,,*ats ,,on ,,old ,,%effield ,,plate ,,companion ,,volume ,,by ,,! ,,same ,,au?or ,,*ats ,,on ,,old ,,silv] ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,m>ks ,,/amp$ ,,^u ,,silv] ,,ii4 ,,ecclesia/ical ,,plate ,,iii4 ,,! ,,maz]1 ,,! ,,/&+ ,,cup1 ,,! ,,flagon1 ,,! ,,tank>d1 ,,! ,,beak]1 ,,! ,,w9e ,,cup ,,iv4 ,,! ,,salt ,,cell> ,v4 ,,! ,,spoon ,,vi4 ,,! ,,posset ,,pot1 ,,! ,,porr+] ,,vii4 ,,! ,,c&le/ick ,,viii4 ,,! ,,teapot1 ,,! ,,c(fee ,,pot1 ,,! ,,tea ,,caddy ,,ix4 ,,! ,,ca/]1 ,,! ,,sug> ,,b[l1 ,,! ,,cream ,,pail1 ,,! ,,cake ,,basket ,x4 ,,! ,,cream ,,jug ,,xi4 ,,scotti% ,,silv] ,,xii4 ,,iri% ,,silv] ,,app5dix4--,,tables ,,( ,,date ,,lett]s1 ,,london 7#aeih-aije7--,,table ,,( ,,diff]5ces ,,9 ,,%ields1 ,,london 7,,elizabe? ,,to ,,george ,v7--,,illu/rations ,,( ,,m>ks1 ,,london1 ,,prov9cial1 ,,scotti% ,,& ,,iri% ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,c5trepiece4 ,on circul> base1 ) n9e plat$ wire baskets = glass di%es on spiral bran*es4 ,date #agge-aghj4 7,9 ! collection ( ,b4 ,b4 ,h>rison1 ,esq47 ,frontispiece4 ,,*ats ,,on ,,old ,,%effield ,,plate ,,by ,,ar?ur ,,hayd5 ,,au?or ,,( ,,*ats ,,on ,,old ,,silv]1 ,,*ats ,,on ,,old ,,clocks ,,etc4 ,,) ,,frontispiece ,,& #eh ,,full-,,page ,,illu/rations ,,includ+ #e ,,pages ,,( ,,mak]s' ,,m>ks ,t4 ,,fi%] ,,unw9 ,,ltd ,,london3 ,,adelphi ,,t]race ,fir/ publi%$ #aibj ,second ,impression #aibd 7,all rights res]v$7 ,,to ,,my ,,fri5d ,,walt] ,,idris1 ,,9 ,,appreciation ,,( ,,k9dr$ ,,recognition ,,preface ,_m read]s h importun$ me to write a companion volume to my ,*ats on ,old ,silv]1 to complete ! *a9 ( evolution ( ! metal-smi?'s art 9 reg>d to silv] plate & silv] plat$ w>e4 ,accord+ly ?is volume appe>s z a complem5t>y & companion volume to t on ,old ,silv]1 & al?\gh ! =m] describes ! hi/ory & "* ( ! silv]smi?s' "w f ,elizabe? to ,victoria1 ! pres5t volume cov]s a mu* %ort] p]iod1 approximately a hundr$ ye>s1 :5 ! plat]'s skill1 9 :at is n[ g5]ally kn[n z old ,%effield ,plate1 ( sup]impos+ a ?9 %eet ( silv] on a copp] base1 won a triumph 9 ! great art ( simulation until x 0 sup]s$$ by ! mod]n electro-plat+ process4 ,! inv5tion 0 discov]$ & fir/ practis$ at ,%effield1 b x soon cov]$ a wid] area1 & plat$ w>e by fusion & roll$ 0 made at ,birm+ham1 ,london1 ,nott+ham & else:]e4 ,b x /ill reta9s ! "n ( ,%effield ,plate1 & no?+ c remove ?is title f ! public m9d1 al?\gh x is a misnom]4 ,%effield ,plate is ,%effield solid silv] duly assay$ at ! ,%effield ,assay ,(fice1 :i* has exi/$ s9ce #aggc1 & be>s ! cr[n z ! t[n m>k toge!r ) ! mak]'s initials & ! date lett]1 ! same z /]l+ silv] plate assay$ at ,london1 ,birm+ham1 ,*e/]1 ,ed9burgh1 ,dubl91 or any o!r ( ! assay (fices4 ,%effield ,plat$ ,w>e is a copy or simulation ( real plate4 ,x 01 z ?is volume %[s1 possess$ ( consid]able arti/ic qualities1 x 0 fa%ion$ by craftsm5 :o 7 ma/]s ( a clev] te*nique1 & x is1 if n a lo/ art1 c]ta9ly an art n practis$ 9 ! old me?ods nor ) ! same exactitude n[adays1 & z su* x is wor?y ( ! s]i\s att5tion ( ! collector4 ,z to its arti/ry puri/s may cavil at its imitativ5ess4 ,al?\gh imitation is ! s9c]e/ =m ( flatt]y ! contempor>y silv]smi?s ( ,london & else:]e 7 f> f flatt]$4 ,!y began to be al>m$ at ! gr[? ( ! manufacture1 & protective ,acts ( ,p>liam5t 7 pass$ to safegu>d ! int]e/s ( silv]smi?s aga9/ competition by silv] plat]s4 ,9 reg>d to te*nique ,i h giv5 suffici5t details to enable collectors to id5tify _! possessions & to take a fur!r int]e/ 9 details ( craftsman%ip4 ,by p]mission ( ! ,bo>d ( ,education ,i am reproduc+ sev]al designs f ! copp]-plate illu/rations ( ! old ,catalogues & ,patt]n ,books issu$ to buy]s ( _! w>es on ! ,cont95t ( ,europe by ! lead+ firms ( ,%effield 9 ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,9 reg>d to in=mation conc]n+ ! manufacture ( plate by fusion at ,dubl9 ,i am "u an obligation to ,dudley ,we/ropp1 ,esq41 ( ! ,national ,museum1 ,dubl91 = notes embodi$ h]e9 relat+ to ! importation ( ,%effield plat$ w>e into ,irel& & its attempt$ manufacture !re4 ,i h also to ackn[l$ge ! k9dness ( ,g4 ,h>ry ,wallis1 ,esq41 ,f4,s4,a41 ( ! ,nott+ham ,museum & ,art ,gall]y1 = ! inclusion ( illu/rations ( sev]al examples4 ,! ,corporation ( ,%effield h all[$ me to h special photographs tak5 ( examples exhibit$ 9 ! ,public ,museum1 ,%effield1 & ,i am indebt$ to ! ,curator1 ,e4 ,h[>?1 ,esq41 = 8 c\rtesy 9 enabl+ ?is to be c>ri$ out successfully4 ,i h _h access by ! k9dness ( collectors to sev]al repres5tative collections4 ,i am especially indebt$ to ,b4 ,b4 ,h>rison1 ,esq41 = enabl+ me to illu/rate h]e9 _m f9e examples f 8 *oice collection4 ,to ,walt] ,h4 ,willson1 ,esq41 ,i h to express ackn[l$gm5t = all[+ me to reproduce illu/rations ( specim5s ( old ,%effield plat$ w>e t h pass$ ?r\gh 8 h&s = _m ye>s1 & = mu* in=mation af=d$ me 9 connection ) ! old te*nique4 ,9 reg>d to m>ks on old ,%effield & o!r plat$ w>e1 9 view ( /rictures on m>ks laid d[n by ,acts ( ,p>liam5t1 ,i h come to ! conclusion t m>ks on old ,%effield plat$ w>e are some:at negligible1 z !y lack ! au?oritative exactitude ( ^? plac$ by law on silv] plate4 ,!re 7 m>ks :5 ! ,%effield mak]s simulat$ silv] m>ks till !y al>m$ ! silv]smi?s & 7 /opp$ by /atute4 ,!n came a hiatus4 ,!n aga9 !y adopt$ trade m>ks pl5tifully f\nd1 b ^! m>ks are n always f\nd on examples ( ! be/ p]iod4 ,s 9 adjudg+ old ,%effield plat$ w>e1 m>ks h a subsidi>y place1 & !y are accord$ a subsidi>y place 9 ?is volume4 ,i submit ?is volume unhesitat+ly to lov]s ( old ,%effield plat$ w>e z a c>efully consid]$ exposition ( :at 0 produc$ = a hundr$ ye>s1 consi/+ ( f9e design1 exquisite balance1 & wond]ful te*nique1 till plat+ became a sci5tific process & electro-plat+ became ( common usage4 ,b ?is is mod]nity4 ,,ar?ur ,,hayd54 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,preface #g ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations #ac ,,*apt] ,i ,,introduction #ag ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,e>ly ,,days 7,,! ,,inv5tion ,,( ,,silv]-,,plat+ ,,by ,,fusion ,,at ,,%effield7 #dc ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,c&elabra ,,& ,,c&le/icks #gi ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,salt ,,cell>s ,,& ,,mu/>d ,,pots #acc ,,*apt] ,v ,,cake ,,baskets1 ,,decant] ,,/&s 7,,coa/]s71 ,,di% ,,or ,,potato ,,r+s1 ,,ink/&s ,,& ,,tap] ,,hold]s #aei ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,teapots1 ,,tea ,,& ,,c(fee ,,sets1 ,,tea ,,kettles1 ,,c(fee ,,pots1 ,,sug> ,,bas9s #ahg ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,s\p ,,ture5s1 ,,hot ,,wat] ,,jugs1 ,,! ,,supp] ,,table #bag ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,c5trepieces #bdc ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,close ,,plat+ #bei ,,app5dix1 ,,m>ks ,,on ,,old ,,silv] 7#agec-ahdj7 #bga ,,m>ks ,,on ,,old ,,%effield ,,plate #bhe ,,index #bie ,,illu/rations ,old ,%effield ,plat$ ,c5trepiece ,frontispiece ,,*apt] ,i4--,,introduction ,,page ,s\p ,ture5 & ,fruit ,di% c>v$ 9 ,pe>-wood #bi ,w$gwood ,dess]t ,basket & ,dess]t ,c5trepiece #cc ,gr\p ( ,silv] ,lu/re ,w>e & ,glass ,c&le/icks #cg ,,*apt] ,,ii4--,,e>ly ,,days ,knives1 ) ,m$allion ( ,%akespe>e #ea ,w9e ,label1 ,buttons #ea ,gr\p ( ,pat* ,boxes #ee ,c&le/ick1 #agge1 f ,old ,patt]n ,book 7#ah? c5tury7 #fe ,c&le/ick1 #agie1 ,old ,patt]n ,book 7#ah? c5tury7 #fi ,c&le/icks1 #agig1 ,old ,patt]n ,book 7#ah? c5tury7 #ge ,,*apt] ,,iii4--,,c&elabra ,,& ,,c&le/icks ,c&le/ick1 #aghe #hc ,c&elabrum1 #ahjj #hg ,c&elabrum 7#g-lights71 #ahbj #ia ,c&elabrum 7#e-lights71 #ahaj #ic ,c&elabrum 7#b-lights71 #agij #ig ,c&elabra1 #agij #aja ,c&elabrum 7,s+le twi/71 #agij #ajc ,c&elabrum 7,d\ble twi/7 #ajg ,c&elabrum1 #agie2 ,c&elabrum1 #agij-agie #aaa ,c&elabrum1 ,small1 ,c&le/ick1 ,lyre ,design #aac ,c&elabrum 7#c-lights71 #ahje2 ,c&elabrum 7#d-lights71 #ahaj #aag ,c&elabrum 7#c-lights71 #ahbj #aba ,old ,pr9t ,s]5a 7aft] ,romney7 ,*amb] ,c&le/icks #abc ,table ,c&le/icks1 #agfe1 #aggj1 #agie #abg ,table ,c&le/icks1 #aghj1 #agij1 #agie #abi ,table ,c&le/icks1 #ahaj1 #ahbj1 #ahcj #abi ,,*apt] ,,iv4--,,salt ,,cell>s ,,& ,,mu/>d ,,pots ,salt ,cell>s1 f ,old ,patt]n ,book 7#ah? c5tury7 #acg ,salt ,cell>s1 f ,old ,patt]n ,book 7#ah? c5tury7 #ada ,mu/>d ,pots1 f ,old ,patt]n ,book 7#ah? c5tury7 #ade ,mu/>d ,pots1 #agge1 #aghe1 #agij #adi ,mu/>d ,pots1 f ,old ,patt]n ,book 7#ah? c5tury7 #aea ,pepp] ,ca/]s1 ,gr\p ( #aee ,mu/>d ,pots1 ,gr\p ( #aee ,,*apt] ,v4--,,cake ,,baskets1 ,,decant] ,,/&s1 ,,di% ,,r+s1 ,,ink/&s1 ,,etc4 ,cake ,baskets1 ,wire ,"w1 #ahjj1 #ahaj #afc ,decant] ,/&s 7,coa/]s71 ,gr\p (1 #aghe-agij #afg ,decant] ,/&s 7,coa/]s71 ,gr\p (1 #ahje1 #ahaj1 #ahae #afi ,decant] ,/&s 7,coa/]s71 ,gr\p (1 #ahje1 #ahbj #agc ,butt] ,di% #age ,di% or ,potato ,r+ #age ,ink/&s1 f ,old ,patt]n ,book 7#ah? c5tury7 #agi ,tap] ,hold]s1 f ,old ,patt]n ,book 7#ah? c5tury7 #ahc ,,*apt] ,,vi4--,,teapots1 ,,tea ,,kettles1 ,,c(fee ,,pots1 ,,sug> ,,bas9s ,teapot1 #agib1 f ,old ,patt]n ,book 7#ah? c5tury7 #aia ,teapot & ,tea ,caddies1 ,cake ,basket #aic ,tea & ,c(fee ,sets1 #ahaj1 #ahbj #aig ,tea & ,c(fee ,sets1 #ahbe1 #ahcj #aii ,tea ,urn1 #ahaj #bjc ,tea ,kettles & ,/&s1 #ahje1 #ahbj #bjg ,c(fee ,pot1 ,fr5*1 ,silv]-plat$2 ,sug> ,baskets1 ,pi]c$ ,"w #baa ,sug> ,baskets1 #ahbe #bac ,,*apt] ,,vii4--,,ture5s1 ,,hot ,,wat] ,,jugs1 ,,etc4 ,s\p ,ture51 #ahje #bba ,s\p ,ture5s1 #ahae1 #ahbe #bbe ,s\p ,ture51 #ahae #bbi ,hot ,wat] ,jugs 7#b7 #bbi ,entre ,di%es1 #ahae1 #ahbe #bcc ,hot ,wat] ,jug1 ,adam /yle1 #aggj #bce ,toa/$ ,*eese ,di%es1 #ahjj1 #ahaj #bci ,pipe ,light]1 #aghc #bci ,,*apt] ,,viii4--,,c5trepieces ,c5trepieces1 #agij1 #ahaj #bdg ,c5trepiece1 ) ,female ,figures #bea ,*e/nut ,di%2 ,fruit ,basket1 #ahaj #bee ,app5dix ,m>ks on ,silv] ,plate #bge1 #bgi1 #bhc ,m>ks on ,old ,%effield ,plate #bhg1 #bia ,i ,,introduction ,,imitation ,,z ,a ,,f9e ,,art ,,economic ,,sub/itution ,,european ,,imitativ5ess ,,p>allels ,,9 ,,engli% ,,craftsman%ip ,,e>ly ,,plat+ ,,silv] ,,plat]s ,,at ,,%effield ,,*apt] ,i ,,introduction ,imitation z a f9e art--,economic sub/itution--,european imitativ5ess--,p>allels 9 ,engli% craftsman%ip--,e>ly plat+--,silv] plat]s at ,%effield4 ,imitation is no new ?+ 9 art4 ,inde$ x may be advanc$ z an axiom t no art wor?y ( ! "n has ev] come into be+ )\t inh]it+ ! traditions & te*nique ( "s prec$+ motifs4 ,biz>re movem5ts h at "o "t & ano!r seiz$ arti/s & craftsm51 !y h become an>*i/ 9 reg>d to all previ\s art po/ulates1 & produc$ some:at *aotic & =mless results4 ,! fanta/ic jazz 9 art circles kn[n z ,l',art ,n\veau "s ye>s ago1 tempor>ily upset ! balance ( ! y\ng] g5]ation ( design]s1 sp5t its =ce 9 un*eck$ lic5ce1 & end$ s ignom9i\sly t x is n[ entirely =gott51 nor has x left any p]man5t impression ^u succe$+ s*ools4 ,n[ & aga9 imitation has be5 resort$ to by well-kn[n ma/]s to flagellate ! ta/e ( _! own day4 ,embitt]$ by con/ant praise ( old works !y h made imitations ( old ma/]s' /yles & foi/$ !m on _! critics until at su* mom5t !y divulg$ _! au?or%ip & prick$ ! bubble ( ! undue adoration ( ! anci5ts4 ,pi]re ,mign>d fabricat$ a ,magdal5 & ?r\gh ! complicity ( a deal] x 0 sold z a newly discov]$ ,guido to ! ,*evali] de ,clairville4 ,pres5tly x 0 nois$ ab\t t ! pa9t+ 0 by ,mign>d4 ,le ,brun1 ! great pa9t]1 pron\nc$ x to be a ,guido & 9 8 be/ mann]4 ,! je/ _h gone f> en\gh1 ! own]1 ,mign>d1 ,le ,brun1 & ! critics met to settle ! affair4 ,le ,brun & ! critics adh]$ to _! belief 9 its au!nticity4 ,mign>d prote/$ o!rwise1 & said he _h pa9t$ ! "w ov] ! portrait ( a c>d9al1 & z pro( dipp$ a bru% 9 oil & disclos$ ! c>d9al's hat4 ,le ,brun1 bur/+ ) ang]1 satirically exclaim$1 ,always pa9t ,guido b nev] ,mign>d4 ,b ! canvases ( ,mign>d & ,le ,brun bo? hang toge!r 9 ! lead+ gall]ies ( ,europe4 ,nor is ?is a solit>y in/ance ( ! pique ( arti/s = lack ( disc]nm5t 9 contempor>y criticism4 ,goltzius1 t ma/]ly expon5t ( /rongly grav$ l9es on ! copp]1 produc$ & publi%$ six pr9ts 9 ! /yle ( ,alb]t ,dr]1 ,lucas van ,leyd5 & o!rs1 & "o1 ! ,circumcision1 0 sold z "o ( ,dr]'s f9e/ a*ievem5ts4 ,^! six engrav+s ( ,goltzius are kn[n among 8 "w z ! ma/]pieces4 ,!y are c]ta9ly ma/]ly imitations1 & he execut$ !m to %[ 8 critics t ?\gh 8 0 a new /yle1 yet he c\ld if he *ose slavi%ly foll[ ! mann] ( ! old ma/]s4 ,^! are in/ances ( imitation us$ ironically z a weapon to p\r scorn on ! m$iocrity & want ( k ( critics4 ,9 pictures !re h be5 :ole g5]ations ( imitators & copyi/s4 ,! cont95t 9 ! eighte5? c5tury 0 flood$ ) %am ,correggios1 ,claudes1 ,p\ss9s1 & ,cuyps1 & _m ,engli% pa9t]s1 aft]w>ds well kn[n1 did n disda9 to make copies = ! deal]s ( old ma/]s' pictures4 ,david ,allan1 call$ ! ,scotti% ,hog>?1 0 an adept 9 copy+ *alk draw+s f ! old ma/]s2 & _m arti/s ek$ out a pitiable exi/5ce z copyi/s :ile wait+ = ! public to acclaim _! orig9al "w4 ,john ,jackson copi$ ! head ( ,reynolds = ,*antrey :i* c\ld h pass$ = ! orig9al by ,sir ,jo%ua4 ,a ,rub5s he pa9t$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ! /ud5ts ( ! ,royal ,academy 0 acclaim$ z fai?ful to ! orig9al4 ,he 0 unequall$ 9 su* facsimile imitations4 ,h5ry ,liv]seege1 9 ! e>ly days ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 copi$ ,v&yck1 ,rub5s1 & ,t5i]s ) su* skill t few c\ld say :i* 0 ! orig9al & :i* ! copy4 ,two pictures1 "o by ,sir ,edw9 ,l&se]1 & ! o!r a copy1 7 to be sold on successive days at auction4 ,! pa9t]1 /roll+ 9 to ! auction room on ! day be=e ! copy 0 sold1 mi/ook x = 8 own "w4 ,at ! gall]ies ( ! ,f9e ,art ,society1 9 ,bond ,/reet 9 #ahge1 an exhibition 0 held ( a s]ies ( facsimiles ( ,turn] draw+s 9 ! ,national ,gall]y l5t by ,rusk9 & execut$ = him by ,mr4 ,w>d4 ,( ^! replicas1 ,rusk9 said 9 a note3 ,i h giv5 my be/ att5tion dur+ upw>ds ( t5 ye>s to tra9 a copyi/ to p]fect fidelity 9 r5d]+ ! works ( ,turn]1 & h n[ succe$$ 9 enabl+ him to produce facsimiles s close z to look l replicas--facsimiles :i* ,i mu/ sign ) my own "n to prev5t _! be+ sold = real ,turn] vignettes4 ,economic ,sub/itution4--,b imitation has _m phases4 ,mod]n photography 9 copy+ ! great works ( old ma/]s has made x possible to /udy _! works ) exactitude 9 ! dim5sions ( black & :ite1 & if ! "w is an et*+ or an engrav+ ! reproduction claims a clos] relation%ip ) ! orig9al4 ,! art ( engrav+ f pa9t]s' "w is imitative to ! ext5t t x depicts ! same subject & takes its initial inspiration f ! pa9t$ canvas4 ,b x claims a mu* high] reg>d--! great s*ool ( int]pretative engrav]s translat$ pa9t+ into t]ms ( black & :ite4 ,economically1 !re=e1 x w be se5 t !re is a real reason :y imitative art1 on :atev] plane x f9ds itself1 %\ld hold its place4 ,9 a broad s5se x has _h a mission4 ,x is true1 z ,goe! said1 t ,!re are _m e*oes b few voices2 b ! e*oes h _! value too until !y rev]b]ate into no?+ness & new voices arise4 ,z a sub/itute1 !re=e1 = unatta9able works ( art any m$ium t w s successfully simulate ! orig9al z to convey ! l9es & ! grace1 ! col\r & ! h>mony1 ?\gh 9 a less] degree ?an ! orig9al1 is to be welcom$ = its own sake4 ,!re are _m occasions :5 sacrifices h _h to be made & :5 prototypes h be5 de/roy$ & sub/itutes h aris5 :i* h arti/ically fill$ ! hiatus1 if only = ! "t be+4 ,= in/ance1 ! extravagance ( ,l\is ,,xiv 9 reg>d to sumptu\s silv] pass$ all b\nds4 ,at a fte at ,v]sailles 9 #affh on ea* side ( ! royal buffet 0 elevat$ on a portico t5 feet high a gr& silv] guridon be>+ a massive silv] gir&ole :i* light$ ! buffet1 accompani$ by num]\s l>ge silv] vases4 ,on ! table & /eps ( ! buffet1 :i* rea*$ ! height ( tw5ty-five feet1 7 arrang$ tw5ty-f\r massive b[ls ( f9e workman%ip--^! 7 sep>at$ by z _m l>ge vases1 cassolettes & gir&oles ( great beauty4 ,!re 7 on ! table tw5ty-f\r l>ge silv] j>d9ires full ( fl[]s1 9 front 0 a great silv] ci/]n %ap$ l a %ell1 at ! two extremities 7 f\r guridons1 six feet high1 surm\nt$ by silv] gir&oles4 ,two o!r tables = ! ladies 7 simil>ly equipp$ ) ma/]pieces ( ! silv]smi?s' art4 ,9 #afhh ! ,gr&e ,mon>que ne$$ money to c>ry on 8 w>s1 & he issu$ an edict =bidd+ ! manufacture ( su* massive silv]1 & s5t all 8 plate to ! ,m9t4 ,s all ?is f9e "w1 design$1 made by ,claude ,ball91 ,pi]re ,g]ma91 ,mont>s & o!r celebrat$ craftsm5 aft] designs by ,le ,brun1 0 melt$ d[n2 happily ! pieces 7 fir/ drawn by ! arti/ goldsmi? ,delaunay & _! =ms are pres]v$4 ,! k+ made x compulsory t ! f9e plate ( ! nobility %\ld be sacrific$ too1 & 9 consequ5ce mo/ ( ! f9e old silv] 0 melt$ d[n4 ,b "h comes ! imitative note4 ,! age ( sumptu\s silv]smi?s' "w 0 foll[$ by an age ( f9e pott]y4 ,beautifully decorat$ e>!nw>e & porcela9 became fa%ionable4 ,r\5 made a special s]vice = ,l\is ,,xiv1 & a great impetus 0 giv5 to ! art ( ! factories ( ,m\/i]s1 ,m>seilles & ,nev]s1 & ?us ! nobles ( ,france _h _! banquets f ! clay ( ! pott] in/ead ( f ! vessels ( ! silv]smi?4 ,z w be %[n lat] ! relation%ip betwe5 ! art ( ! pott] & t ( ! silv]smi? has always be5 some:at closely alli$4 ,! designs ( ! "o h1 al?\gh n necess>ily adapt$ to a diff]+ te*nique1 be5 boldly tak5 & assimilat$ 9 results t leave _! note ( incongruity to be criticiz$ by collectors & connoisseurs to-day4 ,european ,imitativ5ess4--,9 ord] to arrive at a clos] appreciation ( ! niceties ( imitation1 p]haps x w\ld be bett] to comm5ce by attempt+ to und]/& :at is orig9ality & :]e x c be f\nd4 ,b t w\ld entail a great am\nt ( /udy4 ,9 porcela9 "o w\ld h to foll[ ! attempts ( ! ,dut* s*ool ( pott]s & b[ d[n 9 admiration to ,meiss51 :]e ! fir/ true porcela9 0 made 9 ,europe4 ,all else is imitative1 includ+ ,svres & ,w$gwood & ,worce/]4 ,nor does imitation /& arre/$ at te*nique1 x foll[s slavi%ly ! ori5tal prototype 9 design4 ,we f9d pagodas & ,*9ese l&scapes1 & little figures :i* meant s mu* 9 a language ( symbolism1 scatt]$ promiscu\sly on ,delft beak]s & on ,b[ cups4 ,w$gwood1 9 8 ,portl& ,vase1 copi$ a prototype ( blue glass4 ,9 8 classic subjects 9 relief on 8 vases & 8 cameos he build$ on ! reputation ( ,greek & ,roman types translat$ ?r\gh ! bra9 ( ,john ,flaxman1 & !re 0 a s*ool ( pott]s :o came second-h& aft] ,w$gwood & imitatively c>ri$ on 8 classic /yle4 ,! :ole ( ! s*ool ( decorat+ furniture 9 lac is imitat$ f ! ,ea/1 & a poor imitation at be/4 ,:at ! glass-work] did at ,v5ice 0 copi$ ov] ! ,alps 9 ,g]many4 ,x suff]$ 9 translation & f9ally became some?+ new4 ,! bulb\s app5dages to ,g]man glass 7 ! cresc5do note ( ! ,italian m retic5t ornam5t4 ,:5 ! ,murano glass-work] add$ ! t9y griff9-l symboliz$ v]sion ( ! small sea-horse f\nd 9 ! ,adriatic to ! h&les ( 8 tazzas1 he add$ a t\* ( grace & beauty4 ,b ! ,g]man develop$ ^! into *im]ical bea/s4 ,9 an exam9ation ( ,european art "o wond]s :]e imitation ends & :]e orig9ality beg9s4 ,orig9ality un=tunately (t5 beg9s j at t po9t :5 ! orig9al t\* ( g5ius is lo/ sight ( & :5 banal excresc5ces are add$1 mean+less & (f5sive4 ,b orig9ality & f]tility ( design (t5 beg9 :5 exp]im5tali/s set out to produce "o ?+ & realiz$ ano!r1 & comm5c$ a new te*nique & became orig9al 9 s do+4 ,! se>* = ! philosoph]'s /one 0 futile1 ! old al*ymi/s 9 _! laboratories1 ?\gh !y nev] f\nd ! means ( transmut+ bas] metals into gold1 made exp]im5ts :i* begat ! results ( mod]n sci5ce4 ,impulses are c>ri$ out 9 v>i\s c\ntries 9 accordance ) national limitations4 ,! ,ea/ ,african negro :o pati5tly cov]s a g9 bottle ) bead-"w1 pr\dly display$ z native art by a mission>y society 9 ,london1 is obey+ ! in/9ct to embelli% & add 8 own g5ius to t ( ! ali54 ,he kn[s ! value ! :ite man puts on ! _s bottle1 & he wor%ips af> (f at ! same %r9e4 ,p>allels 9 ,engli% ,craftsman%ip4--,9 reg>d to ,%effield plat$ w>e1 if x be advanc$ t x 0 imitative ( old silv] & !re=e negligible1 we mu/ claim z a p>allel old ,engli% e>!nw>e1 :]e1 al?\gh ! te*nique diff]$ f t ( ! pott+ ( porcela91 x did simulate porcela91 & examples ( ! "o are f\nd 9 replica ( ! o!r4 ,z to production ! reason = imitativ5ess is (t5 to effect economy4 ,nor %\ld ?is be ana!ma 9 art4 ,und\bt$ly ,/af=d%ire & all its products /ruck h>d at ! ,engli% porcela9 factories4 ,b1 9 spite ( its initial imitativ5ess & its w>y reg>d = competitive l9es1 x did w9 a pa? ( its own4 ,!re ! p>allel ceases because e>!nw>e 0 made 9 ,engl& prior to porcela94 ,imitativ5ess 9 v>i\s arts is common en\gh4 ,! glass-work] & ! pott] copi$ ! silv]smi?4 ,! cab9et-mak] 0 indebt$ to bo? & vice v]sa4 ,we f9d acan?us ornam5t 9 wood & 9 metal1 ! /rapwork ( ! ,tudor c>v] on wood & on silv]4 ,! cupid 9 metal on ! ,/u>t clock case is duplicat$ 9 ! /ret*] ( ! *air c>v$ 9 walnut1 & is f\nd 9 /one at ,hampton ,c\rt & ,/4 ,paul's 9 simil> ornam5t4 ,w$gwood snat*$ ! topographical designs f copp]-plate engrav+s to decorate 8 s]vice = ,ca!r9e ,,ii ( ,russia1 depict+ ,engli% c\ntry seats & views4 ,*ipp5dale borr[$ f ! ,*9ese1 & e*o$ ,m>ot1 ! ,fr5* design]1 9 8 orig9al designs :i* bur/ ^u ! t[n 9 8 ,director4 ,nor does x seem to tr\ble ! collector ( *9a ov]mu* t ,worce/] copi$ ori5tal models & ev5 us$ a spuri\s ,*9ese m>k1 t ,b[ boldly proclaim$ itself z ,new ,canton1 & copi$ ,worce/]1 & t ,l[e/(t copi$ bo?4 ,! inv5tion ( transf] pr9t+ ^u *9a is claim$ by ,worce/]1 by ,liv]pool & by ,batt]sea1 & all ?ree employ$ designs :i* 7 n orig9al4 ,! :ole s*ool ( designs transf]-pr9t$ ^u *9a is imitative1 _m ( !m _h already appe>$ z illu/rations to books4 ,take ano!r art1 t ( /ipple engrav+ pr9t$ 9 col\rs4 ,"h inde$ is an imitative art4 ,an engrav+ 9 black & :ite is a translation ( a subject 9 col\rs4 ,:5 pr9t$ 9 col\rs x sets out to be imitative ( ano!r art4 ,b collectors h n be5 %y to give z mu* z f\r figures = "s ( ^! eighte5? c5tury col\r pr9ts1 great] prices ev5 ?an ! orig9al pa9t+s w\ld br+ "u ! hamm]4 ,! subject is illimitable & provocative ( mu* argum5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,s\p ,,ture5 ,,& ,,ladle ,,c>v$ ,,9 ,,pe>-,,wood4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fruit ,,di% ,,& ,,/& ,,c>v$ ,,9 ,,pe>-,,wood4 7,at ! ,w$gwood ,museum at ,etruria47 ,z int]e/+ examples %[+ ! v]satility ( design]s1 & t pott]s & silv]smi?s & woodwork]s n only t\*$ at _m po9ts b actually assimilat$ designs m prop] to ano!r te*nique 9 :i* !y 7 work+4 ,! te*nique ( ! metal work]s %\ld h little to recomm5d its adoption by ! cab9et-mak]1 yet we f9d tea caddies 9 ,*ipp5dale's ,director :i* h details c]ta9ly m fit to be execut$ z m\nts by ! ,fr5* ormulu work]s ?an by ! ,engli% wood-c>v]s1 ev5 ?\gh 9 s(t mahogany4 ,josiah ,w$gwood avail$ himself ( _m sugge/ions f o!r fields ?an t ( pott]y4 ,a ,s\p ,ture5 & ,ladle c>v$ 9 pe>-wood is at ! ,museum at ,etruria to prove ?is excursion ( 8 = models4 ,?is illu/ration 7p4 #bi7 cle>ly %[s a design1 al?\gh execut$ 9 wood1 hav+ c]ta9 ornam5ts :i* m prop]ly belong to ! te*nique ( ! silv]smi?4 ,ano!r c>v$ pe>-wood model is t ( a ,fruit ,di% & ,/&4 ,"h aga9 !re peeps =? n s mu* ! te*nique ( ! wood-c>v] z ! peculi> & m easily obta9able ornam5t ( ! metal work]4 ,x might be a ,%effield plat$ ,decant] ,/& or ,coa/]4 ,josiah ,w$gwood's collection ( %ells provid$ him ) _m a model = 8 cream w>e di%es4 ,he has us$ ! small flatti% escallop l %ells--,pholus /atus1 ,pectem ,japonicum1 ,area ,antiquat & o!rs1 ) great effect & crudely sugge/$ ! natural col\rs4 ,9 ^! ! silv]smi?s help$ !mselves lib]ally to ,w$gwood's models & we f9d innum]able s+le %ell designs preval5t s9ce _! adoption 9 pott]y by ,w$gwood4 ,x w\ld simil>ly appe> t !y 7 equally indebt$ to him = ano!r ( 8 bold replicas ( nature 9 ! f9e ,dess]t ,c5trepiece 7illu/rat$1 p4 #cc74 ,z spoon-w>m]s & = o!r purposes ! silv]smi? f\nd ?is model f old ,josiah's con*ological collection rem>kably practical & accord+ly lo/ no "t 9 imitat+ x4 ,ano!r ,w$gwood piece1 a ,dess]t ,basket 7illu/rat$1 p4 #cc7 proves t ,josiah _h 8 own back1 = ! pi]c$ ornam5t is di/9ctly tak5 f ! silv]smi? & is m prop] to 8 art ?an to t ( ! work] 9 clay4#a ,"o c trace ! motives ( mu* ( 8 "w1 bo? z to =m & decoration1 9 ! collections ( v>i\s k9ds :i* he 0 amass+1 & 9 8 con/ant int]c\rse ) ! metal-work]s ( ,%effield & ,birm+ham4 ,to ! =m] s\rce he 0 indebt$ = ! designs d]iv$ f objects ( natural hi/ory1 p>ticul>ly %ells & plants2 to ! latt] s\rce he ow$ _m %apes & me?ods ( decorative treatm5t :i* 7 us$ = silv] plat$ w>e4 ,8 introduction ( diap]s & o!r conv5tional designs 9 pi]c$ & p]=at$ "w come /raight f ! ,%effield silv] plat]s1 & ?is /yle ( ornam5tation done 9 ! same c\nty z ,%effield1 at ! ,le$s pott]y1 0 c>ri$ to its extreme limit by ,messrs4 ,h>tley ,gre5 ,co41 :o became ! mo/ successful imitators ( ,w$gwood's cream w>e1 ab\t ! ye> #aghc4 ,footnote #a3 ,josiah ,w$gwood1 by ,pr(essor ,*ur*1 #aijc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,w$gwood ,,cream ,,w>e ,,dess]t ,,basket4 ,%[+ f9e pi]c$ "w4 7,reproduc$ by ! c\rtesy ( ,messrs4 ,josiah ,w$gwood ,sons47 ,illu/ration3 ,,w$gwood ,,cream ,,w>e ,,dess]t ,,c5trepiece4 ,design$ f ,josiah ,w$gwood's collection ( %ells4 7,9 ! ,museum at ,etruria47 7,reproduc$ by ! c\rtesy ( ,messrs4 ,josiah ,w$gwood ,sons47 ,! illu/ration 7p4 #cg7 %[s ! competitive repetition ( design contempor>y ) ,%effield plate4 ,! pott] f\nd e>!nw>e1 cov]$ ) a f9e plat9um glaze1 0 a col\rable imitation ( silv] plate4 ,if ! squire _h 8 plate & p]sons ( less] degree m economically incl9$ _h _! ,%effield plate1 ! cottag] c\ld h a f9e1 glitt]+ array ( silv] lu/re vessels4 ,nor 0 ! glass-work] beh9dh& 9 com+ into ! field1 z ! illu/ration %[s4 ,e>ly ,plat+4--,9 e>ly days silv] 0 us$ sp>+ly be=e ! ,spani% fleets f ,s\? ,am]ica _h p\r$ silv] into ,europe4 ,anci5t dr9k+ vessels ( wood su* z ! maz]1 a dr9k+ b[l mu* l a pun* b[l1 7 decorat$ ) silv] b&s4 ,cocoa-nut cups 7 simil>ly decorat$4 ,by ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 solid silv] _h replac$ mo/ ( ^! =ms = use 9 ! spaci\s days ( ,elizabe?4 ,! e>ly records %[ t c]ta9 goldsmi?s 7 guilty ( mals outrages4 ,9 ! f\rte5? c5tury gold 0 debas$ by mix+ x ) glass1 silv] by add+ lead or f9e s&4 ,latt5 & brass vessels 7 silv]$ & pass$ (f z be+ ( solid silv]4 ,"o ,edw>d ,bor 9 #acgf 0 summon$ be=e ! mayor & ald]m5 ( ,london to make answ] t he _h silv]$ #bdj buttons ( latone & #cd circlets ( latone = purses call$ gibes]s 7gipcires7 & _h malici\sly purpos$ & imag9$ to sell ! same = pure silv] 9 deceit ( ! p2 bo? he & a conf$]ate "o ,mi*ael ,hak5eye 7 s5t to ,newgate prison4 ,ano!r case ( ,john ( ,ro*e/] 9 #adad is record$ :]e he c\nt]feit$ maz] b&s 9 copp] & brass1 plat$ ov] ) silv]4 ,x is int]e/+ to read t no artific] nor ano!r o!r man %all gild nor silv] any su* locks1 r+s1 beads1 c&le/icks1 h>ness = girdles1 *alices1 hilts nor pommels ( swords1 p[d] boxes1 nor cov]s = cups made ( copp] or latt51 ^u pa9 to =feit to ! ,k+ "o hundr$ %ill+s e "t1 & to make satisfaction to ! p>ty griev$ = 8 damages4 ,b t 7*alices always except$7 ! said artific]s may "w ornam5ts = ! ,*ur* ( copp] & latt51 & ! same gild or silv]1 s t always 9 ! foot or "s o!r "p ( su* ornam5t ! copp] & latt5 %all be pla91 t a man may see :]e( ! ?+ is made = to es*ew ! deceit a=esaid4 ,z to ! hall m>ks on silv]#b ! s]ies ( ,acts ( ,p>liam5t relat+ to ! assay+1 m>k+ & regulat+ wr\ght plate & asc]ta9+ ! /&>d = ! good & safety ( ! public1 cov]s a long p]iod4 ,briti% hall m>ks possess a reputation ext5d+ ov] ?ree hundr$ ye>s4 ,heavy p5alties 7 exact$ = fabrication ( m>ks4 ,9 ,france 9 #agbd an edict 0 pass$ decl>+ s5t5ce ( dea? aga9/ ^? :o c\nt]feit$ /amps or ins]t or sold] /amps on o!r plate4 ,footnote #b3 ,see ,*ats on ,old ,silv]1 by ,ar?ur ,hayd51 pp4 #be-fc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,( ,,silv] ,,lu/re ,,w>e4 ,c(fee ,pot4 ,bas94 ,teapot4 ,! ,/af=d%ire pott]'s imitation ( silv]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,glass ,,c&le/icks4 ,late eighte5? c5tury4 ,x is ?us evid5t t bas] metals _h f "t immemorial be5 plat$ ) silv]1 &1 giv5 an unprotect$ public1 _m su* frauds c\ld be p]petrat$ by skilful & unscrupul\s craftsm54 ,9 fact !y 7 p]petrat$4 ,9 #agfg a work+ silv]smi? 0 prosecut$ by indictm5t ^u ,/at4 ,,xxviii ,edw>d ,i & ,/at4 ,,vi ,george ,i1 cap4 #aa = sold]+ bits ( /&>d silv] to tea-tongs & %oe-buckles :i* 7 worse ?an /&>d & s5d+ ! same to ! ,goldsmi?s' ,company ,assay ,(fice at ,london 9 ord] fraudul5tly to obta9 _! m>ks to ! same4 ,9 ,france f #agec to #agei a set ( regulations to be obs]v$ by silv]smi?s 9 ! pr(ession ( _! art enacts t ,!y %all n make ! rims turn$ ov] full ( sold]1 9 =m ( hamm]$ edges to bas9s1 di%es & plates2 nor %all !y "u pretext ( jo9+1 sold] on to !m o!r bottoms4 ,! me?ods employ$ prior to ! inv5tion ( ! plat+ by fusion & roll+ 9 %eets at ,%effield 0 kn[n z ,fr5* plat+4 ,?r\gh\t ! eighte5? c5tury clock cases 7 silv]$ by ?is me?od1 & successive lay]s ( silv] c\ld be appli$ to any ?ickness requir$4 ,silv] ,plat]s at ,%effield4--,! plat]s set out frankly z a s*ool ( copyi/s to imitate silv] plate4 ,!y laid a ?9 imposition ( silv] on copp] & roll$ x & dealt ) ! %eets z if !y 7 solid silv]4 ,!y suff]$ f _m disadvantages :i* !y ev5tually ov]came2 !y compet$ directly1 & m directly1 ?an did ! ,/af=d%ire pott]s ) ! silv]smi?s4 ,! pott] snat*$ ! silv] models & s did !y4 ,b he _h less reason ?an !y because he left 8 prop] te*nique z a work] 9 clay 9 s do+4 ,x 0 no new ?+ to plate bas] metals ) silv] or ) gold4 ,b ! me?od by :i* x 0 accompli%$ & ! roll$-out %eets 7 new4 ,to ru% into a g5]al indu/ry to exp5d great capital on x1 to laun* x on ! m>ket1 to compete ) ! ri*e/ & close/ corporation ( goldsmi?s 9 ! _w1 0 a new & audaci\s v5ture1 & ?is ,%effield did1 & ! designs p>took ( ! "* ( ! f9e/ produc$ by ! exp]i5c$ work]s 9 silv] plate4 ,x is an incongru\s situation :]e9 ?is s*ool ( imitators1 :o set out diffid5tly to simulate silv] & 7 pres5tly met by sev]e /atutes ( ! realm & ) sev]e p5alties = produc+ m>ks simulat+ ^? ( ! assay (fices1 ov]rode ! tide t set aga9/ !m & 7 f9ally ackn[l$g$ by /atute z g5u9e craftsm5 to be protect$ 9 a great indu/ry1 & ,%effield obta9$ an assay (fice ( h] own1 ) ov]lord%ip ov] h] plat]s4 ,9 comp>ison ) ! o!r assay (fices bo? ,%effield & ,birm+ham own titles :i* seem to convey t ! assay (fices came into be+ z a protective measure2 !y 7 to be wat*-dogs ov] ! silv] plat]s 9 _! di/rict4 ,9 #aggc !re 71 among o!rs1 ! ,w>d5s & ,commonalty ( ! ,my/]y ( ,goldsmi?s ( ! ,city ( ,london1 ! ,incorporation ( ,goldsmi?s ( ,ed9burgh1 & ! ,frat]nity or ,company ( ,goldsmi?s ( ,dubl94 ,b ! assay (fices e/abli%$ at ,%effield & ,birm+ham 7 to be ,! ,gu>dians ( ! ,/&>d ( ,wr\ght ,plate1 :i* is sugge/ive 9 ! circum/ances4 ,competitive rivalry 9 art has (t5 end$ 9 ! undo+ ( a p>ticul> s*ool :]e imitation 0 pu%$ to fulsome l5g?s4 ,:5 ! wood engrav] simulat$ ! actual cracks 9 ! canvases ( ! subjects he 0 copy+ on 8 block he %[$ a decad5ce :i* %ortly l$ to 8 ext9ction4 ,b ! ,%effield plat]s nev] add$ blemi%es ( _! own to ! silv] !y copi$4 ,!y produc$ fai?ful copies4 ,!y select$ f9e examples & !y /ood supreme 9 :at !y set out to d1 until1 by a lat] process1 !y 7 sup]s$$4 ,,ii ,,e>ly ,,days ,,! ,,inv5tion ,,( ,,silv] ,,plat+ ,,by ,,fusion ,,?omas ,,b\lsov] ,,( ,,%effield 7#agjd-aghh7 ,a ,,_w ,,( ,,knick-,,knacks ,,! ,,%effield ,,silv]-,,plat+ ,,process ,,e>ly ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,productions ,,joseph ,,hancock ,,! ,,rise ,,( ,,! ,,birm+ham ,,& ,,o!r ,,silv] ,,plat]s ,,! ,,comm5cem5t ,,( ,,! ,,great ,,p]iod ,,( ,,%effield ,,plat+ ,,contempor>y ,,silv]smi?s ,,& ,,_! ,,art ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,e>ly ,,days ,! inv5tion ( silv] plat+ by fusion--,?omas ,b\lsov] ( ,%effield 7#agjd-aghh7--;,a _w ( knick-knacks--,! ,%effield silv]-plat+ process--,e>ly ,%effield plat$ productions--,joseph ,hancock--,! rise ( ! ,birm+ham & o!r silv] plat]s--,! comm5cem5t ( ! great p]iod ( ,%effield plat+--,contempor>y silv]smi?s & _! art4 ,x 0 9 ! ye> #agdc t a =tunate accid5t l$ to ! discov]y t copp] & silv] c\ld be fus$ toge!r1 & happily ! value ( ! mom5t>y happ5+ l$ to ! fur!r developm5t ( ! process & ! f9al p]fect$ inv5tion ( plat+ silv] on copp] :i* laid ! f\ndation ( a great & fl\ri%+ art indu/ry :i* br\ght weal? & r5[n to ,%effield & ext5d$ to o!r c5tres4 ,! old me?od ( plat+ cont9u$ ) v>i\s improvem5ts = a hundr$ ye>s until sup]s$$4 ,dur+ ! ye>s #agej to #agij "s ( ! be/ examples 7 issu$ & a /ream ( f9e "w duplicat+ ! silv] plate ( ! p]iod1 & n exclud+ examples simulat+ e>li] ,que5 ,anne /yles1 0 p\r$ out4 ,its excell5ce ( craftsman%ip & its *eapness n only won ! approval ( ! ,engli% public b attract$ ! att5tion ( ,cont95tal buy]s1 & contempor>y ) ! catalogues ( ,joseph ,w$gwood issu$ 9 ,fr5* & o!r languages we f9d t ! ,%effield & ,birm+ham silv] plat]s simil>ly issu$ illu/rat$ catalogues ) designs %[+ :at !y 7 produc+4 ,?omas ,b\lsov] ( ,%effield 7#agjd-aghh74--;,accord+ to "s acc\nts ,?omas ,b\lsov] 0 a button mak]1 a spur mak] or a cutl]1 probably he 0 all ?ree1 & employ$ 9 ! mak+ ( ^! & o!r metal articles !n manufactur$ at ,%effield4 ,he is spok5 ( z an +5i\s me*anic4 ,he 0 probably a practical workman :o _h a small %op :]e articles 7 br\ght = repair4 ,x 0 9 connection ) ! repair ( a knife h&le :i* 0 p>tly copp] & p>tly silv] t ow+ to an accid5t 9 ! sold]+ ! copp] & ! silv] fus$ toge!r4 ,al?\gh to 8 cr$it he imm$iately realiz$ ! possibilities ( 8 discov]y1 he 0 possibly too poor a man to d m ?an c>ry out fur!r exp]im5ts 9 a small way & make buttons & snuff boxes & m9or articles by 8 process4 ,8 "n is sometimes spelt z ,bolsov]1 b x w\ld appe> t 9 ! records at ,%effield he regi/]$ "u ! "n ( ,?omas ,b\lsov] & ,co41 :i* is possibly m correct2 al?\gh 9 days :5 du*esses spell$ _! title z dut*ess matt]s ( a lett] or two 7 n consid]$ v important ev5 9 names4 ,! foll[+ extract f ! ,d]by ,m]cury1 ,septemb] #ag1 #aghh1 is an int]e/+ obitu>y notice ( ,b\lsov]3 ,on ,?ursday se'night di$ at ,:itely ,wood1 ne> ,%effield1 ,mr4 ,?omas ,bolsov] ag$ eighty-f\r4 ,?is ,g5tleman 0 ! fir/ ,inv5tor ( ,plat$ ,metal3 :i* l _m o!r curi\s ,arts 0 discov]$ by ,accid5t4 ,ab\t ! ye> #agej 7at :i* ,"t he kept a ,cutl]'s ,%op at ,%effield71 ,mr4 ,bolsov] 0 employ$ to repair a ,knife ,haft :i* 0 compos$ ( ,silv] & ,copp]2 & hav+ effect$ ! ,job1 ! cem5t+ ( ! two ,metals imm$iately /ruck him ) ! practicability ( manufactur+ ,plat$ ,articles1 & he pres5tly comm5c$ a ,manufacture ( plat$ ,snuff ,boxes & ,buttons4 ,consequ5tly f ,mr4 ,bolsov]'s accid5tal ,acquirem5t1 ! b5eficial & ext5sive ,trade ( plat$ goods _h its orig94 ,he has be5 ju/ly e/eem$ "o ( ! mo/ +5i\s ,me*anics t ,%effield c boa/4 ,! "n ,bolsov]1 says ! writ] 9 ! ,d]by ,m]cury1 sugge/s a ,d]by%ire orig94 ,!re is little d\bt t among ! e>lie/ articles to :i* ,b\lsov] turn$ 8 att5tion 7 buttons4 ,silv] 0 9 ! "t ( ,b\lsov] be+ sold at approximately six %ill+s p] oz41 &1 9 view ( ! co/ ( solid silv] articles1 ! inv5tion ( a pres5table process t w\ld less5 ! co/ came at an opportune mom5t4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$1 too1 t !re 0 a duty ( sixp5ce p] ounce ^u silv]4 ,9 #aghd !re 0 an additional duty ( sixp5ce impos$4 ,9 #ahjd ! duty 0 increas$ to "o %ill+ & sixp5ce p] ounce1 & x is int]e/+ to note t 9 #ahae by #ee ,george ,,iii1 cap4 #ahe ! c\nt]feit+ ( ! ,k+'s head duty m>k 0 made a felony puni%able by dea?4 ,nor did ! inv5tion1 al?\gh com+ at a ripe mom5t :5 economies 7 desirable1 seem likely to receive f9ancial support2 = ! e/abli%m5t ( an indu/ry on a great basis1 = ! v same motives :i* necessitat$ economy1 prev5t$ capital f be+ emb>k$ on :at might h be5 a haz>d\s ent]prise4 ,at t "t ! c\ntry 0 9 a di/urb$ condition4 ,9 #agdb ,walpole's adm9i/ration came to an end4 ,8 fall 0 occasion$ by 8 =eign policy1 :i* 0 bas$ on fri5d%ip ) ,france4 ,he 0 succe$$ by ,c>t]et4 ,8 ,drunk5 ,adm9i/ration1 z x 0 t]m$1 0 n likely to in/il confid5ce 9 ! c\ntry4 ,he c>$ solely = =eign politics4 ,:at is x to me1 he said1 :o is judge1 or :o is bi%op4 ,x is my bus9ess to make k+s & emp]ors & to ma9ta9 ! balance ( ,europe4 ,9 #agdd ,france decl>$ w> aga9/ ,engl&1 & prep>ations = w> 7 made 9 ,am]ica & ,india4 ,9 #agde ,pr9ce ,*>les ,edw>d ,/u>t1 ! ,"y ,pret5d]1 l&$ 9 ,scotl&1 0 giv5 a public banquet by ! ladies ( ,ed9burgh1 defeat$ ,sir ,john ,cope at ,pre/onpans1 & m>*$ across ! bord] & ?r\gh ,engl& z f> z ,d]by4 ,8 troops mu/ h pass$ ?r\gh ,%effield1 & ) civil w> 9 ! he>t ( ! c\ntry1 & at 8 ?re%old1 ,b\lsov] no d\bt quietly pursu$ 8 vocation & add$ to 8 exp]im5ts4 ,he made snuff boxes & buttons1 & pat* boxes1 & possibly buckles1 & wait$ = a bett] day4 ,x is int]e/+ to notice ! inauguration ( our two great *9a factories ab\t ?is date4 ,d]by 0 n likely to comm5ce a new indu/ry ) ! ,pret5d] rattl+ 8 sabre 9 ! city 9 #agde4 ,b we f9d ,worce/] comm5c+ op]ations 9 #agea1 foll[$ by ,d]by 9 #agef4 ,!re is /at$ to h be5 a political significance 9 ! adv5t ( ! =m]4 ,x appe>s t 9 ! ca!dral city 9 spite ( its loyalty to ! reign+ h\se !re 0 a gr[+ ,jacobite influ5ce4 ,x 0 ?\ght t ! e/abli%m5t ( a factory w\ld enable ! ,:igs to w9 ! election conte/s :i* _h gone to ! ,jacobite p>ty4 ,b we d n rememb] to h he>d any su* association ) ,%effield 9 reg>d to ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,%effield plat+ indu/ry4 ,x seems to h be5 purely a trade v5ture & support$ by local influ5ce & capital4 ,x is n g5]ally kn[n t = a long p]iod ,%effield has made use ( ,sw$i% iron = ! manufacture ( ! be/ /eel4 ,nor is x public prop]ty t ,made 9 ,%effield frequ5tly meant t razors1 knives1 surgical in/rum5ts1 scissors1 etc41 7 made at ,sol+5 9 ,g]many1 & s5t z blanks to be f9i%$ 9 ,%effield4 ,! ,ma/] ,cutl]s ( ,%effield _c h be5 aw>e ( ^! happ5+s4 ,we speak ( pre-w> days :5 we h se5 at ,sol+5 mu* t %\ld %ame ,%effield4 ,9 ! e>ly knife h&les illu/rat$ 7p4 #ea7 ! %eet is v ?91 & ! design is /amp$ & bo? halves ( ! h&le sold]$ toge!r4 ,! ?9 po9t$ /eel blade is *>act]i/ic ( old examples4 ,x _h n yet arriv$ to ! /age ( ! trade m>k ) "n ( firm made 9 ,%effield4 ,!re is a fault 9 design4 ,! object ( ornam5t is to be se5 & admir$4 ,:5 ^! knives 7 set on a table1 ! head ( ,%akespe>e 9 ! m$allion 0 upside d[n4 ,?is is a small detail1 b details su* z ^! 7 c>efully /udi$ at ,%effield at a lat] date & ornam5t us$ to its fulle/ capacity4 ,9 reg>d to ! p>ticul> design ( ! head ( ,%akespe>e4 ,!re is a reason = its exi/5ce4 ,x comes /raight f ! days ( ! great ,%akesp]ian revival by ,david ,g>rick1 :]e 9 #agda he act$ ,ri*>d ,,iii = ! fir/ "t4 ,qu9 & ,cibb] 7 out%one by ?is new actor1 :o drew ! fa%ionable _w ( ,/4 ,james's to 8 little h\se 9 ,goodman's ,fields4 ,he became an idol4 ,9 #agdb ) ,mrs4 ,w(f+ton he act$ 9 ,dubl9 = a season & creat$ a great s5sation4 ,9 #agdg he 0 jo9t lessee ( ,drury ,lane ,!atre4 ,a ,*elsea figure repres5ts him z ,ri*>d ,,iii &1 9 complem5t to ! new wor%ip ( ,%akespe>e :o _h be5 =gott5 = a hundr$ ye>s4 ,addison _h omitt$ him f 8 ,acc\nt ( ! greate/ ,engli% poets1 & ,/eele did n include him 9 8 essay ,a ,dream ( ,p>nassus 9 ! ,spectator4 ,%effield1 quick to seize an idea ( m>ketable value1 /amp$ ! little m$allion ( ,%akespe>e on h] knife h&le ) an eye to fa%ionable dem&s ( ! day4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,knives4 ,) /eel blades & plat$ h&les ) m$allion ( ,%akespe>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,buttons4 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,w9e ,,label4 7,9 ! collection ( ,b4 ,b4 ,h>rison1 ,esq47 ,buttons 7 also a /rong feature 9 e>ly days1 & cont9u$ z a lead+ feature to ! end ( ! ,%effield plat$ p]iod4 ,firms 7 e/abli%$ 9 ,london :o c>ri$ on ?is bran* till q a late date4 ,x is /at$ t a plat$ button 0 ! fir/ article made by ,b\lsov]4 ,9 ,irel& ,john ,ro*e1 ( ,u%]'s ,quay1 ,dubl91 also produc$ buttons 9 ?is /yle4 ,! designs 7 /amp$ accord+ to ord]4 ,! illu/ration 7p4 #ea7 %[s ! type ) copp] %ank firmly sold]$ on to ! back4 ,possibly ,army buttons ( ! same date 7 simil>ly made4 ,collectors h a field "h = se>* & rese>*4 ,w9e labels1 or z !y 7 t]m$1 bottle tickets1 (f]1 if n great v>iety ( /yle ( decoration1 c]ta9 curi\s indications z to ! w9es & liqueurs !y 7 int5d$ to label4 ,we illu/rate a label us$ = ,madeira4 ,b "s ( ! o!rs 7 = w9es ei!r n[ kn[n "u m famili> names or =gott5 altoge!r1 su* z3 ,%rub1 ,bucellas1 ,x]ez1 & o!rs4 ,! pat* boxes 7illu/rat$1 p4 #ee7 %[ ! type ( "w execut$ 9 ! e>ly days4 ,! plat+ 0 c>ri$ out on ! ext]ior2 ! int]ior ( ^! examples is b>e copp]4 ,! left-h& example %[s 9 its ornam5t ! swirls & curves ( ! rococo /yle :i* ,*ipp5dale adapt$ & spiritualiz$ 9 its translation4 ,! "r-h& specim5 owes some?+ to ,dut* influ5ce & to tobacco boxes :i* 7 common at ! p]iod4 ,x is a g5re subject1 ) ! figure ( a man /&+ & a lady recl9+ on a s(a4 ,! middle pat* box is 9 tortoise%ell & silv]1 & repres5ts ! fable ( ! ,fox & ! ,crane4 ,! sides & base ( ?is box are plat$1 &1 z 9 ! case ( ! o!rs1 ! int]ior is copp]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,pat* ,,boxes4 #a4 ,rococo design ) floral ornam5t4 ,int]ior ( box copp]4 #b4 ,tortoise%ell1 inlaid ) silv]4 ,fable subject3 ,fox & ,crane4 #c4 ,rococo bord]1 ) figures ( man & woman4 ,int]ior ( box copp]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,detail ,,( ,,above4 7,9 ! collection ( ,b4 ,b4 ,h>rison1 ,esq47 ,a ,_w ( ,knick-knacks4--,! _w ( ,london & ,ba? _h set ! fa%ion 9 tr9kets1 z mu* affect$ by ! mascul9e sex z by ladies ( fa%ion4 ,buckles1 clasps1 etuis1 snuff boxes 7 made 9 gold or silv] gilt4 ,b "o ,*ri/oph] ,p9*beck1 :o di$ 9 #agcb1 a ,clock & ,wat*mak] & ,toyman1 z he t]ms himself on 8 trade c>d ) 8 engrav$ portrait1 became a speciali/ 9 reproductions & replicas4 ,x is ( int]e/ to quote ! adv]tisem5t ( ! son ( ,p9*beck 9 ! ,daily ,po/1 ,novemb] #ag1 #agcb1 z %[+ :at articles he made ( a metal 9 imitation ( gold1 & ) ?is z a p>allel x w be possible to draw a conclusion z to ! class ( articles ( a simil> "* :i* 7 made at ,%effield at a slightly lat] p]iod3 ,to prev5t = ! future ! gross ,imposition t is daily put ^u ! public by a great ,numb] ( ,%opkeep]s1 ,hawk]s1 & ,p$l>s1 9 & ab\t ?is t[n1 ,notice is h]eby giv5 t ! +5i\s ,mr4 ,edw>d ,p9*beck1 at ! ,musical ,clock 9 ,fleet ,/reet1 does n dispose ( "o gra9 ( 8 curi\s metal1 :i* s ne>ly resembles ,gold 9 ,col\r1 ,smell1 & ,ductility1 to any p]son :atsoev]2 nor are ! ,toys made ( ! said ,metal sold by any "o p]son 9 ,engl& except himself3 !re=e ,g5tlem5 are desir$ to bew>e ( ,impo/ors1 :o frequ5t ,c(fee ,h\ses1 & expose to sale ,toys pret5d$ to be made ( ?is ,metal1 :i* is a mo/ notori\s ,imposition ^u ! ,publick4 ,& ,g5tlem5 & ,ladies may be accommodat$ by ! said ,mr4 ,p9*beck ) ! foll[+ curi\s ,toys1 viz4 ,sword-,hilts1 ,hang]s1 ,cane-,heads1 ,:ip-,h&les = ,hunt+1 ,spurs1 ,equipages1 ,wat* ,*a9s1 ,coat ,buttons1 ,%irt ,buttons1 ,knives & ,=ks1 ,spoons1 ,salv]s1 ,tweez]s = ,m5 & ,wom51 ,snuff ,boxes1 ,buckles = ,ladies' ,brea/s1 ,/ock ,buckles1 ,%oe ,buckles1 ,knee ,buckles1 ,girdle ,buckles1 ,/ock ,clasps1 ,necklaces1 ,corrals4 ,! adv]tisem5t goes on to enum]ate ,wat*es & ,a/ronomical ,clocks1 :i* newly inv5t$ ,ma*9es are artfully contriv$ z to p]=m on sev]al ,in/rum5ts great v>iety ( f9e ,pieces ( ,musick compos$ by ! mo/ celebrat$ ,ma/]s1 ) t ,exactitude1 & 9 s beautiful a mann] t sc>ce any h& c equal !m4 ,!y likewise imitate ! sweet ,h>mony ( ,birds to s great a ,p]fection z n to be di/+ui%$ f ,nature itself4 ,p9*beck articles are n[ collect$4 ,!y display f9e workman%ip & arti/ic decoration1 & true to ! ass]vation ( ! inv5tor !y h kept _! col\r 9 a wond]ful mann]4 ,! ,%effield ,silv] ,plat+ ,process4--,x has be5 already %[n t ! sup]imposition ( silv] & gold on bas] metals 0 n an unkn[n ?+1 & t _m old /atutes exi/ to prev5t su* w>es be+ sub/itut$ = solid gold & silv] plate4 ,^! e>li] processes ma9ly dep5d$ on wa%+ or lay+ on successive %eets or foils4 ,! ,b\lsov] process consi/$ 9 cutt+ (f f a solid b> ( copp] a rectangul> piece "s ?ree in*es wide1 twelve in*es long1 & ab\t "o in* 9 ?ickness4 ,?is 0 pure s(t copp] & easy to "w4 ,lat] an alloy 0 made ) ! addition ( a six? "p ( brass mak+ ! base or body h>d]4 ,"o side ( ?is copp] block is c>efully fil$1 extreme cleanl9ess be+ employ$ to exclude any dirt f ! surface4 ,a silv] %eet ( slightly less] dim5sions1 aft] be+ made ?or\ghly flat & kept p]fectly clean on "o side1 is laid on ! copp] ) ! two prep>$ surfaces fitt+ ^u ea* o!r4 ,! silv] 0 ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* 9 ?ickness4 ,ov] ! silv] is laid a piece ( %eet iron ! exact size ( ! silv]4 ,! ?ree %eets are !n tightly b\nd toge!r by means ( iron wire4 ,! :ole is !n put into a furnace until x is r$ hot2 at ! exact mom5t :5 x is consid]$ by ! skill$ workm5 t ! two metals _h prop]ly fus$ toge!r ! block 0 c>efully tak5 f ! furnace & put aside = cool+4 ,x is obvi\s t if ! workm5 7 c>eless & did n by con/ant practice "k ! correct l5g? ( "t to all[ ! op]ation to cont9ue 9 ! furnace ! result w\ld h be5 a failure4 ,! silv]1 in/ead ( exactly fus+ ) ! copp]1 w\ld run ov] ! edges & leave pat*es :]e ! two metals _h n prop]ly adh]$4 ,x is ! same 9 old processes su* z ! temp]+ ( a sword4 ,!re are no exact rules1 ! craftsman mu/ h a sure eye & be quick to act at a second's notice4 ,^? :o h witness$ ! cab9et-mak] 9 ! exactitude ) :i* he comm&s 8 ma/]y ov] glue+ p>ts1 z is exp]i5c$ 9 ! manufacture ( air-craft p>ts1 "k t giv5 p]fect conditions ( temp]ature & glue ( indubitable "* ! p>ts _c be sep>at$4 ,simil>ly 9 ! ,%effield plat+ ! silv] adh]$ to ! copp] base & rema9$ a compon5t "p & n a lay] likely to be di/urb$ by future b5d+ or hamm]+4 ,! next /age 9 ! process 0 ! process ( pass+ ^! blocks "u /eel roll]s 9 ! roll+ mills4 ,& dur+ ?is op]ation x und]w5t sev]al fur!r /ages ( heat+ or anneal+4 ,"h aga9 ! workman has to asc]ta9 to a nicety ! exact mom5t to discont9ue ! fir+1 o!rwise all w\ld be ru9$ & ! silv] be burnt (f ! face ( ! copp]4 ,9 glass bl[+ simil> te*nical difficulties r5d] ! art "o ( great rapidity & quick judgm5t4 ,at ! la/ /age1 by an act ( misjudgm5t1 all ! previ\s "w might be wa/$ & ! piece turn out a wreck4 ,! fire is a caprici\s ag5t4 ,9 pott]y x is ! same4 ,_m a vase aft] be+ elaborately pa9t$ by ! arti/ & fir$ 9 ! ov5s1 ow+ to "s accid5t1 comes out a di/ort$ & mis%ap5 mass4 ,! result ( ?is ,%effield plat+ 0 to produce a %eet :i* c\ld be manipulat$ 9 ! same mann] z ?\gh x 7 solid silv]4 ,! int]iors ( vessels1 x is true1 %[$ ! copp]1 b ^! 7 t9n$ till at a lat] date silv] 0 plac$ on bo? sides ( ! copp] & fus$ at ! same op]ation 9 ! furnace4 ,9 reg>d to ! ornam5t a good deal f\nd on old ,%effield plat$ w>e 0 made by ! use ( dies1 su* z feet1 h&les1 knobs1 & 7 ca/ 9 two halves & sold]$ toge!r prior to be+ affix$ 9 _! positions on ! articles4 ,9 o!r =ms ( decoration simil> to t f\nd on ! silv] plate ( ! day ! same te*nique 0 employ$ 9 ! rep\ss "w 9 produc+ a rais$ design on ! ext]ior1 t is1 by means ( hamm]+ aga9/ a s&-bag1 us+ a tool on ! inside ( ! vessel4 ,*as+ & engrav+ is done on ! outside :ile ! vessel is fill$ ) s& or ) "s o!r composition4 ,?is te*nique is n conf9$ to ,%effield plat$ articles2 x is ! te*nique ( ! silv]smi?1 :]e rep\ss "w receives its /rik+ =ce by a t9y hamm] f )9 ! vessel2 *as+ ) sunk l9es1 & elaboration & f9i%+ ! rep\ss design1 is done f ! ext]ior4 ,9 reg>d to designs1 ! productions duplicate "s ( ! f9e/ plate4 ,at its be/ ,%effield plate realiz$ its arti/ic responsibilities4 ,x did n dissem9ate %oddy imitations ( ,engli% plate4 ,its copies _h ! sav+ grace ( be+ execut$ by m5 :o und]/ood ! value ( ! orig9als4 ,!y work$ fai?fully 9 a m economic m$ium1 b !y did n debase ! orig9al design1 & !y 7 too clev] to add m]etrici\s t\*es ( _! own & m> "w :i* !y mu/ h lov$ or !y c\ld n h copi$ x s truly4 ,joseph ,hancock ( ,%effield4--,?omas ,b\lsov] claims our reg>d = 8 inv5tion & 8 /eady application to x on a m9or plane4 ,b ,joseph ,hancock took long] views4 ,he 0 a memb] ( ! ,corporation ( ,cutl]s 9 ,%effield1 & he x 0 :o saw to :at great uses ! new inv5tion c\ld be put if h&l$ on a great scale4 ,he made c&le/icks1 teapots1 salv]s1 & _m o!r m important articles1 & by s do+ he rais$ ! process above ! snuff-box & button level & e/abli%$ comm]cially ! great indu/ry = :i* ,%effield has become fam\s4 ,mills 7 erect$ = roll+ out ! +ots1 skill$ workm5 7 procur$ :o _h s]v$ _! appr5tice%ip z silv]smi?s 9 ,london & else:]e4 ,%effield1 almo/ concurr5tly ) ! great impetus giv5 to ! mak+ ( plat$ silv] w>e1 began to make silv] plate4 ,b su* solid silv] _h to be convey$ to ,london to receive ! m>ks ( ! ,goldsmi?s ,company ( ,london to d5ote its /&>d quality4 ,9 reg>d to emb>k+ on s novel an ent]prise z rais+ a great indu/ry f\nd$ on ! designs ( ! silv]smi?s1 !re mu/ h be5 _m =ebod+s z to legal possibilities4 ,! laws on ! subject 7 v /r+5t4 ,p]sons _h be5 f9$ & imprison$ 9 ! reign ( ,george ,,ii = manufactur+ plate ( l[] value ?an ! /&>d4 ,9 #agda "o ,drew ,drury ( ,london /at$ t he 0 inadv]t5tly conc]n$ 9 mak+ a /amp resembl+ ! ,lion ,passant1 t he _h nev] made any use ( x1 & t he _h caus$ x to be brok54 ,! ,w>d5s ( ! ,goldsmi?s ,company did n accept 8 confession & proce$$ aga9/ him4 ,among exceptions n requir$ to be assay$ 7 metal sp\ts to *9a1 /one or e>!nw>e teapots & %irt buckles or broo*es4 ,b silv] %oe-clasps1 pat* boxes1 salt %ovels1 tea /ra9]s1 caddy spoons1 bottle tickets 7w9e labels71 & all buckles except ! above m5tion$ 71 if silv]1 to be assay$4 ,x is rem>kable to f9d ! ,%effield silv] plat]s some:at incauti\sly fly+ 9 ! face ( ! protective legislation 9 reg>d to silv] plate & its m>k+4 ,9 fact1 x appe>s t !y recklessly plac$ ?ree m>ks on "s ( ! e>li] w>e resembl+ ^? on silv] plate4 ,9 #aggc a ,committee ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons 0 appo9t$ to inquire into ! mann] ( conduct+ ! sev]al assay (fices 9 ,london1 ,york1 ,exet]1 ,*e/]1 ,norwi*1 & ,newca/le-^u-,tyne4 ,york1 ,exet]1 & ,norwi*1 x 0 f\nd1 7 n 9 op]ation & _h clos$ d[n4 ,9 reg>d to evid5ce a ,mr4 ,w4 ,hancock1 a silv]smi? ( ,%effield1 said t 8 "w _h be5 injur$ by scrap+4 ,he w5t to ! ,goldsmi?s ,hall ( ,london & gave "s dr9k to ! ,assay ,ma/] & scrap]1 s9ce :i* "t 8 plate _h be5 less damag$4 ,mr4 ,spilsbury said t scrap]s _h ! opportunity to deliv] to ! assay] bett] silv] ?an !y scrape f ! "w1 & t ! assay] _h ! opportunity ( fav\r+ :at silv]smi? he pleas$4 ,:5 8 plate _h be5 object$ to he f\nd t ^! difficulties 7 remov$ on giv+ dr9k at ! ,hall4 ,?is may be said to h be5 9 keep+ ) ! old tradition ( ! ,goldsmi?s ,company ( ,london1 = we read t 9 #acei "o ( ! memb]s ( ! ,fell[%ip 0 f\nd guilty ( mals outrages4 ,he pray$ ! m]cy ( ! ,company & (f]$ !m t5 tuns ( w9e4 ,he 0 duly =giv5 on pay+ = a pipe ( w9e & twelve p5ce a week = "o ye> to a poor man ( ! ,company4 ,! ,committee 9 _! ,report f\nd 9 reg>d to ,%effield & probably ,birm+ham t ! artific]s are n[ arriv$ at s great a p]fection 9 plat+ ) silv] ! goods made ( base metal1 t !y v mu* resemble solid silv]1 & t if ! practice :i* has be5 introduc$ ( putt+ m>ks ^u !m some:at resembl+ ^? us$ at ! assay (fices %all n be re/ra9$1 _m frauds & impositions may be committ$ ^u ! public4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,c&le/ick4 ,design$ 9 ,adam /yle1 #agge4 ,f copp]-plate engrav+ 9 old catalogue issu$ by ,%effield mak]s to ! ,cont95tal m>kets4 7,at ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 7,reproduc$ by p]mission ( ! ,bo>d ( ,education47 ,! result 0 to draw ! tee? ( ! plat]s by appo9t+ assay (fices at ,%effield & ,birm+ham4 ,! p5alties laid d[n 9 ! ,act ( #aggc put an end to silv] plate be+ m>k$4 ,9 #aghd ano!r ,act 0 pass$1 #bd ,george ,,iii1 cap4 #bj1 :i* _h "s int]e/+ /ipulations conc]n+ silv] plat$ w>e4 ,:]eas d\bts h aris5 :e!r a ,manufactur] ( ,goods plat$ ) ,silv] c make or /rike 8 ,"n ^u su* ,goods )\t incurr+ ! said ,p5alty 7"o hundr$ p\nds73 & by reason ( su* ,d\bts ! ,manufactur]s ( ,goods plat$ ) ,silv] h be5 det]r$ f /rik+ _! ,names ^u plat$ ,goods1 :]eby a prop] ,di/9ction betwixt plat$ ,goods ( ! diff]5t ,manufactur]s is prev5t$1 & all ,emulation 9 t ,bran* ( ,bus9ess is de/roy$3 to ! c]ta9 & manife/ ,prejudice ( ! said ,manufactory4 ,= obviat+ su* ,d\bts be x fur!r enact$ by ! ,au?ority a=esaid1 t x %all be lawful = any ,manufactur] ( ,goods plat$ ) ,silv] )9 ! said t[n ( ,%effield1 or )9 ,"o ,hundr$ ,miles !re(1 to /rike or cause to be /ruck ^u any ,metal ,vessel or ,?+ plat$ or cov]$ ) ,silv]1 8 or h] ,surname1 or1 9 case ( any ,p>tn]%ip ! "n ( ! ,firm ( su* ,p>tn]%ip1 & also "s ,m>k1 ,figure1 or ,device1 to be /ruck at ! end ( su* ,surname1 or o!r ,"n ( ,firm3 su* ,m>k1 ,figure or ,device n be+ ! same or 9 ,imitation ( any ,m>k made use ( by any ,assay ,(fice e/abli%$ by ,law = assay+ wr\ght ,plate1 )\t be+ subject$ to any ,p5alty or ,=feiture = s do+2 any ,?+ 9 ! said ,act to ! contr>y h]e( not)/&+4 ,a lat] clause lays x d[n t x %all be ,provid$ t e su* ,surname or ,"n or ,firm z a=esaid1 %all be 9 pla9 & legible *>act]s1 & /ruck ) "o ,pun* only4 ,! clause )9 "o hundr$ miles ( ,%effield includ$ ,birm+ham1 :i* gave a control to ,%effield2 b ! sev]e rules z to /amps be+ ! surname or "n ( ! firm made ! m>k+ ( ,%effield plat$ articles a cumbr\s bus9ess & n mu* to ! lik+ ( ! silv] plat]s1 al?\gh x mu/ be reg>d$ z a complim5t t !y 7 legally compell$ to m>k _! w>e s c>efully1 app>5tly = no o!r reason ?an t its resemblance to silv] plate 0 s /rong t x might be mi/ak5 = ! /]l+ article4 ,! ,rise ( ! ,birm+ham & ,o!r ,silv] ,plat]s4--,:at ,joseph ,hancock did = ,%effield ,mat!w ,b\lton did = ,birm+ham4 ,prior to #aggc ! m>k us$ consi/$ ( ?ree /amps ) two cr[ns & ! lett]s ,b,f 7,b\lton & ,fo!rgill72 9 #aghd ! m>k 0 two suns /ruck 9 duplicate & 0 regi/]$ z ,m4 ,b\lton & ,co4 at ! ,%effield ,assay ,(fice 9 accordance ) ! ,act ( #aghd4 ,! #aggc ,act 7#ac ,george ,,iii1 cap4 #eb7 made no provision = ! ,%effield & ,birm+ham plat]s1 b gave p[]s to ! ,%effield & ,birm+ham ,assay ,(fices4 ,c]ta9 portions ( ?is 7 repeal$1 & provision made = ! m>k+ ( plat$ w>e4 ,b ?is revision only appli$ to ,%effield & = "s reason ,birm+ham 0 omitt$1 !re=e ! ,birm+ham plat]s1 al?\gh silv] c\ld be assay$ at ,birm+ham1 _h to put !mselves "u ! gis ( ! ,%effield ,assay ,(fice4 ,h5ce we f9d ,b\lton ,co4 regi/]+ at ,%effield4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,c&le/ick4 ,f copp]-plate engrav+ issu$ by eighte5?-c5tury ,%effield plate mak]s to ! ,cont95tal m>kets4 ,date #agie4 7,at ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 7,reproduc$ by p]mission ( ! ,bo>d ( ,education47 ,at ,nott+ham ! silv] plat+ indu/ry 0 e/abli%$1 & 9 ,london x obta9$ s great a /ronghold t al?\gh x 0 born 9 ,%effield x di$ 9 ,london1 z ! craftsm51 al?\gh !y f\nd !mselves some:at moribund & a gradually dw9dl+ body1 ow+ to ! newe/ inv5tion f ,%effield--plat+ by electro-process--held on until "s ye>s aft] ! new inv5tion _h ext+ui%$ ! old] /yles else:]e1 b 9 ! end silv] plat+ by fusion & roll$ plate "w succumb$4 ,9 reg>d to ,irel& !re is "s evid5ce t an attempt 0 made to manufacture silv] plate by fusion & roll+ 9 ! ,%effield mann]4 ,b v little fus$ plat$ w>e 0 actually made 9 ,dubl94 ,c]ta9 premiums 7 (f]$ by ! ,iri% gov]nm5t = light plate made 9 t c\ntry4 ,light plate evid5tly be+ und]/ood to be plat$ w>e4 ,!re are num]\s notices & adv]tisem5ts 9 ,iri% newspap]s f ab\t #agfj onw>ds ann\nc+ imports ( ,%effield plat$ goods4 ,!re is no d\bt t a consid]able am\nt ( ,%effield plat$ w>e 0 import$ into ,irel&4 ,! records ( "o firm %[ t betwe5 #aghd & #ahjd plat$ articles to ! value ( #fj1jjj 7 export$ f ,%effield to ,irel&4 ,al?\gh ! ,dubl9 directories ( ! p]iod %[ _m names ( ,iri% silv] plat]s1 ?is is n evid5ce en\gh to e/abli% ! fact t any ( ^! craftsm5 work$ 9 roll$ plate2 !re is e likelihood t !y plat$ small articles 9 ! old mann] & lat]1 aft] ! e>ly ye>s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 ) ! process kn[n z close plat+4 ,! "n ,sly4 ,dubl9 appe>s on a /eel meat skew] plat$ ) silv] belong+ to ^! latt] days4 ,!re is1 too1 ! possibility t "s ( ! ,%effield plat]s actually export$ roll$ plate 9 %eets1 ?\gh !re is no direct evid5ce ( ?is1 z x w\ld h be5 some:at suicidal to place 9 ! h&s ( o!r artific]s ! mat]ial to conv]t into :at w\ld h be5 practically ,%effield plat$ w>e al?\gh made else:]e4 ,b !re is confirmation1 al?\gh some:at meagre1 t plat+ by fusion 0 accompli%$ at ,dubl91 ?\gh app>5tly only practis$ to a small ext5t4 ,9 #aggi ! ,goldsmi?s ,company ( ,dubl9 compla9$ ( ! great am\nt ( plat$ goods import$1 & 9 #aghc ! ,dubl9 ,society (f]$ a premium ( #aej1 be+ at ! rate ( #f p] c5t4 on value ( ,iri% plate & light plat$ goods manufactur$ 9 ,irel&1 by roll]s1 betwe5 #aghb-c & #aghc-d4 ,! records %[ t on ,novemb] #be1 #aghd1 ! sum ( #bd #gs4 0 aw>d$ to ,*ri/oph] ,haynes1 goldsmi?1 ( ,dubl91 be+ at ! rate ( #f p] c5t4 on ! value ( light plate goods entirely manufactur$ by him 9 ,irel& by roll]s1 f #a/ ,july1 #aghc1 to #a/ ,july1 #aghd2 value #dje #ags4 #c;d4 ,x is fur!r not$ t a premium ( #aa #ags4 #d;d4 0 paid to ,john ,lloyd1 goldsmi?1 ( ,h>olds ,cross1 ,dubl91 be+ #f p] c5t4 on value ( light plat$ goods manufactur$ by him 9 ,irel& by roll]s1 value #aig #cs4 #c;d42 & also premium ( #b #bs4 #aa;d4 be+ #f p] c5t4 on value ( plat$ goods manufactur$ by him 9 ,irel& by roll]s1 value #ce #ajs4 ,9 #agib ,a ,company ( ,manufactur]s 9 ,abbey ,/reet1 ,dubl91 adv]tise plat$ metal = ,button ,mak]s at #ds4 #d;d4 p] p\nd4 ,! ,great ,p]iod ( ,silv] ,plat+4--,contempor>y ) ! gr[? ( ,%effield plat+ 7 influ5ces :i* 7 v /imulat+ 9 reg>d to ! f9e & ! appli$ arts4 ,! qu>t] ( a c5tury f #agfe to #agij teems ) ri* inv5tiv5ess on e h&4 ,9 #agfh ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds became ! fir/ ,presid5t ( ! ,royal ,academy1 & he di$ 9 #agib4 ,8 brilliant canvases1 ) _! ,titian col\rs1 & 8 *ildr5 z graceful z ^? ( ,correggio1 br\ght noonday into ,engli% art4 ,?omas ,*ipp5dale's ,director 0 publi%$ 9 #aged1 & ! translations ( great ,fr5* /yles acclimatiz$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,horace ,walpole built ,/rawb]ry ,hill 9 #agej4 ,9 #agic ,%]aton's ,cab9et ,mak]'s & ,uphol/]]'s ,draw+ ,book appe>$4 ,betwe5 ^! po9ts a great influx ( ornam5t & design bur/ ^u ! c\ntry4 ,flaxman 0 hold+ a mirror to ! classic graces & ,w$gwood 0 translat+ !m into clay4 ,bro!rs ,adam classiciz$ c]ta9 p>ts ( ,london4 ,! ,adelphi is typical4 ,david ,g>rick liv$ 9 ! ,adelphi ,t]race2 ,antonio ,zuc*i pa9t$ 8 draw+-room ceil+1 & a :ite m>ble mantelpiece *imney piece co/ ?ree hundr$ p\nds4 ,great engrav]s 7 work+ 9 mezzot9t & 9 l9e3 /ipple engrav]s "u ,b>tolozzi's influ5ce produc$ gems ( ,engli% art pr9t$ 9 col\rs4 ,a great outbur/ ( "w ( p]man5t arti/ic quality /amps ! p]iod4 ,nor 7 ! silv]smi?s beh9d 9 p]petuat+ glori\s designs4 ,"h !n 0 ! f9e field 9 :i* ! ,%effield plat]s c\ld br[se = inspiration4 ,_! results ju/ify _! exi/5ce4 ,h[ great ! indu/ry became is reflect$ by ! s]ies ( ,design ,books issu$ %[+ ! patt]ns t ,%effield 0 able dur+ a p]iod ( tra9+ ( less ?an tw5ty ye>s to s5d to ! ,cont95t & t1 be x not$1 9 ! days ( ,l\is ,seize4 ,! illu/rations ( ,c&le/icks f ^! ,design ,books illu/rat$ 7pp4 #fe1 #fi1 #ge71 are describ$ 9 detail 9 ,*apt] ,,iii 9 relation to _! te*nique & arti/ic features 7pp4 #hf1 #hi74 ,contempor>y ,silv]smi?s & ,_! ,art4--,= t5 ye>s ( ! reign ( ,george ,,ii1 & f #agfj to = ?irty ye>s ( ! reign ( ,george ,,iii1 ,engli% plate is rem>kable = simple & practical designs embrac+ ! exub]ant ornam5t f ! h& ( ,paul ,lam]ie & imbu$ ) ! classic _s ( ,rob]t ,adam4 ,its v>iety is a noticeable *>act]i/ic1 & silv] plat$ replicas c>ry on ! tradition until ! second or decad5t p]iod :5 cumb]some & unwieldy design ov]load$ ornam5t1 & f9ick+ details *ok$ ! f9e inspirations t _h come d[n f ! pa/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,c&le/icks4 ,f old ,patt]n ,book issu$ by ,r4 ,c4 ,co4 7,rob]t ,cadman ,co47 ab\t #agig4 ,! prices ( ! above examples 7writt5 9 ink7 are giv5 at #bjs4 & #des4 p] pair4 7,at ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 7,reproduc$ by p]mission ( ! ,bo>d ( ,education47 ,! *]ubs' heads1 ! satyrs1 ! lion-masks1 & ! engrav$ & pi]c$ "w ( ,paul ,lam]ie ext5d$ f #agdb4 ,?omas ,gilp9 0 not$ = 8 f9e scrollwork2 ,pet] ,taylor has f9e designs embodi$ 9 tea caddies engrav$ ) ,*9ese figures & embelli%$ ) %ell ornam5t4 ,isaac ,duke ) 8 sauce boats ) h&les =m$ z dragons & ri* *as+ & ornam5t holds high reputation4 ,john ,cafe1 ,edw>d ,wakel91 ,john ,swift & ,george ,wickes all 7 ( ! middle eighte5? c5tury & are well kn[n4 ,daniells1 ,william ,%aw 9 #aghe1 ,orl&o ,jackson & ,james ,wilkes c>ri$ on ! traditions4 ,pet] ,ar*ambo1 :o work$ a decade or two previ\sly1 _h left a te*nique4 ,! designs ( ,el/on ( ,exet] are /ill hon\r$4 ,at ,dubl91 ,r4 ,cald]wood 9 #agej & ,william ,hom]1 ( ,dubl91 & ,john ,williams1 ( ,cork1 tw5ty ye>s lat] 7 produc+ ma/]pieces ( delicate arti/ry4 ,& be=e ! decad5ce came ,william ,plumm] & ,paul ,/orr4 ,x 0 !re=e ) no misgiv+ z to *oice ( r>e design t ! ,%effield plate work]s set out to immortalize ! "w ( ^! m5 ) no less c\rage ?an did ,mc,ardell & ! great s*ool ( mezzot9t]s 9 reg>d to ! canvases ( ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds4 ,,iii ,,c&elabra ,,& ,,c&le/icks ,,e>ly ,,types ,,! ,,adam ,,/yle ,,& ,,its ,,promulgation ,,to ,,! ,,cont95t ,,! ,,c&elabrum ,,! ,,v>ieties ,,( ,,! ,,spiral ,,=m ,,! ,,tri-,,=m ,,c&elabrum ,,! ,,*amb] ,,c&le/ick ,,! ,,evolution ,,( ,,! ,,table ,,c&le/ick ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,c&elabra ,,& ,,c&le/icks ,e>ly types--,! ,adam /yle & its promulgation to ! ,cont95t--,! c&elabrum--,! v>ieties ( ! spiral =m--,! tri-=m c&elabrum--,! *amb] c&le/ick--,! evolution ( ! table c&le/ick4 ,9 comm5t+ ^u e>ly types ( ,%effield plat$ c&le/icks a good deal ( pa/ hi/ory has to g by ! bo>d4 ,"o does n ne$ to discuss pricket c&le/icks ( ecclesia/ical =m4 ,un=tunately ! exquisite ,/u>t examples1 ! symmetrically ideal =ms ( ! ,*>les ,i p]iod1 s r>ely f\nd1 & ! f9ely balanc$ types ( ! ,*>les ,,ii1 ,james ,,ii & ! ,william p]iod pass--z !y 7 nev] duplicat$ by ,%effield4 ,%effield comm5ces ) ,george ,,ii & ,%effield end$ ) ,george ,,iii4 ,happily ! banalities ( ! e>ly-,victoria era nev] encompass$ h] craftsm54 ,!re=e1 ! e>ly types ( c&le/ick belong to ! days ( ,george ,,ii4 ,!y belong to ! days :5 ,b\lsov] look$ to ,joseph ,hancock1 ! ma/] cutl]1 = inspiration1 & ,joseph ,hancock ! cutl] ( ,%effield set out on a true pa?4 ,a c]ta9 mod]nity 0 9 ! air4 ,! ye> #agea _h only #bhb days1 & ! ye> #ageb only #cee4 ,! cal5d> 0 9 process ( re=m4 ,joseph ,hancock's types ( ! e>ly days 7we are speak+ ( #agej to #agfe7 mu/ h be5 ! ord9>y types made by ! great silv]smi?s1 ?\gh x may be imag9$1 z ?\gh 9 lead+ /r+s1 ,%effield g5tly pursu$ h] way ) exp]im5tal copy+4 ,to come to te*nique !re 7 ! edges ( ! silv] & copp] plate1 an ugly witness ( inf]iority4 ,^! mu/ be hidd5 someh[ by godroon$ edges1 ( solid silv] maybe1 r ?an %[ ! pov]ty ( ! roll$ plate4 ,if !y 7 ca/ !n !re 7 ! seams to scre5 f common obs]vation4 ,to ?is day ! seams d5ote ! g5u95ess ( ! old plate4 ,dies came into be+4 ,portions 7 ca/1 ornam5ts 7 sold]$ toge!r & atta*$ to ! article4 ,at fir/ !re 0 always ! factor det]m9able en\gh by close inspection t ! silv] 0 only on "o side ( ! copp]4 ,! int]ior ( vessels 0 copp]1 :i* 0 t9n$4 ,9 c&le/icks ?is 0 n a v =midable ob/acle to successful imitation1 z ! nozzles c\ld be ,fr5* plat$ & o!rwise conceal$4 ,! bottom c\ld be plugg$ ) a mahogany po/ & fill$ ) sold]1 c\ld be cov]$ ) %ellac at ! base & h a f9e baize scre5 f all obtrusive gaz]s4 ,b ,%effield soon got above & beyond any ( ^! artifices4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,c&le/ick4 ,"o ( a pair1 ) f9ely %ap$ facets1 decorat$ ) leaf ornam5t4 ,date #aghe4 7,9 ! possession ( ,g4 ,h4 ,wallis1 ,esq41 ,f4,s4,a47 ,x is curi\s h[ collectors h come to love ! c&le/ick1 possibly x is because x repres5ts some?+ t vani%$ dur+ ! horrible era ( ! gas *&eli] & ! p>aff9 lamp1 & has be5 resuscitat$ 9 lat] days 9 ! =m ( an electric *&eli] or 9 electric /&>ds4 ,electricity has galvaniz$ ! old c&le/ick & ! antique c&elabrum into life4 ,! ,dut* hang+ brass p5dants are n[ "o ( ! /ock l9es ( ! electric fitt] :o furni%es ! villa 9 pseudo-,jacobean or pseudo-,georgian /yle4 ,! %opwalk] or 8 satellites w pron\nce empirically ^u /yles ) ! surety ( an encyclopdia4 ,9 consequ5ce all electric lights are hall-m>k$ ) p]iods3 !y are ,adams 7sic71 or ,*ipp5dale1 or ,%]aton4 ,possibly collectors ( ano!r age may f9d %oddy writt5 ov] a l5g?y p]iod ( our mod]n fitm5ts = illum9ation4 ,! ,adam ,/yle & its ,promulgation4--,t ,%effield did great ?+s 9 c&le/icks is %[n by a visit to ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum4 ,"o ( ! f9e/ examples ( ! classic /yle ) urn %ap$ nozzle ) classic pila/] column1 bo? urn & base decorat$ ) fe/oons 9 classic /yle1 ( ! p]iod ( #aghb1 is a ,%effield silv] c&le/ick4 ,%effield 0 und\bt$ly mak+ f9e silv] c&le/icks & c&elabra at ?is p]iod1 & ?is is n unimportant 9 reg>d to ! consid]ation ( :at %e did z an e*o ( su* "w4 ,dur+ ! la/ tw5ty ye>s ( ! eighte5? c5tury h] output 0 ( ! highe/ "*4 ,s9ce #aggc1 z we h %[n1 ,%effield _h /ood on h] dignity z ! pr\d possessor ( an assay (fice ) all ! newly acquir$ rights ( silv]smi?s jeal\s ( infr+em5ts on s close a corporation4 ,?is _h1 )\t d\bt1 an enorm\s influ5ce on ! quality ( ! "w p]petrat$ by ! silv] plat]s4 ,%effield made a bid to become a silv]smi?s' c5tre & %e has n lo/ h] anci5t ambitions to-day4 ,9 ! illu/ration giv5 7p4 #fe7 ( a c&le/ick f a copp]-plate engrav+ ( pure ,adam /yle1 9 date ab\t #agge1 x is se5 h[ f> ,%effield _h advanc$ to be able to s5d su* patt]n books ) designs broadca/ to buy]s ( h] w>e on ! ,cont95t ( ,europe4 ,?is & ano!r illu/ration 7p4 #fi7 indicate ! class ( c&le/ick ,%effield 0 prep>$ to export4 ,%effield _h n snat*$ at r5[n1 %e _h won x4 ,a s]ies ( ,design ,books ( ! p]iod1 f :i* we reproduce illu/rations1 e/abli% ! fact t ,%effield plat$ w>es 7 z acceptable on ! ,cont95t z be+ some?+ especially ,engli%1 z 7 ! equally orig9al products ( ,w$gwood 9 pott]y1 & at a lat] date ! ,iron/one ,w>e ( ,mason1 :]e x is said t he inflict$ m injury ^u ! ,fr5* pott]s ?an did ! ,engli% fleet "u ,nelson4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,c&elabrum4 ,) two lights deta*able = use ( /&>d z a s+le light4 ,removable nozzles4 ,date ab\t #ahjj4 ,%[+ signs ( copp] ow+ to bad usage4 7,9 ! collection ( ,au?or47 ,^! are trade matt]s1 b int]e/+ )al1 z !y %[ ! rapid rise "u c>eful & pati5t intuition ( skill$ craftsm5 ^: respl5d5t models tempt$ ! ,cont95t to buy our replicas :]e p]haps ! orig9al "w 0 ei!r n pr(f]$ = sale or 0 too exp5sive = ! cont95tal m>ket4 ,we give ano!r illu/ration 7p4 #ge7 ( two table c&le/icks1 #agig 9 date1 s5t out1 z ! catalogue /ates1 by ,r4 ,c4 ,co4 7,rob]t ,cadman & ,company74 ,9 "o example we h ! fav\rite design ( ! o/ri* fea!rs belov$ ( ,hepple:ite & o!rs 9 ! *air backs ( ! same p]iod4 ,! classic influ5ce ( ,adam is wan+4 ,!re is no?+ purely ,grecian 9 ! column4 ,! ,ionic pill> has long s9ce disappe>$4 ,we h some?+ z a sub/itute 9 design4 ,! ,maltese cross z a novelty f9ds itself z a feature 9 ! design4 ,x is composite1 x is 9 a measure feeble 9 comp>ison ) previ\s designs4 ,x m>ks ! oncom+ p]iod4 ,x is j ! sign ( some?+ confus$ 9 ! design4 ,we %all soon see some?+ n only confus$ b extremely mix$ & utt]ly banal ) false & m]etrici\s ornam5t1 ) little mean+ except t "h x /&s1 z ornam5t or z attempt at ornam5t1 b z to balance or symmetry--t has be5 irretrievably lo/4 ,! age ( decad5ce no "o c expla94 ,"o m>vels z mu* at ineptitude z at beauty 9 design4 ,happily ! ,%effield design]s w5t backw>ds = "s ( _! designs 9 a p]iod t ?reat5$ decad5ce4 ,! small] ( ! c&le/icks 7illu/rat$1 p4 #ge7 sugge/s ! retic5ce & simplicity ( a brass c&le/ick ( ! ,/u>t p]iod4 ,z su* x mu/ be reg>d$4 ,x /&s quietly unassailable 9 its ,engli% dignity4 ,a f9e clean-cut example1 9 date #aghe1 ( pure design1 ) facets %>ply cut & decorat$ ) acan?us leaf design 9 due subjection1 is illu/rat$ 7p4 #hc74 ,! urn /em & ! urn nozzle det]m9e ! p]iod1 & ! c&le/ick /&s on a f9e r\nd base4 ,its cle> def9$ retic5ce is almo/ l cut /eel "w on a m9or plane ( ! same p]iod1 su* z frames to cameos & lat] adapt$ to purses & *atela9es4 ,cut /eel m\nts to clock faces belong$ to ! com+ ,empire days4 ,"h1 9 ?is c&le/ick illu/rat$1 is an indication ( facett$ "w z clean cut z glass1 :i* 9 its work+ & 9 its te*nique is a metal too4 ,! ,c&elabrum4--,:atev] may h be5 ! v>ieties ( ! hang+ c&elabrum 9 ,dut* int]iors1 f9ely wr\ght brass & copp] ) a v>iety ( designs always pleas+ & s attractive z to f9d a ready duplication z a mod]n electric light c&elabrum1 we d n f9d ! table c&elabrum at an e>ly date 9 ,engl&4 ,z days w5t on x became massive1 & _h sev5 or eight lights4 ,old engrav+s depict ,jewi% & o!r c&elabra z /&+ on ! gr\nd1 sometimes ( great height & ) _m lights1 b = dome/ic use _! acceptance z table or sidebo>d lights came 9 ! middle eighte5? c5tury1 9 ,georgian days ) great spread ( mahogany & massive furniture4 ,!y seem almo/ relat$ to ! ,adam resuscitation ( classic c&elabra on tripod feet4 ,b mo/ ( ! massive ,%effield plat$ examples be> relation%ip to ,hog>?ian pre-,*ipp5dale mahogany1 & solid sidebo>ds groan+ ) silv]1 engirt ) montei?s & pun* b[ls & all ! equipm5ts ( a p]iod :5 memb]s ( ,p>liam5t hiccupp$ _! spee*es 9 ! ,h\se1 & :5 fox-hunt+ & port-dr9k+ squires drank ea* o!r "u ! table4 ,! evolution ( ! c&elabrum f its simple =m ) two lights to its conclave ( twelve is z int]e/+ z ! evolution ( ! gate-leg table dur+ a some:at long] p]iod4 ,9 reg>d to practicability1 z has be5 po9t$ out to ! writ]1 "s ( ! lat] replicas ov]do ! numb] 9 ! attempt to be ornate1 & if fill$ ) c&les & light$ !y w\ld burn ea* o!r4 ,?is is an int]e/+ fact z indicat+ t sometimes 9 8 attempt to be orig9al ! mod]n fabricator inv5ts some?+ t c\ld nev] h be5 us$4 ,=1 aft] all1 our ance/ors1 h[ev] h&icapp$ !y 7 by want ( illum9ative me*anism1 7 nev] s fooli% z to employ c&elabra t w\ld cause gutt]+ by "o c&le fir+ ano!r on acc\nt ( its close proximity4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,c&elabrum4 ,bran*$ ) sev5 lights4 ,a squ>e base ) ball feet4 ,flut$ decorations on column4 ,date #ahbj4 7,by c\rtesy ( ,walt] ,h4 ,willson1 ,esq47 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,c&elabrum4 ,) five lights3 on hexagonal base ) claw feet4 ,nozzles urn-%ap$1 ri*ly decorat$4 ,column ) acan?us leaf & diap] ornam5tation4 ,date #ahaj4 7,by c\rtesy ( ,walt] ,h4 ,willson1 ,esq47 ,9 consid]+ c&elabra1 ! ord9>y bran*$ ?ree-light c&elabrum is int]e/+1 & _m =ms foll[ ea* o!r indicat+ ! /eady progress onw>ds4 ,! example illu/rat$ 7p4 #hg7 is capable ( be+ us$ z a s+le c&le or z two lights4 ,x is 9 ! usual nom5clature ( ! trade t]m$ a ?ree-light c&elabrum1 ?\gh only two lights are capable ( be+ us$ at ! same "t4 ,! nozzles are removable4 ,n[ ! removable nozzle 0 n introduc$ into silv] plate until ab\t #ageh1 :5 ! tall ,cor9?ian column types fir/ _h ?is inv5tion4 ,b ! example "u notice has o!r indications to place x ab\t #ahjj4 ,x has ! slight sugge/ions ( oncom+ ,empire /yle1 ! comm5cem5t ( a return to au/]ity1 a pov]ty ( design1 & ! urns & nozzles betray ! new] =ms ( ornam5t4 ,! oval bases & ! t\* ( floriate ornam5t "u ! nozzle urns h _! indicative note4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! cam]a1 ) m p5etration ?an ! human eye1 has br\ght out ! ?9ness ( ! plate1 & x is "h repres5t$ 9 ! illu/ration4 ,x d5otes p]haps less ( a del9qu5cy on ! "p ( ! plat] or a flaw 9 8 te*nique ?an a grave indictm5t aga9/ g5]ations ( h\semaids :o h us$ metal poli% :i* conta9$ m]cury or "s o!r noxi\s comp\nd inimical to ! longevity ( ! sup]impos$ silv]4 ,s "h x is indicat+ a la/ /age ( its simulation & ! base copp] peeps =? triumphantly4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,c&elabrum4 ,"o ( a pair4 ,two-light3 ab\t #agij4 ,flut$ column h&work4 ,flut$ leaf ornam5t on cups1 ) ,go?ic loop$ bran*es surm\nt$ by an acorn4 7,9 ! collection ( ,b4 ,b4 ,h>rison1 ,esq47 ,a glori\s c&elabrum ( massive =m bran*$ ) sev5 lights on squ>e base ) ball feet is 9 date ab\t #ahbj 7illu/rat$1 p4 #ia74 ,! grease cups indicate its late date1 & und]nea? is ! same bud-l floriate ornam5t we notic$ 9 ! la/ example4 ,b 9 addition to give x yet a lat] date is ! brok5 bran* ) ball-l ornam5t4 ,x is a f9e example1 especially notewor?y z be+ repres5tative ( a p]iod j be=e a decad5ce ( design set 9 :i* ?ru/s ! collector out & freezes any int]e/ he may take 9 p]fect te*nique by reason ( a fe>fulness he has ( banal design4 ,a spl5did example ( a c&elabrum ) five lights1 "o ( a pair is illu/rat$ 7p4 #ic74 ,! late classic influ5ce f ,pompeii d]ivative ?r\gh ,fr5* s\rces is "h evid5t4 ,! tripod /& t]m9ates on claw feet embelli%$ by a floriat$ w+$ design4 ,! column has a ri*ness almo/ ak9 to ! work] 9 ormulu4 ,! base is decorat$ ) acan?us leaf ornam5t1 foll[$ by ord9>y flut+ :i* breaks (f 9 ! c5tre ( ! pill>4 ,! upp] portion is decorat$ 9 a diap] patt]n & ! capital is a flut$ urn1 f :i* spr+ ! bran*es4 ,! grease pans are ri*ly godroon$1 & "h ! feature und]nea? is noticeable1 ! little circul> boss b5ea? ! pans4 ,at a lat] date ! grease pan disappe>$1 b ! little rosette 0 left4 ,?is is especially noticeable 9 ! example 9 date #ahjj 7illu/rat$1 p4 #hg74 ,! grease pans h become too dim9utive to be ( use1 b !re is suffici5t sugge/ion ( _! pres5ce left to di/urb ! f9e proportions ( ! urn above4 ,! flut$ bran*es h an add$ ornam5t :i* x is *>itable to believe 0 plac$ !re = practical reasons to give add$ /r5g? to ! bran*es1 b d5otes a wav]+ 9 design f exquisite1 unbrok5 curves4 ,ornate z ?is great c&elabrum is1 possess+ design c>ri$ out ) cunn+ te*nique1 !re are re/less elem5ts 9 its conception1 :i* m>k x z belong+ to a transition p]iod4 ,! ,v>ieties ( ! ,spiral ,=m4--,!re is some?+ peculi>ly int]e/+ 9 foll[+ ! v>iation ( spiral =ms 9 ! bran*$ c&elabra f ! e>ly days until at ! la/ !y sank into m$iocrity & became 9 ! la/ /ages little bett] ?an :at 0 aft]w>ds ! /&>d patt]n ( ! mid-,victorian gas bracket or gas *&eli]1 ) its mean+less bran*$ arms & its fulsom5ess ( m]etrici\s ornam5t1 a =m1 be x said1 actually copi$ by ! e>ly electricians till !y le>n$ bett] & walk$ s]5ely 9 ! pa?s ( old design4 ,x w\ld appe> t at fir/ ! spiral curl ( ! bran*$ c&elabrum 0 9 due subjection1 t is to say1 x 0 a well consid]$ "p ( a complete design4 ,x fell )9 ! f\r corn]s ( a set h>moni\s :ole4 ,x did n detract f ! :ole by any ecc5tricity1 nor did x attract especial att5tion except z a factor 9 an ensemble4 ,= in/ance1 take ?ree examples & exam9e !m m9utely4 ,! fir/ is on "o ( a pair1 9 date #agij 7illu/rat$1 p4 #ig74 ,! convolutions ( ! spirals are app>5tly intricate till "o m closely realizes t !y approximate to ! ,go?ic designs !n be+ promulgat$ by ,*ipp5dale4 ,! top loop =m+ a circle1 ! side loops =m+ simil> circles1 ! int]sections ( ^! & ! l[] arcs =m+ an angle ov] ! urn-ornam5t$ nozzle are little o!r ?an ! loops & angles =m+ ! trac]y ( a ,go?ic design :i* might ) little addition be ! leadwork ( a w9d[4 ,^! same designs may1 ) an obs]vant eye1 be trac$ 9 fanlights & doorways 9 ! suburbs ( ,london :]e ! middle & late eighte5? c5tury /yles /ill l+] 9 ! faades & 9 ! rail+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,c&elabrum4 ,) two lights3 hav+ bran*es ) int]lac$ spiral design z c5tral ornam5t4 ,date #agij4 7,by c\rtesy ( ,walt] ,h4 ,willson1 ,esq47 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,c&elabrum4 ,) two lights3 hav+ ,s-%ap$ bran*es int]lac+ at c5tre4 ,date #agij4 7,by c\rtesy ( ,walt] ,h4 ,willson1 ,esq47 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plate ,,c&elabrum4 ,two lights1 oval base1 removable nozzles1 flut$ lobes1 & s+le spiral bran*es4 ,date #agij4 7,by c\rtesy ( ,walt] ,h4 ,willson1 ,esq47 ,take ano!r example /ill 9 date ab\t #agij 7illu/rat$1 p4 #aja72 "h ! base is an urn & ! s+le-c&le /&>d =m no?+ v especially remov$ f a design v belov$ by ! brass turn]s ( a slightly lat] date4 ,b x is ! bran*$ =m :i* comm&s respect z a piece ( decorative ornam5t4 ,its ,c-%ape spirals int]lace at c5tre & =m a pleas+ ornam5t4 ,its simplicity & grace are at once app>5t4 ,x has ! practicability t x is n readily injur$ by ill-usage4 ,its we>+ p>ts are conf9$ to a n>r[ space4 ,among all ! spiral =ms !re is no?+1 h[ev] elaborate1 t excels ?is 9 grace4 ,x is almo/ honeysuckle l 9 conv5tional ornam5t4 ,we h se5 ! ironwork] sp9 su* retic5t spirals1 b 9 ! silv]smi?s' "w x is r>e to f9d ?is =m4 ,ano!r #agij design 7illu/rat$1 p4 #aja7 c>ries ! loops out 9 su* a mann] z to sugge/ an elongat$ urn4 ,! ovi=m int]section ( ! loops1 pla9 & =mal ?\gh !y appe> at fir/ glance1 d n come into su* a sev]e classic position by m]e accid5t4 ,! l[ dropp+ loops af=d j t contra/ & upw>d spr+ :i* make ! int]section1 & give x its maximum ornam5t z two b&s enclos+ a space1 :i* space is 9 itself a compon5t "p ( ! ornam5t to ! c&elabrum4 ,two f9e examples illu/rat$ 7pp4 #ajc1 #ajg7 exhibit respectively ! f9e use ( ! twi/$ =m 9 ! arms4 ,!y are bo? two-light c&elabra ) c5tral vase ornam5t4 ,9 ! =m] ) s+le loops ! vase is v prop]ly left ne>ly level ) ! apex ( ! arms4 ,?is w\ld h be5 a blemi% 9 ! o!r example illu/rat$ 7p4 #ajg71 :]e ! vase ornam5t is l>g] & c>ries (f ! /rong d\ble twi/$ design 9 ! arms4 ,?is example is orig9al 9 its treatm5t ( curves & c>ries ! idea to ! utmo/ limit4 ,beyond ?is ! ornam5t became disa/r\s & add$ a note ( ecc5tricity to o!rwise well-balanc$ designs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,c&elabrum4 ,two lights3 oval base1 acan?us leaf decoration 9 column4 ,d\ble spiral bran*es4 7,9 ! collection ( ,b4 ,b4 ,h>rison1 ,esq47 ,:5 ! loop w5t awry1 z x did1 x became an excresc5ce4 ,9 two examples ?is is %[n 9 v>y+ /ages ( decad5ce4 ,x is obvi\s t ! design] _h lo/ sight ( ! fact t ! curv$ loops c\ld s be manipulat$ z to become an integral "p ( ! design & contribute to its h>mony4 ,! same ?+ happ5s 9 reg>d to *air-backs4 ,x 0 "h t ,*ipp5dale prov$ himself a pr9ce ( design]s4 ,x 0 n s mu* :at he put 9 z :at he left out4 ,9 o!r words1 take a great design ( "o ( 8 sup]lative *air-backs & let ! eye trace ! spaces1 t is ! space =m1 try+ if possible to elim9ate ! concrete solid design4 ,! silh\ette ( ! outl9es ( ! spaces are really ! key to ! ju/ness & beauty ( ! design4 ,if "o c\ld remove ! mahogany portions ( an intricate c>v$ back & plac+ x aga9/ a black %eet reta9 ! beautiful outl9e ( ! spaces1 ! result1 example aft] example1 w\ld be a design book 9 itself z fasc9at+ z a book ( ,japanese /5cil plates4 ,9 ! example #agie1 ) ! ?ree lights 7illu/rat$1 p4 #aaa7 !re is little to qu>rel ) ! design except t ! long /em & wanton simplicity & lack ( grace sugge/ ! ca/ iron /&>d :i* effect is c>ri$ out by ! common place spiral lead+ to ! c5tral light1 :i*1 by reason ( its curves1 attracts an att5tion to itself :i* is unw>rant$ by any special beauty x possesses4 ,x is a blemi%4 ,x has no mean+ z a curve & x detracts f a simplicity :i* o!rwise ! c&elabrum might possess4 ,! o!r example illu/rat$ 7p4 #aaa7 has unmean+ spiral design utt]ly vitiat+ an o!rwise h>mless c&elabrum4 ,its spirals run riot & (f] no?+ pleas+4 ,!y /& z an attempt und\bt$ly orig9al on ! "p ( ! design] to produce some?+ effective z a novel design4 ,! /yle o!rwise ( ! c&le/ick does n sugge/ t ! craftsman _h a hold ^u s\nd design1 b we might pass t4 ,we are extremely ?ankful to "k t nobody seems to h cont9u$ ?is /yle4 ,9 all possibility1 by ! laws ( practical usage1 ! h\semaid plac$ h] v5geance on ! (f5d+ spiral arms ) no support & !y broke 9 halves4 ,! same s]vitor tea*es ! (f5d+ pott] a lesson :51 9 vessels int5d$ = ev]yday use1 he adds ornam5t t is unduly project+ 9 h&le or 9 sp\t4 ,!y pass into ! heap ( %>ds because common utility abhors useless ornam5t4 ,z a comp>ison ) o!r =ms ( bran*$ c&elabra & z exemplify+ ! complet$ ma/]y ! arti/ craftsman _h ov] 8 design & its execution1 two examples ( r>e =m & "* are illu/rat$ 7p4 #aac74 ,! two-light c&elabrum is ( unusual %ape1 ! /&>d be+ a full-bodi$ urn on :i* /&s ano!r urn4 ,bran*es issue f ! l[] urn & 9 _! int]sections =m beautiful curves ( pleas+ =m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,c&elabrum4 ,) ?ree lights3 hav+ c5tral bran* ) corkscrew spiral4 ,/&>d ( unusual =m4 ,date #agie4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,c&elabrum4 ,) two lights3 hav+ elongat$ spiral bran*es int]lac+ at c5tre4 ,date #agij-agie4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,c&le/ick4 ,on oval base1 ) /&>d 9 =m ( lyre4 ,?read$ oval cups & nozzles4 ,date #agie4 ,height #aj 94 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,c&elabrum4 ,) two lights3 hav+ ,s-%ap$ bran*es1 ) /&>d 9 =m ( vase surm\nt$ by ano!r vase ornam5t4 7,9 ! collection ( ,b4 ,b4 ,h>rison1 ,esq47 ,! s+le c&le/ick 7illu/rat$1 p4 #aac71 has ano!r adaptation ( curves 9 ornam5t4 ,! /&>d spr+s f a circul> base & is 9 ! =m ( a lyre :i* supports an urn-%ap$ nozzle4 ,?is =m und\bt$ly is d]ivative f ,fr5* s\rces4 ,we f9d x 9 ornam5ts to metal clock cases1 & x bespeaks ! ,%]aton p]iod 9 possess+ a grace & f9esse associat$ ) ! designs ( ,l\is ,seize t he acclimatiz$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! ,tri-,=m ,c&elabrum4--,! c&elabrum ) ?ree bran*es has be5 f\nd capable ( mu* v>iation 9 "*4 ,^! bran*es h _h ! advantage ( be+ able to con=m to conv5tional usages 9 reg>d to a triangul> con=mation & a trifid ornam5t4 ,x is a fav\rite device 9 art f ! lotus leaf ( ! ,buddhi/ emblems to ! fleur-de-lys4 ,! love ( a ?reefold ornam5t appeal$ to ! wood-c>v]1 & x is f\nd on sprigs decorat+ porcela94 ,! use ( ?ree balanc+ adjuncts 9 ornam5t is univ]sal1 ap>t f ! deep] or symbolical mean+ ( su* =ms4 ,9 ! example illu/rat$ 7p4 #aag71 9 date #ahje1 ! ?ree curv$ bran*es spr+ upw>ds & ! lights are all level4 ,?is =m is typical ( "s ( ! be/ ?ree-bran*$ c&elabra !n made4 ,x is solid & massive1 & has no false or ov]load$ ornam5t4 ,x is dignifi$ & impos+4 ,! o!r example1 9 date #ahaj1 illu/rat$ on ! same page1 betrays at once classic influ5ce4 ,! old models ( ,h]culaneum & ,pompeii _h be5 eag]ly refa%ion$ z some?+ new 9 ! ,fir/ ,fr5* ,empire4 ,! portrait ( ,madame ,rcami] by ,david %[s h] sitt+ on an empire settee ) a tall /&+ c&elabrum at its foot4 ,! c\* is a replica ( old ,roman /one =ms & ! c&elabrum is a duplicate ( a ,pompeian /yle on tripod feet4 ,! c&elabrum illu/rat$ has a /& consi/+ ( ?ree tap]+ legs re$$1 & end+ 9 claw feet4 ,?is supports an urn :i* 9 its turn supports ano!r1 :i* latt] c be us$ z a light4 ,f ! l[] urn proce$ ?ree bran*es1 spread out 9 triangul> mann]4 ,a lat] c&elabrum ) two arms & c5tre light1 illu/rat$ 7p4 #aba7 betrays e sign ( bad design4 ,! floral scroll "w is h>d & (f5sive4 ,! leaf & %ell ornam5t at base is equally unsatisfactory4 ,x 0 ?is =m t surviv$ z x came on ! ?re%old ( ! era ( illum9ation by coal-gas4 ,x 0 ab\t ?is date t ,sir ,walt] ,scott lit ,abbots=d by gas4 ,8 application ( gaslight to ! int]ior ( a dwell+ h\se 0 9 fact att5d$ by s _m inconv5i5ces1 says ,lockh>t 8 biograph]1 t ere long all 8 family he>tily wi%$ x _h nev] be5 ?\ght (4 ,! effect ( ! app>atus 0 at fir/ sup]b4 ,9 sitt+ d[n to table 9 autumn no "o obs]v$ t 9 ea* ( ?ree *&eli]s !re lurk$ a t9y bead ( r$ light4 ,d9n] pass$ (f1 & ! sun w5t d[n1 & sudd5ly at ! turn+ ( a screw1 ! room 0 fill$ ) a gu% ( spl5d\r wor?y ( ! palace ( ,aladd92 b z 9 ! case ( ,aladd91 ! old lamp w\ld h be5 bett] 9 ! up%ot4 ,jewelry sp>kl$1 b *eeks & lips look$ cold & wan 9 ?is fi]ce illum9ation2 & ! eye 0 we>i$ & ! br[ a*$ if ! sitt+ 0 at all protract$4 ,i confess1 h[ev]1 t my *ief enmity to ! :ole affair1 cont9ues ,lockh>t1 arises f my conviction t ,sir ,walt]'s own heal? 0 damag$ 9 8 latt] ye>s 9 consequ5ce ( 8 habitually work+ at night "u ! int5se & burn+ gl>e ( a broad /> ( gas4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,c&elabrum4 ,) ?ree lights3 hav+ spiral bran*es int]lac+ at c5tre4 ,circul> base t]m9at+ 9 vase ornam5t4 ,date #ahje4 7,by c\rtesy ( ,walt] ,h4 ,willson1 ,esq47 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,c&elabrum4 ,) f\r lights3 hav+ spiral bran*es on tripod column ) claw feet1 /&+ on hexagonal base4 ,date #ahaj4 7,by c\rtesy ( ,walt] ,h4 ,willson1 ,esq47 ,! ,*amb] ,c&le/ick4--,?is =m has _h a long survival & up to q a rec5t date1 be=e ! adoption ( electricity1 a r[ ( e>!nw>e c&le/icks =m$ "p ( ! appurt5ances ( ! hall or corridor ( any prov9cial hotel4 ,! illu/ration 7p4 #abc7 entitl$ ,s]5a1 f an engrav+ by ,j4 ,r4 ,smi? aft] ,romney's picture1 %[s a fair read]1 entranc$ 9 "s old _w romance1 illum9at$ by ! light ( a s+le c&le1 z injuri\s 9 its fa9t glimm] z 0 ! gl>e ( ! gas to ,sir ,walt] ,scott4 ,romney pa9t$ ,miss ,sneyd z ,s]5a at a date betwe5 #aggj & #agij4 ,! =m ( ! c&le/ick 9 ! pr9t1 x w be se51 diff]s some:at f ! ,%effield plate examples illu/rat$ on ! same page4 ,! example ) ! circul> nozzle & circul> base is 9 date ab\t #ahaj1 & ! two o!rs ) squ>e nozzles & squ>e bases are 9 date respectively #ahae & #ahbe4 ,!y are ornate 9 _! ornam5t1 & h silv] fill$ m\nts & edges4 ,! example ( ! late/ date is silv] gilt4 ,! ,evolution ( ! ,table ,c&le/ick4--,! table c&le/ick is ( long l9eage4 ,! ,%effield plat$ examples cov] ! la/ hundr$ ye>s ( ! exi/5ce ( ! c&le/ick z a means ( dome/ic light+4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod1 especially dur+ t portion f #agfe to #agij a brilliant procession ( f9e designs 9 silv]1 made "u ! direction ( highly inspir$ arti/-craftsm51 exhibits a flexibility ( ornam5t & a div]sity ( "* r>ely equall$ 9 ,engli% metal "w cov]+ s %ort a p]iod ( "t4 ,x embraces ! traditions ( ! ,que5 ,anne p]iod /ill reta9$ 9 ! types c>ri$ on 9 ! reign ( ,george ,,ii z robu/ z 7 ! designs 9 mahogany 9 ,*ipp5dale's e>ly mann] foll[+ ! broad] splats & swell+ l9es ( ! ,hog>?ian p]iod4 ,) ! ,adam influ5ce retic5t decoration em95tly fitt$ to grace & embelli% table ornam5t made its p]man5t impression on ! p]iod1 t9ctur$ ) incl9ations t[>ds fl[+ l9es--! ribbon decorations ( ! c>v$ wood *air-back1 or lat] ! subtle graces ( b\doir art reflect$ 9 ! designs ( ,?omas ,%]aton4 ,& ) ! /eady fl[ ( models ( table c&le/icks reflect+ ! exub]ance & native orig9ality ( a cr[d$ art-p]iod ! creations ( ! pott]s 7 runn+ concurr5tly 9 emulation ( silv]4 ,*elsea & ,b[ produc$ c&le/icks environ$ ) peasant maids & %eph]desses1 9 ! te*nique app]ta9+ to ! clay1 ri* 9 col\rs & pleas+ 9 effect4 ,w$gwood produc$ table c&le/icks 9 black & blue jasp] w>e ) cameo decorations 9 :ite1 or f9ely modell$ classic figures 9 basalt 9 :i* c&elabra 7 embodi$1 & runn+ ?r\gh ! p]iod are ! competitive creations ( table c&le/icks z an e*o ( silv] =ms by ! glass-work]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,c&elabrum4 ,) two arms & c5tre light4 ,arms curv$ & ornam5t$ ) floral scroll "w4 ,base pla91 ) circul> b& ( silv] leaf & %ell ornam5t4 ,height #bd 94 ,wid? #bd 94 ,date #ahbj4 7,at ! ,%effield ,public ,museum47 7,reproduc$ by p]mission ( ! ,corporation ( ,%effield47 ,illu/ration3 ,,s]5a4 7,f an old pr9t47 ,engrav$ by ,j4 ,r4 ,smi?1 aft] ,romney4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,*amb] ,,c&le/icks4 ,gilt3 silv]-fill$1 gadroon & %ell edges4 ,date #ahbe4 ,circul> base1 vase-%ap$ nozzle1 silv]-fill$ m\nts4 ,date #ahaj4 ,squ>e base1 ornate silv]-fill$ m\nts2 s+le plate4 ,date #ahae4 ,! s]ies ( illu/rations ( ! v>i\s types ( ,%effield plat$ table c&le/icks d little m ?an approximately indicate ! rapidly *ang+ /yles 9 a p]iod s ri*ly inv5tive 9 decorative ornam5t4 ,9 ! gr\p illu/rat$ 7p4 #abg7 ! example on ! left1 9 date #agfe1 is on a squ>e base ) clu/] columns & leaf capitals4 ,! example on ! "r is 9 date #aggj4 ,! base is r\nd4 ,x is "h t ! plat] has ex]cis$ 8 +5uity 9 f9e retic5t die "w1 & ! edg+ is delicately bead$4 ,! c&le/ick 9 ! c5tre has a squ>e base1 ) f9e batsw+ flut+1 & squ>e-%ap$ columns ornam5t$ ) classic m$allions4 ,! nozzle has a "* ( its own 9 hav+ a rim :i* is pi]c$4 ,! illu/rations 7p4 #abi7 %[ o!r =ms 9 process ( evolution4 ,! tall ,cor9?ian column made a h&some table ornam5t4 ,! example on left is "o ( a set ( f\r1 twelve & a half in*es high4 ,! bases are squ>e & are decorat$ 9 clev] die "w ) rosettes & fe/oons c>ri$ ar\nd ! pyramidal base4 ,?is type has clu/] columns t]m9at+ 9 capitals decorat$ ) =mal leaf design4 ,! adjac5t c&le/ick is a =m f\nd ab\t #agij4 ,! base is squ>e & flut$1 & ! column is 9 classic /yle t]m9at+ 9 a capital 9 ,ionic /yle1 ) volutes spr++ out ( twi/$ leaves & husks4 ,! ?ird example 9 ! upp] r[ is ab\t #agie 9 date4 ,! base is squ>e & foll[s ! same classic sugge/ions ( previ\s types4 ,! capital is squ>e & flut$1 & is decorat$ ) conv5tional floral ornam5t4 ,! nozzle is urn %ap$4 ,! ?ree l[] examples ( ! p]iod f #ahaj to #ahcj %[ signs ( debasem5t 9 =m4 ,! bases h n[ become circul>4 ,ea* c&le/ick has c]ta9 beauties 9 x1 little t\*es :i* invite respect & reg>d1 b ea* also conta9s blemi%es detract+ f ! exact symmetry :i* 0 ! "* ( ! e>li] types4 ,! floriate decoration z an ornam5t to ! l[] half ( ! column 9 ! fir/ example may be pass$4 ,9 ! second x has gr[n into an unpleas+ excresc5ce1 & ! base is decorat$ 9 a florid mann] di/urb+ to ! eye4 ,! la/ example has lo/ t f9e feel+ dep5d5t on ! easy fl[ ( simple l9e4 ,x is composite 9 "*1 x betrays a lack ( inspiration4 ,x is a v poor relation to ! f9e table c&le/icks ( ! e>li] p]iod1 :]e ! beauty w9s & fasc9ates4 ,!re is no su* grace & di/9ction 9 ^! late examples1 b !y d\btless reflect$ ! silv] fa%ions !n preval5t1 :i* 7 9 ! ma9 execrable 9 ta/e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,c&le/ick4 ,) brok5 flut$ column on squ>e base ) ball ornam5t4 ,nozzle ri*ly decorat$ ) acan?us leaf design4 ,date #agfe4 ,height #aj 94 7,by c\rtesy ( ,walt] ,h4 ,willson1 ,esq47 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,c&le/icks4 ,) squ>e base1 batsw+ flut+1 squ>e-%ap$ column ) m$allion1 & hav+ unusual nozzle ) pi]c$ gall]y4 ,date #agie4 ,height #ab 94 7,9 ! collection ( ,b4 ,b4 ,h>rison1 ,esq47 ,) circul> base1 column & nozzle flut$1 ornam5t$ ) bead edg+ at base1 column & nozzle4 ,date #aggj4 ,height #aj 94 7,9 ! collection ( ,b4 ,b4 ,h>rison1 ,esq47 ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,( ,,c&le/icks1 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$4 ,exhibit+ types & v>iation 9 /yle = fifty ye>s4 ,upp] ,r[-- #aghj4 ,brok5 flut$ column4 ,acan?us leaf decoration1 squ>e base1 m$allion & ribbon ornam5t4 #agij4 ,squ>e base1 brok5 flut$ column1 t]m9at+ 9 ,ionic capital4 #agie4 ,squ>e base1 tap]+ column flut$1 surm\nt$ by urn nozzle4 ,l[] ,r[-- #ahaj4 ,circul> base1 spiral flut+1 lobe decoration1 urn-%ap$ nozzle reta9$4 #ahbj4 ,circul> base1 ) bulb\s column heavily decorat$ ) floral scrolls4 #ahcj4 ,brok5 circul> base1 onion-%ap$ column1 bulb\s ornam5t4 ,,iv ,,salt ,,cell>s ,,& ,,mu/>d ,,pots ,,! ,,salt ,,cell>s ,,! ,,patt]n ,,books ,,( ,,%effield ,,! ,,new ,,/yle ,,( ,,table ,,salt ,,cell> ,,! ,,mu/>d ,,pot ,a ,,bid ,,= ,,! ,,cont95tal ,,trade ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,salt ,,cell>s ,,& ,,mu/>d ,,pots ,! salt cell>s--,! patt]n books ( ,%effield--,! new /yle ( table salt cell>--,! mu/>d pot--,a bid = ! ,cont95tal trade4 ,!re is no?+ s anci5t & s massive ab\t ! salt cell>s t ,%effield made z !re is 9 ! old /yles belov$ by ! collector ( r>e silv] plate4 ,!re are no /&+ salts 9 ,%effield plate1 su* z ^? treasur$ at ! ,univ]sities1 or br\ght out on /ate occasions at ! d9n]s ( ! great ,london ,companies4 ,!re is no?+ 9 ! eighte5? c5tury 9 silv] approa*+ ! gr&eur affect$ by ! /&+ salt & its place ( hon\r at ! tables :5 ^? :o sat above ! vessel & ^? :o sat bel[ x 7 ( diff]5t /atus4 ,! tr5*] salts ( a lat] day 7 m democratic2 !y 7 small] & !y answ]$ ! practical purpose ( s]v+ salt to ! d9]s4 ,b !y _h no?+ ( ! /atel9ess ( ! great /&+ salt ) its ritual z fix$ z t ( ! lov+ cup :i* circulat$1 al?\gh ! salt 0 a p]man5t fixture4 ,^? :o sat bel[ ! salt 7 ei!r ! ,greek *orus or !y 7 prepo/]\s %ad[s l5g!n+ 9 ! noon-tide ( "o's prosp]ity4 ,!y 7 poor relations1 a blot on y\r scut*eon1 a r5t 9 y\r g>m5t1 a dea?'s head at y\r banquet4 ,*>les ,lamb t\*es on ! late eighte5? c5tury phase ( ! dep5d5t bel[ ! salt4 ,he casually looke? 9 ab\t d9n]-"t--:5 ! table is full4 ,he (f]e? to g away see+ y h company--b is induc$ to /ay4 ,he fille? a *air1 & y\r visitor's two *ildr5 are accommodat$ at a side-table4444 ,he decl>e? aga9/ fi%1 ! turbot be+ small--yet suff]e? himself to be importun$ into a slice1 aga9/ 8 fir/ resolution4444 ,he is a puzzle to ! s]vants1 :o are fe>ful ( be+ too obsequi\s1 or n civil en\gh to him4 ,! gue/s ?9k !y h se5 him be=e4 ,he calle? y by y\r ,*ri/ian "n1 to imply t y\r o!r is ! same z 8 own4 ,he is too famili> by half1 yet y wi% he _h less diffid5ce4 ,) half ! famili>ity he might pass = a casual dep5d5t2 ) m boldness he w\ld be 9 no dang] ( be+ tak5 = :at he is4 ,he is too humble = a fri5d1 yet take? on him m /ate ?an befits a cli5t4 ,he is a worse gue/ ?an a c\ntry t5ant1 inasmu* z he br+e? up no r5t4 ,:5 ! company breaks up1 he pr(f]e? to g = a coa*--& lets ! s]vant g4 ,he recollects y\r gr&fa!r1 & w ?ru/ 9 "s mean & unimportant anecdote ( ! family4 ,he knew x :5 x 0 n q s fl\ri%+ z 'he is ble/ 9 see+ x n[4' ,he is ( op9ion t ! urn is ! m elegant %ape2 b aft] all1 !re 0 some?+ m com=table ab\t ! old tea kettle--:i* y mu/ rememb]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,designs ,,( ,,salt ,,cell>s4 ,f an old ,patt]n ,book issu$ by eighte5?-c5tury ,%effield plat]s to ,cont95tal m>kets4 ,! volume conta9s #hf full-page plates 9 copp] engrav+1 illu/rat+ v>i\s ,%effield plat$ articles4 ,date ab\t #aghd4 7,at ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 7,reproduc$ by p]mission ( ! ,bo>d ( ,education47 ,:at a picture1 graphic & piquant1 ( ! clos+ ye>s ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,_h ! great /&+ salt surviv$ h[ ,elia w\ld h revell$ 9 8 sly :imsical mann] 9 portray+ ! exactitude ) :i* x 0 fix$ z a !rmomet] to regi/] ! correctitude ( degrees ( social aff9ity ) ! ho/4 ,b ! scatt]$ plebeian tr5*] salts1 z 0 ! urn1 :i* succe$$ ! copp] kettle1 7 ( ! days :5 ,%effield & ! silv]smi?s ran neck & neck4 ,! ,patt]n ,books ( ,%effield4--,adv]tisem5t is (t5 consid]$ to be ( mod]n orig94 ,9 ! tw5tie? c5tury x is true x has tak5 to itself attributes :i* might v well h be5 elim9at$4 ,! press is ! f\r? e/ate1 & its p[] = good or evil is illimitable4 ,x is obnoxi\s to f9d a page ( adv]tisem5t pr9t$ on ! *eap edition ( a novel4 ,x is a /ab 9 ! vitals to read an insidi\sly word$ article c>efully pr9t$ 9 an ev5+ pap] & f9d x only an adv]tisem5t4 ,!re is a ,plimsoll m>k 9 adv]tis+1 & mod]nity has n always agre$ z to :]e ?is %\ld be plac$4 ,!re 7 adv]tisem5ts 9 ! j\rnals ( ! days ( ,*>les ,,ii4 ,9 ,anne's day 9 ! ,spectator we f9d on ,june #b1 #agab1 adv]tisem5ts conc]n+ a prep>ation = poli%+ & sett+ ,razors1 ,p5knives1 & ,lancets1 n to be p>allel$1 be+ mu* m durable & smoo?1 nev] gr[+ r\gh by us+1 b sett+ ,razors ) great] ,f95ess & ,exactitude ?an any o!r sort possibly c4 ,price #as4 ea*4 ,sold only by ,mr4 ,allcrafts1 a ,toy ,%op at ! ,blue-,coat ,boy aga9/ ! ,royal ,ex*ange 9 ,cornhill & ,mr4 ,pai%on1 a ,/ation] at ! ,maypole 9 ! ,/r&4 ,%effield goes back to #afbd1 :5 ! ,cutl]s ,company 0 incorporat$ by ,act ( ,p>liam5t4 ,cutl]y & tools 7 ! great features1 b lat] !re grew up a special bran* kn[n z /eel toys4 ,button-hooks1 corkscrews1 key r+s1 nut-crack]s1 swivels & spr+ hooks1 & _m o!r articles4 ,"h !n 0 ! f\ndation ( trade long e/abli%$ & trade cu/oms long 9 op]ation4 ,x is n !re=e surpris+ to f9d t :5 ! great impulse came ) factories & mills aris+ on e h& = roll+ plate & manipulat+ x into %apes acceptable to ! _w ( fa%ion1 t ,%effield rose to ! occasion4 ,h] catalogues1 beautifully engrav$ & co/ly to produce1 7 embelli%$ ) designs ( examples %e 0 prep>$ to export to ! ,cont95t4 ,f ^! ,patt]n ,books we get a v int]e/+ sidelight into ! intricacies ( ! bus9ess side ( ! und]tak+s :i* 7 evid5tly on colossal proportions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,designs ,,( ,,salt ,,cell>s4 ,f an old ,patt]n ,book issu$ by eighte5?-c5tury ,%effield plat]s to ,cont95tal m>kets4 ,( ! #hf copp] engrav$ plates1 _m 7 designs made by ,j4 ,p>sons ,co4 ,date ab\t #aghd4 7,at ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 7,reproduc$ by p]mission ( ! ,bo>d ( ,education47 ,9 ! exam9ation ( ! designs ea* by ea* x w be obs]v$ t z is usual 9 mod]n trade publications e v>iation is giv5 ( designs diff]+ f ea* o!r al?\gh 9 app>5tly unimportant details to ! public4 ,b ?is peep beh9d ! sc5es %[s h[ exact 7 ! trad]s 9 illu/rat+ su* diff]5ces 9 design4 ,! po9t arises z to :e!r ! ,%effield plat]s !mselves made ^! slight v>iations 9 design1 add+ "h a piece ( *as+ & !re a *a9 ( fe/oons1 ea* article hav+ ?is slight v>iation f its fell[1 or :e!r !y 7 actually foll[+ ! silv]smi?s' designs 9 silv] plate :]e simil> v>iations may h be5 made4 ,we d n "k4 ,x is a moot po9t4 ,if we _c f9d 9 silv]1 & examples h n always be5 f\nd to agree exactly ) ,%effield plate reproductions1 all t we "k ,%effield produc$ we are on ! horns ( a dilemma4 ,fir/1 "s ( ! silv] designs requir$ to indicate orig9als t ,%effield mu/ h copi$ are miss+ & mu/ h be5 de/roy$1 or1 secondly1 "s ( ! designs ( ,%effield _h no c\nt]p>t 9 silv]2 t is to say1 !y 7 orig9al designs made by ! ,%effield silv] plat]s z v>iations 7z ! illu/rations %[7 ( silv] models4 ,?is is an int]e/+ po9t1 & x has nev] be5 q cle>$ up1 z to :e!r all ,%effield plat$ "w c be mat*$ by hav+ examples ( solid silv] plate produc$ z prototypes f :i* su* models 7 tak54 ,until ?is is done sy/ematically x is n q c]ta9 :e!r ,%effield did or did n inv5t c]ta9 additions ( h] own 9 embelli%+ designs :i* orig9ally came f ! silv]smi?4 ,! presumption is t %e did2 broad g5]al designs z prototypes 7 us$1 b details 9 ornam5t & decoration & a s]ies ( m9or diff]5ces 7 made to suit ! te*nique or to (f] v>iety to cli5ts4 ,an exam9ation ( ! specim5s f ! old copp]-plate designs 7illu/rat$1 p4 #acg7 %[s h[ slight "s ( ! v>iations 9 *as+ 74 ,no4 #cch on ! top r[ on left is simil> to ,no4 #cdj 9 same r[ :i* latt] is m9us ! fe/oons4 ,no4 #cci has an upright m$allion & a c5tral b& ( *as$ loz5ge ornam5t4 ,no4 #ccg has ! same design 9 b&s top & bottom1 ! m$allion is sideways & !re are add$ panels ( ornam5t at side4 ,ano!r illu/ration 7p4 #ada7 %[s simil> m9ute v>iations :i* 7 (f]$ to ! trade4 ,no4 #dhf on ! left at ! top r[ is practically ! same z ,no4 #dhi1 on ! second r[ b5ea? :i* has floral *as+ add$1 & ! next example1 ,no4 #dij1 diff]s only inasmu* z x has a brok5 curv$ top4 ,! diff]5ces !re=e are only ^? f\nd 9 trade catalogues4 ,illu/ration3 ,,designs ,,( ,,mu/>d ,,pots4 ,f an old ,patt]n ,book issu$ by eighte5?-c5tury ,%effield plat]s to ,cont95tal m>kets1 by ,j4 ,p>sons ,co41 ab\t #aghd4 ,?is s]ies indicates ! m9ute diff]5ces ( detail 9 ornam5t ( exceptional int]e/ to collectors n[adays4 7,at ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 7,reproduc$ by p]mission ( ! ,bo>d ( ,education47 ,! ,new ,/yle ( ! ,table ,salt ,cell>4--,ap>t f ! days ( ! great /&+ salt ( ! late sev5te5? c5tury1 ! pott] foll[$ on at ,r\5 & at ,lambe? ) simulations 9 :ite w>e ( ^! creations ( ! silv]smi?4 ,9 ! days ( ,que5 ,anne & 9 ! reign ( ,george ,,ii ! tr5*] salt 0 ( m9or proportions & simple 9 design4 ,x _h no feet & x did n attempt to be ornam5tal 9 ! same degree t is obs]vable 9 lat] salts :]e ! decorative effect is beautiful & symmetrical & :]e !y foll[$ 9 succession all ! phases ( contempor>y ornam5t4 ,!y _h ho( feet1 claw & ball feet1 7 p]=at$ 9 _! designs1 7 oval or hexagonal 9 %ape1 adopt+ 9 turn ! classic fe/oons ( ! ,adam p]iod1 & ! godroon+ ( ! ture5 ( ! late ,george ,,iii massive /yle4 ,!y _h ?ree feet & !n f\r feet1 till !y f9ally dropp$ ! foot altoge!r4 ,:5 ,empire =ms 7 9 vogue !y are f\nd ) sph9xes or w+$ griffons & on tripod /&s1 & 9 ! decad5ce !y sunk to trivial designs z in>ti/ic z ! crude e>!nw>e butt] pan 9 ! dairy4 ,x is int]e/+ to ! collector ( old ,%effield plate to trace 8 designs & comp>e !m ) ! silv] hall-m>k$ specim5s ?r\gh\t ! p]iod f #aggj till #ahbj4 ,he w f9d t 9 ! ma9 ! ,%effield plat$ examples ( ! p]iod ab\t #aghe to #agie (f] examples 9 decorative /yle n surpass$ by any o!rs1 & he w also f9d t ! silv] plate ( t p>ticul> p]iod is n q s replete ) simil> designs z "o w\ld suppose1 tak+ x = grant$ t all ! designs ( ! plat]s 7 tak5 f ! prototypes f\nd 9 silv]4 ,! ,mu/>d ,pot4--,:at say y to a piece ( beef & mu/>d8 says ,%akespe>e 9 8 ,tam+ ( ! ,%rew1 :i* %[s ! use ( ?is condim5t at ! sixte5? c5tury ,engli% table1 ?\gh !re is no record ( mu/>d pots hav+ =m$ "p ( ! plate4 ,swift gave c]ta9 satiric directions to a s]vant h[ to snuff a c&le1 & he add$ fur!r injunctions1 ,/ick y\r c&le 9 a bottle1 a c(fee-cup or a mu/>d pot4 ,9 collect+1 ! mu/>d pot bur/s on ! horizon ab\t ! ye> #agfj4 ,fitt$ ) blue glass l9]s1 !y ran 9 triumphant progress ) ! sug> pails1 & cream pails1 ?r\gh a p]iod ( ?irty to ?irty-five ye>s1 (f]+ ! *oice/ specim5s ( cut & pi]c$ "w1 ) fe/oons & ) m$allions 9 classic /yle1 & decorat$ ) exquisite *as+4 ,illu/rations3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,mu/>d ,,pots4 #agge4 ,) b> pi]c+3 ,m$allions & fe/oons4 ,circul> base2 dome lid4 ,h&le ( =m us$ on flagons4 7,9 ! collection ( ,b4 ,b4 ,h>rison1 ,esq47 #aghe4 ,oval %ape4 ,h&le ) ,pr9ce ( ,wales's fea!rs z ?umb-piece4 ,m$allion /> pi]c$4 ,?read$ rim4 7,9 ! collection ( ,b4 ,b4 ,h>rison1 ,esq47 #aghe4 ,r\nd 9 %ape on collette foot2 scroll pi]c+4 ,circul> lid surm\nt$ by knob4 7,9 ! collection ( ,b4 ,b4 ,h>rison1 ,esq47 #agij4 ,vase %ap$ on collette foot4 ,bead edg+ & bead$ h&le4 ,/> pi]c+4 ,all ^! examples h blue glass l9]s4 7,9 ! collection ( ,b4 ,b4 ,h>rison1 ,esq47 ,illu/ration3 ,,designs ,,( ,,mu/>d ,,pots4 ,f an old ,patt]n ,book issu$ by eighte5?-c5tury ,%effield plat]s to ,cont95tal m>kets4 ,_m are by ,j4 ,p>sons ,co41 ab\t #aghd4 ,! f9e "* ( ! cut & pi]c$ ornam5t indicates ! arti/ic output ( t p]iod4 7,at ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 7,reproduc$ by p]mission ( ! ,bo>d ( ,education47 ,_! %apes v>i$ ) v>y+ fa%ions4 ,! illu/ration 7p4 #ade7 tak5 f an old ,design ,book by ,j4 ,p>sons & ,co4 ( ,%effield1 ab\t #aghd1 %[s ! type !n fa%ionable4 ,all ^! are ( oblong =m4 ,! lids spr+ up ) f9e cont\r & are *as$ ) v>i\s patt]ns1 all ( !m t]m9ate 9 an urn p$im5t1 foll[+ ! prevail+ note 9 decoration4 ,z 0 %[n ) salt cell>s 9 reg>d to ^! old patt]n books ! designs are only slight v>iations f ea* o!r1 diff]5tiat$ f ea* o!r by numb]s = trade reasons4 ,b ! diff]5ces are trifl+1 z w be se5 f ! illu/ration4 ,! middle examples on ! two r[s illu/rate ?is4 ,! same o/ri* fea!rs1 a simulation ( ! fleur-de-lys1 & lat] 9 ,hepple:ite mann] to be affiliat$ ) ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales's fea!rs z a p]man5t feature 9 design4 ,9 bo? examples ?is is a feature z a pi]c$ m$allion4 ,! floral fe/oons are ! same 9 bo? cases1 b ! only v>iation is ! *as+ 9 ! upp] & l[] b&s4 ,! o!r examples %[ simil> relation%ip4 ,dur+ ! p]iod ( classic design !re 0 a drum-%ap$ upright =m z is %[n 9 ! illu/ration 7p4 #adi7 ) h&le & lid1 by ! way1 :i* g to an e>li] p]iod4 ,! adjac5t example1 #aghe 9 date1 is oval1 l ! copp]-plate patt]n book examples illu/rat$1 b its "* is f9]4 ,! pi]c$ designs z 9 ! #agge example are ( a f9e quality4 ,! ?umb piece at ! h&le1 x may be not$1 goes back to sev5te5? c5tury days & is f\nd 9 flagons4 ,o!r drum =ms are %[n 9 ! illu/ration 7p4 #aea7 & ! same slight v>iations appe> 9 trade diff]5tiations 9 ?is copp]-plate catalogue ( examples ready = export4 ,"s ( ^!1 x w be notic$1 h flat lids & "o example has ! dome-%ap$ lid ( ! flagon ( e>li] days4 ,! tall urn-=m (f]s ano!r v>iety ( %ape4 ,x is "h %[n 9 ! engrav$ examples & x is fur!r exemplifi$ 9 two f9e examples 9 date #aghe & #agij1 illu/rat$ 7p4 #adi74 ,9 ! left h& specim5 ! pi]c$ "w exhibits an orig9ality & beauty 9 its curv$ p]=ations4 ,! o!r mu/>d pot has pi]c$ /> ornam5t & delicate bead$ decoration1 on body & h&le4 ,9 reg>d to ! h&les ( ^! urn mu/>d pots !re is a dep>ture f exact classic c\nt\r4 ,! illu/ration 7p4 #aea7 %[s ! h&les 9 f9e curve1 b sev]ely classic4 ,! practical examples h lo/ ?is sev]ity1 ! h&les are m ! h&les ( ! work+ silv]smi? ?an ! designs ( ! draw+ ma/]4 ,9 reg>d to ,%]aton's design books !re are simil> diff]5ces4 ,! practical craftsman did n always live up to ! ideal ( ! design]4 ,a page ( mu/>d pots illu/rat$ 7p4 #aee7 %[s ! div]sity ( ! /yles1 & collectors c comp>e _! ,%effield plate n only ) m>k$ examples ( silv] b ) designs t 7 issu$ f ,%effield 9 ! s]ies ( ,patt]n ,books :i* happily h n be5 de/roy$4 ,a page ( pepp] ca/ors illu/rat$ 7p4 #aee7 %[s simil> inv5tiv5ess 9 design & ornam5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,( ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,pepp] ,,ca/ors4 7,9 ! collection ( ,b4 ,b4 ,h>rison1 ,esq47 ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,( ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,mu/>d ,,pots4 7,9 ! collection ( ,b4 ,b4 ,h>rison1 ,esq47 ,a ,bid = ,cont95tal ,trade4--,! s]ies ( illu/rations reproduc$ ?r\gh\t ! volume %[ t ,%effield 0 organiz$ & fully equipp$ z an art indu/ry1 ready & compet5t to seize =eign m>kets4 ,to ^? :o imag9e t ! ,%effield silv] plat+ process 0 some?+ comp>atively trivial1 :olly imitative1 & m or less ( little mom5t 9 reckon+ ! eighte5? c5tury art indu/ries 9 ,engl&1 ?is %\ld come z a %ock4 ,we d n rememb] t ,worce/] or ,d]by1 ,*elsea or ,b[1 our mu* vaunt$ porcela9 factories1 ev] _h mu* relation%ip ) ! ,cont95t 9 ! way ( trade4 ,w$gwood did1 & ! o!r ,/af=d%ire pott]s did1 because !y 7 m organiz$ ?an ! porcela9 factories4 ,x is int]e/+1 !re=e1 to f9d t on ! ,cont95t a dem& _h aris5 = ,engli% metal "w4 ,! metalsmi?s on ! ,cont95t 7 by no means defici5t 9 orig9ality4 ,= c5turies 9 ,italy & 9 ,holl&1 9 ,g]many & 9 ,france1 "s ( ! f9e/ work]s 9 gold & silv]1 9 brass & iron1 arti/s 9 jewels & 9 enamel1 _h won a great r5[n4 ,x is some:at flatt]+ to f9d t ! =eign] saw1 :at p]haps 0 less recogniz$ 9 ! c\ntry ( its orig91 t ! "w ( ! ,%effield silv] plat]s /ood on a plane ap>t4 ,& _! flatt]+ att5tions 7 n only conf9$ to pur*as+ replicas ( f9e ,engli% silv]4 ,:e!r !y b\ght x z be+ useful f a trade po9t ( view to copy ,engli% silv] designs1 z a %ort cut to gett+ f9e models1 or :e!r !y lov$ x = its own sake z a *eap & z a beautiful reproduction ( f9e designs1 we _c det]m9e1 b !y did ! ,%effield plat]s ! hon\r ( copy+ _! te*nique & !re are "s f9e examples ( _! "w4 ,9 ,france1 plat$ w>e 9 ! ,%effield mann] 0 manufactur$4 ,we illu/rate a c(fee pot ( no mean design 7p4 #baa7 ( ,fr5* workman%ip1 & x is /at$ t 9 ,holl& & 9 ,russia simil> imitations ( ! ,%effield te*nique 7 made4 ,special m>ks 7 compulsory = ?is plat$ w>e 9 ! c\ntry ( its orig9 9 ord] to prev5t its sale z solid silv] plate4 ,two ,fr5* m>ks illu/rat$ 7p4 #bia7 %[ ! words ,d\bl 7copi$7 or ,plaqu 7plat$7 toge!r ) figures d5ot+ ! quantity ( ! silv]4 ,v ,,cake ,,baskets ,,decant] ,,/&s ,,or ,,coa/]s ,,di% ,,r+s ,,ink/&s ,,& ,,tap] ,,hold]s ,,*apt] ,v ,cake baskets--,decant] /&s or ,coa/]s--,di% r+s--,ink/&s & tap] hold]s4 ,z ! days wore on at ,%effield ! te*nique1 z collectors "k1 became amaz+ly p]fect4 ,! silv] wire foll[+ ! intricate outl9es ( a vessel disguis+ ! raw edges ( ! copp]1 0 us$ 9 a mann] unequall$ by ! craftsman 9 silv] plate because he _h no ne$ ( su* artifices to conceal 9 8 te*nique ! pov]ty ( ! base4 ,he 0 work+ 9 a solid metal :]e no base metal at e conceivable po9t ?ru/ itself into prom95ce4 ,he c\ld engrave deeply ) no possibility ( go+ too deep & betray+ ! %9+ copp]4 ,8 appli$ ornam5t 0 solid silv]1 & "h ! ,%effield plat] runs p>allel 9 reg>d to die "w & sold]+ p>ts toge!r4 ,b1 9 all1 ! ,%effield plat] 0 m skill$1 8 die "w is delicate & exhibits no noticeable trace z to its extrane\sness4 ,he may be comp>$ ) ! arti/ 9 v5e] ( ! same or an e>li] p]iod4 ,! p]fection ( appli$ v5e] & ! exquisite skill employ$ by ! cab9et-mak] 9 cov]+ oak ) f9e figur$ mahogany is unsurpass$4 ,v5e]s h 9 mod]n days be5 s skilfully made until !y are no ?ick] ?an a cig>ette pap]1 ! mod]n glue & ! mod]n processes h work$ on sci5tific l9es1 al?\gh 9 _m respects !y h n outrivall$ ! old work] 9 v5e]s4 ,simil>ly1 9 ,%effield plate1 ! great note ( exclamation1 surpris+ & wond]ful1 is at ! wire edg$ "w1 ! h&l+ ( dies 9 a subtle & delicate mann]1 & ! great result produc$ by a difficult te*nique4 ,/age by /age ! ,%effield plat]s increas$ _! facility = cunn+ h&icraft4 ,ma*9]y !y _h1 & clean-cut diff]5tiation ( task4 ,9 fact ! v>i\s bran*es soon became specializ$ 9 su* a great indu/ry4 ,!re 7 ! die s9k]s1 & ! workm5 :o fa%ion$ dies & ! workm5 :o fitt$ !m +5i\sly 9 position 7 o!rs ?an ^? :o sold]$ c&le/icks toge!r4 ,! c&le/ick mak]s became a sep>ate indu/ry4 ,pi]c+ & cutt+1 & ! designs = ?is craft1 soon became sep>ate & 7 c>ri$ to a great po9t ( p]fection4 ,*as+ z a craft & ! designs = *as+ z an art x may readily be believ$ =m$ ano!r sep>ate bran*4 ,f ! prep>ation & fus+ ( ! copp] & silv]1 ! roll+ ( ! +ot1 to ! lat] /ages ( arti/ic te*nique1 s great & ext5sive an art indu/ry sy/ematiz$ itself into compon5t work+ p>ts4 ,b ?r\gh x all runs l a silv] ?read ! int5sity ( ! magical work+ ( wire4 ,wire1 unhe$$ by ! tyro b belov$ by ! connoisseur1 conv]t$ copp] & silv]1 ) its too obvi\s copp] edge into solid plate to all appe>ance4 ,x duplicat$ all ) :i* ! silv]smi? c\ld end[ 8 plate & x repres5t$ toil & inf9ite pa9s1 ! g5ius ( ,%effield1 9 produc+ results :i* are unequall$ z t\rs de =ce 9 metal te*nique4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,cake ,,basket4 ,wov5 wirework ) gadroon bord]1 ) h&le 9 pla9 d\ble b&s & h+$4 ,date #ahjj4 7,at ! ,%effield ,public ,museum47 7,reproduc$ by p]mission ( ! ,corporation ( ,%effield47 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,cake ,,basket4 ,) circul> base3 hav+ wire body surm\nt$ by a broad lip heavily decorat$ ) floral ornam5t3 massive h&le ) h+es4 ,date #ahaj4 ,diamet] #i 94 ,base #d 94 7,at ! ,%effield ,public ,museum47 7,reproduc$ by p]mission ( ! ,corporation ( ,%effield47 ,cake ,baskets4--,! cake or bread basket (f]$ a f9e field = free manipulation ( ! %eet silv]1 = f9e pi]c$-"w1 or designs classic & sev]e1 or urn-%ap$ & massive4 ,all ^! are f\nd1 & ,%effield plate cake baskets are always s\ght aft] by collectors z (f]+ some?+ delectable 9 design & exquisite 9 detail4 ,! example illu/rat$ 7p4 #afc7 is composite 9 its te*nique4 ,! broad solid b& z a rim has pi]c$ ornam5t1 z has also ! foot4 ,! body ( ! basket is wire "w4 ,! h+$ h&le is a solid b&4 ,a f9e wov5 wire example1 9 date #ahjj1 has a gadroon bord]1 ) h&le ) d\ble b&s & h+$4 ,?is is 9 simple basket =m4 ,! wov5 wire foll[s ! te*nique or simulates ! "* ( a plait$ /raw basket1 j z ,w$gwood w>e baskets & di%es simulat$ ! plait$ & int]lac$ ru% baskets4 ,"o mu/ comp>e ,%effield plate ) ! silv] examples by ,edw>d ,rom] & ,william ,plumm] ab\t #agfj4 ,a lat] example1 9 date #ahaj1 illu/rat$ 7p4 #afc7 has a circul> base f :i* spr+s a wire body surm\nt$ by a broad lip or rim heavily decorat$ ) floral ornam5t1 & hav+ massive h&le ) h+es4 ,! t\*es ( extrane\s ornam5t indicate ! dep>ture f ! wire work]'s retic5ce & simplicity4 ,! design is debas$ f su* simplicity z is f\nd 9 pure wire "w by ^! add$ floral ornam5ts4 ,lightness & grace are ! keynotes 9 wire "w & "h !y are de/roy$ by ! unwant$ additions4 ,decant] ,/&s or ,coa/]s4--,?is is a great family4 ,at fir/ glance x w\ld n seem t !re 0 mu* room = v>iation 9 articles design$ = s simple an object z hold+ a bottle or a decant] & prev5t+ x /a9+ ! poli%$ mahogany table4 ,b an exam9ation ( v>i\s types %[s h[ inv5tive 0 ! ,%effield design] 9 produc+ orig9al %apes ( great div]sity ( "*4 ,9 reg>d to ornam5t !y receiv$ ! elaborate att5tion ( ! pi]c] :o all[$ 8 designs to atta9 a ri* quality only excell$ by ! di% r+s to :i* ref]5ce is made lat]4 ,!y 7 circul>1 !y _h brok5 tops ) fl[+ curves1 or !y 7 octagonal4 ,!y _h ri*ly gadroon$ edges or f9e bead-"w1 or 9 "s examples !y _h f\r h&les rem9isc5t ( decorative ornam5t ( an e>li] p]iod4 ,illu/rations3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,coa/]s4 ,f9ely *as$ & pi]c$4 ,?read$ & pla9 edges4 ,date ab\t #agij4 ,pi]c$ & *as$ ) bead edges & %ap$ top4 ,date ab\t #aghe4 ,f9ely pi]c$ 9 classic /yle ) bead edges4 ,date ab\t #aghe4 ,octagonal 9 %ape2 pi]c$ design ) /raight ?read edges4 ,date ab\t #agij4 7,9 ! collection ( ,b4 ,b4 ,h>rison1 ,esq47 ,! f\r examples illu/rat$ 7p4 #afg7 illu/rate types :i* 7 be+ made f #aghe to #agij4 ,!y are all f pairs1 & ea* exhibits repres5tative features4 ,! e>li] =m 0 n q s deep z is f\nd 9 lat] coa/]s4 ,9 lat] examples ! height is twice t ( ! e>lie/ type4 ,p]haps x 0 f\nd t bottles or decant]s 7 apt to fall ov] z ! ev5+ wore on1 b x is c]ta9 t ! protective gu>d became high]1 & "s ( ! talle/ c be us$ q com=tably n[adays to hold a syphon ( soda4 ,! elaborate pi]c$ floriate "w 9 ! #aghe ,coa/] 7p4 #afg7 is classical 9 "*1 & x has bead edges & /&s z an excell5t piece ( workman%ip4 ,! adjac5t example1 #agij1 is se5 to be tall] ?\gh /ill n s tall z 7 made at a lat] date1 9 ! decad5ce4 ,! pi]c$ "w is less effective & may be comp>$ ) "s ( ! designs on :at are kn[n z ,iri% di% r+s or potato r+s4 ,x has ?read$ & pla9 edges4 ,a dep>ture f ! circul> top is %[n 9 ! l[] example1 ( #aghe 9 date1 ) pi]c$ & *as$ "w ( rosettes & fe/oons4 ,its brok5 curv$ top rim is decorat$ ) bead edges4 ,! o!r octagonal %ap$ specim51 9 date #agij1 is pi]c$ 9 retic5t mann] correspond+ ) its geometric =m1 & has /raight ?read edges4 ,illu/rations3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,coa/]s4 ,) broad bead$ patt]n3 hav+ turn$ wood5 bottom ) silv] boss 9 c5tre4 ,date #ahaj4 ,diamet] #e 94 ,v]tically flut$3 ) m\ld$ bord] ( scroll design4 ,turn$ wood5 bottom ) plat$ boss 9 c5tre4 ,date #ahae4 ,diamet] #f 94 7,at ! ,%effield ,public ,museum47 7,by p]mission ( ! ,corporation ( ,%effield47 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,coa/]s4 ,circul> bases ) turn$ wood5 bottoms4 ,rims ) gadroon$ edges t]m9at+ 9 f\r rais$ scroll ornam5ts4 ,date #ahje4 7,9 ! collection ( ,g4 ,h4 ,wallis1 ,esq41 ,f4,s4,a47 ,at ! op5+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury new =ms came into vogue1 ! pair ( ,coa/]s illu/rat$ 7p4 #afi7 are ( an unusual design :]e f\r scrolls ornam5t ! rims4 ,^! scrolls h ! sugge/ion ( ,fr5* ,fir/ ,empire decorative "w f\nd 9 dome/ic ornam5t & embody+ bronze "w sph9xes1 griffons & o!r bold designs adapt$ rem9isc5t ( ,h]culaneum4 ,^! coa/]s h turn$ wood5 bottoms4 ,ano!r ,coa/] 7p4 #afi71 9 date #ahaj1 has a broad bead$ patt]n at edge & a turn$ wood5 bottom ) a silv] boss 9 ! c5tre4 ,?is p>ticul> /yle has become a fav\rite & has be5 duplicat$ indef9itely & is kn[n z famili>ly ! _w ov]4 ,9 ?is x resembles ! success ( ! will[ patt]n plate :i*1 z a piece ( pseudo-,*9ese design1 won ! admiration ( ! public 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 & has be5 made by all ! ,/af=d%ire pott]s almo/ z a /ock patt]n4 ,on ! same page is a lat] ,decant] ,/&1 ab\t #ahae 9 date1 hav+ a turn$ wood5 bottom ) silv] boss 9 c5tre4 ,x is v]tically flut$1 & has a heavy m\ld$ bord] ( scroll design4 ,x w be se5 h[ f> ?is example has dep>t$ f ! f9e "* ( ! types :i* 7 be+ made 9 ! great p]iod prior to #agij4 ,! love = ornam5t ran riot4 ,x 0 misplac$ & heavy m\ld+s & solid ornam5ts 7 add$ to articles t c\ld n /& su* mean+less exub]ances & c>efully execut$ details :i* *ok$ all natural simplicity ( l9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,coa/]s4 ,lip decorat$ ) scallop$ floral design4 ,turn$ wood5 bottom ) plat$ boss4 ,date #ahbj4 ,) m\ld$ edge & broadly flut$4 ,turn$ wood5 bottom ) plat$ boss4 ,date #ahje4 ,int]ior ( above4 ,diamet] #f 94 ,int]ior ( above4 ,diamet] #f 94 7,at ! ,%effield ,public ,museum47 7,reproduc$ by p]mission ( ! ,corporation ( ,%effield47 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,butt] ,,di%4 ,oval1 f9ely pi]c$1 hav+ *as$ lid surm\nt$ by p9eapple4 ,twi/$ wire h&les1 on f\r claw & ball feet4 ,blue glass l9]4 ,date ab\t #aghe4 7,9 ! collection ( ,b4 ,b4 ,h>rison1 ,esq47 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,silv] ,,plat$ ,,di% ,,r+4 ,pi]c$ ornam5t ( floral design & scrolls4 ,date #agge4 ,made 9 imitation ( ,iri% silv] ,di% or ,potato ,r+s4 7,9 ! collection ( ,b4 ,b4 ,h>rison1 ,esq47 ,re/lessness ( inv5tion seiz$ ! ,%effield & o!r plat]s4 ,old =ms 7 disc>d$1 n because !y _h outliv$ _! usefulness1 b because fa%ion dem&$ or appe>$ to dem& some?+ new4 ,! decant] /& began to h its lip spread out m l a di% ?an l ! e>ly =m ( coa/]4 ,"s 7 decorat$ lavi%ly ) scallop$ floral design z 9 ! example illu/rat$ 7p4 #agc71 9 date #ahbj4 ,an illu/ration ( ! vessel upturn$ %[s ! cr[d$ "* ( ! design4 ,! wood5 turn$ base has ! usual silv] /ud or boss 9 c5tre4 ,! adjac5t example1 fifte5 ye>s e>li]1 %[s a f9ely m\ld$ edge broadly flut$4 ,! "* ( ?is example is n op5 to any criticism z to ov] lavi%ness ( ornam5t4 ,x is true x exhibits a new] /yle1 b x holds its own z a f9e & comp>atively retic5t piece ( design4 ,! ,di% or ,potato ,r+4--,! ,iri% silv]smi?s 7 p>ticul>ly +5i\s 9 _! pi]c$ "w4 ,w ,hughes at ,dubl9 ab\t #aggj made "s int]e/+ pieces reflect+ ! sane/ art4 ,!re 0 always a dignity & grace 9 ! decoration :i* 0 /rongly classical 9 its l9es1 embody+ m$allions & rosettes & fe/oons ( drap]y4 ,! ,di% ,r+ or ,potato ,r+ is a =m peculi> to ,irel&4 ,x 0 only made = a comp>atively %ort p]iod1 & has be5 reviv$ aga9 z a mod]n memory ( old fa%ions1 ?\gh its use is n q und]/ood n[adays4 ,^! r+s are /&s ^u :i* b[ls 7 plac$ to prev5t ! hot vessel f injur+ ! surface ( ! mahogany table4 ,!y are also believ$ to h support$ wood5 b[ls conta9+ potatoes4 ,g5u9e ,iri% examples are always circul>4 ,b[l & di% 7 synonym\s t]ms 9 ! late eighte5? & e>ly n9ete5? c5turies1 h5ce probably ! t]m ,di% ,r+4 ,!y 7 made z e>ly z #agfj4 ,!re is a m>k$ example ) ! ,dubl9 hall m>k = t ye>1 toge!r ) ! mak]'s m>k1 ,rob]t ,cald]wood4 ,l>ge prices h be5 paid = examples ( old ,iri% silv] di% r+s4 #abi 0 giv5 = an example hall-m>k$ #ageg1 & o!r prices range f #ej to z high z #bej2 9 view ( _! slight weight ?is works out 9 "s in/ances at two hundr$ & ?irty %ill+s p] oz4 ,examples ( ,iri% "w are sometimes app>5tly simple1 b hav+ su* c>eful te*nique & skilful manipulation ( ! design z to give ! greate/ opportunity = ! effective play ( light & %ade & silh\ette4 ,ano!r =m m intricate embrac$ ! use ( birds & fl[]s & m9iature pa/oral sc5es emboss$1 :ile a m simple =m yet capable ( f9e "* 0 t :i* conf9$ itself to basket "w ) r\nd or flat wire int]lac$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,designs ,,( ,,ink/&s4 ,f ,patt]n ,book ( eighte5?-c5tury ,%effield plat]s' "w2 issu$ by ,j4 ,p>sons ,co4 ab\t #agib4 ,! left-h& examples ) p]=at$ lid are p\nce boxes4 ,! l[] /& is pric$ at #cjs41 ! o!rs at #bas4 ea* ca%1 & ! book is sign$ ,jno4 ,gre51 escompte #cj4 7,at ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 7,reproduc$ by p]mission ( ! ,bo>d ( ,education47 ,x is natural !re=e t ! ,%effield silv] work]s saw 9 ! ,iri% di% r+ a design wor?y ( imitation2 & imitate x !y did4 ,9 consequ5ce a great numb] ( plat$ replicas 7 export$ to ,irel&4 ,!y h an int]e/1 & ! example illu/rat$ 7p4 #age7 %[s ! class ( "w ! ,%effield craftsm5 turn$ out 9 emulation ( _! ,iri% silv] prototypes4 ,x is an ord9>y pi]c$ design embelli%$ ) fe/oons4 ,"s ( ! ,%effield examples 7 f9ely pi]c$ & *as$ 9 a mann] no less p]fect ?an ! same class ( "w "o f9ds on ! sug> pails1 ! mu/>d pots1 & ! salt cell>s ( ! be/ p]iod4 ,! ,butt] ,di% illu/rat$ 7p4 #age7 fully exemplifies ?is type ( "w at its be/4 ,x is oval & f9ely pi]c$ ) an unusual design giv+ 9 silh\ette ! effect ( diap] ornam5t4 ,x is on f\r ball & claw feet1 & ! lid is *as$ & is surm\nt$ by a p9eapple4 ,! h&les are twi/$4 ,^! vessels1 l ! o!rs enum]at$ above ) pi]c$ "w1 are furni%$ ) blue glass l9]s1 & ^! collectors are =tunate :o f9d b>ga9s ) ! orig9al glass l9]s4 ,ink/&s & ,tap] ,hold]s4--,! old ,%effield plat$ ink/& is belov$ by collectors4 ,! oval tray 0 always an elegant piece ( "w1 ei!r pi]c$ ) f9e runn+ design ov] an ext5d$ surface z bord] top & bottom & (t5 *as$ ) m$allions4 ,! ?ree examples illu/rat$ 7p4 #agi7 are f an eighte5? c5tury ,patt]n ,book issu$ 9 #agib by ,messrs4 ,j4 ,p>sons ,co4 ( ,%effield4 ,writt5 9 ink on ! fir/ page = in=mation ( cont95tal buy]s is ,jn4 ,gre5 escompte #cj4 ,gre5 0 "o ( ! p>tn]s ( ! firm4 ,?is little book 9 pap] cov]s has no less ?an eighty-f\r copp] plate engrav+s1 & = ! delectation ( ! lat] collector ! prices are writt5 9 ink ?r\gh\t4 ,! prices ( ! examples illu/rat$ are #bas4 ,ea* ! two top ones1 & #cjs4 ,ea* ! l[] example4 ,x w be se5 t ! latt] has ?ree pots4 ,! p\nce pot 0 always a necess>y portion to ! old ink/&1 be+ us$ z a sift] 9 ! days be=e blott+ pap] 0 inv5t$4 ,f9e s& 0 du/$ ov] ! writ+4 ,x w\ld appe> t ! p\nce pot ) its p]=at$ lid is on ! left 9 all ! ?ree examples4 ,! c5tre pot 9 ! l[e/ ink/& 0 additional1 ?\gh n z "o might at fir/ assume = a diff]5t col\r$ ink z ! lid has n ! same cov] z ^? = ink ) a t9y hole 9 c5tre4 ,x 0 app>5tly a receptacle = "s ( ! appurt5ances ( ! writ+ table1 c]ta9ly n p5s1 = /eel nibs 7 n !n inv5t$1 & e "o wrote ) a quill p5 :i* he c\ld %>p5 ) a p5knife4 ,n[adays ! art ( cutt+ a quill by h& is "o ( ! lo/ arts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,designs ,,( ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,tap] ,,hold]s4 ,f ,patt]n ,book issu$ by ,r4 ,c4 ,co4 7,rob]t ,cadman ,co47 ab\t #agig to ,cont95tal m>kets4 ,! book conta9s #gj :ole-page copp] plate illu/rations1 & "s ( ! descriptions are 9 ,fr5* z well z ,engli%4 ,! above ,hold]s are pric$ at #ags41 #bds41 & #ads4 7,at ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 7,reproduc$ by p]mission ( ! ,bo>d ( ,education47 ,an illu/ration f a ,design ,book issu$ by ,rob]t ,cadman & ,co4 ( ,%effield ab\t #agig gives ?ree examples ( ,tap] ,hold]s 7p4 #ahc74 ,! nozzle at ! top %[s ! t9y light f ! coil$ wax tap]4 ,! apex ( ! /& really consi/s ( a m9iature c&le/ick4 ,two ( ! /&s1 z w be se51 h ! h&les & ?umb pieces at ! bottom4 ,!y are all ( v>y+ =m2 t on ! left has a canopy cov]+ ! coil$ tap]1 t 9 ! c5tre encloses ! tap] 9 a wire cage1 :ile ! example on ! left is ! simple/ 9 con/ruction & enables u to see h[ ! tap] z x burn$ 0 ?ru/ upw>ds to ! ap]ture at ! top4 ,all ?ree h ext+ui%]s atta*$ by a *a94 ,"s ( ! descriptions 9 ! book f :i* ^! designs are reproduc$ are 9 ,fr5* z well z ,engli%1 z x 0 int5d$ = use 9 ! ,cont95tal m>kets4 ,,vi ,,teapots ,,tea ,,& ,,c(fee ,,sets ,,tea ,,kettles ,,c(fee ,,pots ,,sug> ,,bas9s ,,*apt] ,,vi ,teapots--,tea & c(fee sets--,tea kettles--,c(fee pots--,sug> bas9s4 ,! eighte5? c5tury ( ! days ( ,hog>?1 ) 8 ,g9 ,lane & ,be] ,/reet & ) 8 satiric p5cil reflect+ ! follies ( 8 day is fill$ to repletion ) eat+ & dr9k+1 especially ! latt]4 ,dur+ ! lat] ye>s ( ,george ,,ii !re _h be5 go+ on a vigor\s prote/ betwe5 two p>ties z to ! relative effects ( be] dr9k+ & g9 dr9k+4 ,9 #ageb appe>$ a pr9t ( ! ,fun]al ,procession ( ,madame ,g5eva4 ,a song 0 v popul> 9 #ageg "u ! title ( ! ,be]-,dr9k+ ,briton4 ,"o c\plet w suffice to indicate its "*3 ,= y\r beef eat+1 be]-dr9k+ ,britons are s\ls ,:o w %$ _! la/ blood = _! c\ntry & k+4 ,9 #ageh1 ow+ to ! sc>city ( corn1 a bill 0 pass$ = ! prohibition ( ! di/illation ( spirits4 ,porson wrote a s]ies ( epigrams 9 ! ,morn+ ,*ronicle ab\t ,pitt & ,dundas go+ drunk to ! ,h\se ( ,commons on ! ev5+ :5 a message 0 to be deliv]$ f 8 ,maje/y relative to w> ) ,france4 ,pitt1 :o tri$ to speak1 f\nd himself unable to d s1 & 0 k9dly pull$ d[n to 8 seat by 8 fri5ds4 ,:o's up8 enquir$ ,burke ( a fri5d at ! door4 ,oh6 no "o1 says ,%]ry1 ?\gh ,pitt's on ! floor4 ,%]idan1 ! mak] ( ! quip1 & ,porson1 ! ,greek s*ol>1 toge!r make up a f9e qu>tet z exemplify+ ! ,bac*analian habits ( _! day4 ,z to ! vessels us$ 9 _s dr9k+ & 9 w9e dr9k+ ,%effield contribut$ h] %>e4 ,! pun* b[l m (t5 ?an n 0 ( ori5tal porcela91 b ! f9ely %ap$ montei?s1 :]e ! scallop$ rim all[$ ( a r[ ( glasses be+ hung ar\nd 7 made z e>ly z #agjj by ,an?ony ,nelme1 by ,fogelb]g 9 #agja1 & _m ano!r great silv]smi?4 ,!y cont9u$ to ! middle & latt] ye>s ( ! c5tury1 & 9 ,%effield plate !re are "s v excell5t examples1 & !re are pun* b[ls ) designs simulat+ ^? 9 ! ,flaxman mann] execut$ by ! silv]smi?4 ,ice pails ) lion mask h&les1 & a glori\s array ( w9e cool]s1 urns 9 ! classic /yle simple & retic5t1 or vases ) ri*ly godroon$ rims & massive h&les1 su* z ,rob]ts & ,cadman made 9 #ahae2 all ^! 7 f\nd on ! sidebo>d receiv+ ! att5tion ( ! butl]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,design ,,( ,,teapot4 ,f ,patt]n ,book issu$ by eighte5?-c5tury ,%effield plat]s to ,cont95tal m>kets4 ,! signature ,jno4 ,gre51 #agib1 a p>tn] ( ,j4 ,p>sons ,co41 indicates its orig94 ,teapots hold+ #a p9ts 7 pric$ at #djs4 ea*1 & qu>ts #dfs4 ea*4 ,! m$allion enclos$ by wrea? & ribbon appli$ ornam5t1 0 probably silv]1 to enable a cre/ or monogram to be cut )\t expos+ copp]4 7,at ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 7,reproduc$ by p]mission ( ! ,bo>d ( ,education47 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,teapot ,,& ,,tea ,,caddies4 ,teapot1 ) silv] m$allion & engrav$ initials4 ,date #agie4 ,caddies f9ely *as$ & hav+ locks4 7,9 ! collection ( ,b4 ,b4 ,h>rison1 ,esq47 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,cake ,,basket4 ,pla9 b&-h+$ h&le4 ,pi]c$ "w at foot & %\ld]4 ,%ap$ & flut$ body4 7,9 ! collection ( ,b4 ,b4 ,h>rison1 ,esq47 ,b ! teapot & ! c(fee pot did n g unrecogniz$ by ! ,%effield artisans4 ,:at ! silv]smi? did ! plat]s did1 & foll[$ ! fa%ions 9 rapid simulation ( /yles j cat*+ ! public ta/e4 ,9 det]m9+ date ?is mu/ be borne 9 m9d4 ,at mo/ ! silv] plate 0 only a ye> ahead ( ! replica4 ,%effield 0 too al]t to lag beh9d 9 fa%ion1 especially 9 fa%ions :i* might readily *ange4 ,9 eighte5? c5tury polemics we f9d oppon5ts to tea & to c(fee4 ,jonas ,hanway1 ! ea/]n travell]1 :o popul>iz$ ! use ( ! umbrella 9 ,engl&1 0 antagoni/ic to ! use ( tea z a national bev]age4 ,& epigram writ]s 7 busy1 z = in/ance3 ,if w9e be a poison1 s is tea--b 9 ano!r %ape1-- ,:at matt] :e!r we are kill'd by cani/] or grape4 ,! illu/ration 7p4 #aia7 %[s ! class ( teapot made ab\t #agij4 ,! price1 :i* is writt5 9 ink1 is #a ,p9ts #djs4 & ,qu>t1 #dfs4 ,ea*4 ,^! prices mu/ seem delightful to ! lov] & collector ( old ,%effield plate n[adays :o has to pay sw++ prices1 especially :5 we read t ! old trade prices 7 subject to ?irty p] c5t4 disc\nt4 ,b x is ! same ) old ,worce/] *9a1 :]e ! orig9al prices 7 a t5? ( :at is paid n[4 ,an int]e/+ feature ab\t ?is teapot illu/rat$ is t x %[s ! fusion ( ! classic design 9 ! wrea? & ! ,*ipp5dale mann] 9 ! ribbon ornam5t1 :i* latt] /yle f9ds its way into bookplates ( ! p]iod4 ,! ,fr5* s*ool ( engrav]s ( ! ,l\is ,seize p]iod embelli%$ _! oval portraits ) ribbon ornam5t 9 ?is "*4 ,^! m$allions int5d$ to receive ! cre/ ( ! own] 7 ( silv]4 ,! ,%effield plat] affix$ !m 9 position 9 a cunn+ mann] ) no unskilful t\*4 ,!y 7 capable ( receiv+ deeply cut engrav+ )\t exhibit+ ! copp] und]nea?4 ,!y are a feature pres5t 9 _m examples n only ( teapots b _m o!r articles made 9 plat$ w>e4 ,a simil> teapot to ! design 9 ! ,patt]n ,book is illu/rat$ 7p4 #aic74 ,! ,patt]n ,book be>s ! "n ,jn4 ,gre5 #agib1 & z he 0 a p>tn] 9 ,j4 ,p>sons ,co4 !re is "s likelihood t ?is is "o ( _! productions4 ,on ! same page are two ,tea ,caddies1 oval 9 %ape1 ) brok5 outl9e1 9 ! same fa%ion z silv] tea caddies made ab\t #aghe1 & hav+ ! *>act]i/ics ( ! ,%]aton delicacies 9 cab9et "w4 ,! lid ( "o is surm\nt$ by a r\nd knob & ! o!r by a h+$ h&le4 ,!y bo? h locks4 ,! *as+ is 9 classical mann]1 n s sev]e z t ( ! ,adam p]iod1 b /ill reta9+ mu* ( ! =mal grace ( ! fe/oons4 ,! cake basket %[n on ! same page is contempor>y1 ?\gh x indicates a dep>ture f classic feel+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,teapot1 ,,sug> ,,bas91 ,,& ,,cream ,,jug4 ,date #ahaj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,c(fee ,,pot1 ,,teapot1 ,,sug> ,,bas91 ,,& ,,cream ,,jug ,,on ,,tray4 ,date #ahbj4 ,f\r-piece sets 7 made aft] ?is4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,set4 ,date #ahbe4 7,by c\rtesy ( ,walt] ,h4 ,willson1 ,esq47 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,set ,,) ,,tray4 ,date #ahcj4 7,by c\rtesy ( ,walt] ,h4 ,willson1 ,esq47 ,! e>lie/ tea caddies came f ,*9a & 7 decorat$ 9 blue & :ite4 ,worce/] produc$ f9e examples1 "s 9 p[d] blue4 ,:ieldon made & dat$ o!rs ,gre5 ,tea1 #agfe4 ,w$gwood _h 8 squ>e cani/]s 9 black basalt w>e4 ,liv]pool pr9t$ da9ty transf] pictures on ^! da9ty caskets4 ,!y are f\nd enamell$ by ,batt]sea 9 ri* col\rs4 ,!y are f\nd 9 pewt] & !y are f\nd 9 glass4 ,bri/ol produc$ :ite opaque bottles inscrib$ ,hyson & ,bohea1 & !re are squ>e cut-glass caddies ) silv] m\nts & h&les1 & 9 ,holl& ! old ,delft examples came ) ! e>ly days ( tea dr9k+4 ,! cab9et-mak]s1 ,*ipp5dale & ,hepple:ite & ,%]aton1 %[ tea caddies 9 _! ,design ,books & !y 7 spl5did pieces ( "w 9 mahogany & sat9wood ) ivory & col\r$ m>quetry4 ,_m ( ! little caddy spoons ( su* pleas+ v>iety ( %ape 7 made to g ) ^! tea caddies1 & 7 produc$ at ,%effield z well z 9 solid silv]4 ,tea & ,c(fee ,sets4--,x 0 n until ab\t #ahbj to #ahbe t tea sets 7 produc$ ) teapot1 cream jug1 & sug> bas9 z well z ! c(fee pot4 ,! set illu/rat$ 7p4 #aig71 ab\t #ahaj 9 date1 %[s ?is omission4 ,lat] 9 #ahbj1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration bel[1 ! c(fee pot became "p ( ! set2 & 9 ! illu/ration ( ! sets x is cle>ly se5 t ! /yles ( ! c(fee pots are 9 keep+ ) ! re/ ( ! set & h n be5 mat*$ or add$ lat]4 ,! f\r-piece sets became a common feature aft] ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 & "s ( ^! are ( pleas+ "*4 ,two sets1 #ahbe & #ahcj 9 date1 are illu/rat$ 7p4 #aii74 ,) ^! 7 accompany+ trays ( solid manufacture & ab\t ?is date !y 7 v heavy & ri*ly ornam5t$ by die "w ) appliqu %ell patt]ns & foliage at ! rims4 ,!y only emulat$ ! v solid silv] ( ! late ,georgian era :5 silv] 0 sold by weight by ! deal]s & s mu* add$ = fa%ion1 t is1 fa%ion+ x4 ,?is latt] item 9 massive pieces 0 a comp>atively insignificant sum comp>$ ) ! total co/1 :i* provok$ ! eighte5? c5tury epigram3 ,:5 ,loveless m>ri$ ,lady ,j5ny1 ,^: beauty 0 ! ready p5ny2 ,i *ose h]1 said he1 l old plate1 ,n = ! fa%ion b ! weight4 ,! tea urn (f]$ f9e opportunities = ri* design & spl5d\r ( ornam5t4 ,x 0 9 vogue 9 ! op5+ ye>s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury & _h a fairly long life4 ,n[adays x is relegat$ to ! lumb]-room1 or1 if ! ho/ess be a collector1 x is dragg$ =? f its obscurity to grace ! display ( family plate4 ,! example illu/rat$ 7p4 #bjc7 is on an octagonal /& ) claw feet4 ,x belongs to ! same p]iod & has ! same ornam5t at ! base z ! c&elabrum illu/rat$ 7p4 #ic7 %[+ ,fir/ ,empire influ5ce d]ivative f ,pompeii4 ,! :ole piece is ri*ly decorat$ 9 floriate /yle4 ,patrick ,rob]tson ( ,ed9burgh produc$ tea urns 9 silv] "u ! same influ5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,tea ,,urn ,,) ,,cov]4 ,circul> base1 to :i* is atta*$ an octagonal /& on claw feet4 ,ri*ly decorat$ rims 9 floriate /yle4 ,date #ahaj4 7,at ! ,%effield ,public ,museum47 7,reproduc$ by p]mission ( ! ,corporation ( ,%effield47 ,tea ,kettles4--,!re is some?+ especially fasc9at+ ab\t ^! old vessels4 ,z e>ly z ,que5 ,anne1 tea kettles ) a little _s lamp b5ea? 7 9 use4 ,"o hall-m>k$ = ! ye> #agji made by ,n4 ,locke sold 9 #aiji = #bdc1 be+ two hundr$ %ill+s p] oz4 ,paul ,lam]ie made "s f9e examples j :5 ,?omas ,b\lsov] 0 laun*+ 8 inv5tion at ,%effield4 ,x is n surpris+ to f9d ! ,%effield kettles appeal+ to connoisseurs because _m ( !m are possess$ ( beautiful ornam5t1 & ! die "w is exceptionally p]fect4 ,ev5 9 late examples ! arti/ic possibilities ( s graceful a vessel h n be5 miss$4 ,!y are usually t]m$ tea kettles1 & !re is no d\bt t s9ce ! days :5 ,que5 ,anne drank tea 9 ! ,orang]y at ,k5s+ton ,palace & ,dr4 ,johnson grac$ ! tea table ( ,mrs4 ,?rale1 ^! vessels 7 "p ( ! tea table equipm5t4 ,b !re is reason to suppose t !y also bore a brave "p 9 prep>+ ! hot wat] = toddy & = pun*4 ,b 9 any case !y hold a firm hold on ! collector's e/eem & reg>d1 :e!r he be z au/]e z ,fa!r ,ma!w1 :o tilt$ a lance at spiritu\s cordials1 spic$ & unctu\s1 :i*1 l g+]1 7 hot 9 ! m\?1 or :e!r he be z convivial z ,fa!r ,pr\t1 ^: ,bac*analian songs belong to ! days ( ,brang]4 ,! examples illu/rat$ 7p4 #bjg7 ea* h pleas+ qualities to attract att5tion4 ,! upp] "o1 9 date ab\t #ahje1 has a f9e body4 ,its cov] is surm\nt$ ) a twi/$ flame ornam5t su* z is f\nd 9 c&elabra4 ,! ornam5tal /& is rococo1 almo/ rem9isc5t ( ! p]iod ( ,l\is ,qu9ze4 ,b ! :ole effect1 ?\gh ornate1 is v pleas+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,tea ,,kettles4 ,) _s lamp on /&1 ) floral scroll ornam5t4 ,oval body2 curv$ & loop$ h&le2 lid surm\nt$ by conv5tional tongue ( flame4 ,date #ahje4 7,by c\rtesy ( ,walt] ,h4 ,willson1 ,esq47 ,) _s lamp on /&1 ) rococo ornam5t4 ,melon-%ap$ body2 h+$ h&le2 dome-%ap$ lid1 surm\nt$ by bell fl[]4 ,date #ahbj4 7,9 ! collection ( ,b4 ,b4 ,h>rison1 ,esq47 ,! l[] example1 9 date #ahbj1 ! la/ ye> ( ! reign ( ,george ,,iii1 has a melon-%ap$ body1 & ! h&le is h+$4 ,! base exhibits rococo ornam5t 9 ,*ipp5dale mann]1 sugge/+ c]ta9 designs 9 8 ,director :i* 7 too ornate to be c>ri$ out4 ,!y 7 only designs z sugge/ions r ?an work+ draw+s4 ,b x sugge/s1 too1 curi\sly en\gh1 c]ta9 =ms ( ! wat*-/& !n fa%ionable4 ,9 fact1 tak5 away f its pres5t environm5t1 x might ) a v little braz+ be us$ z a support = a wat*1 t is1 if ! l[] sup]/ructure be tak5 away4 ,c(fee ,pots4--,) s _m v>ieties ( c(fee pot made by ! lead+ silv]smi?s ,%effield _h no reason to be %ort ( examples4 ,! c(fee pot 0 always tall] ?an ! teapot1 & x has reta9$ its =m to ?is day1 ?\gh ! e>lie/ teapot kn[n 9 ?is c\ntry 0 tall & might well be mi/ak5 = a c(fee pot2 x is 9 date #afgj & 0 pres5t$ by ,george1 ,"l ,b]keley1 to ! ,hon\rable ,ea/ ,india ,company4 ,!y 7 made 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 9 ,london1 at ,*e/]1 & ! m>ks %[n on a c(fee pot made at ,newca/le-^u-,tyne1 9 date #agcg1 ( q ! ord9>y =m 9 use to-day1 are giv5 9 ! ,app5dix 7p4 #bgi74 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,fr5* ,,silv]-,,plat$ ,,c(fee ,,pot4 ,made 9 ! ,%effield mann]4 ,ovoid body2 wood5 h&le2 dragon sp\t4 ,appli$ classic ornam5t1 t]m9at+ 9 ?ree legs on claw & ball feet4 ,= m>ks see p4 #bia4 ,date #ahae-ahbj4 7,9 ! collection ( ,b4 ,b4 ,h>rison1 ,esq47 ,! illu/ration 7p4 #baa7 %[s an example ( silv] plat$ w>e made 9 ! ,%effield mann] by fusion & roll+ :i* 0 made 9 ,france4 ,its body is ovi=m4 ,x has ?ree legs1 :i* t]m9ate 9 claw feet4 ,at _! juncture ) ! body !re is an ornam5t ( conv5tional honeysuckle patt]n produc$ by die "w4 ,! %\ld] is decorat$ by a b& ( classic ornam5t4 ,! cov] is surm\nt$ by an acorn4 ,! sp\t is m\ld$ 9 ! =m ( a dragon's head1 a =m f\nd 9 a c(fee pot made by ,patrick ,rob]tson ( ,ed9burgh 9 #agfi1 & 9 ! ,royal ,scotti% ,museum1 ,ed9burgh4 ,! h&le is wood4 ,!re is no d\bt ab\t ! "* ( ?is piece4 ,x is un-,engli% 9 its design1 ?\gh x und\bt$ly duplicates ! te*nique ( ,%effield4 ,x be>s ! ,fr5* m>k ( #aj4,m1 illu/rat$ 9 ,app5dix 7p4 #bia71 ! highe/ quality ( plat$ w>e1 & has ! additional /amp ,plaqu 7plat$7 )\t :i* no plat$ articles c\ld be sold 9 ,france4 ,! ,fr5* law 9 reg>d to plat$ goods is sev]e4 ,! pun* ( ea* mak] de d\bl or de plaqu has a p>ticul> =m det]m9$ by ! ,adm9i/rator ( ! ,m9t4 ,! mak] also indicates on 8 works ! num]als d5ot+ ! quantity ( silv] :i* !y conta94 ,9 reg>d to plat+ on copp] or any o!r bas] metal ! work] c employ silv] 9 any proportion he may desire4 ,b he is requir$ by law to place ^u ea* ( 8 works 8 own pun* det]m9$ by ! ,m9t 7z /at$ 9 article above quot$74 ,he %all also add to ! /amp num]als indicat+ ! quantity ( silv] conta9$ 9 8 "w1 on :i* also %all be impress$ 9 full ! ^w d\bl4 ,& ?is is exactly :at ! ,fr5* craftsm5 h done z %[n by ! illu/rat$ m>ks giv5 9 ,app5dix 7p4 #bia74 ,! ,sug> ,bas94--,! e>lie/ =m ( ! sug> bas9 0 t ) a glass l9] & capable ( receiv+ highly ornam5tal pi]c$ "w4 ,!y 7 n always ( ! same height z is %[n by ! two examples illu/rat$ 7p4 #baa74 ,! ovi=m surface ( ! vessel l5t itself to broad b&s ( decoration & loz5ge "w 9 comb9ation ) ! pi]c$ design4 ,! h&les 7 h+$4 ,^! sug> pails z !y are (t5 call$1 al?\gh !re is ! cream pail ) l9] to :i* x is m suitable to apply ! t]m pail1 (f] delightful v>iety 9 treatm5t1 & ! numb] turn$ out by ,%effield indicate t !y 7 exceptionally popul> at ! date ( _! manufacture4 ,we f9d !m ab\t #aggj to ab\t #agie4 ,9 _! e>ly =m !y 7 classic bas9s decorat$ ) m$allions & fe/oons & hav+ elongat$ h&les4 ,s4 & ,j4 ,crespell1 ! ,london mak]s1 produc$ examples 9 ! ,adam /yle4 ,"s ( ! silv]smi?s' "w is pi]c$ %eet silv]1 s t 9 reg>d to comp>ison ) ,%effield !re is 9 appe>ance n mu* to *oose4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,sug> ,,baskets4 ,circul> on collette foot1 ) f9e pi]c$ "w4 ,blue glass l9]s4 ,?read$ h&le1 date #agij4 ,bead$ h&le1 date #agge4 7,9 ! collection ( ,b4 ,b4 ,h>rison1 ,esq47 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,sug> ,,bas94 ,circul> =m ) two h&les4 ,! body divid$ into f\rte5 globul> sections by rep\ss "w4 ,m>k$ ,d,s 7,dixon ,sons74 ,date #ahbe4 ,height #d 94 ,base #c-g_/af 94 7,at ! ,%effield ,public ,museum47 7,reproduc$ by p]mission ( ! ,corporation ( ,%effield47 ,^! bas9s 7 a lat] luxury ( a m effem9ate age4 ,9 #agaa1 accord+ to ! ,spectator1 9 a celebrat$ ,c(fee ,h\se ne> ! ,temple an eld]ly ill-dress$ man call$ = a ,di% ( ,tea1 b z sev]al ,g5tlem5 ( ! ,room want$ o!r ?+s1 ! ,boys ( ! ,h\se did n ?9k !mselves at leisure to m9d him4444 ,at la/ "o ( ! ,rascals pres5t$ him ) "s /ale ,tea 9 a brok5 ,di%1 accompani$ ) a ,plate ( ,br[n ,sug>4 ,we are n conc]n$ ) ! re/ ( ! /ory1 h[ ! old /rang] f\nd 8 son 9 ! well dress$ habitu ( ! ,h\se1 & exclaim$ ,h>k y1 sirrah1 ,i'll pay (f y\r extravagant ,bills once m1 b w take ,effectual c>e = ! ,future t y\r ,prodigality %all n _s up a p>cel ( ,rascals to insult y\r ,fa!r4 ,b we are int]e/$ 9 ! /ale ,tea 9 a brok5 ,di%1 & ! ,plate ( ,br[n ,sug> excites our curiosity inasmu* z x comes z a surprise to le>n t o!r sug> 0 !n 9 use2 possibly x 0 c&i$ on /r+s z we rememb] x 9 our boyhood at ! table ( an old-fa%ion$ prelate & recluse4 ,b c5trifugally :it5$ & cry/alliz$ sug> x _c h be51 = t belongs to days )9 memory4 ,a lat] example ( sug> bas9 ) melon-%ap$ body is 9 date ab\t #ahbe & its bold h&les are f9ely ornam5t$4 ,! rim & ! foot h a pleas+ cont\r foll[+ ! f\rte5 sections ( ! rep\ss body 7illu/rat$1 p4 #bac74 ,x 0 made by ,dixon & ,sons1 & ! m>k is a /> ) ! lett]s ,d & ,s on ea* side4 ,,vii ,,s\p ,,ture5s ,,hot ,,wat] ,,jugs ,,! ,,m>ks ,,( ,,! ,,mak]s ,,! ,,supp] ,,table ,,*apt] ,,vii ,s\p ture5s--,hot wat] jugs--,! m>ks ( ! mak]s--,! supp] table4 ,!re has be5 a rec5t disp]sal ( _m f9e collections ( old silv] plate1 mu* ( :i* consi/$ ( glori\s examples ( p]iods :i* c\ld & w\ld only be us$ on /ate occasion at ! d9n] table4 ,h[ev] mu* ! possessor ( old plate may love 8 family heirlooms1 !re is a hesitancy 9 actually br++ into use ev5 9 r>e circum/ances old plate ( ! ,/u>t p]iod4 ,ev5 ?\gh he may n be a connoisseur he might pref] "s ( 8 second-be/ silv] = common use especially 9 days :5 p ( high & l[ degree h (t5 come v ne> to d9+ ) ,duke ,humphry4 ,x w\ld !re=e seem some:at ( a holl[ mock]y to br+ out ( ! silv] closet f9e ,que5 ,anne or e>ly ,georgian s]vices ) prov5d] z b>e almo/ z ! l>d] ( ! ,c\nt ,f$]igo degli ,alb]ighi 9 ,t5nyson's ,falcon1 9 :i* /ory is told h[ t noble bird came to be s]v$ up z a meal = ! lady ,giovanna4 ,h5ce silv] plate t is n us$ has be5 deem$ a luxury to be sold "u ! hamm]1 & ano!r race ( own]s w treasure old silv] ?\gh x may n h come d[n f _! ance/ors4 ,! ,s\p ,ture54--,t prologue to ! banquet h]ald$ & br\ght 9 ) c]emony1 f ^: uncov]$ urn issues =? ! inc5se to ! fea/1 f :i* sav\ry & w>m+ nect>1 comp\nd$ ( r>e +r$i5ts & ri* ess5ces1 is dealt =? to titillate ! palate1 t =]unn] ( entres & roa/s1 ( bak$ meats & da9ty sweets1 m>ks ! /atus ( ! *ef--x is at ?is po9t t "o det]m9es :e!r or n he is a true cordon bleu4 ,h5ce ! trapp+s ( s great a caldron mu/ fit ! occasion4 ,! s\p ture5 t is insignificant is a cruse t promise? no oil4 ,x betok5e? pov]ty ( inv5tion & x might bett] be an e>!rn crock :i* =tune might mayhap end[ ) gold5 cont5ts4 ,p]haps ! silv]smi?s h imag9$ all ?is or c>ri$ on a tra9 ( ?\ght result+ 9 produc+ s\p ture5s ( f9e design & impos+ "*1 & ,%effield has foll[$ ) h] replicas & z ! ne$le foll[s ! pole4 ,we mu/ look to ,paul ,lam]ie1 to ,pet] ,ar*ambo 9 ! e>ly p]iod & ,paul ,/orr at ! end ( ! c5tury = silv] prototypes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,s\p ,,ture54 ,) cov] & tray4 ,ture5 urn-%ap$1 ! rim rais$ at two po9ts1 ) lion masks & r+s4 ,cov] surm\nt$ by /rap h&le4 ,date #ahje4 ,ture5 #i 94 high4 ,cov] #aa 94 diamet]4 ,tray #ab 94 by #af 94 7,at ! ,public ,museum1 ,%effield47 7,reproduc$ by p]mission ( ! ,corporation ( ,%effield47 ,! ,%effield plat$ ,s\p ,ture5 illu/rat$ 7p4 #bba7 ) tray is typical ( ! f9e /ability ( design :i* came z an inh]itance f ! ,que5 ,anne p]iod1 sob]ness & retic5ce )\t t add$ t\* ( classic au/]ity :i* br\ght ,greece & ,rome to ! ,engli% d9n] table1 & scatt]$ ! gods ( ,olympus ?r\gh\t ,/af=d%ire4 ,! rim ( ! vessel is rais$ at two po9ts1 z is ! tray4 ,! godroon ornam5t is quietly suffici5t to su/a9 ! dignity ( ! design4 ,! lion & mask h&les complete a f9e piece ( re/ra9t 9 composition4 ,:5 ?is made its appe>ance at table dep5d ^u x x 0 foll[$ by s\nd cuis9e1 & ! port ( m9e ho/ 0 well *os5 & f ! "r b94 ,! ,ture5 illu/rat$ 7p4 #bbe7 is ( ! ye> ( ,wat]loo4 ,x is oval & /&s on scroll feet1 & ! beautiful graduat$ =m ( ! lid is especially noticeable4 ,! rim is ri*ly1 ?\gh n too lavi%ly1 decorat$ = s f9e a piece4 ,! upp] portion ( ! cov] spr+s 9 dome-l flut$ con=mation & is surm\nt$ by a h&le ) floriat$ base4 ,! h&les1 a /rong feature 9 well design$ ture5s1 are practical1 z are o!r portions ( ! ornam5t clev]ly execut$ 9 die "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,s\p ,,ture54 ,ri*ly ornam5t$ ) scroll ornam5t4 ,date #ahae4 7,by c\rtesy ( ,walt] ,h4 ,willson1 ,esq47 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,s\p ,,ture54 ,rococo scroll ornam5t1 pi]c$ heat]1 ) _s lamp 9 c5tre4 ,date #ahbe4 7,by c\rtesy ( ,walt] ,h4 ,willson1 ,esq47 ,ano!r ,s\p ,ture5 illu/rat$ 7p4 #bbe7 is ( oval =m ) massive h&les sugge/+ ^? ( an urn4 ,x c>ries its heavy decoration well1 b ! base is too rococo ) its swirl+ curves4 ,?is example has a pi]c$ heat] ) _s lamp 9 c5tre4 ,?is is 9 date #ahbe1 :5 ,cann+ call$ ! ,new ,_w into exi/5ce to r$ress ! balance ( ! ,old4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,ture54 ,) floral rep\ss decoration & f\r spirally flut$ scroll legs4 ,cov] ri*ly *as$ & gadroon$1 surm\nt$ by ball4 ,date #ahae4 7,9 ! collection ( ,b4 ,b4 ,h>rison1 ,esq47 ,an int]e/+ ,ture5 exhibit+ ! re/lessness ( motifs & ! travail ( ! arti/ 9 8 se>* = new designs is exemplifi$ 9 ! specim5 illu/rat$ 7p4 #bbi7 :]e an excell5ce ( te*nique is at once app>5t4 ,!re is a beauty & a grace 9 ! cov] ) its delicate incis$ *a9 ornam5t1 its rep\ss floral design & ! /rik+ godroon edge4 ,! cov] is surm\nt$ by a ball on a leaf base4 ,on ! body ! rais$ design1 especially ) ! fruit & foliage1 resembles t f\nd on posset pots ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 b x is m>r$ by an un=tunate leaf 9 ! c5tre ) a rib s prom95t z to sugge/ ca/+4 ,?is is an und\bt$ blemi% 9 ornam5t z ! eye _c leave ?is spot4 ,b a bold attempt to w9 orig9ality is %[n 9 ! legs & feet1 :i* are ( a curi\s & /rik+ floral design1 boldly rococo & some:at ,italianate 9 "*2 at fir/ glance "o expects to f9d !m to be *]ubs4 ,entre ,di%es are always1 :5 at _! be/1 ripe ) well-conceiv$ & well-balanc$ ornam5t4 ,! illu/ration 7p4 #bcc7 %[s a specim51 "o ( a set ( f\r1 ) delightful design4 ,! ri*ly ornam5t$ rims & ! f9ely consid]$ balance 9 reg>d to ! d\ble-ti] effect make ?is especially acceptable4 ,! cov] has a f9ely ribb$ effect :i* cat*es ! play ( light & displays its full effect & ! ribs are s unobtrusive z almo/ to escape notice1 b ! full bodi$ effect is c>ri$ out to p]fection4 ,ano!r example ( a lat] date1 #ahbe1 /&s on its f9e p]=at$ ornam5t 9 ! body4 ,! feet are some:at close toge!r1 & are made to appe> m s by ! dome-l cov] swell+ almo/ pe>-%ap$ to an apex decorat$ by a cone4 ,x is an unusual =m1 & free1 not)/&+ its idiosyncrasies1 f ! gl>+ evils ( elaborate & feeble decoration f\nd at a slightly lat] date :i* impov]i%$ design = ! next ?irty ye>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,entr,e ,,di%4 ,"o ( f\r1 ) heavy ornam5t ( scroll design4 ,date #ahae4 7,by c\rtesy ( ,walt] ,h4 ,willson1 ,esq47 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,entr,e ,,di%4 ,) bulb\s cov] surm\nt$ by rose4 ,date #ahbe4 7,by c\rtesy ( ,walt] ,h4 ,willson1 ,esq47 ,hot ,wat] ,jugs4--,! =m ( ! jug (f]s endless possibilities to ! arti/ :o designs practical %apes t ! metal work]1 ! glass-bl[]1 or ! pott] c br+ into be+1 ea* accord+ to 8 te*nique4 ,x is ! duty ( ! arti/1 if he be practical z well z ideal1 to (f] only su* designs z c be easily work$ 9 ! p>ticul> craft = :i* he is draw+ 8 designs4 ,9 reg>d to n>r[-neck$ vessels !re is ! sugge/ion t !y are m suit$ to ! pott] ?an to ! metal work]4 ,9 ! ,ea/1 :]e metal work]s c>ry on traditions t g back long ages1 we d n f9d t wide-m\!d vessels claim pref]5ce4 ,x is n s mu* t ! craftsm5 are cons]vative & d n seek new =ms1 b r t1 hav+ ma/]$ _! te*nique1 !y conf9e !mselves to its limitations recogniz$ c5turies ago4 ,!re is no d\bt t ! n>r[-neck$ j> 9 ! old fable ( ! ,fox & ! ,crane 0 "o made by ! pott]4 ,! difficulties 9 te*nique 9 manipulat+ a jug su* z is illu/rat$ 7p4 #bce7 mu/ h be5 great1 ?\gh n insup]able4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,hot ,,wat] ,,jugs4 ,circul> base3 l[] "p ( body decorat$ ) /> flut+4 ,cov] surm\nt$ by p9eapple4 ,dat$ #agge4 ,urn-%ap$ body on octagonal foot4 ,classic ornam5t4 ,silv] %ield4 ,date #agie4 7,by c\rtesy ( ,walt] ,h4 ,willson1 ,esq47 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,hot ,,wat] ,,jug4 ,urn-%ap$1 on base ) claw feet4 ,rosette decoration c>ri$ out 9 base & body1 toge!r ) fe/oons4 ,%\ld] & base ornam5t$ ) b& ( v]tical flut+4 ,?is example typifies ! ,adam /yle at its be/4 ,date #aggj4 7,by c\rtesy ( ,walt] ,h4 ,willson1 ,esq47 ,b ! f9e ,adam jug1 ) ?is premiss z to n>r[ vessels 9 g5]al1 (f]s a sup]lative example ( ! ,adam /yle execut$ z e>ly z #aggj 7illu/rat$1 p4 #bce74 ,! squ>e base ) ball feet1 ! simple fe/oon ( drap]y1 encircl+ rosettes b n be+ support$ by !m1 ! b& ( ribb$ ornam5t plac$ j at t position :]e x atta9s ! maximum effect1 ! f9e exquisitely balanc$ proportions ( ! neck z natural & wond]ful z nature 9 graceful birds su* z ! swan1 & ! pleas+ l9es 9 ! curve ( ! sp\t--all ^! po9ts are po9ts ( beauty impossible to describe 9 words1 b quick to /rike ! tra9$ eye satiat$ ) improp] ornam5t & fev]i%ly await+ ! adv5t ( pure unalloy$ beauty ( =m4 ,"o nev] gr[s we>y ( contemplat+ su* a p]fect example z ?is ( ! art ( ! mod]n metal work]1 t is mod]n s9ce ! old days ( ,greece & ,rome1 & mod]n z 9 comp>ison ) ! outbur/ ( ! great ,italian ,r5aissance4 ,two o!r hot wat] jugs are illu/rat$ 7p4 #bbi7 ea* typify+ =ms into :i* ! metal work] conv]t$ 8 %eet silv]4 ,t on ! left is sev]e 9 =m4 ,x repres5ts ! _s ( classicism cold & unsatisfy+4 ,! abs5ce ( ! curve 9 ! body & ! /raight l9es at ! %\ld] might h prov$1 _h ,hog>? se5 x1 "s ( 8 po9ts z to ! l9e ( beauty4 ,! plane surfaces are too few to be attractive1 to increase _! numb] w\ld be to dep>t f a simplicity ( outl9e at :i* ! arti/-design] has aim$4 ,! elongat$ h&le /rik+ a %>p acute angle adjac5t to ! edge ( ! broad facett$ body (f]s a inh>moni\s note4 ,! space betwe5 ! h&le & ! body is n a pleas+ space to ! eye4 ,9 te*nique ! jug is p]fect1 z p]fect z ! silv]smi?s c\ld fa%ion x1 & z repres5tative a replica z ,%effield c\ld turn out4 ,! eye w&]s to ! upp] portion & f9ds re/fulness1 & x is ?is upp] portion :i* makes ! jug lovable & beautiful4 ,its fell[ on ! same page affects a new =m4 ,its h&le c>ries "o back to ! porr+] ( ,/u>t days ) its out-turn$ t]m9al4 ,! body swells ) beautiful symmetrical curves4 ,its pla9 cold effect is reliev$ by ! brok5 flut+s c>ri$ "p ( ! way up4 ,! sp\t aga9 is rem9isc5t ( ! e>li] =ms 9 ! flagon ( bye-gone days4 ,! cov] has a delightful p9eapple ornam5t ( suffici5t size to give "* to ! piece4 ,al?\gh composite 9 its conception x takes its place on a plane indubitably its own4 ,! ,m>ks ( ,mak]s4--,hav+ extoll$ ! object made1 x w\ld be delightful to be able to extol ! mak]4 ,b ! records ( ! copyi/ plat]s ( ,%effield are n 9 su* an exact /ate z to det]m9e ?is4 ,ev5 :5 c]ta9 initials & m>ks id5tify a p>ticul> firm1 & "o has run x to e>?1 "o is confront$ ) ! proposition z to :o did actually make ! piece4 ,at :at p>ticul> "p ( ! *a91 leav+ out ! draw]s ( ! +ot f ! *>coal fire & ! me*anical roll]s1 0 x fa%ion$ by ! man :om we wi% to admire4 ,names ( firms we "k are hall m>ks z to quality4 ,9 silv] =m]ly ! mak] did make ! piece to :i* he 0 pr\d to /amp 8 initials1 b ev5 !n ! law conspir$ to *eat him ( ! gu]don ( po/]ity's wor%ip4 ,! initials ( ,*ri/ian "n & surname t is s5sible en\gh4 ,we all are aw>e ( t abbreviation1 & ( accr$it$ signs1 f ,e4,r41 ,elizabe? ,reg9a1 to ! butt]fly ( ,:i/l]4 ,b disguis$ "u ! fir/ two lett]s ( 8 surname ! silv]smi? 9 #afig1 by ,william ,,iii1 #h #i1 cap4 #h1 left little evid5ce ( 8 p]sonality4 ,william ,kei? becomes ,,ke & ,rob]t ,coop] is ,,co1 & ,se? ,l(?\se is ,l4,o4 ,9 #agci by ,george ,,ii1 #ab1 cap4 #bf1 j be=e ! ,%effield p]iod1 ! fir/ two initial lett]s ( ,*ri/ian "n & surname became compulsory4 ,s t !re is e reason :y at ,%effield1 ! workm5 :o execut$ ! m\ld+s & ! craftsm5 :o pi]c$ ! design or *as$ x1 %\ld h add$ _! initials4 ,! die s9k] might g by ! bo>d1 b ! artisan :o ) ! highe/ art conceal$ art ) 8 die "w & 8 wire1 he too might place 8 sign4 ,!re are workm5's m>ks1 b n[adays !y mean no?+ except t !y are workm5's m>ks4 ,on ,worce/] porcela9 x is ! same1 c]ta9 symbols are believ$ to be workm5's m>ks4 ,t is all4 ,! ,fr5* 7 wis]4 ,at ,svres ! m>ks ( ea* pa9t]1 decorator1 & gild] ( ! porcela9 f #agec to #ahjj is duly record$4 ,a cresc5t d5ot$ t ,l$\x pa9t$ ! birds1 ,,lg tells t ,le ,guay did ! gild+1 a pair ( compasses %[ t ,mutel pa9t$ ! l&scapes1 ,,lr /&s = ,la ,ro*e & 8 m$allions & emblems1 ,f is ,falot = butt]flies1 & s on4 ,!re are ov] a hundr$ & tw5ty kn[n workm5's m>ks4 ,& 9 #agej ! ,fr5* cab9et-mak]s /amp$ _! names on _! works4 ,t c]ta9 workm5's m>ks did appe> on ! old ,%effield plate indicate pride ( "w ( execution4 ,b specialization %\ld n h /amp$ out p]sonality to ! ext5t t x app>5tly did4 ,ev5 names ( firms are =gott5 & initials ( produc]s are n always readily traceable4 ,!re is mu* rese>* ne$$ 9 reg>d to old ,%effield plate4 ,mu* has already be5 done4 ,b ! idolatry ( ! ,%effield replica /&+ z x does on its p]fect te*nique1 %\ld be c>ri$ back a /age4 ,we h said no?+ ( ! arti/ design] & draughtsman :o c>efully1 ) skill$ p5cil1 work$ out ! draw+s to be c>ri$ out by ! craftsm54 ,he x 0 :o /ood betwe5 ! silv] plate prototype & ! silv] plat$ translation4 ,! admiration %\ld be ext5d$ to ! orig9al mak]s ( ! models4 ,a sci5tific classification ( old ,%effield plate %\ld set out to id5tify :at p>ticul> mak]s & design]s ( silv] plate 7 copi$ by ! silv] plat]s ( ,%effield & else:]e4 ,a collection ( ,%effield plate )\t ! k z to ! f\nt f :i* x came is l a collection ( int]pretative engrav+s f old ma/]s' pa9t+s ) ! old pa9t]s' names omitt$4 ,! ,supp] ,table4--,9 an age :5 a consid]able am\nt ( inv5tiv5ess 0 display$ 9 reg>d to economical =ms ( furniture1 su* z fold+ tables1 libr>y /eps :i* %ut up1 dress+ tables ) w+s t pull$ =w>d1 telescopic d9+ tables 7 inv5t$ & pat5t$ 9 #ahcj by ,ri*>d ,gill[1 & ne/s ( draw]s arrang$ z ?\gh space 7 z great a desid]atum z x is 9 a mod]n flat1 x is n surpris+ to f9d t ! metal work]s at ,%effield came into l9e ) ! fa%ion = neat & +5i\s contrivances = ! table4 ,a special feature 0 made ( small delicate fitt$ appurt5ances = ! c>d room & ! supp] table4 ,collapsible toa/ racks 7 made ab\t #ahbe to #ahcj /&+ on f\r ball & claw feet1 by a firm /amp+ its "n z ,r4,c4 ,co4 ,t9d]-boxes ) c&le/icks 7 cunn+ly contriv$4 ,read+ %ades came into be+ ) circul> gre5 silk gu>ds1 capable ( be+ rais$ & l[]$ & manipulat$ 9 a v>iety ( positions4 ,_m ( ^! articles only a*iev$ a mom5t>y success4 ,b among ^? rema9+ are c]ta9 supp] di%es = s]v+ *eese4 ,9 ! example illu/rat$ 7p4 #bci7 x is se5 t x has six comp>tm5ts = toa/$ *eese to be s]v$ hot & kept hot4 ,^! *eese di%es are uncommon4 ,! h&le is wood4 ,9 date ?is is ab\t #ahjj1 ! adjac5t example is ab\t #ahaj & has appli$ %ell & foliage at ! corn]s ( ! cov]1 & a simil> wood5 h&le4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,toa/$ ,,*eese ,,di%es4 ,%[+ int]ior ) six comp>tm5ts4 ,date #ahjj4 ,%[+ ext]ior3 cov] ) ornam5t4 ,date #ahaj4 7,by c\rtesy ( ,walt] ,h4 ,willson1 ,esq47 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,pipe ,,light]4 ,) pi]c$ escallop$ top1 wood5 h&le1 & on tray ) pi]c$ rim on claw & ball feet4 ,date #aghc4 7,9 ! collection ( ,b4 ,b4 ,h>rison1 ,esq47 ,a f9e specim5 ( a little kn[n article ( =m] use is illu/rat$ on ! same page4 ,x is a ,pipe ,light]1 ) pi]c$ & escallop$ edge4 ,x has ?ree ball & claw feet4 ,x /&s on a circul> tray f9ely pi]c$ hav+ ball & claw feet4 ,x might at fir/ glance sugge/ to ! collector t x 0 ,dut* 9 orig91 & sugge/s "s =m ( *>coal brazi]1 b x is indubitably a rem>kable specim5 ( old ,%effield plat$ "w 9 date ab\t #aghc4 ,,viii ,,c5trepieces ,,! ,,c5trepiece ,,! ,,de/ruction ,,( ,,old ,,dies ,,! ,,melt+ ,,d[n ,,( ,,massive ,,%effield ,,plate ,,! ,,pass+ ,,( ,,! ,,d9n] ,,table ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,c5trepieces ,! c5trepiece--,! de/ruction ( old dies--,! melt+ d[n ( massive ,%effield plate--,! pass+ ( ! d9n] table4 ,! c5trepiece 0 ! pice de rsi/ance2 x made an impos+ feature ) its fruit :i* 0 to be s]v$ at dess]t2 x has develop$ lat] into an object = floral decoration /&+ z a monum5t ( col\r on ! table1 & 0 9 m mod]n usage comb9$ ) lights :5 ! old c&elabra 7 consid]$ to be out ( date1 & be=e ! mod]n electric c&elabrum made its appe>ance4 ,accord+ly1 we f9d massive decoration & /rong bold design 9 mo/ ( ^! c5trepieces4 ,! ,frontispiece illu/rates an especially f9e example ) t5 baskets ( glass & ! twi/$ bran*es are con/ruct$ to give ! massive piece a lightness & a grace1 al?\gh x 0 necess>y to h a c]ta9 solidity to c>ry its heap$-up delicacies4 ,!re is a f9e balance 9 ?is example & x is typical ( ! op5work c5trepiece z di/9ct f a m massive =m introduc$ :5 an ambiti\s bid made by ,%effield = recognition 9 c>ry+ out ! modell$ figures & o!r elaborate /ructures :i* became s preval5t 9 ! fir/ ?irty ye>s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,ano!r example produc$ 9 wire "w 9 e>ly mann]1 9 date ab\t #agij1 is illu/rat$ 7p4 #bdg74 ,?is is on f\r ball feet & has a l>ge basket at ! top1 vase-l 9 =m1 ) h&les4 ,f ! /&>d support$ by ?ree ,c-%ap$ bran*es are susp5d$ f\r small] baskets4 ,its lightness & flexibility ( design are its noticeable features & !re is a practicability too 9 ! =m z ! small baskets ) h&les c be readily remov$ f ! bran*es on :i* !y hang4 ,a massive c5trepiece ) /& on f\r ri*ly m\ld$ feet 9 ,fr5* /yle is ornam5t$ by heavily gadroon$ ar*itectural ornam5t4 ,?is supports ?ree semi-nude female figures :o =m a column :i* is surm\nt$ by a l>ge urn-%ap$ basket ornam5t$ ) int]lac$ b&s & floral pi]c$ "w4 ,a heavy glass b[l ( cut glass ) s]rat$ rim & facett$ ribs completes a gr&iose piece repres5tative ( ! p]iod ab\t #ahbe4 7,illu/rat$1 p4 #bea74 ,o!r =ms are f\nd ) peculi>ities ( design :i* w9 acclamation1 ?\gh on ! :ole !re is always 9 comp>ison ) ! silv]smi?s' art ( a c5tury e>li] some?+ undesirable1 n s mu* z to :at is lack+ b :at has be5 add$4 ,!re is a dep>ture f sob]ness & an attempt to give ornam5t a place :e!r ornam5t is necess>y or n4 ,?is ef=t to be ultra-arti/ic m (t5 ?an n ov]-rea*$ itself & ! results d n give ! same /hetic pleasure z ^? ( e>li] design]s :o "k ! gold5 rule 9 art--:at to omit4 ,b comp>isons are odi\s4 ,we take repres5tative examples ( a p]iod & cont9ue ! /udy & give !m ! respect due1 & :5 "o f9ds an oasis 9 a des]t ( m]etrici\s art "o is pr(\ndly ?ankful4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,c5trepieces4 ,) f9ely-cut glass di% 9 c5tre1 & five bran*es support+ small] glass di%es4 ,elaborate scroll ornam5t embody+ ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales's fea!rs z c5tral support4 ,date #ahaj4 ,oval wire basket1 ) d\ble wire h&les on /&>d4 ,f\r small] circul> baskets support$ f ,c-%ap$ bran*es4 ,on scroll feet1 ) b> & ball ornam5t4 ,date #agij4 ,! two examples typify ! ornate & ! simple 9 design4 7,by c\rtesy ( ,walt] ,h4 ,willson1 ,esq47 ,! ,c5trepiece illu/rat$ 7p4 #bdg7 (f]s _m po9ts ( attractiv5ess4 ,x attempts magnific5ce & almo/ a*ieves x4 ,! employm5t ( ?ree o/ri* fea!rs 9 ! design sugge/s at once ! p]iod ( ,george ,,iv4 ,x has be5 employ$ 9 m9or pieces by ! silv]smi? z x 0 successfully us$ by ,hepple:ite 9 8 c>v$ mahogany *air-backs4 ,?is is n ! only example kn[n ) simil> fea!r decoration s prom95tly featur+ 9 ! design4 ,!re is ano!r example ) out/ret*$ pla9 bran*es hav+ f\r cups s f> remov$ f ! c5tral /&>d z to sugge/ gas-globes4 ,! fea!rs by ?is arrangem5t are giv5 an undue prom95ce & lose ! graceful effect !y h 9 ! example "h illu/rat$1 :]e ! curv$ bran*es ) ri* scroll ornam5t h>monize ) ! m prom95t c5tral support = ! cut glass di%4 ,! bran*es support f\r small] cut glass di%es ( really f9e "*4 ,?is cut glass "w is ( ! mo/ beautiful "* & adds greatly to ! gr&eur ( ! piece4 ,z indicat+ ! return ( ! ,%effield work]s to designs prior to _! own day ! ,*e/nut ,di% & ,cov] illu/rat$ 7p4 #bee7 (f]s conclusive pro(4 ,x has all ! quietude ( ! "w produc$ 9 ! ,que5 ,anne p]iod4 ,x dep5ds = its effect on its =m & ! play ( light on its surface4 ,! twi/$ h&les are t]m9at$ by lion masks4 ,! foot is pla91 b ! edge ( ! rim ( ! body is quietly godroon$4 ,! lid is surm\nt$ by an oval knob1 :i* ! ,/af=d%ire pott]s seiz$ lat] z _! own4 ,! accompany+ illu/ration %[s a ,fruit ,basket1 9 date ab\t #ahaj1 & x resembles ! "w ( ,paul ,/orr1 ! ,london mak] ( t p]iod4 ,x is ( simple basket =m4 ,its broad rim emulates ! te*nique ( ! basket mak] 9 appe>ance & is equally necess>y "h 9 ord] to add to ! /r5g? ( a design c>ri$ out 9 wire4 ,! base is oval & /&s on f\r claw feet 9 comb9ation ) scroll design z %[n 9 o!r examples 9 c&elabra & o!r "w ( ! same p]iod4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,c5trepiece4 ,hexagonal base on scroll feet4 ,urn-%ap$ wire basket1 support$ by ?ree semi-nude female figures1 surm\nt$ by l>ge circul> cut-glass b[l4 7,9 ! collection ( ,b4 ,b4 ,h>rison1 ,esq47 ,! ,de/ruction ( ,old ,dies4--,! ,%effield firms 7 n wise 9 _! g5]ation4 ,!y committ$ a great blund] :i* !y regrett$ = long aft]w>ds4 ,we d n say t ?is l$ to ! ext9ction ( ! indu/ry1 = !re 7 o!r v important causes :i* result$ 9 silv] plat+ 9 ! old /yle be+ sup]s$$4 ,b und\bt$ly ! de/ruction ( old dies by a numb] ( firms did lead to ! con/ant production ( "w :i* might v well h be5 left undone4 ,:5 ! fa%ion = ! classic designs ( ! ,adam p]iod & t imm$iately succe$+ x 0 f\nd to h be5 disc>d$1 ^! old dies 7 melt$ d[n = ! value ( ! metal4 ,!y repres5t$ _m ?\s&s ( p\nds outlay to ea* ( ! firms :o _h produc$ !m1 & n[adays1 :5 retic5ce & sobriety ( design h aga9 come into _! own aft] ! long night ( ! e>ly & lat] ,victorian mean+less trivialities 9 design 9 metal "w1 ^! old dies w\ld h won di/9ction by _! re-employm5t4 ,b !y mu/ rema9 a sad memory to ^? :o "k :at once has be51 & z s (t5 happ5s 9 any indu/ry dep5d5t on ! caprice ( fa%ion1 x is easy to be wise aft] ! ev5t4 ,! ,melt+ ,d[n ( ,massive ,%effield ,plate4--,yet ano!r deplorable mis=tune ov]took ,%effield plate4 ,x 0 f\nd t ! copp] 9 "s ( ! old examples 0 valuable4 ,prices ( copp] _h ris51 & on ! o!r h& silv] _h fall54 ,c]ta9 ent]pris+ firms deal+ 9 metals began to collect all ! old ,%effield plat$ examples !y c\ld lay h&s on1 & !y ru?lessly melt$ !m d[n4 ,q consid]able sums ( money 7 made 9 ?is mann]1 & v few f9e pieces 7 rescu$ f de/ruction4 ,?\gh we he>d ( "o in/ance ( a deal] :o 0 arti/ic en\gh to select c]ta9 examples t he lik$ = _! beauty1 & 8 family h !m to ?is day4 ,we hope 8 ta/e 0 s\nd4 ,b ! result 0 to aim a bl[ at collect+ ,%effield plate1 & to create _m a hiatus :i* collectors f9d to _! *agr9 to-day4 ,! ,pass+ ( ! ,d9n] ,table4--,) all due respect to mod]nity !re is 9 middle-class h\seholds /ill to be obs]v$ an abs5ce ( ta/e 9 silv]4 ,!re is silv] pres5t & en\gh ( x4 ,b n suffici5t c>e has be5 paid to /udy+ ! f9e =ms & ! exquisite creations ( =m] g5]ations ( ,engli% silv]smi?s4 ,n[ & aga9 great surprise is express$ at big prices realiz$ at ,*ri/ie's or else:]e = f9e specim5s ( plate4 ,b z to ! g5]al education relat+ to ! art ( ! silv]smi? & ! really beautiful designs t h come d[n = hundr$s ( ye>s z ornam5ts to ! d9n] table ! av]age city m]*ant & ! av]age man ( affairs has surpris+ly little k4 ,:5 he /eps out ( 8 own _w into t ( art he /umbles bl9dly & (t5 wilfully4 ,8 pictures please him & he is (t5 boa/ful conc]n+ !m--b !re are o!rs :o "k diff]5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,*e/nut ,,di%4 ,pla9 design 9 ,que5 ,anne /yle3 silv] gadroon$ edges3 lion mask h&les4 ,date #ahaj4 7,9 ! collection ( ,b4 ,b4 ,h>rison1 ,esq47 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,fruit ,,basket4 ,9 flut$ oval base1 ) f\r scroll feet4 ,wire "w design2 broad gadroon$ rim4 ,date #ahaj4 7,by c\rtesy ( ,walt] ,h4 ,willson1 ,esq47 ,p]haps n[adays ! hotel & re/aurant habit has contribut$ n a little to di/urb+ ! pride t ! ,engli%man took 9 8 own table4 ,a hundr$ ye>s ago1 & "r d[n to ! "t imm$iately prec$+ our own--! days ( ,?ack]ay & ,dick5s--!re 0 a ke5 reg>d by ! ho/ = ! appo9tm5ts ( 8 table4 ,he c>efully laid d[n w9e1 he p]sonally sup]vis$ 8 cell>s & knew ! temp]ature necess>y to ma9ta9 ! "* ( ! cont5ts ( 8 b9s4 ,he 0 a connoisseur 9 w9es2 n[adays he leaves t sort ( ?+ to 8 w9e-m]*ant4 ,he kept an eye1 too1 on ! plate closet1 & knew to a nicety :at p>ticul> s]vices & :at special vessels fitt$ functions ov] :i* he presid$4 ,p]haps life has become m complex = him to-day1 possibly he n[ pays m att5tion to 8 golf clubs & 8 motor-c>4 ,he has m extrane\s pleasures1 & aft] all mod]nity has its claims on 8 "t4 ,he may suff] less f g\t ?an did 8 sires4 ,b z a giv] ( a fea/1 z a ho/ ) inn] k1 z a man s5sitive = ! palates ( 8 gue/s1 ! mod]n ho/ is n ! same ho/ z 0 8 gr&fa!r4 ,,ix ,,close ,,plat+ ,,close ,,plat+ ,,! ,,buckle ,,mak]s ,,g]man ,,silv] ,,& ,,o!r ,,:ite ,,metals ,,! ,,factory ,,sy/em ,,! ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,/ory ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,close ,,plat+ ,close plat+--,! buckle mak]s--,g]man silv] & o!r :ite metals--,! factory sy/em--,! end ( ! /ory4 ,ap>t f ! process ( cov]+ bas] metals ) silv] by fusion & prep>+ %eets ( copp] sup]impos$ ) silv] by roll+1 !re 0 ! e>li] process always designat$ z ,fr5* plat+4 ,z we h %[n1 ! plat+ ( bas] metals 0 no?+ new1 b ! ,%effield process 0 a new inv5tion :i* _h f>-rea*+ results4 ,ab\t ! ye> #ahjj a great _m small articles 9 common use 7 manufactur$ by a me?od kn[n z close plat+4 ,knives1 snuff]s1 skew]s1 buckles1 spurs & h>ness 7 subject$ to ?is means ( silv] plat+4 ,a great _m ( ^! articles h ! "n ( ! mak] /amp$ ^u !m4 ,fruit knives1 table spoons & =ks1 fi% knives1 sug> tongs1 & 9 fact all small articles :i* x 0 easi] to make 9 ?is mann] ?an manipulate f ! silv] plat$ %eet4 ,iron skew]s 7 s plat$ ) silv] & /eel blades ( knives4 ,an iron skew] made 9 ,irel& is m>k$ ,sly4 ,dubl91 & ! m>ks ( ! mak]s ( ! close plat$ "w are z difficult to trace & id5tify z "s ( ! o!rs 9 ! process ( plat+ by fusion4 ,horday ,co4 is f\nd on "s late examples1 & ! fleur-de-lys is ano!r m>k frequ5tly se54 ,! close plat+ process seems to h be5 foll[$ bo? at ,birm+ham & ,%effield f ab\t #agie1 & 0 subsequ5tly employ$ 9 ,london4 ,! base = close plat+ 0 ma9ly iron or /eel4 ,in/ead ( resort+ to ! long] & m exp5sive me*anical process ( fusion & roll+1 ! article int5d$ to be plat$ ) silv] 0 cov]$ ) a ?9 %eet ( silv] & :ile hot x 0 burni%$ d[n to ! core ( ! bas] metal1 by means ( a comp\nd ( lead & t91 :i*1 employ$ at a l[ temp]ature1 did n less5 ! temp] ( ! article ?us plat$4 ,x is to be obs]v$1 h[ev]1 t ! p]man5cy ( close plat$ articles _c be comp>$ ) ^? produc$ "u ! roll+ process4 ,:atev] may be ! reason !re seems to be a weakness 9 ! te*nique1 = x is f\nd t !y are /rongly affect$ by exposure to damp or extreme heat4 ,! ,buckle ,mak]s4--,x has be5 ass]t$ t ,b\lsov] made buckles2 ?is is unlikely4 ,! trade _h ma9ly settl$ 9 ,birm+ham & ,wolv]hampton1 & !re 0 an ext5sive trade c>ri$ on 9 ,london4 ,! fa%ion ( ! buckle und]w5t _m vicissitudes 9 =tune4 ,! ,puritans adopt$ %oe /r+s4 ,x 0 9 ,/u>t days t ,h]rick sang ( 8 mi/ress3 ,a c>eless %oe /r+1 9 ^: tie ,i see a wild civility4 ,silk laces ) silv] fr+es & tags 7 9 fa%ion on ! eve ( ! ,re/oration1 al?\gh ! common folk conf9$ !mselves to lea!r laces4 ,all ?r\gh ! eighte5? c5tury ! buckle 0 worn4 ,sometimes1 happily = ! buckle mak]s1 ! fa%ions grew s extravagant t ! ladies wore su* l>ge squ>e buckles ei!r ( silv] or silv] plat$ z almo/ to conceal _! feet4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! c5tury fa%ion des]t$ ! buckle mak]s & !y 7 9 a p>l\s /ate4 ,x 0 natural t !y t]m$ ! displacem5t ! mo/ ridicul\s ( all ridicul\s fa%ions ! effem9ate %oe /r+4 ,birm+ham1 ,walsall & ,wolv]hampton employ$ no less ?an tw5ty ?\s& work]s 9 ! buckle indu/ry1 & !y c\ld ill af=d to be fl\t$ by ! fickle jade ,fa%ion4 ,9 #agib ! buckle mak]s ( ! prov9ces det]m9$ to enli/ ! sympa?ies ( ! ,fir/ ,g5tleman 9 ,europe on _! behalf4 ,!y 7 introduc$ to ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales by ,%]idan4 ,!y repres5t$ t al?\gh ! int]e/ ( ! button manufacture _h enli/$ p>liam5t>y assi/ance !y _h no r$ress aga9/ ! %oe/r+4 ,!y did n desire sumptu>y p5alties1 b !y claim$ ! p]sonal support ( ,8 ,royal ,highness to obviate ! /agnation ( trade caus+ mis]ies1 emigrations & o!r horrible consequ5ces4 ,! buckle mak]s' petition runs z foll[s3 ,we beg leave to obs]ve1 t :5 ,fa%ion1 in/ead ( =eign or unpr(itable ornam5ts1 we>s & consumes ! manufactures ( ?is c\ntry1 %e puts on a m engag+ =m1 & becomes ,patriotism4 ,:5 ,ta/e1 at ! same "t & by ! same means t %e decorates ! p]sons ( ! ri*1 clo!s & fills ! nak$ & hungry poor1 %e des]ves a wor?i] appellation1 & may be /yl$ ,humanity4 ,we make no d\bt b y\r ,royal ,highness w pref] ! bless+s ( ! />v+ manufactur] to ! encomiums ( ! draw+-room4 ,we "k x is to no purpose to address ,fa%ion h]self2 %e is void ( feel+1 & deaf to argum5t2 b1 =tunately1 %e is subject to y\r control4 ,%e has be5 accu/om$ to li/5 to y\r voice1 & obey y\r comm&s4 ,! ,pr9ce ( ,wales1 foll[$ by ! ,duke ( ,york1 ord]$ ! discont9uance ( ! use ( %oe-/r+s by memb]s ( 8 h\sehold4 ,! buckle mak]s ( ,london & ,we/m9/] foll[$ 9 ! wake ( _! prov9cial bre?r51 by publi%+ an appeal to ! public1 compla9+ t1 h[ev] mis*iev\s ! :im1 h[ev] effem9ate ! appe>ance ( %oe-/r+s1 ! we>+ ( !m /ill increas$1 & hop+ t h5ce=? no philan?ropic fri5d to 8 c\ntry w\ld1 by foll[+ an evil example1 virtually take "p 9 snat*+ ! bread out ( ! m\?s ( ?\s&s ( poor & indu/ri\s families4 ,!y also petition$ ! ,k+ & ,que51 ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales1 ! ,duke & ,du*ess ( ,york1 ! ,pr9cess ,royal1 & h] bro!rs ,cl>5ce & ,gl\ce/]1 to aid !m 9 _! extremity4 ,!y unbosom$ _! c>es to ,k+ ,george z a p>5t & protector ^: s\l 0 8 p's4 ,!y assur$ ,que5 ,*>lotte t h] disapproval ( %oe-/r+s com+ into h] royal pres5ce1 w\ld suffice to re9/ate !m 9 _! =m] bless+s2 :ile !y told ! ,pr9cess t if %e w\ld b we> buckles1 !y %\ld no long] rema9 monum5ts ( sil5t grief1 b commemorate ) grateful peals ( acclamation ! annual return ( ! day :i* %one s propiti\s on _! wants4 ,equally lavi% ( praise & pray] to ! re/ ( ! royal family1 !y res]v$ 7= "s unkn[n reason7 ! mo/ extraord9>y ( _! appeals = ! ,duke ( ,york4 ,aft] in=m+ him t hon\r1 dignity1 & bir? are l ! l&scape :5 ! lum9>y is beh9d a cl\d1 )\t ! rays ( b5efic5ce t++ ea* di/9ction ) its inh]5t brightness1 !y rem9d him t ribbon1 lea!r1 & :ipcord ?reat5 to ru9 a /aple manufacture do+ an incr$ible trade abroad1 & humbly pray 8 ,royal ,highness to disc\rage %oe-/r+s bo? milit>ily & dome/ically4 ,!n !y break out3 ,conceive :at imm5se numb]s ( p]sons h sp5t ! prime ( _! y\? & manhood2 ent]$ into connections2 increas$ _! families2 & emb>k$ _! all1 hav+ ?is trade = a dep5d5ce4 ,_! he>ts ble$+ at ! cruel inconsid]ate caprici\sness ( ,fa%ion2 difficulties & impossibilities rise 9 quick succession to defeat ! probability ( fix+ on any o!r bran* or occupation4 ,! nuptial tie1 pitiably relax$ by reit]at$ sorr[s2 ! *ildr5 cry l\d] & m vehem5tly = food2 ! husb& unmann$2 8 wont$ c\rage fails2 ! wife1 m delicately s5sible1 is n able to resi/ "o ( ! obtrud+ woes :i* cr[d ^u h] m9d4 ,few fri5ds be=e6 less ?an ev] n[6 ,dem&s come quicke/ ^u ! mo/ ne$y1 (t5 rem9d$ ( _! b]eav$ trade1 & no philosoph]'s /one to smoo? ! cr$itor's br[6 ,n[ spread wide ! happy cause1 ! prospect *anges2 ,hope ) *e]+ looks advances4 ,a lett] f ! trade at l>ge in=ms !m ( our appeal to y\r ,royal ,highness4 ,in/antly !y assemble1 & congratulate ea* o!r !y h s glori\s a s\rce ( expectation6 ,hope1 ) magic p[]1 appeas$ _! hung]1 remov$ _! despond5cy1 makes ! manufactur]'s he>t dance ) joy2 & ! ,duke & ,du*ess ( ,york e*oes 9 _! cups1 toa/ aft] toa/4 ,& y\r petition]s w ev] pray4 ,! result ( all ?is 0 t buckles 7 unusually preval5t at ! ,que5's bir?day draw+-room1 held soon aft]w>ds1 :5 ! beauty & brilliancy ( ! buckles worn by ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales1 ! ,duke ( ,york1 & ! ,e>l ( ,fife attract$ g5]al notice & admiration4 ,x 0 b a transi5t triumph3 ,royalty fail$ to control ,fa%ion2 & al?\gh exce$+ly small buckles 7 occasionally se5 d[n to #ahjj1 _! fate 0 seal$1 & by #ahab ! buckle 0 ext9ct4 ,g]man ,silv] & ,:ite ,metals4--,! e>ly silv] plat+ 0 on s(t copp]1 b t[>ds ! end ( ! plat+ p]iod1 an alloy 0 made ) brass 9 ord] to give ! base a great] /r5g? & possibly = reasons ( economy4 ,lat] ,g]man silv] 0 introduc$ z a base4 ,x 0 h>d4 ,x 0 n altoge!r a success1 possibly by reason ( its great] co/4 ,b x _h ! quality ( =m+ a h>d solid basis b5ea? ! silv] plate1 & :5 ! latt] %[$ signs ( we> ! ,g]man silv]1 be+ ( a light col\r1 did n come into undue prom95ce 9 betray+ ! we> & te>4 ,!re is also tut5ag1 an obscure metal1 an alloy ( antimony & z9c :i* 0 kn[n to ! ,*9ese1 ?\gh n mu* has be5 writt5 conc]n+ ?is alloy & its employm5t 9 ?is c\ntry = articles ( arti/ic excell5ce4 ,b c&le/icks & f5d]s h be5 made ( pleas+ appe>ance & hav+ good we>+ qualities4 ,!n !re is ! ,britannia metal p]iod :]e pewt] & ,britannia metal met4 ,9 fact1 dur+ ! latt] days ( ,%effield plat+ !re 7 _m m9or competitors (f]+ sub/itutes = ! silv] plat+ at a l[] price4 ,comm]cialism 0 9 ! air1 & at ! flood ! old me?ods ( plat+ by fusion 7 swept away4 ,! ,factory ,sy/em4--,look$ at f all po9ts ( view ! ,%effield plat+ indu/ry betray$ ! rise ( ! factory sy/em1 z did also ! great ,w$gwood & o!r ,/af=d%ire firms4 ,! factory sy/em1 by reason ( its sy/emization1 apportions set tasks to a *a9 ( individuals1 s t no "o individual c be said to be an arti/-craftsman 9 ! same s5se t he w\ld h be5 9 ! old days4 ,! old ,italian ma/]s comp\nd$ _! own pigm5ts & c>v$ & gild$ _! own frames4 ,life 0 !n m cry/alliz$4 ,! vici\sness ( ! factory sy/em 0 t x de/roy$ ! p]sonality ( ! craftsman4 ,9 latt] days /rong movem5ts h be5 inaugurat$ to attempt to revive art indu/ries :]e ! arti/ craftsm5 w n be oblit]at$ "u ! "n ( a firm or a syndicate4 ,! ,end ( ! ,/ory4--,x has be5 %[n ?r\gh\t ?is volume t old ,%effield plate by reason ( its arti/ic excell5ce1 %\ld be treasur$ & lov$4 ,its fa%ion+ is mo/ c]ta9ly a lo/ art4 ,! old me?ods h disappe>$ = ev]4 ,x w\ld be impossible to procure workm5 n[adays ) ! f9e in/9ct %[n by ^? "u ! old rgime4 ,if a return 7 made to ! old process 9 lieu ( ! solid plate2 if1 let x be grant$1 t electro-plate 7 sup]s$$ by a freak ( fa%ion :i* dem&$ ,%effield plate 9 ! old mann]1 ! op]ation w\ld /ill be impossible4 ,! co/ ( produc+ ,%effield plate by fusion & roll+ w\ld be great] ?an if x 7 solid silv]4 ,h5ce collectors h realiz$ ! value1 n only /hetically b ! actual value ( a f9e s]ies ( wond]ful works ( art produc$ 9 an arti/ic mann] :i* c nev] come aga94 ,x has be5 collect$ by f> see+ en?usia/s1 & !y h b\ght at prices :i* w nev] occur aga94 ,rec5tly at ,*ri/ie's a set ( f\r ,adam /yle c&le/icks br\ght ?irty-two p\nds4 ,b ?is 0 n too mu* = s spl5did a te*nique4 ,& )\t d\bt old ,%effield plate1 especially 9 examples t are n =?com+ z hav+ be5 made 9 silv] plate1 w comm& mu* high] prices 9 ! future4 ,engli% e>!nw>e 9 "s in/ances has eclips$ porcela9 9 reg>d to prices "u ! hamm]1 & engrav+s aft] pa9t+s 9 oil f9ely execut$ 9 a ma/]ly te*nique1 nev] aga9 to be equall$ or attempt$1 h won a great] acclamation at auction ?an ! orig9als4 ,te*nique is a factor & a great det]m9+ factor 9 collect+1 & s\nd connoisseur%ip recognizes ?is4 ,old ,%effield plat$ w>e 9 its f9e/ p]iod exhibits "o ( ! mo/ surpris+ te*niques 9 metal "w ev] produc$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,,app5dix ,i ,,examples ,,%[+ ,,types ,,( ,,hall ,,m>ks ,,on ,,silv] ,,plate ,us$ by ! v>i\s ,assay ,(fices 9 op]ation dur+ ! ,manufacture ( ,%effield ,plat$ ,w>e ,,ii ,,examples ,,( ,,m>ks ,f\nd on old ,%effield ,plate dur+ ! p]iod #agec to #ahdj ,i ,,examples ,,%[+ ,,types ,,( ,,hall ,,m>ks ,,on ,,silv] ,,plate#c ,us$ by ! v>i\s ,assay ,(fices3 ,london1 ,exet]1 ,*e/]1 ,newca/le-^u-,tyne1 ,york1 ,%effield1 ,birm+ham1 ,ed9burgh1 ,glasg[1 ,dubl91 & ,cork ,footnote #c3 ,! ,position ( ,m>ks4--,m>ks are n plac$ on old silv] 9 a /raight l9e4 ,!y are %[n 9 ?is mann] = conv5i5ce1 & are ! au?or's own arrangem5t4 ,!y are 9 practice irregul>ly /amp$ & sometimes upside d[n4 ,! mak] put 8 /amp on ! piece prior to s5d+ x to ! ,assay ,(fice4 ,! rema9+ /amps 7 done "u ! directions ( ! ,w>d5s4 ,al?\gh ! mak]'s m>k 0 /amp$ fir/1 "s ( ! o!r m>ks 7 plac$ on ei!r side ( x4 ,! foll[+ s]ies ( ,hall ,m>ks on ,silv] by ! v>i\s ,assay ,(fices are giv5 z !y fix ! exact date :5 c]ta9 types ( silv] 7 made1 & ! mak]'s /amp ) initials enables id5tification4 ,x is only by comp>ison ) orig9al examples ( dat$ silv] t approximate dates c be asc]ta9$ ( old ,%effield plate :i* set out to copy silv]4 ,accord+ly1 ! "w ( ! foll[+ ,london mak]s %\ld be /udi$ ) a view to e/abli%+ ! orig9al design]s ( _m ( ! old ,%effield replicas4 ,! foll[+ great ma/]s came on ! ?re%old ( ! ,%effield plate inv5tion3 ,paul ,crisp9 7#agdc72 ,paul ,lam]ie 7#agdf72 ,john ,cafe 7#agdi72 ,pet] ,taylor 7,tea ,caddies7 7#agdg72 ,fr$]ick ,k&l] 7,ink/&s7 7#ageg72 ,?omas ,:ipham 7#agdg72 ,john ,swift 7,c(fee ,pots7 7#agdi72 ,ri*>d ,rugg 7#aged72 ,william ,grundy 7#ageg72 ,edw>d ,wakel9 7#agec72 ,isaac ,duke 7,sauce ,boats7 7#agdc72 ,simon ,j\et 7#agdg72 ,george ,wickes 7,c&le/icks7 7#agej72 ,samuel ,taylor 7,caddies1 ,sug> ,bas9s7 7#agef72 ,h5ry ,h]b]t 7#agec74 ,:5 ! ,%effield indu/ry 0 at its height ! foll[+ ,london mak]s _h e/abli%$ a reputation = v>i\s classes ( designs :i* !y _h made _! own4 ,sug> ,bas9s 7,f9e pi]c$ & fe/oon "w73 ,b5jam9 ,gignac 7#agfa72 ,j4 ,d5izl[ 7#agha72 ,h5ry ,*awn] 7#agib72 ,l4 ,h]ne & ,f4 ,butty 7#agej72 ,daniel ,smi? & ,rob]t ,%>p 7#agfi72 ,s4 ,h]b]t ,co4 7#agfg74 ,cream ,jugs1 ,sauce ,boats3 ,samuel ,m]iton 7#agfa72 ,walt] ,br9d 7#agfc72 ,p>k] & ,wakel9 7#agge72 ,james ,wilkes 7#aghd72 ,pet] & ,anne ,bateman 7#agia74 ,c&elabra & ,c&le/icks3 ,rob]t ,h5nell 7#aggg72 ,wakelyn & ,taylor 7#aghb72 ,john ,tayleur 7#aghf72 ,john ,s*(ield 7#aghf74 ,c5trepieces3 ,william ,plumm] 7,adam ,/yle1 #aghg74 ,ture5s & ,s]vices3 ,dave ,smi? & ,rob]t ,%>p 7#agdg72 ,?omas ,hem+ 7#aggb72 ,william ,pitts & ,joseph ,pre$y 7#agic72 ,rob]t ,%>p 7,w9e ,cool]s7 7#ahjc72 ,samuel ,h5nell 7,w9e ,cool]s7 7#ahac72 ,paul ,/orr 7#agif-ahbj74 ,pun* ,ladles3 ,doro?y ,mills 7#agga74 ,salt ,cell>s3 ,daniel ,h5nell 7#ageh74 ,ink/&s3 ,?omas ,hem+ 7#agfd74 ,toa/$ ,*eese ,di%es3 ,?omas ,hem+ 7#aggi74 ,tea ,urns3 ,orl&o ,jackson 7#agga74 ,teapots & ,c(fee ,pots3 ,william ,plumm] 7,teapots & ,caddies7 7#agfd72 ,fr$]ick ,knopfell 7#agfe72 ,samuel ,taylor 7,caddies7 7#aggj72 ,w4 ,cripps 7#agfb72 ,samuel ,wood 7#aghe72 ,william ,%aw 7,caddies7 7#aghh72 ,rob]t ,g>r>d 7#ahje72 ,philip ,rundell 7#ahai74 ,,london ,illu/ration3 #aggi ,illu/ration3 #agih ,illu/ration3 #ahbf ,,exet] ,illu/ration3 #agdh ,! date lett]s ( ! v>i\s ,london alphabets are readily asc]ta9able4 ,! diff]5ces 9 ! %ape ( ! %ields are n great2 ! leop>d lo/ 8 cr[n 9 #ahba & has be5 cat-l 9 appe>ance ev] s9ce4 ,exet] cont9u$ z an ,assay ,(fice till #ahhb1 b ,york1 :i* 0 n m5tion$ among ! ,assay ,(fices 9 #aggc1 recomm5c$ ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury & cont9u$ till #ahgj4 ,its m>k 0 a ,/4 ,george's ,cross & five dim9utive ,lions4 ,newca/le-^u-,tyne simil>ly discont9u$ assay+ silv] 9 #ahhd4 ,exet]4--,! m>k1 z is %[n1 is a ca/le ) ?ree t[]s4 ,! ,date ,lett]s 7 ,a-,y 7#aggc-agif74 ,! lett] ,i 0 us$ = two ye>s #agha & #aghb4 ,a-,u 7#agig-ahaf7 9 squ>e %ield & a-u 7#ahag-ahcf7 9 squ>e %ield ) f\r corn]s cut (f4 ,ab\t #agge ! foll[+ silv]smi?s' m>ks are f\nd on ,exet] silv]3 ,ri*>d ,j5k9s1 ,william ,c(f91 ,ri*>d ,freeman1 & ,?omas ,?orne 7,plym\?71 ,david ,hawk9s 7,plym\?71 ,william ,h>vey 7,plym\?71 ,ri*>d ,bidlake 7,plym\?74 ,*e/]4--,! ,t[n ,m>k =m]ly 0 ?ree ,demi-,lions ) :eat%eaves on a %ield4 ,9 #agge x 0 *ang$ to ?ree ,:eat%eaves ) a dagg]1 :i* is /ill 9 use at ! ,*e/] ,assay ,(fice4 ,9 addition !re is ! ,lion passant & ! ,leop>d's head d5ot+ /]l+ silv]1 z at ,london4 ,newca/le-^u-,tyne4--,! complete ,m>ks are ! ,lion passant1 ! ,leop>d's head1 ! ,t[n or ,hall m>k ( ?ree ,ca/les1 ! ,date ,lett]1 ! ,mak]'s ,m>k1 & ! ,duty ,m>k ( ! sov]eign's head us$1 z at all o!r (fices1 till #ahij1 :5 ! duty on silv] plate 0 aboli%$4 ,%effield4--,an ,assay ,(fice 0 e/abli%$ by ,act ( ,p>liam5t 9 #aggc 7#ac ,george ,,iii1 ,cap4 #eb71 & ,%effield obta9$ ! rights to hall m>k silv]4 ,x is un=tunate t betwe5 #aggc & #ahbc ! date lett]s 7 tak5 at r&om4 ,! difficulty ( id5tify+ silv] plate betwe5 ^! two dates 7an important p]iod7 is !reby increas$ by ?is irregul> *oice ( ! ,gu>dians ( ! ,wr\ght ,silv] ,plate ( ,%effield4 ,x is z ?\gh !y _h design$ly set conundrums = po/]ity :i* none ( ! o!r ,assay ,(fices did ) _! regul> s]ies ( date lett]s4 ,b f #ahbd-ahdc ! alphabet d5ot+ ! date runs f a-z 7! lett]s i1 j1 n1 o1 w & y be+ omitt$71 & f #ahdd-ahfg ! alphabet 0 ,a-,z 7,j & ,q be+ omitt$74 ,! m>ks on ! opposite page h be5 tak5 f specim5s ( silv] plate hall-m>k$ by ! v>i\s prov9cial ,assay ,(fices4 ,! ,*e/] silv]smi?s made a v>iety ( excell5t plate4 ,!re 0 ,ri*>d ,ri*>dson ^: designs 7 9 ! ,que5 ,anne /yle1 & d\btless attract$ ! att5tion ( ,%effield4 ,9 #agfh ,bolton & ,fo!rgill made a v>iety ( articles1 includ+ "s f9e c&le/icks1 & o!r silv]smi?s ab\t #agge ^: m>ks 7 /amp$ at ,*e/] are3 ,geo4 ,walk]1 ,jas4 ,dixon1 ,gimble & ,vale 7,birm+ham71 ,john ,gimlet 7,birm+ham71 ,ralph ,wakefield 7,liv]pool71 ,*ri/ian ,?yme 7,liv]pool71 & ,ralph ,fi%] 7,liv]pool74 ,! m>k giv5 ( ! ,newca/le-^u-,tyne ,assay ,(fice is f a ,c(fee ,pot4 ,al?\gh ( a slightly e>li] p]iod x exhibits ! type ( m>k4 ,newca/le produc$ _m tank>ds1 teapots & c(fee pots ( pla9 "* & simple =m t ,%effield 9 ! e>ly days might h essay$ to copy4 ,! foll[+ names ( ! ,newca/le mak]s may assi/ possessors ( ,%effield plat$ w>e to e/abli% a p>allel3 ,isaac ,cookson 7#ageb72 ,rob]t ,makepeace 7sauceboats7 7#aged72 ,langl&s & ,goodri*e 7#aged72 ,langl&s & ,rob]tson 7#agid74 ,at ,york 9 #ahai ,rob]t ,cottle & ,j4 ,b>b] 7 at "w z silv]smi?s4 ,a teapot ( t date made by !m exhibits f9e design4 ,e>ly aft] ! pass+ ( ! ,act 9 #aggc ! ,%effield silv]smi?s di/+ui%$ !mselves by produc+ f9e c&le/icks1 & among ! e>ly mak]s' m>ks ) ! ,%effield hall m>k ( ! ,cr[n z ! ,t[n ,m>k ( ,%effield1 is t ( ,samuel ,rob]ts ,co41 & ?is is f\nd toge!r ) ! m>k ( ! ,lion passant & ! ,leop>d's head4 ,ano!r m>k on c&le/icks ( silv] 7#agia7 is ,i4 ,p4 ,co4 7,j4 ,p>sons ,co474 ,t ,%effield made silv] plate be=e ?is is %[n by ! evid5ce be=e ! ,select ,committee ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons 9 #aggc1 allud$ to on page #fc4 ,,*e/] ,illu/ration3 #agge ,mak]1 ,ri*>d ,ri*>dson4 ,illu/ration3 #ahjj ,,newca/le-,,^u-,,tyne ,illu/ration3 #agcg ,,york ,illu/ration3 #ahjj ,,%effield ,illu/ration3 #aggh ,! ,birm+ham ,assay ,(fice came into be+ 9 #aggc "u ! same ,act z t gov]n+ ,%effield 7#ac ,george ,,iii1 ,cap4 #eb74 ,! m>ks are an ,an*or 7! ,t[n ,m>k71 a ,lion passant1 ,date ,lett]1 ,mak]'s initials1 & ! ,duty ,m>k ( ! sov]eign's head f #aggf4 ,scotti% m>ks come "u ano!r s]ies ( ,acts & are a field to !mselves4 ,besides ,ed9burgh & ,glasg[ m>ks ! numb] ( ,scotti% m>ks is legion 7,/]l+1 ,p]?1 ,inv]ness1 ,dundee1 ,ab]de51 ,banff1 etc474 ,ed9burgh us$ ! ,/&>d m>k ( ! ,?i/le aft] #agei 9 place ( ! ,lion passant f\nd on ,engli% silv]4 ,! hall m>k is a ,ca/le ) ?ree t[]s4 ,! alphabets ( ,date ,lett]s ,a-,z & ! ,mak]'s initials h be5 regul>ly us$ s9ce ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,! ,duty ,m>k ( ! sov]eign's head 0 add$ 9 #aghd4 ,x 0 also =m]ly usual to add ! ,assay ma/]'s initials4 ,glasg[1 9 hon\r ( h] patron sa9t1 ,/4 ,k5tig]n 7kn[n also z ,/4 ,mungo7 has a hall m>k ( a ,tree ) a bird on upp]mo/ bran*es1 a ,bell susp5d$ & a ,salmon transv]sely across ! trunk4 ,?is fi% has a r+ 9 its m\?1 ! latt] allud+ to ! miracle ( ! recov]y ( ! la/ r+ ( ,que5 ,caidy[4 ,! ,/&>d ,m>k is ! ,lion ,rampant1 us$ aft] #ahai1 & ! ,mak]'s ,m>k 8 initials4 ,! ,duty ,m>k ( ! sov]eign's head 0 ! same z at ,ed9burgh4 ,dubl9 m>ks h a figure ( ,hib]nia1 a ,h>p & ,cr[n1 toge!r ) ,mak]'s ,m>k & ! ,date ,lett]4 ,! ,cork m>ks are v>i$4 ,sometimes !re is a ca/le /amp$ twice & sometimes only ! ^w ,,/]l+ & ! ,mak]'s initials or m>k4 ,birm+ham4--,among ! mak]s ( silv] plate we f9d ,mat!w ,b\lton1 :o also made plat$ w>e1 ) f9e silv] c&le/icks ) ! hall m>k & date lett] = #agid4 ,! date lett]s ( ! ,birm+ham alphabets run3 ,a-,z ,roman capitals 7#aggc-agih72 a-z small ,roman 7#agih-ahbd72 ,a,z ,old ,engli% capitals 7#ahbd-ahdi72 etc4 ,ed9burgh4--,among ! well-kn[n mak]s are ,joseph ,k]r 7#agij7 & ,patrick ,rob]tson 7#aggh74 ,an example is giv5 ( ! m>k ( ! latt] f\nd on a ,c(fee ,pot made 9 #agfi4 ,dubl94--,!re are a numb] ( mak]s ) a reputation = f9e designs4 ,r4 ,cald]wood 7#agfj72 ,george ,be]e 7#agfj72 ,j4 ,laughl9 7#agfe72 ,/eph5 ,wal% 7#agfe72 ,w4 ,t[n%5d 7#agfe72 ,w ,hughes 7#aggj72 ,william ,hom] 7#agga72 ,d>by ,kehoe 7#agga72 ,capel ,h>rison 7#agga72 ,?omas ,lilly 7#aggb72 ,*>les ,t[n%5d 7#aggc72 ,?omas ,jones 7#agge72 ,rob]t ,williams 7#aggf72 ,john ,nickl9 7#aghj72 ,mat!w ,wal% 7#aghj72 ,william ,law 7#agij72 ,mat!w ,we/ 7#agia72 ,rob]t ,bread+ 7#ahjb72 & ,james le ,bas 7#ahai74 ,! initials ( ^! mak]s w be f\nd on ,iri% silv] ( ! p]iod4 ,cork4--,"h !re 7 f9e designs ( an unusual "* produc$4 ,rob]t ,goble1 an e>ly mak]1 _h left a tradition4 ,!re 0 ,george ,hodd] 7#agde-aggj7 :o made f9e c(fee pots & o!r articles4 ,john ,williams 7#aghj7 :o produc$ sug> baskets f9ely pi]c$ & *as$ 9 classic /yle1 & !re 0 ,jona?an ,buck1 :o 0 r5[n$ = 8 magnific5t rep\ss & *as$ "w 9 cream jugs & ! l1 :o sign$ 8 pieces sometimes ,j4 ,buck1 9 script1 & sometimes /amp$ !m ) ! m>k ( ! buck4 ,,birm+ham ,illu/ration3 #ahjd ,,ed9burgh ,illu/ration3 #agfi ,mak]1 ,patrick ,rob]tson4 ,,glasg[ ,illu/ration3 #ahbd ,,dubl9 ,illu/ration3 c4 #aggj ,mak]1 ,w ,haynes4 ,,cork ,illu/ration3 c4 #agfd ,mak]1 ,jona?an ,buck4 ,,ii ,,examples ,,( ,,m>ks ,f\nd on old ,%effield ,plate dur+ ! p]iod f #agec to #ahdj toge!r ) ,m>ks on ,fr5* ,silv] ,plat$ ,w>e ,! bell1 ! cross$ arr[s 7?ree & f\r71 ! cross$ keys1 ! p9eapple1 ! orb1 ! h&1 are all m>ks us$ by ,%effield mak]s4 ,! foll[+ firms are well kn[n3--,rob]ts1 ,cadman ,co41 ,goodman ,co41 ,p>sons ,co41 ,wilk9son ,co41 ,williams ,co41 ,dixon & ,sons1 ,holy ,co41 ,ga9s=d1 ,walk] ,kn[les ,co41 all ( ,%effield4 ,at ,birm+ham !re 0 ,mat!w ,b\lton1 & ! ,soho ,co41 ,h>dy & o!rs4 ,9 ,london !re 7 _m firms settl$ 9 ! ,soho di/rict4 ,! cross keys1 illu/rat$1 is ! m>k ( ,h4 ,wilk9son ,co4 7=m]ly ,john ,p>sons ,co471 ,%effield1 ?\gh dur+ :at p]iod ?is 0 us$ is n det]m9$4 ,! ,orb 7t is1 ! ball & cross7 0 ! trade m>k ( ,walk] ,kn[les ,co41 ,%effield1 b exactitude 9 reg>d to ! p]iod ( its use is lack+4 ,! op5 h& 0 ! sign ( ,messrs4 ,watson1 ,%effield1 & ! cross$ arr[s ( ,messrs4 ,f5ton1 ,creswick ,co41 ,%effield4 ,! orig9al firm ,rob]ts1 ,cadman & ,co41 :o comm5c$ bus9ess 9 #aghd1 us$ ! ,bell z a m>k4 ,!y also us$1 z is illu/rat$1 ,r4,c4 ,co4 & ,r4,c4 ,co4 ,pat5t4 ,! latt] m>k is /amp$ on a c&le/ick made ab\t #agig4 ,9 ! same p]iod ,rob]ts1 ,cadman ,co4 produc$ ,c(fee ,pots ) ,ivory ,p9e ,knob z adv]tis$ 9 _! catalogues ( t date4 ,!re 7 ,t9d] ,boxes at #ajs4 #f;d4 ea* ) ext+ui%] ) *a9 & c&le/ick on top4 ,! ,tea ,urns 7 pric$ at twelve gu9eas circul> or globul> %ap$4 ,! ,tea ,caddies plat$ inside ) silv] edges 7 #des4 ea*1 & "s cups & cream ew]s 7 gilt inside4 ,!y made also at ?is date ,lamp ,hold]s to fit into c&le sockets1 & ,tap] ,hold]s4 ,! firm aft]w>ds became ,rob]ts1 ,smi? ,co41 !n ,smi?1 ,sissons ,co41 & 7 succe$$ by ,w4 ,g4 ,sissons1 :o are /ill cont9u+ ! bus9ess & are silv]smi?s & electro-plat]s4 ,! ?ree cross$ arr[s m>k is int]e/+4 ,x is claim$ to h be5 us$ by ,messrs4 ,f5ton1 ,creswick ,co41 ,%effield4 ,! m>k illu/rat$ ) f\r cross$ arr[s is t ( ,t4 ,j4 ,creswick 7#ahaa74 ,) x is giv5 ano!r cross$ arr[ m>k ( two cross$ arr[s adopt$ by ! ,%effield ,assay ,(fice to /amp on ,=eign silv] assay$ at t (fice 9 #aijd2 be=e t only ! lett] ,f 9 an oval 0 us$1 b by #d ,edw>d ,,vii1 ,cap4 #f all ,assay ,(fices _h to adopt a new /yle1 & ,%effield select$ ! cross$ arr[s4 ,9 #aijf ! m>k 0 *ang$ to ! "o illu/rat$1 :i* is /ill us$ on =eign silv] s5t to ,%effield = assay & sale 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m>k ,,( ,,rob]ts1 ,,cadman ,,co41 ,,%effield 7#aghd74 ,! firm became ,rob]ts1 ,smi? ,co41 !n ,smi?1 ,sissons ,co41 & is n[ ,messrs4 ,w4 ,g4 ,sissons1 :o /ill use ! m>k4 7,see illu/rations f ,r4 ,c4 ,co4's ,patt]n ,books1 pp4 #ge1 #ahc47 ,illu/ration3 ,,m>ks ,,( ,,rob]ts1 ,,cadman ,,co4 ,f\nd on ,c&le/icks ) silv] edges4 ,9 #ahbd ,rob]ts ( ,%effield took out a pat5t = a new me?od ( apply+ silv] edges to snuff] trays1 cream jugs1 sauce boats1 c4 ,^! are f\nd /amp$ ,,silv]3,,edgd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m>k ,,( ,,?omas ,,james ,,creswick1 ,,%effield 7#ahaa74 ,,m>ks ,,on ,,=eign ,,silv] ,,plate ,,assay$ ,,at ,,%effield4 7#aijd47 7#aijf47 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,p>sons ,,co4 ,,us$ ,,! ,,m>k ,,( ,,! ,,cross$ ,,keys ,,f #aghd4 7,see ,illu/rations f ,patt]n ,books1 pp4 #ada1 #ade1 #aea1 #agi1 #aia47 ,! ,m>k z above is t ( ,h4 ,wilk9son ,co41 _! successors4 ,_m f9e examples ( old ,%effield plate are unm>k$4 ,:]e m>ks are f\nd x is n always possible1 except by inf]5ce1 to det]m9e at :at p>ticul> date ! mak]s /amp$ su* m>ks1 t is at :at date ! specim5 0 made4 ,obvi\sly ! /yle ( decoration indicates approximately ! p]iod1 z ! ,%effield plat]s set out to (f] w>e z fa%ionable z silv]4 ,?is is det]m9able by comp>ison ) simil> examples made by ! silv]smi?s4 ,b :]eas silv] plate 0 accurately dat$ :5 x bore ! /amp ( ! annual date lett]1 :]ev] made1 ,%effield plat$ w>e _c (f] ?is exactitude4 ,m>ks :5 f\nd are useful z indicat+ ! initials ( old firms :o h manufactur$ plate f ! e>lie/ p]iod & are /ill 9 bus9ess4 ,b _m ( ! m>ks 7 us$ ov] a long p]iod & only by comp>ison ) silv] prototypes c dates be arriv$ at4 ,x has be5 %[n 7p4 #fc7 t 9 #aggc :5 ,%effield & ,birm+ham 7 made ,assay t[ns t silv] plate 0 be+ made !re1 contemporane\sly ) plat$ w>es & presumably by ! same firms4 ,! evid5ce be=e ! ,p>liam5t>y ,committee 9 #aggc %[$ t ,%effield _h h] silv] assay$ 9 ,london1 & t ,birm+ham _h also "s ( h] silv] assay$ 9 ,*e/]4 ,x !re=e foll[s t _m examples ( silv] plate be>+ ! ,london & ,*e/] hall m>ks 7 made at ,%effield & at ,birm+ham--& 9 ! p]iod f ! inv5tion ( plat$ w>e at ,%effield by ,b\lsov] till ! ye> #aggc4 ,"o ( ! weake/ po9ts 9 reg>d to m>ks on plat$ w>e is und\bt$ly ! abs5ce ( real pro( z to date4 ,simil> m>ks are f\nd cov]+ a p]iod too long = "o mak]'s work+ lifetime4 ,x foll[s t !y repres5t firms2 (t5 accompany+ ^!1 ?\gh n always1 are signs also f\nd ?r\gh a long p]iod & on v>i\s classes ( w>e1 :i* are /at$ to be workm5's m>ks4 ,9 old ,worce/] *9a signs n und]/ood & /&+ ap>t f ! factory m>k ( ! cresc5t or ! squ>e ,*9ese m>k are attribut$ to workm54 ,!re id5tity ceases4 ,x is ! same1 un=tunately1 ) old ,%effield plate4 ,t ! ,%effield plat]s did attempt to simulate ! ,london m>ks on silv] plate is only too true4 ,9 "s examples ) a r[ ( m>ks1 a v col\rable imitation ( ! leop>d's head is se5 & ! public might well be deceiv$4 ,b aft] #aggc ?is practice became too dang]\s4 ,9 fact ! p5alties 7 s sev]e t mak]s fe>$ to m>k plat$ goods until ! #aghd ,act laid d[n cle>] rules4 ,! m>k consi/+ ( f\r /amps ab\t #ahae 9 date is int]e/+4 ,! casque sugge/s a head1 & ! fleur-de-lys might1 :5 worn1 sugge/ ! ,%effield cr[n on silv] plate4 ,! ,g has all ! appe>ance ( a date lett]4 ,su* m>ks h a some:at s9i/] appe>ance1 z !y und\bt$ly by _! numb] & "* 7 attempt+ to simulate ! hall m>ks on silv] plate4 ,9 reg>d to ,=eign m>ks on silv] plat$ w>e t 0 produc$ 9 ! me?od ( old ,%effield1 !re are examples kn[n to h be5 made 9 ,france & 9 ,russia1 & x is believ$ t !y 7 also made 9 ,holl& & 9 ,sw$54 ,! promulgation ( ! old ,patt]n ,books by ,%effield at ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury d\btless _h an influ5ce on metal work]s on ! ,cont95t1 :o 7 nev] sl[ 9 assimilat+ new processes1 especially :5 !y (f]$1 z did ,%effield1 a less5$ co/ ( production & an appe>ance simulat+ some?+ f9]4 ,! legal enactm5ts relat+ to ! m>k+ ( ,fr5* plat$ w>e are ref]r$ to on p4 #bji4 ,! illu/rations ( m>ks f\nd on ,fr5* silv] plat$ articles are int]e/+4 ,! au?orities 7 /rict 9 reg>d to an exact def9ition 9 ! m>k to d5ote to ! public ! exact nature ( ! w>e (f]$ = sale4 ,9 contradi/9ction to ! slov5l9ess ( ,engli% m>k+ ?is exhibits ! logical & protective sy/em devis$ "u ,fr5* laws4 ,! articles _h to be /amp$ ,d\bl 7replica7 or ,plaqu 7plat$71 & z is %[n 9 ! illu/ration 9 no illegible mann]4 ,!re 0 no simulation ( ! ,fr5* silv] plate m>ks all[$1 & ! quantity ( silv] 0 duly /amp$ #aj,m or #bj,m1 z ! case might be4 ,! mak]1 z w be se51 _h 8 m>k1 b x took a subsidi>y place4 ,! public _h to be protect$ fir/4 ,9 reg>d to ,close ,plat+1 :i* z a process came ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 & 0 appli$ to small] articles :]e ! roll$ %eets 7 n applicable1 !re are a numb] ( m>ks f\nd on =ks & spoons1 snuff]s & skew]s1 on spurs & buckles1 dess]t knives & =ks1 & o!r articles ( a l nature4 ,electro-plat+ 0 discov]$ ab\t #ahdj1 & a pat5t 0 tak5 out by ,george & ,h5ry ,elk+ton ( ,birm+ham at t date4 ,! electro-plat$ m>ks are impos+4 ,9 worn examples ! r[ ( five /amps is n deciph]able4 ,:at !y 7 orig9ally x is n easy to say1 b !y h be5 design$ to appe> m important ?an !y are4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m>k ,,( ,,mat!w ,,b\lton1 ,,soho ,,plate ,,works1 ,,birm+ham4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%am ,,m>ks ,,/amp$ ,,on ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,w>e ,,to ,,simulate ,,! ,,hall ,,m>ks ,,on ,,silv] ,,plate4 7,f\nd on late ,eighte5?-,c5tury ,hot ,wat] ,jug47 ,illu/ration3 ,,imitation ,,m>ks ,,/amp$ ,,on ,,%effield ,,plat$ ,,w>e ,,to ,,simulate ,,hall ,,m>ks ,,on ,,silv] ,,plate4 7,f\nd on ,salt ,cell>s 9 date ab\t #ahae47 ,illu/ration3 ,,m>ks ,,on ,,fr5* ,,silv] ,,plat$ ,,w>e1 ,,plaqu ,,or ,,d\bl1 ,,cle>ly ,,%[+ ,,t ,,x ,,is ,,plat$1 ,,& ,,n ,,silv] ,,plate4 ,! upp] m>k 7,plaqu7 is on a ,ture5 ab\t #ahaf4 ,! l[] m>k 7,d\bl7 is on ! ,c(fee ,pot illu/rat$ 7p4 #baa74 ,a great numb] ( m>ks appe> on close plat$ articles4 ,horday ,co41 ,s4,g41 ,e4,s41 ,s4,j4 & o!rs4 ,b _! id5tity is n kn[n4 ,nor is x v significant4 ,an int]e/+ m>k1 ,sly4 ,dubl91 is f\nd on a skew] 9 ! e>ly p]iod4 ,probably sev5ty-five p] c5t4 ( examples ( old ,%effield plate are unm>k$1 ?\gh !y exhibit f9e craftsman%ip :i* any mak] might well h be5 pr\d to h /amp$ ) 8 initials _h ! ,act ( #aggc be5 fram$ suffici5tly cle> to enable mak]s to v5ture /amp+ plat$ w>e at all ) safety4 ,anonym\s1 !re=e1 z mo/ ( ! be/ ,%effield plate ( ! be/ p]iod is1 x be>s on ! face ( x ! hall m>k ( exquisite workman%ip4 ,collectors ( old ,%effield plate make a great mi/ake 9 con/antly dem&+ t examples be m>k$4 ,if ?is dem& = m>ks on old ,%effield plate be insi/$ ^u1 ! m>ks w accord+ly be suppli$4 ,!re is no?+ to prev5t /amps be+ made to repres5t "s ( ! m>ks f\nd on old ,%effield plate1 & unm>k$ pieces w soon be> m>ks & /raightway become m saleable4 ,! public by incessant clam\r drive ^? responsible = provid+ = its wants into devi\s pa?s4 ,! deal] 9 old ,%effield plate has scores ( f9e unm>k$ examples & he is wi%ful to sell !m z su*4 ,!y are und\bt$ly old & ( f9e quality4 ,x %\ld be ! ideal ( ! collector to "k ! te*nique ( 8 subject s well t ! arti/ic beauty & ! skilful craftsman%ip ( an example %\ld make its appeal to 8 tra9$ scrut9y irrespective z to :e!r !re is any mak]'s m>k on ! piece or n4 ,! seams on old pieces %[+ jo9s are a f> bett] te/ ( old workman%ip z betwe5 old ,%effield plat+ & mod]n electro-plat+4 ,^! seams are ! hall m>ks ( ! mak]s a c5tury & a c5tury & a half ago4 ,,index ,abbots=d1 ,scott's introduction ( gas at1 #aaf ,adam design1 example ( hot wat] jug1 #bbh ,adam /yle ( design1 !1 #he ,addison omits ,%akespe>e f li/ ( great poets1 #ea ,adv]tisem5t ( ,p9*beck 7#agcb71 #ed ,allan ,david1 copyi/ ( old ma/]s1 #ba ,anonymity ( ,%effield plat$ w>e1 #bhi ,arr[s1 ! cross$1 z a m>k1 v>i\s types (1 #bhf ,arti/ic value ( old ,%effield plate1 #fj1 #fa ,assay (fices1 examples ( m>ks us$ at1 #bgd-bhb ,bel[ ! salt1 its mean+1 #acf ,birm+ham ,assay ,(fice1 in/itution (1 #da ,birm+ham-- hall m>ks on silv] plate1 #bha its silv] plat$ m>ks regi/]$ at ,%effield1 #fh silv] plat]s1 rise (1 #fh ,b\lsov]1 ,?omas 7#agjd-aghh71 inv5tor ( ,%effield silv] plat+1 #df obitu>y notice (1 #dg ,b\lton1 ,mat!w1 ,birm+ham 7,b\lton & ,fo!rgill71 7,m4 ,b\lton & ,co471 #fh ,buckle mak]s1 !1 #bfb ,buttons made by ,?omas ,b\lsov]1 #dg1 #ec ,button mak]s 9 ,dubl9 7#agib71 #gc ,cab9et mak]s1 ,fr5*1 /amp$ m>ks (1 #bcg ,caddies1 tea1 & _! mak]s1 #aif ,cadman1 ,rob]t1 & ,co41 7,%effield71 #hi ,cake baskets1 ,%effield plat$1 #afe ,c&elabra-- & c&le/icks1 #gi-aca old silv]1 ,london mak]s (1 #bgd ,c&elabrum1 !-- its v>ieties1 #ij ! tri-=m1 #aae ,c&le/ick-- ! *amb]1 #aai ! table1 #abj ,c&le/icks-- e>ly types1 #ha f eighte5? c5tury ,patt]n ,books1 #gd1 #hf1 #hi old silv]1 ,london mak]s (1 #bgd ,%effield plat$1 _! price1 #bfi ,c>t]et's ,drunk5 ,adm9i/ration1 #dh ,c5trepiece1 !1 #bde ,c5trepieces1 old silv]1 ,london mak]s (1 #bgd ,*air-backs1 a te/ to apply to _! beauty1 #aji ,*e/] hall m>ks on silv] plate1 #bgg ,*e/]--,liv]pool1 & ,birm+ham silv]smi?s' "w assay$ at1 #bgh ,*9a factories1 ,d]by & ,worce/]1 orig9 (1 #di ,*ipp5dale *air-backs1 ! te/ ( _! beauty1 #aji ,*ri/ie's1 price ( ,%effield plat$ c&le/icks sold at1 #bfi ,close plat+1 #bfa ,coa/]s 7decant] /&s71 #aff ,c(fee pots1 #bjf ,c(fee pots1 old silv]1 ,london mak]s (1 #bgd ,contempor>y silv] designs 9 ,%effield plat$ p]iod1 #bgd1 #bgh1 #bha1 #bhb ,cont95tal trade1 ,%effield plat]s &1 #aed ,copyi/s ( old ma/]s1 #ba ,cream jugs1 old silv]1 ,london mak]s (1 #bgd ,dang] ( public clam\r = m>ks1 #bic ,date ( examples1 ,%effield plat$1 abs5ce ( pro( (1 #bhi ,dea? p5alties = tamp]+ ) silv] plate1 ,geo4 ,,iii 7#ahae71 #dh ,decant] /&s1 #aff ,decad5ce 9 design1 9 c&le/icks1 #abf ,design ,book1 ,%effield ,plate1 eighte5? c5tury1 #aci ,design]1 !1 8 greate/ asset1 :at to omit1 #aji ,de/ruction ( old ,%effield plate1 #bec ,die "w 9 ,%effield plat+1 #hb ,dies1 de/ruction ( old ,%effield plate1 #bej ,d9n] table1 pass+ ( !1 #bed ,di% r+s1 ,%effield plat$1 #agg ,drunk5 habits ( eighte5? c5tury1 #ahi ,duties on silv]1 eighte5? & n9ete5? c5turies1 #dh ,economic sub/itution1 #bb ,electro plat+1 its inv5tion1 #bij ,empire /yle c&elabrum1 #aaf ,engli% craftsman%ip1 imitativ5ess (1 #bg ,engli% porcela9 factories1 orig9 ( ,d]by & ,worce/]1 #di ,engrav+1 n an imitative art1 #bh ,engrav+s1 :5 pr9t$ 9 col\rs1 imitative art1 #bh ,epigram by ,porson on ,pitt1 #ahi on weight 9 plate1 #bjb ,european imitativ5ess1 #be ,exet] hall m>ks on silv] plate1 #bgg ,factory sy/em1 !1 #bfh ,fa%ion ( buckles1 decl9e ( !1 #bfc ,=eign policy1 ,c>t]et's pron\ncem5t on 81 #dh ,=eign silv] plat+ 9 ,%effield /yle1 #bij ,fraud by silv]smi?s1 p5alties aga9/1 #ce ,fr5*-- m>ks on silv]-plat$ w>e1 #bij plat+1 an e>ly process1 #ci plat$ w>e1 regulations reg>d+1 #bji ,g>rick1 ,david1 8 revival ( ,%akespe>e1 #ej ,gas introduc$ to light ,abbots=d1 #aaf ,george ,,iv & ! fa%ion ( buckles1 #bfc ,g]man silv] & o!r :ite metals1 #bfg ,g9 bottle cov]$ ) bead "w1 #bf ,glass designs imitate silv]1 #ce ,glass1 ,v5etian1 copi$ 9 ,g]many1 #be ,goltz9s simulates pr9ts ( old ma/]s1 #bj ,grease pans1 _! indication ( date1 #ii ,guido picture fabricat$ by ,mign>d1 #bj ,hall m>ks on old silv]1 illu/rat$1 #bge1 #bgi1 #bhc ,hancock1 ,joseph 7,%effield71 8 %>e 9 develop+ silv] plat+1 #fa ,h]culaneum-- design f1 #aaf influ5ce ( art (1 #aaf ,hog>?1 ! ,scotti%1 ,david ,allan1 #ba ,imitativ5ess1 ,european1 #be ,imitation-- z a f9e art1 #ai ( hall m>ks by ,%effield plat]s1 #bhi1 #bij decad5ce ( wood engrav+1 #da ,imitations ( ,%effield plate1 #aeh ,ink/&s1 #aha ,inv5tion ( silv] plat+ by fusion1 #de ,irel&1 silv] plat+ by fusion c>ri$ on 91 #ga ,iri% di% or potato r+s1 #agg ,iri% ,gov]nm5t (f]s premium 7#aghc7 = plat$ w>e made 9 ,irel&1 #ga ,iri% hall m>ks on silv] plate1 #bha1 #bhb ,iri% plat$ skew] m>k$ ,sly1 #bfb ,jackson1 ,john1 copyi/ ( ,reynolds1 #ba ,jugs1 hot wat]1 #bbg ,kettles1 tea1 #bje ,knick-knacks1 a _w ( 7eighte5? c5tury71 #ed ,knife h&le ( /amp$ ,%effield plate1 #ej ,lamb1 ,*>les1 quot$1 #acf ,liv]pool silv]smi?s' "w assay$ at ,*e/]1 #bgh ,liv]seege1 ,h5ry1 copyi/ ( ,v&yck1 #ba ,london1 silv] plat+ c>ri$ on at1 #fh ,l\is ,,xiv-- ord]s silv] plate to be melt$1 #bc 8 extravagant use ( silv] plate1 #bc ,m>ks-- on ,fr5* cab9et "w1 #bcg on porcela91 #bcb on ,%effield plate1 #fb1 #fc1 #bca2 7illu/rat$71 #bhf-bic 7,%effield plate7 fe> ( plat]s to /amp any1 #fd1 #fg on ,%effield plate resembl+ silv] m>ks1 #fb1 #fc on silv]1 position (1 #bgc ,melt+ d[n ( old ,%effield plate1 #bec ,mign>d fabricates a ,guido picture1 #bj ,mission>y-fo/]$ art1 #bf ,mu/>d pot1 !1 #adh ,newca/le-^u-,tyne-- hall m>ks on silv] plate1 #bgg silv]smi?s at1 #bgh ,nott+ham1 silv] plat$ w>e made at1 #fh ,nozzles1 removable1 _! indication ( date1 #if ,old ma/]s1 draw+s (1 copi$ by ,david ,allan1 #ba ,old ma/]s1 pr9ts (1 simulat$ by ,goltz9s1 #bj ,orig9al silv] plate design copi$ by plat]s1 #adc ,ornam5t-- spiral1 its abuse1 #ajf useless1 failure (1 #aaj ,p>liam5t>y ,committee on conduct ( assay (fices 7#aggc71 #fc ,p>sons & ,co41 ,patt]n ,book1 #aha ,pat* boxes1 ,%effield plat$1 #ed ,patt]n ,books1 eighte5? c5tury1 silv] plat]s'1 #gd1 #hf1 #hi1 #aci ,p5alties-- c\nt]feit+ ,duty ,m>k 7#ahae7 puni%able by dea?1 #dh = fraud 9 old plate1 #cf1 #fb1 #fc = wrongly /amp+ ,%effield plate1 #fg ,petition ( ! buckle mak]s1 !1 #bfd ,p9*beck1 ,*ri/oph]1 & 8 imitations1 #ed ,pipe light]-- ,%effield plate1 #bda illu/rat$1 #bci ,pitt1 epigrams by ,porson on1 #ahi ,plat+1 silv]-- e>ly1 #ce pre-fusion p]iod1 #ce1 #ci process describ$1 #eh us$ fraudul5tly1 #ce ,pompeii1 influ5ce ( art (1 #aaf ,poor relations & _! foibles1 #acf ,porcela9 factories1 ,d]by & ,worce/]1 orig9 (1 #di ,potato r+s1 ,%effield plat$1 #agg ,pott]s1 copy ( silv]smi?s' designs by1 #bh1 #ca ,pott]y1 ,fr5*1 supplants silv] plate1 #bd ,p\nce pot1 !1 & its use1 #ahb ,pr9ce ( ,wales's fea!rs us$ 9 design1 #aec ,process ( ,%effield silv] plat+ describ$1 #eh ,rise 9 value ( old ,%effield plate1 #bfi ,romney picture ( ,s]5a 7,miss ,sneyd71 #aai ,rusk9 & copies ( ,turn] draw+s1 #bb ,salt1 bel[ !1 its mean+1 #acf ,salt cell>1 !1 #ace ! new /yle1 #adg ,sauce boats1 old silv]1 ,london mak]s (1 #bgd ,scott1 ,sir ,walt]1 8 introduction ( gas at ,abbots=d1 #aaf ,scotti% hall m>ks on silv] plate1 #bha ,seams a te/ ( g5u95ess 9 ,%effield plate1 #bic ,sevrs porcela9 mak]s' m>ks1 #bcb ,%akespe>e neglect$ by ,addison & ,/eele1 #ea revival ( /udy (1 #ej ,%effield-- ,assay ,(fice1 in/itution (1 #dj1 #da hall m>ks on silv] plate1 #bgg orig9 ( silv] plat+ at1 #ci ,%effield plate-- old1 de/ruction (1 #bec wond]ful te*nique (1 #afa ,%effield plat]s-- z to _! orig9ality1 #adc det]r$ f plac+ any m>ks1 #fd1 #fg ,%effield silv] plate1 mak]s (1 eighte5? c5tury1 #bgh ,%effield1 silv] plat+ process describ$1 #eh ,silv]-- duties 9 eighte5? & n9ete5? c5turies1 #dh price (1 9 eighte5? c5tury1 #dg lu/re w>e imitates silv] plate1 #ce m>ks1 simulation (1 by m>ks on ,%effield plate1 #fb1 #fc plate designs copi$ by plat]s1 #adc plate made at ,%effield assay$ 9 ,london1 #fc plate1 value ( hall m>ks on1 #bgd plat+ at ,%effield1 orig9 (1 #ci plat+ by fusion1 its inv5tion1 #de plat+1 e>ly1 #ce plat+1 ! great p]iod1 #gc ,silv]smi?s-- copy ( pott]s' designs by1 #bh1 #ca li/ ( late eighte5? c5tury1 #gg 7,london7 :o influ5c$ ,%effield plat]s1 #bgd ,simulation 9 art1 #be1 #bh ,smi?1 ,j4 ,r41 engrav+ ( ,s]5a aft] ,romney1 #aai ,spiral =ms 9 c&elabra1 #ajj ,spectator1 adv]tisem5t 9 7#agab71 #adj ,spuri\s c&elabra & _! errors1 #ie ,/eele1 ,ri*>d1 omits ,%akespe>e f li/ ( great poets1 #ea ,/eel toys1 !1 ( ,%effield1 #adj ,sug> bas91 !1 #baj bas9s1 old silv]1 ,london mak]s (1 #bgd ,supp] table1 !1 #bch ,tap] hold]s1 #aha ,tea & c(fee sets1 #bja ,tea caddies & _! mak]s1 #aif ,tea kettles1 #bje ,teapots1 #ahi old silv]1 ,london mak]s (1 #bgd ,tea urn1 !1 #bjb ,te*nique1 wond]ful1 ( ,%effield plate1 #afa ,t9d] boxes1 ,%effield plat$1 #bhf ,toa/$ *eese di%es1 old silv]1 ,london mak]s (1 #bgd ,tr5*] salts1 _! use1 #adg ,ture5s-- old silv]1 ,london mak]s (1 #bgd s\p1 #bbj ,turn] draw+s1 facsimiles (1 #bb ,tut5ag1 an alloy ( antimony & z9c1 #bfg ,urn1 ! tea1 #bjb ,utility ! true te/ ( ornam5t1 #aaj ,value ( old ,%effield plate1 #bfi ,w>d1 8 replicas ( ,turn] draw+s1 #bb ,w$gwood1 ,josiah-- %ell-=ms1 adoption (1 #ca c>v$ wood models1 use (1 #ca indebt$ to metal-work]s ( ,%effield1 #cb ,:ite metals1 ,g]man silv]1 etc41 #bfg ,w9e cool]s1 old silv]1 ,london mak]s (1 #bgd ,w9e labels1 ,%effield plat$1 #ec ,wood engrav+1 decad5ce (1 #da ,worce/] *9a1 workm5's m>ks on1 #bhi ,york1 silv]smi?s at1 #bgh ,pr9t$ 9 ,great ,brita9 by ,,unw9 ,,bro!rs1 ,,limit$1 ,,london ,,& ,,wok+ ,,unw9',s ,,*ats ,,s]ies ,,li/ ,,( ,,volumes ,*ats on ,engli% ,*9a4 ,by ,,ar?ur ,,hayd54 ,illu/rat$ ) reproductions ( #aef m>ks & #hi specim5s ( *9a4 ,clo?1 #is4 net4 ,t5? ,impression4 ,?is is ! /&>d "w on ! subject4 ,! volume w enable ! possessors ( old *9a to det]m9e ! factories at :i* _! w>e 0 produc$4 ,x gives 9 a few *apt]s j :at ! beg9n] wants to "k ab\t ! pr9cipal v>ieties ( ,engli% w>e4 ,we c w>mly comm5d ! book to ! *9a collector4 ,pall ,mall ,gazette4 ,s simply yet s ?or\ghly writt51 t x is a sage guide to ! v]ie/ tyro 9 *9a collect+4 ,bookman4 ,*ats on ,old ,furniture4 ,by ,,ar?ur ,,hayd54 ,) a col\r$ frontispiece & #ajd o!r ,illu/rations4 ,clo?1 #is4 net4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,twelf? ,impression4 ,! h9ts to collectors are ! be/ & cle>e/ we h se52 s t altoge!r ?is is a model book ( its k9d4 ,a!num4 ,a fully illu/rat$ practical guide = collectors4 ,! ,times4 ,mr4 ,hayd5 has work$ at 8 subject on sy/ematic l9es1 & has made 8 book :at x purports to be--a practical guide = ! collector4 ,! ,saturday ,review4 ,*ats on ,old ,pr9ts4 ,h[ to ,collect & ,id5tify4 ,by ,,ar?ur ,,hayd54 ,) a col\r$ frontispiece & #gb full-page plates4 ,clo?1 #is4 net4 ,sev5? ,impression4 ,e bran* ( ! subject is c>efully & explicitly h&l$ 9 ?is book1 & valuable in=mation z to te*nical processes & id5tification ( pr9ts is giv54 ,if !re is a bett] book ( its k9d on pr9t collect+ we h n yet come across x4 ,daily ,graphic4 ,a v useful h&book = beg9n]s1 int5d$ to help any read] ( arti/ic ta/es1 b v mod]ate means1 to collect to good purpose4 ,! ,times4 ,*ats on ,co/ume4 ,by ,g4 ,,woolliscr(t ,,rhead1 ,r4,e4 ,) a col\r$ frontispiece & #aag o!r ,illu/rations4 ,clo?1 #is4 net4 ,second ,impression4 ,a practical guide to hi/oric dress4 ,clo!s is a subject t has be5 neglect$ by collectors1 & ?is book w be a useful guide to ^? :o desire to repair t neglect by =m+ a collection4 ,a book t is at once ! "w ( an au?ority on ! subject ( co/umes1 & "o t helps to enl>ge our range ( selection4 ,pall ,mall ,gazette4 ,*ats on ,old ,m9iatures4 ,by ,j4 ,j4 ,,fo/]1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,) a col\r$ frontispiece & #aaf o!r ,illu/rations4 ,clo?1 #is4 net4 ,second ,impression4 ,?is book pres5ts 9 a concise & popul> =m a v>iety ( valuable in=mation on ! collection & pres]vation ( m9iatures1 on ! lead+ ,engli% & ,fr5* arti/s1 & on ! specim5s exhibit$ 9 public gall]ies4 ,mr4 ,fo/] is truly a guide1 philosoph] & fri5d4 ,he tells u n only h[ to judge & h[ to buy m9iatures1 b h[ to take prop] c>e ( !m4444 ,! spl5did photographs by :i* ! book is enri*$ adds 9 a great measure to its attractiv5ess & utility4 ,ab]de5 ,free ,press4 ,*ats on ,old ,lace & ,ne$lework4 ,by ,,mrs4 ,,l[es4 ,) a frontispiece & #gd o!r ,illu/rations4 ,clo?1 #is4 net4 ,?ird ,impression4 ,writt5 by an exp]t & en?usia/ 9 ^! mo/ int]e/+ bran*es ( art4 ,! l[ price at :i* ! "w is issu$ is exceptional 9 deal+ ) ^! subjects1 & x is rem>kable 9 view ( ! te*nical k display$ & ! _m photographic illu/rations :i* practically int]leave ! book4 ,9 comm5dable1 cle> & concise /yle ,mrs4 ,l[es expla9s ! te*nical features di/+ui%+ ea* example1 mak+ ! book ! utmo/ value 9 id5tify+ samples ( old lace4--,weldon's ,ladies' ,j\r4 ,*ats on ,ori5tal ,*9a4 ,by ,j4 ,f4 ,,black]4 ,) a col\r$ frontispiece & #gj o!r ,illu/rations4 ,clo?1 #is4 net4 ,fif? ,impression4 ,w be ( ! utmo/ s]vice to collectors & to all :o may h old ,*9ese & ,japanese porcela9 9 _! possession4 ,x deals ) ori5tal *9a f ! v>i\s /&po9ts ( hi/ory1 te*nique1 age1 m>ks & values1 & is ri*ly illu/rat$ ) admirable reproductions4 ,a treatise t is s in=m+ & compreh5sive t x comm&s ! prompt recognisation ( all :o value ! *oice productions ( ! ori5tal arti/s4444 ,! illu/rations are num]\s & invaluable to ! atta9m5t ( exp]t k1 & ! result is a h&book t is z indisp5sable z x is unique4 ,pall ,mall ,gazette4 ,*ats on ,engli% ,e>!nw>e4 ,a companion volume to ,*ats on ,engli% ,*9a4 ,by ,,ar?ur ,,hayd54 ,) a col\r$ frontispiece1 #aej ,illu/rations & tables ( ov] #bjj illu/rat$ m>ks4 ,clo?1 #is4 net4 ,f\r? ,impression4 ,to ! ev]-increas+ numb] ( collectors :o are tak+ an int]e/ 9 old ,engli% pott]y444 w be f\nd "o ( ! mo/ delightful1 z x is a practical "w on a fasc9at+ subject4 ,he>? & ,home4 ,"h we h a h&book1 writt5 by a well-kn[n au?ority1 :i* gives 9 ! concise/ possible =m all ! in=mation t ! beg9n] 9 e>!nw>e collect+ is likely to ne$4 ,moreov]1 x conta9s "o or two features t are n usually f\nd 9 ! multif>i\s 'guides' t are produc$ to-day4 ,nation4 ,*ats on ,autographs4 ,by ,a4 ,m4 ,,broadley4 ,) #acj ,illu/rations4 ,clo?1 #is4 net4 ,be+ an exp]t collector1 ,mr4 ,broadley n only disc\rses on ! k9ds ( autograph he owns1 b gives "s excell5t caution>y advice & a valuable 'caveat emptor' *apt] = ! b5efit ( o!r collectors4 ,we/m9/] ,gazette4 ,x is assur$ly ! be/ "w ( ! k9d yet giv5 to ! public2 & supplies ! int5d+ collector ) ! v>i\s s\rces ( in=mation necess>y to 8 equipm5t4 ,man*e/] ,gu>dian4 ,*ats on ,old ,pewt]4 ,by ,h4 ,j4 ,l4 ,j4 ,,mass1 ,m4,a4 ,) #eb half-tone & num]\s o!r ,illu/rations4 ,clo?1 #is4 net4 ,?ird ,impression4 ,x is a rem>kably ?or\gh & well-arrang$ guide to ! subject1 suppli$ ) useful illu/rations & ) li/s ( pewt]]s & ( _! m>ks s complete z to make x a v complete & satisfactory book ( ref]5ce4 ,man*e/] ,gu>dian4 ,be=e sett+ out to collect old pewt] x w\ld be z well to read ,mr4 ,mass's book1 :i* is exhau/ive 9 its in=mation & its li/s ( pewt]]s1 analytical index1 & hi/orical & te*nical *apt]s4 ,spectator4 ,*ats on ,po/age ,/amps4 ,by ,,fr$ ,j4 ,,melville4 ,) #eg half-tone & #ag l9e ,illu/rations4 ,clo?1 #is4 net4 ,second ,impression4 ,! :ole book1 ) its num]\s illu/rations ( excell5t quality1 is a vade mecum = /amp collectors1 ev5 ?\gh _! ef=ts may be b mode/2 we congratulate ,mr4 ,melville on a rem>kably good guide1 :i* makes fasc9at+ read+4 ,academy4 ,!re is no d\bt t ,mr4 ,melville's book fills a void4 ,!re is no?+ exactly l x4 ,agreeably writt5 9 a popul> /yle & adequately illu/rat$1 x is c]ta9ly "o ( ! be/ guides to philatelic k t h yet be5 publi%$4 ,_w4 ,*ats on ,old ,jewell]y & ,tr9kets4 ,by ,,maciv] ,,p]cival4 ,) ne>ly #cjj ,illu/rations4 ,clo?1 #is4 net4 ,! book is v ?or\gh1 deal+ z x does ) classic1 antique & mod]n ornam5ts2 ) gold1 silv]1 /eel & p9*beck2 ) ! preci\s /ones1 ! common] /ones & imitation4--,outlook4 ',*ats on ,old ,jewell]y & ,tr9kets' is a book :i* w enable e woman to turn ov] h] jewel-case ) a fre% int]e/ & a new intellig5ce2 a practical guide = ! humble b anxi\s collector4444 ,a good gloss>y ( te*nicalities & _m excell5t illu/rations complete a valuable contribution to collector's lore4 ,illu/rat$ ,london ,news4 ,*ats on ,cottage & ,f>mh\se ,furniture4 ,a companion volume to ,*ats on ,old ,furniture4 ,by ,,ar?ur ,,hayd54 ,) a col\r$ frontispiece & #ge o!r ,illu/rations4 ,clo?1 #is4 net4 ,?ird ,impression4 ,"o gets v mu* = "o's money 9 ?is book4 ,sev5ty-?ree full-page illu/rations 9 half-tone embelli% a lett]press :i* is replete ) wise description & valuable h9ts4 ,vanity ,fair4 ,mr4 ,hayd5's book is a guide to all sorts ( desirable & simple furniture1 f ,/u>t to ,georgian1 & x is a delight to read z well z a sure help to selection4 ,pall ,mall ,gazette4 ,mr4 ,hayd5 writes lucidly & is c>eful & accurate 9 8 /atem5ts2 :ile ! advice he gives to collectors is bo? s\nd & reasonable4 ,we/m9/] ,gazette4 ,*ats on ,old ,co9s4 ,by ,,fr$ ,w4 ,,burgess4 ,) a col\r$ frontispiece & #beh o!r ,illu/rations4 ,clo?1 #is4 net4 ,second ,impression4 ,a mo/ useful & in/ructive book444 w prove a boon to ! int5d+ collector ( old co9s & tok5s1 & full ( int]e/ to e collector4 ,z 0 to be expect$ ( any volume ( ?is s]ies1 ! illu/rations are num]\s & good1 & greatly assi/ ! read] to grasp ! ess5tials ( ! au?or's descriptions4 ,outlook4 ,! au?or has n only produc$ 'a practical guide = ! collector' b a h&y book ( ref]5ce = all4 ,! volume is wond]fully *eap4 ,notes & ,qu]ies4 ,*ats on ,old ,copp] & ,brass4 ,by ,,fr$ ,w4 ,,burgess4 ,) a col\r$ frontispiece & #hf o!r ,illu/rations4 ,clo?1 #is4 net4 ,mr4 ,f4 ,w4 ,burgess is an exp]t on old copp] & bronze1 & 9 8 book !re is little in=mation lack+ :i* ! mo/ ard5t collector might want4 ,! ,obs]v]4 ,italian bronzes1 ,african *>ms1 ,*9ese & ,japanese enamels1 bells1 mort>s1 ,indian idols1 dials1 c&le/icks1 & snuff boxes1 all come 9 = _! %>e ( att5tion1 & ! read] :o has ma/]$ ,mr4 ,burgess's pages c face 8 rival 9 ! auction-room or ! deal] 9 8 %op ) little fe> ( suff]+ by ! transaction4 ,! ,nation4 ,*ats on ,h\sehold ,curios4 ,by ,,fr$ ,w4 ,,burgess4 ,) #id ,illu/rations4 ,clo?1 #is4 net4 ,mr4 ,burgess gives mu* in=mation ab\t su* attractive antiques z old glass & enamels1 old lea!r "w1 old clocks & wat*es1 old pipes1 old seals1 musical in/rum5ts1 & ev5 old sampl]s & *ildr5's toys4 ,! book is1 9 %ort1 an excell5t & compreh5sive guide = :at "o may call ! g5]al collector1 t is1 ! collector :o does n conf9e himself to "o class ( antique1 b buys :atev] he comes across 9 ! curio l9e1 provid$ t x is int]e/+ & at mod]ate price4 ,ab]de5 ,free ,press4 ,*ats on ,japanese ,pr9ts4 ,by ,,ar?ur ,,davison ,,ficke4 ,) a col\r$ frontispiece & #ef ,illu/rations4 ,clo?1 #is4 net4 ,f\r? ,impression4 ,mr4 ,ficke writes ) ! k ( ! exp]t1 & 8 hi/ory ( ,japanese pr9t+ f v e>ly times & 8 criticism ( ! arti/s' "w are wond]fully int]e/+4 ,tatl]4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ delightful & notable memb]s ( an attractive s]ies4444 ,a beg9n] :o %all h ma/]$ & made ?or\ghly 8 own ! beauty ( l9e & ! v>i\s subtlety & boldness ( l9e> composition display$ 9 ^! sixty & odd photographs w h no mean f\ndation = fur!r /udy4--,notes & ,qu]ies4 ,*ats on ,old ,clocks4 ,by ,,ar?ur ,,hayd54 ,) a frontispiece & #hj ,illu/rations4 #bnd ,ed4 ,clo?1 #is4 net4 ,a practical h&book deal+ ) ! examples ( old clocks likely to come "u ! obs]vation ( ! collector4 ,*>m+ly writt5 & illu/rat$4 ,outlook4 ,"o specially useful feature ( ! "w is ! prom95ce ,mr4 ,hayd5 has giv5 to ! mak]s ( clocks1 deal+ n only ) ^? ( ,london1 b also ^? ( ! lead+ prov9cial t[ns4 ,! li/s he gives ( ! latt] are highly valuable1 z !y are n to be f\nd 9 any simil> book4 ,! volume is1 z usual ) ?is s]ies1 pr(usely illu/rat$1 & may be recomm5d$ z a highly int]e/+ & useful g5]al guide to collectors ( clocks4 ,! ,connoisseur4 ,*ats on ,old ,silv]4 ,by ,,ar?ur ,,hayd54 ,) a frontispiece1 #ii full-page ,illu/rations1 & illu/rat$ table ( m>ks4 ,clo?1 #is4 net4 ,f\r? ,impression4 ,mr4 ,hayd5's ',*ats on ,old ,silv]' deals v ?or\ghly ) a popul> bran* ( collect+4 ,!re are a hundr$ full-page illu/rations toge!r ) illu/rat$ tables & *>ts1 & ! /ud5t ( ?is book c w&] r\nd ! old curiosity %ops ( ^! isl&s ) a valuable equipm5t ( k4444 ,altoge!r we h "h a well-writt5 summ>y ( ev]y?+ t "o c\ld wi% to "k ab\t ?is bran* ( collect+4 ,! ,sph]e4 ,! in=mation x gives w be ( exceptional value at ?is "t1 :5 s _m families w be =c$ to "p ) _! treasures--& old silv] is among ! mo/ preci\s possessions ( ! pres5t day4 ,morn+ ,po/4 ,*ats on ,milit>y ,curios4 ,by ,,/anley ,c4 ,,johnson1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,sc4 ,) a col\r$ frontispiece & #gi o!r ,illu/rations4 ,clo?1 #is4 net4 ,mr4 ,johnson 9 ?is book describes _m ( ! articles a collector %\ld be on ! look out =1 giv+ %ort b in=mative notes on m$als1 helmet & cap badges1 tunic buttons1 arm\r1 weapons ( all k9ds1 m$allions1 autographs1 orig9al docum5ts relat+ to ,army "w1 milit>y pictures & pr9ts1 newspap] cutt+s1 obsolete uni=ms1 cre/s1 /amps1 po/m>ks1 memorial brasses1 money & curios made by prison]s ( w>1 :ile !re is also an excell5t biography on ! subject4 ,! au?or has1 inde$1 pres5t$ ! read] ) a capital work+ h&book1 :i* %\ld prove a fri5dly & reliable guide :5 he goes collect+4 ,field4 ,*ats on ,royal ,cop5hag5 ,porcela94 ,by ,,ar?ur ,,hayd54 ,) a frontispiece1 #ef full-page ,illu/rations & illu/rat$ tables ( m>ks4 ,clo?1 #is4 net4 ,?is v beautiful & v valuable book w be eag]ly welcom$ by lov]s ( porcela94444 ,mr4 ,hayd5 describes ) great skill & precis5ess all ! quality & beauty ( te*nique 9 :i* ?is porcela9 excels2 he loves x & und]/&s x1 & ! examples he has *os5 z illu/rations are a valuable supplem5t to 8 descriptions4 ,bookman4 ,*ats on ,old ,%effield ,plate4 ,by ,,ar?ur ,,hayd54 ,) frontispiece & #eh full-page ,illu/rations1 toge!r ) mak]s' m>ks4 ,clo?1 #is4 net4 ,old plat$ w>e has1 by reason ( its arti/ic excell5ce & its te*nique1 des]v$ly won fav\r ) collectors4 ,! art ( mak+ plat$ w>e1 :i* orig9at$ at ,%effield 7h5ce ! "n ( ,%effield plate71 0 cont9u$ at ,birm+ham & ,london1 :]e a consid]able am\nt ( old ,%effield plate 0 made1 9 ! mann] ( its fir/ inv5tors1 by weld+ %eets ( silv] ^u copp]4 ,! manufacture la/$ r\ghly a hundr$ ye>s4 ,its be/ p]iod 0 f #aggf 7,am]ican ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce7 to #ahcj 7,accession ( ,william ,,iv74 ,! au?or %[s reasons :y ?is old ,%effield plate %\ld be collect$1 & ! volume is illu/rat$ ) _m examples giv+ v>i\s /yles & ! developm5t ( ! art1 toge!r ) mak]s' m>ks4 ,c&le/icks & c&elabra1 tea-caddies1 sug>-baskets1 salt-cell>s1 teapots1 c(fee-pots1 salv]s1 spoons1 & _m o!r articles %[n & describ$ 9 ! volume indicate ! exquisite craftsman%ip ( ! be/ p]iod4 ,! "w /&s z a companion volume to ! au?or's ,*ats on ,old ,silv]1 ! /&>d practical guide to old ,engli% silv] collect+4 ,t4 ,,fi%] ,,unw9 ,,ltd4 #a ,,adelphi ,,t]race1 ,,london1 ,w4,c4 #b ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 #a4 ,italics are %[n ) text & bold pr9t is %[n ) text4