,/udies 9 ! ,epi/le ( ,james ,fir/ publi%$ z ,,practical ,,& ,,social ,,aspects ,,( ,,*ri/ianity ,a4 ,t4 ,,rob]tson ,late ,pr(essor ( ,new ,te/am5t ,int]pretation1 ,s\!rn ,bapti/ ,!ological ,sem9>y1 ,l\isville1 ,k5tucky ,revis$ & ,edit$ by ,heb] ,f4 ,peacock ,illu/ration3 ,,broadman ,,press ,na%ville1 ,t5nessee #dba-jfbcb ,libr>y ( ,congress catalog c>d numb]3 #ei-ehfa ,pr9t$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica #e4;,,at#eh,k4,s4,p4 ,preface ,9 ,augu/1 #aiab1 x 0 my privilege to deliv] a c\rse ( lectures at ! ,nor?field ,bible ,conf]5ce4 ,!re 7 _m reque/s = ! publication ( ! addresses4 ,i %all nev] =get ! bright faces ( ! hundr$s :o ga!r$ 9 beautiful ,sage ,*apel at #h3cj on ^? ,augu/ morn+s4 ,9 ,augu/1 #aiac1 ! lectures 7 repeat$ at ! ,new ,york ,*autauqua & at ! ,w9ona ,bible ,conf]5ce4 ,!re 7 r5ew$ appeals = publication1 b x 0 n possible to put ! mat]ial into %ape because ( my "w on ,a ,gramm> ( ! ,greek ,new ,te/am5t 9 ! ,light ( ,hi/orical ,rese>*4 ,i h exp&$ ! lectures a good deal & h add$ "s introductory discussion ab\t ,james himself4 ,i h 9 m9d m9i/]s1 social work]s1 /ud5ts ( ! ,bible1 ,sunday s*ool tea*]s1 & all lov]s ( ! ,^w ( ,god & ( rightness ( life4 ,te*nical matt]s are plac$ 9 p>5!ses or 9 footnotes s t ! read] may g on )\t ^! if he c>es to d s4 ,!re is a fre%ness 9 ! ,greek text n possible 9 ! ,engli%1 b ^? :o d n "k ,greek may /ill read ?is book ) entire ease4 ,i d n claim t ^! addresses are a detail$ comm5t>y on ! ,epi/le ( ,james4 ,!y are expository talks bas$1 ,i tru/1 on sob]1 up-to-date s*ol>%ip & appli$ to mod]n life4 ,x is ! old gospel 9 ! new age t we ne$ & mu/ "k h[ to use4 ,!re is a wondr\s *>m 9 ^! words ( ! long ago f "o :o walk$ s close by ! side ( ! ,son ( man1 :o misund]/ood him at fir/ b :o came at la/ to rejoice 9 8 ,bro!r 9 ! fle% z ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,x is imm5sely wor?:ile to li/5 to :at ,james has to say ab\t ,*ri/ianity & ! problems ( ev]yday life4 ,8 words ?rob ) p[] today & /rike a peculi>ly mod]n note 9 ! emphasis ^u social problems & reality 9 religion4 ,!y h ! brea? ( heav5 & ! w>m? ( human sympa?y & love4 ,except = a few quotations f ! ,k+ ,james ,v]sion1 ,scripture quotations foll[ ! ,am]ican ,/&>d ,v]sion4 ,preface to ,second ,edition ,! welcome accord$ ?is int]pretation ( ! ,epi/le ( ,james makes a new edition necess>y4 ,opportunity is ?us af=d$ = we$+ out mispr9ts4 ,pr(4 ,s4 ,l4 ,watson1 ( ,rio de ,janeiro1 ,brazil1 has k9dly v]ifi$ all ! ref]5ces 9 ! book4 ,! words ( ,james /rike a peculi>ly mod]n note dur+ ^! days ( w>4 ,a4 ,t4 ,r4 ,cont5ts ,i4 ,james1 a ,s]vant ( ,god & ( ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ #a ,,ii4 ,to ! ,twelve ,tribes ,:i* ,are ( ! ,disp]sion #bh ,,iii4 ,joy 9 ,trial #cc ,,iv4 ,! ,way ( ,temptation #dh ,v4 ,! ,practice ( ! ,^w ( ,god #fj ,,vi4 ,class ,prejudice #ge ,,vii4 ,! ,appeal to ,life #ia ,,viii4 ,! ,tongues ( ,tea*]s #ajd ,,ix4 ,! ,true ,wise ,man #abd ,x4 ,! ,out] & ! ,inn] ,life #adj ,,xi4 ,god & ,bus9ess #aeh ,,xii4 ,p]sev]ance & ,pray] #agg ,i ,james1 a ,s]vant ( ,god & ( ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ ,! ,bro!r ( ! ,"l ,x w be well to put toge!r ! bits ( in=mation ab\t ,james1 or ,jacob1#a z he is call$ 9 ! ,greek4 ,!y are n v num]\s1 & yet x is possible to =m a reasonably cle> picture ( 8 p]sonality4 ,x is "h assum$ t ,james ! au?or ( ! epi/le is ,james ! bro!r ( ! ,"l 7,gal4 #a3ai74 ,x is h>dly conceivable t ,james ! bro!r ( ,john c\ld h writt5 ! epi/le1 s9ce he 0 put to dea? z e>ly z ,a4,d4 #dd by ,h]od ,agrippa ,i 7,acts #ab3b74 ,! matt]s pres5t$ 9 ! epi/le 7 h>dly acute 9 ! ,jewi% ,*ri/ian _w by t date1 & !re is no evid5ce t ?is ,james _h atta9$ a special position ( lead]%ip t ju/ifi$ a g5]al appeal to ,jewi% ,*ri/ians4#b ,! epi/le belongs to ! five 8disput$0 epi/les 7,james1 ,jude1 #b & #c ,john1 #b ,pet]7 & x circulat$ 9 ! ,ea/ be=e x did 9 ! ,we/4 ,x occurs 9 ! ,pe%itta ,syriac ,v]sion4 ,orig5 79 ,johan4 xix4 #f7 kn[s x z 8! ,epi/le curr5t z t ( ,james0 & ,eusebius 7,h4 ,e4 ,,iii4 xxv4 #c7 describes x ) ! o!r f\r z 8nev]!less well-kn[n to mo/ p40 ,!re are _m pro(s#c t ! epi/le 0 writt5 by ! au?or ( ! spee* 9 ,acts #ae3ac-ba--;delicate simil>ities ( ?\ght & /yle too subtle = m]e imitation or copy+4 ,! same lik5ess appe>s betwe5 ! ,epi/le ( ,james & ! lett] to ,antio*1 probably writt5 also by ,james 7,acts #ae3bc-bi74 ,!re are1 besides1 app>5t rem9isc5ces ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt1 :i* ,james may h he>d p]sonally or at lea/ he>d ! sub/ance ( x4 ,!re is ! same vividness ( imag]y 9 ! epi/le t is s prom95t a *>act]i/ic ( ! tea*+ ( ,jesus4 ,if x be urg$ t ! au?or ( ! epi/le1 if relat$ to ,jesus1 w\ld h said s1 "o may reply t a delicate s5se ( propriety may h _h precisely ! opposite effect4 ,jesus _h himself laid emphasis on ! fact ( 8 spiritual k9%ip ) all believ]s z m important 7,matt4 #ab3dh-ej74 ,! fact t ,james dur+ ! m9i/ry ( ,jesus 0 n sympa!tic ) ,8 "w w\ld also act z a re/ra9+ =ce ^u him4 ,! bro!r ( ,jesus 7see also ,jude #a7 naturally w\ld wi% to make 8 appeal on ! same plane z ! o!r tea*]s ( ! gospel4 ,he rejoices 9 ! title ( 8s]vant ( ,god & ( ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/10 j z ,paul did lat] 7,rom4 #a3a2 ,phil4 #a3a2 ,titus #a3a7 & z ,jude1 ! bro!r ( ,james1 did 7,jude #a74 ,paul1 h[ev]1 add$ ! t]m 8apo/le0 9 ,romans #a3a & ,titus #a3a :i* ,james & ,jude d n employ4 ,none ( !m 7 memb]s ( ! twelve1 al?\gh ,paul claim$ apo/le%ip on a p> ) ! twelve 7#a ,cor4 #i3a f42 #ae3h2 #b ,cor4 #ab3aa f474 ,& yet ,paul implies 7,gal4 #a3ai7 t ,james also is an apo/le#d 9 a true s5se ( t t]m4 ,l ,paul1 he _h se5 ! ris5 ,"l 7#a ,cor4 #ae3g74 ,b ,james1 ?\gh "o ( ! pill>s at ,j]usalem ) ,pet] & ,john 7,gal4 #b3i71 is cont5t ) ! humbl] ^w 8slave40 ,he is ! bondsman ( ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ z well z ( ,god & s is a ,*ri/ian 9 ! full s5se ( ! t]m4 ,he places ,jesus on a p> ) ,god & uses ,*ri/ z a "p ( ! "n4 ,he id5tifies 8 bro!r ,jesus ) ! ,messiah ( ! ,old ,te/am5t & ! fulfilm5t ( ! hopes & aspirations ( true ,judaism4 ,"o mu/ p]ceive t ! t]m 8,*ri/0 9 ! m\? ( ,james c>ries its full cont5t & is us$ delib]ately4 ,he adds also 8,"l10 :i* has "h ! ,old ,te/am5t connotation ( wor%ip4 ,x is n a m]e polite t]m = /ation or c\rtesy4 ,! use ( 8,"l0 by ! side ( 8,god0 places ,james unque/ionably 9 ! ranks ( wor%ip]s ( ,jesus ,*ri/ z ,"l & ,savi\r4 ,see also ,james #b3a1 8fai? ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/40 ,i consid] x settl$ t ,james 0 n ! c\s9 ( ,jesus1 ! son ( ! si/] ( ,m>y ! "m ( ,jesus4 ,!re is no d\bt t ! ,greek ^w = bro!r is us$ = memb]s ( a bro!rhood 9 ! curr5t ,greek ( ! fir/ c5tury ,a4,d41 j z we f9d x s frequ5tly 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,?is usage does n apply to ! bro!rs ( ,jesus ref]r$ to 9 ! ,gospels 7,john #b3ab2 ,m>k #f3c2 ,matt4 #ac3ee2 ,john #g3c74 ,9 ,mat!w #ab3df1 #di we f9d bo? ! lit]al & ! figurative use ( 8bro!r0 side by side4 ,9 ?is loos] s5se anyone may be call$ 8bro!r40 ,9 ,leviticus #aj3d ! fir/ c\s9s ( ,a>on are t]m$ 8bre?r510 b ?is in/ance does n ju/ify ! con/ant use ( ! ^w 9 ! ,gospels = a def9ite gr\p ( p]sons z bro!rs ( ,jesus if !y 7 only c\s9s4 ,besides1 !y appe> con/antly ) ,m>y1 ! "m ( ,jesus1 z memb]s ( h] family4 ,! use ( 8si/]s0 increases ! argum5t = ! common use ( ! ^w 7,m>k #f3c2 ,matt4 #ac3ef74 ,!re are _m o!r difficulties 9 ! way ( ?is position1 su* z ! fact ( two si/]s ) ! "n ( ,m>y & ! id5tification ( ,alphaeus & ,clopas4 ,! !ory t ,james & ! o!r bro!rs & si/]s 7 all *ildr5 ( ,joseph by a =m] m>riage 7/ep-bro!r !ory7 is free f ! difficulty ab\t ! ^w 8bro!r0 & is n inconceivable 9 itself4 ,un=tunately !re are critical objections to x1 = ,jesus is n call$ 8only begott50 ( ,m>y b 8fir/born0 9 ,luke #b3g3 8,%e br\ght =? h] fir/born son40 ,jesus is 8only begott50 ( ,god 7,john #a3ah71 z ! wid[ ( ,na9 _h an only son 7,luke #g3ab7 & ,jairus an only daught] 7,luke #h3db74 ,b 8fir/born0 occurs 9 ! true s5se all ?r\gh ! ,septuag9t 7cf4 ,g54 #bg3ai1 #cb2 #dc3cc2 ,deut4 #ba3ae71 :]e !re 7 o!r *ildr54 ,! inscriptions %[ x 9 ! true s5se4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t in/ances ( 8fir/born0 are all /rictly correct f ?is /&po9t1 ev5 ,colossians #a3ae & ,romans #h3bi4 8,fir/born0 implies o!r *ildr54 ,besides1 ! natural mean+ ( ,mat!w #a3be leads to ! same conclusion4 ,! !ory 7bro!r or half-bro!r !ory7 t ,jesus & ,james 7 sons ( ! same "m1 ,m>y1 may be said to hold ! field aga9/ ! o!rs4 ,9 fact1 x is mo/ likely t bo? ( ! o!r !ories grew out ( ! desire to secure a great] imag9>y sanctity = ,m>y "u ! impression t %e 0 m holy if %e bore only ,jesus & did n live z wife ) ,joseph4 ,b ?is is contr>y to all ,jewi% s5tim5t1 & c]ta9ly !re is no?+ 9 ! ,gospels to c\nt5ance ?is notion b mu* to contradict x4 ,we conclude1 !re=e1 t ,james1 ! au?or ( ! epi/le1 is ! bro!r ( ,jesus4 ,9 ! ,family ,circle at ,naz>e? ,9 spite ( ,orig5's op9ion 7,orig5 on ,matt4 #ac3ee7 t ! sons & daught]s ( ,joseph 7 *ildr5 ( a =m] m>riage1 an op9ion m ?an (fset by ! position ( ,t]tullian 7de ,monog4 #h1 de ,virg4 ,vel4 #f71 we mu/ ?9k ( ! family circle at ,naz>e? z compos$ ( five bro!rs 7,jesus1 ,james1 ,joses1 ,judas1 ,simon1 z 9 ,m>k #f3c1 b ,jesus1 ,james1 ,joseph1 ,simon1 ,judas 9 ,matt4 #ac3ee7 & ! 8si/]s40 ,e implication is t !y all pass$ z sons & daught]s ( ,joseph & ,m>y 9 ! usual s5se4 ,! ord] implies also t :ile ,jesus 0 ! elde/1 ,james came next among ! bro!rs4 ,un=tunately1 ! names ( ! si/]s are n giv54 ,we are to ?9k1 !re=e1 ( a l>ge home circle 9 ! humble c>p5t]'s h\se 9 ,naz>e?4 ,jesus1 ! elde/1 foll[$ ! trade ( ,joseph1 ! fa!r ( ! family1 & came to be kn[n z 8! c>p5t]0 7,m>k #f3c74 ,c]ta9ly all ! *ildr5 mu/ h le>n$ to "w ) _! h&s1 al?\gh we d n "k :e!r ,james adopt$ t trade or "s o!r4 ,he w\ld soon be call$ ^u to help 9 ! support ( ! family1 z ,joseph seems to be dead :5 ,jesus ent]s ^u 8 m9i/ry2 he is n m5tion$ ) ,m>y & ! *ildr5 9 ,mat!w #ac3ee & ,m>k #f3c4 ,joseph 0 probably old] ?an ,m>y4 ,! family 7 n peasants1 & !y probably _h all ! necess>y com=ts ( ! simple primitive life ( a workman 9 a small t[n 9 ,galilee4 ,jewi% boys usually />t$ to s*ool :5 six ye>s old1 b be=e t ! education ( ,james _h begun 9 ! home4 8,james1 toge!r ) 8 bro!rs & si/]s1 0 br\ght up 9 an atmosph]e *>g$ ) rev]5ce = ,god & love = man1 ) t5d]ness1 fre$om1 & joy40#e ,! ,jewi% p>5ts did n %irk p>5tal responsibility = ! religi\s tra9+ ( ! *ildr51 & a l>ge family 0 reg>d$ z a bless+ f ,god4 ,! love ( ,god 0 ! fir/ ( all lessons taught at home1 & ?is 0 foll[$ by ! simple elem5ts ( tru?1 uprightness1 m]cy1 & b5efic5ce4#f ,! ,jewi% "m rejoic$ 9 h] *ildr51 & ,james 0 =tunate 9 hav+ su* a "m z ,m>y & su* a fa!r z ,joseph1 ^: d$ication to ! ?+s ( _! ,god 0 s9c]e4 ,at s*ool1 :ile religion 0 ! ma9 !me & portions ( ! ,old ,te/am5t ! textbook1 !re 0 abundant intellectual /imulus4 ,! quick-witt$ boy w\ld be all alive to ! great problems ( fai? & duty4 ,! tea*] w\ld probably use ! ,aramaic dialect ( ,galilee1 ev5 if he _h ! ,old ,te/am5t 9 ,hebrew4 ,b ! boy w\ld soon le>n to speak ! ,ko9e also1 ! curr5t ,greek ( ! _w1 ! language ( comm]ce & ( common int]c\rse ev]y:]e4 ,simon ,pet]1 ! fi%]man1 knew & us$ ,greek1 z did ,john1 ! apo/le4 ,x 0 common = p to "k two languages4 ,paul probably knew ,aramaic & ,hebrew1 ,greek & ,lat94 ,jesus knew & spoke bo? ,aramaic & ,greek & probably knew ,hebrew also4 ,james came to write ,greek ) a great deal ( ease & skill4 ,he 0 9 no s5se a littrateur4 ,he 0 no ,attici/ 9 8 /yle & did n try to imitate ! classical ,greek writ]s1 :om he probably nev] read4 ,deissmann#g does call ! ,epi/le ( ,james 8a little piece ( lit]ature10 b he means a product ( popul> lit]ature4 ,c]ta9ly !re is no?+ artificial 9 cont5t & /yle4 ,is x m]e fancy to ?9k t ! same poetic beauty %[n 9 ,m>y's ,magnificat 7,luke #a3df-ee7 appe>s 9 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt & 9 ! ,epi/le ( ,james8 ,at lea/ ! ri* acqua9tance ) ! ,old ,te/am5t exi/s 9 all ?ree4 ,! au?or ( ! epi/le is gift$ ) imag9ation & %[s k ( ! apocryphal books1 especially ! wisdom lit]ature ( ! ,jews4 ,b he is a ?or\gh ,jew 9 8 outlook & lit]>y me?od1#h s mu* s inde$ t x is cont5d$ by "s t ,james wrote ! epi/le orig9ally 9 ,aramaic1#i an unlikely supposition4 ,! widespread diffusion ( ,greek 9 ,pale/9e amply acc\nts = ! au?or's grasp ( ! language4#aj ,! epigrammatic & picturesque /yle is due to ! writ]'s individuality1 8 environm5t1 & 8 read+4 ,8 vocabul>y is ri* 9 words ab\t fi%+1 husb&ry1 & dome/ic life1 z "o w\ld expect4#aa ,a man ( ! =ce & position ( ,james c\ld easily broad5 8 acqua9tance ) ! ,greek tongue z ! ye>s w5t by4 ,! ,greek is pure ,ko9e1 ) few ,hebraisms1 ?\gh ! tone is di/9ctly t ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4#ab ,he speaks l a prophet ( old 9 ! s]vice ( ,*ri/4 ,!re is no d\bt t ,james came to be a man ( culture 9 a real s5se4 ,he probably m>ri$ e>ly1 z x 0 ! cu/om ( ! ,jews = m5 to m>ry at ! age ( eighte54#ac ,paul expressly /ates t ! bro!rs ( ! ,"l 7 m>ri$ 7#a ,cor4 #i3e74 ,we d n "k1 ( c\rse1 ! age ( ,james :5 ,jesus began 8 m9i/ry4 ,9 all probability he _h already m>ri$ & _h a home ( 8 own 9 ,naz>e?4 ,! si/]s probably m>ri$ & settl$ 9 ,naz>e? also 7,m>k #f3c74 ,we h no m5tion ( ! re/ ( ! *ildr5 go+ to ,j]usalem :5 ! boy ,jesus 0 tak5 7,luke #b3da-eb74 ,inde$1 x is r impli$ t !y 7 n 9 ! company1 b ?is does n mean t ,james did n h 8 turn to g at ! age ( twelve & aft]w>d4 ,!re is no reason to believe t ,james grew up to be a ,naz>ite1 z ,hegesippus quot$ by ,eusebius 7,h4 ,e4 ii4 #bc7 alleges3 8,he is di/+ui%$ f o!rs ( ! same "n by ! title #8,j1' :i* has be5 appli$ to him f ! fir/4 ,he 0 holy f 8 "m's womb1 drank no w9e or /rong dr9k1 nor ate animal food2 no razor came on 8 head1 nor did he ano9t himself ) oil nor use ! ba?4 ,to him only 0 x p]mitt$ to ent] ! ,holy ( ,holies40 ,! evid5t leg5d>y details "h deprive ! /atem5t ( real value except z witness to 8 g5u9e piety & to ! e/eem 9 :i* he 0 held by ! p g5]ally4 ,hegesippus adds3 8,8 knees became h>d l a camel's1 because he 0 always kneel+ 9 ! temple1 ask+ =giv5ess = ! p10 a description ( 8 life 9 ,j]usalem aft] he became a ,*ri/ian4 ,at any rate1 l ,joseph 8 fa!r1 he grew up to be a j man & came to be kn[n z ,james ! ,j4 ,a ,sc(f] ( ,jesus ,we are left to conjecture :at ! bro!rs & si/]s ( ,jesus ?\ght :5 he w5t d[n to ! ,jordan to meet ! ,bapti/4 ,we "k t 8,m>y kept all ^! say+s1 pond]+ !m 9 h] he>t0 7,luke #b3ai74 ,m>y _h se5 ! dawn+ messianic consci\sness :5 ,jesus 0 only twelve 7,luke #b3di74 ,! reply ( ,jesus to 8 "m's h9t ab\t ! w9e at ! w$d+ ( ,cana implies t !y _h talk$ ov] 8 messianic task 7,john #b3d74 ,b ! bro!rs accompani$ ,jesus1 8 "m1 & ! small b& ( six disciples to ,cap]naum aft] ! miracle at ,cana1 & ! gr\p rema9$ toge!r = "s days 7,john #b3ab74 ,!y may h met at ,naz>e? aft] ! w$d+ at ,cana & !nce proce$$ to ,cap]naum4 ,x is possible t ! bro!rs1 n be+ at ,cana & n kn[+ ! secret betwe5 ,jesus & ,m>y1 may n h grasp$ ! significance ( ! ev5ts connect$ ) ! baptism ( ,jesus & 8 entrance ^u 8 messianic c>e]4 ,! pres5ce ( ! b& ( 8disciples0 7le>n]s at ! feet ( ! new ,rabbi7 argues t ! bro!rs mu/ h kn[n some?+ ab\t ! wond]ful claims ( ,jesus1 _! bro!r4 ,at any rate1 x is pleasant to see !m all "h toge!r 9 ,cap]naum 9 fell[%ip & fri5dl9ess1 8a pro( ( ! clos5ess ( ! ties unit+ our ,"l & !m4 ,no %ad[ ( e/rangem5t _h z yet fall5 ^u _! relations40#ad ,godet ?9ks t ,m>y & ! bro!rs came on to ,cap]naum1 eag] = m miracles l ! "o at ,cana1 & may h be5 ke5ly disappo9t$ because ,jesus wr\ght none4 ,?is is possible b h>dly z probable z ! idea t x 0 a fri5dly gr\p 9 frank fell[%ip 9 ,cap]naum4 ,we are left 9 ! d>k z to ! real attitude ( ! bro!rs ( ,jesus :5 he began 8 great "w4 ,!y may h look$ ^u him z a sort ( irregul> rabbi or a mild en?usia/ c>ri$ away by ! new tea*+ ( ,john ! ,bapti/4 ,!re w\ld be natural pride 9 8 "w :ile x succe$$1 )\t necess>y belief 9 8 claims4 ,c]ta9ly ,m>y mu/ h _h at fir/ ! utmo/ fai?1 tremul\s ) expectation1 9 ! messiah%ip ( ,jesus4 ,p]haps ! bro!rs 7 at fir/ only mildly int]e/$ or ev5 skeptical ( ! qualifications ( "o out ( _! own family circle4 ,! bro!rs may n h be5 free f ! jeal\sy sometimes se5 9 home life4 ,x 0 n long be=e ho/ility t[>d ,jesus sprang up 9 ,naz>e? itself1 accord+ to ! vivid n>rative 9 ,luke #d3af-ca2 x probably 0 soon aft] ! return ( ,jesus f ,judea & ,sam>ia to ,galilee1 c]ta9ly aft] ! miracle at ,cap]naum 7,luke #d3bc71 z told 9 ,john #d3df-ed4 ,james may h %>$ ) ! re/ ! fir/ wond] at ! words ( grace 7,luke #d3bb7 & ! quick fla% ( wra? z ! pride ( ! t[n 0 prick$ 7,luke #d3bh74 ,h5ce=? 9 ,naz>e?1 despite 8 gr[+ fame else:]e1 ,jesus 0 p]sona non grata4 ,8 bro!rs felt ?is atmosph]e ( ho/ility v ke5ly4 ,! curta9 falls on ! family life 9 ,naz>e? till t[>d ! close ( ! ,galilean m9i/ry1 aft] ! second g5]al t\r ( ,galilee by ,jesus 7,luke #h3a-c74 ,! trem5d\s "w ( ,jesus _h creat$ a wond]ful impression4 ,! multitudes 9 amazem5t ask$ if ,jesus 7 n ! son ( ,david1 ! ,messiah 7,matt4 #ab3bc74 ,! ,ph>isees 9 ang] & *agr9 repli$ t he 0 9 league ) ,beelzebub 7,matt4 #ab3bd74 ,! excitem5t 0 int5se4 ,jesus c\ld n eat 7,m>k #c3bj74 ,news ( all ?is came to 88 fri5ds0 7,m>k #c3ba71 :o are expla9$ 9 ,m>k #c3ca z 88 "m & 8 bro!rs40 ,probably already vague rumors 7 afloat t ,jesus 0 out ( 8 head4 ,once p said ( ,jesus t he 0 8a glutton\s man1 & a w9ebibb]0 7,luke #g3cd71 b n[ he is s que]6 ,9 ! inn] circle at ,naz>e? ,m>y _h wat*$ & he>d x all4 ,:at c\ld x mean8 ,p]haps1 ,m>y argu$1 8 reason has be5 tempor>ily de?ron$ by ! /ra9 & ! excitem5t4 ,%e w g & br+ him home :]e he c h quiet & re/4 ,x 0 easi] = ! bro!rs to see x s1 s9ce !y _h n accept$ him z ,messiah4 ,p]haps "o may h said1 8,i told y s40 ,at any rate1 8!y w5t out to lay hold on him3 = !y said1 ,he is beside himself0 7,m>k #c3ba74 ,jesus is 9 a cr[d$ h\se 9 ,galilee ne> ! lake :5 !y come 7,m>k #c3ai7 & readily und]/&s :y !y h come :5 he is told t 8 "m & bro!rs are /&+ )\t & wi% to speak ) him 7,m>k #c3ca2 ,matt4 #ab3df2 ,luke #h3ai f474 ,x is a trag$y ( life1 pa!tic beyond words4 ,! ecclesia/ics h long ago made issue ) him & are n[ viol5tly assail+ him4 ,_m ( ! p are foll[+ ! lead ( ! ,ph>isees4 ,& n[ 8 own "m & bro!rs h come & wi% to take him home s z to avoid ! sc&al & %ame ( 8 fur!r public m9i/ry4 ,! ,ph>isees say he has a demon & is 9 league ) ! devil4 ,! 8*>itable0 con/ruction1 !re=e1 is t he is a lunatic4 ,b ,jesus does n g out to meet 8 own "m & bro!rs 7,james among !m74 ,he _h come to "k "o ( ! bitt]e/ ( human sorr[s1 a pang to ! v he>t--to be misund]/ood 8among 8 own k91 & 9 8 own h\se0 7,m>k #f3d74 ,x is n surpris+1 !re=e1 t ,jesus f\nd consolation 9 ! fact t _m did und]/& him4 8,& look+ r\nd on !m t sat r\nd ab\t him0 7,m>k #c3cd7 :5 ! message came1 8he /ret*$ =? 8 h& t[>ds 8 disciples1 & said1 ,behold1 my "m & my bre?r56 ,= :osoev] %all d ! w ( my ,fa!r :o is 9 heav51 he is my bro!r1 & si/]1 & "m0 7,matt4 #ab3di f474 ,"m & bro!rs & ev5 8 8si/]s0 7note 8& si/]07 _h fail$ 9 ! crisis to compreh5d ,jesus4 ,b ! ,fa!r 9 heav5 _h n veil$ 8 face f ,jesus4 ,x is n cle> t ,james he>d ?is pa!tic rebuke f ,jesus1 z he may h rema9$ /&+ outside ! h\se4 ,_m h come into spiritual fell[%ip ) ,jesus :o ?us h ! peculi> privilege ( tak+ ! place made empty 9 8 he>t = ! "t by "m & si/] & bro!r4 ,) ,m>y x 0 a tempor>y eclipse1 & %e 0 loyal at ! end z %e /ood by ! cross 7,john #ai3be74 ,jesus made ano!r & a la/ visit to ,naz>e? 7,matt4 #ac3ed-eh2 ,m>k #f3a-f74 ,!re 0 a revival ( int]e/ 9 him :i* cry/alliz$ into h>d skepticism1 s t ,jesus 8did n _m mighty works !re10 & ev5 8m>vell$ because ( _! unbelief40 ,he 0 a 8prophet )\t honor0 9 ,naz>e? z he left = ! la/ "t ! city ( 8 *ildhood & e>ly manhood4 ,! tide at la/ turn$ aga9/ ,jesus 9 ,cap]naum 7,john #f3bb-ga7 & 9 ,galilee g5]ally4 ,= six mon?s he rema9$ away1 save = a brief visit t met ) ! unit$ ho/ility ( ,ph>isee & ,sadducee 7,matt4 #ae3ci to #af3d2 ,m>k #h3aj-ac74 ,! bro!rs ( ,jesus mean:ile seem$ to gr[ 9 ?is _s ( dislike t[>d ! eld] bro!r4 ,six mon?s be=e ! dea? ( ,jesus !y ridicul$ him = 8 be+ a virtual refugee f ,galilee & = 8 secretive me?ods1 q inconsi/5t ) 8 claims ( messiah%ip 7,john #g3b-e74 ,james z ! olde/ ( ! bro!rs 0 probably ! spokesman on ?is occasion4 ,! 8advice0 0 ( an extremely irritat+ nature1 ) ! implication t ,jesus 0 seek+ to ga9 cr$it 89 public0 :ile do+ 8 "w 89 secret40 ,x is n surpris+1 !re=e1 t ,jesus did precisely ! opposite1 = he w5t up to ,j]usalem1 8n publicly1 b z x 7 9 secret0 7,john #g3aj74 ,john expla9s ! motive ( ! bro!rs 7#g3d f471 8= ev5 8 bre?r5 did n believe on him40#ae ,!y _h rea*$ ! po9t :5 !y 7 will+ to attack ,jesus4 ,!y belong$ to ! _w & did n und]/& ,jesus 7,john #g3f f474 ,x is n necess>y to say t ,james 0 actually a ,ph>isee1 /ill less an ,ess5e4 ,! use made ( 8 "n by ! ,judaiz]s 9 ! controv]sy ) ,paul does n prove ?is to be true 7,gal4 #b3ab74 ,b c]ta9ly he 0 n[ 9 g5]al sympa?y ) ! ho/ile attitude ( ! ecclesia/ics f ,j]usalem 7bo? ,ph>isee & ,sadducee74 ,! cup t ,jesus mu/ dr9k at ,j]usalem has ?is add$ bitt]ness 9 x4 ,x is n p>ticul>ly surpris+1 :5 all ?+s are consid]$1 t at 8 dea? ,jesus comm5d$ 8 "m to ,john1 ! belov$ disciple1 r ?an to any ( 8 bro!rs or si/]s4 ,!y 7 all completely out ( sympa?y ) him & ) h]4 ,at su* an h\r sympa?y c\nt$ f> m ?an blood relation%ip alone4 ,besides1 ! bro!rs may n h be5 9 ,j]usalem at ?is "t1 = !y /ill liv$ 9 ,naz>e?4 ,x is possible1 ( c\rse1 t ,james may h be5 at ! ,passov]1 :i* 0 s g5]ally att5d$ by ! ,jews4 ,c]ta9ly he 0 at ,p5teco/ lat] 7,acts #a3ad74 ,we d n "k :e!r ,jesus appe>$ to ,james 9 ,j]usalem or 9 ,galilee 7#a ,cor4 #ae3g71 ?\gh ,paul m5tions x aft] ! appe>ance to ! m ?an five hundr$1 :i* 0 9 ,galilee4 ,m>y ne$$ imm$iate att5tion1 & ,jesus di$ ^u ! cross ) ,james & all 8 bro!rs & si/]s utt]ly out ( t\* ) him4 8,d\btless _! v intimacy ) our ,"l bl9d$ !m to 8 real greatness40#af ,see+ ! ,ris5 ,*ri/ ,x is ,paul :o tells u ( ?is mo/ int]e/+ ev5t 7#a ,cor4 #ae3g74ag ,z already /at$1 we d n "k :]e ,james 0 :5 ! ris5 ,jesus manife/$ himself to him4 ,broadus#ah locates ! ev5t 9 ,j]usalem aft] ! return f ,galilee & be=e ! asc5sion4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 x c\ld h be5 9 ,galilee p]fectly well4 ,james may h come to ,j]usalem 7,acts #a3ad7 because he _h be5 conv]t$ 9 ,galilee4 ,at any rate1 8?is appe>ance to ,james is ! only "o n made to a kn[n believ]40#ai ,b ,dale#bj holds t ,james _h already be5 conv]t$ be=e 8 ,bro!r appe>$ to him z a result ( in=mation f 8 "m or f ! apo/les4 ,?is is1 ( c\rse1 possible1 b x _c be insi/$ on z necess>y on ! gr\nd t ,jesus appe>$ to believ]s only4 ,! case ( ,saul refutes t position4 ,x is q possible t ,james may h he>d ( ! report ( ! resurrection ( ,jesus & _h ?us "s prep>ation = ! great ev5t :5 he saw ,jesus ris5 f ! dead4 ,we are told no?+ ( :at pass$ betwe5 ! two bro!rs1 b "o may be sure t no h>% repro( came f ,jesus = ! indiff]5ce & ev5 sc(f+ ( ,james4 ,! bro!rs ( ,jesus 7 *ildr5 ( _! age1 :i* 0 a ph>isaic age 9 ,pale/9e4 ,! curr5t expectation 0 = a political ,messiah1 n a ,savi\r dy+ = ! s9s ( ! _w4 ,ev5 ! twelve apo/les _h n ris5 to ! conception ( a spiritual ,messiah1 & !y _h giv5 up all hope ^u ! dea? ( ,jesus & _h to be conv9c$ !mselves ( ! fact ( ! resurrection ( ,jesus1 a task ( mu* difficulty1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! case ( ,?omas1 ?\gh !y all at fir/ sc(f$ at ! /ories ( ,m>y ,magdal5e & ! o!r wom54 ,s1 !n1 ! pa? ( ,james t[>d fai? 0 n an easy "o1 b he took x & came out boldly on ! side ( ! disciples ( ,*ri/4 ,x is m ?an likely t x 0 ?r\gh ,james t ! o!r ?ree bro!rs 7 l$ to fai? 9 ,jesus z ,"l & ,savi\r 7,acts #a3ad74 ,! ,gospel ( ! ,hebrews z quot$ by ,j]ome 7de ,viris ,illu/ribus #b7 gives a /ory to ! effect t ,james 0 already a disciple & pres5t at ! la/ ,passov] ) ,jesus & took a v[ 8t he w\ld n eat bread f t h\r on :i* he _h drunk ! cup ( ! ,"l till he saw him ris5 f ! dead4 ,aga91 a little aft]w>d1 ! ,"l says1 ,br+ a table & bread4 ,imm$iately x is add$3 ,he took bread1 & bless$1 & brake x1 & gave x to ,james ! ,j1 & said to him1 ,my bro!r1 eat ! bread2 = ! ,son ( ,man has ris5 f ! dead40 ,mayor#ba is incl9$ to cr$it ?is /ory 9 "p1 b surely x utt]ly misund]/&s ,luke #bb3ah1 makes ,james "o ( ! twelve1 & is impossible f any po9t ( view1 s9ce n ev5 ! twelve expect$ ,jesus to rise f ! dead4 ,!re are difficulties en\gh connect$ ) ! pro( ( ! resurrection ( ,jesus )\t burd5+ ! n>rative ) ?is /ory4 ,b1 let me add1 mod]n sci5ce has n made fai? 9 ! resurrection ( ,jesus impossible1 nor has mod]n rese>* dispos$ ( ! value ( ! ,gospel acc\nts ( ?is trem5d\s ev5t4 ,paul1 :o te/ifies to ?is exp]i5ce ( ,james1 is himself ! *ief witness to ! reality ( ! fact4 ,?is is n ! place to ent] ^u a discussion ( ?is great "q1 b mod]n m5 may & d /ill believe 9 ! ris5 ,*ri/ ) all simplicity & s9c]ity4#bb ,9 ! ,upp] ,room at ,p5teco/ ,! simple /atem5t 9 ,acts #a3ad is3 8,^! all 444 cont9u$ /$fa/ly 9 pray]1 ) ! wom51 & ,m>y ! "m ( ,jesus1 & ) 8 bre?r540 ,s !n all f\r are n[ disciples & are admitt$ to ! inmo/ secrets ( ! circle ( believ]s 9 ,j]usalem1 :i!r !y h n[ come4 ,c]ta9ly1 n[ t !y h all come to believe 9 _! ,bro!r z 9 reality ! ,messiah ( ,israel ris5 f ! dead1 !y mu/ come to ,j]usalem to be ) _! "m 9 h] h\r ( triumph & joy4 ,no "o b a "m c und]/& ! fulness ( satisfaction 9 ,m>y's he>t n[4 ,! sword _h pi]c$ h] own s\l 7,luke #b3ce71 z old ,simeon _h prophesi$ :5 he saw ! ,babe 9 ! ,temple1 b n[ ! w\nd has be5 heal$ & !re is a new & ri*] ,magnificat 9 h] he>t4 ,x 0 wor? all t %e _h endur$ to wait ) ! disciples & h] o!r sons 9 ! upp] room = ! ,promise ( ! ,fa!r4 ,! brea* 9 h] family life _h be5 heal$4 ,x is cle> t ! he>tie/ ( welcomes greet$ ! bro!rs ( ,jesus4 ,!y 7 m5 ( importance 9 !mselves1 ,james 9 p>ticul>1 :o f e /&po9t is "o ( ! fir/ m5 ( 8 day4 ,x is possible t ! coolness ( ,james & ! o!r bro!rs _h injur$ ! "w ( ,jesus ) a good _m1 :o us$ ?is fact aga9/ ! claims ( ,jesus4 ,n[ ! accession ( ^! bro!rs 0 ( ! utmo/ value to ! b& ( believ]s ga!r$ 9 ! upp] room1 :]e ,jesus _h manife/$ himself be=e 8 asc5sion4 ,! pres5ce ( ! bro!rs is m5tion$ by ,luke be=e ! *oice ( ,mat?ias to succe$ ,judas4 ,"o may naturally wond] :y ,james 0 n sugge/$ by ,pet]1 s9ce he und\bt$ly 0 equal to ! elev5 9 ability & all o!r qualities save "o4 ,b ?is "o defect 0 fatal4 ,he _h n be5 ) ! twelve dur+ ! m9i/ry ( ,jesus & s c\ld n be a fir/h& witness to 8 words & tea*+s 7,acts #a3bb74 ,o!rwise1 we may inf] t ,james w\ld h be5 a welcome addition to ! twelve 9 ! place ( ,judas4#bc ,b ! significant fact is t ,james is pres5t dur+ ! wond]ful days ( ?is ,p5teco/ & is fill$1 l ! re/1 ) ! ,holy ,_s4 ,he ent]s ^u ! new task ( _w evangelization ) ! new insight & ! new influx ( div9e p[]4 ,he faces ! new day ) ! light ( ! sun 9 8 face4 ,lead]%ip 9 ! ,j]usalem ,*ur* ,if he 0 disqualifi$ f be+ "o ( ! twelve1 he 0 n deb>r$ f lib]ty to s]ve4 ,9 fact1 he 0 a practical apo/le 9 ,j]usalem along ) ! re/4 ,! twelve kept no secrets f ,james4 ,he gradually won 8 way to ! love & confid5ce ( all ! great *ur* 9 ,j]usalem4 ,8 importance 9 ,j]usalem is recogniz$ by ,paul on ! occasion ( 8 visit to ,j]usalem on 8 return f ,damascus1 = he says3 8,o!r ( ! apo/les saw ,i none1 save ,james ! ,"l's bro!r0 7,gal4 #a3ai74 ,"h ,paul treats him z an apo/le & practically calls him s4 ,james _h probably se5 ,paul be=e1 :5 he 0 ! lead] ( ! p]secution aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians4 ,he d\btless 0 glad to see ?is p[]ful addition to ! =ces ( ,*ri/ianity1 b ,james is probably includ$ 9 ,luke's /atem5t ( ! reception ( ,paul on ?is occasion4 8,& !y 7 all afraid ( him1 n believ+ t he 0 a disciple0 7,acts #i3bf74 ,b>nabas alone _h fai? 9 ,paul & ! c\rage to /& by him4 ,if ,james 0 suspici\s ( ! new conv]t1 s 7 all ! re/1 & n )\t reason4 ,x is cle> f ,paul's ref]5ce 9 ,galatians #a3ah t ,pet] respond$ he>tily to ,paul's advances aft] once op5+ 8 he>t to him4 ,!y _h a delightful fifte5 days toge!r4 ,x is n likely1 z ,f>r>#bd argues1 t ,james1 be+ a legali/1 held alo( f ,paul ?r\gh\t4 ,?is is :olly gratuit\s4 ,james is n m5tion$ aga9 9 ,acts till #ab3ag1 & 9 a mo/ significant mann]4 ,james1 ! bro!r ( ,john1 has be5 kill$ by ,h]od ,agrippa ,i4 ,pet] has be5 ?r[n into prison b has be5 releas$ by ! angel ( ! ,"l 9 response to ! pray]s ( ! *ur* assembl$ 9 ! home ( ,m>y1 "m ( ,john ,m>k 7#ab3ab74 ,pet] goes to ! h\se & tells ! a/oni%$ gr\p3 8,tell ^! ?+s unto ,james1 & to ! bre?r540 ,?is is some:]e ab\t ,a4,d4 #dd4 ,james n[ cle>ly occupies a position ( lead]%ip 9 ! *ur*4 ,pet] himself app>5tly leaves ! city = ! "t be+ 7#ab3ag74 ,!re are already 8eld]s0 7#aa3cj7 9 ! *ur* at ,j]usalem4 ,we d n "k :at ! position ( ,james is1 b c]ta9ly x is "o ( great honor & lead]%ip4 ,! apo/les1 s9ce ,james c\ld n be "o ( ! twelve :o 7 *>g$ ) ! g5]al "w ( evangelization1 may h be5 glad = ,james to be 9 *>ge at ,j]usalem4 ,c]ta9ly he prov$ himself fully equal to ! task4 ,james ma9ta9s ! position ( lead]%ip 9 ,j]usalem ?r\gh\t ! n>rative 9 ,acts4 ,he is evid5tly ! presid5t ( ! ,j]usalem ,conf]5ce 7,acts #ae3ad-ba74 ,he is 9 *>ge ( ! *ur* :5 ,paul visits ,j]usalem ! la/ "t 7,acts #ba3ah73 8,paul w5t 9 ) u unto ,james2 & all ! eld]s 7 pres5t40 ,he possess$ ! confid5ce ( ?is great ,jewi% *ur*1 ! "m *ur* at ,j]usalem1 & _h ! e> ( ! non-,*ri/ian ,jewi% _w 9 a way h>dly true ( any o!r disciple ( ,jesus4 ,jews w\ld li/5 to ,james :o w\ld n he$ ,simon ,pet]4 ,! ,writ+ ( ! ,epi/le ,! ,epi/le ( ,james probably 0 writt5 %ortly be=e ! ,j]usalem ,conf]5ce1 mo/ likely j be=e1 t is1 ab\t ,a4,d4 #dh or #di4 ,!re is no room "h = an ext5d$ discussion ( ! pro( ( ?is /atem5t4 ,9 g5]al ,i agree ) ! argum5ts ( ,mayor on ?is po9t4#be ,plumm]#bf is unable to decide betwe5 ,a4,d4 #di & #ei4 ,writ]s l von ,sod5 place x at ! end ( ! c5tury1 & ,bruckn] puts x 9 ! second c5tury4 ,spitta admits t ,paul 9 ,romans alludes to ! ,epi/le ( ,james1 b sugge/s t ! pres5t epi/le is a ,*ri/ian adaptation ( a ,jewi% book4 ,on ! :ole1 ! weight ( ! argum5t is t[>d ! conclusion t ,james wrote ! epi/le be=e ! ,conf]5ce & )\t ref]5ce to ! ,judaiz+ controv]sy4 ,paul 9 ,galatians & ,romans may v well h 9 m9d a misuse ( :at ,james 9 *apt] #b says ab\t fai? & works1 :i* misappreh5sion he seeks to correct4 ,! epi/le mu/ be plac$ ei!r betwe5 ,a4,d4 #dj & #ej1 be=e ! ,judaiz+ controv]sy arose1 or 9 ! middle ( ! second c5tury1 aft] x _h di$ d[n4#bg ,! e>ly date has ! be/ ( x1 9 my op9ion4 ,if ?is date = ! writ+ ( ! epi/le is correct1 we h no difficulty 9 see+ h[ ,james c\ld h writt5 x s e>ly4 ,already ab\t ,a4,d4 #dd we saw 8 lead]%ip 9 ! ,j]usalem *ur* 7,acts #ab3ag74 ,no man 9 ! apo/olic circles at ?is p]iod _h ! e> ( ! ,jewi% ,*ri/ians z did ,james4 ,?is is se5 fur!r 9 ! fact t he is ask$ to preside ov] ! ,conf]5ce 9 ,j]usalem to settle ! issues rais$ by ! ,judaiz]s aga9/ ! "w ( ,paul & ,b>nabas among ! ,g5tiles4 ,! epi/le1 !re=e1 seems to come 9 at ?is /ate ( ! c>e] ( ,james & is ! *ief expression left ( 8 m9d & life4 ,*ampion ( ,paul at ! ,conf]5ce ,i _c ent] ^u a =mal discussion ( ! _m que/ions 9 dispute conc]n+ ?is great ev5t 9 ! apo/olic p]iod4 ,i c only briefly sket* my own int]pretation ( ! "p play$ by ,james on ?is occasion4#bh ,9 brief1 x is "h ma9ta9$ t 9 ,galatians #b3a-aj ,paul gives a report ( ! private int]view ) ! lead]s 9 ,j]usalem aft] ! fir/ public meet+ 7,acts #ae3c f42 ,gal4 #b3b7 0 adj\rn$ because ( ! viol5t opposition ( ! ,judaiz]s 7,acts #ae3e74 ,9 ?is private conf]5ce ,paul1 ?\gh anxi\s to w9 ! public support ( ,james & ,cephas & ,john1 8! reput$ pill>s0 7,gal4 #b3i71 yet 0 n will+ to compromise ! great issue at /ake1 8our lib]ty :i* we h 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus0 7#b3d7 & 8! tru? ( ! gospel0 7#b3e74 ,paul reveals a c]ta9 am\nt ( emb>rassm5t 9 8 ref]5ces to ! ?ree great lead]s 9 ,j]usalem1 z is manife/ 9 ! long & brok5 s5t5ce 9 v]ses #f-aj4 ,he r\ndly ass]ts 8 indep5d5ce ( !m & affirms t !y imp>t$ no?+ to him 7#b3f74 ,x seems cle> t "s ( ! m timid bre?r5 7 q dispos$ to surr5d] to ! ,judaiz]s = ! sake ( peace & 9 p>ticul> to agree t ,titus1 a full-fl$g$ ,greek conv]t 9 ,paul's company1 %\ld be circumcis$4 ,b ,paul gave 8! pill>s0 to und]/& t he w\ld n h peace on ^? t]ms4 ,x is q possible t ,james1 "h m5tion$ be=e ,cephas 7,pet]7 & ,john z ! real lead] ( ! gr\p1#bi _h n till n[ cle>ly und]/ood ,paul's true position4 ,! ,judaiz]s _h 9 all probability c\nt$ on ,james to take _! side aga9/ ,paul1 8b contr>iwise1 :5 !y saw#cj t ,i _h be5 entru/$ ) ! gospel ( ! uncircumcision1 ev5 z ,pet] ) ! gospel ( ! circumcision 444 !y 444 gave to me & ,b>nabas ! "r h&s ( fell[%ip1 t we %\ld g unto ! ,g5tiles1 & !y unto ! circumcision0 7#b3g-i74 ,x is mu* easi] to ?9k ( ,james z ! au?or ( *apt] #b 9 8 epi/le be=e ?is ev5t ?an aft] ?is pact ) ,paul4 ,note also 9 v]se #i1 8& :5 !y p]ceiv$ ! grace t 0 giv5 unto me44440 ,n[ ! coa/ is cle>1 & ,paul is sure ( victory 9 ! op5 ,conf]5ce4 ,! /ipulation ab\t ! poor 7#b3aj7 0 9 h>mony ) ,paul's previ\s practice 7,acts #aa3bi f474 ,9 ! second meet+ ( ! g5]al ,conf]5ce ,james evid5tly presides & sums up ! situation 9 favor ( ,paul1 aft] ,pet] 7,acts #ae3g-ab7 has %[n h[ !y _h already agre$ to ,g5tile lib]ty 9 ! case ( ,cornelius & 8 h\sehold4 ,james1 ) due delib]ation 7#ae3ac71 concludes 7#ae3ab-ba7 ) a po9t$ endorsem5t ( ,simon ,pet]'s spee* & acceptance ( ! "w at ,caes>ea & among ! ,g5tiles g5]ally z a visitation ( ,god4 ,he cl9*es ! :ole matt] by %[+ t ! prophets 7z ,amos #i3aa f47 agree ) ?is position t ! ,g5tiles are to be sav$4 8,:]e=e my judgm5t is10 he says z ! presid5t ( ! ,conf]5ce1 practically (f]+ a resolution = ! vote ( ! ,conf]5ce1 8t we tr\ble n !m t f among ! ,g5tiles turn to ,god0 7,acts #ae3ai74 ,he has put ! matt] 9 a v happy =m4 ,surely ,jewi% ,*ri/ians c\ld b rejoice to see ,g5tiles 8turn to ,god40 ,james proposes ! writ+ ( an epi/le to ! ,g5tile ,*ri/ians to ?is effect1 ) ! add$ w>n+ 8t !y ab/a9 f ! pollution ( idols1 & f =nication1 & f :at is /rangl$1 & f blood40 ,x is at lea/ op5 to "q :e!r 8:at is /rangl$0 is g5u9e "h1 s9ce x is want+ 9 ,d 7,codex ,bezae71 ,ir5u1 ,t]tullian1 & ,cyprian1 z also 9 #ae3bh4 ,if s1 ! prohibition is aga9/ idolatry 7idol fea/s71 murd] 7blood71 & immorality 7=nication71 ! great vices ( hea!nism4 ,b ) ! text z x /&s1 8?+s /rangl$10 we seem to h a concession to ! ,jewi% c]emonial law & to ,jewi% prejudices on t po9t4 ,james is n uneasy ab\t ,moses1 = he is read 9 ! synagogues e sabba? 7,acts #ae3ba71 a ref]5ce to ! habit ( ! ,*ri/ians /ill to wor%ip 9 ! ,jewi% synagogues 7cf4 ,james #b3b74 ,! 8wisdom0 ( ,james is manife/ 9 ?is ma/]ly address1 :i* held conviction to su* an ext5t t ! resolution ( ,james 0 c>ri$ unanim\sly by ! body ( 8! apo/les & ! eld]s1 ) ! :ole *ur*0 7,acts #ae3bb71 a rem>kable outcome :5 ! bitt]ness ( ! ,judaiz]s is consid]$ & a di/9ct tribute to ! influ5ce ( ,james4 ,we may assume t ! ,judaiz]s 7 sil5t1 s9ce !y saw t !y 7 hopelessly defeat$4 ,! epi/le :i* 0 s5t to ! *ur* at ,antio* 7#ae3bc-bi7 embodies ! ideas ( ,james & 0 probably writt5 by him1 s9ce ! /yle is l t ( 8 spee* & ! epi/le t be>s 8 "n4 ,! lett] expressly disclaims responsibility = ! conduct ( ! ,judaiz]s at ,antio* 7#ae3bd71 po9t$ly condemns _! behavior1 comm5ds 8our belov$ ,b>nabas & ,paul0 7vv4 #be f471 ref]s to ! mess5g]s ,judas & ,silas1 claims ! guidance ( ! ,holy ,_s 9 ! /& = ,g5tile fre$om 7v4 #bh71 & repeats ! /ipulations 9 ! spee* ( ,james ab\t ! special ,g5tile s9s 7v4 #bi74 ,!re c be no "q t ,james "h ent]$ fully into sympa?y ) ! cont5tion ( ,paul t ! yoke ( ,jewi% c]emonialism %\ld n be impos$ ^u ! ,g5tile ,*ri/ians4 ,james is a *ampion ( ! ,paul9e doctr9e ( grace z oppos$ to works4 ,x is int]e/+ to note ! phrase 8! p]fect law ( lib]ty0 7,james #a3be74 ,x is difficult to see h[1 aft] ?is ,conf]5ce1 ,james & ,paul c\ld misund]/& or oppose ea* o!r4 ,z we %all see1 ! real explanation ( ! app>5t conflict betwe5 ,james #b & ,romans #c is q o!r ?an ?is unnecess>y hypo!sis4 ,james has n[ giv5 ! great weight ( 8 "* & influ5ce among ! ,jewi% ,*ri/ians to ! endorsem5t ( ! "w ( ,paul among ! ,g5tiles4 ,james is a ,jewi% ,*ri/ian b n a ,judaiz]4 ,he does n wi% to impose ! burd5 ( ! ,mosaic ritual ^u ! ,g5tiles1 ?\gh he /ill obs]ves x himself1 z d ! o!r ,jewi% ,*ri/ians1 includ+ ,paul4 ,misuse ( ! ,"n ( ,james ,9 ,galatians #b3aa ,paul speaks ( a visit ( ,pet] to ,antio*1 app>5tly "s "t aft] ! ev5ts record$ 9 #b3a-aj4 ,if x 7 be=e ! ,conf]5ce1 ,pet]'s conduct at ,antio* w\ld be l>gely reliev$ ( ! *>ge ( c[>dice4 ,b on ! :ole1 we mu/ foll[ ! ord] ( "t z giv5 by ,paul4 ,we d n1 h[ev]1 "k :e!r ?is visit ( ,pet] 0 be=e ! brea* betwe5 ,paul & ,b>nabas ov] ,john ,m>k 7,acts #ae3cf-da7 or aft] ! return ( ,paul f ! second t\r 7,acts #ah3bb f474 ,if ! latt] is true1 ,b>nabas _h also come back to ,antio* 7,gal4 #b3ac74 ,patrick#ca ?9ks t ?is visit 0 n long aft] ! ,conf]5ce1 probably be=e ! brea* ) ,b>nabas4 ,at any rate1 ,pet] at ,antio* practices social equality ) ! ,g5tiles1 j z ,paul & ,b>nabas & ! re/ ( ! ,jewi% ,*ri/ians !re did 7,gal4 #b3ac71 & j z ,pet] did 9 ! h\se ( ,cornelius1 ?\gh he apologiz$ = ! act !n 7,acts #aj3bh71 & at ,j]usalem :5 call$ to acc\nt = x 7#aa3a-ah74 ,evid5tly ! "q ( social equality 0 n rais$ 9 ! ,conf]5ce at ,j]usalem4 8,c]ta9 came f ,james10 says ,paul 7,gal4 #b3ab74 ,patrick#cb admits t !y _h "s connection ) ,james & may h borne a commission f ,james1 ?\gh n to ,pet]4 ,x is possible1 ( c\rse1 t rumors ( ,pet]'s lib]ty 9 ! matt] ( social int]c\rse may h rea*$ ,j]usalem 7cf4 ,acts #aa3a ff471 :]e ! ph>isaic elem5t 9 ! *ur* 0 v s5sitive on ?is po9t4 ,x is difficult1 h[ev]1 to believe t ,james w\ld h felt call$ ^u to s5d a reprim& to ,pet] on ! subject1 ev5 grant+ t ,james oppos$ ?is conduct ( ,pet]4 ,! ,judaiz]s at ,antio* seem to h claim$ ! sanction ( ,james & ! re/ at ,j]usalem 9 _! opposition to ,paul & ,b>nabas 7,acts #ae3a1 #bd f471 & x is entirely possible t on ?is occasion ! visitors f ,j]usalem claim$ a connection ) ,james t 0 n true4 ,hort#cc ?9ks x probable t ,james m]ely meant 8to s5d cautions to ,pet]10 ) no ?\ght ( a rebuke1 & t ! mess5g]s proce$$ to fright5 ,pet] ) ?reats ( a report to ,james ab\t 8 conduct at ,antio*4 ,x is und\bt$ly true t ! horizon ( ,j]usalem 0 n t ( ,antio* & t ,paul w\ld h less sympa?y = :at ,pet] did "u fe> ( consequ5ces at ,j]usalem ?an = ,james 9 ,j]usalem1 :o might n fully compreh5d developm5ts at ,antio*4 ,b ! ,epi/le ( ,james & 8 spee* at ! ,conf]5ce make me sl[ to believe t he _h gone ov] to ! position ( ! ,judaiz]s1 z ,pet] did at ,antio*4 ,paul boldly *>g$ ,pet]1 & ev5 ,b>nabas1 n ) a *ange ( conviction b ) hypocrisy 7,gal4 #b3ac f474 ,=tunately1 x 0 only a tempor>y lapse1 & bo? /epp$ back to ! side ( ,paul 9 8 *ampion%ip ( a gospel ( equality & fre$om = all4 ,paul makes no =mal *>ge aga9/ ,james1 & "u all ! circum/ances ,i pref] to ?9k t ,james has be5 misrepres5t$ at ,antio* by ! visitors f ,j]usalem1 :o d>$ to use 8 p[]ful "n to :ip ,pet] into l9e4 ,at any rate1 ,james1 n ,pet]1 seems to be ! ma/] _s at ,j]usalem1 z ,paul is at ,antio*4 ,befri5d+ ,paul on ,8 ,la/ ,visit ,paul came to ,j]usalem = ! la/ "t 9 ! spr+ 7probably #eg or #eh7 ) a heavy he>t4 ,he reveals 8 appreh5sions 9 ,romans #ae3ca-cc & 9 8 address at ,miletus 7,acts #bj3ah-ce74 ,he has made a brave fight = lib]ty 9 ,*ri/ almo/ all ov] ! ,roman ,empire1 b ! ,judaiz]s h n ceas$ _! attacks ^u him4 ,9 p>ticul>1 dur+ 8 long abs5ce f ,j]usalem he has be5 grossly misrepres5t$ !re4 ,he has be5 frequ5tly w>n$ ( tr\ble if he came1 b he is det]m9$ to come 9 ! hope ( sett+ matt]s "r 9 ,j]usalem & s prev5t+ a s*ism 9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,he _h won at ! ,conf]5ce at ,j]usalem "s sev5 or eight ye>s be=e4 ,hort#cd ?9ks t ,paul ent]$ ! city 8) mu* precaution & avoidance ( obs]vation0 "u ! %elt] ( ,mnason 7,acts #ba3af74 ,at any rate1 ! bre?r5 receiv$ him gladly 7#ba3ag71 & on ! next day ,paul made a =mal call on 8,james2 & all ! eld]s 7 pres5t0 7#ba3ah74 ,s "h ,james is /ill at ! head ( ! "w 9 ,j]usalem z at ! ,conf]5ce4 ,! apo/les 7 pres5t !n z !y seem to be abs5t n[4 ,?is is n a conf]5ce b m]ely a fri5dly meet+4 ,paul's rehe>sal ( 8 "w among ! ,g5tiles meets ) ! mo/ cordial expressions ( satisfaction 7#ba3bj74 ,paul is among 8 fri5ds1 :o tell him ( a gross misrepres5tation ( 8 position t is curr5t among ! ,jewi% ,*ri/ians at ,j]usalem to ! effect t he tea*es t ,jewi% ,*ri/ians mu/ =sake ,moses & ! cu/oms ( ! law 7#ba3ba74ce ,!y d n believe x !mselves & only wi% to help ,paul cle> up ! matt] )\t int]f]+ at all ) ! decision ( ! ,conf]5ce ab\t ! fre$om ( ! ,g5tiles 7#ba3bb-be74 ,!y sugge/ t ,paul jo9 ) f\r m5 9 a ,naz>ite v[1 pay ! *>ges = _! purification & = 8 own1 & let all ! ,jewi% ,*ri/ians see him 9 ! act ( wor%ip & ritual obs]vance ( ! c]emonial law1 ?us prov+ 8t ?\ ?yself also walke/ ord]ly1 keep+ ! law0 7#ba3bd74 ,! matt] seem$ simple en\gh4 ,paul _h n oppos$ ! obs]vance ( ! law on ! "p ( ,jewi% ,*ri/ians4 ,galatians 0 writt5 9 def5se ( ,g5tile lib]ty4 ,!re 0 no ef=t to commit ,paul to ! necessity ( ! law = salvation4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ,paul _h kept up 8 obs]vance ( ! ,jewi% cu/oms save z !y affect$ sep>ation f ! ,g5tiles4 ,s ,paul accept$ ! advice & made ! (f]+1 8purify+ himself ) !m0 7#ba3bf74 ,app>5tly ! plan succe$$ 9 sett+ ,paul "r ) ! mass ( ! *ur* 9 ,j]usalem4 ,! tr\ble t l$ to 8 arre/ arose f ! attack ( "s ,jews 7n ,*ri/ians7 f ,ephesus1 :o accus$ ,paul ( defam+ ! ,temple :ile 9 ! v act ( do+ wor%ip 9 ! ,temple4 ,we d n "k :e!r ! plan ( ! eld]s 0 ! plan ( ,james4 ,c]ta9ly if he _h disapprov$ he w\ld h spok5 out1 z ! meet+ 0 at 8 h\se4 ,b x 0 all meant 9 ! utmo/ k9dness to ,paul1 & x is n possible to %[ t x 0 unwise4 ,! incid5t %[s ! greate/ fri5dl9ess betwe5 ,paul & ,james & ! franke/ recognition on ,paul's "p ( ! great wor? & influ5ce ( ,james himself4 ,!re is no o!r ref]5ce to ,james 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t unless x appe>s 9 ,hebrews #ac3g1 #ag1 8!m t h ! rule ov] y40 ,! ,/ory ( ,8 ,dea? ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria#cf says t ,james ! ,j 80 ?r[n f ! gable ( ! temple1 & beat5 to dea? by a full] ) a club40 ,hegesippus#cg gives a long & leg5d>y acc\nt ( ! dea? ( ,james to ! effect t ! p ( ,j]usalem :o call$ ,james 8! ,j0 7 s enrag$ :5 he bore witness to ,jesus z ! ,son ( man t !y flung him d[n f ! gable ( ! ,temple1 /on$ him1 & a full] clubb$ him4 8,& !y buri$ him on ! spot by ! temple1 & 8 monum5t /ill rema9s by ! temple40 ,b ,josephus#ch gives an entirely diff]5t & mu* m cr$ible n>rative ( ! dea? ( ,james1 plac+ x ab\t ,a4,d4 #fb or #fc4 ,he *>ges ! ,sadducees ?r\gh ! high prie/ ,ananus ) ! dea? ( ,james & adds3 8,ananus1 !re=e1 z be+ a p]son ( ?is "*1 & ?9k+ t he _h a suitable opportunity1 ?r\gh ,fe/us be+ dead1 & ,alb9us /ill on 8 j\rney 7to ,judaea71 assembles a ,sanh$r9 ( judges2 & he br\ght be=e x ! bro!r ( ,jesus :o is call$ ,*ri/ 78 "n 0 ,james7 & "s o!rs1 & deliv]$ !m to be /on$1 on a *>ge ( be+ transgressors ( ! law40 ,s he won a m>tyr's cr[n4 ,he 0 call$ 8! ,j40 ,he _h accus$ ! wick$ ri* ( kill+ 8! righte\s "o0 7,james #e3f74 ,,ii ,to ! ,twelve ,tribes ,:i* ,are ( ! ,disp]sion ,simple ,address ,! writ] is wond]fully simple & direct 9 8 greet+ z comp>$ ) ,paul 9 ,romans #a3a-g1 = in/ance4 ,!re is no pr9cipal v]b1 & ! nom9ative absolute occurs ) ! inf9itive1 z is s common 9 ! lett]s f\nd 9 ! papyri4 ,orig9ally a ^w l 8s5ds0 may h be5 us$ also4 ,b ?is %ort address is 9 p]fect keep+ ) ! bus9ess-l "* ( ,james & ! po9t$1 pung5t tone ( ! epi/le4 ,! ,read]s ,!y are evid5tly n a local *ur*4 8,! twelve tribes :i* are ( ! ,disp]sion0 naturally ref]s to ! ,jews :o are scatt]$ 9 ! ,g5tile _w outside ( ,pale/9e4 ,! te*nical t]m diaspora occurs 9 only two o!r places 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t 7,john #g3ce2 #a ,pet] #a3a74 ,9 ,john ! ^w has its usual significance4 ,! ,jewi% lead]s sc(f$ at ,jesus z a failure 9 ,pale/9e4 ,p]haps he meant to g & tea* ! ,jews ( ! disp]sion4 ,! t]m 8twelve tribes0 9 ,james m]ely means ! ,jews z a :ole 9 ! disp]sion1 = ! tribes 7 n pres]v$ 9 a di/9ctive way outside ( ,pale/9e4 ,! 8lo/ t5 tribes0 evid5tly _h no significance = ,james4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 !y are no m 8lo/0 ?an ,judah & ,b5jam94 ,! ,jews ( ,pale/9e aft] ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem by ! ,romans 7 once m scatt]$ abroad1 z _! ance/ors _h be5 twice be=e1 to m+le z 8,jews0 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! _w4 ,d\btless1 mod]n ,jews are simply a bl5d ( all ! twelve tribes4 ,at ! "t :5 ,james wrote1 ! ,jews 7 v num]\s 9 all ! great comm]cial c5t]s ( ! _w1 su* z ,alex&ria1 ,antio*1 ,babylon1 ,ephesus1 ,miletus1 ,p]gamum1 ,rome1 ,!ssalonica4 ,b x is m ?an probable t ,james has 9 m9d *iefly ! ,ea/]n disp]sion 9 ,babylonia & ,mesopotamia1 z ,pet] 7#a ,pet] #a3a7 address$ ! ,we/]n disp]sion4 ,b 0 ,james writ+ to ,jews :o 7 n ,*ri/ians8 ,0 he mak+ an appeal to ! non-,*ri/ian ,jews ( ! disp]sion to become ,*ri/ians8 ,! idea is n )\t fasc9ation 9 itself4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,m\lton#ci cont5ds t ?is is precisely :at ,james has done1 z is %[n by ! avoidance ( specific ref]5ce to ,*ri/ & to ! cross s z n to give (f5se to ! ,jews :om he wi%es to w94 ,dr4 ,george ,milligan#dj replies t x is n possible to ?9k ( 8a ,*ri/ian tea*] ( ,james's position suppress+ 8 di/9ctive beliefs "u any circum/ances :atsoev]40 ,b ! au?or does n conceal 8 view ( ,jesus4 ,9 ! v fir/ v]se he speaks ( 8! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/10 & ^! words give 8 human "n ,jesus1 8 title ,*ri/ 7,messiah71 & 8 lord%ip 7deity74 ,besides1 9 #b3a ,james speaks ( ,jesus z ! object ( fai? & s ( wor%ip1 z ,m(fatt#da correctly has x3 8,z y believe 9 our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o is ! ,glory40 ,see also #e3g1 8until ! com+ ( ! ,"l0 7cf4 #e3h74 ,!re are no doctr9al discussions ( ! cross & ! resurrection1 b all ?is is di/9ctly impli$4 ,james also ann\nces himself z a ,*ri/ian 9 #a3a & c\ld n wi% to conceal ! gospel if he meant to w9 ,jews to ,*ri/4 ,moreov]1 he draws a di/9ction betwe5 ! ,*ri/ians 78ye07 & _! oppressors 78!y10 app>5tly ri* ,jews7 9 #b3g3 8,d n !y blaspheme ! honorable "n1 by :i* ye are call$80 ,t 8"n0 is ! "n ( ,*ri/4#db ,comp>e also #b3f3 8,d n ! ri* oppress y1 & !mselves drag y be=e ! judgm5t-seats80 ,besides1 ,james claims ! read]s z believ]s1 8my bre?r510 9 #b3a & #e3g f4 ,!re are1 d\btless1 passages :]e ,james pictures unbeliev+ ,jews1 z 9 #b3f f4 j m5tion$ & 9 p>ticul> #e3a-f1 t vivid apo/rophe to ! ri* ,jews ( ! "t4 ,9 #a ,pet] #a3a we f9d ! o!r in/ance ( diaspora1 or disp]sion4 ,"h ,pet] seems to mean by 8! elect :o are soj\rn]s ( ! ,disp]sion 9 ,pontus1 ,galatia1 ,cappadocia1 ,asia1 & ,bi?ynia0 n m]ely ,jews or ,jewi% ,*ri/ians b all ,*ri/ians1 :e!r ,jews or ,g5tiles1 9 ! spiritual disp]sion1 8soj\rn]s0 f ! true ,pale/9e or promis$ l& 7heav574 ,is ?is ! idea ( ,james8 ,zahn#dc takes ?is position & f9ds t ! writ] is address+ all ,*ri/ians 9 g5]al1 :e!r ^? p]sons w\ld be ,jews or ,g5tiles4 ,b surely ! au?or has 9 m9d simply ,*ri/ian ,jews outside ( ,pale/9e4 ,! use ( ! ^w 8synagogue0 z a place ( wor%ip 7,james #b3b7 on a p> ) 8*ur*0 7#e3ad7 argues = ?is int]pretation4 ,he is address+ ! ,*ri/ian ,jews1 :o n[ h _m problems1 & he may h hop$ by means ( ^! believ+ ,jews to rea* ! wid] circle ( unbeliev+ ,jews4 ,he speaks ( ,abraham z 8our fa!r0 7#b3ba74 ,he assumes t = 8 read]s ! ,mosaic law is /ill b9d+ 7#b3i-aa2 #d3aa74dd ,! ,occasion ,?is we d n "k4 ,unlike mo/ ( ,paul's epi/les1 !re are no p]sonal details4 ,we are left to conjecture1 z 9 ! case ( ,jude & #a ,john4 ,! picture drawn 9 ! epi/le is t ( ,jewi% ,*ri/ians ( ! poor] classes1 ) a small numb] ( ri*] bre?r5 7#a3aj71 /ruggl+ = life 9 ! mid/ ( a social & economic environm5t t 0 utt]ly unsympa!tic1 n to say ho/ile4 ,! process ( adju/m5t 0 difficult & p]il\s4 ,!re 7 p]ils to ! individual & to ! *ur* life1 & ,james %[s real ma/]y ( ! situation t confront$ ! ,jewi% ,*ri/ians 9 ! middle ( ! fir/ c5tury 9 ! scatt]$ regions :]e !y 7 f\nd4 ,he writes to !m 9 a firm tone b ) manife/ und]/&+ & sympa?y4 ,"* ( ! ,epi/le ,! book1 small z x is1 is a little gem 9 conception & expression4 ,x rem9ds "o ( portions ( ! book ( ,prov]bs1 "s ( ! ,psalms1 portions ( ! ,prophets1 ! ,twelve ,patri>*s1 ! ,wisdom ( ,jesus ! ,son ( ,sira*1 ! ,wisdom ( ,solomon1 ,philo1 & ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt4 ,x is q possible t bo? ,paul & ,pet] _h read ! ,epi/le ( ,james2 at lea/ !re are sev]al co9cid5ces betwe5 !m4 ,at any rate1 !re seems to be "s lit]>y connection betwe5 "s ( ,paul's epi/les 7,rom41 #a ,cor41 ,gal471 #a ,pet] & ,hebrews1 & ! ,epi/le ( ,james4 ,"s cont5d t ! epi/le makes use ( ^! ,new ,te/am5t books4 ,m4 ,jones#de ?9ks t ! au?or _h "s k ( ! ,/oic philosoph]s1 b ?is c\ld h come ?r\gh ,hell5i/ic ,judaism1 z = in/ance ! ,wisdom ( ,solomon & ,philo4 ,! au?or1 z already %[n1 writes 9 ! smoo? & easy ,ko9e ( a gift$ & cultivat$ ,jew ( ,pale/9e4 ,"o does n h to say ) ,patrick#df t ,james _h a wide k ( classical ,greek4 ,he may nev] h read a l9e ( 8classical0 ,greek1 b he knew well ! curr5t ,greek ( 8 day & us$ x ) f9e skill4 ,x is n a labor$ production & is 9 no s5se artificial4 ,! au?or is full ( ! ,old ,te/am5t & writes l "o ( ! prophets2 yet he has a firm grip ^u ! ess5ce ( ! gospel ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,! book =ms a f9e l9k betwe5 ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts4 ,james1 ! bro!r ( ! ,"l ,jesus1 und]/&s ! ,old ,te/am5t & loves ,moses /ill4 ,he seeks to int]pret ,*ri/ianity m fully on its e?ical & social side to ! ,jewi% ,*ri/ians ( 8 "t1 :o are 9 sad ne$ ( help1 beset z !y are by ,jew & ,g5tile1 & ) an imp]fect grasp ( ! new gospel4 ,!y f9d 9 ?is epi/le j :at !y ne$ to make practice correspond to pr(ession1 to squ>e life ) cre$4 ,! lesson is /ill ne$$ today4 ,!re is a peculi> p]t95ce ab\t ! tea*+ ( ,james t appeals to mod]n m5 :o are no?+ if n practical4 ,,iii ,joy 9 ,trial ,evid5tly ^! e>ly ,jewi% ,*ri/ians _h _! %>e ( trial4 ,:o1 alas1 does n h 8 portion8 ,! problem ) u all is to le>n h[ to f9d ! spr+ ( joy 9 ! mid/ ( sorr[4 ,!re are always p]plexities & anxieties4 ,! sea is re/less ev5 9 its mom5ts ( calm beauty4 ,v>iety 9 ,trials 7#a3b7 ,!re is ! tone ( an eld] bro!r 9 ?is epi/le1 & we see x at ! />t :5 ,james says 8my bro!rs40 ,x is no p]functory phrase ) him4 ,x is 8trials10 n 8temptations10 t ,james "h has 9 m9d1 ?\gh ! same ^w probably means temptation 9 #a3ab4 ,! ^w 9 ! ,greek came to h ei!r s5se1 ?\gh orig9ally x meant only to try1 to attempt1 j z our ,engli% ^w 8tempt0 0 at fir/ simply 8try40 ,b x is a %ort /ep f 8try0 to 8make trial (0 "o :5 suspicion exi/s or evil desire arises4 ,h5ce all ?r\gh ! ,greek we f9d ! old ,greek ^w us$ 9 bo? s5ses4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t usage v>ies4 ,!re are a half doz5 o!r passages :]e ! ^w has ! idea ( trial 7,luke #bb3bh2 ,acts #bj3ai2 ,gal4 #d3ad2 #a ,pet] #a3f2 #d3ab2 ,rev4 #c3aj74 ,9 #a ,pet] #a3f ! id5tical expression 8manifold trials0 appe>s4 ,oe/]ley#dg wrongly insi/s t 8temptation0 is ! mean+ 9 ,james #a3b on ! gr\nd t 8! writ]'s ,judaism is /rong] ?an 8 ,*ri/ianity10 & he !n uses x z an argum5t aga9/ ! g5u95ess ( ! book4 ,a soldi] 7,p>ry7 does h 8true joy0 9 victory ov] temptation1 l ,wordswor?'s 8happy w>rior10 b t is beside ! m>k "h4 ,!re is no conflict "h ) ! avoidance ( temptation urg$ by ,jesus 7,matt4 #f3ac2 ,luke #aa3d2 ,matt4 #bf3da2 ,luke #bb3dj74 ,james ref]s r to ext]nal trials into :i* m5 fall--trials t are n only unwelcome b also uns\ght & unexpect$4#dh ,x is almo/ ! picture ( a /umble 9 ! d>k :5 "o f9ds himself surr\nd$ by ho/ile =ces1 j z ! poor man fell among robb]s 7,luke #aj3cj74 ,besides1 "o may be surr\nd$ by all sorts ( trials at once & n m]ely any sort ( trial 7,m(fatt74 ,! ^w 8manifold0 is really _m-color$1 v>iegat$1 spott$1 mottl$1 pi$1 dappl$4 8,x nev] ra9s b x p\rs10 we say at su* a "t4 ,! same ^w is appli$ to ! sicknesses & torm5ts ( body & m9d :i* ,jesus heal$ 7,matt4 #d3bd74 ,x is us$ ( ! evil desires t lead silly wom5 a/ray 7#b ,tim4 #c3f71 ( ! lu/s & pleasures :i* once ! ,cretans s]v$ 7,titus #c3c71 ( ! v>iety 9 ! manife/ation ( ,god's p[] 9 connection ) ! gospel 7,heb4 #b3d71 ( ! _m sorts ( /range tea*+s !n afloat 7,heb4 #ac3i7 ( :i* we are n[ beg9n+ to le>n some?+ 7incipi5t ,gno/icism & ! e>ly /ages ( ,mi?raism1 = example71 ( ! _m trials :i* br\ght sorr[ to ! ,*ri/ians 7#a ,pet] #a3f71 & ( ! _m sides to ! grace ( ,god 7#a ,pet] #d3aj74 ,god has grace = e trial :atev] its color1 :e!r black or blue1 yell[ or gre51 r$ or crimson4 ,! way to face !m all is ) joy 9 ! he>t & a smile on ! face4 ,we are n ask$ to ru% into trials & to make mock m>tyrs ( ourselves4 ,we are n ask$ to rejoice because ( ! trials1 _m or few4 ,mu* dep5ds on h[ we treat ! problem ( trial1 mu* ( :i* is beyond our control1 l pov]ty 9 wisdom 7,james #a3e7 & 9 sub/ance 7#a3i7 & l p]secution 7#b3f f474 ,we are n to be bl9d to facts nor to submit tamely to :at c be cur$ & %\ld n be endur$4 ,james is n a cynic or a /oic b a victori\s ,*ri/ian :o has le>n$ ! lesson t ?ankful joy is easi] & wis] ?an m]e dull resignation 7,plumm]1 9 loco74 ,ea* tr\ble may be met by a special k9d ( joy z its antidote4 ,! common idea ab\t 8all joy0 is t ,james !reby means pure joy1 no?+ b joy4 8,greet x z pure joy0 7,m(fatt74 ,t is possible1 ?\gh x may also mean 8br+ to be> all t joy has to (f]40 ,x does n mean 7,mayor7 t all ( joy is conta9$ 9 ?is view4 ,at any rate1 x is mu* to "k t joy 9 suff]+ is possible1 z _m sa9ts c te/ify :o h rea*$ ! pure air ( fell[%ip ) ,jesus 9 suff]+ 7cf4 ,phil4 #c3aj74 ,! ,bro!r ( ,james said3 8,bless$ are !y t h be5 p]secut$ = righte\sness' sake3 = !irs is ! k+dom ( heav54 ,bless$ are ye :5 m5 %all reproa* y1 & p]secute y1 & say all mann] ( evil aga9/ y falsely1 = my sake4 ,rejoice & be exce$+ glad2 = great is y\r rew>d 9 heav53 = s p]secut$ !y ! prophets t 7 be=e y0 7,matt4 #e3aj-ab74 ,?is is "p ( ! fell[%ip ( ,*ri/ & ( ! sa9ts1 ! 8sun%9e b&0 ( ^? :o h le>n$ to smile 9 ! mid/ ( te>s1 l ! sun%9e 9 ! ra94 ,paul 0 able to say3 8,b we also rejoice 9 our tribulations0 7,rom4 #e3c74 ,?is is n ! joy ( ! fanatic or ( ! fakir or ( ! rhapsodi/4 ,x is ! joy ( ! s\l t is at peace ) ,god 9 ,*ri/ & has also m ?an e>? & hell c take away1 ! peace t passes all und]/&+4 ,! disciples rejoic$ 8t !y 7 c\nt$ wor?y to suff] di%onor = ! ,"n0 7,acts #e3da74 ,ev5 ,m>cus ,aurelius said3 8,say n t t :i* ha? befall5 !e is bad =tune1 b t to endure x nobly is good =tune40 ,! ,product ( ,trial 7#a3c7 ,! rule ( ,*ri/ian joy ?us exp\nd$ /&s ! te/ ( exp]i5ce4 ,! ^w 8kn[+0 is ! "o us$ = exp]im5tal k z oppos$ to m]e intellectual appreh5sion4 ,! t5se 7pres5t p>ticiple7 expresses cont9u\s acquisition ( fre% k f exp]i5ce4 ,x is ! s*ool ( life :]e we le>n mo/ ( :at we really "k4 ,! position ( ,james is ?us 9 ?or\gh h>mony ) psy*ology4 ,! comm& to rejoice 9 ! mid/ ( manifold trials1 p>adoxical ?\gh x seems1 is "o t ! ,jewi% ,*ri/ians knew to be true f _! exp]i5ce ( grace4 ,john/one#di has a f9e ^w3 8,affliction lets d[n a blaz+ tor* into 8 own nature--& he sees _m ?+s :i* he little expect$ to see40 ,"o ( ! m>vels ( mod]n sci5ce is ! use ( electric light by div]s at ! bottom ( ! sea to take pictures ( sea life4 ,x is ! biological conception t ,james has 9 m9d4 ,! law ( life 7nature & grace7 works ?r\gh p]sonal exp]i5ce & n by me*anical imp>tation4 ,:at d we le>n by exp]i5ce8 8,t ! prov+ ( y\r fai? worke? pati5ce40 ,m(fatt has x3 8,t ! /]l+ temp] ( y\r fai? produces endurance40 ,! notion is pla9ly t ( te/+4 ,see ! same phrase 9 #a ,pet] #a3g4 ,?us ,james1 z ,paul1 reg>ds fai? z 8! v f\ndation ( religion0 7,mayor74 ,! v]b f :i* ! adjective is d]iv$ is common en\gh = te/+ a yoke ( ox5 7,luke #ad3ai71 ! spirits 7#a ,john #d3a71 "w by fire 7#a ,cor4 #c3ac71 g5u95ess ( love 7#b ,cor4 #h3h71 all ?+s 7#a ,!ss4 #e3ba74 ,pet] 7#a ,pet] #a3g7 expla9s ! adjective by ! v]b 7te/$ by fire74 ,comp>e ,sira* #b3e3 8,= gold is tri$ 9 ! fire1 & acceptable m5 9 ! furnace ( adv]sity40 ,"o is rem9d$ ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt4 8,ye %all "k !m by _! fruits0 7,matt4 #g3af74 ,pati5ce is pati5tia 7patior7 & is call$ by ,philo ! que5 ( ! virtues4 ,! ,jews 7,oe/]ley1 9 loco7 _h _h ample ne$ ( ?is virtue 9 _! *eck]$ hi/ory4 ,x is j ! opposite ( ! 8sup]man0 ( ,nietzs*e1 ! triumph ( might ov] "r1 ! w to get :at "o wi%es1 "r or wrong4 ,!re is inevitable conflict betwe5 selfi% milit>ism & ,*ri/ianity4 ,x is a pity t ,*ri/ians h left x to sociali/s to make ! mo/ vigor\s prote/ aga9/ w>4 ,b alas1 bo? ,*ri/ians & sociali/s are swept "u by ! vortex ( w> nol5s vol5s4 ,& yet by 8pati5ce0 ,james does n mean in]tia or lack ( ambition4 ,x is n complac5t self-satisfaction b ! triumph ( regulat$ consid]ation ( ! welf>e ( o!rs1 ! victory ( love ov] gre$1 ! joy ( do+ )\t t o!rs may be happy1 ! happ9ess ( endur+ ill = ! sake ( ,jesus4 ,x is v h>d to rema9 "u mis=tune 7! lit]al mean+ ( ! ,greek ^w = pati5ce7 :5 x _c be help$4 ,james does n mean t we are n to try to cure any ( ! ills ( life1 n to ov]come ignorance1 pov]ty1 disease1 crime4 ,!re is "h no surcease = ! w> on ! evil conditions ( mod]n life 9 home or city or /ate4 ,b _m ?+s _c be *ang$4 ,o!rs w be alleviat$ by & by4 ,mean:ile ! ,*ri/ian c rise to ! height ( *e]ful1 joyful pati5ce4 ,x is ! practice ( *e]fulness t we s mu* ne$4 ,we d n h to %ut our eyes to ! facts ( life & ( ! human reason & d5y ! exi/5ce ( s9 & sickness4 ,we c conqu] ! bitt] results ( ^! evils by ! joy 9 ,*ri/ t drives away despair4 ,?is pati5ce is ! product ( trial4 ,we are n born ) a supply ( pati5ce4 ,x is n be/[$ 9 fulness ^u u at ! new bir?4 ,l ! manna1 we ne$ a fre% supply ea* morn+4 ,b ! habit ( m9d t]m$ pati5ce is gradually wr\ght 9 u by ! discipl9e ( exp]i5ce4 ,bitt]ness is a possible fruit ( sorr[ & h>d exp]i5ces4 ,bitt]ness is writt5 all ov] "s sad faces4 ,t t]rible calamity c be miss$1 w be miss$1 if "o walks 9 ! way ( him :o said3 8,come unto me1 all ye t labor & are heavy lad51 & ,i w give y re/4 ,take my yoke ^u y1 & le>n ( me2 = ,i am meek & l[ly 9 he>t3 & ye %all f9d re/ unto y\r s\ls4 ,= my yoke is easy1 & my burd5 is light0 7,matt4 #aa3bh f474 ,x may n be easy & light at fir/1 b x becomes s 9 ! pres5ce ( ,jesus4 ,nobly does ,wordswor? int]pret x = u all3 ,:o1 doom$ to g 9 company ) pa91 ,& fe> & blood%$1 mis]able tra96 ,turn$ 8 necessity to glori\s ga92 ,9 face ( ^! do? ex]cise a p[] ,:i* is our human nature's highe/ d[]2 ,controls !m & subdues1 transmutes1 b]eaves ,( _! bad influ5ce1 & _! good receives4 ,p]fection by ,pati5ce 7#a3d7 ,!re is no o!r way ?an ! sl[ way ( life4 ,! mu%room spr+s up 9 a night & goes z quickly away4 ,! oak gr[s a few in*es a ye> & la/s = c5turies4 ,! f9e/ product 9 ,god's g>d5 is ! s\l ( man1 ripe ) ! long ye>s ( toil & sorr[4 ,lu!r ,burbank le>n$ "s ( ! wit*]y ( nature by wat*+ h] ways ) plant life4 ,he %[$ great pati5ce & has mu* to %[ = x4 ,give pati5ce a *ance to d its "w & keep on giv+ x a fair %[4 ,ole ,bull said t if he miss$ practic+ on 8 viol9 "o day1 he notic$ ! diff]5ce 9 8 play+4 ,if he miss$ two days1 o!r musicians notic$ x4 ,if he skipp$ ?ree days1 all ! _w knew x4 8,only1 let y\r endurance be a f9i%$ product0 7,m(fatt74 ,x comes to t 9 all great a*ievem5ts1 = ! te/ is endurance4 ,! goal is at ! end ( ! race1 :]e ,jesus is ! au?or & f9i%] ( ! fai? :i* we possess 7,heb4 #ab3b74 8,we are become p>tak]s ( ,*ri/1 if we hold 444 firm unto ! end0 7,heb4 #c3ad74 8,b he t endure? to ! end1 ! same %all be sav$0 7,matt4 #bd3ac74 ,pati5ce calls = c\rage2 disc\ragem5t leads to impati5ce & failure4 ,!re is ne$ ( long-suff]+ 7,col4 #a3aa71 if we get ! 8f9i%$ product40 ,! ^w = p]fect "h occurs also 9 ,james #a3ag1 #be2 #c3b4 ,! ^w1 l ! sub/antive1 has a d\ble usage 7cf4 f9is & our end71 ei!r limit or aim4 ,s ! p]fect man may be reg>d$ 9 ! absolute s5se1 ! limit1 z ! p]fect ,man ,*ri/ ,jesus 7,eph4 #d3ac71 or z on ! way to ! goal 7no long] a *ild b a develop$ man1 z 9 #a ,cor4 #b3f2 ,phil4 #c3ae74 8,! p]fect0 7#a ,cor4 #ac3aj7 is /ill to come1 b !re is 8p]fect love0 7#a ,john #d3ah74 ,we are to aim aft] ! p]fection ( ,god himself 7,matt4 #e3dh74 ,paul's ambition 0 to pres5t ea* "o 8p]fect 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus0 7,col4 #a3bh74 ,comp>e also ,colossians #d3ab4 ,"h ,james has 8 eye on ! goal :i* is at ! end ( ! long road4 ,he kn[s full well 7#c3b7 t 9 _m ?+s we all /umble1 b we mu/ p]sev]e4 ,pati5ce mu/ d its 8p]fect "w10 t ye may be 8p]fect40 ,b ,james takes a latitud9al look at ! "w ( pati5ce1 n m]ely ! longitud9al view--! view t ye may be 8entire1 lack+ no?+10 8complete1 ) nev] a defect0 7,m(fatt74 ,?is ^w = entire 7cf4 integ]7 means complete 9 all its p>ts1 :ole1 n uns\nd any:]e4 ,at ! end ( ! race we are to be fully develop$ & s\nd to ! core 9 he>t & limb4 ,! ^w is us$ ( /ones unt\*$ by a tool 7,deut4 #bg3f71 ( a body )\t blemi%4 ,epictetus 7bk4 ,,iii1 *ap4 xxvi1 #be7 uses ! ^w ( a vessel :i* "o f9ds :ole1 unbrok51 & useful4 ,x is us$ ( a complete or unbrok5 h\sehold4 ,9 ! papyri ,philo uses bo? words toge!r1 z ,james does "h4 ,! sub/antive is us$ ( ! 8p]fect s\ndness0 ( ! man j heal$ by ,pet] & ,john 7,acts #c3af74 ,?is adjective occurs ) 8righte\sness0 7,wisd4 #ae3ac7 & 8wor%ip0 or 8religion0 7#d ,macc4 #ag74 ,! adjective is us$ by ,paul 9 8 pray] = ! ,!ssalonians1 8pres]v$ entire1 )\t blame0 7#a ,!ss4 #e3bc74 ,?is is :at ,jesus does = 8 glori\s *ur*1 :i* is to be )\t 8spot or wr9kle or any su* ?+0 7,eph4 #e3bg74 ,jesus1 our ,high ,prie/1 8has p]fect$ = ev] !m t are sanctifi$0 7,heb4 #aj3ad74 ,alas1 ,isaiah 7#a3f7 f\nd ,israel :olly want+ 9 ?is s\ndness4 ,james's ideal is t we %all fall %ort 9 no?+4 ,our de/9y is to dwell 9 ! family ( ,god & to be l ,jesus1 our eld] ,bro!r 7#a ,john #c3b74 ,?is ultimate div9e fulness is n ! self-suffici5cy ( ! /oics4 ,%ortage 9 ,wisdom 7#a3e7 8,defective 9 wisdom10 ,m(fatt puts x4 ,x is ! same ^w t occurs at ! end ( v]se #d4 ,james is fond ( cat*+ up a prec$+ ^w & go+ on ) x1 ev5 if1 z "h1 9 a new s5se4 8,if any ( y lacke? wisdom10 ,james g5tly h9ts4 ,:o is x t does n feel 8 %ortcom+ "h1 at times ) pa9ful int5sity8 ,:at does ,james mean by wisdom8 ,x is m ?an k4 ,x is m ?an m]e intellig5t appreh5sion ( acquir$ k4 ,t5nyson says3 8,k comes1 b wisdom l+]s40 ,james %[s famili>ity ) ! ,wisdom ( ,jesus ! ,son ( ,sira* 7,ecclus47#ej & possibly also ! s-call$ ,wisdom ( ,solomon4 ,c]ta9ly he kn[s ! book ( ,prov]bs4 ,b "h he does n use wisdom 9 a philosophical or my/ical s5se4 ,) ,james wisdom is ! "r use ( "o's opportunities 9 holy liv+4 ,x is liv+ l ,*ri/ 9 accord ) ! w ( ,god4 ,9 #c3ac-ag he gives a =mal discussion ( ! two sorts ( wisdom4 ,b$e sugge/s t we ne$ wisdom to "k h[ to look at trial 9 ! true light4 ,yes1 & we ne$ x to give pati5ce ! *ance to d its p]fect "w4 ,paul uses wisdom 9 ! special s5se ( ,god's wisdom z %[n 9 ! gospel z inf9itely sup]ior to ! wisdom ( ! _w :i* sc\t$ ! cross ( ,*ri/4 8,we speak wisdom among !m t are p]fect0 7! mature1 #a ,cor4 #b3f1 ,,av74 ,9 ! ,old ,te/am5t wisdom is sometimes ! intellig5ce ( ,god 7,prov4 #h3bb-cj74 8,t5 measures ( wisdom came d[n f heav51 & n9e ( !m fell to ! lot ( ! ,holy ,l&0 7,kiddu%im1 #di;b74 ,) ,james ! s\rce ( wisdom is ,god1 n ! ,jews4 ,s !n1 :5 our supply runs %ort1 ask ( ,god4 ,x is l a bank to :i* we g to get our money4 ,god is ! bank] ^: supply ( wisdom nev] gives out4 ,unlike o!r bank]s1 he asks no security save ! "n ( ,jesus4#ea ,t "n gives u full cr$it at ! bank ( heav54 ,on t basis ,god 8gives to all m5 )\t "q or reproa*0 7,m(fatt74 ,we h x express$ z 8lib]ally0 9 ! /&>d v]sions4 ,x is a r difficult ^w to translate into ,engli%4 ,x means simple1 s+lefold1 s9c]e4 ,comp>e ! 8s+le0 eye 9 ,mat!w #f3bb2 ,luke #aa3cd4 ,9 ,romans #ab3h x is n cle> :e!r s+l5ess or lib]ality is ! idea1 b 8lib]ality0 is obvi\sly correct 9 #b ,cor9?ians #h3b1 8! ri*es ( _! lib]ality40 ,s x is 9 #i3aa1 #ac1 b 8s+l5ess ( he>t0 9 ,ephesians #f3e & ,colossians #c3bb4 ,oe/]ley f9ds ! notion ( ,james to be 8s+l5ess ( aim1 ! aim be+ ! imp>t+ ( b5efit )\t requir+ any?+ 9 return40 ,likewise1 ,b5gel int]prets x by simplicit]4 ,ei!r idea makes good s5se1 = surely ,god gives to u all ) s+l5ess ( purpose & also )\t b>ga9+ on ,god's "p1 = !re is no idea ( reciprocity4 8,)\t "q0 7,m(fatt7 sugge/s an und]/&+ ) ,god1 :i* is true4 ,x is ! normal1 natural ?+ = a *ild ( ,god to come to ,god & ask ( him1 = he 8upbraide? n40 ,a fool upbraids1 ! ,son ( ,sira* says 7,ecclus4 #bj3ae74 ,in/ead ( upbraid+ u = ask+1 r we are made to wond] :y we did n ask soon]4 ,god does n *ide u = our folly b gives u good measure ( wisdom to take its place4 ,?is is ! lit]al tru?1 z _m self-confess$ fools ( ! _w are glad to te/ify4 ,!y h left ! folly ( a worldly1 selfi%1 s9ful life = ! ri* joy ( ! s]vice ( ,god 9 ,*ri/4 ,! *ange may come 9 a mom5t1 = aft] all1 ?is new view ( life & ! p[] to live x may be _h = ! ask+4 8,& x %all be giv5 him40 ,x w be giv5 on reque/1 ) no o!r id5tification ?an ! plea ( ! s9n] :o comes 9 ! "n ( ,jesus1 ! 8op5 sesame0 to ! treasures ( heav51 himself ! wisdom ( ,god 7#a ,cor4 #a3cj7 9 :om are all ! treasures ( wisdom & k hidd5 7,col4 #b3c74 ,god does ask ( u t we use ?is wisdom = 8 glory & = ! bless+ ( o!r lives1 ! enri*m5t ( o!r he>ts4 ,d\bt+ ,pray] 7#a3f-h7 ,jesus 7,matt4 #g3g f47 _h urg$ ! disciples to ask1 ) ! promise t ,god w\ld answ]4 ,!re is a condition atta*$ to ! wide-op5 invitation 9 ,james #a3e4 8,b let him ask 9 fai?10 ,james adds4 ,by fai? ,james means n a body ( doctr9e b tru/ 9 ,god1 a work+ confid5ce 9 ,god t leads "o to ask & to expect to receive :at he asks4 ,x is c]ta9 t ,god does n answ] "s pray]s1 at lea/ 9 ! way expect$4 ,"s reque/s ought n to be grant$1 9 fact ought nev] to be made4 ,pray] may be v fooli% z well z v wise4 ,god does n (f] to grant e :im ( a spoil$ & petulant *ild4 ,b assum+ t "o is ask+ = wisdom1 :i* surely is a prop] pray] = anyone to make1 ev5 s he may miss x because he does n ex]cise wisdom 9 ! ask+4 ,he mu/ n *ill ! ardor ( 8 desire by hesitation & d\bt4 ,let him ask1 8no?+ d\bt+40 ,to d\bt is to h a divid$ m9d t draws him two ways1 l ! poor donkey t />v$ because he c\ld n *oose betwe5 ! two /acks ( hay4 ,su* a man is l a wave ( ! sea 78,l a cork float+ on ! wave1 n[ c>ri$ t[>ds ! %ore1 n[ away f x10 ,mayor71 "o ( ! mo/ transitory ?+s imag9able1 driv5 by ! w9d & toss$ into sea foam 7:itecaps7 z if bl[n by a fan or bell[s1 a v]itable 8bra9 /orm0 ( p]plexity & indecision4 ,god does answ] pray]1 b n ! pray] ( a man :o insults ! ,giv] ( :om he asks a favor4 ,timid fai? is q ano!r ?+4 ,t ,jesus honor$1 z 9 ! case ( ! fa!r :o fir/ said1 8,b if ?\ can/ d any ?+0 7,m>k #i3bb74 ,jesus rebuk$ him = 8 8if ?\ can/40 ,!n ! anxi\s fa!r cri$ out3 8,"l1 ,i believe2 help ?\ m9e unbelief40 ,!re are _m difficulties 9 ! way ( tru/ 9 ,god today4 ,sci5ce has left _m m9ds grop+ 9 ! d>k )\t ,god1 feel+ aft] him if haply !y may f9d him1 n kn[+ t he is nigh to ea* ( u4 ,we d n h an abs5tee ,god4 ,he c & does he> ! cry ( 8 *ildr5 = help4 ,if ,,sos c f9d a response ov] ! w9d & ! wave to ! call ( ! s9k+ %ip1 surely x is n /range t ! ,fa!r ( our spirits w he> our call to him4 ,s x w be1 8if ye h fai? & d\bt n10 almo/ ! v words us$ by ,james4 ,jesus _h to rebuke 8 disciples = _! lack ( fai? 7,matt4 #h3bf7 :5 !y ?\ght !y 7 p]i%+ f w9d & wave4 ,& ,simon ,pet] d\bt$ aft] he began to walk on ! wat] & />t$ at once to s9k4 8,o ?\ ( little fai?1 :]e=e did/ ?\ d\bt80 says ,jesus to ,pet] 7,matt4 #ad3ca74 ,pet] _h a divid$ m9d4 8,let n t man ?9k t he %all receive any?+ ( ! ,"l40 ,he does n expect any?+1 & he is n disappo9t$4 ,:at a comm5t>y is ?is s5t5ce ^u ! halfhe>t$ pray+1 ! lack ( int]e/1 ! worldly-m9d$ passive wor%ip ( _m mod]n ,*ri/ians4 ,!re is no wre/l+ ) ,god 9 pray] = victory4 8,d\ble-m9d$ creature t he is1 wav]+ at e turn0 7,m(fatt74 ,! d\ble-m9d$ man is l ! two-fac$ man 7,mr4 ,fac+ ,bo? ,ways74 ,sira* 7#b3ac7 speaks ( ! s9n] com+ to two pa?s & be+ unable to *oose4 ,su* a man p]i%es at ! crossroads4 ,comp>e ,james #d3h = ! only o!r use ( ! ^w 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ?\gh common en\gh else:]e4 ,su* indecision goes into duplicity1 z ,jesus %[s ab\t ! evil eye & ! s+le eye 7,matt4 #f3bb f474 ,x is a mis]able life1 z anyone kn[s :o leads a d\ble life4 ,! d\ble he>t leads to ! d\ble life1 ) its pret5d$ d\ble /&>d ( morals4 ,clem5t ( ,rome says3 8,wret*$ are ! d\ble-m9d$1 :o d\bt 9 _! he>t40 ,no wond] he becomes 8un/able 9 all 8 ways10 n able to /& 9 all 8 go+s4 ,he wobbles & f9ally reels l a drunk5 man4 ,su* incon/ancy w9ds up 9 hypocrisy or ab&onm5t to s94 ,! ,democracy ( ,fai? 7#a3i-aa7 ,james returns to ! keynote ( 8all joy0 7v4 #b7 & uses ! ^w 8glory40 ,! positive note ( exultation is ! m>k ( ! true ,*ri/ian aga9/ ! d\ble-m9d$ man4 ,! pessimi/ is n a repres5tative ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! true optimi/ is n1 h[ev]1 bl9d to ! facts ( life4 ,he c glory 9 ,god 9 ! mid/ ( all sorts ( trials & conditions1 :e!r 9 high or l[ e/ate4 ,8 joy is indep5d5t ( e>?ly e/ate4 ,! 8cott]'s ,saturday night0 may be z happy z ! "o 9 ! ca/le ne>by4 ,class di/9ctions are no cause = pride 9 a spiritual democracy l ! *ur* ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,we ne$ 9 ,*ri/ianity no 8pr9ces ( ! *ur*0 9 ! ,roman ,ca?olic s5se4 ,pride ( rank among ! twelve disciples 0 a s\rce ( grief to ,jesus4 ,! ri* & ! poor are "o 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 & all are poor1 mis]able s9n]s sav$ by grace4 ,john/one#eb calls ?is section 8,ri* ,poor & ,poor ,ri*40 ,t is true & is ! probable int]pretation "h4 ,! humble#ec bro!r may1 aft] all1 be ! ri*e/ man 9 ! *ur*--ri* 9 grace1 9 love1 9 joy1 9 peace1 9 righte\sness1 9 fell[%ip4 ,?is is 88 high e/ate10 :i* rises %e] above hovel or palace4 ,?ank ,god t ?is inf9ite weal? ( ! _s is /ill op5 to ! poor all ov] ! _w :o f9d ! door ( compet5cy clos$ 9 _! faces4 ,! pi\s poor is m ?an a phrase4 ,x is (t5 lit]al fact4 ,! papyri discov]ies#ed be> eloqu5t te/imony to ! words ( ,paul ab\t ! memb]%ip ( ! *ur* at ,cor9? 7#a ,cor4 #a3bf-bi74 ,! papyri lett]s & o!r docum5ts are *iefly f ! middle & l[] classes & reflect ! actual life ( ! v p f :om ! gospel made mo/ ( its conv]ts 7fi%]m51 c>p5t]s1 publicans1 t5tmak]s1 etc474 ,!re 7 already "s weal?y memb]s ( ! e>ly *ur*es1 m5 l ,nicodemus1 ,joseph ( ,arima!a1 ,b>nabas ( ,cyprus4 ,!re 7 8n _m mighty10 b !re 7 "s4 ,!re soon came to be l>ge numb]s ( slaves 9 ! *ur*es :5 ! gospel spread among ! ,g5tiles4 ,b already social problems ( an acute nature 7 on h& :5 ,james wrote4 ,9 fact1 we see su* problems 9 ! e>ly *apt]s ( ,acts1 :5 ,ananias & ,sapphira wi%$ to get cr$it = a g5]osity t !y 7 n will+ to %[ & :5 high feel+ arose 9 ! di/ribution ( ! funds = ! ,aramean 7,pale/9ian7 & ,hell5i/ic wid[s among ! ,jewi% ,*ri/ians4 ,at no po9t are p m s5sitive ?an ab\t money4 ,s ! ri* bro!r is to be rem9d$ ( 8 humiliation1 89 t he is made l[10 plac$ on a level ) ! 8l[ly bro!r40 ,!y meet on ! level 9 ,*ri/4 ,ea* is z high & z l[ z ! o!r--no m1 no less4 ,! ri* man is n to glory ov] ! poor man1 nor is ! poor bro!r to cr+e 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ri* bro!r4 ,?is is ! democracy ( fai?1 ! univ]sality ( ,*ri/4 ,! ri* bro!r is 9 con/ant p]il ( pride ( possession1 & s ,james rem9ds him ( ! fate ( ! beautiful fl[] ( ! grass :i* spr+s up quickly & )]s be=e ! burn+ heat & falls (f4 ,x is a /rik+ adaptation ( ! language ( ,isaiah 7#dj3f-h71 us+ ! imag]y = ano!r purpose4 #a ,pet] #a3bd says3 8,all fle% is z grass1 & all ! glory !re( z ! fl[] ( grass40 ,*ri/ br+s all m5 to _! true level1 ! common humanity 9 u all1 ! son%ip 9 him t makes u heirs ( heav54 ,m(fatt *anges 88 high e/ate0 to 8:5 he is rais$10 & 89 t he is made l[0 to 89 be+ l[]$40 ,he seems to und]/& t ,james ref]s to ! possible ups & d[ns ( life4 ,x w be easy = ! l[ly bro!r 9 t case to rejoice :5 he becomes ri*2 b h[ ab\t ! ri* bro!r :5 he becomes poor8 ,plumm] 79 loco7 refuses to see a 8bro!r0 at all 9 ! ri* man1 b only "o ( ! ri* ,jews :o oppress$ ! e>ly ,*ri/ians1 z 9 ,james #e3a-f4 ,b t gives an ,ebionitic tone to ! epi/le4 ,james does indulge 9 irony1 b he is app>5tly s9c]e 9 8 picture "h4 ,! ri* bro!r w fade away 9 8 go+s1 z if ,james has 9 m9d a salesman ^: bus9ess dries up l a fl[]4 ,ri*es truly h w+s & fly away4 ,!y are sweet l ! rose b soon vani% f u =ev]4 ,,iv ,! ,way ( ,temptation ,james p[]fully sket*es ! natural hi/ory ( temptation if yield$ to & ! glory ( victory if ov]come4 ,! o!r s5se 7temptation7 ( ! ^w us$ = trial 9 #a3b occurs "h4 ,m(fatt inde$ takes trial z ! idea 9 #a3ab also 7s does ,hort 9 loco71 b c]ta9ly 9 v]se #ac we h to say 8temptation40 ,x is mo/ likely t ! idea ( temptation is pres5t 9 #a3ab4 ,"h ,james returns to ! discussion ( ! o!r side ( ! bless+ ( trials1 namely1 ! bless+ ( temptation endur$4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 he has n really digress$ f ! subject4 ,he m]ely discusses "o aspect4 ,/&+ ! ,te/ 7#a3ab7 8,bless$ is ! man t endure? temptation40 ,we mu/ nev] =get t ,jesus w>n$ u aga9/ ru%+ into temptation1 n m]ely 9 ! ,"l's ,pray] 7,matt4 #f3ac2 ,luke #aa3d7 b also 9 ! agony ( ,ge?semane1 :5 ,satan _h come ^u him ) r5ew$ en]gy 9 spite ( repeat$ defeats by ,jesus s9ce ! wild]ness temptations 7,matt4 #bf3da2 ,luke #bb3dj74 ,jesus urg$ ! disciples to pray to be sp>$ temptation4 ,no "o knew s well z he ! p[] ( ! evil "o4 ,he _h wre/l$ ) him to ! end & _h conqu]$ :]e o!rs fail$4 ,temptation is n to be c\rt$1 n ev5 = ! sake ( ! exp]i5ce & ! possible victory4 ,too _m g d[n 9 ! /ruggle = any to ru% into x lightly4 8,fools ru% 9 :]e angels fe> to tread40 ,b if temptation is ?ru/ ^u "o1 !n he mu/ fight & w9 z ,jesus did4 ,!re is always a way ( escape 7#a ,cor4 #aj3ac74 ,we mu/ f9d ! way out4 ,comp>e ,job #e3ag3 8,behold1 happy is ! man :om ! ,"l correcte?40 ,he only is happy 7! same ^w us$ 9 ! ,beatitudes 9 ,matt4 #e3c-aa7 :o endures4 ,t is true pati5ce4 ,x is only 8:5 he ha? be5 approv$0 aft] /&+ ! te/ t 8he %all receive ! cr[n ( life10 ! victor's cr[n4 ,! ^w = approv$ sugge/s ! furnace t removes ! dross & leaves ! pure metal4 ,! ref9] ( silv] wat*es1 we are told1 till he sees 8 own image 9 ! metal4 ,!n x is pure4 ,! metal is te/$ & approv$4 8,! cr[n ( life0 7cf4 ,rev4 #b3aj7 is probably ! wrea? ( victory 9 ! games 7cf4 #a ,cor4 #i3be2 #b ,tim4 #b3e71 = ,greek games 7 common 9 ,pale/9e 9 ! days ( ,h]od ! ,great & 7 practic$ ev5 9 ,j]usalem itself 7,josephus1 ,ant4 #ae1 #h1 #a f474 ,x is a cr[n ( k+ly glory1 b x is be/[$ z rew>d ( m]it to ^? :o love ! ,"l ,jesus4 ,we may h a ref]5ce to a ,logion ( ,jesus n pres]v$ 9 :i* he makes ?is promise3 8,bless$ is he :o ha? 8 raim5t :ite1 = he x is :o receive? ! cr[n ( joy ^u 8 head40#ee ,9 ,prov]bs #a3i we read t ! in/ruction ( fa!r & "m 8%all be a *aplet ( grace unto ?y head40 ,9 ,sira* #ae3f we read ( 8a cr[n ( gladness10 & 9 ! ,te/imony ( ! ,twelve ,patri>*s 7,levi iv4 #a7 we f9d 8cr[ns ( glory40 ,love is ! way to w9 ?is cr[n--love & ! pro( ( x 9 endur+ temptation & lead+ 8! :ite life40 ,blam+ ,god 7#a3ac7 ,:atev] d\bt exi/s 9 v]se #ab ab\t trial or temptation vani%es 9 v]se #ac4 ,"h x is cle>ly temptation to evil4 ,hort 79 loco7 sugge/s 8tempt$ by trial10 & ,m(fatt puts x 8tri$ by temptation40 ,c]ta9ly trial becomes a temptation to "s m5 :o use x z ! excuse = do+ wrong4 8,?\gh trial 9 itself is ord]$ by ,god = our good1 yet ! inn] solicitation to evil :i* is ar\s$ by ! out] trial is f ourselves0 7,mayor74 ,any trial wrongly us$ may become a temptation1 :]eas x 0 meant = our developm5t & p]fection4 ,temptation is m]ely "o aspect ( trial & n a necess>y "o4 ,b ! ^w is us$ ( ! great tempt] 7#a ,!ss4 #c3e74 ,s ,jesus 0 tempt$ by ,satan 9 ! wild]ness 7,m>k #a3ac74 ,satan desir$ to sift ! apo/les z :eat1 to ru9 !m if possible 7,luke #bb3ca74 ,! ,ph>isees & ! ,sadducees s\ght to tempt ,jesus 7,matt4 #ae3a74 ,x is ! devil's bus9ess to seek to lure ano!r into wrong4 ,:5 a man is tempt$ & yields to ! temptation1 he is eag] to blame someone else = 8 s94 ,if he _c d o!rwise1 he w blame ,god = hav+ made him z he is1 ) evil possibilities4 ,9 p>ticul> is ?is true ( sexual s91 :i* ,oe/]ley 79 loco7 ?9ks ,james has specifically 9 m9d "h4 ,comp>e ,mat!w #e3bh2 #a ,pet] #b3aa4 ,adam blam$ ,eve1 & ,eve ! s]p5t4 ,& ev5 ,adam blam$ ,god1 = he said3 8,! woman :om ?\ gave/ to be ) me0 7,g54 #c3ab74 ,"s d>e to say 9 s _m words3 8,i am tempt$ ( ,god40 ,!y hold ,god responsible = _! appetites & passions & seek to quiet ! consci5ce ?us :ile !y give way to s94 ,o!rs hide beh9d h]$ity1 environm5t1 or evil companions4 ,ev5 ,agamemnon excus$ himself = 8 wrong to ,a*illes by hold+ ,zeus & fate responsible4 ,sira* 7#ae3aa f47 says3 8,say n ?\1 ,x is ?r\gh ! ,"l t ,i fell away40 ,! orig9 ( s9 is a d>k problem1 b x is a lazy philosophy or a bl9d "o t %irks human responsibility1 or tries to d x4 ,x matt]s n :e!r s9 is ! remnant ( ! bea/ 9 u 7surely "s m5 act at times l ! tig]7 or ! response to evil environm5t or bo?1 we are m]ely c[>dly :5 we blame ,god = our own wrongdo+4 ,!re is no response to evil 9 ,god4 ,he is n 8man's giant %ad[ skyw>d ?r[n40 ,! absolute hol9ess & e?ical purity ( ,god %\ld at lea/ protect him f ! *>ge ( lead+ u into s94 ,! wor/ ( m51 9 _! d>ke/ mom5ts ( lonel9ess1 sometimes come face to face ) ,god4 ,!n !y d n flippantly blame ,god b confess _! s9s ) brok5 he>t4 ,two ?+s are true ab\t evil & ,god4 ,"o is t ,god himself tempts no man to s94 ,he does s5d trial b n temptation4 ,we may n und]/& all ! ways ( ,god's provid5ce1 b we may re/ secure 9 ?is3 ,! devil does tempt u4 ,t is 8 bus9ess4 ,& yet ,james does n ref] to ,satan by "n "h1 = aft] all1 we ourselves are responsible1 z he proce$s to %[4 ,x does n help matt]s ) u any m ?an x did ) ,eve to lay our s9 ^u ! devil4 ,! o!r ?+ t is true is t ,god _c be tempt$ ) evil4 ,he _c be tempt$ to d evil himself or be l$ to tempt o!rs ) evil4 ,! phrase does n occur else:]e 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t or 9 ! ,septuag9t1 b x is a p>aphrase ( a common prov]b 9 ! e>ly ,*ri/ian writ+s4#ef ,god does *a/ise u 7,heb4 #ab3d f471 b he does n tempt u4 ,all ?is is 9 /rong contra/ to ! ,greek & ,roman notions ( duty1 = ! hea!n gods 7 cr$it$ ) all human & ev5 inhuman vices4 ,! gods ^u ,olympus revel 9 lu/ & cruelty1 jeal\sy & hate4 ,!y furni% fit ideals = ! philosophy ( ,nietzs*e b d n accord ) ! ,god ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ! ,god ( consolation & ( peace1 ( purity & love4 ,sn>$ by ,"o's ,own ,bait 7#a3ad7 ,! man himself is responsible = 8 s91 & he ne$ n seek to place ! blame else:]e4 ,! temptation is n a temptation to him if he refuses to li/5 to ! sir5's voice4 ,! man is n responsible = ! ef=ts ( o!rs to allure him to s9 b only 9 case he li/5s & yields4 ,!n he is really tempt$ 8:5 he is drawn away by 8 own lu/1 & entic$40 ,! figure is v bold & impressive4 ,! ^w = 8drawn away0 is us$ 9 ,oppian = draw+ ! fi% out f its orig9al retreat1 beguil+ x f "u ! rock4 ,!n ! fi% is ready to be sn>$ by ! bait4 ,! fi% bites at ! bait & is caught on ! hook4 ,s ) a man4 ,he is drawn out by 8 own lu/ = ! s9 plac$ be=e him4 ,9 ! case ( sexual s9 ! impulse is n 9 itself s9ful any m ?an ! fi%'s hung] = food4 ,! sexual nature is f ,god & is meant only = bless+ = high & holy ends4 ,b ! misuse ( ?is impulse is v easy & v dreadful 9 its results4 ,satan sets _m k9ds ( bait = unw>y boys & girls1 m5 & wom51 :o at fir/ are tak5 (f _! gu>d & !n are drawn away by desire /irr$ )9 !m t[>d evil4 ,! evil sugge/ion is ent]ta9$1 & s9 is ! outcome4 ,?is v ^w 8entice0 is us$ ( hunt+ 7trapp+ ) bait71 & !n x is us$ ( ! h>lot :o entices to s94 8,my son1 if s9n]s entice !e1 cons5t ?\ n0 7,prov4 #a3aj74 ,philo speaks ( our be+ 8driv5 by passion or entic$ by pleasure40 ,! pitfalls are _m 9 mod]n life--9 ! c\ntry1 9 ! village1 & 9 ! city4 ,! mod]n demons ( dr9k1 drug1 & ! bro!l are busy 9 f9d+ victims4 ,b ! po9t made by ,james is t ! "o :o yields does s because ( ! s9 )9 8 own he>t4 ,a p]son's own evil desire plays ! "p ( temptress 7,plumm]71 & he is drawn away by x & entic$4 8,if ?\ doe/ n well1 s9 c\*e? at ! door0 7,g54 #d3g7 l a pan!r ready to spr+ ^u ! int5d$ victim caught = ! mom5t (f gu>d4 ,"o is rem9d$ afre% ( ! op5+ *apt]s ( ,prov]bs1 :i* _c be excell$ by any ( ! mod]n books on sex in/ruction1 "s ( :i* /imulate m immorality ?an !y prev5t4 ,wise w>n+ is ne$$ & pla9 talk is dem&$1 b n pruri5cy any m ?an prud]y4 ,alas1 t ! paw ( ! mod]n ,molo* draws into ! fire s _m ?\s&s ( "y m5 & wom5 f ! homes ( our l&4 ,! be/ capital ( ,am]ica is ! *ildr51 & we lose too mu* ( x 9 ! wor/ ( gambles--! traffic 9 s\ls4 ,! ,abortion 7#a3ae7 ,! natural hi/ory ( s9 z ! result ( temptation to :i* "o yields is giv5 ) sci5tific accuracy & graphic p[]3 8,!n ! lu/1 :5 x ha? conceiv$1 be>e? s93 & ! s91 :5 x is fullgr[n1 br+e? =? dea?40 ,m(fatt r5d]s x ?us3 8,!n ,desire conceives & bre$s ,s91 :ile ,s9 matures & gives bir? to ,dea?40 ,x is a gruesome picture surely4 ,b :o c say t x is ov]drawn8 ,! positivi/ tries to %ut ,god out ( ! _w & s to bani% human responsibility2 b alas1 he _c bani% human woe & angui% ( he>t4 ,! agno/ic fl+s up 8 h&s 9 despair & says he does n "k & has no?+ to say 9 ! pres5ce ( nature1 8r$ 9 too? & claw40 ,! brutal milit>i/ adopts ! rule ( physical might wrongly claim$ by ,nietzs*e to be ! m>k ( ! sup]man4 ,spiritual & moral pr[ess %\ld dom9ate brute =ce 9 man1 else he becomes only a brute himself4 ,he drops back to ! law ( ! jungle & rejects ! law ( love 9 ! k+dom ( heav54 ,! ,*ri/ian ,sci5ti/ bl&ly %uts 8 eyes to su* errors ( mortal m9d z s9 & sickness & sorr[ &1 o/ri*-l1 *e]fully d5ies _! reality & seeks to bl[ !m away ) a puff4 ,b s9 is n to be bru%$ aside 9 ?is way4 ,! words ( ?is v]se call = p>ticul> rem>k4 8,!n0 is "h ! hi/orical ord] foll[+ ! temptation to :i* "o yields4 ,8 lu/ drew him =? to ! temptation4 ,he yields1 & ! result is ! conception2 ! embryo develops into s94 ,?is is ! fir/ bir?1 & s9 is ! *ild ( desire4 ,desire is n 9 itself s9ful1 b x easily falls into s94 ,?us 9 a true s5se desire makes s9 :]e !re 0 no s9 & s gives bir? to s94 ,b ?is is n all4 ,s9 9 its turn matures & gives bir? to dea?4#eg ,?is second *ild is l a *ild born dead4 ,:5 s9 is born1 dea? is involv$ l an embryonic p>asite t fe$s on s94 ,desire1 s91 dea? =m ! biological l9e ( p$igree4 ,! l9e is %ort1 = 8! wages ( s9 is dea?10 z ,paul puts x 7,rom4 #f3bc74eh ,! picture 9 ,james is t ( an abnormal bir? l a mis%ap5 animal4 ,i h se5 a five-legg$ c[1 ! fif? leg on ! top ( ! back /&+ up /raight4 ,:5 s9 is born1 dea? beg9s 7conception7 & gr[s 9 fasc9at+ p[] till a new bir? comes2 & lo1 ?is *ild is dea? itself4 8,! bir? ( dea? foll[s ( necessity :5 once s9 is fully =m$1 = s9 f its fir/ beg9n+s c>ri$ dea? )90 7,hort1 9 loco74 ,! law ( dea? 9 s9 applies to o!r s9s besides ! s-call$ sexual s9s :i* write _! hi/ory s pla9ly 9 ! body & ! m9d & br+ a h]itage ( woe ?r\gh all ! family hi/ory4 ,!re is "h no s[+ ( wild oats to raise a crop ( :eat4 ,! fe>ful fidelity ( mod]n sci5tific k ?r[s a lurid light on ?is passage 9 ,james4 ,! s9n] makes 8 b$ & lies d[n 9 x & drags d[n ) him ! helpless ones :o are ?r[n 9 8 c>e4 ,z ,i am writ+ ,i receive a copy ( ,light1 a magaz9e publi%$ by ! ,_w's ,purity ,f$]ation4 ,! issue = ,novemb]1 #aiad1 conta9s an article by a woman :o has liv$ 8tw5ty-five ye>s 9 ! und]world40 ,h] /ory reads l a comm5t>y on ! words ( ,james4 ,%e claims to h _h ! be/ ( t sordid life1 b %e concludes3 8,no matt] :at humiliation a girl has to endure1 x is bett] to endure x ?an to get into ?is life4 ,!re is no?+ 9 x = any ( !m4 ,! v be/ ( u get x h>d be=e we die4 ,&1 at ! be/1 x is ,hell40 ,! issue ( dea? is se5 n m]ely 9 ! diseases ( ! body b 8also 9 ! det]ioration ( m9d & "* :i* accompanies e k9d ( s90 7,mayor1 9 loco74 ,dea? & hell !n claim _! own4 ,god1 ! ,s\rce ( ,good 7#a3af f47 ,! contra/ is %>p4 8,be n deceiv$02 d n w&] s 9 y\r m9ds z to ?9k t temptation & s9 & dea? come f ,god4 ,he is n ! s\rce ( evil4 ,rabbi ,*an9ah says3 8,no evil ?+ come? d[n f above40 ,note ,jesus 9 ,john #h3bc on 8above0 & 8bel[40 ,james is t5d]ly affectionate 9 8 appeal on ?is po9t--8my belov$ bre?r540 ,on ! contr>y1 only good comes f ,god4 ,god is good1 & he alone is absolutely good 7,m>k #aj3ah74ei ,9 ! ,greek ! next s5t5ce runs l a hexamet] l9e if "o %ort syllable is consid]$ long by /ress ( ! met]4#fj ,we ne$ n t>ry ov] a fanciful /ra9+ aft] poetical l9es 9 prose4 ,oe/]ley agrees ) ,ewald 9 see+ "h a quotation f a ,hell5i/ic poem4 ,x is f> m likely j accid5tal rhy?m common en\gh 9 good prose4 ,! s*ol>s diff] also z to h[ to translate ! s5t5ce4 ,m(fatt has x3 8,all we are giv5 is good1 & all our end[m5ts are faultless40 8,! ,fa!r ( lights0 sets ,god ov] aga9/ ! wor%ip ( ! sun s common among ! anci5ts4 ,plato 7,repub4 vi4 #eje ff47 comp>es ! sun to ! idea ( ! good4 ,mod]n sci5ce p[]fully illu/rates ?is comp>ison ( ,james 9 br++ out :at we owe to ! sun 9 ! way ( light1 heat1 & life itself4 ,philo calls ,god 8! ,fa!r ( ! all10 ! lights 7! moon & ! />s7 & all else 9 ! univ]se4 8,:5 ,i consid] ?y heav5s1 ! "w ( ?y f+]s1 ! moon & ! />s1 :i* ?\ ha/ orda9$2 :at is man1 t ?\ art m9dful ( him8 & ! son ( man1 t ?\ visite/ him80 7,psalm #h3c f474 ,comp>e ,philippians #b3ae4 ,god is n only light 7#a ,john #a3e71 b all true light comes f him--all ! light t lights e man com+ into ! _w 7,john #a3i74 ,b ! sun appe>s to move rapidly4 ,wat* ! sun drop l a ball ( fire at sunset & ?us ca/ a deep5+ %ad[ ov] ! e>?4 ,! sundial is "o ( ! olde/ ways to m>k 8! %ad[ t is ca/ by turn+40 ,mayor quotes ,plut>* 7,p]cl4 #g7 = ! use ( ?is figure = %ad[s ca/ on ! dial4 ,james is "h1 ( c\rse1 us+ popul> language1 z we /ill d :5 we say t ! sun rises & sets4 ,b ) our ,fa!r ( lights !re is 8no *ange ( ris+ & sett+0 7,m(fatt74 ,he 8ca/s no %ad[ on ! e>?40 ,ev5 ! pole/>1 we n[ "k1 :irls on 9 space1 c>ry+ ! worlds along ) x4 ,b our ,god is n *angeable or :imsical4 ,he does n s5d n[ good1 n[ ill4 ,he kn[s h[ to give good gifts to ^? t ask him1 yea1 ! be/ ( all gifts1 ! ,holy ,_s 7,luke #aa3ac74 ,:at seems ill is really good if x comes f ,god4 ,if "o takes 8 /& by ,god's side & looks at 8 life1 he sees ,god's plan z a :ole = 8 own life & = ,god's glory4 ,! ,new ,bir? 7#a3ah7 8,s f> f ,god tempt+ u to evil1 8 w is ! cause ( our reg5]ation0 7,mayor74 ,he is our ,fa!r 9 a d\ble s5se4 ,we owe our orig9al bir? to ,god1 9 ^: image we are made 7,g54 #b3g74 ,we owe our spiritual bir? likewise to ,god1 :o begat u aga9 to a liv+ hope 7#a ,pet] #a3c74 ,! ,mi%nah 7,sur5h41 iv4 #aaf7 says3 8,a man's fa!r only br\ght him =? into ?is _w3 8 tea*]1 :o taught him wisdom1 br+s him into ! life ( ! _w to come40 ,happy is ! fa!r :o leads 8 *ild also to ,*ri/4 ,b :ile ! ^w ( tru? is ! in/rum5t us$ 9 ! in/ruction 7a po9t$ lesson = p>5ts1 tea*]s1 prea*]s71 ! actual "w ( reg5]ation is due to ,god z ,fa!r1 yes1 & z ,"m also1 = ! ^w 8br\ght =?0 is ! "o us$ ( ! "m 7see by contra/ v4 #ae74 ,! doctr9e ( grace "h set =? is ( a piece ) t 9 ,paul's writ+s 7,rom4 #ab3b2 ,eph4 #a3e71 ^? ( ,pet] 7#a ,pet] #a3c71 & ( ,john 7#a3ac74 ,inde$1 ,jesus himself is quot$ z say+3 8,ye did n *oose me1 b ,i *ose y0 7,john #ae3af74 ,z ! se$ ( s9 produces dea?1 s ! se$ ( ,god produces life 7#a ,john #c3i74 ,x is int]e/+ to note ?is piece ( fundam5tal !ology 9 s practical a writ] z ,james1 :o lays special emphasis on works z pro( ( life4 ,b ,james has no su* idea z "s c>eless & %all[ !ologians :o ?9k t a man c galvanize himself into spiritual life by imitative e?ics4 ,! man mu/ be born aga91 z ,jesus said s impressively to ,nicodemus 7,john #c3c74 ,! miracle ( bir? mu/ prec$e gr[? & developm5t4 ,we are n to puzzle ourselves too mu* ov] ! my/]ies ( spiritual biology4 ,we "k t ! impulse & purpose#fa come f ,god 7,john #a3ac74 ,:at we d "k is t ,god honors & uses ! ^w ( tru?1 bo? spok5 & writt54 ,if ?is is true1 :at a responsibility belongs to u = dilig5ce & urg5cy 9 ! use ( ! ^w ( tru?4 ,by ! tru? we are set free f s9 & error 7,john #h3ca f474 ,! ^w ( tru? is ! gospel ( salvation 7,eph4 #a3ac2 ,col4 #a3e71 ! ^w ( life 7#a ,john #a3a74 ,god's ^w is tru? 7,john #ag3ag71 & ! words ( ,jesus are _s & life 7,john #f3fc74 ,! ^w ( tru?1 :5 comb9$ ) ! p[] ( ,god 7#b ,cor4 #f3g71 quick5s into life4 ,s ,james emphasizes ! importance ( ! human elem5t 9 ! new bir?1 :ile rightly mak+ ,god supreme 9 ! act ( reg5]ation4 ,we mu/ rea* m5 ) ! ^w ( ,god4 ,we mu/ pass x on to ! ?ir/y1 ! hungry1 ! dy+4 ,e *ur* is1 or ought to be1 a lifesav+ /ation1 a rescue mission1 a tea*+ c5t]1 a p[]h\se1 a ligh?\se radiat+ k ( ,god 9 ,*ri/4 ,! purpose ( ,god 9 r5ew+ u by ! ^w ( tru? is t we 9 turn %\ld w9 o!rs4 ,we are n an end 9 ourselves1 ?\gh ,god does save u4 ,he saves u t we may s]ve4 ,we are to be a sort ( fir/ fruits1#fb n ! full h>ve/4 ,!re are fields ^u fields beyond u ready = ! reap]4 ,we are j a beg9n+1 j a =eta/e4 ,we :et ! appetite = l>g]1 ri*] bless+s4 8,! trees t are a =tnight to ! =e are ! talk & delight ( ! t[n40#fc ,"o spr+ my baby boy notic$ a tree )\t leaves :5 all ! re/ 7 9 leaf4 8,:at is ! matt] ) ?is tree80 he ask$4 ,*ri/ has introduc$ a new ord] into ! _w4 ,he himself is ! real fir/ fruits 7#a ,cor4 #ae3bj74 ,b !re are o!rs ?r\gh all ! ages--^? t rip5 fir/ & fa/1 %[ ! way1 give promise ( ! future4 ,s ,epa5etus 0 a fir/ fruits ( ,asia = ,*ri/ 7,rom4 #af3e72 ! h\sehold ( ,/ephanas 0 9 ,cor9? 7#a ,cor4 #af3ae74 ,bless+s re/ on ! fir/ fruits = salvation 9 any *ur*1 any t[n1 any family4 ,!y are ! *os5 ( ,god1 l ! #add1jjj 9 ! book ( ,revelation 7#ad3c71 ! *ur* ( ! fir/born 7,heb4 #ab3bc74 ,! ,jews consecrat$ _! fir/ fruits to ,god z 8 9 a special s5se4 ,all ,*ri/ians are meant to be fir/ fruits1 ! promise & e>ne/ ( bett] "w 7,rom4 #h3bc74 ,god has 9 /ore great ?+s = 8 p4 ,! lea/ t we c d is to br+ our fir/ & our be/1 our all1 & lay x at ! feet ( ,jesus4 ,! new heav5 & ! new e>? may n come :ile we live on e>?1 b we may help heav5 to come ^u e>? by liv+ ! life ( ,god4 ,v ,! ,practice ( ! ,^w ( ,god ,n[h]e is ,james ri*] ?an 9 ?is wond]ful p>agraph 9 v]ses #ai-bg ( ! fir/ *apt]4 ,he has 9 m9d 8! ^w ( tru?0 ( v]se #ah & foll[s t idea ) pung5t & p[]ful words t rem9d "o ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt4 ,x is n cle> :e!r ! fir/ "p ( v]se #ai belongs 9 idea to :at goes be=e or :at foll[s4 8,ye "k ?is1 my belov$ bre?r540 ,x makes p]fectly good s5se ei!r way4 ,x is also unc]ta9 :e!r we h a /atem5t or a comm&1 = ! =m may be ei!r indicative or imp]ative4 ,if y "k x1 act on y\r k4 ,let u li/5 to :at ! ,^w has to say1 s9ce we are r5ew$ by ! use ( x1 & be less capti\s 9 our criticism ( its tea*+s 7,mayor74 ,m(fatt puts x1 8,be sure ( t1 my belov$ bro!rs10 & connects x ) v]se #ah4 ,brilliant ,li/5+ 7#a3ai;a7 ,by 8swift to he>0 ,james br+s a vivid picture be=e u4 ,m(fatt has x 8quick to li/540 ,sira* 7#e3aa7 has a l comm&3 8,be swift 9 ?y li/5+40 ,"o ?9ks ( fleet ( foot1 yes1 & ( e>4 ,! ,vulgate has velox "h4 ,! wild animals 7& ! ,indians7 ( necessity h ke5 e>s & c he> ! slighte/ ru/le ( a leaf or crackl+ ( a twig4 ,! rabbit1 s (t5 hunt$ by man & dog1 pricks up 8 e>s at ! s\nd ( a p9 dropp+4 ,! use ( ! telephone & radio h giv5 add$ importance to ! value ( ! e>4 ,! anci5ts reli$ v mu* on ! e>1 = ! read] ( books _h a wide-awake audi5ce :o dep5d$ on ! e> r ?an ! eye = in=mation4 ,! me*anism ( li/5+ is v wond]ful1 ! contact betwe5 bra9 & bra9 ?r\gh ! s\nd waves ( spee* & ! reception ( ! spok5 words by ! e>4 ,jesus (t5 said3 8,he t ha? e>s to he>1 let him he>40 ,! e> ) _m 01 & is1 ! sole av5ue ( acquir+ k4 ,x is no disp>agem5t ( books to say t ! art ( conv]sation is "o ( ! greate/ ref9em5ts4 ,b ! v ess5ce ( a good conv]sationali/ is t he be also a good li/5]2 else he is a consummate bore4 ,sydney ,smi? said ( ,macaulay t 8 occasional fla%es ( sil5ce made 8 conv]sation delightful4 ,9 ,qohele? ,rabba we read3 8,spee* = a %ekel1 sil5ce = two1 x is l a preci\s /one40 ,broadus _h a great lecture on 8,! ,art ( ,li/5+40 ,x is a really r>e art & "o ( ! mo/ useful4 ,poor li/5+ w make poor prea*+ ( a really good s]mon4 ,good li/5+ w come ne> to mak+ a good s]mon out ( a poor "o4 ,! writ] ( ,hebrews compla9s t 8 read]s h become dull ( he>+4 ,! ^w 8dull0 means no pu%4 ,!y _h no pu% 9 _! e>s1 no en]gy 9 li/5+1 7 already half asleep4 ,9 p>ticul> d we ne$ to li/5 :5 ,god speaks to u 9 8 ,^w ( tru?1 to h 8a quick & att5tive e> to cat* :at ,god has spok50 7,hort74 ,inatt5tion is irritat+ & may be deadly4 ,sira* says3 8,! m9d ( a sagaci\s p]son w m$itate on a prov]b2 & an att5tive e> is ! desire ( a wise man0 7#c3bi74 ,god is con/antly speak+ to ^? ) e>s to he>4 ,x is good = ! "y to le>n ! habit ( att5tion1 a help 9 meet+ temptation4 ,eloqu5t ,sil5ce 7#a3ai;b7 ,ano!r life rule ( ,james 7,w9dis*7 is 8sl[ to speak40 ,"o mu/ n =get ,hom]'s 8w+$ words10 = words c be lad5 ) messages ( joy & life & peace & love4 ,eloqu5ce has its place1 real eloqu5ce ( ! s\l--words on fire t blaze & burn1 words t ?rill & electrify1 words t make life & dea? noble & high1 words l ^? ( ,jesus t are _s & life 7,john #f3fc74 ,b :5 all is said1 !re is some?+ deep] ?an m]e spee*1 high] ?an j words1 nobl] ?an talk4 ,if spee* is silv]n1 sil5ce is (t5 gold54 ,sorr[ may be too unutt]able = words4 ,joy may pass beyond all spee*4 ,! prov]b also has x t 8_m a man has _h to rep5t ( speak+1 b nev] "o ( hold+ 8 peace10 unless sil5ce is guilty or c[>dly4 ,b x is easy to be voluble ) ! tongue & slack 9 life4 ,sira* says3 8,be n viol5t ) ?y tongue1 & 9 ?y de$s slack & remiss40 ,volubility is c]ta9ly n a sign ( p[]4 ,! sil5t man1 l ,moses1 is m likely to be a man ( p[] & p]=mance4 ,! p>rot & ! owl =m good examples ( ! weakness ( *att] & ! wisdom ( sil5ce4 ,z5o calls att5tion to ! obvi\s fact t we h two e>s & "o m\? & %\ld !re=e li/5 twice z mu* z we talk4 ,james does n1 ( c\rse1 mean t m5 %\ld be sl[ & dull talk]s aft] !y beg9 to talk4 ,he means sl[ to talk1 n sl[ 9 talk+4 ,(t5 ! lea/ int]e/+ m5 are ! v ones :o talk mo/ frequ5tly & at ! greate/ l5g?4 ,we are to ?9k twice be=e we speak4 ,sometimes1 if we d t1 we %all n speak at all4 ,at any rate1 we %all be m likely to h s5se 9 our spee*4 ,we %all speak to m purpose if we speak aft] sil5ce & out ( ! reflection f sil5ce4 ,mc,laren has a good phrase1 8,spread out our s\ls to ! tru?40 8,be /ill1 & "k t ,i am ,god40 ,m>y 8kept all ^! say+s1 pond]+ !m 9 h] he>t0 7,luke #b3ai74 ,%e c\ld only li/5 to ,god4 ,! ,quak]s h "s gr\nd = _! plea = m$itation 9 ! ,*ri/ian life4 ,introspection c1 ( c\rse1 be ov]done1 b ! pres5t age is n giv5 to reflection & contemplation4 ,practical my/icism is ! be/ type ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,inde$1 ,*ri/ianity )\t my/icism is empty & =mal4 ,x is q possible 7,john/one7 t ! free conv]sational /yle employ$ 9 ! e>ly ,*ri/ian meet+s 0 tak5 advantage ( by cont5ti\s p]sons1 ) ! result ( s]i\s wrangl+s1 z 9 ! *ur* at ,cor9? 7cf4 #a ,cor4 #ad74 8,9 ! multitude ( words !re wante? n transgression2 b he t refra9e? 8 lips doe? wisely0 7,prov4 #aj3ai74 ,su* viol5t talk]s break up ! spiritual life ( a *ur*4 ,! less !y "k1 ! m !y talk4 ,!y h positive op9ions on e subject ( politics or religion4 ,!y "k h[ _! neighbors %\ld act 9 ! smalle/ details & criticize ev]ybody & ev]y?+4 ,!y are happie/ :5 all is agog ) talk ( "s sort2 & ! m gossipy x is1 ! bett] !y l x4 8,!y _c ?9k1 & x is a relief to !m to he> _! own voices0 7,dale74 ,epictetus 7,en*4 xxxiii1 #e7 has ! same idea z ,james3 8,let !re be sil5ce = ! mo/ "p or let t :i* is necess>y be said 9 few words40 ,dull ,ang] 7#a3ai;c f47 ,! ?ird life rule ( ,james is 8sl[ to wra?40 ,!re is a cle> connection betwe5 spee* & ang]4 ,ang] inflames "o to ha/y & ungu>d$ talk4 ,9 turn1 ! words act z fuel to ! flames4 ,! talk inflames ! ang]1 & ! ang] inflames ! talk4 ,! m "o talks1 ! angri] he becomes--l a spitfire4 ,if "o /ops talk+1 8 ang] w cool d[n = lack ( fuel4 ,m5 :o are dull en\gh 9 li/5+1 :o w sleep ?r\gh any s]mon1 are quick to res5t a p]sonal reflection or an imag9$ wrong4 ,(t5 "o's manhood is gaug$ by 8 quickness to av5ge a p]sonal affront1 ) murd] z ! outcome4 ,?is is a f9e place to be dull1 :5 "o is tempt$ to be angry4 ,ang] is sometimes ju/ifiable1 ev5 necess>y4 ,!re is su* a ?+ z righte\s indignation aga9/ wrong4 ,jesus 8look$ r\nd ab\t on !m ) ang]0 7,m>k #c3e71 b x 0 compassionate ang]4 ,x is possible to be angry & s9 n 7,eph4 #d3bf71 b we mu/ n let ! sun g d[n ^u our wra?4 ,unlike ,god1 we d n "k all ! circum/ances 9 ! case4 ,gett+ mad is n promot+ ! k+dom ( ,god4 8,! wra? ( man worke? n ! righte\sness ( ,god40 7,comp>e ,mat!w #e3ba f47 ,! euphemi/ic phrase ( ,james is emphatic by its v mildness4 ,man's wra? is set ov] aga9/ ,god's righte\sness4 ,! gr[? ( religion & ( civilization is m>k$ by ! self-re/ra9t ( ! individual & ( ! /ate4 ,v5geance is a boom]ang 9 mo/ in/ances4 ,! tak+ ( v5geance into "o's own h&s br+s d[n ! h\se on "o's head4 ,n only is unhapp9ess br\ght to o!rs2 immeasurable h>m is done 9 "o's own life4 ,at any rate1 x pays e man & e nation to be sl[ to ang]4 ,boys1 fly+ kites1 haul 9 _! :ite-w+$ birds2 ,y c't d t way1 :5 y're fly+ words4 ,?\ghts1 unexpress$1 may sometimes fall back dead1 ,b ,god himself c't kill !m once !y're said4 ,sometimes unpalatable tru? has to be spok51 h>d words h to be said4 8,am ,i become y\r enemy by tell+ y ! tru?80 7,gal4 #d3af74 ,b ! prea*] ne$s to temp] rebuke ) love & angui% ( s\l4 ,! ,root$ ,^w 7#a3ba7 8,! implant$ ^w0 is probably a mi/ranslation4 ,! common idea ( ! ^w is 8inborn0 or 8innate0 7cf4 ,wisd4 #ab3aj1 8_! wick$ness is inborn074 ,! ^w is occasionally us$ = second nature or second>y +r[? 7,hort74 ,! ^w is s[n1 n graft$1 & s 8root$0 seems to be ! mean+ "h 7,mayor74 ,see also ,romans #f3e1 8unit$ ) him 9 ! lik5ess ( 8 dea?40 ,! figure is t ( ! se$ s[n 9 ! he>t & tak+ root & gr[+ !re4 ,s ,jesus spoke ( ! man :o _h no root 9 himself 7,matt4 #ac3ba74 ,receive ! root$ ^w2 b be=e do+ s1 "o mu/ cleanse ! he>t l a g>d5 ( all noxi\s we$s4 ,! imag]y is d\btless a mix$ metaphor1 b nev] m9d t1 = ! ?\ght is cle>4 ,! 8putt+ away0 sugge/s ! lay+ aside ( a g>m5t1 z 9 ,hebrews #ab3a "o /rips = ! race4 ,9 ,ephesians #d3ba ,paul contra/s putt+ (f ! old man ) putt+ on ! new 7cf4 also ,col4 #c3h ff474 ,mayor notes ! comp>ison betwe5 dress & "* 9 ! w$d+ g>m5t 7,matt4 #bb3aa71 ! :ite robe ( purity 7,rev4 #c3d1 #ah74 ,9 #a ,pet] #b3a we h language simil> to t ( ,james1 8putt+ away !re=e all wick$ness40 ,b probably ,james means to c>ry ! figure ( ! g>d5 all ?r\gh ! v]se1 z ,m(fatt has x3 8,s cle> away all ! f\l rank gr[?10 ! we$s ( 8fil?9ess0 & 8ov]fl[+ ( wick$ness40 ,! 8fil?9ess0 may mean impurity4 ,comp>e ,paul's phrase 8corrupt spee*10 lit]ally 8rott5 spee*0 9 ,ephesians #d3bi4 ,b 9 ,revelation #bb3aa1 8,& he t is fil?y let him be made fil?y /ill10 ! notion is m g5]al4 ,ano!r noxi\s we$ t mu/ be gott5 out ( ! way is 8wick$ness10 :i* "h may h ! n>r[] s5se ( malice4 8,:at 0 call$ holy ang] 0 no?+ bett] ?an spite0 7,hort74 ,x is ev5 sugge/$ t ! 8ov]fl[+0 is a sort ( ov]gr[? or excresc5ce 7,hort71 b ) no idea ( admitt+ t a small am\nt ( wick$ness or malice is n evil4 ,! precise figure is an ebullition or eff]vesc5ce ( malice4 ,surely "o too (t5 sees ?is picture 9 actual life4 ,malice bubbles up & runs ov] into ^w & de$4 8,! evil man out ( ! evil treasure br+e? =? t :i* is evil0 7,luke #f3de74 ,he speaks out ( ! abundance ( 8 he>t4 ,surely evil runs riot unless x is *eck$ & tak5 out1 root & bran*4 ,p] contra "o loves to ?9k ( ! abundance ( grace 7,rom4 #e3ag1 #ba7 & ! abundance ( joy 7#b ,cor4 #h3b74 ,:5 once ! we$s are out ( ! way1 8make a soil ( mode/y = ! ,^w :i* roots itself inw>dly0 7,m(fatt74 ,surely ! rep5tant s9n] c only 8receive ) meekness40 ,hort notes t ! temp] full ( h>%ness & pride de/roys ! faculty ( p]ceiv+ ! voice ( ,god4 ,jesus urg$ m5 to come to s*ool to him1 because he is meek & l[ly 9 he>t 7,matt4 #aa3bi74 ,meekness is n a virtue t ranks high ) all m54 ,_m ( ! anci5ts c\nt$ x a vice1 z ,nietzs*e has taught 9 our g5]ation4 ,b ! _s ( ,nietzs*e's sup]man is n ! _s ( ,jesus or ( ! true g5tleman4 ,!re c be no true culture )\t g5tl5ess & ! grace ( meekness4 ,if ! se$ ( ! ,^w gets root & is all[$ to gr[ 7comp>e ! wayside1 /ony-gr\nd1 ?orny-gr\nd he>]s 9 ,*ri/'s p>able 9 ,matt4 #ac71 ! tree ( life w fl\ri% 9 ! g>d5 ( ! s\l4 ,?is ^w is 8able to save y\r s\ls40 ,x br+s a pres5t salvation "h & n[ 7,john #e3cd71 a new life ( purity4 ,x helps 9 ! progressive salvation ( ! :ole man 9 8 battle ) s9 & gr[? 9 grace 7#b ,tim4 #c3ae74 ,x leads to f9al salvation 9 heav5 ) ,*ri/ 9 ,god 7#a ,pet] #a3i74 ,! gospel is ! p[] ( ,god unto salvation 7,rom4 #a3af72 ! v p[] ( ,god pulses 9 x4 ,see ,hebrews #d3ab f4 = a wond]ful picture ( ! vital =ce ( ! ,^w ( ,god1 quick & p[]ful1 all electric ) ! en]gy ( ! ,_s ( ,god4 ,m5 may sc(f at & sc\t ! message ( ,god1 b x saves m5's s\ls4 ,:at else does t8 ,he>]s ,only 7#a3bb-bd7 ,james keeps ! balance well4 ,he has %[n ! wisdom ( good li/5+4 ,n[ he proves ! futility ( m]e li/5+ ) no ef=t to put into practice :at "o he>s4 ,!re is life 9 ! ,^w ( ,god if x is liv$4 ,x is quick ) life-giv+ en]gy = ^? :o put x to ! te/ ( life4 ,"o may he> & n he$4 ,! ,greek us$ ! same ^w = bo? ideas4 ,"o is rem9d$ ( ! p>able ( ! s[] aga91 = only "o ( ! f\r classes ( he>]s br\ght =? fruit4 ,t is ! te/4 8,by _! fruits ye %all "k !m40 ,! reception ( ! ,^w w only br+ f9al salvation 9 case ! fruit is borne4 ,james knew only too well ! empty c]emonialism ( ! ,jews :o said & did n4 ,jesus 7see ,matt4 #bc7 arraign$ ! hypocrisy ( ! ,ph>isees 9 ! mo/ sca?+ d5unciation ( all "t4 8,b be ye do]s ( ! ^w1 & n he>]s only1 delud+ y\r own selves40 ,%[ y\rselves 8^w-do]s0 7,hort74 ,by 8^w0 x is n cle> :e!r is meant ! ,torah 7,oe/]ley7 or any ^w ( au?ority 7,hort71 or ! root$ ^w j m5tion$ 7,plumm]74 ,! latt] is mo/ likely1 ?\gh ! p>tial p]sonification ( 8^w0 "h rem9ds "o ( ! op5+ v]ses ( ! ,f\r? ,gospel & ( ,philo & ! ,t>gums4 ,! 8he>]s only0 did no?+ else b li/54 ,!y 7 true 8s]mon ta/]s0 :o f$ ^u ! m9i/ry ( ! ,^w or ! writt5 ^w1 only to fatt5 into slo? & spiritual in]tia4 ,!y got ! hookworm disease 9 religion & belong$ to ! %irk]s1 n ! work]s4 ,rabbi ,*ananiah us$ to say3 8,:osesoev] works are 9 excess ( 8 wisdom1 8 wisdom /&s2 & :osesoev] wisdom is 9 excess ( 8 works1 8 wisdom /&s n40#fd ,! rabbis said !re 7 two cr[ns1 "o = do+ & "o = he>+1 bas$ on ,exodus #bd3g3 8we w d1 & we w be ob$i5t0 78he>074 ,! ^w = he>]s appe>s n[h]e else 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t & 0 us$ = att5dants at ! lectures ( philosoph]s & o!r public speak]s r ?an le>n]s or disciples4 ,"o ?9ks ( ! public read+ ( ! ,^w 9 ! synagogues4 ,b ev5 s1 8,act on ! ,^w10 ,m(fatt has x4 ,else x is l p\r+ wat] into a sieve4 ,x is 9 "o e> & out ( ! o!r4 ,"s p h a sort ( religi\s dissipation 9 att5d+ revival s]vices & imag9e t !y h accompli%$ a great deal if !y simply g4 ,p easily acquire it*+ e>s t love to be tickl$ ) "s s5sation4 ,! ^w takes no root 9 ! he>ts ( su* m54 ,!y run f *ur* to *ur* to get a new ^w1 a sort ( soda-wat] habit4 ,!y deceive !mselves b nobody else4 ,^! spiritual 8gadab\ts0 are %all[ & skim ! surface only4 ,!y make a sort ( motion picture b accompli% no?+ sub/antial 9 _! own lives or 9 ! "w ( ! k+dom4 ,!y are guilty ( a logical fallacy & are ! victims ( _! own delusions 7cf4 ,col4 #b3d74 ,"o has ?us a case ( auto9toxication4 ,he has inoculat$ himself ) ! virus ( 8 own error4 ,& n[ ,james draws a wond]fully vivid picture ( ! idle he>]s1 ! hang]s-on 9 revival meet+s1 l ! scum t comes fir/ to ! surface1 ligh!>t$1 impulsive1 non*alant1 )\t dep? ( purpose or s]i\sness 9 life4 ,su* a frivol\s li/5] glances at 8 face 9 a mirror1 tak+ note to see t he looks natural & prop]4 ,a quick look suffices = t1 = 88 natural face10 ! face ( 8 bir?1 ! only "o t he has4 ,if no?+ is awry ab\t 8 appe>ance reflect$ 9 ! mirror1 he is satisfi$ 7or dissatisfi$7 ) ! mom5t>y glance4 ,! mirror 0 probably ( metal1 & ! ^w is (t5 us$ by ! poets 7,mayor74 ,"h ! mirror is ! ,^w ( ,god 7spok5 or writt57 by :i* "o takes a look at himself1 & ! quick & sup]ficial view br+s satisfaction or a pass+ pang4 ,see #a ,cor9?ians #ac3ab = ! use ( 8mirror0 = ! imp]fect k ( ,*ri/ ?r\gh reflection 9 ! ,^w ( ,god & 9 life contra/$ ) ! bless$ reality :5 face to face ) him 7,mayor74 ,b "h 9 ,james ! man t>ries by ! mirror = a mom5t & soon moves (f4 ,all t he saw 9 ! ,^w ( ,god is n[ out ( sight & out ( m9d1 l ! wayside he>]s 9 ,*ri/'s p>able4 ,if x 0 a s]mon t he he>d1 ! impulses = good quickly die away4 ,he is back at 8 bus9ess1 at 8 club1 or 9 8 home4 ,he /raightway =gets :at he 0 l1 :at sort ( man he 0 9 ! mirror4 ,9 p>ticul>1 any unpleasant features are =gott54 ,! mom5t>y trembl+ ( ! consci5ce no long] bo!rs him4 ,alas1 h[ easily ! burn+ heat ( ! day )]s ! t5d] %oots 9 ! /ony gr\nd2 ! we$s & ?orns *oke to dea? ! pi\s aspirations ( ! bett] h\rs4 ,real ,/ud5ts ( ! ,^w 7#a3be7 ,! image ( ! mirror is c>ri$ on into ! picture ( ! do] ( ! ^w1 ! 8do] t worke?10 a do] ( "w1 8an active ag5t0 7,m(fatt74 ,! phrase is tautological b v emphatic4 ,he is n only a do] ( ^w b a do] ( de$s4 ,he has put ! ^w into practice & has br\ght practical results4 ,he has transmut$ ^w into de$4 ,?is is :at c\nts1 ! practice ( ! ,^w ( ,god1 n m]e glanc+ at ! mirror nor *att] ab\t :at "o saw or pick$ up1 n a he>] ( =getfulness4 ,x is a/oni%+ :at poor memories m5 h = :at ,god says4 ,! ,doctr9e ( ,addai gives z an uncanonical say+ ( ,jesus3 8,t :i* we prea* be=e ! p by ^w we %\ld practise by de$ 9 ! sight ( all40 ,! s9c]e li/5] pauses long en\gh to become int]e/$ 9 ! real mean+ ( ! ,^w ( ,god1 :i* is n[ law to him1 = he wi%es to obey ?is ,^w ( ! ,ma/]4 ,^! li/5]s are ! joy ( ! prea*]'s he>t1 ^? :o turn to ! ,scriptures1 l ! ,b]eans1 to see if ^! ?+s are s 7,acts #ag3aa74 ,! ^w 9 ,james sugge/s curiosity & eag]ness1 z 9 ,sira* #ad3bc1 ( ! "o :o looks ?r\gh ! door ( wisdom1 & 9 #a ,pet] #a3ab1 ! desire ( ! angels to pe] into ! problems ( ! mission ( ,*ri/ to e>?4 ,! law ( ,god is attractive & p]fect to ! do] ( "w1 z ! psalmi/ has x3 8,! law ( ! ,"l is p]fect0 7,psalm #ai3g74 ,b x is n a law ( compulsion b ( fre$om4 ,"o is free to accept or to reject x4 ,c]ta9ly ,james does n h ! view ( ! ,judaiz]s1 :o made ! law a yoke ( bondage ev5 = ,g5tiles1 b r t ( ,paul1 :o acc5t$ ! fre$om 9 ,*ri/ 7,gal4 #e3a74 ,jesus held out fre$om z ! great bless+ ( tru? 7,john #h3cb7--;fre$om to ex]cise "o's highe/ functions & faculties held 9 bondage by s9 & m]e legalism4 ,p]haps ! *ief emphasis 9 ?is v]se lies 9 ! ^w 8cont9ue?40 ,! man rema9s by ! side ( ! roll ( ! law spread out be=e him & unrolls page aft] page ) ! ke5e/ int]e/ & ze/ until he rightly grasps ! mean+ ( ,god4 ,?us he puts ! ,^w into practice4 ,he has x /amp$ on 8 m9d & he>t4 ,he is a ,*ri/ian pragmati/4 ,he1 l ,bro!r ,lawr5ce1 practices ! pres5ce ( ,god4 ,he translates ! ^w ( tru? into 8 own life & becomes a liv+ epi/le4 ,?is is ! ,bible t ! tw5tie? c5tury loves to read4 ,! man :o does ?is is 8happy 9 8 do+10 8bless$ 9 8 activity0 7,m(fatt74 ,he is happy 9 ! do+1 ev5 if x falls f> %ort ( ! ideal 9 ! ^w ( tru?4 ,he has tri$1 & he w keep on try+4 ,he c s+ ! song ( ! %irt1 ! song ( ! pl[1 ! song ( ! desk4 ,complac5t ,religiosity 7#a3bf7 ,m]e li/5+ may be idle4 ,m]e "w may be p]functory4 ,"o may be a work] only z well z a he>] only4 ,! he>] only deceives himself by an error ( reason 7#a3bb74 ,! work] only deceives 8 own he>t by an error ( conduct4 ,he leads himself a/ray1 out ( ! pa?1 by ! delusion t religion consi/s 9 ! p]=mance ( religi\s duties1 n 9 ! attitude t[>d ,god 9 ! he>t or ! e?ical conduct4 ,paul uses ! t]m = ,ph>isaism 7,acts #bf3e7 & 9 ,colossians #b3ah = ! wor%ip ( ! angels4 ,x is ! ext]nal aspect ( public wor%ip4 ,orig9ally x _h ! mean+ ( rev]5ce = ! gods 7,hort71 b x soon came to be us$ = ! c]emonial rites ( wor%ip4 ,9 #d ,maccabees #e3f ! ^w is us$ = ! refusal ( ! ,jews to eat pork4 ,9 a ^w1 x is appli$ to "o :o does fai?fully ! religi\s *ores4 ,! ,ph>isees =m a /rik+ illu/ration ( ?is emphasis on ! c]emonial side ( public wor%ip4 ,! regul> att5dance at ! h\rs ( pray]1 fai?ful obs]vance ( ! rules ( ritual purification1 paym5t ( ! ti!s--^! ?+s con/itut$ wor%ip4 ,f9ally1 ^! alone con/itut$ wor%ip4 ,religion came to consi/ 9 ! c]emony alone1 ! lett] & n ! _s1 ! hull & n ! k]nel4 ,mo/ ( ! ?+s done 7 good en\gh4 ,x is good to h ! outside ( ! cup clean b n s important z ! inside or z clean wat] 9 ! cup4 ,jesus expos$ ?is fail+ ( ! ,ph>isees ) great incisiv5ess & p[]4 ,x is easy to mi/ake =m = reality4 ,s m5 h come to c\nt _! beads z pray]1 to pray ) pray] :eels4 ,a p]son may att5d *ur* regul>ly1 contribute lib]ally1 come to pray] meet+1 h family pray]s1 be a memb] ( ! *ur*1 & yet n be religi\s4 ,he may h religiosity & n religion4 ,"o may mi/ake p]=mance ( religi\s functions = ! possession ( ! _s ( religion4 ,9 ! v act ( work+ out ! religi\s impulse m5 (t5 fall into traps4 ,s "h ! man consid]s t he is a religi\s man4 ,he is cont5t ) 8 religi\s /atus1 & yet he does n control 8 tongue4 8,he bridle? n 8 tongue02 ?is is ! e>lie/ kn[n use ( ?is /rik+ figure1 ?\gh ,ari/ophanes speaks ( an unbridl$ m\?4 ,! tongue is reg>d$ z an unruly horse t ne$s bit & bridle held fa/ by ! ma/] to control x4 ,! tongue is all[$ to say :atev] a spiteful he>t prompts4 ,! bitt]e/ words are n felt to be inconsi/5t ) p]sonal piety4 ,su* a man consid]s himself a pill> ( ! *ur* 9 spite ( 8 loose tongue & loose liv+4 ,he p]=ms religi\s duties on ,sunday & is a %y/] on ,monday4 ,he deceives himself1 b no "o else is deceiv$4 ,su* a man's religi\s s]vice is empty ( any value ) ,god or man4 ,x is va9 & holl[ mock]y4 ,8 own complac5cy makes ! matt] worse4 ,he is a /umbl+ block to ^? :o judge religion by him1 = he has divorc$ religion f life4 ,unspott$ f ! ,_w 7#a3bg7 ,james does n give a def9ition ( religion 9 ?is v]se b an illu/ration ( ! "r sort ( religi\s ex]cise 9 contra/ ) ! futile religiosity already not$4 ,! abs5ce ( ! article %[s t he does n mean an inclusive description4 8,a religi\s ex]cise pure & undefil$0 is "h giv5 q ! opposite mean+ ( ! pr(essional p]=mances ( ! ph>isaic pieti/s4 ,!re is pure religion1 & ! c\nt]feit is a tribute to x4 ,?is religion is free f pollution4 ,!re is 9 x no alloy ( selfi%ness nor o!r s94 ,m(fatt r5d]s x 8unsoil$10 b x may h ! notion ( g5u9e metal4 ,?is /&>d ( purity & piety seems impossible1 b ,god kn[s h[ to e/imate ! relation betwe5 li/5+ & do+1 betwe5 do+ & lov+1 betwe5 lov+ & purity ( life4 ,! life mu/ pass mu/] ) ,god4 ,at fir/ sight "o is p]haps depress$ by ! reflection t ,god's /&>d ( piety is s mu* high] ?an ours4 ,:at "s m5 consid] holy wor%ip is to ,god holl[ mock]y4 ,b !n ,god is our ,fa!r4 ,he plant$ ! ^w ( tru? 9 our he>ts4 ,he has wat*$ x gr[4 ,he kn[s ! limitations ( environm5t 9 :i* ! tree ( life has gr[n4 ,james gives two v practical te/s ( g5u9e religion4 ,"o is m]cy t[>d ! suff]+4 ,! wid[ & ! orphan appeal to ! h>de/ he>ts4 ,& yet m5 h be5 kn[n to sp5d ?\s&s ( doll>s ^u palaces ( wor%ip :ile ! poor p]i%$ 9 ! alley beh9d ! *ur*4 ,! social side ( practical religion is receiv+ m att5tion ^! days ?an x once did4 ,! v hospitals & asylums are an expression ( t love = our common humanity taught by ,jesus4 ,james has no sympa?y ) t cold or?odoxy t is satisfi$ ) s++ psalms to ,jehovah :ile ! wid[ & ! orphan suff]1 ) no help f ! bl9d wor%ip]s ne>by4 ,*ri/ianity is inw>d & spiritual1 n m]e p]functory ritual4 ,b x is n m]e my/ical brood+ or ab/ract contemplation4 ,! cry ( ! *ild & ! cry ( ! "m = ! *ild 7 he>d by ,jesus4 ,today ! *ildr5 cry al\d 9 our /reets & 9 our factories = s*ool & play1 = love & sympa?y1 = bett] homes & bett] food1 = c>e ( ! body & ( ! s\l4 ,jesus /ill loves ! *ildr54 ,*ri/ discov]$ ! *ild4 ,! mod]n _w at la/ has begun to f9d out ! *ild t ,jesus has plac$ 9 ! mid/ ( u4 ,!re are _m o!r =ms ( social s]vice :i* ! true ,*ri/ian may f9d "r by 8 door4 ,! neighbor 9 ne$ may ev5 lie at 8 gate4 ,! o!r te/ ( pure religion (f]$ by ,james is m di/9ctly p]sonal & m difficult1 ?\gh ! fir/ te/ is met none too well4 ,x is 8to keep oneself unspott$ f ! _w40 ,m(fatt has x 8f ! /a9 ( ! _w40 ,x is a high call+ surely if "o is to walk 9 a _w l ?is free f ! /a9 ( s91 ) no spot ^u g>m5ts1 body1 or s\l4 ,! ,lamb ( ,god 0 (f]$ z a sacrifice )\t spot4 ,*ri/ w pres5t 8 *ur* at la/ )\t spot4 ,james _h j spok5 ( ! use ( ! tongue4 ,t also c leave a spot or /a9 7cf4 #c3f74 ,!re is mu* dirt ( all k9ds ab\t u4 ,! g]ms ( s9 infe/ & infect u all4 ,& yet x is n hopeless to make a fight = purity 9 life4 ,we d n give up ! battle = cleanl9ess ( body1 = heal?fulness ( body1 = victory ov] ! g]ms ( disease ab\t u & 9 u4 ,x is wor?:ile to lead ! clean1 :ite life ( purity4 ,"o has 8 rew>d 9 8 own life--9 fre% p[]1 9 new joy1 9 ri*] fruitage4 ,he has 8 rew>d also 9 ! inspiration giv5 to o!rs1 :o are *e]$ to /rive likewise aga9/ s91 to fight = p]sonal & social purity1 = bett] homes & bett] cities1 = a bett] _w 9 :i* to s]ve ,god1 = a bit ( heav5 "h on e>?1 = ! reign ( ,god 9 human he>ts1 = lik5ess to ,jesus ! ,son ( ,god4 ,,vi ,class ,prejudice ,9 ! second *apt] ,james recurs to ! discussion ( ! democracy ( fai? f\nd 9 #a3i-aa4 ,9 fact1 x _h nev] be5 v f> 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,! use ( 8my bre?r50 is em95tly appropriate "h1 s9ce he is urg+ ! read]s to bro!rly k9dness 7,mayor74 ,face ,value 9 ,religion 7#b3a7 ,?is is a v h>d v]se to translate at once1 = we mu/ decide ?ree disput$ que/ions4 ,"o is :e!r ! v]b is imp]ative or int]rogative4 ,x is tak5 z imp]ative 9 mo/ v]sions1 & s mo/ int]pret]s hold1 b ,hort urges t x is a tame conception comp>$ ) ! indignant qu]y expect+ ! answ] no4 ,!re is =ce 9 ?is po9t1 z ?us ,james w\ld be express+ vehem5t surprise t su* p>tiality c\ld exi/ among ! ,jewi% ,*ri/ians4 ,/ill1 ! prohibition aga9/ su* p>tiality makes good s5se4 ,!re is little d\bt t 8! fai? ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/0 %\ld be r5d]$ 8fai? 9 our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/40 ,x is objective1 n subjective1 g5itive4 ,= a simil> use ( ! objective g5itive ) fai? "o may note ,m>k #aa3bb & ,acts #c3af4 ,x is n ! fai? ( ,jesus t is "u discussion b ! fai? ( ! read]s 9 ,jesus ,*ri/ our ,"l4 ,?is int]pretation commits ,james to ! wor%ip ( ,jesus z ,"l & ,messiah1 b t is surely :at w\ld be expect$ 9 "o :o claim$ to be a 8s]vant ( ,god & ( ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/0 7#a3a74 ,x is true t ! /&po9t ( ,james is ne>] to t ( ! ,old ,te/am5t ?an is true ( ,pet]1 ,john1 & ,paul1 b aft] ! great ,p5teco/ !re seems to be no wav]+ on ! great fundam5tals ( ,*ri/ianity1 ?\gh !re is ri* developm5t & enl>gem5t4 ,! ess5ce ( ! ,*ri/ology ( ,james is precisely t ( ,paul1 ?\gh ,james does n amplify 8 implications z ,paul does4 ,james1 ?\gh v ,jewi% 9 backgr\nd1 is ?or\ghly ,*ri/ian4 ,! he>t ( ,*ri/ianity1 ! wor%ip ( ,jesus z ,"l & ,savi\r1 is "h1 ?\gh *ronologically ! ,epi/le ( ,james prec$es ! tea*+ ( ,paul & ,john 9 _! writ+s4 ,x is l ! *ild & ! man 7,plumm]71 n a retrograde movem5t4 ,x is ! outlook ( ,j]usalem1 n t ( ,antio*4 ,:at ,james is discuss+ is n ! p]sonal religion ( ,jesus b ! read]'s fai? 9 ,jesus4 ,! ?ird disput$ po9t 9 ! v]se is ! ^w 8glory40 ,! ,engli% v]sions g5]ally ins]t ! words 8! ,"l0 & make x 8! ,"l ( glory10 b ,b5gel makes 8! glory0 ipse ,*ri/us4 ,9 ?is he is foll[$ by ,mayor1 ,hort1 & ,oe/]ley2 & x is almo/ c]ta9ly true t by 8glory0 ,james has 9 m9d ! ,%ek9ah4 ,9 ! ,septuag9t = ,leviticus #bf3aa ! ^w = ,%ek9ah is j t us$ 9 ,revelation #ba3c3 8,behold1 ! tab]nacle ( ,god is ) m540 ,9 ,john #a3ad we read3 8,& ! ,^w became fle%1 & dwelt among u 7& we beheld 8 glory1 glory z ( ! only begott5 f ! ,fa!r740 ,add to ?is ,hebrews #a3c1 8:o1 be+ ! effulg5ce ( 8 glory10 & ! case seems made out4 ,9 ,pirke ,abo? iii4 #c we note3 8,two t sit toge!r & are occupi$ 9 words ( ,?orah h ! ,%ek9ah among !m40 ,jesus claim$1 8,= :]e two or ?ree are ga!r$ 9 my "n1 !re am ,i 9 ! mid/ ( !m0 7,matt4 #ah3bj74 ,jesus is ?us n only ! ,way1 ! ,tru?1 ! ,life1 & ! ,resurrection b also ! ,glory4 ,james may h 9 m9d ! resurrection glory ( ,jesus z he appe>$ to him4 ,9 ,luke #b3cb ,simeon says3 8,! glory ( ?y p ,israel40 ,b all ?is is by way ( emphasis = ! ma9 po9t4 ,"o :o has fai? 9 su* a ,"l z ,jesus %\ld n be guilty ( 8acts ( p>tiality0 7,hort74 ,! mean+ ( ! phrase is cle>1 ?\gh ! orig9 is obscure4#fe ,! ,greek use ( ! ^w = mask is illu/rat$ by ! ^w = hypocrite4 ,9 ,leviticus #ai3ae we see ! full =ce ( ! idiom3 8,?\ %alt n respect ! p]son ( ! poor1 nor honor ! p]son ( ! mighty40 ,see ,acts #aj3cd1 :]e ,pet] le>ns t ,god is no respect] ( p]sons4 ,god does n accept ! outside appe>ance = ! inn] reality--nor %\ld we4 ,god is ! ,god ( reality4 7,comp>e ,heb4 #d3ab f47 ,a j judge mu/ n be influ5c$ by ! bias ( p]sonal pref]5ce1 prejudice1 rank1 p[]1 money 7,mayor74 ,he mu/ decide ! case on its m]its4 ,!re is no room = class prejudice or = ! ca/e sy/em 9 ,*ri/ianity1 z !re is none 9 ! he>t ( ,god4 ,*ri/ianity is democratic to ! core1 t is1 real ,*ri/ianity4 ,organiz$ ,*ri/ianity has sometimes be5 ! v ?+ t ,james "h condemns4 ,ev5 9 ! s+le *ur* little rifts & cliques easily develop4 ,p>tiality 9 ,*ur* 7#b3b-d7 ,already ! ,jewi% ,*ri/ians 7 9 p]il f ?is evil4 ,x is1 9 p>ticul>1 a s9 ( u%]s :o %[ respect ( p]sons 9 seat+ /rang]s4 ,b pa/ors are 9 con/ant dang] ( ! same s9 9 g5]al *ur* relations4 ,! ^w "h = synagogue may mean place ( wor%ip or ! assembly itself1 z 9 ,hebrews #aj3be1 8! assembl+ ( y\rselves toge!r40 ,! ^w = *ur* does n occur 9 ! apo/olic p]iod 7,hort7 = place ( meet+1 b synagogue 0 already 9 common use 9 bo? s5ses4 ,b x is n necess>y to suppose t ,james has 9 m9d simply a ,jewi% synagogue1 ?\gh x is q possible t ! ,jewi% ,*ri/ians /ill att5d$ wor%ip & he>d ,moses read 9 ! synagogue 7,acts #ae3ba71 z ,*ri/ians belong$ to ! synagogue ( ! ,lib]t9es 7,acts #f3i7 & ! e>ly ,*ri/ians wor%ip$ /ill 9 ! ,temple4 ,! use ( 8y\r0 seems to mean t x is at lea/ a ,*ri/ian ga!r+ t ,james ref]s to1 :e!r meet+ 9 ! ,jewi% synagogue or else:]e4 8,! gr[? ( ! ,g5tile elem5t 9 ! *ur* excit$ ! active ho/ility ( ! ,jews aga9/ ! :ole body ( ,*ri/ians1 z x tr\bl$ ! ,jewi% conv]ts !mselves0 7,we/cott on ,hebrews1 p4 xxxviii74 ,f9ally ! ,*ri/ians _h to set up = !mselves1 z 9 ,cor9? 7,acts #ah3g7 & 9 ,ephesus 7,acts #ai3h f474 ,we d n "k ! precise /age rea*$ by ! ,jewi% ,*ri/ians "h4 ,james may mean "s p>ticul> in/ance ( tr\ble 9 ! disp]sion t came to 8 notice1 or he may h 9 m9d any ,*ri/ian ga!r+ 9 ! disp]sion4 ,! ,g5tiles (t5 att5d$ ! wor%ip ( ! ,jews 9 ! synagogues 7,acts #ac3af1 #dc74 ,! use ( 8synagogue0 = ,*ri/ian wor%ip occurs r>ely1 z 9 ,h]mas1 ,m&4 xi4 #i4 ,! "t came :5 synagogue 0 us$ only = ,jews or h]etics4 ,epiphanius 7,ha]4 xxx4 #ah7 says t ! ,ebionites call _! meet+ 8synagogue10 n 8*ur*40 ,"o may note also ,john's use ( ! t]m 8synagogue ( ,satan0 7,rev4 #b3i2 #c3i74 ,! picture ( ! two /rang]s at *ur* is drawn ) bold l9es & 9 few words by ,james2 yet x is rem>kably cle> & picturesque4 ,! man ) a gold r+ probably makes a display ( 8 r+4 ,if he prea*$1 he w\ld make mo/ ( 8 ge/ures ) t h&4 ,! ^w occurs n[h]e else 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,mayor quotes ,epictetus 7,diss4 #a4 #bb7 z speak+ ( an 8old man ) gold f+]s40 ,! 8f9e clo?+0 is lit]ally 8brilliant clo?+10 8new glossy clo!s0 7,hort71 8! f9e :ite g>m5t worn by weal?y ,jews0 7,oe/]ley71 l t 9 :i* ,h]od ,antipas clad ,jesus :5 he s5t him back to ,pilate4 ,"o c easily see ! di/+ui%$-look+ /rang] z he /eps 9 at ! same "t z 8a poor man 9 vile clo?+10 89 dirty clo!s0 7,m(fatt71 8old %abby clo!s0 7,hort74 ,see ,revelation #bb3aa = ! same adjective = 8fil?y40 ,9 ,james #a3ba we _h 8fil?9ess40 ,we h no means ( kn[+ :e!r ^! two m5 :o sudd5ly ent] *ur* are ,*ri/ians or simply ,jews4 ,bo? seem to be /rang]s4 ,! c\rtesies ext5d$ are bas$ purely on ! appe>ance ( ^! two z to dress1 n on race or ecclesia/ical /&+4 ,! poor man may be "o r$uc$ to begg>y--a tramp or hobo4 ,he may be a poor work+ man4 ,he /&s 9 m>k$ contra/ ) ! ri* man1 z 9 #a3i-aa4 ,probably ! poor man _h on ! be/ clo!s t he _h4 ,%\ld a man l t come to our *ur*es8 ,w\ld he be welcome 9 our pews8 ,to be sure1 cases occur :5 a ba? w\ld help matt]s & :5 pla91 b clean1 clo!s c\ld be provid$ by ,*ri/ian p s z to make att5dance at *ur* free f emb>rassm5t4 ,b !re are p1 especially *ildr51 :o /ay away f bo? ,sunday s*ool & *ur* because !y d n possess dec5t clo!s 9 :i* to come4 ,!y fe> ! critical eyes & comm5ts ( ! p at *ur*4 ,x is easy to say t p %\ld rise above su* unfavorable circum/ances & come on to *ur* to wor%ip ,god1 :o reads ! he>t & does n judge m5 by _! clo!s4 ,yes1 b a man may conclude t he c wor%ip ,god j z acceptably & m com=tably 9 "s o!r *ur* :]e ! u%] does n seem s a%am$ ( 8 com+ or emb>rass$ by 8 pres5ce t1 9 spite ( pl5ty ( empty pews 9 ! gr& temple ( wor%ip1 he f9ds a back seat = him "u ! gall]y or 9 ! gall]y on a foot/ool 7lit]ally1 8"u my foot/ool10 probably 8on ! floor by my foot/ool071 9 a corn]1 or a place to /& aga9/ ! wall4 ,mean:ile1 ! poor man has se5 ! att5tions paid ! man 9 f9e clo!s2 he is u%]$ to a good seat ) ! air ( a pr9ce4 ,! s\l ( ! poor man is all ! m embitt]$1 s9ce he came p]haps 9 a sort ( desp]ation f ! h>dness ( ! _w outside1 a _w t has economic & social laws t make ! battle a difficult "o4 ,& n[ 9 ! temple ( ,god ! wor%ip]s ( ,jesus %[ ! same pride ( weal? & /ation z at a social function4 ,! prea*] talks ( =giv5ess ( s9s & ! com=t ( ! ,holy ,_s2 b he & ! u%]s keep a %>p eye ^u ! man :o we>s ! f9e clo!s1 pomp\s & self-consci\s z t man probably feels4 ,! s\l ( ! poor man is made m bitt] /ill z he leaves ! *ur* ( ! ri* & ! pr\d to see if he c f9d ,god at home or ! devil 9 ! saloon or o!r d5 ( iniquity4 ,"o pity ( x all is t s _m *ur*es h f9e1 empty1 cu%ion$ seats1 :ile ! /rang]s :o c\ld fill !m are n s\ght = or n prop]ly welcom$ if !y come4 ,x is a pa!tic picture t ,james "h gives u--t ( ! /rang] at ! door ( ! *ur*4 ,mo/ /rang]s pass ! door ( ! *ur* by ) indiff]5ce or disgu/4 ,! *ur* mu/ w9 ! /rang]s outside unless x is to deg5]ate into a social club ( a few select families4 ,a *ur* t only holds its own w soon lose t /&+4 ,! task ( ! *ur* is to w9 ! _w to ,*ri/4 ,& !n :5 ! poor ( e>? ent]1 x is worse ?an folly to pu% !m to "o side & out ( doors1 back into ! /reet4 ,?is t\* ( life is "o ( _m mod]n notes 9 ! ,epi/le ( ,james4 ,! emb>rassm5t ( ! u%] 9 ! pres5ce ( two su* incongru\s /rang]s at once is probably due to ! fact t he kn[s full well ! atmosph]e or tone ( ! *ur*4 ,x is ari/ocratic or select2 evangelical & or?odox1 n evangeli/ic or mission>y2 a hav5 ( re/ = ! /ately pi\s1 n a rescue /ation = ! lo/4 ,! (fic]s ( ! *ur* ?us make di/9ctions betwe5 ! att5dants at *ur* & sort out ! congregation accord+ to worldly /&>ds4 ,!y are 8judges ( evil ?\ghts0 & act ) p>tiality 9 be/[+ c\rtesies on /rang]s 9 ! h\se ( ,god4 ,all ?is is 9 su* m>k$ contra/ to ! _s & conduct ( ,jesus t "o c h>dly cr$it 8 eyes :5 he sees x happ5 9 *ur*4 ,x is increas+ly difficult to get ! poor to come to "s ( ! *ur*es4 ,! *ur*es !mselves may sometimes become suspici\s t ! v poor come to *ur* to receive f9ancial help4 ,s ! brea* wid5s4 ,prejudice ,aga9/ ! ,poor 7#b3e-g7 ,james n[ has few] maxims & a m argum5tative /yle1 l t ( ,paul4 ,he makes a passionate appeal = att5tion3 8,he>k51 my belov$ bre?r540 ,he writes z an impassion$ speak] speaks 7cf4 #a3af2 #d3ac74 ,god's *oice ( ! p ( ,israel seems to be 9 ! backgr\nd 7,deut4 #ad3a f474 ,! ,jews _h come 9 _m cases to look on e>?ly prosp]ity z a m>k ( div9e favor & pov]ty z a sign ( ,god's disfavor 7cf4 ,psalm #gc74 ,! ,ph>isees 7 lov]s ( money 7,luke #af3ad74 ,b ! tr\bles ( ! ,jews1 9 spite ( _m weal?y ,ph>isees & ,sadducees1 _h l$ _m ( !m to see a bless+ 9 pov]ty4 ,see ,te/am5t ( ! ,twelve ,patri>*s1 ,gad4 vii4 #f3 8,= ! poor man1 if1 free f envy1 he please? ! ,"l 9 all ?+s1 is bless$ beyond all m540 ,oe/]ley 79 loco7 quotes ,*ag4 #i;b z say+ t pov]ty is ! quality t above all befits ,israel z ! ,*os5 ,p4 ,epictetus 7bk4 ,,iv1 *ap4 i1 #dc7 says3 8,ano!r 7?9ks ! cause ( 8 evils to be7 t he is poor40 ,epictetus 7,/ob4 #aj7 says fur!r3 8,ri*es are n among ! ?+s t are good40 ,luke #f3bj has3 8,bless$ are ye poor10 :]e ,mat!w #e3c has 8poor 9 _s40 ,x is c]ta9 t ! gospel made a p[]ful appeal to ! poor] classes ( society among ,jews & ,g5tiles4 ,jesus claim$ x z "p ( 8 messianic mission 8to prea* good tid+s to ! poor0 7,luke #d3ah71 z ,isaiah 7#fj3a f47 _h =etold4 ,he ask$ ! mess5g]s ( ,john ! ,bapti/ to take back to ,ma*]us ! news t 8! poor h ! good tid+s prea*$ to !m0 7,luke #g3bb7 z "o pro( ( 8 messiah%ip4 ,paul enl>ges on ! *oice 7#a ,cor4 #a3bg f47 by ,god ( ! fooli%1 ! weak1 ! despis$ classes to add to 8 own glory4 ,! e>ly *ur*es 7 ga!r$ l>gely f ! prolet>iat4 ,slaves & ma/]s1 ri* & poor1 m+l$ toge!r 9 fell[%ip & bro!rly love4 ,! papyri discov]ies h %[n u ! _w ( ,jesus & ( ,paul 89 ! workaday clo!s ( _! call+40#ff ,deissmann adds3 8,we %\ld be sorry inde$ n to h be5 told t ,jesus came f an artisan's home 9 c\ntry surr\nd+s40#fg ,! fact t ,jesus 0 a c>p5t]1 a work+man 9 ! mod]n s5se ( t t]m1 %\ld enli/ ! sympa?y & ! int]e/ ( all work+m54 ,!y %\ld he$ ! call ( ! ,c>p5t]4 ,"h ,james boldly *ampions ! cause ( ! poor z aga9/ c]ta9 ri* ,jews1 probably n memb]s ( ! *ur*1 :o h oppress$ ! ,*ri/ians & dragg$ !m be=e c\rts ( ju/ice4 ,) _! own h& ^! ri* ,jews _h dragg$ ,*ri/ians be=e tribunals4 ,ri* ,sadducees _h done ?is ) ,pet] & ,john 7,acts #d3a74 ,z "o ( ^! pot5tates1 yea1 z a tyrant1 ,paul _h once dragg$ m5 & wom5 be=e ! ,sanh$r9 7,acts #h3c2 #bb3d74 ,he _h ev5 tri$ to make !m blaspheme 7,acts #bf3aa74 ,x 0 n necess>y to h special laws aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians4 ,z objects ( dislike x 0 easy en\gh1 z ,paul f\nd out1 to hale !m into c\rt4 ,paul came to "k only too well h[ ! tables c\ld be turn$ on him :5 he became a ,*ri/ian4 ,he _h to take 8 own m$ic9e 7,acts #ac3ej2 #af3ai74 ,jesus inde$ _h =etold t j ?is fate w\ld befall 8 disciples be=e ! c\rts ( ,jews & ,g5tiles 7,matt4 #aj3ag f42 ,john #af3b74 ,! ang] ( ^! ri* ,jews aga9/ ,jesus & ,*ri/ians leads !m actually to blaspheme ! "n ( ,*ri/4 ,! ,sadducees w n ev5 call ! "n ( ,jesus :5 !y discuss ! case ( ,pet] & ,john4 ,!y ref] ) contempt to 8?is "n0 7,acts #d3ag71 ?\gh 9 ! ?reat !y h to "n ,jesus 7v4 #ah74 ,! disciples rejoic$ 8t !y 7 c\nt$ wor?y to suff] di%onor = ! ,"n0 7,acts #e3da74 ,s 8! honorable "n10 8! beautiful "n10 8! noble ,"n0 7,m(fatt7 came to be ! %ibbole? ( ! believ]s 9 ,jesus4 ,8 "n 0 to be 8! "n :i* is above e "n0 7,phil4 #b3i f474 ,x 0 already ! only "n ) p[] to save 7,acts #d3ab71 z ,pet] boldly in=m$ ! ,sanh$r94 ,t 0 ! mean+ ( ! "n ,jesus 7,matt4 #a3ba74 ,"h "o sees afre% ! ,*ri/ology ( ,james4 ,! honorable "n is ! "n ( ,jesus1 ) a possible ref]5ce to ! use ( x 9 ! baptismal =mula--8by :i* ye are call$10 8:i* is call$ ^u y40 ,at any rate1 !y be> ! "n ( ,*ri/ian1 giv5 probably z a reproa* 7,acts #aa3bf2 #bf3bh2 #a ,pet] #d3ad1 #af74 ,?is "n is n[ _! badge ( honor & glory4 ,:5 call$ ^u to say1 8,ana!ma be ,jesus10 !y reply1 8,jesus is ,"l0 7#a ,cor4 #ab3c74 ,c]ta9ly ! e>ly ,jewi% ,*ri/ians _h ev]y?+ to make !m fe> ! p[]ful ri* :o _h fr[n$ ^u ,jesus & 8 cause4 ,& yet ,james d>es to say to ! ,jewi% ,*ri/ians3 8,b ye h di%onor$ ! poor man10 8n[ y insult ! poor0 7,m(fatt74 ,!y _h done x out ( cr++ fe> ( ! ri* ,jews ) all _! p[]1 or out ( anxiety to please ! ri* s z to w9 !m ) fawn+ flatt]y4 ,we are n to ?9k t all ! ,jewi% ,*ri/ians _h %[n su* n>r[ness or su* c[>dice1 b "s in/ances _h come to ! notice ( ,james4 ,p] contra note ! case ( ,ananias & ,sapphira1 :o wi%$ to ga9 cr$it = great lib]ality to ! poor by ! use ( "p ( ! weal?1 keep+ back half ?\gh pret5d+ to give all4 ,all ! e>ly ,*ri/ians 7 n poor4 ,! cases ( ,b>nabas1 ,joseph ( ,arima!a1 & ,laz>us & 8 si/]s ,m>?a & ,m>y occur to "o at once4 ,jesus did n d5\nce ri* m5 p] se1 ?\gh he did po9t out ) great p[] ! p]il ( weal?4 ,james is n to be und]/ood z d5\nc+ ! ri* 9 a :olesale fa%ion4 ,consecration is :at sanctifies ri*es--! use ( money = ! glory ( ,god & ! bless+ ( mank9d4 ,a man is n a *ild ( ! devil j because he is ri* or poor4 ,god deals ) m5 9 ! raw manhood4 8,a man's a man = a' t40 ,! di/9ction betwe5 ! upp] & ! l[] classes is p>tly fictiti\s & is n a /able condition4 ,! slums are a dreadful fact & a disgrace to mod]n civilization4 ,p %\ld h dec5t homes1 good food1 fre% air1 & clean clo!s4 ,extreme pov]ty is a p]il to a man's s\l1 z is great weal?4 ,x is n a s9 to be ri*1 b dang]\s1 ?\gh mo/ ( u are will+ to take ! risk4 ,epictetus 7,/ob4 #aj7 says3 8,x is difficult = a ri* p]son to be "r-m9d$ or a "r-m9d$ p]son ri*40 ,ri*es & pov]ty are n ess5tial crit]ia ( "*4 ,ov] aga9/ ! slums 9 our cities "o may place ! pi\s poor ( ,scotl&1 z se5 9 8,! ,cott]'s ,saturday ,night40 ,ov] aga9/ ! wild & reckless n\veaux ri*es "o may note ! g5]\s giv]s ( millions to missions & to education4 ,"o mu/ le>n to be j to all classes & to d ju/ice to all4 ,a p]son ne$s full k ( ! social conditions ab\t him & ! c\rage to apply ! gospel ( ,*ri/ to ^! conditions4 ,b let no "o imag9e t sociology c take ! place ( ! gospel ( ,jesus4 ,*ri/ianity is sociological1 b sociology is n necess>ily ,*ri/ian4 ,we ne$ intellig5t sympa?y1 b mo/ ( all we ne$ ! love & grace ( ,god 9 ! he>t4 ,b m9i/] & man mu/ be indep5d5t ( bondage to ei!r ri* or poor & /& 9 ! fre$om ( ,*ri/4 ,pr(4 ,h4 ,c4 ,v$d] makes a v s]i\s *>ge aga9/ mod]n m9i/]s3 8,?is attitude ( ! cl]gy c be expla9$ only on ! gr\nd ( _! economic dep5d5ce ^u ! privileg$ classes4 ,!y are ! hirel+s ( capitalism1 &1 to d !m ju/ice1 !y e>n _! wages40#fh ,?is is a bitt] attack ^u ! m9i/ry = always *ampion+ ! cause ( capital :5ev] labor & capital cla%4 ,! *>ge is n always true1 z anyone :o obs]ves %\ld "k4 ,organiz$ labor is sometimes 9 ! wrong4 ,corporations t are unju/ to labor are (t5 d5\nc$ 9 ! pulpit4 ,let e case be met on its m]its4 ,c]ta9ly ! m9i/] ( ,*ri/ %\ld be on ! side ( manhood aga9/ m]e money4 ,a man's life is m ?an money4 ,james rem9ds 8 read]s t ,god is n a%am$ ( ! poor4 ,9 fact1 he (t5 calls ! poor1 z ! _w reg>ds !m1 to be ri* 9 fai?4 ,aft] all1 ! ri*es ( ! _s & ( fell[%ip ) ,god are ! true ri*es4 ,s (t5 a turn 9 ! :eel ( life leaves a man poor today :o 0 ri* ye/]day4 ,& dea? w sep>ate "o f all 8 weal?1 save :at he has giv5 away4 ,! wick$ ri* man may sc\t ! poor sa9t "h1 b ,laz>us w re/ 9 ,abraham's bosom :ile ! wick$ ri* man is 9 torm5t 9 hades4 ,b ev5 "h ! pi\s poor /& high ) ,god1 :ile ! wick$ ri* are despis$4 ,! poor may be heirs ( ! k+dom4 ,?9k ( t--heirs ( ! k+dom ( ,god1 ! glori\s messianic k+dom promis$ ( old & n[ begun1 ! fulness ( :i* is 9 ! future ) ,god1 ! heav5ly k+dom4 ,b ev5 "h & n[ ! poor sa9t is a *ild ( ! ,k+ & has ri*es untold4 ,he has love & joy 9 8 he>t1 a sup]iority to adv]sity1 an elevation ( _s1 ! peace ( ,god t passes all und]/&+2 & t is wor? m ?an all ! gold ( ,ophir4 ,x is n m]e pi\s platitude on ! "p ( ,james :5 he writes ?us4 ,he is b int]pret+ ! s\l ( my/ic ,*ri/ianity1 real ,*ri/ianity1 z set =? by ,jesus 9 ! ,beatitudes1 :]e ^? only are felicitat$ :o h ! joy ( ! _s indep5d5t ( outw>d condition or circum/ance4 ,aft] all1 ! piety ( ! poor is a nation's be/ asset4 ,! poor w som$ay1 _m ( !m1 be ri*4 ,may !y /ill be pi\s6 ,! upp] classes run d[n & run out1 alas1 & h to be recruit$ con/antly f ! l[] classes4 ,x is ! law ( life4 ,if we save ! masses1 we may save ! classes4 ,at any rate1 x is a pitiful bus9ess to see a *ur* ( ,jesus ,*ri/ a%am$ ( ! poor1 z ! _w reg>ds !m1 = ,jesus our ,"l 0 himself poor = our sakes1 volunt>ily poor4 8,?\gh he 0 ri*1 yet = y\r sakes he became poor1 t ye ?r\gh 8 pov]ty might become ri*0 7#b ,cor4 #h3i7--ri* 9 ,god's m]cy & grace1 ri* 9 "*1 9 lik5ess to ,jesus4 ,! ,royal ,law 7#b3h f47 ,! poise ( ,james appe>s aga94 ,he has no wi% to /ir ! passions & prejudices ( ! poor aga9/ ! ri*4 ,surely x is n a s9 to love ri* p4 ,!y are entitl$ to ! same love z o!r p1 _m f> m because ( ! noble use made ( _! weal?4 ,if y really fulfil ! royal law--a law fit = k+s or su* z a k+ w be sure to foll[ 7cf4 ,psalm #gb2 ,ze*4 #i3i7 & supreme ov] o!r laws 7,matt4 #bb3dj7--y d well4 ,we %\ld love bo? ri* & poor alike4 ,?is royal law 0 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t 7,lev4 #ai3ah7 & is "h quot$4 ,x 0 sanction$ by ,jesus 7,matt4 #ai3ah f47 z "o ( ! two *ief comm&m5ts on :i* hang ! :ole law & ! prophets 7,matt4 #bb3ch-dj74 ,love ( ,god & man cov]s all else4 ,"o may comp>e also ! ,gold5 ,rule z giv5 by ,jesus 9 ,mat!w #g3ab1 :i* is j ano!r way ( /at+ ! royal law ( lov+ "o's neighbor 7"o ne> 9 ne$1 :e!r 9 proximity or n7 z oneself1 a v high /&>d = mo/ p4 ,! royal law =bids ! p>tiality 9 *ur* ( :i* ,james has be5 speak+1 ?is respect ( p]sons4 ,x is m ?an an error ( judgm5t or a brea* ( etiquette4 ,x is an act ( s91 a slip 9 e?ics1 a miss+ ( ! m>k t is fraught ) grave consequ5ces4 ,x is bad en\gh to be convict$ by ! law z transgressors by ?is s]vile reg>d = ! ri*4 ,x is worse to note ! evil effect on ! *ur* & ! community4 ,a *ur* ( a clique is doom$4 ,a *ur* is only ( use :5 x is op5 to ! p :o ne$ ! help ( ! gospel4 ,! *ur* op5s its doors to let p 91 does n put up b>s to keep !m out4 ,/umbl+ 9 ,"o ,po9t 7#b3aj f47 ,at fir/ blu% x seems t ,james has ,draconian sev]ity 9 ^! v]ses1 b x is n ! sev]e puni%m5t ( small crimes or v5ial (f5ses4 ,! long li/ ( capital crimes 9 anci5t ,engl& %[s h[ sl[ly m5 h le>n$ to temp] ju/ice ) m]cy4 ,"s ( ! ,/oics said t ! !ft ( a p5ny 0 z bad z p>ricide4 ,! 8blue laws0 ( ,connecticut come to m9d also4 ,james does n say t all s9s are equal1 t "o s9 is z bad z ano!r4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ea* man disc\nts 8 own s9s4 ,! rake looks ) scorn on ! graft]4 ,! man guilty ( spiritual pride sc\ts ! drunk>d4 ,x is a h>d task to conv9ce a man t he is guilty ( 8 own s94 ,! burd5 ( ! law 0 v heavy4 ,! curse ( ! law 7,gal4 #c3ac7 0 m ?an violation ( p>ticul> precepts1 ?\gh t 0 true to ! la/ detail 7,deut4 #aa3bf1 #bh1 #cb2 #bg3bf71 z ,jesus expla9$ 7,matt4 #e3ah f474 ,! ,jewi% fa!rs put a h$ge or f5ce ab\t ! law 7,pirke ,abo? i4 #a7 & made x v difficult to keep all ( x 7! law z a :ole1 h>d en\gh z x 071 plus ! traditions ( ! eld]s1 :i* (t5 contradict$ & set at naught ! comm&m5t ( ,god 7,m>k #g3h f474 ,comp>e ,sira* #bg3ab4 ,rabbi ,hunnah1 9 a midra% on ,numb]s #e3ad1 taught t he :o committ$ adult]y broke all comm&m5ts1 & "s ( ! rabbis plac$ ! sabba? above all else & held t if "o pr(an$ x1 he _h brok5 all ! comm&m5ts4 ,mayor1 p] contra1 quotes "s ( ! rabbis z say+ t to keep ! law ab\t fr+es & phylact]ies 0 to keep ! :ole law4 ,!re 0 a con/ant t5d5cy to make ! c]emonial cov] up moral & spiritual lapses4 ,augu/9e 7,epi/le to ,j]ome1 #afg7 comp>es ?is tea*+ ( ,james ) ! ,/oic doctr9e ( ! solid>ity ( virtues & vices z m5tion$4 ,b c]ta9ly ,james has a high] view ?an ^! hair-splitt+ punctilios4 ,paul saw t ! ess5ce ( s9 lies 9 ! motive 7,rom4 #ad3bc7 & t desire to glorify ,god %\ld p]vade all our acts 7#a ,cor4 #aj3ca74 ,x seems h>d to hold someone :o makes "o slip to /rict acc\nt & hold him guilty ( all4 ,t is true only 9 ! s5se t ,james proce$s to expla9 t any violation ( law makes "o a lawbreak]4#fi ,"o does n h to break all ! laws to become a lawbreak]4 ,"o (f5se places him 9 t category4 ,! matt] is put ) ?is %>p emphasis because ( ! complac5t self-satisfaction ( ! p]functory c]emoniali/ 7,james #a3bf71 :o may yet commit ! s9 ( p>tiality 9 *ur*4 ,james is seek+ to convict su* 8pi\s0 s9n]s ( _! guilt1 to r\se !m out ( _! smug self-satisfaction4 ,x is q possible t ^? :o 7 guilty ( spiritual pride & o!r s9s ( ! _s boa/$ ( _! fre$om f adult]y & murd] 7,hort74 ,at any rate1 we mu/ n =get t out ( ! he>t are ! issues ( life1 t murd] spr+s out ( hate & t all ( ,god's laws come f ! same w 7,mayor74 ,x is disob$i5ce to ! w ( ,god t con/itutes ! ess5ce ( s94 ,x is n a light matt] to be guilty ( any s94 ,our only hope is 9 ! grace & =giv5ess ( ,god4 ,!re is no room = pride on ! "p ( s9n]s1 sett+ up "o s9 aga9/ ano!r s94 ,a ,law ( ,lib]ty 7#b3ab f47 ,b ,james is n a ph>isaic legali/ nor a ,judaiz]4 ,he adds ^! v]ses to make x pla9 t he does n h 9 m9d ! pa9ful obs]vance ( sep>ate rules & details4 ,! _s is great] ?an ! lett]4 ,our words & de$s are to be judg$ by 8a law ( lib]ty0 7cf4 #a3be71 n ( bondage4 ,we are "u grace1 n ! old law4 ,we live 9 an atmosph]e ( love & lib]ty1 n ( repression & slav]y4 ,god wat*es ! real motive 9 our conduct t[>d ! ri* & ! poor z 9 all ?+s4 8,m]cy glorie? aga9/ judgm5t02 m]cy triumphs ov] judgm5t4 ,god %[s m]cy to u 9 spite ( our %ortcom+s1 = ,jesus is ! pl$ge ( our fidelity & our hope4 ,we make s _m mi/akes t we %\ld h no he>t to g on if we _h to be held to /rict acc\nt e "t we /umbl$ 9 "o po9t4 ,/ill1 we mu/ n ov]look ! fact t we did /umble4 ,x is our duty n to /umble at t po9t aga94 ,s we g on our /umbl+ way t[>d t goal ( p]fection :i* is ev] be=e u4 ,x 0 ,jesus :o said1 8,judge n1 t ye be n judg$0 7,matt4 #g3a74 ,james seems to "k ?is say+1 z he lays emphasis on ! _s & motive 9 holy liv+4 ,,vii ,! ,appeal to ,life ,we n[ come to ! fam\s passage t is suppos$ by "s s*ol>s to be an attack on ,paul's doctr9e ( salvation by fai? in/ead ( works4 ,james is int]pret$ by _m to be a *ampion ( works z aga9/ ,paul's !ory ( grace4 ,x is an old controv]sy & is ! occasion ( ,m>t9 ,lu!r's slight+ allusion to ! ,epi/le ( ,james z 8a v]itable epi/le ( /raw40 ,he ?\ght x contradict$ ! ,epi/le ( ,galatians1 :i* he lov$ de>ly z 8 8wife40 ,x is necess>y1 !re=e1 to cle> ! atmosph]e a bit be=e proce$+ to ! exposition4 ,! ,/&po9t ( ,james ,?is dep5ds on ! date ( ! epi/le4 7,= ! discussion ( ?is "q1 see *apt] ,i47 ,x is "h assum$ t ,james wrote be=e ! ,j]usalem ,conf]5ce1 be=e ,a4,d4 #ej4 ,paul wrote ,galatians & ,romans1 z well z #a & #b ,cor9?ians1 9 ! heat ( ! ,judaiz+ controv]sy1 to answ] ! cont5tion t circumcision 0 ess5tial to ! salvation ( ! ,g5tiles1 t ,*ri/ianity alone 0 n suffici5t b mu/ be supplem5t$ by ,judaism4 ,no issue ev] /irr$ ,paul's nature l ?is4 ,x is possible t ,paul may h _h 9 m9d a misuse ( ,james #b3ad-bf by ! ,judaiz]s :5 he wrote1 kn[+ t ,james 9 reality agre$ ) him 9 ! matt] 7,acts #ae3ad-ba2 ,gal4 #b3a-aj74 ,b ,james cle>ly is n attack+ ,paul or ,paul's !ory ( grace4 ,he r has 9 view a p]v]sion ( ! ,*ri/ian emphasis on ! spiritual side z oppos$ to ! c]emonial ritualism ( ! ,ph>isees4 ,! p5dulum sw+s f "o extreme to ! o!r4 ,! ,jews _h laid too mu* emphasis on religi\s duties 7cf4 ,james #a3bf71 & "s ( ! ,*ri/ians w5t to ! extreme ( ?9k+ t no works at all 7 ne$$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian life4 ,"s ( ! ,jews1 on ! o!r h&1 _h already gone s f> z to consid] cre$ alone ess5tial4 8,z soon z a man has ma/]$ ! ?irte5 heads ( ! fai?1 firmly believ+ !re9 444 ?\gh he may h s9n$ 9 e possible way 444 /ill he inh]its et]nal life40#gj ,?is ,jewi% unconc]n = real piety 9 life is reflect$ 9 ! lives ( "s ( ! ,jewi% ,*ri/ians & is ! occasion ( ! rem>ks ( ,james4 ,james's use ( righte\sness or ju/ification is 9 ! s5se ( actual goodness z ,jesus uses x 9 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt 7,matt4 #f3a7 & ( sanctification z ,paul has x 9 ,romans #f to #h4 ,x is n ! 8imput$ righte\sness0 ( ,paul 9 ,romans #c & #d4 ,james has a practical purpose1 n a !ological "o4 ,he is n discuss+ ! "q z to h[ ,abraham 0 set "r ) ,god1 h[ fai? 0 reckon$ z righte\sness1 ! po9t seiz$ on by ,paul 9 ! v]se4 ,james quotes ! :ole v]se 7,g54 #ae3f71 z ,paul does1 b he is conc]n$ ) x z pro( t :5 put to ! te/1 ,abraham liv$ up to 8 fai? 9 t he actually 8(f]$ up ,isaac 8 son ^u ! alt>0 7,james #b3ba74 ,x is ! de$ z pro( ( fai? t ,james emphasizes1 ?\gh bo? po9ts are 9 ! n>rative4 ,james looks ^u works z pro( ( fai?1 n z means ( salvation4 ,john ! ,bapti/ _h dem&$ 8fruits wor?y ( rep5tance0 7,luke #c3h74 ,jesus _h said1 8,by _! fruits ye %all "k !m0 7,matt4 #g3bj74 ,paul w discuss dea? to s9 on ! "p ( ! believ] 7,rom4 #f3a-aa74 ,pet] w %[ h[ ! life w make ! call+ & election sure 7#b ,pet] #a3aj74 ,! :ole ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews is a cl>ion call to hold fa/ ! confession ( fai? to ! end4 ,john w insi/ t ^? :o say !y are 9 ! light d n walk 9 d>kness 7#a ,john #a3f2 #b3i74 ,c]ta9ly !n1 ,james is 9 h>mony ) ! full drift ( ! gospel message 9 8 insi/5ce on works z pro( ( ! new life4 ,paul1 9 8 contra/ betwe5 fai? & works1 has 9 m9d ! ,jewi% doctr9e ( works z means ( salvation4 ,see #b ,esdras #i3g f43 8,:oev] %all be able to escape ei!r by 8 works or by 8 fai? %all see my salvation40 ,& ev5 "h 8by fai?0 does n mean :at ,paul has 9 m9d1 sav+ tru/1 b r cre$4 ,! ,ph>isees taught ! value ( works ( sup]]ogation1 ! 8m]it0 ( ! fa!rs1 9 p>ticul>1 ! m]it ( ,abraham1 ^: fai? & works 7 a /oreh\se = ! ,jews4 8,we h ,abraham to our fa!r40 ,t 0 en\gh4 ,s ! ,roman ,ca?olics hold t ! sa9ts may help u out ( purgatory if we pay en\gh = _! int]cession4 ,pray] itself becomes an opus op]atum1 a cr$it 9 ! balance %eet ) ,god4 ,mo/ ,jews held works alone to be ! means ( salvation4 ,! po9t 0 ke5ly discuss$ 9 ! ,jewi% s*ools 9 ,j]usalem & ,alex&ria4 ,z to fai?1 9 ?is passage he is ?9k+ ( m]e intellectual ass5t to ! unity ( ,god or o!r !ological t5ets4 ,?is 0 ! use ( 8fai?0 by _m ( ! ,jews4 ,aft] "s ( !m became ,*ri/ians1 !y got no fur!r4 ,x is ?is idle & empty fai? t ,james is condemn+4 ,james does h ! o!r s5se ( tru/ = ! ^w1 z 9 #b3a1 8fai? 9 our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/10 ! s5se 9 :i* ,paul uses ! t]m :5 he contra/s x ) works 7,rom4 #c3bj-cj74 ,x is q important to note ?is di/9ction4 ,! anti!sis 9 ,james is n1 9 reality1 betwe5 fai? & works b betwe5 live fai? & dead fai?1 ! two uses ( ! t]m j m5tion$4 ,9 v]se #ah ! po9t is made absolutely cle>4 ,x is n p]sonal tru/ 9 ,*ri/ t ,james ridicules b an empty !ological t5et t does n /& ! te/ ( actual life4 ,s !n1 ,james & ,paul g (f at tang5ts :5 ! same words occur1 = !y are talk+ ab\t diff]5t ?+s4 ,n ,pi\s ,pret5se 7#b3ad-ag7 ,once m ,james corrects a possible misappreh5sion4 ,he prop]ly places m]cy above ju/ice1 b no "o ne$ ?9k = a mom5t t good de$s d n matt]4 ,god is full ( m]cy1 b !re is a limit ev5 ) ,god4 ,he dem&s "s p]=mance1 n m]e pr(ession4 8,:at do? x pr(it80 ,james po9t$ly asks4 ,cui bono8 ,:at is ! use8 ,:at good is x = a man to say he has fai? :o has no works to prove 8 fai?8 ,h[ c m5 "k t he has any fai?8 ,! m]e ass]tion is all t m5 h at fir/4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ! claim to fai? is accept$1 b ! life mu/ confirm ! claim if m5 are to cont9ue to believe x4 ,god c read ! he>t1 b ev5 ,god dem&s t ! life %[ ! *ange ( he>t4 ,! life mu/ give expression to :at ! he>t has felt4 ,james asks aga93 8,c t fai?#ga save him80 ,he does n sc(f at fai? b at su* holl[ 8fai?0 z ?is4 ,james "h speaks = ! practical man ( ! pres5t day :o wi%es to see "s real diff]5ce 9 ! life ( a man :o becomes a ,*ri/ian4 ,x is an old dem&1 z we see 9 #a ,john #a & #b4 ,!re is no escape f ?is appeal to life1 nor ought !re to be4 ,m5 are judg$ by _! conduct 9 bus9ess dur+ ! week z mu* z by _! att5dance at *ur* on ,sunday4 ,james does n say t a ,*ri/ian has no faults & nev] s9s or is a hypocrite if he s9s once4 ,he does say t he %\ld h "s fai?4 ,8 illu/ration 9 v]ses #ae & #af is v =cible & %[s t he 0 probably a /rik+ & popul> prea*] 7,oe/]ley74 ,x is a problem t is con/antly pres5t$ to our mod]n ,*ri/ians & *ur*es4 ,a bro!r or si/] is 9 ne$ ( food & clo?+4 ,!y are out ( "w because ( ! economic conditions beyond _! control4 ,!y are n pr(essional begg>s4 ,"o may pause to admit ! s]i\s difficulty ( kn[+ h[ to r5d] real assi/ance to ^? :o come to our doors = help4 ,! mod]n social work]s tell u n to give money & clo?+ b to inve/igate ! case or to h ! *>ity organization or "s ( ! rescue work]s to d x = u4 ,! great numb] ( tramps & pr(essional begg>s ) false /ories t5ds to h>d5 our he>ts to ! _m cases ( real ne$ all ab\t u4 ,"s ( ^! are too pr\d to make _! real condition kn[n & actually />ve to dea? or p]i% f disease & cold4 ,james "h assumes t ! case is "o ( real ne$ t des]ves sympa?y & help4 ,! man :o prides himself ^u ! correctness ( 8 pr(essional cre$ & pi\s /&+ be/[s k9d words ( sympa?y & no?+ else1 s5d+ ! suff]+ bro!r or si/]1 8ill-clad & %ort ( daily food0 7,m(fatt71 out into ! bitt] cold & %utt+ ! door ) a s5se ( satisfaction aft] su* pi\s platitudes z1 8,g 9 peace1 be ye w>m$ & fill$40 ,he calls 8 *eap words ,*ri/ian sympa?y4 ,x is en\gh to make demons laugh4 ,! irony ( ,james is ke54 8,! ?+s ne$ful to ! body10 ! ord9>y necessities ( life1 n[ become r>e luxuries to ! poor bro!r or si/]4 ,s ,james repeats 8 qu]y3 8,:at do? x pr(it80 ,x is p]t95t p] contra to quote ,paul on ! necessity ( love ev5 9 b5efic5ce3 8,& if ,i be/[ all my goods to fe$ ! poor1 & if ,i give my body to be burn$1 b h n love1 x pr(ite? me no?+0 7#a ,cor4 #ac3c74 ,:at1 inde$6 ,"o recalls ! compassion ( ,jesus = ! hungry multitudes :om he f$4 ,8 he>t 0 n h>d5$4 ,he did n ask !m to be satisfi$ ) honey$ words & ! aroma ( d9n]4 ,! pi\s pret5d]s actually ?9k t ! ne$y %\ld be grateful = k9d advice :5 s5t away )\t a m\?ful to eat4 ,james applies 8 illu/ration to ! po9t discuss$ 7v4 #ag74 ,m]e pr(essional fai? t talks & does n 8is dead 9 itself40 ,!re is no life 9 x1 no reality4 ,x is dead on ! inside & is a m]e empty %ell ( pi\s pret5se4 ,!re are p :o today turn to our *ur*es = help 9 ! h\r ( ne$ & get only empty words4 ,x w be 9 va9 !n to speak ab\t ! grace ( ,god4 ,n ,m]e ,intellectual ,ass5t 7#b3ah-ai7 ,x is extremely difficult to foll[ ! ?\ght ( ,james 9 v]se #ah4 ,he is usually wond]fully p]spicu\s1 b "h we are 9 d\bt z to ! punctuation & ! ref]5ce 9 8a man40 ,"s s*ol>s ?9k t x is a delicate way t ,james has ( ref]r+ to himself1 b !n ,james is emphasiz+ works1 n m]e fai?4 ,is ! s5t5ce a "q or an ass]tion8 ,%all we say 8b0 or 8yea08 ,hort has %[n a way out t is p>tly foll[$ by ,m(fatt4 ,take ! 8man0 z an objector1 b let 8 objection cov] only ! fir/ s5t5ce1 ! po9t be+ to *all5ge ! fai? ( ,james1 s9ce he has put su* acc5t on works4 8,?\1 ,james1 ha/ ?\ fai?8 ,i also 7z well z ?\7 h works40 ,! objector ?us claims to h bo? fai? & works b implies t ,james has only works & no fai?4 ,! re/ ( ! v]se is !n ! reply ( ,james to ! objector4#gb ,james bur/s 9 ) ! answ] to ! *all5ge & re/s 8 claim to fai? on works z pro(4 8,%[ me ?y fai? ap>t f ?y works1 & ,i by my works w %[ !e my fai?40 ,"h ,james pits ov] aga9/ ea* o!r ! two sorts ( fai?--! true fai? :i* ,james claims to possess & :i* is prov$ by works & ! false fai? :i* is m]e pr(ession & entirely ap>t f works4 ,! anti!sis is complete4 ,! dispute turns on h[ "o kn[s t he has fai?4 ,james re/s 8 case on 8 works & 9 turn *all5ges ! objector to prove 8 fai? ap>t f works4 ,n[ ,james is ready to drive ! po9t home4 ,he proce$s to %[ t su* an empty fai? z 8 objector has is m]e intellectual ass5t to propositions & is n sav+ tru/ t be>s fruit 9 ! life4 8,?\ believe/ t ,god is "o40 ,?is is "o ( ! /atem5ts ( ! unity ( ,god4 ,! usual =mula occurs 9 ,deut]onomy #f3d & 9 ,m>k #ab3bi 78,! ,"l our ,god1 ! ,"l is "o074 ,! recitation ( ?is phrase 0 n m]ely ! or?odox cre$ b 0 suppos$ to h sav+ efficacy 7cf4 ! ,moslem repetition ( 8,allah074 ,f ! "t ( ! exile ! repetition ( ! ,%ema 7,deut4 #f3d ff47 ea* morn+ & ev5+ 0 ! duty ( e pi\s ,israelite4 8,:oev] reads ! ,%ema ^u 8 c\* is z "o t def5ds himself ) a two-edg$ sword0 7,meg4 #c;a74 8,!y cool ! flames ( ,geh9nom = him :o reads ! ,%ema0 7,b]4 #ae;b74 ,oe/]ley 79 loco7 adds t 8! v p>*m5t on :i* ! ,%ema is writt5 is efficaci\s 9 keep+ demons at a di/ance40 ,^! /atem5ts w help u to und]/& ! atmosph]e f :i* ,james draws 8 illu/ration4 ,& yet ,james does n ridicule ?is m5tal ass5t to ! on5ess ( ,god4 8,?\ doe/ well40 ,or?odoxy is bett] ?an h]esy4 ,or?odoxy is 8?9k+ /raight10 & t is :at we all ne$ to d4 ,e man is "r 9 8 own eyes1 & ! re/ are a bit 8(f40 ,b good z mono!ism is1 x is n en\gh 7cf4 ,mohamm$anism aga974 ,:at ,james criticizes is m]e intellectual ass5t ) no vital union ) ,god4 8,! demons also believe10 z well z y4 ,! demons "k only too well t ,god is & t he is "o4 ,!y are mono!i/s1 n poly!i/s4 ,!y recogniz$ ,jesus3 8,:at h we to d ) !e1 ,jesus ( ,naz>e?8 art ?\ come to de/roy u8 ,i "k !e :o ?\ art1 ! ,holy ,"o ( ,god0 7,m>k #a3bd74 ,comp>e ,mat!w #h3bi & ,luke #d3da4 ,! demons are ?or\ghly or?odox on ?is po9t1 h intellectual ass5t 78fai?071 b !y are /ill demons4 ,!y ev5 %udd] at ! fact & ! p[] ( ,god z !y fe>$ ,jesus 7,m>k #a3bd2 ,luke #h3bi74 ,! ^w means to 8bri/le10 l ! ,lat9 horreo1 ) ! hair /&+ on end4 8,!n a _s pass$ be=e my face2 ! hair ( my fle% /ood up0 7,job #d3ae74 ,s ,daniel 7#g3ae7 says1 8,my _s 0 griev$40 ,! argum5t is z complete z x c be4 ,! ,ob$i5t ,tru/ ( ,abraham 7#b3bj-bd7 ,b ,james applies 8 illu/ration aga94 ,he hamm]s ! objector :ile he has him4 8,b wilt ?\ "k1 ,o va9 man80 78y s5seless fell[10 ,m(fatt74 ,! ^w is us$ l ! ,lat9 vanus ( boa/]s or impo/ors1 m5 ^: ^w _c be dep5d$ ^u4 ,y c "k1 if y wi% to "k1#gc 8t fai? ap>t f works is b>r510 8fai? )\t de$s is dead0 7,m(fatt71 accord+ to "s manuscripts4 ,"o may note #b ,pet] #a3h1 8n idle nor unfruitful40 ,fai? )\t works is l a b>r5 woman1 )\t *ildr5 to com=t h]4 8,*ildr50 & 8works0 are sometimes us$ z p>allel4 8,wisdom is ju/ifi$ by h] works0 7,matt4 #aa3ai72 8wisdom is ju/ifi$ ( all h] *ildr50 7,luke #g3ce74 ,james ?us %[s irritation at ! dulness ( 8 objector1 b he hopes to make ev5 su* a man see ! po9t by appeal+ to ! axiomatic case ( ,abraham4 ,! fai? ( ,abraham 0 "o ( ! commonplaces ( !ological discussion 9 ! rabb9ical s*ools 7,oe/]ley74 ,see ,sira* #dd3bj ff42 ,wisdom #aj3e4 ,x is no wond] t ,paul 7,rom4 #d2 ,gal4 #c3g7 makes use ( ! case ( ,abraham4 ,he consid]s x s important t 9 ,romans he devotes a :ole *apt] to ! subject4 ,paul lays *ief emphasis 7,rom4 #d3ag-ba7 on ,abraham's fai? 9 ! promise ( a son4 ,paul also proves t ,abraham _h ! ju/ify+ fai? be=e he 0 circumcis$4 ,james %[s t ,abraham liv$ up to 8 fai? :5 put to ! te/4 ,bo? po9ts are true4 ,!re 0 abuse ( ! fai? ( ,abraham4 ,?us ,rabbi ,nehemiah 7,me*ilta on ,ex4 #ad3ca7 says3 8,s ,abraham1 solely = ! m]it ( 8 fai?1 :]eby he believ$ 9 ! ,"l1 inh]it$ ?is _w & ! o!r40 ,! ,jews came to rely s mu* on ! 8m]it0 ( ,abraham's fai? t !y felt t all !y _h to d 0 to say1 8,we h ,abraham to our fa!r0 7,matt4 #c3i74 ,!y lean$#gd on 8,fa!r ,abraham40 ,9 #a ,maccabees #b3eb ! same use is made ( ! case ( ,abraham t we h 9 ,james3 8,0 n ,abraham f\nd fai?ful 9 trial1 & x 0 reckon$ to him = righte\sness80 ,9 ,hebrews #aa ! same exposition ( fai? is set =? by ! glori\s li/ ( h]oes :o exemplifi$ fai?4 ,among ^! h]oes is ,abraham1 :o obey$ to g out 7#aa3h7 to a di/ant l& & :o (f]$ up 8 only begott5 son 7#aa3ag74 ,james appeals confid5tly1 !re=e1 to ! example ( ,abraham 9 (f]+ up ,isaac ^u ! alt> 7cf4 ,g54 #bb3i74 ,he _h %[n t he s]v$ ,god f love & n m]ely f fe>4 ,8 fai? _h /ood ! sev]e/ ( all te/s--believ+ t ,god w\ld g ) him d[n into ! d>kness ( dea? & make pla9 8 comm& t 0 s h>d to obey4 ,james int]prets ! case ( ,abraham ) 8 usual pung5cy4 8,?\ see/10 or at lea/1 8?\ oughte/ to see40 ,! d$uction is inevitable4 8,fai? wr\ght ) 8 works10 8fai? coop]at$ ) de$s0 7,m(fatt71 j ! opposite ( 8ap>t f works40 ,x is ?us cle> t ,james did n mean to say t ,abraham _h only works & n fai?4 ,x is fai? & works ) ,abraham1 z he _h cont5d$ 9 v]se #ah4 ,x is l ,paul's 8fai? work+ ?r\gh love10 en]getic fai?4 ,s ,james adds3 8by works 0 fai? made p]fect10 8complet$ by de$s0 7,m(fatt74 ,?us ) ,abraham fai? 0 %[n to be alive1 n dead2 fruitful1 n b>r52 br\ght to a good result or end1 n cut %ort ) m]e pr(ession or promise4 ,s ! ,scripture 0 fulfill$ 7made full or complete7 9 ! case ( ,abraham3 8,& ,abraham believ$ ,god1 & x ! fai? 0 reckon$ set d[n to 8 cr$it unto him = righte\sness40 ,paul 9 ,romans #d lays emphasis on ! v]b 8believ$10 & ,james /resses ! ob$i5ce :i* proves ! reality ( ! tru/4 ,bo? po9ts are ju/ly made4 ,9 ea* in/ance fai? prec$es ! works4 ,we are set "r ) ,god by tru/1 b ! life mu/ correspond to ! new relation ) ,god4 ,x 0 s ) ,abraham4 ,he 0 call$ 8! fri5d ( ,god40 ,comp>e #b ,*ronicles #bj3g4 8,%all ,i hide f ,abraham t :i* ,i d80 7,g54 #ah3ag74 ,) ! ,arabs ! t]m 8,khalil ,allah0 7,fri5d ( ,god7 is ! curr5t "n = ,abraham4 ,epictetus 7bk4 ,,ii1 *ap1 xvii1 #bi7 speaks ( look+ 8up into heav5 z ! fri5d ( ,god40 ,plato calls ! righte\s man 8on t]ms ( fri5d%ip ) ,god40 ,jesus calls 8 disciples 8fri5ds10 no long] 8s]vants10 9 ,john #ae3ad f4 ,!re _c be su* fri5d%ip )\t tru/ ( ! mo/ absolute k9d1 a tru/ t means loyalty to ! end4 ,"o mu/ n ?9k t ,james discr$its fai?4 ,he does n4 ,he assumes ! ne$ ( x4 ,9 v]se #bd ,james uses 8ju/ifi$0 m 9 ! s5se ( f9al approval 7set "r at la/7 ?an ( ! initial re/oration ( peace ) ,god4 ,& ev5 s 8! fai? z a gr\nd ( ju/ification is assum$ z a />t+ po9t0 7,hort74 8,ye see10 says ,james1 leav+ 8 imag9>y oppon5t & turn+ aga9 to 8 read]s4 ,!y c see ! po9t1 :e!r ! empty-head$ disputant does or n4 ,x is h>d = a controv]siali/ to see any?+ b 8 own side ( ! "q4 ,x is 8n only by fai?0 t a man is ju/ifi$4 ,! case ( ,abraham %[s t works mu/ foll[ fai? 9 ! natural ord] ( grace4 ,james has adm9i/]$ a sev]e rebuke to ! ant9omians :o d5y any responsibility = holy liv+ & disclaim ! =ce ( ! moral law4 ,!re has always be5 a curi\s type ( pietism t runs easily into immorality ) no compunctions ( consci5ce1 a sort ( emotionalism )\t e?ical tone or flavor4 ,abraham 0 n simply ! fa!r ( ! ,jewi% p b ! fa!r ( all ! spiritual ,israel--! believ+ *ildr5 ( ,god 9 all ! ages s9ce1 :o =m ! elect ( ,god & ( ! e>?4 ,! ,case ( ,rahab 7#b3be7 ,"o wond]s :y ,james selects a case l ?is aft] speak+ ( ,abraham1 ! fa!r ( ! fruitful & ,god's fri5d4 ,oe/]ley d\bts h[ ?is v]se c\ld come f ! p5 ( a ,*ri/ian4 ,b ,james may h wi%$ to select ano!r example at ! fur!/ possible po9t f ,abraham1 a hea!n & a proselyte1 8! fir/ ( all ! proselytes0 9 ! l& ( ,canaan 7,hort74 ,c]ta9ly if a woman l ,rahab c\ld be sav$1 no "o else ne$ despair4 ,%e express$ h] fai? 9 ,god3 8,i "k t ! ,"l ha? giv5 y ! l& 444 ! ,"l y\r ,god1 he is ,god 9 heav5 above1 & 9 e>? b5ea?0 7,jo%4 #b3i1 #aa1 ,,av74 ,besides1 %e %[$ h] c\rage by av[+ ! cause ( ,jehovah & ( ,israel1 by protect+ ! mess5g]s 7spies1 9 reality71 & by a life ( uprightness !reaft]4 ,x 0 a crisis 9 ! hi/ory ( ,israel z !y came to ,j]i*o1 & ,rahab took h] /& = ,god at ! />t2 h5ce ! high honor accord$ h]4 ,%e is m5tion$ 9 ,hebrews #aa3ca 9 ! fam\s li/ ( h]oes ( fai?4 ,9 ,mat!w #a3e %e appe>s 9 ! g5ealogy ( ,*ri/4 ,%e 0 c\nt$ "o ( ! f\r *ief beauties ( ,israel along ) ,s>ah1 ,abigail1 & ,e/h] 7,mayor74 8,eight prophets :o 7 also prie/s are desc5d$ f ! h>lot ,rahab0 7,megilla #ad;b74 ,c]ta9ly !re is no desire 9 ,james nor 9 ,hebrews to dignify h] infam\s trade1 :i* %e r5\nc$1 b only to s+le h] out z a br& snat*$ f ! burn+ by ! p[] ( ,god4 ,! ,union ( ,fai? & ,works 7#b3bf7 ,?is is :at ,james pleads =1 n ! divorce betwe5 cre$ & conduct1 :i* is alas only too preval5t ev5 today4 ,!re %\ld be an indissoluble m>riage betwe5 fai? & works1 a union z close z t betwe5 _s & body4 8,= z ! body ap>t f ! _s is dead1 ev5 s fai? ap>t f works is dead40 ,by 8_s0 "h ,james means simply ! brea? ( life1 )\t :i* ! body is dead4 8,false fai? is virtually a corpse0 7,hort74 ,by ?is /rik+ p>adox ,james attacks ! root ( ! :ole matt] & has 8 la/ ^w on ! subject4 ,hort rem>ks t ,james by ! use ( ! phrase 8ju/ifi$ by works0 seems to be answ]+ ,paul 9 ,romans #d3b or a misuse ( ,paul's 8ju/ifi$ by fai?0 7,rom4 #e3a71 ?\gh he does n see h[ ,james c\ld h se5 ,paul4 ,i h already express$ my own conviction t ,james & ,paul are n really answ]+ "o ano!r4 ,!y are discuss+ diff]5t aspects ( ! subject & t\* only at po9ts & g (f along o!r l9es4 ,9 all probability ea* w\ld agree to ! /atem5ts ( ! o!r if ! language ( ea* 7 put 9 ! prop] p]spective4 ,c]ta9ly !y agre$ :5 !y 7 toge!r 9 ,j]usalem 7,acts #ae2 ,gal4 #b3a-aj74 ,b x is important = u t our fai? %all be real & vital1 n holl[ & dead4 ,,viii ,! ,tongues ( ,tea*]s ,james c>ries on ! discussion ( 8sl[ to speak0 7#a3ai74 ,he has j be5 writ+ ab\t idle fai? 9 #b3ad-bf1 & n[ he proce$s 7,plumm]7 to exp\nd ! p]il ( ! idle ^w1 8wrong spee* aft] wrong action0 7,hort74 ,inde$1 9 #a3bf he has already m5tion$ ! failure to bridle ! tongue z a sure sign ( va9 religion4 ,n[ he exp&s ! matt] 9 a rem>kable p>agraph4 ,! transition is ?us n s abrupt z at fir/ seems to be ! case1 & app>5tly f ! fir/ he plann$ ?is discussion ( ! tongue4 ,probably x comes "h 7,plumm]7 because controv]sies ab\t fai? & works 7 already rife4 ,"h ,james speaks 8aga9/ ^? :o sub/itute words = works0 7,plumm]71 a r l>ge class4 8,9 noble uprightness1 he values only ! /rict practice ( concrete duties1 & hates talk0 7,reuss71 if x is only talk4 ,james has ! gift ( cond5sation4 ,he c write on talk )\t tak+ tw5ty volumes1 l ,c>lyle1 to prove t if spee* is silv]n1 sil5ce is gold5 7,plumm]74 ,! 8ov]valuation ( !ory z comp>$ ) practice0 7,mayor7 condemn$ 9 *apt] ,,ii is /ill pres5t ) ,james z he discusses ! tongue4 ,an ,ov]supply ( ,tea*]s 7#c3a;a7 ,we are n "h to ?9k simply ( (ficial tea*]s l ,paul's apo/les1 prophets1 tea*]s 7#a ,cor4 #ab3bh f42 ,eph4 #d3aa74 ,9 ! ,dida*e 7xiii4 #b1 xv4 #a1 #b7 tea*]s are plac$ on a p> ) prophets & high] ?an bi%ops & deacons4 ,!re is no d\bt t tea*+ receiv$ trem5d\s emphasis 9 ! "w ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians4 ,jesus is ! great ,tea*] ( ! ages & is usually pres5t$ z tea*+4 ,9 ! ,jewi% 8h\ses ( le>n+0 7synagogues7 tea*+ 0 z prom95t an elem5t z wor%ip4 ,! (ficial tea*]s pass$ away1 & ! mod]n ,sunday s*ool movem5t is an ef=t to re/ore ! tea*+ function 9 ! *ur*es4 ,! true prea*] %\ld be a tea*] also1 b _m prea*]s are m evangeli/ic & hortatory ?an didactic4 ,! be/ prea*]s comb9e all ^! elem5ts & build up ! sa9ts 9 ! fai? to :i* !y h be5 won4 ,! mission "w ( mod]n ,*ri/ianity also has _h to lay new emphasis on ! educational side ( ,*ri/ian ef=t4 ,!re is no reason :y ! morn+ s]vice 9 public wor%ip %\ld n be a tea*+ s]vice & ! ev5+ s]vice m evangeli/ic4 ,tea*]s are necess>y4 ,p 8hav+ it*+ e>s1 w heap to !mselves tea*]s aft] _! own lu/s0 7#b ,tim4 #d3c74ge ,epictetus 7bk4 ,,iii1 *ap1 xxiii1 #bi7 says3 ,rufus 8us$ to speak 9 su* a way t ea* ( u z we sat ?\ght t someone _h accus$ u to him40 ,b ,james "h is ?9k+ ( ! un(ficial tea*]s 9 ! *ur*es4 ,9 ! ,jewi% synagogues !re 0 wide latitude all[$ = /rang]s & o!rs to speak4 ,jesus took advantage ( ?is opportunity & taught freely 9 ! synagogues 7,matt4 #ab3i ff42 ,m>k #a3ci2 ,luke #f3f ff474 ,!re w\ld be int]ruption & viol5t opposition at times 7cf4 ,john #f3ei-ff74 ,paul us$ ! c\rtesy to /rang]s to speak 9 ! ,jewi% synagogues & met ) op5 opposition at times 7cf4 ,acts #ac3ae1 #de2 #ah3f74 ,9 ,cor9? we h a /rik+ in/ance ( ! evil ( promiscu\s tea*+1 unre/ra9$ & unregulat$ 7#a ,cor4 #ad74 ,x became necess>y = ,paul to rebuke ! *ur* = unseemly disord]4 ,!re 7 _m :o 7 only too ready to be c>ri$ away by any newfangl$ doctr9e4 ,!re is safety 9 free discussion1 :i* acts z a safety valve & also leaves a deposit ( tru?4 ,b ! acrimoni\s _s _h a f9e opportunity to display itself4 ,m5 ( arrogant convictions & little k felt t !y 8_h no ne$ to le>n any?+ f _! bre?r51 b 7 fully equipp$ z tea*]s0 7,john/one71 8desir+ to be tea*]s ( ! law1 ?\gh !y und]/& nei!r :at !y say1 nor :]e( !y confid5tly affirm0 7#a ,tim4 #a3g74 ,"s m5 ) a c]ta9 flu5cy ( spee* really _h no message & only spoke out ( vanity & really 8?\ght m ( ! admiration :i* !y might excite by a display ( _! p[]s ?an ( ! light & /r5g? :i* ?r\gh ,gods grace !y might give _! bre?r50 7,dale74 ,evid5tly ,james is "h conc]n$ ) ^! promiscu\s1 (fici\s1 irresponsible1 self-appo9t$ tea*]s1 m5 ) a cocksure explanation ( all difficulties1 n afraid to ru% 9 :]e angels fe> to tread4 ,! _w 0 full ( rov+ tea*]s ) e sort ( pat5t ism to disp5se to ! public4 ,bo? ,jews & ,a!nians 7 eag] = some?+ new] ?an ! la/ /ale !ory 7! v late/ fad74 ,! synagogues ( ! ,jews & ! *ur*es ( ! ,*ri/ians (f]$ a f9e plat=m = ^! cranks to air _! notions4 ,besides1 "s ( ! be/ ( m51 e>ne/ ,*ri/ians1 h a 8lu/ = talk0 7,w4 ,rob]tson ,nicoll7 t leads !m into all sorts ( excesses4 ,james1 !re=e1 is plead+ = re/ra9t & mod]ation :5 he says1 8,be n _m ( y tea*]s10 8d n swell ! ranks ( ! tea*]s0 7,m(fatt74 ,tea*]s are absolutely necess>y1 b ! ?+ c be ov]done4 ,"s le>n]s 7disciples7 are ne$$4 ,lib]ty )9 reasonable limits mu/ be all[$1 b n rank lic5se4 ,m5 mu/ n be too eag] to tea* :at !y d n "k4 ,!re is no dang] ( an ov]supply ( well-equipp$ tea*]s1 :o are ma/]s ( ! message ( ,*ri/4 ,!re are /ill too _m :o are incompet5t1 & !re=e ! acc5t on tea*]-tra9+ 9 ! ,sunday s*ools is mo/ timely4 ,! caution ( ,james is p]t95t today1 b we mu/ n disc\rage timid s\ls :o c le>n to tea* & :o ought to und]take x4 ,! greatness ( ! tea*]'s task mu/ n be ov]look$4 ,james w>ns u aga9/ its abuse4 ,!re is a m5tal slo? t is z bad z ?is eag]ness to be tea*]s1 a lazy satisfaction ) ! elem5ts ( ,*ri/ianity & failure to gr[ into ! position ( tea*]s ( ! doctr9es ( grace1 cont9u+ z babes unable to dige/ solid food 7,heb4 #e3ab74 ,! ,p]il ( ,tea*]s 7#c3a;b7 ,tea*+ has to be done4 ,!re is no escape f t1 b ^? :o tea* mu/ und]/& _! responsibility4 ,!y are doctors 7f doceo1 to tea*7 ( ! m9d & he>t4 ,!y _c escape _! responsibility z spiritual surgeons1 = !y deal ) ! issues ( life & dea?1 8kn[+ t we %all receive heavi] judgm5t40 ,9 seasons ( religi\s excitem5t x is p>ticul>ly desirable t m5 %all be> ?is fact 9 m9d4 ,!re is dang] = ! tea*] & = ^? t he> & are l$ a/ray by fooli% talk4 ,feel+ 0 probably runn+ high 9 "s ( ! *ur*es1 & !re 0 occasion = ! sob]+ words ( ,james4 8,! p5alty ( untru? is untru?1 to imbibe :i* is dea?0 7,taylor74 ,"o has only to recall ! words ( ,jesus3 8,& ,i say unto y1 t e idle ^w t m5 %all speak1 !y %all give acc\nt !re( 9 ! day ( judgm5t4 ,= by ?y words ?\ %alt be ju/ifi$1 & by ?y words ?\ %alt be condemn$0 7,matt4 #ab3cf f474 ,x is easy to be ov]confid5t1 l ! complac5cy ( ! ,jews ( :om ,paul said t ea* 0 confid5t t he 0 8a corrector ( ! fooli%1 a tea*] ( babes0 7,rom4 #b3bj74 8,bl9d lead]s ( ! bl9d0 7,matt4 #ae3ad7 are !y4 ,x is bad en\gh to break "o ( ! lea/ comm&m5ts1 b :oev] does 8& %all tea* m5 s1 %all be call$ lea/ 9 ! k+dom ( heav50 7,matt4 #e3ai74 ,!re is no escap+ ! fact t a heavi] p5alty re/s on prea*]s & tea*]s :o leave a trail ( error beh9d !m4 ,?is po9t ( view expla9s ,paul's anxiety 9 ! pa/oral epi/les = ! future ( ,*ri/ianity1 z x _h to confront ,ph>isaism1 ,gno/icism1 ,mi?raism1 ! emp]or cult1 & ! hundr$ & "o vag>ies ( ! age4 ,c]ta9ly a tea*] mu/ speak 8 m9d4 ,he mu/ be intellectually hone/ & tell :at he sees1 b he is n call$ ^u to give 8 guesses at tru? z tru?4 ,he ought to be int]e/+ if he c1 b n at ! exp5se ( tru?4 ,fre$om ( tea*+ is q consonant ) fidelity to tru?4 ,"o does n h to be a m]e traditionali/ 9 ord] to escape wild speculation4 ,he mu/ br+ =? ?+s new & old if !y are true4 ,! sev]e/ words t fell f ! lips ( ,jesus are aga9/ ! ,ph>isees :o fill$ ! place ( tea*]s = ! ,jews b :o 8say1 & d n10 :o 8sit on ,moses' seat0 z au?oritative tea*]s & yet 8/ra9 out ! gnat1 & swall[ ! camel0 7,matt4 #bc3b-c1 #bd74 8,woe unto y lawy]s6 = ye took away ! key ( k3 ye ent]$ n 9 y\rselves1 & !m t 7 ent]+ 9 ye h9d]$0 7,luke #aa3eb74 ,! *ild 0 kept 9 ! d>k :ile at s*ool because ! tea*] did n let 9 ! light4 8,! hungry %eep look up & are n f$40 ,! ,te/ ( ,p]fection 7#c3b;a7 ,o!rs besides tea*]s h pitfalls1 = tea*]s are n ! only errant m54 8,= 9 _m ?+s we all /umble40 ,james includes himself 9 ?is category4 ,! ,vulgate reads 8ye0 9 v]se #a 7sumitis71 n will+ to admit t ,james ran any risk ab\t ! heavi] judgm5t2 b t is n ! correct text4 ,james %[s no disposition to exempt himself4 ,"o & all we make _m slips1 /umble ov] some?+ 9 ! pa?4 ,our falls are only too frequ5t4 ,:o is ! p]fect man8 ,s5eca 7,clem4 #a3f7 says1 8,we all s90 7peccamus omnes74 ,b ,epictetus 7bk4 ,,iv1 *ap4 iv1 #g7 uses ! ^w = s9 = m]ely 8commit a fault40 ,he has a weak conception ( s94 ,epictetus also 7bk4 ,i1 *ap4 xxviii1 #bc7 says1 8,no man /umbles on acc\nt ( ano!r's action40 ,b surely he is 9 error "h4 ,tea*]s are p>ticul>ly liable to /umble 9 spee*1 = precisely 9 t sph]e _! activity lies 7,plumm]74 ,?is po9t is common to all4 ,mo/ assur$ly1 all m5 are guilty ( s9s ( spee*4 ,ea* "o is sure to /umble !re soon] or lat]4 ,?is is a v easy te/ ( "o's p]fection4 ,he c be prodd$ by ! tongue4 8,! scribes & ! ,ph>isees began to press ^u him vehem5tly1 & to provoke him to speak ( _m ?+s2 lay+ wait ambu% = him1 to cat* z if wild game some?+ out ( 8 m\?0 7,luke #aa3 #ec f474 ,yes1 b !y 7 all ! m angry :5 ! "o p]fect ,man kept control ( 8 tongue4 ,sm>t lawy]s (t5 try to trip a witness 9 8 talk4 ,x is h>d to be consi/5t 9 talk1 true 9 talk1 clean 9 spee*4 8,if any /umble? n 9 ^w1 ! same is a p]fect man10 8:oev] avoids slips ( spee* is a p]fect man0 7,m(fatt74 8,?\ art sn>$ ) ! words ( ?y m\?0 7,prov4 #f3b74 ,comp>e ,sira* #bh3ab-bf = pung5t rem>ks on spee*4 8,t :i* proce$e? out ( ! m\?1 ?is defile? ! man0 7,matt4 #ae3aa74 ,! *emical reaction to talk is a te/ t we _c refuse4 ,tea*]s _c escape ?is inevitable te/4 ,! re/ ( ?is discussion consi/s ( a s]ies ( rem>kable illu/rations ( ! p[] ( ! tongue4 ,! ,bridle & ! ,horse 7#c3b;b-#c7 ,! man :o does control 8 tongue is able to bridle ! :ole body also 7cf4 #a3bf71 = ! body goes ) ! tongue4 ,9 fact1 no?+ is common] ?an = "o to make a ra% /atem5t & !n feel compell$ to /& by x = ! sake ( imag9>y consi/5cy4 ,hort ke5ly obs]ves t ! =ce ( 8also0 aft] 8! :ole body0 is t a man :o c bridle 8 tongue c bridle 8 :ole body4 ,! tongue is a real ,bucephalus1 & x takes an ,alex&] to ma/] him4 ,x is really wond]ful h[ a spirit$1 impetu\s horse c be subdu$ by bit & bridle4 ,! _s does n g out ( ! horse1 b 8 re/less en]gy is "u control & guidance4 ,james does n mean t a man %\ld be dumb & lifeless1 )\t ambition & p[]1 b simply t 8 tongue1 l all ! re/ ( ! body1 %\ld be kept 9 control4 ,?is figure ( bridl+ ! tongue1 z already not$ 7#a3bf71 is "o ( ! mo/ vivid figures 9 all languages4 ,david said3 8,i w take he$ to my ways1 t ,i s9 n ) my tongue3 ,i w keep my m\? ) a bridle0 7,psalm #ci3a74 ,x is n m]ely t ! tongue is s h>d to put a bridle on b also t ! tongue has su* an influ5ce on ! :ole body1 able ?us to lead ! body by ! bridle4#gf ,! horse has to foll[ 8 m\?1 9 :i* ! bridle is plac$4 ,! purpose ( ! bridle is t ! horses may obey u1 & x is ?or\ghly successful1 z a rule4 8,we turn ab\t _! :ole body also0 along ) ! m\?4 ,s we %\ld place bridles 9 our m\?s = ! delib]ate purpose ( controll+ ! tongue4 ,x w n happ5 by accid5t4 ,we are to repress ! impulsive & petulant ^w4 ,?us we tra9 our own tongues & make x easi] to subdue ! o!r memb]s ( ! body4 ,"o memb] _c be all[$ to lead ! :ole body into s94 ,pluck x out1 if x be ! "r eye or ! "r h& 7,matt4 #e3bi74 ,! memb]s ( ! body are all s relat$ z to be affect$ by :at ! o!rs exp]i5ce4 8,! eye _c say to ! h&1 ,i h no ne$ ( !e0 7#a ,cor4 #ab3ba74 ,)\t ?is bridle on ! tongue !re is no true self-control4 ,a tongue loose at bo? ends means a man :om ev]yone %uns z a nuisance4 ,if ! bridle is good = ! horse1 x is f> m s = ! man4 ,! diff]5ce is t ! man has to put ! bridle into 8 own m\? & 9 dual capacity z rid] & horse ma/] himself1 ! mo/ unmanageable ( /e$s4 ,a g>rul\s man is a bore at be/1 :ile a woman ) a %>p tongue is a t]ror to ! community4 ,tell no secrets to a talkative man1 & few to anyone save y\r wife4 ,a man :o talks to he> himself talk w be sure to tell :at he ought n to say4 ,! writ] ( ,hebrews refuses to g on ) too _m details ab\t 8 h]oes ( fai?1 8= ! "t w fail me if ,i tell0 7,heb4 #aa3cb71 8"t w leave me tell+40 ,if ! audi5ce held ! bridle1 ! prea*] might /op soon]4 ,! phonograph c be turn$ (f at w1 p]mitt+ only s mu* 8cann$0 talk at a "t4 ,& yet talk is "o ( ! mo/ delightful ?+s 9 all ! _w4 ,b !re c be too mu* ( a good ?+1 if1 =soo?1 x is good4 ,!re are few great] nuisances ?an ! int]rupt]1 :o breaks into a conv]sation ) no reg>d = ! c\rtesies ( ! occasion4 ,he is z bad z ! man :o monopolizes ! conv]sation & all[s no "o else to talk at all4 ,he ne$s a /opp]1 n a bridle1 9 8 m\?4 ,! ,rudd] & ! ,%ip 7#c3d7 ,) great weal? ( imag9ation ,james proce$s to illu/rate /ill fur!r ! p[] ( ! tongue ov] ! re/ ( ! body4 ,! po9t is cle> f ! illu/ration ( ! bridle & ! horse1 b x is made /ill cle>] by ! o!r figures4 ,! importance ( ! subject ju/ifies ?is pil+ up ( metaphors4 8,?is comb9ation ( ! horse's bridle & ! %ip's rudd] z illu/rative ( ! tongue is f\nd0 7,hort7 9 ,philo & ,plut>*4 8,! argum5t is =tiori f ! horse to ! man1 & /ill m f ! %ip to ! man1 s t ! :ole =ms a climax1 ! po9t be+ ?r\gh\t ! same1 namely1 ! smallness ( ! "p to be controll$ 9 ord] to h control ov] ! :ole0 7,plumm]74 ,! horse is an irrational creature & yet c be manag$ by ! bridle4 ,! %ip has no m9d at all & yet is mov$ 8by a v small rudd]10 8turn$ ab\t10 8:i!r ! impulse ( ! /e]sman wille?40 ,! 8impulse0 may be l 8! ru% ( wat]0 9 ,prov]bs #ba3a1 :i* is !re comp>$ to ! k+'s he>t1 = ,god 8turne? x :i!rsoev] he w10 or l ! ru% or onset ( ! ,g5tiles & ,jews to injure ,paul 9 ,iconium 7,acts #ad3e74 ,"h x is ! g5tle pressure or t\* ( ! h& ( ! /e]sman :o guides ! %ip on its c\rse /raight ahead1 z he decides 7int5tion1 purpose r ?an m]e w74#gg ,! complete ma/]y ( ! /e]sman ov] ! %ip is acc5t$ by a comp>ison ( ! size ( ! anci5t boats ) horses4 8,behold1 ev5 ! %ips0 7probably we are to translate 8ev50 r ?an 8also071 :i*1 ?\gh !y are s great 7cf4 #b ,cor4 #a3aj71 8are yet turn$ ab\t by ! impulse ( ! /e]sman10 ev5 :5 !y are be+ driv5 by r\gh w9ds 7if "h aga9 we translate 8ev50 in/ead ( 8also074 ,"o is rem9d$ ( ! boat 9 :i* ,jesus & ! disciples 7 cross+ ! ,sea ( ,galilee 8n[ 9 ! mid/ ( ! sea1 di/ress$ by ! waves0 7,matt4 #ad3bd74 ,! 8r\gh w9ds0 7cf4 ,prov4 #bg3af71 8/iff w9ds0 7,m(fatt71 7 p>ticul>ly dang]\s = ! small 7f our /&po9t7 %ips ( ! anci5ts4 ,b ! /e]sman c\ld hold to 8 c\rse ev5 ov] a r\gh sea4 ,! po9t ( ,james ab\t ! size ( ! %ips w\ld apply ) f> m =ce today1 :5 mod]n levia?ans ( ! deep pl[ ! wat]s4 ,!re is n[ less p]il f ! /iff w9ds1 b !re is all ! m gr\nd = wond] t ! t9y rudd] c control at w ! giant ( ! ocean4 ,! /e]sman c drive ! mighty mon/] /raight ^u an iceb]g & s9k x 9 a few m9utes1 z 9 ! cra% ( ! ,titanic4 ,great z ! %ip is1 ! sil5t =ces ( nature are /ill great]4 ,man has n yet ma/]$ all ! p[]s ( nature4 ,b ! %ip1 bl9d to its fate1 respond$ to ! w ( ! /e]sman1 :o da%$ aga9/ ! iceb]g4 ,! lesson is only too obvi\s4 ,"o mu/ wat* ! tongue if he is to avoid %ipwreck4 ,! tongue may da% ! :ole life 9 bl9d rage aga9/ ,god4 ,! %ip is "o ( ! mo/ beautiful ( objects z x rides ! waves 9 pr\d maje/y4 ,b m beautiful /ill is a life t is n m>r$ by bad or bitt] words4 ,plut>* 7,de ,g>rulitate1 #aj7 says t spee* beyond control is l a %ip out at sea1 brok5 loose f its moor+s4 ,! ,fire & ! ,=e/ 7#c3e f47 ,! p[] ( ! tongue ov] ! body 9 g5]al is %[n by ! bridle & ! rudd]4 ,n[ ! p[] ( ! tongue = evil is specifically illu/rat$ by ! metaphor ( fire4 ,true1 ! tongue is a little memb]1 & yet x 8boa/e? great ?+s10 8c boa/ ( great exploits0 7,m(fatt74 ,x is n a m]e empty boa/ t ! tongue c make4 ,x is h>d to exagg]ate ! p[] ( ! tongue1 :i* is able to sway great multitudes = good or ill1 to /ir ! wilde/ passions ( man to uncontrollable fury1 or to exalt m5 to ! highe/ emotions ( _! natures4 ,! tongue c soo! ! dy+ or damn ! liv+4 ,! tongue c s+ l a songbird or gr[l l a lion4 ,! tongue c speak words ( t5d]e/ love or ( v5om\s hate4 ,x c speak l a megaphone 9 trumpet tones or 9 a :isp] almo/ inaudible save to an eag] e>4 ,plumm] tells ! /ory ( ,amasis1 k+ ( ,egypt1 :o s5t a sacrifice to ,bias ! sage ) ! reque/ t he s5d back ! be/ "p & ! wor/4 ,he s5t back ! tongue4 ,james adds1 8,behold1 h[ mu* wood is k9dl$ by h[ small a fire10 8:at a =e/ is set ablaze by a little sp>k ( fire0 7,m(fatt74 ,! figure is t ( timb] or woodl& r ?an a pile ( wood4 ,mayor quotes ,milton3 8,into :at pit ?\ see/ f :at height fall540 ,! inflammatory ,ori5tal audi5ce ) ! high pit* ( voice1 confusion ( tongues1 & wild ge/iculation is aptly comp>$ to a =e/ fire 7,oe/]ley74#gh ,!re is pa?os 9 ! dreadful =e/ fires t annually deva/ate our c\ntry4 ,! damage ea* ye> am\nts to sev]al hundr$ millions ( doll>s1 besides ! injury to future g5]ations 9 ! loss ( ! bless+s 9 _m ways f ! =e/s4 ,9 mo/ in/ances ^! =e/ fires1 :i* rage ) uncontrollable fury :5 ! w9d gets up1 are due to accid5t or mis*ief4 ,a sp>k f an eng9e1 a cig>ette ?r[n 9 ! leaves1 a burn+ mat* ca/ to "o side by a hunt]1 a smold]+ campfire1 a %ot f a gun--^! & o!r l causes expla9 mo/ ( ! conflagrations4 ,! situation is s s]i\s t ! national gov]nm5t has a fire patrol to gu>d ! =e/ res]ves4 ,once a prairie fire />ts !re is h>dly any /opp+ x till x burns out4 ,mice & mat*es cause ov] twelve hundr$ fires ea* ye> 9 ,new ,york ,city4 ,only a />t is ne$$1 a />t long en\gh to get beyond control1 & we h ! horrible holocau/s ( ,*icago1 ,baltimore1 ,bo/on1 ,san ,francisco4 8,a burn+ fire k9dles _m heaps ( corn0 7,sir4 #aa3cb74 ,! s*olia/ on ?is v]se adds1 8,!re is no?+ :i* m deva/ates ! _w ?an an evil tongue40 ,n]o set fire to ,rome to see ! gr&eur ( ! spectacle1 & he fiddl$ :ile ! city burn$4 ,simil> irresponsibility is se5 (t5 9 ! reckless use ( ! tongue4 ,we %\ld n light a fire :i* c blaze beyond our control4 ,s ,james adds1 8,& ! tongue is a fire40 ,see ,prov]bs #af3bg1 8,& 9 8 lips !re is a scor*+ fire40 ,comp>e ,sira* #bh3ba-bc4 8,! effect is t ( an und]gr\nd flame1 conceal$ = a :ile1 !n break+ out afre%0 7,c>r74 ,inde$1 8! _w ( iniquity among our memb]s is ! tongue10 8! tongue proves a v _w ( mis*ief among our memb]s0 7,m(fatt74 ,! tongue 0 made = good use & 9 itself is good1 b x has be5 pro/itut$ to evil4 ,s "h ! v ^w = 8is0 7cf4 #d3d1 8make? himself07 br+s out ?is di/9ction4 ,! tongue 8is con/itut$0 s1 is n s by nature4 ,n[ we say t a man's tongue has run away ) him4 ,! tongue has made a c>e] = itself1 8! _w realm ( iniquity10 8! unrighte\s _w0 7,hort74 ,x 0 made ! be/ ( memb]s b has run riot till x has become ! p]sonification ( inju/ice & all sorts ( wrong4 ,! ,vulgate has x "h univ]sitas iniquitatis r ?an mundus4 ,"o ?9ks ( our use ( 8univ]sity10 a _w 9 itself = good or ill4 ,jesus spoke ( 8! mammon ( unrighte\sness10 8! judge ( unrighte\sness40 ,s ! tongue repres5ts ! _w ( iniquity & has become 8! *ief *annel ( temptation f man to man0 7,mayor74 8,!y set _! m\? aga9/ ! heav5s1 & _! tongue walke? ?r\gh ! e>?0 7,psalm #gc3i1 ,,av74 ,?is microcosm epitomizes ! macrocosm ( evil4 ,b5gel has x a macrocosmo ad microcosmum4 ,! evil wr\ght by ! tongue ramifies ?r\gh ! :ole ( society & goes on & on 9 its deadly influ5ce4 ,x 8defiles ! :ole body10 8/a9+ ! :ole ( ! body0 7,m(fatt74#gi ,! ,vulgate has maculat4 ,jesus _h said1 8,t :i* proce$e? out ( ! m\?1 ?is defile? ! man0 7,matt4 #ae3aa74 ,at fir/ ,james seems to ov]/ate ! matt]1 b mod]n sci5ce re9=ces 8 po9t4 ,x is n[ kn[n t angry words cause ! gl&s ( ! body to dis*>ge a dang]\s poison t affects ! /oma*1 ! he>t1 ! bra94 ,! effect is usually tempor>y b sometimes fatal4 ,x is lit]ally true t su* *ol] defiles ! :ole body4 ,hate has ! same effect4 ,! *ameleon *anges color accord+ to its emotions & environm5t4 ,! tongue n only commits evil by ly+1 by def5d+ s91 & by lead+ to s91 b x leaves a deadly /a9 9 ! v body & s\l ( ! "o :o misuses x4 8,x is ! palm>y in/ance ( ! pr9ciple t ! be/ :5 p]v]t$ becomes ! wor/--corruptio optimi fit pessima0 7,plumm]74 ,! tongue 8sette? on fire ! :eel ( nature10 8sett+ fire to ! r\nd circle ( exi/5ce0 7,m(fatt71 8! :ole circle ( innate passions0 7,oe/]ley71 8! :eel ( man's creation0 7,hort1 :o adds 8"o ( ! h>de/ phrases 9 ! ,bible071 8! :eel ( bir?0 l ! ,orphic my/]ies 7,p4 ,g>dn]71 8sets ! :ole creation 9 flames0 7,john/one74 ,p]haps ! idea is t ! tongue at ! c5t] 7hub7 ( ! :eel ( nature sets on fire ! re/ ( ! :eel4 ,"o sees j ?is ?+ happ5 9 a pyrote*nic display1 :]e a :eel is set on fire 9 ! c5t]4 ,! m x burns ! fa/] x revolves1 till ! :ole :eel :irls 9 a blaze ( fire1 spitt+ fire z x :irls4 ,c]ta9ly1 ! tongue c set fire to all ! bas] passions 9 ! :eel ( life1 su* z envy1 jeal\sy1 faction1 ang]1 av>ice1 lu/1 murd]4 ,?is fire spreads1 n simply ?r\gh ! :ole man1 b may infect 8v>i\s *annels & classes till ! :ole cycle ( human life is 9 flames0 7,plumm]74 ,its range ( deva/ation frequ5tly is wid] ?an ! life ( ! p]son :o spoke4 ,x is n surpris+ t ,james adds1 8& is set on fire by hell10 8) a flame f$ by hell0 7,m(fatt71 inflammata a geh5na 7,vulgate74 ,x is ! devil1 ! sl&]] p> excell5ce1 :o sets on fire 8! *>iot-:eel ( man z he advances on ! way ( life0 7,hort74 ,x is fir/ inflam$ by hell 7place ( ! wick$1 n ! unse5 _w = all7 & !n inflames all ! :eel ( nature4 ,! tor* is light$ 9 hell1 & ! helli% flame k9dles ! tongue1 :i* 9 turn sets fire to ! :ole nature4 ,?us ! fire 0 />t$ & is habitually repl5i%$ 7! t5se is imp]fect74 ,! ,valley ( ,h9nom or ,tophet 0 fir/ j ! type ( ! abode ( ! wick$1 & !n ! cont9ual fires kept burn+ !re 7 transf]r$ to ! next _w4 7,cf4 8! fire ( ,geh5na10 ,matt4 #e3bb47 ,b "o mu/ n =get t :ile ! tongue c be set on fire ( hell1 x c also be t\*$ by a live coal f ,god's alt>4 ,isaiah said1 8,woe is me6 = ,i am undone2 because ,i am a man ( unclean lips1 & ,i dwell 9 ! mid/ ( a p ( unclean lips3 = m9e eyes h se5 ! ,k+1 ,jehovah ( ho/s4 ,!n flew "o ( ! s]aphim unto me1 hav+ a live coal 9 8 h&1 :i* he _h tak5 ) ! tongs f (f ! alt>3 & he t\*$ my m\? ) x1 & said1 ,lo1 ?is ha? t\*$ ?y lips2 & ?9e iniquity is tak5 away1 & ?y s9 =giv50 7#f3e-g74 ,let u ga9 com=t f ! exp]i5ce ( ,isaiah 9 ! contemplation ( ! solemn w>n+ ( ,james4 ,"o may note also t tongues z ( fire sat on ! heads ( ^? :o 7 fill$ ) ! ,holy ,_s on ! great day ( ,p5teco/4 ,! tongue c be set on fire ( heav5 & c pass on ! holy fire ( ,god f s\l to s\l1 ?us light+ ! light ( ,god 9 ! human life4 ,tam+ ( ,wild ,bea/s 7#c3g f47 ,james recurs to ! bea/s 7cf4 horse & bridle7 = a broad] discussion4 ,! tongue is unbridl$ all too (t5 & is ! mo/ unmanageable ( wild animals4 ,he _h j said t ! tongue is set on fire ( hell4 8,! fact t ! tongue is ! "o ?+ t defies man's p[] to control x is a sign t !re is some?+ satanic 9 its bitt]ness0 7,mayor74 ,he uses ! language ( ,ori5tal exagg]ation 9 giv+ fur!r pro( ( 8 /rong /atem5t1 a ju/ifiable hyp]bole3 8,= e k9d ( bea/s & birds1 ( creep+ ?+s & ?+s 9 ! sea1 is tam$1 & ha? be5 tam$ by mank9d40 8,! art ( tam+ is no new ?+1 b has belong$ to ! human race f ! fir/0 7,mayor74 ,x is p]haps n /rictly true t e conceivable animal has be5 subject$ by man1 b no "o 9 ! light ( ! pa/ & ! pres5t c say t any animal is untamable4 ,x is n[ a common en\gh ?+ to see 9 a wild animal %[ p]=m+ tig]s1 leop>ds1 lions1 elephants1 monkeys1 dogs1 horses1 p>rots1 seals1 be>s1 & ev5 s]p5ts4 ,x is n m]ely t wild animals may be dome/icat$ 7cf4 ! wolf & ! dog71 l ! zebra & ! wild turkey 7,am]ica's contribution to ! _w's b>ny>d71 b !y may be taught to d acts & tricks t %[ rudim5t>y reason+ p[]s4 ,! eye ( man c subdue ! lion1 ! tig]1 & ! s]p5t z ,jesus subdu$ ! untamable demoniac 7,m>k #e3d71 8& no man _h /r5g? to tame him40 ,man has prov$ 8 k+%ip ov] ! o!r creatures z ,god gave him dom9ion 7,g54 #a3bf74 ,9 _m cases animals h become s dome/icat$ t !y no long] feel at home else:]e4 ,man is pr\d ( 8 lord%ip ov] bea/ & bird & ov] ! =ces ( nature l w9d & wave & electricity4 ,man c swim l a fi%1 c run l a de]1 & c n[ ev5 fly l a bird 9 ! airplane ) its artificial w+s4 ,he c talk )\t wires ) unse5 p]sons ov] ?\s&s ( miles4 ,he c spe$ ov] l& & sea l ! w9d4 ,he c s5d a message ar\nd ! e>? ) ! swiftness ( light4 ,b he _c control 8 own tongue4 8,b ! tongue c no man tame40 ,"h is ! language ( helplessness1 z 9 ! case ( ! demoniac 9 ,m>k #e3d4 ,/rictly speak+1 ( c\rse1 ! tongue is m]ely ! organ ( spee*1 & spee* is "u ! control ( ! m9d4 ,by a bold figure ,james almo/ p]sonifies ! tongue z a sep>ate p]sonality4 8,x comb9es ! f]ocity ( ! tig] & ! mock]y ( ! ape ) ! subtlety & v5om ( ! s]p5t0 7,plumm]74 ,x is ?us ! v *im]a ( wild bea/s6 ,?is is ! picture ( ! tongue 9 its natural /ate1 ! tongue ( ! unreg5]ate man4 ,! ,_s ( ,god c cleanse a man's m\? ( pr(anity & unclean spee*4 8,keep ?y tongue f evil1 & ?y lips f speak+ guile0 7,psalm #cd3ac74 ,paul puts up ! b>s3 8,nor fil?9ess1 nor fooli% talk+1 or je/+1 :i* are n befitt+0 7,eph4 #e3d74 ,once m he says3 8,let no corrupt spee* proce$ out ( y\r m\?0 7#d3bi74 ,surely1 if "o has su* an untamable little animal 9 8 m\? z ! tongue1 he ne$s to wat* x ) ceaseless c>e4 ,! evil ( ! tongue e*oes & re-e*oes ?r\gh a community & (t5 ?r\gh ! ages4 ,! evil sl&] c nev] be /opp$4 ,! lie is fleet ( foot & eludes tru? 9 a race4 8,x is a re/less evil10 8plague ( disord] t x is0 7,m(fatt71 8a disord]ly evil0 7,hort71 iniquitum malum 7,vulgate74 ,x is un/able & unreliable1 inconsi/5t & quixotic4 ,x c nev] be tru/$ to ! full4 ,x w turn on "o :5 (f gu>d1 l ! lion :5 ! keep] turns 8 eye away4 ,x c be br\ght "u no rules t w "w4 8,x is full ( deadly poison40 ,x is 8dea?-br++0 poison l ! poison ( asps "u _! lips 7,psalm #adj3c74 8,_! poison is l ! poison ( a s]p5t3 !y are l ! deaf add] t /oppe? h] e>0 7,psalm #eh3d74 ,! poison ( ! s]p5t is deposit$ 9 a little pocket "u ! m\?4 ,s ! tongue is *>g$ ) ! v5om ( hate1 z ! s]p5t ) poison4 ,! hiss ( ! s]p5t & ! hiss ( ! goose are (t5 reproduc$ 9 ! sibilant tongue ( sl&]4 ,sweet & ,bitt] ,wat] 7#c3i-aa7 ,! inconsi/5cy ( ! conduct ( ! tongue is graphically portray$ by ^! v]ses4 ,plumm] happily t]ms x 8! moral contradictions ( ! reckless talk]40 ,!re is 9 v tru? moral *aos if ! ,*ri/ian does n control 8 tongue4 ,inconsi/5cy is n an evil p] se4 ,if "o is wrong1 he ought to be inconsi/5t en\gh to *ange & d "r4 ,b x is t]rible to see a pr(ess+ ,*ri/ian lightly lapse into loose & lic5ti\s language4 8,! fires ( ,p5teco/ w n re/ :]e ! fires ( ,geh5na are work+0 7,plumm]74 ,james _h spok5 7#a3h7 ( ! d\ble-m9d$ man1 un/able 9 all 8 ways4 ,! tongue ) ! gift ( d\ble-ent5dre is "o ( ! v wor/1 = its ^w passes mu/] 9 polite circles & yet c>ries to ! initiat$ a s9i/] or salaci\s mean+4 ,epictetus 7,en*4 xxxiii1 #af7 says1 8,b dang]\s also is ! approa* to indec5t speak+40 ,b ! d\ble tongue talks "o way ) "o p]son1 ano!r ) ano!r2 x is ! way ( hypocrisy1 ! slick tongue1 ! oily tongue ( ! two-fac$ man ^: ^w _c be dep5d$ ^u1 ^: ^w is n s good z 8 bond4 ,sira* 7#e3ac7 says3 8,honor & %ame are 9 talk2 & ! tongue ( man is 8 fall40 ,he also has ?is3 8,if ?\ bl[ ! sp>k1 x %all burn2 if ?\ spit ^u x1 x %all be qu5*$2 & bo? ^! come out ( ?y m\?0 7#bh3ab74 ,x looks z if ,james _h se5 ?is passage f ! ,twelve ,patri>*s 7,b5jam9 #f3e73 8,! good m9d ha? n two tongues1 ( bless+ & ( curs+1 ( contumely & ( hon\r1 ( sorr[ & ( joy1 ( quietness & ( confusion1 ( hypocrisy & ( tru?40 ,we may omit ! inconsi/5cy ( 8sorr[ & ( joy10 = t is ! lot ( all ( u1 b c]ta9ly ! tongue mu/ n play ! "p ( ,dr4 ,jekyll & ,mr4 ,hyde4 8,!re) bless we ! ,"l & ,fa!r10 ! only in/ance ( ?is precise comb9ation ( words 9 ! ,bible1 express+ ,god's p[] & lov+ approa*abl5ess 7cf4 ,matt4 #aa3be74 ,! highe/ function ( human spee* 7,hort7 is ! praise ( ,god ! ,fa!r4 ,note h[ :5 ,za*>ias recov]$ 8 spee*1 he fir/ prais$ ,god 7,luke #a3fd74 ,x is glori\s to praise ,god 9 pray]1 9 song1 9 s]mon4 8,o ,"l1 op5 ?\ my lips2 & my m\? %all %[ =? ?y praise0 7,psalm #ea3ae74 8,praise ye ,jehovah4 ,praise ,jehovah1 ,o my s\l4 ,:ile ,i live w ,i praise ,jehovah3 ,i w s+ praises unto my ,god :ile ,i h any be+0 7,psalm #adf3a f474 8,bless1 & curse n0 7,rom4 #ab3ad74 ,curse n ,god 9 ang] or 9 flippant pr(anity4 ,! tongue t praises ,god surely w n pr(ane 8 "n4 ,b curse n m5 :o are made aft] ! lik5ess ( ,god1 ^? :o are l ,god 9 _! moral & spiritual nature & n l ! bea/s ( ! field 7,g54 #a3bf2 #b ,cor4 #c3ah74 ,& yet1 horribile dictu1 ?is is precisely :at we d4 8,!re) curse we m540 ,james "h includes himself 9 ! common run ( humanity4 ,! tongue ex]cises ?is /range p[] ( runn+ away ) u l a runaway horse ) ! bit 9 8 m\?4 ,! scorn ( m5 = m5 is se5 9 ,john #g3di1 9 ! ,ph>isees' sne] at ! mob3 8,?is multitude t kn[e? n ! law are accurs$40 ,x is mo/ likely1 h[ev]1 p]sonal abuse t ,james "h ref]s to4 ,m5 :o are made 9 ,god's image are abus$ by ! v tongue t blesses ,god4 ,we curse o!r *ildr5 ( our common ,fa!r1 ,god4 ,james does n mean1 ev5 by implication1 to approve curs+ at all4 ,x is ! wick$ man ^: 8m\? is full ( curs+0 7,psalm #aj3g74 ,if we d n love our bro!r1 we d n love ,god 7#a ,john #d3bj74 ,& yet 8out ( ! same m\? come? =? bless+ & curs+40 ,we make our tongue a sort ( comb9ation ( ,m\nt ,ebal & ,m\nt ,g]izim4 8,my bre?r51 ^! ?+s ought n s to be0--a mild /atem5t all ! m effective f its v temp]at5ess4 ,! po9t is easy to illu/rate4 8,do? ! f\nta9 s5d =? f ! same op5+ sweet wat] & bitt]80 ,james 0 famili> ) ! bracki% wat]s ( p>ts ( ,pale/9e4 ,! wat] ( ! ,dead ,sea is really bitt]1 ?\gh f$ by ! sn[s ( ,h]mon & ! sweet spr+s ( ! ,jordan valley4 ,! wat]s ( ,m>ah 7 bitt] 7,ex4 #ae3bc71 & "o may recall 8! wat] ( bitt]ness t cause? ! curse0 7,num4 #e3ah1 #bc74 ,see also ,revelation #h3aa = ! wat]s t 7 made bitt]4 ,pl9y 7,n4 ,h4 ii4 #ajc7 tells a fable ( a f\nta9 ( ! sun t 80 sweet & cold at noon & bitt] & hot at midnight0 7,mayor74 ,x is possible to sweet5 wat]1 z we see 9 ! great filt]+ plants 9 our mod]n cities4 ,& sweet wat] c become bitt]4 ,b wat] is n sweet & bitt] at ! same "t f ! same f\nta94 ,y h sweet wat] on ,h]mon & salt wat] 9 ! ,dead ,sea 7also call$ ! ,salt ,sea71 b n bo? 9 ! same place4 ,! ,v9e & ! ,fig ,tree 7#c3ab7 ,james has n only a new image "h b also a new po9t ( view 7,hort74 ,he has1 9 v]ses #i-aa1 %[n ! inconsi/5cy ( two k9ds ( spee* f ! same tongue4 ,n[ he goes deep] to ! he>t beh9d ! utt]ance4 ,! comp>ison is "h made betwe5 ! he>t & its utt]ance 7tongue74 ,! grape & ! fig are ! commone/ fruits 9 ,pale/9e4 8,ea* tree is kn[n by its own fruit0 7,luke #f3dd74 ,yes1 & ,jesus _h j said 7#f3dc73 8,= !re is no good tree t br+e? =? corrupt fruit2 nor aga9 a corrupt tree t br+e? =? good fruit40 ,x is n uncommon to f9d ! po9t made some:at z ,james has x4 ,s ,epictetus 7,diss4 ii4 #bj7 says3 8,h[ c a v9e gr[1 n v9ewise1 b olivewise1 or an olive1 on ! o!r h&1 n olivewise1 b v9ewise80#hj ,& ,jesus says3 8,ei!r make ! tree good1 & its fruit good2 or make ! tree corrupt1 & its fruit corrupt0 7,matt4 #ab3cc74 ,once m he> ,jesus3 8,d m5 ga!r grapes ( ?orns1 or figs ( ?i/les80 7,matt4 #g3af74 ,x is ! appeal to life4 ,x has be5 *>g$ t ,james exagg]ates ! evil ( ! tongue1 b "o :o kn[s life z x is mu/ agree ) ,james4 ,sira* says1 8,curse ! :isp]] & ! d\ble-tongu$1 = su* h de/roy$ _m t 7 at peace0 7#bh3ac74 ,plumm] quotes also a clause f ! ,syriac t is n 9 ! ,greek3 8,also ! ?ird tongue1 let x be curs$2 = x has laid l[ _m corpses40 ,sira* 7#bh3ad f47 cont9ues3 8,a ?ird or backbit+ tongue ha? unsettl$ _m1 & driv5 !m f nation to nation2 & /rong cities ha? pull$ d[n1 & ov]?r[n h\ses ( great m54 ,a backbit+ tongue ha? ca/ out capable wom51 & depriv$ !m ( _! labors40 ,! 8?ird tongue0 injures ?ree classes 7,plumm]73 ! p]son :o utt]s ! sl&]1 ! "o :o li/5s1 & ! "o ( :om ! sl&] is told4 ,x is a triple s9 & only s94 8,nei!r c salt wat] yield sweet10 ,james adds1 & 8 conclusion falls ) ! =ce ( a trip hamm]4 ,! crisp wisdom ( ,james ab\t ! tongue makes "o wond] afre% if 8 "m _h n taught him "s ( ^! aphorisms z a *ild4 ,,ix ,! ,true ,wise ,man ,! connection betwe5 ! p>agraph ab\t wisdom 7#c3ac-ah7 & ! prec$+ discussion ( ! p]ils ( ! tongue is v close4 ,james is /ill ?9k+ ( ! m5 :o suppos$ t !y _h true fai? b :o did n practice x2 8m5 :o suppos$ t !y _h a deep] wisdom & a l>g] k ?an _! bre?r51 & :o 7 cont9ually ass]t+ _! claim to be tea*]s0 7,dale74 ,b ,hort consid]s ! passage on ! tongue a 8long digression10 a view h>dly t5able4 ,^! ambiti\s tea*]s _h ov]look$ ! havoc wr\ght by tongue 7& p574 ,james has giv5 a ne$$ w>n+ ab\t t phase ( ! subject & n[ turns to ! subject matt] itself4 ,! ambiti\s tea*] w d all ! m h>m if he is n m]ely a bungl] ( real wisdom b a dissem9ator ( false wisdom4 ,already ! air 0 full ( all sorts ( fads & fancies t appeal$ to ! un?9k+ & ! unw>y4 ,! ,ess5es1 ! ,ph>isees1 ! ,sadducees1 ! ,epicureans1 ! ,/oics1 ! ,mi?rai/s1 ! ,gno/ics1 ! ,judaiz]s1 ! cult ( emp]or wor%ip1 ) m or less di/9ctness 7 clamor+ = a he>+4 ,!re 7 pr(essional sophi/s :o travel$ ov] ! c\ntry ) pat5t solutions ( all problems4 ,"s appeal$ to ! n]v\s or ! neurotic1 l ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce today2 o!rs to ! ignorant1 l ,russellism or ,mormonism4 ,paul w lat] discuss bo? spee* & wisdom 8z good ?+s liable to griev\s abuse0 7,hort71 9 #a ,cor9?ians #a3e1 #ag2 #b2 & #c4 ,! ,call = ! ,wise ,man 7#c3ac;a7 8,:o is wise & und]/&+ among y80 ,! "q does n mean t nobody is wise & und]/&+1 b x calls a halt on ! ru% ( volunte]s :o h app>5tly a sup]fluity ( wisdom4 ,an ov]plus ( conceit is intol]able = normal p]sons4 ,job 7#ab3b7 has our sympa?y :5 he retorts to 8 (fici\s advis]s3 8,no d\bt b ye are ! p1 & wisdom %all die ) y40 ,once m ,job 7#bh3ab7 asks3 8,b :]e %all wisdom be f\nd8 & :]e is ! place ( und]/&+80 ,"h1 z v (t5 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 we h wisdom & und]/&+ us$ toge!r4 ,god gave ,solomon wisdom & und]/&+ 7#a ,k+s #d3bi74 8,wisdom is ! pr9cipal ?+2 !re=e get wisdom2 444 get und]/&+0 7,prov4 #d3g74 ,9 ,psalm #ajg3dc we h ! "q3 8,:o is wise80 ,james is ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) ! wisdom lit]ature ( ! ,jews1 bo? canonical & uncanonical1 & is at home 9 ! h&l+ ( ?is !me4 ,8 words are n _m1 b !y c>ry mu* ( dep? & p[]4 ,_m ( ! pr(essional wise m51 !n z n[1 7 frauds :o easily dup$ ! gullible populace4 ,!y 7 magicians l ,simon ,magus1 :o gave x out t he 0 "s great man1 & ! idle cr[d took him at 8 high e/imate ( himself 7,acts #h3i ff474 ,note also ! cases ( ,b>-,jesus 7,acts #ac3f ff47 & ! ,jewi% exorci/s 7#ai3ac ff474 ,! success ( ^! m5 is "o ( ! mo/ humiliat+ contemplations ab\t our common humanity4 ,c>lyle bluntly call$ mo/ p fools4 ,b !re 7 really wise m5 !n also1 l ! ,magi & o!rs1 :o s\ght light & tru?4 ,oe/]ley ?9ks t ,james by ?is "q appeals to ! self-respect ( 8 he>]s1 :o are tir$ ( m5 ) 8! lu/ ( tea*+ & talk+0 7,plumm]74 ,james is /ill direct+ bl[s at %am religion1 & !re is ample cause = su* attacks 9 all ! ages4 ,hypocrisy fl\ri%es 9 all ages & 9 all climes4 ,?is meane/ ( p>asites has a m>vel\s vitality4 ,! comb9ation ( 8wise0 & 8und]/&+0 is n )\t po9t 7cf4 ,deut4 #d3f2 ,isa4 #e3ba74 ,?is is ! only in/ance ( ! comb9ation 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,9 classic ,greek ! second ^w 0 us$ ( a skill$ or sci5tific p]son :o _h ga9$ te*nical k ( a subject4 ,x implies p]sonal acqua9tance & exp]i5ce1 n m]e ab/ract k or intellectual appreh5sion ( ! !ory ( a ?+4 ,x is book le>n+ plus practical application1 z oppos$ to "o )\t ?is special tra9+4 ,!n ! ^w = wise is giv5 by ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria 7,/rom4 ,i4 v47 to mean 8! und]/&+ ( ?+s human & div9e1 & _! causes40 ,x is ! ^w f\nd 9 ! t]m 8philosophy0 & implies ?\ghtfulness1 p5etration1 grasp ( ! relations ( ?+s1 & ! "r use ( "o's k = ! highe/ ends4 ,!re are le>n$ fools1 m5 :o h a lumb] ( le>n+ 9 _! heads b 9 a disord]ly jumble4 ,9 ! use ( ,james ! only really wise man is he :o places ,god 9 ! c5t] ( 8 life1 :o s]ves ,*ri/ z ,"l & ,ma/]1 :o keeps ! intellect 9 subjection to ! w ( ,god4 ,!re are pl5ty ( ignorant fools also1 m5 :o h nei!r intellectual appreh5sion nor practical wisdom4 ,x is h>d to tell :i* is ! sadd] spectacle1 ! le>n$ fool or ! ignorant fool4 ,b1 c]ta9ly1 a premium is n to be plac$ ^u ei!r class4 ,bo? classes ( fools are to be kept out ( ! ranks ( tea*]s & prea*]s if x c be done4 ,advice on all sorts ( subjects is s pl5tiful t !re seems to be an abundance ( easygo+ wisdom4 ,b ! _w is /ill eag] to li/5 to ! true wise man if he c be f\nd 7cf4 ,van ,dyke's ,o!r ,wise ,man74 ,b ! v reputation = wisdom may lead to pos+ z a wise man4 ,james d>es to *all5ge ! c&idates = tea*]s ( wisdom 9 ! *ur*es4 ,is x n possible t n en\gh c>e is tak5 9 ! *oice ( tea*]s 9 ! *ur*es & ! ord9ation ( prea*]s ( ! gospel8 ,! ,pro( ( ! ,wise ,man 7#c3ac;b7 ,wisdom is n a matt] = m]e te*nical inquiry4 ,"o has to /& an exam9ation on wisdom2 b x is t ( life1 unwritt5 & writt5--t ( de$s1 n ( words4 8,let him %[ by 8 good life 8 works 9 meekness ( wisdom40 ,?is te/ ( ! wise man is put 9 a peculi>ly ,jacobean /yle4 ,! v position ( ! ^w 8%[0 is emphatic2 x is ! fir/ ^w 9 ! s5t5ce4 ,if "o may use ! v]nacul>1 we are all 8f ,miss\ri0 & 8h to be %[n0 :5 x comes to ea* o!r's wisdom4 ,! te/ is ! acid te/ ( de$s1 n words4 ,we may quibble ov] words & talk l a wise man1 b "t w prove our words by our de$s4 ,"o may speak l a wise man & 9 reality be ! bigge/ sort ( a fool1 yea1 a sc\ndrel4 ,p h le>n$ to disc\nt m]e talk :5 x /&s alone4 ,j be+ a prea*] is n en\gh4 ,"o mu/ practice :at he prea*es4 ,! ,roman ,ca?olic doctr9e relieves ! prie/ f ! obligation to live ! morality :i* he prea*es1 b surely t is a trave/y on ! e?ics ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,x is false e?ics & false religion4 ,p h a "r to hold ! prea*] to ! /&>d ( ! gospel1 j z he has ! "r to urge ^u !m ! highe/ ideals ( conduct4 ,!re is a wond]ful level+ process go+ on all ! "t4 ,l9coln said ) r>e wisdom t a man may fool all ! p "p ( ! "t & "s ( ! p all ! "t1 b n all ! p all ! "t4 ,! greate/ asset t ! prea*] has1 aft] all1 is 8 life1 a long life ( piety & consecration4 ,!re is no answ]+ t argum5t--8by 8 good life 8 works40 ,?is is ! only pro( t c\nts 9 ! long run4 ,! ,k+ ,james ,v]sion has "h 8good conv]sation10 :i* 0 at "o "t good ,engli% 7conv]satio1 conv]s>i71 orig9ally "o's conduct or be>+ 7turn+ oneself ab\t1 ! precise idea 9 ! ,greek ^w74 ,b long ago ! ,engli% conf9$ ! ^w to talk1 p]haps because "s p did little else b talk4 ,b qua9t ,engli% mu/ give way to ! mod]n precis5ess ( spee*4 ,x is ! beautiful mann] ( life t speaks ! language ( bus9ess today1 ! fl[] ( a :ite life t adorns ! pr(ession ( ! s]vice ( ,*ri/4 ,b ev5 s1 x mu/ be behavior t is s9c]e1 t f9ds expression 9 acts1 n m]e ext]nal mann]isms1 pos+1 attitud9iz+1 /age effect4 ,no?+ is m repulsive ?an pr(essional pieti/s :o attract att5tion to !mselves r ?an to ,*ri/ ! ,"l4 ,x is a case pre-em95tly :]e actions speak l\d] ?an words & :]e words alone d m h>m ?an good4 ,b5gel puts x t]sely3 re potius quam v]bis4 ,9 simple tru?1 ! m a man says 9 claim ( sup]ior wisdom1 ! less he is cr$it$ ) ! possession ( any wisdom4 ,b x is n m]ely a case ( de$s v]sus words b also ( 8g5tl5ess & mode/y v]sus arrogance & passion0 7,mayor71 89 meekness ( wisdom10 8) ! mode/y ( wisdom0 7,m(fatt74 ,meekness 0 n rank$ high among ! ,greeks4 ,ari/otle 7,e?4 ,nic4 ,,iv4 v7 consid]$ x a second-rate virtue1 8! mean betwe5 passionat5ess & impassionat5ess0 7,plumm]74 ,epictetus 7bk4 ,,ii1 *ap1 i1 #cf7 says3 8,b ?9k t ?\ art nobody & t ?\ kn[e/ no?+40 ,! ,*ri/ian conception re/s ^u ! idea 9 ! ,psalms t meekness is a favorite trait ( ! dev\t4 8,! meek w he guide 9 ju/ice2 & ! meek w he tea* 8 way0 7#be3i74 8,jehovah upholde? ! meek0 7#adg3f74 ,9 ,sira* 7#c3ah7 we read3 8,! great] y are1 ! m y humble y\rself40 ,b !re is no ^w comp>able to t ( ,jesus1 :o said ( himself1 8,i am meek & l[ly 9 he>t0 7,matt4 #aa3bi71 9 8 plea = m5 to come to him z tea*]4 ,x is an ess5tial pr]equisite 9 ! tea*]1 else he is unapproa*able & is alo( & cold4 ,jesus pron\nc$ a ,beatitude on ! meek 7,matt4 #e3e71 b he did m--he exemplifi$ meekness 9 8 life4 ,by meekness ,james does n mean effem9acy or weakness 7any m ?an did ,jesus74 ,he does mean ! abs5ce ( pret5ti\sness & wilfulness4 ,pet] 7#a ,pet] #c3ae7 uses ! expression 8) meekness & fe>0 = ! _s ) :i* "o is to def5d ! fai?1 ! 8reason conc]n+ ! hope t is 9 y40 ,!re c be firmness & c\rage )\t bumpti\sness & bigotry4 ,!re are frequ5t exhortations 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t along ?is l9e 7cf4 ,gal4 #f3a2 #b ,tim4 #b3bd2 #a ,cor4 #d3ba74 ,! wise man we>s ! cr[n ( mode/y4 ,?is spiritual p>adox seems absurd to ! m]ely worldly-wise4 ,! ,dispro( ( ! ,wise ,man 7#c3ad7 8,! possession ( wisdom 0 made a claim to tea*]%ip0 7,hort74 ,s ! abs5ce ( wisdom is a positive disqualification4 ,"o may1 no d\bt1 possess wisdom & yet n be able to tea*4 ,b ! lack ( wisdom is itself a suffici5t b>4 ,! wrong _s %[s ! lack ( wisdom4 8,b if ye h bitt] jeal\sy & faction 9 y\r he>t10 :at !n8 ,!re 7 _m controv]siali/s :o _h bo? ( ^! vices4 ,jeal\sy is n evil p] se4 ,x wav]s betwe5 ! good & evil s5se & 9 itself is m]ely zeal1 :i* may be = good or ill4 7,= ! good use see #b ,cor4 #aa3b2 ,gal4 #a3ad47 ,sometimes ?is zeal 0 n accord+ to k 7,rom4 #aj3b74 ,envy is di/+ui%$ f zeal 7emulation7 by ,ari/otle 7,rhet4 ii4 #aa4 #a74 ,b 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t ! bad s5se ( ?is ^w prevails 7,james #d3e2 #a ,cor4 #c3c2 ,gal4 #e3bj2 ,rom4 #ac3ac71 & x is li/$ ) ! works ( ! fle%4 ,! bitt]ness ( jeal\sy is only too well und]/ood by ^? :o give way to ?is petty vice4 ,x ta/es bitt]1 & ! ta/e la/s a long "t4 ,bitt]ness is itself puni%m5t en\gh = ! victims ( ! s9 7,eph4 #d3ca74 ,! o!r ^w1 8faction0 or 8p>ty _s10 has an unc]ta9 etymology1 probably f ! ^w = hirel+4 ,at any rate1 ! ^w is soon appli$ to p>tisans :o c\rt & bribe adh]5ts to _! c&idate4 ,x pres5ts ! v qu9tess5ce ( p>tisan%ip & ( n>r[-m9d$ness4 ,?is is n a m>k ( wisdom & is n a ?+ to boa/ (1 at any rate4 8,glory n0 ab\t x1 8d n pride y\rselves on t0 7,m(fatt74 ,& yet ?is is precisely :at _m ( ! ,jewi% ,*ri/ians 7 do+ already4 ,?us !y li$ aga9/ ! tru?1 7 8false to ! tru?10 z ,m(fatt has x4 ,su* p>tisan triumph is usually obta9$ by und]h& me?ods & by ! suppression ( "p ( ! tru?4 ,!re is su* a ?+ z 8poison$ tru?40 ,s p>tisan victory (t5 leaves a bitt] /+1 because ^? 9 defeat "k t an unfair advantage has be5 tak5 ( !m & ( ! tru? ( ,god4 ,x is cle> t ^! op5+ *apt]s 9 ! ,epi/le ( ,james reveal a pitiful condition ( controv]sy among "s ( ! ,jewi% *ur*es1 su* z ,paul has to rebuke 9 ,cor9? lat] 7cf4 #a ,cor4 #a-d74 8,! :ole ,*ri/ianity ( _m a devotee consi/s only1 we may say1 9 a bitt] contempt = ! s9s ( s9n]s1 9 a pr\d & loveless cont5tion ) :at x calls ! wick$ _w0 7,/i]74 ,! po9t ( ,james is precisely ?is4 ,! v cont5ti\sness :i* !y reg>d$ z supreme pro( ( _! qualifications z expon5ts ( ! fai? is "h urg$ by ,james z absolute pro( t !y are disqualifi$ = ! position ( tea*]s4 ,_! bitt]ness makes x improp] = !m to talk ab\t love & g5tl5ess4 ,sometimes ! v fi]c5ess ( "o's cont5tion = or?odoxy drives "s p into h]esy4 ,x is a sad outcome :5 "o's high & holy ambition to tea* ! ?+s ( ,*ri/ is fru/rat$ by a ,*ri/less _s ( wrangl+ & p]sonal abuse4 ,! ,wisdom f ,bel[ 7#c3ae f47 ,wisdom is precisely :at we all ne$ & desire1 b ! bitt] self-seek+ p>tisans j describ$ 8d n *]i% ! tru? except z a possession ( _! own1 or a missile ( _! own0 7,hort74 8,?is wisdom10 claim$ by ! pomp\s bigots 9 v]se #ad1 c only be s describ$ 9 t]ms ( c\rtesy or1 m exactly1 ( irony4 ,x is only wisdom s-call$ & is real folly4 ,x is at be/ worldly wisdom1 8e>?ly10 n m]ely 9 ! s5se ( tak+ place on e>? r ?an 9 heav5 7,john #c3ab7 b ) ! e>?ly horizon & outlook z oppos$ to ! heav5ly1 l ^? :o m9d e>?ly ?+s 7,phil4 #c3ai74 ,su* a wisdom passes = 8! wisdom ( ?is _w0 7#a ,cor4 #a3bj2 #c3ai7 b is di/9ctly n 8,god's wisdom10 8a wisdom n ( ?is _w0 7#a ,cor4 #b3f f474 8,?is wisdom0 is n m]ely e>?ly b does n come d[n f above1 m exactly1 8is n ( a k9d t come? d[n0 7,hort7--n su* a wisdom1 inde$1 z ,god gives 7,james #a3e74 ,x has ! smell ( e>? 9 ! evil s5se ( t t]m4 ,x is n f above b 9 reality f bel[4 ,jesus said to ! ,ph>isees3 8,ye are f b5ea?2 ,i am f above3 ye are ( ?is _w2 ,i am n ( ?is _w0 7,john #h3bc74 ,! anti!sis is complete bo? 9 orig9 & _s4 ,! axioms ( ! selfi%1 l 8look out = ,numb] ,"o10 are ! wisdom ( ! devil3 8,all t a man ha? w he give = 8 life0 7,job #b3d74 ,?is selfi% wisdom is m]ely t ( ! natural man1 n a m>k ( ! reg5]ate _s4 ,!re is no s+le ,engli% ^w t prop]ly r5d]s ?is ^w4 8,psy*ic0 translit]ates x b does n translate x4 8,s5sual0 makes x too mu* a matt] ( ! body1 z does 8fle%ly10 l ! ,vulgate animalis4 ,x does n appe> 9 ! ,septuag9t & only six times 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t 7,james #c3ae2 ,jude #ai2 #a ,cor4 #b3ad2 #ae3dd1 #df74 ,! broad di/9ction betwe5 s\l & body or m9d & body 7di*otomy7 is n s h>d to grasp1 b ! ?reefold division 7tri*otomy7 into _s1 s\l1 & body1 z 9 #a ,!ssalonians #e3bc1 seems to place ! psy*e bel[ ! pneuma4#ha ,x seems cle> f #a ,cor9?ians #b3ad t ! spiritual man is ! reg5]ate man1 :ile ! natural man is ! unreg5]ate man 9 8 unsav$ /ate ( s94 ,s "h1 !re=e1 ?is e>?ly wisdom is t ( ! unreg5]ate man2 x is n sanctifi$ wisdom4 ,he may n be c>nal1 ! slave ( ! animal passions1 b m]ely coldly unspiritual4 ,su* a wisdom does n rea* ! high] levels ( ! man's nature4 ,b x is /ill worse4 ,su* a wisdom is demoniacal1 devili% 7diabolica1 ,vulgate71 89 t x rais$ up ! v devil 9 ! he>ts ( bo? oppos] & oppos$0 7,oe/]ley74 ,x is wisdom su* z t :i* demons h 7,b5gel71 n su* z ,god gives 7#a3e74 ,x is ! wisdom ( ^? :o d ! w ( ! fle% 7,eph4 #b3b f471 :o foll[ ! tea*+ ( demons 7#a ,tim4 #d3a74 ,"o is rem9d$ ( ! words ( ,jesus 9 ,john #h3dd3 8,ye are ( y\r fa!r ! devil40 8,?us ! wisdom %>$ by demons answ]s to ! fai? %>$ by demons ( #b3ai0 7,hort71 ! tongue set on fire by hell 7#c3f74 ,x is inde$ a ke5 k ( human nature t ,james "h reveals1 b x is a sad indictm5t all ! same4 ,x reads l nature 9 ! r\gh1 r$ 9 too? & claw1 ! law ( ! jungle1 n ! law ( grace4 ,x is ,nietzs*e's sup]man1 n ! love t s]ves1 t came to m9i/] & n to be m9i/]$ unto4 ,! might ( "r is n und]/ood by ^? :o hold t might is "r4 ,!re is a new paganism today 9 ,b]l91 9 ,p>is1 9 ,london1 9 ,new ,york4 ,x is v subtle & v scornful ( ! pity ( ,jesus4 ,r$ blood is a good ?+1 to be sure1 s be x t x c\rses ?r\gh a clean he>t4 ,! survival ( ! fitte/ is ! law ( nature1 b fitte/ = :at8 ,! law ( ! wolves is to turn & dev\r ! wolf t falls 9 ! *ase4 ,! philosophy ( ,nietzs*e is a bit m brutal 9 its pla9ness ( spee* ?an ! wisdom ( ! _w usually puts x4 ,b ev5 s1 its demoniacal "* /&s out m %>ply4 8,i want2 !re=e1 ,i h ! "r to get40 ,?is is ! policy ( aggression on ! "p ( nations & individuals1 ( rogues & rapi/s1 ( graft]s & :ite-slav]s1 ( bank-loot]s & oppressors ( labor4 ,! fur!r comm5t ( ,james elucidates 8 po9t3 8,= :]e jeal\sy & faction are 7v4 #ad71 !re is confusion & e vile de$40 ,jeal\sy & faction come f ! devil4 ,he s[s suspicion 9 ! *ur*es1 9 ! mid/ ( families1 9 ! he>ts ( ^? :o let him 94 ,james _h already 7#c3h7 accus$ ! tongue ( be+ a re/less evil & 7#a3h7 _h spok5 ( ! un/able man4 ,god is n ! ,god ( confusion b ( peace 7#a ,cor4 #ad3cc71 s t ! factions 9 ! *ur*es _c claim ,god z support+ !m1 any m ?an nations at w> h ! "r to make flippant claims t ,god is on _! side 9 a conflict4 ,oe/]ley has a f9e description ( ! _s ( ! pr(essional controv]siali/3 8,acute argum5t1 subtle di/9ctions1 clev] controv]sial me?ods :i* took small acc\nt ( tru? s long z a tempor>y po9t 0 ga9$1 skilful dialectics1 bitt] s>casms1 ! m enjoy$ & triumph$ 9 if ! poison\s %aft came home & rankl$ 9 ! brea/ ( ! oppon5t--9 %ort1 all ^? tricks ( ! unscrupul\s controv]siali/1 :i* are none ! less contemptible = be+ clev]--?is 0 wisdom ( a c]ta9 k9d40 ,b 9 reality x left ! way op5 = 8e vile de$10 = ! ^w "h = 8vile0 means wor?less1 n immoral4 ,9 ! realm ( morals :at is m]ely indiff]5t soon gets to be bad4 ,! ,vulgate puts x omne opus pravum4 ,s 9 ,john #c3bj we read3 8,= e "o t doe? evil hate? ! light40 ,bugs & bats hate ! light4 ,!re is a toboggan slide 9 s94 ,! easy way is ! evil way4 ,see p] contra ,james #a3ag4 ,an>*y br+s moral *aos 7,plumm]7 to ! s\l z to nations4 ,! wiseacres ( ! _w play havoc ) ! s\ls & bodies ( m5 :o foll[ _! lead to hell4 ,9 e t[n !re is a bun* ( m5 :o cl+ toge!r 9 _! evil life & pr(ess a wisdom sup]ior to t ( ! gospel4 ,!y "k x is a lie1 b !y com=t ea* o!r & are too pr\d to break away f ! gang4 ,b ! end w come4 ,!re are no happy old m5 save ^? t are ,*ri/ians4 ,! ,wisdom f ,above 7#c3ag7 ,!re is wisdom f above1 t is1 f ,god1 z ,james _h already said 7#a3e74 ,?is is ! true wisdom1 ,god's wisdom bo? 9 s\rce & "*4 ,james _h n1 ( c\rse1 se5 ,paul's rem>ks on wisdom 9 #a ,cor9?ians #a & #b1 if he wrote 8 epi/le by ,a4,d4 #ej4 ,b he _h full opportunity to be famili> ) ,prov]bs1 ! ,wisdom ( ,jesus ! ,son ( ,sira*1 & ! ,wisdom ( ,solomon4 8,= ! ,"l give? wisdom3 out ( 8 m\? come? k & und]/&+0 7,prov4 #b3f1 ,,av74 8,wisdom may praise h]self1 & glory 9 ! mid/ ( h] p0 7,sir4 #bd3a74 8,= wisdom is m mobile ?an any motion2 & %e also passe? & goe? ?r\gh all ?+s by reason ( h] pur5ess4 ,= %e is a brea? ( ! p[] ( ,god1 & a pure efflu5ce f ! glory ( ! ,almighty2 !re=e no defil$ ?+ falls into h]4 ,= %e is a reflection ( ! ev]la/+ light1 & an unspott$ mirror ( ! effici5cy ( ,god1 & image ( 8 goodness0 7,wisd4 #g3bd-bf74 ,once m3 8,= %e is m beautiful ?an ! sun1 & above e position ( />s1 be+ comp>$ ) ! light1 %e is f\nd sup]ior0 7,wisd4 #g3bi74 ,b :ile ,james is und\bt$ly conv]sant ) ! wisdom lit]ature ( ! ,jews1 he is no m]e copyi/4 ,he has ! ,*ri/ian /&po9t & makes 8 own contribution to ! discussion ( wisdom4 ,8 words are few1 b !y fit & /rike "r to ! he>t ( ! subject4 ,x is 8fir/ pure40 ,purity is ! inn] *>act]i/ic ( ! wise4 ,x is pretty ne>ly l ! ,lat9 purus 7pure7 & means n s mu* cleans$ 7cf4 ,matt4 #e3h1 8! pure 9 he>t07 z a comb9ation ( ?is idea & consecration z hol9ess4 ,x is ?us free f /a9 or defilem5t ( any k9d 7n m]ely sexual purity71 l a ray ( light1 89 hol9ess & s9c]ity ( ,god0 7#b ,cor4 #a3ab74 ,*ri/ himself is call$ pure 7#a ,john #c3c71 ! ideal t[>d :i* we are to /rive4 ,we mu/ le>n to put fir/ ?+s fir/4 ,9 wisdom purity ( "* & motive is absolutely ess5tial at any co/4 8,!n peaceable40 ,important z peace is1 purity is p>am\nt4 ,peaceabl5ess is1 to be sure1 ! out] *>act]i/ic ( wisdom1 & if "o has ! bright light ( inn] wisdom1 he w h x4 ,b wisdom does n desire peace at any price or at ! co/ ( purity4 8,all h] pa?s are peace0 7,prov4 #c3ag71 & ! *a/5+ ( ,god's h& yields 8peaceable fruit unto !m t h be5 ex]cis$ !reby0 7,heb4 #ab3aa74 ,plumm] wisely notes t ! ord] ( ,james "h is logical & n always /rictly *ronological4 ,"o is n to compromise ) evil & error1 b all ! same1 if "o is to h no peace till he has absolute purity ( e sort 9 8 environm5t1 he mu/ ne$s be always at w> & nev] re/ at all4 ,an equation ( common s5se mu/1 ( c\rse1 be /ruck1 ?\gh !re is ! con/ant temptation to get us$ to unpleasant surr\nd+s & f9ally to make no prote/ at all4 ,plumm] likewise obs]ves t ,james places ! emphasis on ! spiritual & moral1 n on ! intellectual1 j ! opposite ( mod]n ideals ( culture & education4 ,!re is no?+ 9 ! position ( ,james to ju/ify ! ,spani% ,inquisition1 = in/ance4 ,! p]secutor has (t5 consol$ himself ) ! ?\ght t he is do+ 8 victim's s\l a real s]vice by rescu+ him f 8 error4 ,c]ta9ly1 if "o is pure1 x is easi] = him to be peaceable1 provid$ he also loves4 8,if x be possible1 z mu* z 9 y lie?1 be at peace ) all m50 7,rom4 #ab3ah74 ,!re is a great deal 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t on ! subject ( peace4 ,x is true t ,jesus said1 8,i came n to br+ peace1 b a sword0 7,matt4 #aj3cd71 :5 m5 are w$d$ to s9 & c only be %ak5 loose by ! sword ( tru?4 ,b !re are ^? :o let ! peace ( ,god rule 9 _! he>ts z umpire 7,col4 #c3ae74 ,we are to pursue ! ?+s ( peace 7,rom4 #ad3ai7 z m5 ( peace b n to be afraid to /& up = tru? & righte\sness 7purity71 ev5 if we h to fight4 ,!n 8g5tle10 8=be>+0 7,hort74 ,! ^w is us$ by ,?ucydides 7viii4 #ic7 ( m5 :o w li/5 to reason1 & 7i4 #gf7 ( mod]ation1 l ! ,lat9 clem5tia4 ,orig9ally ! ^w meant :at 0 fitt+1 fair1 reasonable1 b x 0 also associat$ ) ! idea ( yield+1 8imply+ "o :o does n /& on 8 rights1 b is ready to give way to ! wi%es ( o!rs0 7,mayor74 ,mat!w ,arnold ga!r$ ! idea into 8 phrase 8sweet reasonabl5ess40 ,ari/otle 7vi4 #aa7 uses x ( ! =giv+ man1 "o :o does n /& on /rict ju/ice b :o li/5s to m]ciful consid]ation4 ,c]ta9ly g5tl5ess is ! true m>k ( ! g5tleman :o does n /ickle ov] little po9ts1 :o1 9 a ^w1 is consid]ate4 ,! ,*ri/ian wisdom1 !re=e1 does n l to give pa94 ,paul makes an appeal 8by ! meekness & g5tl5ess ( ,*ri/0 7#b ,cor4 #aj3a74 ,see also ,acts #bd3d2 #a ,timo?y #c3c2 ,titus #c3b2 #a ,pet] #b3ah 7g5tle ma/]s72 & 9 p>ticul>1 ,philippians #d3e3 8,let y\r =be>ance be kn[n unto all m540 ,x means ! v ess5ce ( fairness z oppos$ to unreasonabl5ess 7,ps4 ,sol4 #e3ad74 ,comp>e ,paul's panegyric on love 7#a ,cor4 #ac74 ,x is also 8easy to be entreat$10 8conciliatory0 7,m(fatt74 ,! ^w is a common "o = milit>y discipl9e 7#d ,macc4 #h3f2 ,jos4 ,w> ii4 #bj1g71 ?\gh x does n occur else:]e 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,z 8g5tle0 ref]s usually to "o 9 a sup]ior position1 s ?is ^w is us$ ma9ly ( "o 9 an inf]ior rank 7,mayor74 ,! good soldi] is ! "o :o has le>n$ h[ to execute ord]s4 ,philo employs x z ! opposite ( ! disob$i5t4 ,x is tractabilis1 n morosa4 ,! ,vulgate has suadibilis4 ,x is a ^w 9 common use ab\t *ildr51 pupils1 all :o obey laws4 ,if prea*]s 7 always g5tle1 p]haps ! *ur* memb]s w\ld be m docile & tea*able4 ,?is wisdom f above is suavit] 9 modo1 =tit] 9 re4 ,x is also 8full ( m]cy & good fruits40 ,?is is j ! rev]se ( ! p>ty feel+ already condemn$4 ,m]cy is ! active pr9ciple ( compassionate love4 ,"o may note already #a3h1 #bg2 #b3ac 9 contra/ ) #b3ae4 ,?is wisdom be>s good 78:olesome10 ,m(fatt7 fruits1 n m]e leaves 7empty boa/+74 ,! plural 7fruits7 %[s t !re is v>iety & abundance = all4 ,x is n satisfi$ ) ab/ract virtue b wi%es to bless o!rs4 ,?is wisdom is likewise 8)\t v>iance10 8unambigu\s0 7,m(fatt74 ,! ^w occurs n[h]e else 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t & has puzzl$ translators a great deal4 ,x is r5d]$ 8)\t wrangl+10 8)\t judg+10 8)\t p>tiality10 8)\t di/9ctions10 8und\bt$10 8)\t feign+10 8)\t d\btfulness10 8undecid$10 8unhesitat+10 8unwav]+10 8s+le-m9d$40 ,! ,vulgate has non judicans4 ,some?+ c be said = all ^! r5d]+s4 ,! context mu/ decide4#hb ,if "o consid]s ! use ( ! v]b 9 ,james #a3f & #b3d1 probably ! idea ( decision is ! true "o "h4 ,x is :olehe>t$ conviction1 positiv5ess 9 adh]5ce to ! tru?1 s+le-m9d$ devotion r ?an ! wav]+ indecision ( false wisdom4 ,x is ,pr9cipal ,=sy?'s idea ( 8,positive ,prea*+0 = ! mod]n m9d4 ,x is f9ally 8)\t hypocrisy10#hc 8/raight=w>d0 7,m(fatt74 ,"h !re is no ambiguity z to ! import ( ! ^w4 ,x is n ! hypocritical wisdom ( e>?1 ! spuri\s invitation1 b ! g5u9e article4 ,x is s9c]e1 8)\t %[ or pret5ce0 7,mayor74 ,! ^w is us$ ( love 7,rom4 #ab3i2 #b ,cor4 #f3f71 ( fai? 7#a ,tim4 #a3e71 ( bro!rly love 7#a ,pet] #a3bb74 ,! idea "h conc]ns our relations ) m5 z ! prec$+ adjective outl9$ our attitude t[>d ,god 7,hort74 ,?is wisdom has ! r+ ( pure gold & passes at p> value ) all m54 ,surely su* wisdom z ?is w always be 9 dem& by mod]n m5 :o love reality & hate pret5se4 ,! ,h>ve/ ( ,righte\sness 7#c3ah7 ,9 ?is v]se ,james ga!rs up ! sum & sub/ance ( all t he has _h to say s f>4 ,he has j spok5 ( peace & ( good fruits4 ,he has be5 insi/+ on righte\s de$s & n m]e words1 ^u a live fai?1 n a dead cre$4 8,& ! fruit ( righte\sness is s[n 9 peace = !m t make peace40 8,& ! peacemak]s :o s[ 9 peace reap righte\sness0 7,m(fatt74 ,! fruit is righte\sness 7g5itive ( apposition74 ,! figure ( s[+ is common en\gh4 ,x is ! sl[ process ( soil1 se$1 plant1 blossom1 fruit1 h>ve/4 ,?is is ! life ( piety 7wisdom7 t ,james lays be=e 8 read]s4 ,! phraseology occurs else:]e 7,psalm #a3c74 ,?us ,prov]bs #aa3cj3 8,! fruit ( ! righte\s is a tree ( life40 ,s 9 ,amos #f3ab we h 8fruit ( righte\sness40 ,9 ! ,new ,te/am5t note ,philippians #a3aa1 8fill$ ) ! fruits ( righte\sness10 & ,hebrews #ab3aa1 8peaceable fruit40 ,!re is a difficulty "h 9 ! fact t ! fruit in/ead ( ! se$ is s[n4 ,b su* a prolepsis ( ?\ght is n unkn[n1 z 9 ,psalm #ig3aa3 8,light is s[n = ! righte\s40 ,! s[] s[s 9 peace1 & ! h>ve/ ( righte\sness is ga!r$ 9 peace4 ,! peacemak] has ! ra9b[ promise ( 8 h>ve/ 9 due "t if he does n fa9t nor gr[ we>y4 8,!y :o make peace %[ lik5ess to ,god1 ! great mak] ( peace0 7,hort74 ,x ,! ,out] & ! ,inn] ,life ,oe/]ley ?9ks x inconceivable t #d3a-ab c\ld h be5 address$ to ,jewi% *ur*es at an e>ly date1 :ile !y 7 /ill 9 ! fre% gl[ ( ! new fai? 9 ,*ri/4 ,he says1 8,^! v]ses reveal an appall+ /ate ( moral depravity 9 ^! ,diaspora congregations2 /rife1 self-indulg5ce1 lu/1 murd]1 covet\sness1 adult]y1 envy1 pride & sl&] are rife2 ! conception ( ! nature ( pray] seems to h be5 altoge!r wrong among ^! p1 & !y appe> to be giv5 ov] :olly to a life ( pleasure4 ,x mu/ h be5 t]rible = ! writ] to contemplate su* a s9k ( iniquity40 ,yes1 b ,james does n say t all ! ,*ri/ians 7 guilty ( ^! s9s4 ,x 0 bad en\gh )\t ov]/at+ ! situation4 ,besides1 we h ! /ate ( affairs 9 ! *ur* at ,cor9? to guide u z to ! possibility ( s9s 9 a "y *ur*1 & ! /ate ( affairs among ! ,galatian *ur*es is n mu* bett] 7cf4 8s soon dep>t+074 ,covet\sness & /rife e>ly appe> 9 ! *ur* 9 ,j]usalem1 z we "k f ,acts #d & #e4 ,reaction comes only too swiftly1 z is not$ aft] all great revivals2 = in/ance1 ! ye>s foll[+ ! ,wel% revival4 ,)9 a ye> or two aft] ,paul left ,!ssalonica discipl9e 0 sorely ne$$ 9 ! *ur* !re1 z we "k f #a & #b ,!ssalonians4 ,! ,g5tile _w 0 giv5 ov] to immorality ( all sorts1 & ,judaism 0 dead5$ ) =malism4 ,x 0 no easy task to make real spiritual life gr[ 9 su* an atmosph]e4 ,& yet ?is is precisely :at ,*ri/ianity und]takes to d4 ,jesus came t m5 might h life1 spiritual vitality1 & might h x abundantly 7,john #aj3aj2 #bj3ca74 ,james is *iefly conc]n$ t 8 read]s may %>e 9 ?is new life 9 ,*ri/ & may %[ ! inn] reality by ! outw>d expression4 ,he nev] gets away f ?is c5tral conception ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! appe>ance ( s9 9 hide\s =ms among ! foll[]s ( ,jesus /irs ,james to int5se indignation4 ,mayor notes t ! sev]ity ( tone 9 ?is p>agraph is acc5t$ by ! abs5ce ( 8bro!rs40 ,! ,orig9 ( ,w> 7#d3a-b;a7 ,james makes frequ5t use ( ! rhetorical "q1 z "h :5 he boldly dem&s ! orig9 ( ! /rife among ! *ur*es ( ! ,diaspora3 8,:5ce come w>s & :5ce come fight+s among y80 ,?is use ( "q gives life to /yle & is ! m>k ( a good tea*]4 ,note also ! repetition ( 8:5ce10 :i* gives add$ piquancy4 ,9 ! ,epi/le ( ,clem5t ( ,rome 7xlvi7 to ! *ur* at ,cor9? 7ab\t ,a4,d4 #ig7 he seems to ref] to ?is passage 9 ,james1 :]e he asks3 8,:]e=e are ^! /rifes & wra?s1 & factions & divisions1 & w> among y80 ,basically1 ecclesia/ical /rife does n diff] 9 orig9 & _s f w>s betwe5 nations4 ,sometimes !re is ev5 m bitt]ness4 ,c]ta9ly no w>s h be5 fi]c] ?an ! s-call$ 8religi\s0 w>s ( hi/ory4 ,x does seem l irony t ! two _w w>s %\ld h come aft] s _m ye>s ( gr[? ( ! peace s5tim5t 9 ! _w4 ,b ,*ri/ianity is on ! side ( peace1 & ,*ri/ians mu/ keep up ! fight = peace4 ,jesus left a legacy ( peace = individuals & = nations :o w9 x3 8,my peace ,i give unto y0 7,john #ad3bg74 ,!re has appe>$ "o evid5ce ( a bett] public op9ion 9 ! fact t 9 ! w> ea* nation s\ght to ju/ify itself 9 ! eyes ( ! _w z n ! aggressor b z be+ on ! def5sive4 ,?is apology is "s concession1 at lea/ to enlight5$ ,*ri/ian s5tim5t1 :i* ultimately w bani% w> f ! e>? along ) slav]y1 alcohol1 ! bro!l1 & o!r ag5cies ( ! devil4 ,mean:ile1 ,james occupies ! /&po9t ( ! ,*ri/ian optimi/1 :o fights = ! highe/ & ! be/4 ,s ,simon ,pet] writes3 8,belov$1 ,i besee* y z soj\rn]s & pilgrims1 to ab/a9 f fle%ly lu/s1 :i* w> aga9/ ! s\l0 7#a ,pet] #b3aa74 ,we ne$ n press ! di/9ction betwe5 w>s & fight+s1 ?\gh ! fir/ means a /ate ( w> & ! la/+ res5tm5t connect$ ) x1 :ile ! second ref]s to battles or outbur/s ( passion :i* occur dur+ a /ate ( w>4 ,james does n1 ( c\rse1 "h ref] to w>s betwe5 nations b to ! factional bick]+s 9 ! *ur*es1 ! p]sonal wrangles t embitt] *ur* life4 8,among y10 he adds1 to drive ! "q home4 ,james answ]s 8 fir/ "q by a second4 8,come !y n h5ce1 ev5 ( y\r pleasures t w> 9 y\r memb]s80 ,james sees an intimate connection betwe5 /rife & laxity ( life4 ,! case ( ! *ur* at ,cor9? is a po9t :]e factional divisions & gross immorality fl\ri%$ toge!r4 ,plato 7,pha$o #ff7 says3 8,w>s & factions1 & fight+s h no o!r s\rce ?an ! body & its lu/s4 ,= x is = ! gett+ ( weal? t all our w>s arise1 & we are compell$ to get weal? because ( our body1 to ^: s]vice we are slaves40 ,james & ,plato agree !re=e 9 f9d+ ! orig9 ( w> 9 ! lu/s ( ! body1 b !y diff] 9 _! op9ion z to h[ to treat ! body4 ,plato exhorts neglect & scorn ( ! body1 :ile ,james urges ! victory ( ! _s ov] ! body4 8,plato has no idea t ! body may be sanctifi$ "h & glorifi$ h]eaft]2 he reg>ds x simply z a necess>y evil1 :i* may be m9imiz$ by wat*fulness1 b :i* c 9 no way be turn$ into a bless+0 7,plumm]74 ,! s\rce ( all w> 7private & public7 is 8! pleasures t w> 9 y\r memb]s40 ,! same ^w = 8w>0 betwe5 ! fle%ly desires occurs 9 #a ,pet] #b3aa1 & 9 ,romans #g3bc ,paul uses x ( ! conflict betwe5 ! two laws ( 8 nature4 ,! ^w = 8pleasure0 does n necess>ily mean s5sual pleasures b t :i* is sweet & leads to s9ful /rife 7l ambition1 love ( money or p[]74 ,9 ,titus #c3c ,paul comb9es bo? words1 8lu/s & pleasures40#hd 8,! pot5tial pleasure seat$ 9 ea* memb] con/itutes a ho/ile =ce1 a foe ly+ 9 ambu% aga9/ :i* we h cont9ually to be on our gu>d0 7,mayor74 ,9 ! ,lett] ( ,ari/eas#he ! "q is ask$3 8,:y d n ! majority ( m5 receive virtue80 ,! answ] is giv53 8,because all are naturally )\t self-control & are b5t on pleasures40 ,x mu/ be said t ! philosophy ( h$onism 9 ?is s5se ( ! t]m has a p[]ful hold ^u ! av]age man4 ,buddha said tr\ble came ( desire4 ,x is n an inspir+ picture t ,james "h draws1 & "o w\ld l to believe t he has a wid] outlook ?an ! ,*ri/ian community :5 he names 8 bill ( p>ticul>s4 8,ye lu/1 & h n3 ye kill1 & covet1 & _c obta93 ye fight & w>40 ,"h ,we/cott & ,hort make a full /op 9 _! text1 & ?is is probably correct4 ,! pres5ce ( 8kill0 be=e 8covet0 gives a great deal ( tr\ble to ! comm5tators1 :o f9d x an anticlimax4 ,mayor urges ! sub/itution ( 8envy0 = 8kill10 b !re is no manuscript au?ority = x1 & ! difficulty is n really m5d$4 ,hort has ! mo/ probable solution by ?is punctuation3 8,ye covet1 & h n3 ye commit murd]4 ,& ye envy1 & _c atta93 ye fight & w>40 ,at any rate1 ! humiliat+ fact rema9s t lu/1 covet\sness1 envy1 fight+1 & murd] are "h *>g$ aga9/ "s ( ! read]s ( ! epi/le4 ,x looks z if "s ( !m held to ! view t !y 7 entitl$ to all t !y c\ld grasp1 t ,provid5ce 0 on ! side ( ! heavie/ battalions1 t might con/itut$ "r4 8,lu/0 is "h us$ 9 ! mo/ g5]al s5se1 l 8covet40 ,! failure to f9d satisfaction leads to jeal\sy1 fight+1 w>1 & ev5 murd]4 ,covet\sness leads to fights ) individuals & nations4 ,lu/ 9 ! n>r[ s5se & murd] are common p>tn]s4 ,! fight is on 9 e man's life aga9/ all t is l[ & mean4 ,he c keep a pure life only by liv+ ! victori\s life4 ,!re is also ! common oppression ( ! poor by ! gre$y & grasp+ 9 all ! ages4 8,no man %all take ! mill or ! upp] mill/one to pl$ge3 = he take? a man's life to pl$ge0 7,deut4 #bd3f74 ,s ,sira* 7#cd3ba f47 says3 8,he t take? away 8 neighb\r's liv+ slaye? him2 & he t defraude? ! lab\r] ( 8 hire is a blood-%$d]40 ,! opposite ( all ?is pitiful bus9ess is se5 9 ! nobility ( love z portray$ 9 #a ,cor9?ians #ac4 ,ask+ ,amiss 7#d3b;b-#c7 ,! latt] "p ( v]se #b is a puzzle to ! comm5tators3 8,ye h n1 because ye ask n40 ,oe/]ley 7foll[+ ,c>r7 ?9ks t we h a /r+ ( poetical quotations 7/romateis71 8n v skilfully /rung toge!r40 ,mayor takes x z a m]e repetition ( 8ye lu/1 & h n0 & says t x is n a fur!r /ep4 ,b surely ,james does n mean to say t ! "o reason :y ! impulses to lu/1 covet\sness1 envy1 fight+1 & murd] are n gratifi$ is t m5 d n pray s z to c>ry _! po9t ) ,god & man6 ,t w\ld make pray] a trave/y & ,god a puppet ( man's evil desires4 ,i mu/ believe t ?is s5t5ce belongs to v]se #c 9 ?\ght & %\ld be s punctuat$4 ,we mu/ always be> 9 m9d t ! orig9al ,greek text _h no punctuation & t we are at lib]ty to punctuate de novo if ! context dem&s x4 ,!re is1 no d\bt1 a backw>d look 9 8ye h n10 b 9 reality ,james "h />ts a new topic1 t ( pray]4 ,!re is a delicate h9t 9 ! use ( ! middle voice "h t !y _h n put _! he>ts into _! pray]s4#hf 8,ye ask0 ) ! m]e =m ( words & naturally 8receive n10 8because ye ask amiss10 8wrongly10 z 9 ,john #ah3bc4 ,_! pray]s are vitiat$ by ! evil purpose1 8t ye may sp5d x 9 y\r pleasures10 8) ! wick$ int5tion ( sp5d+ x on y\r pleasures0 7,m(fatt74 ,ev5 ,epictetus 7,cod4 ,vat4 #c7 says ( ! gods3 8,& !n %all !y give to !e ! good ?+s :5 ?\ rejoice/ n 9 pleasure1 b 9 virtue40 ,h[ (t5 we all miss x 9 pray]6 ,we ask = :at we %\ld n1 /ak+ our judgm5t aga9/ t ( ,god4 ,we ask ) a _s ( rebellion & n ( subjection to ! w ( ,god 7#d3g74 ,we ask1 n = ! glory ( ,god nor = ! bless+ ( o!rs1 b = ! gratification ( our own selfi% pleasures1 ev5 :5 ! ?+s ask$ = are good 9 !mselves4 ,we may ev5 get to ! po9t :]e we d>e ask ,god = :at is n good 9 itself4 8,no ask+ f ,god :i* takes place 9 a wrong frame ( m9d t[>ds him or t[>ds ! object ask$ has any?+ to d ) pray]4 ,x is an evil ask+0 7,hort74 ,god _c be made a private asset to fur!r our own selfi% int]e/s or to s]ve ! wick$ _w 7cf4 #a ,tim4 #f3d f474 8,if we ask any?+ accord+ to 8 w1 he he>e? u0 7#a ,john #e3ad74 ,! ^w 9 ,james = 8sp5d0 means to consume1 to wa/e1 to dissipate4 ,x is us$ ( ! prodigal son :o 8sp5t all0 7,luke #ae3ad74 ,pray] is probably ! poore/ ( all our spiritual ex]cises4 ,x %\ld be ! mo/ con/ant & ! mo/ helpful4 ,x calls = se>*+ ( he>t & all s9c]ity4 ,x is "r & prop] to pray = our daily bread 7,matt4 #f3aa71 provid$ we d our daily tasks s z to e>n our daily bread4 ,god does n mean pray] to be a sub/itute = "w4 ,tru/ is n anxiety 7,matt4 #f3ca71 b x is also n presumption4 ,! use ( ! "n ( ,jesus does n cause ! door ( grace to spr+ op5 = u unless we fir/ put ourselves "u ! rule ( ,jesus4 ,! ,fri5d%ip ( ! ,_w 7#d3d7 ,! words 8adult]]s &0 ( ! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion are n g5u9e1 occurr+ 9 late docum5ts4 ,! sudd5 outbur/ ( 8ye adult]esses10 8wanton creatures0 7,m(fatt71 leaves "o 9 d\bt :e!r ,james is s+l+ out "o special =m ( s9 s common 9 ! _w 7,hort7 or is us+ ! ^w 9 ! figurative s5se 7,mayor7 s frequ5t 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t = ! s9 ( idolatry 7cf4 ,psalm #gc3bg2 ,ezek4 #bc3bg2 ,hos4 #b3b2 ,isa4 #eg74 ,jesus d5\nc$ 8 age 9 ,pale/9e z 8an evil & adult]\s g5]ation0 7,matt4 #ab3ci74 ,x w make good s5se ) ei!r int]pretation4 ,oe/]ley argues t 8! deprav$ /ate ( morals to :i* ! :ole section be>s witness mu/1 9 "p at lea/1 h be5 due to ! wick$ness & co-op]ation ( ! wom51 s t !re is no?+ /range 9 _! be+ specifically m5tion$ 9 connection ) t =m ( s9 ) :i* !y w\ld be m p>ticul>ly associat$40 ,su* a s9 ought n1 to be sure1 to be f\nd among ,*ri/ians1 b #a ,cor9?ians #e %[s h[ e>ly x appe>$ 9 ! *ur* 9 ,cor9?1 a peculi>ly lic5ti\s city4 ,! pressure ( ! easygo+1 laissez-faire life ( ! _w on ?is po9t is h>d ^u true ,*ri/ians 9 all ! ages4 ,x is n m]ely t a d\ble /&>d ( morals is claim$ by m5 ( ! _w = !mselves1 ?\gh d5i$ to _! own wives1 b !y are aggressive aga9/ ! virtue ( ! daught]s & wives ( o!r m54 ,?is agelong evil is condon$ ev5 by wom5 ( ! _w :o are clean !mselves1 9 a bl9d surr5d] to ! fact t m5 seem to be hopelessly evil4 ,if ! ^w 8adult]esses0 is "h tak5 lit]ally1 z is probable1 ,james makes a bold appeal to wom5 ( pleasure to cease f s9 & to let ,god rule 9 _! lives4 ,x is surely wor?:ile to make su* an appeal ev5 to ^? :o seem to be hopelessly ab&on$ to ! evil _w4 ,b x is pre-em95tly wor?:ile to seek to w>n1 & to prev5t f ru91 ! "y m5 & wom5 ( our day4 8,"k ye n10 says ,james ) heat1 8t ! fri5d%ip ( ! _w is enmity ) ,god80 ,pa/ors sometimes f9d m5 & wom5 liv+ 9 adult]y & complac5tly keep+ up _! *ur* connections4 ,james means to %[ ! utt] inconsi/5cy ( su* a c\rse ( conduct4 ,b if 8adult]esses0 is tak5 9 ! figurative s5se1 !re is /ill ! fri5d%ip ( ! _w t is enmity ) ,god4 ,! fri5d%ip ( ! _w is pref]r$ to t ( ,god4 8,_w0#hg "h is n ! e>? ) all its beauty & *>m 7,god's _w made by him2 cf4 ,psalm #ai71 nor mank9d1 = :om ,*ri/ di$ 7,john #c3af71 b t _w ( selfi% pleasure & s9 out ( :i* ,*ri/ call$ 8 disciples & :i* 9 turn hat$ !m z x hat$ ,*ri/ 7,john #ae3ah ff474 ,?is _w w only love z a famili> fri5d ^? :o cat] to its ideals & /&>ds1 :o condone its slackness ( morals & neglect ( ,god4 ,?is cleavage betwe5 ! wayw>d1 wick$ _w & ! k+dom ( ,god is a fact ( ! utmo/ significance 7,john #ag3ae ff474 ,! ,*ri/ian has to le>n ! secret ( liv+ 9 su* a worldly atmosph]e )\t be+ contam9at$ by x4 ,"o does n wi% to be consid]$ a religi\s crank & que]4 ,he desires to h influ5ce ) 8 fri5ds & bus9ess acqua9tances4 ,b "o _c be a 8hail fell[ well met0 9 s9 & e =m ( worldly indulg5ce & reta9 8 influ5ce = ,god4 ,! "t comes :5 a *oice mu/ be made betwe5 fri5ds1 = t sort ( life 9 ! _w becomes incompatible ) fri5d%ip ) ,god4 ,"o mu/ make 8 *oice4 8,if any man love ! _w1 ! love ( ! ,fa!r is n 9 him0 7#a ,john #b3ae74 ,"o _c run ) ! h>e & ! h\nds4 ,! devil makes no objection to su* a d\ble life ( hypocrisy1 b ,god does4 ,god is graci\s & =giv+ to s9n]s :o rep5t b has no m]cy = presumptu\s s9n]s :o defy 8 k9dness & keep 9 t\* ) ! devil & 8 circles ( evil4 ,! ^w 8enmity0 is ! t]m = p]sonal ho/ility4 ,pref]5ce = s9 con/itutes a p]sonal (f5se t[>d ,god1 :o c h no rival1 any m ?an a true wife c suff] a rival 9 ! affections ( h] husb&4 8,! m9d ( ! fle% is enmity aga9/ ,god0 7,rom4 #h3g74 ,"o mu/ make 8 *oice4 8,no man c s]ve two ma/]s3 = ei!r he w hate ! "o1 & love ! o!r2 or else he w hold to "o1 & despise ! o!r4 ,ye _c s]ve ,god & mammon0 7,matt4 #f3bd74 ,plumm] argues cle>ly t ,james does n condemn ! sci5ti/'s love ( nature or ! sociologi/'s en?usiasm1 :i* is n always %>$ 9 by prea*]s z mu* z is desirable4 ,prea*+ (t5 is s giv5 to d5unciation ( s9 t x fails to exalt ! possibilities ( ! "r sort ( manhood4 ,x ?us repels ! v m5 t x wi%es to attract4 ,s f> f t1 love = man is "o ( ! ma9 pro(s ( love = ,god 7#a ,john #d3bj74 ,! passion = ! s\ls ( m5 is ! true m>k ( ! r$eem$4 ,paul 7,titus #b3ab7 urges t 8d5y+ ungodl9ess & worldly lu/s1 we %\ld live 444 godly 9 ?is pres5t _w0 7or 8age0 m exactly74 8,:osoev] !re=e w\ld be a fri5d ( ! _w make? himself an enemy ( ,god10 8:oev]1 !n1 *ooses to be ! _w's fri5d turns enemy to ,god0 7,m(fatt74 ,a p]son makes 8 *oice z he is able to d by ! ex]cise ( 8 own w & purpose4 ,b once & f9ally made1 he r5d]s himself ipso facto an enemy to ,god4 ,!re is no help = x s long z ,god is really ! ,god ( purity & righte\sness4 ,josephus calls ,poppea1 ! infam\s wife ( ,n]o & proselyte to ,judaism1 a wor%ip] ( ,god 7,ant4 xx4 #h4 #aa71 b surely su* 8wor%ip0 0 n acceptable to ,god4 ,james 7#b3bc7 has t]m$ ,abraham 8! fri5d ( ,god10 b he ent]$ into t relation to ,god on t]ms ( ob$i5ce to ,god z ,"l4 ,on no o!r t]ms is fri5d%ip ) ,god possible4 ,x is n a "q ( "o's feel+s b ( ! actual /ate ( affairs4 8,to be on t]ms ( fri5d%ip ) ! _w involves liv+ on t]ms ( enmity ) ,god0 7,hort74 ,! ^w 8fri5d%ip0 does n itself occur else:]e 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ?\gh x is f\nd sev]al times 9 ,prov]bs2 b ! words 8fri5d0 & to 8love z a fri5d0 are common en\gh4 ,gild]sleeve 7,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 p4 #ace7 notes t ,x5ophon uses ! two v]bs = love z synonym\s4 ,b 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t !re is a di/9ction drawn 9 ,john #ba3ae-ag4 ,! "o is ! 8deep]0 & ri*] ^w1 :ile ! o!r is ! 8m human40#hh ,c]ta9ly "o has no "r to claim intimate family relation%ip ) ,god z 8 fri5d :ile at ! same "t liv+ 9 adult]\s relations ) ! s9ful _w t hates ,god4 ,! 8s$uctions ( ! _w0 7,plumm]7 are v real & v _m1 b surr5d] to !m is n con/ant ) ! fell[%ip ( ,god4 ,! law ( spiritual life is n always und]/ood4 ,"s m5 wond] :y !y are n spiritually happy1 :y !y d n enjoy religion4 ,!y are liv+ 9 s9 ) ! _w & yet m>vel at _! lack ( communion ) ,god4 ,! ,ye>n+ ( ! ,_s = ,u 7#d3e f47 8,or ?9k ye80 says ,james1 z ! alt]native4 ,ei!r ! fri5d%ip ( ! _w is enmity ) ,god or y ?9k 8t ! scripture speake? 9 va940 8,:at1 d y consid] ?is an idle ^w ( ,scripture80 7,m(fatt74 ,?is rhetorical "q expects an indignant d5ial4 ,!re=e1 ! argum5t holds t ! fri5d%ip ( ! _w is enmity ) ,god4 ,b :at is ! ,scripture8 ,is x only ! passage 9 v]se #f t is ref]r$ to8 ,! punctuation ( ! ,revis$ ,v]sion all[s t4 ,we h two que/ions be=e ! "o quotation4 ,b x may be t ! g5]al s5se ( ,scripture is meant by ! fir/ "q4 ,usually 8! ,scripture0 occurs be=e a direct quotation1 z 9 ,romans #d3c4 ,"s w\ld take ! re/ ( v]se #e aft] ! fir/ "q z a quotation1 al?\gh no su* quotation occurs 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,! g5]al s5se appe>s 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 z 9 ,exodus #bj3e3 8,i am ! ,"l ?y ,god1 a jeal\s ,god40 ,comp>e ,isaiah #fc3h-af2 ,ze*>iah #h3b4 ,oe/]ley ev5 sees a direct allusion to ,galatians #e3ag1 #ba2 ,romans #h3f1 #h2 #a ,cor9?ians #c3af1 & an argum5t = ! late date ( ! ,epi/le ( ,james4 ,b ?is is =c+ ! matt] r /iffly4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t writ]s seem to h us$ *a9s ( quotations 7cat5ae7 z1 = in/ance1 9 ,romans #c3aj-ah4 ,paul probably makes a free p>aphrase ( ,isaiah #fd3d 9 #a ,cor9?ians #b3i1 & ( ,isaiah #fj3a-b 9 ,ephesians #e3ad4 ,ei!r ?is is :at is done "h1 or ,james is already ref]r+ to v]se #f1 a quotation f ,prov]bs #c3cd4 ,x is n necess>y to take ! second s5t5ce 9 v]se #e z a "q4 ,we may foll[ ! m>g93 8,! _s :i* he made to dwell 9 u he ye>ne? = ev5 unto jeal\s envy10 or 8) jeal\sy do? ,he ye>n aft] ! _s :i* he cause? to dwell 9 u0 7,hort71 or 8,he ye>ns jeal\sly = ! _s he set )9 u0 7,m(fatt74 ,9 "o case 7! "q7 we take 8! ,_s0 z a subject & z ! ,holy ,_s4 ,9 ! o!r case 7! affirmation7 we take 8_s0 z object & z our r$eem$ _s plant$ 9 u by ,god 7cf4 ,rom4 #h3d-af = bo? ideas74 ,9 ei!r r5d]+ x is ! ,_s ( ,god 7cf4 ,rom4 #h3i7 :o dwells 9 u & helps u /rive aga9/ ! evil =ces ( ! _w 9 our own he>ts4 ,god has s5t =? ! ,_s ( 8 ,son into our he>ts 7,gal4 #d3f71 :o helps u 9 ! fight ) ! fle% 7,gal4 #e3af-bf74 ,x is ! doctr9e ( ! indwell+ ,_s ( ,god1 a v preci\s doctr9e 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t 7,john #g3ci2 #af3g2 ,rom4 #h3aa2 #a ,cor4 #c3af2 ,gal4 #d3f2 ,eph4 #c3ag2 #d3cj74 ,! ,_s ( ,god has made 8 home 9 u4 ,?is is our glory & our hope4 ,! ^w = 8ye>n0 is a v /rong "o4 ,x is ! v]b 9 ,psalm #db3a3 8,z ! h>t pante? aft] ! wat] brooks1 s pante? my s\l aft] !e1 ,o ,god40 ,pet] uses x ( ! long+ ( newborn babes aft] ! s9c]e milk ( ! ^w 7#a ,pet] #b3b74 ,s ,paul ye>ns aft] ! ,philippians 7#a3h74 ,!re are _m int]pretations & _m ways ( punctuat+ ! words 8unto jeal\s envy0 or 8) jeal\sy40 ,we may n t>ry ov] !m4 ,probably ! idea is t ! ,holy ,_s covets our s\ls4 ,he does n wi% ! devil to h u4 ,usually ?is ^w = jeal\s envy has a bad s5se1 b ! context "h makes x cle>4 ,god is a jeal\s ,god4 ,he c brook no rival 9 our he>ts4 ,god wi%es ! :ole ( our he>t's love1 n j a "p4 ,he claims ! rights ( a lov+ husb& to all our he>t's devotion4 ,9 our h\rs ( d\bt & weakness 8! ,_s himself make? int]cession = u ) groan+s :i* _c be utt]$0 7,rom4 #h3bf74 ,we may ?ank ,god t he is a jeal\s ,god = 8 p ,israel4 ,he broods ov] 8 *ildr5 ) a "m's love1 long+ = _! gr[? & developm5t4 8,b he give? m grace0 7lit]ally1 8great] grace071 8yet he gives grace m & m0 7,m(fatt74 ,! words 8give? grace0 come f ! quotation foll[+ 7,prov4 #c3cd74 ,! effect ( ?is jeal\s affection on ,god's "p is n to ab&on u b to heap m & ri*] favors ^u u4 ,god dem&s ( u :olehe>t$ surr5d] & s]vice1 b he p\rs out ! weal? ( 8 love ^u u4 8,god resi/e? ! pr\d1 b give? grace to ! humble40 ,?is ,septuag9t quotation 7see also #a ,pet] #e3e7 is a free translation ( ! idea 9 ! ,hebrew text4 ,x is ! /rik+ figure ( ,god /&+ 9 ! way1 across ! pa? ( ! pr\d man :o c>ries 8 head s high above o!rs4 ,he w 9 due "t be br\ght l[4 ,pride goes be=e a fall1 = ,god is to be met along t road 7cf4 ,acts #ah3f2 ,rom4 #ac3b74 ,! man ( ! _w feels no ne$ ( ,god & feels secure & s]5e4 ,b he reckons )\t 8 ,ho/4 ,god %[s favor to ! humble 7cf4 ! contra/ 9 #a3aj74 ,! pr\d m5 ?9k !mselves ! monopoli/s 7,hort7 ( div9e favor1 b !y f9d out soon] or lat] t !y are pass$ by 9 favor ( ! man ) l[l9ess ( _s & nobility ( life1 :o makes ,god1 n ! _w1 ! ,"l ( 8 life4 ,?is man ,god honors ) f> m grace ?an ! _w c (f]4 ,he w h tr\ble 78) p]secutions071 no d\bt1 8b he %all receive a hundr$fold n[ 9 ?is "t10 :ile 89 ! _w to come et]nal life0 7,m>k #aj3bi f474 ,! pr9ce 9 ,god's k+dom & at 8 c\rt is n ! man :o we>s ! trapp+s ( e>?ly rank & /ation b ! "o :o caught ! _s ( ,jesus & s\ght to d good to all z he f\nd opportunity4 ,plumm] wond]s if ,james _h n he>d 8 "m recite ! ,magnificat4 ,c]ta9ly he "h e*oes ! same beautiful _s4 ,*oice ,betwe5 ,god & ! ,devil 7#d3g-h;a7 ,x comes to ?is1 t a man mu/ decide :e!r or n ,god is to rule 8 life4 ,x is self or ,god1 & t is ! same ?+ z ! devil or ,god1 = a self )\t ,god is rul$ by ! devil4 8,be subject !re=e unto ,god10 s9ce1 z ,james has %[n 9 v]se #f1 ,god gives grace to ! humble & )/&s ! pr\d4 8,! pr\d _s has to be curb$0 7,oe/]ley74 ,pet] has exp&$ ?is idea 9 a great passage 7#a ,pet] #e3f-i74 ,our only hope is "u ! lead]%ip ( ,god4 ,! devil is ! 8pr9ce ( ! _w0 7,john #ad3cj71 & he has pl5ty ( help 9 ! _w rul]s ( d>kness 7,eph4 #f3aa f474 ,! pr\d & self-will$ are sure to fall into 8 condemnation 7#a ,tim4 #c3f74 8,b resi/ ! devil40 ,take y\r /& 7note ! aori/ t5se7 9 ! face ( ! devil1 ! great h9d]] & sl&]]4 ,! fight is on betwe5 ! =ces ( ,god & ,satan1 & "o mu/ take sides4 ,a man once said t he wi%$ to be imp>tial 9 ! /ruggle betwe5 ,god & ! devil4 ,t species ( lib]ality is out ( ! "q4 ,he t is n ) ,*ri/ is aga9/ him4 ,!re is no middle gr\nd4 ,james does n /op to p>ley ov] ! exi/5ce ( ! devil4 ,he assumes ! reality ( ! dread ag5t ( evil1 :o is b5t on ! de/ruction ( all t is good 9 man4 ,! po9t to see cle>ly is t !re is b "o ?+ to d1 & t is to fight ! devil1 n ) fire b ) ! ^w ( ,god1 ) ! help ( ! ,_s ( ,god4 8,get !e h5ce1 ,satan10 ,jesus _h to say 7,matt4 #d3aj74 8,& he w flee f y40 ,! devil w run if we fight him ) ! might ( ,god4 ,"o way to submit to ,god is to fight (f ! devil4 ,b x is n all negative4 ,! conv]se is true also4 8,draw nigh to ,god1 & he w draw nigh to y40 ,! ,hebrew _h a te*nical t]m = draw+ nigh to ,god = ! purpose ( wor%ip 7,ex4 #ai3bb2 ,j]4 #cj3ba74 ,x is n true t ! devil is irresi/ible & x is useless to oppose him 7,plumm]74 ,?is is "o ( ! pleas ( ! devil himself to break d[n ! resi/+ p[] ( ! human w & s to take all fight out ( u4 ,! pr9ciple t ,james "h ann\nces is true to ,scripture1 to psy*ology1 & to human exp]i5ce4 ,if we draw nigh to ! devil1 he w draw nigh to u4 ,if we resi/ him1 he w flee f u4 ,if we resi/ ,god1 ev5 ,god w f9ally dep>t f u & leave u to our s9s4 ,if we approa* ,god 9 wor%ip1 he op5s 8 he>t to u4 8,return unto me1 & ,i w return unto y0 7,ze*4 #a3c74 8,to ?is end 0 ! ,son ( man manife/$1 t he might de/roy ! works ( ! devil0 7#a ,john #c3h74 8,! ,"l is nigh unto all !m t call ^u him0 7,psalm #ade3ah1 ,,av74 ,god fir/ draws nigh unto u 7,john #af3af71 & :5 we respond1 lo1 he is !re be=e u4 ,! place ( safety & ( p[] = ! ,*ri/ian is ! ?rone ( grace4 ,!re he has a mighty ,fri5d & ,help] 7,heb4 #d3af74 ,we c draw close to ,god1 z a *ild to 8 fa!r 9 ! d>k1 & feel 8 pres5ce4 ,a ,call to ,rep5tance 7#d3h;b-#aj7 ,"h ,james speaks l "o ( ! ,old ,te/am5t prophets4 ,8 epi/le1 :ile ?or\ghly ,*ri/ian1 is yet ne>] to ! /&po9t ( ! ,old ,te/am5t prophets ?an any o!r book 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 8,cleanse y\r h&s1 ye s9n]s40 ,! prie/s wa%$ _! h&s be=e !y ent]$ ! tab]nacle to wor%ip 7,ex4 #cj3ai-ba2 ,lev4 #af3d74 ,x 0 natural = ! language to be appli$ to moral purity3 8,i w wa% my h&s 9 innoc5cy3 s w ,i compass ?9e alt>1 ,o ,jehovah0 7,psalm #bf3f74 ,see also ,hebrews #aj3bb4 ,s ,pilate s\ght to emphasize 8 own fre$om f guilt by wa%+ 8 h&s 7,matt4 #bg3bd71 if by s do+ he might also soo! 8 own consci5ce4 ,x is n[ z x has always be53 8,:o %all asc5d into ! hill ( ! ,"l8 or :o %all /& 9 8 holy place8 ,he t ha? clean h&s1 & a pure he>t0 7,psalm #bd3c f41 ,,av74 ,! clean h&s signify little 9 a moral s5se--h[ev] desirable = sanit>y & o!r reasons--unless ! he>t is also clean4 ,inde$1 ! ,ph>isees came to make ! cleans+ ( ! h&s a sub/itute = moral cleanness 7,m>k #g3h ff474 8,purify y\r he>ts1 ye d\blem9d$40 ,! ^w = purification "h is ! common "o = c]emonial cleans+ 7,ex4 #ai3aj71 b ! idea is figurative1 z 9 #a ,pet] #a3bb & #a ,john #c3c4 ,james seems to ref] to ,psalm #gc3ac4 8,wa% y1 make y clean0 7,isa4 #a3af74 ,! d\ble-m9d$ 7cf4 ,james #a3h7 mu/ no long] halt betwe5 two op9ions4 ,!y mu/ =sake ! _w & give ,god ! :ole he>t4 ,x is a brave ^w = reality 9 religion & aga9/ ! holl[ mock]y ( m]e lip s]vice4 ,9 v]se #i we h a r unusual exhortation = ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! ^w = rep5tance does n mean sorr[ b *ange ( m9d & life4 ,! ne$ = a *ange implies sorr[ = ! s9s ( "o's life1 to be sure4 ,b "o may h sorr[ & /ill n *ange 8 he>t & life4 ,! ?+ t c\nts is ! *ange1 n ! degree ( ! sorr[4 ,b1 c]ta9ly1 sorr[ = s9 is appropriate & natural = ! s9n] :o turns away f x4 ,!re is c]ta9ly room = ! appeal to 8be afflict$1 & m\rn1 & weep0 7all aori/s ) a note ( urg5cy 9 ! t5se74 ,"o is rem9d$ ( ! 8woe0 ( ,jesus 9 ,luke #f3be4 ,we h "h a call to ! godly sorr[ describ$ 9 #b ,cor9?ians #g3aj4 ,!re is a "t to laugh & a "t to m\rn2 yes1 & a "t = laught] to be turn$ to m\rn+ & ev5 = joy to be turn$ into heav9ess1 l ! poor publican ) d[nca/ eyes 9 ! ,temple be=e ,god 7,luke #ah3ac74 8,! words express ! contra/ betwe5 ! l\d unseemly gaiety ( ! pleasure-seek]1 & ! subdu$ mi5 & d[nca/ look ( ! p5it5t0 7,oe/]ley74 8,humble y\rselves 9 ! sight ( ! ,"l40 ,?is is ! only prop] attitude = ! s9n]1 :e!r sav$ or unsav$4 ,see ! same figure 9 #a ,pet] #e3f4 ,! pr\d ,ph>isee 9 ,luke #ah3aa is ! picture ( all t wor%ip %\ld n be4 8,& he %all exalt y40 ,?is is ! law ( grace1 z is (t5 /at$ by ,jesus3 8,e "o t exalte? himself %all be humbl$2 & he t humble? himself %all be exalt$0 7,luke #ad3aa74 ,b ! man t humbles himself be=e ! eye ( ! ,"l mu/ d s because ( real appreh5sion ( 8 own s9 & ne$ ( =giv5ess1 n = ! purpose ( future exaltation to be obta9$ by mom5t>y self-abnegation4 ,! delicate balance ( motives "h is pres]v$4 ,! promise w come true only if ! p]son really turns to ! ,"l ) s9c]ity ( he>t4 ,no?+ is m ne$$ today ?an ?is pro/ration be=e ,god4 ,capti\s ,criticism 7#d3aa f47 ,m(fatt places ^! v]ses j aft] #b3ac1 s9ce ?is seems to h be5 its orig9al place4 ,?is is ! position also giv5 by ,oe/]ley4 ,& yet x is q possible t ,james "h m]ely recurs to ! subject ( ! loose tongue1 z he _h already done once 7cf4 #a3bf2 #c3b ff474 ,see also #e3ab4 ,he has "o ^w m on ?is burn+ topic1 a sort ( po/script on ! tongue1 an extremely difficult subject to say ! la/ ^w ab\t4 8,speak n "o aga9/ ano!r1 bre?r540 ,! t5se ( ! v]b 7pres5t durative7 implies t "s ( !m _h be5 do+ precisely ?is ?+4 ,x is s easy to 8talk d[n on "o10 to act z critic 7cf4 ,matt4 #g3a7 ( "o's bro!r 9 ,*ri/4 ,we _c help =m+ op9ions ( ea* o!r1 b we c avoid capti\s criticism1 %>p & ne$less c5sure4 ,! po9t made by ,james is t ?is habit assumes ! "r to judge ! v law ( ,god4 ,x is f> easi] to play ! "p ( critic ( ! law ?an to be a do] ( ! law4 ,de/ructive criticism is always ! *eap] ex]cise & ! m useless4 ,con/ructive criticism is m creative & mu* h>d]4 ,!re is "o supreme ,lawgiv] & ,judge1 8he :o is able to save & de/roy40 ,?is p[] belongs to ,god1 ! ,creator 7,matt4 #aj3bh2 ,luke #f3i71 n to man1 ! creature4 ,! critic ( ! law pref]s to f9d flaws 9 ! law r ?an to und]take to obey x4 ,he assumes t he c enact a bett] law1 b x is all assumption4 ,james %[s 8 impati5ce ) su* criticism by say+1 8,b :o art ?\ t judge/ ?y neighbor80 ,see ,romans #ad3d4 ,9 common law we are to give e man ! b5efit ( ! d\bt & to assume 8 innoc5ce till 8 guilt is prov54 ,b 9 curr5t spee* ! %>p tongue foll[s no su* rule ( reason b creates suspicion & s[s hate & /rife at e turn4 ,,xi ,god & ,bus9ess ,! arrogance ( ! s9ful he>t is cle>ly %[n 9 #d3ac to #e3f4 ,su* a he>t pref]s worldl9ess to ! wor%ip ( ,god 7see #d3a-aj7 & flippantly criticizes "o's neighbors ) ligh!>t$ satisfaction ) self & a positive love ( faultf9d+ 7#d3aa f474 ,?is easy arrogance faces ! future ) unconc]n4 ,no look ,godw>d is tak5 9 bus9ess v5tures4 ,james 8opposes ! irreligi\s s5se ( travell+ m]*ants0 7,w9dis*74 ,^! ,jews ( ! ,diaspora _h come to h a consid]able "p ( ! bus9ess ( ! ,roman ,empire4 ,!y pr(ess$ to be s]vants ( ,god1 b 9 practice !y (t5 d5i$ & ignor$ ! ,god ( _! fa!rs4 ,leav+ ,god ,out 7#d3ac-ae7 ,"o may hope t ,james alludes to ! ,jewi% m]*ants1 n ,jewi% ,*ri/ians4 ,c]ta9ly ^? ,jewi% m]*ants :o became ,*ri/ians cont9u$ _! bus9ess1 ?\gh n 9 a godless fa%ion4 ,! m]*ant has "o ( ! mo/ useful & mo/ honorable ( all call+s1 b x seems cle> t "s ( ! ,jewi% m]*ants _h already br\ght disfavor ^u ! bus9ess by _! %>p practices4 ,see ,sira* #bf3bi4 8,a m]*ant w h>dly keep himself f do+ wrong2 & a huck/] w n be decl>$ free f s940 ,?is piece ( moraliz+ is evid5tly occasion$ by "s tricks 9 trade indulg$ 9 by ,jewi% m]*ants4 ,"o is b\nd to admit t "s mod]n ,jews reta9 "s ( ! same reputation 9 c]ta9 l9es ( trade4 ,b ! po9t t ,james makes is a p]il to ,*ri/ian m]*ants also4 ,! ke5 competition 9 all k9ds ( bus9ess is a con/ant temptation to violate ! ,gold5 ,rule & to ignore ,god z well z ! welf>e ( "o's cu/om]s 9 ord] to make money & to meet a rival :o is unscrupul\s 9 trade4 ,! ,*ri/ian bus9essman today c d bus9ess on a high plane4 ,hu/le & ent]prise ne$ n condesc5d to und]h& me?ods4 ,x is a pleasure to note ! activity ( ! ,gideons1 an organization ( ,*ri/ian m5 :o1 besides do+ o!r useful ?+s1 h plac$ copies ( ! ,bible 9 ! rooms ( mo/ ,am]ican hotels4 ,^! m5 h n left ,god out4 ,9 ,pale/9e ! ,jews held on to ! agricultural life1 b 9 ! ,diaspora !y 7 m]*ants & bank]s4 ,philo 7,9 ,flaccum ,,viii7 gives a picture ( ! ,jewi% m]*ants & bank]s 9 ,alex&ria4 ,josephus 7,ant4 ,,xii1 #b-e7 alludes to ! ,jewi% travel+ m]*ant ab\t #age ,b4,c4 ,"o ( ! wond]s ( hi/ory is h[ ! ,jews1 scatt]$ ov] ! _w1 f9ally )\t a l& ( _! own1 h yet by _! wits ma9ta9$ !mselves z a race & a religion & h be5 lead]s 9 bus9ess1 9 art1 9 music1 9 politics1 9 lit]ature4 8,come n[1 ye t say0 is ! impati5t *all5ge ( ,james to ^? :o leave ,god out ( acc\nt 9 _! plans = ! future4 ,! tone ( impati5ce is due to ! conviction t "o %\ld be s consci\s ( 8 own weakness z n to boa/ ab\t ! future4 8,to-day or tomorr[ we w g into ?is city1 & sp5d a ye> !re1 & trade1 & get ga940 ,& !n we %all move on to ! next t[n & "w t ) our w>es1 = all ! _w l a mod]n 8fire sale0 or secondh& clo?+ /ore ) its bankruptcy or fire features4 ,! picture is drawn f life4 ,! use ( 8?is city0 is m]ely typical1 z if ,james 7 po9t+ x out on ! map 7,mayor71 & is m vivid ?an 8su* & su* a city40 ,9 ,james #a3aa we read t ! ri* man %all 8fade away 9 8 go+s10 an allusion to ! travels ( ! ri* m]*ants4 ,we see ! rapid movem5ts ( ! ,jewi% ,*ri/ians illu/rat$ by ! travels ( ,aquila & ,priscilla1 :o came f ,rome to ,cor9? 7,acts #ah3a f471 !n to ,ephesus 7#ah3ah71 to ,rome aga9 7,rom4 #af3c71 & back to ,ephesus 7#b ,tim4 #d3ai74 ,! phrase 8sp5d a ye> !re0 is lit]ally 8d a ye> !re10 & ! idiom occurs also 9 ,acts #ae3cc2 #bj3c 7cf4 ,prov4 #ac3bc74 ,! wide disp]sion ( ! ,jews all ov] ! ,roman ,empire gave !m bus9ess connections t made x easy to get new bus9ess & to hold ! old trade4 ,! v ^w "h = 8trade0 means to travel into a region to get bus9ess1 j l a mod]n comm]cial travel]4 ,our ^w 8emporium0 is j ?is ^w4 ,! ,jews made ! v ,temple itself 8a h\se ( m]*&ise40 ,s !n trad+ impli$ travel+ = bus9ess 7,matt4 #bb3e74 ,9 #b ,pet] #b3c a somb] light is ?r[n by ?is same ^w3 8,& 9 covet\sness %all !y ) feign$ words make m]*&ise ( y40 8,& get ga940 ,?is is ! climax ( ! :ole1 ! aim ( ! j\rneys & ! trad+4 8,! frequ5t conjunctions sep>ate ! diff]5t items ( ! plan1 :i* are rehe>s$ ?us "o by "o ) manife/ satisfaction4 ,! speak]s gloat ov] ! diff]5t /eps ( ! programme :i* !y h arrang$ = !mselves0 7,plumm]74 ,!re is no h>m 9 plann+ to make money or 9 travel = t purpose4 ,! h>m lies 9 ! complete ignor+ ( ,god 9 all _! plans4 8,:]eas ye "k n :at %all be on ! morr[10#hi 8y :o "k no?+ ab\t to-morr[0 7,m(fatt74 ,james has ample au?ority 9 ?is /atem5t4 8,boa/ n ?yself ( to-morr[2 = ?\ kn[e/ n :at a day may br+ =?0 7,prov4 #bg3a74 ,! prohibition implies a c>elessness ab\t ! future t grew out ( indiff]5ce to ,god4 ,!re is a rabb9ical say+ 7,sanh$4 #ajj;b7 to ?is effect3 8,c>e n = ! morr[1 = ye "k n :at a day may br+ =?40 ,james is condemn+ ^? :o make _! plans = ! future ) ,god left out1 z if all 7 9 _! own h&s4 ,jesus spoke ! wond]ful p>able ( ! ri* fool = ! b5efit ( two bro!rs :o 7 qu>rel+ ov] ! e/ate3 8,s\l1 ?\ ha/ mu* goods laid up = _m ye>s2 take ?9e ease1 eat1 dr9k1 be m]ry0 7,luke #ab3ai74 ,?is 0 ! worldly-wise view ( ! ,cyr5aics & ! ,epicureans1 & x is ! /&po9t ( multitudes ( mod]n m5 :o "u ! influ5ce ( monism 7l ,haeckel7 d5y ! exi/5ce ( a p]sonal ,god or :o act z if !re 7 no ,god 7,psalm #ad3a74 ,b ,god replies to ! fool1 8,?\ fooli% "o1 ?is night is ?y s\l requir$ ( !e2 & ! ?+s :i* ?\ ha/ prep>$1 ^: %all !y be80 ,jesus does n contradict ?is position :5 he says3 8,be n !re=e anxi\s = ! morr[3 = ! morr[ w be anxi\s = itself4 ,suffici5t unto ! day is ! evil !re(0 7,matt4 #f3cd74 ,he is "h condemn+ ov]anxiety1 t is z di/ru/ful ( ,god z reckless unconc]n4 ,!re is ! gold5 mean ( calm tru/ 9 ,god4 ,we are n to live 9 a haphaz>d mann]1 )\t plan or purpose4 ,we are to make plans1 b we mu/ put ,god into our prep>ations4 ,x is c[>dly to be sup]/iti\s 9 ! anticipation ( evil4 ,"s p knock on wood if !y happ5 to boa/ a bit4 ,o!rs are sup]/iti\s ab\t ! numb] ?irte51 ab\t ,friday1 ab\t ! moon1 & a hundr$ o!r halluc9ations4 ,! po9t ) ^! ,jews is n worry or sup]/ition b irreligion4 ,!re are multitudes ( practical pagans today :o fe> n ,god nor reg>d man4 ,!y c>ry on _! bus9ess ) no fe> ( consequ5ces = _! evil practices4 ,!y wreck a bank or a railroad ) equal non*alance & c>e n = ! suff]+ caus$ !reby 9 ! homes ( ! poor4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 we are ignorant ( ! morr[4 ,we d n "k ! wea!r ( ! morr[ ) c]ta9ty1 9 spite ( our gauges & =eca/s4 ,_m railroad accid5ts are due to ! unkn[n elem5ts 9 ! problems ( travel4 ,a faulty rail1 a brok5 tie1 a weak5$ :eel1 a roll+ /one1 a c>eless brakeman1 a sleep+ swit*man1 a malici\s robb]--a hundr$ & "o ?+s may happ51 any "o ( :i* w cause dea? to helpless victims4 8,! be/ laid s*emes o' mice & m5 gang aft a-gley40 ,! unc]ta9ty ( life is "o ( ! ?+s t a wise man mu/ consid] & face4 ,a clot ( blood on ! bra9 may cause in/ant & unexpect$ dea?4 ,! he>t1 driv5 too h>d1 may sudd5ly cease to beat4 8,:at is y\r life80 ,he does n mean mann] ( life or ! life pr9ciple or et]nal life4 ,! "q conc]ns all1 ! good & ! wick$ alike4 ,! "q z to ! "* ( life p]ta9s to its brevity & unc]ta9ty on e>?4 8,= ye are a vapor10 8y are b a mi/0 7,m(fatt74 ,! ^w is common = smoke1 z ! 8smoke ( a furnace0 7,g54 #ai3bh71 8vapor ( smoke0 7,acts #b3ai2 f ,joel #b3cj71 /eam or brea?2 s our 8atmosph]e40 ,job lam5t$ 7#g3g73 8,oh rememb] t my life is a brea?40 ,we are 8a vapor t appe>e? = a little "t1 & !n vani%e? away40 ,ari/otle 7,hi/4 ,an4 vi4 #g7 uses ^! two v]bs ( ! appe>ance & ! disappe>ance ( a flock ( birds z !y sweep across ! sky4 ,! usage occurs also ( ! eclipse ( ! sun4 ,! transitor9ess ( human life %\ld lead to full & he>ty recognition ( ,god1 n to c>eless slight+ ( him4 8,= t ye ought to say0 7m exactly1 8in/ead ( y\r say+071 8,if ! ,"l w1 we %all bo? live1 & d ?is or t40 ,james does n1 ( c\rse1 mean t "o %\ld always say ^! words4 ,t gets to be cant or m]e claptrap4 ,x becomes repell5t to he> "o use ! "n ( ,god flippantly & con/antly4 ,besides1 x comes to signify little or no?+1 z "o may c\nt 8 beads or say 8 ,pat] ,no/]s ) no reg>d to :at he is do+4 ,!re %\ld be significance 9 our acts & words ( wor%ip4 ,! ,jews made a po9t n to use ! "n ( ,god too famili>ly4 ,!y (t5 us$ 8! ,"n0 = ,god1 & ,*ri/ians came to ref] to ,*ri/ 9 ! same way1 8= ! ,"n0 7,acts #e3da74 ,! late ,jews came1 p]haps "u ,mohamm$an influ5ce1 to use ! =mula 8if ! ,"n wills0 :5 ab\t to />t ^u a j\rney 7,oe/]ley74 ,! rabbis 7,plumm]7 h a /ory ( a ,jewi% fa!r :o1 at ! circumcision ( 8 son1 boa/s t ) sev5-ye>-old w9e he w\ld celebrate = a long "t ! bir? ( 8 son4 ,t night ,rabbi ,simeon meets ! ,angel ( ,dea? & asks him1 8,:y art ?\ ?us w&]+ ab\t80 ,! angel replies3 8,because ,i slay ^? :o say1 #8,we w d ?is or t1' & ?9k n h[ soon dea? may come ^u !m40 ,! ?+ t matt]s is = u to h ! "r attitude ( he>t t[>d ,god1 n ! *att]+ ( a =mula4 ,god does n h to be propitiat$ by a *>m or amulet4 ,god %\ld be ! sil5t p>tn] 9 all our plans & "w1 to be consult$1 to be foll[$ :5ev] 8 w is made kn[n4 ,paul frequ5tly spoke ( 8 plans1 sometimes m5tion+ ,god1 z 9 ,acts #ah3ba 7,god will+71 #a ,cor9?ians #d3ai 7if ! ,"l w71 & #a ,cor9?ians #af3g 7if ! ,"l p]mit72 b also ) no m5tion ( ,god 9 words1 z 9 ,acts #ai3ba2 ,romans #ae3bh2 #a ,cor9?ians #af3e4 ,b always ,paul felt t 8 movem5ts 7 89 ! ,"l10 z 9 ,philippians #b3bd4 ,he nev] left ,god out ( 8 life4 ,inde$1 he practic$ ! pres5ce ( ,god4 ,consci\s ,opposition 7#d3af7 ,x is bad en\gh to ignore ,god1 z s _m m5 d4 ,a slight is almo/ z h>d to be> z an insult4 ,h[ev]1 a positive refusal to d ,god's kn[n w is worse4 8,b n[10 z is really ! case 7cf4 #a ,cor4 #ad3f71 8,b "h y are0 7,m(fatt71 in/ead ( y\r tru/ 9 ,god1 8ye glory 9 y\r vaunt+s40 ,9 _! pride ( life 7#a ,john #b3af7 !y practically defi$ ,god4 ,! ^w meant orig9ally a w&]] ab\t ! c\ntry1 a vagabond1 a ,scotti% l&l\p]1 a swagg]]1 an impo/]1 a bragg>t4 ,9 ,job #da3cd we f9d ! 8sons ( pride40 8,& ,i exalt$ n myself 9 arrogance0 7,te/4 ,joseph ,,xvii1 #h74 ,& ,jesus said1 8,i am among y z he t s]ve?0 7,luke #bb3bg1 ,,av74 ,^! m5 7 exalt+ !mselves at ! exp5se ( ,god4 ,!y 7 runn+ aga9/ ! kn[n w ( ,god4 ,"o ( ! rabbis says1 8,x is reveal$ & kn[n be=e ,!e t our w is to d ,?y w0 7,b]a*o?1 #ag;a74 8,all su* glory+ is evil10 says ,james4 ,x is n wick$ p] se to boa/ 7cf4 #a3i71 b su* boa/+ z m5tion$ is wick$4 ,x is n impossible to "k ! w ( ,god if "o w pay ! price4 8,if any man wille? to d 8 w1 he %all "k ( ! tea*+1 :e!r x is ( ,god0 7,john #g3ag74 ,! way op5s to ! "o :o is will+ to put ,god to ! te/4 8,! boa/] =gets t life dep5ds on ! w ( ,god0 7,mayor74 ,negative ,s9 7#d3ag7 ,9 a way ?is v]se is a summ>y ( ! entire epi/le 7cf4 #a3bb2 #b3ad2 #c3a1 #ac2 #d3aa74 ,h5ce ,james's 8!re=e0 is q 9 po9t4 ,m(fatt places ?is v]se at ! end ( *apt] #b4 ,spitta1 h[ev]1 f9ds no connection 9 ! context & takes x z a famili> quotation4 ,?is may inde$ be a ref]5ce to ! words ( ,jesus 9 ,luke #ab3dg3 8,t s]vant1 :o knew 8 "l's w1 & made n ready1 nor did accord+ to 8 w1 %all be beat5 ) _m /ripes40 ,!re is an excusable ignorance or at lea/ a mollify+ ignorance 7cf4 ,luke #ab3dh2 ,acts #c3ag2 #a ,tim4 #a3ac74 ,!re is palliation = unconsci\s s9s4 ,b ,james is deal+ ) failure to obey ! w ( ,god4 ,x is consci\s & wilful s91 b ( ! negative k9d4 ,^! s9s ( omission 7peccata omissionis7 are treat$ lightly by _m p4 ,! ,talmud 9 g5]al takes ?is easy position on ! subject4 ,oe/]ley quotes ! ,j]usalem ,talmud 7,yoma viii1 #f7 on ,zephaniah #a3ab3 8,i w se>* ,j]usalem ) c&les1 & ,i w puni% ! m510 :i* adds3 8n by daylight1 nor ) ! tor*1 b ) c&les1 s z n to detect v5ial s9s40 ,b he adds ?is also 7,%abba?1 #ed;b73 8,:osoev] is 9 a position to prev5t s9s be+ committ$ 9 8 h\sehold1 b refra9s f do+ s1 becomes liable = _! s9s40 ,& 9 #a ,samuel #ab3bc we read1 8,god =bid t ,i %\ld s9 aga9/ ! ,"l 9 ceas+ to pray = y0 7,,av74 ,jesus made x pla9 t he consid]$ s9s ( omission z real s9s3 8,^! ye ought to h done1 & n to h left ! o!r undone0 7,matt4 #bc3bc74 ,he> 8 tragic words to ! delud$ s9n] at ! judgm5t b>3 8,i 0 hungry1 & ye did n give me to eat2 ,i 0 ?ir/y1 & ye gave me no dr9k2 ,i 0 a /rang]1 & ye took me n 92 nak$1 & ye clo!d me n2 sick1 & 9 prison1 & ye visit$ me n0 7,matt4 #be3db f474 ,! repetition ( 8n0 "h is l ! toll+ ( a bell4 ,he> !n ,james3 8,to him !re=e t kn[e? to d good1 & doe? x n1 to him x is s940 ,s also ,paul urg$ ! ,galatians n to gr[ we>y 9 do+ ! good or beautiful 7,gal4 #f3i74 ,x is s easy to %ut "o's eyes & n to see ! opportunities = s]vice4 ,x is s easy to let prejudice bl9d u to ! ne$s ( ! real neighbor1 z ! prie/ & ! ,levite pass$ by on ! o!r side & left ! poor w\nd$ man to suff] 7,luke #aj3ca f474 ,! po9t t ,james is anxi\s to make is t ?is bl9dness is s94 ,! man :o has le>n$ h[ to d ! high & noble de$ & !n falls %ort has committ$ a s94 ,x is a heavy indictm5t t is "h drawn aga9/ u4 ,we are *>g$ ) n com+ up to ! /&>d ( our highe/ k4 ,plumm] comm5ts p]t95tly on ! ,roman ,ca?olic doctr9e ( probabilism1 :i* seeks to excuse ! weakness ( ! fle% & to ju/ify a p]son 9 8 pref]5ce ( ! l[] 9 ! pres5ce ( ! high]4 8,s long z x is n c]ta9 t ! act 9 "q is =bidd5 x may be p]mitt$40 ,plumm] adds1 8,! moral law is n s mu* expla9$ z expla9$ away40 ,alphonse de ,s>asa wrote on 8,! ,art ( ,p]petual ,enjoym5t0 7,ars ,semp] ,gaud5di71 a piece ( special plead+ = ! indulg5ce ( ! fle%4 8,! good is ! enemy ( ! be/10 & ! bad is ! enemy ( ! good4 ,d[n ! /eps we g to ! bottom ( ! ladd]4 ,ta9t$ ,weal? 7#e3a-c7 ,oe/]ley f9ds pro( ( ! 8pat*work0 "* ( ! epi/le 9 ! five p>agraphs ( ! clos+ *apt]4 ,b 9 a 8wisdom0 book "o does n expect direct connection betwe5 ! p>agraphs4 ,t is n true ( ! practical portions ( ! ,paul9e epi/les4 ,9 ! fir/ elev5 v]ses ( ?is *apt] ! es*atological /&po9t is occupi$1 possibly t ( ,jewi% es*atology 9 #a-f & t ( ,*ri/ian es*atology 9 #g-aa 7,oe/]ley74 ,note 89 ! la/ days0 9 v]se #c4 ,james is famili> ) ! prophetic imag]y ( ! messianic times 9 apocalyptic /yle b is v po9t$ 9 8 c\rage\s indictm5t ( ! follies & iniquities ( ! wick$ ri*4 ,john/one entitles ?is p>agraph 8! woes ( ! wick$ ri*40 ,mayor says1 8,x is n ! c>eless worldl9ess ( ! bu/l+ trad] :i* is condemn$1 b ! m deadly worldl9ess ( ! unju/ capitali/ or l&lord40 ,9 v]se #g ,james seems to contra/ 8! bre?r50 ) ! ri* ( v]ses #a-f4 ,x is wor?:ile to quote ,isaiah #cc3a3 8,woe to !e t spoile/1 & ?\ wa/ n spoil$2 & deale/ trea*]\sly1 & !y dealt n trea*]\sly ) !e6 :5 ?\ %alt cease to spoil1 ?\ %alt be spoil$2 & :5 ?\ %alt make an end to deal trea*]\sly1 !y %all deal trea*]\sly ) !e0 7,,av74 ,& ,habakkuk #b3i3 8,woe to him t gette? an evil ga9 = 8 h\se1 t he may set 8 ne/ on high1 t he may be deliv]$ f ! h& ( evil60 ,note also ! book ( ,eno*3 8,woe to ^? t build _! h\ses ) s90 7#id3g72 8,woe unto y mighty :o viol5tly oppress ! righte\s1 = ! day ( y\r de/ruction w come0 7#if3h74 ,p]haps !re is an allusion to ! words ( ,jesus aga9/ ! ,ph>isees 7,matt4 #bc3ac-cf74 ,! ,gospel ( ,luke is held by "s to h an ,ebionitic t5d5cy because x pres]ves "s pla9 words ( ,jesus to1 & ab\t1 ! ri* 7#f3bd2 #ah3bd74 ,b ,jesus is n ho/ile t[>d ! ri*1 = he _h fri5ds & foll[]s f ! weal?y classes1 al?\gh he dealt v squ>ely & hone/ly ) !m4 ,"s ,jews held t all ! ri* 7 wick$1 z "s mod]n sociali/s & an>*i/s d4 ,b c]ta9ly ,jesus did n fawn ^u ! ri* or curry favor ) !m by flatt]y or compromise4 ,x is easy to d5\nce classes ( m5 en masse4 ,x requires p]spicacity & c\rage to discrim9ate1 to be j1 & to seek to rem$y real ills4 ,! ri* ,jews _h already oppress$ ! ,*ri/ians & made ! conditions ( life h>d4 ,! ,*ri/ians 7 helpless = any imm$iate relief4 ,!y _h little or no p[] 9 gov]nm5t & _h to live 9 ! social & economic atmosph]e creat$ by ^? ho/ile to !m4 ,x 0 n a democratic b an imp]iali/ic age4 ,9 hold+ out ! consolation t rectification ( ^! grave evils w take place at ! second com+ ( ,*ri/1 ,james does n mean to condone ! pres5t situation or to acquiesce 9 x4 ,b :at _c be cur$ c be endur$4 ,*ri/ianity has _h a long & h>d fight 9 ! ef=t to alleviate ! suff]+s ( ! poor4 ,(ttimes grasp+ m5 ( money h us$ ! v *ur* itself z a means ( oppression in/ead ( an ag5t ( bless+4 ,x is a sad /ate :5 m5 & wom5 ) real social wrongs come to feel t ,*ri/ianity is a negative factor 9 _! /ruggle or a positive h9drance to success4 ,james turns ^u ^! oppressors3 8,come n[1 ye ri*1 weep & h[l = y\r mis]ies t are com+ ^u y40 ,?is 8come n[0 is l t 9 #d3ac4 8,weep & %riek10 ,m(fatt has x4 ,! ^w is an onomatopoetic ^w & is us$ only ( viol5t grief1 z 9 ,isaiah #ac3f2 #d3ca4 ,x does n occur else:]e 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! apocalyptic writ+s h a good deal to say ab\t ! mis]ies t 7 com+ ^u !m 7cf4 ,joel #b3aj ff42 ,ze*4 #ad3f ff42 ,dan4 #ab3a74 ,! ,gospels connect !m also ) ! ,day ( ! ,"l 7,matt4 #bd-be2 ,m>k #ac3ad-bg2 ,luke #ba3i-ai74 ,"p ( ! ,gospel prophecies 7 fulfill$ 9 ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem4 8,y\r ri*es are corrupt$10 8y\r weal? lies rott+0 7,m(fatt74 ,! p]fect t5se pres5ts ! /ate ( rott5ness4 ,?is ill-gott5 ga9 w n keep2 x is already putrid4 ,!re is su* a ?+ z ta9t$ money--blood money wrung f ! oppress$ toil]s2 money ga9$ by f9ancial leg]dema9 7high f9ance7 at ! exp5se ( helpless /ockhold]s1 ^: /ock is wat]$ = ! b5efit ( ! few 9 control2 money made out ( ! s\ls & bodies ( m5 & wom5 9 ! saloon & ! :ite slave traffic4 ,! e?ics ( money-mak+ is a l>ge "q & a vital "o 9 mod]n life4 ,x is rais$ 9 an acute =m by ?is passage4 ,*ri/ians _c af=d to make money by cru%+ ! life out ( bus9ess rivals on ! jugg]naut pr9ciple4 ,! ,gold5 ,rule ought to "w 9 bus9ess4 ,*ri/ claims control ( money & ! mak+ ( money4 ,! ,*ri/ian :o acts on ! 8bulkhead10 or comp>tm5t1 pr9ciple ( life & keeps 8 money 9 a sep>ate bulkhead into :i* he does n all[ ,*ri/ to ent] is disloyal to ,*ri/4 ,*ri/ claims ! "r ( a p>tn] 9 our bus9ess1 n a sil5t b an active p>tn]4 ,we are 9 bus9ess ) ,*ri/ & = ,*ri/4 ,! ,*ri/ian has no "r to h rott5 ri*es4 ,he %\ld h clean money1 n fil?y lucre4 ,s\nd money is m ?an m]e phrase4 ,money repres5ts labor1 & labor is ! sweat ( bra9 & brawn4 ,! gambl] _c (f] clean money to ,god4 ,he has robb$ a man ( 8 money4 8,y\r g>m5ts are mo?-eat540 ,we h ! prophetic p]fect "h1 & ,james sees ! outcome z a reality 9 a /ate ( completion4 ,x is a vivid picture ( f9e clo!s eat5 by mo?s & full ( holes1 ru9$ beyond repair4 ,9 ! ,ea/ ^! ri* g>m5ts 7 h&$ d[n z heirlooms f g5]ation to g5]ation & (t5 =m$ a consid]able "p ( ! weal? ( a ri* man4 ,paul ref]s to ?is :5 he said1 8,i covet$ no man's silv]1 or gold1 or app>el0 7,acts #bj3cc74 ,! picture ( an old mo?-eat5 g>m5t is =lorn 9 ! extreme4 8,?\gh ,i am l a rott5 ?+ t consume?1 l a g>m5t t is mo?-eat50 7,job #ac3bh74 ,a plutocrat is subject to ! fate ( all mortals4 8,y\r gold & y\r silv] are ru/$10 8lie ru/$ ov]0 7,m(fatt74 ,z a matt] ( fact1 gold does n ru/ 9 ! ord9>y s5se1 except by *emicals1 ?\gh silv] t>ni%es r easily4 ,h[ev]1 ?is v]b is us$ 9 ,sira* #ab3aa ( a mirror dimm$ ) ru/2 b ! ,hebrew ^w is us$ also ( fil?4 ,a dirty mirror is "o ( ! uglie/ sights4 ,james is us+ popul> language1 to be sure1 & is n to be held to ! t]m9ology ( sci5ce4 ,b sci5ti/s !mselves h>dly "k h[ to use language accurately1 s9ce radium is f\nd to break d[n ! l9es betwe5 metals & transmutation actually occurs l ! al*emy ( ! anci5ts4 ,9 ,james #c3h ?is ^w = 8ru/0 is us$ = poison4 ,at any rate1 decay re/s on all mortal ?+s4 ,x is n necess>y to wait = ! ,day ( ! ,"l to see ?is fact4 8,_! ru/ %all be = a te/imony aga9/ y40 ,!re w be no escape f ?is telltale ru/ :i*1 l gray hairs1 betrays age & ! approa* ( dea?4 8,& %all eat y\r fle% z fire40 ,we/cott & ,hort place 8z fire0 ) ! next s5t5ce4 ,ei!r punctuation makes good s5se1 b x is a bold] figure us$ z m5tion$1 = no?+ eats up :at x seizes ^u m rapidly or completely ?an fire4 ,fe$+ ! flames ( a furnace1 z a /ok] 9 a great %ip1 is "o ( ! mo/ exhau/ive ( all tasks4 ,fire licks up all 9 its rea* & w gut mod]n firepro( build+s 7iron & concrete7 :5 once x gets />t$4 ,! plural "h emphasizes ! complet5ess ( ! "w ( de/ruction4 8,ye h laid up y\r treasure 9 ! la/ days40 ,^! wick$ ri* h heap$ up treasure l a !saurus & 9 ! end ( ! day h se5 x turn to du/ & a%es1 crumbl+ betwe5 _! f+]s4 ,!re is no vault on e>? secure aga9/ mo?1 ru/1 & ?ieves 7,matt4 #f3ai74 ,^? :o set _! he>ts ^u ! weal? ( e>? are b\nd to come to grief4 ,pitiful is ! /ate ( ! man 8t laye? up treasure = himself1 & is n ri* t[>d ,god0 7,luke #ab3ba74 ,! only weal? t la/s is ri*es t[>d ,god1 & ?is is op5 to u all4 ,! only wise use ( money is 9 mak+ fri5ds :o w welcome u 7,luke #af3i7 into ! et]nal tab]nacles4 ,! mammon ( unrighte\sness may be s employ$4 ,if x is n1 "o w f9d t he has simply treasur$ up wra? aga9/ ! day ( wra?1 to be paid at la/ ) comp\nd int]e/ 7,rom4 #b3e74 ,wrong$ ,work]s 7#e3d7 ,! ,god ( all ! e>? w d "r4 ,he is n deaf to ! cries ( ^? oppress$ millions 9 ! ages ^: pite\s appeals = elem5tal ju/ice come to him4 ,?is is a t]rible indictm5t ( ,jewi% capitali/s :o )held ! meag] wages ( ! m5 :o ga!r$ ! h>ve/s4 8,behold1 ! hire ( ! labor]s :o m[$ y\r fields1 :i* is ( y kept back by fraud1 crie? out40 ,! hire ( ! labor]s rem9ds "o ( ! prov]b1 8,! labor] is wor?y ( 8 hire0 7,luke #aj3g2 #a ,tim4 #e3ah74 ,! ^w = 8hire0 occurs sometimes 9 ! s5se ( rew>d 7e4g41 #a ,cor4 #c3h1 #ad71 b ! orig9al idea is t ( pay = "w done 7e4g41 ,matt4 #bj3h71 & s "h4 ,! ^w = labor] means any k9d ( workman1 b x is common 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t = agricultural work]s4 8,! h>ve/ inde$ is pl5te\s1 b ! labor]s are few0 7,matt4 #i3cg74 ,:5 ! "w is done1 x is only simple ju/ice = ! workman to receive 8 pay1 = ! hungry m\?s at home h to be fill$4 ,9 ! ,old ,te/am5t ! cause ( ! workman 0 gu>d$ ) special c>e3 8,?\ %alt n oppress a hir$ s]vant t is poor & ne$y1 :e!r he be ( ?y bre?r51 or ( ?y soj\rn]s t are 9 ?y l& )9 ?y gates3 9 8 day ?\ %alt give him 8 hire1 nei!r %all ! sun g d[n ^u x 444 le/ he cry aga9/ !e unto ,jehovah1 & x be s9 unto !e0 7,deut4 #bd3ad f474 ,see also ,mala*i #c3e3 8,i w be a swift witness aga9/ 444 ^? t oppress ! hirel+ 9 8 wages40 ,tobit *>ges 8 son ,tobias1 8,let n ! wages ( any man1 :i* ha? wr\ght = !e1 t>ry ) !e1 b give him x out ( h&0 7,tobit #d3ad74 ,sira* 7#cd3ba f47 says1 8,! bread ( ! ne$y is ! life ( ! poor3 he t defraude? him !re( is a man ( blood4 ,he t take? away 8 neighbor's liv+ slaye? him2 & he t defraude? a labor] ( 8 hire is a blood-%$d]40 ,c]ta9ly1 !re=e1 ! ,jews 7 n )\t explicit tea*+ on ?is vital po9t ( elem5tal social ju/ice4 ,& yet ^! m5 8:o m[$0 7lit]ally1 8heap toge!r07#ij _! fields _h ! sad exp]i5ce ( n receiv+ ! wages1 8( y kept back by fraud1 comes too late f y0 7,mayor74 ,! ^w means to 8fall %ort10 8be too late40#ia ,! hone/ labor]s :o =m ! f\ndation ( our indu/rial sy/em are n to be treat$ z begg>s or hobos4 ,!y are n subjects = *>ity4 ,!y are ! human elem5t 9 ! indu/rial problem4 ,blood is ?ick] ?an wat] & is m valuable ?an gold4 ,! horror ( w> is t x treats m5 z fodd] = cannon1 reg>dless ( ! result to ! man or ^? dep5d5t on him4 ,?is /ol5 pay 8cries out0 & ought to cry out1 :e!r ! hire is kept back aft] ! "w is done or :e!r ! employ] purposely squeezes ! labor] d[n to />vation wages 9 ord] to make m money = himself4 ,!re is a j balance to be /ruck by :i* bo? capital & labor may receive fair remun]ation4 8,! cries ( !m t reap$ h ent]$ into ! e>s ( ! ,"l ( ,sabao?40 8,! cries ( ! h>ve/]s0 7,m(fatt7 are musical :5 !y s+ toge!r z !y "w1 cont5t ) _! wages & joy\s 9 _! "w4 ,b ! cries "h he>d are ( a v diff]5t sort4 ,!y are ! angry1 res5tful outcries ( m5 :o h be5 wrong$ 9 _! v s\ls by ^? :o %\ld h be5 _! protectors & fri5ds1 ^? = :om ! h>ve/]s h work$4 ,^! m5 cry to heav51 & !y ought to d s4 ,mayor notes f\r s9s t cry to heav53 a bro!r's blood 7,g54 #d3aj71 ! s9 ( ,sodom 7,g54 #ah3bj71 ! oppress$ hirel+ 7,deut4 #bd3ae71 & ! cry ( ,job = ju/ice 7,job #af3ah f474 ,b m5 ought to he> ! cry ( ! labor]s be=e !y become too clamor\s4 ,x is only "r t social inju/ice %\ld be rectifi$ "h & n[ & ! transgressors puni%$4 ,! social te/ ( mod]n ,*ri/ianity is to d ju/ice to ! labor+ m5 )\t do+ inju/ice to ! capitali/s4 ,! conditions ( life mu/ be made easi]4 ,if corporations h no s\ls1 ! m5 :o toil at ! =ge h4 ,m5 are entitl$ to a bit ( heav5 "h & n[ at _! own he>? & home4 ,someh[1 _m ( ! labor]s h come to feel t ! *ur*es d n sympa?ize ) ! /ruggles ( ! labor+ classes to bett] _! h>d lot b fawn ^u ! v ri* :o sometimes gr9d ! toil]s to ! e>?4 ,x is easy to be extreme & unju/ to "o side or ! o!r4 ,! ma9 ?+ is to be fai?ful to ,god & man1 to man z man4 ,! poore/ ( m5 is wor? m ?an a %eep1 yes1 ?an gold & silv]4 ,! s\l is )\t price1 & ! s\l dwells 9 ! body4 ,we mu/ %ake ! %ackles free f m5 & wom5 :o cry out to ,god4 ,! ,"l ,god ( ,sabao? has he>d _! cries & w puni% ! (f5d]s 9 due "t1 b t fact does n absolve u f our pres5t duty 9 ! mid/ ( conditions t call = action4 ,wrong$ work]s h a "r to a he>+ at ! b> ( public op9ion4 ,!y w cry on until !y are he>d4 ,! ,wanton ,use ( ,money 7#e3e f47 ,evid5tly ,james is all ablaze z he faces ! situation ( 8 read]s4 ,^! ,jewi% plutocrats1 "s ( !m %y/]s1 h made _! money out ( ! blood & sweat ( ! toil+ poor4 ,& !n !y sp5d x 9 a way to ang] ! wrong$ work]s /ill m4 ,!y live 9 ! mo/ luxuri\s extravagance & wa/e ( money :ile ! cold1 half-nak$1 hungry toil]s :o made ! weal? g unpaid4 ,x is no wond] t su* labor]s gr[ bitt] at he>t4 ,x is a vivid & ev5 gha/ly picture ( ! wick$ ri* :o revel at ! co/ ( human happ9ess1 :o ) c>eless indiff]5ce %ut _! eyes to ! mis]y all ar\nd !m due to _! own inju/ice4 ,*ri/ianity endeavors to make ?is cold cynicism impossible1 to p]suade to be j &1 if ne$ be1 g ! second mile 9 eag]ness to help r ?an to hang back & higgle ov] ! fir/4 8,ye h liv$ delicately on ! e>?1 & tak5 y\r pleasure1 ye h revell$ on e>? & plung$ into dissipation0 7,m(fatt74 ,! s\nd ( revelry by night has no melody to ! e>s ( ! man ^: wife & *ildr5 are />v+ because he does n get a squ>e deal f 8 employ]4 ,9 ,h]mas 7,sim4 #g4 #a7 bo? ( ^! v]bs are us$ toge!r 78rem9isc5ce ( ?is passage10 ,mayor7 ( ^? :o gave !mselves up to ! lu/s ( ! _w4 ,see also #a ,timo?y #e3f3 8,%e t give? h]self to pleasure is dead :ile %e live?40 ,"o is rem9d$ ( ! picture ( ! begg> ,laz>us :o lay at ! ri* man's gate :ile ! man fea/$ )94 ,! conditions w be rev]s$ 9 heav5 if ! poor are ,*ri/ians & ! ri* man is unsav$ 7,luke #af3be74 ,t hope is n to be despis$1 b ,james is n cont5t to sp>e ! ri* n[ :ile !y inflict su* wrongs on m5 :om !y employ4 8,ye h n\ri%$ y\r he>ts 9 a day ( slaught]40 ,we h "h a h>d phrase to und]/&4 ,hom] uses ! v]b mean+ to turn milk into *eese 7,od4 ix4 #bdf74 ,b we _c feel sure 7cf4 ,luke #ba3cd74 ,& :at is 8! day ( slaught]08 ,m(fatt boldly r5d]s x ?us3 8,y h fatt5$ y\rselves z = ! ,day ( ,slaught]40 ,t is at lea/ compreh5sible4 ,at any rate1 :5 ,j]usalem 0 de/roy$1 ! ,romans slew ! ri* ,jews indiscrim9ately1 :e!r !y rema9$ 9 ! city or flew 9 despair to ! ,romans :o 7 b5t on plund] 7cf4 ,josephus1 ,w>1 v4 #aj1 #b74 ,! pi\s poor 9 all ! ages h suff]$ at ! h&s ( ! ri* & ! mighty4 ,ev5 9 ,am]ica religi\s lib]ty came z ! result ( fi]ce /ruggle4 ,political fre$om 0 b\ght ) ! price ( blood4 ,economic ju/ice w be won only by te>s & blood4 ,! v limit is rea*$4 8,ye h condemn$1 ye h kill$ ! righte\s "o2 he do? n resi/ y40 ,_m take ^! words to ref] to ! dea? ( ,jesus z ! culm9ation ( iniquity1 :5 ! ri* ,ph>isees & ,sadducees obta9$ ! dea? ( ! poor ,c>p5t] ( ,naz>e?4 ,9 ^! words ,pet] *>g$ t ! ,jews _h be5 guilty ( ,*ri/'s dea?3 8,b ye d5i$ ! ,holy & ,righte\s ,"o1 & ask$ = a murd]] to be grant$ unto y1 & kill$ ! ,pr9ce ( life0 7,acts #c3ad f474 ,c]ta9ly ! application to ,jesus has a deal ( v]isimilitude4 ,/eph5 us$ simil> language3 8,& !y kill$ !m t %[$ be=e ( ! com+ ( ! ,righte\s ,"o2 ( :om ye h n[ become betray]s & murd]]s0 7,acts #g3eb74 8,! ,righte\s ,"o0 is ?us se5 to be "o ( ! titles giv5 ,jesus by ! e>ly disciples4 ,!re is no reason :y ,james %\ld n h ref]r$ to ! dea? ( ,jesus 9 ^? words4 ,b ! book ( ,wisdom has simil> language ab\t ! righte\s poor :o are oppress$ by ! wick$ ri*1 & ! p>allel is s cle> t probably ,james ref]s directly to x4 ,see ,wisdom #b3aj ff43 8,let u oppress ! poor righte\s man2 let u n sp>e ! wid[1 nor rev]5ce ! anci5t grey hairs ( ! ag$4444 ,let u lie 9 wait = ! righte\s2 because he is n = our turn1 & he is cle> contr>y to our do+s2 he upbraide? u ) our (f5d+ ! law40 ,x 0 s 9 ! days ( ! prophets4 ,he> ,amos 7#b3f f47 z he ?und]s aga9/ ! evils ( 8 day3 8,!y h sold ! righte\s = silv]1 & ! ne$y = a pair ( %oes--!y t pant aft] ! du/ ( ! e>? on ! head ( ! poor0 7surely ! mo/ gre$y ( m5 = real e/ate1 if !y ev5 seek t on top ( ! head ( ! poor674 ,! picture is "o ( ! oppression ( ! good man :o is unresi/+ & all[s himself to be robb$4 ,! horrors ( w> to helpless wom5 & *ildr5 come be=e u4 ,x is curi\s t 9 ! leg5d>y acc\nt#ib ( ! dea? ( ,james1 :o 0 lat] call$ also 8! ,j10 we are told t ! ,jews ran ^u ,james1 cry+1 8,oh6 oh6 ev5 ! righte\s "o40 ,"o ( ! prie/s va9ly cri$ out3 8,/op6 ,:at are y do+8 ,! righte\s "o is pray+ = y40 ,accord+ to ?is /ory1 ,james himself f9ally met ! v fate ( ^? un=tunate victims ( ,jewi% gre$ & hate1 ( :om ,jesus is ! *ief illu/ration4 ,progress 9 behalf ( human rights is won only by sl[ advances "h & !re4 ,b 9 ! end ( ! day ! cause w9s4 ,! />s 9 _! c\rses fight aga9/ ,sis]a & all ! enemies ( man & ,god4 ,,xii ,p]sev]ance & ,pray] ,! purpose ( ,james 9 writ+ 8 epi/le comes out cle>ly 9 #e3g-bj4 ,he wi%es to he>t5 ! ,jewi% ,*ri/ians 9 ! mid/ ( _! trials z well z to make a prote/ aga9/ ! oppressions to :i* !y 7 subject$4 8,! /orm ( indignation is pa/1 & f ?is po9t to ! end ( ! ,epi/le ,/4 ,james writes 9 tones ( t5d]ness & affection0 7,plumm]74 ,he has d5\nc$ ! p]secutors & n[ turns to ! bre?r5 :o are "u ! heel ( ! money devil4 ,pati5ce till ! ,p>\sia 7#e3g f47 8,be pati5t !re=e1 bre?r51 until ! com+ ( ! ,"l40 ,m(fatt has x 8till ! arrival ( ! ,"l40 ,! example ( ! righte\s man1 :e!r ,*ri/ or ! typical righte\s poor man1 argues /rongly = long-suff]+ 78long-temp]$0 l our 8sweet-temp]$10 8quick-temp]$10 & ! opposite ( 8%ort-temp]$10 accord+ to ,mayor74 ,9 ! ,*ri/ian race "o _c af=d to be %ort ( w9d4 ,he has a long run & mu/ hold out until ! goal is rea*$ 7cf4 ,heb4 #ab3a-c74 ,"o is rem9d$ ( ! op5+ note ( ! ,epi/le ( ,james 7#a3b-d71 :]e he urg$ joy 9 ! mid/ ( v>i$ trials4 ,! wick$ ri* des]ve all ! fi]ce d5unciation t ,james has j be/[$ & all ! p5alty t ,god w inflict1 b ! suff]+ ,*ri/ians mu/ n engage 9 m]e recrim9ation4 ,james does n disc\rage prote/ aga9/ wrong or ! ef=t to remove evil4 ,b !re is a residuum ( suff]+ & pa9 9 ! cup ( all ( u4 ,:5 all else is done1 9 ! end ( ! day we mu/ dr9k t cup4 ,let u d x ) ! _s ( soldi]s :o fall 9 ! tr5*es at ! po/ ( duty4 ,x is bett] to d x )\t fl9*+ & )\t mak+ a wry face4 ,god is full ( long-suff]+ t[>d u 7,rom4 #b3d2 #a ,pet] #c3bj71 & m5 h %[n ! same _s 7,james #e3aj2 #b ,cor4 #f3f74 ,! pati5ce 9 ,james #a3c f4 is j 8rema9+ "u10 b "h ! po9t is to d x & make no fuss ab\t x1 n to call att5tion to :at "o is suff]+1 to be a m>tyr )\t insi/+ on be+ recogniz$ z "o4 ,! e>ly ,*ri/ians 7 s eag] = ! second com+ ( ! ,"l ,jesus t !y 7 impati5t = 8 return & "s ( !m completely upset ab\t x1 al?\gh ,jesus _h emphasiz$ ! utt] unc]ta9ty ( ! "t & _h urg$ wat*fulness & read9ess4 ,by a skilful turn 7,plumm]7 ,james 8makes ! unconsci\s impati5ce ( primitive ,*ri/ianity a basis = 8 exhortation to consci\s pati5ce40 ,"s ( !m no long] _h a ta/e = ! sl[ "w ( pl[+1 s[+1 & reap+1 =gett+ :at ,jesus _h said ( ! gradual gr[? ( ! k+dom ( ,god f se$ to h>ve/4 ,s ,james1 probably ) ! words ( ,jesus 9 m9d1 says1 8,behold1 ! husb&man waite? = ! preci\s fruit ( ! e>?40 ,! f>m]1 till] ( ! soil1 has mu* to disc\rage him 9 ! mak+ & sell+ ( 8 crops4 ,! soil has to be kept up to its level ( f]tility & mu/ be prop]ly prep>$4 ,! se$ mu/ be ( good quality & has to be s[n at ! prop] season4 ,! we$s w come1 & ! h>ve/ is dep5d5t on ! sun & ! ra94 ,he _c ha/5 ! process4 ,:5 he has done ! mo/ sci5tific f>m+1 he c only wait 9 expectancy4 ,(t51 p]haps daily1 ! f>m] wat*es ! gr[? ( ! gra91 8be+ pati5t ov] x10 b5d+ ov] x z a fond fa!r4 ,he kn[s t he _c ha/5 ! season4 ,! e>ly ra9 made possible ! s[+ ( ! se$4 ,! latt] ra9 w make possible a h>ve/4 ,mean:ile1 he c d no?+ b wait 8until x receive0 ! f9al t\* f ,god's h&4 ,by =ce ( circum/ances ! f>m] has to ex]cise long-suff]+ t[>d 8 crop ( :eat4 8,be ye also pati5t40 ,james applies 8 illu/ration ) directness & p[]4 8,ye also10 z well z ! husb&man4 ,he does x1 = nature has taught him h] secrets4 8,ye0 %\ld d s1 = ,jesus has %[n y ! way4 8,e/abli% y\r he>ts40 ,pet] is *>g$ ) j ?is task :5 he has turn$ 7,luke #bb3cb74 ,god /r5g!ns u 7#a ,pet] #e3aj2 #a ,!ss4 #c3ac71 b we mu/ d our %>e4 8,= ! com+ ( ! ,"l is at h&40 ,! phrase 8is at h&0 is ! "o t ,john ! ,bapti/ us$ ( ! ne>ness ( ! k+dom ( heav5 :i* _h come "r ^u !m 7,matt4 #c3b74 ,s ,pet] 7#a ,pet] #d3g7 says1 8,! end ( all ?+s is at h&40 ,paul 7,phil4 #d3e7 says1 8,! ,"l is at h&40 ,!re is no d\bt t ! e>ly ,*ri/ians hop$ t ,jesus w\ld come back quickly & ?us relieve !m f ! ills ( an impossible social sy/em 7,rom4 #ac3aa2 #a ,!ss4 #d3ae2 #a ,john #b3ah74 ,b !y did n at all feel sure t ,jesus 0 com+ "r away 7#a ,!ss4 #e3b2 #b ,!ss4 #c3a ff42 #b ,cor4 #e3a-aj2 ,phil4 #a3ba-bc74 ,:5 #b ,pet] 0 writt51 sc(f]s 7 already ask+1 8,:]e is ! promise ( 8 com+80 7#b ,pet] #c3d74 ,! answ] is giv5 t "o day ) ! ,"l is z a ?\s& ye>s & a ?\s& ye>s z "o day4 ,back to _! tasks !y mu/ g1 back to ! build+ up ( ! k+dom ( ,god 9 ! mid/ ( a _w ( woe & s91 on ) ! conflict till ,jesus comes1 on ) ! long siege aga9/ human gre$ & inhumanity to man4 ,pati5ce is ! ^w--pati5ce & pray]1 pluck & praise1 p[] & peace 9 ! end4 ,folly ( ,recrim9ation 7#e3i7 ,if ?+s d n g to suit u1 ! natural way is to blame somebody else = :at has befall5 u4 ,we g5]ally exculpate ourselves f all responsibility4 ,a nave illu/ration ( ?is prop5sity is f\nd 9 ,john #ab3ai3 8,behold h[ ye prevail no?+2 lo1 ! _w is gone aft] him40 ,at ! triumphal entry ( ,jesus into ,j]usalem ! ,ph>isees1 ?9k+ t _! cause aga9/ ,jesus 0 lo/1 turn$ & blam$ ea* o!r = ! outcome4 ,s !n 8murmur n1 bre?r51 "o aga9/ ano!r40 ,lit]ally x is1 8groan n1 bro!rs1 aga9/ "o ano!r40 ,see ,romans #h3bc3 8,we ourselves groan )9 ourselves40 ,x is ! inw>d & unexpress$ feel+ r ?an ! outw>d expression ( dissatisfaction 7cf4 ,james #d3aa74 ,! secret grudge is tak5 out 9 groans & murmurs4 ,9 ,m>k #g3cd ,jesus is said to h groan$ z he look$ up to heav5 & pray$1 p]haps out ( %e] we>9ess at ! burd5 ( s9 & sorr[ t 0 ^u him4 ,x is h>d to be cont5t & to smo!r res5tm5t at kn[n or suspect$ wrong4 ,! suppress$ volcano may easily break out into a viol5t eruption4 8,let !m w&] up & d[n = meat1 & grudge if !y be n satisfi$0 7,psalm #ei3ae1 ,,av74 ,! murmur ( a mob is (t5 s5seless1 & 9 all ev5ts we mu/ be> 9 m9d t we br+ d[n condemnation on our own heads4 8,t ye be n judg$10 says ,james4 ,he recurs to ?is po9t 9 #e3ab4 ,probably ! words ( ,jesus 9 ,mat!w #g3a are recall$ by ,james4 8,behold1 ! judge /&e? be=e ! door40 ,he w he> all compla9ts & set ev]y?+ "r4 ,! picture appe>s to be t 9 ! ,mi%nah ,ab4 iv4 #af3 8,?is _w is z if x 7 a ve/ibule to ! future _w2 prep>e ?yself 9 ! ve/ibule1 t ?\ maye/ ent] ! reception room40 ,jesus is ! ,judge :o /&s at ! door ?r\gh :i* all mu/ pass4 ,! conception is es*atological & apocalyptic4 ,see ,mat!w #bd3cc3 8,"k ye t he is nigh1 ev5 at ! doors40 ,9 ,revelation #c3bj ,jesus is repres5t$ z say+3 8,behold1 ,i /& at ! door & knock40 ,let him 9 n[1 t y & he may sup toge!r4 ,let him 9 n[1 else y may /& be=e him h]eaft] z culprit & helpless & hopeless4 8,kiss ! son1 le/ he be angry1 & ye p]i% 9 ! way0 7,psalm #b3ab74 ,treat k9dly "o ano!r s t y w n ne$ ! ,son to act z ,judge betwe5 y4 ,examples ( ,pati5ce 7#e3aj f47 ,james1 l a practical prea*]1 loves to illu/rate 8 po9ts4 ,he has a fitt+ "o at h& 9 8! prophets :o spake 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l40 ,!y spoke 9 ! "n1 ) ! au?ority & ) ! p[] ( ! ,"l4 ,! idiom is common en\gh 9 ! ,septuag9t &1 inde$1 9 ! papyri4#ic ,!y spoke z ! repres5tatives ( ,jehovah4 ,mayor seems a bit p]plex$ ov] ! failure ( ,james to m5tion ,jesus z ! supreme example ( suff]+1 z is done by ,pet] 7#a ,pet] #b3ba71 :o spoke ( ,*ri/'s leav+ u an example1 by ,paul 7,phil4 #b3e-aa71 & by ! au?or ( ,hebrews 7#ab3a-e74 ,p]haps ,james may h ?\ght x 0 p>ticul>ly p]t95t = ^! ,jewi% ,*ri/ians to be rem9d$ ( ! prophets z an 8example ( suff]+ & ( pati5ce40 ,c]ta9ly !y endur$ evil 9 abundance & _h great ne$ ( long-suff]+4 ,x 0 common en\gh to appeal to !m = ?is purpose4 ,jesus did x ) ke5e/ irony at ! mock h]oic monum5ts built lat] to ! memory ( ! m>tyr$ prophets 7,matt4 #e3ab2 #bc3cd1 #cg74 ,/eph5 did x ) s %>p a tongue t ! ,sanh$r9 /on$ him to dea? = 8 c\rage & prov$ ! tru? ( 8 words by _! own acts 7,acts #g3eb74 ,elijah says to ,jehovah1 8,! *ildr5 ( ,israel h 444 sla9 ?y prophets ) ! sword0 7#a ,k+s #ai3aj1 #ad74 ,j]emiah says also1 8,y\r own sword ha? dev\r$ y\r prophets1 l a de/roy+ lion0 7#b3cj74 ,z patt]ns ( pati5ce take ,noah1 ,abraham1 ,jacob1 ,moses1 ,isaiah1 & ,j]emiah4 ,^! illu/rate 9 v>i\s ways ! pati5ce ( :i* ! read]s ( ! ,epi/le ( ,james /& 9 sore ne$4 8,behold1 we call !m bless$ t endur$40 ,he _h already done t 9 ,james #a3ab4 ,jesus _h promis$ salvation to ! "o :o endur$ to ! end 7,matt4 #bd3ac74 ,m5 usually felicitate ! survivors ( a cata/rophe4 ,(t5 !y become popul> h]oes4 ,9 p>ticul>1 8ye h he>d ( ! pati5ce ( ,job40 ,job 0 ! mo/ frequ5tly quot$ in/ance 9 ,old ,te/am5t times & is a p]fectly obvi\s "o = ,james4 ,& yet ,job did h passionate outbur/s ( indignation at ! gibes & sup]flu\s advice ( 8 torm5t+ fri5ds1 & ev5 ( 8 wife1 :5 ,god seem$ to h des]t$ him4 ,b x mu/ be rememb]$ t ,job did n curse ,god & die4 ,he wait$ = ,god to speak & make x all pla94 ,job h>dly exhibit$ long-suff]+1 b he cle>ly did %[ pati5ce4 ,he 0 n exactly meek1 b he reveal$ ! endurance ( a s5sitive man4 ,al?\gh ,job is ! mo/ fam\s in/ance ( pati5ce 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 yet he is n[h]e else cit$ z su* 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,we ne$ n discuss ! "q :e!r ,job is p>able or fact1 z ! po9t is "h precisely ! same4 ,ye 8h se5 ! end ( ! ,"l1 h[ t ! ,"l is full ( pity1 & m]ciful40 ,! outcome 9 ! case ( ,job proves ! po9t4 ,x turn$ out all "r ) ,job4 ,s he illu/rates ! pity & m]cy ( ! ,"l2 8! end ( ! ,"l0 is se5 9 ! conclusion1 l a novel t turns out happily at la/4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! /ress & /orm ( ,job's life & 8 viol5t outbur/s ( emotion & exalt$ feel+ ,god is sympa!tic & compassionate4 ,god has und]/ood ,job & wat*$ 8 endurance all ! :ile4 ,! /ory is s well kn[n t ,james does n h to tell x b c dep5d ^u 8 read]s to see ! po9t ( ! illu/ration4 ,pr(anity 7#e3ab7 ,?is little p>agraph seems to come 9 r abruptly1 ) no connection ) :at prec$es4 ,z a result1 ,oe/]ley reg>ds x z 8a fragm5t ( a l>g] piece0 :i* ,james "h te>s f its context1 p]haps a say+ f ,jesus4 ,b ,plumm] is m likely correct 9 ?9k+ ( x z an app5dix aft] r\nd+ out ! epi/le1 com+ back to ! bless$ness ( trial1 ) :i* topic ! epi/le op5s4 ,! exhortations ne$ n h a close connection ) ea* o!r4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ,james has spok5 m aga9/ ! s9s ( spee* ?an any o!r s+le s94 ,plumm] well says1 8,he has spok5 aga9/ talkativ5ess1 unre/ra9$ speak+1 love ( correct+ o!rs1 rail+1 curs+1 boa/+1 murmur+0 7see #a3ai1 #bf2 #c3a-ab2 #d3aa1 #ac2 #e3i74 ,he n[ recurs to ! s9s ( spee* to say a few words aga9/ "o ( ! commone/ evils ( :i* he has n spok5 specifically4 ,he evid5tly is ?9k+ ( ! words ( ,jesus z we h !m 9 ,mat!w #e3cd-cg1 ?\gh x is n an exact quotation4#id ,he may1 inde$1 z ,res* holds1 give ano!r v]sion ( ! same logion 7cf4 #b ,cor4 #a3ag74 ,b !re 0 ample gr\nd = ?is prohibition1 z ! ,jews _h le>n$ h[ to split hairs on ! subject ( pr(anity4 ,! ,?ird ,comm&m5t 0 pla9 en\gh on ! subject1 & x 0 support$ by ! ,ph>isees & ! ,ess5es4 ,! ,ess5es1 inde$1 oppos$ all oa?s1 ev5 be=e c\rts1 & 7 said to h be5 excus$ by ,h]od f tak+ ! oa? ( allegiance 7,jos41 ,ant4 xv4 #aj4d74 ,& yet1 z ,mayor notes1 ?is is n consi/5t ) ! oa? ( initiation :i* ! ,ess5es took 7,jos41 ,w> ii4 #h4g74 ,! ,jewi% view is well repres5t$ by ,sira* #bc3g-aa & by ,philo 7,m4 #b1 p4 #ahd74 ,! e>ly ,*ri/ians f\nd tr\ble ) ?is v]se ( ,james1 z ) ! words ( ,jesus on ! same po9t4 ,see ! li/ ( quotations f ! e>ly writ]s 9 ,mayor4 ,augu/9e sees no h>m 9 oa?s be=e c\rts if x 7 n = ! dang] ( committ+ p]jury4 ,& yet x may be s]i\sly que/ion$ if ,jesus or ,james is ?9k+ ( oa?s 9 c\rts ( ju/ice1 s9ce ,jesus himself did n refuse to answ] :5 put on oa? by ! high prie/ be=e ! ,sanh$r9 7,matt4 #bf3 #fc f474 ,besides1 solemn assev]ation is all[$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t 7,deut4 #f3ac2 #aj3bj2 ,isa4 #fe3af74 ,x is f> m likely ! flippant use ( oa?s 7pr(anity7 t is "h condemn$4 ,!re 71 & are /ill1 all sorts ( devices by :i* m or less pi\s p feel ju/ifi$ 9 call+ on ! "n ( ! ,"l 9 ord9>y spee*4 ,x is today "o ( ! sadde/ ?+s 9 life to note h[ common pr(anity is 9 ! ord9>y spee* ( m5 & ( boys1 manni% boys :o imitate ! m5 ab\t !m4 ,x is positively di%e>t5+ to he> x on ! /reets1 9 ! /reetc>s1 9 ! tra9s4 ,if "o is puzzl$1 z 0 ,augu/9e1 ov] ! words 8above all ?+s10 on ! gr\nd t pr(anity is n worse ?an adult]y & murd]1 we may take x ei!r z a k9d ( hyp]bole 7z did ,augu/9e7 or z a sort ( elative sup]lative 7n lit]ally be=e all b only v important71 z limit$ to ! =ms ( impati5ce 9 ! prec$+ context1 l #a ,pet] #d3h1 :]e ! same idiom occurs 7,mayor74 ,b if ! /rict int]pretation be insi/$ on1 "o has only to consid] :at ! s9 ( pr(anity really is4 ,x is a blasphem\s use ( ! "n ( ! ,mo/ ,high ,god4 ,! fact t x is usually done )\t ?9k+ mitigates ! (f5se1 b sometimes ! full bitt]ness ( pr(anity is meant4 ,few ?+s are worse ?an sulfur\s spee* l ! v fumes ( hell4 ,= my "p1 ,i %\ld n press ! words 8above all ?+s0 too f> 9 ?is context4 8,swe> n1 nei!r by ! heav51 nor by ! e>?1 nor by any o!r oa?40#ie ,c]ta9ly ?is is pla9 en\gh to be und]/ood4 ,x is conclusive & inclusive & leaves no room = ! mild] =ms ( pr(anity = :i* ,*ri/ians sometimes excuse !mselves4 8,b let y\r yea be yea2 & y\r nay1 nay20 8let y\r #8yes' be a pla9 #8yes1' y\r #8no' a pla9 #8no'0 7,m(fatt7--?is1 & no?+ m4 ,b !re is ! tr\ble4 ,! ne$ = emphasis & ! love ( /rong ass]tion lead a p]son s easily to g beyond ! b\nds ( good ta/e & dec5cy4 ,ed]%eim 7i4 p4 #ehc7 has a ,midra% quotation3 8,! good man's yea is yea1 & 8 nay nay40 ,9 calm] mom5ts "o kn[s t ! value ( 8 /atem5t re/s ess5tially on 8 own "* = v]acity4 ,8 m]e ^w is en\gh &1 9 tru?1 all t "o c (f]4 ,viol5t expletives ?r[ discr$it on a p]son's ord9>y /atem5ts & suspicion on ! "o t he seeks to bol/] up ) artificial means4 ,pr(anity is "o ( ! wor/ & mo/ useless ( s9s4 ,x br+s good to none & h>m to all1 9 p>ticul> to ! "o :o uses x4 8,t ye fall n "u judgm5t40 ,! ,judge is at ! door 7,james #e3i71 & !re is no escape4 ,wor%ip & ,excitem5t 7#e3ac7 ,plumm] has a v ke5 & p]t95t head+ = 8 *apt] on ?is v]se1 & x is notewor?y t he devotes an entire *apt] to ?is "o v]se1 a v]se t is little und]/ood by mo/ int]pret]s4 ,8 head+ is ?is3 8,wor%ip ! ,be/ ,outlet & ,rem$y = ,excitem5t4 ,! ,connection betwe5 ,wor%ip & ,conduct40 ,c]ta9ly oa?s are n ! way to express "o's emotions1 :e!r "o be angry or m]ely excit$1 lea/ ( all :5 "o has ! mis]able habit ( pr(anity & is unaw>e ( 8 f\l spee*4 ,& yet x is n wrong to express "o's feel+s4 ,!re is no m]it 9 ! self-repression ( ! cynic or ! /oic4 8,let ! expression ( /rongly excit$ feel+s be an act ( wor%ip0 7,plumm]74 ,?is is an int5sely practical po9t4 8,is any among y suff]+80 ,& :at *ur* or community does n h "o or m ( ^! occasional or *ronic suff]]s8 ,! ^w has a wid] mean+ ?an m]e bodily sickness4 ,paul uses x = suff]+ h>d%ip z a good soldi] 7#b ,tim4 #b3c1 #i2 #d3e74 ,x includes any k9d ( ill ( body or m9d4 ,x means1 lit]ally1 hav+ h>d exp]i5ces1 & x ref]s to natural depression z a result ( su* mis=tunes4 ,! rem$y is n 9 despond5cy or 9 suicide4 ,! rem$y lies 9 pray]4 8,let him pray10 let him pray z a habit 7pres5t t5se ( durative action74 ,pray] is a bless+ to ! he>t & to ! m5tal life4 ,x is good to talk ) ,god4 ,! worry disappe>s 9 ,god's pres5ce & (t5 ! v ill itself disappe>s4 ,b if x does n g1 he gives grace suffici5t to be> ! burd54 ,s !n pray] is ! prop] outlet = ! depress$ ,*ri/ian4 ,"h lies "o ( ! great bless+s ( public wor%ip 9 ! h\se ( ,god4 ,! tir$ s\l f9ds re/ 9 pray] 9 ! h\se ( pray]4 ,!re is com=t 9 secret pray] & 9 family wor%ip1 b ! man makes a trem5d\s psy*ological blund] :o cuts himself (f f ! spiritual tonic ( ! public wor%ip ( ,god4 ,^? 9 *>ge ( t wor%ip %\ld nev] fail to h 9 m9d su* p]sons :o come to *ur* seek+ com=t & /r5g?4 ,b "s he>ts are ov]joy$ & feel l giv+ expression to _! joy 9 unusual ways1 almo/ 9 ec/asy4 8,is any *e]ful80 ,!re are _m 9 happy mood1 9 good spirits or 8good *e]0 7cf4 ,acts #bg3bb1 #be74 ,^! are 9 good heal? ( s\l & p]haps also ( body4 8,let him s+ praise40 ,! ^w orig9ally meant to play on a /r+$ in/rum5t 7,sir4 #i3d71 b x comes to be us$ also = s++ ) ! voice & ! he>t 7,eph4 #e3ai2 #a ,cor4 #ad3ae71 mak+ melody ) ! he>t to ! ,"l4 ,!re is a wondr\s exaltation ( s\l 9 ! public praise ( ,god4 ,! comb9ation ( in/rum5ts & ( voice enables ! s\l ( man to p\r itself out t[>d ,god 9 ri*ness ( praise4 ,?is is f> bett] ?an ! reckless1 unre/ra9$ ec/asy ( ov]wr\ght emotionalism4 ,plumm] notes prop]ly t !re is no m]it or dem]it p] se 9 excitem5t4 ,! wild d]vi% comm&s only a/oni%m5t1 n sympa?y4 ,religi\s excitem5t may become ! occasion ( br++ discr$it ^u ,*ri/ianity1 ev5 :5 x repres5ts real f]vor & an elem5t ( wor%ip4 ,! _s ( man _c always be re/ra9$4 ,"u ! prea*+ ( ,wesley & ,:itefield ! audi5ces 7 sometimes c>ri$ to excesses ( emotion4 ,b f> bett] ?is ?an ! deadness & coldness ( m]e =malism4 ,revivals occasionally h be5 m>k$ by su* excesses1 l ! 8,j]ks0 9 ,k5tucky "o hundr$ & fifty ye>s ago :51 h[ev]1 real *ange ( life took place4 ,!re is wisdom 9 ! words ( ,james "h4 ,let ! religi\s emotions f9d expression 9 pray] & praise4 ,! effect is n only good = ! mom5t b is good = conduct & life z a :ole4 ,if we c\ld only manage someh[ to turn "s ( ! en]gy t goes into our activities into religi\s wor%ip1 c]ta9ly ! effect w\ld be m :olesome all ar\nd4 ,p _c help a measure ( excitem5t4 ,"s ( x is good = !m4 ,!re is tonic 9 communion ) ,god1 tonic = s\l & body4 ,god & ,m$ic9e 7#e3ad-ah7 ,few subjects h excit$ m int]e/ 9 rec5t ye>s ?an ! subject "h pres5t$4 ,s _m subsidi>y issues are rais$ t x is difficult to treat ! "q adequately 9 a few pages4 ,_m v>ieties ( 8fai? cures0 h be5 be=e ! _w4 ,! s-call$ ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce movem5t is n[ ! mo/ prom95t ( !m all1 comb9+ an ideali/ic philosophy & pan!i/ic religion4 ,?is comb9ation takes up v>i\s aspects ( ,buddhism1 ,gno/icism1 & a da% ( ,*ri/ian v]biage ) ! vital elem5ts ( ,*ri/ianity gone1 & uses "s ( ! well-kn[n ideas ( mod]n psy*ology z to ! influ5ce ( ! m9d on ! body4 ,z a :ole1 x is a hopeless jumble ( absurdities & inconsi/5cies & is ho/ile to ! wor%ip ( ,jesus4 ,x leads a/ray a c]ta9 type ( m9d )\t cle> reason+ processes & fatt5s on ! fees = m5tal heal+1 a portion ( :i* goes to ! "m *ur* 9 ,bo/on4 ,!re is only ! mo/ sup]ficial p>allel betwe5 :at ,james "h describes & :at ! ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce 8heal]0 practices4 ,!re is 9 ,james an abs5ce ( all m]c5>y ideas4 ,!re is no 8comm]cializ$ use ( pray]10 to use ! legal phrase ( "o ( ! ,new ,york c\rts4 ,!re is also ! use ( olive oil1 ! be/ m$ic9e kn[n to ! anci5t _w & /ill "o ( ! be/ rem$ial ag5cies1 :e!r us$ int]nally or ext]nally4 ,! disciples ( ,jesus on _! t\r ( ,galilee _h ! d\ble m9i/ry ( prea*+ & heal+ 7,matt4 #aj3g f471 & !y ano9t$ ! sick ) oil 7,m>k #f3ac74 ,9 ,isaiah #a3f ! prophet says t ! bruises 7 8nei!r b\nd up1 nei!r mollifi$ ) oil40 ,s ! good ,sam>itan b\nd up ! w\nds ( ! poor victim ( ! robb]s & p\r$ oil & w9e ^u him 7,luke #aj3cd74 ,a numb] ( que/ions come bri/l+ = discussion z we proce$ ) ?is passage 9 ,james4 ,! use ( ! ^w 8*ur*0 r ?an synagogue1 z 9 #b3b1 is to be obs]v$4 ,! local *ur* und\bt$ly _h a close k9%ip to ! ,jewi% synagogue 9 orig9 & wor%ip4 ,! v phrase 8eld]s ( ! *ur*0 occurs also 9 ,acts #bj3ag & 9 ! plural1 l bi%ops at ,philippi 7,phil4 #a3a74 ,!re 0 a c\ncil ( eld]s 9 ! synagogue 7,luke #g3c71 & ! ^w appe>s 9 an (ficial s5se 9 ! ,egyptian papyri4#if ,b a m vital "q = our subject is :e!r ^! eld]s come 9 an (ficial capacity to p]=m an ecclesia/ical 8ano9t+0 ) oil or :e!r !y come to pray z bro!rs 9 ,*ri/ & rub ) ! olive oil 7cf4 ,isa4 #a3f7 z m$ic9e4 ,mayor quotes ,philo 7,sonm1 ,m4 i4 #fff71 ,pl9y 7,n4 ,h4 xxiii4 #cd-ej71 & ,gal5 7,m$4 ,temp41 book ii7 9 praise ( oil z a m$ic9e4 ,9 ,h]od's la/ illness a ba? ( oil 0 recomm5d$ to him 7,jos41 ,w> i4 #cc1 #e74 ,!re is1 !re=e1 no d\bt z to ! anci5t op9ion ab\t1 & use (1 oil z a m$ic9e4 ,x is probable t ea* "o w decide ?is "q accord+ to 8 pr$ilections4 ,= my own "p1 ,i incl9e to ! view t we h "h n a sacram5tal or prie/ly function on ! "p ( ^! eld]s b ! d\ble duty ( m9i/ry ( ! ^w & ( m$ic9e 7) pray]74 ,! ne>e/ p>allel 9 mod]n life is ! m$ical mission>y1 :o goes ) ! ^w ( life & ! heal+ balm ( mod]n sci5ce4 ,he heals ! sick ) ! physician's skill & ! pray] ( fai?4 ,paul help$ ! sick 7,acts #bj3ce7 at ,ephesus & (t5 heal$ ! sick1 & yet he work$ side by side ) ,luke1 ! belov$ physician1 z 9 ! isl& ( ,melita 7,acts #bh3h f474 ,!re is c]ta9ly no indication t :at is call$ 8extreme unction0 0 practic$ or urg$ by ,james & ! apo/olic ,*ri/ians4 ,t 0 a lat] developm5t 9 ,greek & ,roman ,ca?olic *ur*es t is =eign to ! tone ( ?is epi/le4 ,!re is "h no su* sup]/ition z s5d+ = a m9i/] :5 dea? is at h& to p]=m a magical ritual c]emony to /ave (f dea?4 ,mayor has a full /atem5t ( ! *ief facts ab\t ! sacram5t ( unction 9 lat] c5turies4 ,he sugge/s t ! cases ( ! failure ( ! simple use ( oil z a m$ic9e probably l$ f9ally to ! special consecration ( ! oil or ! use ( relics4 ,b 9 ,james we seem to h n a c]emony or ecclesia/ical function b r ! simple use ( oil z a m$ic9e & pray] 89 ! "n ( ! ,"l40 ,today we h a m advanc$ m$ical sci5ce :i* is1 h[ev]1 by no means f9al & infallible4 ,we sep>ate ! functions ( ! m9i/] & ! physician4 ,we pref] ! doctor to ! oil1 b we /ill ne$ ,god ) ! doctor4 ,x is a great error = "o to ?9k t ,god is n to be call$ ^u because we h a skill$ physician4 ,! m9i/] /ill has a place1 & a v important place1 9 ! problem ( !rapeutics1 p>ticul>ly 9 ^? _m cases ( a m or less n]v\s type :5 ! influ5ce ( ! m9d on ! body is v pron\nc$4 ,(t5 9 ! mo/ sev]e illness ! decid+ factor is n m$ic9e b hope1 z any doctor w say4 ,! m9i/] %\ld make fri5ds ) ! physician & be at 8 s]vice & co-op]ate ) him4 ,! m9i/] ne$s to be c>eful to be a help & n a h9drance 9 cases ( sickness4 ,he %\ld be a s$ative & an inspiration to ! pati5t1 n an irritant or an excitant4 ,x is a j gr\nd ( compla9t t physicians h aga9/ ^? prea*]s :o l5d !mselves to ! s*emes ( quack doctors ) pat5t m$ic9es = all sorts ( ills4 ,b com+ back to ! use ( pray]1 ,james says1 8,& ! pray] ( fai? %all save him t is sick1 & ! ,"l %all raise him up40 ,! cr$it is "h giv5 to pray] & ! p[] ( ,god4 ,"o is n to inf] t ,james gives no cr$it to m$ic9e4 ,! oil 0 good2 ,god works ?r\gh m$ic9e & )\t m$ic9e4 ,! be/ t we /ill "k on ?is subject is ?is3 pray] & m$ic9e1 or ,god & ! doctor4 ,! promise ( ,james may be comp>$ ) ^? ( ,jesus 9 ,m>k #aa3bd & ,john #ad3ad4 ,b ! v ess5ce ( pray] is acquiesc5ce ) u4 ,by 8save0 "h ,james means 8cure10 z x (t5 does 9 ! ,gospels 7,m>k #e3bc2 #f3ef2 #h3ce74 ,! pray] ( fai? is ! only k9d t is real pray]1 & x is tru/ 9 ,god ) full ackn[l$gm5t ( ,god's p[] & love4 ,"s m5 h always _h ! idea ( a ,god s alo( f ! _w t he c>es no?+ ab\t x or is p[]less to help4 ,!re is no?+ 9 mod]n sci5tific k inconsi/5t ) an imman5t1 yet transc5d5t1 ,god :o holds ! key ( life 9 himself4 ,! wondr\s laws ( nature are all ( ,god1 & !re are _m m t we d n yet und]/&4 ,sci5ce has va/ly increas$ our s5se ( wond] ab\t ,god & 8 _w4 ,we h only skirt$ ! fr+es ( k4 ,x is idle to say t ,god1 if he really s5t 8 ,son to r$eem m5 f s9 & all e>?ly woe1 does n c>e if we suff] 9 body & m9d4 ,! ,fa!r's h& re/s ^u u all4 ,he c be rea*$4 ,he is n f> f any ( u1 & he loves u4 8,& if he h committ$ s9s1 x %all be =giv5 him10 n by be+ heal$ 9 body nor because he is heal$ ( 8 sickness4 ,! two ?+s d n correspond1 nor does "o foll[ because ( ! o!r4 ,:at ,james means1 und\bt$ly1 is t ! cur$ man1 convict$ ( 8 s9s & out ( gratitude to ,god = 8 goodness1 rep5ts ( 8 s9s & is =giv54 ,?is is :at %\ld always happ5 9 su* cases1 b (t5 x occurs t m5 :o pr(ess rep5tance on a b$ ( sickness =get x :5 !y get up4 ,?is is %e] +ratitude & a horrible outcome4 ,b c]ta9ly if ! sick man is a s9n]1 he %\ld be pray$ =4 ,x is ! "t ( opportunity to get him to li/5 to ! voice ( ,god4 ,no undue advantage ne$ be tak5 ( "o's situation1 & yet x is wise to speak pla9ly !n4 ,sickness is a great level] & br+s u all d[n4 ,beyond any d\bt1 ,roman ,ca?olics h made good use ( _! asylums & hospitals4 ,o!r d5om9ations are beg9n+ to take a real int]e/ 9 ?is aspect ( ,*ri/ian activity4 ,9 ! h\r ( sickness x is a great m]cy to fall into ! h&s ( ^? :o love ,god & :]e ! love ( ,jesus is m+l$ ) ! highe/ m$ical sci5ce4 ,dur+ sickness is a good "t to confess our s9s to "o ano!r z well z to ,god4 8,confess !re=e y\r s9s "o to ano!r40 ,cle>ly if ! sick man1 consci\s n[ ( 8 own weakness1 is n will+ to confess 8 s9s aga9/ o!rs1 ,god w n =give him4 ,z ,mayor po9ts out1 ,james exp&s ! words ( ,jesus ab\t =giv+ ^? :o h trespass$ aga9/ u 7,matt4 #e3bc f42 #f3ad71 s z to br+ out bo? sides ( ! subject4 ,let ! sick man ask =giv5ess ( ^? :om he has wrong$4 ,!n let !m =give him & pray = him4 8,pray "o = ano!r40 ,! ,roman ,ca?olics--,bell>m9e1 = in/ance--sometimes appeal to ?is passage z a ju/ification = auricul> confession to ! prie/2 b ,lu!r has a po9t$ answ]3 8,a /range confessor4 ,8 "n is #8,"o ,ano!r4'0 ,cajetan 8speaks ! language ( common s5se0 7,mayor7 & admits t ,james has no su* cu/om 9 m9d4 ,:at ,james urges is public confession1 9 p>ticul> to ^? wrong$1 n private & secret confession to a prie/4 ,! ,roman ,ca?olic confessional is "o ( ! mo/ dang]\s ( ecclesia/ical in/itutions4 ,x puts untold p[] = h>m into ! h&s ( ! prie/4 ,x is difficult to conceive h[ a husb& or fa!r c\ld be will+ = wife or daught] to make secret confession to a prie/4 ,! abuses ( ! confessional make a horrible *apt] 9 human hi/ory4 ,n m]ely are ?+s wrung out t %\ld n be told1 b evil is sugge/$ t w\ld nev] be ?\ght (4 ,! orig9al =m ( absolution 0 8precatory r ?an decl>atory0 7,plumm]74 ,b x is a great good to ! s\l to op5 ! he>t & make a frank confession to ! *ur* or to ! p]sons :o h be5 injur$4 ,great sorr[ w\ld be avoid$ if m5 w\ld only h ! manhood to d ?is ?+4 ,t]tullian 7,on ,p5ance viii7 well says1 8,confession ( s9s light5s z mu* z concealm5t aggravates !m40 ,confession ( s9 0 "o ( ! c>d9al t5ets 9 ! prea*+ ( ,john ! ,bapti/4 ,! ,romani/s dem&$ p5ance = s9s publicly confess$1 & private enmity 7,plumm]7 took advantage ( x = purposes ( rev5ge4 ,!n x is a good "t to pray 8t ye may be heal$40 ,!n ! p[] ( ,god is ) m5 to heal bo? s\l & body4 ,_m a revival has />t$ 9 a *ur* because ^? :o h be5 e/rang$ h buri$ ! hat*et & se5 eye to eye aga94 ,!re is p[] 9 pray] :5 ! s\l is op5 to ,god1 z c be true only :5 hate disappe>s f ! he>t4 8,! supplication ( a righte\s man availe? mu* 9 its work+10 8! pray]s ( ! righte\s h a p[]ful effect0 7,m(fatt74 ,?is %ort s5t5ce is cle>] 9 ! ,greek ?an 9 any ( ! ,engli% r5d]+s4 ,plumm] sugge/s1 8,great is ! /r5g? ( a righte\s man's supplication1 9 its e>ne/ness40 ,! ^w = 8supplication0 is m specific ?an ! usual t]m & sugge/s a s5se ( ne$4 ,b ! crucial ^w is ! p>ticiple1 :i* may be ei!r middle or passive4#ig ,our ^w 8en]getic0 is d]iv$ f ! v]bal adjective4 ,! notion ( en]gy is pres5t1 at any rate4 ,! great ^w 9 mod]n sci5ce is ?is v ^w 8en]gy10 :i* is made lum9\s by electricity & radium4 ,! only pray] wor?:ile is "o ) en]gy 9 x1 :e!r inwr\ght 7tak+ ! p>ticiple z passive7 by ! ,_s ( ,god or at "w 7middle voice7 ?r\gh ! spiritual passion ( ! man's own s\l4 ,su* a pray] has mu* =ce 9 x & is n a m]e c]emony or rattle ( mean+less words4 ,! emphasis on 8a righte\s man0 "h does n mean t ,god w n he> ! cry ( a s9n] = m]cy b probably t a righte\s man is m likely to put ! prop] en]gy into 8 pray]4 ,we may reflect sadly t our pray]s (t5 h no p[] ) ,god because !y h no en]gy :5 said4 ,!re is no p[] 9 ! dynamo2 ! eng9e has gone dead2 ! /eam is n high en\gh to move ! driv+ :eel4 ,oe/]ley quotes aptly ! words ( ,rabbi ,b5 ,zakkai 9 ,b]a*o?1 #cd;b1 :5 pray]s = a sick *ild are desir$3 8,al?\gh ,i am great] 9 le>n+ ?an ,*an9ah1 he is m efficaci\s 9 pray]2 ,i am inde$ ! ,pr9ce1 b he is ! ,/ew>d :o has con/ant access to ! ,k+40 ,!y h x because !y live close to ,god4 ,) a great price !y h won ?is high pr]ogative4 ,(ttimes !y are ! humble/ ( m5 9 e>?ly /ation & /ore4 ,v me*anical1 surely1 is ! idea ( ,rabbi ,isaac 7,jebamo?1 #fd;a71 :o says3 8,! pray] ( ! righte\s is comp>able to a pit*=k2 z ! pit*=k *anges ! position ( ! :eat s ! pray] *anges ! disposition ( ,god f wra? to m]cy40 ,james has a typical case to illu/rate 8 po9t4 8,elijah 0 a man ( l passions ) u10 8) a nature j l our own0 7,m(fatt74 ,james emphasizes ! human frailties ( ,elijah to %[ t he does n ref] to c]emonial or sacram5tal rites :5 he urges pray] = ! sick4 ,su* pray] is ! privilege n m]ely ( ! eld]s ( ! *ur* b ( any good man :o has ! e> ( ,god4 ,t p[] is n a function ( ecclesia/ical position b ! rew>d ( holy liv+ & tru/ 9 ,god4 ,elijah _h 8 weaknesses z we all h1 b ,god he>d him4 ,! po9t = u is t if ,god he>d ,elijah1 he w he> any ( u :o puts ! same am\nt ( spiritual en]gy into 8 pray]4 8,he pray$ f]v5tly40 ,!re is no use to pray 9 any o!r way4 ,elijah pray$ sev5 times be=e ! ra9 came4 ,halfhe>t$ pray] defeats itself 7cf4 d\bt+ pray] 9 #a3f ff474 ,_m mod]n m5 h no fai? 9 pray] ( any k9d save z a :olesome reaction on ! m9d ( ! "o :o prays4 ,!y sc\t ! idea t ! ,god ( ! univ]se w\ld condesc5d to li/5 to ! feeble *att] ( su* worms 9 ! du/ z m54 ,!y conceive x z impossible t ,god w\ld alt] 8 w 9 any p>ticul> because ( su* insignificant reque/s4 ,lea/ ( all d !y admit ! possibility t ,god w\ld *ange ! wea!r 9 response to ! pray] ( "o or _m individuals4 ,!y argue t ! laws ( ! wea!r are fix$ by ! laws ( nature & t ,god does n alt] 8 own laws4 ,a v pretty network ( impossibilities is fix$ up1 b all ! same1 ! exp]i5ce ( ,*ri/ians breaks "r ?r\gh ^! entanglem5ts4 ,a real ,god is great] ?an 8 own laws1 & 8 own w is ! *ief law ( 8 nature4 ,god is n an abs5tee ,god2 he is our ,fa!r & loves = u to tell him our tr\bles4 ,c]ta9ly ,god kn[s h[ to "w 8 own laws4 ,we d n h to ?9k t ,elijah _h ! matt] ( dr\ght & ra9 9 8 own h&s at 8 beck & call4 ,f> f x4 ,elijah won by /r5u\s pray] & p]sev]ance1 n by lightly in=m+ ,god ( 8 wi%es4 ,besides1 :5 ra9 came 9 response to ! pray] ( ,elijah1 x came out ( cl\ds1 z ra9 always does4 ,god made ! cl\ds ga!r f ! we/ 7! ,m$it]ranean7 till ! ra9 came4 ,z ! hot w9ds f ! ea/ & ! s\? br\ght ! dr\ght1 s ! we/ w9ds br\ght ra94 ,_m times 9 my own exp]i5ce ,i h kn[n p to pray = ra91 & ! ra9 came4 ,! ra9 may n h come 9 response to ! pray]2 t ,i d n "k4 ,b x came ! v night 9 :i* pray] 0 made = x at ! pray] meet+4 ,! difficulty 9 ! matt] ( ra9 is no great] ?an 9 cases ( sickness4 ,! root ( ! tr\ble is ! lack ( tru/ 9 ,god1 ! brok5 relation ) ,god1 ! loss ( p[] ) him4 ,rescue ,"w or ,re/or+ ! ,err+ 7#e3ai f47 ,james makes a la/ appeal to 8 read]s1 & x has a t\* ( t5d]ness--8,my bre?r540 ,9 v]se #e he spoke ( ! case ( a sick man :o is br\ght to confess 8 s9s & is l$ to ,god4 ,"h he seems to ref] specifically to ! case ( a bro!r :o has fall5 into error4 ,!re are su* sad in/ances t puzzle _m a pa/or by _! indiff]5ce1 h>dness1 & ev5 scorn ( ,*ri/4 8,if any among y err f ! tru?1 & "o conv]t him40 ,! condition 7?ird class7 is put delicately only z a suppos$ case1 n assum$ z true & yet probable1 alas4 8,err0 is f ! ,lat9 err>e 7to w&]1 to g a/ray74 ,! ,greek ^w "h sugge/s ! picture ( "o :o is lo/ 9 ! m\nta9s1 :o has miss$ 8 pa?1#ih )\t pass+ on ! "q ( 8 own "p 9 ! process4 ,t is n[ nei!r "h nor !re1 = he is lo/4 ,our 8planet0 is ?is ^w1 f ! notion t ^! lum9>ies 7 w&]+ />s1 n fix$ l ! re/4 ,we n[ "k t none ( ! />s are fix$1 b !y all move ) great spe$4 ,:atev] ! cause1 x is n impossible = bre?r5 to g a/ray 8f ! tru?40 ,"o way to treat !m is to kick !m out ( ! way1 d[n ! hill4 ,ano!r way is to g aft] !m ) hamm] & tongs to beat !m back into ! pa?4 ,ano!r c\rse is to give !m up 9 disgu/ & to wa% our h&s ( all responsibility4 ,x mu/ be confess$ t (t5 x is v h>d to d any?+ else1 s9ce bre?r5 act ) s mu* indep5d5ce & res5t any ef=t to %[ !m a bett] way4 ,:5 !y />t away1 (t5 !y g ! :ole way4 ,b !re is a m excell5t way--! way ( love4 ,see #a ,cor9?ians #ac & ,galatians #f3a ff4 ,we are our bro!rs' keep]s 9 spite ( all !y say & all t we may feel4 ,y t are spiritual h a call to m9d ! brok5 lives all ab\t y4 ,!re is no nobl] "w ?an ?is rescue "w1 to turn a s9n] 8f ! error ( 8 way40 ,x is s h>d to get a man back on ! "r track4 ,he1 l all lo/ m51 w&]s r\nd & r\nd 9 8 old tracks ( s9 & error4 ,he is ! victim ( 8 own logical fallacies & s9ful delusions4 ,?\gh a giant1 he is b\nd by ! cords ( ! ,lilliputians1 ! bonds ( habit :i* he does n break4 ,x is en\gh to disc\rage any social work] 9 ! slums or 9 ! t5em5t di/ricts ( our cities to see ! hopeless conditions 9 :i* ! victims live4 ,drugs h fa/5$ "s ) clamps ( /eel2 dr9k has fir$ ! blood ( o!rs2 cig>ettes h dead5$ ! w ( o!rs2 & immorality has hurl$ /ill o!rs into ! pit4 ,!y /umble into ! rescue halls1 8cities ( refuge0 9 our cities4 ,happy are ^? :o "k h[ to save s\ls l ^! :o h kn[n bett] days & :o h gone d[n into ! valley ( s9 & sorr[4 ,b x is wor?:ile to save s\ls l ^! = :om ,jesus di$4 ,let ! rescue work] "k 7by p]sonal exp]i5ce1 9 tru?7 t he 8%all save a s\l f dea?10 f a liv+ dea? 9 :i* su* a s\l already f9ds itself & f et]nal dea? z well4 ,t is ! rew>d ( ! w9n] ( s\ls4 ,b x is n alone ^? :o g d[n into ! dep?s ( gross s91 ! 8pick-me-ups0 ( life1 t are to be won back4 ,!re are _m :o live 9 accord ) ! outw>d e?ical /&>ds ( life :o turn away f ! k ( ,jesus1 :o g aft] ! /range gods ( gold1 ( s-call$ k1 ( mat]iali/ic monism1 ( 8new ?\ght10 ( ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce1 ( ,russellism1 ( any new fad 9 sci5ce or philosophy or religion1 ( any new =m ( old wives' fables t lead m5 a/ray4 ,^! are1 9 reality1 m difficult to w9 back to ! tru? z x is 9 ,jesus1 = !y h ! pride ( k & look ) compassionate condesc5sion on ^? :o /ill wor%ip ,jesus z ,god & ,savi\r f s94 ,! work] = s\ls has "o m joy4 ,he le>ns to see ! good side ( human nature4 ,! bad side is !re beyond a %ad[ ( d\bt4 ,no man kn[s t bett] ?an ! work] = ! r$emption ( human s\ls4 ,b ?is fact does n make him a pessimi/ or a cynic4 ,he sees ! angel 9 ! /one4 ,he le>ns ! love t 8%all cov] a multitude ( s9s10 8hides a ho/ ( s9s0 7,m(fatt71 t cov]s ) a veil ! s9s ( ! poor s\l :o w&]$ away & is n[ br\ght back4 ,see #a ,pet] #d3h = ! same idea4 ,?is is n ! ,jewi% doctr9e ( m]it 9 good works balanc+ evil ones1 z ,oe/]ley holds4 ,mayor also ?9ks t ! man :o rescues ano!r saves 8 own s\l4 ,b ?is int]pretation seems out ( h>mony ) ! tea*+ ( ,jesus & ! :ole tr5d ( ! gospel message4 ,we d n ne$ to g back to ^! 8bl9d guides0 ( ,ph>isaism to f9d ! key to ?is v]se & t 9 #a ,pet] #d3h1 :]e we read t 8love cov]s a multitude ( s9s40 ,x is ! love t no long] sees ! s9s ( ! sav$ s9n]4 ,we see ! true idea 9 ,prov]bs #aj3ab3 8,hatr$ /irre? up /rifes1 b love cov]e? all transgressions40 ,see also ,psalm #he3b3 8,?\ ha/ =giv5 ! iniquity ( ?y p2 ?\ ha/ cov]$ all _! s940 ,9 ,luke #g3dg ,jesus speaks ( ! love ( ! conv]t$ woman z pro( t %e has be5 =giv5 mu*4 ,james pres5ts ! joy ( ! w9n] ( s\ls :o ?r[s ! mantle ( love ov] ! s9s ( ! rep5tant s9n]1 ! joy ( ! ,%eph]d :o has f\nd ! lo/ %eep out on ! m\nta9 & is return+ ) him 9 8 arms1 ! joy ( ! ,fa!r :o welcomes ! prodigal boy home ) ! be/ robe & ! fatt$ calf1 ! joy 9 ! pres5ce ( ! angels t "o s9n] has rep5t$ & turn$ unto ,god4 ,t is heav5 on e>?4 ,! prea*] :o has miss$ ?is joy ( w9n+ s\ls has miss$ ! greate/ rew>d 9 8 m9i/ry4 ,if he has ?is1 he c d )\t mu* else4 ,he c /& _m rebuffs1 small sal>y1 lack ( help1 if only !re is ?is meat to eat t satisfi$ ! s\l ( ,jesus :5 he l$ "o poor ab&on$ woman into ! light & life ( ,god4 ,select ,bibliography ,dibelius1 ,m41 & ,greev51 ,h4 8,d] ,brief des ,jakobus10 ,mey] ,komm5t>4 #aief4 ,ea/on1 ,b4 ,s41 & ,poteat1 ,g4 8,james10 ,! ,int]pret]'s ,bible4 #aieg4 ,hauck1 ,f4 8,die ,kir*5briefe40 ,n4 ,t4 ,deuts*4 #aidi4 ,hort1 ,f4 ,j4 ,a4 ,! ,epi/le ( ,/4 ,james #a3a to #d3g4 #aiji4 ,kn[l+1 ,r4 ,j4 8,comm5t>y on ! ,epi/le ( ,/4 ,james10 ,! ,we/m9/] ,s]ies4 #aijd4 ,l5ski1 ,r4 ,c4 ,h4 ,! ,int]pretation ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews & ( ! ,epi/le ( ,james4 #aidf4 ,m>ty1 ,j4 ,l'epitre de ,jacques4 #aice4 ,mayor1 ,j4 ,b4 ,! ,epi/le ( ,/4 ,james4 #aiaj4 ,m(fatt1 ,j4 ,! ,g5]al ,epi/les4 #aibh4 ,oe/]ley1 ,w4 8,! ,g5]al ,epi/le ( ,james10 ,expositor's ,greek ,te/am5t4 #aiaj4 ,patrick1 ,w4 ,james1 ! ,"l's ,bro!r4 #aijf4 ,plumm]1 ,a4 8,! ,g5]al ,epi/le ( ,/4 ,james10 ,expositor's ,bible4 #ahia4 ,ropes1 ,j4 ,h4 8,a ,critical & ,exegetical ,comm5t>y on ! ,epi/le ( ,/4 ,james10 ,! ,int]national ,critical ,comm5t>y4 #aiaf4 ,ross1 ,a4 8,james & ! ,johann9e ,epi/les10 ,new ,int]national ,comm5t>y4 #aied4 ,s*latt]1 ,a4 ,d] ,brief des ,jakobus4 #aicb4 ,task]1 ,r4 ,v4 ,g4 8,! ,g5]al ,epi/le ( ,james10 ,tyndale ,new ,te/am5t ,comm5t>ies4 #aieg4 ,w9dis*1 ,h41 & ,preisk]1 ,h4 8,die ,ka?olis*5 ,briefe10 ,h&bu* zum ,n4 ,t4 #aiea4 ,footnotes #a,our 8,james0 comes ?r\gh ! ,italian 8,giacomo40 ,! "n is common en\gh 9 ! fir/ c5tury ,a4,d4 #b;,= c>eful discussion ( ! au!nticity ( ! epi/le1 see ,j4 ,b4 ,mayor1 ,! ,epi/le ( ,/4 ,james 7,new ,york3 ,macmillan & ,co41 #aiaj71 pp4 xlvii-lxvii2 ,alfr$ ,plumm]1 8,! ,g5]al ,epi/les ( ,/4 ,james & ,/4 ,jude10 ,! ,expositor's ,bible1 ed4 ,w4 ,rob]tson ,nicoll 7,new ,york3 ,hodd] ,/r\ghton1 #ahia71 pp4 #ac-bd4 #c,see ,mayor1 ibid41 p4 iv4 #d;,b>nabas is also call$ an apo/le 9 ,acts #ad3d1 #ad4 #e,william ,patrick1 ,james1 ! ,"l's ,bro!r 7,new ,york3 ,*>les ,scribn]'s ,sons1 #aijf71 p4 #bc4 #f;,ibid41 p4 #be4 #g;,g4 ,a4 ,deissmann1 ,light f ! ,anci5t ,ea/1 trans4 ,l4 ,r4 ,m4 ,/ra*an 7,new ,york3 ,macmillan & ,co41 #aiac71 p4 #bdb4 #h;,george ,milligan1 ,new ,te/am5t ,docum5ts1 ,_! ,orig9 & ,e>ly ,hi/ory 7,new ,york3 ,george ,h4 ,doran ,co41 #aiaj71 p4 #aaa4 #i,mayor1 op4 cit41 pp4 ccv-ccxiii4 #aj,milligan1 loc4 cit4 #aa,mayor1 op4 cit41 p4 cxcii4 #ab;,a4 ,t4 ,rob]tson1 ,a ,gramm> ( ! ,greek ,new ,te/am5t 9 ! ,light ( ,hi/orical ,rese>* 7,new ,york3 ,george ,h4 ,doran ,co41 #aiae71 p4 #abc4 #ac;,*>les ,taylor1 ,say+ ( ! ,jewi% ,fa!rs 7,new ,york3 ,g4 ,p4 ,putnam's ,sons1 #ahih71 ,app5dix #ig4 #ad,patrick1 op4 cit41 p4 #df4 #ae,! t5se expresses a long-/&+ attitude4 #af,patrick1 op4 cit41 p4 #fj4 #ag,! same v]b occurs "h z 9 ! o!r appe>ances ( ,jesus4 #ah;,j4 ,a4 ,broadus 7comp471 ,h>mony ( ! ,gospels 7,new ,york3 ,a4 ,c4 ,arm/rong ,son1 #ahic71 p4 #bbi4 #ai,patrick1 op4 cit41 p4 #fg4 #bj,r4 ,w4 ,dale1 ,! ,epi/le ( ,james & ,o!r ,disc\rses 7,new ,york3 ,hodd] ,/r\ghton1 #ahie71 p4 #e4 #ba,op4 cit41 p4 xxxvii4 #bb;,james ,orr1 ,! ,resurrection ( ,jesus 7,new ,york3 ,george ,h4 ,doran ,co41 #aijh72 ,?orburn1 ,! ,resurrection ,n>ratives & ,mod]n ,criticism4 #bc,patrick1 op4 cit41 p4 #gh4 #bd,/4 ,paul1 i41 p4 #bcc4 #be,see 8 comm5t>y on ,james & 8 article on ! epi/le 9 ,james ,ha/+s1 ,a ,diction>y ( ! ,bible 7,new ,york3 ,*>les ,scribn]'s ,sons1 #ahii71 ,,ii1 #edj-dh4 #bf,plumm]1 op4 cit41 pp4 #fa f42 ,patrick1 op4 cit41 *ap4 ,v4 #bg;,cf4 ,maurice ,jones1 ,! ,new ,te/am5t 9 ! ,tw5tie? ,c5tury 7,new ,york3 ,macmillan & ,co41 #aiad71 p4 #cba4 #bh;,= a full] pres5tation ( ! matt] f ! /&po9t ( ,paul1 see my ,epo*s 9 ! ,life ( ,paul 7,new ,york3 ,*>les ,scribn]'s ,sons1 #aiad71 *apt] ,,vii4 ,i id5tify ! visit to ,j]usalem 9 ,galatians #b3a-aj & ,acts #ae1 9 spite ( ! argum5ts ( ,sir ,w4 ,m4 ,ramsay to ! contr>y4 #bi;,cf4 ,j4 ,b4 ,lightfoot1 ,sa9t ,paul's ,epi/le to ! ,galatians 7,new ,york3 ,macmillan & ,co41 #aiac74 #cj;,a h9t t !y _h n always se5 x ?is way4 #ca,op4 cit41 p4 #ahh4 #cb;,ibid41 p4 #aia4 #cc;,f4 ,j4 ,a4 ,hort1 ,judai/ic ,*ri/ianity 7,new ,york3 ,macmillan & ,co41 n4d471 p4 #ha4 #cd;,ibid41 p4 #ajf4 #ce,?is 8in=m+0 0 done by ! ,judaiz]s1 :o d9n$ x into ! e>s ( ! p4 #cf;,hypotyp4 vii4 apud ,eusebius ,h4 ,e41 ,,ii4 l4 #c4 #cg;,also pres]v$ 9 ,eusebius ,h4 ,e41 ,,ii4 xxiii4 #d-ah4 #ch;,ant4 xx4 ix4 #a4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t ,pr(4 ,f4 ,c4 ,burkitt1 ( ,cambridge ,univ]sity1 has boldly *ampion$ ! g5u95ess ( ,josephus' te/imony to ,jesus4 #ci,! ,expositor1 ,,vii4 iv4 p4 #de ff4 #dj,op4 cit41 p4 #aab4 #da;,a ,new ,translation ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,besides1 9 #c3i ,james speaks ( 8! ,"l & ,fa!r0 7,god74 #db,plumm]1 op4 cit41 p4 #dg4 #dc;,e9l4 i4 #e1 #f4 #dd,plumm]1 op4 cit41 p4 #df4 #de,op4 cit41 p4 #caf4 #df,op4 cit41 p4 #bih4 #dg,w4 ,e4 ,oe/]ley1 8,! ,g5]al ,epi/le ( ,james10 ,! ,expositor's ,greek ,te/am5t1 ed4 ,w4 ,rob]tson ,nicoll 7,gr& ,rapids3 ,wm4 ,b4 ,e]dmans ,publi%+ ,company1 n4d471 ,,iv1 #fc4 #dh,plumm]1 op4 cit41 p4 #fc4 #di,lectures on ! ,epi/le ( ,james1 p4 #gc4 #ej,see ,plumm]1 op4 cit41 pp4 #gb f41 = pro(4 #ea,! late ,j4 ,pi]pont ,morgan te/ifi$ be=e a committee ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,s5ate t he loan$ money prim>ily on "*1 n f9ancial ability4 #eb,op4 cit41 p4 #hh4 #ec,!re is ! utmo/ contra/ betwe5 ?is use ( 8humble0 & t 9 ,epictetus1 ) :om humility is an object ( scorn & contempt1 a meanness unwor?y ( man4 ,see bk4 ,,iii1 *ap41 ii1 #ad4 ,cf4 ,%>p1 ,epictetus & ! ,new ,te/am5t1 pp4 #acj1 #acc4 #ed;,cf4 ,deissmann1 op4 cit41 p4 #cib2 ,/4 ,paul3 ,a ,/udy 9 ,social & ,religi\s ,hi/ory1 trans4 by ,lionel ,r4 ,m4 ,/ra*an 7,new ,york3 ,george ,h4 ,doran ,co41 #aiab71 p4 #dg4 #ee;,acta ,philippi1 ,apocal4 ,apocr4 ,cf4 ,res*1 ,agrapha1 #ahhi1 p4 #bed4 #ef;,cf4 ,mayor1 op4 cit41 p4 #ed f4 ,! devil tri$ to tempt ev5 ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ,god4 #eg;,b5gel puts x ?us3 ,peccatum morte gravidum nascitur4 ,! ,t>gum ( ,jona?an says t imag9ation ( s9 is s9ful4 #eh8,wages0 means lit]ally ! rations ( a soldi]4 ,! pay ( s9 is dea?1 & x is always paid4 #ei8;,good0 is "h us$ 9 ! s5se ( absolute1 n relative goodness4 #fj;,b see ,rob]tson1 ,gramm> ( ! ,greek ,new ,te/am5t 9 ! ,light ( ,hi/orical ,rese>*1 op4 cit41 p4 #abjj4 #fa;,b5gel says3 voluntate amantissima1 lib]rima1 purissima1 foecundissima4 #fb,! inscriptions 7,ditt41 ,syll41 #ehgbfh7 use ! ^w = ! fir/ fruits to ,demet] & ,kore1 b ,james ,hope ,m\lton & ,george ,milligan1 ,vocabul>y ( ! ,greek ,te/am5t 7,new ,york3 ,george ,h4 ,doran ,co41 #aiae71 p4 #ed1 give _m examples f ! papyri & ! inscriptions :]e 8gift0 or 8sacrifice0 seems suffici5t4 #fc;,j4 ,r5del ,h>ris1 8,! ,elem5ts ( a ,progressive ,*ur*10 ,pres5t ,day ,pap]s1 ,may1 #aija4 #fd,taylor1 op4 cit41 p4 #fc4 #fe,! ,hebrew 7,psalm #hb3b7 orig9ally _h ! idea ( lift+ ! face ) a view to com=t4 ,p>tiality 0 a subord9ate developm5t4 ,cf4 ,h4 ,/4 ,john ,?ack]ay1 ,gramm> ( ! ,old ,te/am5t ,greek ,accord+ to ! ,septuag9t 7,new ,york3 ,g4 ,p4 ,putnam's ,sons1 #aiji71 pp4 #dc ff4 ,! ,greek idiom has only ! bad mean+ & comes f tak+ (f ! mask4 ,see ,luke #bj3ba2 ,gal4 #b3c f4 = ! full idiom4 #ff;,deissmann1 ,/4 ,paul3 ,a ,/udy 9 ,social & ,religi\s ,hi/ory1 loc4 cit41 p4 #dg4 #fg;,ibid4 #fh,! ,gospel ( ,jesus & ! ,problems ( ,democracy 7,new ,york3 ,macmillan & ,co41 #aiad71 p4 #df4 #fi;,codex ,d adds to ,luke #f3d3 8,on ! same day see+ a c]ta9 man work+ on ! ,sabba?1 he said to him1 #8,man1 if y "k :at y are do+ y are bless$2 if y d n "k y are accurs$ & a transgressor ( ! law4'0 ,b ?is logion does n comp>e sabba?-break+ ) o!r s9s1 ?\gh x does emphasize insight into ! motive ( ! act4 #gj,maim4 on ,mi%nah1 ,sanh$r9 xi4 #a4 #ga,! article "h has almo/ ! orig9al demon/rative =ce4 ,james means ! k9d ( fai? t re/s on m]e ass]tion )\t works to prove x4 #gb,"o may comp>e ,paul's habit ( answ]+ an imag9>y objector 9 ! developm5t ( 8 argum5t4 ,see ,romans #b3a2 #i3bj4 #gc;,aori/ t5se & s punctili>--"k once = all--) almo/ a t\* ( impati5ce 9 ! t5se4 #gd,see ,lightfoot1 loc4 cit4 #ge;,9 ,h]mas 7,sim4 #i3bb7 we read ( tea*]s :o 8wi% to be self-appo9t$ tea*]s1 fools ?\gh !y are40 #gf;,cf4 ,h]mas1 ,m&4 #ab4 #a4 #gg;,cf41 h[ev]1 ,john #c3h & #a ,pet] #c3ag4 #gh,! ,midr4 ,rabb4 on ,levit4 7xiv4 #b7 xvi has quanta inc5dia l+ua excitat 7,mayor74 #gi;,cf4 ,jude #bc4 ,cf4 also ,james #a3bg & #b ,pet] #b3ac4 ,"o ?9ks ( ! smoke & soot ( sl&]1 besmir*+ all t x t\*es4 #hj,s5eca 7,ep4 ,,xiii4 #b4 #be7 says3 ,non nascitur itaque ex malo bonun1 non magis quam ficus ex olea4 #ha;,cf4 ,jude #ai4 ,see also #a ,cor4 #ae3de = a di/9ction betwe5 ^! words4 #hb,! v]b means to di/+ui%1 b ! resultant idea is extremely v>iable4 #hc,! ,vulgate has s9e simulatione4 ,! ,greek ^w is us$ ( ! actor's mask & !n = m]e imitation1 hypocrisy4 #hd,see bo? t]ms also 9 #d ,macc4 #e3bc4 ,see also ,philo1 ,m4 #a1 p4 #dde4 #he;,cf4 ,swete1 ,introduction to ! ,old ,te/am5t 9 ,greek1 ed4 ,h4 ,/4 ,john ,?ack]ay 7,new ,york3 ,g4 ,p4 ,putnam's ,sons1 #aijj71 p4 #efg4 #hf,see ,rob]tson1 ,gramm> ( ! ,greek ,new ,te/am5t 9 ! ,light ( ,hi/orical ,rese>*1 op4 cit41 p4 #hje4 ,9 pray] "o mu/ seek ) passion4 ,s9ce ! middle voice d5otes m e>ne/ness1 x is q frequ5t 9 ! papyri4 #hg,! cosmos 0 orig9ally 8ord]40 ,! ord] & beauty ( ,god's _w are attractive to ! "r-m9d$ man 7,rom4 #a3bj74 ,x is appli$ to ! p ( ! e>? 7,john #a3bi7 & !n to ! believ]s :o are ali5at$ f ,god 7,john #h3bc2 #ab3ca71 to ?is _w :i* ! devil rules 7,john #ad3cj2 #a ,john #e3ai71 ^: _s is ho/ile to t ( ,*ri/ 7#a ,cor4 #b3ab71 aga9/ :i* ,james has already 7#a3be7 w>n$ 8 read]s4 #hh,m\lton & ,milligan1 op4 cit41 p4 #b4 #hi,we/cott & ,hort read 9 ! m>g91 8! ?+s ( ! to-morr[ day40 #ij;,at h>ve/ "t !re is always special dem& = labor]s at high] wages ?an usual1 to save ! ripe gra9 be=e x p]i%es4 #ia,note ,heb4 #d3a4 ,! ^w occurs 9 ! papyri = 8a ba? insuffici5tly w>m$40 #ib;,eusebius1 ,h4 ,e4 ii4 #bc 7tak5 f ,hegesippus74 #ic;,deissmann1 ,bible ,/udies3 ,contributions ,*iefly f ,papyri & ,inscriptions 7,new ,york3 ,*>les ,scribn]'s ,sons1 #aija71 p4 #aih4 #id,plumm] notes t ! ,epi/le ( ,james %[s m co9cid5ces ) ! words ( ,jesus ?an all ( ,paul's epi/les & t all ( !m deal ) ! morality ( ! gospel1 ) conduct & life4 ,?is is all z ! circum/ances w\ld lead u to expect4 #ie,! use ( ! pres5t imp]ative 9 prohibition r ?an ! aori/ subjunctive implies t ! ?+ 0 be+ done4 ,t is probably true1 = *ur* memb]s h be5 kn[n to be guilty ( ?is s94 ,h[ev]1 x is possible = ?is t5se to prohibit ! habit r ?an ! s+le act4 8,keep on n swe>+40 ,see ,rob]tson1 ,gramm> ( ! ,greek ,new ,te/am5t 9 ! ,light ( ,hi/orical ,rese>*1 op4 cit41 pp4 #hea-ed4 #if;,deissmann1 ,bible ,/udies3 ,contributions ,*iefly f ,papyri & ,inscriptions1 op4 cit41 pp4 #aed f41 #bcc f4 #ig,see ext5sive discussion 9 ,mayor4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t usage favors ! middle1 b ! passive is also 9 use1 & ei!r makes good s5se4 #ih,! passive voice does n h its te*nical =ce "h z 9 ,rev4 #ah3bc b r is m l ! middle 9 s5se z 9 ,deut4 #bb3a & probably 7,mayor7 9 ,luke #ba3h2 #b ,pet] #b3ae4 ,! passive is con/antly mak+ inroads on ! middle 9 ,ko9e ,greek4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes --,sil5tly correct$ a few typographical errors4 --,reta9$ publication in=mation f ! pr9t$ exempl>1 :i* 0 already 9 ! public doma94