom9at$ by reason4 ,we are a "p ( ! bl9d en]gy beh9d ,nature1 b by virtue ( t en]gy we impose our purposes on ! "p ( ,nature :i* we con/itute or control4 ,we c turn f ! /upefy+ contemplation ( an ali5 univ]se to ! build+ ( our own h\se1 kn[+ t1 ali5 z x is1 t univ]se has *anc$ to bl[ its en]gy also into our w & to all[ itself to be p>tially dom9at$ by our intellig5ce4 ,our m]e exi/5ce & ! modicum ( success we h atta9$ 9 society1 sci5ce1 & art are ! liv+ pro(s ( ?is human p[]4 ,! ex]cise ( ?is p[] is ! task appo9t$ = u by ! indomitable prompt+s ( our own _s1 a task 9 :i* we ne$ n lab\r )\t hope4 ,= z ! v>i\s plants & animals h f\nd foo?old & room to gr[1 ma9ta9+ = long p]iods ! life cong5ial to !m1 s ! human race may be able to a*ieve some?+ l its p]fection & its ideal1 ma9ta9+ = an indef9ite "t all t x values1 n by virtue ( an alleg$ int5tional protection ( ,provid5ce1 b by its own wat*ful art & exceptional good =tune4 ,! ideal is itself a function ( ! reality & _c !re=e be altoge!r out ( h>mony ) ! conditions ( its own bir? & p]si/5ce4 ,civilization is prec>i\s1 b x ne$ n be %ort-liv$4 ,its inception is already a pro( t !re exi/s an equilibrium ( =ces :i* is fav\rable to its exi/5ce2 & !re is no reason to suppose ?is equilibrium to be less /able ?an t :i* keeps ! planets revolv+ 9 _! orbits4 ,!re is no impossibility1 !re=e1 9 ! hope t ! human w may h "t to und]/& itself1 &1 hav+ und]/ood itself1 to realize ! objects ( its rational desire4 ,we see t ! ,cosmos "h invok$ is n inconsi/5t ) ! ,no?+ness be=e describ$4 ,x is a triumph amid illusions1 an ord] )9 *aos1 la gloire du nant4 ,?is h9t ( a reconciliation betwe5 ! practical optimism natural to an active be+1 & ! speculative pessimism inevitable to an intellig5t "o1 is happi] ?an ! muddl$ solutions ( ! same problem ) :i* curr5t philosophies h made u famili>4 ,! philosophy sugge/$ by ,jean ,lahor is t ( ,sp9oza1 if we subtract f ! latt] its my/ical optimism1 & add a broad appreciation ( human culture4 ,man _c atta9 8 happ9ess by con=m+ to t :i* is ho/ile to himself2 he c ?us atta9 only 8 dissolution4 ,b by us+ :at is ho/ile to himself = 8 own ends1 z f> z 8 en]gy ext5ds1 he c make an oasis = himself 9 ,nature1 & be+ at peace ) himself1 be at peace also ) h]4 ,su* a view has "s relation to ! real conditions ( human life & progress4 ,:at is call$ ! high] optimism1 on ! contr>y1 commonly consi/s 9 rec\nt+ all ! evils ( exi/5ce ) a radiant c\nt5ance1 & tell+ u t !y are all div9e m9i/]s ( "s glori\s consummation2 b :at ?is consummation is nev] appe>s1 & we are r$uc$ 9 practice to a m]e glorification ( impulse4 ,we are simply invit$ to accept ! conditions ( life z !y are1 & to f9d 9 incid5tal successes a comp5sation = incid5tal or--z we %\ld say if we 7 s9c]e--= ess5tial failures4 ,su* an optimism impairs by a k9d ( philosophic ,nature-wor%ip t moral loyalty :i* consi/s 9 giv+ ! highe/ hon\r to ! highe/1 n to ! /ronge/1 ?+s4 ,x sub/itutes1 z pan!ism mu/1 ! /udy ( t5d5cies = ! /udy ( ends1 & ! dignity ( success = ! dignity ( ju/ice4 ,?is moral confusion our au?or avoids by 8 great] s9c]ity4 ,he has und]/ood h[ fundam5tally t man is a dupe :o does n beg9 by settl+ 8 acc\nts ) ,despair4 ,!re is no safety 9 lies2 !re is no safety ev5 9 po/ulates4 ,let ! wor/ ( ! tru? appe>1 & :5 x has once se5 ! light1 let x n be imm$iately wrapp$ up aga9 9 ! swaddl+ clo!s ( an equivocal rhetoric4 ,9 su* a dis+5u\s c\rse !re is bo? tem]ity & c[>dice3 tem]ity 9 ?r[+ away ! opportunity1 always af=d$ by ! recognition ( fact1 ( cultivat+ ! real faculties ( human nature2 c[>dice 9 n be+ will+ to face ) pati5ce & dignity ! situation 9 :i* fate appe>s to h put u4 ,t ,nature is imm5se1 t h] laws are me*anical1 t ! exi/5ce & well-be+ ( man ^u e>? are1 f ! po9t ( view ( ! univ]se1 an indiff]5t incid5t1--all ?is is 9 ! fir/ place to be cle>ly recogniz$4 ,x is ! lesson :i* bo? poetic contemplation & practical sci5ce _h taught ,jean ,lahor4 ,_h he /opp$ to subject 8 op9ion to metaphysical criticism1 he w\ld n1 ,i ?9k1 h f\nd reason to *ange x4 ,to subjectify ! univ]se is n to improve x1 mu* less to dissolve x4 ,! space ,i call my idea has all ! prop]ties ( ! space ,i call$ my environm5t2 x has ! same inevitable pres5ce & ! same fundam5tal validity4 ,because x is a law ( our intellig5ce t two & two make f\r1 & ! implications ( t law may be trac$ by ab/ract ?\ght1 ! _w :i* is subject to t ari?metical pr9ciple is n made m am5able to our high] dem&s ?an if x _h be5 ari?metical ( its own sweet w4 ,x is n made docile by be+ call$ our creature4 ,inde$1 :at is less docile to u ?an ourselves8 :at less subject to our correction ?an ! f\ndations ( our own be+8 ,s :5 ! ,kantian philosophy tea*es u to look ^u ! envelop+ univ]se z a figm5t ( ! und]/&+ & on its laws z results ( m5tal syn!sis & inf]5ce1 we are /ill pursu$ by ! inevitable pres5ce ( t figm5t & confront$ involunt>ily by t result4 ,nay1 ! conditions ( our ?\ght1 l ! pr$ispositions ( our *>act]s1 are ! mo/ fatal & inexorable ( our limitations4 ,:y ! _w is z x is1 :e!r ( itself or by refraction 9 ! m$ium ( our intellect1 is n a "q t affects ! practical morali/4 ,:at conc]ns him is t ! laws ( ! _w1 :atev] _! orig91 are fix$ & un*angeable conditions ( our happ9ess4 ,we _c *ange ! _w1 ev5 if we boa/ to h made x2 we mu/ 9 any case le>n to live ) x1 :e!r x be our p>5t or our *ild4 ,to veil its "* ) euphemisms or to supply its defects ) sup]/iti\s assumptions is a c\rse unwor?y ( a brave man & abhorr5t to a prud5t "o4 ,:at we %\ld d is to make a mode/ inv5tory ( our possessions & a j e/imate ( our p[]s 9 ord] to apply bo?1 ) :at /r5g? we h1 to ! realization ( our ideals 9 society1 9 art1 & 9 sci5ce4 ,^! w con/itute our ,cosmos4 ,9 build+ x--= !re is none o!r t builds x = u--we %all be c>ry+ on ! "w ( ! only race t has yet s]i\sly attempt$ to live rationally1 ! race to :i* we owe ! "n & ! idea ( a ,cosmos1 z well z ! beg9n+s ( its realization4 ,we %all !n be mak+ t r>e advance 9 wisdom :i* consi/s 9 ab&on+ our illusions ! bett] to atta9 our ideals4 ,x ,,! ,,elem5ts ,,& ,,function ,,( ,,poetry ,if a critic1 9 despair ( giv+ a s]i\s def9ition ( poetry1 %\ld be satisfi$ ) say+ t poetry is metrical disc\rse1 he w\ld no d\bt be giv+ an inadequate acc\nt ( ! matt]1 yet n "o ( :i* he ne$ be a%am$ or :i* he %\ld reg>d z sup]ficial4 ,al?\gh a poem be n made by c\nt+ ( syllables ^u ! f+]s1 yet numb]s is ! mo/ poetical synonym we h = v]se1 & measure ! mo/ significant equival5t = beauty1 = goodness1 & p]haps ev5 = tru?4 ,^? e>ly & pr(\nd philosoph]s1 ! foll[]s ( ,py?agoras1 saw ! ess5ce ( all ?+s 9 numb]1 & x 0 by weight1 measure1 & numb]1 z we read 9 ! ,bible1 t ! ,creator fir/ br\ght ,nature out ( ! void4 ,e human ar*itect mu/ d likewise ) 8 edifice2 he mu/ m\ld 8 bricks or hew 8 /ones into symmetrical solids & lay !m ov] "o ano!r 9 regul> /rata1 l a poet's l9es4 ,measure is a condition ( p]fection1 = p]fection requires t ord] %\ld be p]vasive1 t n only ! :ole be=e u %\ld h a =m1 b t e "p 9 turn %\ld h a =m ( its own1 & t ^? p>ts %\ld be coord9at$ among !mselves z ! :ole is coord9at$ ) ! o!r p>ts ( "s great] cosmos4 ,leibnitz light$ 9 8 speculations ^u a conception ( organic nature :i* may be false z a fact1 b :i* is excell5t z an ideal2 he tells u t ! diff]5ce betwe5 liv+ & dead matt]1 betwe5 animals & ma*9es1 is t ! =m] are compos$ ( p>ts t are !mselves organic1 e portion ( ! body be+ itself a ma*9e1 & e portion ( t ma*9e /ill a ma*9e1 & s ad inf9itum2 :]eas1 9 artificial bodies ! organization is n 9 ?is mann] inf9itely deep4 ,f9e ,art1 9 ?is z 9 all ?+s1 imitates ! me?od ( ,nature & makes its mo/ beautiful works out ( mat]ials t are !mselves beautiful4 ,s t ev5 if ! diff]5ce betwe5 v]se & prose consi/$ only 9 measure1 t diff]5ce w\ld already be analog\s to t betwe5 jewels & clay4 ,! /uff ( language is words1 & ! s5su\s mat]ial ( words is s\nd2 if language !re=e is to be made p]fect1 its mat]ials mu/ be made beautiful by be+ !mselves subject$ to a measure1 & end[$ ) a =m4 ,x is true t language is a symbol = intellig5ce r ?an a /imulus to s5se1 & accord+ly ! beauties ( disc\rse :i* commonly attract att5tion are m]ely ! beauties ( ! objects & ideas signifi$2 yet ! symbols h a s5sible reality ( _! own1 a euphony :i* appeals to our s5ses if we keep !m op54 ,! tongue w *oose ^? =ms ( utt]ance :i* h a natural grace z m]e s\nd & s5sation2 ! memory w reta9 ^! cat*es1 & !y w pass & repass ?r\gh ! m9d until !y become types ( in/9ctive spee* & /&>ds ( pleas+ expression4 ,! highe/ =m ( su* euphony is song2 ! s++ voice gives to ! s\nds x utt]s ! ?rill ( tonality1--a ?rill itself dep5d5t1 z we "k1 on ! num]ical proportions ( ! vibrations t x includes4 ,b ?is k9d ( euphony & s5su\s beauty1 ! deepe/ t s\nds c h1 we h almo/ :olly surr5d]$ 9 our spee*4 ,our intellig5ce has become complex1 & language1 to express our ?\ghts1 mu/ commonly be m rapid1 copi\s1 & ab/ract ?an is compatible ) s++4 ,music at ! same "t has become complex also1 & :5 unit$ ) words1 at "o "t disfigures !m 9 ! elaboration ( its melody1 & at ano!r ov]p[]s !m 9 ! volume ( its s\nd4 ,s t ! art ( s++ is n[ 9 ! same plight z t ( sculpture1--an ab/ract & conv5tional ?+ surviv+ by =ce ( tradition & ( an innate b n[ impot5t impulse1 :i* "u simpl] conditions w\ld "w itself out into ! prop] =ms ( ^? arts4 ,! true/ k9d ( euphony is ?us d5i$ to our poetry4 ,if any v]ses are /ill set to music1 !y are commonly ! wor/ only1 *os5 = ! purpose by musicians ( specializ$ s5sibility & inf]ior intellig5ce1 :o seem to be attract$ only by tawdry effects ( rhetoric & s5tim5t4 ,:5 song is giv5 up1 !re /ill rema9s 9 spee* a c]ta9 s5su\s quality1 due to ! nature & ord] ( ! v[els & consonants t compose ! s\nds4 ,?is k9d ( euphony is n neglect$ by ! m dulcet poets1 & is n[ s /udi$ 9 "s qu>t]s t ,i h he>d x ma9ta9$ by a critic ( relative au?ority t ! beauty ( poetry consi/s entirely 9 ! frequ5t utt]ance ( ! s\nd ( j & %1 & ! consequ5t copi\s fl[ ( saliva 9 ! m\?4 ,b ev5 if saliva is n ! :ole ess5ce ( poetry1 !re is an unmi/akable & fundam5tal div]sity ( effect 9 ! v>i\s vocalization ( diff]5t poets1 :i* becomes all ! m evid5t :5 we comp>e ^? :o use diff]5t languages4 ,"o man's spee*1 or "o nation's1 is compact1 cr[d$ ) consonants1 rugg$1 brok5 ) emphatic beats2 ano!r man's1 or nation's1 is op51 tripp+1 rapid1 & ev54 ,s ,byron1 m+l+ 9 8 boyi% fa%ion burlesque ) exquisite s5tim5t1 contra/s ,engli% ) ,italian spee*3-- ,i love ! language1 t s(t ba/>d ,lat9 ,:i* melts l kisses f a female m\? ,& s\nds z if x %\ld be writ on sat9 ,) syllables :i* brea! ( ! sweet ,s\?1 ,& g5tle liquids glid+ all s pat 9 ,t n a s+le acc5t seems unc\?1 ,l our h>% ,nor!rn :i/l+1 grant+ guttural ,:i* we're oblig$ to hiss & spit & sputt] all4 ,& yet ^! contra/s1 /rong :5 we comp>e extreme cases1 fade f our consci\sness 9 ! actual use ( a "m-tongue4 ,! function makes u unconsci\s ( ! in/rum5t1 all ! m z x is an indisp5sable & almo/ inv>iable "o4 ,! s5se ( euphony accord+ly atta*es itself r to ano!r & m v>iable quality2 ! tune1 or measure1 or rhy?m ( spee*4 ,! elem5t>y s\nds are prescrib$ by ! language we use1 & ! selection we may make among ^? s\nds is limit$2 b ! arrangem5t ( words is /ill undet]m9$1 & by ca/+ our spee* into ! m\lds ( metre & rhyme we c give x a height5$ p[]1 ap>t f its significance4 ,a tol]able def9ition ( poetry1 on its =mal side1 might be f\nd 9 ?is3 t poetry is spee* 9 :i* ! in/rum5t c\nts z well z ! mean+--poetry is spee* = its own sake & = its own sweetness4 ,z common w9d[s are int5d$ only to admit ! light1 b pa9t$ w9d[s also to dye x1 & to be an object ( att5tion 9 !mselves z well z a cause ( visibility 9 o!r ?+s1 s1 :ile ! pure/ prose is a m]e vehicle ( ?\ght1 v]se1 l /a9$ glass1 arre/s att5tion 9 its own intricacies1 confuses x 9 its own glories1 & is ev5 at times all[$ to d>k5 & puzzle 9 ! hope ( ca/+ ov] u a sup]natural spell4 ,long passages 9 ,%elley's ,revolt ( ,islam & ,keats' ,endymion are poetical 9 ?is s5se2 ! read] ga!rs1 probably1 no def9ite mean+1 b is consci\s ( a poetic m$ium1 ( spee* euphoni\s & measur$1 & r$ol5t ( a k9d ( objectless passion :i* is little m ?an ! s5sation ( ! movem5t & s5su\s ri*ness ( ! l9es4 ,su* poetry is n great2 x has1 9 fact1 a t$i\s vacuity1 & is unwor?y ( a mature m9d2 b x is poetical1 & c\ld be produc$ only by a legitimate *ild ( ! ,muse4 ,x belongs to an appr5tice%ip1 b 9 ?is case ! appr5tice%ip ( g5ius4 ,x be>s t relation to great poems :i* scales & aimless w>bl+s be> to great s++--!y te/ ! ess5tial end[m5t & f95ess ( ! organ :i* is to be employ$ 9 ! art4 ,)\t ?is s5su\s backgr\nd & +ra9$ pr$isposition to beauty1 no art c rea* ! deepe/ & mo/ exquisite effects2 & ev5 )\t an intelligible sup]/ructure ^! s5su\s qualities suffice to give t ?rill ( exaltation1 t sugge/ion ( an ideal _w1 :i* we feel 9 ! pres5ce ( any true beauty4 ,! s5su\s beauty ( words & _! utt]ance 9 measure suffice1 !re=e1 = poetry ( "o sort--:]e ^! are !re is some?+ unmi/akably poetical1 al?\gh ! :ole ( poetry1 or ! be/ ( poetry1 be n yet !re4 ,inde$1 9 su* works z ,! ,revolt ( ,islam or ,endymion !re is already m ?an m]e metre & s\nd2 !re is ! col\r & *oice ( words1 ! fanciful1 ri*1 or exquisite juxtaposition ( phrases4 ,! vocabul>y & ! texture ( ! /yle are preci\s2 affect$1 p]haps1 b at any rate ref9$4 ,?is quality1 :i* is t almo/ exclusively exploit$ by ! ,symboli/1 we may call euphuism--! *oice ( col\r$ words & r>e & elliptical phrases4 ,if great poets are l ar*itects & sculptors1 ! euphui/s are l gold-smi?s & jewell]s2 _! "w is filigree 9 preci\s metals1 encru/$ ) gl[+ /ones4 ,n[ euphuism contributes n a little to ! poetic effect ( ! tirades ( ,keats & ,%elley2 if we wi% to see ! p[] ( v]sification )\t euphuism we may turn to ! tirades ( ,pope1 :]e metre & euphony are display$ alone1 & we h ! outl9e or skeleton ( poetry )\t ! fill+4 ,9 spite ( pride1 9 err+ reason's spite1 ,"o tru? is cle>1 ,:atev] is1 is "r4 ,we %\ld hesitate to say t su* writ+ 0 truly poetical2 s t "s euphuism w\ld seem to be necess>y z well z metre1 to ! =mal ess5ce ( poetry4 ,an example ( ?is sort1 h[ev]1 takes u out ( ! m]ely v]bal into ! imag9ative region2 ! reason t ,pope is h>dly poetical to u is n t he is inh>moni\s1--n a defect ( euphony1--b t he is too intellectual & has an excess ( m5tality4 ,x is easi] = words to be poetical )\t any ?\ght1 :5 !y are felt m]ely z s5su\s & musical1 ?an = !m to rema9 s :5 !y convey an ab/ract notion1--especially if t notion be a t>t & frigid sophism1 l t ( ! c\plet j quot$4 ,! pyrote*nics ( ! intellect !n take ! place ( ! gl[ ( s5se1 & ! artifice ( ?\ght *ills ! pleasure we might h tak5 9 ! grace ( expression4 ,if poetry 9 its high] rea*es is m philosophical ?an hi/ory1 because x pres5ts ! memorable types ( m5 & ?+s ap>t f unmean+ circum/ances1 s 9 its prim>y sub/ance & texture poetry is m philosophical ?an prose because x is ne>] to our imm$iate exp]i5ce4 ,poetry breaks up ! trite conceptions designat$ by curr5t words into ! s5su\s qualities out ( :i* ^? conceptions 7 orig9ally put toge!r4 ,we "n :at we conceive & believe 91 n :at we see2 ?+s1 n images2 s\ls1 n voices & silh\ettes4 ,?is nam+1 ) ! :ole education ( ! s5ses :i* x accompanies1 subs]ves ! uses ( life2 9 ord] to ?read our way ?r\gh ! labyr9? ( objects :i* assault u1 we mu/ make a great selection 9 our s5su\s exp]i5ce2 half ( :at we see & he> we mu/ pass ov] z insignificant1 :ile we piece out ! o!r half ) su* an ideal complem5t z is necess>y to turn x into a fix$ & well-ord]$ _w4 ,?is lab\r ( p]ception & und]/&+1 ?is spell+ ( ! mat]ial mean+ ( exp]i5ce is en%r9$ 9 our "w-a-day language & ideas2 ideas :i* are lit]ally poetic 9 ! s5se t !y are made 7= e conception 9 an adult m9d is a fiction71 b :i* are at ! same "t prosaic because !y are made economically1 by ab/raction1 & = use4 ,:5 ! *ild ( poetic g5ius1 :o has le>n$ ?is intellectual & utilit>ian language 9 ! cradle1 goes afield & ga!rs = himself ! aspects ( ,nature1 he beg9s to encumb] 8 m9d ) ! _m liv+ impressions :i* ! intellect reject$1 & :i* ! language ( ! intellect c h>dly convey2 he lab\rs ) 8 nameless burd5 ( p]ception1 & wa/es himself 9 aimless impulses ( emotion & rev]y1 until f9ally ! me?od ( "s art (f]s a v5t to 8 inspiration1 or to su* "p ( x z c survive ! te/ ( "t & ! discipl9e ( expression4 ,! poet reta9s by nature ! innoc5ce ( ! eye1 or recov]s x easily2 he dis9tegrates ! fictions ( common p]ception into _! s5su\s elem5ts1 ga!rs ^! toge!r aga9 into *ance gr\ps z ! accid5ts ( 8 environm5t or ! aff9ities ( 8 temp]am5t may conjo9 !m2 & ?is weal? ( s5sation & ?is fre$om ( fancy1 :i* make an extraord9>y f]m5t 9 8 ignorant he>t1 pres5tly bubble ov] into "s k9d ( utt]ance4 ,! fulness & s5su\sness ( su* effusions br+ !m ne>] to our actual p]ceptions ?an common disc\rse c\ld come2 yet !y may easily seem remote1 ov]load$1 & obscure to ^? accu/om$ to ?9k entirely 9 symbols1 & nev] to be int]rupt$ 9 ! algebraic rapidity ( _! ?9k+ by a mom5t's pause & exam9ation ( he>t1 nor ev] to plunge = a mom5t into t torr5t ( s5sation & imag]y ov] :i* ! bridge ( prosaic associations habitually c>ries u safe & dry to "s conv5tional act4 ,h[ slight t bridge commonly is1 h[ mu* an affair ( tre/les & wire1 we c h>dly conceive until we h tra9$ ourselves to an extreme %>pness ( introspection4 ,b psy*ologi/s h discov]$1 :at laym5 g5]ally w confess1 t we hurry by ! procession ( our m5tal images z we d by ! traffic ( ! /reet1 int5t on bus9ess1 gladly =gett+ ! noise & movem5t ( ! sc5e1 & look+ only = ! corn] we w\ld turn or ! door we w\ld ent]4 ,yet 9 our al]te/ mom5t ! dep?s ( ! s\l are /ill dream+2 ! real _w /&s drawn 9 b>e outl9e aga9/ a backgr\nd ( *aos & unre/4 ,our logical ?\ghts dom9ate exp]i5ce only z ! p>allels & m]idians make a *eck]-bo>d ( ! sea4 ,!y guide our voyage )\t controll+ ! waves1 :i* toss = ev] 9 spite ( our ability to ride ov] !m to our *os5 ends4 ,sanity is a madness put to good uses2 wak+ life is a dream controll$4 ,out ( ! neglect$ ri*es ( ?is dream ! poet fet*es 8 w>es4 ,he dips into ! *aos t und]lies ! rational %ell ( ! _w & br+s up "s sup]flu\s image1 "s emotion dropp$ by ! way1 & reatta*es x to ! pres5t object2 he re9/ates ?+s unnecess>y1 he emphasizes ?+s ignor$1 he pa9ts 9 aga9 into ! l&scape ! t9ts :i* ! intellect has all[$ to fade f x4 ,if he seems sometimes to obscure a fact1 x is only because he is re/or+ an exp]i5ce4 ,we may obs]ve ?is process 9 ! simple/ cases4 ,:5 ,ossian1 m5tion+ ! sun1 says x is r\nd z ! %ield ( 8 fa!rs1 ! expression is poetical4 ,:y8 ,because he has add$ to ! ^w sun1 9 itself suffici5t & unequivocal1 o!r words1 unnecess>y = practical cle>ness1 b s]v+ to re/ore ! individuality ( 8 p]ception & its associations 9 8 m9d4 ,!re is no squ>e sun ) :i* ! sun he is speak+ ( c\ld be confus$2 to /op & call x r\nd is a luxury1 a halt+ 9 ! s5sation = ! love ( its =m4 ,& to g on to tell u1 :at is :olly imp]t95t1 t ! %ield ( 8 fa!rs 0 r\nd also1 is to invite u to foll[ ! *ance w&]+s ( 8 fancy1 to give u a little glimpse ( ! /uff+ ( 8 own bra91 or1 we might almo/ say1 to turn ov] ! patt]n ( 8 embroid]y & %[ u ! loose ?reads hang+ out on ! wrong side4 ,su* an escapade di/urbs & int]rupts ! true vision ( ! object1 & a great poet1 ris+ to a p]fect conception ( ! sun & =gett+ himself1 w\ld h disda9$ to make x2 b x has a romantic & pa?ological int]e/1 x re/ores an exp]i5ce1 & is 9 t measure poetical4 ,we h be5 made to halt at ! s5sation1 & to p5etrate = a mom5t into its backgr\nd ( dream4 ,b x is n only ?\ghts or images t ! poet draws 9 ?is way f ! /ore ( 8 exp]i5ce1 to clo! ! b>e =m ( conv5tional objects3 he (t5 adds to ^! objects a m subtle ornam5t1 drawn f ! same s\rce4 ,= ! fir/ elem5t :i* ! intellect rejects 9 =m+ its ideas ( ?+s is ! emotion :i* accompanies ! p]ception2 & ?is emotion is ! fir/ ?+ ! poet re/ores4 ,he /ops at ! image1 because he /ops to enjoy4 ,he w&]s into ! by-pa?s ( association because ! by-pa?s are delightful4 ,! love ( beauty :i* made him give measure & cad5ce to 8 words1 ! love ( h>mony :i* made him rhyme !m1 reappe> 9 8 imag9ation & make him select !re also ! mat]ial t is itself beautiful1 or capable ( assum+ beautiful =ms4 ,! l9k t b9ds toge!r ! ideas1 sometimes s wide ap>t1 :i* 8 wit assimilates1 is mo/ (t5 ! l9k ( emotion2 !y h 9 common "s elem5t ( beauty or ( horror4 ,! poet's art is to a great ext5t ! art ( int5sify+ emotions by assembl+ ! scatt]$ objects t naturally ar\se !m4 ,he sees ! aff9ities ( ?+s by see+ _! common aff9ities ) passion4 ,z ! guid+ pr9ciple ( practical ?9k+ is "s int]e/1 s t only :at is p]t95t to t int]e/ is select$ by ! att5tion2 z ! guid+ pr9ciple ( sci5tific ?9k+ is "s connection ( ?+s 9 "t or space1 or "s id5tity ( law2 s 9 poetic ?9k+ ! guid+ pr9ciple is (t5 a mood or a quality ( s5tim5t4 ,by ?is union ( disp>ate ?+s hav+ a common ov]tone ( feel+1 ! feel+ is itself evok$ 9 all its /r5g?2 nay1 x is (t5 creat$ = ! fir/ "t1 mu* z by a new mixture ( old pigm5ts ,p]ug9o c\ld produce ! unprec$5t$ limpidity ( 8 col\r1 or ,titian ! unprec$5t$ gl[ ( 84 ,poets c ?us ar\se s5tim5ts f9] ?an any :i* !y h kn[n1 & 9 ! act ( composition become discov]]s ( new realms ( delightfulness & grief4 ,expression is a mislead+ t]m :i* sugge/s t some?+ previ\sly kn[n is r5d]$ or imitat$2 :]eas ! expression is itself an orig9al fact1 ! values ( :i* are !n ref]r$ to ! ?+ express$1 mu* z ! hon\rs ( a ,*9ese m&>9 are attribut$ retroactively to 8 p>5ts4 ,s ! *>m :i* a poet1 by 8 art ( comb9+ images & %ades ( emotion1 ca/s ov] a sc5e or an action1 is atta*$ to ! pr9cipal actor 9 x1 :o gets ! b5efit ( ! sett+ furni%$ him by a well-/ock$ m9d4 ,! poet is himself subject to ?is illusion1 & a great "p ( :at is call$ poetry1 al?\gh by no means ! be/ "p ( x1 consi/s 9 ?is sort ( idealization by proxy4 ,we dye ! _w ( our own col\r2 by a pa!tic fallacy1 by a false projection ( s5tim5t1 we soak ,nature ) our own feel+1 & !n celebrate h] t5d] sympa?y ) our moral be+4 ,?is ab]ration1 z we see 9 ! case ( ,wordswor?1 is n inconsi/5t ) a high developm5t ( bo? ! faculties :i* x confuses1--,i mean vision & feel+4 ,on ! contr>y1 vision & feel+1 :5 mo/ abundant & orig9al1 mo/ easily pres5t !mselves 9 ?is undivid$ =m4 ,!re w\ld be ne$ ( a =ce ( intellect :i* poets r>ely possess to rationalize _! inspiration )\t dim9i%+ its volume3 & if1 z is commonly ! case1 ! en]gy ( ! dream & ! passion 9 !m is great] ?an t ( ! reason1 & !y _c atta9 true propriety & supreme beauty 9 _! works1 !y c1 nev]!less1 fill !m ) lovely images & a f9e moral _s4 ,! p\r+ =? ( bo? p]ceptive & emotional elem5ts 9 _! mix$ & indiscrim9ate =m gives to ?is k9d ( imag9ation ! directness & tru? :i* s5su\s poetry possesses on a l[] level4 ,! out] _w ba!d 9 ! hues ( human feel+1 ! inn] _w express$ 9 ! =ms ( ?+s1--t is ! primitive condition ( bo? be=e intellig5ce & ! prosaic classification ( objects h ab/ract$ !m & assign$ !m to _! respective sph]es4 ,su* id5tifications1 on :i* a c]ta9 k9d ( metaphysics prides itself also1 are n discov]ies ( pr(\nd g5ius2 !y are exactly l ! obs]vation ( ,ossian t ! sun is r\nd & t ! %ield ( 8 fa!rs 0 r\nd too2 !y are dis9tegrations ( conv5tional objects1 s t ! orig9al associates ( our p]ceptions reappe>2 !n ! ?+ & ! emotion :i* *anc$ to be simultane\s are said to be "o1 & we return1 unless a bett] pr9ciple ( organization is sub/itut$ = ! pr9ciple ab&on$1 to ! *aos ( a passive animal consci\sness1 :]e all is mix$ toge!r1 project$ toge!r1 & felt z an unutt]able :ole4 ,! pa!tic fallacy is a return to t e>ly habit ( ?\ght by :i* our ance/ors peopl$ ! _w ) b5evol5t & malevol5t spirits2 :at !y felt 9 ! pres5ce ( objects !y took to be a "p ( ! objects !mselves4 ,9 return+ to ?is natural confusion1 poetry does u a s]vice 9 t %e recalls & consecrates ^? phases ( our exp]i5ce :i*1 z useless to ! und]/&+ ( mat]ial reality1 we are 9 dang] ( =gett+ altoge!r4 ,!re9 is h] vitality1 = %e pi]ces to ! quick & %akes u out ( our s]vile spee* & imag9ative pov]ty2 %e rem9ds u ( all we h felt1 %e invites u ev5 to dream a little1 to nurse ! wond]ful spontane\s creations :i* at e wak+ mom5t we are snuff+ out 9 our bra94 ,& ! indulg5ce is no m]e mom5t>y pleasure2 mu* ( its exub]ance cl+s aft]w>d to our ideas2 we see ! m & feel ! m = t ex]cise2 we are capable ( f9d+ great] ent]ta9m5t 9 ! common aspects ( ,nature & life4 ,:5 ! veil ( conv5tion is once remov$ f our eyes by ! poet1 we are bett] able to dom9ate any p>ticul> exp]i5ce &1 z x 71 to *ange its scale1 n[ los+ ourselves 9 its inf9itesimal texture1 n[ 9 its inf9ite ramifications4 ,if ! function ( poetry1 h[ev]1 did n g beyond ?is recov]y ( s5su\s & imag9ative fre$om1 at ! exp5se ( disrupt+ our useful habits ( ?\ght1 we might be grateful to x = occasionally reliev+ our numbness1 b we %\ld h to admit t x 0 no?+ b a relaxation2 t spiritual discipl9e 0 n to be ga9$ f x 9 any degree1 b mu/ be s\ght :olly 9 t intellectual sy/em t builds ! sci5ce ( ,nature ) ! categories ( prose4 ,s conceiv$1 poetry w\ld des]ve ! judgm5t pass$ by ,plato on all ! arts ( flatt]y & ent]ta9m5t2 x might be cr[n$ z delightful1 b mu/ be ei!r bani%$ altoge!r z m]etrici\s or at lea/ conf9$ to a few =ms & occasions :]e x might d little h>m4 ,! judgm5t ( ,plato has be5 g5]ally condemn$ by philosoph]s1 al?\gh x is em95tly rational1 & ju/ifi$ by ! simple/ pr9ciples ( morals4 ,x has be5 adopt$ in/ead1 al?\gh unwitt+ly1 by ! practical & secul> "p ( mank9d1 :o look ^u arti/s & poets z ineffici5t & bra9-sick p "u ^: spell x w\ld be a s]i\s calamity to fall1 al?\gh !y may be call$ 9 on fea/ days z an ornam5t & luxury toge!r ) ! cooks1 hairdress]s1 & flori/s4 ,sev]al circum/ances1 h[ev]1 might sugge/ to u ! possibility t ! greate/ function ( poetry may be /ill to f9d4 ,plato1 :ile condemn+ ,hom]1 0 a k9d ( poet himself2 8 qu>rel ) ! foll[]s ( ! ,muse 0 n a qu>rel ) ! goddess2 & ! good p ( ,phili/ia1 di/ru/ful z !y may be ( pr(ane art1 pay und\bt+ hon\r to religion1 :i* is a k9d ( poetry z mu* remov$ f _! sph]e z ! midnight revels ^u ,m\nt ,ci!ron1 :i*1 to be sure1 7 also religi\s 9 _! inspiration4 ,:y1 we may ask1 ^! app>5t inconsi/5cies8 ,:y d our practical m5 make room = religion 9 ! backgr\nd ( _! _w8 ,:y did ,plato1 aft] bani%+ ! poets1 poetize ! univ]se 9 8 prose8 ,because ! ab/raction by :i* ! _w ( sci5ce & ( practice is drawn out ( our exp]i5ce1 is too viol5t to satisfy ev5 ! ?\ghtless & vulg>2 ! ideality ( ! ma*9e we call ,nature1 ! conv5tionality ( ! drama we call ! _w1 are too gl>+ n to be someh[ p]ceiv$ by all4 ,ea* mu/ sometimes fall back ^u ! s\l2 he mu/ *all5ge ?is app>ition ) ! ?\ght ( dea?2 he mu/ ask himself = ! ma9spr+ & value ( 8 life4 ,he w !n rememb] 8 /ifl$ loves2 he w feel t only 8 illusions h ev] giv5 him a s5se ( reality1 only 8 passions ! hope & ! vision ( peace4 ,he w read himself ?r\gh & almo/ ga!r a mean+ f 8 exp]i5ce2 at lea/ he w half believe t all he has be5 deal+ ) 0 a dream & a symbol1 & raise 8 eyes t[>d ! tru? beyond4 ,?is pla/ic mom5t ( ! m9d1 :5 we become aw>e ( ! artificiality & inadequacy ( :at common s5se p]ceives1 is ! true mom5t ( poetic opportunity1--an opportunity1 we may ha/5 to confess1 :i* is g5]ally miss$4 ,! /ra9 ( att5tion1 ! conc5tration & focuss+ ( ?\ght on ! unfamili> imm$iacy ( ?+s1 usually br+s ab\t no?+ b confusion4 ,we are daz$1 we are fill$ ) a s5se ( unutt]able ?+s1 lum9\s yet indi/+ui%able1 _m yet "o4 ,in/ead ( ris+ to imag9ation1 we s9k into my/icism4 ,to accompli% a my/ical dis9tegration is n ! function ( any art2 if any art seems to accompli% x1 ! effect is only incid5tal1 be+ involv$1 p]haps1 9 ! process ( con/ruct+ ! prop] object ( t art1 z we might cut d[n trees & dig !m up by ! roots to lay ! f\ndations ( a temple4 ,= e art looks to ! build+ up ( some?+4 ,& j because ! _w built up by common s5se & natural sci5ce is an inadequate _w 7a skeleton :i* ne$s ! fill+ ( s5sation be=e x c live71 !re=e ! mom5t :5 we realize its inadequacy is ! mom5t :5 ! high] arts f9d _! opportunity4 ,:5 ! _w is %att]$ to bits !y c come & build x ne>] to ! he>t's desire4 ,! great function ( poetry1 :i* we h n yet directly m5tion$1 is precisely ?is3 to repair to ! mat]ial ( exp]i5ce1 seiz+ hold ( ! reality ( s5sation & fancy b5ea? ! surface ( conv5tional ideas1 & !n out ( t liv+ b indef9ite mat]ial to build new /ructures1 ri*]1 f9]1 fitt] to ! prim>y t5d5cies ( our nature1 tru] to ! ultimate possibilities ( ! s\l4 ,our desc5t into ! elem5ts ( our be+ is !n ju/ifi$ by our subsequ5t fre] asc5t t[>d its goal2 we rev]t to s5se only to f9d food = reason2 we de/roy conv5tions only to con/ruct ideals4 ,su* analysis = ! sake ( creation is ! ess5ce ( all great poetry4 ,sci5ce & common s5se are !mselves 9 _! way poets ( no mean ord]1 s9ce !y take ! mat]ial ( exp]i5ce & make out ( x a cle>1 symmetrical1 & beautiful _w2 ! v propriety ( ?is art1 h[ev]1 has made x common4 ,its figures h become m]e rhetoric & its metaphors prose4 ,yet1 ev5 z x is1 a sci5tific & ma!matical vision has a high] beauty ?an ! irrational poetry ( s5sation & impulse1 :i* m]ely tickles ! bra91 l liquor1 & plays ^u our r&om1 imag9ative lu/s4 ,! imag9ation ( a great poet1 on ! contr>y1 is z ord]ly z t ( an a/ronom]1 & z l>ge2 he has ! naturali/'s pati5ce1 ! naturali/'s love ( detail & eye tra9$ to see f9e gradations & ess5tial l9es2 he kn[s no hurry2 he has no pose1 no s5se ( orig9ality2 he f9ds 8 effects 9 8 subject1 & 8 subject 9 8 inevitable _w4 ,resembl+ ! naturali/ 9 all ?is1 he diff]s f him 9 ! balance ( 8 int]e/s2 ! poet has ! concret] m9d2 8 visible _w we>s all its col\rs & reta9s its indwell+ passion & life4 ,in/ead ( /udy+ 9 exp]i5ce its calculable elem5ts1 he /udies its moral values1 its beauty1 ! op5+s x (f]s to ! s\l3 & ! cosmos he con/ructs is accord+ly an ideal !atre = ! _s 9 :i* its noble/ pot5tial drama is enact$ & its de/9y resolv$4 ,?is supreme function ( poetry is only ! consummation ( ! me?od by :i* words & imag]y are trans=m$ into v]se4 ,z v]se breaks up ! prosaic ord] ( syllables & subjects !m to a recognizable & pleas+ measure1 s poetry breaks up ! :ole prosaic picture ( exp]i5ce to introduce into x a rhy?m m cong5ial & intelligible to ! m9d4 ,& 9 bo? ^! cases ! op]ation is ess5tially ! same z t by :i*1 9 an int]m$iate sph]e1 ! images reject$ by practical ?\ght1 & ! emotions ignor$ by x1 are s m>%all$ z to fill ! m9d ) a tru] & int5s] consci\sness ( its memorable exp]i5ce4 ,! poetry ( fancy1 ( obs]vation1 & ( passion moves on ?is int]m$iate level2 ! poetry ( m]e s\nd & virtuosity is conf9$ to ! l[] sph]e2 & ! highe/ is res]v$ = ! poetry ( ! creative reason4 ,b "o pr9ciple is pres5t ?r\gh\t1--! pr9ciple ( ,beauty1--! art ( assimilat+ ph5om5a1 :e!r words1 images1 emotions1 or sy/ems ( ideas1 to ! deep] innate crav+s ( ! m9d4 ,let u n[ dwell a little on ?is high] function ( poetry & try to di/+ui% "s ( its phases4 ,! creation ( *>act]s is :at _m ( u might at fir/ be tempt$ to reg>d z ! supreme triumph ( ! imag9ation4 ,if we ab/ract1 h[ev]1 f our p]sonal ta/es & look at ! matt] 9 its human & logical relations1 we %all see1 ,i ?9k1 t ! con/ruction ( *>act]s is n ! ultimate task ( poetic fiction4 ,a "* c nev] be exhau/ive ( our mat]ials3 = x exi/s by its idiosyncrasy1 by its contra/ ) o!r natures1 by its developm5t ( "o side1 & "o side only1 ( our native capacities4 ,x is1 !re=e1 n by *>act]ization z su* t ! ultimate message c be r5d]$4 ,! poet c put only a "p ( himself into any ( 8 h]oes1 b he mu/ put ! :ole into 8 noble/ "w4 ,a "* is accord+ly only a fragm5t>y unity2 fragm5t>y 9 respect to its orig91--s9ce x is conceiv$ by enl>gem5t1 s to speak1 ( a "p ( our own be+ to ! exclusion ( ! re/1--& fragm5t>y 9 respect to ! object x pres5ts1 s9ce a "* mu/ live 9 an environm5t & be appreciat$ by contra/ & by ! s5se ( d]ivation4 ,n ! "*1 b its effects & causes1 is ! truly int]e/+ ?+4 ,?us 9 ma/] poets1 l ,hom] & ,dante1 ! *>act]s1 al?\gh well drawn1 are subord9ate to ! total movem5t & mean+ ( ! sc5e ,!re is inde$ some?+ pitiful1 some?+ comic1 9 any compreh5d$ s\l2 s\ls1 l o!r ?+s1 are only def9able by _! limitations4 ,we feel in/9ctively t x w\ld be insult+ to speak ( any man to 8 face z we %\ld speak ( him 9 8 abs5ce1 ev5 if :at we say is 9 ! way ( praise3 = abs5t he is a "* und]/ood1 b pres5t he is a =ce respect$4 ,9 ! con/ruction ( ideal *>act]s1 !n1 ! imag9ation is busy ) mat]ial1--p>ticul> actions & ?\ghts1--:i* sugge/ _! unification 9 p]sons2 b ! *>act]s ?us conceiv$ c h>dly be adequate to ! pr(usion ( our obs]vations1 nor exhau/ive1 :5 all p]sonalities are tak5 toge!r1 ( ! int]e/ ( our lives4 ,*>act]s are initially imb$d$ 9 life1 z ! gods !mselves are orig9ally imb$d$ 9 ,nature4 ,poetry mu/1 !re=e1 to r5d] all reality1 r5d] also ! backgr\nd ( its figures1 & ! ev5ts t condition _! acts4 ,we mu/ place !m 9 t indisp5sable environm5t :i* ! l&scape furni%es to ! eye & ! social m$ium to ! emotions4 ,! visible l&scape is n a prop] object = poetry4 ,its elem5ts1 & especially ! emotional /imulation :i* x gives1 may be sugge/$ or express$ 9 v]se2 b l&scape is n !reby repres5t$ 9 its prop] =m2 x appe>s only z an elem5t & associate ( moral unities4 ,pa9t+1 ar*itecture1 & g>d5+1 ) ! art ( /age sett+1 h ! visible l&scape = _! object1 & to ^? arts we may leave x4 ,b !re is a sort ( l&scape l>g] ?an ! visible1 :i* escapes ! syn!sis ( ! eye2 x is pres5t to t topographical s5se by :i* we always live 9 ! consci\sness t !re is a sea1 t !re are m\nta9s1 t ! sky is above u1 ev5 :5 we d n see x1 & t ! tribes ( m51 ) _! diff]5t degrees ( blamelessness1 are scatt]$ ov] ! broad-back$ e>?4 ,?is cosmic l&scape poetry alone c r5d]1 & x is no small "p ( ! art to awak5 ! s5se ( x at ! "r mom5t1 s t ! object t occupies ! c5tre ( vision may be se5 9 its true lights1 col\r$ by its wid] associations1 & dignifi$ by its felt aff9ities to ?+s p]man5t & great4 ,z ! ,italian ma/]s 7 wont n to pa9t _! gr\ps ( sa9ts ab\t ! ,virg9 )\t enl>g+ ! canvas1 s z to r5d] a broad piece ( sky1 "s m\nta9s & riv]s1 & ne>]1 p]haps1 "s decorative pile2 s ! poet ( l>g] m9d envelops 8 *>act]s 9 ! atmosph]e ( ,nature & hi/ory1 & keeps u con/antly aw>e ( ! _w 9 :i* !y move4 ,! di/9ction ( a poet--! dignity & humanity ( 8 ?\ght--c be measur$ by no?+1 p]haps1 s well z by ! diamet] ( ! _w 9 :i* he lives2 if he is supreme1 8 vision1 l ,dante's1 always /ret*es to ! />s4 ,& ,virgil1 a supreme poet sometimes unju/ly belittl$1 %[s u ! same ?+ 9 ano!r =m2 8 l&scape is ! ,roman univ]se1 8 !me ! sacr$ spr+s ( ,roman greatness 9 piety1 consi/ancy1 & law4 ,he has n writt5 a l9e 9 =getfulness t he 0 a ,roman2 he loves c\ntry life & its lab\rs because he sees 9 x ! orig9 & bulw>k ( civic greatness2 he hon\rs tradition because x gives p]spective & mom5tum to ! hi/ory t ensues2 he invokes ! gods1 because !y are symbols ( ! physical & moral =ces1 by :i* ,rome /ruggl$ to dom9ion4 ,almo/ e classic poet has ! topographical s5se2 he sw>ms ) prop] names & allusions to hi/ory & fable2 if an epi!t is to be ?r[n 9 any:]e to fill up ! measure ( a l9e1 he *ooses in/9ctively an appellation ( place or family2 8 w9e is n r$1 b ,samian2 8 gorges are n deep1 b are ! gorges ( ,hmus2 8 songs are n sweet1 b ,pi]ian4 ,we may d]ide _! practice z conv5tional1 b !y c\ld f> m ju/ly d]ide ours z insignificant4 ,conv5tions d n arise )\t "s reason1 & g5ius w "k h[ to rise above !m by a fre% appreciation ( _! rightness1 & w feel no temptation to ov]turn !m 9 fav\r ( p]sonal :imsies4 ,! anci5ts f\nd poetry n s mu* 9 s5sible accid5ts z 9 ess5tial =ms & noble associations2 & ?is fact m>ks v cle>ly _! sup]ior education4 ,!y dom9at$ ! _w z we no long] dom9ate x1 & liv$1 z we are too di/ract$ to live1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! rational & ! important4 ,a physical & hi/orical backgr\nd1 h[ev]1 is ( little mom5t to ! poet 9 comp>ison ) t o!r environm5t ( 8 *>act]s1--! dramatic situations 9 :i* !y are involv$4 ,! sub/ance ( poetry is1 aft] all1 emotion2 & if ! intellectual emotion ( compreh5sion & ! mimetic "o ( imp]sonation are massive1 !y are n s int5se z ! appetites & o!r transitive emotions ( life2 ! passions are ! *ief basis ( all int]e/s1 ev5 ! mo/ ideal1 & ! passions are seldom br\ght into play except by ! contact ( man ) man4 ,! v>i\s =ms ( love & hate are only possible 9 society1 & to imag9e occasions 9 :i* ^! feel+s may manife/ all _! inw>d vitality is ! poet's function1--"o 9 :i* he foll[s ! fancy ( e *ild1 :o puffs himself out 9 8 day-dreams into an endless v>iety ( h]oes & lov]s4 ,! ?rill+ adv5tures :i* he craves dem& an appropriate !atre2 ! glori\s emotions ) :i* he bubbles ov] mu/ at all haz>ds f9d or feign _! correlative objects4 ,b ! passions are naturally bl9d1 & ! pov]ty ( ! imag9ation1 :5 left alone1 is absolute4 ,! passions may f]m5t z !y w1 !y nev] c bre$ an idea out ( _! own en]gy4 ,?is idea mu/ be furni%$ by ! s5ses1 by outw>d exp]i5ce1 else ! hung] ( ! s\l w gnaw its own empt9ess = ev]4 ,:]e ! se$ ( s5sation has once fall51 h[ev]1 ! gr[?1 v>iations1 & exub]ance ( fancy may be unlimit$4 ,only we /ill obs]ve 7z 9 ! *ild1 9 dreams1 & 9 ! poetry ( ignorant or my/ical poets7 t ! int5sity ( inw>dly g5]at$ visions does n involve any real increase 9 _! scope or dignity4 ,! inexp]i5c$ m9d rema9s a ?9 m9d1 no matt] h[ mu* its vap\rs may be heat$ & bl[n ab\t by natural passion4 ,x 0 a capital error 9 ,fi*te & ,s*op5hau] to assign ess5tial f]tility to ! w 9 ! creation ( ideas4 ,!y mi/ook1 z human nature w d1 ev5 :5 at times x pr(esses pessimism1 an ideal = a reality3 & because !y saw h[ mu* ! w cl+s to its objects1 h[ x selects & magnifies !m1 !y imag9$ t x c\ld bre$ !m out ( itself4 ,a man :o ?9ks cle>ly w see t su* self-det]m9ation ( a w is inconceivable1 s9ce :at has no ext]nal relation & no div]sity ( /ructure _c ( itself acquire div]sity ( functions4 ,su* inconceivability1 ( c\rse1 ne$ n seem a great objection to a man ( impassion$ inspiration2 he may ev5 claim a c]ta9 consi/5cy 9 posit+1 on ! /r5g? ( 8 pref]5ce1 ! inconceivable to be a tru?4 ,! alleg$ f]tility ( ! w is1 h[ev]1 disprov$ by exp]i5ce1 f :i* metaphysics mu/ 9 ! end draw its analogies & plausibility4 ,! passions discov]1 !y d n create1 _! occasions2 a fact :i* is pat5t :5 we obs]ve h[ !y seize ^u :at objects !y f9d1 & h[ rev]sible1 cont+5t1 & transf]able ! emotions are 9 respect to _! objects4 ,a doll w be lov$ in/ead ( a *ild1 a *ild in/ead ( a lov]1 ,god in/ead ( ev]y?+4 ,! diff]5tiation ( ! passions1 z f> z consci\sness is conc]n$1 dep5ds on ! v>iety ( ! objects ( exp]i5ce1--t is1 on ! diff]5tiation ( ! s5ses & ( ! environm5t :i* /imulates !m4 ,:5 ! inf9ite _s ent]s ! human body1 x is det]m9$ to c]ta9 limit$ =ms ( life by ! organs :i* x we>s2 & its blank pot5tiality becomes actual 9 ?\ght & de$1 accord+ to ! =tunes & relations ( its organism4 ,! rip5ess ( ! passions may ?us prec$e ! in=mation ( ! m9d & lead to grop+ 9 by-pa?s )\t issue2 a ph5om5on :i* appe>s n only 9 ! obscure individual ^: abnormalities ! _w ignores1 b also 9 ! />v$1 half-educat$ g5ius t p\rs ! :ole fire ( 8 s\l into trivial arts or grotesque sup]/itions4 ,! hy/]ical =ms ( music & religion are ! refuge ( an idealism t has lo/ its way2 ! wa/e & failures ( life fl[ l>gely 9 ^? *annels4 ,! c>nal temptations ( y\? are incid5ts ( ! same maladaptation1 :5 passions ass]t !mselves be=e ! conv5tional ord] ( society c all[ !m physical satisfaction1 & long be=e philosophy or religion c hope to trans=m !m into fuel = its own sacrificial flames4 ,h5ce fl[s ! greate/ opportunity ( fiction4 ,we h1 9 a s5se1 an inf9ite w2 b we h a limit$ exp]i5ce1 an exp]i5ce sadly inadequate to ex]cise t w ei!r 9 its purity or its /r5g?4 ,to give =m to our capacities no?+ is requir$ b ! appropriate occasion2 ?is ! poet1 /udy+ ! _w1 w con/ruct = u out ( ! mat]ials ( 8 obs]vations4 ,he w involve u 9 sc5es :i* lie beyond ! n>r[ lane ( our daily plodd+s2 he w place u 9 ! pres5ce ( important ev5ts1 t we may feel our _s rise mom5t>ily to ! height ( 8 great argum5t4 ,! possibilities ( love or glory1 ( intrigue & p]plexity1 w be op5$ up be=e u2 if he gives u a good plot1 we c readily furni% ! *>act]s1 because ea* ( !m w be ! realization ( "s /unt$ pot5tial self ( our own4 ,x is by ! plot1 !n1 t ! *>act]s w be vivifi$1 because x is by ! plot t our own "* w be exp&$ into its lat5t possibilities4 ,! description ( an ali5 "* c s]ve ?is purpose only v imp]fectly2 b ! pres5tation ( ! circum/ances 9 :i* t "* manife/s itself w make description unnecess>y1 s9ce our in/9ct w supply all t is requisite = ! imp]sonation4 ,?us x seems t ,ari/otle 0 ju/ifi$ 9 mak+ ! plot ! *ief elem5t 9 fiction3 = x is by virtue ( ! plot t ! *>act]s live1 or1 r1 t we live 9 !m1 & by virtue ( ! plot accord+ly t our s\l rises to t imag9ative activity by :i* we t5d at once to escape f ! p]sonal life & to realize its ideal4 ,?is idealization is1 ( c\rse1 p>tial & m]ely relative to ! p>ticul> adv5ture 9 :i* we imag9e ourselves engag$4 ,b 9 "s s+le direction our w f9ds self-expression1 & und]/&s itself2 runs ?r\gh ! c>e] :i* x ignorantly covet$1 & ga!rs ! fruits & ! lesson ( t ent]prise4 ,?is is ! ess5ce ( trag$y3 ! s5se ( ! f9i%$ life1 ( ! w fulfill$ & enlight5$3 t purg+ ( ! m9d s mu* debat$ ^u1 :i* relieves u ( p5t-up en]gies1 transf]s our feel+s to a great] object1 & ?us ju/ifies & ent]ta9s our dumb passions1 deta*+ !m at ! same "t = a mom5t f _! accid5tal occasions 9 our e>?ly life4 ,an episode1 h[ev] lurid1 is n a trag$y 9 ?is nobl] s5se1 because x does n "w itself out to ! end2 x pleases )\t satisfy+1 or %ocks )\t enlight5+4 ,?is enlight5m5t1 ,i ne$ h>dly say1 is n a matt] ( !ory or ( moral maxims2 ! enlight5m5t by :i* trag$y is made sublime is a glimpse into ! ultimate de/9ies ( our w4 ,?is discov]y ne$ n be an e?ical ga9--,macbe? & ,o!llo atta9 x z mu* z ,brutus & ,hamlet--x may s]ve to acc5tuate despair1 or cruelty1 or indiff]5ce1 or m]ely to fill ! imag9ation = a mom5t )\t mu* affect+ ! p]man5t tone ( ! m9d4 ,b )\t su* a glimpse ( ! goal ( a passion ! passion has n be5 adequately read1 & ! fiction has s]v$ to amuse u )\t really enl>g+ ! fronti]s ( our ideal exp]i5ce4 ,memory & emotion h be5 play$ ^u1 b imag9ation has n br\ght any?+ new to ! light4 ,! dramatic situation1 h[ev]1 gives u ! environm5t ( a s+le passion1 ( life 9 "o ( its p>ticul> phases2 & al?\gh a passion1 l ,romeo's love1 may seem to dev\r ! :ole s\l1 & its =tunes may seem to be id5tical ) ^? ( ! man1 yet mu* ( ! man1 & ! be/ "p ( him1 goes by ! bo>d 9 su* a simplification4 ,if ,leon>do da ,v9ci1 = example1 _h met 9 8 y\? ) ,romeo's fate1 8 end w\ld h be5 no m ideally tragic ?an if he _h di$ at eighte5 ( a fev]2 we %\ld be t\*$ r by ! pa?os ( :at he _h miss$1 ?an by ! sublimity ( :at he _h exp]i5c$4 ,a passion l ,romeo's1 comp>$ ) ! ideal scope ( human ?\ght & emotion1 is a ?9 dream1 a pa?ological crisis4 ,accord+ly ,ari/ophanes1 rememb]+ ! orig9al religi\s & political functions ( trag$y1 blu%es to see ^u ! bo>ds a woman 9 love4 ,& we %\ld readily agree ) him1 b = two reasons1--"o1 t we ab/ract too mu*1 9 our dem&s ^u art1 f nobility ( m9d1 & f ! ?\ght ( totality & proportion2 ! o!r1 t we h le>n$ to look = a symbolic mean+ 9 deta*$ episodes1 & to accept ! incid5tal emotions !y cause1 because ( _! viol5ce & our absorption 9 !m1 z 9 "s s5se sacram5tal & repres5tative ( ! :ole4 ,?us ! picture ( an unmean+ passion1 ( a crime )\t an issue1 does n appe> to our romantic appreh5sion z ! sorry f>ce x is1 b r z a true trag$y4 ,"s h lo/ ev5 ! capacity to conceive ( a true trag$y1 because !y h no idea ( a cosmic ord]1 ( g5]al laws ( life1 or ( an imp]sonal religion4 ,!y measure ! pr(undity ( feel+ by its int5sity1 n by its ju/ify+ relations2 & 9 ! radical dis9tegration ( _! _s1 ! m !y are dev\r$ ! m !y fancy !mselves f$4 ,b ! majority ( u reta9 "s s5se ( a mean+ 9 our joys & sorr[s1 & ev5 if we _c pi]ce to _! ultimate object1 we feel t :at absorbs u "h & n[ has a m]ely borr[$ or deput$ p[]2 t x is a symbol & =eta/e ( all reality speak+ to ! :ole s\l4 ,at ! same "t our intellig5ce is too confus$ to give u any picture ( t reality1 & our w too feeble to m>%al our disorganiz$ loves into a religion consi/5t ) itself & h>moni\s ) ! compreh5d$ univ]se4 ,a rational ideal eludes u1 & we are ! m incl9$ to plunge into my/icism4 ,nev]!less1 ! function ( poetry1 l t ( sci5ce1 c only be fulfill$ by ! conception ( h>monies t become cle>] z !y gr[ ri*]4 ,z ! *ance note t comes to be support$ by a melody becomes 9 t melody det]m9ate & necess>y1 & z ! melody1 :5 wov5 into a h>mony1 is explicat$ 9 t h>mony & fix$ beyond recall2 s ! s+le emotion1 ! =tuit\s dream1 laun*$ by ! poet into ! _w ( recognizable & immortal =ms1 looks 9 t _w = its ideal supports & aff9ities4 ,x mu/ f9d !m or else be bl[n back among ! gho/s4 ,! highe/ ideality is ! compreh5sion ( ! real4 ,poetry is n at its be/ :5 x depicts a fur!r possible exp]i5ce1 b :5 x initiates u1 by feign+ some?+ :i* z an exp]i5ce is impossible1 into ! mean+ ( ! exp]i5ce :i* we h actually _h4 ,! highe/ example ( ?is k9d ( poetry is religion2 & al?\gh disfigur$ & misund]/ood by ! simplicity ( m5 :o believe 9 x )\t be+ capable ( t imag9ative int]pretation ( life 9 :i* its tru? consi/s1 yet ?is religion is ev5 !n (t5 b5efic5t1 because x col\rs life h>moni\sly ) ! ideal4 ,religion may falsely repres5t ! ideal z a reality1 b we mu/ rememb] t ! ideal1 if n s repres5t$1 w\ld be despis$ by ! majority ( m51 :o _c und]/& t ! value ( ?+s is moral1 & :o !re=e attribute to :at is moral a natural exi/5ce1 ?9k+ ?us to v9dicate its importance & value4 ,b value lies 9 mean+1 n 9 sub/ance2 9 ! ideal :i* ?+s approa*1 n 9 ! en]gy :i* !y embody4 ,! highe/ poetry1 !n1 is n t ( ! v]sifi]s1 b t ( ! prophets1 or ( su* poets z int]pret v]bally ! visions :i* ! prophets h r5d]$ 9 action & s5tim5t r ?an 9 adequate words4 ,t ! intuitions ( religion are poetical1 & t 9 su* intuitions poetry has its ultimate function1 are tru?s ( :i* bo? religion & poetry become m consci\s ! m !y advance 9 ref9em5t & pr(undity4 ,a crude & sup]ficial !ology may confuse ,god ) ! ?und]1 ! m\nta9s1 ! heav5ly bodies1 or ! :ole univ]se2 b :5 we pass f ^! easy id5tifications to a religion t has tak5 root 9 hi/ory & 9 ! he>ts ( m51 & has come to fl[]1 we f9d its objects & its dogmas purely ideal1 transp>5t expressions ( moral exp]i5ce & p]fect c\nt]p>ts ( human ne$s4 ,! evid5ce ( hi/ory or ( ! s5ses is left f> beh9d & nev] ?\ght (2 ! evid5ce ( ! he>t1 ! value ( ! idea1 are alone reg>d$4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! doctr9e ( transub/antiation4 ,a metaphor "h is ! basis ( a dogma1 because ! dogma rises to ! same subtle region z ! metaphor1 & ga!rs its sap f ! same soil ( emotion4 ,religion has "h r$iscov]$ its aff9ity ) poetry1 & 9 insi/+ on ! tru? ( its my/]y x unconsci\sly v9dicates ! ideality ( its tru?4 ,"u ! accid5ts ( bread & w9e lies1 says ! dogma1 ! sub/ance ( ,*ri/'s body1 blood1 & div9ity4 ,:at is t b to treat facts z an appe>ance1 & _! ideal import z a reality8 ,& to d ?is is ! v ess5ce ( poetry1 = :i* ev]y?+ visible is a sacram5t--an outw>d sign ( t inw>d grace = :i* ! s\l is ?ir/+4 ,9 ?is same mann]1 :]e poetry rises f its elem5t>y & deta*$ expressions 9 rhy?m1 euphuism1 *>act]ization1 & /ory-tell+1 & comes to ! consci\sness ( its highe/ function1 t ( portray+ ! ideals ( exp]i5ce & de/9y1 !n ! poet becomes aw>e t he is ess5tially a prophet1 & ei!r devotes himself1 l ,hom] or ,dante1 to ! lov+ expression ( ! religion t exi/s1 or l ,lucretius or ,wordswor?1 to ! h]ald+ ( "o :i* he believes to be possible4 ,su* poets are aw>e ( _! highe/ mission2 o!rs1 :atev] ! en]gy ( _! g5ius1 h n conceiv$ _! ultimate function z poets4 ,!y h be5 will+ to leave _! _w ugly z a :ole1 aft] /uff+ x ) a suffici5t pr(usion ( beauties4 ,_! contempor>ies1 _! fell[-c\ntrym5 = _m g5]ations1 may n p]ceive ?is defect1 because !y are naturally ev5 less able ?an ! poet himself to und]/& ! necessity ( s l>ge a h>mony4 ,if he is %ort-sight$1 !y are bl9d1 & 8 poetic _w may seem to !m sublime 9 its significance1 because x may sugge/ "s p>tial lift+ ( _! daily burd5s & "s p>tial idealization ( _! incoh]5t ?\ghts4 ,su* ins5sibility to ! highe/ poetry is no m extraord9>y ?an ! correspond+ indiff]5ce to ! highe/ religion2 nobility & excell5ce1 h[ev]1 are n dep5d5t on ! suffrage ( half-bak$ m51 b on ! orig9al disposition ( ! clay & ! pott]2 ,i mean on ! conditions ( ! art & ! ideal capacities ( human nature4 ,j z a note is bett] ?an a noise because1 its beats be+ regul>1 ! e> & bra9 c react ) pleasure on t regul>ity1 s all ! /ages ( h>mony are bett] ?an ! confusion out ( :i* !y come1 because ! s\l t p]ceives t h>mony welcomes x z ! fulfilm5t ( h] natural ends4 ,! ,py?agoreans 7 !re=e "r :5 !y made numb] ! ess5ce ( ! kn[able _w1 & ,plato 0 "r :5 he said h>mony 0 ! fir/ condition ( ! highe/ good4 ,! good man is a poet ^: syllables are de$s & make a h>mony 9 ,nature4 ,! poet is a rebuild] ( ! imag9ation1 to make a h>mony 9 t4 ,& he is n a complete poet if 8 :ole imag9ation is n attun$ & 8 :ole exp]i5ce compos$ into a s+le symphony4 ,= 8 complete equipm5t1 !n1 x is necess>y1 9 ! fir/ place1 t he s+2 t 8 voice be pure & well pit*$1 & t 8 numb]s fl[2 !n1 at a high] /age1 8 images mu/ fit ) "o ano!r2 he mu/ be euphui/ic1 col\r+ 8 ?\ghts ) _m reflect$ lights ( memory & sugge/ion1 s t _! h>mony may be ri* & pr(\nd2 aga91 at a high] /age1 he mu/ be s5su\s & free1 t is1 he mu/ build up 8 _w ) ! prim>y elem5ts ( exp]i5ce1 n ) ! conv5tions ( common s5se or intellig5ce2 he mu/ draw ! :ole s\l into 8 h>monies1 ev5 if 9 do+ s he dis9tegrates ! p>tial sy/ematizations ( exp]i5ce made by ab/ract sci5ce 9 ! categories ( prose4 ,b f9ally1 ?is dis9tegration mu/ n leave ! poet welt]+ 9 a *aos ( s5se & passion2 x mu/ be m]ely ! pl\gh+ ( ! gr\nd be=e a new h>ve/1 ! knead+ ( ! clay be=e ! modell+ ( a m p]fect =m4 ,! expression ( emotion %\ld be rationaliz$ by d]ivation f "* & by ref]5ce to ! real objects t ar\se x--to ,nature1 to hi/ory1 & to ! univ]se ( tru?2 ! exp]i5ce imag9$ %\ld be conceiv$ z a de/9y1 gov]n$ by pr9ciples1 & issu+ 9 ! discipl9e & enlight5m5t ( ! w4 ,9 ?is way alone c poetry become an int]pretation ( life & n m]ely an irrelevant excursion into ! realm ( fancy1 multiply+ o> images )\t purpose1 & di/ract+ u f our bus9ess )\t spiritual ga94 ,if we may !n def9e poetry1 n 9 ! =mal s5se ( giv+ ! m9imum ( :at may be call$ by t "n1 b 9 ! ideal s5se ( det]m9+ ! goal :i* x approa*es & ! a*ievem5t 9 :i* all its pr9ciples w\ld be fulfill$1 we may say t poetry is metrical & euphui/ic disc\rse1 express+ ?\ght :i* is bo? s5su\s & ideal4 ,su* is poetry z a lit]>y =m2 b if we drop ! limitation to v]bal expression1 & ?9k ( poetry z t subtle fire & inw>d light :i* seems at times to %9e ?r\gh ! _w & to t\* ! images 9 our m9ds ) ineffable beauty1 !n poetry is a mom5t>y h>mony 9 ! s\l amid /agnation or conflict1--a glimpse ( ! div9e & an incitation to a religi\s life4 ,religion is poetry become ! guide ( life1 poetry sub/itut$ = sci5ce or sup]v5+ ^u x z an approa* to ! highe/ reality4 ,poetry is religion all[$ to drift1 left )\t po9ts ( application 9 conduct & )\t an expression 9 wor%ip & dogma2 x is religion )\t practical efficacy & )\t metaphysical illusion4 ,! gr\nd ( ?is ab/ractness ( poetry1 h[ev]1 is usually only its n>r[ scope2 a poet :o plays ) an idea = half an h\r1 or con/ructs a "* to :i* he gives no pr(\nd moral significance1 =gets 8 own ?\ght1 or rememb]s x only z a fiction ( 8 leisure1 because he has n dug 8 well deep en\gh to tap ! subt]rane\s spr+s ( 8 own life4 ,b :5 ! poet enl>ges 8 !atre & puts into 8 rhapsodies ! true visions ( 8 p & ( 8 s\l1 8 poetry is ! consecration ( 8 deepe/ convictions1 & conta9s ! :ole tru? ( 8 religion4 ,:at ! religion ( ! vulg> adds to ! poet's is simply ! in]tia ( _! limit$ appreh5sion1 :i* takes lit]ally :at he meant ideally1 & degrades into a false ext5sion ( ?is _w on its own level :at 9 8 m9d 0 a true int]pretation ( x ^u a moral plane4 ,?is high] plane is ! sph]e ( significant imag9ation1 ( relevant fiction1 ( idealism become ! int]pretation ( ! reality x leaves beh9d4 ,poetry rais$ to its highe/ p[] is !n id5tical ) religion grasp$ 9 its inmo/ tru?2 at _! po9t ( union bo? rea* _! utmo/ purity & b5efic5ce1 = !n poetry loses its frivolity & ceases to demoralize1 :ile religion surr5d]s its illusions & ceases to deceive4