,,views ,,of ,,st4 ,,paul',s ,,cathedral ,london ,,with ,,notes ,,by ,,the ,,rev4 ,,sparrow ,,simpson1 ,d4,d4 ,,photographed ,,published ,,by ,,freeman ,,dovaston ,,ealing1 ,,london ,w4 ,,the ,,western ,,fa,,ade4 ,the first stone of ,s4 ,paul's ,cathedral was laid by ,sir ,christopher ,wren and his ,master-mason on ,june #ba1 #afge2 the last stone of the lantern above the ,dome was laid in #agaj1 by ,mr4 ,christopher ,wren 7who was born a year before the laying of the first stone71 in the presence of ,sir ,christopher 7his father71 ,mr4 ,strong 7the ,master-builder71 and other ,free and ,accepted ,masons4 ,the dimensions of the ,cathedral1 as given in the ,rev4 ,lewis ,gilbertson's excellent ,official ,guide1 are as follows3-- ,the exterior length1 exclusive of the projection of the steps1 #eae feet2 the interior1 #dgi feet2 the width across the ,transepts1 from door to door1 #bej feet2 width across ,nave and ,aisles1 #ajb feet2 and between the stone piers1 #da feet2 the ,western front1 #ahj feet2 the diameter of the octagonal area at the crossing of ,nave and ,transept1 #ajg feet2 the diameter of the drum beneath the ,dome1 #aab feet2 of the ,dome itself1 #ajb feet4 ,the height of the ,central ,aisle1 #hi feet4 ,the total height from the pavement of the ,churchyard to the top of the ,cross1 #cfe feet2 the height of the ,western ,towers1 #bba feet4 ,the entire cost seems to have been about a million pounds4 ,the exquisite ,dome has been justly called the very crown of ,england's architectural glory4 ,as ,mr4 ,fergusson has said1 its dimensions1 the beauty of its details1 the happy outline of the campaniles1 the proportion of these to the faade1 and of all the parts one to another1 make up the most pleasing design of its class that has yet been executed4 ,strype says1 ,this ,cathedral is undoubtedly one of the most magnificent modern buildings in ,europe4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,western ,,fa,,ade4 ,s4 ,,paul',s ,,from ,,the ,,south ,,west4 ,this fine view was taken from the top of the buildings of the ,post ,office ,savings ,bank in ,queen ,victoria ,street3 taken1 fortunately1 before the erection of the large block of warehouses at the south west of the ,churchyard4 ,since these buildings have been completed the lower part of the ,cathedral can no longer be seen from the position just indicated4 ,the exquisite proportions of the ,dome are here displayed to the fullest advantage4 ,illustration3 ,s4 ,,paul',s ,,from ,,the ,,south ,,west4 ,s4 ,,paul',s ,,cathedral1 ,,west ,,front1 ,n4,w4 ,,angle4 ,here is seen a part of the ,western ,faade1 with the noble flight of steps1 the ,north ,portico1 and the ,north ,eastern portion of the ,churchyard4 ,the columns with their capitals and the carving over the window in the lower part of the ,north ,tower1 are well displayed4 ,in ancient times the ,palace of the ,bishops of ,london adjoined this tower4 ,illustration3 ,s4 ,,paul',s ,,cathedral1 ,,west ,,front1 ,n4,w4 ,,angle4 ,,the ,,south ,,transept4 ,the beauty of the ,south ,west ,campanile is well displayed in the present view4 ,to the east of the small entrance door1 which gives access to the geometrical staircase1 is the ,chapel of the ,order of ,st4 ,michael and ,st4 ,george1 at one time used as the ,consistory ,court1 in which ecclesiastical cases relating to the diocese were heard4 ,above the ,chapel are seen the three windows of the ,library4 ,the ,transept itself with its graceful pillars1 its lofty pediment surmounted by colossal figures of the ,apostles1 is a very pleasing composition4 ,perhaps this particular campanile is seen to the best advantage as it is approached from ,cannon ,street on a summer's evening4 ,the effect of the light of the westering sun is singularly charming4 ,it should have been mentioned in the previous note1 had space permitted1 that the ,choir was opened for ,divine ,service on ,december #b1 #afig1 on the ,thanksgiving ,day for the ,peace after the ,treaty of ,ryswick2 the ,morning ,prayer ,chapel being opened a little later4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,south ,,transept4 ,,the ,,western ,,end ,,of ,,the ,,nave4 ,this portion of the ,cathedral is of especial dignity4 ,the great height of the entrance arch1 the massive doors1 the noble space1 the fine view north and south of the lateral ,chapels1 with their carved oak screens1 the broad span of the side arches1 the height of the vaulting and its careful decoration1 combine to make this entrance of the ,cathedral very imposing4 ,if the visitor enters by the great western doors1 he cannot fail to be impressed by the grand view which presents itself1 the fine ,nave1 the broad ,transepts1 the lofty ,reredos1 more than #djj feet distant2 and1 as he paces eastward1 at every step some fresh beauty reveals itself4 ,most impressive of all it is to see1 on the occasion of some great festival1 the vast spaces of ,choir1 ,transepts1 ,dome area1 and ,nave crowded with worshippers1 every seat occupied1 and hundreds of people filling such standing room as remains4 ,in one of the ,annual ,musical ,services a short pause is made for silent prayer1 and the stillness of the great multitude1 after the strains of ,bach's immortal ,passion ,music1 is wonderfully solemn4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,western ,,end ,,of ,,the ,,nave4 ,,the ,,north-,,west ,,chapel4 ,at the western end of the ,north ,aisle of the ,nave is a spacious ,chapel1 used every day for the celebration of the ,holy ,communion at eight o'clock in the morning1 for a short service at mid-day 7at #a4ae71 and for an evening service at eight o'clock4 ,the oak panelling is that originally introduced by ,sir ,christopher ,wren2 the mosaic at the west end commemorates ,archdeacon ,hale1 who died in #ahgj2 the large window on the north is a memorial to ,dean ,mansel1 ,dean of the ,cathedral from #ahfh to #ahga2 the beautiful mosaic in the eastern apse is a more recent addition4 ,the ,chapel was at first called the ,morning ,prayer ,chapel1 and was opened for use on ,february #ast1 #afii1 though the ,cathedral itself was still far from completion4 ,here1 for many years1 ,morning ,prayers were said at an early hour3 in #afii1 at #f o'clock in summer1 and #g o'clock in winter2 at the present time prayers are said at #h o'clock in the ,crypt ,chapel4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,north-,,west ,,chapel4 ,,the ,,tomb ,,of ,,general ,,gordon ,has almost become a place of pilgrimage4 ,his heroic character1 his tragic end1 have deeply touched the hearts of his countrymen1 and1 indeed1 of countless strangers also4 ,the ,tomb is a finely conceived work of ,sir ,edgar ,boehm4 ,on the left is the ,wellington ,monument2 on the right are seen the colours of the #egth and #ggth ,regiments borne by them in the ,crimea4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,tomb ,,of ,,general ,,gordon4 ,,the ,,wellington ,,monument ,is thus described by the ,rev4 ,lewis ,gilbertson in his ,authorized ,guide to ,s4 ,paul's ,cathedral3 ,this is the most important work of ,alfred ,stevens2 by far the finest monument in ,s4 ,paul's1 and by many considered to be the best work of its kind done in ,england in the last three hundred years4 ,it was originally designed to fill the eastern arch of the ,nave on the north side1 and was intended to be surmounted by an equestrian statue of the ,duke2 but the horse was vetoed1 and the monument erected in the old ,consistory ,court4 ,it has now been removed to the middle arch on the north side of the ,nave1 where possibly it may eventually be finished according to the artist's design4 ,the bronze groups at the base of the pediment are especially fine4 ,the subjects are3 ,virtue keeping ,vice beneath its feet1 and ,truth pulling out the tongue of ,falsehood4 ,the actual tomb of the great ,duke is in the ,crypt of the ,cathedral1 a massive sarcophagus wrought from a boulder of porphyry found in ,cornwall1 resting upon a granite base4 ,the simple grandeur of the monument is admirably in keeping with the character of the man whom it commemorates4 ,the mortal remains of ,england's greatest ,general lie close to those of ,england's greatest ,admiral4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,wellington ,,monument4 ,,across ,,the ,,dome ,,to ,,the ,,north ,,transept4 ,immediately facing the spectator is a screen which formerly supported the ,organ1 bearing a copy of the famous inscription to ,wren1 which is also found above his tomb4 ,to the right and left are dimly seen the statues of ,dr4 ,johnson and ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds4 ,the broad area of the ,dome1 seen to the best advantage when crowded with worshippers 7as it is three times every ,sunday1 and on many other occasions also7 is very impressive4 ,illustration3 ,,across ,,the ,,dome ,,to ,,the ,,north ,,transept4 ,,interior ,,of ,,the ,,cathedral ,,from ,,the ,,west4 ,this view exhibits the entire length of the choir1 including the lofty ,reredos4 ,on the right and left are seen the ,choir ,stalls1 ,grinling ,gibbons' famous work1 and the two fine ,organ cases4 ,the fine ,organ1 originally the work of ,father ,smith1 is a masterpiece of ,mr4 ,willis1 whose consummate skill1 aided no doubt by the magnificent building in which the instrument stands1 has found no higher expression than in this finished work4 ,the ,choir ,aisles are entered through iron gates1 of great delicacy and beauty1 the work of ,m4 ,tijou4 ,the marble ,pulpit1 from the design of ,mr4 ,f4 ,c4 ,penrose1 is a memorial to ,captain ,robert ,fitzgerald4 ,illustration3 ,,interior ,,of ,,the ,,cathedral ,,from ,,the ,,west4 ,,the ,,monument ,,to ,,lord ,,nelson4 ,the funeral of ,nelson was a signal day in the annals of ,s4 ,paul's4 ,the ,cathedral opened wide her doors to receive the remains of the great ,admiral1 followed1 it might almost be said1 by the whole nation as mourners4 ,the death of ,nelson in the hour of victory1 of ,nelson whose victories at ,aboukir and ,copenhagen had raised his name above any other in our naval history1 had stirred the ,english heart to its depths1 its depths of pride and sorrow4 ,the manifest result of that splendid victory at ,trafalgar was the annihilation of the fleets of ,france and ,spain1 and1 it might seem1 the absolute conquest of the ocean1 held for many years as a subject province of ,great ,britain4 ,the procession1 first by water1 then by land1 was of course magnificent1 at least as far as prodigal cost could command magnificence4 ,the body was preceded to ,s4 ,paul's by all that was noble and distinguished in the land1 more immediately by all the ,princes of the blood and the ,prince of ,wales4 ,this account is taken from ,dean ,milman's ,annals of ,s4 ,paul's4 ,the ,dean1 then a youth1 was present at the funeral1 and could remember the solemn effect of the sinking of the coffin to its resting place1 and the low wail of the sailors who bore and encircled the remains of their admiral4 ,the monument1 by ,flaxman1 originally stood at the entrance to the ,choir4 ,when the ,choir was extended westward in #ahgj1 it was removed to its present much more favourable position in the ,south ,transept4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,monument ,,to ,,lord ,,nelson4 ,,the ,,nave ,,seen ,,from ,,the ,,western ,,end ,,of ,,the ,,choir4 ,in this view the two portions of the organ are seen4 ,these grand cases formed the eastern and western fronts of the instrument when it stood over the ,choir ,screen2 they exhibit some of ,grinling ,gibbons' finest work4 ,the projecting portion on the north side formerly contained the ,choir ,organ2 the corresponding projection on the south is a copy of the original work4 ,looking westward the ,great ,entrance ,doors are seen1 and above them a large window of ,munich glass1 a memorial to ,mr4 ,thomas ,brown1 a member of the great publishing firm of ,messrs4 ,longman4 ,the main subjects of the window are the conversion of ,s4 ,paul on the ,damascus ,road1 and the restoration of sight to the ,apostle by ,ananias2 right and left of the lower subject are kneeling figures of the donor and his wife4 ,two of the ,mosaics in the pendentives of the ,dome are faintly indicated4 ,the eight pendentives exhibit the four greater ,prophets1 ,isaiah1 ,ezekiel1 ,jeremiah1 ,daniel2 and the four ,evangelists4 ,the work was executed by ,dr4 ,salviati of ,venice4 ,above the ,whispering ,gallery1 beyond the range of the picture1 are carved stone figures of the four great ,doctors of the ,western and of the ,eastern ,church2 for the ,western ,church1 ,,ss4 ,augustine1 ,jerome1 ,gregory the ,great1 ,ambrose2 for the ,eastern1 ,,ss4 ,chrysostom1 ,basil1 ,gregory ,nazianzen1 ,athanasius4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,nave ,,seen ,,from ,,the ,,western ,,end ,,of ,,the ,,choir4 ,,the ,,choir1 ,,looking ,,east4 ,the most prominent object in this view is the stately ,reredos1 the work of ,messrs4 ,bodley ,garner4 ,the following description of it was read by ,mr4 ,garner before the ,s4 ,paul's ,ecclesiological ,society4 ,the design consists of a basement1 against which the altar stands1 with small doorways to give access to the apse behind4 ,over these doors which are of pierced brass1 are angels supporting the crossed swords and keys1 the arms of the diocese1 and emblems of ,s4 ,paul and ,s4 ,peter1 and they are flanked by sculptured festoons of fruit and flowers separated by marble panels4 ,above this is a range of sculptured panels1 with coloured marble backgrounds supporting an open colonnade of semi-circular plan4 ,a large group of sculpture1 a sort of carved picture in bold relief1 occupies the centre1 flanked on each side by twisted columns of rich ,brescia marble1 wreathed with foliage in gilded bronze4 ,these support an entablature and rich pediment4 ,the frieze is of ,rosso ,antico1 bearing the inscription ,sic ,deus dilexit mundum1 ',so ,god loved the ,world1' in bronze letters4 ,the whole is crowned with a central niche and surrounding statues1 at a height of between sixty and seventy feet from the ground4 ,the general idea of the sculptured subjects is to express the ,incarnation and ,life of our ,lord1 beginning with the two figures at the extremities of the colonnade1 which are those of the ,angel ,gabriel and ,s4 ,mary1 and represent the ,annunciation4 ,the panel on the north side is the ,nativity1 the large subject in the centre the ,crucifixion1 with the ,entombment beneath it2 and the group on the south side the ,resurrection4 ,the panels of the pedestals are filled with ,angels bearing instruments of the ,passion4 ,the niche above the pediment is occupied by the figure of ,s4 ,mary with the ,divine ,child in her arms2 the statues of ,s4 ,paul and ,s4 ,peter on either hand4 ,the figure on the summit of the niche is an ideal one of the ,risen ,saviour4 ,the entire ,altar ,screen is executed in white ,parian marble1 with bands and panels of ,rosso ,antico1 ,verdi di ,prato1 and ,brescia marble4 ,the enrichments are generally gilt1 the steps in front of the ,altar are of white marble1 and the pavement of ,rosso ,antico1 ,brescia1 and ,verdi di ,prato4 ,see ,rev4 ,l4 ,gilbertson's ,guide4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,choir1 ,,looking ,,east4 ,,the ,,bishop',s ,,throne4 ,is placed on the south side of the ,choir at the extreme east1 and is occupied by the ,bishop of ,london on great occasions4 ,on ordinary days he sits in the central stall on the same side of the ,choir4 ,the ,throne1 like the stalls1 is the work of ,grinling ,gibbons4 ,thirty of the stalls are set apart for the ,prebendaries of the ,cathedral1 and on each is the name of the ,prebend from which the income of each occupant was anciently derived1 together with the opening words of the ,psalm commencing the portion of the ,psalter which each ,prebendary was bound to recite daily2 the ,psalms being divided into thirty parts1 and the whole ,psalter being thus said every day4 ,to the left1 or east1 of the ,throne1 is seen the extremely beautiful ,grille or ,screen of wrought iron enriched by gilded bronze4 ,the greater part of the ironwork once formed the gates at the western entrance of the ,choir4 ,in the foreground appears a grand bronze ,candelabrum1 an exact copy of that in the ,cathedral of ,s4 ,bavon1 ,ghent4 ,there are four of these ,candelabra at ,ghent1 which are said to have been removed from ,s4 ,paul's ,cathedral4 ,copies of two of these now adorn the ,sanctuary2 one only is seen in the illustration4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,bishop',s ,,throne4 ,,the ,,north ,,aisle ,,of ,,the ,,choir1 ,,looking ,,west4 ,over the back of the ,choir ,stalls1 which are seen on the left of the picture1 rise a few of the pedal pipes of the ,organ1 the largest of which is thirty-two feet in length4 ,through the openwork of ,tijou's beautiful iron gates1 the view extends across the ,dome to the extreme west of the ,cathedral4 ,at the end of the ,north ,aisle of the ,nave a glimpse is obtained of a window 7presented by ,mr4 ,h4 ,f4 ,vernon in #ahfa7 containing a full length figure of ,s4 ,paul4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,north ,,aisle ,,of ,,the ,,choir1 ,,looking ,,west4 ,,the ,,crypt ,,chapel4 ,in this ,chapel ,matins are said at eight o'clock in the morning on all week days throughout the year4 ,in the foreground is the burial place of ,dean ,milman1 marked by a slab with a cross wrought upon its surface4 ,to the west of this1 not shown1 however1 in the view1 is the grave of ,dr4 ,liddon4 ,in the ,aisles to the right and left are seen a few fragments of monuments from the old ,cathedral1 scanty relics1 spared by the great fire of #afff and by the ruthless hand of the destroyer4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,crypt ,,chapel4 ,,the ,,crypt3 ,,nelson',s ,,tomb4 ,the present view represents one of the most picturesque scenes in the ,crypt4 ,here1 surrounded by an arcade1 in the very heart of the ,cathedral1 immediately beneath the centre of the ,dome1 stands the tomb of ,england's greatest naval hero4 ,the ,sarcophagus itself has a strange history4 ,it is usually said to have been designed by ,torregiano as a portion of the memorial of ,wolsey4 ,it lay for centuries neglected in ,wolsey's ,chapel at ,windsor4 ,just at the time of ,nelson's death1 ,george ,,iii4 was preparing to make that chapel a cemetery for his family4 ,it was suggested as fit to encase the coffin of ,nelson4 ,it is a fine work marred in its bold simplicity by a tawdry coronet1 but the master ,italian hand is at once recognised by the instructed eye4 ,so ,dean ,milman writes4 ,recent researches have shown that the ,sarcophagus1 which is of white and black marble1 is the work of ,benedetto da ,rovezzano1 by whom it was commenced in #aebd as part of a stately monument intended by ,cardinal ,wolsey as a magnificent memorial of himself4 ,it appears that ,henry ,,viii4 took possession of the materials prepared for ,wolsey's monument1 and that ,benedetto was commissioned to transform it into a memorial for the king4 ,the sculptor spent upon it eleven years of labour1 but the costly work was never completed4 ,the body of ,nelson rests1 not in the ,sarcophagus1 but beneath it4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,crypt3 ,,nelson',s ,,tomb4 ,,the ,,crypt3 ,,with ,,the ,,tomb ,,of ,,sir ,,christopher ,,wren4 ,near the eastern end of the ,south ,aisle of the ,crypt1 under a very simple tomb1 lie the mortal remains of the great ,architect of the ,cathedral4 ,on a black marble slab1 part of which is seen in the picture1 are the following words3--,here lieth ,sir ,christopher ,wren1 ,kt41 the builder of this ,cathedral ,church of ,s4 ,paul1 c41 who dyed in the year of our ,lord ,,mdccxxiii1 and of his age ,,xci4 ,a singularly modest epitaph for so great a man1 and that1 too1 at a period when fulsome phrases abounded4 ,a little westward of the tomb1 on a tablet affixed to the wall1 are the memorable words1 admirable in their brevity and point3--,lector1 si monumentum requiris1 circumspice4 ,the tomb itself1 including the black marble slab1 is only sixteen-and-a-half inches in height4 ,closely adjoining the tomb1 on its northern side1 are buried two eminent presidents of the ,royal ,academy1 ,sir ,frederick ,leighton and ,sir ,john ,millais2 at the extreme distance are seen1 on the left side the bust of ,sir ,john ,alexander ,macdonald1 late ,premier of the ,dominion of ,canada2 and on the right side1 that of ,sir ,henry ,smith ,park1 ,minister ,plenipotentiary in ,japan and ,china4 ,nearer to the spectator1 on the right1 is the memorial to ,archdeacon ,claughton1 ,bishop of ,colombo1 whilst on the left1 is dimly seen a monumental brass1 commemorating the ,special ,correspondents who fell in the ,campaign in the ,soudan2 opposite to which1 on the right1 is the bust of the painter1 ,james ,barry4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,crypt3 ,,with ,,the ,,tomb ,,of ,,sir ,,christopher ,,wren4 ,,the ,,library4 ,this noble room1 situated at the west end of the ,cathedral1 immediately above the ,chapel of the ,order of ,s4 ,michael and ,s4 ,george1 contains an interesting and important collection of books2 comprising a number of early ,english ,bibles1 a few ritual books1 a large and valuable series of ,sermons preached at ,paul's ,cross or in the ,cathedral2 a few plays acted by the ,children of ,paul's1 some royal and other important autographs1 and over ten thousand printed books1 besides as many separate pamphlets4 ,in the view is seen a model of part of the ,western ,front of the ,cathedral1 once in the possession of ,richard ,jennings1 the ,master-builder of ,s4 ,paul's4 ,in the case on which it stands is the superb large paper copy of ,walton's ,polyglot ,bible 7large paper copies are of great rarity72 an exceedingly fine copy of the ,prayer ,book of #affb1 and of the ,bible of #afdj1 both of which belonged to ,bishop ,compton1 the founder of the ,library1 whose portrait hangs upon its eastern wall4 ,just to the right of this case1 is a cast of an important ,danish ,monumental ,stone1 found in #aheb1 in ,s4 ,paul's ,churchyard3 it bears a ,runic inscription4 ,in the glass case in the middle of the room are exposed to view a considerable number of interesting objects3 copies of episcopal seals1 a facsimile of the tonsure plate once used at ,s4 ,paul's1 a chain with which a book was fastened to the ,library shelves2 some medals connected with the history of the ,cathedral2 and some curious books4 ,the finely carved brackets which support the gallery1 long ascribed to ,grinling ,gibbons1 have been ascertained to be the work of ,jonathan ,maine1 carver1 in #agjh4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,library4 ,of the same ,series1 and ,uniform with this ,book3 ,,st4 ,,bartholomew ,,the ,,great1 ,,smithfield4 ,,westminster ,,abbey4 ,,southwark ,,cathedral4 ,,christ',s ,,hospital 7,,the ,,blue ,,coat ,,school1 since demolished74 ,,london4 ,,famous ,,buildings ,,and ,,street ,,views4 ,price #f;d4 each1 post free #g;d41 from the ,publisher1 ,,freeman ,,dovaston1 ,,ealing1 ,,london1 ,w4 ,transcriber's note3 ,minor typographical errors in the original have been silently corrected4