,illu/ration ,emblematic ,illum9ation2 ,,or1 ,=ms1 ,col\rs1 & ,emblems ,,suitable ,,= ,,illum9at+ ,,texts ,,( ,,holy ,,scripture ,,9 ,,l>ge ,,/yle1 ,,9 ,,oils ,,or ,,wat]-,,col\rs4 ,,collect$ ,,& ,,edit$ ,,by ,f4 ,m4 ,r4 ,illu/ration ,london3 ,,day ,,& ,,son1 ,li?ograph]s to ! ,que51 #f ,,gate ,,/reet1 ,,l9coln',s-,,inn-,,fields4 ,price #es4 #f;d4 ,,preface4 ,! ,editor ( ! foll[+ pages has no desire to (f] !m 9 competition ) ! num]\s & useful ,h&books on ,illum9ation already publi%$4 ,all ^? t ! writ] has met )--"s eight or t5--h be5 almo/ exclusively direct$ to ! /udy ( ,missal ,pa9t+ & ,illum9at+ on ! mo/ m9ute scale4 ,! exceptions to ?is rule are a few occasional rem>ks1 m]ely h9t+ at ! l>g] & m popul> /yle4 ,! pr9cipal omission1 h[ev]1 :i* ?is little book is design$ to supply1 is ! emblematic bran* ( ! subject4 ,amateurs mo/ g5]ally conf9e !mselves to illum9at+ texts ( ,holy ,scripture on a l>ge scale1 to assi/ 9 :i* num]\s pr9t$ outl9es are n[ publi%$4 ,b1 f complete ignorance ( ! rules ( ecclesia/ical col\r+1 ! amateur n only becomes hopelessly bewild]$ z to :at col\r to select = p>ticul> words1 b1 9 fall+ back ^u 8 own ta/e = guidance1 commits errors :i* de/roy ! emblematic beauty ( 8 "w4 ,! significance ( col\r is great] ?an is g5]ally suppos$1 & w be f\nd a subject ( mu* int]e/4 ,su* sacr$ symbols z c\ld easily be introduc$ into illum9at$ scrolls h be5 describ$1 9 ! hope t1 by _! assi/ance1 a ta/e = /rictly appropriate ornam5tation may be m l>gely cultivat$1 to ! exclusion ( ^? unmean+ & tawdry decorations :i* (f5d ! eye4 ,in/ead ( furni%+ copies ( antique capitals1 ( :i* s _m excell5t collections n[ ab\nd1 x has be5 ?\ght m useful to supply ! read] ) "s specim5s ( emblematic lett]s 7:i* may sugge/ o!r simil> designs71 suitable = p>ticul> texts1 sev]al ( :i* are also subjo9$4 ,! in/ructions = ! me*anical "p ( ! "w are giv5 on ! au?ority ( exp]i5ce1 :ile ! significations ( col\rs & emblems h be5 c>efully collect$ f l>g] & /&>d publications4 ,f4 ,m4 ,r4 ,a ,select$ ,li/ ( ,requisite ,mat]ials4 s4 d4 #a ,%eet ( ,bri/ol ,bo>d1 or ,vellum-,pap] #a #j #a ,long ,wood5 7flat7 ,rul] #j #f #a #f-;in* ,bone ditto #j #f #c ,p5cils1 ,f1 ,,hb1 & ,,bb #j #f #a ,cake ( ,lamp-,black 7moi/7 #a #j ,g]man ,blue 9 ,p[d] #j #f ,c>m9e ditto #j #f ,v]milion ditto #j #f ,cake ( ,em]ald ,gre5 7moi/7 #j #f ,bessem]'s ,gold ,pa9t1 or ,w9sor & ,newton's ,liquid ,gold #a #j ,gum ,arabic #j #d #b ,r$ ,sable ,bru%es1 #f;d4 & #h;d4 #a #b #a ,be/ ,camel's-,hair 7= ,gold7 #j #c #c ,sauc]s 7#b l>ge & #a small7 #j #c ,indian-,rubb] #j #a ,spirits ( ,turp5t9e #j #c #a ,l>ge ,%eet ( ,millbo>d,a #j #h #a ,%eet ( ,transp>5t ,trac+-,pap] #j #c ,:ite ,tissue-,pap] #j #c ------- #aj #j ------- ,a ,?is1 divid$ longwise1 s]ves z tempor>y ,portfolio & ,draw+-bo>d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,emblematic ,scrolls2 ,or1 ,texts 9 ,outl9e1 conta9+ ,capitals1 c41 simil> to ^? 9 our ,col\r$ ,plates4 ,,! ,,foll[+ ,,are ,,n[ ,,ready3-- ,,"o ,,%ill+ ,,ea*4 ,no4 #a4 ,fe> n1 ,i w help !e4 #b4 ,look unto ,,me1 & be ye sav$4 #c4 ,,my ,peace ,i give unto y4 #d4 ,! ,,"l w provide4 ,no4 #e4 ,be clo!d ) humility4 #i4 ,9 ,clo ,quies4 7,9 ,heav5 is ,re/47 #ac4 ,br+ =?1 !re=e1 ,fruits meet = ,rep5tance4 ,no4 #ab4 ,little ,*ildr51 ,love "o ano!r4 ,speak ,g5tly4 ,be ,pati5t4 #as4 ! set4 ,,"o ,,%ill+ ,,& ,,sixp5ce4 7,,includ+ ,,photograph47 ,no4 #aj4 ,i am come t ye might h life4 ,,"o ,,%ill+ ,,& ,,sixp5ce ,,ea*4 7,,includ+ ,,directions ,,= ,,col\r+47 ,no4 #f4 ,,he %all give ,,8 ,angels *>ge ov] ,,!e4 ,no4 #g4 ,unto y is born a ,savi\r1 :i* is ,,*ri/ ! ,,"l4 ,no4 #ad4 ,,*ri/ is ris56 ,alleluia4 ,,two ,,%ill+s4 7,,includ+ ,,photographs47 ,no4 #h4 ,glory to ,,god 9 ! ,highe/1 on ,e>? ,peace1 ,good-w t[>ds m54 ,no4 #aa4 ,be ?\ fai?ful unto ,dea?1 & ,i w give !e a ,cr[n ( ,life4 ,,note4--,^! ,scrolls _c be s5t ?r\gh ! ,po/ unless #as4 #h;d4 be add$ = ,po/age & ,pack+ 9 ,millbo>d4 ,,=ms4 ,draw+4 ,sid5ote3 ,eccles4 ix4 #aj4 ,illu/ration3 ,:atsoev] ?y h& f9de? to d1 d x ) ?y might4 ,to beg9 ) ! purely me*anical "p ( our "w1 let u enum]ate ! mat]ials requir$ = draw+ ! outl9es3-- ,sid5ote3 ,p5cils4 #c ,p5cils--,f1 ,,hb1 & ,,bb4 #b;d4 ea*4#a #a ,n4,b4 ,! prices ( mat]ials v>y s mu*1 t only a g5]al idea c be giv5 ( !m1 z "s guide to beg9n]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,indian-rubb]4 ,a piece ( ,indian-rubb]4 ,sid5ote3 ,bru%es4 ,r$ sable bru%es2 ! sizes sold at #d;d41 #f;d41 & #h;d4 ea*3 also #b small sizes ( ! be/ ,camel's hair1 #b;d4 ea*1 necess>y = ,bessem]'s gold pa9t4 ,sid5ote3 ,c>dbo>ds4 ,l>ge siz$ ,london or ,bri/ol bo>d1 #f;d4 p] %eet1 & upw>ds4 ,?is is a glaz$ 7hot-press$7 c>dbo>d4 ,m\nt+-bo>d is r *eap]1 co/+ #f;d4 & upw>ds = a l>ge %eet1 b1 n hav+ s f9e a surface1 w n s easily be> rubb+ out4 ,x takes col\r well4 ,pale-t9t$ c>dbo>d1 grey1 br[n1 c41 is sold 9 l>ge %eets1 at ab\t #h;d4 p] %eet4 ,sid5ote3 ,vellum-pap]4 ,vellum-pap]1 a good imitation ( vellum1 is sold at #as4 p] %eet4 ,sid5ote3 ,tissue & ,trac+-pap]4 ,"s %eets ( :ite tissue & transp>5t trac+-pap]2 ! latt] = pres]v+ copies 9 outl9e4 ,sid5ote3 ,rul]s4 #b ,rul]s 7flat72 "o ( wood1 ab\t two feet long1 ano!r ( bone1 #f in*es2 #f;d4 ea* 7ivory1 #bs4474 ,a ,t-rul] is v useful2 #as4 & upw>ds4 ,sid5ote3 ,portfolio4 ,a portfolio1 #b feet by #aj in*es1 to hold ! scrolls1 w\ld be useful 9 pres]v+ !m f injury2 co/1 at ! draw+-%ops1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,a li/ ( ! necess>y pa9ts w be giv5 9 ! directions = col\r+1 page #i4 ,sid5ote3 ,alphabets 7capitals74 ,! beg9n] %\ld endeav\r to obta9 "o or two %eets ( alphabets 7capitals7 9 black & :ite1 ( ! full size requir$1 say ab\t two in*es high4 ,sid5ote3 ,l[]-case 7small lett]s74 ,an alphabet ( l[]-case1 or small lett]s1 is subjo9$1 :i* w be f\nd to h>monise well ) almo/ any capitals1 & is 9 proportion to ^? ( two or two & a half in*es high4 ,sid5ote3 ,enl>g+ or r$uc+ ,capitals4 ,b al?\gh ! beg9n] w d well to copy or trace lett]s ( ! exact size requir$1 he _c too soon comm5ce ! practice ( enl>g+ or r$uc+ ! copy1 o!rwise _m v beautiful initial lett]s w be lo/ to him4 ,! great art 9 copy+ on a diff]5t scale is to obs]ve c>efully ! proportions ( ! orig9al3 keep e bran* ( ! lett] equal 9 ?ickness1 if ! orig9al be s3 or if copy+1 = example1 a capital ,a1 & "o side ( ! ar* be twice ! wid? ( ! o!r1 let ! copy pres]ve ! same proportion4 ,9 ! lett] ,b1 obs]ve if ! two b[s be ( equal size2 ! l[] is g5]ally ! l>g] ( ! two4 ,9 an equal-sid$ lett]1 l ,m or ,o1 obs]ve :at ornam5tal p>ts are opposite to ea* o!r4 ,sid5ote3 ,enl>g+ or r$uc+ ,small ,lett]s4 ,9 draw+ 7or copy+7 small lett]s1 be c>eful to make ! /ems ( equal wid? or ?ickness1 & ^? :i* pass above or bel[ ! l9e ( equal & proportionate height or l5g?4 ,! tops ( t's %\ld always be l[] ?an ^? ( ! o!r long lett]s1 z 9 writ+1 & ! dots ( ! i's 9 a l9e ) ! tops ( ! t's4 ,sid5ote3 ,books ( ,alphabets1 c4 ,!re is a small book ( m$ival alphabets1 publi%$ by ,ma/]s1 price #bs41 suit$ to beg9n]s4 ,! ,book ( ,ornam5tal ,alphabets1 ,anci5t & ,m$ival1 collect$ & engrav$ by ,f4 ,delamotte 7publi%$ by ,e4 ,f4 ,n4 ,spon1 #af ,buckl]sbury1 ,london71 is valuable to ^? :o c enl>ge :ile copy+2 x conta9s upw>ds ( =ty alphabets1 beg9n+ ) ^? ( ! #h? c5tury1 also sev]al initial lett]s1 & a page ( monograms1 crosses1 c4--mo/ ( ! alphabets are "o in* 9 height--price #ds4 ,! be/ & mo/ rec5t collection ( lett]s t ,i h met ) is ,! ,h&book ( ,alphabets1 ,initials1 & ,monograms1 engrav$ by ,william ,gibbs1 publi%$ by ,h\l/on ,wright1 #fe ,pat]no/] ,r[1 ,london1 price #es4 ,sid5ote3 ,value & use ( ,capitals4 ,sid5ote3 ,d$ication4 ,9 arrang+ = ! outl9e ( a text1 fir/ select ! necess>y capitals4 ,! initial 7or fir/ lett]7 mu/ be ! h&some/ ( all1 z be+ ! introduction & d$ication ( ! "w to ,! ,bless$ ,tr9ity4 ,capitals are g5]ally employ$ ?r\gh\t ! ,sacr$ ,names2 ! fir/ lett] may be ! l>ge/1 ! foll[+ ( ! same height z ! small lett]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,emphasis4 ,!y are also prefix$ to su* words z we wi% especially to emphasize1 z 9 ! foll[+ examples3-- ,be clo!d ) ,humility4 ,my times are 9 ,?y ,h&4 ,wat* & ,pray4 ,! emphasis ( col\r w be giv5 9 ! prop] place 7pp4 #ad1 c474 ,sid5ote3 ,di/9ction ( ,/yle1 ,date1 & ,c\ntry4 ,x is advisable1 if possible1 to select ! capitals f ! same alphabet2 b if all t y require = ! text d n suit y\r ta/e1 !re is no absolute objection to ! introduction ( o!rs1 subject to c]ta9 conditions4 ,on no acc\nt mix ! lett]s ( diff]5t c\ntries2 ! ,italian1 = in/ance1 ) ! ,saxon2 !y w\ld be utt]ly incongru\s4 ,also1 z a writ] amus+ly obs]ves1 ,avoid lett+ y\r "w appe> z ?\gh x _h be5 begun 9 ! t5? c5tury1 & only complet$ 9 ! sixte5?1 or1 z ,i h once or twice se51 vice v]s4#b #b ,:at ,illum9at+ %\ld be1 & ,h[ x may be ,practis$1 by ,m4 ,digby ,wyatt1 ,b4,a4 c41 ,illu/rat$ by ,w4 ,r4 ,tymms4 ,price #as4 #f;d4 ,sid5ote3 ,legibility ess5tial4 ,b al?\gh rules ( /yle1 date1 & c\ntry1 are important1 !y %\ld nev]1 9 my op9ion1 be c>ri$ out s rigidly z to make our "w ei!r fanta/ic or illegible--two v s]i\s blemi%es4 ,inde$1 if we sacrifice to /rict *ronological ord] all possibility ( read+ ! lett]s )\t an int]pret]1 our lab\r1 z f> z o!rs are conc]n$1 is worse ?an useless1 t5d+ to br+ ! :ole art into disrepute4 ,sid5ote3 ,important ,di/9ction4 ,capitals ) simple curves %\ld n be mix$ ) ^? 9 :i* ! curves become po9t$1 ! /yles be+ di/9ct4 ,sid5ote3 ,be/ ,/yles4 ,! /yles :i* prevail$ f ! #aa? to ! #ad? c5tury are consid]$ ! be/1 ! lat] ones 9 p>ticul>4 ,aft] t date ! art ( illum9at+ gradually decay$4 ,sid5ote3 ,fir/ ,sket* on ,tissue-pap]4 ,9 proce$+ to draw ! outl9e ( a text1 x is a mo/ useful practice to sket* x out r\ghly on tissue-pap]1 9 ord] to asc]ta9 :at space x w occupy4 ,?is plan w prev5t mu* disappo9tm5t 7& rubb+ out1 :i* %\ld be c>efully avoid$71 z1 ev5 aft] long practice1 we are (t5 mi/ak5 9 ! suppos$ l5g? ( a pr9t$ s5t5ce3 no?+ c look worse ?an "o-half ( ! lett]s spread widely ov] ! scroll1 & ! re/ cr[d$ toge!r1 to make up = ! room wa/$ at ! beg9n+4 ,sid5ote3 ,rules = ,draw+ ! ,outl9e4 ,hav+ decid$ on ! size ( ! initial#c & capital lett]s1 all[ a suffici5t space above & bel[ !m1 & cut out ! /rip ( c>dbo>d by a rul$ l9e1 measur$ accurately at ea* end1 s t ! wid? ?r\gh\t %all be equal4#d ,! spaces left above & bel[ ! capitals may be equal 7if = "o l9e only71 b r less bel[ ?an o!rwise2 #a to #b in*es#e is a fair proportion4 ,9 rul+ = two l9es ( lett]s1 be c>eful to leave suffici5t room betwe5 !m1 or ! y's & g's ( ! upp] l9e may int]f]e ) ! d's & h's ( ! l[]1 z also ) ! capitals4 #c ,! initial lett] is (t5 mu* l>g] ?an ! o!r capitals4 #d ,v>i\s =ms ( scroll w be allud$ to 9 speak+ ( ,bord]s1 omitt$ "h = ! sake ( cle>ness4 #e ,^! & simil> measurem5ts are giv51 z be+ 9 proportion to ! small alphabet & capitals subjo9$4 ,n[1 ) ! ,,hb1 rule two l9es = ! small lett]s1 z lightly z possible1 consi/5tly ) cle>ness1 z ^! are aft]w>ds to be rubb$ out4 ,!re is no occasion to draw an upp] l9e = ! capitals1 z !y %\ld be trac$ 93 unless ! h& be a v practis$ "o1 ?is me?od is necess>y1 to avoid mu* disfigurem5t ( ! c>dbo>d f corrections4 ,sid5ote3 ,to trace ,capitals4 ,to trace ! capitals3 cut out a piece ( trac+-pap]1 an in* or two l>g] e way ?an ! lett] to be copi$2 rule a l9e on :i* to re/ ! lett]1 z x w be want$ aft]w>ds2 place ?is ov] ! patt]n 7) ! rul$ l9e close b5ea? x71 & trace e l9e /eadily ) ! ,,hb4 ,?is done1 remove ! trac+-pap]1 turn x ov] 7"r side d[nw>ds71 & black5 all ! l9es ) ! ,,bb p5cil4 ,n[ place ! lett]1 "r side upw>ds1 on ! space y int5d x to occupy on ! c>dbo>d1 lett+ ! rul$ l9e correspond exactly ) ! l[] l9e rul$ on ! scroll3 ?is w ensure ! capital be+ q upright 9 its prop] position4 ,hold ! trac+-pap] d[n firmly ) ! left h&1 nev] %ift+ x until ! :ole lett] be complet$1 & ) ! ,f p5cil trace 7i4e4 g ov]7 e l9e ( ! copy1 press+ firmly1 b n s h>d z to cut ?r\gh ! ?9 pap]4 ,x may !n be )drawn1 &1 if correctly done1 ! lett] w be f\nd legibly trac$ on ! c>dbo>d4 ,x is "r to f9i% ! outl9e firmly 7b n too d>k7 ) ! ,,hb1 z cle>ness is ( great importance :5 y are col\r+4 ,"s initial lett]s1 su* z ,o1 ,t1 c4 admit ( ! ins]tion ( a small photograph ( a sacr$ subject1 sev]al ( :i* c n[ be procur$1 ev5 at "o p5ny ea*4 ,among o!rs may be select$ ! ,ecce ,homo1 ,! ,savi\r be>+ ! ,cross1 ,bless+ little ,*ildr51 c4 ,sid5ote3 ,small ,lett]s4 ,s little practice is requir$ to draw ! small lett]s correctly1 t x is sc>cely wor? :ile to attempt trac+ !m2 inde$ ! difficulty ( keep+ a l>ge piece ( tissue-pap] /eady int]f]es greatly ) ! *ances ( success4 ,9 draw+ ^! lett]s 7) ! ,,hb71 be c>eful to make all ! /ems ( equal ?ickness1 & let !m be 9 due proportion1 ( height & wid?1 to ! accompany+ capitals4 ,sid5ote3 ,di/ances betwe5 ,lett]s & ,words4 ,! lett]s %\ld be plac$ z ne> to ea* o!r z is consi/5t ) cle>ness1 & ab\t half an in* may be left betwe5 ea* ^w3 let ^! di/ances be kept uni=m ?r\gh\t ! "w4 ,/udy to draw ! lett]s p]fectly /raight & upright1 to ensure :i* is ! use ( ! ivory rul]1 ?us3-- ,sid5ote3 ,te/ ( ,correct ,outl9e4 ,hav+ sket*$ 9 all ! small lett]s z well z possible1 turn ! /rip ( c>dbo>d ) its end t[>ds y1 & ,i fe> y w be %ock$ to see h[ _m ( ! lett]s are out ( ! p]p5dicul>4 ,if1 h[ev]1 !y h n be5 too heavily drawn1 !y may n[ be readily correct$ by ! little rul]1 keep+ ! scroll /ill 9 ! same position4 ,! advantage ( ?is me?od is1 t a l9e :i*1 to an unpractis$ eye1 w appe> q p]p5dicul>1 :5 turn$ into a horizontal position in/antly betrays its deviations4 ,x may be object$ t ! use ( a rul] enc\rages idle & c>eless habits1 b ?is is only ! case :5 x is employ$ to draw by1 & n1 z x %\ld be1 only = correction4 ,sid5ote3 ,/ops & ,ornam5ts4 ,! ornam5tal /op--or p]haps a ,greek cross--& any o!r int5d$ additions1 %\ld be trac$ n[4 ,:5 ! h& & eye are a little practis$1 sprays ( trefoil & simil> decorations w look m natural & easy1 if drawn fre%ly ^u ! scroll4 ,triplets ( leaves & b]ries h a graceful & suitable effect1 & ^!1 9 illum9ations1 may be drawn conv5tionally1 r ?an naturally4 ,a clev] writ]#f says1 ,rigidly avoid contra/+ natural ) conv5tional foliage4 ,adopt :i* y l1 = by ei!r beautiful effects may be produc$2 b mix !m1 & ! *>m ( bo? is gone4 ,natural foliage may be successfully comb9$ ) any o!r v>ieties ( conv5tional ornam5t1 except+ ^? bas$ ^u natural foliage4 #f ,m4 ,digby ,wyatt1 ,b4,a4 ,! ,v9e ,passion-fl[]1 ,ivy1 or any trefoils1 h a beautiful effect1 if gracefully tw9$ ab\t1 or droop+ f ! initial lett]4 ,sid5ote3 ,photographs 9 ,initial ,lett]s1 c4 ,! introduction ( small photographs 7( sacr$ subjects7 ei!r into ! initial lett]1 or plac$ be=e x1 ) a simple bord] 9 gold1 edg$ ) blue1 has (t5 a beautiful significance & effect4 ,c>e %\ld1 h[ev]1 be tak5 9 ! selection1 t ! picture & ! sacr$ words subjo9$ h a real connexion ) ea* o!r4 ,= example1 ! ,magdal5e at ! foot ( ! cross is n suitable 9 illu/ration ( ! text1 ,"l1 rememb] me :5 ,?\ come/ into ,?y k+dom4 ,a squ>e picture may h ! l9es ( ! bord] prolong$ s z to cross at ! corn]s & f9i% ab\t half an in* f ! pr9cipal l9e4 ,an ar* may be surm\nt$ ) a cross4 ,sid5ote3 ,bord]s4 ,bord]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,pla94 ,to ^? :o pref] conc5trat+ all possible beauty ( decoration on ! sacr$ words ( a text ! mo/ approv$ bord] w be t resembl+ a rib& ( blue1 :i* is mo/ simple 9 execution4 ,rule a l9e r less ?an a qu>t] ( an in* f ! edge ( ! c>dbo>d1 & fill x 9 c>efully & /eadily ) col\r4 ,! rul$ l9e is indisp5sable to ! pres]vation ( a neat & uni=m edge4 ,if blue already pr$om9ate 9 ! scroll1 r$ c be sub/itut$ 9 ! bord]2 gold1 )\t a col\r$ outl9e on ea* side1 always looks indi/9ct4 ,l9es ( col\r may be drawn )9 ! edge1 us+ a re$ p5 7or l>ge s(t quill71 & ! long rul]4 ,sid5ote3 ,ornam5tal4 ,a triple trefoil 9 ea* corn]1 col\r$1 ) gold edge1 has a good effect1 if ! lett]s are v pla93 ^! %\ld1 h[ev]1 be 9 addition to a pla9 col\r$ edge or bord]4--,ornam5tal bord]s %\ld consi/ ( suitable sprays w\nd r\nd a ?ick b>1 :i* gives an appe>ance ( solidity1 ! grace ( curv$ l9es be+ mu* enhanc$ by contra/ ) ! p]p5dicul> or horizontal4 ,sid5ote3 ,rev]se ,side ( ,scrolls4 ,if ! scroll is meant to repres5t a rib& curl$ at ! ends1 or fold$1 ! rev]se side may be ornam5t$ ) gold />s1 or foliage4 ,pla9ly %ad$ blue1 ) p]haps a n>r[ gold edge1 w1 h[ev]1 be f\nd mo/ suitable2 if prom95t col\rs are gaudily us$ = ! rev]se side ( ! rib&1 x w appe> to come =w>d1 leav+ ! text 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,specim5s ( diff]5tly %ap$ scrolls are affix$ to ea* ( our *apt]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,firmness ess5tial4 ,9 conclusion1 x _c be too /rictly en=c$1 t e l9e1 /raight or curv$1 %\ld be firmly drawn1 & ! edges1 9 pa9t+1 be kept p]fectly neat & cle>4 ,:e!r f un/ead9ess 9 outl9e1 or f a %ak+ h& :5 pa9t+ 7especially 9 gold71 n9e-t5?s ( ! amateur illum9ations produc$ h a quiv]+ rugg$ness ab\t !m :i* c\ld well be disp5s$ )4 ,9 ornam5tal f9i%1 also1 ?is un/ead9ess is almo/ univ]sal1 s t ! po9ts ( small leaves1 or fleurs-de-lys1 in/ead ( be+ %>ply def9$1 mo/ frequ5tly deg5]ate into unsightly loops1 simil> to ! foll[+ example4 ,illu/ration3 ,z x %\ld be4 ,illu/ration3 ,z x g5]ally is4 ,,col\rs4 ,pa9t+4 ,sid5ote3 ,mat]ials = ,col\r+4 ,! mat]ials requir$ are z foll[s3-- ,sid5ote3 ,blue4 #a4 ,,blue 7int5se74 ,g]man 7or ,fr5*7 blue1 9 p[d]1 at #f;d4 p] ounce4 ,x is at fir/ r tr\blesome to use1 requir+ to be mix$ ) pl5ty ( gum-wat]1 to prev5t rubb+4 ,smalt1 #es42 or ,fr5* blue1 #cs4#g ,^! are prep>$ z moi/ col\rs 9 cov]$ pans4 #g ,half-cakes ( all ! col\rs are sold equally good4 ,! ,g]man blue1 h[ev]1 is ! mo/ economical1 & v useful4 ,sid5ote3 ,r$4 #b4 ,,r$4 ,:at is call$ ,c>m9e p[d]1 at #as4 p] oz41 w be f\nd v useful1 b ! g5u9e col\r is mu* m exp5sive4 ,v]milion1 ditto1 #f;d4 p] oz4 ,bo? ( ^! are necess>y4 ,sid5ote3 ,purple4 #c4 ,,purple 7violet74 ,= ! col\r ready prep>$1 violet c>m9e1 moi/ cake1 #bs4 ,to compose ! col\r1 crimson lake1 a little to be mix$ ) cobalt blue4 ,?is is v r>ely us$4 ,sid5ote3 ,:ite4 #d4 ,,:ite4 ,*9ese :ite1 9 a t9 tube1 #as4 ,?is is little us$ except on t9t$ c>dbo>d4 ,sid5ote3 ,gre54 #e4 ,,gre5 7em]ald74 ,moi/ col\r1 #as4 ,sid5ote3 ,black4 #f4 ,,black 7lamp74 ,ditto4 ,sid5ote3 ,grey4 #g4 ,,grey4 ,= bright grey1 smalt mix$ ) ,*9ese :ite2 = a dull] t9t add a v little br[n madd]4 ,?is is a col\r seldom us$ 9 illum9at+ l>ge scrolls1 & only suitable = gr\nd+4 ,sid5ote3 ,neutral ,t9t4 ,a cake ( neutral t9t 7to mix ) cobalt7 = %ad+ :ite fl[]s1 or a :ite dove4 ,sid5ote3 ,gold4 ,sid5ote3 ,bessem]'s ,gold ,pa9t4 ,,gold4 ,= beg9n]s1 ,bessem]'s ,gold ,pa9t4#h ,?is includes two bottles1 "o ( gold p[d]1 ! o!r ( oil2 price #as4 #f;d4 ,! p[d] always outla/s ! oil1 b ! latt] c be b\ght sep>ately1 #f;d4 p] bottle4 ,v little ( ! p[d] & oil mu/ be mix$ at a "t1 z x dries up v quickly1 requir+ ! occasional addition ( a drop ( ! oil4 ,if too mu* oil is add$1 ! gold w look ?9 & poor1 leav+ greasy edges on ! c>dbo>d4 ,x is a good plan to employ two little sauc]s1 plac+ ! p[d] 9 "o & oil 9 ! o!r4 #h ,?is gold w discol\r 9 "t1 b ) c>e 9 keep+ ! bru% & sauc] q clean1 x w reta9 its brightness at lea/ a ye>4 ,sid5ote3 ,spirits ( ,turp5t9e4 ,a small quantity ( spirits ( turp5t9e is requir$1 ) :i* ! bru% & sauc] mu/ be wa%$ p]fectly clean1 imm$iately aft] use2 wipe !m dry ) a piece ( rag or s(t pap]4 ,if ?is rule be neglect$1 ! gold h>d5s1 & bru% & sauc] become useless4 ,sid5ote3 ,%ell ,gold4 ,%ell gold 7) :i* wat] only is employ$7 is n suitable = l>ge works4 ,sid5ote3 ,liquid ,gold4 ,*9ese metallic ink1 or liquid gold #as4 p] bottle1 is an excell5t prep>ation4 ,:5 ?or\ghly mix$ by %ak+1 p\r a little into a small sauc]1 /irr+ x up ea* "t ! bru% is fill$4 ,at fir/1 great c>e is requisite to prev5t blots4 ,x works mo/ easily :5 ne>ly dry1 by ! addition ( a little wat] 9 ! bru%4 ,sid5ote3 ,wat]-gold ,size4 ,sid5ote3 ,gold-leaf4 ,leaf-gold is consid]$ ! mo/ durable1 is beautifully bright1 & repays ! tr\ble ( its application4 ,a book conta9+ #be leaves co/s #as4 #f;d41 or #ajj leaves = #ds4 ,wat]-gold size seems to be ! simple/ prep>ation1 #as4 #f;d4 p] box4 ,?is size is us$ l a moi/ col\r1 ) wat]4 ,pa9t ! surface to be gild$1 smoo?ly & r ?ickly1 c>efully pres]v+ ! edges cle> & %>p4 ,let x /& until1 on t\*+ ! size lightly ) ! f+]1 x is f\nd to be /icky1 b n moi/1 s z to sme>4 ,:ile ! size is dry+1 take a piece ( common writ+-pap] 7n too highly glaz$71 rub x ov] slightly & briskly ) a piece ( :ite wax 79 two or ?ree /rokes71 lay x on a leaf ( gold :i* w adh]e to ! pap]4#i ,) a l>ge1 %>p pair ( scissors1 cut bo? pap] & gold-leaf into a piece r l>g] ?an ! surface to be gild$1 & ! size be+ j /icky1 lay ! gold d[n ^u x1 keep+ ! pap] /ill 9 its place2 press x v g5tly & smoo?ly all ov] ) a ball ( cotton-wool1 z if y 7 pa/+ x d[n3 brea! on ! pap]1 !n remove x1 & let ! gold rema9 undi/urb$ ab\t half an h\r1 or long]4 ,!n1 ) a l>ge1 dry bru%1 9 light1 %>p t\*es1 bru% away ! sup]flu\s gold1 & ! "w is complet$4 #i ,ano!r me?od is to pass ! piece ( writ+-pap] %>ply & briskly ov] y\r hair1 two or ?ree times1 :i*1 *>g+ x slightly ) electricity1 w make ! pap] adhesive1 s t ! gold-leaf w be tak5 up by x4 ,!re are o!r me?ods ( apply+ gold-leaf1 b ?is is giv5 z ! simple/4 ,a gild]'s tip 7a flat bru%7 is g5]ally us$1 b requires skill 9 h&l+1 :i* rem>k applies also to ! gild]'s palette & knife4 ,any corn]s to :i* ! gold has n adh]$ may be ret\*$ ) ! size1 & gild$ z be=e4 ,be c>eful n to t\* ! gold ) ! f+]s1 or x w be q spoilt4 ,if ! leaf curls up ^u ! pap]1 x c be bl[n d[n ) a g5tle brea?4 ,sid5ote3 ,rais$ ,gold4 ,!re is an ,illum9at+ ,rais+ ,prep>ation at #as4 #f;d4 p] bottle1 :i* may be f\nd useful1 & may be pa9t$ ov] ) ,bessem]'s1 or wat]-gold2 x w\ld1 h[ev]1 add to ! difficulty ( apply+ gold-leaf1 unless ! h& 7 previ\sly well practis$4 ,sid5ote3 ,silv]4 ,,silv] is sold 9 %ells2 a wat]-col\r1 b x quickly t>ni%es4 ,sid5ote3 ,alum9ium4 ,alum9ium is sold 9 %ells 7a wat]-col\r71 & is a good sub/itute = silv]2 al?\gh n equal 9 beauty1 x is said n to t>ni%4 ,be+ a rec5t discov]y1 x has n yet _h ! te/ ( long exp]i5ce4 ,alum9ium is us$ 9 t\*es ^u :ite fl[]s1 or ! emblem ( ! dove1 previ\sly s(tly %ad$ ) neutral t9t4 ,^! %ell metals co/ ab\t #f;d4 & upw>ds4 ,sid5ote3 ,sauc]s4 ,sauc]s1 #b in*es 9 diamet]1 %\ld be procur$ = ! r$ & blue p[d] col\rs4 ,a small] sauc]1 #a in* 9 diamet]1 = ,bessem]'s gold1 w prev5t mu* wa/e1 & ano!r = ,*9ese :ite w\ld be useful4 ,price #a;d4 ea*1 or less4 ,sid5ote3 ,comp\nd ,r$4 ,9 proce$+ to illum9ate ! scroll1 place a little v]milion-p[d]1 & q twice z mu* c>m9e1 9 a sauc]1 ) a drop or two ( ?ick gum-wat]2 mix x well ) a bru%1 add+ wat] z requir$4#aj ,/ir ! pa9t up n[ & !n dur+ use1 z ! v]milion has a t5d5cy to s9k4 #aj ,"o or two drops ( ammonia improves ! c>m9e4 ,sid5ote3 ,g]man ,blue4 ,g]man blue1 z already m5tion$1 mu/ be mix$ ) a good proportion ( gum-wat]1 /irr$ well into ! p[d]3 x is be/ to mix a little at a "t1 say half a teaspoonful ( ! p[d]1 z x h>d5s1 & becomes m tr\blesome to use4 ,?is blue1 prep>$ z a moi/ col\r1 w\ld be mo/ valuable = illum9at+1 if x did n lose its opacity4 ,sid5ote3 ,succession ( ,col\rs4 ,pa9t all ! black 9 ! scroll fir/1 ! r$ next1 &1 if ,g]man blue1 blue la/1 z1 ) e precaution1 x is apt to rub--9 :i* case1 remove ! blemi%es ) crumbs ( bread4 ,if ! text %\ld consi/ ( two l9es1 f9i% ! upp] "o fir/ 7all b ! gold71 to prev5t injury to ! l[] "o by rubb+4 ,fre% wat] %\ld be provid$ = ea* col\r1 9 ord] to pres]ve its brightness4 ,bessem]'s gold pa9t may be appli$ la/ ( all1 b leaf-gold %\ld be laid on be=e any col\r4 ,! foll[+ rem>ks on ! subject ( anci5t illum9ations are valuable1 hav+ be5 made by ,mr4 ,rusk9 at a meet+ ( ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies1 held on ! #f? ( ,june1 #ahfa4 ,he obs]v$ t ! be/ designs 7 contriv$ s z to give ! greate/ effect to arrangem5ts ( pure & beautiful col\r4 ,he expla9$ ! excell5ce ( ! be/ specim5s z aris+ f simplicity ( design & col\r--! latt] be+ left :olly uncl\d$ by %ade4 ,he did n d5y ! high excell5ce ( ! naturali/ic treatm5ts 9 ! illum9ations ( ! #ae? & #af? c5turies & lat]--b he view$ illum9ation 9 ?is condition z fall5 into decay1 & by ! introduction ( %ad+ 0 effect$ ! f9al de/ruction ( :at _h con/itut$ its ess5tial pr9ciples & glory 9 ! #ac? c5tury4 ,sid5ote3 ,frames4 ,scrolls c be v suitably m\nt$ 9 frames ( pla9 oak--,ox=d frames--:i* co/ #cs4 #f;d4 ea*1 glass includ$1 ! size be+ ab\t #bb by #f or #g in*es4 ,sid5ote3 ,directions = ,pack+4 ,= transmission by railway1 c4 c>dbo>d scrolls mu/ be protect$ ei!r by a ?9 piece ( wood ( ! same size1 or by two pieces ( /\t millbo>d1 well wrapp$ r\nd ) pap]4 ,ev5 a doz5 l>ge scrolls pack$ toge!r h be5 ru9$ = want ( ^! precautions4 ,illum9at+ 9 ,oil-,col\rs on ,z9c = ,*ur*es4 ,sid5ote3 ,isa4 lx4 #ac4 ,illu/ration3 ,to beautify ! place ( ,my ,sanctu>y4 ,sid5ote3 ,mat]ials4 ,! foll[+ mat]ials are requir$3-- ,sid5ote3 ,z9c4 ,z9c1 9 /rips1 av]age price #aj;d4 p] squ>e foot4 ,sid5ote3 ,oil pa9ts1 c4 ,oil-pa9ts1 9 tubes4 ,v]milion1 #f;d4 ,crimson lake1 #d;d4 ^! may be mix$4 ,fr5* ultram>9e1 #as4 ,blue black1 #d;d4 ,em]ald gre51 #d;d4 ,ivory :ite1 #d;d4 ,?is cream-col\r$ :ite has ! ri*e/ & be/ effect4 #a ,bottle ( pale dry+ oil1 #f;d4 #a ,bottle ( spirits ( turp5t9e1 #f;d4 ,sid5ote3 ,bru%es4 ,bru%es--,r$ sable1 v>i\s sizes1 f #d;d4 to #as4 #b;d4 ea*4 ,sid5ote3 ,palette1 c4 ,a wood5 palette1 #as4 #f;d4 ,a palette-knife1 #as4 #f;d4 ,tailor's *alk1 or pipe-clay1 #b;d4 ,a c>p5t]'s #b-;foot rule1 #as4 or #as4 #f;d4 ,sid5ote3 ,z9c4 ,9 *ur*es :]e ! walls are damp1 or o!rwise unsuit$ = receiv+ col\r1 x is f\nd t z9c is an excell5t mat]ial = illum9at+ texts f ,holy ,scripture1 to be fix$ to ! wall :5 complet$4 ,?is me?od is mu* less exp5sive ?an pa9t+ 9 fresco4 ,sid5ote3 ,f\ndation ,coat ( ,pa9t4 ,z9c c be procur$ ( any ord9>y plumb]1 at an av]age price ( #aj;d4 p] squ>e foot2 x requires no p>ticul> prep>ation = illum9at+1 except+ a f\ndation-col\r 7or gr\nd71 :i* c be laid on by any h\se-pa9t] f> bett] ?an by ! amateur4 ,?is %\ld be done at ! work%op1 z ! smell ( s l>ge a body ( pa9t w\ld be v injuri\s to ^? unaccu/om$ to x4 ,sid5ote3 ,t9ts to mat* or contra/4 ,! f\ndation-col\r %\ld ei!r mat* ! t9t ( ! wall to :i* ! scroll w be affix$1 or pres5t a decid$ contra/4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 9 mat*+ ! col\r ( a pla/]$ wall1 t ! pa9t %\ld be light] 9 t9t1 z x has a t5d5cy to d>k51 :ile ! pla/] is likely to become r light]1 especially 9 new build+s4 ,f\ndation-col\rs1 c4 suitable to p>ticul> seasons ( ! ,*ur* w be enum]at$ at ! end ( ?is article4 ,sid5ote3 ,size ( ,lett]s4 ,! size1 %ape1 & l5g? ( a scroll mu/1 ( c\rse1 v>y ) ! position x is int5d$ to occupy4 ,9 a text compos$ entirely ( capitals1 ! size ( ! lett]s %\ld be ab\t half ! dep? ( ! z9c3 ! latt] be+ #f in*es1 includ+ ! bord]1 ! capitals w\ld be #c in*es high4 ,small lett]s w\ld be>1 ( c\rse1 _! usual proportion1 z 9 o!r illum9ations4 ,sid5ote3 ,di/9ctness4 ,x is q a mi/ak5 idea t ! l>g] ! pr9t+1 ! pla9] w be ! text2 cle>ness is r atta9$ by keep+ ! lett]s close to ea* o!r1 & leav+ a suffici5t space betwe5 ea* ^w4 ,x w be f\nd1 z a g5]al rule1 t1 ) ! exception ( ! lett] ,i1 all capitals are conta9$ 9 a squ>e--if #c in*es high1 #c wide4 ,x is v useful to be> ?is 9 m9d 9 calculat+ ! numb] ( words to be pr9t$ 9 a giv5 space1 especially :5 x is difficult to judge ( ! effect till complete4 ,texts = l>ge *ur*es1 to be plac$ r\nd ar*es1 or at any great height1 are g5]ally pr9t$ 9 capitals4 ,sid5ote3 ,outl9es to be trac$4 ,outl9es %\ld n be drawn ^u ! z9c 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 b ^u a /rip ( pap] 7:i* may be sev]al %eets pa/$ toge!r at ! edges71 wid] ?an ! scroll1 s t x may be fold$ firmly ov] x1 & ! lett]s trac$1 z already expla9$ 7page #g74 ,any ?9 common pap] answ]s = ?is purpose3 tissue w\ld be too ?94 ,trac+ is recomm5d$1 because ! process ( eras+ p5cil-m>ks1 al?\gh easily effect$ ) spirits ( turp5t9e1 is apt to leave a sme>1 & spoils ! smoo? cle>ness ( ! f\ndation-col\r4 ,sid5ote3 ,*alk-trac+4 ,on a d>k-col\r$ gr\nd ! foll[+ me?od is pursu$4 ,draw ! text1 z usual1 on common c>tridge-pap] 7#c or #d in*es wid] ?an ! z9c1 s t ! edges may be turn$ d[n firmly ov] x73 ) po9t$ scissors cut ! lett]s out & put !m aside1 z !y are n requir$3 lay ! rema9+ pap]-gr\ndwork on ! z9c1 & ) r$ or :ite tailor's pipe-clay trace c>efully r\nd ! outl9es ( ! spaces :i* =m ! lett]s4 ,:5 all are trac$1 remove ! pap]1 & ) a h&k]*ief bru% away1 v lightly1 ! sup]flu\s *alk4 ,sid5ote3 ,dry ,f\ndation-,col\rs4 ,special c>e mu/ be tak5 n to beg9 ! lett]+ until ! f\ndation-col\r be p]fectly h>d5$1 o!rwise ! pressure ( ! p5cil w make ind5t$ l9es :i* _c be remov$1 %\ld correction be necess>y4 ,9 cold1 damp wea!r1 ! pa9t dries & h>d5s v sl[ly1 s t ! f\ndations %\ld be prep>$ at lea/ a week be=e !y are requir$ = illum9at+4 ,sid5ote3 ,to pa9t ! ,lett]s4 ,9 proce$+ to pa9t ! lett]s1 squeeze out a small quantity ( ! col\r on to ! wood5 palette1 & ) ! flexible palette-knife mix x ) a little ( ! pale dry+ oil1 & a v little spirits ( turp5t9e4 ,! latt] c be disp5s$ )1 if ! smell ( x be f\nd injuri\s2 o!rwise x contributes to bright5 ! col\rs1 & makes !m dry m quickly4 ,9 pa9t+ keep ! bru% full1 lay+ on ! col\r 9 long /eady sweeps1 n 9 %ort1 ha/y t\*es1 :i* w\ld leave irregul>ities ( surface4 ,sid5ote3 ,corrections4 ,spirits ( turp5t9e1 us$ alone1 w s]ve to remove ! col\r1 if correction be necess>y2 b c>e mu/ be tak5 n to apply en\gh to remove ! f\ndation-col\r at ! same "t4 ,if a wrong col\r be accid5tally appli$1 ano!r c be pa9t$ ov] x1 b1 ( c\rse1 ?is %\ld be avoid$ if possible4 ,sid5ote3 ,gold-leaf4 ,gold-leaf is appli$ 9 ! mann] already expla9$ 7page #i71 b ) oil gold-size4 ,pla9 v]milion1 us$ 9 ! same way z size1 is said to answ] ! purpose equally well4 ,bessem]'s gold pa9t only answ]s = a "t1 z x soon becomes discol\r$ on metal4 ,sid5ote3 ,numb] ( ,coats ( ,pa9t4 ,lett]s pa9t$ 9 :ite w require ?ree coats ( col\r2 9 blue & gre51 at lea/ two2 9 black1 two coats4#aa ,v]milion is g5]ally bright] if laid on 9 suffici5t quantity at once1 )\t ret\*+4 #aa ,ea* coat mu/ be all[$ to dry be=e ano!r is laid on4 ,! "t w v>y accord+ to damp or dry wea!r4 ,! writ] has occasionally _h ! col\rs mix$ = use by a village-pa9t]1 b ?is w\ld only be done on an em]g5cy4 ,sid5ote3 ,be/ ,col\rs = ,effect4 ,= effect1 x is be/ n to employ _m col\rs2 r$ & black1 ) a little blue or gre51 inv>iably look be/ at a di/ance4 ,illu/ration3 ,quatrefoil ,bord]4 ,sid5ote3 ,bord]s4 ,elaborate bord]s on z9c scrolls are q unsuitable2 an edge ( quatrefoil 7?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* 9 dep?71 or some?+ equally simple1 hav+ by f> ! be/ effect2 ?is also mu/ n be plac$ too ne> ! lett]s1 or x w int]f]e ) ! di/9ctness ( ! text4 ,! bord] %\ld be drawn at ! edge ( ! z9c1 unless ! gr\nd-col\r contra/ ) ! wall1 9 :i* case a n>r[ m>g9 may be left4 ,sid5ote3 ,to clean ,palette & ,bru%es4 ,! palette & bru%es mu/ be wa%$ q clean aft] daily use1 ) spirits ( turp5t9e4 ,if ! pa9t is all[$ to h>d5 7z x w 9 a few h\rs71 x _c be remov$4 ,sid5ote3 ,heal?4 ,= ! pres]vation ( heal?1 ?is description ( illum9at+ %\ld1 9 summ]1 be c>ri$ on ) widely-op5$ w9d[s1 & 9 w9t] beside a l>ge fire1 :i* purifies ! air ( ! room1 & prev5ts ! smell ( ! turp5t9e1 c4 f be+ injuri\s to delicate p]sons4 ,col\rs = ,special ,seasons4 ,sid5ote3 ,adv5t4 ,= ! season ( ,adv5t1 violet gr\nd1 ) r$ & :ite lett]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,l5t4 ,= ,l5t1 a w>m or p9ki%-grey gr\nd1 lett]s all :ite1 ) black edges4 ,sid5ote3 ,fe/ivals4 ,long scrolls = fe/ivals h ! be/ effect ) :ite gr\nd4 ,%ort scrolls look v h&some ) gold lett]s ^u r$ or blue gr\nd4 ,sid5ote3 ,gr\nd ,t9ts4 ,! t9t ( ! gr\nd-col\rs mu/1 9 a great measure1 dep5d ^u ! light 9 :i* !y w be se54 ,9 "s cases crimson is pref]able to sc>let1 & ! blue or violet1 if plac$ 9 a d>k "p ( ! *ur*1 w\ld require to be mu* pal] ?an usual4 ,symbolism ( ,col\rs4 ,sid5ote3 ,isa4 liv4 ,,ii4 ,illu/ration3 ,behold1 ,i w lay ?y /ones ) fair col\rs4 ,i h v5tur$ to prefix ^! sacr$ words to ?is "p ( my subject1 9 ord] to po9t out h[ manife/ly ! emblematic significance ( col\r has its f\ndation & au?ority 9 ! ,holy ,scriptures4 ,! fact is fir/ br\ght to our notice 9 ! inspir$ acc\nt ( ! mak+ ( ! ,tab]nacle1 "u ! ,div9e comm&s1 & subsequ5tly 9 ! build+ ( ! ,temple4 ,! col\rs1 numb]s1 & _m o!r p>ticul>s ( ! ,mosaic disp5sation1 7 symbolical types--a %ad[ ( good ?+s to come1 long s9ce fulfill$ ,sid5ote3 ,heb4 x4 #a42 b ! symbolical application ( col\rs & o!r types ( heav5ly ?+s is n !re=e end$1 inasmu* z !y are l>gely s employ$ ?r\gh\t ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,^! comb9$ facts furni% an argum5t to my own m9d mo/ conv9c+1 t we may1 ) all rev]5ce1 cont9ue to reg>d col\rs symbolically1 z types ( heav5ly attributes & virtues4 ,mrs4 ,jameson#ab says1 ,9 v e>ly art we f9d col\rs us$ 9 a symbolical or my/ic s5se1 & until ! anci5t pr9ciples & traditions 7 :olly worn out ( memory1 or set aside by ! lat] pa9t]s1 c]ta9 col\rs 7 appropriate to c]ta9 subjects & p]sonages1 & c\ld n arbitr>ily be appli$ or misappli$4 ,9 ! old specim5s ( /a9$ glass1 we f9d ^! significations scrupul\sly att5d$ to4 #ab ,9 ,! ,poetry ( ,sacr$ & ,leg5d>y ,art4 ,! precise t9ts ( ! col\rs m5tion$ 9 ! ,holy ,scriptures mu/ ev] be a subject ( d\bt1 b en\gh c be ga!r$ f anci5t writ+s to br+ !m )9 c]ta9 degrees ( probability4 ,9 an int]e/+ article 9 ,dr4 ,kitto's ,cyclopdia ( ,biblical ,lit]ature1 we read3--,josephus evid5tly takes ! ,hebrew ^w1 translat$ blue1 to mean 'sky-col\r1' =1 9 expla9+ ! col\rs ( ! vail ( ! ,temple1 & ref]r+ to ! blue 7,exod4 xxvi4 #ca71 he says t x repres5t$ ! air or sky4 ,we mu/ n1 h[ev]1 be l$ away by our own mod]n t]m sky-blue1 :i* repres5ts a pale col\r1 b recollect t 7to quote aga9 f ,dr4 ,kitto7 9 proportion z ! sky is cle> & s]5e1 x assumes a d>k appe>ance1 :i* is /ill m obs]vable 9 an ea/]n climate4 ,! blue ( ecclesia/ical col\r+ is always d>k & int5se4 ,purple is ! t]m ( mo/ d\btful signification1 be+ frequ5tly appli$ to crimson1 sc>let1 & blue4 ,! fam\s ,tyrian purple 0 manufactur$ f ! juice ( %ell-fi%1--pr9cipally ! ,murex trunculus ( ,l9nu & ,lam>ck1--& 0 comp>$ by ,pl9y to ! ri*1 fre%1 & bright col\r ( deep-r$ purple roses4 ,! same writ] obs]ves1 t violet1 purple1 & sc>let1 7 n[h]e dy$ s well z at ,tyre1 ^: %ores ab\nd$ ) ! be/ k9ds ( purples4 ,x seems1 to my judgm5t1 reasonable to suppose t ! purple employ$ 9 ! curta9s ( ! ,tab]nacle1 c4 0 violet1 z t col\r w\ld be/ unite ) sc>let & blue1 :i* are sep>ately enum]at$4 ,x is int]e/+ also to read t ,pl9y describes r$ z di/+ui%$ f purple1 & calls x a gay1 lively bright1 approa*+ ! col\r ( fire4 ,b ?is is a long digression2 to resume3--,9 ! ,div9e comm&s relative to ! mak+ ( ! ,tab]nacle 9 ! wild]ness1 ?is v]se occurs 7,exod4 xxviii4 #e71 ,& !y %all take gold1 & blue1 & sc>let1 & purple1 & f9e l95--t is1 :ite4 ,! symbolical mean+ :i* may be ga!r$ f ^! words is v /rik+ & beautiful4 ,!re are ?ree col\rs m5tion$ 7:ite is n a col\r72 ( ^!1 two are prim>y--t is1 orig9al1 n =m$ by any comb9ation--r$ & blue4 ,purple 7or violet7 is made by a comb9ation1 proce$+ f ^! two2 & s 9 ^! f\ndation-col\rs ( ! ,tab]nacle1 ,i w\ld rev]5tly see a symbolical repres5tation ( ! ,?ree ,mo/ ,holy ,p]sons ( ! ,godhead4 ,to complete ! symbol1 we h also :ite1 signify+ p]fect righte\sness1 ! emblem & col\r ( light2 & gold1 typify+ glory4 ,?us1 9 ! fir/ & highe/ s5se1 are col\rs symbolical4 ,sid5ote3 ,emphasis by ,col\r4 ,to apply ! subject to ! art ( illum9ation4 ,x has be5 already rem>k$ t ! emphasis ( a text is express$ 9 two ways--by prefix+ capital lett]s to ! pr9cipal words1 & also by di/9ction ( col\r4 ,on ! due att5tion to a few simple rules respect+ ! value ( c]ta9 col\rs1 & _! j application1 mu* ( ! beauty ( an illum9at$ "w dep5ds4 ,sid5ote3 ,gold4 ,,gold is ( ! highe/ value4 ,x %\ld be employ$ only = ! lett]s =m+ ! names ( ,! ,holy ,tr9ity1 or ,_! attributes4 ,= ! sake ( di/9ctness1 h[ev]1 ! gold mu/ be ei!r edg$ ) blue or r$1 or ! :ole ^w may be plac$ on a tablet ( col\r4 ,sprays ( fleurs-de-lys1 c4 9 r$1 tw9+ betwe51 b n ov] ! lett]s1 w also assi/ 9 mak+ !m di/9ct & m>k$4 ,9 words ref]r+ to ,heav5 or ,angels1 gold />s or dots spr9kl$ ov] ! lett]s are appropriate4 ,capitals %\ld be edg$ entirely1 or gr\nd$1 ) gold4 ,! small lett]s are sometimes edg$ only on "o side1 :i* gives !m a rais$ appe>ance3 x %\ld be ! side ne>e/ ! "r h&4 ,trefoils1 & simil> leaves1 are g5]ally pa9t$ 9 gold4 ,sid5ote3 ,blue4 ,,blue 7int5se1 sapphire7 is ( fir/ value 9 col\rs1 :5 us$ alone1 b r$ is ( equal value if us$ 9 apposition4#ac ,x is pre-em95tly a col\r ( remembrance4 ,! *ildr5 ( ,israel 7 comm&$ to we> on _! g>m5ts fr+es1 & on ! fr+es a rib& ( blue1 t :5 !y look$ ^u x !y might rememb] all ! comm&m5ts ( ! ,,"l1 & d !m1#ad & be holy unto _! ,god4 ,?is col\r be+ worn by express comm&1 signifi$ t ! we>] 0 ,god's own1--typify+1 !re=e1 adoption1 son%ip2 fur!r1 be+ ! col\r ( ! sky1 x rem9d$ ,israel ( 8 home 9 ,heav53 s likewise 9 ! curta9s ( ! ,tab]nacle1 ! blue signifi$ t hope ( ,heav5 :i* belongs to ! true tab]nacles ( ! liv+ ,god1 t is1 to holy he>ts :]e9 ,god dwelle?4#ae #ac ,= example1 ,z ?y days1 s %all ?y /r5g? be1 ! ^w days might be r$1 :ile /r5g? might be 9 blue2 ! col\rs w\ld !n be equal 9 value2 b 9 su* a text z ,my times are 9 ,?y ,h&1 times be+ 9 r$ & ,h& 9 blue1 ! latt] col\r w\ld be ( ! high] value4 #ad ,see ,numb]s1 xv4 #ch-da4 #ae ,s]mon on ,*ur* ,col\r+1 by ! ,rev4 ,r4 ,j4 ,sprang]1 ,m4 ,a4 ,publi%$ by ,ma/]s & ,co41 price #f;d4 ,,blue may be employ$ to repres5t ,heav5 & holy ,angels2 heav5ly hope2 heav5ly re/2 hol9ess2 consecration2 tru?2 remembrance2 adoption2 peace2 fidelity2 con/ancy4 ,sid5ote3 ,r$4 ,,r$ 7sc>let1 crimson1 or ruby1 ! col\r ( fire7 0 anci5tly employ$ to typify ! ,holy ,_s1 or ! ,creative ,p[]4 ,x is ?us ! symbol ( ,,div9e ,,love3 includ+ help1 protection1 zeal1 & simil> holy attributes4 ,z ! col\r ( blood1 x typifies ,,r$emption & =giv5ess4 ,mrs4 ,jameson in=ms u1 t anci5tly our ,,savi\r & ! ,bless$ ,virg9 7 repres5t$ 9 ! r$ tunic & blue mantle1 z signify+ heav5ly love & heav5ly tru?4 ,! same col\rs 7 giv5 to ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/1 ) ?is diff]5ce1 t he wore ! blue tunic & ! r$ mantle4 ,sid5ote3 ,purple or ,violet4 ,,purple 0 anci5tly employ$ 9 religi\s wor%ip bo? by ,jews & ,g5tiles4 ,s e>ly z 9 ! ,book ( ,judges 7viii4 #bf71 we read ( x z =m+ ! attire ( k+s2 & _m texts ( ,holy ,scripture might be adduc$ %ew+ x to be almo/ exclusively devot$ to royalty4 ,we read1 9 ! ,cyclopdia already quot$1 t ,pl9y records a simil> use ( x among ! ,romans2 & ,hom] speaks ( purple z if x 7 almo/ peculi> to k+s4 ,suetonius relates t ,julius ,cs> prohibit$ its use by ,roman subjects1 except on c]ta9 days1 & t ,n]o =bade x altoge!r1 on pa9 ( dea?4 ,purple 7violet1 or ame?y/7 signifies1 !re=e1 fir/1 royalty4 ,x 0 also ! anci5t symbol ( love & tru?1 or passion & suff]+2 h5ce x 0 ! col\r (t5 worn by ! m>tyrs3 9 ! ,spani% s*ools1 ! col\r ( our ,,savi\r',s mantle is g5]ally a ri* deep violet4 ,9 "s in/ances1 our ,,savi\r1 aft] ,8 resurrection1 is habit$ 9 a violet in/ead ( a blue mantle4 ,?is w\ld1 d\btless1 ref] to its royal1 victori\s signification4 ,! ,bless$ ,virg9 is repres5t$ 9 violet1 aft] ! crucifixion--( c\rse 9 tok5 ( deepe/ m\rn+4 ,m>y ,magdal5e1 :o1 z patron sa9t1 we>s ! r$ robe1 z p5it5t we>s violet & blue1 ! col\rs ( sorr[ & con/ancy4 ,we may n[ easily und]/& :y purple has be5 accept$ z ! ,*ur*'s m\rn+ col\r4 ,al?\gh s beautiful :5 repres5t$ 9 ! cle>ness ( /a9$ glass1 purple is b little us$ 9 l>ge illum9ations1 except+ sometimes z a gr\nd-col\r2 *iefly1 p]haps1 because s difficult to produce 9 a suffici5tly bright1 pure t9t1 z comp>$ to ! r$ & blue4 ,sid5ote3 ,:ite4 ,,:ite is ess5tially ! emblem ( light & sa9tly purity4 ,( ! fir/1 because ! f9e/ light is :ite2 ( ! second1 ,i ne$ h>dly quote ! reason1--,sid5ote3 ,rev4 xix4 #h4 ,& to h] 0 grant$ t %e %\ld be array$ 9 f9e l951 clean & :ite3 = ! f9e l95 is ! righte\sness ( ! sa9ts4 ,sid5ote3 ,isa4 i4 #ah4 ,sid5ote3 ,ps4 li4 #g4 ,typical1 also1 ( =giv5ess3 ,?\gh y\r s9s be z sc>let1 !y %all be z :ite z sn[4 ,wa% me1 & ,i %all be :it] ?an sn[4 ,! symbol also ( wisdom1 innoc5ce1 fai?1 joy1 integrity1 humility3 ( glory1 p]fection1 & reg5]ation2 = :ite conta9s all col\rs4 ,solomon says1 ,sid5ote3 ,eccles4 ix4 #h4 ,let y\r g>m5ts be always :ite4 ,?us ,i h enum]at$ ! col\rs m especially devot$ to ! ,*ur*4 ,sid5ote3 ,em]ald ,gre54 ,,em]ald ,,gre5 has be5 latt]ly introduc$2 & ?\gh1 f its inf]ior ri*ness :5 contra/$ ) o!r col\rs1 x %\ld be sp>+ly employ$ 9 illum9ations1 x may occasionally assi/ 9 produc+ a v pleas+ effect1 especially 9 floriations & ornam5tal /ops4 ,beautiful emblematic mean+s are atta*$ to ?is col\r1--namely1 hope 9 immortality1 et]nity1 victory4 ,?is la/1 because gre5 is ! col\r ( laurel & palm4 ,sid5ote3 ,grey4 ,,grey1 ! col\r ( a%es1 anci5tly signifi$ m\rn+1 humility1 & innoc5ce accus$4 ,?is col\r is sometimes employ$ 9 gr\nd-"w1 n = lett]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,black4 ,,black is1 ( c\rse1 employ$ only z be+ useful & di/9ct1 )\t symbolism4 ,x is adapt$ to all words ( m9or importance1 & to int]m$iate /ops2 also1 ( c\rse1 = ! /alks & ve9s ( leaves1 & /ems ( bran*es1 c4 ,x may n be consid]$ irrelevant to ! subject1 if ,i subjo9 an explanation ( ! col\rs employ$ 9 ! s]vices ( ! ,*ur*1 tak5 f ,pur*as's ,directorium ,anglicanum3-- ,,:ite4--,f ! ev5+ ( ,*ri/mas ,eve to ! ,octave ( ,epiphany1 inclusive1 except ,fea/s ( ,/4 ,/eph5 & ! ,holy ,innoc5ts4 ,f ! ev5+ ( ,ea/] ,eve to ! ,vigil ( ,p5teco/2 on ,tr9ity ,sunday1 ,purification1 ,conv]sion ( ,/4 ,paul1 ! ,annunciation1 ,/4 ,john ,bapti/1 ,/4 ,mi*ael1 ,/4 ,luke1 & ,all ,sa9ts4 ,,r$4--,vigil ( ,p5teco/ to ! next ,saturday2 ,holy ,innoc5ts 7if on a ,sunday71 & all o!r ,fea/s4 ,,violet4--,a% ,w$nesday to ,ea/] ,eve2 ,adv5t to ,*ri/mas ,eve2 ,emb] ,weeks 9 ,septemb]2 ,rogation ,days2 ,holy ,innoc5ts1 unless on ,sunday2 on ,septuagesima1 ,sexagesima1 & ,qu9quagesima ,sundays4 ,,black4--,on ,good ,friday1 & fun]als1 & on public fa/s4 ,,gre54--,on all o!r days4 ,,clo?-,,(-,,gold is said to supply all o!r col\rs4 ,x seems possible t ?is is ) ref]5ce to ,psalm xlv4 #i1 #ac4 ,,emblems4 ,sid5ote3 ,/4 ,john1 xv4 #e4 ,illu/ration3 ,i am ! ,v9e1 ye are ! bran*es4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to obs]ve t ! only ornam5tation suitable to a text f ,holy ,scripture is t :i* conveys to ! m9d "s religi\s ?\ght2 & su* ?\ghts are naturally sugge/$ by =ms t figuratively repres5t "s holy attribute or virtue4 ,sid5ote3 ,crosses4 ,! fir/ & mo/ obvi\s ( ,*ri/ian emblems is ! ,cross1 t bless$ =m :i* mu/ & %\ld always rem9d u ( ! ine/imable price ( our r$emption4 ,z su* a remembrance x has be5 receiv$ f ! e>lie/ ages ( ,*ri/ianity2#af & mo/ de> may x always prove to ^? :o love _! ,,savi\r's ,"n6 #af ,x 0 n till ! six? c5tury t ! cross became a crucifix1 no long] an emblem1 b an image4--,sacr$ & ,leg5d>y ,art4 ,! almo/ inf9itely v>y+ =ms ( ?is sacr$ symbol are divid$ into two classes1 ! ,lat9 & ! ,greek2 :i* di/9ction orig9at$ 9 ! sep>ation ( ! ,ea/]n & ,we/]n ,*ur*es4 ,! ,lat9 =ms mo/ ne>ly resemble ! true cross1 i4e4 hav+ ! l[] limb elongat$--?is1 ( c\rse1 is receiv$ z ! emblem ( ! ,atonem5t3 ! ,greek1 hav+ ea* ( ! f\r limbs equal 9 l5g?1 is consid]$ symbolical ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 ext5d+ its bless$ influ5ce ?r\gh all ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! _w4 ,on ?is di/9ction ( ! two =ms1 x has be5 well obs]v$ t ! ,lat9s1 :o 7 m mat]ial 9 s5tim5t ?an ! ,greeks1 pref]r$ ! actual =m2 ! ,greeks1 m spiritual ?an ! ,lat9s1 idealis$ ! reality4 ,! ,we/]n ,*ur* has g5]ally reta9$ ! ,lat9 =m1 :ile ! ,greek is m peculi> to ! ,ea/]n bran*4 ,9 all ! e>li] examples we read t ?is di/9ction seems to h be5 v scrupul\sly obs]v$4#ag #ag ,see ,p5ny ,po/1 vol4 vii4 #aheg4 ,( ,lat9 crosses1 ! pr9cipal are ^!3-- ,illu/ration ,! pla9 =m 7call$ 9 h]aldry ! ,passion ,cross7 resembl+1 z is g5]ally believ$1 t on :i* our ,bless$ ,"l di$ = u4 ,sometimes1 :5 int5d$ especially to symbolise sorr[ & suff]+1 ! ?ree upp] arms are %>p-po9t$4 ,! simple cross1 rais$ on ?ree /eps1 is call$ ! ,cross ,calv>y1 ! /eps be+ said to typify ! ?ree ,*ri/ian graces1 ,fai?1 ,hope1 & ,*>ity4 ,illu/ration ,! ,tau ,cross1 resembl+ 9 %ape ! ,greek lett] 7tau72 x is also call$ ! ,egyptian ,cross1 &1 9 h]aldry1 ! ,cross ,pot5t1 :i* is ! old ,engli% ^w = crut*4 ,! ,cross ,crosslet1 ( ?is =m1 on our title-page1 is tak5 f ! seal ( ! ,lat9 ,conv5t ( ,/4 ,salvador1 at ,j]usalem1 b ! rib& & motto are adopt$ = ! pres5t occasion4 ,/4 ,philip is sometimes repres5t$ ) ?is cross1--on :i*1 inde$1 he is believ$ to h suff]$ m>tyrdom1--& ,/4 ,an?ony s g5]ally1 t x is (t5 call$ aft] 8 "n4 ,"s old writ]s on symbolism saw 9 ! ,tau ,cross ! ideal precursor ( ! real cross--anticipatory1 typical--! cross ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,x is repres5t$ also 9 religi\s art z t on :i* ! braz5 s]p5t 0 hung4 ,illu/ration ,/4 ,&rew's ,cross is an emblem ( humility z well z ( suff]+1 ! ,apo/le be+ said to h decl>$ himself unwor?y1 ev5 9 dea?1 to approa* ! image ( 8 ,,ma/]'s suff]+s1 & !re=e to h entreat$ t ! in/rum5t ( 8 m>tyrdom might be ( a diff]5t =m4 ,! h]aldic t]m = ?is cross is saltire4 ,illu/ration ,! ,patri>*al ,cross1 =m]ly borne by ,patri>*s & ,ar*bi%ops2 reta9$ n[ 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 & worn on ! robes ( ,c>d9als4 ,?is cross is v common 9 ,spa94 ,! ,greek crosses are s inf9ite 9 v>iety1 t ,i c only attempt to portray a v small numb] ( !m1 select+ "s ( ! mo/ admir$4 ,illu/ration ,! mo/ famili> to ,engli% eyes is ! ,cross ( ,/4 ,george1 fir/ impal$ by ,*>les ,i42 to ?is 0 aft]w>ds add$ 7on ! national flag7 ! :ite ,/4 ,&rew's1 on ! union ) ,scotl&2 & lat] /ill 7#ahja7 on ! union ) ,irel&1 ,/4 ,patrick's r$ saltire4 ,& ?us ! crosses ( ! patron sa9ts peculi> to ea* k+dom became unit$ 9 our national flag4 ,illu/ration ,"o ( ! be/ kn[n among ,greek crosses is ! ,maltese1 borne by ! ,knights ( ,malta4 ,x is (t5 conf\nd$ ) ! foll[+-- ,illu/ration ,cross ,patte3 if ! out] l9es are curv$ inw>dly1 x is call$ a ,patte concave2 if outw>dly 7a pretty =m71 ,patte convex4 ,?is cross is f\nd prefix$ to old writ+s in/ead ( ! words ,9 ,*ri/i ,nom9e4 ,illu/ration ,cross ,fleury4 ,illu/ration ,cross ,b\tonne 7l buds71 or ,treffle 7trefoil74 ,illu/ration ,crosslet ,patte4 ,! t]m crosslet means a little cross1 & also a cross crosslet1 i4e4 a cross ) a %ort b> transv]s+ ea* ( ! arms3 ^! are ev5 sometimes aga9 cross$4 ,illu/ration ,cross ,pommelle 7f pomme1 an apple74 ,"s examples ( bo? ! ,lat9 & ! ,greek cross are elaborately & beautifully ornam5t$4 ,x is a rem>k quot$ on good au?ority1 9 ! ,magaz9e already ref]r$ to1 t dur+ ! ,middle ,ages1 9 ! ,we/]n ,*ur* a pla9 cross 0 consid]$ z a cross ( %ame1 & an ornam5tal "o z a cross ( glory4 ,! simple ,lat9 cross & ,/4 ,&rew's are mo/ suitable = introduction into capital lett]s4 ,! ,greek is m g5]ally plac$ at ! conclusion ( a text1 sometimes also z an int]m$iate /op1 or r z a r5ew$ d$ication4#ah ,two crosses are1 9 g5]al1 q suffici5t = ! same text2 "o z a "p ( ! d$ication1 ! o!r z a conclusion4 #ah ,x is irrev]5t to reg>d or to employ ?is sacr$ symbol z a /op4 ,! anci5t illum9ators g5]ally plac$ x at ! comm5cem5t1 & n at ! close ( _! subject4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,dove4 ,! ,dove is ! well-kn[n symbol ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,:5 ?us employ$1 ! head %\ld be encircl$ ) a ,div9e glory4 ,) ! olive-bran*1 x is ! emblem ( peace4 ,! dove has also be5 employ$ to repres5t simplicity & purity ( he>t1 & 9 anci5t times 0 ?\ght an emblem ( ! s\l4 ,! ,dove re/+ on ! cross is a mod]n b beautiful comb9ation ( emblems1 probably orig9at+ 9 ! foll[+ l9es3-- 99 99 99 99 99 ,%\ld/ ?\ n ne$ "s mighty *>m ,to w9 !e to ?y ,savi\r's side1 ,?\gh ,he ha? deign$ ) !e to bide8 ,! ,_s mu/ /ir ! d>kl+ deep1 ,! dove mu/ settle on ! cross1 ,else we %\ld all s9 on or sleep ,) ,*ri/ 9 sight1 turn+ our ga9 to loss4 ,*ri/ian ,ye> 7#d? ,sunday aft] ,ea/]47 ,sid5ote3 ,triangle1 ,trefoils1 c4 ,! ,,triangle 7equilat]al71 trefoil1 ?ree circles1 or triple triangle1 are ! emblems ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity4 ,( ! trefoil1 :i* is 9 fact ! %amrock1 x is said t ,/4 ,patrick1 :5 endeav\r+ to expla9 ! doctr9e ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity 9 ,unity to ! hea!n 9 ,irel&1 sudd5ly ca/ 8 eye on ! gre5 leaves at 8 feet1 & pluck+ "o ( !m1 convey$ an idea ( 8 mean+ 9 ?is simple =m4 ,sid5ote3 ,circle4 ,! ,,pla9 ,,circle1 )\t beg9n+ & )\t end1 0 ! e>ly symbol ( et]nity2 unit$ ) ! cross1 x typifies et]nal life3 enclos+ a triangle1 ,,?ree ,,9 ,,"o4 ,sid5ote3 ,s]p5ts4 ,! s]p5t1 ) its tail 9 its m\?1 has be5 ju/ly consid]$ an emblem ( et]nal puni%m5t4 ,! s]p5t1 or dragon1 be+ always ! emblem ( all wick$ness1 is to me q unacc\ntably a fav\rite subject = illum9ation4 ,x has1 h[ev]1 an obvi\s mean+1 repres5t$ z fly+ f ! sacr$ words4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,lamb4 ,! ,,lamb is ! obvi\s 7& v anci5t7 type ( our ,bless$ ,,savi\r4 ,x is repres5t$ ) a nimbus1 or glory1 conta9+ f\r rays1 "o ( :i* is conceal$ by ! head4 ,if ea* ray conta9s a cross1 x is call$ a crucif]\s nimbus4 ,! rays are ! especial m>k ( a ,div9e glory1 ! circlets1 or glories1 surr\nd+ heads ( sa9ts & m>tyrs nev] includ+ !m4 ,! ,lamb be>+ a bann]1 ! tok5 ( victory1 is an emblem ( ! resurrection4 ,sid5ote3 ,pelican4 ,! ,,pelican w\nd+ h] own brea/ to fe$ h] "y ones 0 an anci5t symbol ( ! ,great ,sacrifice4 ,"o or bo? ( ^! la/-nam$ emblems are frequ5tly met ) 9 anci5t crosses or crucifixes1 ! lamb at ! foot1 & ! pelican at ! top ( ! cross4 ,! ,,good ,,%eph]d1 c>ry+ a %eep1 is also an anci5t emblem4 ,sid5ote3 ,swords4 ,! ,,sword is an emblem v>y+ 9 signification accord+ to ! %>pness ( its po9t4 ,t ) an acute po9t is ! sword ( ju/ice2 ) ! po9t obtuse1 ! sword ( religion2 ) no po9t1 ! sword ( m]cy4 ,! flam+ sword typifies ,div9e v5geance4 ,sid5ote3 ,fi%4 ,! ,,fi% is "o ( ! v e>lie/ symbols ( our ,div9e ,"l4 ,! five lett]s ( ! ,greek ^w = a fi% 77 make ! initials 79 ,greek7 ( ! foll[+ s5t5ce--,,jesus ,,*ri/1 ,,god',s ,,son1 ! ,,savi\r 7 74 ,9 ?is s5se1 ,mrs4 ,jameson in=ms u1 we f9d ! fi% z a g5]al symbol ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? ^u ! s>cophagi ( e>ly ,*ri/ians2 on ! tombs ( ! m>tyrs 9 ! catacombs2 on r+s1 co9s1 lamps1 c42 & z an ornam5t 9 e>ly ,*ri/ian ar*itecture4 ,x 0 also ?\ght an appropriate emblem ( ! ,*ri/ian 9 ! wat]s ( baptism1 & 9 allusion to ! promise1 ,ye %all become fi%]s ( m54 ,sid5ote3 ,flam+ ,he>t4 ,! ,,flam+ ,,he>t expresses f]v5t piety & love4 ,sid5ote3 ,an*or4 ,! ,,an*or is an anci5t ,*ri/ian emblem ( firmness1 hope1 & pati5ce4 ,x is f\nd 9 ! catacombs & anci5t ,*ri/ian gems4 ,sid5ote3 ,lamp4 ,! ,,lamp1 lant]n1 or tap]1 is ! old emblem ( piety1 cele/ial light1 or wisdom4 ,= ,zion's sake w ,i n hold my peace1 & = ,j]usalem's sake ,i w n re/1 until ! righte\sness !re( g =? z brightness1 & ! salvation !re( z a lamp t burne?4 7,isa4 lxii4 #a47 ,let y\r light s %9e be=e m54 7,/4 ,matt4 v4 #af47 ,sid5ote3 ,lilies4 ,! ,,lily is ! emblem ( ! inc>nation1 & ( purity1 always plac$ 9 ! h& ( ! angel ,gabriel1 & (t5 9 ! h& ( ! infant ,,savi\r & ! ,bless$ ,virg92 sometimes 9 t ( ,/4 ,joseph4 ,lilies ( ! ,valley seem to be peculi>ly fitt$ to repres5t purity & meekness comb9$4 ,violets are a mod]n emblem ( mode/y4 ,sid5ote3 ,fleur-de-lys4 ,! ,,fleur-,,de-,,lys is consid]$ ! conv5tional =m ( ! lily1 & 0 9 ! ,middle ,ages adopt$ z ! emblem ( ! ,bless$ ,virg94 ,"s see 9 ! ,"m ( our ,"l a type ( ! ,*ur* on e>?--see ,/4 ,matt4 xii4 #di1 #ej--:i* gives h] emblem a mu* enl>g$ significance4 ,sid5ote3 ,passion-fl[]4 ,! ,,passion-,,fl[] pres5ts 9 itself a cr[d ( emblems1 sugge/ive ( ! mo/ solemn ?\ghts1 on :i* we c h>dly dwell ) suffici5t rev]5ce4 ,! ,passiflora crulea 7common blue ,passion-fl[]7 is ?us describ$3--,x 0 discov]$ 9 ! ,brazils1 & its wond]s 7 soon proclaim$ to ,*ri/5dom z repres5t+ ! ,passion ( our ,"l1 :5ce its pres5t appellation4 ,its leaves are said exactly to resemble ! spe> t pi]c$ our ,savi\r's side1 :ile ! five po9ts rem9d u ( ! five w\nds :i* ,he endur$2 ! t5drils1 ! cords t b\nd1 or ! :ips t sc\rg$1 ,him2 ! t5 petals1 ! ,apo/les1 ,judas hav+ betray$1 & ,pet] d5i$1 ,him2 ! pill> 9 ! c5tre 0 ! cross or tree2 ! /am5s1 ! hamm]s2 ! /yles1 ! nails2 ! inn] circle ab\t ! c5tral pill>1 ! cr[n ( ?orns2 ! radiance1 ! glory2 ! :ite t9t1 ! emblem ( purity2 & ! blue1 ! type ( heav54 ,on "o ( ! species1 ! ,passiflora alata1 r$ spots are se5 on ! cross or tree4 ,! fl[] keeps op5 ?ree days1 & !n disappe>s1 d5ot+ ! resurrection4 ,z a :ole1 ! passion-fl[] is an emblem ( fai?4 ,sid5ote3 ,pomegranate4 ,! ,,pomegranate1 bur/+ op51 & ! se$s visible1 0 consid]$ 79 e>ly art7 z an emblem ( ! future--( hope 9 immortality4 ,sid5ote3 ,phnix4 ,! ,,ph,,nix is an anci5t symbol ( immortality4 ,sid5ote3 ,palm4 ,! ,,palm is ! well-kn[n symbol ( victory aft] suff]+1 & ( heav5ly bliss4 ,mrs4 ,jameson rem>ks t x 0 ! anci5t classical symbol ( victory & triumph1 & 0 e>ly assum$ by ! ,*ri/ians z ! univ]sal symbol ( m>tyrdom4 ,sid5ote3 ,olive ,bran*4 ,! ,,olive ,,bran* & ! palm 7 v e>ly emblems ( immortality4 ,sid5ote3 ,cr[n4 ,! ,,cr[n is a ,scriptural emblem ( ! ,*ur*4 ,?\ %alt also be a cr[n ( glory 9 ! h& ( ! ,"l1 & a royal diadem 9 ! h& ( ?y ,god4 7,isa4 lxii4 #c4 ,see also ,ze*4 ix4 #af47 ,?is symbol1 plac$ above ! initial lett] ( a ,holy ,"n1 gives x a beautiful & m>k$ significance4#ai ,x may be appropriately bl5d$ ) ! cross2 also ) ! palm & ! lily4 #ai ,a cr[n hav+ ! po9ts surm\nt$ by />s1 is call$ 9 h]aldry ! cr[n cele/ial4 ,! emblems ( ! f\r ,evangeli/s are ^!3--,/4 ,mat!w1 a w+$ man 7n an angel72 ,/4 ,m>k1 a w+$ lion2 ,/4 ,luke1 a w+$ ox1 or calf2 ,/4 ,john1 an eagle4 ,^! symbols are tak5 f ! vision ( ,ezekiel1 & f t ( ,/4 ,john 9 ! ,revelation4#bj #bj ,an int]e/+ ,lecture on ,symbolism1 by ,,*>les ,,br[n1 ,esq4 is publi%$ by ,ma/]s & ,co4 ,price #bs4 ,sacr$ ,monograms4 ,sid5ote3 ,acts1 iv4 #ab4 ,illu/ration3 ,!re is none o!r ,"n "u ,heav5 giv5 among m51 :]eby we mu/ be sav$4 ,x is surpris+ h[ mu* ! real mean+ ( ! lett]s ,,ihs1 or ,,ihc1 has be5 lo/ sight (1 emblazon$ z x is on ! pulpit-cov]+s1 alt>-clo?s1 & w9d[s ( our ,*ur*es4 ,! int]pretation has be5 guess$ at1 or suppos$ to signify ! initial lett]s ( ! foll[+ s5t5ces3--,jesus ,hom9um ,salvator--,jesus1 ,savi\r ( m54 ,inspiration 7( !7 ,holy ,_s2 or1 ,jesus ,humanitatis ,consolator--,jesus1 ,com=t] ( mank9d4 ,none ( ^! int]pretations are correct4 ,on ! tombs ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians1 9 ! ,roman catacombs1 ^! lett]s 77 7 sometimes f\nd 7?\gh n s frequ5tly z ! next monogram74 ,!y are1 9 ! ,greek "*1 ! fir/ ?ree lett]s ( ! sacr$ "n ( ,jesus--4 ,! ?ird lett]1 sigma1 _h 9 e>ly ,greek two =ms1 ,c & 2 h5ce ! app>5t v>iety 9 :at is really "o & ! same ,monogram4 ,! second ,monogram1 n[ r>ely se51 b =m]ly mu* employ$ 9 memorial inscriptions1 is call$ ! ,cross ( ,con/ant9e4 ,x consi/s ( ! two ,greek *>act]s1 & 4 /&s =1 or is equival5t to1 our ,,*2 1 ! ,greek rho1 is translat$ by our lett] ,r3 ?us we h ! equival5t ( ! fir/ ?ree lett]s ( ! sacr$ "n ( ,,*ri/--9 ,greek1 4 ,x is relat$1 on ! au?ority ( ,eusebius1 t ! ,emp]or ,con/ant9e1 :ile engag$ 9 pray]1 sudd5ly saw ?is sign 9 ! sky1 & t x 0 also visible to 8 :ole army2 ov] ! sign 0 an inscription signify+ ,conqu] by ?is1 or1 ,9 ?is sign ?\ %alt conqu] 7,9 hoc signo v9ces74 ,on ! same night ! ,emp]or _h a dream--a vision ( ! ,,savi\r appe>+ to him ) ! same sign1 comm&+ him !nce=? to be> x on 8 bann]1 :]eby he %\ld always be victori\s4 ,9 ob$i5ce to ?is revelation1 ! ,emp]or imm$iately caus$ su* a bann] to be con/ruct$1 & aft]w>ds wore ! sacr$ sign ^u 8 helmet4 ,?is bann] 0 call$ a lab>um1 ( :i* we f9d ! foll[+ brief acc\nt 9 ,fosbrooke's ,encyclopdia ( ,antiquities3-- ,! "n1 b n ! ?+1 comm5ces ) ,con/ant9e4 ,x is a /&>d1 ) a cross-piece1 f :i* hung a piece ( /uff4 ,! ,romans borr[$ x f ! ,g]mans1 ,dacians1 c42 & ^u co9s ( ,augu/us1 & ! emp]ors prec$+ ,con/ant9e1 x ref]s to "s conqu]$ nation4 ,x _h an eagle pa9t$ or embroid]$1 till ,con/ant9e1 :o add$ ! cross1 monogram ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 & & 7,alpha & ,omega3 see ,rev4 i4 #h74 ,sometimes1 above ! flag1 0 a cr[n1 9 ! mid/ ( :i* 0 ! monogram m5tion$4 ,f ! cross-piece hung a squ>e /uff1 ^u :i* ,con/ant9e plac$ ! figures ( himself & 8 *ildr5 9 gold4 ,illu/ration ,! above is an orig9al example ( ! two ,monograms comb9$1 well suit$ = illum9ation4 ,! foll[+ is a beautiful illu/ration1 9 a simple =m1 ( ! doctr9e ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity 9 ,unity3-- ,illu/ration ,read ?us3#ba ,pat] non e/ ,filius4 ,filius non e/ ,sanctus ,spiritus4 ,sanctus ,spiritus non e/ ,pat]4 ,pat] e/ ,deus4 ,filius e/ ,deus4 ,sanctus ,spiritus e/ ,deus4 #ba ,! ,fa!r is n ! ,son4 ,! ,son is n ! ,holy ,_s4 ,! ,holy ,_s is n ! ,fa!r4 ,! ,fa!r is ,,god4 ,! ,son is ,,god4 ,! ,holy ,_s is ,,god4 ,emblematic ,illum9ation4 ,! accompany+ emblematic initial lett]s are suitable 9 illum9at+ ! foll[+ 7& simil>7 texts ( ,holy ,scripture3-- ,a ,) ! cross & lily1 ,he %all give ,8 ,angels *>ge ov] !e4--,ps4 xci4 #aa4 ,a ,) ! cross1 he>t1 & an*or1 ,an ,an*or ( ! s\l1 bo? sure & /eadfa/4--,heb4 vi4 #ai4 ,b ,) ,/4 ,&rew's cross1 ,be ye also pati5t4--,jam4 v4 #h4 ,c ,) ! cross1 ,take up ?y ,cross daily4--,see ,/4 ,luke1 ix4 #bc4 ,d ,) ! :eat & v9e1 ,d ?is 9 remembrance ( ,,me4--,/4 ,luke1 xxii4 #ai4 ,e ,) ! cross & trefoil1 ,ent] ye 9 at ! /rait gate4--,/4 ,matt4 vii4 #ac4 ,f ,) ! %ield ( fai?1 ,fe> n1 ,i w help !e4--,isa4 xli4 #ac4 ,fai? worke? by ,love4--,see ,gal4 v4 #f4 ,g ,) trefoils1 ,my help come? ( ,,god4--,ps4 vii4 #aa4 ,h ,) lilies ( ! valley1 ,be clo!d ) humility4--#a ,pet4 v4 #e4 ,i ,) monogram1 trefoils1 & cr[n1 ,i am ! ,resurrection & ! ,life4--,/4 ,john1 xi4 #be4 ,i am ) y alway1 ev5 unto ! end ( ! _w4--,/4 ,matt1 xxviii4 #bj4 ,i ,) lily1 cross1 & trefoils1 ,my peace ,i give unto y4--,/4 ,john1 xiv4 #bg4 ,k ,) ! cross & trefoils1 ,?9e eyes %all see ! ,k+ 9 ,8 beauty3 !y %all behold ! ,l& t is v f> (f4--,isa4 xxxiii4 #ag4 ,l ,) lilies ( ! valley 7f\ndation col\r r$71 ,lay hold on ,et]nal ,life4--#a ,tim4 vi4 #ab4 ,l ,) lilies ( ! valley 7f\ndation col\r blue71 ,le>n ( ,,me1 = ,i am ,meek & ,l[ly 9 he>t4--,/4 ,matt4 xi4 #bi4 ,m ,) ! cross & cr[n1 ,my ,peace ,i give unto y4--,/4 ,john1 xiv4 #bg4 ,n ,! ,night is f> sp5t1 ! ,day is at h&4--,rom4 xiii4 #ab4 ,o ,) ! cross1 ,occupy till ,i come4--,/4 ,luke1 xix4 #ac4 ,p ,) dove & lilies1 ,peace ,i leave ) y4--,/4 ,john1 xiv4 #bg4 ,r ,) ! cross1 ,rep5t ye3 = ! ,k+dom ( ,heav5 is at h&4--,/4 ,matt4 iii4 #b4 ,s ,) ! holy dove1 cross1 & lilies ( ! valley1 ,suff] ! little *ildr5 to come unto ,,me4--,/4 ,m>k1 x4 #ad4 ,s ,) ,/4 ,&rew's cross & cr[n1 ,s run t ye may obta94--#a ,cor4 ix4 #bd4 ,t ,) ! triangles & cross1 ,?\ ,,god see/ me4--,g54 xvi4 #ac4 ,v ,) lilies1 ,add to y\r ,fai?1 ,virtue4--#b ,pet4 i4 #e4 ,w#bb ,) trefoils1 ,:at ,i d ?\ kn[e/ n n[2 b ?\ %alt "k h]eaft]4--,/4 ,john1 xiii4 #g4 #bb ,! second half ( ?is lett] =ms ,u4 ,y#bc ,) ! cross1 ,fe$ ,,my ,%eep4--,/4 ,john1 xxi4 #af4 #bc ,?is lett] is giv5 9 r$uc$ size1 be+ mo/ useful toge!r ) ! ,m2 x w be f\nd to correspond 9 height ) ! alphabet ( small lett]s1 :i* are proportion$ to any ( ! =ego+ emblematic capitals1 except+ ! ,g & ,t4 ,! pron\ns ,,my & ,,me1 :5 ref]r+ to ! ,deity1 %\ld always be 9 capitals1 ! second ( :i* may be ( small] dim5sions4 ,conclusion4 ,9 conclusion1 ,i w\ld sugge/ an answ] to a "q sometimes ask$--,:at is ! use ( ^! scrolls8 ,! fir/ mo/ obvi\s reply might be--to place on our walls4 ,! que/ion] p]si/s--,b :y8 ,let y\r answ] be 9 ! s5se ( ^! words3 ,i hope ?us to impress m /rongly on my m9d a p>ticul> promise or comm&m5t conta9$ 9 ! ,holy ,scriptures4 ,i also hope t ! same effect may sometimes be produc$ on ! he>ts ( o!rs1 :o may (t51 c]ta9ly1 h read ^? words be=e1 yet possibly )\t mu* ?\ght2 hav+ !m ?us br\ght sudd5ly & 9 a m>k$ mann] be=e _! eyes1 deep] reflection may be ! pr(itable result4 ,a comm&m5t1 an injunction f ,,god's ,^w1 ?us plac$ be=e me1 may (t51 ,i tru/1 s]ve z a *eck 9 mom5ts ( temptation4 ,a promise ,i "k to be ( ine/imable com=t1 z ! sick & ! dy+ h te/ifi$4 ,no d\bt ! law ( ,,god mu/ be pre-em95tly writt5 9 ! he>t1#bd mu/ abide !re z its *oice/ treasure1--a well ( wat] spr++ up into et]nal life1 n\ri%+ ! s\l at all times2 & we h ! preci\s gift ( ,him ,:o br+e? all ?+s to our remembrance4#be ,yet s long z ,i h eyes ?r\gh :i* ,i may receive holy impressions1 ,i _c--d>e n--despise ! humble/ means t[>ds s good an end4 ,to look ^u a text ( ,scripture1 engrav$ ) fair col\rs & emblematic adornm5ts1 gives me ! same feel+ ( elevat+ happ9ess1 ?r\gh ! organ ( sight1 t a melodi\sly *aunt$ hymn or an!m conveys ?r\gh ! organ ( he>+4 ,! he>+ e>1 & ! see+ eye1 ! ,"l ha? made ev5 bo? ( !m4#bf #bd ,cor4 iii4 #c4 #be ,/4 ,john4 xiv4 #bf4 #bf ,prov4 xx4 #ab4 ,& to ! "y ,i w\ld e>ne/ly say1--*]i% always a feel+ ( rev]5ce on ?is subject ( illum9at+ sacr$ texts4 ,let x be consid]$ n z a trivial1 pass+ amusem5t1 b1 :ile 9 practice1 z a grave & /eady occupation--"o to :i* y are 9 duty b\nd1 if y und]take x at all1 to give y\r v be/ att5tion4 ,no "w ( y\rs--nor ( any human h&--c be wor?y ( ! subject2 9 all humility & s9c]ity keep ?is tru? be=e y4 ,/rive to ent] z fully z possible into ! mean+ ( ! inspir$ words y are del9eat+2 endeav\r e>ne/ly & ) *ild-l simplicity to le>n ! lesson !y w\ld tea*4 ,la/ly1 let y\r "w be z p]fect z y c possibly make x1 & if ! result be pleas+1 r5d] ?anks to ,him :o ha? be/[$ on y ! preci\s tal5t1 & f ,:om all good gifts d come4 ,& s1 ,:atsoev] ye d1 ,,d ,,all ,,to ,,! ,,glory ,,( ,,god4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,transcrib]'s notes ,text 9 italics has be5 und]scor$4 ,cle> pr9t]'s errors 7 correct$1 b orig9al spell+ 0 n modifi$ or h>moniz$4 ,op5 quote on page #ae 7p>agraph />t+ ) ,purple 7violet1 or ame?y/7444 has be5 clos$4