,illustration3 ,sing-,sing ,prison and ,tappan ,zee4 ,,forest1 ,,rock1 ,,and ,,stream ,a ,,series ,,of ,,twenty ,,steel ,,line-,,engravings ,,by ,w4 ,h4 ,,bartlett ,,and ,,others ,,with ,,descriptive ,,text ,,by ,n4 ,p4 ,,willis ,,and ,,others ,,including ,,poems ,,by ,,american ,,and ,,foreign ,,authors ,illustration ,b ,o ,s ,t ,o ,n ,e ,s ,t ,e ,s ,a ,n ,d ,l ,a ,u ,r ,i ,a ,t #ahhf ,copyright1 #ahhe1 ,,by ,,estes ,,and ,,lauriat4 ,illustration ,,contents4 ,illustration ,,sing-,,sing ,,prison ,,and ,,tappan ,,zee ,,view ,,of ,,hudson ,,and ,,the ,,catskill ,,mountains ,,the ,,narrows ,,view ,,from ,,west ,,point ,,town ,,of ,,catskill1 ,,hudson ,,river ,,indian ,,fall1 ,,opposite ,,west ,,point ,,view ,,near ,,anthony',s ,,nose1 ,,hudson ,,highlands ,,view ,,from ,,mount ,,ida1 ,,near ,,troy1 ,,new ,,york ,,hudson ,,highlands1 ,,from ,,bull ,,hill ,,villa ,,on ,,the ,,hudson1 ,,near ,,weehawken ,,chapel ,,of 8,,our ,,lady ,,of ,,cold ,,spring0 ,,peekskill ,,landing ,,view ,,from ,,ruggle',s ,,house1 ,,newburgh1 ,,hudson ,,river ,,the ,,two ,,lakes ,,on ,,the ,,catskills ,,town ,,of ,,sing-,,sing ,,view ,,from ,,fort ,,putnam ,,crow ,,nest1 ,,from ,,bull ,,hill1 ,,west ,,point ,,the ,,catterskill ,,falls 7,,from ,,below7 ,,undercliff1 ,,the ,,seat ,,of ,,the ,,late ,,general ,,morris ,,winter ,,scene ,,on ,,the ,,catterskills ,illustration ,,view ,,of ,,hudson ,,city ,,and ,,the ,,catskill ,,mountains4 ,illustration ,a ,,wedge-,,shaped promontory1 or bluff1 pushes forward to the river at this spot2 and on its summit1 which widens into a noble plain1 stands the city of ,hudson4 ,it is supposed that the 8,halve-,mane10 the vessel in which the great discoverer made his first passage up the ,hudson1 reached no farther than two leagues above the city which bears his name1 and that the remainder of the exploring voyage was made in the shallop4 ,his reception here was in the highest degree hospitable4 8,he went on shore in one of their canoes1 with an old ,indian1 who was the chief of forty men and seventeen women3 these he saw in a house made of the bark of trees1 exceedingly smooth and well-finished within and without4 ,he found a great quantity of ,indian corn and beans1 enough of which were drying near the house to have loaded three ships1 besides what was growing in the fields4 ,on coming to the house two mats were spread to sit on1 eatables were brought in1 in red bowls well made1 and two men were sent off with bows and arrows1 who soon returned with two pigeons4 ,they also killed a fat dog1 and skinned it with shells4 ,they expected their visitors would remain during the night1 but the latter determined to return on board4 ,the natives were exceedingly kind and good-tempered2 for when they discovered ,hudson's determination to proceed on board1 they1 imagining it proceeded from fear of their bows and arrows1 broke them to pieces and threw them into the fire40 ,on his return down the river1 ,hudson stopped again for four days opposite the site of the future city4 ,the historical collections give a very particular account of every day's movements in this interesting voyage4 8,on the report of those whom he had sent to explore the river10 says the historian1 8,hudson found that it would be useless to proceed with his ship any farther1 or to delay his return4 ,he had passed several days in a profitable traffic and a friendly intercourse with the natives1 among whom were probably those from each side of the river1--the ,mahicanni1 as well as the ,mohawks4 ,at noon of the #bc;d of ,september1 he therefore went down six miles to a shoal2 having but little wind1 the tide laid his ship on the bar until the flood came1 when she crossed it1 and was anchored for the night4 8,the next day1 after proceeding seven or eight leagues1 she grounded on a bank of ooze in the middle of the river1 where she was detained till the ensuing morning1 when the flood1 at ten o'clock1 enabled ,hudson to anchor her in deep water4 ,thus the ship once more was interrupted in her passage opposite the spot where a city now commemorates the name of ,hudson4 8,here he remained1 by reason of adverse winds1 four days4 ,on the day of his arrival #8they went on land and gathered good store of chestnuts1' but whether on the east or west side of the river is not mentioned4 ,but the day following they went on land #8to walk on the west side of the river1 and found good ground for corn and other garden herbs1 with good store of goodly oaks and walnut-trees1 and chestnut-trees1 yew-trees1 and trees of sweet wood in great abundance1 and great store of slate for houses and other good stones4' ,nothing is said of any inhabitants while they were thus visiting the site1 which is now that of the village of ,athens1 opposite ,hudson4 ,but next morning 7#bfth71 after the carpenter1 mate1 and four of the company had gone on shore to cut wood1 while the vessel lay at anchor1 two canoes came up the river from the place where they first found #8loving people' 7,catskill landing72 and in one of them was the old chief whom ,hudson had caused to be made intoxicated at ,albany4 ,he had followed our strange visitors thirty miles1 to the base of the ,catskill ,mountains1 with the double view of again testifying to ,hudson the sincerity of his friendship1 and of gratifying the love of the marvellous1 by relating his own adventures to the mountaineers1 and drawing them from their retreat to witness the floating phenomenon4 ,the old chief now introduced with him #8an old man1 who brought more stropes of beads and gave them to our master1 and showed him all the country thereabout1 as though it were at his command6' ,they tarried1 greatly pleased with the unaccountable curiosities they discovered on board4 ,hudson #8made the two old men dine with him1 and the old man's wife2 for they brought two old women and two young maidens of the age of sixteen or seventeen years with them1 who behaved themselves very modestly4' 8,after dinner1 and upon exchange of presents1 the guests retired1 inviting ,hudson by signs to come down to them2 for the ship was within two leagues of the place where they dwelt40 ,the concluding circumstances of this interesting return down the ,hudson1 will accompany another view in the series4 ,illustration ,,catskill ,,mountains4 ,,and1 lo6 the ,catskills print the distant sky1 ,and o'er their airy tops the faint clouds driven1 ,so softly blending that the cheated eye ,forgets or which is earth or which is heaven4 ,sometimes1 like thunder-clouds1 they shade the even1 ,till1 as you nearer draw1 each wooded height ,puts off the azure hues by distance given1 ,and slowly break upon the enamored sight ,ravine1 crag1 field1 and wood1 in colors true and bright4 ,mount to the cloud-kissed summit6 ,far below ,spreads the vast champaign like a shoreless sea4 ,mark yonder narrow streamlet feebly flow1 ,like idle brook that creeps ingloriously6 ,can that the lovely1 lordly ,hudson be1 ,stealing by town and mountain8 ,who beholds ,at break of day this scene1 when silently ,its map of field1 wood1 hamlet1 is unrolled1 ,while in the east the sun uprears his locks of gold1-- ,till earth receive him1 never can forget4 ,even when returned amid the city's roar1 ,the fairy vision haunts his memory yet1 ,as in the sailor's fancy shines the shore4 ,imagination cons the moment o'er1 ,when first-discovered1 awe-struck and amazed1 ,scarce loftier ,jove--whom men and ,gods adore-- ,on the extended earth beneath him gazed1 ,temple1 and tower1 and town1 by human insect raised4 ,blow1 scented gale1 the snowy canvas swell2 ,and flow1 thou silver1 eddying current1 on6 ,grieve we to bid each lovely point farewell1 ,that ere its graces half are seen1 is gone4 ,by woody bluff we steal1 by leaning lawn1 ,by palace1 village1 cot1--a sweet surprise ,at every turn the vision breaks upon2 ,till to our wondering and uplifted eyes ,the ,highland rocks and hills in solemn grandeur rise4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,,theodore ,s4 ,,fay4 ,illustration ,,the ,,narrows1 ,,from ,,fort ,,hamilton4 ,illustration ,,almost any land looks beautiful after a long voyage2 and it would not be surprising if the ,narrows1 oftenest seen and described by those who have just come off the passage of the ,atlantic1 should have this reputation4 ,it does not require an eye long deprived of verdure1 however1 to relish the bold shores1 the bright green banks1 the clustering woods1 and tasteful villas which make up the charms of this lovely strait4 ,busier waters than the ,narrows could scarcely be found2 and it is difficult to imagine1 amid so much bustle and civilization1 the scene that presented itself to ,hendrick ,hudson1 when the little 8,halve-,mane0 stole in on her voyage of discovery two hundred years ago4 ,hoofden1 or the ,highlands1 as he then named the hills in this neighborhood1 8were covered with grass and wild-flowers1 and the air was filled with fragrance40 ,groups of friendly natives1 clothed in elk-skins1 stood on the beach1 singing and offering him welcome2 and anchoring his little bark1 he explored with his boats the channel and inlets1 and penetrated to the mouth of the river which was destined to bear his name4 ,it appears1 however1 that the ,indians on the ,long ,island side were less friendly2 and in one of the excursions into the ,bay of ,manhattan his boat was attacked by a party of twenty-nine savages of a ferocious tribe1 and an ,english sailor1 named ,colman1 was killed by an arrow-shot in the shoulder4 ,other unfriendly demonstrations from the same tribe induced ,hudson to leave his anchorage at ,sandy ,hook1 and he drew in to the ,bay of ,new ,york1 which he found most safe and commodious1 and where he still continued his intercourse with the ,indians of ,staten ,island1 receiving them on board his vessel1 dressing them1 to their extravagant delight1 in red coats1 and purchasing from them fish and fruits in abundance4 ,at this day there stands a villa on every picturesque point2 a thriving town lies on the left shore2 hospitals and private sanitary establishments extend their white edifices in the neighborhood of the quarantine-ground2 and between the little fleets of merchantmen1 lying with the yellow flag at their peak1 fly rapidly and skilfully a constant succession of steamboats1 gaily painted and beautifully modelled1 bearing on their airy decks the population of one of the first cities of the world4 ,yet of ,manhattan ,island1 on which ,new ,york is built1 ,hudson writes1 only two hundred years ago1 that 8it was wild and rough2 a thick forest covered the parts where anything would grow2 its beach was broken and sandy1 and full of inlets2 its interior presented hills of stony and sandy alluvion1 masses of rock1 ponds1 swamps1 and marshes40 ,the gay description which an ,american would probably give of the ,narrows1--the first spot of his native land seen after a tedious voyage1--would probably be in strong contrast with the impression it produces on the emigrant1 who sees in it only the scene of his first difficult step in a land of exile4 ,i remember noting this contrast with some emotion1 on board the packet-ship in which ,i was not long ago a passenger from ,england4 ,among the crowd of emigrants in the steerage was the family of a respectable and well-educated man1 who had failed as a merchant in some small town in ,england1 and was coming1 with the wreck of his fortune1 to try the backwoods of ,america4 ,he had a wife and eight or ten very fine children1 the eldest of whom1 a delicate and pretty girl of eighteen1 had contributed to sustain the family under their misfortunes at home by keeping a village school4 ,the confinement had been too much for her1 and she was struck with consumption1--a disease which is peculiarly fatal in ,america4 ,soon after leaving the ,british ,channel1 the physician on board reported her to the captain as exceedingly ill1 and suffering painfully from the close air of the steerage2 and by the general consent of the cabin passengers a bed was made up for her in the deck-house1 where she received the kindest attention from the ladies on board2 and with her gentle manners and grateful expressions of pleasure soon made an interest in all hearts4 ,as we made the land1 the air became very close and hot2 and our patient1 perhaps from sympathy with the general excitement about her1 grew feverish and worse1 hourly4 ,her father and a younger sister sat by her1 holding her hands and fanning her2 and when we entered the ,narrows with a fair wind1 and every one on board1 forgetting her in their admiration of the lovely scene1 mounted to the upper deck1 she was raised to the window1 and stood with the bright red spot deepening on her cheek1 watching the fresh green land without the slightest expression of pleasure4 ,we dropped anchor1 the boats were lowered1 and as the steerage passengers were submitted to a quarantine1 we attempted to take leave of her before going on shore4 ,a fit of the most passionate tears1 the paroxysms of which seemed almost to suffocate her1 prevented her replying to us2 and we left that poor girl surrounded by her weeping family1 trying in vain to comfort her4 ,hers were feelings1 probably1 which are often associated with a remembrance of the ,narrows4 ,illustration ,,the ,,wrecker',s ,,oath ,,on ,,barnegat4 ,,one night mid swarthy forms ,i lay1 ,along a wild southeastern bay1 ,within a cabin rude and rough1 ,formed out of drift-wood1 wrecker's stuff1 ,and firelight throwing rosy flame ,from up-heaped masses of the same1-- ,waiting the turning of the tide ,to launch the surf-boats scattered wide1 ,and try the fisher's hardy toil ,for bass1 and other finny spoil4 ,one gray old man1 of whom ,i heard ,no more than this descriptive word1 8,old ,kennedy10--he rattled on1 ,of men and things long past and gone1 ,and seemed without one careful thought1-- ,till spark to tinder some one brought ,by hinting that he launched no more1 ,of late1 his surf-boat from the shore1 ,however wind and storm were rife ,and stranded vessels perilled life4 8,no6 by the ,god who made this tongue60 ,and up in angry force he sprung1-- 8,no6--never1 while my head is warm1 ,however wild beat sea and storm1 ,launch ,i a boat1 one life to save1 ,if half creation finds a grave60 ,a fearful oath6--,i thought2 and so ,thought others1 for a murmur low ,ran round the circle1 till at length ,the wondering feeling gathered strength1 ,and some1 who had not known him long1 ,declared them words of cruel wrong1 ,and swore to keep no friendly troth ,with one who framed so hard an oath4 8,you will not1 mates80 the old man said1 ,his words so earnest1 dense1 and dread ,that something down my back ran cold ,as at the ghostly tales of old4 8,you will not8 ,listen1 then1 a word6 ,and if1 when you have fairly heard1 ,you say a thoughtless oath ,i swore1 ,i never fish beside you more6 8,you know me1 mates1--at least the most1-- ,from ,barnegat1 on ,jersey coast4 ',tis time you listened something more1 ,that drove me to another shore4 8,twelve years ago1 at noon of life1 ,i had a fond and faithful wife2 ,two children1--boy and girl2 a patch2 ,a drift-wood cabin roofed with thatch2 ,and thought myself the happiest man ,the coast had known since time began4 8,one night a large ship drove ashore ,not half a mile beyond my door4 ,i saw the white surf breaking far2 ,i saw her beating on the bar2 ,i knew she could not live one hour ,by wood and iron's strongest power4 8,i was alone1 except my boy1-- ,sixteen1--my wife's best hope and joy2 ,and who can doubt1 that is not mad1 ,he was the proudest pride ,i had6 ,i let him take the vacant oar2 ,i took him with me from the shore2 ,i let him try help save a life3 ,i drowned him1--and it killed my wife6 8,somebody stole a cask or bale1 ,at least so ran the pleasant tale4 ,and while my boy was lying dead1 ,my wife's last breath as yet unfled1 ,the city papers reeked with chat ,of #8pirate bands on ,barnegat4' ,my name was branded as a thief1 ,when ,i was almost mad with grief2 ,and what d'ye think they made me feel1 ,when the last falsehood ground its heel1-- #8,i had rowed out1 that night1 to steal6' 8,no6 if ,i ever row again ,to save the lives of perilled men1 ,body and soul at once go down1 ,and ,heaven forget me as ,i drown60 ,,henry ,,morford4 ,illustration ,,view ,,from ,,west ,,point1 ,,hudson ,,river4 ,illustration ,,of the river scenery of ,america1 the ,hudson at ,west ,point is doubtless the boldest and most beautiful4 ,this powerful river writhes through the ,highlands in abrupt curves1 reminding one1 when the tide runs strongly down1 of ,laocon in the enlacing folds of the serpent4 ,the different spurs of mountain ranges which meet here1 abut upon the river in bold precipices from five to fifteen hundred feet from the water's edge2 the foliage hangs to them1 from base to summit1 with the tenacity and bright verdure of moss2 and the stream below1 deprived of the slant lights which brighten its depths elsewhere1 flows on with a sombre and dark-green shadow on its bosom1 as if frowning at the narrow gorge into which its broad-breasted waters are driven4 ,back from the bluff of ,west ,point extends a natural platform of near half a mile square1 high1 level1 and beautifully amphitheatred with wood and rock4 ,this is the site of the ,military ,academy1 and a splendid natural parade4 ,when the tents of the summer camp are shining on the field2 the flag1 with its blood-bright stripes1 waving against the foliage of the hills2 the trumpet echoing from bluff to bluff1 and the compact battalion cutting its trim line across the green-sward1--there are few more fairy spots in this working-day world4 ,on the extreme edge of the summit1 overlooking the river1 stands a marble shaft1 pointing like a bright finger to glory1--the tomb of the soldier and patriot ,kosciusko4 ,the military colleges and other buildings skirt the parade on the side of the mountain2 and forward1 toward the river1 on the western edge1 stands a spacious hotel1 from the verandahs of which the traveller gets a view through the ,highlands that he remembers till he dies4 ,right up before him1 with the smooth curve of an eagle's ascent1 rises the 8old cro' nest0 of the culprit ,fay1--a bright green mountain1 that thrusts its topmost pine into the sky2 the ,donderbarrak1 or 7if it is not sacrilege to translate so fine a name for a mountain71 the ,thunder-chamber1 heaves its round shoulder beyond2 back from the opposite shore1 as if it recoiled from these1 leans the bold cliff of ,breknock2 and then looking out1 as if from a cavern1 into the sun-light1 the eye drops beyond upon a sheet of wide-spreading water1 with an emerald island on its bosom2 the white buildings of ,newburg creeping back to the plains beyond1 and in the far1 far distance the wavy and blue line of the ,catskills1 as if it were the dim-seen edge of an outer horizon4 ,the passage through the ,highlands at ,west ,point still bears the old name of ,wey-gat1 or ,wind-gate2 and one of the prettiest moving dioramas conceivable is the working through the gorge of the myriad sailing-craft of the river4 ,the sloops which ply upon the ,hudson1 by the way1 are remarkable for their picturesque beauty1 and for the enormous quantity of sail they carry on in all weathers2 and nothing is more beautiful than the little fleets of from six to a dozen1 all tacking or scudding together1 like so many white sea-birds on the wing4 ,up they come1 with a dashing breeze1 under ,anthony's ,nose and the ,sugar-,loaf1 and giving the rocky toe of ,west ,point a wide berth1 all down helm1 and round into the bay2 when--just as the peak of ,crow ,nest slides its shadow over the main-sail--slap comes the wind aback1 and the whole fleet is in a flutter4 ,the channel is narrow and serpentine1 the wind baffling1 and small room to beat2 but the little craft are worked merrily and well2 and dodging about1 as if to escape some invisible imp in the air1 they gain point after point1 till at last they get the ,donderbarrak behind them1 and fall once more into the regular current of the wind4 ,illustration ,,west ,,point4 ,,wild umbrage far around me clings ,to breezy knoll and hushed ravine1 ,and o'er each rocky headland flings ,its mantle of refreshing green4 ,the echoes that so boldly rung ,when cannon flashed from steep to steep1 ,and ,freedom's airy challenge flung1 ,in each romantic valley sleep4 ,his counsels here our chieftain breathed1 ,here roved his mild1 undaunted eye1 ,when yon lone fort1 with thickets wreathed1 ,held captive ,britain's gallant spy4 ,fit home to rear a nation's youth ,by self-control to nerve the will1 ,through knowledge gain expansive truth1 ,and with high aims life's circle fill4 ,how grateful is the sudden change ,from arid pavements to the grass1 ,from narrow streets that thousands range1 ,to meadows where ,june's zephyrs pass6 ,beneath the cliffs the river steals ,in darksome eddies to the shore1 ,but midway every sail reveals1 ,reflected on its crystal floor4 ,in tranquil mood the cattle walk ,along the verdant marge to feed1 ,while poised upon the mullein stalk ,the chirping redbird picks the seed4 ,low murmurs in the foliage bred1 ,the clear horizon's azure line1 ,fresh turf elastic to the tread1 ,and leafy canopies are thine4 ,white fleecy clouds move slowly by1 ,how cool their shadows fall to day6 ,a moment on the hills they lie1 ,and then like spirits glide away4 ,amid the herbage1 yesternight1 ,his web the cunning spider threw1 ,and now1 as sparkling diamonds bright1 ,it glistens with the pendent dew4 ,gay butterflies dart on and sink ,o'er the sweet blossoms of the pea1 ,and from the clover's globe of pink ,contented hums the downy bee4 ,in all this varied beauty glows ,deep meaning for the thoughtful heart1 ,as it were fain to teach repose1 ,and lofty confidence impart4 ,how vivid to my fancy now1 ,uprise the forms that life redeem6 ,the ardent eye1 the open brow1 ,and tender smile beside me seem4 ,for ,nature's presence gathers back ,the deeds that grace1 the loves that cheer1 ,and as her holy steps we track1 ,hope's rainbow breaks through sorrow's tear4 ,,henry ,,theodore ,,tuckerman4 ,illustration ,,town ,,of ,,catskill1 ,,hudson ,,river4 ,illustration ,,catskill is more known as the landing-place for travellers bound to the mountains above1 than for any remarkable events in its own history1 or any singular beauties in itself4 ,it is a thrifty town1 in which the most prosperous vocations are those of inn-keeper and stage-proprietor2 and during the summer months these two crafts at ,catskill entertain and transport to the hotel on the mountain half the population of the ,united ,states1--more or less4 ,the crowded steamers stop at the landing on their way up and down2 and a busier scene than is presented on the wharf daily could not easily be found4 ,i have often thought1 in passing1 of the contrast between these numerous advents and the landing of ,hendrick ,hudson on this very spot1 in his voyage of discovery up the river4 ,he found here1 he says1 8a very loving people and a very old man10 by whom he and his crew were very kindly entertained4 ,from the first step of a white man's foot on the soil to the crowded rush of passengers from a steam-boat2 from a savage wilderness to the height of civilization and science1--it is but a little more than two hundred years of rapid history4 ,compare the old ,indian canoe in which ,hudson went from his vessel to the land1 with a steamer carrying on its deck near a thousand souls2 compare the untutored population which then swarmed upon the shore1 with the cultivated and refined crowds who come and go in thousands on the same spot1--and the contrast is as astonishing as the extinction of the aboriginal race is melancholy4 ,it is surprising how few details connected with the races that inhabited the older settlements of our country are reached even by the researches of ,historical ,societies4 ,the materials for the future poets and historians of ,america are in this department singularly meagre1 though it might almost be supposed that the very tracks of the retreating tribes might at this early day be still visible on the soil4 ,wherever any particulars of the intercourse between the first settlers and the ,indians are preserved1 they are highly curious1 and often very diverting4 ,in a book on the settlements of this country1 written by ,captain ,nathaniel ,uring1 who visited it in #agji1 there is an interesting story connected with the history of one of the forts1 built1 by permission of the ,indians1 to secure the settlers against sudden incursion4 8,it happened one day10 says the ,captain1 relating the story as it was told to him by the ,governor1 8as the carpenter was cutting down a large timber-tree for the use of the fort1 that great numbers of ,indians stood round it1 gazing1 and admiring the wonderful dexterity of the carpenter1 and greatly surprised at the manner of cutting it1--having1 before the arrival of the ,europeans1 never seen an axe1 or any such like tools4 ,the carpenter1 perceiving the tree ready to fall1 gave notice to the ,indians by language or signs to keep out of its reach when it fell2 but either for want of understanding the carpenter1 or by carelessness of the ,indians1 a branch of the tree in its fall struck one of them1 and killed him2 upon which they raised a great cry4 ,the carpenter1 seeing them much out of humor at the accident1 made his escape into the fort2 and soon after1 the ,indians gathered together in great numbers about it and demanded justice of the ,europeans for the death of their brother1 and desired to have the man who was the occasion of his being killed1 that they might execute him1 and revenge their brother's death4 ,the ,governor endeavored to excuse the carpenter1 by representing to them that he was not to blame2 and told them that if their brother had observed the notice given him by the carpenter1 he had not been hurt4 ,but that answer would not satisfy the ,indians2 they increased their numbers about the fort1 and nothing less than the execution of the carpenter would content them4 8,the ,europeans endeavored to spin out the time by treaty1 and thought to appease them by presents1 hoping those1 and time together1 might make them easy2 but finding that would not do1 and not being able longer to defend themselves against such numbers as besieged them1 they consulted how to give the ,indians satisfaction4 8,the carpenter being a useful man1 they considered that they could not spare him without the greatest inconvenience2 but seeing there was an absolute necessity of doing something1 they found out an expedient1 which was this3 ,there was in the fort an old weaver1 who had been bed-rid a long time2 they concluded to hang up the weaver1 and make the ,indians believe it was the carpenter4 8,having come to this resolution1 the ,governor let the ,indians know that since nothing else would satisfy them1 though their demand was unjust1 yet to show them how ready they were to live in amity and friendship with them1 in the morning they should see the carpenter hanging upon a certain tree in their view4 8,in the night they carried the poor old weaver and hanged him in the room of the carpenter1 which gave full satisfaction to the ,indians2 and they were again good friends40 ,illustration ,,catskill4 ,,how reel the wildered senses at the sight6 ,how vast the boundless vision breaks in view6 ,nor thought1 nor word1 can well depict the scene2 ,the din of toil comes faintly swelling up ,from green fields far below2 and all around ,the forest sea sends up its ceaseless roar1 ,like to the ocean's everlasting chime4 ,mountains on mountains in the distance rise ,like clouds along the far horizon's verge1 ,their misty summits mingling with the sky1 ,till earth and heaven seem blended into one4 ,so far removed from toil and bustling care1 ,so far from earth1 if heaven no nearer be1 ,and gazing1 as a spirit1 from mid-air ,upon the strife and tumult of the world1 ,let me forget the cares ,i leave behind1 ,and with an humble spirit bow before ,the ,maker of these everlasting hills4 ,,bayard ,,taylor4 ,illustration ,,the ,,ferry-,,boat4 ,,wrecks of clouds of a sombre gray1 ,like the ribbed remains of a mastodon1 ,were piled in masses along the west1 ,and a streak of red stretched over the sun4 ,i stood on the deck of the ferry-boat1 ,as the summer evening deepened to night1 ,where the tides of the river ran darkling past ,through lengthening pillars of crinkled light4 ,the wind blew over the land and the waves ,with its salt sea breath and a spicy balm1 ,and it seemed to cool my throbbing brain ,and lend my spirit its gusty calm4 ,the forest of masts1 the dark-hulled ships1 ,the twinkling lights1 and the sea of men1-- ,i read the riddle of each and all1 ,and ,i knew their inner meaning then4 ,for while the beautiful moon arose1 ,and drifted the boat in her yellow beams1 ,my soul went down the river of thought1 ,that flows in the mystic land of dreams6 ,,richard ,,henry ,,stoddard4 ,illustration ,,indian ,,fall1 ,,near ,,cold-,,spring4 7,opposite ,west ,point47 ,illustration ,,this is a secluded and delicious bit of ,nature1 hidden amid rocks and woods1 on the shore of the ,hudson1 but possessing a refinement and an elegance in its wildness which would almost give one the idea that it was an object of beauty in some royal park4 ,one of the most secret streams that feed this finest of our rivers finds its way down through a winding and almost trackless channel2 and after fretting over rocks1 and loitering in dark and limpid pools for several miles1 it suddenly bursts out over a precipice of fifty feet1 and fills with its clear waters the sheltered basin seen in the drawing4 ,immense trees overhang it on every side1 and follow the stream still on in its course2 and in the depth of summer the foaming current scarcely catches a ray of the sun from its source to its outlet4 ,the floor of the basin below the ,fall is pebbly1 the water is clear and cool1 the spot secluded1 and in all respects ,nature has formed it for a bath4 ,a fair and famous lady1 residing a summer or two since at ,west ,point1 was its first known ,musidora2 and the limpid and bright basin is already called after her name4 ,a large party visiting at a hospitable house where the artist and his travelling companion were entertained during the heat of the last summer1 proposed to accompany him on his visit to the ,indian ,fall4 ,excursions on the banks of the ,hudson are usually made in boats2 but it was necessary to see some points of view from the hills between1 and we walked out to the stables to see what could be done for vehicles and cattle4 ,a farm wagon1 with its tail up in the air1 built after an old ,dutch fashion which still prevails in ,new ,york1--a sort of loosely jointed1 long1 lumbering vehicle1 which was meant to go over any rock smaller than a beer-barrel without upsetting1--was the only 8consarn10 as the 8help0 called it1 which would hold the party4 ,with straw in the bottom1 and straps put across from peg to peg1 it would carry eleven1 and the driver4 ,horses were the next consideration2 and here we were rather staggered4 ,a vicious old mare1 that kept a wheelwright and a surgeon in constant employ1 and a powerful young colt half broken1 were the only steeds in stable4 ,however either might be made to go alone1 they had never been tried together2 and the double-wagon harness was the worse for service4 ,the 8help0 suggested very sensibly that the load would be too heavy to run away with2 and that if the mare kicked1 or the colt bolted1 or in short if anything happened except backing over a precipice1 we had only to sit still and let them do their 8darndest40 ,we cobbled the harness in its weak spots1 shook down the straw for the ladies1 nailed up the tail-board1 which had lost its rods1 got the cattle in1 and brought up quietly to the door4 ,the ladies and the champagne were put in1 and the colt was led off by the bit1 shaking his head and catching up his hind leg2 while the demure old mare drew off tamely and steadily1 8never wicked10 as the ploughman said1 8till you got her dander up with a tough hill40 ,the driver had a chain with a list bottom1 and having had some practice in ,charing ,cross and ,fleet ,street fingered his reins and flourished his maple whip through the village1 evidently not thinking himself or his driving de la petite bire4 ,the road1 which followed the ridges of the superb hills skirting the river opposite ,west ,point1 was in some places scarce fit even for a bridlepath2 and at every few paces came a rock1 which we believed passable when we had surged over it1--not before4 ,the two ill-matched animals drew to a wonder2 and the ladies and the champagne had escaped all damage1 till1 as the enemy of mankind would have it1 our ambitious whip saw stretching out before him a fair quarter of a mile of more even road4 ,a slight touch of the whip sent off the colt in a jump1 carrying away the off trace with the first spring2 the old mare struck into a gallop1 and with the broken trace striking against the colt's heels1 and the whippletree parallel with the pole1 away they went as nearly in a tandem as the remaining part of the harness would allow4 ,the tail-board soon flew off1 and let out two unsuspecting gentlemen1 who had placed their backs and their reliance upon it2 and the screams of the ladies added what was wanting to raise the 8dander0 of the old mare to its most unpleasant climax4 ,the straps gave way1 the ladies rolled together in the straw1 the driver tossed about on his list-bottomed chain1 the champagne corks flew1--and presently1 as if we were driven by a battering-ram against a wall1 we brought up with a tremendous crash1 and stood still4 ,we had come to a sharp turn in the road2 and the horses1 unable to turn1 had leaped a low stone wall1 and breaking clear of everything left us on one side1 while they thrashed the ripe wheat with the whippletrees on the other4 ,the ladies were undamaged1 fortunately2 and1 with one champagne bottle saved from the wreck1 we completed the excursion to the ,fall on foot1 and were too happy to return by water4 ,illustration ,,the ,,graveyard ,,at ,,west ,,point4 ,,on this sweet ,sabbath morning1 let us wander ,from the loud music and the gay parade1 ,where sleeps the graveyard in its silence yonder1 ,deep in the mountain shade4 ,there1 side by side1 the dark green cedars cluster ,like sentries watching by that camp of ,death2 ,there1 like an army's tents1 with snow-white lustre ,the gravestones gleam beneath4 ,but1 as we go1 no posted guard or picket ,stays our approach across the level grass1 ,nor hostile challenge at the simple wicket ,through which our footsteps pass4 ,sweet spot1 by ,nature's primal consecration ,sacred to peace and thought and calm repose1 ,well in thy breast that elder generation ,their place of burial chose4 ,and well1 to-day1 whene'er the sad procession ,moves o'er the plain1 with slow and measured tread1 ,within thy silent and secure possession ,the living leave the dead4 ,few are the graves1 for here no populous city ,feeds with its myriad lives the hungry ,fates1 ,while hourly funerals1 led by grief or pity1 ,crowd through the open gates4 ,here ,death is rarer1 yet full many a token ,tells of his presence1 on these grassy slopes1-- ,the slab1 the stone1 the shaft1 half reared and broken1 ,symbol of shattered hopes4 ,here sleep brave men1 who in the deadly quarrel ,fought for their country1 and their life-blood poured1 ,above whose dust she carves the deathless laurel ,wreathing the victor's sword4 ,and here the young cadet1 in manly beauty ,borne from the tents which skirt those rocky banks1 ,called from life's daily drill and perilous duty ,to these unbroken ranks4 ,here too the aged man1 the wife1 the maiden1 ,together hushed1 as on ,his faithful breast ,who cried1 8,come hither1 all ye heavy-laden ,and ,i will give you rest60 ,and little gravestones through the grass are gleaming1 ,sown like the lilies over forms as fair1 ,of whom to-day what broken hearts are dreaming ,through ,sabbath song and prayer6 ,peace to the sleepers6 may the bud and blossom1 ,spring's early bloom and ,summer's sweet increase1 ,fail not1 while ,nature on her tender bosom ,folds them and whispers1 ,peace6 ,and here at last who could not rest contented8 ,beneath1--the river1 with its tranquil flood2 ,around1--the breezes of the morning1 scented ,with odors from the wood2 ,above1--the eternal hills1 their shadows blending ,with morn and noon and twilight's deepening pall2 ,and overhead1--the infinite heavens1 attending ,until the end of all6 ,,william ,,allen ,,butler4 ,illustration ,,view ,,near ,,anthony',s ,,nose1 ,,hudson ,,highlands4 ,illustration ,,this mountain1 8known to fame10 serves as a landmark to the industrious craft plying upon the ,hudson1 and thus fulfils a more useful destiny than is commonly awarded to spots bright in story4 ,it stands amid a host of interesting localities marked by the events of the ,revolution1 and has witnessed1 with less damage than other noses1 many a conflict by land and water4 ,on the opposite side of the river from the base of the mountain lie the two forts--,montgomery and ,clinton--taken by the ,british in ,october1 #aggg4 ,the commander-in-chief at ,new ,york was prompted to this expedition by two objects1--to destroy a quantity of military stores which the ,americans had collected in this neighborhood1 and to make a diversion in favor of ,general ,burgoyne4 ,for these purposes ,sir ,henry ,clinton embarked between three and four thousand troops at ,new ,york1 and sailed with them up the ,hudson4 ,on the #eth of ,october they landed at ,verplank's ,point1 a few miles below the entrance to the ,highlands4 ,the next morning1 a part of the force landed on ,stony ,point1 which projects into the river on the western side1 just below the mountains2 hence they marched to the rear of the fortresses4 ,general ,putnam commanded at that time in this quarter4 ,he had one thousand continental troops1 a part of which only were effective1 and a small body of militia4 ,he believed the principal design of the enemy to be the destruction of the stores2 and when he was informed of their main purpose1 it was too late for him to resist with success4 ,he supposed that they were aiming at ,fort ,independence1 and directed his attention to its defence3 the heavy firing on the other side of the river gave him the first decisive information of their real intentions4 ,george ,clinton1 at that time governor of the ,state1 placed himself at this post on the first notice that he received of the enemy's advancing4 ,having made the best disposition for the defence of the forts1 he dispatched an express to ,general ,putnam to acquaint him with his situation2 but when it reached ,putnam's headquarters1 that officer and ,general ,parsons were reconnoitring the position of the enemy on the east side of the river4 ,lieutenant-,colonel ,campbell1 in the mean time1 proceeded with nine hundred men by a circuitous march to the rear of ,fort ,montgomery2 while ,sir ,henry ,clinton1 with ,generals ,vaughan and ,tryon1 moved onwards towards ,fort ,clinton4 ,both fortresses were attacked at once1 between four and five in the afternoon3 they were defended with great resolution4 ,this will be readily admitted1 when it is remembered that the whole garrison consisted of but six hundred men4 ,the conflict was carried on till dark1 when the ,british had obtained absolute possession1 and such of the ,americans as were not killed or wounded had made their escape4 ,the loss of the two garrisons amounted to about two hundred and fifty4 ,among the killed on the enemy's side was ,lieutenant-,colonel ,campbell4 ,it has been thought that an addition of five or six hundred men to these garrisons would have saved the works2 the correctness of this opinion may be doubted4 ,fifteen hundred soldiers would have been barely sufficient completely to man ,fort ,montgomery alone4 ,the works themselves were imperfect1 and the ground was probably chosen rather for the defence of the river than because it was itself defensible4 ,governor ,clinton and his brother1 ,general ,james ,clinton1 escaped after the enemy had possession of the forts1--the former by crossing the river2 the latter had been wounded in the thigh by a bayonet4 ,on the #hth1 the ,english forces proceeded to the eastern side1 where they found ,fort ,independence evacuated4 ,a party then burned the continental village as it was called1--a temporary settlement raised up by the war for the accommodation of the army4 ,here had been gathered a considerable number of those artisans whose labors are particularly necessary for military purposes1 and a considerable quantity of military stores4 ,they then removed a chain which was stretched across the river at ,fort ,montgomery1 and advancing up the river removed another1 which was extended from ,fort ,constitution to the opposite shore at ,west ,point4 ,general ,vaughan then advanced still farther up the ,hudson1 and on the #acth reached the town of ,kingston1 which he burned4 ,on the #agth took place the surrender of ,burgoyne1 and ,general ,vaughan returned down the ,hudson with his fleet to ,new ,york4 ,count ,grabouski1 a ,polish nobleman1 was killed in the assault on ,fort ,clinton1 while acting as an aid-de-camp to the ,british commander4 ,he was buried on the spot1 but his grave is now undiscoverable4 ,illustration ,,lake ,,canepo4 ,,when cradled on thy placid breast ,in hushed content ,i loved to muse1 ,too full the heart1 too sweet the rest1 ,for thought and speech to interfuse4 ,but now1 when thou art shrined afar1 ,like ,nature's chosen urn of peace1 ,remembrance1 like the evening star1 ,begins a vigil ne'er to cease4 ,each mossy rock1 each fairy isle1 ,inlets with thickets overhung1 ,the cloud's rose-tint or fleecy pile1 ,and ,echo's wildly frolic tongue2 ,the light and shade that o'er thee play ,the ripple of thy moonlit wave1 ,the long1 calm1 dreamy summer day1 ,the very stones thy waters lave2 ,the converse frank1 the harmless jest1 ,the reverie without a sigh1 ,the hammock's undulating rest1 ,with fair companions seated by ,yet linger1 as if near thee still ,i heard upon the fitful breeze ,the locust and the whippoorwill1 ,or rustle of the swaying trees4 ,hills rise in graceful curves around1 ,here dark with tangled forest shade1 ,there yellow with the harvest-ground1 ,or emerald with the open glade2 ,primeval chestnuts line the strand1 ,and hemlocks every mountain side1 ,while1 by each passing zephyr fanned1 ,azalea flowers kiss the tide4 ,we nestle in the gliding barge1 ,and turn from yon unclouded sky ,to watch1 along the bosky marge1 ,its image in thy waters nigh2 ,or1 gently darting to and fro1 ,the insects on their face explore1 ,with speckled minnows poised below1 ,and tortoise on the pebbly floor2 ,or turn the prow to some lone bay1 ,where thick the floating leaves are spread1-- ,how bright and queen-like the array ,of lilies in their crystal bed6 ,,henry ,,theodore ,,tuckerman4 ,illustration ,,view ,,from ,,mount ,,ida1 ,,near ,,troy1 ,,new ,,york4 ,illustration ,,the scenery in this neighborhood is exceedingly beautiful4 ,the junction of the ,mohawk and ,hudson1 the ,falls of the ,cohoes1 the gay and elegant town of ,troy1 ,albany in the distance1 and a foreground of the finest mixture of the elements of landscape1 compose a gratification to the eye equalled by few other spots in this country4 8,think10 says one of our noblest and best writers1 speaking of a similar scene1--8think of the country for which the ,indians fought6 ,who can blame them8 ,as the river chieftains1 the lords of the waterfalls and the mountains1 ranged this lovely valley1 can it be wondered at that they beheld with bitterness the forest disappearing beneath the settler's axe1 the fishing-place disturbed by his saw-mills8 ,can we not fancy the feelings with which some strong-minded savage1 who should have ascended the summit of the mountain in company with a friendly settler1 contemplating the progress already made by the white man1 and marking the gigantic strides with which he was advancing into the wilderness1 should fold his arms and say3 #8,white man1 there is eternal war between me and thee6 ,i quit not the land of my fathers but with my life6 ,in those woods where ,i bent my youthful bow1 ,i will still hunt the deer2 over yonder waters ,i will still glide unrestrained in my bark canoe2 by those dashing waterfalls ,i will still lay up my winter's food2 on these fertile meadows ,i will still plant my corn4 ,stranger1 the land is mine6 ,i understand not these paper rights2 ,i gave not my consent when1 as thou sayest1 those broad regions were purchased for a few baubles of my fathers4 ,they could sell what was theirs2 they could sell no more4 ,how could my father sell that which the ,great ,spirit sent me into the world to live upon8 ,they knew not what they did4 ,the stranger came1 a timid suppliant1 few and feeble1 and asked to lie down on the red man's bear-skin1 and warm himself at the red man's fire1 and have a little piece of land to raise corn for his women and children2 and now he is become strong and mighty and bold1 and spreads out his parchment over the whole1 and says1 ,it is mine6 ,stranger1 there is not room for us both4 ,the ,great ,spirit has not made us to live together4 ,there is poison in the white man's cup2 the white man's dog barks at the red man's heels4 ,if ,i should leave the land of my fathers1 whither shall ,i fly8 ,shall ,i go to the south1 and dwell among the groves of the ,pequots8 ,shall ,i wander to the west8--the fierce ,mohawk1 the man-eater1 is my foe4 ,shall ,i fly to the east8--the great water is before me4 ,no1 stranger1 here have ,i lived1 and here will ,i die2 and if here thou abidest1 there is eternal war between me and thee6 ,thou hast taught me thy arts of destruction1--for that alone ,i thank thee4 ,and now take heed to thy steps2 the red man is thy foe4 ,when thou goest forth by day1 my bullet shall whistle by thee2 when thou liest down at night1 my knife is at thy throat4 ,the noonday sun shall not discover thy enemy1 and the darkness of midnight shall not protect thy rest4 ,thou shalt plant in terror1 and ,i will reap in blood2 thou shalt sow the earth with corn1 and ,i will strew it with ashes2 thou shalt go forth with the sickle1 and ,i will follow after with the scalping-knife2 thou shalt build1 and ,i will burn1 till the white man or the ,indian shall cease from the land4 ,go thy way for this time in safety2 but remember1 stranger1 there is eternal war between thee and me6'0 ,as the same writer afterward observes1 however1 the ,pilgrim ,fathers 8purchased the land of those who claimed it1 and paid for it1--often1 more than once4 ,they purchased it for a consideration trifling to the ,european1 but valuable to the ,indian4 ,there is no overreaching in giving but little for that which in the hands of the original proprietors is worth nothing40 ,illustration ,,the ,,falls ,,of ,,the ,,mongaup4 ,,struggling along the mountain path1 ,we hear amid the gloom1 ,like a roused giant's voice of wrath1 ,a deep-toned1 sullen boom3 ,emerging on the platform high1 ,burst sudden to the startled eye ,rocks1 woods1 and waters1 wild and rude1-- ,a scene of savage solitude4 ,swift as an arrow from the bow1 ,headlong the torrent leaps1 ,then tumbling round1 in dazzling snow ,and dizzy whirls it sweeps2 ,then1 shooting through the narrow aisle ,of this sublime cathedral pile1 ,amid its vastness1 dark and grim1 ,it peals its everlasting hymn4 ,pyramid on pyramid of rock ,tower upward wild and riven1 ,as piled by ,titan hands to mock ,the distant smiling heaven4 ,and where its blue streak is displayed1 ,branches their emerald network braid ,so high1 the eagle in his flight ,seems but a dot upon the sight4 ,here columned hemlocks point in air ,their cone-like fringes green2 ,their trunks hang knotted1 black1 and bare1 ,like spectres o'er the scene2 ,here1 lofty crag and deep abyss1 ,and awe-inspiring precipice2 ,there1 grottos bright in wave-worn gloss1 ,and carpeted with velvet moss4 ,no wandering ray e'er kissed with light ,this rock-walled sable pool1 ,spangled with foam-gems thick and white1 ,and slumbering deep and cool2 ,but where yon cataract roars down1 ,set by the sun1 a rainbow crown ,is dancing o'er the dashing strife1-- ,hope glittering o'er the storm of life4 ,beyond1 the smooth and mirrored sheet ,so gently steals along1 ,the very ripples1 murmuring sweet1 ,scarce drown the wild bee's song2 ,the violet from the grassy side ,dips its blue chalice in the tide2 ,and1 gliding o'er the leafy brink1 ,the deer unfrightened stoops to drink4 ,myriads of man's time-measured race ,have vanished from the earth1 ,nor left a memory of their trace1 ,since first this scene had birth2 ,these waters1 thundering now along1 ,joined in ,creation's matin-song2 ,and only by their dial-trees ,have known the lapse of centuries6 ,,alfred ,,billings ,,street4 ,illustration ,,hudson ,,highlands1 ,,from ,,bull-,,hill4 ,illustration ,,this view out from the gorge of the ,highlands presents a foreground of cliff and shadow1 with their reflections almost folded across in the bosom of the river1 and a middle ground of the village of ,newburg and the gently-undulating country in the rear4 ,the blue and far-off line of the ,catskills shuts in the horizon4 ,there is some very romantic scenery hidden among the undulations just mentioned1 embracing several small rivers1 and also a romantic stream called ,murderer's ,creek1--a tributary of the ,hudson4 ,mr4 ,paulding1 in his 8,new ,mirror for ,travellers10 gives the following interesting legend in explanation of the name3-- 8,little more than a century ago1 the beautiful region watered by this stream was possessed by a small tribe of ,indians1 which has long since become extinct1 or been incorporated with some other savage nation of the ,west4 ,three or four hundred yards from where the stream discharges itself into the ,hudson1 a white family of the name of ,stacey had established itself in a log-house by tacit permission of the tribe1 to whom ,stacey had made himself useful by his skill in a variety of little arts highly estimated by the savages4 ,in particular1 a friendship existed between him and an old ,indian called ,naoman1 who often came to his house and partook of his hospitality4 ,the ,indians never forgive injuries or forget benefits4 ,the family consisted of ,stacey1 his wife1 and two children1--a boy and girl2 the former five1 the latter three years old40 ,the legend goes on to say that ,naoman1 in grateful friendship1 gave the wife of ,stacey a secret warning that a massacre of the whites was resolved on1 exacting from her a solemn pledge of secrecy1 and advising instant escape across the river4 8,the daily visits of old ,naoman and his more than ordinary gravity had excited suspicion in some of the tribe1 who had accordingly paid particular attention to the movements of ,stacey4 ,one of the young ,indians1 who had kept on the watch1 seeing the whole family about to take their boat1 ran to the little ,indian village1 about a mile off1 and gave the alarm4 ,five ,indians collected1 ran down to the river side where their canoes were moored1 jumped in and paddled after ,stacey1 who by this time had got some distance out into the stream4 ,they gained on him so fast that twice he dropped his paddle and took up his gun4 ,but his wife prevented his shooting1 by telling him that if he fired1 and they were afterwards overtaken1 they would meet no mercy from the ,indians4 ,he accordingly refrained1 and plied his paddle till the sweat rolled in big drops down his forehead4 ,all would not do2 they were overtaken within a hundred yards of the shore1 and carried back with shouts of yelling triumph4 8,when they got ashore1 the ,indians set fire to ,stacey's house1 and dragged himself1 his wife1 and children to their village4 ,here the principal old men1 and ,naoman among the rest1 assembled to deliberate on the affair4 ,the chief among them stated that some one of the tribe had undoubtedly been guilty of treason in apprising ,stacey the white man of the designs of the tribe1 whereby he took the alarm and had well nigh escaped4 ,he proposed to examine the prisoners as to who gave the information4 ,the old men assented to this1 and ,naoman among the rest4 ,stacey was first interrogated by one of the old men who spoke ,english1 and interpreted to the others4 ,stacey refused to betray his informant4 ,his wife was then questioned1 while at the same moment two ,indians stood threatening the two children with tomahawks in case she did not confess4 ,she attempted to evade the truth1 by declaring she had a dream the night before which had alarmed her1 and that she had persuaded her husband to fly4 #8,the ,great ,spirit never deigns to talk in dreams to a white face1' said the old ,indian4 #8,woman6 thou hast two tongues and two faces3 speak the truth1 or thy children shall surely die4' ,the little boy and girl were then brought close to her1 and the two savages stood over them1 ready to execute their bloody orders4 #8,wilt thou name1' said the old ,indian1 #8the red man who betrayed his tribe8 ,i will ask thee three times4' ,the mother answered not4 #8,wilt thou name the traitor8 ,this is the second time4' ,the poor mother looked at her husband1 and then at her children1 and stole a glance at ,naoman1 who sat smoking his pipe with invincible gravity4 ,she wrung her hands and wept1 but remained silent4 #8,wilt thou name the traitor8 ',tis the third and last time4' ,the agony of the mother waxed more bitter2 again she sought the eye of ,naoman1 but it was cold and motionless4 ,a pause of a moment awaited her reply1 and the next moment the tomahawks were raised over the heads of the children1 who besought their mother not to let them be murdered4 8#8,stop6' cried ,naoman4 ,all eyes were turned upon him4 #8,stop6' repeated he in a tone of authority4 #8,white woman1 thou hast kept thy word with me to the last moment4 ,i am the traitor4 ,i have eaten of the salt1 warmed myself at the fire1 shared the kindness of these ,christian white people2 and it was ,i that told them of their danger4 ,i am a withered1 leafless1 branchless trunk2 cut me down if you will4 ,i am ready4' ,a yell of indignation sounded on all sides4 ,naoman descended from the little bank where he sat1 shrouded his face with his mantle of skins1 and submitted to his fate4 ,he fell dead at the feet of the white woman by a blow of the tomahawk40 ,illustration ,,the ,,hudson4 ',,twas a vision of childhood that came with its dawn1 ,ere the curtain that covered life's day-star was drawn2 ,the nurse told the tale when the shadows grew long1 ,and the mother's soft lullaby breathed it in song4 8,there flows a fair stream by the hills of the ,west10-- ,she sang to her boy as he lay on her breast1-- 8,along its smooth margin thy fathers have played1 ,beside its deep waters their ashes are laid40 ,i wandered afar from the land of my birth1 ,i saw the old rivers1 renowned upon earth1 ,but fancy still painted that wide-flowing stream ,with the many-hued pencil of infancy's dream4 ,i saw the green banks of the castle-crowned ,rhine1 ,where the grapes drink the moonlight and change it to wine2 ,i stood by the ,avon1 whose waves as they glide ,still whisper his glory who sleeps at their side4 ,but my heart would still yearn for the sound of the waves ,that sing as they flow by my forefathers' graves2 ,if manhood yet honors my cheek with a tear1 ,i care not who sees it1--no blush for it here6 ,farewell to the deep-bosomed stream of the ,west6 ,i fling this loose blossom to float on its breast2 ,nor let the dear love of its children grow cold1 ,till the channel is dry where its waters have rolled6 ,,oliver ,,wendell ,,holmes4 ,illustration ,,villa ,,on ,,the ,,hudson1 ,,near ,,weehawken4 ,illustration ,,from this admirably chosen spot1 the ,bay of ,new ,york appears with every accessory of beauty4 ,the city itself comes into the left of the picture to an advantage seen from no other point of view4 ,the flocks of river-craft scud past in all directions2 men-of-war1 merchantmen1 steamers1 and ferry-boats fill up the moving elements of the panorama2 and far away beyond stretches the broad harbor1 with its glassy or disturbed waters1 in all the varieties of ever-changing sea-view4 ,it was on this side that ,hudson1 who had felt the hostility of the ,manhattan ,indians1 found a friendlier tribe1 and made his first amicable visit on shore4 ,the ,indian tradition springing from that visit1 and describing the first intoxication they had ever experienced1 is extremely amusing4#a 8,a long time ago1 before men with a white skin had ever been seen1 some ,indians1 fishing at a place where the sea widens1 espied something at a distance moving upon the water4 ,they hurried ashore1 collected their neighbors1 who together returned and viewed intensely this astonishing phenomenon4 ,what it could be1 baffled all conjecture4 ,some supposed it to be a large fish or animal2 others that it was a very big house floating on the sea4 ,perceiving it moving towards land1 the spectators concluded that it would be proper to send runners in different directions to carry the news to their scattered chiefs1 that they might send off for the immediate attendance of their warriors4 ,these arriving in numbers to behold the sight1 and perceiving that it was actually moving towards them 7that is1 coming into the river or bay71 they conjectured that it must be a remarkably large house1 in which the ,manitto 7or ,great ,spirit7 was coming to visit them4 ,they were much afraid1 and yet under no apprehension that the ,great ,spirit would injure them4 ,they worshipped him4 ,the chiefs now assembled at ,york ,island1 and consulted in what manner they should receive their ,manitto4 ,meat was prepared for a sacrifice2 the women were directed to prepare the best of victuals2 idols or images were examined and put in order2 a grand dance they thought would be pleasing1 and1 in addition to the sacrifice1 might appease him1 if angry4 ,the conjurers were also set to work to determine what this phenomenon portended1 and what the result would be4 ,to these1 men1 women1 and children looked up for advice and protection4 ,utterly at a loss what to do1 and distracted alternately by hope and fear1 in this confusion a grand dance commenced4 ,meantime fresh runners arrived1 declaring it to be a great house of various colors1 and full of living creatures4 ,it now appeared certain that it was their ,manitto1 probably bringing some new kind of game4 ,others arriving1 declared it positively to be full of people of different color and dress from theirs1 and that one in particular appeared altogether red4 ,this then must be the ,manitto4 ,they were lost in admiration2 could not imagine what the vessel was1 whence it came1 or what all this portended4 ,they are now hailed from the vessel in a language they cannot understand2 they answer by a shout or yell in their way4 ,the house 7or large canoe1 as some render it7 stops4 ,a smaller canoe comes on shore1 with the red man in it2 some stay by his canoe to guard it4 ,the chiefs and wise men form a circle1 into which the red man and two attendants enter4 ,he salutes them with friendly countenance1 and they return the salute after their manner4 ,they are amazed at the color and dress of the strangers1 particularly with him who glittering in red wore something 7perhaps lace or buttons7 they could not comprehend4 ,he must be the great ,manitto1 they thought2 but why should he have a white skin8 ,a large elegant hockhack 7gourd2 that is1 bottle1 decanter1 etc47 is brought by one of the supposed ,manitto's servants1 from which a substance is poured into a small cup or glass and handed to the ,manitto4 ,he drinks1 has the glass refilled1 and handed to the chief near him2 he takes it1 smells it1 and passes it to the next1 who does the same4 ,the glass in this manner is passed round the circle1 and is about to be returned to the red-clothed man when one of them1 a great warrior1 harangues them on the impropriety of returning the cup unemptied4 ,it was handed to them1 he said1 by the ,manitto1 to drink out of as he had4 ,to follow his example would please him2 to reject it might provoke his wrath2 and if no one else would1 he would drink it himself1 let what would follow1--for it was better for one even to die than a whole nation to be destroyed4 ,he then took the glass1 smelled at it1 again addressed them1 bidding adieu1 and drank the contents4 ,all eyes were now fixed on the first ,indian in ,new ,york who had tasted the poison which has since affected so signal a revolution in the condition of the native ,americans4 ,he soon began to stagger2 the women cried1 supposing him in fits2 he rolled on the ground2 they bemoan his fate2 they thought him dying4 ,he fell asleep2 they at first thought he had expired1 but soon perceived he still breathed4 ,he awoke1 jumped up1 and declared he never felt more happy4 ,he asked for more2 and the whole assembly1 imitating him1 became intoxicated40 ,in descending the river1 after he had penetrated to ,albany1 ,hudson ran his little craft ashore at ,weehawken2 but the ground was a soft ooze1 and she was got off without damage1 and proceeded to sea4 ,illustration ,,the ,,hudson4 ',,tis the middle watch of a summer's night1-- ,the earth is dark1 but the heavens are bright2 ,nought is seen in the vault on high ,but the moon and the stars and the cloudless sky1 ,and the flood which rolls its milky hue1-- ,a river of light on the welkin blue4 ,the moon looks down on old ,cronest1 ,she mellows the shades on his shaggy breast ,and seems his huge gray form to throw ,in a silver cone on the wave below2 ,his sides are broken by spots of shade1 ,by the walnut bough and the cedar made1 ,and through their clustering branches dark ,glimmers and dies the firefly's spark1-- ,like starry twinkles that momently break ,through the rifts of the gathering tempest rack4 ,the stars are on the moving stream1 ,and fling1 as its ripples gently flow1 ,a burnished length of wavy beam ,in an eel-like1 spiral line below4 ,the winds are whist1 and the owl is still1 ,the bat in the shelvy rock is hid2 ,and nought is heard on the lonely hill ,but the cricket's chirp and the answer shrill ,of the gauze-winged katy-did1 ,and the plaint of the wailing whip-poor-will ,who moans unseen1 and ceaseless sings ,ever a note of wail and woe1 ,till morning spreads her rosy wings1 ,and earth and sky in her glances glow4 ,,joseph ,,rodman ,,drake4 ----- #a ,it is disputed whether this scene of intoxication took place on the present site of ,new ,york1 on the ,jersey side1 or at ,albany4 ,illustration ,,chapel ,,of 8,,our ,,lady ,,of ,,cold ,,spring40 ,coldspring1 ,putnam ,cy4 ,n4,y4 ,illustration ,,the ,hudson bends out from ,crow-,nest into a small bay2 and in the lap of the crescent thus formed lies snug and sheltered the town of ,cold ,spring4 ,it is a pity1 picturesquely speaking1 that the boatmen on the river are not ,catholics2 it would be so pretty to see them shorten sail off ,our ,lady of ,cold ,spring1 and uncover for an ,ave-,maria4 ,this little chapel1 so exquisitely situated on the bluff overlooking the river1 reminds me of a hermit's oratory and cross which is perched similarly in the shelter of a cliff on the desolate coast of ,sparta4 ,i was on board a frigate1 gliding slowly up the gean1 and clinging to the shore for a land-wind1 when ,i descried the white cross at a distance of about half a mile1 strongly relieved against the dark rock in its rear4 ,as we approached1 the small crypt and altar became visible2 and at the moment the ship passed1 a tall monk1 with a snow-white beard1 stepped forth like an apparition upon the cliffs1 and spread out his arms to bless us4 ,in the midst of the intense solitude of the gean1 with not a human dwelling to be seen on the whole coast from ,morea to ,napoli1 the effect of this silent benediction was almost supernatural4 ,he remained for five minutes in this attitude1 his long cowl motionless in the still air1 and his head slowly turning to the ship as she drew fast round the little promontory on her course4 ,i would suggest to ,our ,lady of ,cold ,spring1 that a niche under the portico of her pretty chapel1 with a cross to be seen from the river by day and a lamp by night1 would make at least a catholic impression on the passer-by1 though we are not all children of ,st4 ,peter4 ,half way between the mountain and ,our ,lady's shrine stands1 on a superb natural platform1 the romantic estate of ,undercliff4 ,just above it rises the abrupt and heavily-wooded mountain1 from which it derives its name2 a thick grove hides it from the village at its foot1 and from the portico of the mansion extend views in three directions unparalleled for varied and surprising beauty4 ,a road running between high-water mark and the park gate skirts the river in eccentric windings for five or six miles2 the brows of the hills descending to the ,hudson in the west and north are nobly wooded and threaded with circuitous paths2 and all around lies the most romantic scenery of the most romantic river in the world4 ,the only fault of the views from ,west ,point is that ,west ,point itself is lost as a feature in the landscape4 ,the traveller feels the same drawback which troubled the waiting-maid when taken to drive by the footman in her mistress's chariot1--8,how ,i wish ,i could stand by the road-side and see myself go by60 ,from ,undercliff1 which is directly opposite1 and about at the same elevation1 the superb terrace of the ,military ,school is seen to the greatest advantage4 ,the white barracks of ,camptown1 the long range of edifices which skirt the esplanade1 the ruins of old ,fort ,putnam half way up the mountain1 and the waving line of wood and valley extending to the estate of 8,stoney ,lonesome0 form a noble feature in the view from ,undercliff4 ,i had forgotten that ,cold ,spring 8plucks a glory on its head0 from being honored with the frequent visits of ,washington ,irving1 ,halleck1 and other lesser stars in the literary firmament4 ,now that these first lights above the horizon have set 7,hesperus-like1 first and brightest671 there lingers about the town many a tale of the days when ,geoffrey ,crayon talked in his gentle way with the ferryman who brought him to ,cold ,spring2 or the now plethoric post-master1 who in his character of librarian to the village enjoyed the friendship of ,irving and ,halleck1 and received from their own hands the 8author's copies10 since curiously preserved in the execrable print and binding then prevalent in ,america4 ,perhaps even old ,lipsey the ferryman1 and his rival ,andrews1 will come in for their slice of immortality1 little as they dream now1 pulling close in for the counter-current under ,our ,lady's skirts1 of working at that slow oar for posthumous reputation4 ,illustration ,,the ,,gates ,,of ,,the ,,hudson4 ,so bright the day1 so clear the sky1 ,so grand the scene before me1 ,my meaner life my soul puts by1 ,and a better mood comes o'er me4 ,from under trees whose rustling leaves ,wear all their autumn glory1 ,i watch the brown fields far below1 ,and the headlands1 gray and hoary4 ,i see the beetling ,palisades1 ,whose wrinkled brows forever1 ,in calms and storms1 in lights and shades1 ,keep watch along the river4 ,such watch1 of old1 the ,magi kept ,along the sad ,euphrates1-- ,our eyeless ones have never slept1 ,and this their solemn fate is3 ,god built these hills in barrier long1 ,and then ,he opened through them ,these gates of granite1 barred so strong ,he only might undo them2 ,through them ,he lets the ,hudson flow ,for slowly counted ages1 ,the while the nations fade and grow ,around the granite ledges4 ,he bids these warders watch and wait1 ,their vigil ne'er forsaking1 ,forever standing by the gate1 ,not moving and not speaking4 ,so1 all earth's day1 till night shall fall1 ,when ,god shall send ,his orders1 ,and summon at one trumpet-call ,the grim and patient warders4 ,the guards shall bow1 the gates shall close ,upon the obedient river1 ,and then no more the ,hudson flows ,forever and forever4 ,,william ,,osborn ,,stoddard4 ,illustration ,,new ,,jersey4 ,,the ,,brown-,,eyed ,,girls ,,of ,,jersey4 ,,before my bark the waves have curled ,as it bore me thrice around the world2 ,and for forty years have met my eyes ,the beauties born under wide-spread skies4 ,but though far and long may be my track1 ,it is never too far for looking back2 ,and ,i see them1--see them over the sea1 ,as ,i saw them when youth still dwelt with me1-- ,the brown-eyed girls of ,jersey6 ,they are ,quakers1 half1--half maids of ,spain2 ,half ,yankees1 with fiery ,southern brain2 ,they are ,english1 ,french1--they are ,irish elves2 ,they are better than all1 in being themselves6 ,they are coaxing things1--then wild and coy2 ,they are full of tears1--full of mirth and joy4 ,they madden the brain like rich old wine3 ,and no wonder at all if they've maddened mine1 ,those brown-eyed girls of ,jersey6 ,some day1 when distant enough my track1 ,to the ,land of the ,free ,i shall wander back2 ,and if not too gray1 both heart and hair1 ,to win the regard of a thing so fair1 ,i shall try the power of the blarney-stone ,in making some darling girl my own3 ,some darling girl1 that still may be ,keeping all her beauty and grace for me1-- ,some brown-eyed girl of ,jersey6 ,,henry ,,morford4 ,illustration ,,peekskill ,,landing1 ,,hudson ,,river4 ,illustration ,,like most of the landings on the ,hudson1 ,peekskill is a sort of outstretched hand from the interior of the country4 ,it is about eighty miles from ,new ,york1 and the produce from the country behind is here handed over to the trading sloops1 who return into the waiting palm the equivalent in goods from the city4 ,a sort of town naturally springs up at such a spot1 and as a river-side is a great provocative of idleness1 all the ,dolph ,heyligers of the country about seem to be collected at the landing4 ,the neighborhood of this spot is interesting from its association with the history of the ,revolution4 ,the headquarters of ,general ,washington were just below1 at ,verplank's ,point2 and the town of ,peekskill1 half a mile back from the river1 was the depot of military stores1 which were burned by ,general ,howe in #aggg4 8,on my return southward in #aghb10 says the translator of ,chastellux1 who has not given his name1 8,i spent a day or two at the ,american camp at ,verplank's ,point1 where ,i had the honor of dining with ,general ,washington4 ,i had suffered severely from an ague1 which ,i could not get quit of1 though ,i had taken the exercise of a hard-trotting horse1 and got thus far to the north in the month of ,october4 ,the ,general observing it1 told me he was sure ,i had not met with a good glass of wine for some time1--an article then very rare1--but that my disorder must be frightened away4 ,he made me drink three or four of his silver camp-cups of excellent ,madeira at noon1 and recommended to me to take a generous glass of claret after dinner1--a prescription by no means repugnant to my feelings1 and which ,i most religiously followed4 ,i mounted my horse the next morning1 and continued my journey to ,massachusetts1 without ever experiencing the slightest return of my disorder4 8,the ,american camp here presented the most beautiful and picturesque appearance4 ,it extended along the plain1 on the neck of land formed by the winding of the ,hudson1 and had a view of this river to the south4 ,behind it1 the lofty mountains1 covered with wood1 formed the most sublime background that painting could express4 ,in the front of the tents was a regular continued portico1 formed by the boughs of the trees in full verdure1 decorated with much taste and fancy4 ,opposite the camp1 and on distinct eminences1 stood the tents of some of the general officers1 over which towered predominant that of ,washington4 ,i had seen all the camps in ,england1 from many of which drawings and engravings have been taken2 but this was truly a subject worthy the pencil of the first artist4 ,the ,french camp1 during their stay in ,baltimore1 was decorated in the same manner4 ,at the camp at ,verplank's ,point we distinctly heard the morning and evening gun of the ,british at ,knightsbridge40 ,the curiosity seizes with avidity upon any accidental information which fills up the bare outline of history4 ,the personal history of ,washington more particularly1 wherever it has been traced by those who were in contact with him1 is full of interest4 ,some of the sketches given by the ,marquis of ,chastellux1 who passed this point of the ,hudson on his way to ,washington's headquarters below1 are very graphic4 8,the weather being fair on the #bfth10 he says1 8,i got on horseback1 after breakfasting with the ,general4 ,he was so attentive as to give me the horse ,i rode on the day of my arrival4 ,i found him as good as he is handsome2 but1 above all1 perfectly well broke and well trained1 having a good mouth1 easy in hand1 and stopping short in a gallop without bearing the bit4 ,i mention these minute particulars because it is the ,general himself who breaks all his own horses4 ,he is an excellent and bold horseman1 leaping the highest fences1 and going extremely quick without standing upon his stirrups1 bearing on the bridle1 or letting his horse run wild1--circumstances which our young men look upon as so essential a part of ,english horsemanship1 that they would rather break a leg or an arm than renounce them40 ,after passing some days at headquarters1 this young nobleman thus admirably sums up his observations on ,washington3-- 8,the strongest characteristic of this great man is the perfect union which reigns between his physical and moral qualities4 ,brave without temerity1 laborious without ambition1 generous without prodigality1 noble without pride1 virtuous without severity1--he seems always to have confined himself within those limits beyond which the virtues1 by clothing themselves in more lively but more changeable colors1 may be mistaken for faults4 ,it will be said of him hereafter1 that at the end of a long civil war he had nothing with which he could reproach himself4 ,his stature is noble and lofty2 he is well made and exactly proportioned2 his physiognomy mild and agreeable1 but such as to render it impossible to speak particularly of any of his features1--so that on quitting him1 you have only the recollection of a fine face4 ,he has neither a grave nor a familiar air2 his brow is sometimes marked with thought1 but never with inquietude2 in inspiring respect he inspires confidence1 and his smile is always the smile of benevolence40 ,illustration ,a ,,scene ,,on ,,the ,,banks ,,of ,,the ,,hudson4 ,,cool shades and dews are round my way1 ,and silence of the early day2 ',mid the dark rocks that watch his bed ,glitters the mighty ,hudson spread1 ,unrippled1 save by drops that fall ,from shrubs that fringe his mountain wall2 ,and o'er the clear still water swells ,the music of the ,sabbath bells4 ,all1 save this little nook of land1 ,circled with trees1 on which ,i stand3 ,all1 save that line of hills which lie ,suspended in the mimic sky1-- ,seems a blue void1 above1 below1 ,through which the white clouds come and go2 ,and from the green world's farthest steep ,i gaze into the airy deep4 ,loveliest of lovely things are they1 ,on earth1 that soonest pass away4 ,the rose that lives its little hour ,is prized beyond the sculptured flower2 ,even love1 long tried and cherished long1 ,becomes more tender and more strong1 ,at thought of that insatiate grave ,from which its yearnings cannot save4 ,river6 in this still hour thou hast ,too much of heaven on earth to last2 ,nor long may thy still waters lie ,an image of the glorious sky4 ,thy fate and mine are not repose2 ,and ere another evening close1 ,thou to thy tides shalt turn again1 ,and ,i to seek the crowd of men4 ,,william ,,cullen ,,bryant4 ,illustration ,,view ,,from ,,ruggle',s ,,house1 ,,newburgh1 ,,hudson ,,river4 ,illustration ,,newburg stands upon a pretty acclivity1 rising with a sharp ascent from the west bank of the ,hudson2 and in point of trade and consequence1 it is one of the first towns on the river4 ,in point of scenery ,newburg is as felicitously placed1 perhaps1 as any other spot in the world1 having in its immediate neighborhood every element of natural loveliness1--and just below1 the sublime and promising ,pass of the ,highlands4 ,from the summit of the acclivity1 the view over ,matteawan and ,fishkill is full of beauty1--the deep flow of the ,hudson lying between1 and the pretty villages just named sparkling with their white buildings and cheerful steeples beyond4 ,newburg has a considerable trade with the back country1 and steamboats are running constantly between its pier and ,new ,york4 ,if there were wanting an index of the wondrous advance of enterprise and invention in our country1 we need not seek further than this simple fact1--a small intermediate town1 on one river1 supporting such an amount of expensive navigation4 ,about seventy years ago ,fulton made his first experiment in steam on the ,hudson1 amid the unbelief and derision of the whole country4 ,let any one stand for one hour on the pier at ,newburg1 and see those superb and swift palaces of motion shoot past1 one after the other1 like gay and chasing meteors1 and then read poor ,fulton's account of his first experiment1--and never again throw discouragement on the kindling fire of genius4 8,when ,i was building my first steam-boat10 said he to ,judge ,story1 8the project was viewed by the public at ,new ,york either with indifference or contempt1 as a visionary scheme4 ,my friends1 indeed1 were civil1 but they were shy4 ,they listened with patience to my explanations1 but with a settled cast of incredulity on their countenances4 ,i felt the full force of the lamentation of the poet1-- 8#8,truths would you teach1 to save a sinking land8-- ,all shun1 none aid you1 and few understand4' 8,as ,i had occasion to pass daily to and from the building-yard while my boat was in progress1 ,i have often loitered1 unknown1 near the idle groups of strangers gathering in little circles1 and heard various inquiries as to the object of this new vehicle4 ,the language was uniformly that of scorn1 sneer1 or ridicule4 ,the loud laugh rose at my expense1 the dry jest1 the wise calculation of losses and expenditure1 the dull but endless repetition of #8the ,fulton folly4' ,never did a single encouraging remark1 a bright hope1 or a warm wish1 cross my path4 8,at length the day arrived when the experiment was to be made4 ,to me it was a most trying and interesting occasion4 ,i wanted many friends to go on board to witness the first successful trip4 ,many of them did me the favor to attend1 as a matter of personal respect2 but it was manifest they did it with reluctance1 fearing to be partners of my mortification and not of my triumph4 ,i was well aware that in my case there were many reasons to doubt of my own success4 ,the machinery was new and ill-made1 and many parts of it were constructed by mechanics unacquainted with such work2 and unexpected difficulties might reasonably be presumed to present themselves from other causes4 ,the moment arrived in which the word was to be given for the vessel to move4 ,my friends were in groups on the deck4 ,there was anxiety mixed with fear among them2 they were silent1 sad1 and weary2 ,i read in their looks nothing but disaster1 and almost repented of my efforts4 ,the signal was given1 and the boat moved on a short distance1 and then stopped and became immovable4 ,to the silence of the preceding moment now succeeded murmurs of discontent and agitation1 and whispers and shrugs4 ,i could hear distinctly repeated1 #8,i told you so6 ,it is a foolish scheme2 ,i wish we were well out of it4' ,i elevated myself on a platform1 and stated that ,i knew not what was the matter2 but if they would be quiet1 and indulge me for half an hour1 ,i would either go on or abandon the voyage4 ,i went below1 and discovered that a slight maladjustment was the cause4 ,it was obviated4 ,the boat went on4 ,we left ,new ,york2 we passed through the ,highlands2 we reached ,albany6 ,yet even then imagination superseded the force of fact4 ,it was doubted if it could be done again1 or if it could be made1 in any case1 of any great value60 ,what an affecting picture of the struggles of a great mind1 and what a vivid lesson of encouragement to genius1 is contained in this simple narrative6 ,illustration ,,the ,,delaware ,,water-,,gap4 ,,our western land can boast no lovelier spot4 ,the hills which in their ancient grandeur stand ,piled to the frowning clouds1 the bulwarks seem ,of this wild scene1 resolved that none but ,heaven ,shall look upon its beauty4 ,round their breast ,a curtained fringe depends of golden mist1 ,touched by the slanting sunbeams2 while below ,the silent river1 with majestic sweep1 ,pursues his shadowed way1--his glassy face ,unbroken1 save when stoops the lone wild swan ,to float in pride1 or dip his ruffled wing4 ,talk ye of solitude8 ,it is not here4 ,nor silence4 ,low1 deep murmurs are abroad4 ,those towering hills hold converse with the sky ,that smiles upon their summits2 and the wind ,which stirs their wooded sides whispers of life1 ,and bears the burden sweet from leaf to leaf1 ,bidding the stately forest-boughs look bright1 ,and nod to greet his coming6 ,and the brook1 ,that with its silvery gleam comes leaping down ,from the hillside1 has too a tale to tell2 ,the wild bird's music mingles with its chime1 ,and gay young flowers that blossom in its path ,send forth their perfume as an added gift4 ,the river utters1 too1 a solemn voice1 ,and tells of deeds long past1 in ages gone1 ,when not a sound was heard along his shores1 ,save the wild tread of savage feet1 or shriek ,of some expiring captive1 and no bark ,e'er cleft his gloomy waters4 ,now1 his waves ,are vocal often with the hunter's song2 ,now visit1 in their glad and onward course1 ,the abodes of happy men1--gardens and fields1 ,and cultured plains1--still bearing1 as they pass1 ,fertility renewed and fresh delights4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,,elizabeth ,f4 ,,ellett4 ,illustration ,,lake ,,erie4 ,,these lovely shores6 how lone and still6 ,a hundred years ago ,the unbroken forest stood above1 ,the waters dashed below1-- ,the waters of a lonely sea ,where never sail was furled1 ,embosomed in a wilderness1 ,which was itself a world4 ,a hundred years6 go back1 and1 lo6 ,where1 closing in the view1 ,juts out the shore1 with rapid oar ,darts round a frail canoe3 ',tis a white voyager1 and see1 ,his prow is westward set ,o'er the calm wave6 ,hail to thy bold1 ,world-seeking bark1 ,marquette6 ,the lonely bird1 that picks his food ,where rise the waves and sink1 ,at their strange coming1 with shrill scream1 ,starts from the sandy brink2 ,the fishhawk1 hanging in mid sky1 ,floats o'er on level wing1 ,and the savage from his covert looks1 ,with arrow on the string4 ,a hundred years are past and gone1 ,and all the rocky coast ,is turreted with shining towns1-- ,an empire's noble boast2 ,and the old wilderness is changed ,to cultured vale and hill2 ,and the circuit of its mountains ,an empire's numbers fill6 ,,ephraim ,,peabody4 ,illustration ,,the ,,two ,,lakes ,,on ,,the ,,catskills4 ,illustration ,,at this elevation you may wear woollen1 and sleep under blankets in midsummer2 and that is a pleasant temperature where much hard work is to be done in the way of pleasure-hunting4 ,no place is so agreeable as ,catskill after one has been parboiled in the city4 ,new ,york is at the other end of that long thread of a river1 running away south from the base of the mountain2 and you may change your climate in so brief a transit1 that the most enslaved broker in ,wall ,street may have half his home on ,catskill4 ,the cool woods1 the small silver lakes1 the falls1 the mountain-tops1 are all delicious haunts for the idler-away of the hot months2 and to the credit of our taste1 it may be said they are fully improved4 ,catskill is a 8resort40 ,from ,catskill the busy and all-glorious ,hudson is seen winding half its silver length1--towns1 villas1 and white spires sparkling on the shores1 and snowy sails and gaily-painted steamers specking its bosom4 ,it is a constant diorama of the most lively beauty2 and the traveller as he looks down upon it sighs to make it a home4 ,yet a smaller and less-frequented stream would best fulfil desires born of a sigh4 ,there is either no seclusion on the ,hudson1 or there is so much that the conveniences of life are difficult to obtain4 ,where the steamers come to shore1--twenty a day1 with each from one to seven hundred passengers1--it is certainly far from secluded enough2 yet away from the landing-places servants find your house too lonely1 and your table1 without unreasonable expense and trouble1 is precarious and poor4 ,these mean and menus plaisirs reach1 after all1 the very citadel of philosophy4 ,who can live without a cook or a chamber-maid1 and dine seven days in the week on veal1 consoling himself with the beauties of a river-side8 ,on the smaller rivers these evils are somewhat ameliorated2 for in the rural and uncorrupt villages of the interior you may find servants born on the spot1 and content to live in the neighborhood4 ,the market is better1 too1 and the society less exposed to the evils that result from too easy an access to the metropolis4 ,no place can be rural1 in all the virtues of the phrase1 where a steamer will take the villager to the city between noon and night1 and bring him back between midnight and morning4 ,there is a suburban look and character about all the villages on the ,hudson which seem out of place among such scenery4 ,they are suburbs2 in fact1 steam has destroyed the distance between them and the city4 ,illustration ,,the ,,catterskill ,,falls4 ',midst greens and shades the ,catterskill leaps ,from cliffs where the wood-flower clings2 ,all summer he moistens his verdant steeps ,with the sweet light spray of the mountain springs2 ,and he shakes the woods on the mountain side1 ,when they drip with the rains of autumn-tide4 ,but when in the forest bare and old ,the blast of ,december calls1 ,he builds1 in the starlight clear and cold1 ,a palace of ice where his torrent falls1 ,with turret and arch and fretwork fair1 ,and pillars blue as the summer air4 ,for whom are those glorious chambers wrought1 ,in the cold and cloudless night8 ,is there neither spirit nor motion of thought ,in forms so lovely and hues so bright8 ,hear what the gray-haired woodmen tell ,of this wild stream1 and its rocky dell3 ',twas hither a youth of dreamy mood1 ,a hundred winters ago1 ,had wandered over the mighty wood ,when the panther's track was fresh on the snow2 ,and keen were the winds that came to stir ,the long dark boughs of the hemlock-fir4 ,too gentle of mien he seemed1 and fair1 ,for a child of those rugged steeps2 ,his home lay low in the valley1 where ,the kingly ,hudson rolls to the deeps2 ,but he wore the hunter's frock that day1 ,and a slender gun on his shoulder lay4 ,and here he paused1 and against the trunk ,of a tall gray linden leant1 ,when the broad clear orb of the sun had sunk ,from his path in the frosty firmament1 ,and over the round dark edge of the hill ,a cold green light was quivering still4 ,and the crescent moon1 high over the green1 ,from a sky of crimson shone ,on that icy palace1 whose towers were seen ,to sparkle as if with stars of their own2 ,while the water fell1 with a hollow sound1 ',twixt the glistening pillars ranged around4 ,is that a being of life1 that moves ,where the crystal battlements rise8 ,a maiden1 watching the moon she loves1 ,at the twilight hour1 with pensive eyes8 ,was that a garment which seemed to gleam ,betwixt his eye and the falling stream8 ',tis only the torrent tumbling o'er1 ,in the midst of those glassy walls1 ,gushing and plunging and beating the floor ,of the rocky basin in which it falls3 ',tis only the torrent--but why that start8 ,why gazes the youth with a throbbing heart8 ,he thinks no more of his home afar1 ,where his sire and sister wait3 ,he heeds no longer how star after star ,looks forth on the night1 as the hour grows late4 ,he heeds not the snow-wreaths lifted and cast ,from a thousand boughs by the rising blast4 ,his thoughts are alone of those who dwell ,in the halls of frost and snow1 ,who pass where the crystal domes upswell ,from the alabaster floors below1 ,where the frost-trees shoot with leaf and spray1 ,and frost-gems scatter a silvery day4 8,and1 oh1 that those glorious haunts were mine60 ,he speaks1 and throughout the glen ,thin shadows swim in the faint moonshine1 ,and take a ghastly likeness of men1 ,as if the slain by the wintry storms ,came forth to the air in their earthly forms4 ,there pass the chasers of seal and whale ,with their weapons quaint and grim1 ,and bands of warriors in glittering mail1 ,and herdsmen and hunters huge of limb3 ,there are naked arms1 with bow and spear1 ,and furry gauntlets the carbine rear4 ,there are mothers--and1 oh1 how sadly their eyes ,on their children's white brows rest6 ,there are youthful lovers3 the maiden lies ,in a seeming sleep on the chosen breast2 ,there are fair wan women with moon-struck air1 ,the snow-stars flecking their long loose hair4 ,they eye him not as they pass along1 ,but his hair stands up with dread1 ,when he feels that he moves with that phantom throng1 ,till those icy turrets are over his head2 ,and the torrent's roar1 as they enter1 seems ,like a drowsy murmur heard in dreams4 ,the glittering threshold is scarcely passed1 ,when there gathers and wraps him round ,a thick white twilight1 sullen and vast1 ,in which there is neither form nor sound2 ,the phantoms1 the glory1 vanish all1 ,with the dying voice of the waterfall4 ,slow passes the darkness of that trance1-- ,and the youth now faintly sees ,huge shadows and gushes of light that dance ,on a rugged ceiling of unhewn trees1 ,and walls where the skins of beasts are hung1 ,and rifles glitter on antlers strung4 ,on a couch of shaggy skins he lies2 ,as he strives to raise his head1 ,hard-featured woodmen1 with kindly eyes ,come round him and smooth his furry bed1 ,and bid him rest1 for the evening star ,is scarcely set1 and the day is far4 ,they had found at eve the dreaming one ,by the base of that icy steep1 ,when over his stiffening limbs begun ,the deadly slumber of frost to creep2 ,and they cherished the pale and breathless form1 ,till the stagnant blood ran free and warm4 ,,william ,,cullen ,,bryant4 ,illustration ,,town ,,of ,,sing-,,sing4 ,illustration ,,sing-,,sing is famous for its marble1 of which there is an extensive quarry near by2 for its ,state-prison1 of which the discipline is of the most salutary character2 and for its academy1 which has a high reputation4 ,it may be said1 altogether1 to do the ,state some service4 ,the county of ,west ,chester1 of which this is the principal town on the ,hudson1 has been made the scene of perhaps the best historical novel of our country1 and more than any other part of the ,united ,states suffered from the evils of war during the ,revolution4 ,the character and depredations of the 8cow-boys0 and 8skinners10 whose fields of action were on the skirts of this neutral ground1 are familiar to all who have read 8the ,essay0 of ,mr4 ,cooper4 ,a distinguished clergyman gives the following very graphic picture of ,west ,chester ,county in ,revolutionary days3-- 8,in the autumn of #aggg ,i resided for some time in this county4 ,the lines of the ,british were then in the neighborhood of ,kingsbridge1 and those of the ,americans at ,byram ,river4 ,the unhappy inhabitants were therefore exposed to the depredations of both4 ,often they were actually plundered1 and always were liable to this calamity4 ,they feared everybody whom they saw1 and loved nobody4 ,it was a curious fact to a philosopher1 and a melancholy one1 to hear their conversation4 ,to every question they gave such an answer as would please the inquirer2 or if they despaired of pleasing1 such a one as would not provoke him4 ,fear was apparently the only passion by which they were animated4 ,the power of volition seemed to have deserted them4 ,they were not civil1 but obsequious2 not obliging1 but subservient4 ,they yielded with a kind of apathy1 and very quietly1 what you asked1 and what they supposed it impossible for them to retain4 ,if you treated them kindly they received it coldly2 not as a kindness1 but as a compensation for injuries done them by others4 ,when you spoke to them1 they answered you without either good or ill nature1 and without any appearance of reluctance or hesitation2 but they subjoined neither questions nor remarks of their own1--proving to your full conviction that they felt no interest either in the conversation or yourself4 ,both their countenances and their motions had lost every trace of animation and of feeling4 ,their features were smoothed1 not into serenity1 but apathy2 and instead of being settled in the attitude of quiet thinking1 strongly indicated that all thought beyond what was merely instinctive had fled their minds forever4 8,their houses1 meantime1 were in a great measure scenes of desolation4 ,their furniture was extensively plundered or broken to pieces4 ,the walls1 floors1 and windows were injured both by violence and decay1 and were not repaired because they had not the means to repair them1 and because they were exposed to the repetition of the same injuries4 ,their cattle were gone2 their enclosures were burned where they were capable of becoming fuel1 and in many cases thrown down where they were not4 ,their fields were covered with a rank growth of weeds and wild grass4 8,amid all this appearance of desolation1 nothing struck my eye more forcibly than the sight of the high road4 ,where ,i had heretofore seen a continual succession of horses and carriages1 life and bustle lending a sprightliness to all the environing objects1 not a single solitary traveller was seen1 from week to week or from month to month4 ,the world was motionless and silent1 except when one of these unhappy people ventured upon a rare and lonely excursion to the house of a neighbor no less unhappy1 or a scouting party1 traversing the country in quest of enemies1 alarmed the inhabitants with expectations of new injuries and sufferings4 ,the very tracks of the carriages were grown over and obliterated2 and where they were discernible resembled the faint impressions of chariot wheels1 said to be left on the pavements of ,herculaneum4 ,the grass was of full height for the scythe1 and strongly realized to my own mind1 for the first time1 the proper import of that picturesque declaration in the ,song of ,deborah3 #8,in the days of ,shamgar1 the son of ,anath1 in the days of ,jael1 the highways were unoccupied1 and the travellers walked through by-paths4 ,the inhabitants of the villages ceased3 they ceased in ,israel4'0 ,west ,chester is a rough county in natural surface2 but since the days when the above description was true1 its vicinity to ,new ,york1 and the ready market for produce have changed its character to a thriving agricultural district4 ,it is better watered with springs1 brooks1 and mill-streams1 than many other parts of ,new ,york1 and among other advantages enjoys along the ,hudson a succession of brilliant and noble scenery4 ,illustration ,,sleepy ,,hollow4 ,,beneath these gold and azure skies ,the river winds through leafy glades1 ,save where1 like battlements1 arise ,the gray and tufted ,palisades4 ,the fervor of this sultry time ,is tempered by the humid earth1 ,and zephyrs1 born of summer's prime1 ,give a delicious coolness birth4 ,they freshen this sequestered nook ,with constant greetings bland and free1 ,the pages of the open book ,all flutter with their wayward glee4 ,as quicker swell their breathings soft1 ,cloud-shadows skim along the field2 ,and yonder dangling woodbines oft ,their crimson bugles gently yield4 ,the tulip-tree majestic stirs ,far down the water's marge beside1 ,and now awake the nearer firs1 ,and toss their ample branches wide4 ,how blithely trails the pendent vine6 ,the grain-slope lies in green repose2 ,through the dark foliage of the pine ,and lofty elms the sunshine glows4 ,like sentinels in firm array ,the trees-of-life their shafts uprear2 ,red cones upon the sumach play1 ,and ancient locusts whisper near4 ,from wave and meadow1 cliff and sky1 ,let thy stray vision homeward fall2 ,behold the mist-bloom floating nigh1 ,and hollyhock white-edged and tall2 ,its gaudy leaves1 though fanned apart1 ,round thick and mealy stamens spring1 ,and nestled to its crimson heart ,the sated bees enamored cling4 ,mark the broad terrace flecked with light ,that peeps through trellises of rose1 ,and quivers with a vague delight ,as each pale shadow comes and goes4 ,the near1 low gurgle of the brook1 ,the wren's glad chirp1 the scented hay1 ,and e'en the watch-dog's peaceful look ,our vain disquietudes allay4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,,henry ,,theodore ,,tuckerman4 ,illustration ,,view ,,from ,,fort ,,putnam1 ,,hudson ,,river4 ,illustration ,,this fort--which commands the military position of ,west ,point1 and which was considered so important during the ,revolutionary war--is now in ruins1 but is visited by all travellers in this region for the superb view which it affords of the sublime pass of the ,highlands4 ,this was the great key which ,arnold's treachery intended to give into the hands of the ,english2 and associated with the memory of the unfortunate ,andr1 and with other painful events of the conspiracy1 it possesses an interest which is wanting to other objects of the same description in our country4 ,washington's visit of inspection to ,fort ,putnam and the other redoubts on this side the river was made only two or three hours before his discovery of the treason of ,arnold1 at that moment1 as he supposed1 in command at ,west ,point4 ,the commander-in-chief was expected to arrive the evening before2 and had he done so1 ,arnold would probably never have escaped4 ,having accidentally met the ,french minister1 ,m4 de ,lucerne1 at ,fishkill1 however 7eight miles above71 he was induced to pass the night there for the purpose of some conference1 and set off early in the morning on horseback1 sending on a messenger to ,mrs4 ,arnold that himself and suite would be with her to breakfast4 ,arriving opposite ,west ,point1 near a small redoubt called ,fort ,constitution1 ,washington turned his horse from the road4 ,lafayette1 who was then in his suite1 called out1 8,general1 you are going in the wrong direction2 you know ,mrs4 ,arnold is waiting breakfast for us40 8,ah10 answered ,washington1 8,i know you young men are all in love with ,mrs4 ,arnold1 and wish to get where she is as soon as possible4 ,go and take your breakfast with her1 and tell her not to wait for me2 ,i must ride down and examine the redoubts on this side the river40 ,two of the aides rode on1 found breakfast waiting1 and sat down at once with ,general ,arnold and his family4 ,while they were at table a messenger came in with a letter for ,arnold1 which announced the capture of ,andr1 and the failure and betrayal1 of course1 of the whole conspiracy4 ,showing little or no emotion1 though his life hung upon a thread1 he merely said to one of his aides that his presence was required at ,west ,point2 and leaving word for ,general ,washington that he was called over the river1 but would return immediately1 he ordered a horse and sent for ,mrs4 ,arnold to her chamber4 ,he then informed her abruptly that they must part1 possibly forever1 and that his life depended on his reaching the enemy's lines without delay4 ,struck with horror at this intelligence1 she swooned and fell senseless4 ,in that state he left her1 hurried downstairs1 mounted a horse belonging to one of his aides that stood saddled at the door1 and rode with all speed to the bank of the river4 ,a boat with six men was in waiting2 and pretending that he was going with a flag of truce1 he pulled down the stream1 and arrived safe on board the 8,vulture0 sloop of war1 lying some miles below4 ,meantime ,washington1 having finished his inspection of the redoubt1 arrived at ,arnold's house1 received his message1 and concluded to cross immediately and meet ,arnold at ,west ,point4 ,as the whole party were seated in the barge moving smoothly over the water1 with the majestic scenery of the ,highlands about them1 ,washington said1 8,well1 gentlemen1 ,i am glad1 on the whole1 that ,general ,arnold has gone before us1 for we shall now have a salute2 and the roaring of the cannon will have a fine effect among these mountains40 ,the boat drew near to the beach1 but no cannon were heard1 and there was no appearance of preparation to receive them4 8,what60 said ,washington1 8do they not intend to salute us80 ,at this moment an officer was seen making his way down the hill to meet them1 who seemed confused at their arrival1 and apologized for not being prepared to receive such distinguished visitors4 8,how is this1 sir10 said ,washington1 8is not ,general ,arnold here80 8,no1 sir10 replied the officer1 8he has not been here these two days2 nor have ,i heard from him within that time40 8,this is extraordinary10 said ,washington2 8we were told that he had crossed the river1 and that we should find him here4 ,however1 our visit must not be in vain4 ,since we have come1 we must look round a little1 and see in what state things are with you40 ,he then ascended the hill1 examined ,fort ,putnam and the other fortifications1 and returned to ,arnold's house1 where the fact of the treason was at once revealed4 ,this had occupied two or three hours1 however1 and ,arnold was beyond pursuit4 ,washington retained his usual calmness1 though ,arnold was one of his favorite officers1 and had been placed at ,west ,point by his own personal influence with ,congress4 ,he called ,lafayette and ,knox1 showed them the proofs1 and only said to the former1 8,whom can we trust now80 ,illustration ,,wyoming4 ,,thou com'st in beauty on my gaze at last1 8,on ,susquehanna's side1 fair ,wyoming60 ,image of many a dream in hours long past1 ,when life was in its bud and blossoming1 ,and waters1 gushing from the fountain spring ,of pure enthusiast thought1 dimmed my young eyes1 ,as by the poet borne on unseen wing1 ,i breathed in fancy #8neath thy cloudless skies ,the summer's air1 and heard her echoed harmonies4 ,i then but dreamed3 thou art before me now ,in life1 a vision of the brain no more4 ,i've stood upon the wooded mountain's brow ,that beetles high thy lovely valley o'er2 ,and now1 where winds thy river's greenest shore1 ,within a bower of sycamores am laid2 ,and winds as soft and sweet as ever bore ,the fragrance of wild-flowers through sun and shade ,are singing in the trees1 whose low boughs press my head4 ,nature hath made thee lovelier than the power ,even of ,campbell's pen hath pictured3 he ,had woven1 had he gazed one sunny hour ,upon thy smiling vale1 its scenery ,with more of truth1 and made each rock and tree ,known like old friends1 and greeted from afar3 ,and there are tales of sad reality ,in the dark legends of thy border war1 ,with woes of deeper tint than his own ,gertrude's are4 ,but where are they1 the beings of the mind1 ,the bard's creations1 moulded not of clay1 ,hearts to strange bliss and suffering assigned1-- ,young ,gertrude1 ,albert1 ,waldegrave1--where are they8 ,we need not ask4 ,the people of to-day ,appear good1 honest1 quiet men enough1 ,and hospitable too1--for ready pay2 ,with manners like their roads1 a little rough1 ,and hands whose grasp is warm and welcoming1 though tough4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,there is a woman1 widowed1 gray1 and old1 ,who tells you where the foot of ,battle stepped ,upon their day of massacre4 ,she told ,its tale1 and pointed to the spot1 and wept1 ,whereon her father and five brothers slept ,shroudless1 the bright-dreamed slumbers of the brave1 ,when all the land a funeral mourning kept4 ,and there wild laurels1 planted on the grave ,by ,nature's hand1 in air their pale red blossoms wave4 ,and on the margin of yon orchard hill ,are marks where time-worn battlements have been1 ,and in the tall grass traces linger still ,of 8arrowy frieze and wedged ravelin40 ,five hundred of her brave that valley green ,trod on the morn in soldier-spirit gay2 ,but twenty lived to tell the noonday scene1-- ,and where are now the twenty8 ,passed away4 ,has ,death no triumph-hours1 save on the battle-day8 ,,fitz-,,greene ,,halleck4 ,illustration ,,crow-,,nest1 ,,from ,,bull ,,hill1 ,,west ,,point4 ,illustration ,,it is true of the ,hudson1 as of all other rivers1 that to be seen to advantage it should form the middle1 not the foreground1 of the picture4 ,those who go to ,albany by steam have something the same idea of the scenery of ,west ,point that an inside passenger may have of the effect of a stage-coach at top-speed4 ,it is astonishing how much foreground goes for in landscape2 and there are few passes of scenery where it is more naturally beautiful than those of the ,hudson4 ,in the accompanying drawing1 the picturesque neighborhood of ,undercliff1 the seat of ,general ,morris1 lies between the river and the artist1 and directly opposite stands the peak of ,crow ,nest1 mentioned in the description of ,west ,point4 ,crow ,nest is one of the most beautiful mountains of ,america for shape1 verdure1 and position2 and when the water is unruffled1 and the moon sits on his summit1 he looks like a monarch crowned with a single pearl4 ,this is the scene of the first piece-work of fancy which has come from the practical brain of ,america1--the poem of 8,the ,culprit ,fay40 ,the opening is so descriptive of the spot that it is quite in place here2 and to those who have not seen the poem 7as most ,european readers have not7 it will convey an idea of a production which1 in my opinion1 treads close on the heels of the 8,midsummer ,night's ,dream30-- ',tis the middle watch of a summer's night1-- ,the earth is dark1 but the heavens are bright2 ,nought is seen in the vault on high ,but the moon and the stars and the cloudless sky1 ,and the flood which rolls its milky hue1-- ,a river of light on the welkin blue4 ,the moon looks down on old ,crow ,nest1 ,she mellows the shades on his shaggy breast1 ,and seems his huge gray form to throw ,in a silver cone on the wave below2 ,his sides are broken by spots of shade ,by the walnut boughs and the cedar made1 ,and through their clustering branches dark ,glimmers and dies the firefly's spark1-- ,like starry twinkles that momently break ,through the rifts of the gathering tempest rack4 ,the stars are on the moving stream1 ,and fling1 as its ripples gently flow1 ,a burnish'd length of wavy beam ,in an eel-like1 spiral line below4 ,the winds are whist1 and the owl is still1 ,the bat in the shelvy rock is hid2 ,and nought is heard on the lonely hill ,but the cricket's chirp and the answer shrill ,of the gauze-winged katy-did1 ,and the plaints of the mourning whip-poor-will1 ,who mourns unseen1 and ceaseless sings ,ever a note of wail and wo1 ,till morning spreads her rosy wings1 ,and earth and sky in her glances glow4 ',tis the hour of fairy ban and spell3 ,the wood-tick has kept the minutes well2 ,he has counted them all with click and stroke ,deep in the heart of the mountain-oak2 ,and he has awakened the sentry-elve ,who sleeps with him in the haunted tree1 ,to bid him ring the hour of twelve1 ,and call the fays to their revelry4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,they come from beds of lichen green1 ,they creep from the mullen's velvet screen2 ,some on the backs of beetles fly ,from the silver tops of moon-touch'd trees1 ,where they swing in their cob-web hammocks high1 ,and rock'd about in the evening breeze2 ,some from the hum-bird's downy nest1-- ,they had driven him out by elfin power1 ,and pillow'd on plumes of his rainbow breast ,had slumber'd there till the charmed hour2 ,some had lain in a scarp of the rock1 ,with glittering rising-stars inlaid1 ,and some had open'd the four-o'clock1 ,and stolen within its purple shade4 ,and now they throng the moonlight glade1 ,above--below--on every side1 ,their little minion forms arrayed ,in the tricksy pomp of fairy pride4 ,the general assembly of the fairies is at last complete1 and they proceed to the trial of the culprit fay1 who has extinguished his elfin lamp and paralyzed his wings by a love for a mortal maid4 ,he is condemned to penances1 which are most exquisitely described1 and constitute the greater part of the poem2 and he finally expiates his sins1 and is forgiven4 ,there is a fineness of description1 and a knowledge of the peculiarities of ,american nature1 in birds1 fishes1 flowers1 and the phenomena of this particular region1 which constitute this little poem a book of valuable information as well as an exquisite work of fancy4 ,just under ,crow ,nest1 buried in the heavy leaves of a ravine1 springs a waterfall like a naiad from the depths of the forest1 and plunges down into the river4 ,the rambles in and about its neighborhood are cool and retired2 and it is a favorite place for lovers from ,new ,york1 who run up in the steamer in three hours1 and find the honeymoon goes swimmingly off there1--the excellent hotel within half a mile supplying the real1 without which the ideal is found to be very trumpery4 ,the marble tomb of a cadet1 who was killed by the bursting of a gun1 forms a picturesque object1 and gives a story to the spot4 ,illustration ,,horicon4 ,,in the midst of the mountains all bosky and wooded1 ,its bosom thick-gemmed with the loveliest isles1 ,its borders with vistas of ,paradise studded1-- ,looking up to the heaven sweet ,horicon smiles4 ,thick set are its haunts with old legend and story1 ,that1 woven by genius1 still cluster and blend2 ,but its beauty will cling1 like a halo of glory1 ,when legend and record with ages shall end4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,far down in the waters the pebbles are gleaming1-- ,far down in the clear waves that nothing can hide2 ,so1 beauty of youth1 comes the name you are dreaming1-- ,too pure for concealment1 too gentle for pride2 ,so smiles on your faces the sunshine of heaven1-- ,the blessing distilled in the gardens of air1-- ,a smile of contentment from ,paradise given ,that woman and lake have been fashioned so fair4 ,pure ,horicon6 glassing the brows of the mountains1 ,as handmaid might bend to a conqueror's will1 ,although nurtured and swelled by the commonest fountains ,yet pure and transparent and beautiful still6 ,no wonder the men of the cross and the missal ,once named it 8,the ,lake of the ,sacrament0 pure1 ,or that far leagues away1 from some holiest vessel1 ,its drops on the forehead could comfort and cure4 ,on the fair silver lake drives the ,indian no longer1 ,with the sweep of his paddle1 the birchen canoe2 ,and the fortresses fall that made weakness the stronger1 ,and saved the white maid when the war-whistle blew4 ,but 'tis well that the old and the savage are fated1 ,and that danger rolls back from the ,edens of earth2 ,our boats glide as well with all loveliness freighted1 ,and the war-whoop we lose in the sallies of mirth4 ,pure ,horicon6 lake of the cloud and the shadow6 ,soft shimmer your moonlight and dimple your rain6 ,and the hearts far away--if by seaside or meadow-- ,still think of your blue with a lingering pain6 ,among the far islands that glitter in heaven1-- ,on the dim1 undiscovered1 and beautiful shore1-- ,some glimpse of a lovelier sea may be given ,to the eyes of the perfect1--but never before6 ,,henry ,,morford4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,catterskill ,,falls4 7,,from ,,below47 ,,the ,,catterskill ,,falls4 ,illustration ,,from the precipice whence our first view of this ,fall is taken1 the descent is steep and slippery to the very brink of the torrent1 which it is necessary to cross on the wild blocks that lie scattered in its rocky bed4 ,from thence1 literally buried in forest foliage1 the tourist will enjoy a very different1 but perhaps more striking and picturesque1 view than the other4 ,the stream1 at a vast height above him1 is seen leaping from ledge to ledge1--sometimes lost1 sometimes sparkling in sunshine1 till it courses impetuously beneath the rock on which he is seated1 and is lost in the deep unbroken obscurity of the forest4 ,the rocky ledges above1 worn by time1 have the appearance of deep caverns1 and beautifully relieve the fall of the light and silvery stream4 ,in the winter1 the vast icicles which are suspended from the ledges of rock1 and shine like pillars against the deep obscurity of the caverns behind1 afford a most romantic spectacle1 one which has afforded a subject to ,bryant for one of the most imaginative of his poems4 ,illustration ,,the ,,wreck ,,of ,,the ,,ancient ,,coaster4 ,,her side is in the water1 ,her keel is in the sand1 ,and her bowsprit rest on the low gray rock ,that bounds the sea and land4 ,her deck is without a mast1 ,and sand and shells are there1 ,and the teeth of decay are gnawing her planks ,in the sun and the sultry air4 ,no more on the river's bosom1 ,when sky and wave are calm1 ,and the clouds are in summer quietness1 ,and the cool night-breath is balm1 ,will she glide in the swan-like stillness ,of the moon in the blue above1-- ,a messenger from other lands1 ,a beacon to hope and love4 ,no more in the midnight tempest ,will she mock the mounting sea1 ,strong in her oaken timbers1 ,and her white sail's bravery4 ,she hath borne1 in days departed1 ,warm hearts upon her deck2 ,those hearts1 like her1 are mouldering now1 ,the victims and the wreck ,of time1 whose touch erases ,each vestige of all we love2 ,the wanderers1 home returning1 ,who gazed that deck above1 ,and they who stood to welcome ,their loved ones on that shore1 ,are gone1--and the place that knew them ,shall know them nevermore4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,,fitz-,,greene ,,halleck4 ,illustration ,,hudson ,,river4 ,,rivers that roll most musical in song ,are often lovely to the mind alone2 ,the wanderer muses1 as he moves along ,their barren banks1 on glories not their own4 ,when1 to give substance to his boyish dreams1 ,he leaves his own1 far countries to survey1 ,oft must he think1 in greeting foreign streams1 8,their names alone are beautiful1 not they40 ,if chance he mark the dwindled ,arno pour ,a tide more meagre than his native ,charles2 ,or views the ,rhone when summer's heat is o'er1 ,subdued and stagnant in the fen of ,arles2 ,or when he sees the slimy ,tiber fling ,his sullen tribute at the feet of ,rome1-- ,oft to his thought must partial memory bring ,more noble waves1 without renown1 at home4 ,now let him climb the ,catskill1 to behold ,the lordly ,hudson1 marching to the main1 ,and say what bard1 in any land of old1 ,had such a river to inspire his strain6 ,along the ,rhine gray battlements and towers ,declare what robbers once the realm possessed2 ,but here ,heaven's handiwork surpasseth ours1 ,and man has hardly more than built his nest4 ,no storied castle overawes these heights1 ,nor antique arches check the current's play1 ,nor mouldering architrave the mind invites ,to dream of deities long passed away4 ,no ,gothic buttress1 or decaying shaft ,of marble1 yellowed by a thousand years1 ,lifts a great land-mark to the little craft1-- ,a summer cloud6 that comes and disappears4 ,but cliffs1 unaltered from their primal form ,since the subsiding of the deluge1 rise ,and hold their savins to the upper storm1 ,while far below the skiff securely plies4 ,farms1 rich not more in meadows than in men ,of ,saxon mould1 and strong for every toil1 ,spread o'er the plain or scatter through the glen ,botian plenty on a ,spartan soil4 ,then1 where the reign of cultivation ends1 ,again the charming wilderness begins2 ,from steep to steep one solemn wood extends1 ,till some new hamlet's rise the boscage thins4 ,and these deep groves forever have remained ,touched by no axe1 by no proud owner nursed2 ,as now they stand they stood when ,pharaoh reigned1 ,lineal descendants of creation's first4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,no tales we know are chronicled of thee ,in ancient scrolls2 no deeds of doubtful claim ,have hung a history on every tree1 ,and given each rock its fable and a fame4 ,but neither here hath any conqueror trod1 ,nor grim invaders from barbarian climes2 ,no horrors feigned of giant or of god ,pollute thy stillness with recorded crimes4 ,here never yet have happy fields laid waste1 ,the ravished harvest and the blasted fruit1 ,the cottage ruined and the shrine defaced1 ,tracked the foul passage of the feudal brute4 8,yet1 ,o ,antiquity60 the stranger sighs1 8,scenes wanting thee soon pall upon the view2 ,the soul's indifference dulls the sated eyes1 ,where all is fair indeed1--but all is new40 ,false thought6 ,is age to crumbling walls confined8 ,to ,grecian fragments and ,egyptian bones8 ,hath ,time no monuments to raise the mind1 ,more than old fortresses and sculptured stones8 ,call not this new which is the only land ,that wears unchanged the same primeval face ,which1 when just dawning from its ,maker's hand1 ,gladdened the first great grandsire of our race4 ,nor did ,euphrates with an earlier birth ,glide past green ,eden towards the unknown south1 ,than ,hudson broke upon the infant earth1 ,and kissed the ocean with his nameless mouth4 ,twin-born with ,jordan1 ,ganges1 and the ,nile6 ,thebes and the pyramids to thee are young6 ,oh1 had thy waters burst from ,britain's isle1 ,till now perchance they had not flowed unsung4 ,,thomas ,,william ,,parsons4 ,illustration ,,undercliff1 ,,near ,,cold-,,spring4 7,the seat of the late ,general ,morris47 ,illustration ,,the pen of the poet and the pencil of the artist have so frequently united to record the grandeur and sublimity of the ,hudson1 and with such graphic fidelity1 that little of interest remains unsaid or unsketched4 ,but when every point of its bold and beautiful scenery might be made the subject of a picture1 and every incident of its past history the theme of a poem1 it requires no great research to discover new and prominent objects of attraction4 ,perhaps there is no portion of this beautiful river which partakes more of the picturesque1 or combines more of the wild and wonderful1 than the vicinity of the present view2 and when time shall touch the history of the present with the wand of tradition1 and past events shall live in the memory of the future as legends1 romance will never revel in a more bewitching region4 ,fiction shall then fling its imaginative veil over the things we have seen1 covering but not concealing them1 and in the plentitude of poetic genius people the drama of futurity with a thousand exquisite creations1 clothed in the venerated garb of antiquity4 ,undercliff1 the mansion of the late ,general ,george ,p4 ,morris1 which forms the principal object in the engraving1 is situated upon an elevated plateau1 rising from the eastern shore of the river2 and the selection of such a commanding and beautiful position at once decides the taste of its intellectual proprietor4 ,in the rear of the villa1 cultivation has placed her fruit and forest trees with a profuse hand1 and fertilized the fields with a variety of vegetable products4 ,the extent of the grounds is abruptly terminated by the base of a rocky mountain1 that rises nearly perpendicular to its summit1 and affords in winter a secure shelter from the bleak blasts of the north4 ,in front1 a circle of greensward is refreshed by a fountain in the centre1 gushing from a ,grecian vase1 and encircled by ornamental shrubbery2 from thence a gravelled walk winds down a gentle declivity to a second plateau1 and again descends to the entrance of the carriage road1 which leads upwards along the left slope of the hill through a noble forest1 the growth of many years1 until suddenly emerging from its sombre shades1 the visitor beholds the mansion before him in the bright blaze of day4 ,a few openings in the wood afford an opportunity to catch a glimpse of the water1 sparkling with reflected light2 and the immediate transition from shadow to sunshine is peculiarly pleasing4 ,although the sunny prospects from the villa--of the giant mountains in their eternal verdure1 the noble stream when frequent gusts ruffle its surface into a thousand waves1 the cluster of white cottages collected into the distant village--are glorious1 it is only by the lovely light of the moon1 when ,nature is in repose1 that their magic influence is fully felt4 ,we were fortunate in having an opportunity to contemplate the scene at such an hour4 ,the moon had risen from a mass of clouds which formed a line across the sky so level that fancy saw her ascending from the dark sea1 and her silvery light lay softened on the landscape2 silence was over all1 save where the dipping of a distant oar was echoed from the deep shadows of the rocks4 ,sometimes the white sail of a sloop would steal into sight from the deep gloom1 like some shrouded spirit gliding from the confines of a giant's cavern1 recalling the expressive lines by ,moore3-- 8,the stream is like a silvery lake1 ,and o'er its face each vessel glides ,gently1 as if it feared to wake ,the slumber of the silent tides40 ,general ,morris published some time ago a volume of lyrical effusions1 called 8,the ,deserted ,bride1 and other ,poems40 ,many of them have been written among the fairy beauties of ,undercliff1 and under the inspiration of that true poetic feeling which such enchanting scenes are so likely to elicit4 ,where so many gems of genius enrich a work1 it becomes difficult to decide upon that most worthy of selection4 ,it is not our province or intention to review the volume1 but we cannot resist the inclination to make an extract1 because it seems so beautiful an accessory to the subject1 and must create an added interest in the engraving4 ,where scenes are so replete with the poetry of ,nature1 they are best illustrated by the poetry of numbers2 but we were particularly delighted with the following lines1 addressed to his young daughter4 ,the natural simplicity of the subject is well expressed by the purity of its poetic images1 and breathes the refinement of paternal affection4 ,illustration ,,ida4 ,,where ,hudson's wave1 o'er silvery sands1 ,winds through the hills afar1 ,old ,cro'nest like a monarch stands1 ,crowned with a single star3 ,and there1 amid the billowy swells ,of rock-ribbed1 cloud-capt earth1 ,my fair and gentle ,,ida dwells1 ,a nymph of mountain birth4 ,the snow-curl that the cliff receives1 ,the diamonds of the showers1 ,spring's tender blossoms1 buds and leaves1 ,the sisterhood of flowers1-- ,morn's early beam1 eve's balmy breeze1 ,her purity define2 ,but ,,ida',s dearer far than these ,to this fond breast of mine4 ,my heart is on the hills4 ,the shades ,of night are on my brow2 ,ye pleasant haunts and silent glades1 ,my soul is with you now6 ,i bless the star-crowned islands where ,my ,,ida',s footsteps roam1-- ,oh for a falcon's wing to bear ,me onward to my home6 ,illustration ,,ausable4 ,,the twilight on ,ausable ,by rock and river fell2 ,with tints of rose-veined marble ,it glimmered through the dell4 ,shadows on tree and river ,in stately grandeur hung2 ,there ,nature sings forever ,what poets have not sung4 ,the dark rocks1 proudly lifted1 ,uprear their rugged form ,like giants1--nobly gifted ,to breast the torrent's storm4 ,dim mystery forever ,here chants a song sublime1 ,while onward rolls the river ,unchangeable as time4 ,from soul to soul is spoken ,what lips cannot impart2 ,and the silence is but broken ,by the throbbing of the heart4 ,the evening sky in glory ,lights the massy1 rifted wall1 ,and with many a wondrous story ,fancy paints the waterfall1 ,of the savage freely roving ,in a scene as wild as he2 ,of the ,indian maiden loving ,with a spirit full of glee4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,yet though ,indian maid and lover ,have forever passed away1 ,we may dream their visions over1 ,and may love as well as they6 ,on the borders of the river ,we may whisper ere we part ,songs whose music clings forever ,round the memories of the heart4 ,we may catch an inspiration ,from dark river1 rock1 and fall1 ,and a higher adoration ,for the ,spirit over all6 ,,oliver ,,wendell ,,withington4 ,illustration ,,winter ,,scene ,,on ,,the ,,catterskills4 ,illustration ,,the great proportion of evergreen trees1 shrubs1 and creepers in the ,american mountains makes the winter scenery less dreary than might at first be imagined2 but even the nakedness of the deciduous trees is not long observable4 ,the first snow clothes them in a dress so feathery and graceful that1 like a change in the costume of beauty1 it seems lovelier than the one put off2 and the constant renewal of its freshness and delicacy goes on with a variety and novelty which is scarce dreamed of by those who see snow only in cities1 or in countries where it is rare4 ,the roads in so mountainous a region as the ,catterskills are in winter not only difficult1 but dangerous4 ,the following extracts from an account of a sleigh-ride in a more level part of the country will serve to give an idea of it3-- 8,as we got farther on1 the new snow became deeper4 ,the occasional farm-houses were almost wholly buried1 the black chimney alone appearing above the ridgy drifts2 while the tops of the doors and windows lay below the level of the trodden road1 from which a descending passage was cut to the threshold1 like the entrance to a cave in the earth4 ,the fences were quite invisible4 ,the fruit-trees looked diminished to shrubberies of snow-flowers1 their trunks buried under the visible surface1 and their branches loaded with the still falling flakes1 till they bent beneath the burden4 ,nothing was abroad1 for nothing could stir out of the road without danger of being lost2 and we dreaded to meet even a single sleigh1 lest in turning out the horses should #8slump' beyond their depth in the untrodden drifts4 ,the poor animals began to labor severely1 and sank at every step over their knees in the clogging and wool-like substance2 and the long and cumbrous sleigh rose and fell in the deep pits like a boat in a heavy sea4 ,it seemed impossible to get on4 ,twice we brought up with a terrible plunge1 and stood suddenly still2 for the runners had struck in too deep for the strength of the horses1 and with the snow-shovels1 which formed a part of the furniture of the vehicle1 we dug them from their concrete beds4 ,our progress at last was reduced to scarce a mile in the hour1 and we began to have apprehensions that our team would give out between the post-houses4 ,fortunately it was still warm1 for the numbness of cold would have paralyzed our already flagging exertions4 8,we had reached the summit of a long hill with the greatest difficulty4 ,the poor beasts stood panting and reeking with sweat2 the runners of the sleigh were clogged with hard cakes of snow1 and the air was close and dispiriting4 ,we came to a stand-still1 with the vehicle lying over almost on its side2 and ,i stepped out to speak to the driver and look forward4 ,it was a discouraging prospect2 a long deep valley lay before us1 closed at the distance of a couple of miles by another steep hill1 through a cleft in the top of which lay our way3 we could not even distinguish the line of the road between4 ,our disheartened animals stood at this moment buried to their breasts2 and to get forward1 without rearing at every step1 seemed impossible4 ,the driver sat on his box1 looking uneasily down into the valley4 ,it was one undulating ocean of snow1--not a sign of a human habitation to be seen1 and even the trees indistinguishable from the general mass by their whitened and overladen branches4 ,the storm had ceased1 but the usual sharp cold that succeeds a warm fall of snow had not yet lightened the clamminess of the new-fallen flakes1 and they clung around the foot like clay1 rendering every step a toil4 8,we heaved out of the pit into which the sleigh had settled1 and for the first mile it was down hill1 and we got on with comparative ease4 ,the sky was by this time almost bare1 a dark slaty mass of clouds alone settling on the horizon in the quarter of the wind2 while the sun1 as powerless as moonlight1 poured with dazzling splendor on the snow1 and the gusts came keen and bitter across the sparkling waste1 rimming the nostrils as if with bands of steel1 and penetrating to the innermost nerve with their pungent iciness4 ,no protection seemed of any avail4 ,the whole surface of the body ached as if it were laid against a slab of ice4 ,the throat closed instinctively1 and contracted its unpleasant respiration4 ,the body and limbs drew irresistibly together to economize1 like a hedge-hog1 the exposed surface4 ,the hands and feet felt transmuted to lead2 and across the forehead1 below the pressure of the cap1 there was a binding and oppressive ache1 as if a bar of frosty iron had been let into the skull4 ,the mind1 meantime1 seemed freezing up1--unwillingness to stir1 and inability to think of anything but the cold1 becoming every instant more decided4 8,from the bend of the valley our difficulties became more serious4 ,the drifts often lay across the road like a wall1 some feet above the heads of the horses2 and we had dug through one or two1 and had been once upset1 and often near it1 before we came to the steepest part of the ascent4 ,the horses had by this time begun to feel the excitement of the rum given them by the driver at the last halt1 and bounded on through the snow with continuous leaps1 jerking the sleigh after them with a violence that threatened momently to break the traces4 ,the steam from their bodies froze instantly1 and covered them with a coat like hoar-frost2 and spite of their heat1 and the unnatural and violent exertions they were making1 it was evident by the pricking of their ears and the sudden crouch of the body when a stronger blast swept over1 that the cold struck through even their hot and intoxicated blood4 8,we toiled up1 leap after leap2 and it seemed miraculous to me that the now infuriated animals did not burst a blood-vessel or crack a sinew with every one of those terrible springs4 ,the sleigh plunged on after them1 stopping dead and short at every other moment1 and reeling over the heavy drifts like a boat in a surging sea4 ,a finer crystallization had meanwhile taken place upon the surface of the moist snow2 and the powdered particles flew almost insensibly on the blasts of wind1 filling the eyes and hair1 and cutting the skin with a sensation like the touch of needle-points4 ,the driver and his maddened but almost exhausted team were blinded by the glittering and whirling eddies2 the cold grew intenser every moment1 the forward motion gradually less and less2 and when1 with the very last effort apparently1 we reached a spot on the summit of the hill which from its exposed situation had been kept bare by the wind1 the patient and persevering whip brought his horses to a stand1 and despaired1 for the first time1 of his prospects of getting on40 ,the description1 which is too long to extract entire1 details still severer difficulties2 after which the writer and driver mounted the leaders1 and finally arrived1 nearly dead with cold1 at the tavern4 ,such cold as is described here1 however1 is what is called 8an old-fashioned spell10 and occurs now but seldom4 ,illustration ,,new ,,york ,,harbor ,,on ,a ,,calm ,,day4 ,is this a painting8 ,are those pictured clouds ,which on the sky so movelessly repose8 ,has some rare artist fashioned forth the shrouds ,of yonder vessel8 ,are these imaged shows ,of outline1 figure1 form1 or is there life-- ,life with a thousand pulses--in the scene ,we gaze upon8 ,those towering banks between1 ,e'er tossed these billows in tumultuous strife8 ,billows6 there's not a wave6 the waters spread ,one broad1 unbroken mirror2 all around ,is hushed to silence1--silence so profound ,that a bird's carol1 or an arrow sped ,into the distance1 would1 like larum bell1 ,jar the deep stillness and dissolve the spell4 ,,park ,,benjamin4 ,university ,press3 ,john ,wilson ,son1 ,cambridge4 ,,transcriber ,,notes ,misspelled words and printer errors have been corrected4 ,inconsistencies in punctuation have been maintained4 ,cover created for this ebook4 ,some illustrations moved to facilitate page layout4 ,the end of ,forest1 ,rock1 and ,stream1 by ,n4 ,p4 7,nathaniel ,parker7 ,willis4