,transcrib] ,notes ,emphasiz$ text display$ z3 ,italic & ,bold ,,an ,,acc\nt ,,( ,,! ,,insects ,,noxi\s ,,to ,,agriculture ,,& ,,plants ,,9 ,,new ,,zeal&4 ,,! ,,scale-,,insects 7,,coccidid74 ,by ,w4 ,m4 ,,maskell1 ,f4,r4,m4,s41 ,,regi/r> ,,( ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,new ,,zeal&4 ,,well+ton3 ,,by ,,au?ority3 ,,geo4 ,,didsbury1 ,,gov]nm5t ,,pr9t]4 #ahhg4 ,mr4 ,maskell's ,acc\nt ( ! ,scale-,insects occurr+ 9 ,new ,zeal& is publi%$ by ! ,/ate ,=e/s & ,agricultural ,dep>tm5t1 "u ! in/ructions ( ! ,hon4 ,john ,ballance1 ,commission] ( ,/ate ,=e/s4 ,well+ton1 #ca/ ,m>*1 #ahhg4 ,,cont5ts4 ,*apt]4 ,page ,gloss>y ( ,t]ms & ,phrases #a ,i4 ,introductory #e ,,ii4 ,*>act]s1 ,life-hi/ory1 & ,metamorphoses ( ,coccidid #h ,,iii4 ,products ( ! ,coccidid 7,honeydew2 ,black ,fungus7 #ad ,,iv4 ,*ecks to ,increase ( ,coccidid1 ,p>asites1 etc4 #ah ,v4 ,rem$ies aga9/ ,coccidid #bd ,,vi4 ,catalogue ( ,insects & ,diagnosis ( ,species #cg ,gr\ps-- ,diaspid9 #ci ,lecanid9 #fb ,hemicoccid9 #hg ,coccid9 #hh ,index ( ,plants & ! ,coccidid attack+ ea* #aaa ,index ( ,g5]a & ,species #aae ,,preface4 ,! numb] & v>iety ( ! insect pe/s :i* live on ! plants ( ,new ,zeal&1 :e!r native or introduc$1 & ! damage :i* !y frequ5tly d1 =m ! excuse = ! appe>ance ( ?is "w4 ,! descriptions ( ^! insects 9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,new ,zeal& ,in/itute1 or 9 works publi%$ 9 ,europe & ,am]ica1 are n easily accessible to ! g5]al read]1 & are also mu* scatt]$ & fragm5t>y4 ,x 0 ?\ght !re=e t ! "t _h arriv$ :5 ! in=mation :i* might be useful to g>d5]s & tree-gr[]s1 z well z to /ud5ts1 might be summ>iz$ & br\ght toge!r 9 a comp5di\s =m1 & ! pres5t volume is an attempt t[>ds ?is4 ,9 ord] to r5d] ?is "w complete a second volume is necess>y1 :i* %\ld include ! l>ge numb] ( o!r de/ructive insects prey+ ^u v>i\s plants4 ,= example1 ! p9e-blight 7,k]maphis71 ! ,am]ican blight 7,eriosoma71 ! black lee* 7,t5?r$o71 ! cabbage cat]pill>1 ! turnip fly1 ! v>i\s aphides on roses1 g]aniums1 c41 ! grass-grub 7,odontria71 ! codl9-mo?1 ! bor]s1 weevils1 wireworms1 & a numb] ( o!rs are 9 diff]5t places damag+ trees & plants1 & x w\ld be useful to collect 9 "o volume in=mation reg>d+ !m4 ,! au?or has _h 9 contemplation ! prep>ation ( su* a volume1 & x is hop$ t x may be at "s future "t publi%$4 ,mean:ile ! pres5t is (f]$ z1 at lea/ z f> z x goes1 a full description ( "o ( ! mo/ g5]al z well z ! mo/ noxi\s families ( plant-p>asites4 ,! plates h be5 especially prep>$ ) a d\ble object3 fir/1 t g>d5]s & tree-gr[]s might be able easily to recognize ! k9d ( insect :i* might happ5 to be damag+ _! plants2 &1 secondly1 t ! /ud5t :o %\ld desire to "k m ( ?is curi\s family might h en\gh details indicat$ to guide him 9 8 inve/igation4 ,= ! fir/ purpose ! figures h be5 col\r$ z ne> to nature z possible2 = ! second a few anatomical details h be5 introduc$4 ,! pr9t+ ( ^! plates has be5 execut$ by ,mr4 ,potts1 li?ograph] to ,mr4 ,a4 ,willis1 ( ,wanganui1 & x is hop$ t ! read] may be well satisfi$ ) ! c>e & tr\ble :i* h be5 be/[$ ^u !m4 ,! au?or is s5sible t ?is volume may conta9 num]\s imp]fections2 b ^! w n1 he tru/s1 be attribut$ to culpable ignorance or c>elessness4 ,,explanation ,,( ,,t]ms ,,us$ ,,9 ,,! ,,foll[+ ,,pages4 ,abdom54 ,! po/]ior half ( ! body ( male or female1 :e!r jo9$ to ! ant]ior half or slightly sep>at$1 segm5t$ or n4 ,abdom9al cleft4 ,a n>r[ slit 9 ! extremity ( ! abdom5 ( ,lecanid9 & ! full-gr[n ,hemicoccid9 only4 7,plate ix41 ,fig4 #a1 b1 c47 ,on ! upp] side ( ! body are se5 ! ,abdom9al lobes1 two m9ute1 div]g5t1 triangul> or conical1 excresc5ces1 "o on ea* side ( ! cleft1 9 ,lecanid91 usually be>+ "o or m hairs4 7,plate xi41 ,fig4 #c1 b1 c47 ,abdom9al spike4 ,a m or less long1 tubul> or semi-tubul>1 po9t$ process t]m9at+ ! abdom5 ( ! male 9 all species1 & s]v+ z a %ea? = ! p5is1 :i* is a long1 :ite1 s(t tube ) recurv$ hairs4 7,plate ii41 ,fig4 #c2 ,plate xxi41 ,fig4 #a1 k47 ,anal r+1 anog5ital r+4 ,an orifice situat$ ne> ! abdom9al extremity ( ! female1 ei!r simple or comp\nd1 hairless or be>+ sev]al hairs4 7,plate ii41 ,fig4 #a47 ,anal tub]cles4 ,exhibit$ only by ! ,coccid9 & by ! l>v ( ,hemicoccid93 two m or less conspicu\s project+ processes at ! abdom9al extremity ( ! female1 )\t any cleft1 & 9 mo/ in/ances project+ beyond ! edge2 usually be>+ set4 7,plate ii41 ,fig4 #b1 c1 d47 ,ant5n4 ,two jo9t$ organs 7feel]s7 project+ f ! ant]ior portion ( ! body1 ( v>iable l5g?4 7,plate i41 ,figs4 #i1 #aj1 #aa1 types47 ,apod\s4 ,)\t feet4 ,apt]\s4 ,)\t w+s4 ,bucca1 buccal4 ,! m\?2 belong+ to ! m\?4 ,c>9a1 c>9at$4 ,a keel or rais$-ridge2 keel$4 ,cephalic region4 ,t "p ( ! insect1 male or female1 :i* be>s ! eyes1 ant5n1 & m\?1 b n includ+ ! fir/ pair ( feet4 ,clavate4 ,club-%ap$2 some:at knobb$4 ,claw4 ,! hook$ t]m9at+ jo9t ( ! foot4 7,plate i41 ,fig4 #f1 cl41 type47 ,coxa4 ,! fir/ jo9t ( ! foot1 spr++ directly f ! "u-side ( ! ?oracic region4 7,plate i41 ,figs4 #f c1 #g c47 ,digitules4 ,app5dages obs]v$ on ! feet1 & (t5 useful = di/+ui%+ species4 ,usually !re are two pairs4 ,! upp] pair spr+ f ! upp] side ( ! extremity ( ! t>sus1 & are g5]ally long1 f9e hairs1 t]m9at+ 9 a knob4 ,! l[] pair spr+ f ! base ( ! claw1 & are usually broad] & m trumpet-%ap$ ?an ! upp] ones4 7,plate i41 ,fig4 #h1 type47 ,sometimes ei!r pair1 or bo?1 may be abs5t4 ,9 ,clo/oma wairo5se !re are no upp] digitules1 & #bd l[] ones on ! foot ( ! male4 7,plate xxi47 ,dim]\s4 ,two-jo9t$4 ,dorsum4 ,! upp] side ( ! body :5 ! insect is 9 its natural position4 ,dorsal4 ,on ! upp] side or dorsum4 ,eyes4 ,two col\r$1 granul> or simple1 r\nd organs on ! cephalic region ( ! female1 ne> ! base ( ! ant5n 7,plate xiv41 ,fig4 #b1 k42 ,plate xx41 b72 two1 or f\r1 col\r$1 granul>1 simple or facett$1 on ! head ( ! male 7,plate i41 ,figs4 #ad1 #ae2 ,plate xxi41 ,fig4 #b1 b74 ,femur4 ,! second jo9t ( ! feet1 next ! coxa1 jo9$ to x by ! false jo9t tro*ant]4 7,plate i41 ,figs4 #f f1 #g f47 ,fr+e4 ,a portion ( ! excret$ sub/ance1 cotton or wax1 produc$ by ! sp9n]ets on ! edge ( ! body 9 c]ta9 ,lecanid9 & ,hemicoccid94 ,x may be 9 ! =m ( long glassy ?reads 7,plan*onia7 or ( m or less broad flat plates 7,ct5o*iton74 7,plate vii41 ,figs4 #b d1 #c a2 ,plate xii41 ,fig4 #b1 a1 b1 c47 ,halt]e4 ,a m9ute organ1 situat$ j beh9d ! w+s ( ! males1 & ( :i* ! use1 ei!r 9 ?is family or 9 ! ,dipt]a1 has n be5 satisfactorily asc]ta9$4 ,x is (t5 t]m$ ! balanc]4 ,9 ! h\se-fly x has be5 ?\ght to repres5t an organ ( he>+4 ,9 ,coccids x is furni%$ ) "o or m hook$ bri/les1 & ,mr4 ,com/ock affirms t ^! are1 probably = "s purposes ( flight1 hook$ into ! po/]ior edges ( ! w+s4,a 7,plate i41 ,fig4 #ag2 ,plate xxi41 ,fig4 #a1 m47 ,a ,report ( ! ,entomologi/1 ,u4,s4 ,dep4 ( ,agric4 #ahhj1 p4 #bgg1 note4 ,honeydew4 ,a sub/ance ( a glut9\s "* produc$ by _m species1 & fall+ 9 spray f !m on ! leaves4 7,see ,*ap4 ,,iii47 ,l>va4 ,! fir/ /age 9 ! insect's life aft] em]g+ f ! egg4 ,lobes1 9 ! ,diaspid91 are m9ute1 flat1 m or less r\nd$ projections1 two or m1 se5 on ! edge ( ! abdom9al extremity1 usually int]sp]s$ ) sp9es & hairs 7,plate iii41 ,figs4 #a1 #c1 #d1 #e1 l72 9 ! ,lecanid91 are two triangul> or conical projections1 usually be>+ hairs1 on ! dorsal side ( ! body1 "o on ea* side ( ! abdom9al cleft 7,plate xi41 ,fig4 #c1 b1 c74 ,m5tum4 ,a k9d ( second>y ro/rum1 or "u-lip1 n altoge!r tubul>1 b r a deepi% tr\gh1 ?r\gh :i* ! ro/ral set pass aft] leav+ ! ro/rum4 ,x may h "o1 two1 or ?ree jo9ts4 ,x is n noticeable 9 ! ,diaspid94 7,plate i41 ,fig4 #e1 b47 ,metamorphosis4 ,a *ange ( =m4 ,= ! numb] & *>act]s ( ^! see ,*ap4 ,,ii4 ,monili=m4 ,l a /r+ ( beads4 ,monom]\s4 ,) a s+le jo9t4 ,multilocul>4 ,) sev]al divisions3 a t]m appli$ to ! sp9n]et orifices ( "s insects1 di/+ui%+ !m f simple orifices1 :i* %[ only a s+le tube4 ,multilocul> orifices exhibit a bundle ( tubes enclos$ toge!r4 7,plate i41 ,fig4 #d1 c1 d1 p2 ,plate xviii41 ,fig4 #b1 e47 ,n]vure4 ,a /rong ve9 :i*1 />t+ f ! atta*m5t ( ! w+ ( ! male1 runs along ! ant]ior edge ( ! w+1 a little )9 x3 at ab\t half its l5g? a bran* runs obliquely t[>ds ! po/]ior edge4 7,plate i41 #af2 ,plate xix41 f2 ,plate xxi47 ,normal4 ,accord+ to rule--n exceptional4 ,ocelli4 ,two1 f\r1 or six m9ute circul> simple organs1 on ! head ( ! male3 probably organs ( vision4 ,9 ! ,monophlebid !y w\ld seem to be replac$ by a smoo? r\nd$ protub]ance beh9d ! eye4 7,plate i41 ,fig4 #ad1 oc42 ,plate viii41 ,fig4 #b1 k1 m2 ,plate xxi41 ,fig4 #b1 b47 ,ovisac4 ,! cottony bag or ne/ =m$ by c]ta9 species ( ,lecanid9 & ,coccid9 = ! reception ( _! eggs4 7,plate xii41 ,fig4 #a1 a1 b1 c2 ,plate xix41 a1 b1 c47 ,p$uncle1 p$unculat$4 ,a /alk2 /alk$4 ,pellicle4 ,! sk9 ( an e>li] /age1 ca/ (f at ea* metamorphosis2 us$ by ! ,diaspid9 & by "o g5us ( ,lecanid9 9 ! =mation ( ! pup>ium or te/4 7,plate i41 ,fig4 #c1 a1 b2 ,plate vii41 ,fig4 #b1 b47 ,polym]\s4 ,_m-jo9t$4 ,pupa4 ,! la/ /age ( ! male insect be=e em]g+ w+$4 ,pup>ium4 ,! %ield1 cov]+1 or scale ( ! ,diaspid94 7,plate i41 ,fig4 #c1 e2 ,plates iv41 v41 vi47 ,ro/ral set4 ,?ree or1 9 a few cases1 f\r long1 f9e1 curl+1 tubul> bri/les spr++ f ! ro/rum1 & (t5 pass+ ?r\gh a m5tum2 us$ = ins]tion into ! tissues ( a plant & suck+ _! cont5ts4 7,plate i41 ,fig4 #e2 ,plate vi41 only "o be+ "h %[n1 f ! smallness ( ! draw+s47 ,ro/rum4 ,a m or less conical1 tubul>1 project+ organ1 or beak1 protrud+ f ! "u-side ( ! cephalic region1 or betwe5 ! fir/ pair ( feet4 ,x is abs5t 9 ! adult female ,clo/oma4 ,x is ! m\? ( ! insect4 7,plate i41 ,fig4 #e2 ,plate iv41 ,fig4 #e47 ,sac4 ,! cottony1 bag-l cov]+ or ne/ produc$ by ! sp9n]ets & conceal+ ! insect 9 _m ( ! ,coccid9 & "s ,lecanid94 7,plate xv41 ,fig4 #a1 c2 ,fig4 #b1 b47 ,scale4 ,! %ield or pup>ium ( ! ,diaspid94 ,! ^w is commonly us$ to designate ! outw>d appe>ance ( insects ( ! :ole family1 :i* are indiscrim9ately call$ scale-insects1 al?\gh _m ( !m =m no %ield :atev]4 ,secretion may be ( v>i\s k9ds4 ,x is matt] produc$ by int]nal organs1 & expell$ ?r\gh ! sp9n]ets4 ,9 ! ,diaspid9 ! secret$ portion ( ! pup>ium 7t is1 all except ! pellicles7 is made up ( f9e1 closely-wov5 fibres1 =m+ ! scale4 ,9 ! ,lecanid9 x probably exudes orig9ally z f9e fibres1 b ^! become agglom]at$ 9 "s cases 9 a waxy or horny mass1 or 9 o!rs are loosely collect$ z cotton4 ,9 ! ,coccid9 ! secretion is usually cottony1 or p[d]y l meal4 ,clo/oma secretes all ?ree--wax1 cotton1 & meal4 ,9 "s in/ances1 z 9 ,c>t]ia lacca1 ( ,africa1 ! wax1 call$ %ellac1 is abundant en\gh to be comm]cially valuable2 or1 z 9 ! ,*9ese ,eric]us ,pe-la x c be us$ = mak+ c&les4 ,seta4 ,a bri/le--a long /iff hair4 ,setose4 ,be>+ a few bri/les4 ,sp9n]ets4 ,organs obs]v$ 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! body1 produc+ ! waxy1 cottony1 or mealy matt]4 ,!y consi/ ( cyl9drical int]nal tubes1 sometimes end+ on ! sk91 sometimes protrud+ outside x 9 ! =m ( tubes1 sp9es1 or conical hairs4 ,9 ! =m] case ! orifices %[ !m to be 9 "s in/ances simple1 & 9 o!rs comp\nd tubes4,b ,9 ! ,diaspid91 besides be+ scatt]$ ov] ! body1 ! sp9n]ets are arrang$ 9 gr\ps on ! la/ abdom9al segm5t1 & ^! gr\ps af=d excell5t *>act]s = specific di/9ctions4 7,plate i41 ,fig4 #d1 = types ( v>i\s sp9n]ets2 ,plate iii41 gr\ps ( sp9n]ets ( ,diaspid947 ,b ,m9ute anatomical details are unsuitable = ?is "w4 ,! /ud5t may consult ,t>gioni-,tozzetti1 ,/udie sulle ,cocc9iglie1 cap4 ii41 p4 #bf4 ,spiracles4 ,brea?+ organs3 ! orifices 9 ! body ( ! tra*e or tubes convey+ air to ! blood4 ,9 ! ,lecanid9 !y are usually f\r2 simple circles1 ne> ! edge ( ! body1 & ) a few /rong sp9y hairs ne> !m4 ,9 ! ,coccid9 !y are (t5 num]\s4 7,plate ii41 ,fig4 #d2 ,plate xx41 n47 ,spiracul> sp9es4 ,sp9y hairs1 usually ?ree 9 numb]1 ( :i* "o is r long1 close to ! spiracles1 9 ! ,lecanid94 ,/igma1 /igmatic sp9es4 ,t]ms sometimes employ$ = spiracles1 c4 ,t>sus4 ,! f\r? jo9t ( ! feet1 betwe5 ! tibia & ! claw4 ,its consi/+ ( "o jo9t 7monom]\s7 is a di/9ctive "* ( ! :ole family4 7,plate i41 ,fig4 #f1 ta42 ,fig4 #g1 ta47 ,te/4 ,! waxy1 glassy1 or horny cov]+ produc$ ?r\gh ! sp9n]ets & conceal+ ! insect 9 _m ,lecanid9 & "s ,coccid94 ,9 ?is "w x is n appli$ to ! scale ( ,diaspid9 or to cottony secretions4 ,?oracic b&4 ,an appe>ance se5 on ! ?oracic region 9 ! male1 look+ l a broad transv]se ribbon4 ,?oracic region1 ?orax4 ,t "p ( ! female or ! male :i* be>s ! ?ree pairs ( feet1 :5 ! feet are pres5t2 or1 if ! feet are abs5t1 ! middle portion ( ! body1 segm5t$ or n4 ,tibia4 ,! ?ird jo9t ( ! feet1 next ! femur4 7,plate i41 ,fig4 #f1 ti42 ,fig4 #g1 ti47 ,tra*e4 ,tubes ramify+ ?r\gh\t ! body1 convey+ air to ! blood4 ,_! orifices are ! spiracles4 ,! tra*e1 z 9 o!r insects1 appe> z if con/ruct$ ( a network ( f9e spiral wires4 7,plate ii41 ,fig4 #d d2 ,plate xx41 n47 ,tro*ant]4 ,a small articulation1 n a di/9ct jo9t 7some?+ l a knee-cap7 ( ! feet1 betwe5 ! coxa & ! femur4 7,plate i41 ,fig4 #f1 tr42 ,fig4 #g1 tr47 ,trim]\s4 ,?ree-jo9t$4 ,v5tral4 ,on ! "u-side1 ! insect be+ 9 its prop] position4 ,,new ,,zeal& ,,scale-,,insects 7,,coccidid74 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,introductory4 ,insects are divid$ by naturali/s into sev]al pr9cipal ord]s1 ! di/+ui%+ m>ks ( :i* are g5]ally v well def9$--= example1 ! butt]flies & mo?s belong to ! ord] ,lepidopt]a1 ! dragon-flies to ! ,neuropt]a1 ! common h\se-flies to ! ,dipt]a1 & s on4 ,^! ord]s are f\nd$ ^u ! *>act]s & arrangem5t ( ! w+s4 ,!y are subdivid$ into families1 & ^! aga9 into g5]a & species4 ,"o ( ! ord]s is t ( ! ,hemipt]a1 :i* is compos$ ( ! two foll[+ sections3-- ,hemipt]a-,het]opt]a1 includ+ ! bugs1 wat]-beetles1 c4 ,hemipt]a-,homopt]a1 includ+ ! crickets1 cuckoo-spits1 plant-lice 7,aphides71 leaf-hopp]s 7,psyllids71 scale-insects 7,coccids71 c4 ,! insects treat$ ( 9 ?is volume are !re=e plac$ z foll[s3-- ,class--,insecta4 ,ord]--,hemipt]a4 ,section--,homopt]a4 ,family--,coccidid4 ,! g5]a & species w be f\nd 9 _! places4 ,! common ,engli% "n = ?is family--scale-insects--is n v appropriate4 ,"s few ( !m h ! appe>ance ( small ?9 scales on leaves or twigs1 b _m h n4 ,nor are ! ,g]man appellations--gall-insekt5 or s*ild-lause--m appropriate4 ,g>d5]s h giv5 to "s ( !m ! "n ( mealy-bug1 :i*1 al?\gh decid$ly nei!r elegant nor euphoni\s1 v fairly repres5ts ! "* ( t p>ticul> portion ( ! family4 ,! orig9 ( ! "n ,coccidid1 or1 z abbreviat$ (t5 9 ?is volume1 ,coccids1 is f\nd 9 ! old ,greek ^w ,greek3 kokkos1 d5ot+ a ri* r$ dye1 :i* 0 mu* admir$ by ! ,greeks & ,romans1 & :i* 0 procur$ f ! insect n[ kn[n z ,k]mes v]milio 7! ,coccus ilicis ( ,l9nu74 ,:5 ! co*9eal insect 0 discov]$ 9 ,mexico x soon ov]p[]$ all ! o!rs1 produc+ comm]cial dyes1 & f x has come ! title ,coccid1 n[ appli$ to ! :ole family4 ,co*9eal itself has ( late ye>s be5 pu%$ aside to a great ext5t by ! anil9e 7coal-t>7 dyes2 yet x is /ill us$ = _m purposes4 ,?is insect lives on ! leaves ( cactus4 ,among/ ! ,new ,zeal& species describ$ 9 ?is "w w be f\nd "o1 ,dactylopius alp9us1 :i* produces a r$ dye simil> to1 ?\gh probably n equal to1 co*9eal4 ,be=e ! discov]y ( anil9e dyes x might possibly h be5 wor? :ile to cultivate ?is insect = its dye2 b ?is w\ld sc>cely answ] n[4 ,! ,coccidid are1 9 "s p>ts ( ! _w1 v injuri\s to vegetation4 ,!y seem to affect pr9cipally ! w>m] temp]ate regions4 ,cali=nia1 ,florida1 ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 ! s\!rn p>ts ( ,au/ralia1 ,s\!rn ,france & ,nor!rn ,italy1 & ,new ,zeal& are c\ntries 9 :i* !y are f\nd out-(-doors 9 ! greate/ numb]s4 ,9 ,engl& !y are less tr\blesome 9 ! op5 air1 ?\gh 9 gre5h\ses & ho?\ses !y ab\nd2 b1 9 places "u glass1 e g>d5] ought to be able to get rid ( !m )\t difficulty4 ,= its ext5t ,new ,zeal& seems to furni% a l>g] numb] ?an any o!r c\ntry4 ,! humidity ( its climate & ! abs5ce ( any?+ l sev]e w9t]s 9 mo/ p>ts ( x are q cong5ial to ,coccids2 & !re is sc>cely a tree 9 its =e/s or 9 its g>d5s1 :e!r native or introduc$1 :i* is n subject to _! attacks4 ,x has n be5 ?\ght necess>y to include 9 ?is "w a li/ ( ! books & essays writt5 on ?is family ( insects4 ,! li/ w\ld be a v long "o2 b1 besides t _m ( ! books w\ld n be obta9able "h1 x w\ld be f\nd t v _m au?ors h done no?+ m ?an copy--(t5 q bl9dly & un9tellig5tly--:at o!rs _h said be=e !m2 moreov]1 mo/ ( !m are out ( date4 ,! /ud5t or ! horticulturi/ desir+ to "k m ab\t ,coccids n f\nd 9 ,new ,zeal& may f9d full details 9 ! reports ( ! ,agricultural ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t1 9 ,dr4 ,v4 ,signoret's ,essai sur les ,co*5illes 7,p>is71 9 pap]s by ,miss ,emily ,smi? 7,am]ican naturali/1 #ahgh-hj71 c4 ,! ,am]ican ,dep>tm5tal ,reports ( ,pr(essors ,riley & ,com/ock1 ,mr4 ,hubb>d1 & ,mr4 ,l4 ,h[>d conta9 mo/ valuable in=mation4 ,engli% works on ! subject are mo/ly fragm5t>y or inaccurate2 b ,mr4 ,d\glas1 ( ,lewi%am1 has lately begun to discuss ! ,coccids 9 ,engl& 9 a sy/ematic mann]1 & probably be=e long o!rs w foll[ suit4 ,9 ,india1 ,mr4 ,t4 ,w4 ,atk9son1 ( ,calcutta1 is /udy+ ! family4 ,natural sci5ce 9 ^! days t5ds ev] m & m t[>ds specialization1 & ! b\nd>ies ( sci5tific classes1 ord]s1 families1 c41 are becom+ always m & m n>r[$4 ,! /ud5t c f9d 8 "t q suffici5tly occupi$ n[adays 9 ! ?or\gh inve/igation ( s 7comp>atively7 small a portion ( ! animal k+dom z is pres5t$ by ! ,coccids ( ev5 only "o c\ntry2 & ! pres5t "w may n be )\t value to future work]s 9 ?is direction4 ,to ! f>m]1 ! g>d5]1 ! fruit-gr[]1 & ! own] ( pleasure-gr\nds x is believ$ t ! foll[+ *apt]s w also supply in=mation at ! same "t correct1 intelligible1 & useful4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,*>act]s1 ,,life-,,hi/ory1 ,,& ,,metamorphoses ,,( ,,! ,,coccidid4 ,! fir/ pr9cipal "* sep>at+ ! ,coccidid f ! re/ ( ! ,homopt]a1 & di/+ui%able )\t microscopic exam9ation1 is ! abs5ce ( w+s 9 ! females at all /ages ( _! exi/5ce4 ,! second pr9cipal "* is ! abs5ce ( any app>atus = fe$+ & dige/+ 9 ! males4 ,f ^! two *>act]s x foll[s t ! females c only ext5d _! op]ations by1 at ! be/1 crawl+ f plant to plant1 or by be+ c>ri$ ab\t by birds or o!r ag5cy2 also t ! males _c enjoy m ?an a v %ort exi/5ce1 _! "w be+ entirely conf9$ to impregnat+ ! females4 ,h5ce1 9 any endeav\rs to de/roy ^! insects1 ! males may be disreg>d$1 & ! females only att5d$ to4 ,o!r di/+ui%+ *>act]s1 *iefly microscopic1 are-- #a4 ,! pres5ce ( only "o jo9t 9 ! t>sus or f\r? jo9t ( ! leg1 9 bo? males & females 7,plate i41 ,figs4 #f & #g1 ta72 #b4 ,! pres5ce ( only a s+le claw t]m9at+ ! leg 9 bo? males & females 7,plate i41 ,figs4 #f & #g72 #c4 ,! pres5ce ( only two w+s1 ) two halt]es1 9 ! full-gr[n males 7,plate xxi472 #d4 ,! pres5ce ( two or m eyes or ocul> tub]cles1 9 addition to ! ord9>y pair ( eyes1 9 ! full-gr[n males 7,plate i41 ,fig4 #ad2 ,plate viii41 ,fig4 #a1 k1 m74 ,i4 ,! ,female ,insect4 ,9 g5]al outw>d appe>ance ! female insects pres5t v v>iable =ms4 ,!y may be ei!r nak$1 or cov]$ ov] ) "s k9d ( a %ield1 :i* may be fibr\s1 or waxy1 or cottony1 or !y may h simply a ?9 p[d]y meal scatt]$ ov] !m4 ,! cov]$ insects are1 ( c\rse1 /ation>y1 al?\gh 9 "s cases1 be=e rea*+ _! full developm5t1 !y move ab\t1 c>ry+ _! h\ses ) !m4 ,! nak$ insects may be ei!r /ation>y or active4 ,!y atta* !mselves ei!r to ! b>k or /em ( a plant or to ! leaves4 ,9 ! latt] case x is r>e to f9d !m on ! upp] side2 b1 on turn+ ov] a leaf1 ! "u-surface is frequ5tly f\nd cov]$ ?ickly ) !m4 ,9 _m cases !y exude1 9 ! =m ( m9ute globules1 a :iti%1 ?ick1 gummy secretion1 answ]+ probably to ! honeydew ( ! ,aphidid4 ,?is secretion drops f !m on to ! plant1 & f x gr[s a black fungus1 :i* soon gives an unsightly appe>ance to ! plant4 ,?is fungus or smut is an almo/ inv>iable indication t a plant is attack$ by insects1,c & may1 inde$1 give a useful w>n+ to tree-gr[]s4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 produc$ 9 appreciable quantities by all species4 ,c ,n necess>ily a ,coccid insect3 ! fungus may also gr[ on ! honeydew ( ,aphis2 b x is easy to recognize ! diff]5ce betwe5 ^! insects4 ,9 e case !re is "s insect at "w :]e ! fungus is4 ,! mann] ( fe$+ ^u ! plant is ! same z 9 all ! families ( ,homopt]a--namely1 by means ( a protrud+ ro/rum1 beak1 or trunk1 situat$ on ! "u-side ( ! insect4 ,z !re is n1 9 ! female ,coccidid1 any well-def9$ division betwe5 ! head & ! re/ ( ! body1 ?is ro/rum is se51 on turn+ ov] ! insect1 9 ! =m1 usually1 ( a m9ute conical projection betwe51 or ne>ly betwe51 ! fir/ pair ( legs1 if ! legs are pres5t1 or a little )9 ! circumf]5ce1 if ! legs are abs5t 7,plate i41 ,fig4 #e74 ,an ord9>y l5s w g5]ally %[1 spr++ f ! po9t ( ! conical ro/rum1 ?ree or f\r longi%1 v f9e1 curl+ bri/les4 ,^! bri/les are1 9 fact1 holl[ tubes1 & ! insect1 ins]t+ !m into ! leaf or b>k ( ! plant1 sucks ?r\gh !m its food4 ,x is ?us pla9 t1 ) (t5 great numb]s ( scale-insects suck+ at x--pump+1 z x 71 its life-blood ?r\gh _! ro/ra--a plant mu/ ( necessity suff] greatly4 ,birds d n1 z a rule1 seem to c>e mu* ab\t eat+ ! ,coccidid1 ^: "w is ?us little int]f]$ ) by !m4 ,! :ite-eye 7,zo/]ops7 or blight-bird has be5 se5 fe$+ on scale-insects2 b its visits are few & f> betwe51 & its assi/ance to ! g>d5] 9 ?is respect n great4 ,! ,coccidid are1 h[ev]1 mu* subject to attacks f ,hym5opt]\s p>asites1 ( :i* "s acc\nt w be f\nd 9 a subsequ5t *apt] 7,*ap4 ,,iv474 ,! effects ( ! ,coccidid are n conf9$ altoge!r to damage to plants3 !re are "s species produc+ mat]ials useful to man4 ,= example1 ,coccus cacti produces co*9eal2 ,c>t]ia lacca produces %ellac2 ,eric]us p-la is us$ by ! ,*9ese = c&les3 & o!rs might be m5tion$4 ,b1 s f>1 no ,new ,zeal& species appe>s to be ( any comm]cial use4 ,dactylopius alp9us makes a r ri* r$ dye 9 alcohol2 ,clo/oma zeal&icum con/ructs ?ick1 waxy cov]+s1 :i* might possibly be turn$ to "s acc\nt2 b ev5 ^! are probably n wor? mu*4 ,gr\ps4 ,! gr\ps into :i* ! ,coccidid are1 9 ?is "w1 divid$ are z foll[3-- #a4 ,female insects con/ruct+ = !mselves %ields compos$ p>tly ( secretion1 p>tly ( ! pellicles disc>d$ f e>li] /ages2 abdom5 n cleft2 legs lo/ at full gr[?4 ,diaspid94 #b4 ,female insects nak$1 or cov]$ ) %ields ( secretion1 ei!r waxy1 horny1 cottony1 or felt$2 abdom5 9 all /ages cleft2 legs ei!r lo/ or reta9$ at full gr[?4 ,lecanid94 #c4 ,female insects nak$1 or cov]$ ) %ields ( waxy secretion2 abdom5 ( l>va end+ 9 prom95t processes1 abdom5 ( adult cleft2 legs ei!r lo/ or reta9$ at full gr[?4 ,hemicoccid94 #d4 ,female insects nak$1 or cov]$ ) secretion ei!r waxy1 cottony1 or felt$2 abdom5 9 all /ages end+ 9 prom95t processes2 legs ei!r lo/ or reta9$ at full gr[?4 ,coccid94 ,life-hi/ory4 ,! life-hi/ory ( ! insects 9 ! above gr\ps is z foll[s3-- ,all ( !m pass ?r\gh f\r /ages ( exi/5ce3 #a1 ! egg2 #b1 ! "y l>va2 #c1 ! second /age ( life1 or pupa2 #d1 ! adult1 or full-gr[n insect4 #a4 ,! egg4 ,?is is1 9 all cases1 ( regul>ly-oval =m1 ! col\r v>y+ f :ite to yell[ or r$ 7see ,plate i41 ,fig4 #a74 ,x may be produc$ 9 great numb]s1 & 9 "s cases sev]al times 9 a ye>4 ,z a g5]al rule1 ! female ejects ! eggs f h] body2 b !re are "s species1 notably 9 ! gr\p ,lecanid91 :]e ! eggs are hat*$ )9 ! body1 ! insect be+ ?us1 9 a mann]1 vivip>\s4 #b4 ,! "y l>va 7,plate i41 ,fig4 #b74 ,?is is ( precisely ! same =m bo? = ! male & ! female--or1 r1 p]haps x %\ld be said t no def9ite "* has yet be5 discov]$ to %[ :i* are male & :i* are female l>v4 ,neglect+ slight v>iations ( =m1 ! l>va is v m9ute--seldom m ?an ab\t #a_/cj 94 long1 (t5 z small z #a_/ajj 94--oval1 flatti%1 possess+ a ro/rum & accompany+ bri/les 7set71 six legs1 & two ant5n3 & 9 all species x is fairly active1 travell+ z soon z hat*$ ov] ! plant 9 se>* ( food4 #c4 ,! second /age4 ,"h ! fir/ di/9ction is noticeable betwe5 ! male & ! female 9 mo/ cases2 b ?is di/9ction usually dep5ds n s mu* ^u ! =m ( ! insect z ^u ! "* ( ! cov]+ x makes = itself4 ,conf9+ ourselves at pres5t to ! female1 !re are diff]5ces n[ noticeable betwe5 ! gr\ps4 ,9 ! ,diaspid9 ! insect beg9s by slipp+ out ( ! sk9 ( ! l>va2 b x does n ca/ x aside altoge!r3 x makes use ( ! old sk9 z "p ( its cov]+4 ,add+ to x a small portion ( fibr\s secretion--produc$ by organs call$ sp9n]ets1 :i* w be notic$ pres5tly--x atta*es itself to ! plant by its ro/rum & set1 & lies1 in]t & /ation>y1 "u a little %ield compos$ half ( its old sk9 & half ( secretion4 ,z x also1 9 ent]+ ?is /age1 loses its legs altoge!r1 x mu/ rema9 9 ! position x has *os5 = ! re/ ( its life4 ,9 ! ,lecanid9 & 9 ! ,coccid9 ! sk9 ( ! l>va is ?r[n away altoge!r1 & ! female 9 h] second /age takes up a new position1 9 :i* %e may be ei!r nak$ or cov]$ ) a ?9 coat ( secretion1 active or /ation>y1 reta9+ h] legs 9 mo/ cases1 or los+ !m 9 "s in/ances4 ,9 all ! gr\ps !re is almo/ always "s approa* to ! =m ( ! full-gr[n insect noticeable 9 ?is second /age4 #d4 ,! full-gr[n insect4 ,"h !re is almo/ unlimit$ v>iety ( =m1 col\r1 & habits4 ,! insects may be nak$ or cov]$1 active or /ation>y4 ,9 ! ,diaspid9 ! process j describ$ is repeat$3 ! female slips out ( h] second sk91 b /ill keeps bo? x & ! fir/ ov] h]1 add+ m fibr\s secretion f ! sp9n]ets2 s t1 9 fact1 %e lies an in]t1 legless1 slug-l object1 "u a cov]+ compos$ p>tly ( ! two sk9s1 p>tly ( secretion4 7,see ,plate i41 ,fig4 #c3 a is ! disc>d$ l>val sk91 b ! disc>d$ sk9 ( ! second /age1 bo? be+ us$ z "p ( ! %ield4 ,9 ! g5us ,aspidiotus ^! sk9s w\ld be 9 ! c5tre in/ead ( at "o end47 ,9 ! ,lecanid9 7except 9 "o s+le g5us7 & ! ,coccid9 ! second sk9 is disc>d$ altoge!r2 b ! insect may ei!r con/ruct a new %ield or rema9 nak$1 may be ei!r ) or )\t legs1 ei!r active or /ation>y4 ,once ?is la/ /age ( h] exi/5ce ent]$ ^u1 ! female prep>es = lay+ h] eggs4 ,9 mo/ species ! s]vices ( a male are ne$$2 9 "s1 z f> z c be made out aft] inve/igation ( _m ye>s1 no males are f\nd4 ,! female1 if nak$1 ei!r hat*es h] eggs 9 h] own body or lays !m on ! plant2 if cov]$1 %e fills h] %ield ) ! eggs4 ,! nak$ insects (t5 cov] ! eggs !mselves--e4g41 ,lecanium hemisphricum2 or1 aga91 deposit !m 9 an ovisac1 a mass ( cottony secretion--e4g41 ,pulv9>ia camellicola or ,ic]ya pur*asi4 ,,ii4 ,! ,male ,insect4 ,x has be5 rem>k$ above t1 z ! full-gr[n males ( ! ,coccidid are de/itute ( any organs = fe$+ :atsoev]1 !re is no reason = mak+ sy/ematic attacks on !m = economical purposes4 ,_! function is simply to impregnate ! females1 & _! life at ?is /age mu/ necess>ily be v brief4 ,x w suffice 9 ?is place to obs]ve t 9 all cases ^! males are small1 two-w+$ flies1 _! size v>y+ f ab\t #a_/dj 94 to #a_/d 94 9 l5g?2 col\r usually yell[ or r$2 w+s long] ?an ! body1 hyal9e 7glassy7 & (t5 iridesc5t1 &1 9 repose1 ly+ flat1 p>tly cross+ ea* o!r4 ,! ant5n are long1 sl5d]1 & hairy1 consi/+ ( n9e or t5 jo9ts4 ,! legs are also sl5d] & hairy1 ! t>sus hav+ only "o jo9t1 & t]m9at+ 9 a s+le claw4 ,! insects are g5]ally v active4 ,types ( ant5na1 foot1 w+ & halt]e1 & a diagram ( ! arrangem5t ( ! eyes & ocelli1 are giv5 9 ,plate i41 ,figs4 #g1 #ab1 #ac1 #ad1 #ae1 #ag4 ,! males are ?us s small & rapid 9 _! movem5ts t x is difficult 9 mo/ cases to f9d !m 9 a free /ate4 ,! usual way to procure !m is by hat*+ !m f ! pup4 ,9 _! c\rse ( life !y pass ?r\gh f\r /ages1 z d ! females--viz43 #a1 ! egg2 #b1 ! l>va2 #c1 ! pupa2 #d1 ! full-gr[n insect4 #a4 ,! egg is1 z f> z c be made out1 precisely ! same z t ( ! female1 ?\gh ,dr4 ,signoret believes t 9 "o or two species !re may p]haps be m9ute diff]5ces4 #b4 ,! l>va is1 z /at$ above1 simil> to t ( ! female4 #c4 ,! pupa4 ,"h ! fir/ di/9ctions betwe5 ! sexes may be not$1 & ^! are pr9cipally obs]vable 9 ! cocoons or pup>ia1 r ?an 9 ! insect itself--at lea/ to outw>d appe>ance4 ,! male pupa is1 9 all cases--ev5 9 ^? :]e ! female pupa is nak$--enclos$ 9 "s k9d ( cov]+4 ,9 ! ,diaspid9 ! pup>ium is =m$ p>tly ( fibr\s secretion & p>tly ( disc>d$ sk92 only1 z ! full-gr[n male em]ges f x z a fly1 & does n rema9 on ! plant1 !re c be only "o su* sk9--t ( ! l>va2 consequ5tly x is easy to di/+ui% ! male pup>ia f ! %ields ( ! adult females by ! pres5ce ( only "o disc>d$ pellicle in/ead ( two4 ,9 ! ,lecanid9 & ! ,coccid9 ! male pup>ia are di/+ui%able usually by a n>r[] & m cyl9drical =m ?an ^? ( ! females1 :]e ^! latt] are cov]$2 9 ! nak$ species ! males are g5]ally 9 :ite waxy or cottony cocoons4 ,exam9ation ( ! pup 9 ^! cov]+s w g5]ally %[ m or less develop$ processes on ! back & sides1 :i* are s evid5tly ! rudim5ts ( ! future w+s t ! pres5ce ( a male is n d\btful4 ,9 o!r respects ! male pup are n always to be di/+ui%$ f ! females4 #c4 ,! full-gr[n male has be5 describ$ above4 ,x is usually easy to procure specim5s1 provid$ ! pup are obta9$4 ,if any ( ^!1 9 _! cov]+s1 are put into pillboxes ) glass tops1 or any place :]e light rea*es !m1 !y w g5]ally produce ! full-gr[n insect sometimes 9 a few days1 sometimes aft] sev]al weeks4 ,! "t ( ye> = ?is seems v v>iable4 ,males em]ge f ! pup>ia app>5tly indiff]5tly 79 ,new ,zeal&7 9 summ] or w9t]4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,products ,,( ,,! ,,coccidid4 ,waxy or cottony matt]3 ! honeydew & ! black fungus--smut or black blight--gr[+ ^u x4 ,! ,coccidid1 9 "s p>ts ( ! _w1 excrete v>i\s sub/ances :i* are ( comm]cial value1 z1 = example1 %ellac1 manna1 c&le-wax1 c4 ,co*9eal is n 9 ! same category1 z x appe>s to be a col\r+-matt] p]vad+ e cell ( ! tissues ( ! insect f :i* x is extract$--,coccus cacti4 ,b !re is no ne$ to dwell "h ^u ! ord9>y excretions ( ! ,new ,zeal& insects1 z !y appe> to be n suffici5t ei!r 9 quantity or quality = any practical s]vice4 ,! fibr\s pup>ia ( ! ,diaspid9 appe> to be q useless4 ,! te/s ( ! ,lecanodiaspid1 su* z ,ct5o*iton p]=atus1 ,+lisia ornata1 c41 al?\gh m or less waxy 7b ( v brittle mat]ial1 (t5 m l glass7 are mu* too insignificant to repay any tr\ble tak5 to collect !m4 ,( all ! family1 ,clo/oma zl&icum1 9 its second /age1 seems to produce ! greate/ am\nt ( mat]ial1 its l>ge1 h>d1 waxy te/s be+ v ?ick & solid1 & (t5 clu/]$ 9 hundr$s on a root or a twig ( ,muhl5beckia2 b1 suppos+ ?is sub/ance 7( :i* ! true *emical nature,d is n yet kn[n7 to be fit = "s purpose1 !re does n seem to be any means ( cultivat+ ! insect to pr(it4 ,dactylopius alp9us produces 9 alcohol a ri* r$ t9t1 & ?is n by way ( excretion1 b f ! col\r+ matt]s ( its tissues1 z 9 ! case ( ,coccus cacti2 b "h1 aga91 ! r>ity ( ! insect & its out-(-!-way habitat w\ld be a b>1 ev5 if n[adays x 7 wor? :ile to cultivate a ,new ,zeal& co*9eal4 ,at pres5t1 !re=e1 !re seems no reason to believe t ! ,coccidid ( ?is c\ntry are likely to furni% any products ( a useful or comm]cial "*4 ,d ,a small quantity 0 submitt$ to ,mr4 ,skey1 ,colonial ,museum ,laboratory1 = analysis1 no m be+ available at ! "t4 ,mr4 ,skey consid]$ x z a new sub/ance1 probably ( ! nature ( a gum1 n res9\s2 b fur!r exam9ation ( l>g] quantities is necess>y4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 "o sub/ance produc$ by ^! insects :i* has an injuri\s effect ^u ! plants !y gr[ on4 ,?is is a transp>5t glut9\s fluid1 app>5tly analog\s to t exud+ f ,aphides1 & :i* may receive ! "n ( honeydew1 z 9 t family4 ,9 fact1 ?is fluid w\ld seem to be produc$ by mo/ ( ! ,rhyn*ota1 = ! ,psyllid & ,aleurodid also excrete x4 ,! quantity issu+ f ,coccids seems to v>y greatly4 ,9 "s cases--e4g41 ,lecanium hesp]idum1 ,ct5o*iton viridis or p]=atus1 ,fior9ia a/eli--! insects appe> to dis*>ge honeydew freely2 9 o!rs--e4g41 ,mytilaspis pomorum1 ,rhizococcus fossor--none1 or sc>cely any fluid1 is excret$4 ,b 9 no case does x appe> t our ,coccids,e =m honeydew to ! same ext5t z ! ,aphides1 :i* are /at$ to produce sometimes quantities t may be ga!r$ f ! leaves or ! soil by ! p\nd weight4 ,x is n s mu* ! am\nt exud+ f ea* insect z ! great numb] ( insects on a plant :i* r5d]s ! ,coccid honeydew obnoxi\s3 ea* individual may excrete only a little1 b :51 z usually happ5s1 !re are _m hundr$s ( individuals toge!r1 ! result1 = ! reasons giv5 bel[1 becomes important to ! tree4 ,e ,gossyp>ia mannip>a1 an ,arabian ,coccid1 is said to excrete s mu* t ! ,arabs eat x ) _! bread l honey4 ,buckton1 ,brit4 ,aphides1 ,vol4 ,i41 p4 #db4 ,!re is e reason to believe t ! honeydew ( ,coccidid is ( simil> "* to t ( ! ,aphidid1 &1 accord+ to analyses by ,b\ss+ault1 ( ,p>is1 & ,gunn+1 ( ,am/]dam 7,buckton1 ,brit4 ,aphides1 ,vol4 ,i41 pp4 #db1 #dc71 ! ,aphidian honeydew conta9s a v l>ge quantity ( sug>1 &1 curi\sly en\gh1 cane-sug>4 ,"s obs]v]s1 notic+ 9 its composition also glucose & dextr9e1 h consid]$ x z ( vegetable r ?an animal orig92 b ! weight ( evid5ce appe>s to make x c]ta9ly ! product ( ! ,aphides4 ,z ! pres5t "w is int5d$ r z a manual = g>d5]s & tree-gr[]s ?an z a purely sci5tific publication1 !re is no ne$ to ent] m fully into ! subject "h3 x may !re=e be simply /at$ t ! honeydew ( ,coccidid probably conta9s a l>ge proportion ( sug> 9 v>i\s =ms4 ,! mode 9 :i* ?is sub/ance is excret$ by ! insects diff]s some:at f t ( ! ,aphidid4 ,on ! abdom5 ( ,aphis are se5 two erect m or less prom95t tubes1 call$ cornicles or nect>ies1 & x is ! function ( ^! to excrete ! honeydew4,f ,no ,european entomologi/ has1 x is believ$1 se5 or describ$ ! organ ( honeydew-excretion 9 ! ,coccidid4 ,"s obs]vations by ! au?or ( ?is "w 9 #ahhf demon/rate its exi/5ce z a cyl9drical tube exs]t$ f ! anog5ital orifice aft] ! mann] ( a telescope1 ! fur!/-ext5d$ tube be+ ! mo/ sl5d]4 ,?is organ1 extremely difficult ( detection :5 n 9 use--except 9 ! s+le g5us ,clo/oma--is at int]vals pu%$ out to its full ext5t1 & at its fur!r extremity !re appe>s a m9ute globule ( yell[i%1 ne>ly transp>5t1 glut9\s fluid1 :i* rapidly exp&s l a soap-bubble1 & !n1 sudd5ly break+1 falls 9 spray on ! leaf b5ea?4 ,9 ! second /age ( ! female ( ,clo/oma zl&icum ?is organ may be detect$ m easily ?an 9 any o!r ,coccid2 b ! act ( protrusion ( ! organ & ! =mation ( ! drop ( honeydew are app>5tly by no means frequ5t1 & _m long obs]vations may be made )\t witness+ ei!r4,g 7,! organ & ! honeydew-drop are %[n 9 ,plate xxii47 ,f ,! fluid also em]ges f ! anal orifice2 b1 seem+ly1 no m5tion is made by any obs]v] ( any special honeydew-organ protrud+ f ! anus ( ,aphis4 ,g ,mr4 ,com/ock 7,report on ,insects1 ,u4,s4 ,dept4 ( ,agric41 #ahha1 p4 #bb7 /ates t on g5tly rubb+ a ,dactylopius two small drops ( fluid1 :i* he consid]s to be honeydew1 c be se5 to em]ge f orifices on ! dorsal side ( ! six? abdom9al segm5t2 b he m5tions no special organ 9 ! body4 ,! exp]im5t has be5 tri$ on ,dactylopius 9 ?is c\ntry )\t success4 ,= ! purposes ( ?is "w fur!r details z to ! production ( honeydew are n necess>y4 ,b z to its effect on plants x is requisite to be m p>ticul>1 & ! att5tion ( tree-gr[]s & g>d5]s is specially direct$ to ! foll[+ po9ts4 ,x has be5 said above t :5 ! bubble ( honeydew has be5 exp&$ to its full size x breaks into spray4 ,n[1 z a g5]al rule1 ,coccids are f\nd almo/ exclusively on ! "u sides ( leaves 7:5 n on ! b>k74 ,"s1 z ,lecanium hesp]idum & a few o!rs1 may be se5 on ! upp] side2 b ! g5]al rule is z "h /at$4 ,x foll[s t ! spray ( honeydew f ! bur/ bubble falls1 n on ! leaf :]e ! insect is1 b on ! upp] sides ( ! leaves bel[ x4 ,^! upp] surfaces1 be+ m expos$ to light & air ?an ! l[] ones1 are usually des]t$ n only by ! ,coccids b by o!r insects also1 & s !re is n mu* *ance t ! honeydew spray s fall+ w be di/urb$4 ,x consequ5tly rapidly accumulates & =ms a coat+ on ! leaf :]e x re/s4 ,f ?is result two ?+s1 or1 r1 ! same injuri\s effect on ! plant is produc$ 9 two ways4 ,fir/1 ! honeydew itself1 be+1 z /at$1 ( a glut9\s nature1 t5ds to /op up & *oke ! /omata 7or1 9 pla9 ,engli%1 ! brea?+-orifices ( ! leaves7 & s ret>d ! gr[? ( ! tree4 ,secondly1 ! honeydew1 be+ ( a sac*>9e nature1 is especially attractive to fungoid gr[?s1 & ^! fungi1 rapidly increas+1 t5d /ill m to *oke ! leaves & hamp] ! prop] functions ( ! tree4 ,! second ( ^! is ! mo/ important1 =1 app>5tly1 ! honeydew is sc>cely deposit$ be=e x becomes ! receptacle = fungus-spores1 & ^! gr[ ) great rapidity4 ,z a g5]al rule1 9 ,new ,zeal&1 ^! fungi appe> to be mo/ly ( ! same family--! ,physomycetes1 & !y are ( a black or v d>k br[n col\r4 ,f ! fact above /at$1 t ! honeydew falls f ! insects ^u leaves b5ea? !m1 ! l[] leaves ( a plant are m cov]$ ) x ?an ! upp] ones3 ^! black fungi consequ5tly discol\r *iefly ! l[] leaves & bran*es2 (t5 ! upp]mo/ bran*es are ne>ly free f !m4 ,b ! effect produc$ on ! tree is n only unsightly1 f ! sooty blackness1 b also injuri\s1 f ! *ok+-up ( ! /omata bo? by ! honeydew & ! fungus4 ,z = ornam5tal plants1 :e!r "u glass or 9 ! op5 air1 ! black coat+ is q suffici5t to spoil !m4 ,^! fungi are ( v>i\s species1 & specim5s are giv5 "h 9 ,plate xxii43 on ! leaves !y =m usually a h>d1 ?91 black coat2 :ile on ! twigs & /em !y are ( a loos] texture1 =m+ masses ( m9ute erect ?reads4 ,!y are n conf9$ to ,new ,zeal&1 & mo/ writ]s on ,coccidid 9 ,europe & else:]e m5tion !m1 ?\gh only casually4 ,!y are1 9 fact1 app>5tly1 only ! usual gr[?s appe>+ on any decompos+ sub/ance1 su* z ! honeydew is4 ,g>d5]s & tree-gr[]s ought to cle>ly und]/& t ! appe>ance on _! plants ( ?is black sooty cov]+ is almo/ always an indication ( ! pres5ce ( "s ,homopt]\s insects4 ,9 ,new ,zeal&1 on acc\nt ( ! great] preval5ce ( ,coccidid1 ! insects w mo/ probably be ,coccids2 b by no means necess>ily s1 = _m ,aphidid1 ,psyllid1 & ,aleurodid produce ! same effects4 ,?is is by no means z well und]/ood z x %\ld be1 ei!r by g>d5]s !mselves or by ^? :o write on trees & plant+4 ,! fungus gr[? is usually imag9$ to be 9 itself a disease ( ! plant1 & ef=ts are made = its treatm5t )\t reg>d to its real orig91 ! insects on ! leaves or b>k4 ,"u ! names ( smut1 black blight1 c41 x is (t5 ref]r$ to z a de/ructive pe/2 & rem$ies are sugge/$ :i* c1 ( c\rse1 h no p]man5t effect unless !y are equally efficaci\s aga9/ ! insect produc+ ! honeydew4 ,x is probably f ?is cause t sulphur1 :i* is an excell5t rem$y aga9/ fungus1 has be5 s great a fav\rite ) ^? :o pret5d to h discov]$ :at are call$ scaly-blight de/roy]s2 & g>d5]s1 see+1 p]haps1 ^! no/rums clean "s ( ! fungus f _! trees1 are "u ! false impression t ! scale is also cle>$ away4 ,! tru? is1 t ! real rem$y aga9/ black blight is to kill ! insects on ^: excreta x fl\ri%es1 if t c be done4 ,z to ! modes ( do+ ?is see ,*apt] ,v4 ,x is n1 ( c\rse1 pret5d$ "h t fungi ( diff]5t k9ds1 & ev5 ^? specially ref]r$ to1 w n gr[ indep5d5tly ( insects & honeydew2 & trees are1 und\bt$ly1 subject to fungoid diseases :i* are n to be trac$ to any animal action4 ,/ill1 ! rule holds good2 & ! fir/ ef=t ( a g>d5] on ! appe>ance ( black blight on 8 plants %\ld be to discov] ! insects on its leaves or b>k1 & deal directly ) !m4 ,once !y are de/roy$ ! fungus gr[? w 9 a %ort "t disappe>4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,*ecks ,,to ,,increase ,,( ,,coccidid1 ,,p>asites1 ,,etc4 ,! ,coccidid1 l all ,homopt]a1 produce great numb]s ( "y2 b _! increase does n appe> to be z rapid z t ( "s o!r families4 ,! numb]s ( "s ,aphidid or ,aleurodid produc$ f a s+le female 9 ! c\rse ( a s+le ye> h be5 calculat$ at hundr$s ( ?\s&s1 if n millions2 & z _m z elev5 g5]ations h be5 produc$ 9 little ov] half a ye>4 ,coccids1 h[ev]1 z a rule1 d n propagate at ?is al>m+ rate4 ,_m1 if n ! great majority ( !m1 produce 9 ?is c\ntry b "o g5]ation 9 ! ye>1 e4g41 ,mytilaspis pomorum1 ,clo/oma zl&icum1 c4 ,o!rs1 su* z ,ic]ya pur*asi1 bre$ m (t52 & probably climate has a good deal to d ) ! frequ5cy1 = ,mr4 ,com/ock says t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,mytilaspis pomorum bre$s once a ye> 9 ! ,nor? & twice 9 ! ,s\?4 ,9 po9t ( fact1 x does n seem possible to lay d[n any rule on ! subject4 ,un=tunately1 ,ic]ya is n only a frequ5t bre$]1 b also ! mo/ de/ructive insect ( ! family 9 ,new ,zeal&4 ,! numb] ( "y produc$ by ea* female seems also to v>y4 ,! au?or has c\nt$ f #cj to #hj eggs 9 ! pup>ium ( ,mytilaspis pomorum2 z _m z #cej 9 ! ovisac ( ,ic]ya pur*asi1 & ab\t ! same numb] ( ,clo/oma zl&icum3 & a female ( ,lecanium hesp]idum exam9$ 9 spr+ conta9$ #ic embryos4 ,^! figures d n d5ote any rem>kable f]tility2 b1 z 9 ! majority ( cases males are b seldom met )1 sometimes ev5 entirely unkn[n 7e4g41 ,lecanium hesp]idum71 x foll[s t ne>ly e insect is capable ( propagation1 & ! increase 9 numb]s is !re=e m rapid ?an might be anticipat$ o!rwise4 ,h[ ! females 9 ! species app>5tly de/itute ( males are enabl$ to produce "y is p]haps "o ( ! mo/ my/]i\s ?+s 9 ,nature4 ,! male ( ,mytilaspis pomorum has nev] be5 f\nd 9 ,new ,zeal& or ,europe1 & d\btfully 9 ,am]ica4 ,lecanium hesp]idum has be5 kn[n & /udi$ = ne>ly two hundr$ ye>s )\t any male1 pupa or adult1 be+ discov]$4 ,yet bo? ( ^! species g on increas+ regul>ly & 9 great numb]s1 & %[ no signs ( ext9ction4 ,9 spite ( ?is abs5ce ( males 9 "s cases1 & ( ! comp>atively small numb]s ( eggs1 ,coccids w\ld naturally increase at an exce$+ly rapid rate if left undi/urb$1 on acc\nt ( ! great proportion ( females4 ,!y are1 moreov]1 protect$1 to a great ext5t--,fir/1 by ! fact t birds d n1 z a rule1 c>e to eat !m4 ,! blight-bird or :ite-eye1 ,zo/]ops lat]alis1 has be5 notic$ 9 ?is c\ntry peck+ ab\t 9 holly-h$ges infe/$ by ,lecanium hesp]idum2 b x is n absolutely c]ta9 :e!r x 0 eat+ ! ,coccids or ! o!r m easily pick$-(f insects on ! plant1 su* z ,psocus1 :i* is v commonly obs]v$ among ,coccids4 ,& o!r birds seem n to dev\r !m at all4 ,secondly1 ! usual position ( ^! insects1 on ! "u side ( ! leaves1 or 9 ! crevices ( b>k1 is a great %elt] & protection = !m aga9/ birds or ord9>y accid5ts4 ,aga91 !y are 9 _m cases effectually cov]$ by ! waxy or fibr\s %ields1 or by ! masses ( cotton ) :i* !y surr\nd !mselves4 ,9 c\ntries l ! ,s\? ( ,france1 ,cali=nia1 or ! great] "p ( ,new ,zeal&1 ! w9t]s d n appe> to be suffici5tly sev]e to injure ,coccids1 & _m ( !m bre$ z mu* 9 w9t] z !y d 9 summ]4 ,x w\ld !re=e seem t ev]y?+ comb9es to assi/ ^! insects 9 _! c>e]1 & 9 _! propagation4 ,nature1 h[ev]1 has provid$ a *eck :i* is to "s ext5t effective1 at lea/ aga9/ sev]al species1 al?\gh1 unhappily1 aga9/ "s ( ! mo/ noxi\s--su* z ,mytilaspis pomorum1 ! ,dactylopii 7mealy bugs71 ,ic]ya pur*asi1 c4--x is n en]getic 9 ?is c\ntry2 & ?is rem$y is ! attacks ( o!r m9ute animals1 :e!r by direct dev\r+ ( ! ,coccids or by p>asitism4 ,direct attacks f animal enemies are n frequ5t4 ,:e!r f "s inh]5t di/a/efulness1 or f ! difficulty ( gett+ at !m1 ,coccids are sc>cely subject to be+ directly dev\r$4 ,!re are a few exceptions4 ,"u ! pup>ia ( ,mytilaspis pomorum a m9ute :ite ,ac>us 7mite7 may (t5 be f\nd1 & x is noticeable t :]e x ab\nds ! eggs ( ! ,coccid are (t5 %rivell$ or empty4 ,x is n improbable t ?is ,ac>us may fe$ on ! eggs4 ,x appe>s to belong to ! g5us ,tyroglyphus1 a mite :i* is n usually c>nivor\s2 b ,mr4 ,a4 ,mi*ael1 an au?ority on mites1 seems to be unc]ta9 :e!r ,tyroglyphus may n make a meal ( ! ,coccid4,h ,no o!rs among/ ! ,diaspid9 appe> to be directly attack$1 nor any ( ! ,lecanid92 b among/ a numb] ( ,dactylopius glaucus on a leaf !re may (t5 be se5 a m9ute cat]pill>1 app>5tly cov]$ ) _m tufts ( hair4 ,?is is ! l>va ( ! common ladybird 7,cocc9ella71 a beetle :i*1 9 bo? ! l>val & p]fect /ates1 fe$s on ,aphides1 ,coccids1 & o!r insects4 ,! l>va may sometimes be se5 hold+ a ,dactylopius 9 its p[]ful jaws & dev\r+ x4 ,ano!r l>va1 smoo? & )\t hairs1 p]=ms ! same functions--x is ! "y ( a small dipt]\s fly1 app>5tly "o ( ! ,syrphid1 insects also pr$atory2 b ?is seems to be r>e4 ,9 ,am]ica1 simil> l>v are said to fe$ ^u ! black scale 7,lecanium ole74 ,9 ?is c\ntry1 z f> z is yet kn[n1 ,lecanid are n directly attack$ by ! ladybirds4 ,h ,qu>t4 ,j\rn4 ,royal ,micros4 ,soc41 ,feb41 #ahhe4 ,b ?is direct w>f>e by o!r animals is ( small consequ5ce4 ,a m important *eck on ! increase ( _m ,coccids is af=d$ by ! indirect action ( m9ute hym5opt]\s insects1 :i* make use ( !m z receptacles = _! eggs4 ,?is plan is adopt$ by sev]al ,hym5opt]a1 ( ! families ,*alcidid1 ,i*neumonid1 ,proctotrupid1 c4 ,!y d n dev\r _! prey2 !y all[ x to live t !y may live on x4 ,by means ( _! long ovipositor !y pi]ce its body1 & deposit 9 x an egg4 ,z ! victim gr[s ! egg matures1 *anges into a l>va1 & /ill rema9s 9 ! body ( ! ,coccid2 *anges aga9 into a pupa1 & by ?is "t ! ,coccid is at lib]ty to die1 = ! p>asite has no fur!r use = x except z a %elt]2 !n1 :5 ! prop] "t arrives1 ! p]fect fly em]ges & dep>ts4 ,all ,coccids are by no means equally subject to ?is sy/em4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,l4 ,o4 ,h[>d1,i p>asites are f\nd 9 ne>ly all g5]a--,diaspid91 ,lecanid91 or ,coccid94 ,9 ?is c\ntry1 z f> z obs]vation %[s at pres5t1 ! ,lecanid9 are ! mo/ liable to attack1 "s ( ! ,diaspid9 next1 & ! ,coccid9 lea/ ( all4 ,mytilaspis pomorum1 s hurtful to apple-trees1 does n seem to be attack$4 ,ic]ya pur*asi1 ! wor/ species ( all1 has n yet furni%$ a s+le p>asitic fly4 ,a few specim5s ( ,dactylopius glaucus conta9 p>asites2 a good _m ( ,fior9ia a/eli & ,f4 /ricta2 :ile ,ct5o*iton p]=atus & ,c4 viridis appe> to be ! fav\rite victims1 z sometimes sc>cely any specim5s on a plant c be exam9$ :i* d n conta9 ei!r a l>va or a pupa ( a p>asite4 ,x is to be obs]v$ t 9 no case is m ?an "o p>asite to be f\nd 9 a ,coccid4 ,i ,report ( ! ,entomologi/1 ,u4,s4 ,dep4 ( ,agric41 #ahhj1 pp4 #cej-cga4 ,un=tunately1 al?\gh ?is provision ( ,nature mu/ h a v consid]able effect 9 prev5t+ ! increase ( ,coccidid1 x is subject to two drawbacks4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 z j obs]v$1 "s ( ! mo/ injuri\s pe/s appe> to be unaffect$ by x4 ,probably1 up to ! pres5t "t ! wor/ plant-enemies,j 9 ,new ,zeal& h be5 ,mytilaspis pomorum1 ,aspidiotus cocc9eus1 ,aspidiotus camelli1 ,lecanium hesp]idum1 ,lecanium ole1 ,lecanium hemisphricum1 ,pulv9>ia camellicola1 & ,ic]ya pur*asi4 ,"h ref]5ce is made n s mu* to insects :i* r5d] plants unsightly z to ^? :i* s]i\sly injure its gr[?3 _m o!rs1 su* z ,fior9ia a/eli or ,ct5o*iton viridis are ugly en\gh1 b h n be5 de/ructive4 ,( ! injuri\s species above nam$ none1 app>5tly1 are tr\bl$ 9 ?is c\ntry by p>asitic insects up to ! pres5t "t1 at lea/ to any appreciable ext5t4 ,j ,speak+ ( ,coccids only2 ,k]maphis p9i is equally1 if n m1 de/ructive4 ,a sket* ( ,ct5o*iton enclos+ a p>asitic pupa1 & ( ! p]fect fly1 w be f\nd 9 ,plate xxiii4 ,9 a "w l ?is ! g5]ic & specific *>act]s ( ^! p>asites ne$ n be giv53 !y d n seem to diff] mu* f hym5opt]\s & dipt]\s insects ( o!r c\ntries4 ,ano!r mode by :i* ! too rapid increase ( ,coccids is *eck$ is by ! attacks ( vegetable p>asites--fungoid gr[?s :i* p]meate ! :ole body ( ! insect1 & soon kill x4 ,z f> z exp]i5ce 9 ,new ,zeal& ext5ds z yet ! g5]a ,ct5o*iton1 ,lecanium1 & probably ,erio*iton are ! only ones s attack$4 ,on c]ta9 plants 9 ! =e/s1 notably ,h$yc>ya & ,coprosma1 circul> spots may be commonly f\nd on ! "u side ( ! leaves3 "s d>k-br[n1 some:at convex1 "s bright yell[ & (t5 q globul>4 ,9 spr+1 exam9ation ( a "y l>va ( ,ct5o*iton viridis--a species v common on ! above plants--w frequ5tly %[1 ei!r )9 ! insect1 or on its waxy te/1 or betwe5 ! te/ & ! insect1 m9ute specks1 :i* "u a high p[] ( ! microscope1 prove to resemble ! filam5ts compos+ ! br[n or ! yell[ spots j m5tion$4 ,on turn+ ov] "o ( ! br[n fungi1 or on pull+ x to pieces1 ! dead body ( a "y ,ct5o*iton or ,lecanium l>va w always be f\nd 9 ! middle4 ,app>5tly ?is br[n fungus does n attack any b "y l>v2 b ! bright yell[ fungus w be f\nd fill+ ! bodies also ( ! females 9 ! second /age1 & ! globul> portion ( ! fungus w /& out above !m4 ,^! fungi are n ( ! same g5us z ,empusa1 ! fungus :i* s frequ5tly kills ! h\se-fly2 b !y seem to act 9 mu* ! same way )9 ! insect4 ,probably a good _m ( ! ,lecanodiaspid are prey$ on & de/roy$ by ^! fungoid p>asites1 ( :i* figures are giv5 9 ,plate xxiii4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,rem$ies ,,aga9/ ,,coccidid4 ,_m p are "u ! impression t scale-insects out-(-doors are n ( mu* consequ5ce4 ,!y are aw>e t 9 gre5h\ses & ho?\ses ^! insects are a tr\ble to g>d5]s1 & t !y probably injure fl[]+ or fruit-be>+ plants 9 su* situations4 ,b !y imag9e t 9 ! op5 air1 & on l>ge well-gr[n trees1 ,coccids d no v great h>m2 or1 if ! trees are = a "t injur$1 t recov]y & heal? w come be=e long1 & ! pe/ w disappe>4 ,?is is n ! place 9 :i* to controv]t ?is or any o!r op9ion4 ,a "w pr(ess$ly deal+ ) facts %\ld be z free z possible f controv]sial discussion4 ,:atev]1 !re=e1 may be ! gr\nds ( ! op9ion j /at$1 or ! reasons = reject+ x1 x w be suffici5t "h to say t !re seems to be no?+ to lead to ! belief t ,new ,zeal& is likely to be diff]5t f o!r c\ntries 9 ?is respect4 ,to in/itute a comp>ison1 x w\ld be manife/ly absurd to include su* c\ntries z ,engl&1 or ,g]many1 or1 on ! o!r h&1 ,india1 or ,c5tral ,am]ica1 or ,nor? ,au/ralia--,fir/ly1 because 9 ! great] "p1 or at lea/ 9 ! nor!rn p>ts1 ( ,europe ! w9t]s are mu* m sev]e ?an 9 ,new ,zeal&1 & almo/ c]ta9ly ! great cold is injuri\s to su* insects z ,coccids4 ,secondly1 because 9 tropical c\ntries x seems t ! too great heat is equally obnoxi\s to !m2 &1 ) ! exception ( a few species1 tropical ,coccids are comp>atively h>mless4 ,b x is to ! w>m] temp]ate or ! subtropical regions t we mu/ look = comp>ison--regions :]e !re is nei!r too scor*+ a summ] nor too ice-b\nd a w9t]4 ,&1 = ?is purpose1 we h only to take su* l&s z ,cali=nia1 ,florida1 ! ,s\? ( ,france or ,nor!rn ,italy1 ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 ! s\!rn regions ( ,au/ralia1 c4 ,! exp]i5ce ( ^! is1 t "s species ( ,coccids d injure1 9 e way1 :e!r z reg>ds ornam5tal or comm]cial value1 a numb] ( trees & plants on :i* ! p ( ! c\ntry dep5d l>gely = subsi/5ce or pr(it4 ,9 ! ,s\? ( ,france ! olive indu/ry has be5 9 "s ye>s greatly cut d[n4 ,9 ,florida1 ,cali=nia1 ,au/ralia1 ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 oranges & apples h be5 s damag$ t ! value ( an or*>d or a grove has be5 r$uc$ sometimes by #hj p] c5t4 ,x may be said1 moreov]1 t ev5 9 tropical c\ntries ! attacks ( scale-insects are (t5 mo/ damag+3 9 ,mauritius ! sug>-cane & 9 ,ceylon ! c(fee plantations h suff]$ f _! ravages4 ,! exp]i5ce ( ,am]ican fruit-gr[]s is c]ta9ly n to be despis$1 & ! fact t bo? 9 ,cali=nia & ,florida ! p /ra9 e n]ve to get rid ( ! insect pe/s on op5-air trees w\ld seem to be di/9ctly aga9/ ! notion t ^! little enemies c be neglect$ ) impunity4 ,nor1 inde$1 c x be said t 9 ,new ,zeal& itself ! attacks ( scale-insects out-(-doors are h>mless4 ,apple or*>ds ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry be> evid5ce to ! contr>y3 lemon-groves c be se5 ab\t ,auckl& :]e1 in/ead ( ! ?\s&s ( fruit =m]ly gr[n1 a few /unt$ lemons are all t ! )]$ trees af=d2 & nobody c glance r\nd ! plantations at ,nelson or ,napi] )\t recogniz+ ! deva/at+ p[]s ( a scale-insect 7,ic]ya74 ,! op9ion t ,coccids are n likely to d mu* h>m 9 ! op5 air is !re=e sc>cely t5able1 & x w be ( use to inquire :at rem$ies c be provid$ aga9/ !m4 ,!re is a po9t1 h[ev]1 to be not$ at ! outset1 & x is1 t 9 reality !re is n1 z f> z is yet kn[n1 any c]ta9 rem$y aga9/ scale-insects4 ,n t +5uity & exp]im5t h n succe$$ 9 inv5t+ plans & sub/ances q effici5t 9 kill+ ! insects :5 appli$ to !m4 ,x is easy en\gh to kill an insect :5 y c get at x1 9 mo/ cases2 b ! problem 9 ?is in/ance is n only to kill individual insects1 b to d m4 ,:at is want$ is to get rid ( :ole communities ( !m1 &1 at ! same "t1 to prev5t _! eggs f hat*+ & a new brood com+ =?4 ,_m ( ^? :o pr(ess to "k all ab\t de/roy+ scale--especially if !y belong to t class :i* prides itself ^u be+ practical m5--be+ g5]ally q ignorant ( ! habits & life-hi/ory ( ! insects1 are satisfi$ :5 !y h tri$ "s rule-(-?umb plan :i* seems to kill mo/ ( ! adult insects1 n dream+ t !y h left ! eggs unh>m$ & ready to s5d =? a fre% sw>m at hat*+-"t4 ,!re is ano!r ob/acle :i* (t5 prev5ts success 9 eradicat+ scale4 ,?is is ! difficulty ( mak+ sure ( ! effects ( any rem$y4 ,a plan :i* has answ]$ well 9 "o place w fail 9 ano!r1 & ?is1 n only z reg>ds diff]5t c\ntries1 b ev5 9 ! same di/rict = neighb\r+ g>d5s1 or ev5 = neighb\r+ trees 9 ! same g>d54 ,tree-gr[]s mu/ be prep>$ to f9d ! v same rem$y :i* has cle>$ _! neighb\rs' trees fail = _! own2 & 9 ?is c\ntry ! au?or has se51 9 "o & ! same or*>d1 "s trees q cle>$1 :ile on o!rs1 treat$ 9 exactly a simil> mann]1 ! scale 0 sc>cely injur$4 ,x is f want ( k ( ?is & ! l po9ts t p]sons :o h tri$ v>i\s rem$ies recomm5d$ to !m h compla9$ ( failure1 & condemn$ bo? ! rem$y & _! advis]1 :il/ really nei!r 0 9 fault4 ,no?+ ne$ be said "h ( c>elessness or unskilfulness 9 apply+ a rem$y1 beyond ! foll[+ in/ance3 ,a p]son ^: apple-trees 7 be+ v mu* damag$ by ,mytilaspis pomorum 0 advis$ to apply1 by way ( pa9t+ ! trunks & bran*es1 a mixture ( k]os5e & "s o!r +r$i5t4 ,9 two or ?ree mon?s he f\nd viol5t fault ) 8 advis]1 = he said e tree 0 dead or dy+4 ,on inquiry x 0 f\nd t1 f ov]-zeal or want ( k1 he _h appli$ ! mixture z if pa9t+ a h\se1 _h us$ x mu* too /rong1 &1 to make assurance d\bly sure1 _h giv5 8 trees two good coats ( ! oil4 ,an intellig5t appreciation ( ! life-hi/ory & habits ( scale-insects is necess>y to enable any "o to select & apply1 ) a probability ( success1 a rem$y1 & ! details giv5 9 ,*apt] ,i4 ( ?is "w w be f\nd useful = ?is purpose4 ,x w be app>5t f !m t1 )\t reg>d+ ! g5]ic or specific *>act]s ( ^! insects1 we may lay d[n a few g5]al pr9ciples to />t )1 ?us3-- ,i4 ,:atev] damage is done is effect$ by ! suck+ ( ! juices ( ! plant ?r\gh ! ro/rum ( ! insect4 ,x foll[s f ?is t applications ( any fluid to ! tree ext]nally1 ) ! object ( poison+ ! insects 9 _! fe$+1 w\ld be useless1 z _! food is drawn f b5ea? ! surface4 ,,ii4 ,neglect+ entomological di/9ctions1 we may divide ! ,coccidid1 r\ghly1 into-- 7a47 ,insects attack+ decidu\s plants2 7b47 ,insects attack+ ev]gre5 plants2 or1 aga91 7c47 ,insects liv+ usually on ! b>k2 7d47 ,insects liv+ usually on ! leaves2 7e47 ,insects liv+ on bo? b>k & leaves2 or1 la/ly1 7f47 ,insects cov]$ ) h>d %ields or scales2 7g47 ,insects cov]$ ) cotton2 7h47 ,insects nak$4 ,x w be cle> t a diff]5t me?od w be requir$ = de/roy+ ^! diff]5t classes2 b any "o insect w belong to m ?an "o class4 ,?us ,mytilaspis pomorum1 ! apple-scale1 belongs to 7a71 7c71 & 7f71 & inde$ may be plac$ also 9 7b71 z su* plants z haw?orns1 :i* x attacks1 are z bad z ev]gre5s 9 ! difficulty ( rea*+ ! insect on !m2 or1 ,lecanium hesp]idum is 9 7a71 7d71 & 7h72 ,lecanium ole 9 7a71 7b71 7e71 & 7h74 ,z f> z reg>ds ! injuri\s species ( ,coccids x may usually be tak5 = grant$ t ^? infe/+ decidu\s plants 7class a7 live *iefly on ! b>k 7class c71 & are ei!r nak$ 7class h7 or cov]$ ) a h>d scale 7class f74 ,if nak$ !y are *iefly ,lecanium2 if cov]$1 ei!r ,mytilaspis1 ,aspidiotus or ,diaspis4 ,ic]ya is exceptional1 be+ omnivor\s1 fe$+ equally on b>k or leaves1 decidu\s or ev]gre5 plants2 x belongs to e class except 7f74 ,e me?od ( de/ruction has !re=e to be resort$ to aga9/ x4 ,! treatm5t ( a decidu\s plant infe/$ by ,coccids is simple z to its me?od4 ,= two reasons ! dead w9t]-"t mu/ be *os5 = x--fir/1 because1 ! leaves be+ (f1 ! :ole plant c be easily got at2 secondly1 because ! eggs ( ! insect h n yet be5 hat*$1 & ! :ole brood c be de/roy$ at once4 ,! fir/ op]ation %\ld be ! prun+ ( ! tree1 s z to r$uce ! lab\r requir$ to a m9imum4 ,a bru%+ ov] all ! trunk & bran*es ) a good h>d /iff bru% & "o ( ! liquid rem$ies giv5 bel[ is !n (t5 successful4 ,bru%+ ) a dry bru% is adopt$ by "s p]sons2 b1 al?\gh ?is d\btless cle>s away a good _m insects & scales1 & may d ! tree itself "s good by clean+ (f fungus-gr[?s & incru/ations1 yet x necess>ily fails to de/roy all ! eggs1 & 9 consequ5ce ! "w is only half done4 ,any "o :o wi%es to extirpate ,coccids mu/ make c]ta9 t he has de/roy$ ! eggs--a fact :i* is q ignor$ by numb]s ( ^? :o glibly talk ( _! own success1 & blame ! advice ( o!rs4 ,! object be+1 !re=e1 tw(old1 ! op]ation %\ld be p]=m$ ) a h>d1 /iff bru% dipp$ 9 "o ( ! fluids recomm5d$ bel[2 & c>e %\ld be tak5 t !re is no "p ( ! trunk or bran*es escap+ unt\*$4 ,9 fact1 :at %\ld be aim$ at is a k9d ( pa9t+ ( ! tree1 b ) a ?9 coat+ ( ! fluid1 s z to close ! pores z little z may be2 :ile at ! same "t ! bru% cle>s away z _m z possible ( ! scales & _! enclos$ broods ( insects & eggs4 ,be>+ 9 m9d :at has be5 said j n[ ( ! want ( c]ta9ty 9 any rem$y :atsoev]1 ! tree-gr[] :o foll[s ^! directions w mo/ likely f9d 8 "w successful & 8 decidu\s plants clean$ ( scale on ! b>k4 ,a second me?od may be adopt$--namely1 ! pa9t+-ov] ( ! trunk & bran*es1 )\t attempt+ to =cibly deta* any scales ) ! bru%4 ,?is1 prop]ly p]=m$ & ) prop] fluids1 is likely to be j z efficaci\s z ! o!r1 = ! fluid %\ld run 9 "u ! scales1 surr\nd ! eggs1 & prev5t !m f hat*+4 ,x gives less tr\ble ?an ! h>d bru%+1 & is equally de/ructive to ! ,coccids4 ,x has1 h[ev]1 ( c\rse1 n ! same clean+ effect ^u fungoid gr[?s or incru/ations imp$+ ! free respiration ( ! plant4 ,= decidu\s trees1 !n1 su* z apple- or pe>-trees 9 an or*>d1 ! simple rem$y is sev]e prun+ at ! dead ( w9t]1 & ! coat+ ( ! trees ) a de/ructive fluid1 laid on ) a bru% on e "p1 pref]ably ) a h>d bru% vigor\sly us$1 b leav+ a ?9 coat ( ! fluid on ! b>k4 ,x mu/ be ?or\ghly und]/ood t1 a week or two aft] ! fir/ application1 ! scales left on ! tree %\ld be exam9$1 &1 if ! eggs are n kill$1 a second coat+ ( ! fluid %\ld be appli$4 ,! treatm5t ( ev]gre5 plants1 or ( plants :i* are attack$ bo? on ! b>k & leaves1 is really ! same z ! above z reg>ds its object1 b x necess>ily diff]s 9 its me?od4 ,"h1 aga91 x is desir$ n only to kill ! insects !mselves1 b also to devitalize ! eggs2 b 9 ?is case ! "w is mu* h>d]1 = ! eggs are especially difficult to rea*4 ,/ill1 !re is ?is advantage3 t 9 deal+ ) ev]gre5s ! season ( ! ye> ne$ n be specially /udi$1 &1 9 default ( t\*+ ! eggs1 "o may get at ! "y l>v4 ,! rem$y is aga9 a fluid1 b x mu/ be appli$ 9 ! =m ( spray4 ,coccids are sometimes f\nd on ! upp] surfaces ( leaves1 b z a rule !y affect ! l[] sides4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 r5d]s x mu* m difficult to get at !m2 & ! ord9>y rose ( a g>d5 syr+e w\ld n1 z a g5]al ?+1 di/ribute ! fluid 9 a suffici5tly-f9e =m4 ,! f9] ! spray & ! m x is =c$ into e corn] & nook ( ! plant ! bett]4 ,v>i\s =ce-pumps & spray-?r[]s h be5 inv5t$ = ?is purpose 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 b probably tree-gr[]s 9 ?is c\ntry ne$ only procure ! f9e/ possible rose = _! syr+es1 & use !m 9 ! ord9>y way4 ,! fluid %\ld be ?r[n z ?or\ghly z possible on all p>ts ( ! plant1 e c>e be+ tak5 to direct x mo/ fully aga9/ ! "u sides ( ! leaves4 ,! "w1 !n1 to be done is 9 itself simple en\gh4 ,a de/ructive fluid mu/ be select$ & appli$ accord+ to ! "* ( ! insect & its position on ! tree4 ,= cov]$ or nak$ insects on ! b>k1 apply x ) a h>d1 /iff bru%2 = cov]$ or nak$ insects on ! leaves1 apply x 9 ! =m ( ! f9e/ spray ?or\ghly =c$ z mu* z possible into e nook & cranny1 & especially aga9/ ! "u side ( ! leaves4 ,! "q1 ,:at is ! be/ fluid to use8 is m complicat$4 ,_m answ]s h be5 giv5 to x3 _m fluids h be5 /rongly recomm5d$ by diff]5t p4 ,x mu/ be well rememb]$ t1 z /at$ above1 a sure & sov]eign rem$y has yet to be discov]$1 & failure may att5d ev5 ! be/ sugge/$ at pres5t4 ,be>+ ?is 9 m9d1 tree-gr[]s w f9d 9 ! foll[+ li/ ! result ( ! exp]i5ce ( a numb] ( obs]v]s1 :i* may s]ve z a useful guide4 ,x does n pr(ess to be m ?an a summ>y1 compil$ f ! rese>*es ( entomologi/s su* z ,mr4 ,com/ock1 ,pr(essor ,riley1 ,mr4 ,hubb>d2 f sugge/ions by g>d5]s & o!rs1 embodi$ 9 v>i\s p>liam5t>y & private docum5ts2 & f actual obs]vation & exp]im5t 9 ?is c\ntry3 b x is believ$ t ! in=mation "h giv5 may be accept$ & reli$ on4 ,"s ( ! sub/ances "h giv5 are manife/ly unsuitable = g5]al use on acc\nt ( _! exp5se1 at any rate 9 ! op5 air4 ,yet x is well to include !m1 z !y are all sugge/$ 9 "s "w or o!r1 or 9 ! replies ( g>d5]s & fruit-gr[]s to p>liam5t>y inquiries2 & ! objections to !m ought also to be kn[n3-- #a4 ,alcohol4 ,w c]ta9ly kill any individual insect2 b spray$ ov] scale-insects produc$ no app>5t effect 7,com/ock74 #b4 ,ammonia4 ,:e!r us$ pure 7dilut$7 or 9 ur9e1 damages ! plants mu* m ?an x does ! insects 7,hubb>d2 ,com/ock74 #c4 ,a%es4 ,p[d]$1 or mix$ ) lime1 salt1 soot1 c4 ,( no value :atev] 7,hubb>d2 ,p]sonal exp]im5t74 #d4 ,c>bolic acid4 ,( no avail1 ei!r z spray or bru%$ on1 unless us$ 9 su* /r5g? z to s]i\sly damage ! tree 7,hubb>d2 ,riley2 ,com/ock74 #e4 ,ca/or-oil4 ,has be5 f\nd efficaci\s 9 clean+ haw?orn-trees at ! ,agricultural ,college1 ,l9coln 7,t4 ,kirk74 ,x 0 mix$ ) soot = "s unexpla9$ reason4 ,! "t ( ! ye> :5 x 0 appli$ is n /at$2 b ! au?or's exp]im5ts seem to %[ t ca/or-oil does n effectually kill ! eggs4 ,/ill1 x is d\btless a valuable rem$y if appli$ repeat$ly1 s z to kill l>v & adults1 suppos+ x to be suffici5tly *eap4 #f4 ,cole's ,insect-ext]m9ator4 ,app>5tly a mixture ( ab\t #b p>ts ( gre5 soap ) #ajj p>ts ( /rong alcohol4 ,x is effectual z an insecticide1 & h>mless to gr[+ plants2 b ! co/ is too great1 except on a small scale1 z 9 cons]vatories 7,com/ock74 #g4 ,gasol9e4 ,seems to h be5 us$ 9 ,cali=nia on pe>-trees3 result1 d\btful 7,new ,zeal& ,p>liam5t>y ,pap]s3 ,codl9 ,mo? ,committee ,report1 #ahhe1 page #h74 #h4 ,gi%ur/ comp\nd4 ,v fav\rably spok5 ( 9 _m qu>t]s4 ,9 ,new ,s\? ,wales x has be5 f\nd efficaci\s on orange-trees aga9/ ,aspidiotus cocc9eus 7,ald]ton72 9 ,nelson x is said to be us$ b5eficially aga9/ ,ic]ya pur*asi4 ,x does n1 h[ev]1 kill ! eggs ) c]ta9ty 7,p]sonal exp]im5t74 ,appli$ w>m1 & prop]ly dilut$1 x may be recomm5d$ z a good rem$y2 b applications ( x %\ld be repeat$4 #i4 ,k]os5e4 ,seem+ly ! mo/ valuable ( all rem$ies1 :5 prop]ly appli$4 ,almo/ ! only sub/ance :i* w c]ta9ly kill ! eggs )\t at ! same "t de/roy+ ! plant 7,hubb>d74 ,b ! application ( ?is rem$y mu/ be c>efully p]=m$4 ,"s trees may endure x )\t injury1 ev5 undilut$ or unmix$2 b ?is is sc>cely to be expect$1 & ! oil %\ld !re=e be appli$ 9 "s mix$ =m4 ,also1 x is important to rememb] t a hot sun increases ! injuri\s effect ( k]os5e2 consequ5tly w9t]1 or cl\dy wea!r1 %\ld be *os5 = its employm5t4 7a47 ,pure k]os5e4 ,z j /at$1 x is probably n advisable to use ?is4 ,/ill1 a "y %oot ( orange1 n m ?an f\rte5 days old1 0 un9jur$ by an application ( pure k]os5e :i* ?or\ghly wet e leaf2 7,com/ock72 & ,lecanium hesp]idum on ivy1 simil>ly treat$1 0 de/roy$1 )\t injury to ! plant 7ibid474 7b47 ,k]os5e & milk4 ,an excell5t mixture1 if milk c be obta9$ *eap 7,riley2 ,hubb>d2 ,com/ock74 ,x mu/ be appli$ 9 ! =m ( an emulsion1 spray$ ov] ! tree or bru%$ on ! b>k4 ,hubb>d gives ! foll[+ directions = use3 ,heat ! milk ne>ly to boil+-po9t & mix ) d\ble ! quantity ( k]os5e2 *urn viol5tly f t5 m9utes to half an h\r1 accord+ to temp]ature1 until a creamy ?ick fluid is obta9$2 dilute ?is ) n9e or t5 times ! quantity ( wat]4 ,! mixture is ( c\rse purely a me*anical "o1 z f> at lea/ z ! wat] is conc]n$1 & x mu/ be kept con/antly /irr$1 to prev5t ! sub/ances f sep>at+ f ! wat]4 ,= ev]gre5 trees impel ! mixture on leaves & bran*es 9 ! f9e/ possible spray4 ,s\r milk is z useful z fre%4 ,! object ( ! milk is n only to less5 ! injuri\s qualities ( ! k]os5e1 b also to induce x to mix m freely ) ! wat]2 b x is ! oil alone :i* de/roys ! insects & _! eggs4 7c47 ,k]os5e & soap4 ,:5 milk is n obta9able1 or too de>1 no?+ is s excell5t z ?is mixture4 ,soap itself 7see bel[7 is a useful insecticide1 & 9 comb9ation ) k]os5e includes ! good qualities ( bo? sub/ances4 ,! *eape/ possible qualities ( soap w d4 ,! mixture1 :i* is1 ev5 m ?an ! la/1 purely me*anical1 mu/ be made fir/ ( all an emulsion4 ,! ,am]ican exp]im5ts result 9 ! foll[+ recipe & me?od ( us+3-- ,=mula3 ,common soap #a_/blb4 ,k]os5e #b galls4 ,s(t wat] #a gall4 ,dissolve ! soap 9 ! wat] heat$ to boil+1 !n add ! k]os5e1 & *urn ! mixture until a creamy fluid results :i* ?ick5s on cool+4 ,dilute ) n9e or t5 times ! quantity ( wat]3 ! quantities giv5 above w make ab\t ?irty gallons ( liquid4 ,:ale-oil soap1 s(t-soap1 or any o!r k9d w d4 ,z ) ! milk emulsion1 apply 9 ! =m ( ! f9e/ spray = ev]gre5s 7,riley2 ,hubb>d2 ,p]sonal exp]im5t74 7d47 ,k]os5e & oil4 ,ca/or-oil1 l9se$-oil1 :ale-oil1 may be us$4 ,a mixture ( ?is k9d1 9 ! proportion ( #a "p k]os5e to #c or #d ( oil1 has be5 f\nd v efficaci\s = apple- & o!r fruit-trees attack$ by ! common apple-scale 7,myt4 pomorum74 ,b1 z obs]v$ above1 ! mixture mu/ n be laid on too ?ick4 ,?9ly bru%$ all ov] trunk & bran*es1 at dead ( w9t]1 x has be5 f\nd q successful 9 de/roy+ bo? insects & eggs1 )\t injury to ! trees 7,p]sonal exp]im5t74 ,x w\ld probably n answ] = ev]gre5s1 on acc\nt ( exp5se4 ,on ! :ole1 x may be said t1 z f> z c]ta9ty c be atta9$ 9 ! matt]1 !re is no sub/ance bett] = de/roy+ ,coccids & _! eggs ?an k]os5e 9 ! =m ( milk or soap emulsion1 dilut$ ) wat] = ev]gre5s or = trees ) insects on ! leaves z well z on ! b>k4 ,probably1 = decidu\s fruit-trees ! k]os5e-&-oil mixture is ! be/4 ,! great po9t 9 fav\r ( ?is sub/ance is t x de/roys ! eggs2 ?is1 few if any ( ! o!rs w accompli%4 #aj4 ,lime4 ,( no avail :atev]4 #aa4 ,lye4 ,conc5trat$ lye is v frequ5tly recomm5d$4 ,9 ! ,new ,zeal& ,p>liam5t>y ,pap]s 7,codl9 ,mo? ,committee ,report1 #ahhe1 page #g7 sev]al /atem5ts w be f\nd app>5tly mo/ fav\rable to x2 yet 9 places we f9d admissions t x _c rea* all ! eggs4 ,9 ,am]ica g5]ally1 x has n be5 f\nd satisfactory3 inf]ior to k]os5e 9 kill+-p[]1 & f> m injuri\s to trees :5 us$ 9 solutions /rong en\gh to be effective z insecticides4 ,x is q possible t ! action ( lye on ! fungus accompany+ ! scale-insects 7see ,*ap4 ,,iii47 may h l$ practical g>d5]s to imag9e t x clean$ _! trees ( scale4 ,com/ock says1 ,i saw mo/ excell5t results f ! foll[+ mixture3 #alb4 conc5trat$ lye1 "o p9t gasol9e or b5z9e1 half p9t oil1 five gallons wat]4 ,probably ! good results "h 7 due1 n to ! lye1 b to ! gasol9e & oil4 #ab4 ,pyre?rum4 ,useless aga9/ ,coccids 7,com/ock74 #ac4 ,salt4 ,useless 7,com/ock74 #ad4 ,soap4 ,und\bt$ly a valuable rem$y1 & p]haps1 9 "s cases1 z effici5t z k]os5e2 b x does n de/roy ! eggs4 ,a solution ( #c_/dlb4 ( soap to a gallon ( wat]1 appli$ hot1 0 entirely successful 9 ,cali=nia3 ?ree mon?s aft] its application no liv+ scale-insect c\ld be f\nd 7,com/ock74 ,! "t ( ! ye> is n /at$4 ,9 ano!r case ! solution 0 appli$ cold3 f\r days aft] no liv+ insect c\ld be f\nd2 b1 aga91 ! "t ( ! ye> is n /at$1 & no m5tion is made ( ! eggs4 ,/ill1 a /rong solution ( soap may be said to be "o ( ! be/ rem$ies aga9/ ! l>v & adult insects--proportions f #a_/dlb4 to #a_/clb4 soap to "o gallon ( wat] 7,com/ock2 ,hubb>d2 ,p]sonal exp]im5t74 #ae4 ,soda1 cau/ic4 ,/rongly recomm5d$ by _m p]sons4 ,x injures ! tree1 & does n kill ! eggs--two ?+s :i* are decid$ly aga9/ its use4 ,g>d5]s may h be5 l$ to employ x f f9d+ t 9 "s in/ances x cle>s away ! black fungus-gr[?s 7,*ap4 ,,iii471 & imag9+ ?is to be a cle>ance also ( ! scales4 #af4 ,soda1 silicate4 ,kills "s insects1 b no eggs1 & injures ! tree 7,hubb>d74 #ag4 ,sulphate ( iron4 ,a common +r$i5t 9 pat5t rem$ies2 mo/ injuri\s to vegetation4 ,x does n affect scale-insects 7,hubb>d74 #ah4 ,sulphur4 ,ano!r sub/ance1 ! object ( a k9d ( sup]/iti\s v5]ation among/ g>d5]s4 ,x is excell5t aga9/ fungoid gr[?1 b ( little value aga9/ scale-insects4 ,"h1 aga91 ! cle>+ ( ! black fungus has probably be5 tak5 to mean also ! de/ruction ( ! insects 7,hubb>d2 ,com/ock2 ,p]sonal exp]im5t74 ,com/ock says t 9 ,am]ica p (t5 bore holes 9 _! trees & /uff !m ) sulphur1 "u ! notion t ! sub/ance w be tak5 up by ! sap1 & poison ! insects3 q a futile idea4 #ai4 ,sulphur & lime4 ,a dang]\s comp\nd1 & useless unless appli$ 9 su* /r5g? z to kill ! tree4 ,its fumes are poison\s1 & x may s]i\sly injure ! face & h&s 7,hubb>d74 #bj4 ,sulphur & snuff4 ,equal p>ts mix$ & du/$ ov] ,lecanium hesp]idum on a wet day 7 q successful 7,com/ock74 ,b ! mixture w\ld be too exp5sive except = cons]vatory plants1 & d\btless ! snuff alone w\ld be q z efficaci\s4 #ba4 ,sulphuric acid4 ,kill$ ne>ly all ! scale-insects1 & v ne>ly kill$ ! tree 7,hubb>d74 ,no m5tion is made ( its action on ! eggs4 #bb4 ,soot4 ,useless 7,hubb>d2 ,com/ock2 ,p]sonal exp]im5t74 #bc4 ,tobacco4 ,a good rem$y aga9/ l>v & adults2 d\btful aga9/ ! eggs4 ,fumigation has no effect on scale-insects1 except sometimes on ,dactylopid1 or mealy bugs 7,hubb>d2 ,com/ock2 ,p]sonal exp]im5t74 ,! tobacco %\ld be appli$ 9 a pretty /rong solution2 b ! exp5se 9 ?is c\ntry w\ld be probably too great = g5]al use4 #bd4 ,:ale-oil & :ale-oil soap h be5 already allud$ to "u ! head ,k]os5e4 ,!y are bo? useful +r$i5ts 9 mixture ) t sub/ance1 if procurable *eaply4 ,f ! =ego+ li/ x w be ga!r$ t1 if exp]im5t1 comb9$ ) k ( ! habits & life-hi/ory ( scale-insects1 c be reli$ on1 !re is no sub/ance bett] adapt$ = _! de/ruction ?an k]os5e1 mix$ ) oil1 or milk1 or soap solution1 & c>efully appli$4 ,x has be5 already obs]v$ t ! kill+ ( ! eggs is absolutely necess>y = ?or\gh cle>+-away ( ! insects2 &1 to quote aga9 ! words ( ,mr4 ,hubb>d1 k]os5e is almo/ ! only sub/ance :i* w ) c]ta9ty kill ! eggs )\t at ! same "t de/roy+ ! plant4 ,b precautions mu/ n be neglect$4 ,p]sons :o recklessly use any rem$y1 or :o apply x too ?ickly or 9 too /rong proportions1 mu/ expect _! trees to suff]4 ,nor mu/ ! wea!r & ! "t ( ! ye> be ov]look$4 ,w9t] is ! be/ season = all rem$ies2 &1 pref]ably1 cool & cl\dy days4 ,aga91 if sub/ances soluble 9 wat]1 su* z pota% or soda lye1 soap solutions1 c41 be employ$1 x mu/ be expect$ t a day's ra9 w wa% a good deal ( !m (f1 & greatly r$uce _! efficacy4 ,^! are ?+s :i* _m p =get2 !y fancy t because somebody has cle>$ 8 trees )1 say1 ca/or-oil 9 w9t] !y c d ! same ?+ 9 full heat ( summ]2 or1 because a lye solution has done well 9 ! dry climate ( ,cali=nia1 t x w be equally good 9 ! ra9s ( ,new ,zeal&4 ,/ill m is x a fallacy to imag9e t rule-(-?umb me?ods1 n f\nd$ ^u any k ( ! nature1 habits1 & life-hi/ory ( ! insects1 are likely to be really efficaci\s4 ,little ne$ be said "h ( a rem$y :i* has _h1 to "s ext5t1 ! au?ority ( ,pr(essor ,riley1 & :i* is recomm5d$ by ,mr4 ,h[>d 7,report ,u4,s4 ,dep4 ( ,agric4 #ahhj-ha1 p4 #cea73 viz41 ! transportation or acclimatization ( p>asites on scale-insects4 ,d\btless ! ?+ c\ld be done1 z exp]im5ts 9 ,am]ica h %[n4 ,b !re are pl5ty ( p>asitic insects 9 ,new ,zeal& already1 &1 al?\gh !y seem to h hi!rto conf9$ _! "w to ! native & mo/ly to ! innoxi\s ,coccids1 !y may at any "t beg9 to attack ! o!rs1 & x is only a "q ( "t :5 !y w act usefully z effici5t *ecks 7see ,*ap4 ,,iv474 ,!re is "o ,coccid ( :i* x mu/ be said t1 :il/ k]os5e mixtures w und\bt$ly de/roy x1 by f> ! be/ rem$y ( all is to de/roy & burn at once ! infe/$ trees4 ,ic]ya pur*asi is s voraci\s & univ]sal a fe$]1 s repulsive 9 its aspect1 & s de/ructive 9 its effects t ! mo/ dra/ic rem$y is ! be/4 ,any "o1 !re=e1 hav+ a tree1 especially an ornam5tal or a fruit tree1 attack$ by ,ic]ya pur*asi1 is /rongly recomm5d$ to make no delay1 b to cut d[n & burn e /ick ( ! tree z soon z possible4 ,x 0 obs]v$ at ! beg9n+ ( ?is *apt] t "s p hold ! op9ion t ! damage done by scale-insects is n ( importance4 ,! =ego+ rem>ks ^u rem$ies are n direct$ to ^? :o hold ?is view1 :i* is contradict$ by ! exp]i5ce n only ( o!r c\ntries b ( ,new ,zeal& itself4 ,au?orities ref]r$ to 9 ?is ,*apt]4 ,u4,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture-- ,reports by ,pr(essor ,riley1 ,pr(essor ,com/ock1 ,mr4 ,hubb>d1 ,mr4 ,l4 ,o4 ,h[>d4 ,n4,z4 ,p>liam5t>y ,pap]s1 #ahhe-- ,report ( ! ,select ,jo9t ,committee ( bo? ,h\ses on ! ,codl9-mo?1 & v>i\s blights to :i* fruits are subject4 ,p]sonal exp]im5t by ! au?or & fri5ds4 ,replies ( f>m]s1 g>d5]s1 & tree-gr[]s to inquiries1 (ficial or private4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,catalogue ,,( ,,insects ,,& ,,diagnosis ,,( ,,species4 ,family4--,,coccidid4 ,male & female l>v simil>1 apt]\s1 nak$ or cov]$1 active4 ,females 9 all /ages apt]\s2 metamorphosis semi-complete2 nak$ or cov]$2 active or /ation>y2 ro/rum usually pres5t 9 all /ages1 sometimes abs5t 9 adult2 feet sometimes abs5t aft] l>val /age2 t>si :]e pres5t monom]\s2 feet1 :]e pres5t1 end+ 9 a s+le claw2 eyes sometimes abs5t4 ,male pup apt]\s2 nak$ or cov]$4 ,adult males ) two w+s & two halt]es2 metamorphosis complete2 ro/rum pres5t 9 l>va & pupa1 always abs5t 9 adult2 t>si monom]\s2 feet end+ 9 a s+le claw2 abdom5 t]m9at+ 9 a spike :i* =ms ! %ea? ( ! p5is2 eyes pres5t 9 adult2 ocelli (t5 l>ge1 sometimes exce$+ ?ree 9 numb]4 ,! above *>act]s suffici5tly di/+ui% ?is family f ! re/ ( ! ,homopt]a4 ,probably ! fir/ m>ks = id5tification ( a specim5 might be ! monom]\s t>sus & ! s+le claw4 ,! latt] is always to be made out1 at lea/ 9 ! e>li] /ages ( ! female & 9 ! adult male4 ,,gr\ps4 ,l>v active1 nak$2 adult females & pup /ation>y1 cov]$ ) sep>ate %ields or pup>ia1 compos$ p>tly ( secretion1 p>tly ( ! e>li] disc>d$ pellicles2 females apod\s aft] l>val /age2 abdom5 ( females n exhibit+ a m$ian cleft or dorsal lobes ,diaspid94 ,l>v active1 nak$2 adult females & pup active or /ation>y1 nak$ or cov]$ ) secretion2 adults sometimes apod\s2 abdom5 ( females exhibit+ a m$ian cleft & two dorsal lobes ,lecanid94 ,l>v active1 nak$1 exhibit+ at ! abdom9al extremity two protrud+ anal tub]cles4 ,adult females exhibit+ abdom9al cleft & dorsal lobes2 nak$ or cov]$ ) secretion ,hemicoccid94 ,females 9 all /ages exhibit+ anal tub]cles2 no abdom9al cleft or dorsal lobes2 nak$ or cov]$ ) secretion ,coccid94 ,gr\p ,i4--,,diaspid94 ,female insects cov]+ !mselves ) sep>ate %ields or pup>ia compos$ p>tly ( fibr\s secretion1 p>tly ( ! disc>d$ pellicles2 females apod\s aft] fir/ /age2 no abdom9al cleft or lobes2 sp9n]ets usually arrang$ 9 gr\ps on ! po/]ior segm5t ( female4 ,,g5]a4 ,female pup>ium circul>1 pellicles usually 9 ! c5tre2 male pup>ium slightly elongat$1 n c>9at$1 pellicle at "o end4 ,f\r or five gr\ps ( sp9n]ets1 or gr\ps abs5t ,aspidiotus4 ,female pup>ium m or less circul>1 pellicles ne> ! c5tre2 male pup>ium elongat$1 c>9at$1 pellicle at "o end4 ,five gr\ps ( sp9n]ets ,diaspis4 ,female pup>ium elongat$1 pellicles at "o end2 male pup>ium ne>ly simil> b small] & n>r[]1 n c>9at$1 pellicle at "o end4 ,five gr\ps ( sp9n]ets ,mytilaspis4 ,female pup>ium elongat$1 pellicles at "o end2 male pup>ium mu* n>r[] & small]1 c>9at$1 pellicle at "o end4 ,five gr\ps ( sp9n]ets ,*ionaspis4 ,female pup>ium elongat$1 pellicles at "o end2 male pup>ium n>r[]1 pellicle at "o end4 ,m ?an five gr\ps ( sp9n]ets4 ,abdom5 ( female n fr+$ ,poliaspis4 ,female pup>ium elongat$1 fir/ pellicle at "o end1 second pellicle almo/ fill+ ! pup>ium2 male pup>ium small] & n>r[]1 sometimes c>9at$1 pellicle at "o end ,fior9ia4 ,g5]a n yet repres5t$ 9 ,new ,zeal&4 ,female pup>ium circul> or elongat$2 male pup>ium elongat$1 n c>9at$ ,p>latoria4 ,female pup>ium elongat$2 male pup>ium simil> b small]4 ,abdom5 ( female fr+$ ,leucaspis4 ,female pup>ium d\ble1 ! scales sup]impos$1 fir/ pellicle 9 ! c5tre ( ! upp] scale2 male pup>ium elongat$1 n c>9at$ ,aonidia4 ,female pup>ium completely enclos+ ! insect2 male pup>ium elongat$1 n c>9at$ ,t>gionia4 ,g5us3 ,,aspidiotus1 ,b\*4 ,female pup>ium v>y+ 9 col\r2 circul> 9 outl9e1 usually flat1 sometimes r convex2 pellicles usually 9 ! c5tre4 ,male pup>ium r long] ?an t ( ! female1 ! pellicle at "o end2 n c>9at$ above4 ,gr\ps ( sp9n]ets usually f\r1 sometimes five1 & 9 "o ,am]ican species 7,a4 sabalis1 ,com/ock7 six2 or1 9 a few cases1 altoge!r want+4 ,adult females usually peg-top %ap$4 #a4 ,aspidiotus ,a!rosp]m1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xi41 #ahgh1 p4 #aih4 7,plate ,,iv41 ,fig4 #a47 ,female pup>ium circul>1 flat1 br[n2 diamet]1 ab\t #a_/bj;94 ,! pellicles 9 ! c5tre =m sometimes a sort ( boss or protub]ance1 ( light] col\r ?an ! re/4 ,male pup>ium oval1 flat1 br[ni%1 ab\t #a_/cf;94 9 l5g?4 ,adult female light-yell[ 9 col\r1 ( ! usual peg-top %ape ( ! g5us2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/cj;942 corrugat$--! la/ abdom9al section1 be+ v small1 is mu* ov]lapp$ by ! re/4 ,f\r gr\ps ( sp9n]ets1 upp] pair ) fifte5 orifices2 l[] pair1 n9e or t54 ,abdom5 t]m9at+ 9 sev]al lobes1 ( :i* ! f\r m$ian are ! l>ge/2 betwe5 ! lobes scaly s]rat$ hairs4 ,adult male unkn[n4 ,habitat--,on ,a!rosp]ma ,nov ,zl&i1 ,well+ton2 ,hawke's ,bay4 #b4 ,aspidiotus ,budli1 ,signoret4 ,ann4 de la ,soc4 ,entom4 de ,france1 #ahfh1 p4 #aae4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xi41 #ahgh1 p4 #aih4 ,female pup>ium circul>1 flat1 dirty-:ite1 ab\t #a_/ae;94 9 diamet]4 ,male pup>ium oval1 dirty-:ite1 ab\t #a_/cj;94 9 l5g?4 ,adult female light-yell[1 peg-top %ap$2 abdom5 end+ 9 two some:at prom95t lobes1 ) scaly hairs & sp9es4 ,f\r gr\ps ( sp9n]ets3 upp] gr\ps ) five or six orifices2 l[] gr\ps1 ?ree or f\r4 ,adult male yell[1 slightly br[n on ! ?orax2 ant5n ( t5 jo9ts1 all hairy4 ,habitat--,on silv]-wattle1 ,nelson4 ,! insect is ,european1 & f\nd !re on ,budlia salic9a4 ,closely alli$ to ,a4 n]ii1 b diff]+ 9 ! lobes & sp9n]ets ( ! abdom54 #c4 ,aspidiotus ,camelli1 ,boisduval4 ,k]mes camelli1 ,boisduval1 ,ent4 ,hort41 p4 #ccd4 ,aspidiotus camelli1 ,signoret1 loc4 cit41 #ahfi1 p4 #aag4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xi41 #ahgh1 p4 #bjj2 ,vol4 ,,xvii41 #ahhd1 p4 #ba4 7,plate ,,iv41 ,fig4 #b47 ,female pup>ium ne>ly circul>1 convex1 greyi% or br[ni% 9 col\r1 ab\t #a_/ae;94 9 diamet]2 pellicles (t5 at "o side4 ,male pup>ium r small]1 oval4 ,adult female ( normal %ape1 b some:at elongat$4 ,abdom5 end+ 9 two lobes1 ) a few scatt]$ scaly hairs4 ,no gr\ps ( sp9n]ets4 ,habitat--,on camellias1 ,*ri/*ur*2 on euonymus1 weep+ will[1 c41 ,well+ton4 ,v common 9 g>d5s ab\t ,well+ton3 sometimes does mu* damage to euonymus %rubs & h$ges4 #d4 ,aspidiotus ,c>podeti1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xvii41 #ahhd1 p4 #ba4 ,female pup>ium usually light-br[n1 b v>y+ a little ) ! col\r ( ! b>k ( ! tree2 convex2 circul>2 ! pellicles 9 ! c5tre2 "s specim5s are slightly elongat$4 ,av]age diamet]1 #a_/af;94 ,male pup>ium n>r[1 ) p>allel sides2 n c>9at$2 dirty-:ite or br[ni% col\r2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/af;94 ,adult female ( ! normal peg-top %ape1 ! abdom5 n s mu* ov]lapp$ z usual4 ,abdom5 end+ 9 two m$ian some:at prom95t lobes1 ) two o!rs mu* small] n 9 close proximity2 edge ( ! body jagg$1 ) curvil9e> incisions1 among/ :i* & betwe5 ! lobes are a numb] ( s]rat$ po9t$ hairs1 z 9 ,a4 n]ii4 ,f\r gr\ps ( sp9n]ets3 l[] pair ) f\r to six orifices2 upp]1 ) six to t54 ,^! gr\ps seem surr\nd$ by a n>r[ l9e z if enclos$ 9 a *amb]3 ! same appe>ance is pres5t$ 7accord+ to a figure ( ,mr4 ,com/ock's7 9 ,a4 n]ii4 ,!re are _m s+le sp9n]ets4 ,adult male ( normal =m1 ) ant5n ( t5 jo9ts1 ( :i* ! sev5?1 eigh?1 & n9? are ! longe/4 ,! halt]e has a some:at long p$uncle4 ,! abdom9al spike is r long1 & spr+s f a l>ge tub]cle4 ,habitat--,on ,c>podetus s]ratus & ,vitex littoralis 7puriri71 ,well+ton4 ,! pup>ia are s l 9 col\r to ! b>k t x is difficult to detect !m4 ,?is insect is evid5tly closely alli$ to ,a4 n]ii1 b diff]s 9 ! abdom9al lobes ( ! female & 9 ! ant5n ( ! male2 its male pup>ium is also mu* long]1 & t ( ! female m convex1 ?an 9 t species4 #e4 ,aspidiotus cocc9eus1 ,g5nadius4,k ,aspidiotus aurantii1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xi41 #ahgh1 p4 #aii4 ,aspidiotus citri1 ,com/ock2 ,canadian ,entom41 ,vol4 ,,xiii41 p4 #h4 7,plate ,,iv41 ,fig4 #c47 ,k ,! au?or has n be5 able to f9d ! orig9al description ( ,g5nadius1 :i* appe>s to h be5 conta9$ 9 a report to ! ,m9i/] = ,agriculture 9 ,greece4 ,dr4 ,signoret /ates t !re is a ref]5ce to x 9 ,risso1 ,hi/oire ,naturelle des ,oranges1 ,vol4 ,i41 p4 #bbj4 ,female pup>ium really dirty-:ite1 b seem+ yell[i%-br[n1 f ! col\r ( ! insect b5ea?2 sometimes d>k-br[n2 circul>1 flat2 diamet]1 ab\t #a_/aa;94 ,male pup>ium mu* small]1 r oval4 ,adult female yell[1 becom+ br[n at la/2 peg-top %ap$1 b ! abdom9al segm5t is comp>atively s small & is s mu* ov]lapp$ by ! o!rs t ! insect looks almo/ globul>2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/ae;94 ,abdom5 end+ 9 six lobes 7( :i* ! two m$ian are ! l>ge/71 & sev]al scaly hairs4 ,no gr\ps ( sp9n]ets4 ,adult male v small1 br[n or yell[ 9 col\r4 ,! ant5n h t5 jo9ts3 ! two fir/ jo9ts are v small1 r\nd1 & smoo?2 ! ?ird1 f\r?1 fif?1 & six? equal 9 l5g?2 ! sev5?1 eigh?1 & n9? half z long2 ! t5? some:at %ort] /ill1 & po9t$4 ,all ! la/ eight jo9ts %[ num]\s hairs4 ,! ?orax is %ort & ?ick1 ! ?oracic b& occupy+ m ?an "o-half ! wid?2 ! abdom5 %ort1 ! d\ble spike ( "s l5g?4 ,! w+s are oval1 ab\t z long z ! body4 ,! legs are hairy1 femora ?ick1 tibi long]1 ?ick] at ! end next ! t>sus ?an at ! o!r end2 t>si broad at ! top1 tap]+ gradually d[n to ! usual s+le claw4 ,! hairs on ! femora are mu* few] ?an ^? on ! tibi & t>si4 ,habitat--,on oranges & lemons 9 %ops1 v abundant1 (t5 sev]al hundr$s on a s+le fruit2 on orange- & lemon-trees1 ,gov]nor's ,bay1 ,cant]bury2 & ,auckl&4 ,?is insect is ,european1 & has be5 introduc$ "h f ,au/ralia4 ,x is exce$+ly de/ructive to orange & lemon groves 9 ,am]ica & ,au/ralia4 ,mr4 ,com/ock 7,report ( ! ,entomologi/1 ,u4,s4 ,dep4 ( ,agric41 #ahha1 p4 #bie7 records an in/ance :]e a grove ( ?irty-?ree acres1 :i* 9 #ahgb produc$ a r5tal ( #a1hjj1 c\ld fet* 9 #ahgh only #abj1 on acc\nt ( ! ravages ( ?is insect4 ,orange- & lemon-gr[]s 9 ! nor? ( ,new ,zeal& %\ld bew>e ( ?is pe/4 ,x is sc>cely likely t x %\ld be h>mless "h :5 x is s de/ructive else:]e4 ,! rem$ies mo/ likely to be efficaci\s h be5 m5tion$ 9 ! introductory *apt]s ( ?is "w4 #f4 ,aspidiotus dysoxyli1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xi41 #ahgh1 p4 #aih4 ,female pup>ium circul>1 some:at convex1 br[n 9 col\r2 diamet]1 ab\t #a_/ae;94 ,male pup>ium small]1 oval1 br[n4 ,adult female bright-yell[1 corrugat$1 ! corrugations ov]lapp+ ! abdom9al region1 :i* is comp>atively small4 ,!re are f\r gr\ps ( sp9n]ets1 ! upp] pair ) t5 op5+s1 ! l[] ) n9e1 _m scatt]$ oval & oblong sp9n]ets4 ,! abdom5 ends 9 six lobes1 ( :i* only ! two m$ian are conspicu\s2 betwe5 ! lobes f9e s]rat$ hairs4 ,! abdom5 is v velvety4 ,adult male unkn[n4 ,habitat--,on ,dysoxylon spectabile1 ,well+ton4 ,alli$ to ,a4 a!rosp]m1 b diff]+ 9 ! abdom9al lobes & sp9n]ets4 #g4 ,aspidiotus epid5dri1 ,b\*4 ,*]mes epid5dri1 ,boisduval2 ,ent4 ,hort41 #ahfg1 p4 #cci4 ,aspidiotus epid5dri1 ,signoret1 loc4 cit41 #ahfi1 p4 #aba4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xi41 #ahgh1 p4 #aig4 ,female pup>ium circul>1 flat1 dirty-:ite or br[ni%2 diamet]1 ab\t #a_/ab;94 ,male pup>ium elongat$1 ! sides p>allel4 ,adult female gre5i% yell[1 peg-top %ap$4 ,abdom5 end+ 9 sev]al lobes1 ( :i* only ! two m$ian are conspicu\s2 betwe5 ! lobes sev]al s]rat$ scaly hairs1 & "s sp9es4 ,f\r gr\ps ( sp9n]ets3 upp] gr\ps1 eight to t5 orifices2 l[] gr\ps1 six to eight3 _m s+le sp9n]ets4 ,adult male some:at long1 yell[i% 9 col\r2 ant5n ( t5 jo9ts2 feet hav+ some:at ?ick femora1 ! tibi & t>si sl5d]2 all ! jo9ts hairy4 ,! abdom9al spike1 or %ea? ( ! p5is1 is r long1 & ! tub]cle at its base is l>ge4 ,habitat--,on palms & or*ids 9 ho?\ses1 passim2 on wattle1 r>ely1 ,*ri/*ur*4 ,?is is a ,european insect1 affect+ ho?\se plants1 & sc>cely likely to d damage out-(-doors4 ,x is closely alli$ to ,a4 n]ii4 #h4 ,aspidiotus n]ii1 ,b\*2 ,s*adl4 ,g>t4 ,ins41 #ahcc1 #eb4 ,diaspis ,b\*ei1 ,t>gioni-,tozzetti2 ,/udie sulle ,cocc9eglie1 #ahfg4 ,aspidiotus ,b\*ei1 ,t>gioni2 ,catal41 #ahfh1 #de1 #a4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xiv41 #ahha1 p4 #bag4 7,plate ,,iv41 ,fig4 #d47 ,female pup>ium circul>1 flat1 :ite or greyi%2 diamet]1 ab\t #a_/ab;94 ,male pup>ium oval1 :ite2 ab\t #a_/be;94 9 l5g?4 ,adult female yell[1 peg-top %ap$1 b almo/ globul>4 ,abdom5 end+ 9 six lobes1 ( :i* ! two m$ian are ! l>ge/4 ,betwe5 & a little beyond ! lobes are a numb] ( scaly s]rat$ hairs1 "s ( :i* exhibit s]rat$ extremities2 also "s scaly b smoo? hairs4 ,!re are also a few sp9es4 ,f\r gr\ps ( sp9n]ets1 :i* are surr\nd$ 7accord+ to ,mr4 ,com/ock1 ,entom4 ,report1 ,u4,s4 ,dep4 ( ,agric41 #ahhj1 ,plate ,,xv41 ,fig4 #a7 by a f9e l9e1 z if enclos$ 9 a sac4 ,_m s+le sp9n]ets4 ,9 ! l>va ! abdom5 ends 9 f\r lobes1 ( :i* ! two m$ian are some:at prom95t4 ,adult male yell[ or br[ni%2 ant5n ( t5 jo9ts1 ea* ) sev]al hairs2 feet hav+ ! femora some:at ?ick1 ! tibi & t>si flat & sl5d]1 ! =m] a little exp&$ at ! extremity4 ,habitat--,on ,coprosma lucida & ,corynoc>pus lvigatai_/ 7,k>aka71 ,well+ton4 ,a species introduc$ f ,europe1 :]e its fav\rite habitat is ,n]ium ole&]2 b x is f\nd on _m o!r plants1 & is1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,signoret1 ! commone/ ( all ! species ( ?is g5us4 ,x has n yet spread widely 9 ,new ,zeal&4 #i4 ,aspidiotus sophor1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xvi41 #ahhc1 p4 #aba4 ,female pup>ium ne>ly circul>1 flat1 blui%-grey2 diamet]1 ab\t #a_/bd;94 ,male pup>ium oval2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/cf;94 ,adult female ( ! usual peg-top %ape1 gre5i%-yell[ 9 col\r2 abdom5 end+ 9 two conspicu\s m$ian lobes1 ) a numb] ( scaly s]rat$ hairs1 z 9 ,a4 n]ii4 ,five gr\ps ( sp9n]ets3 upp]mo/ gr\p ) f\r orifices2 ! rema9d]1 sev5 or eight4 ,"s specim5s %[ only f\r gr\ps4 ,adult male unkn[n4 ,habitat--,on ,sophora tetrapt]a 7,k[hai71 ,port ,hills1 ,cant]bury4 ,only a few species ( ,aspidiotus are report$ ) five gr\ps ( sp9n]ets4 ,! pres5t insect diff]s f all ( !m 9 ! scaly s]rat$ hairs ( ! abdom52 none ( ! o!rs has m ?an a few sp9es4 ,g5us3 ,,diaspis1 ,co/a4 ,female pup>ium m or less1 b nev] q1 circul>2 sometimes flat1 b m usually convex2 pellicles m or less m>g9al4 ,male pup>ium elongat$1 ! pellicle at "o end2 a longitud9al c>9a1 or keel1 appe>s 9 ! middle4 ,gr\ps ( sp9n]ets1 five4 ,mr4 ,com/ock 7,entom4 ,rep41 ,cornell ,univ41 #ahhc1 p4 #he7 rem>ks t1 :5 ! pellicles ( ! female ( ?is g5us are m>g9al1 x might be difficult to di/+ui% x f ,*ionaspis1 z ! male pup>ia are alike 9 bo?4 ,z reg>ds ! species obs]v$ hi!rto 9 ,new ,zeal& ?is difficulty has n occurr$4 #aj4 ,diaspis ,boisduvalii1 ,signoret2 ,ann4 de la ,soc4 ,entom4 de ,france1 #ahfh1 p4 #dcc4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xi41 #ahgh1 p4 #bjj2 ,vol4 ,,xvii41 #ahhd1 p4 #bc4 7,plate ,,iv41 ,fig4 #e47 ,female pup>ium oval1 ne>ly circul>1 flatti%2 col\r1 yell[i%-grey2 diamet]1 ab\t #a_/ab;94 ,male pup>ium elongat$1 :ite1 ) a /rong m$ian keel1 & ) ! edges rais$ s z to appe> l two o!r keels2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/bj;94 ,! male pup>ia frequ5tly occur mass$ 9 great numb]s1 & cov]$ ) :ite hairs & fluff4 ,adult female r elongat$1 oval1 or some:at pe>-%ap$2 ! body corrugat$1 ! cephalic portion smoo?4 ,at ea* side1 on a level ) ! ro/rum1 or a little above x1 is a protrud+ lobe1 :i* is *>act]i/ic4 ,col\r1 light-yell[4 ,abdom5 end+ 9 two lobes1 n prom95t1 & ) a depression betwe5 !m2 beyond ! lobes are _m s]rations1 ) small lobelike projections & sp9y hairs4 ,five gr\ps ( sp9n]ets3 upp]mo/ gr\p ) five to eight orifices,l2 ! two upp] side gr\ps ) tw5ty to tw5ty-five2 l[] side gr\ps1 fifte5 to tw5ty4 ,a few scatt]$ s+le sp9n]ets4 ,l ,mr4 ,com/ock 7,entom4 ,rep41 ,cornell ,univ41 #ahhc1 p4 #hg7 gives eight to fifte5 orifices = ! upp]mo/ gr\p4 ,adult male v small1 ab\t #a_/dj;94 9 l5g?2 col\r1 r$di%-yell[2 ant5n ( t5 jo9ts1 all ) hairs except ! two fir/2 femora & tibi sl5d]1 t>si ?ick at ! base1 & tap]+ to ! claw2 digitules1 f9e hairs4 ,! fir/ & second pair ( legs appe> some:at widely sep>at$1 ow+ to ! l5g? ( ! cox4 ,habitat--,on sev]al ho?\se plants1 ,*ri/*ur* & ,well+ton2 & on wattle 9 g>d5s1 ,well+ton4 ,a ,european insect4 ,! curi\s projections at ! side1 ne> ! head1 ( ! female1 & ! arrangem5t ( ! male pup>ia above m5tion$1 suffici5tly di/+ui% ?is species4 #aa4 ,diaspis ros1 ,s&b]g4 ,aspidiotus ros1 ,s&b]g2 ,abh&41 priv4 ,boh41 ,no4 #f1 p4 #cag4 ,diaspis ros1 ,signoret1 loc4 cit41 #ahfi1 p4 #dda4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xi41 #ahgh1 p4 #bja4 7,plate ,,iv41 ,fig4 #f47 ,female pup>ium ne>ly circul>1 :ite1 (t5 aggregat$ 9 masses2 diamet]1 ab\t #a_/ab;94 ,pellicles1 m>g9al4 ,male pup>ium :ite1 elongat$1 c>9at$2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/bj;94 ,adult female deep-r$ 9 col\r1 elongat$1 ! body deeply segm5t$4 ,cephalic region v l>ge1 smoo?4 ,on ea* segm5t ( ! body sev]al sp9y hairs4 ,abdom5 end+ 9 two conspicu\s lobes ) a depression betwe5 !m1 & "s sp9y hairs4 ,five gr\ps ( sp9n]ets1 b ! lat]al gr\ps are almo/ cont9u\s2 upp]mo/ gr\p ) ab\t tw5ty orifices2 9 ! lat]al gr\ps1 fifty to sixty orifices4 ,no s+le sp9n]ets4 ,adult male orange-r$ 9 col\r2 ant5n t5-jo9t$1 ) sev]al hairs on all b ! fir/ two jo9ts2 feet sl5d]1 hairy2 digitules1 f9e hairs4 ,! spike is some:at long4 ,habitat--,on rose-trees1 ,gov]nor's ,bay1 ,cant]bury-,napi]4 ,a ,european species1 /at$ by ,mr4 ,com/ock to attack1 9 ,am]ica1 blackb]ries & raspb]ries1 besides ! rose4 ,! deep-r$ col\r & abnormally-l>ge cephalic segm5t ( ?is insect di/+ui% x f all o!rs4 #ab4 ,diaspis santali1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xvi41 #ahhc1 p4 #abb4 7,plate ,,iv41 ,fig4 #g47 ,female pup>ium yell[i%-grey 9 col\r1 sometimes ) a gre5i% t+e2 outl9e oval2 v convex2 pellicles at "o end1 black1 inconspicu\s2 l5g? ( pup>ium1 ab\t #a_/ae;94 ,male pup>ium :ite1 elongat$1 c>9at$2 pellicle1 black2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/be;94 ,adult female orange-r$ 9 col\r1 peg-top %ap$2 ! abdom9al segm5t v small z comp>$ ) ! re/ ( ! body1 & ! two next segm5ts ov]lap x4 ,abdom5 end+ 9 two conspicu\s1 prom95t1 m$ian lobes1 & at ea* side ( !m two semi-circul> depressions3 sev]al bran*$ & s]rat$ hairs 9 ! region ( ^! lobes4 ,!re are no gr\ps ( sp9n]ets4 ,!re is no wide depression ( ! edge betwe5 ! m$ian lobes4 ,adult male unkn[n4 ,habitat--,on ,santalum cunn+hamii 7,maire71 ,te ,aute1 ,hawke's ,bay2 & on pe>1 plum1 & o!r fruit-trees at ,:ang>ei1 hav+ probably spread f native plants4 ,! c>9at$ male pup>ium di/+ui%es ?is species f ,aspidiotus4 ,! abs5ce ( sp9n]ets is curi\s4 ,g5us3 ,,mytilaspis1 ,t>gioni-,tozzetti4 ,female & male pup>ia simil>1 or ne>ly simil>1 9 %ape1 b ! male pup>ium is small]4 ,pup>ia elongat$1 g5]ally m or less mussel-%ap$ or pyri=m1 usually convex1 m or less curv$2 pellicles at "o end4 ,male pup>ia n c>9at$4 ,five gr\ps ( sp9n]ets 9 ! female1 b ! gr\ps are sometimes cont9u\s4 #ac4 ,mytilaspis cordyl9idis1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xi41 #ahgh1 p4 #aie4 7,plate ,v41 ,fig4 #a47 ,female pup>ium pure :ite1 elongat$1 v n>r[2 usually /raight1 sometimes curv$2 pellicles yell[1 at "o end2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/h;942 bread?1 ab\t #a_/cj;94 ,male pup>ium simil> to t ( ! female1 b mu* small]2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/bj;94 ,adult female pale yell[ 9 col\r1 elongat$1 di/9ctly segm5t$4 ,rudim5t>y ant5n on ! cephalic segm5t4 ,a few f9e hairs at ! edges ( ! segm5ts4 ,abdom5 end+ 9 two lobes ) a small m$ian depression2 sev]al s]rat$ scaly hairs1 & a few sp9es4 ,five gr\ps ( sp9n]ets3 upp]mo/ gr\ps1 sev5 or eight orifices2 upp] lat]al gr\p1 f\rte5 to tw5ty2 l[] lat]al gr\p1 tw5ty to tw5ty-five4 ,a great numb] ( s+le sp9n]ets4 ,adult male d\btful2 v m9ute & difficult to detect4 ,ant5n app>5tly %ort & tibi l>ge4 ,habitat--,on ,cordyl9e au/ralis & ,c4 indivisa1 ,phormium1 ,gahnia1 ,a/elia1 ,eucalyptus1 c41 ?r\gh\t ! isl&s2 b ! *ief habitat seems to be ,c4 au/ralis 7! common cabbage-tree71 on :i* x is (t5 v abundant4 ,?is species may at fir/ sight be mi/ak5 = ,fior9ia /ricta1 describ$ bel[1 :i* also infe/s ,cordyl9e & ,phormium2 b1 on inspection1 x w be se5 t ! pup>ium ( ! ,mytilaspis is mu* :it]1 & ! pellicles yell[1 ^? ( ,f4 /ricta be+ black4 ,an exam9ation ( ! second pellicles ( ! two species w1 ( c\rse1 at once di/+ui% !m4 #ad4 ,mytilaspis drimydis1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xi41 #ahgh1 p4 #aif4 7,plate ,v41 ,fig4 #c47 ,female pup>ium elongat$1 (t5 /raight1 sometimes curv$2 col\r1 dirty-:ite or br[n2 pellicles at "o end2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/ab;94 ,male pup>ium simil>1 b small]4 ,adult female dull-r$ 9 col\r1 elongat$1 n v di/9ctly segm5t$4 ,abdom5 end+ 9 a numb] ( small lobes1 ( :i* ! f\r m$ian are ! l>ge/2 sev]al f9e hairs betwe5 ! lobes2 no gr\ps ( sp9n]ets1 b a v great numb] ( s+le ones1 :i* are scatt]$ on ! segm5ts z f> up z ! ro/rum4 ,_m ( ^! protrude z %ort ?ick tubes ) s]rat$ or fr+$ extremities4 ,on ! cephalic segm5t are a few sp9y hairs & two rudim5t>y ant5n4 ,adult male r$ 9 col\r2 ant5n ( t5 jo9ts2 t>si some:at l>ge4 ,bo? ant5n & feet h num]\s hairs4 ,digitules1 f9e4 ,habitat--,on ,drimys colorata1 ,wat] ( ,lei?1 ,dun$91 f :i* x has spread to o!r native plants4 #ae4 ,mytilaspis epiphytidis1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xvii41 #ahhd1 p4 #ba4 7,plate ,v41 ,fig4 #b47 ,female pup>ium flat1 pyri=m1 br[n 9 col\r1 ?92 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/aa;94 ,male pup>ium n>r[] ?an t ( ! female1 & a good deal d>k]1 be+ sometimes almo/ black2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/bj;942 n c>9at$4 ,adult female d>k-grey 9 col\r1 elongat$1 segm5t$4 ,abdom5 end+ 9 two m$ian lobes2 along ! edge sev]al deepi% curvil9e> incisions1 betwe5 :i* are "s /rong sp9es4 ,five gr\ps ( sp9n]ets3 l[] pair ) f\rte5 to sixte5 orifices2 upp] pair1 twelve to sixte52 upp]mo/ gr\p1 f\r to six4 ,adult male unkn[n4 ,habitat--,on ,a/elia cunn+hamii1 ,well+ton4 #af4 ,mytilaspis leptosp]mi1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xiv41 #ahha1 p4 #bae4 7,plate ,v41 ,fig4 #d47 ,female pup>ium flat1 elongat$1 irregul>ly pyri=m1 light-br[n 9 col\r2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/ab;94 ,! secretion =m+ ! pup>ium is mix$ ) b>k-cells ( ! tree1 arrang$ longitud9ally4 ,male pup>ium n>r[] ?an t ( ! female1 & d>k] 9 col\r4 ,adult female greyi%-gre51 elongat$1 segm5t$2 abdom5 end+ 9 six lobes1 ( :i* ! two m$ian are conspicu\s & some:at l>ge & floriat$1 ! re/ v small4 ,five gr\ps ( sp9n]ets3 ! upp] gr\p ) ab\t fifte5 op5+s2 ! o!rs ) f tw5ty-five to ?irty-five4 ,s+le sp9n]ets none1 or v few4 ,adult male unkn[n4 ,habitat--,on ,leptosp]mum scop>ium 7manuka71 ,well+ton2 ,cant]bury2 ,auckl&4 ,! pup>ia are (t5 num]\s on ! loose scaly b>k ( ! tree4 #ag4 ,mytilaspis metrosid]i1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xii41 #ahgi1 p4 #bic4 ,female pup>ium :ite1 pyri=m4 ,female 9 all /ages d>k-col\r$2 9 la/ /age ne>ly black4 ,g5]al outl9e resembl+ ,m4 drimydis1 b ! abdom5 is mu* %>p] & m po9t$1 ) a f9ely-s]rat$ edge1 end+ 9 ?ree m9ute1 po9t$ lobes1 jo9$ by a scaly process4 ,sp9n]ets 9 an almo/ cont9u\s ar*1 :i* may be resolv$ into five gr\ps2 sev5ty or eighty op5+s2 sev]al s+le sp9n]ets4 ,! rudim5t>y ant5n c be made out4 ,! "y female has an elongat$ oval outl9e1 little corrugat$4 ,! feet1 digitules1 ant5n1 c41 resemble ^? ( ,m4 pomorum4 ,! abdom5 is l t ( ! adult1 )\t ! gr\ps ( sp9n]ets4 ,male unkn[n1 b pup>ium small] & r d>k] 9 col\r ?an t ( ! female4 ,habitat--,on ,metrosid]os robu/a 7rata71 ,well+ton1 & probably else:]e4 ,x is n common4 #ah4 ,mytilaspis phymatodidis1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xii41 #ahgi1 p4 #bib4 ,female pup>ium flatti%1 pyri=m1 dirty-:ite or br[ni%2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/ab;94 ,male pup>ium simil>1 br[n4 ,adult female greyi%1 elongat$1 segm5t$4 ,rudim5t>y ant5n visible4 ,abdom5 end+ 9 two lobes ) a m$ian depression3 sev]al scaly & s]rat$ processes1 & "s sp9y hairs4 ,five gr\ps ( sp9n]ets3 upp]mo/ gr\p1 six to n9e orifices2 upp] side gr\ps1 t5 to f\rte52 l[] pair1 fifte5 to tw5ty3 sev]al s+le sp9n]ets4 ,male unkn[n4 ,habitat--,on ,phymatodes bill>di]i1 ,well+ton2 ,auckl&4 ,9 outw>d appe>ance ! female resembles ,m4 pomorum1 b ! pup>ium is q diff]5t1 & ! abdom9al *>act]s also diff]4 #ai4 ,mytilaspis pomorum1 ,b\*4 ,aspidiotus pomorum1 ,b\*2 ,ent4 ,zeit4 ,/ett41 #ahea1 ,,xii41 ,no4 #a4 ,aspidiotus con*i=mis1 auctorum2 nec ,gmel91 ,sy/4 ,nat41 #b1bba4 ,aspidiotus pyrus-malus1 ,k5nicott2 #ahed1 ,acad4 ,sci5ce ( ,clevel&4 ,aspidiotus jugl&is1 ,fit*2 ,ann4 ,rep41 ,n4,y4 ,/ate ,ag4 ,soc41 #ahef2 nec ,signoret1 loc4 cit41 #ahgj1 p4 #ie4 ,aspidiotus falci=mis1 ,br5sprung2 ,j\rn4 d',alton et ,burm41 #ahdi4 ,mytilaspis pomicorticis1 ,riley2 ,fif? ,rep4 ,/ate ,entom41 ,miss\ri1 p4 #ie4 ,mytilaspis pomorum 7,b\*71 ,signoret2 loc4 cit41 #ahgj1 p4 #ih4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xi41 #ahgh1 p4 #aib4 ,! common apple-scale4 7,plate ,v41 ,fig4 #e47 ,female pup>ium usually br[n1,m sometimes :ite2 elongat$1 mussel-%ap$1 convex1 slightly curv$1 sometimes /raight2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/aj;94 ,m ,dr4 ,signoret says1 brun noirtre4 ,mr4 ,com/ock calls x a%-grey4 ,9 reality ! col\r v>ies some:at ) t ( ! b>k ( ! tree4 ,male pup>ium n kn[n 9 ,new ,zeal&4 ,9 ,am]ica x is /at$,n to be small1 /raight or ne>ly s1 & ) ! po/]ior "p jo9$ to ! rema9d] ( ! scale by a ?9 portion :i* s]ves z a h+e4 ,n ,com/ock2 ,rep4 ( ,entom41 ,u4,s4 ,dept4 ( ,agric41 #ahhj1 p4 #cbe4 ,adult female greyi%1 yell[i%1 or :ite2 elongat$1 segm5t$4 ,rudim5t>y ant5n pres5t4 ,at ! edge ( ea* segm5t two or ?ree /rong sp9es4 ,abdom5 end+ 9 two l>ge lobes1 ) two o!rs mu* small] on ea* side2 ! m$ian lobes are trifoliat$4 ,betwe5 & beyond ! lobes "s sp9es4 ,five gr\ps ( sp9n]ets2 numb]s ( orifices v>iable 7see bel[72 a few s+le sp9n]ets4 ,male unkn[n 9 ,new ,zeal& & ,europe1 d\btful 9 ,am]ica4 ,col\r /at$ by ,riley 7,fif? ,miss\ri ,report1 p4 #ie7 z transluc5t corne\s-grey4 ,habitat 9 ,new ,zeal&--,on apple1 pe>1 plum1 pea*1 apricot1 lilac1 a%1 ?orn1 sycamore1 cotonea/]1 & o!r plants1 passim4 ,an introduc$ ,european species1 kn[n 9 ,am]ica & else:]e z ! oy/]-%ell b>k-l\se ( ! apple4 ,x is ! commone/1 app>5tly1 ( ! ,diaspid92 & does great damage 9 or*>ds4 ,?is species has be5 ref]r$ to by _m writ]s "u ! specific "n con*i=mis2 "s au?ors include x "u ! g5us ,aspidiotus1 o!rs "u ,coccus1 & "o--,raumur--"u ,*]mes4 ,9 ! ,qu>t]ly ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,microscopical ,society1 ,febru>y1 #ahhe1 ,mr4 ,a4 ,mi*ael ref]s to x z ,coccus 7,mytilaspis7 pomicorticis4 ,! gr\ps ( sp9n]ets h be5 /at$ above to be v>iable4 ,! foll[+ table %[s ! numb]s obs]v$ 9 specim5s f diff]5t trees 9 ,new ,zeal&3-- ,upp]mo/ ,upp] ,side ,l[] ,side ,gr\ps4 ,gr\ps4 ,gr\ps4 ,apple #ag #ag #ad ,plum #bj #ag #ag ,lilac #ag #ai #af ,a% #aj #ab #i ,cotonea/] #g #ae #aj ,a v m9ute :ite ,ac>id 7mite7 has be5 obs]v$ frequ5tly "u ! pup>ia ( ?is species1 among ! eggs4 ,! eggs1 9 mo/ cases s obs]v$1 7 %rivell$ & dead4 ,mr4 ,a4 ,mi*ael1 9 ! pap] above m5tion$ 7,notes on ,tyroglyphid7 ref]s to an ,ac>us f\nd 9 ,am]ica 9 #ahgc1 also 9 pup>ia ( ,m4 pomorum1 by ,mr4 ,riley1 & expresses d\bts :e!r or n x f$ ^u ! insect2 yet he says1 ,a ,tyroglyphus n ord9>ily pr$atory might reg>d a ,coccus z suitable = ga/ronomic purposes4 #bj4 ,mytilaspis pyri=mis1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xi41 #ahgh1 p4 #aid2 ,vol4 ,,xiv41 #ahha1 p4 #bae2 ,vol4 ,,xvii41 #ahhd1 p4 #bb4 7,plate ,v41 ,fig4 #f47 ,female pup>ium light-br[n1 elongat$1 pyri=m1 flat2 l5g?1 av]ag+ #a_/aj;94 7sometimes rea*+ #a_/h;9472 bread?1 av]ag+ #a_/ae;94 7rea*+ #a_/ab;9472 texture1 ?94 ,! second pellicle is comp>atively l>ge4 ,male pup>ium small] & n>r[]1 br[n1 n c>9at$4 ,adult female yell[i%-br[n or greyi%2 elongat$1 segm5t$2 on ! segm5ts are a few sp9y hairs4 ,abdom5 end+ 9 sev]al lobes1 ( :i* ! two m$ian are mu* ! l>ge/4 ,sp9n]ets 9 a cont9u\s ar*1 conta9+ sixty to sev5ty orifices4 ,_m s+le sp9n]ets4 ,sev]al scaly hairs betwe5 ! lobes4 ,adult male orange-col\r$1 ab\t #a_/cj;94 long4 ,ant5n #aj-;jo9t$4 ,digitules1 long f9e hairs4 ,%ea? ( ! p5is long4 ,habitat--,on ,dysoxylon spectabile & ,a!rosp]ma ,nov ,zl&i1 ,well+ton2 on ,coprosma1 ,ricc>ton ,bu%1 ,cant]bury4 ,9 ! female pup>ium & 9 ! l5g? ( ! abdom9al spike ( ! male ?is species resembles ,m4 buxi1 ,b\* 7,signoret1 loc4 cit41 #ahfh1 p4 #ic71 b diff]s 9 all o!r respects4 ,g5us3 ,,*ionaspis1 ,signoret4 ,female pup>ium usually :ite1 elongat$2 pellicles at "o end2 g5]ally flat4 ,male pup>ium :ite1 elongat$1 c>9at$2 pellicle at "o end4 ,gr\ps ( sp9n]ets1 five 79 "o ,am]ican species1 six72 r>ely want+4 #ba4 ,*ionaspis citri1 ,com/ock2 #bnd ,rep41 ,dep4 ( ,entom41 ,cornell ,univ41 #ahhc4 ,*ionaspis euonymi1 ,com/ock 79 "p72 ,ag4 ,rep41 #ahhj1 p4 #cac4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xvii41 p4 #ahhd1 p4 #bc4 7,plate ,,vi41 ,fig4 #a47 ,female pup>ium dirty blacki%-br[n1 ) a grey m>g92 elongat$4 ,!re is a c5tral ridge f :i* ! sides slope l ! ro( ( a h\se 7,com/ock74 ,male pup>ium :ite1 n>r[1 c>9at$4 ,adult female yell[i%-:ite1 elongat$1 segm5t$4 ,abdom5 end+ 9 six lobes1 ( :i* ! two m$ian are ! l>ge/3 ^! two are div]g5t4 ,along ! edge "s sp9es4 ,no gr\ps ( sp9n]ets3 a few s+le ones4 ,adult male unkn[n4 ,habitat--,on oranges sold 9 ! %ops1 import$ f ,sydney4 ,?is insect1 app>5tly an importation f ,am]ica1 0 n obs]v$ prior to #ahhd1 & occurs z yet only sp>+ly1 m+l$ ) ,a4 cocc9eus1 f :i* x is easily di/+ui%$ by its elongat$ pup>ium4 #bb4 ,*ionaspis dubia1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xiv41 #ahha1 p4 #baf4 7,plate ,,vi41 ,fig4 #b47 ,female pup>ium :ite1 flat1 elongat$1 pyri=m1 v ?92 ! pellicles r small2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/ab;94 ,male pup>ium :ite1 elongat$1 r oval2 v slightly c>9at$ above2 on ! "u-side are two longitud9al keels4 ,adult female yell[1 elongat$1 segm5t$2 ! abdom9al segm5ts some:at deep4 ,abdom5 end+ ) a m$ian depression2 t]m9al lobes inconspicu\s 7abs5t874 ,five gr\ps ( sp9n]ets3 upp]mo/ gr\p1 six to t5 orifices2 ! re/1 t5 to fifte54 ,adult male r$di% 9 col\r4 ,ant5n hairy1 #aj-;jo9t$1 ! fir/ two jo9ts v %ort4 ,feet normal1 ) f\r long1 f9e digitules4 ,at ! base ( ! abdom9al spike is a some:at l>ge tub]cle4 ,halt]e ( normal =m1 b ! t]m9al seta is v long1 f\r times z long z ! ?ick basal portion1 & has no t]m9al knob4 ,?oracic b& conspicu\s4 ,! ?orax is some:at long1 s t !re is a consid]able di/ance betwe5 ! fir/ & second pairs ( legs4 ,habitat--,on ,coprosma1 ,rubus1 ,aspl5ium1 ,pella1 ,ricc>ton ,bu% & ,nor? ,k[ai ,riv]1 ,cant]bury2 ,auckl&4 ,! female pup>ium resembles t ( ,c4 aspidi/r 7,signoret7 & ,c4 populi 7,br5sprung71 b ! abdom9al segm5t ( ! female diff]s f bo?4 #bc4 ,*ionaspis dysoxyli1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xvii41 #ahhd1 p4 #bb4 7,plate ,,vi41 ,fig4 #c47 ,female pup>ium ?91 flatti%1 pyri=m1 :ite 9 col\r1 ) a fa9t p9k t+e :5 ! egg-mass b5ea? %[s ?r\gh x2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/ab;94 ,! second pellicle is comp>atively l>ge4 ,male pup>ium :ite1 n>r[1 c>9at$2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/cf;94 ,! insect affects pr9cipally ! leaves ( ! plant1 & ! pup>ia are usually clu/]$ ?ickly along ! midrib4 ,adult female yell[i%-r$1 elongat$1 segm5t$2 b n v deeply4 ,abdom5 end+ 9 a brok5 curve1 ) _m curvil9e> incisions4 ,!re are f\rte5 lobes1 ( :i* ! two m$ian are ! l>ge/2 sep>at$ f !m by a sp9e on ea* side are two o!rs r small]2 !n ano!r sp9e & a %ort op5 space2 & !n ?ree small] lobes & ano!r sp9e2 ano!r space1 & !n a s+le small lobe1 foll[$ by a sp9e4 ,five gr\ps ( sp9n]ets3 l[] pair ) twelve to f\rte5 orifices2 upp] pair ) sev5 to t52 upp]mo/ gr\p1 f\r to six4 ,a few sp9y hairs are on ! edge ( ! abdom54 ,adult male unkn[n4 ,habitat--,on ,dysoxylon spectabile 7,kohe-kohe71 ,well+ton2 ,hawke's ,bay2 ,auckl&4 ,! l>ge :ite pup>ia ( ?is insect d mu* to spoil ! appe>ance ( ,dysoxylon1 "o ( ! mo/ %[y-leaf$ plants 9 ,new ,zeal&4 #bd4 ,*ionaspis m9or1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xvii41 #ahhd1 p4 #cc4 7,plate ,,vi41 ,fig4 #d47 ,female pup>ium :ite1 small1 n m ?an #a_/ae;94 9 l5g?1 usually less2 x is n>r[] & less pyri=m ?an is usual 9 ! g5us1 & is (t5 b5t 9 ! middle2 pellicles yell[4 ,male pup>ium :ite1 n>r[1 elongat$1 c>9at$1 ab\t #a_/cj;94 9 l5g?4 ,adult female elongat$2 segm5t$1 b n deeply2 col\r1 d>k-br[n4 ,abdom5 end+ 9 six small lobes1 ( :i* ! two m$ian--! l>ge/--are closely contigu\s4 ,betwe5 !m & ! next pair is a sp9e2 !n beyond ! second pair ano!r sp9e1 a space1 & a ?ird pair ( v small lobes2 aft] a long space !re is ano!r sp9e4 ,five gr\ps ( sp9n]ets3 upp]mo/ gr\p ) twelve to f\rte5 orifices2 upp] pair1 f\rte5 to sev5te52 l[] pair1 eighte5 to tw5ty-f\r3 _m s+le sp9n]ets4 ,adult male n kn[n4 ,habitat--,on ,p>sonsia1 ,hawke's ,bay2 on ,rhipogonum sc&5s 7supplejack71 ,well+ton2 ,cant]bury2 ,otago4 ,! small pup>ia & ! contigu\s abdom9al lobes ( ! female di/+ui% ?is species4 ,g5us3 ,,poliaspis1 ,maskell2 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xii41 #ahgi1 p4 #bic4 ,female pup>ia elongat$2 pellicles at "o end4 ,male pup>ia n>r[]1 elongat$1 pellicle at "o end4 ,female ) m ?an five gr\ps ( sp9n]ets2 abdom5 )\t fr+e4 ,9 ! k9dr$ g5us1 ,leucaspis1 ,t>gioni-,tozzetti 7,signoret1 loc4 cit41 #ahfh1 p4 #aja71 ! abdom5 has a cont9u\s fr+e ( long sp9es1 & ! gr\ps ( sp9n]ets v>y 9 numb] f five to eight4 #be4 ,poliaspis m$ia1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xii41 #ahgi1 p4 #bic4 7,plate ,,vi41 ,fig4 #e47 ,female pup>ium :ite1 elongat$1 pyri=m1 slightly convex2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/ah;94 ,male pup>ium elongat$1 n>r[1 :ite1 d\btfully c>9at$4 ,adult female elongat$1 segm5t$2 gre5i%-:ite2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/bd;94 ,rudim5t>y ant5n visible4 ,abdom5 end+ ) a m$ian depression1 & inconspicu\s lobes2 sev]al scatt]$ sp9y hairs4 ,eight gr\ps ( sp9n]ets3 f\r1 conta9+ ea* f tw5ty to ?irty orifices1 are plac$ 9 opposite pairs1 ! fif?1 ) f\r to six orifices1 be+ betwe5 ! upp] pair2 above ^!1 ?ree o!r gr\ps =m an ar*1 ! two out] ones hav+ eight to t5 op5+s1 ! middle "o ?ree to five4 ,_m s+le sp9n]ets4 ,adult male ( a bright sc>let or deep-orange col\r4 ,! ant5n1 cov]$ ) longi% hairs1 h t5 jo9ts1 ! fir/ two v %ort & ?ick2 ! next five long1 equal1 & cyl9drical2 ! eigh? & n9? some:at %ort]2 ! t5? fusi=m1 & z long z ! sev5?4 ,! legs are r long2 ! femur ?ick1 ! tibia m sl5d]1 broad5+ t[>ds ! t>sus1 :i* is ab\t "o-?ird z long z ! tibia1 & n>r[s %>ply d[n to ! claw4 ,bo? t>sus & tibia are hairy4 ,! digitules are f9e hairs4 ,habitat--,on ,v]onica1 sp41 & ,leucopogon ,fras]i1 ,nor? ,k[ai ,riv]1 ,cant]bury2 on ,cya?odes ac]osa1 ,well+ton2 on f]ns1 ,napi]4 ,g5us3 ,,fior9ia1 ,t>gioni-,tozzetti4 ,uhl]ia1 ,com/ock2 #bnd ,entom4 ,rep41 ,cornell ,univ41 #ahhc1 p4 #aaj4 ,female pup>ium elongat$2 fir/ pellicle small1 at "o end2 second pellicle v l>ge1 entirely cov]+ ! insect1 & almo/ ext5d+ to ! edges ( ! pup>ium4 ,male pup>ium elongat$2 small] & n>r[] ?an t ( ! female2 sometimes c>9at$2 pellicle at "o end4 ,mr4 ,com/ock proposes ! "n ,uhl]ia = ?is g5us1 because ,pr(essor ,t>gioni1 e/abli%+ 8 g5us = ! species to :i* he orig9ally gave ! "n ( ,diaspis fior9i1 *ang$ at ! same "t ! specific "n to pellucida4 ,?is1 ,mr4 ,com/ock says1 necessitates n[ an entirely new g5]ic "n4 ,t>gioni's nom5clature has be5 foll[$ "h1 z likely to lead to less confusion4 #bf4 ,fior9ia a/eli1 ,maskell4 ,diaspis gigas1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xi41 #ahgh1 p4 #bja2 ,vol4 ,,xiv41 #ahha1 p4 #bag2 ,vol4 ,,xvii41 #ahhd1 p4 #bd4 ,uhl]ia gigas1 ,com/ock2 #bnd ,entom4 ,rep41 ,cornell ,univ41 #ahhc1 p4 #aaa4 7,plate ,,vi41 ,fig4 #f47 ,female pup>ium elongat$1 flat1 r\ghly pyri=m or ovate1 ?92 ! secretion is yell[i%-br[n or dirty-:ite1 b is sc>cely noticeable1 on acc\nt ( ! second pellicle2 l5g? v>iable1 f #a_/ab;94 to #a_/h;942 bread?1 ab\t #a_/af;94 ,fir/ pellicle small1 at "o end4 ,second pellicle1 v l>ge1 almo/ fill+ ! pup>ium1 r\ghly pyri=m2 abdom9al region segm5t$2 cephalic region l>ge1 oval2 abdom9al segm5ts tap]+1 exhibit+ at ! extremity ei!r m9ute s]rations1 floriat$ lobes1 or tusk-l lobes1 or a smoo? curve2 ! fir/ abdom9al segm5t sometimes produc$ into r\ndly-triangul> lobes4 ,male pup>ium flatti%1 elongat$2 l5g?1 f #a_/aj;94 to #a_/h;942 :ite1 ?92 r\ghly pyri=m1 b n>r[] ?an t ( ! female2 c5tral portion slightly convex1 seem+ on ! "u-side to h two keels2 n c>9at$ above4 ,adult female yell[ or br[n2 segm5t$2 at fir/ elongat$1 ! cephalic region comp>atively l>ge1 b dur+ ge/ation %r9k+ up until ! insect assumes ! =m ( ,aspidiotus4 ,abdom5 end+ 9 a m9utely-s]rat$ edge1 ) sev]al small simple lobes1 betwe5 :i* are longi% sp9y hairs4 ,sp9n]ets 9 an almo/ cont9u\s ar*1 conta9+ sev5ty to a hundr$ orifices2 sev]al s+le sp9n]ets4 ,adult male yell[1 sl5d]4 ,ant5n1 t5-jo9t$1 z long z ! body2 ea* jo9t except ! two fir/ long & hairy2 ! la/ jo9t fusi=m4 ,feet1 long & sl5d]2 digitules1 f9e hairs4 ,abdom9al spike1 sl5d]1 n v long1 spr++ f a small tub]cul> base4 ,?is is a v>iable insect 9 size1 col\r1 edge ( abdom51 & sp9n]ets4 ,on ! b>k ( ,pittosporum eug5ioide a v>iety has ! extremity ( ! second pellicle ri*ly floriat$1 o!r features rema9+ z above4 ,x has n be5 ?\ght advisable to erect all ^! v>ieties into diff]5t species4 ,! male pupa1 9 its e>li] /ate1 is elongat$1 segm5t$1 & may be mi/ak5 = a female ( ,mytilaspis drimydis2 b diff]s 9 its greyi%-yell[ col\r1 & also 9 ! =m ( ! pup>ium4 ,habitat--,on ,a!rosp]ma ,nov ,zl&i2 ,a/elia cunn+hamii2 ,coprosma1 sp4 v>42 ,pittosporum eug5ioide1 c42 ,well+ton2 ,cant]bury2 ,hawke's ,bay2 ,otago2 ,nelson2 ,auckl&4 ,! pup>ia ( ?is insect are frequ5tly cov]$ by a species ( torulace\s 787 fungus :i* spreads ov] ! leaf !y are on 9 a ?91 br[n %eet4 #bg4 ,fior9ia grossul>i1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xvi41 #ahhc1 p4 #abc4 ,female pup>ium irregul>ly oval1 be+ =m$ *iefly by ! second pellicle1 ) a n>r[ edge ( fibr\s secretion2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/bj;94 ,adult female elongat$2 segm5t$2 ! cephalic end slightly prolong$ into a compress$ cyl9d]4 ,segm5ts be>+ at ! edge ?ree %>p sp9es4 ,! edge ( ! abdom9al segm5t is mu* brok5 by s]rations1 & ends 9 two broadi% m$ian lobes1 ) two small] lobes on ea* side4 ,sev]al %>p1 long sp9es are set 9 pairs along ! s]rat$ edge4 ,five gr\ps ( sp9n]ets1 ! ?ree upp] =m+ a cont9u\s ar*4 ,col\r ( insect1 d>k-grey4 ,adult male & pup>ium unkn[n4 ,habitat--,on gooseb]ries1 ,amb]ley1 ,cant]bury4 ,a d\btful species4 #bh4 ,fior9ia m9ima1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xvi41 #ahhc1 p4 #abb4 ,female pup>ium flat1 elongat$1 oval2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/cf;94 ,fir/ pellicle1 comp>atively l>ge2 ! second almo/ fills ! pup>ium4 ,male pup>ium r long] ?an t ( ! female1 b mu* n>r[]2 c>9at$4 ,adult female elongat$2 segm5t$2 col\r1 p9k4 ,! abdom9al segm5t some:at long1 ! edge brok5 by a numb] ( deepi% curvil9e> s]rations1 & end+ 9 two inconspicu\s m$ian lobes1 ) ?ree o!rs1 mu* small]1 on ea* side4 ,f ! s]rations spr+ "s hairs4 ,!re are five gr\ps ( sp9n]ets1 b ! ?ree upp] ones1 almo/ or q conjo9$1 =m a ne>ly-cont9u\s ar*1 conta9+ =ty to fifty orifices2 ! two l[] gr\ps h fifte5 to tw5ty4 ,!re are sev]al s+le sp9n]ets4 ,! adult insect1 be=e ge/ation1 ne>ly fills ! space cov]$ by ! second pellicle2 aft] ge/ation x %r9ks up into v small compass at ! cephalic end ( ! pup>ium4 ,adult male unkn[n4 ,habitat--,on ,bra*yglottis rep&a2 ,panax arboreum1 ,port ,hills1 ,cant]bury4 ,diff]s f ! ,european species1 ,f4 pellucida 7,t>gioni71 9 its extremely-m9ute size1 9 ! s]rations ( ! abdom51 & ! numb] ( its hairs4 ,also 9 ,f4 pellucida ! "y female l>va has two tub]cles betwe5 ! ant5n1 :i* are n se5 9 ,f4 m9ima4 #bi4 ,fior9ia /ricta1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xvi41 #ahhc1 p4 #abd2 ,vol4 ,,xvii41 #ahhd1 p4 #bd4 7,plate ,,vi41 ,fig4 #g47 ,female pup>ium elongat$1 n>r[1 ) sides almo/ /raight & p>allel2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/aa;942 bread?1 ab\t #a_/ej;94 ,col\r ( secretion1 :ite1 b seem+ black1 z ! second pellicle %[s ?r\gh x4 ,fir/ pellicle1 black1 small1 at "o end2 ! cephalic portion prolong$ 9 a slightly-cyl9drical =m4 ,second pellicle1 v long1 fill+ ! pup>ium2 black2 entire = mo/ ( its l5g?1 b at ! abdom9al extremity cut across by transv]se divisions =m+ n>r[ radiat+ segm5ts2 extreme edge semi-circul>1 %>ply s]rat$4 ,texture1 horny1 h>d1 & /rong4 ,male pup>ium elongat$1 n>r[1 l t ( ! female2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/ab;942 col\r :ite2 pellicle1 black1 at "o end2 n c>9at$4 ,"s pup>ia1 bo? male & female1 are f\nd slightly curv$4 ,adult female small1 elongat$1 segm5t$2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/cj;941 %rivell+ at ge/ation4 ,cephalic portion compress$1 cyl9drical4 ,abdom5 some:at elongat$1 end+ 9 a numb] ( %>p-po9t$1 triangul>1 too?-l lobes1 betwe5 :i* may be made out a few 7f\r87 v m9ute1 r\ndly-triangul> lobes4 ,five gr\ps ( sp9n]ets1 ! ?ree upp] gr\ps almo/ jo9$ 9 an ar*2 9 ! ar*1 =ty to fifty orifices2 9 ! two l[] gr\ps1 t5 to fifte54 ,adult male1 br[n4 ,ant5n1 t5-jo9t$2 ea* jo9t except ! fir/ two long & hairy2 on ! la/ jo9t "o hair long] ?an ! re/1 & end+ 9 a knob4 ,legs1 sl5d]2 claw1 v ?92 digitules1 f9e hairs4 ,habitat--,on ,d5drobium1 sp41 ,h$yc>ya1 sp41 ,hawke's ,bay2 ,phormium t5ax1 ,cordyl9e au/ralis1 ,a/elia cunn+hamii1 ,muhl5beckia1 sp41 ,well+ton2 ,cant]bury2 ,nelson4 ,gr\p ,,ii4--,,lecanid94 ,female insects flat1 convex1 or globul>2 elongat$ or circul>2 nak$1 or cov]$ ) waxy1 horny1 glassy1 cottony1 or felt$ secretion =m+ a cov]+ or te/4 ,adults sometimes apod\s & )\t ant5n4 ,abdom5 9 all /ages exhibit+ a m or less def9$ cleft1 &1 above or beside x1 on ! dorsal surface1 two m or less conspicu\s1 r\ghly triangul>1 lobes4 ,m5tum usually monom]\s or dim]\s4 ,male l>v resembl+ females4 ,male pup cov]$ ) a te/ ( secretion1 waxy or glassy4 ,male adults n greatly diff]+ f ,diaspid92 abdom9al spike usually %ort & ?ick4 ,,subdivisions ,,& ,,g5]a4 ,subdivision ,i4 ,insects cov]+ !mselves ) a secretion1 compos$ *iefly ( waxy1 horny1 or glassy matt] ,lecanodiaspid4 ,te/ ( female horny1 p>tly =m$ ( ! second pellicle ,lecano*iton4 ,te/ ( female waxy1 ) a s+le fr+e ( broad segm5ts at ! edge ,ct5o*iton4 ,te/ ( female glassy1 elevat$1 /riat$ ) air-cells ,+lisia4 ,n yet repres5t$ 9 ,new ,zeal&4 ,te/ ( female waxy1 produc$ into radiat+ bran*es ,v9sonia4 ,te/ ( female waxy1 )\t fr+e or bran*es ,c]opla/es4 ,te/ ( female waxy1 elevat$1 n /riat$ ) air-cells ,fairmairia4 ,te/s agglom]at$ 9 a waxy mass conta9+ colonies ( insects1 male & female ,c>t]ia4 ,te/ ( female abs5t2 te/s ( males aggregat$ 9 a waxy mass ,eric]us4 ,subdivision ,,ii4 ,female insects nak$ ,lecanid4 ,females propagat+ )\t ovisac1 arboreal ,lecanium4 ,females con/ruct+ ovisac1 arboreal ,pulv9>ia4 ,n yet repres5t$ 9 ,new ,zeal&4 ,females propagat+ )\t ovisac1 subt]ranean1 reta9+ feet & ant5n ,lecanopsis4 ,females propagat+ )\t ovisac1 subt]ranean1 los+ feet & ant5n ,acl]da4 ,note4--,! g5us ,physok]mes1 ,t>gioni-,tozzetti1 is plac$ by ,signoret 7loc4 cit41 #ahgd1 p4 #hg7 among/ ^? :i* "h =m ?is subdivision2 b !re seems to be no suffici5t di/9ction betwe5 x & ,lecanium4 ,subdivision ,,iii4 ,insects cov]+ !mselves ) secretion ( cottony or felt$ matt] ,lecano-,coccid4 ,secretion felt$1 sc>cely app>5t on adult female1 conspicu\s on male pup & female ( e>ly /ages2 edge fr+$ ,erio*iton4 ,n yet repres5t$ 9 ,new ,zeal&4 ,secretion felt$1 appe>+ only 9 ! la/ /age1 aft] ge/ation ,signoretia4 ,secretion felt$1 =m+ a ne>ly complete sac on adult female be=e ge/ation ,lecanodiaspis4 ,secretion felt$1 =m+ complete sac on adult female ,philippia4 ,secretion cottony1 cov]+ adult female only aft] ge/ation ,li*t5sia4 ,secretion cottony1 =m+ a complete sac on adult female be=e ge/ation ,eriopeltis4 ,subdivision ,i4--,,lecanodiaspid1 ,t>gioni-,tozzetti4 ,female insects exhibit+ 9 all /ages ! abdom9al cleft & lobes4 ,l>v free1 nak$1 active4 ,females aft] ! fir/ metamorphosis con/ruct+ ov] !mselves a c>apace1 %ield1 or 7z call$ h]e97 te/1 ( glassy1 waxy1 or horny secretion4 ,te/ app>5tly homog5e\s1 really 9 mo/ cases =m$ ( aggregat$ segm5ts ov] ! insect1 & prolong$ beyond ! body 9 a flat s+le fr+e ( sep>ate1 m or less triangul> or quadrate1 segm5ts4 ,fr+e n always pres5t or conspicu\s 9 all /ages4 ,males1 aft] fir/ metamorphosis1 con/ruct+ a te/ ( simil> "* b v>y+ =m4 ,?is subdivision1 :5 fir/ e/abli%$ by ,t>gioni-,tozzetti1 includ$ only ! f\r g5]a ,poll9ia1 ,a/]olecanium1 ,plan*onia1 & ,lecanodiaspis1 all ( :i* are apod\s 9 ! adult /age ( ! female4 ,9 ?is "w ! two fir/ ( ^! are includ$ 9 a new gr\p1 ,hemi-,coccid92 ,plan*onia belongs to ! gr\p ,coccid92 ,lecanodiaspis is left 9 ! pres5t subdivision4 ,= ! reasons lead+ to ^! *anges1 & ! inclusion 9 ?is subdivision ( insects reta9+ ! feet 9 all /ages1 see ,n4,z4 ,transactions1 ,vol4 ,,xi41 #ahgh1 p4 #bjg1 & ,vol4 ,,xvi41 #ahhc1 pp4 #abe-abh4 ,g5us3 ,,lecano*iton1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xiv41 #ahha1 p4 #bbb4 ,te/ ( adult female horny 9 texture1 =m$ p>tly ( secretion1 p>tly ( ! pellicle ( ! second /age2 abdom9al cleft & lobes normal4 #cj4 ,lecano*iton metrosid]i1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xiv41 #ahha1 p4 #bbb2 ,vol4 ,,xvi41 #ahhc1 p4 #abi4 7,plate ,,vii41 ,fig4 #a47 ,te/ ( adult female br[n1 h>d1 horny-look+1 convex1 slightly elongat$1 op5 b5ea?1 loosely atta*$ to twigs by ! edges2 at ! top is ! pellicle ( ! second /age1 :i* is flat1 & gives ! te/ ! appe>ance ( an ov]turn$ basket1 ( :i* ! pellicle is ! foot4 ,l5g? ( te/ ab\t #a_/ae;94 ,rema9s ( ! ?9 :ite te/ ( ! second /age may sometimes be se5 on ! pellicle4 ,te/ ( ! male small1 :ite1 glassy1 elongat$1 convex4 ,! "y insect1 extremely m9ute1 nak$ & active1 is flat1 oval1 br[n1 or r r$di%1 usually f\nd at ! tips ( "y %oots or on leaves4 ,! ant5n h six jo9ts2 on ! la/ jo9t are sev]al hairs1 among/ :i* is "o excessively long1 slightly knobb$4 ,foot normal2 ! jo9ts hairy2 upp] digitules f9e knobb$ hairs1 l[] pair a little broad]4 ,9 ! second /age ! female is sc>cely alt]$3 ! ant5n & feet rema9 z be=e2 b !re is a te/1 :ite1 waxy1 v ?91 cov]+ ! dorsal surface1 & ext5d+ a little beyond ! edge 9 an irregul> fr+e4 ,on ! edge also are a numb] ( protrud+ sp9n]et tubes1 glassy1 :ite1 cyl9drical1 ei!r curv$ or /raight3 a few ( ^! tubes protrude on ! surface ( ! back4 ,adult female d>k-br[n 9 col\r1 fill+ ! te/2 convex above1 flat b5ea?4 ,ro/rum comp>atively l>ge2 m5tum probably monom]\s4 ,ant5n %ort1 ?ick1 atrophi$2 sev5-jo9t$1 b ! jo9ts are mu* confus$2 on ! la/ jo9t "s hairs4 ,feet abs5t4 ,f\r r[s ( r l>ge sp9n]ets radiate f ! m$ian region ( ! dorsum to ! edge1 & along ^!1 on ! l[] side ( ! te/1 are correspond+ n>r[ l9es ( :ite cottony secretion4 ,?is insect is vivip>\s1 ! "y be+ %elt]$ a:ile by ! "m1 ^: "u-side becomes concave dur+ ge/ation4 ,adult male d>k-r$2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/dj;94 ,ant5n ( t5 jo9ts1 ( :i* ! two fir/ are v %ort2 ! ?ird mu* long] & exp&$ at ! end2 ! f\r? m ?an twice z long z ! ?ird2 ! rema9d] ab\t equal 9 l5g? to ! ?ird1 b ?ick] & r\nd]1 be+ almo/ monili=m4 ,all b ! fir/ two jo9ts be> hairs4 ,foot normal2 digitules f9e hairs4 ,habitat--,on ,metrosid]os robu/a 7,rata71 ,mil=d ,s\nd2 ,bluff ,h>b\r4 ,on ,m4 tom5tosa 7,pohutukawa71 ,auckl&4 ,a peculi> species1 easily id5tifiable by ! pres5ce ( ! second pellicle on ! female te/4 ,g5us3 ,,ct5o*iton1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xi41 #ahgh1 p4 #bjh4 ,te/ ( female waxy1 ) a s+le fr+e ( too?-l1 m or less broad1 segm5ts r\nd ! edge4 ,te/ ( male waxy or glassy1 ) simil> fr+e4 ,! edge ( ! body1 9 ! second /age ( ! female1 usually pres5ts a wavy appe>ance1 =m$ by a s]ies ( re5t]+ curves4 ,?is is p]haps mo/ conspicu\s 9 ,ct4 p]=atus4 ,! ant5n ( ! adult female h six or sev5 jo9ts4 ,x is (t5 v difficult to det]m9e ! numb]1 z ! ?ird jo9t exhibits frequ5tly a %all[ circul> depression or r+ :i* may easily be mi/ak5 = a division4 ,dur+ ge/ation ! female1 :i* at fir/ fills ! te/1 %rivels up at "o end into a %apeless mass requir+ mac]ation 9 pota% to re/ore ! orig9al =m = exam9ation4 ,! te/ ?us becomes almo/ fill$ ) eggs4 ,! pres5ce ( ! fr+e1 :i* is noticeable 9 e species ( ?is g5us at "s "t or o!r1 di/+ui%es x f ,c]opla/es & ,v9sonia4 ,9 ,ct5o*iton viridis ! te/ is n to be made out 9 ! adult /age b is cle>ly visible 9 ! second /age ( ! female1 & x is pres5t1 ) ! *>act]i/ic fr+e1 = ! male4 #ca4 ,ct5o*iton depressus1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xvi41 #ahhc1 p4 #acb4 7,plate ,,vii41 ,fig4 #b47 ,te/ ( adult female flat1 ne>ly circul>1 ?91 waxy1 greyi%-col\r$2 fr+e inconspicu\s or sometimes abs5t4 ,no p]=ations or r[s ( air-cells4 ,diamet]1 ab\t #a_/g;94 ,! fr+e is m conspicu\s 9 ! te/ ( ! second /age4 ,te/ ( male elongat$1 n>r[1 flat b5ea?1 slightly convex above1 :ite1 glassy1 ?9 & brittle1 ) a conspicu\s fr+e ( :i* ! segm5ts are truncato-triangul>4 ,! te/ is divid$ into tessellations1 ! m$ian r[ ( :i* is quadrangul>1 ) two s]ies ( p5tagonal divisions betwe5 x & ! fr+e4 ,ne> ! abdom9al extremity a transv]se n>r[ slit cuts ! te/ 9 two1 leav+ a small segm5t at ! extreme end app>5tly sep>ate4 ,l5g? ( ! te/ ab\t #a_/ad;94 ,adult female fill+ ! te/1 b %rivell+ aft] ge/ation2 col\r br[ni% or grey4 ,ant5n ( six jo9ts1 ! ?ird be+ ! longe/1 &1 z is commonly ! case 9 ! g5us1 (t5 appe>+ l two4 ,on ! la/ jo9t a few long hairs4 ,foot normal2 ! upp] digitules are f9e hairs1 ! l[] pair only a little broad]4 ,anal r+ & lobes normal4 ,9 ! second /age ! usual wavy edge is conspicu\s2 ! te/ is ?91 glassy1 ) normal fr+e4 ,ant5n & feet normal4 ,! insect is some:at ?ick1 ) yell[i% col\r4 ,"y insect normal4 ,adult male yell[i%-r$ 9 col\r1 ab\t #a_/be;94 9 l5g?1 exclusive ( ! w+s4 ,g5]al =m normal4 ,ant5n long1 ) t5 jo9ts1 all long & equal1 except ! two fir/1 :i* are v %ort3 all ! jo9ts h sev]al hairs4 ,legs normal1 b ! tibi are v long & sl5d]1 & only a little ?ick5$ at ! tip2 t>si some:at ?ick2 digitules f9e hairs4 ,abdom9al spike long1 & v slightly curv$4 ,habitat--,on ,plagian?us1 ,cya!a1 c42 ,hawke's ,bay4 ,?is insect resembles1 to ! nak$ eye1 some:at ne>ly ,ct5o*iton p]=atus1 b ! female diff]s 9 ! abs5ce ( ! curi\s p]=ations 9 ! te/ ( t species1 & 9 ! %ort] & ?ick] ant5n1 ) also m long hairs on ! la/ jo9t4 ,! te/ ( ! male is also diff]5t4 #cb4 ,ct5o*iton eloc>pi1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xvii41 #ahhd1 p4 #bf4 7,plate ,,vii41 ,fig4 #c47 ,te/ ( adult female oval1 ne>ly circul>1 black 9 col\r1 divid$ into hexagonal & p5tagonal segm5ts :i* are n conspicu\s1 & ( :i* ! m$ian s]ies =ms a v slightly elevat$ ridge some:at light] 9 col\r4 ,! te/ is only slightly convex4 ,! fr+e is v long & conspicu\s1 ! segm5ts too?-l4 ,diamet] ( te/1 exclusive ( ! fr+e1 rea*es #a_/f;94 ,te/ ( male unkn[n4 ,te/ ( second /age ( female :ite1 waxy1 n homog5e\s1 b built up ( a numb] ( loosely-aggregat$ tubuli=m plates1 some:at resembl+ ^? ( ! g5us ,or!zia1 ,bosc4 ,! fr+e ( ?is te/ is long] ?an 9 t ( ! adult1 ! tee? curl+ 9 diff]5t ways4 ,l5g? ( te/ & fr+e1 sometimes #a_/h;94 ,! adult female fills ! te/1 %rivell+ at ge/ation4 ,col\r black4 ,ant5n some:at long1 ( sev5 jo9ts2 a few hairs on ! la/ jo9t4 ,foot normal2 upp] digitules /rong & ?ick1 l[] pair v broad4 ,on ! sk9 are a numb] ( l>ge oval spots :i* appe> to be ! orifices ( sp9n]et tubes4 ,female ( ! second /age want+ ! usual wavy edge ( ! g5us4 ,r\nd ! edge ( ! body is a r[ ( %>p conical sp9es set closely toge!r4 ,ant5n ( six some:at confus$ jo9ts4 ,feet normal4 ,adult male unkn[n4 ,habitat--,on ,eloc>pus d5tatus 7h9au71 ,well+ton4 ,! l>ge size1 black col\r1 & v conspicu\s fr+e ( ! adult female te/1 & ! :ite loose te/ ( ! second /age1 di/+ui% ?is species1 especially f ,ct4 fuscus4 #cc4 ,ct5o*iton elongatus1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xi41 #ahgh1 p4 #bab4 7,plate ,,vii41 ,fig4 #d47 ,te/ ( adult female elongat$1 n>r[1 convex4 ,l5g? sometimes rea*+ #a_/c;941 wid? ab\t #a_/aj;94 ,fr+e n always conspicu\s2 ! segm5ts quadrate outw>dly4 ,te/ divid$ into quadrangul> divisions4 ,col\r :iti%1 b (t5 black5$ by fungoid gr[?s4 ,te/ ( male unkn[n4 ,adult female fill+ ! te/1 %rivell+ at ge/ation4 ,edge ( ! body wavy4 ,/igmatic sp9es long & conspicu\s4 ,ant5n sev5-jo9t$4 ,feet normal2 l[] digitules abs5t 7874 ,adult male unkn[n4 ,habitat--,on ,g5io/oma ligu/rifolium1 ,auckl&2 on ,d5drobium sp41 ,hawke's ,bay2 on ,e>9a sp41 ,well+ton4 ,easily recogniz$ by ! great l5g? & n>r[ness ( ! female te/4 #cd4 ,ct5o*iton flavus1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xvi41 #ahhc1 p4 #acj2 ,vol4 ,,xvii41 #ahhd1 p4 #bf4 7,plate ,,vii41 ,fig4 #e47 ,female te/ gold51 waxy1 flat b5ea?1 convex above2 outl9e circul> or slightly elliptical1 ) a fr+e ( broadly triangul> segm5ts r\nd ! edge4 ,apex ( ! te/ an irregul> elongat$ mass ( wax1 ! rema9d] divid$ into two conc5tric s]ies ( plates1 ! inn] s]ies p5tagonal ) %>p angles1 ! out] p5tagonal ) r\nd$ angles & ) ! out] side =m+ ! base ( ! segm5ts ( ! fr+e4 ,! inn] s]ies =ms (t5 irregul> lumps ( wax4 ,diamet] ( te/ sometimes rea*+ #a_/i;94 ,! col\r is (t5 hidd5 by black fungoid gr[?s4 ,te/ ( male mu* n>r[] ?an t ( ! female1 hav+ an irregul>ly rectangul> edge ) deep curvil9e> depressions4 ,x is glassy1 :ite & %9+1 flat b5ea? & elevat$ above1 & m>k$ ) num]\s horizontal /ri4 ,! upp] c5tral portion is sometimes flat1 sometimes an irregul> mass ( ! glassy secretion4 ,on ! l[] side !re is (t5 a plate ( secretion1 s t ! pupa is almo/ entirely enclos$4 ,! adult female fills ! te/1 %rivell+ up aft] ge/ation3 x is consequ5tly flat b5ea?1 convex above1 ) g5]al outl9e ( ,lecanid94 ,! spiracul> sp9es are v long & conspicu\s2 f _! base a d\ble r[ ( m9ute circul> sp9n]et orifices runs z f> z ! spiracle1 ) two or ?ree outly+ ones at ! base ( ! sp9e2 & a s+le r[ ( ! same k9d ( orifices runs across ! body to ! spiracle on ! o!r side4 ,along ! edge ( ! body !re is a s]ies ( conical %>p sp9es2 & scatt]$ all ov] are _m tubul> project+ sp9n]ets4 ,! abdom9al cleft is deep1 & ! two lobes are conspicu\s on ! dorsal side2 ^! lobes are n smoo?1 b irregul>1 & ea* be>s at ! end ?ree or f\r /rong sp9es4 ,! ant5n h six jo9ts2 b ! ?ird jo9t (t5 looks l two on acc\nt ( ! false division or depress$ r+3 ! la/ jo9t has sev]al long hairs4 ,feet normal2 ! upp] digitules f9e long hairs1 ! l[] pair v broad4 ,! anal r+ be>s a numb] ( long hairs1 ( :i* eight seem to be conspicu\s4 ,! col\r ( ! insect is a gold5 br[n2 diamet] av]ag+ #a_/ab;94 ,! second /age ( ! female is normal ( ! g5us1 %[+ ! wavy outl9e1 some:at /rongly m>k$ 9 _m specim5s1 b n conspicu\s 9 o!rs4 ,! spiracul> sp9es are prom95t1 & a r[ ( conical sp9es runs r\nd ! edge ( ! body1 z 9 ! adult4 ,! te/ is at fir/ v ?9 & brittle1 & ) a fr+e ( broad1 %all[ segm5ts2 b aft]w>ds becomes ?ick]1 & 9 ! end1 be=e ! *ange to ! f9al /age1 x approa*es almo/ ! =m ( ! waxy te/ ( an adult ,c]opla/es4 ,! "y insect is normal4 ,! adult male is normal ( ! g5us4 ,! legs are v long & sl5d]2 ! f\r digitules are f9e hairs4 ,at ! extremity ( ! tibia !re is a /rong sp9e4 ,abdom9al spike1 or %ea? ( ! p5is1 slightly curv$1 ) a seta on ea* side ( its basal tub]cle4 ,ant5n ( t5 jo9ts2 ! fir/ two v %ort1 ! re/ long] & equal4 ,on ! la/ jo9t are sev]al long hairs1 ( :i* ?ree are knobb$4 ,habitat--,on ,bra*yglottis rep&a1 ,panax arboreum1 ,leptosp]mum scop>ium 7manuka71 ,eloc>pus d5tatus 7h9au72 ,well+ton4 ,! species is di/+ui%able by ! %ape & col\r ( ! te/ & ! arrangem5t ( ! sp9n]ets1 9 ! adult female4 ,! te/s ( ! second /age may sometimes be tak5 = adult ,c]opla/es rusci1 ,l9n42 b c be easily di/+ui%$ on exam9ation ( ! enclos$ insect4 #ce4 ,ct5o*iton fuscus1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xvi41 #ahhc1 p4 #aca4 7,plate ,,vii41 ,fig4 #f47 ,te/ ( ! adult female elliptical 9 outl9e1 flat bel[1 convex above1 ! elevation be+ great] ?an usual2 almo/ black 9 col\r1 compos$ ( a ?9 d>k waxy secretion4 ,! fr+e is conspicu\s1 & has ! appe>ance ( tee?1 ! segm5ts be+ %>ply triangul> & set closely toge!r4 ,l5g? ( te/ sometimes ne>ly #a_/d;941 bread? #a_/g;941 height #a_/aj;94 ,inside ( ! te/ :iti%4 ,te/ ( male glassy1 :ite1 elongat$1 slightly convex4 ,adult female fill+ ! te/1 %rivell+ at ge/ation4 ,ant5n %ort1 probably sev5-jo9t$1 b ! jo9ts are confus$2 on ! la/ jo9t sev]al hairs4 ,foot hav+ ! tibia exp&$ at ! extremity2 upp] digitules /rong & ?ick1 l[] pair end+ 9 conspicu\sly broad plates4 ,on ! edge ( ! body a r[ ( conical sp9es4 ,col\r almo/ black4 ,9 ! second /age ! female is less wavy 9 outl9e ?an 9 o!r species ( ! g5us1 & 9 its lat] p]iod is some:at ?ick1 ) ! edges turn$ inw>ds4 ,feet normal2 digitules f9e4 ,ant5n %ort & ?ick1 ) six jo9ts1 ( :i* ! ?ird & f\r? are ! longe/2 on ! la/ jo9t "s long hairs4 ,! abdom9al lobes are irregul>ly triangul>4 ,"y insect normal4 ,adult male unkn[n4 ,habitat--,on ,bra*yglottis rep&a1 ,panax arboreum2 ,port ,hills1 ,cant]bury 7,dry ,bu%74 ,di/+ui%$ by its l>ge size1 great convexity1 & black col\r1 :i* is n due to fungoid gr[?s1 al?\gh ^!1 z usual1 accompany x4 #cf4 ,ct5o*iton hym5an!r1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xvii41 #ahhd1 p4 #be4 7,plate ,,viii41 ,fig4 #a47 ,te/ ( adult female waxy1 circul>1 convex1 dirty-:ite1 yell[1 or br[ni%1 =m$ ( a numb] ( hexagonal or octagonal segm5ts1 :i* are also convex1 giv+ x a r\gh appe>ance4 ,fr+e n v conspicu\s4 ,diamet] ( te/1 ab\t #a_/ab;94 ,te/ ( male glassy1 dirty-:ite1 oval1 segm5t$1 slightly convex1 segm5ts ( fr+e small4 ,l5g?1 ab\t #a_/af;94 ,adult female yell[i%-br[n1 fill+ ! te/4 ,ant5n ( six jo9ts1 ( :i* bo? ! second & ?ird seem sometimes d\ble4 ,foot normal2 upp] digitules long f9e hairs1 l[] pair broad4 ,! spiracul> sp9es are /rong & conspicu\s4 ,! sk9 is divid$ into segm5ts correspond+ ) ^? ( ! te/1 ! divisions be+ m>k$ by l9es ( sp9n]et orifices :i* are small & simple4 ,9 ! second /age ! usual wavy edge ( ! g5us is n g5]ally app>5t4 ,adult male some:at ?ick & %ort4 ,ant5n ( n9e jo9ts1 ! fir/ %ort & ?ick1 ! rema9d] long & ne>ly equal2 ea* jo9t aft] ! fir/ has _m nodosities1 f :i* spr+ longi% hairs4 ,foot long & sl5d]1 especially ! tibia4 ,digitules f9e hairs4 ,?oracic b& inconspicu\s4 ,abdom9al spike %ort & blunt4 ,?is species is usually accompani$ by a great quantity ( v black fungus cov]+ & r5d]+ unsightly ! :ole plant on :i* x lives4 ,habitat--,on ,hym5an!ra crassifolia1 ,evans ,bay1 ,well+ton4 ,?is insect seems to be int]m$iate betwe5 ,c4 pip]is & ,c4 depressus1 diff]+ f bo? 9 ! rugose female te/ & ! di/ribution ( ! sp9n]et orifices4 #cg4 ,ct5o*iton p]=atus1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xi41 #ahgh1 p4 #bhj2 ,vol4 ,,xvi41 #ahhc1 p4 #acj4 7,plate ,,viii41 ,fig4 #b47 ,te/ ( adult female :ite1 waxy1 circul>1 ne>ly flat1 brittle1 ?9 except at ! edge4 ,fr+e ?91 segm5ts broadly triangul>4 ,diamet] ne>ly #a_/f;94 ,! te/ is divid$ by n>r[ l9es ( m9ute spots1 correspond+ to ! sp9n]et orifices ( ! insect1 into r[s ( p5tagonal or hexagonal segm5ts4 ,! int]ior segm5ts are only dott$1 b ! ext]ior r[ exhibits curvil9e> s]ies ( small p]=ations or air-cells arrang$ 9 slightly radiat+ r[s1 :i* ext5d also to ! correspond+ segm5ts ( ! fr+e4 ,! te/ ( ! second /age ( ! female is v ?9 & filmy1 waxy1 flat1 slightly elongat$2 ! fr+e z 9 ! adult2 b !re are no p]=ations or air-cells4 ,l5g?1 ab\t #a_/ad;94 ,te/ ( male waxy1 ?91 slightly elongat$1 r convex2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/ae;94 ,fr+e & air-cells z 9 ! female te/4 ,at ! abdom9al end is a jo9t or h+e sep>at+ ! la/ segm5t4 ,adult female fill+ ! te/1 %rivell+ at ge/ation2 col\r greyi% or gre5i%-:ite4 ,g5]al appe>ance some:at lea!ry4 ,r[s ( m9ute oval sp9n]ets run r\nd ! edge & across ! body1 correspond+ ) ! divisions ( ! te/4 ,ant5n ( six jo9ts1 ! ?ird jo9t be+ ! longe/1 & seem+ d\ble on acc\nt ( ! depress$ r+3 on ! la/ jo9t "s hairs4 ,feet normal1 ) some:at ?ick cox & femora3 upp] digitules long2 l[] pair n>r[4 ,anal r+ ) eight hairs4 ,a r[ ( scatt]$ small hairs runs r\nd ! edge ( ! body4 ,female ( second /age v ?9 & transp>5t1 seem+ l a blui%-gre5 film4 ,! wavy edge is conspicu\s4 ,ant5n ( six jo9ts4 ,adult male yell[i%4 ,ant5n n9e-jo9t$1 e jo9t except ! fir/ be>+ sev]al hairs4 ,feet normal2 upp] digitules n long1 l[] pair f9e hairs4 ,?oracic b& conspicu\s & long4 ,abdom9al spike %ort4 ,habitat--,on ,pittosporum eug5ioide1 ,p4 t5uifolium1 ,panax arboreum1 ,coprosma lucida1 ,rubus1 c41 ,ricc>ton ,bu%1 ,*ri/*ur*2 ,nelson2 ,dun$92 ,well+ton4 #ch4 ,ct5o*iton pip]is1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xiv41 #ahha1 p4 #bah2 ,vol4 ,,xvii41 #ahhd1 p4 #be4 7,plate ,,viii41 ,fig4 #c47 ,te/ ( adult female circul>1 convex1 regul>ly tessellat$ 9 hexagonal segm5ts2 fr+e n v regul>1 sometimes almo/ or q abs5t2 waxy1 some:at ?ick2 diamet]1 ab\t #a_/ae;94 ,col\r v>iable2 out] p>ts :ite1 yell[1 or gre5i%-:ite1 c5tral segm5ts purpli%4 ,te/ ( second /age ( female waxy1 v ?91 flat1 ) fr+e ( broadly triangul> segm5ts3 no air-cells4 ,l5g?1 ab\t #a_/cj;94 ,te/ ( male elongat$1 convex1 glassy1 segm5t$4 ,l5g?1 ab\t #a_/bj;94 ,slightly col\r$ l t ( ! female4 ,adult female fill+ ! te/4 ,col\r correspond+ ) t ( ! te/4 ,at ge/ation ! "u-side becomes holl[1 & ! "y are %elt]$ b5ea? x = a:ile4 ,ant5n sev5-jo9t$2 on ! la/ jo9t sev]al hairs4 ,feet normal2 l[] digitules r broad4 ,r\nd ! dorsal surface1 half-way betwe5 ! c5tre & ! edge1 is a r[ ( swell+s,o or tub]cles4 ,o ,possibly spiracul>4 ,female ( second /age elongat$1 ! cephalic portion n>r[] ?an ! abdom52 flat1 ?92 edge wavy2 /igmatic sp9es r /\t2 a few small sp9es on ! edge4 ,ant5n six-jo9t$2 feet normal4 ,"y insect ( normal =m1 b ) num]\s m9ute wr9kles on ! edge ( ! body4 ,adult male gre5i%-yell[2 ant5n n9e-jo9t$4 ,foot normal1 ) some:at ?ick t>sus4 ,p5is end+ 9 a r\nd1 some:at l>ge knob4 ,habitat--,on ,pip] excelsum 7kawakawa72 ,auckl&1 ,hawke's ,bay1 ,well+ton4 ,! regul>ly-circul> =m & col\r$ segm5ts ( ! female te/1 & ! tub]cles ( ! dorsum1 di/+ui% ?is species4 #ci4 ,ct5o*iton viridis1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xi41 #ahgh1 p4 #baa2 ,vol4 ,,xvii41 #ahhd1 p4 #bd4 7,plate ,,ix41 ,fig4 #a47 ,te/ ( adult female abs5t or fragm5t>y2 v ?91 waxy1 :ite1 divid$ into p5tagonal or hexagonal segm5ts1 ea* ( :i* exhibits num]\s conc5tric wavy curves1 cross$ by /raight l9es radiat+ f ! c5tre2,p ! segm5ts are sep>at$ by d\ble l9es ( m9ute spots1 correspond+ to ! sp9n]et orifices ( ! insect4 ,no air-cells4 ,fr+e seldom visible4 ,p ,! radiat+ l9es & conc5tric curves ( ^! segm5ts are usually some:at conspicu\s1 at lea/ on ! adult female1 & s]ve to di/+ui% ! te/ f t ( ,c4 elongatus1 :i* o!rwise resembles x4 ,te/ ( female ( second /age v ?91 :ite1 waxy1 flat1 divid$ into segm5ts ) conc5tric curves & radiat+ l9es z 9 ! adult4 ,fr+e ( broad segm5ts4 ,no air-cells4 ,l5g?1 ab\t #a_/ae;94 ,te/ ( male glassy1 :ite1 elongat$1 slightly convex1 divid$ into segm5ts simil>ly m>k$ to ^? ( ! female4 ,abdom9al segm5ts sep>at$ f ! te/ by a transv]se l9e1 or h+e4 ,l5g?1 ab\t #a_/f;94 ,adult female bright-gre5 9 col\r1 ?ick1 elongat$ or pyri=m1 ! cephalic portion some:at acum9ate2 l5g? sometimes rea*+ #a_/b;94 ,x produces a conspicu\s depression 9 ! leaf1 9 :i* ! body is p>tially buri$4 ,ant5n ( six jo9ts 7app>5tly sev51 b ! ?ird jo9t %[s ! false division or depress$ r+71 (t5 atrophi$4 ,feet normal1 cox & femora ?ick4 ,aft] ge/ation ! insect frequ5tly becomes br[n1 cov]$ ) a mass ( :ite mealy or felt$ secretion4 ,female ( ! second /age ?91 filmy1 transluc5t2 flat1 elongat$1 ) wavy outl9e2 col\r gre52 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/bj;94 ,ant5n ( six jo9ts4 ,adult male gre5i%-yell[2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/ae;94 ,ant5n ( n9e jo9ts4 ,feet normal2 digitules abs5t4 ,a /rong sp9e at ! extremity ( ! tibia4 ,habitat--,on ,panax arboreum1 ,coprosma lucida1 ,h$yc>ya d5tata1 ,a!rosp]ma ,nov-,zl&i1 ,rubus au/ralis2 ,cant]bury1 ,otago1 ,well+ton1 ,nelson1 ,auckl&1 ,hawke's ,bay4 ,?is is probably ! l>ge/ kn[n species ( ! ,lecanid94 ,its size & bright-gre5 col\r 9 ! adult /ate cle>ly di/+ui% x4 ,! female ( ! second /age resembles ne>ly t ( ,ct4 p]=atus1 b is some:at ?ick]1 & ! m>k+s ( ! segm5ts ( ! te/ are diff]5t4 ,g5us3 ,,+lisia1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xi41 #ahgh1 p4 #bac4 ,te/ ( female glassy1 elevat$1 /riat$ ) radiat+ r[s ( air-cells4 ,fr+e n always pres5t 9 ! adult /age4 ,9 ! g5us ,fairmairia1 ,signoret1 !re is also an elevat$ te/1 b x is waxy1 & exhibits no air-cells1 & has no fr+e 9 any /age4 #dj4 ,+lisia leptosp]mi1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xiv41 #ahha1 p4 #bbj2 ,vol4 ,,xvii41 #ahhd1 p4 #bg4 7,plate ,,ix41 ,fig4 #b47 ,te/ ( adult female :ite1 glassy or waxy1 elongat$1 convex above1 flat & op5 b5ea?1 =m$ ( sev]al agglut9at$ segm5ts1 ea* segm5t m or less convex or conical1 m$ian segm5ts usually five 9 numb]2 at ! edge an irregul> fr+e1 b ! fr+e is (t5 abs5t4 ,av]age l5g? ( te/1 #a_/aj;94 ,! m>g9al segm5ts sometimes assume ! =m ( small cones1 z if a numb] ( second>y te/s 7 atta*$ to ! pr9cipal "o4 ,all ! segm5ts are m>k$ ) /ri radiat+ f ! apex ( ea*3 ! /ri1 :i* are compos$ ( air-cells1 wid5 f ! apex to ! base4 ,te/ ( ! male :ite1 glassy1 elongat$1 convex1 n unlike t ( ! female1 b ) a long] fr+e2 x has also its po/]ior segm5t divid$ f ! re/ by a transv]se slit or h+e2 av]age l5g?1 ab\t #a_/ae;94 ,adult female fill+ ! te/1 %rivell+ at ge/ation2 col\r br[n2 abdom9al lobes yell[1 conspicu\s4 ,! flat "u-surface is smoo?2 ! dorsum divid$ by l>ge corrugations1 ea* segm5t correspond+ to "o 9 ! te/4 ,ant5n ( sev5 jo9ts1 ( :i* ! ?ird is ! longe/1 ! f\r?1 fif?1 & six? ! %orte/2 a few hairs1 especially on ! la/ jo9t4 ,feet normal2 ! tibia is some:at ?91 & has "o sp9e or hair at its tip4 ,digitules normal2 upp] pair long knobb$ hairs1 l[] pair v broad4 ,! female 9 ! second /age is also convex above1 flat bel[1 b is less ?ick ?an ! adult1 & has n ! corrugations4 ,g5]al =m elongat$-oval2 ! abdom9al lobes are n1 z usual1 smoo?1 b approa* by irregul>ity ! anal tub]cles ( ! ,coccid91 & l !m be> a few hairs4 ,! anal r+ has eight hairs4 ,ant5n ( six jo9ts4 ,feet normal2 digitules z 9 adult4 ,on ! sk9 are sev]al scatt]$1 circul>1 v m9ute sp9n]ets2 ! /igmatic sp9es are long & conspicu\s1 & along ! edge runs a r[ ( conical hairs or sp9es4 ,adult male yell[i%-gre5 9 col\r1 ! body sl5d] & tap]+4 ,f ! abdom5 spr+ two v long :ite cottony set1 "o on ea* side ( ! spike1 :i* is /raight & %ort4 ,ant5n ( t5 jo9ts2 ! fir/ two %ort1 ! re/ long1 ?91 & hairy4 ,( ^!1 ! sev5?1 eigh?1 & n9? are ! %orte/2 on ! la/ jo9t ?ree long knobb$ hairs4 ,feet sl5d]1 hairy2 digitules normal4 ,?oracic b& inconspicu\s4 ,habitat--,on ,leptosp]mum scop>ium 7manuka72 ,*ri/*ur*1 ,kaiapoi1 ,well+ton1 ,auckl&4 ,x affects ! twigs ( ! plant1 & n ! leaves4 #da4 ,+lisia ornata1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xvii41 #ahhd1 p4 #bg4 7,plate ,x41 ,fig4 #a47 ,te/ ( adult female r$di%-br[n1 ! base m or less oval1 ! re/ elevat$ 9 a cone & end+ 9 a prom95ce /&+ up l a m or less %>p horn2 sometimes !re are two ( ^! horns4 ,! te/ is =m$ ( a numb] ( polygonal segm5ts1 ea* slightly elevat$1 & all are m>k$ ) ! radiat+ /ri peculi> to ! g5us4 ,!re is a fr+e ( %>ply triangul> segm5ts1 also /riat$4 ,av]age l5g? ( te/1 ab\t #a_/f;941 b specim5s atta9 a l5g? ( #a_/d;942 height1 ab\t #a_/aj;94 ,te/ ( second /age g5]ally resembl+ t ( ! adult1 b small] & less conical1 & m t+$ ) gre52 & at ! edge a numb] ( %ort sp9n]et tubes may be se5 protrud+4 ,te/ ( ! male elongat$-oval1 convex1 b want+ ! prom95t horn ( ! female1 glassy1 :ite t+$ ) yell[i%-br[n1 compos$ ( segm5ts m>k$ ) conspicu\s /ri4 ,l5g?1 #a_/ab;94 ,fr+e (t5 pres5t1 b irregul>2 (t5 abs5t4 ,! adult female fills ! te/1 %rivell+ aft] ge/ation4 ,x exhibits ! horn1 or two horns1 z 9 ! te/4 ,ant5n ( sev5 jo9ts1 ! ?ird jo9t %[+ ! false division not$ 9 o!r species ( ,lecanodiaspid4 ,feet normal2 upp] digitules /rong & ?ick1 l[] pair r broad4 ,along ! edge ( ! body is a r[ ( %>p lanceolate sp9es set closely toge!r1 & ! spiracul> sp9es are long & conspicu\s4 ,a d\ble or triple r[ ( m9ute circul> sp9n]ets m>ks ! divisions correspond+ to ! segm5ts ( ! te/4 ,col\r ( ! insect gre5i%1 turn+ br[n aft] ge/ation4 ,! abdom9al lobes are br[n4 ,9 ! second /age ! female resembles g5]ally ! adult2 b ! ant5n h six jo9ts1 & among/ ! m>g9al sp9es are "s v mu* l>g] ?an ! re/4 ,! "y l>va is flat & oval1 & at ! m>g9 %[s a fr+e ( long glassy po9t$ tubes1 spr++ f ! m>g9al sp9es4 ,! adult male is ab\t #a_/bj;94 9 l5g? 7exclusive ( ! w+s71 br[ni% or r$di%-yell[ 9 col\r1 ! w+s hyal9e & iridesc5t1 ) r$ n]vures4 ,ant5n ( t5 jo9ts1 on ! la/ ( :i* are1 among/ o!rs1 ?ree long knobb$ hairs4 ,foot ) a sp9e at ! extremity ( ! tibia2 digitules f9e hairs4 ,at ea* side ( ! abdom9al spike spr+s a /rong seta1 f :i* ext5ds a :ite cottony p5cil1 z long z ! body ( ! insect4 ,! p5is is a long s(t cyl9drical tube cov]$ ) m9ute recurv$ sp9es4 ,?oracic b& %ort & n>r[4 ,habitat--,on ,eloc>pus d5tatus 7h9au71 ,leptosp]mum scop>ium 7manuka72 ,well+ton4,q ,q ,! male pup may be f\nd n unfrequ5tly on o!r plants1 su* z ,coprosma1 ,pittosporum1 c4 ,?is is a h&some species3 ! col\r & ! horns ( ! te/ are cle> di/9ctions4 #db4 ,+lisia patella1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xi41 #ahgh1 p4 #bac2 ,vol4 ,,xiv41 #ahha1 p4 #bai4 7,plate ,x41 ,fig4 #b47 ,te/ ( adult female conical or limpet-%ap$1 :ite1 glassy1 slightly elongat$1 /riat$ ) r[s ( air-cells radiat+ f ! apex1 & increas+ 9 size to ! edge4 ,l5g? ( te/1 ab\t #a_/ad;942 height1 ab\t #a_/dj;94 ,! edge is usually v wavy4 ,te/ ( male simil>1 b a little small] & m elongat$4 ,adult female fill+ ! te/1 %rivell+ at ge/ation4 ,col\r gre5i%-yell[4 ,edge wavy1 correspond+ to ! curves ( ! te/4 ,ant5n v %ort1 six-jo9t$2 on ! la/ ?ree jo9ts "s hairs4 ,feet normal2 upp] digitules v long1 l[] pair n>r[4 ,on ! edge ( ! body is a r[ ( sp9es1 ( :i* ea* alt]nate "o is conical1 ! rema9d] club-%ap$2 ! edge seems d\ble or ribbon-l1 & inside x is a r[ ( sp9n]ets1 beyond :i* is a n>r[ l9e ( %ort regul> curves4 ,abdom9al cleft wide & circul> above1 ! extremities almo/ meet+4 ,anal r+ ) eight long hairs4 ,female ( second /age flatti%1 elongat$1 wavy-edg$2 n exhibit+ alt]nate conical & clavate sp9es4 ,"y l>va nak$1 flat1 active2 r\nd ! edge a r[ ( clavate sp9es1 b no conical sp9es4 ,l5g?1 ab\t #a_/ej;94 ,adult male gre5i%-yell[2 l5g?1 #a_/bd;94 ,ant5n ( t5 jo9ts1 all except ! fir/ be>+ hairs4 ,foot normal2 digitules f9e hairs4 ,abdom9al spike ab\t half ! l5g? ( ! abdom51 ) two long :ite set spr++ f ! basal tub]cle4 ,habitat--,on ,coprosma lucida1 ,ricc>ton ,bu%1 ,*ri/*ur*2 ,drimys colorata1 7pl5tifully7 on hill above ,lyttelton2 ,a!rosp]ma1 ,well+ton4 ,a v pretty little species1 cle>ly di/+ui%$ by ! =m ( ! te/ & ! alt]nate sp9es ( ! adult female4 ,subdivision ,,ii4--,,lecanid4 ,female insects nak$ 9 all /ages2 =m v>iable2 apod\s 9 adult /age1 or reta9+ ! feet2 vivip>\s or ovip>\s1 ) or )\t atta*$ ovisac2 abdom9al cleft & lobes always pres5t4 ,male pup 9 "s cases cov]$ ) waxy secretion4 ,g5us3 ,,lecanium1 ,illig]4 ,females nak$1 flat or convex2 vivip>\s or ovip>\s2 propagat+ )\t ovisac2 arboreal4 ,dr4 ,signoret 7loc4 cit41 #ahgc1 p4 #cif7 divides ! g5us into six s]ies1 z foll[s3-- 7#a47 ,species flat1 usually vivip>\s2 example1 ,l4 hesp]idum4 7#b47 ,species m or less convex1 elongat$2 example1 ,l4 p]sic4 7#c47 ,species m or less globul>1 ! sk9 tessellat$2 example1 ,l4 ac]is4 7#d47 ,species m or less globul>1 ! sk9 p]=at$ ) oval m>k+s2 example1 ,l4 hemisphricum4 7#e47 ,species rugose1 ) dorsal keels2 example1 ,l4 ole4 7#f47 ,species globul>1 ) cleft b5ea? = atta*m5t to twigs2 example1 ,l4 em]ici4 ,! foll[+ are ! only species report$ z yet 9 ,new ,zeal&2 b ! g5us is s widely spread & ! species are s num]\s t d\btless _m o!rs w h]eaft] occur 9 ?is c\ntry4 #dc4 ,lecanium depressum1 ,t>gioni-,tozzetti1 ,catal4 7#ahfh71 #cg1 #h2 ,/ud4 sul ,cocc941 #bi4 ,maskell1 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xi41 #ahgh1 p4 #bjf4 7,plate ,,xi41 ,fig4 #a47 ,adult female elongat$1 some:at acum9ate at ! cephalic end1 slightly convex2 r$di%-br[n2 sk9 m>k$ ) two dorsal keels & num]\s irregul> tessellations1 f9ely punctate4 ,ant5n ( eight jo9ts2 on ! fir/ two & ! la/ ?ree jo9ts "s hairs4 ,feet normal1 r long2 "o ( ! l[] digitules is l>g] ?an ! o!r4 ,l5g? ( insect1 ab\t #a_/aj;94 ,male unkn[n4 ,habitat 9 ,new ,zeal&--,on plants 9 gre5h\ses2 ,*ri/*ur*1 ,well+ton4 ,9 ,europe1 on ,ficus1 9 ho?\ses4 ,?is insect belongs to ,signoret's fif? s]ies4 #dd4 ,lecanium hemisphricum1 ,t>gioni-,tozzetti1 ,/ud4 sul ,cocc941 #bg4 ,*]mes filicum1 ,boisduval 7#ahfg71 #ccf2 ,t>gioni1 ,catal41 #ahfh1 #ch1 #ag4 ,maskell1 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xvii41 #ahhd1 p4 #bi4 7,plate ,,xi41 ,fig4 #b47 ,adult female hemisph]ical1 ) broad flatt5$ edges2 r$di%-br[n2 diamet]1 ab\t #a_/ae;94 ,sk9 regul>ly m>k$ ) oval p]=ations2 no keels4 ,ant5n ( eight jo9ts4 ,feet normal1 ?94 ,anal r+ ) eight hairs4 ,male unkn[n4 ,habitat 9 ,new ,zeal&--,on ,camellia1 ,hutt ,valley1 ,well+ton2 9 ,europe1 on ,dracna au/ralis2 9 ,am]ica1 on v>i\s gre5h\se plants 7,com/ock74 ,qu]y--,does ! ,european habitat d5ote an ,au/ralian orig98 ,?is insect belongs to ,signoret's f\r? s]ies4 #de4 ,lecanium hesp]idum1 ,l9nu4 ,l4 hesp]idum1 ,l9nu1 ,sy/4 ,nat41 #agce1 ,,ii41 #gci1 #a2 ,faun4 ,suec41 #agdf1 #ajae4 ,coccus hesp]idum1 v>i\s au?ors4 ,calymnatus hesp]idum1 ,co/a1 ,nuov4 ,oss]v41 #ahce8 ,calypticus hesp]idum1 ,co/a1 ,faun4 ,ins4 ,nap4 ,gall-insect41 #ahcg1 #h1 #a2 ,lubbock1 ,proc4 ,roy4 ,soc41 ,,ix41 #dhj2 ,beck1 ,trans4 ,roy4 ,micr4 ,soc41 #ahfa1 #dg1 c4 ,maskell1 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xi41 #ahgh1 p4 #bje4 ,! ,holly & ,ivy ,scale4 7,plate ,,xi41 ,fig4 #c47 ,adult female nak$2 yell[1 br[n1 or r$di%2 flat or slightly convex2 elongat$2 sk9 smoo?1 sp>sely punctate2 l5g? av]ag+ #a_/aj;941 b specim5s rea* sometimes #a_/e;94 ,ant5n ( sev5 jo9ts2 a few hairs on mo/1 b ! sev5? has sev]al4 ,abdom9al cleft & lobes normal4 ,feet normal4 ,on ! edge ( a body a r[ ( small hairs1 n set closely toge!r4 ,vivip>\s2 at ge/ation ! "u-side becomes concave1 =m+ a %elt] = ! "y2 & ?is cavity is (t5 ( a blood-r$ col\r4 ,on ! "u-side may be se5 sometimes f\r cottony trails />t+ f ! region ( ! f\r /igmata4 ,"y l>va r$di%-br[n2 oval1 flat2 ant5n ( six jo9ts4 ,f ! abdom9al lobes spr+ two long set4 ,male unkn[n4 ,habitat 9 ,new ,zeal&--,ev]y:]e1 on ivy1 holly1 camellia1 orange1 laurel1 myrtle1 box1 & _m o!r plants out ( doors or 9 gre5h\ses4 ,9 ,europe1 *iefly on ivy & oranges1 b frequ5tly on o!r plants4 ,9 ,am]ica on _m plants4 ,?is is ! commone/ ( ! ,lecanid 9 ?is c\ntry2 x may be di/+ui%$ f ,l4 mori 7bel[7 by its flatness & sp>se punctuation4 ,?is insect belongs to ,signoret's fir/ s]ies4 #df4 ,lecanium hib]naculorum1 ,t>gioni-,tozzetti1 ,catal4 7#ahfh71 #cg1 #i4 ,*]mes hib]naculorum1 ,boisduval1 ,ent4 ,hort41 #ahfg1 #ccg4 ,maskell1 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xi41 #ahgh1 p4 #bjg4 ,adult female ne>ly globul>2 nak$2 r$di%-br[n2 diamet] ab\t #a_/i;942 at ge/ation ! body becomes simply an inv]t$ bag cov]+ ! eggs & "y4 ,! insect appe>s to be p>tly ovip>\s1 p>tly vivip>\s4 ,ant5n ( eight jo9ts4 ,feet normal4 ,sk9 pretty regul>ly m>k$ ) oval p]=ations4 ,male unkn[n4 ,habitat 9 ,new ,zeal&--,on v>i\s gre5h\se plants1 ,*ri/*ur*4 ,9 ,europe on ,brexia1 ,phajus1 c4 ,! insect belongs to ,signoret's f\r? s]ies1 & may p]haps be only a l>ge v>iety ( ,l4 hemisphricum4 #dg4 ,lecanium maculatum1 ,signoret1 ,ann4 de la ,soc4 ,ent4 de ,france1 #ahgc1 p4 #djj4 ,maskell1 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xi41 #ahgh1 p4 #bjg4 ,adult female nak$2 flat1 elongat$2 dorsal sk9 m>k$ ) a m$ian r[ ( r l>ge oval spots rea*+ f ! abdom9al cleft to ! region ( ! ro/rum4 ,l5g?1 ab\t #a_/ae;94 ,col\r yell[i%-br[n4 ,ant5n ( sev5 jo9ts4 ,feet normal4 ,male unkn[n4 ,habitat 9 ,new ,zeal&--,on ,bav>dia1 9 ho?\ses1 ,*ri/*ur*4 ,9 ,europe on ivy4 ,?is insect belongs to ,signoret's fir/ s]ies3 ! dorsal spots di/+ui% x f ,l4 hesp]idum4 #dh4 ,lecanium mori1 ,signoret1 ,ann4 de la ,soc4 ,ent4 de ,france1 #ahgc1 p4 #djg4 ,maskell1 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xvii41 #ahhd1 p4 #bi4 7,plate ,,xi41 ,fig4 #d47 ,adult female nak$2 elongat$1 convex2 r$di%2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/i;94 ,sk9 smoo?1 )\t spots1 tessellations1 or keels4 ,ant5n ( sev5 jo9ts4 ,feet normal4 ,adult male unkn[n3 pupa cov]$ by a :ite1 elongat$1 segm5t$1 glassy te/4 ,habitat 9 ,new ,zeal&--,on ,alsophila ,col5soi & o!r f]ns1 ,botanical ,g>d5s1 ,well+ton4 ,9 ,europe on mulb]ry1 c4 ,! insect belongs to ,signoret's second s]ies4 #di4 ,lecanium ole1 ,b]n>d4 ,*]mes ole1 ,b]n>d1 ,mem4 d',hi/4 ,nat4 ,acad41 #ahgb1 #ajh4 ,l4 ole1 ,signoret1 loc4 cit41 #ahgc1 p4 #ddj4 ,maskell1 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xvii41 #ahhd1 p4 #bh4 ,! ,black ,scale4 7,plate ,,xi41 ,fig4 #e47 ,adult female nak$2 semi-globul>2 d>k-br[n1 sometimes almo/ black4 ,sk9 m>k$ by "o longitud9al & two transv]se keels1 n v conspicu\s4 ,diamet]1 ab\t #a_/ae;94 ,ant5n ( eight jo9ts4 ,feet normal4 ,anal r+ ) six hairs4 ,"y insect flat1 elongat$1 r$di%-br[n4 ,! keels are m conspicu\s ?an 9 ! adult4 ,sk9 m>k$ ) num]\s oval p]=ations4 ,male unkn[n4 ,habitat 9 ,new ,zeal&--,on camellia1 ,cass9ia leptophylla 7tauh9e71 & o!r plants1 ,well+ton2 ,hawke's ,bay2 on v>i\s native trees1 ,:ang>ei4 ,9 ,europe on olive4 ,9 ,am]ica 7:]e x is call$ ! black scale7 on oranges & v _m o!r plants4 ,?is insect belongs to ,signoret's fif? s]ies4 ,a ,european species1 ,l4 cycadis1 ,boisduval1 is said by ,dr4 ,signoret to closely resemble ,l4 ole1 ! only diff]5ce app>5tly be+ ! possession ( n9e-jo9t$ ant5n4 ,?is "* is s exceptional 9 ! g5us t x p]haps may be b d\btful4 ,g5us3 ,,pulv9>ia1 ,t>gioni-,tozzetti4 ,female insects nak$1 arboreal1 con/ruct+ an ovisac4 ,male pup 9 cottony or waxy sacs4 #ej4 ,pulv9>ia camellicola1 ,signoret1 ,ann4 de la ,soc4 ,ent4 de ,france1 #ahgc1 p4 #cb4 ,maskell1 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xi41 #ahgh1 p4 #bjg4 7,plate ,,xii41 ,fig4 #a47 ,adult female yell[i%- or r$di%-br[n1 nak$1 slightly convex1 elongat$2 sk9 smoo?1 ) puncta2 l5g? v>iable1 f ab\t #a_/g;94 to #a_/i;94 ,ant5n 7accord+ to ,signoret7 ) sometimes six1 sometimes sev51 jo9ts4 ,abdom9al cleft & lobes normal4 ,! insect excretes a n>r[1 :ite1 cyl9drical cottony ovisac1 :i* is conspicu\s on ! leaf ( ! plant1 & ! br[n body ( ! female c be se5 at "o end ( x4 ,! eggs 9 ?is ovisac are num]\s1 p]haps "s hundr$s4 ,l>va & second /age ( female flat1 oval1 yell[i%-br[n4 ,male pupa cov]$ ) a waxy1 elongat$ te/ z 9 ! g5us ,ct5o*iton1 b !re is no fr+e & ! segm5ts ( ! te/ are n conspicu\s2 ! te/ is oval & convex4 ,adult male yell[i%-grey1 ! head r\nd$1 ) an ant]ior protub]ance4 ,two dorsal & two v5tral eyes1 & two ocelli4 ,ant5n ( t5 jo9ts1 all hairy4 ,feet exhibit+ only two digitules1 ! upp] pair4 ,abdom9al spike %ort1 ) two longi% set on ea* side1 ea* pair ( :i* are cov]$ ) cotton :i* is produc$ into a long :ite conspicu\s cauda4 ,habitat--,on camellia4 ,9 ! ,s\?1 *iefly 9 gre5h\ses4 ,9 ! ,hutt ,valley1 ,well+ton1 camellias 9 ! op5 air are mu* subject to x4 ,! female ( ?is species is n unlike ,lecanium hesp]idum1 b ! =mation ( ! :ite ovisac is a cle>ly di/+ui%+ "*4 ,9 late summ] ! female (t5 drops (f to ! gr\nd1 leav+ only ! ovisac obs]vable on ! leaf4 ,subdivision ,,iii4--,,lecano-,,coccid1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xvi41 #ahhc1 p4 #abh4 ,female insects cov]+ !mselves ) a secretion ( cottony or felt$ matt]1 =m+ m or less complete sacs4 ,male insects 7:]e kn[n7 cov]$ ) simil> secretion4 ,g5us3 ,,erio*iton1 ,maskell4 ,secretion :ite1 felt$1 =m$ ( ?reads issu+ f prom95t sp9y sp9n]ets2 inconspicu\s or abs5t on adult female1 ?ick] on male pupa4 ,abdom9al cleft & lobes pres5t 9 all /ages ( female4,r ,r ,9 bo? ( ! species "h describ$ ! adult female has ! tibi %ort] ?an ! t>si4 ,! au?or has hesitat$ to f\nd a g5]ic "* on x until ! discov]y ( o!r species2 ! "* is q exceptional 9 ! family1 occurr+ 7besides7 only 9 "s species ( ,acan?ococcid4 ,9 all o!rs a tibia %ort] ?an ! t>sus w\ld indicate an immature insect4 ,?is g5us conta9s ! insect nam$ hi!rto ,ct5o*iton sp9osus4 #ea4 ,erio*iton hispidus1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xix41 #ahhf1 p4 #dg4 7,plate ,,xiii41 ,fig4 #a47 ,secretion ( female :ite1 ?91 felt$1 =m$ ( ?9 ?reads excret$ f ! num]\s prom95t sp9y sp9n]ets1 ! ?reads becom+ m or less matt$ ov] ! dorsal surface4 ,at ! edge ea* ?read corresponds to a sp9e1 b has n ! fea!ry =m exhibit$ 9 ! next species1 ,e4 sp9osus1 be+ m tubul>4 ,on ! adult female ! cov]+ is (t5 n to be detect$1 or pres5ts only fragm5t>y portions2 x is be/ obs]v$ on ! female ( ! second /age4 ,secretion ( ! male pupa :ite1 felt$1 ?ick1 cov]+ ! insect all ov]1 & exhibit+ at ! edge a small fr+e4 ,at fir/ sight ! te/1 be+ obscurely segm5t$1 pres5ts some:at ! appe>ance ( a ,dactylopid4 ,l5g? ( ! felt$ mass1 ab\t #a_/af;94 ,l>va normal1 flat1 elliptical1 active1 exhibit+ ! usual abdom9al cleft & lobes4 ,dorsal surface cov]$ ) sp9es1 excret+ a ?9 :ite mass ( tubes & a tubul> fr+e4 ,female ( ! second /age m or less elliptical1 slightly convex1 br[n 9 col\r b5ea? ! ?9 :ite felt$ cov]+1 :i* usually pres5ts a segm5t$ appe>ance1 due to ! transv]se r[s ( prom95t sp9n]ets4 ,body cov]$ ?ickly on ! dorsal surface ) sp9es1 :i* are subcyl9drical1 ! ends r\nd$1 spr++ f tub]cul> bases4 ,on ! v5tral surface _m small] sp9y hairs4 ,abdom9al cleft normal1 ! lobes l>ge4 ,m5tum probably monom]\s3 ! tip be>s sev]al hairs4 ,ant5n ( six some:at hairy jo9ts4 ,feet ) r l>ge femora2 ! l[] digitules are f9e hairs4 ,anog5ital r+ be>+ num]\s hairs4 ,adult female elliptical1 convex1 holl[ b5ea?1 br[n 9 col\r1 usually affect+ ! twigs & bran*es ( ! plant 9 pref]5ce to ! leaves4 ,app>5tly nak$1 b on close inspection f\nd to reta9 at lea/ portions ( ! ?9 felt$ cov]+4 ,dorsal surface cov]$ ) great numb]s ( sp9es simil> to ^? ( ! second /age2 v5tral surface ) _m small sp9y hairs4 ,ant5n ( sev5 jo9ts4 ,! feet h l>ge cox & femora2 ! tibia is only ab\t half z long z ! t>sus2 ! l[] digitules are only f9e hairs4 ,adult male ( normal =m ( ,lecanid93 col\r br[n4 ,on ! head are six visual organs3 two dorsal eyes1 two v5tral1 & two ocelli4 ,ant5n r$di%1 t5-jo9t$2 ! second jo9t a good deal ?ick] ?an ! re/1 ! second1 ?ird1 & f\r? jo9ts ! longe/2 ! la/ ?ree monili=m2 all ! jo9ts hairy4 ,on ! five la/ jo9ts are sev]al hairs ) knobb$ extremities4 ,feet sl5d]1 hairy2 digitules f9e hairs4 ,abdom9al spike %ort & r broad4 ,on ea* side ( ! base ( ! spike is a tub]cle be>+ a pair ( longi% set2 ea* pair ( set becomes enclos$ 9 a long :ite cottony ?read1 & ! two ?reads =m conspicu\s tails1 z is common ) mo/ males ( ! ,coccid family4 ,habitat--,on ,ole>ia ,haa/ii1 ,botanical ,g>d5s1 ,well+ton4 ,?is is an alp9e plant cultivat$ 9 ! ,g>d5s1 & ! insect probably came ) x f ! m\nta9s4 ,?is species is di/+ui%$ f ,e4 sp9osus by ! great numb] ( sp9y sp9n]ets on ! dorsum ( ! female & by ! tubul> "* ( ! fr+e4 ,! curi\s & exceptional "* ( a tibia %ort] ?an ! t>sus 9 ! adult female1 z obs]v$ above1 is f\nd only 9 ?is g5us & "s ,acan?ococcid4 #eb4 ,erio*iton sp9osus1 ,maskell4 ,ct5o*iton sp9osus1 ,maskell1 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xi41 #ahgh1 p4 #bab2 ,vol4 ,,xii41 #ahgi1 p4 #bib2 ,vol4 ,,xiv41 #ahha1 p4 #bah2 ,vol4 ,,xvii41 #ahhd1 p4 #be4 7,plate ,,xiii41 ,fig4 #b47 ,te/ ( female :ite1 ?91 =m$ ( felt$ ?reads excret$ f sp9y sp9n]ets2 inconspicu\s at all /ages1 & (t5 abs5t on ! adult1 b di/+ui%able on ! l>va & ! second /age4 ,! excret+ sp9n]ets are almo/ all at ! edge ( ! body1 & ! fr+e is =m$ ( fea!r-l segm5ts1 ea* segm5t correspond+ to a sp9e4 ,te/ ( male :ite1 ?ick1 felt$1 oval1 & convex2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/af;94 ,fr+e z 9 ! female4 ,adult female d>k-br[n1 sometimes almo/ black2 slightly elongat$1 convex1 affect+ almo/ altoge!r ! twigs & bran*es 9 pref]5ce to ! leaves4 ,av]age l5g?1 ab\t #a_/i;94 ,ant5n ( sev5 jo9ts3 on ! la/ jo9t "s hairs4 ,feet ) ! tibia ab\t half z long z ! t>sus 7see note above1 "u ! g5us74 ,on ! edge ( ! body is a r[ ( conspicu\s sp9es1 subcyl9drical or subconical1 ) tub]cul> bases2 & on ! dorsum1 9 "s specim5s1 may be se5 a few o!rs on ! m$ian region4 ,female ( second /age br[n1 elongat$-elliptical1 slightly convex4 ,ant5n six-jo9t$4 ,m>g9al sp9es z 9 ! adult1 b no dorsal sp9es4 ,l5g?1 ab\t #a_/be;94 ,l>va r$1 flatti%1 elliptical2 m>g9al sp9es z 9 adult1 conspicu\s4 ,ant5n ( five jo9ts4 ,abdom9al lobes l>ge4 ,adult male br[n1 r m sl5d] ?an 9 ,e4 hispidus4 ,ant5n ( t5 jo9ts1 all hairy2 ! second jo9t mu* ?ick] ?an ! re/4 ,! la/ ?ree jo9ts are n s globul> z 9 ,e4 hispidus4 ,on ! la/ five jo9ts are sev]al knobb$ hairs4 ,feet sl5d]1 hairy2 digitules f9e hairs4 ,abdom9al spike %orti%1 broad3 at ea* side ( ! base a tub]cle be>+ a pair ( longi% set enclos$ 9 a long filam5t ( :ite cotton4 ,eyes f\r2 ocelli two4 ,l5g? ( body1 exclusive ( spike1 ab\t #a_/be;94 ,habitat--,on ,a!rosp]ma ,nov-,zl&i1 ,melicope t]nata1 ,eloc>pus d5tatus1 ,well+ton2 ,muhl5beckia adsp]sa1 ,sumn] ,road1 ,lyttelton2 ,port ,hills1 ,*ri/*ur*2 & ,well+ton4 ,di/+ui%$ f ,e4 hispidus by ! fea!r-l segm5ts ( ! fr+e1 & by ! almo/ complete abs5ce ( dorsal sp9es on ! female4 ,! male is app>5tly almo/ id5tical4 ,gr\p ,,iii4--,,hemicoccid94 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xvi41 #ahhc1 p4 #abh4 ,l>v pres5t+ at ! extremity ( ! abdom5 two conspicu\s protub]ances1 or anal tub]cles1 z 9 ! foll[+ gr\p1 ,coccid92 abdom9al cleft & lobes abs5t4 ,adult females exhibit+ ! abdom9al cleft & lobes ( ,lecanid94 ,insects nak$ or cov]$ ) secretion4 ,! =mation ( ?is gr\p has be5 necess>y to include c]ta9 insects1 e4g41 ,k]mes1 :i* are evid5tly int]m$iate betwe5 ! ,lecanid9 & ! ,coccid91 exhibit+ at v>i\s /ages ! *>act]s ( ea*4 ,,subdivisions ,,& ,,g5]a4 ,subdivision ,i4 ,adult females nak$ or cov]$ ) horny secretion1 )\t fr+e ,k]mitid4 ,adult females globul> ,k]mes4 ,subdivision ,,ii4 ,adult females cov]$ ) a te/ ( glassy or waxy secretion ,cryptok]mitid4 ,te/ h>d1 waxy1 ) s+le fr+e ,poll9ia4 ,te/ h>d1 waxy1 ) d\ble fr+e ,a/]olecanium4 ,none ( ! insects belong+ to ?is gr\p h z yet be5 report$ z occurr+ 9 ,new ,zeal&4 ,z reg>ds ! "n ,k]mes includ$ 9 ! =ego+ li/1 see ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xvii41 #ahhd1 p4 #ag4 ,gr\p ,,iv4--,,coccid94 ,adult females v>iable 9 =m & col\r2 body segm5t$1 ! segm5ts m or less conspicu\s2 nak$1 or cov]$ ) secretion :i* is mealy1 cottony1 felt$1 or waxy2 active or /ation>y4 ,no abdom9al cleft or dorsal lobes2 abdom5 end+ 9 two m or less conspicu\s protrud+ processes1 or anal tub]cles4 ,m5tum1 :5 pres5t1 bi- or tri>ticulate4 ,l>v exhibit+ anal tub]cles z 9 adult4 ,adult males ( g5]al =m ( ! family3 abdom9al spike usually %ort4 ,ant5n usually ( t5 jo9ts4 ,eyes (t5 facett$4 ,,subdivisions ,,& ,,g5]a4 ,subdivision ,i4 ,adult females /ation>y2 nak$1 or cov]$ ) cottony or felt$ secretion2 ant5n ( n m ?an sev5 jo9ts2 anog5ital r+ ) six or eight %ort hairs2 anal tub]cles conspicu\s4 ,eyes ( male n facett$ ,acan?ococcid4 ,adult female enclos$ 9 closely-felt$ or waxy sac ) d\ble glassy fr+e2 apod\s & )\t ant5n ,plan*onia4 ,adult females enclos$ 9 a felt$ sac )\t fr+e2 reta9+ feet & ant5n ,eriococcus4 ,adult females nak$2 reta9+ feet & ant5n ,rhizococcus4 ,g5]a n yet repres5t$ 9 ,new ,zeal&4 ,adult females ly+ on cu%ion ( cotton2 apod\s & )\t ant5n ,nidul>ia4 ,adult females ly+ on cu%ion ( cotton2 reta9+ feet & ant5n ,gossyp>ia4 ,adult females enclos$ 9 a cottony sac2 apod\s2 ) or )\t ant5n2 excret+ f ! abdom5 a v long cottony app5dage ,anton9a4 ,! g5us ,acan?ococcus1 ,signoret 7loc4 cit41 #ahgd1 p4 #cd71 is "h unit$ to ,eriococcus2 & ! g5us ,capul9ia1 ,signoret 7loc4 cit41 #ahgd1 p4 #bg71 to ,anton9a4 ,subdivision ,,ii4 ,adult females active or /ation>y2 nak$1 or cov]$ ) mealy1 cottony1 or waxy secretion2 ant5n ( f six to n9e jo9ts2 anog5ital r+ conspicu\s1 ) sev]al long hairs2 anal tub]cles inconspicu\s4 ,eyes ( male sometimes facett$ ,dactylopid4 ,adult females hav+ ant5n ( eight jo9ts2 anog5ital r+ ) six hairs2 nak$1 or cov]$ ) meal or cotton ,dactylopius4 ,adult females hav+ ant5n ( n9e jo9ts2 cov]$ ) cottony secretion2 anog5ital r+ ) six hairs2 upp] digitules ( foot abs5t ,pseudococcus4 ,g5]a n yet repres5t$ 9 ,new ,zeal&4 ,adult females hav+ ant5n ( six jo9ts2 cov]$ ) mealy secretion2 anog5ital r+ ) six hairs ,rip]sia4 ,adult females hav+ ant5n ( n9e jo9ts2 anog5ital r+ ) eight hairs2 upp] digitules ( foot pres5t ,puto4 ,adult females hav+ ant5n ( eight jo9ts2 cov]$ ) plates ( waxy secretion2 anog5ital r+ ) six hairs4 ,eyes ( male facett$ ,or!zia4 ,! g5]a ,we/woodia & ,boisduvalia1 ,signoret 7loc4 cit41 #ahgd1 pp4 #ccg1 #cch71 are "h unit$ to ,dactylopius4 ,subdivision ,,iii4 ,n yet repres5t$ 9 ,new ,zeal&4 ,adult females active1 cov]$ ) mealy secretion2 ant5n ( sev5 jo9ts2 no hairs on anog5ital r+4 ,eyes ( male n facett$ ,coccid4 ,adult females hav+ ant5n ( sev5 jo9ts2 no hairs on anog5ital r+ ,coccus4 ,subdivision ,,iv4 ,adult females active or /ation>y2 nak$1 or cov]$ ) mealy1 waxy1 or cottony secretion2 ant5n ( t5 or elev5 jo9ts2 ant]ior pair ( feet simil> to ! re/2 anog5ital r+ )\t hairs2 anal tub]cles inconspicu\s4 ,males ) facett$ eyes & no ocelli ,monophlebid4 ,adult females ) elongat$ ant5n ( elev5 jo9ts2 cov]$ ) mealy or cottony secretion2 ) or )\t ovisac2 ro/rum pres5t ,ic]ya4 ,adult females ) ant5n ( elev5 jo9ts2 nak$1 or cov]$ ) cottony or mealy secretion2 ro/rum abs5t ,clo/oma4 ,g5]a n yet repres5t$ 9 ,new ,zeal&4 ,adult females hav+ ant5n ( elev5 jo9ts2 nak$4 ,males ) sev]al long processes1 or tassels1 on ! abdom9al segm5ts ,monophlebus4 ,adult females ) ant5n ( elev5 jo9ts2 nak$4 ,males )\t tassels ,lea*ia4 ,adult females ) conical ant5n ( elev5 jo9ts2 cov]$ ) cotton ,ortonia4 ,adult females ) ant5n ( t5 jo9ts4 ,males be>+ a long mass ( silky hairs on ! la/ abdom9al segm5t ,callipappus4 ,adult females ) ant5n ( t5 jo9ts2 cov]$ ) secretion1 p>tly cottony1 p>tly plates ( wax ,walk]iana4 ,! g5]a ,drosi*a1 ,walk] 7li/ ( ,homop4 ,suppl41 #aheh1 #cjf1 #a7 & ,gu]9ia_/sc1 ,t>gioni-,tozzetti 7,signoret1 loc4 cit41 #ahge1 p4 #cef7 are "h unit$ to ,monophlebus_/sc4 ,! g5us ,llaveia_/sc1 ,signoret 7loc4 cit41 #ahge1 p4 #cgj71 is omitt$1 its aff9ities be+ d\btful4 ,subdivision ,v4 ,n yet repres5t$ 9 ,new ,zeal&4 ,adult females ) ant5n ( v>iable numb] ( jo9ts2 ant]ior pair ( feet abnormally enl>g$1 de=m$2 ro/rum1 m5tum1 & buccal app>atus abs5t4 ,eyes ( male facett$ ,porphyrophorid4 ,adult females ) ant5n ( elev5 jo9ts2 cov]$ ) mealy or cottony secretion ,porphyrophora4 ,adult females ) ant5n ( sev5 jo9ts2 cov]$ ) waxy or calc>e\s secretion ,m>g>odes4 ,subdivision ,i4--,,acan?ococcid4 ,female insects exhibit+ 9 all /ages ! anal tub]cles4 ,"y l>v free1 nak$1 active4 ,females ( second /age active1 cov]$ ) ?9 cottony secretion4 ,adult females /ation>y2 nak$1 or ei!r re/+ on or cov]$ ) a ?ick cottony or felt$ secretion4 ,anal tub]cles 9 all /ages conspicu\s1 be>+ t]m9al hairs4 ,anog5ital r+ inconspicu\s1 ) f9e %ort hairs4 ,body di/9ctly segm5t$4 ,male pup enclos$ 9 cottony or felt$ sac4 ,abdom9al spike ( adult usually %ort1 ) a curv$ app5dage4 ,g5us3 ,,plan*onia1 ,signoret1 ,ann4 de la ,soc4 ,entom4 de ,france1 #ahfh1 p4 #bhb4 ,maskell1 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xiv41 #ahha1 p4 #bbc4 ,adult females enclos$ 9 a sac1 or te/1 ( secretion s closely felt$ z to appe> waxy2 r\nd ! edge ( ! sac a d\ble fr+e ( glassy tubes2 apod\s2 ant5n abs5t4 ,anal tub]cles pres5t 9 all /ages4 ,! diff]5ces betwe5 ?is g5us & ,a/]olecanium 7see above "u ,lecanid97 are n to be made out f ext]nal exam9ation ( ! sac1 nor )\t close inve/igation4 ,x is possible1 inde$1 t ,a/]olecanium %\ld be remov$ f ! ,lecanid9 & unit$ ) ,plan*onia4 #ec4 ,plan*onia epacridis1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xiv41 #ahha1 p4 #bbd4 7,plate ,,xii41 ,fig4 #b47 ,te/ ( adult female closely felt$1 smoo?1 h>d1 semi-transp>5t2 flat b5ea?1 convex above2 elongat$-oval1 tap]+ t[>ds ! po/]ior end2 completely enclos+ ! insect except at extreme po/]ior end1 :]e !re is a small orifice2 col\r p>tly gre51 p>tly yell[4 ,r\nd ! edge a fr+e ( long :ite glassy tubes 9 d\ble r[1 "o r[ ov] ! o!r4 ,av]age l5g?1 exclusive ( fr+e1 ab\t #a_/af;94 ,te/ ( male unkn[n4 ,adult female fill+ ! te/1 %rivell+ at ge/ation4 ,ant5n abs5t1 b repres5t$ by circul> r+s1 ea* be>+ f\r hairs4 ,feet abs5t4 ,anal tub]cles small1 setif]\s4 ,anog5ital r+ inconspicu\s1 ) six f9e %ort hairs4 ,m5tum uni-articulate2 ro/ral set %ort4 ,r\nd ! edge ( ! body a r[ ( figure-(-#h sp9n]et orifices2 on ! dorsal surface _m circul> sp9n]ets & a numb] ( protrud+ tubes4 ,female ( second /age elongat$1 flatti%2 col\r1 r$di%-br[n2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/bj;94 ,ant5n abs5t1 repres5t$ by r+s1 z 9 adult4 ,feet abs5t4 ,anal tub]cles z 9 adult4 ,sp9n]ets & fr+es z 9 adult4 ,"y insect elongat$-oval1 tap]+ t[>ds anal extremity1 flat2 anal tub]cles cle>ly di/+ui%able1 setif]\s4 ,ant5n ( five jo9ts2 ! la/ jo9t clavate & be>+ hairs4 ,feet normal2 upp] digitules f9e hairs2 l[] digitales abs5t4 ,col\r r$di%-br[n2 on ! dorsal surface _m scatt]$ figure-(-#h sp9n]ets1 f :i* spr+ long1 curl+1 :ite1 glassy tubes4 ,l5g? ( insect1 ab\t #a_/dj;94 ,adult male unkn[n4 ,habitat--,on ,leucopogon ,fras]i1 ,amb]ley & ,sumn]1 ,cant]bury2 on ,leptosp]mum scop>ium 7manuka7 7sp>+ly71 ,nelson4 ,a v pretty little species1 resembl+ 9 outw>d appe>ance ,a/]olecanium qu]cicola1 ,signoret1 b mu* small]1 & di/+ui%able by ! pres5ce ( ! anal tub]cles4 ,g5us3 ,,eriococcus1 ,t>gioni-,tozzetti4 ,signoret1 loc4 cit41 #ahgd1 p4 #bi4 ,maskell1 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xi41 #ahgi1 p4 #bah4 ,adult female enclos$ 9 an elongat$ sac ( :ite or yell[ felt$ cotton2 body elongat$1 segm5t$2 anal tub]cles conspicu\s2 feet & ant5n pres5t2 sev]al r[s ( conical sp9es on dorsal surface4 ,ant5n ( six jo9ts4 #ed4 ,eriococcus arauc>i1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xi41 #ahgh1 p4 #bah2 ,vol4 ,,xvi41 #ahhc1 p4 #acd4 ,rhizococcus arauc>i1 ,com/ock2 ,rept4 ( ,entom41 ,u4,s4 ,agric4 ,dept41 #ahha1 p4 #cci4 7,plate ,,xiv41 ,fig4 #a47 ,sac ( adult female :ite1 cottony1 elongat$1 (t5 aggregat$ 9 masses2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/aj;94 ,sac ( male simil>1 b mu* small]4 ,adult female elongat$-oval1 convex1 segm5t$2 col\r yell[i%2 anal tub]cles br[n1 conspicu\s4 ,l5g? ( insect1 ab\t #a_/ab;94 ,ant5n ( six jo9ts1 ) "s hairs4 ,feet normal4 ,anog5ital r+ inconspicu\s1 ) eight %ort hairs4 ,on ! edge ( ! body a r[ ( conical sp9es 7sp9n]ets74 ,aft] ge/ation ! insect loses its regul> oval outl9e1 %rivell+ up at "o end ( ! sac4 ,"y l>va & female ( second /age simil> to adult1 b small]4 ,adult male1 a delicate fly-l creature1 ) two l>ge w+s & a pair ( long wax5 filam5ts project+ f po/]ior "p ( ! abdom52 ^! filam5ts are v conspicu\s1 be+ :ite1 & long] ?an ! body ( ! insect4 ,col\r ( body :ite1 ) _m irregul> m>k+s 7,com/ock1 loc4 cit474 ,habitat 9 ,new ,zeal&--,on ,arauc>ia excelsior 7,norfolk ,isl& p9e71 ,gov]nor's ,bay1 ,cant]bury4 ,9 ,am]ica1 on same plant4 ,?is insect is n greatly diff]5t f ,e4 buxi1 ,signoret2 b ! sac diff]s1 & !re are a few di/+ui%+ *>act]s 9 ! =m ( ! ant5n & feet4 #ee4 ,eriococcus hoh]i1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xii41 #ahgi1 p4 #bih2 ,vol4 ,,xix41 #ahhf4 7,plate ,,xiv41 ,fig4 #b47 ,sac ( adult female :ite1 cottony1 irregul>ly elliptical1 slightly convex1 (t5 aggregat$ 9 masses2 frequ5tly s cov]$ ) black fungus z to pres5t ! appe>ance ( a m9ute gall4 ,sac ( male :ite1 convex1 small] & m elongat$ ?an t ( ! female4 ,adult female elongat$-oval1 convex1 r$ 9 col\r2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/cj;94 ,body segm5t$1 tap]+ rapidly to ! po/]ior extremity2 ! cephalic segm5t occupy+ m ?an half ! l5g?4 ,anal tub]cles conspicu\s1 app>5tly two1 b on close inspection f\nd to be f\r1 br[n 9 col\r2 two ( !m be> longi% set2 all ! f\r are mu* corrugat$ & be> _m %ort sp9y hairs4 ,anog5ital r+ inconspicu\s1 ) eight f9e hairs4 ,ant5n ( six %ort jo9ts1 tap]+4 ,foot z if atrophi$1 ! jo9ts small & swoll52 digitules all f9e hairs4 ,on ! body are _m small conical sp9es1 :i* are mo/ num]\s on ! la/ two abdom9al segm5ts4 ,l>va free1 active1 r$ 9 col\r1 flatti%1 elongat$1 tap]+ to ! abdom9al extremity2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/ej;94 ,body segm5t$2 anal tub]cles two1 conspicu\s1 setif]\s1 ) "s %ort hairs4 ,ant5n ( six jo9ts2 feet normal4 ,adult male r$1 ab\t #a_/bj;94 long2 w+s r n>r[1 hyal9e4 ,ant5n t5-jo9t$1 hairy4 ,feet normal4 ,abdom9al spike %ort1 ?ick1 & accompani$ by a curv$ app5dage2 at ea* side a tub]cle be>+ longi% set4 ,habitat--,9 crevices 7& sometimes on surface7 ( b>k ( ,hoh]ia angu/ifolia1 on hills above ! t[n ( ,lyttelton4 ,ab\t midsumm] individuals may be f\nd :i* h j complet$ _! sac & h n yet become coat$ ) ! black fungus4 ,! peg-top =m & ! f\r anal tub]cles ( ?is insect di/+ui% x f all o!rs ( ! g5us4 #ef4 ,eriococcus multisp9us1 ,maskell4 ,acan?ococcus multisp9us1 ,maskell2 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xi41 #ahgh1 p4 #bag2 ,vol4 ,,xii41 #ahgi1 p4 #bib2 ,vol4 ,,xvii41 #ahhd1 p4 #bi4 7,plate ,,xv41 ,fig4 #a47 ,sac ( adult female yell[1 felt$1 elongat$-oval4 ,l5g?1 ab\t #a_/bj;94 ,abdom9al extremity op54 ,sac ( male simil> to t ( ! female4 ,adult female p9ki% 9 col\r1 elongat$-oval1 convex1 fill+ ! sac1 %rivell+ at ge/ation2 segm5t$1 segm5ts n conspicu\s4 ,l5g?1 ab\t #a_/be;94 ,anal tub]cles br[ni%1 conspicu\s1 setif]\s4 ,anog5ital r+ small1 ) eight f9e hairs1 :i* are (t5 glu$ toge!r by cottony secretion1 =m+ a p5cil betwe5 ! tub]cles4 ,ant5n ( six jo9ts4 ,feet hav+ ! tibia %ort] ?an ! t>sus2,s digitules f9e hairs4 ,on ! dorsal surface are a great numb] ( conical sp9es1 ( :i* ! l>ge/ are arrang$ 9 six longitud9al r[s2 f ! sp9es sometimes protrude "s cottony tubes ) an expansion a little bel[ ! tip4 ,s ,z a rule1 a tibia %ort] ?an ! t>sus *>act]izes an insect n yet arriv$ at ! adult /age4 ,! g5]a ,eriococcus & ,rhizococcus sometimes pres5t exceptions to ?is rule4 ,see also1 above1 ! g5us ,erio*iton4 ,"y l>va free1 active1 elongat$-oval1 flatti%2 sp9es z 9 adult4 ,adult male orange-r$ 9 col\r2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/be;94 ,ant5n ( t5 jo9ts4 ,abdom9al spike %ort1 ?ick1 ) a curv$ app5dage4 ,feet normal4 ,habitat--,on ,rubus au/ralis1 ,ricc>ton ,bu%1 ,cant]bury2 on ,knightia excelsa1 ,cya?odes ac]osa1 ,well+ton4 ,! v num]\s conical sp9es di/+ui% ?is species f t kn[n z ,acan?ococcus ac]is1 ,signoret1 ! ,european species4 ,!re seems to be no suffici5t reason :y ! g5us ,acan?ococcus %\ld h be5 sep>at$ f ,eriococcus1 & !y h be5 "h reunit$4 ,! only diff]5ce m5tion$ by ,signoret is ! col\r & texture ( ! sac1 an unimportant "* 9 ?is case4 #eg4 ,eriococcus pallidus1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xvii41 #ahhd1 p4 #bi4 7,plate ,,xv41 ,fig4 #b47 ,sac ( adult female yell[i%-:ite1 elongat$-oval1 convex1 clos$ at bo? ends4 ,l5g?1 ab\t #a_/i;94 ,sac ( male unkn[n4 ,adult female gre5i%-grey1 turn+ to br[n aft] ge/ation2 fill+ ! sac2 %rivell+ at ge/ation4 ,anal tub]cles r l>ge & conspicu\s4 ,anog5ital r+ small1 ) eight 7sometimes six87 f9e %ort hairs4 ,ant5n ( six jo9ts4 ,feet normal1 sl5d]2 l[] digitules n>r[ & r long4 ,body segm5t$2 segm5ts n v di/9ct4 ,on ! middle ( ea* segm5t a transv]se r[ ( small sl5d] conical sp9es n set closely toge!r4 ,v _m small scatt]$ oval sp9n]et orifices4 ,adult male unkn[n4 ,habitat--,on ,myoporum ltum 7ngaio71 ,eloc>pus d5tatus 7h9au71 c42 ?r\gh\t ! ,isl&s4 ,alli$ to ,e4 buxi1 ,signoret 7,european71 & ,e4 multisp9us1 ante3 b diff]5t f bo? 9 col\r1 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! sp9es & sp9n]ets1 & 9 ! =m ( ! ant5n4 ,g5us3 ,,rhizococcus1 ,signoret4 ,adult females nak$1 usually /ation>y2 body segm5t$2 anal tub]cles conspicu\s4 ,ant5n ( six or sev5 jo9ts4 ,feet pres5t4 ,anog5ital r+ inconspicu\s1 ) f9e hairs4 ,male pupa enclos$ 9 a cottony sac4 ,mr4 ,com/ock proposes 7,ann4 ,rept4 ( ,entom41 ,u4,s4 ,agric4 ,dept41 #ahha1 p4 #cci1 note7 to include 9 ?is g5us all ! species ( ,eriococcus4 ,! organic diff]5ce disclos$ by ! =mation ( a sac 9 t g5us & ! abs5ce ( a sac 9 ,rhizococcus seems to r5d] ! sep>ation ( ! two necess>y4 #eh4 ,rhizococcus celmisi1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xvi41 #ahhc1 p4 #ace4 7,plate ,,xvi41 ,fig4 #a47 ,adult female deep r$ 9 col\r1 elongat$-oval1 convex above & flatt5$ bel[2 l5g? ab\t #a_/aa;94 ,! segm5ts ( ! body are n v di/9ct4 ,! abdom5 ends 9 two l>ge & conspicu\s anal tub]cles1 ea* ( :i* be>s "o /rong & fairly long t]m9al seta & ?ree o!r sp9es4 ,! anal r+ has eight hairs4 ,ant5n ( six jo9ts1 sometimes look+ l sev54 ,m5tum d\btfully dim]\s4 ,! f\r digitules ( ! foot are long f9e hairs4 ,! tibia is a little %ort] ?an ! t>sus4,t ,! tro*ant] be>s "o long hair & two %ort ones4 ,a few l>ge conical sp9es 7sp9n]ets7 are scatt]$ ov] ! body1 & a r[ ( small] ones1 l hairs ) tub]cul> bases1 runs transv]sely on ea* segm5t2 also "s circul> sp9n]ets4 ,at ! edge ( ! body1 all r\nd1 is a r[ ( ! l>ge conical sp9es1 :i* are set 9 gr\ps ( ?ree on ! po/]ior segm5ts1 ( f\r or five on ! m$ian segm5ts1 & almo/ cont9u\s on ! head4 ,:5 ! insect is alive ^! sp9es are (t5 agglut9at$ ) cottony secretion s z to give ! appe>ance ( a %ort fr+e4 ,! f\r spiracles are some:at l>ge & circul>4 ,t ,see note1 above1 "u ,eriococcus multisp9us4 ,adult male unkn[n4 ,habitat--,on ,celmisia sp41 ,s\!rn ,alps1 ,cant]bury4 ,diff]s f ! ,european ,r4 gnidii 9 size1 col\r1 & habitat1 t species liv+ on ! roots ( grass1 :ile ! ,new ,zeal& insect is arboreal4 ,!re are also diff]5ces 9 ! foot & 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! sp9es & hairs4 ,x is possible t ?is insect may1 9 its late/ /age1 con/ruct a sac3 9 t case1 x w\ld belong to ,eriococcus4 #ei4 ,rhizococcus fossor1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xvi41 #ahhc1 p4 #acf4 7,plate ,,xvi41 ,fig4 #b47 ,female nak$ 9 all /ages1 b ! adult usually buri$ 9 a pit4 ,male pupa enclos$ 9 a :ite1 elongat$1 cottony sac1 :i* is ab\t #a_/bj;94 long4 ,adult female gre5i%-yell[ 9 col\r1 sometimes br[n1 /ation>y2 sometimes re/+ on ! leaf1 usually p>tly enclos$ 9 a circul> pit2 almo/ circul> 9 outl9e1 flat b5ea? & slightly convex above2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/ae;94 ,9 ! la/ /age1 aft] ge/ation1 x becomes d>k-br[n4 ,! cephalic "p is smoo?2 ! rema9d] segm5t$4 ,! abdom5 ends 9 two v small anal tub]cles1 :i* are nev]!less some:at conspicu\s on acc\nt ( _! br[n col\r4 ,betwe5 !m !re protrudes a long ?ick p5cil ( :ite cotton4 ,ant5n %ort1 ) six jo9ts1 ! la/ jo9t be>+ sev]al long hairs4 ,feet v small2 ! femur r ?ick2 ! tibia is %ort] ?an ! t>sus by ab\t "o-?ird2 ! f\r digitules are long f9e hairs4 ,! anal tub]cles h n t]m9al set2 anal r+ inconspicu\s4 ,a r[ ( a few conical sp9es1 set f> ap>t1 runs r\nd ! edge ( ! body1 b none else:]e1 nor any circul> sp9n]ets4 ,!re is no sign ( a sac 9 any /age4 ,female ( ! second /age oval1 flatt] ?an ! adult1 & ( a ri* gold5 col\r2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/dj;94 ,! segm5ts ( ! body are some:at m di/9ct ?an 9 ! adult4 ,! anal tub]cles are proportionately l>g]1 & be> t]m9al set4 ,ant5n long] ?an 9 ! adult1 ) six jo9ts4 ,feet also long]4 ,all r\nd ! edge runs a r[ ( conical sp9es1 set m closely ?an 9 ! adult2 & f ea* ( ^! spr+s a long curly tube ( :ite cotton1 mak+ a k9d ( fr+e to ! body2 ea* tube is a little dilat$ at ! end1 & !n tap]s to a n>r[ po9t4 ,! base ( ea* conical sp9e is a some:at l>ge tub]cle4 ,"y l>va free1 active1 elongat$1 slightly convex1 tap]+ to ! anal extremity2 col\r yell[2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/fj;94 ,ant5n z 9 adult1 ) six jo9ts4 ,feet some:at l>ge4 ,anal tub]cles ?ick1 conspicu\s1 setif]\s1 ) "o %ort hair4 ,on ! edge ( ! body a r[ ( conical sp9es set f> ap>t1 & on ! dorsum f\r o!r longitud9al r[s4 ,adult male r$ 9 col\r1 ab\t #a_/cj;94 long4 ,ant5n ( n9e jo9ts1 all be>+ hairs2 ! la/ jo9t ne>ly globul>4 ,feet sl5d]2 digitules f9e hairs4 ,abdom9al spike %ort1 ?ick1 ) sometimes a curv$ app5dage4 ,a r /rong seta on ea* side ( ! base ( ! spike4 ,z a rule1 ! adult female is ne>ly buri$ 9 a circul> depression1 or pit1 =m$ 9 ! leaf1 & ) ! wall ( ! pit some:at curl$ ov] x4 ,on ! o!r side ( ! leaf is a correspond+ elevation1 ( a br[n col\r4 ,diamet] ( pit1 ab\t #a_/ah;94 ,! abdom9al p5cil ( cotton & ! anal tub]cles ( ! female usually protrude at ! edge ( ! pit1 probably to attract ! male4 ,aft] ge/ation1 ! female disappe>s )9 ! pit1 & ! "y l>v are also %elt]$ 9 x = a :ile4 ,sometimes two females inhabit ! same pit4 ,! females :i* are n 9 pits are g5]ally ( a d>k-r$1 or br[n1 col\r4 ,habitat--,on ,santalum ,cunn+hamii 7maire71 ,te ,aute1 ,hawke's ,bay4 ,a v di/9ct species1 easily di/+ui%able by ! pits on ! leaves4 ,subdivision ,,ii4--,,dactylopid4 ,! ,mealy-bugs4 ,female insects active or /ation>y2 nak$1 or cov]$ ) mealy1 cottony1 or waxy secretion4 ,body segm5t$4 ,ant5n ( f six to n9e jo9ts4 ,feet pres5t4 ,anog5ital r+ l>ge1 usually conspicu\s1 ) sev]al long hairs4 ,anal tub]cles small1 inconspicu\s4 ,males ( g5]al =m ( ! family4 ,eyes sometimes facett$1 usually granul>4 ,g5us3 ,,dactylopius1 ,co/a4 ,adult females hav+ ant5n ( eight jo9ts2 anog5ital r+ ) six hairs4 ,nak$1 or m usually cov]$ ) mealy or cottony secretion4 ,male pupa enclos$ 9 cottony sac4 #fj4 ,dactylopius alp9us1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xvi41 #ahhc1 p4 #ach4 7,plate ,,xvii41 ,fig4 #a47 ,adult female d>k-purple 9 col\r1 produc+ a ri* r$ t9t 9 alcohol2 body segm5t$1 convex1 slightly elongat$1 /ation>y2 enclos$ 9 a ?ick mass ( :ite cottony secretion4 ,l5g?1 ab\t #a_/g;94 ,int]nal sub/ance v oily4 ,anal tub]cles inconspicu\s1 ?ick1 ) broad bases4 ,anog5ital r+ l>ge1 ) six hairs4 ,feet normal2 upp] digitules long f9e hairs2 l[] digitules some:at broad]4 ,ant5n ( eight jo9ts4 ,on ! dorsum a numb] ( tubul> project+ sp9n]ets1 & o!rs circul>4 ,on ea* ( ! la/ ?ree abdom9al segm5ts a r[ ( l>ge conical sp9es4 ,female ( second /age d>k-br[n1 active1 elongat$1 segm5t$1 flatt] ?an ! adult2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/bj;94 ,anal tub]cles inconspicu\s1 setif]\s4 ,a few conical sp9es on ! po/]ior segm5ts4 ,ant5n ( six jo9ts4 ,a ?9 mealy secretion on ! body4 ,"y l>va d>k-br[n1 nak$1 active1 elongat$1 segm5t$2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/dj;94 ,ant5n ( six jo9ts4 ,anal tub]cles ?ick1 broad1 & m conspicu\s ?an 9 ! adult4 ,a few small sp9es on ! dorsum4 ,adult male unkn[n4 ,habitat--,on ,v]onica sp41 ,upp] ,waimak>iri ,valley1 ,s\!rn ,alps4 ,a species easily di/+ui%$ by its cottony sac1 its ri* col\r 9 alcohol1 & its conical sp9es4 ,x w\ld seem to be int]m$iate betwe5 ,rhizococcus & ,dactylopius4 #fa4 ,dactylopius calceol>i1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xi41 #ahgh1 p4 #bah2 ,vol4 ,,xvi41 #ahhc1 p4 #ach4 7,plate ,,xvii41 ,fig4 #b47 ,adult female dull-p9k 9 col\r1 elongat$1 di/9ctly segm5t$1 slightly convex2 active2 cov]$ ) ?9 mealy secretion2 l5g? v>iable1 f #a_/h;94 to #a_/d;94 ,v %ort cottony app5dages sometimes along ! edge ( ! body4 ,anal tub]cles inconspicu\s1 be>+ f9e hairs1 f :i* spr+ two long cottony filam5ts4 ,anog5ital r+ l>ge1 ) six long hairs :i* are (t5 glu$ toge!r by :ite cotton1 =m+ a p5cil betwe5 ! anal tub]cles4 ,int]ior sub/ance v oily4 ,ant5n ( eight jo9ts1 ea* be>+ hairs4 ,m5tum tri>ticulate1 ) a few hairs at ! tip4 ,feet normal4 ,female ( second /age simil>1 b small]4 ,ant5n ( six jo9ts4 ,anal tub]cles some:at m conspicu\s ?an 9 ! adult4 ,adult male unkn[n4 ,habitat--,on ,calceol>ia1 ,*ri/*ur*2 ,dan?onia1 ,/ew>t ,isl&2 ,phormium t5ax1 ,*ri/*ur*4 ,! l>ge size1 & ! abs5ce ( long cottony m>g9al app5dages1 di/+ui% ?is species f ! ,european ,d4 adonidum4 #fb4 ,dactylopius glaucus1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xi41 #ahgh1 p4 #bai2 ,vol4 ,,xvii41 #ahhd1 p4 #cj4 7,plate ,,xvii41 ,fig4 #c47 ,adult female gre51 sometimes br[ni%-r$1 elongat$1 di/9ctly segm5t$1 slightly convex2 active2 cov]$ ) ?9 mealy secretion4 ,l5g?1 av]ag+ #a_/ad;94 ,body oval1 tap]+ some:at to ! po/]ior extremity4 ,anal tub]cles inconspicu\s1 ea* be>+ f9e hairs & a long cottony filam5t4 ,anog5ital r+ l>ge1 ) six hairs (t5 =m+ ) cotton a protrud+ p5cil4 ,a few cottony app5dages sometimes r\nd ! edge ( ! body1 (t5 abs5t4 ,ant5n ( eight jo9ts1 ea* be>+ hairs4 ,feet normal2 l[] digitules r broad4 ,sac ( male pupa n>r[1 cyl9drical1 :ite1 cottony1 op5 at ! po/]ior end4 ,l5g?1 ab\t #a_/h;94 ,adult male ab\t #a_/bj;94 long2 br[n1 cov]$ :5 newly hat*$ ) :ite meal4 ,body r ?ick2 abdom9al spike %ort4 ,ant5n ( t5 jo9ts1 hairy2 ! la/ eight jo9ts equal to ea* o!r4 ,feet sl5d]1 hairy2 upp] digitules long1 f9e2 l[] digitules %ort4 ,habitat--,on ,panax1 ,rubus1 ,coprosma1 ,pittosporum1 ,pip] excelsum1 c42 ?r\gh\t ! ,isl&s3 also frequ5tly on fruit-trees4 ,a species m ne>ly resembl+ ! ord9>y mealy bug1 ,d4 adonidum1 ?an any o!r 9 ,new ,zeal&2 b diff]+ 9 col\r1 9 ! abs5ce ( long m>g9al app5dages1 & 9 ! =m ( ! foot & ant5n4 #fc4 ,dactylopius po1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xi41 #ahgh1 p4 #bbj4 7,plate ,,xviii41 ,fig4 #a47 ,adult female p9k1 cov]$ ) ?9 :ite meal2 slightly elongat$1 sometimes globul>2 flat b5ea?1 convex above2 segm5t$1 ! segm5ts indi/9ct4 ,l5g? rea*+ ab\t #a_/aj;94 ,ant5n ( eight jo9ts1 v %ort4 ,feet normal1 v %ort2 upp] digitules %ort1 l[] digitules abs5t 7874 ,anal tub]cles extremely small & inconspicu\s2 ea* has ?ree conical sp9es1 b no hairs4 ,anog5ital r+ l>ge1 ) six hairs4 ,on ! dorsum are numb]s ( small circul> sp9n]ets4 ,adult male unkn[n4 ,habitat--,on ! common tussock grass1 ,poa anceps 7au/ralis871 ,m\nt ,grey ,d[ns & ,port ,hills1 ,cant]bury2 ei!r j above ! gr\nd1 or m (t5 an in* or two bel[ ! surface4 ,a species cle>ly di/9ct 9 =m & habit4 ,g5us3 ,,pseudococcus1 ,we/wood4 ,adult females cov]$ ) cottony secretion2 /ation>y2 ant5n ( n9e jo9ts2 anog5ital r+ conspicu\s1 ) six hairs2 upp] digitules ( ! foot abs5t4 #fd4 ,pseudococcus a/eli1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xvi41 #ahhc1 p4 #aci4 7,plate ,,xviii41 ,fig4 #b47 ,adult female ab\t #a_/aj;94 long1 yell[i%-br[n1 cov]$ ) a n v abundant :ite cotton2 segm5t$2 anal tub]cles inconspicu\s2 anal r+ ) six hairs4 ,ant5n ) n9e jo9ts1 ( :i* ! ?ird1 f\r?1 & fif? are ! longe/2 ! second1 six?1 & n9? a little %ort]2 ! fir/1 sev5?1 & eigh? ! %orte/4 ,! f\r?1 fif?1 & six? are ! n>r[e/1 ! two ends ( ! ant5n be+ ?ick] ?an ! middle4 ,! eigh? jo9t is a little exp&$ at ! tip2 & ! n9? is fusi=m1 ) a %all[ depression at ! extremity4 ,all ! jo9ts h a few long hairs1 & on ! eigh? is "o a good deal /rong] ?an ! o!rs4 ,! legs h ! tibi twice z long z ! t>sus2 ! claw is sl5d]1 & has no too? on ! inn] edge4 ,!re are only two digitules 7! l[] pair71 :i* are long & f9e4 ,! tro*ant] be>s "o %ort bri/le4 ,! :ole leg is sl5d] & long4 ,! eyes are tub]cul> & smoo?1 %[+ aft] mac]ation 9 pota% a small d>k t]m9al spot4 ,! body is cov]$ ) a numb] ( sp9n]ets ( two k9ds3 ^? ) simple conc5tric circles are ! l>ge/1 & are f\nd all ov] ! integum5t2 ! o!rs are multilocul>1 & are plac$ 9 gr\ps at ! edges ( ! segm5ts & also 9 great numb]s at ! cephalic & abdom9al extremities4 ,int]sp]s$ ) ^! sp9n]ets are sev]al hairs1 mo/ly v %ort1 b on ! head are "s pretty long4 ,f ! anal tub]cles spr+ two /rong set ) tub]cul> bases1 n v long4 ,! m5tum is dim]\s1 & be>s a few hairs on ! tip4 ,9 ! gr\ps ( sp9n]ets at ! edges ( ! segm5ts are f\nd a few small conical sp9es4 ,! f\r spiracles are small & simple4 ,adult male unkn[n4 ,habitat--,on ,a/elia sp41 9 =e/s1 ,hawke's ,bay4 ,alli$ to ,p4 ,mespili1 ,ge(froy2 b diff]s 9 ! ant5n1 feet1 & sp9n]ets4 ,subdivision ,,iii4--,,coccid4 ,adult females active1 cov]$ ) mealy secretion2 ant5n ( sev5 jo9ts2 no hairs on anog5ital r+4 ,eyes ( male n facett$4 ,?is subdivision1 :i* includes ! s+le g5us ,coccus1 ( :i* !re w\ld seem to be n m ?an "o di/9ct species--,coccus cacti 7! co*9eal insect7--& two or ?ree v>ieties1 has n yet any repres5tatives 9 ,new ,zeal&4 ,subdivision ,,iv4--,,monophlebid4 ,adult females active or /ation>y2 nak$1 or cov]$ ) mealy1 cottony1 or waxy secretion2 segm5t$2 ant5n ( t5 or elev5 jo9ts2 ant]ior pair ( feet simil> to ! re/2 anog5ital r+ )\t hairs2 anal tub]cles inconspicu\s4 ,males ) facett$ eyes & no ocelli4 ,/rictly speak+1 ! w+s ( ! males ( ?is gr\p %\ld1 accord+ to its "n1 pres5t only a s+le n]vure4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n ! case1 or1 r1 x %\ld be said t ! n]vure is precisely simil> to t ( all o!r ,coccids1 bran*+ once1 s t x _c =m a di/9ctive "*4 ,possibly ! "n ( ,monophlebus 0 orig9ally giv5 by ,lea* to an abnormal or imp]fect specim54 ,g5us3 ,,ic]ya1 ,signoret4 ,adult females hav+ ant5n ( elev5 jo9ts2 cov]$ ) ?9 mealy secretion or ) cotton2 /ation>y2 ) or )\t ovisac4 ,ro/rum & m5tum pres5t4 ,segm5tation inconspicu\s4 ,adult males )\t tassels on ! abdom52 ant5n ) two dilations on ea* jo9t4 ,two species only ( ?is g5us are at pres5t kn[n1 ! "o describ$ bel[ & ano!r1 ,i4 sac*>i1 infe/+ sug>-canes 9 ,mauritius4 ,! male ( ! latt] is unkn[n4 ,possibly rese>*es 9 ,au/ralia might result 9 ! discov]y ( o!rs4 #fe4 ,ic]ya ,pur*asi1 ,maskell4 ,n4 ,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xi41 #ahgh1 p4 #bba2 ,vol4 ,,xvi41 #ahhc1 p4 #adj2 p4 #adj2 ,vol4 ,,xvii41 #ahhd1 p4 #cj2 ,vol4 ,,xix41 #ahhf1 p4 #de4 ,! ,cottony-cu%ion ,scale4 7,plate ,,xix47 ,adult female d>k r$di%-br[n1 cov]$ ) a ?9 p[d]y secretion ( yell[i% meal1 & ) sl5d] glassy filam5ts2 /ation>y at ge/ation1 & gradually rais+ itself on its head1 lift+ ! po/]ior extremity until ne>ly p]p5dicul>1 fill+ ! space b5ea? x ) ?ick :ite cotton1 :i* gradually ext5ds = "s di/ance beh9d x 9 an elongat$1 :ite ovisac1 longitud9ally corrugat$2 ovisac (t5 mu* long] ?an ! insect1 & becom+ fill$ ) oval r$ eggs4 ,l5g? ( female1 ab\t #a_/e;941 rea*+ sometimes ne>ly #a_/c;94 ,body previ\s to ge/ation ly+ flat on ! plant1 ! edge slightly turn$ up2 on ! dorsum a longitud9al rais$ ridge1 =m+ "o or m prom95ces4 ,insect cov]$ all ov] ) num]\s m9ute f9e hairs1 mo/ ?ickly on ! ?oracic region2 r\nd ! edge ^! hairs are long]1 & are arrang$ 9 tufts some:at closely set2 ! tufts are black1 & conta9 f tw5ty to ?irty hairs 9 ea*4 ,among/ ! hairs 9 ! tufts are sev]al protrud+ tubul> sp9n]ets1 hav+ on ! out] end a k9d ( multiglobul> r+ or cr[n2 f ^! proce$ cyl9drical1 glassy1 /raight tubes z long z ! tufts ( hair4 ,long1 f9e1 glassy1 delicate filam5ts1 z long z ! body ( ! insect1 radiate f ! edge all r\nd2 b ^!1 be+ v fragile1 are (t5 irregul>1 or abs5t4 ,dur+ ge/ation ?ick1 %ort1 cottony processes =m at ! edge ( ! ?orax1 seem+ly atta*$ to ! feet4 ,ant5n ( elev5 jo9ts1 v slightly tap]+2 ea* jo9t be>+ hairs4 ,feet normal1 some:at ?ick4 ,ro/rum n long2 m5tum tri>ticulate4 ,procreation comm5c+ soon aft] ! fir/ =mation ( ! ovisac1 ! eggs be+ eject$ into ! sac z x gr[s2 ovisac at completion conta9+ sometimes z _m z #cej eggs2 ovisac convex above1 sometimes irregul>ly split1 m (t5 ne>ly conical1 divid$ by sev]al regul> longitud9al grooves or ribs4 ,female ( second /age d>k-r$1 elongat$1 slightly convex1 active1 cov]$ ) ?9 meal1 or %ort curly cotton4 ,body hairy ) m>g9al tufts & sp9n]ets1 z 9 adult4 ,anal tub]cles inconspicu\s1 b ! abdom5 exhibits ?ree small lobes on ea* side1 f :i* spr+ six %ort set4 ,ant5n ( n9e ne>ly equal jo9ts1 hairy4 ,feet normal1 ?ick4 ,sev]al radiat+1 f9e cottony filam5ts4 ,l5g? ( insect v>iable1 f #a_/aj;94 to #a_/f;94 ,! dorsum exhibits ! longitud9al rais$ ridge1 b less conspicu\sly ?an 9 ! adult4 ,"y l>va1 ab\t #a_/bd;94 long1 d>k-r$1 elongat$1 flatti%1 active2 cov]$ ) yell[ cottony d[n4 ,ant5n ( six jo9ts1 hairy2 ! la/ jo9t is mu* ! l>ge/1 clavate1 app>5tly f\r-r+$1 be>+ f\r long hairs4 ,feet sl5d]2 digitules %ort1 f9e hairs4 ,eyes prom95t1 tub]cul>4 ,m5tum bi>ticulate4 ,anal tub]cles repres5t$ by ?ree small processes at ea* side ( ! abdom9al extremity1 ea* process be>+ a v long seta4 ,six longitud9al r[s ( circul> multilocul> sp9n]ets1 f\r on ! dorsum & "o on ea* edge4 ,alt]nat+ ) ^! are r[s ( hairs ) tub]cul> bases4 ,adult male l>ge1 ! l5g? slightly v>y+2 "s specim5s rea* #a_/h;942 expanse ( w+s1 #a_/d;942 l5g? ( ant5n1 ab\t #a_/h;94 ,body r$1 ) a %9+1 diamond-%ap$1 black pat* on ! dorsal surface ( ! ?orax2 legs & ant5n black4 ,w+s d>k-br[n ) 79 "s lights7 a blui% t+e1 m>k$ ) oblique1 n>r[1 wavy /ripes2 ma9 n]vure r$1 bran*+ once2 !re are also two longitud9al1 :iti%1 n>r[ b&s4,u ,ant5n v long & sl5d]1 ) t5 jo9ts1 :i* may easily be tak5 = n9ete51 =1 aft] ! fir/ :i* is %ort1 r\nd1 & simple1 all ! o!r n9e h two dilat$ portions ) a con/riction 9 ! middle1 & on ea* dilation is a r+ ( v long hairs1 giv+ ! ant5na a fea!ry appe>ance4,v ,eyes v l>ge & prom95t1 almo/ p$unculat$1 br[n1 divid$ into num]\s semi-globul> facets4 ,feet long & v hairy2 cox %ort & ?ick1 tibi long & sl5d]1 claw ?92 upp] digitules abs5t1 l[] pair only %ort bri/les4 ,abdom5 sl5d]1 segm5ts some:at di/9ct2 on ea* segm5t "s hairs2 ! la/ segm5t ends 9 two ?ick1 conspicu\s1 cyl9drical processes1 :i*1 9 side view1 are se5 to incl9e upw>ds1 & b5ea? !m is ! %ort1 conical spike %ea?+ ! p5is4 ,p5is r$1 longi%1 tubul>1 & ?ick1 ) _m recurv$ %ort hairs1 & at ! end a r+ ( %ort sp9es4 ,ea* ( ! two processes on ! la/ segm5t be>s ?ree or f\r long set1 b !re d n appe> to be any ( ! long cottony app5dages se5 9 ! males ( mo/ ,coccids4 ,u ,signoret 7,ann4 de la ,soc4 ,ent4 de ,france1 #ahge71 "u ! g5us ,monophlebus1 speaks ( les plis hyal9s z exi/+ also 9 ! w+s ( ! males ( t g5us4 ,v ,misl$ by simil> appe>ances1 ,burmei/] & ,we/wood assign tw5ty-five jo9ts to ! male ant5na ( ,lea*ia fuscip5nis4 ,habitat--,on wattle1 p9e1 orange1 lemon1 cypress1 rose1 gorse1 grass1 &1 9 fact1 on almo/ e k9d ( native & introduc$ plants1 ,nelson1 ,hawke's ,bay1 ,auckl&4 ,x w probably appe> also else:]e1 b ! climate ( ,cant]bury & ,otago may prove too cold 9 w9t] = x4 ,alli$ to ,i4 sac*>i1 ,gur91 :i* damages sug>-canes 9 ,mauritius2 b diff]+ 9 ! =mation ( ! ovisac1 ! pres5ce ( ! m>g9al tufts & sp9n]et tubes 9 ! female1 & 9 o!r p>ticul>s4 ,! male ( ,i4 sac*>i has n be5 describ$4 ,! male ( ,i4 ,pur*asi is probably q di/9ct4 ,?is species is suppos$ to h come orig9ally f ,au/ralia4 ,x has be5 v injuri\s to orange & lemon trees at ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope & 9 ,cali=nia4 ,9 ,auckl& x has de/roy$ :ole or*>ds ( ! same trees1 & 9 ,nelson & ,hawke's ,bay x is a dreadful pe/ on all k9ds ( plants4 ,tree-gr[]s %\ld especially bew>e ( ?is insect1 & ! be/ plan to adopt w\ld be to burn at once any tree f\nd infe/$ ) x4 ,g5us3 ,c,,lo/oma1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xii41 #ahhi1 p4 #bid4 ,adult females ) ant5n ( elev5 jo9ts2 segm5t$2 nak$1 active2 at ge/ation becom+ /ation>y & enclos$ 9 a ?ick mass ( :ite cottony secretion4 ,anal tub]cles abs5t or inconspicu\s4 ,ro/rum & m5tum abs5t 9 ! adult female4 ,males ) prom95t1 facett$ eyes2 ocelli abs5t4 ,abdom5 )\t tassels4 ,9 "o ,new ,zeal& species ! female 9 ! second /age is /ation>y1 enclos$ 9 a ?ick1 h>d mass ( waxy secretion1 ( :i* "s acc\nt is giv5 9 ,*ap4 ,,iii4 ,! o!r species includ$ 9 ?is "w inhabits a remote & sc>cely visit$ di/rict1 & ! female has n hi!rto be5 f\nd2 x is n possible !re=e to include ! excretion ( wax & ! /ation>y position among/ ! g5]ic *>act]s at pres5t4 ,?is g5us is alli$ to ,porphyrophora1 ,br&t1 & to ,monophlebus1 ,lea*2 diff]+ f ! =m] by ! pres5ce ( an sophagal orifice1 & f ! latt] by ! abs5ce ( tassels on ! abdom5 ( ! male4 ,9 ! g5us ,ortonia1 ,signoret1 ! female possesses a ro/rum & m5tum4 #ff4 ,clo/oma zeal&icum1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xii41 #ahgi1 p4 #bid2 ,vol4 ,,xiv41 #ahha1 p4 #bbf2 ,vol4 ,,xvi41 #ahhc1 p4 #ada4 7,plate ,,xx42 ,plate ,,xxi41 ,fig4 #a47 ,adult female brick-r$1 elongat$1 di/9ctly segm5t$1 convex2 l5g? ab\t #a_/b;942 be=e ge/ation active1 nak$ or cov]$ ) ?9 meal2 dur+ ge/ation /ation>y1 enclos$ 9 a ?ick mass ( :ite cotton4 ,ant5n ( elev5 jo9ts1 tap]+ to ! tip2 ! jo9ts all ne>ly equal1 & be>+ sev]al hairs4 ,feet black1 %ort1 /rong2 all ! pairs plac$ some:at =w>d2 digitules abs5t1 a %ort seta at ! base ( ! claw2 on ! inn] edge ( ! tibia & t>sus a fr+e ( /rong hairs2 on ! tro*ant] a long hair4 ,ro/rum & m5tum abs5t2 m\? repres5t$ by a m9ute orifice betwe5 ! second pair ( feet4 ,eyes v m9ute1 tub]cul>1 project+1 plac$ beh9d ! ant5n4 ,anal tub]cles abs5t2 anog5ital op5+ small1 elliptical1 simple1 hairless4 ,body flatti% b5ea?1 m convex above2 segm5ts di/9ct1 g5]ally smoo?1 sometimes be>+ h>d project+ callosities4 ,sk9 cov]$ ) m9ute hairs int]sp]s$ ) circul> sp9n]ets4 ,female ( second /age deep-r$ 9 col\r1 ne>ly globul>1 v indi/9ctly segm5t$2 /ation>y1 enclos$ 9 a ?ick1 h>d solid te/ ( yell[ wax2 te/s atta9+ sometimes ! size ( a l>ge pea2 enclos$ insect av]ag+ #a_/e;94 9 l5g?4 ,insect fill+ ! te/2 sk9 smoo?1 v ?92 g5]al appe>ance l a h>d1 r\nd1 smoo? ball4 ,anal tub]cles abs5t2 anog5ital r+ small1 simple1 hairless3 f ?is r+ spr+s (t5 a tuft ( %ort :ite cotton1 & a long :ite cottony seta protrud+ ?r\gh an orifice 9 ! te/4 ,ro/rum & m5tum pres5t1 v small2 m5tum tri>ticulate1 ) a few hairs at ! tip4 ,ant5n v %ort1 ( eight jo9ts1 conical1 tap]+ to ! tip1 hairy4 ,feet atrophi$1 bloat$-look+1 app>5tly only consi/+ ( a v %ort femur1 tibia1 & t>sus2 digitules two1 v small4 ,sk9 cov]$ ) a great numb] ( circul> sp9n]ets ( two sizes1 ! l>g] ones simple1 ! small] multilocul>4 ,tra*e v l>ge2 spiracul> orifices conta9+ br[n tubes ) bead$ extremities on ! inn] end4 ,anal extremity d>k-br[n1 ! anal r+ 9 ! c5tre2 sp9n]ets "h v num]\s1 conv]g+ t[>ds ! anus4 ,insect 9 ?is /age emitt+ a /rong1 p]si/5t1 & fetid od\r4 ,"y l>va brick-r$1 elongat$1 active1 nak$2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/bd;94 ,ant5n ( six jo9ts1 hairy2 la/ jo9t ! l>ge/1 clavate4 ,eyes & feet z 9 adult1 b !re is no fr+e on ! tibia & t>sus4 ,ro/rum & m5tum l>ge1 conspicu\s4 ,sk9 cov]$ ) circul> sp9n]ets & m9ute hairs2 ! sp9n]ets are mo/ num]\s on ! abdom54 ,anog5ital r+ app>5tly fold$4 ,at ! extremity ( ! abdom5 two long hairs spr++ f quadrate tub]cul> bases :i* repres5t ! anal tub]cles4 ,adult male r$ or purpli% 9 col\r1 w+s blui%-purple ) r$ n]vures2 l5g?1 ab\t #a_/e;942 wid? across exp&$ w+s1 ab\t #a_/b;94 ,eyes l>ge1 prom95t1 facett$4 ,ant5n ( t5 jo9ts1 ea* jo9t be>+ _m hairs4 ,feet long1 sl5d]1 ) some:at l>ge tro*ant]2 on ! tibia & t>sus a fr+e ( hairs z 9 ! female4 ,upp] digitules two long f9e hairs2 l[] digitules abs5t4 ,! n]vure ( ! w+s bran*es twice at lea/4 ,halt]e l>ge1 inflat$1 sac-l2 be>+ f\r curl+ set4 ,abdom5 di/9ctly segm5t$1 ea* segm5t be>+ _m f9e %ort hairs & sev]al small circul> m>ks4 ,abdom9al spike %ort1 broad1 bivalvul>2 p5is protrud+ z a long s(t :ite tube cov]$ ) m9ute recurv$ hairs4 ,habitat--,= ! adult female & l>va ! trunks ( trees & %rubs 9 =e/s1 or rocks & bu%es 9 op5 c\ntry1 ,otago1 ,nelson1 ,cant]bury1 ,well+ton4 ,= ! second /age ! /ems & roots ( ,muhl5beckia adsp]sa 7complexa872 ,sumn] ,road1 ,lyttelton2 ,evans ,bay1 ,well+ton3 ,rhipogonum sc&5s 7supplejack72 ,ricc>ton ,bu%1 ,cant]bury2 ,nelson2 ,well+ton4 ,on ,muhl5beckia ! waxy te/s are (t5 l>ge/ & mo/ num]\s und]gr\nd4 ,male insects sometimes f\nd clu/]+1 atta*$ to females4 ,?is is a v l>ge & peculi> species1 its trans=mations & *anges ( secretion be+ abnormal4 ,x _c be said to be greatly h>mful2 b ! od\r ( ! second /age is unpleasant4 #fg4 ,clo/oma wairo5se1 ,maskell4 ,n4,z4 ,trans41 ,vol4 ,,xvi41 #ahhc1 p4 #ada4 7,plate ,,xxi41 ,fig4 #b47 ,adult female1 female ( second /age1 & l>va unkn[n4 ,adult male v ne>ly resembl+ t ( ,c4 zeal&icum2 body r$ or purpli%1 w+s blue ) r$ n]vures4 ,l5g? ( body1 ab\t #a_/f;94 ,eyes prom95t1 facett$4 ,ant5n ( t5 jo9ts1 sl5d]1 ) f9e hairs4 ,feet z 9 ,c4 zeal&icum1 b ) few] hairs4 ,digitules tw5ty-f\r1 all spr++ f ! claw1 none f ! t>sus4 ,halt]e1 abdom9al spike1 p5is1 & abdom5 z 9 ,c4 zeal&icum2 b ! circul> m>ks on ! segm5ts 9 ?is species are multilocul>4 ,male pupa bright-r$1 enclos$ 9 a cyl9drical sac ( :ite cotton4 ,pup occurr+ 9 num]\s colonies4 ,habitat--,on ,phormium t5ax1 ,leptosp]mum scop>ium 7manuka71 ,nor!rn ,wairoa1 ,auckl&4 ,! female ( ?is species w1 :5 f\nd1 probably ne>ly resemble t ( ,c4 zeal&icum3 at pres5t ! great numb] ( digitules on ! foot ( ! male suffici5tly di/+ui% x4 ,,index ,,( ,,plants ,,& ,,! ,,coccidid ,,attack+ ,,!m4 ,?is li/ is ( c\rse only approximate1 z insects may at any "t be f\nd on o!r trees ?an ^? giv54 ,ic]ya ,pur*asi is omnivor\s1 & x has n be5 ?\ght necess>y to repeat x "h aga9/ e plant 9 ! li/2 b x has be5 set aga9/ "s4 ,! adult female ( ,clo/oma zl&icum may also be f\nd w&]+ ov] numb]s ( native trees 9 =e/s4 ,9 ho?\ses & gre5h\ses all sorts ( plants are liable to attack4 ,key to ,symbols ,foll[+ ,insect ,li/+s 99 ,unsightly3 spoil+ appe>ance ( plant4 ,usually accompani$ by mu* black fungus4 ,likely to d mu* injury to plant4 ,plants4 ,insects4 ,alsophila ,col5soi 7f]n7 ,lecanium mori4 99 ,apple ,mytilaspis pomorum4 ,dactylopius glaucus4 99 ,apricot ,mytilaspis pomorum4 ,a% pomorum4 ,aspl5ium bulbif]um 7f]n7 ,*ionaspis dubia4 99 lucidum dubia4 99 ,a/elia ,cunn+hamii ,mytilaspis cordyl9idis4 99 epiphytidis4 ,fior9ia a/eli4 99 /ricta4 ,pseudococcus a/eli4 ,a!rosp]ma ,nov-,zl&i ,aspidiotus a!rosp]m4 ,mytilaspis pyri=mis4 99 ,fior9ia a/eli4 99 ,ct5o*iton viridis4 99 ,+lisia patella4 ,erio*iton sp9osus4 ,bav>dia ,lecanium maculatum4 99 ,box hesp]idum4 99 ,bra*yglottis rep&a ,fior9ia m9ima4 ,ct5o*iton flavus4 fuscus4 99 ,budlia salic9a ,aspidiotus budli4 ,calceol>ia ,dactylopius calceol>i4 99 ,camellia ,aspidiotus camelli4 ,lecanium hemisphricum4 99 hesp]idum4 99 ole4 99 ,pulv9>ia camellicola4 99 ,c>podetus s]ratus ,aspidiotus c>podeti4 ,cass9ia leptophylla 7tauh9e7 ,lecanium ole4 99 ,celmisia ,rhizococcus celmisi4 99 ,coprosma ,aspidiotus n]ii4 ,mytilaspis pyri=mis4 99 ,*ionaspis dubia4 ,fior9ia a/eli4 99 ,ct5o*iton p]=atus4 99 ,coprosma ,ct5o*iton viridis4 99 ,+lisia patella4 ,dactylopius glaucus4 99 ,cordyl9e au/ralis 7cabbage-tree7 ,mytilaspis cordyl9idis4 99 ,fior9ia /ricta4 99 indivisa 7l>ge-leav$ cabbage-tree7 ,mytilaspis cordyl9idis4 99 ,fior9ia /ricta4 99 ,corynoc>pus lvigata 7k>aka7 ,aspidiotus n]ii4 ,cotonea/] microphylla ,mytilaspis pomorum4 ,cya!a ,smi?ii 7tree-f]n7 ,ct5o*iton depressus4 99 ,cya?odes ac]osa ,poliaspis m$ia4 99 ,eriococcus multisp9us4 99 ,cypress ,ic]ya ,pur*asi4 99 ,dan?onia 7grass7 ,dactylopius calceol>i4 99 ,d5drobium ,fior9ia /ricta4 99 ,ct5o*iton elongatus4 99 ,drimys colorata ,mytilaspis drimydis4 ,+lisia patella4 ,dysoxylon spectabile ,aspidiotus dysoxyli4 ,mytilaspis pyri=mis4 99 ,*ionaspis dysoxyli4 99 ,e>9a ,ct5o*iton elongatus4 ,fior9ia /ricta4 99 ,eloc>pus d5tatus 7h9au7 ,ct5o*iton eloc>pi4 flavus4 ,+lisia ornata4 99 ,eriococcus pallidus4 ,eucalyptus ,mytilaspis cordyl9idis4 99 ,euonymus ,aspidiotus camelli4 99 ,f]ns1 v>i\s ,*ionaspis dubia4 ,poliaspis m$ia4 ,ct5o*iton depressus4 99 ,lecanium mori4 ,dactylopius glaucus4 99 ,gahnia ,mytilaspis cordyl9idis4 99 ,g5io/oma ligu/rifolia ,ct5o*iton elongatus4 99 ,gooseb]ry ,fior9ia grossul>i4 ,gorse ,ic]ya ,pur*asi4 99 ,grasses1 v>i\s ,dactylopius po4 ,ic]ya ,pur*asi4 99 ,haw?orn ,mytilaspis pomorum4 ,h$yc>ya ,fior9ia /ricta4 ,hoh]ia angu/ifolia ,eriococcus hoh]i4 ,holly ,lecanium hesp]idum4 99 ,hym5an!ra crassifolia ,ct5o*iton hym5an!r4 99 ,ivy ,lecanium hesp]idum4 99 ,knightia excelsa ,eriococcus multisp9us4 99 ,laurel ,lecanium hesp]idum4 99 ,lemon ,aspidiotus cocc9eus4 99 ,ic]ya ,pur*asi4 99 ,leptosp]mum scop>ium 7manuka7 ,mytilaspis leptosp]mi4 ,ct5o*iton flavus4 ,+lisia leptosp]mi4 ornata4 ,plan*onia epacridis4 ,clo/oma wairo5se4 99 ,leucopogon ,fras]i ,poliaspis m$ia4 99 ,plan*onia epacridis4 ,lilac ,mytilaspis pomorum4 ,melicope t]nata ,erio*iton sp9osus4 ,metrosid]os tom5tosa 7pohutukawa7 ,lecano*iton metrosid]i4 99 robu/a 7rata7 ,mytilaspis metrosid]i4 ,lecano*iton metrosid]i4 99 ,muhl5beckia adsp]sa ,fior9ia /ricta4 ,erio*iton sp9osus4 ,clo/oma zl&icum4 ,myoporum ltum 7ngaio7 ,eriococcus pallidus4 ,myrtle ,lecanium hesp]idum4 99 ,norfolk ,isl& p9e 7,arauc>ia7 ,eriococcus arauc>i4 99 ,ole>ia ,haa/ii ,erio*iton hispidus4 99 ,orange ,aspidiotus cocc9eus4 99 ,*ionaspis citri4 ,lecanium hesp]idum4 99 ole4 99 ,ic]ya ,pur*asi4 99 ,or*ids 7ho?\se7 ,aspidiotus epid5dri4 99 n]ii4 99 ,dactylopius glaucus4 99 ,palms 7ho?\se7 ,aspidiotus epid5dri4 99 n]ii4 99 ,dactylopius glaucus4 99 ,panax arboreum ,fior9ia m9ima4 ,ct5o*iton flavus4 99 fuscus4 99 p]=atus4 99 viridis4 99 ,dactylopius glaucus4 99 ,p>sonsia ,*ionaspis m9or4 ,pea* ,mytilaspis pomorum4 ,pe> ,diaspis santali4 ,mytilaspis pomorum4 ,pella rotundifolia 7f]n7 ,*ionaspis dubia4 ,phormium t5ax 7,new ,zeal& flax7 ,mytilaspis cordyl9idis4 99 ,fior9ia /ricta4 99 ,dactylopius calceol>i4 99 ,clo/oma wairo5se4 99 ,phymatodes ,bill>di]i 7f]n7 ,mytilaspis phymatodidis4 99 ,p9es & firs ,ic]ya ,pur*asi4 99 ,pip] excelsum ,ct5o*iton pip]is4 ,dactylopius glaucus4 99 ,pittosporum 7v>i\s7 ,fior9ia a/eli4 ,ct5o*iton p]=atus4 99 viridis4 99 ,dactylopius glaucus4 99 ,plagian?us ,ct5o*iton depressus4 99 ,plum ,diaspis santali4 ,mytilaspis pomorum4 ,poa anceps 7tussock-grass7 ,dactylopius po4 ,rhipogonum sc&5s 7supplejack7 ,*ionaspis m9or4 99 ,clo/oma zl&icum4 ,rose ,diaspis ros4 99 ,ic]ya ,pur*asi4 99 ,rubus au/ralis 7bu%-lawy]7 ,*ionaspis dubia4 99 ,ct5o*iton p]=atus4 99 viridis4 99 ,eriococcus multisp9us4 ,rubus au/ralis 7bu%-lawy]7 ,dactylopius glaucus4 99 ,santalum ,cunn+hamii 7maire7 ,diaspis santali4 99 ,rhizococcus fossor4 ,sophora tetrapt]a 7k[hai7 ,aspidiotus sophor4 ,sweetbri> ,ic]ya ,pur*asi4 99 ,sycamore ,mytilaspis pomorum4 ,?orn pomorum4 ,v>i\s gre5h\se or ho?\se plants ,aspidiotus epid5dri4 99 n]ii4 99 ,diaspis ,boisduvalii4 99 ,lecanium hemisphricum4 99 hesp]idum4 99 hib]naculorum4 99 mori4 ole4 99 ,dactylopius glaucus4 99 ,ic]ya ,pur*asi4 99 ,v]onica 7v>i\s7 ,poliaspis m$ia4 ,lecanium hesp]idum4 99 ,dactylopius alp9us4 99 ,vitex littoralis 7puriri7 ,aspidiotus c>podeti4 ,wattle 7v>i\s7 epid5dri4 99 ,diaspis ,boisduvalii4 99 ,ic]ya ,pur*asi4 99 ,weep+-will[ ,aspidiotus camelli4 ,,index ,,( ,,gr\ps1 ,,subdivisions1 ,,g5]a1 ,,& ,,species ,,includ$ ,,9 ,,?is ,,"w4 ,names 9 italics are synonyms4 99 ,signifies t ! insect has n yet be5 f\nd 9 ,new ,zeal&4 ,page ,acan?ococcid1 #hh1 #ia ,acan?ococcus1 #ie multisp9us1 #id ,acl]da991 #fc ,anton9a991 #hh ,aonidia991 #ci ,aspidiotus1 #ci1 #dj a!rosp]m1 #dj aurantii1 #db ,b\*ei1 #dd budli1 #dj camelli1 #da c>podeti1 #db citri1 #db cocc9eus 7! orange-scale71 #db con*i=mis1 #ea dysoxyli1 #dc epid5dri1 #dd falci=mis1 #ea jugl&is1 #ea n]ii1 #dd pomorum1 #ea pyrus-malus1 #ea ros1 #dg sophor1 #de ,a/]olecanium991 #fd1 #hg1 #ia qu]cicola991 #ib ,boisduvalia991 #hi ,callipappus991 #ij ,calymnatus hesp]idum1 #hj ,calypticus hesp]idum1 #hj ,capul9ia991 #hi ,c>t]ia991 #fb ,c]opla/es991 #fb ,*]mes epid5dri1 #dd filicum1 #hj hib]naculorum1 #ha ole1 #hb ,*ionaspis1 #ci1 #ed citri1 #ed dubia1 #ed dysoxyli1 #ee euonymi1 #ed m9or1 #ef ,coccid1 #hi1 #ajc ,coccid91 #ch1 #hh ,coccus99 7! co*9eal-insect71 #hi hesp]idum1 #hj ,clo/oma1 #ij1 #ajg wairo5se1 #aji zl&icum1 #ajg ,cryptok]mitid1 #hg ,ct5o*iton1 #fb1 #fe depressus1 #ff eloc>pi1 #fg elongatus1 #fh flavus1 #fh fuscus1 #gj hym5an!r1 #ga p]=atus1 #gb pip]is1 #gc sp9osus1 #hf viridis1 #gd ,dactylopid 7! mealy-bugs71 #hi ,dactylopius1 #hi alp9us1 #ii calceol>i1 #ajj glaucus1 #ajj po1 #aja ,diaspid91 #cg1 #ci ,diaspis1 #ci1 #de ,boisduvalii1 #df ,b\*ei1 #dd gigas1 #eh ros1 #dg santali1 #dg ,drosi*a991 #ij ,eric]us991 #fb ,erio*iton1 #fc1 #hd hispidus1 #hd sp9osus1 #hf ,eriococcus1 #hh1 #ib arauc>i1 #ic hoh]i1 #ic multisp9us1 #id pallidus1 #ie ,eriopeltis991 #fc ,fairmairia991 #fb ,fior9ia1 #ci1 #eg a/eli1 #eh grossul>i1 #ei m9ima1 #ei /ricta1 #fj ,gossyp>ia991 #hh ,gu]9ia991 #ij ,hemicoccid91 #ch1 #hg ,ic]ya1 #ij1 #ajd ,pur*asi 7! cottony-cu%ion scale71 #ajd sac*>i991 #ajf ,+lisia1 #fb1 #ge leptosp]mi1 #ge ornata1 #gf patella1 #gh ,k]mes991 #hg camelli1 #da ,k]mitid991 #hg ,lea*ia991 #ij ,lecanid1 #fc1 #gi ,lecanid91 #ch1 #fb ,lecanium1 #fc1 #gi depressum1 #gi hemisphricum1 #hj hesp]idum 7! holly & ivy scale71 #hj hib]naculorum1 #ha maculatum1 #ha mori1 #hb ole 7! black scale71 #hb ,lecano*iton1 #fb1 #fd metrosid]i1 #fd ,lecanococcid1 #fc1 #hd ,lecanodiaspid1 #fb1 #fc ,lecanodiaspis991 #fc1 #fd ,lecanopsis991 #fc ,leucaspis991 #ci ,li*t5sia991 #fc ,llaveia991 #ij ,m>g>odes991 #ia ,monophlebid1 #ij1 #ajd ,monophlebus991 #ij ,mytilaspis1 #ci1 #dh cordyl9idis1 #dh drimydis1 #di epiphytidis1 #di leptosp]mi1 #ej metrosid]i1 #ej phymatodidis1 #ea pomicorticis1 #eb pomorum 7! apple-scale71 #ea1 #eb pyri=mis1 #ec ,nidul>ia991 #hh ,or!zia991 #hi ,ortonia991 #ij ,p>latoria991 #ci ,philippia991 #fc ,physok]mes991 #fc ,plan*onia1 #fd1 #hh1 #ia epacridis1 #ia ,poliaspis1 #ci1 #ef m$ia1 #eg ,poll9ia991 #fd1 #hg ,porphyrophora991 #ia ,porphyrophorid991 #ia ,pseudococcus1 #hi1 #aja a/eli1 #ajb ,pulv9>ia1 #fc1 #hc camellicola1 #hc ,puto991 #hi ,rhizococcus1 #hh1 #if arauc>i1 #ic celmisi1 #if fossor1 #ig ,rip]sia991 #hi ,signoretia991 #fc ,t>gionia991 #ci ,uhl]ia1 #eg gigas1 #eh ,v9sonia991 #fb ,walk]iana991 #ij ,we/woodia991 #hi ,,descriptions ,,( ,,plates4 ,plate ,i4 ,fig4 #a4 ,eggs ( ,coccidid4 #b4 ,l>va ( ,diaspid94 #c4 ,diagram ( life-hi/ory ( female ,diaspid94 a1 pellicle ( l>va2 b1 second pellicle2 c1 adult female some:at %rivell$ aft] egg-lay+2 d1 eggs2 e1 secret$ matt] =m+ ! scale4 ,9 ?is diagram ! scale is %[n z ov]turn$4 #d4 ,types ( v>i\s sp9n]ets4 a1 simple orifices 7,mytilaspis72 b1 d\ble orifice 7,plan*onia72 c1 multilocul> orifice 7,ct5o*iton72 d1 multilocul> orifice 7,clo/oma72 e1 simple protrud+ sp9n]et 7,aspidiotus72 f1 s]rat$ protrud+ sp9n]et 7,mytilaspis drimydis72 g1 protrud+ sp9n]et 7,acan?ococcus72 k1 conical sp9y sp9n]et & cottony secretion 7,rhizococcus72 m1 lanceolate sp9n]et & glassy secretion 7,+lisia72 n1 gr\p ( abdom9al sp9n]ets1 ) deta*$ orifices 7,mytilaspis72 p1 d\ble multilocul> orifice 7,clo/oma72 s1 coronett$ sp9n]ets & "p ( glassy secretion 7,ic]ya74 #e4 ,ro/ra4 a1 simple ro/rum ( ,diaspid92 b1 ro/rum & trim]\s m5tum ( ,coccid94 #f4 ,foot ( a female insect4 c1 coxa2 tr1 tro*ant]2 f1 femur2 ti1 tibia2 ta1 t>sus2 cl1 claw4 #g4 ,foot ( a male insect4 ,! lett]s z 9 ,fig4 #f4 #h4 ,foot ) digitules1 upp] & l[]4 #i4 ,type ( female ant5na 7,ct5o*iton74 #aj4 ,type ( female ant5na 7,dactylopius74 #aa4 ,type ( ant5na ( l>va 7,ic]ya74 #ab4 ,type ( male ant5na 7,fior9ia74 #ac4 ,"o jo9t ( ant5na ( ,monophlebid 7,ic]ya74 #ad4 ,diagram ( head ( male ( ,lecanid9 7aft] ,signoret71 bo? dorsal & v5tral aspects be+ %[n toge!r4 a1 ant5n2 e1 e1 true eyes1 ! l[] pair be+ on ! v5tral surface 9 ! place ( ! m\?2 oc1 oc1 ocelli4 #ae4 ,head ( male ,ic]ya1 ) facett$ eyes4 #af4 ,w+ ( male insect4 n1 n]vure4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,i4 ,plate ,,ii4 ,fig4 #a4 ,types ( anog5ital r+s4 a1 ,diaspid92 b1 ,lecanid92 c1 ,acan?ococcid2 d1 ,dactylopid2 e1 ,monophlebid4 #b4 ,types ( la/ abdom9al segm5ts ( female4 a1 ,diaspid92 b1 ,lecanid92 c1 ,acan?ococcid2 d1 ,dactylopid2 e1 ,monophlebid4 #c4 ,types ( la/ abdom9al segm5ts ( male1 & %ea? ( ! p5is4 a1 ,diaspid92 b1 ,lecanid9 7,ct5o*iton72 c1 ,acan?ococcid2 d1 ,lecanid9 7,+lisia72 e1 ,dactylopid2 f1 ,monophlebid 7,ic]ya74 #d4 ,respiratory sy/em4 a1 spiracle ( ,lecanium 7aft] ,t>gioni72 b1 spiracle ( ,coccus 7aft] ,t>gioni72 c1 diagram ( arrangem5t ( ! f\r spiracles & ! tra*eal tubes 7,lecanid97 7s4 spiracles72 d1 spiracle & tra*ea ( ,clo/oma4 #e4 ,types ( sp9es & hairs4 a1 anal s]rat$ hairs 7,aspidiotus n]ii72 b1 spiracul> sp9es 7,ct5o*iton72 c1 m>g9al sp9es 7,ct5o*iton72 d1 lanceolate m>g9al sp9es 7,+lisia72 e1 sp9es on anal tub]cles 7,rhizococcus72 f1 m>g9al sp9es 7,eriococcus72 g1 conical sp9es 7,eriococcus72 k1 m>g9al hairs 7,dactylopius72 m1 hairs 7,ic]ya72 n1 anal hairs 7,clo/oma74 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ii4 ,plate ,,iii4 ,types ( ,la/ ,abdom9al ,segm5ts ( ! ,diaspid94 ,fig4 #a4 ,aspidiotus cocc9eus 7aft] ,com/ock72 no gr\ps ( sp9n]ets4 #b4 ,diaspis ros2 five gr\ps ( sp9n]ets4 #c4 ,mytilaspis cordyl9idis2 five gr\ps ( sp9n]ets & s+le orifices4 #d4 ,mytilaspis pyri=mis2 five gr\ps ( sp9n]ets1 almo/ =m+ an ar*4 #e4 ,*ionaspis dysoxyli2 five gr\ps ( sp9n]ets4 #f4 ,poliaspis m$ia2 eight gr\ps ( sp9n]ets4 #g4 ,fior9ia a/eli2 ar* ( sp9n]ets4 #h4 ,fior9ia /ricta2 five gr\ps ( sp9n]ets1 ! ?ree upp] gr\ps almo/ =m+ an ar*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iii4 ,plate ,,iv4 ,fig4 #a4 ,aspidiotus a!rosp]m4 a1 insects on leaf ( ,a!rosp]ma2 b1 adult female4 #b4 ,aspidiotus camelli4 a1 insects on twig ( ,euonymus2 b1 adult female2 c1 d1 pup>ia ( female4 #c4 ,aspidiotus cocc9eus4 a1 insects on r9d ( orange2 b1 adult female 9 pup>ium 7ov]turn$72 c1 pup>ium ( male4 #d4 ,aspidiotus n]ii4 a1 insects on leaf ( wattle2 b1 pup>ia1 male & female4 #e4 ,diaspis ,boisduvalii1 adult female 7aft] ,signoret74 #f4 ,diaspis ros4 a1 insects on twig ( rose2 b1 adult female2 c1 pup>ia1 male & female4 #g4 ,diaspis santali4 a1 insects on twig ( pe>2 b1 male & female pup>ia2 c1 la/ abdom9al segm5t ( female4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iv4 ,plate ,v4 ,fig4 #a4 ,mytilaspis cordyl9idis4 a1 insects on leaf ( ,cordyl9e au/ralis 7cabbage-tree72 b1 male & female pup>ia2 c1 adult female4 #b4 ,mytilaspis epiphytidis4 a1 female pup>ium2 b1 male pup>ium2 c1 adult female4 #c4 ,mytilaspis drimydis4 a1 insects on leaf ( ,drimys colorata2 b1 male & female pup>ia2 c1 adult female2 d1 m>g9al sp9n]ets4 #d4 ,mytilaspis leptosp]mi4 a1 insects on b>k ( ,leptosp]mum 7manuka72 b1 male & female pup>ia2 c1 adult female4 #e4 ,mytilaspis pomorum4 a1 insects on twig ( haw?orn2 b1 female pup>ia2 c1 adult female2 d1 pup>ium ov]turn$1 %[+ enclos$ female1 f1 & eggs1 e4 #f4 ,mytilaspis pyri=mis4 a1 insects on leaf ( ,dysoxylon spectabile2 b1 male & female pup>ia2 e1 adult female2 d1 male2 e1 la/ ?ree jo9ts ( male ant5na2 f1 foot ( male4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,v4 ,,plate ,,vi4 ,fig4 #a4 ,*ionaspis citri4 a1 insects on r9d ( orange2 b1 male & female pup>ia2 c1 adult female4 #b4 ,*ionaspis dubia4 a1 insects on f]n-leaf 7,pella72 b1 male & female pup>ia2 c1 adult female4 #c4 ,*ionaspis dysoxyli4 a1 insects on leaf ( ,dysoxylon2 b1 male & female pup>ia2 c1 adult female4 #d4 ,*ionaspis m9or4 a1 insects on twig ( ,p>sonsia2 b1 male & female pup>ia2 c1 adult female4 #e4 ,poliaspis m$ia4 a1 insects on leaves ( ,cya?odes2 b1 male & female pup>ia2 c1 adult female4 #f4 ,fior9ia a/eli4 a1 insects on leaves ( ,coprosma2 b1 male & female pup>ia2 c1 adult female2 d1 pellicles ( second /age4 #g4 ,fior9ia /ricta4 a1 insects on leaves ( ,e>9a2 b1 male & female pup>ia2 c1 adult female4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vi4 ,plate ,,vii4 ,fig4 #a4 ,lecano*iton metrosid]i4 a1 insects on bran* & leaves ( ,metrosid]os 7rata72 b1 te/ ( female1 upp] side2 c1 te/ ( female1 "u-side2 d1 female ( second /age1 v5tral aspect2 e1 ant5na ( adult female2 f1 te/ ( male4 #b4 ,ct5o*iton depressus4 a1 insects on leaf ( ,plagian?us2 b1 adult female1 dorsal aspect2 c1 te/ ( male2 d1 "p ( fr+e ( female te/4 #c4 ,ct5o*iton eloc>pi4 a1 insect on b>k ( ,eloc>pus 7h9au72 b1 female ( second /age 9 te/1 on leaf4 #d4 ,ct5o*iton elongatus4 a1 female te/s on leaves ( ,e>9a2 b1 "p ( fr+e4 #e4 ,ct5o*iton flavus4 a1 insects on half leaf ( ,panax2 b1 female te/s2 c1 male te/2 d1 adult female1 v5tral aspect2 e1 spiracul> & m>g9al sp9es & sp9n]ets ( female4 #f4 ,ct5o*iton fuscus4 a1 insects on half leaf ( ,panax2 b1 female te/1 upp] side4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vii4 ,,plate ,,viii4 ,fig4 #a4 ,ct5o*iton hym5an!r4 a1 insects on leaves ( ,hym5an!ra2 b1 female te/2 c1 male te/4 #b4 ,ct5o*iton p]=atus4 a1 insects on leaf ( ,coprosma2 b1 adult female 9 te/1 v5tral aspect2 c1 male te/2 d1 female te/ & fr+e2 e1 portion ( edge ( female te/ ) ?ree segm5ts ( fr+e1 %[+ ! r[s ( p]=ations2 f1 ant5na ( adult female2 g1 male2 k1 head ( male1 upp] side2 m1 head ( male1 "u-side4 #c4 ,ct5o*iton pip]is4 a1 insects on leaf ( ,pip] excelsum2 b1 females 9 te/s1 dorsal aspect2 c1 male pupa 9 te/1 dorsal aspect2 d1 female ( second /age1 dorsal aspect2 e1 two ( ! tub]cles on ! dorsum ( ! adult female1 aft] pressure4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,viii4 ,,plate ,,ix4 ,fig4 #a4 ,ct5o*iton viridis4 a1 insects on leaf ( ,coprosma2 b1 female ( second /age2 c1 adult female 7! te/ remov$72 d1 male te/2 e1 a segm5t ( ! female te/2 f1 diagram ( head ( male1 upp] & "u sides %[n toge!r1 eight eyes & two ocelli2 k1 ant5na ( male4 #b4 ,+lisia leptosp]mi4 a1 insects on twig ( ,leptosp]mum 7manuka72 b1 female te/1 side view2 c1 female te/1 upp] side2 d1 male te/2 e1 a segm5t ( ! female te/2 f1 adult female1 dorsal aspect2 g1 ant5na ( female2 k1 foot ( female4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ix4 ,plate ,x4 ,fig4 #a4 ,+lisia ornata4 a1 insects on twig ( ,eloc>pus 7h9au72 b1 female te/1 side view2 c1 female te/1 dorsal view2 d1 a segm5t ( ! female te/ & ?ree segm5ts ( fr+e2 e1 male te/2 f1 adult female1 side view2 g1 m>g9al sp9es ( female4 #b4 ,+lisia patella4 a1 insects on leaf ( ,coprosma2 b1 c1 female te/s1 upp] side2 d1 adult female1 v5tral aspect2 e1 m>g9al sp9es ( female4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,x4 ,,plate ,,xi4 ,fig4 #a4 ,lecanium depressum4 a1 adult female1 dorsal aspect2 b1 m>k+s ( ! sk94 #b4 ,lecanium hemisphricum4 a1 insects on ,camellia2 b1 adult female1 dorsal aspect2 c1 adult female1 side view2 d1 female ( second /age4 #c4 ,lecanium hesp]idum4 a1 insects on leaf ( ivy2 b1 adult female1 dorsal aspect2 c1 female ( second /age2 d1 m>k+s ( sk94 #d4 ,lecanium mori4 a1 insects on f]n-leaf 7,aspl5ium72 b1 adult female1 dorsal aspect4 #e4 ,lecanium ole4 a1 insects on twig ( ,camellia2 b1 adult female1 dorsal aspect2 c1 adult female1 side view2 d1 female ( second /age1 dorsal aspect2 e1 m>k+s ( sk94 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xi4 ,plate ,,xii4 ,fig4 #a4 ,pulv9>ia camellicola4 a1 insects on bran* & leaf ( ,camellia2 b1 adult female & ovisac1 dorsal aspect2 c1 adult female & ovisac1 side view2 d1 adult female1 dorsal aspect2 e1 female ( second /age2 f1 m>k+s ( sk91 ) hairs2 g1 ant5na ( adult female2 k1 diagram ( head ( male1 upp] & "u sides %[n toge!r1 f\r eyes & two ocelli4 #b4 ,plan*onia epacridis4 a1 insect 9 te/ on leaf ( ,leucopogon2 b1 female 9 te/1 dorsal aspect2 c1 portion ( ! d\ble fr+es2 d1 extremity ( abdom5 ( female2 e1 anog5ital r+ & anal tub]cles ( female2 f1 ant5na ( l>va2 g1 r+s ) hairs replac+ ant5n ( adult female4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xii4 ,plate ,,xiii4 ,fig4 #a4 ,erio*iton hispidus4 a1 ,insects on twig & leaves ( ,ole>ia ,haa/ii2 b1 adult female1 dorsal aspect1 ) fragm5ts ( te/ & fr+e2 c1 adult female )\t te/1 dorsal aspect2 d1 male te/1 upp] side2 e1 male te/1 "u-side2 f1 l>va1 ) fr+e2 g1 female ( second /age1 )\t te/1 dorsal aspect2 k1 m1 sp9es & tubul> fr+e2 n1 ant5na ( adult female2 p1 foot ( adult female2 s1 la/ five jo9ts ( male ant5na2 t1 abdom9al spike ( male4 #b4 ,erio*iton sp9osus4 a1 insects on twig ( ,melicope2 b1 adult female1 )\t te/2 c1 female ( second /age2 d1 male te/2 c1 m>g9al sp9es & fea!ry fr+e ( female2 f1 foot ( adult female2 g1 ant5na ( adult female4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xiii4 ,,plate ,,xiv4 ,fig4 #a4 ,eriococcus arauc>i4 a1 insects on twig ( ,arauc>ia excelsa 7,norfolk ,isl& p9e72 b1 sac ( female1 upp] side2 c1 sac ( female1 "u-side1 ) enclos$ %rivell$ female & eggs2 d1 sac ( male2 e1 adult female be=e ge/ation2 f1 extremity ( abdom51 anog5ital r+1 & anal tub]cles ( female4 #b4 ,eriococcus hoh]i4 a1 insects on b>k ( ,hoh]ia2 b1 sac ( female1 upp] side2 c1 sac ( male2 d1 adult female2 e1 extremity ( abdom5 & anal tub]cles ( adult female2 f1 foot ( adult female2 g1 ant5na ( adult female2 k1 l>va1 v5tral aspect2 m1 male2 n1 abdom9al spike ( male2 p1 ant5na ( male4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xiv4 ,plate ,,xv4 ,fig4 #a4 ,eriococcus multisp9us4 a1 insects on leaf ( ,knightia2 b1 sac ( female1 upp] side2 c1 sac ( female1 "u-side1 ) enclos$ insect2 d1 adult female1 dorsal aspect2 e1 diagram ( arrangem5t ( sp9es on female2 f1 sp9es ( female2 i1 ant5na ( female2 k1 head ( male1 upp] side2 m1 abdom9al spike ( male4 #b4 ,eriococcus pallidus4 a1 insects on leaf ( ,myoporum 7ngaio72 b1 sac ( female2 c1 adult female1 dorsal aspect2 d1 "p ( abdom5 ( female2 e1 ant5na ( female4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xv4 ,plate ,,xvi4 ,fig4 #a4 ,rhizococcus celmisi4 a1 ,insects on leaves ( ,celmisia2 b1 adult female dorsal aspect4 #b4 ,rhizococcus fossor4 a1 ,insects on leaves ( ,santalum 7maire72 b1 elevation produc$ by insect on upp] side ( leaf2 c1 female 9 pit on "u-side ( leaf2 d1 sac ( male2 e1 adult female be=e ge/ation1 f a pit2 f1 adult female f surface ( leaf2 g1 female ( second /age2 k1 m>g9al sp9es & tubul> cotton ( second /age2 m1 ant5na ( adult female2 n1 male2 p1 diagram ( head ( male1 upp] & l[] sides %[n toge!r1 f\r eyes & two ocelli2 s1 abdom9al spike ( male2 t1 ant5na ( male4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xvi4 ,plate ,,xvii4 ,fig4 #a4 ,dactylopius alp9us4 a1 ,insects on twig ( ,v]onica2 b1 adult female1 dorsal aspect2 c1 female ( second /age2 d1 anog5ital r+2 e1 ant5na ( adult female4 #b4 ,dactylopius calceol>i4 a1 ,insects on leaf ( ,phormium t5ax2 b1 adult female1 dorsal aspect2 c1 ant5na ( adult female4 #c4 ,dactylopius glaucus4 a1 ,insects on leaf ( ,coprosma2 b1 adult female1 gre5 v>iety2 c1 adult female1 br[n v>iety2 d1 sac ( male2 e1 ant5na ( male4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xvii4 ,plate ,,xviii4 ,fig4 #a4 ,dactylopius po4 a1 ,insects on roots ( ,poa 7tussock-grass72 b1 adult female2 c1 ant5na ( adult female2 d1 foot ( adult female2 e1 anog5ital r+ & anal tub]cles ( adult female4 #b4 ,pseudococcus a/eli4 a1 ,insects on leaf ( ,a/elia2 b1 adult female1 dorsal aspect2 c1 ant5na ( adult female2 d1 foot ( adult female2 e1 v>i\s sp9n]ets4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xviii4 ,plate ,,xix4 ,ic]ya ,pur*asi4 a1 ,insects on twig ( ,acacia 7wattle72 b1 adult female & ovisac1 upp] view2 c1 adult female & ovisac1 side view2 d1 female ( second /age2 e1 l>va1 ) yell[ cotton2 f1 male2 g1 halt]e ( male2 k1 two jo9ts ( male ant5na2 m1 hairs1 sp9n]ets1 & glassy tubes2 n1 ant5na ( adult female4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xix4 ,plate ,,xx4 ,clo/oma zl&icum4 a1 adult female1 dorsal aspect2 b1 adult female1 v5tral aspect2 c1 waxy te/s ( females ( second /age on twig ( ,muhl5beckia2 d1 female ( second /age1 dorsal aspect2 e1 female ( second /age1 v5tral aspect1 ) anal tuft ( cotton & seta2 f1 l>va1 ) yell[ mealy secretion2 g1 eggs1 9 cottony mass2 k1 ant5na ( female1 second /age2 l1 foot ( female1 second /age2 m1 ant5na ( adult female2 n1 spiracle & tra*ea ( female2 p1 anal extremity & honeydew organ ( l>va & female ( second /age4 ,n4,b4--,! foot ( ! adult female is %[n 9 ,plate ,i41 ,fig4 #f4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xx4 ,plate ,,xxi4 ,fig4 #a4 ,clo/oma zl&icum4 a1 male insect2 b1 abdom5 ( male2 c1 foot ( male2 d1 hairs & m>ks1 abdom5 ( male2 e1 ant5na ( male2 f1 circul> m>ks1 abdom5 ( male2 k1 abdom9al spike & p5is ( male2 m1 halt]e ( male4 #b4 ,clo/oma wairo5se4 a1 male insect2 b1 head ( male1 upp] side1 ) facett$ eyes2 c1 foot ( male2 d1 circul> m>ks1 abdom5 ( male4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxi4 ,plate ,,xxii4 ,! ,honeydew1 & result+ ,fungi4 ,fig4 #a4 a1 ,lecanid female 7,ct5o*iton7 ) protrud$ honeydew organ2 b1 abdom9al extremity ( ! same1 enl>g$1 ! drop ( honeydew bur/+ 9 spray4 #b4 a1 fungoid gr[? on upp] side ( leaf2 b1 fungoid gr[? on twig2 c1 d1 e1 v>i\s =ms ( black fungi f honeydew4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxii4 ,plate ,,xxiii4 ,p>asites ( ,coccidid4 ,fig4 #a4 a1 pupa ( hym5opt]\s p>asite2 b1 ! same pupa "u ! waxy te/ ( ,ct5o*iton p]=atus2 c1 imago1 or full-gr[n p>asite4 #b4 a1 br[n & yell[ fungi on ,ct5o*iton viridis 7leaf ( ,h$yc>ya d5tata72 b1 upp] side ( br[n fungus2 c1 "u-side ( ! same1 ) atta*$ fungoid %eet2 d41 ,ct5o*iton viridis 7te/ remov$7 fill$ ) yell[ fungus1 & ) globul> mass ( ! same above x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxiii4 ,s9ce ?is "w has be5 9 type1 ! au?or has receiv$ a lett] f ! ,/ate ,inspector ( ,fruit ,pe/s = ,cali=nia1 9 :i* ! writ] /ates t ! insect ,ic]ya ,pur*asi has !re1 especially 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ! ,/ate1 ga9$ su* hold on ! orange-groves1 9 spite ( ! mo/ /r5u\s ef=ts1 t ! p f9d x impossible to keep x d[n4 ,orange- & lemon-gr[]s 7& inde$ o!r tree-gr[]s7 9 ,new ,zeal&1 especially 9 ! ,nor? ,isl&1 %\ld take note ( ?is fact1 & bew>e ( ev] lett+ ?is omnivor\s & mo/ de/ructive insect obta9 any foot+ on _! trees4 ,a spe$y burn+ ( e infect$ tree is ! be/ rem$y 9 ?is case4 ,transcrib] ,notes ,all illu/rations mov$ s z to n split p>agraphs4 ,! notes expla9+ ! damage done by ! insects 9 ! ,,index ,,( ,,plants ,,& ,,! ,,coccidid ,,attack+ ,,!m4 7 mov$ be=e ! table4