,a ,,manual ,,( ,,! ,,h& ,,la!3 ,,compris+ ,,concise ,,directions ,,= ,,work+ ,,metals ,,( ,,all ,,k9ds1 ,,ivory1 ,,bone ,,& ,,preci\s ,,woods2 ,,dye+1 ,,color+1 ,,& ,,fr5* ,,poli%+2 ,,inlay+ ,,by ,,v5e]s1 ,,& ,,v>i\s ,,me?ods ,,practic$ ,,to ,,produce ,,elaborate ,,"w ,,) ,,dispat*1 ,,& ,,at ,,small ,,exp5se4 ,,by ,,egb]t ,p4 ,,watson1 ,,late ,,( 8,,! ,,sci5tific ,,am]ican10 ,,au?or ,,( 8,,! ,,mod]n ,,practice ,,( ,,am]ican ,,ma*9i/s ,,& ,,eng9e]s40 ,,illu/rat$ ,,by ,,sev5ty-,,eight ,,engrav+s4 ,,philadelphia3 ,,h5ry ,,c>ey ,,baird1 ,,indu/rial ,,publi%]1 #djf ,,walnut ,,/reet4 ,,london3 ,,sampson ,,l[1 ,,son ,,m>/on1 ,,cr[n ,,build+s1 #ahh ,,fleet ,,/4 #ahfi4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,ent]$ accord+ to ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahfi1 by ,,h5ry ,,c>ey ,,baird1 ,9 ! ,cl]k's ,(fice ( ! ,di/rict ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 & = ! ,ea/]n ,di/rict ( ,p5nsylvania4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,to ,,my ,,de> ,,son1 ,,egb]t ,,p]ley ,,watson1 ,i ,,d$icate ,,?is ,,little ,,book1 ,,9 ,,! ,,hope ,,t ,,he ,,may ,,be ,a ,,good ,,man1 ,,& ,a ,,good ,,me*anic4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,preface4 ------- ,i did n write ?is little book ) ! int5tion ( apologiz+ to ! prospective read]1 s soon z ,i _h done s1 b ) ! hone/1 ,i hope n egoti/ical1 feel+ t ,i _h some?+ to say t 0 n g5]ally kn[n4 ,we live to le>n & to imp>t :at we "k to o!rs1 & ,i h tak5 ?is me?od ( giv+ my exp]i5ce 9 a pa/ime t is elevat+1 arti/ic 9 e s5se ( ! ^w1 & a :olesome relief f ! c>es ( bus9ess4 ,9 reg>d to ! "w itself1 ,i c %[ samples ( e ?+ ( any importance describ$ or giv5 9 x4 ,i h n made all ( ! patt]ns giv5 9 ! back "p1 = t is m]e r\t9e1 b 9 gross1 & 9 mo/ details1 ! book is ! result ( exp]i5ce1 & w be f\nd reliable z f> z x goes4 ,t x does n cov] e possible *ange & use to :i* ! la! c be put1 ,i am well aw>e4 ,some?+ mu/ be left = ! workman to f9d out himself4 ,nei!r h ,i giv5 any recipes = v>ni%es1 = ^? _c be made by inexp]i5c$ p]sons4 ,moreov]1 !y c be _h s *eaply & univ]sally1 t x is m]e folly = any amateur to make !m4 ,salut+ all p]sons :o love ! art ( :i* ?is little volume is descriptive1 ,i am _! s9c]e fri5d1 ,,egb]t ,p4 ,,watson4 ,,new ,,york1 ,april #ae1 #ahfi4 ,,cont5ts4 ------- ,,page ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,foot ,,la! #ac ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,tools #bb ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,scrap]s1 ,,etc #cj ,,*as+ ,,& ,,screw ,,cutt+ #cc ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,*as]s1 ,,etc #ce ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,*uck+ #db ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,metal ,,sp9n+ #ea ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,ornam5tal ,,cutt+ #ei ,,to ,,make ,a ,,pair ,,( ,,solitaire ,,sleeve ,,buttons #ei ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,c5tres #fe ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,fancy ,,turn+ #ga ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,ornam5tal ,,woods #gg ,,v>ieties #gg ,,snake ,,wood #gh ,,tulip ,,wood #gi ,,granadilla #hj ,,tam>9d #hj ,,cam ,,wood #ha ,,box ,,wood #ha ,,laurel ,,root #hb ,,:ite ,,holly #hb ,,ebony #hb ,,olive ,,wood #hc ,,s&al ,,wood #hc ,,rose ,,wood #hd ,,curl$ ,,maple #hd ,,birds' ,,eye ,,maple #hd ,,treatm5t #he ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,wood ,,turn+ #hg ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,tools ,,= ,,wood ,,turn+ #ij ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,tool ,,temp]+1 ,,etc4 #ib ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,arti/ic ,,wood ,,turn+ #if ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,/amp ,,inlay+ #ajb ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,designs ,,9 ,,mosaic #ajf ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,f9i%+ ,,! ,,outside #aaj ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,inlay+ ,,cont9u$ #aad ,,glu+ ,,9 ,,v5e]s #aae ,,ivory #aaf ,,poli%+ #aah ,,dye+ ,,ivory #aah ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,,ornam5tal ,,designs ,,= ,,inlay+ #aba ,,*apt] ,,xx4 ,,g5]al ,,summ>y #abe ,,lacqu]s #abf ,,sold]+ #abg ,,v>ni%+ ,,& ,,poli%+ #abi ,,bru%es #aca ,,pe>l #aca ,,miscellane\s ,,tools #aca ,,curv+ ,,v5e]s #acb ,,cutt+ ,,miscellane\s ,,mat]ials #acc ,,index #ace ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,manual ,,( ,,! ,,h& ,,la!4 ------- ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,foot ,,la!4 ,!re are two di/9ct k9ds ( "w done 9 foot la!s--! useful & ! m]ely ornam5tal4 ,bo? af=d enjoym5t & pr(it to ^? :o practise !m4 ,! me*anic :o e>ns 8 liv+ by work+ t5 h\rs a day 9 a work%op1 does n c>e to g home & pursue ! same call+ 9 ! ev5+2 b he c in/itute an agreeable *ange 9 8 life1 beautify 8 dwell+1 & cultivate 8 ta/e1 by ! use ( ! la!1 & ?us obta9 ornam5ts t w\ld co/ l>ge sums if pur*as$ at ! /ores2 or he may1 inde$1 make ! la! a s\rce ( rev5ue1 & sell ! product ( 8 skill & +5uity at high prices to ^? :o admire1 b h n ! ability to con/ruct4 ,to _m me*anics1 ev51 ! la! is m]ely a ma*9e = turn+ cyl9d]s or disks1 or execut+ beads1 ogees1 scrolls1 or curves ( v>i\s radii1 s t1 aft] all1 ! "w is pretty mu* alike1 & ceases to be attractive4 ,?is is q a mi/ak5 view4 ,!re are no su* goods 9 m>ket z ^? made on la!s1 & peculi> tools us$ 9 connection ) !m--by la!s ) trav]s+ m&rels1 ) geometric *ucks1 ) dome *ucks1 & comp\nd slide re/s4 ,!re are la!s t1 :ile "o c\ld *ase up a five-eight bolt 9 !m z well z on ! simple pulley & treadle ma*9e1 are also capable ( execut+ all sorts ( beautiful ?+s--vases ) bases ne>ly squ>e1 or exactly squ>e1 ) r\nd tops & hexagonal bodies1 ) gracefully-curv$ angul> sides & bases1 flut$ v]tically2 boxes ) curi\s patt]ns1 resembl+ basket "w2 9 fact1 any comb9ation ( /raight & curv$ l9es1 cut 9 ! sides1 x is possible = an +5i\s man to inv5t4 ,/rictly speak+1 ^! are n la!s1 = 9 ord] to d ! ?+s be=e m5tion$ x is necess>y to use aft] atta*m5ts 9 connection ) !m1 s t ! comb9ation ( !m produces ! results spok5 (4 ,!re is1 absolutely1 an unlimit$ field = ! g5ius ( workm5 to ex]t itself 9 design+ patt]ns & execut+ "w ( an ornam5tal "*4 ,all ornam5tal "w resolves itself into movem5ts ( ?ree k9ds--angul>1 circul> & /raight4 ,f ! comb9ation ( ^! ) ea* o!r1 ! times :]e !y m]ge & em]ge1 :]e a movem5t ( "o k9d *anges into any o!r1 :]e an ellipse becomes "p ( a circle1 :]e circles are g5]at$ across ! circumf]5ces ( o!r circles1 :]e ^! patt]ns are drawn ov] & ^u ea* o!r )\t de/roy+ ! "* ( ei!r--we say1 by su* movem5ts1 & _m o!rs :i* x w\ld be confus+ to foll[1 ! mo/ beautiful =ms are made4 ,or1 if ! ta/e ( ! workman runs ^u me*anical in/ead ( arti/ic ?+s1 !re are /eam eng9es to be made1 /eam boil]s to be spun up1 ( small size2 9 fact1 any piece or ma*9e t c be ?\ght (4 ,x is almo/ unnecess>y to specify ! innum]able k9ds ( "w t c be done 9 a h& la!1 b ! amateur :o delights 9 metal turn+ may make tr9kets ( all k9ds = 8 fri5ds1 t %all vie 9 beauty ) ! be/ ef=ts ( ! jewel] & goldsmi?4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is dep5d5t on ! mat]ial us$1 ! ta/e ( ! workman1 & 8 orig9ality ( conception4 ,p9s = ladies' we> c be made ( boxwood & ebony1 glu$ toge!r 9 sections1 ( all designs1 & aft]w>ds turn$ 9 beads & m\ld+s1 or o!rwise ornam5t$ 9 a *uck1 z w be %[n h]eaft]4 ,sleeve buttons c be made ( ebony & silv]1 ivory & silv]1 pe>l & gold1 or any comb9ation t is desir$4 ,*ess & *eck] m5 also af=d a *ance to display skill4 ,&1 besides ^!1 special "w ( any nature is )9 ! capacity ( ! ma*9e4 ,!re is no family 9 ?is c\ntry t w\ld n f9d x economy to h a foot la! 9 ! h\se1 :]e ! memb]s h me*anical ta/es--n necess>ily ! male memb]s1 = ladies use foot la!s1 9 ,europe1 ) ! greate/ dext]ity4 ,"s ( ! mo/ beautiful "w ev] made1 0 by ,miss ,holtzapfel1 a relative ( ! celebrat$ me*ani/ ( ! same "n4 ,if !re are %ovels to be m5d$1 ! la! w drill ! holes & turn ! rivets4 ,if ! h&le ( ! saucepan is loose1 x w d ! same4 ,if scissors or knives want gr9d+1 !re is ! la!2 if ! ca/ors on ! s(a break d[n1 !re is ! la!2 if skates ne$ repairs1 ei!r ( gr9d+ or ( any o!r k9d1 !re is ! la!4 ,9 %ort1 x ought to be z mu* a "p ( dome/ic economy z ! sew+ ma*9e1 = x takes ! odd /it*es 9 ! me*anical dep>tm5t t save money4 ,let n ! inexp]i5c$ read]1 :o he>s ( a la! = ! fir/ "t1 be fright5$ at ?is array ( t]ms1 or div]t$ f ! use ( x by ! recital4 ,9 its simple =m1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #a1 x is readily und]/ood1 &1 aft] a little practice1 easily manag$ by any "o1 &1 aft] ! fir/ few weeks1 ! amateur w realize ! fruits ( 8 application4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,at fir/1 x _h n ev5 a cont9u\s rot>y motion1 b ! sp9dle 0 driv5 by a belt work$ by a spr+ pole or its equival5t4 ,! belt 0 roll$ r\nd ! sp9dle1 & ! pole all[$ to spr+ up2 ! sp9dle !n revolv$ ! l5g? ( ! belt1 or rope1 = belts 7 n ?\ght (1 & ! op]ation 0 repeat$1 ! "w be+ done only :5 ! =ce ( ! spr+ pole revolv$ ! sp9dle & ! job ! "r way4 ,foot la!s _h1 prior to ! introduction ( ! eng9e la!1 be5 us$ on v heavy "w4 ,x is b a few ye>s1 comp>atively speak+--n tw5ty--s9ce ca/-iron %afts1 six1 eight1 & t5 in*es 9 diamet]1 7 turn$ 9 su* la!s4 ,= all t we "k to ! contr>y1 _m jobs1 f> exce$+ ?is 9 size1 h be5 ?us execut$4 ,9 "s %ops1 !re are /ill /&+ heavy oak5 %e>s1 made ( timb] tw5ty in*es deep1 & f\r or six in*es wide1 fac$ ) boil] iron1 & 9 ! racks above !re are long-%ank$ tools1 ) :i* ! m5 ( old 7 wont to d ! "w4 ,^! la!s are nev] us$ n[1 except = drill+ holes1 or = appr5tices to practice on1 b !y s]ve to %[ :at ma*9i/s _h to d 9 old5 times1 :5 !re 7 no vise b5*es to sit on & wat* ! *ips curl+ (f ! tool1 z m5 d n[4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,h& la!s are n 9 great favor 9 l>ge ma*9e %ops4 ,!y are n us$1 or %\ld n be1 = any purpose except drill+1 & !n !y are no long] h& la!s1 b horizontal drill+ ma*9es4 ,!re is no simple "w to be done on a h& la! t c\ld n be p]=m$ to bett] advantage & m *eaply on a ma*9e con/ruct$ = ! purpose4 ,"s l>ge ma*9e %ops keep a h& la! go+ cont9ually1 cutt+ (f /ud bolts1 fac+ & r\nd+ up nuts1 & simil> "w4 ,?is does n seem pr(itable4 ,a ma*9e to d ?is "w w\ld d m1 ( a bett] quality1 ?an h& labor c\ld4 ,! foot la!--! t]ms h& & foot la! are synonym\s--is g5]ally us$1 at ! pres5t "t1 by small ma*9i/s1 manufactur]s ( gas fixtures1 amateurs1 etc42 m5 :o d n "w a la! con/antly1 b are call$ (f to braze or sold]1 or1 p]haps1 to fit "s detail ) a file4 ,= ^! uses ! foot la! is "o ( ! *eape/ ( tools2 = ! same p]son t does ! "w furni%es ! p[] also1 s t a man work+ on a foot1 or h& la!1 z x is (t5 call$1 ought to h fir/-class wages4 ,moreov]1 a fir/-rate foot la! turn] is always a good me*anic1 = x takes no small degree ( dext]ity to p]=m ! sev]al jobs ) ease1 & dispat*1 & c]ta9ty4 ,to always get hold ( ! "r tool1 to use ! same prop]ly1 s t x w la/ a reasonable "t )\t be+ gr\nd or temp]$1 to r\gh-turn holl[ places ) a squ>e edge1 to *ase a true ?read to ! "r size e "t1 )\t mak+ a drunk5 "o1 or a slant+ "o1 to make a true ?read inside ( an oil cup or a box--all ^! sev]al tasks require good judgm5t1 dext]ity1 & a /eady h&4 ,( c\rse1 :]e a slide-re/ is us$1 ! case is diff]5t4 ,we allude1 specially1 to a cutt+ tool manag$ by ! h&4 ,to d all ^! ?+s1 h[ev]1 x is necess>y to h tools1 & good ones1 or none4 ,x is an old say+1 t a bad workman qu>rels ) 8 tools1 b a good workman has a "r to qu>rel ) bad tools1 if he is furni%$ ) !m1 ?r\gh *ance or design4 ,x is impossible to execute good "w ) a dull tool1 "o badly %ap$1 or unsuit$ to ! purpose1 &1 !re=e1 x is important to set out "r at ! beg9n+4 ,!re is no tool m effici5t 9 ! h&s ( a good workman1 ?an ! diamond po9t1 ,fig4 #b1 "h %[n4 ,= r\gh+ (f a piece ( metal1 = squ>+ up ! end1 = fac+ a piece held 9 ! *uck1 = runn+ out a curve1 or r\nd+ up a globe1 x is equally well adapt$4 ,x may be truly call$ ! turn]'s fri5d4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,tools4 ,any "o :o has wat*$ a novice at "w on a la!1 mu/ h rem>k$ ! difficulty he has 9 controll+ ! tool & keep+ up ! motion ( ! treadle at ! same "t4 ,! two op]ations are difficult to 8get ! hang (10 to use a homely phrase2 b once conqu]$1 ! "w c proce$4 ,! natural t5d5cy is to slack up or /op ! motion ( ! treadle :ile ! tool is engag$1 & ! tool is1 !re=e1 at "o "t "u ! "w1 at ano!r "t above x1 at ano!r jump+ rankly 91 until1 f9ally1 ! piece goes :irl+ out ( ! c5t] or ! *uck1 & ! op]ator flu%es all ov] at 8 awkw>dness4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is rem$i$ by practice2 & z ?is "w is writt5 ma9ly = ! in=mation ( beg9n]s & amateurs1 we hope t exp]ts & ^? :o "k all ab\t h& la!s1 w excuse allusion to su* simple ?+s z hold+ ! tool prop]ly1 & k9dr$ matt]s4 ,! la! mu/ be ( su* a height z ! workman f9ds conv5i5t1 s t he is n oblig$ to /oop mu*1 &1 at ! same "t1 l[ en\gh to all[ ! weight ( ! body to be ?r[n on ! tool :5 h>d "w is to be done4 ,! spe$ ( ! la! ought to be v high on ! smalle/ cone1 & !re %\ld be ?ree spe$s1 at lea/1 = diff]5t "w4 ,! object is to regulate ! velocity ( ! "w 9 ! la!1 & keep ! motion ( ! treadle uni=m1 z ne> z may be1 at all times4 ,x di/resses a workman greatly1 :5 *as+ a f9e ?read on a small diamet]1 if he has to tread fa/ to get up ! prop] spe$1 z he does :5 !re are only two spe$s4 ,on ! contr>y1 = l>g] jobs1 x is difficult to keep up a rot>y motion if ! foot moves sl[ly1 z x mu/ 9 ord] n to burn ! tool by a high velocity on "s k9ds ( "w4 ,foot la!s1 9 g5]al1 are n ge>$1 al?\gh "s are1 & ought to h wid] ranges ( spe$ ?an !y d4 ,:]e "o class ( "w is done1 h[ev]1 x makes little diff]5ce1 b = g5]al turn+1 ! spe$s %\ld v>y4 ,ano!r difficulty exp]i5c$ by beg9n]s is 9 hold+ ! tool /ill--rigidly s4 ,!y all[ x to 8bob0 back & =? aga9/ ! "w1 if x runs untrue1 s t x is impossible to make a job4 ,! tool mu/ be held h>d d[n1 z if x grew to ! re/1 & nev] mov$1 nor rec$$1 until ! cut begun is f9i%$4 ,! 8re/0 %\ld be ( s(t1 wr\ght iron1 s9ce t mat]ial holds a tool ) m t5acity2 impos+ less /ra9 on ! arms ( ! op]ator4 ,x %\ld be dress$ (f smoo? z (t5 z x gets badly worn1 or cut by ind5tations4 ,ca/ iron is n good1 & /eel is n s good z wr\ght iron4 ,a special re/ %\ld be kept = *as+ ?reads )1 s9ce ! lea/ ob/acle is en\gh1 :5 runn+ up a f9e ?read1 to div]t ! *as] & spoil ! job1 by mak+ a drunk5 ?read4 ,if we n[ suppose ! la! to be 9 good ord]1 ! c5t]s true & well-turn$ to a gauge1 ! rod 7if t is ! job7 betwe5 !m & prop]ly 8dogg$10 ! c5t]s oil$1 & ! re/ at ! "r height1 we %all be all ready to />t4 ,! re/ %\ld be high en\gh to br+ ! po9t ( ! tool a little above ! c5t]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,to r\gh (f ! outside1 & make x run true1 is ! fir/ /ep1 & ! tool mu/1 !re=e1 be held z 9 ,fig4 #c1 or s t ! po9t & "p ( ! edge alone engage ) ! "w4 ,?is w take (f a ?91 spiral cut1 )\t spr++ ! %aft or mak+ x untrue4 ,! :ole surface ( ! %aft mu/ be ?us run ov]1 beg9n+ at ! "r h& & %ift+ ! tool z fa/ z "o "p is turn$4 ,! tool %\ld n be mov$ rigidly 9 a /raight l9e t[>d ! belt1 b by hold+ x h>d d[n on ! re/1 s t ! bottom edge be>s z 9 ,fig4 #b1 & rock+ ! tool on t angle1 s t ! po9t describes a curve1 z 9 ,fig4 #d1 ! "w w be turn$ ev5ly & true4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4 ,we mu/ rem>k1 9 pass+1 t ! p]son :o reads ^! directions1 & !n und]takes to turn by !m1 w f9d t read+ h[ to d a ?+1 & do+ x1 are two diff]5t matt]s4 ,x looks v nice to see a skat] d>t+ ov] ! ice at 8 ease1 b try x once1 &1 if y nev] knew be=e1 y w und]/& :at exp]i5ce means4 ,try+ to tea* a p]son to be a turn]1 9 a book1 is analog\s4 ,"o c only indicate ! g5]al me?od1 & leave exp]i5ce to d ! re/4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4 ,aft] ! :ole surface has be5 run ov]1 ! same tool may be us$ on ! flat side = r$uc+ ! "w to "o diamet] ?r\gh\t ! l5g?4 ,! read] mu/ n assume t !re is no o!r tool ?an a diamond po9t2 he w f9d _m o!rs adv]t$ to1 z we proce$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4 ,x is mo/ important t ! ends ( a rod or %aft %\ld be squ>$ up fir/1 be=e ! body is turn$1 = ! removal ( "s slight inequality subsequ5tly may cause ! :ole %aft to run out ( tru?4 ,! c5t] mu/ be drill$ ) a small drill1 & slightly c\nt]sunk4 ,:5 ! end is squ>$ up1 ! c5t] mu/ be run back a little1 s t ! tool po9t may project ov] ! drill$ hole1 & ?us make x all true ab\t ! c5t]1 z 9 ,fig4 #e4 ,?is w make ! "w pu% ov] to "o side ( ! c5t]1 b t is ( no consequ5ce4 ,let x run z x w2 s long z x does n come out ( ! c5t]s !re ne$ be no appreh5sion4 ,fig4 #f1 is ano!r k9d ( r\gh+ tool1 to d heavi] "w )4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g4 ,!re are two k9ds ( tools us$ 9 foot la!s1 call$ /raight & heel tools4 ,fig4 #g is a heel tool4 ,x is s call$ f ! heel :i* is =g$ on ! l[] end4 ,"o =m ( ! /raight tool has already be5 %[n4 ,! heel tool is us$ on heavy "w1 & ! object ( x is app>5t1 namely1 to hold on ! re/1 & s impose b little labor on ! workman to reta9 x 9 place1 or prev5t x f rec$+4 ,x is g5]ally =g$ f half in* or five eigh? /eel4 ,! /eel is held 9 a h&le tw5ty in*es long1 groov$ on top to fit ! /eel1 & furni%$ ) a h&le at "r angles4 ,?is h&le has a squ>e eye 9 ! top t ! tool passes ?r\gh4 ,a nut at ! end ( x screws up ! eye & b9ds ! tool fa/ 9 ! groove1 s t x _c slip4 ,x is giv5 complete 9 ,fig4 #g4 ,! l[] h&le enables ! workman to h great p[] ov] ! edge1 & to direct x f or to ! "w )\t dang] ( cat*+4 ,! tool is us$ by re/+ ! end on ! %\ld]1 z 9 ,fig4 #h1 & turn+ ! l[e/ h&le4 ,s9ce ! heel holds ! tool f slipp+1 !re is no occasion to be> aga9/ x4 ,9 fact1 !re is no occasion1 at any "t1 to =ce ! tool f ! workman1 b x mu/ be turn$ sideways1 back & =?4 ,a piece1 prop]ly c5t]$1 may be cut 9 any way )\t de/roy+ its tru?4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,scrap]s1 ,,etc4 ,to suit diff]5t k9ds ( "w1 z previ\sly /at$1 v>i\s tools are ne$$1 b ! read] mu/ n expect to see !m all illu/rat$ 9 ?is book4 ,! workman w le>n :at tools he ne$s1 & make !m = himself1 :i* w be ( m advantage to him ?an engrav+s c\ld be4 ,! tools "h %[n1 w be f\nd v useful 9 diff]5t places4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #i4 ,fig4 #i is ! end ( a ?9-edg$1 flat scrap]1 & is *iefly to be us$ on brass "w4 ,x may be ( any l5g? & size1 b = small la!s1 & light "w1 x is *eap] & h&i] to make x ( ?9 %eet /eel1 "o eigh? or "o t5? ( an in* ?ick1 & to =m ! rev]se end into a r\nd nose1 or half-circle scrap]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj4 ,x (t5 happ5s t fillets or holl[s occur1 z 9 f9i%+ ornam5tal brass "w1 9 connection ) flat surfaces4 ,by hav+ su* a tool z ?is1 ! necessity ( lay+ "o tool d[n & pick+ up ano!r1 is obviat$1 = ! two are comb9$ 9 "o4 ,= iron "w1 x is cu/om>y to use a heavi] & ?ick] tool = f9i%+4 ,z 9 ,fig4 #aj1 ! front edge is slightly rais$ or concave1 to make x %>p & hold a cut well4 ,all turn+ tools = f9i%+ iron are made ?ick] ?an ^? = brass1 & %\ld h lips1 or curv$ cutt+ edges4 ,su* tools _c be us$ = brass1 z !y are too %>p2 ! edges jump into ! metal & spoil ! "w4 ,a tool = scrap+ brass "w ( "s k9ds is made z %[n 9 ,figs4 #aa & #ab4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ab4 ,!re is no occasion to make ! ends at diff]5t angles1 except ! conv5i5ce1 be=e /at$1 ( hav+ f\r cutt+ edges on "o piece1 = any angle c be easily giv5 by ! position ( ! h& or ! direction ( ! re/4 ,^! tools1 "h allud$ to1 are only to be us$ :5 ! job has be5 all turn$ true & ! scale remov$2 !y scrape1 m]ely1 !y d n cut4 ,su* tools sometimes save a few /eps at a critical p]iod2 t is1 :5 ! tool is well set & 9 place1 s t ! "w is done bett] & m exp$iti\sly4 ,ap>t f ?is consid]ation1 !re is ! *ance ( cutt+ or injur+ ! h&s1 by ! proximity ( %>p edges4 ,"u ! control ( an exp]t1 h[ev]1 !re is little dang] f ?is cause1 z inspection w %[4 ,skilful m5 t h work$ a lifetime at _! trade1 h few m>ks or sc>s on _! h&s1 z a g5]al ?+4 ,:5 ^! scrap]s are us$ on ca/ iron1 or1 inde$1 on brass ( a peculi> composition1 !y sometimes 8*att]10 z x is call$1 & leave ! "w full ( deep1 unsightly m>ks1 l ^? on ! edge ( co9s4 ,! cause ( *att]+ is ! rapid vibration ( ! tool1 s t x spr+s away f1 & aga9/ ! "w1 ) great rapidity1 leav+ traces ( its edge on ! "w4 ,*att]+ may be prev5t$1 by putt+ a piece ( sole lea!r on ! re/1 betwe5 x & ! tool4 ,! tools ) long h&les are *iefly int5d$ = heavy "w1 or t :i* requires bo? h&s to ! cut1 b !re are small] tools ?an ^!1 us$ by amateurs1 :]e9 ! common file h&le1 or "o l x1 only a little long]1 is employ$ in/ead4 ,,*as+ ,,& ,,screw ,,cutt+4 ,9 an eng9e1 or p[] la!1 all screws are cut by tra9s ( ge>s1 z me*anics well "k1 b 9 ! h& la!1 :i* 0 ! fir/ ma*9e1 screws1 bo? male & female1 mu/ be made by *as]s or hubs1 bo? inside & outside4 ,! *as] itself mu/ be made fir/1 h[ev]1 & t is done by a simple tool call$ 8a hub40 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ac4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ad4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ae4 ,! *as] is fir/ =g$ 9 blank1 = an outside *as]1 z 9 ,fig4 #ad1 & z 9 ,fig4 #ae = an inside tool4 ,x is !n fil$ up1 & held aga9/ a hub1 %[n 9 ,fig4 #ac1 runn+ 9 ! la!4 ,?is rapidly cuts away ! *as] blank1 & =ms ! tee? 9 x p]fectly4 ,! l9es across x are spiral grooves1 cut completely r\nd f "o side to ! o!r1 s t ! hub cuts ! blank l any o!r tool4 ,fig4 #af repres5ts ! *as]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #af4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,*as]s1 ,,etc4 ,x is n always an easy task to *ase a true ?read on a piece ( "w1 & ev5 8! bolde/ holds 8 brea? = a "t10 if he has a nice piece ( "w all done b ! ?read1 & t 9 a critical "p4 ,x is s easy to make a drunk5 ?read1 or "o 9 :i* ! spirals are n true1 b div]ge or wav] 9 _! pa? ar\nd ! %aft1 t _m are made4 ,t !y are m common ?an true ?reads1 is well kn[n to me*anics4 ,to />t a ?read true is q easy ) an inside *as]2 =1 /range z x may seem1 x is seldom t a drunk5 ?read is made on inside "w2 only h ! bore itself true1 & ! *as] w run 9 prop]ly4 ,! case is diff]5t :5 a bolt or %aft is to be cut4 ,) f9e ?reads1 ! slighte/ ob/ruction on ! re/ w cause ! *as] to cat* & /op slightly4 ,no matt] h[ slight ! /oppage1 x is c]ta9 to damage ! ?read4 ,! injury is m p]ceptible on f9e ?reads ?an on co>se1 =1 9 ! =m]1 if ! ?reads d n fit 7z !y w n if !y are drunk51 "o cross+ ! o!r1 :5 bo? p>ts are put toge!r71 ! drunk5 ?read w n come fair ) ! o!r4 ,9 co>se ?reads1 h[ev]1 x w n be s app>5t1 =1 by mak+ ! drunk5 ?read small]1 x w h play & accommodate itself to its place4 ,?is is n workman%ip1 x is 8make-%ift40 ,to *ase a true ?read ! re/ mu/ be smoo? & free f burrs or depressions4 ,nice workm5 keep a special re/1 ) a h>d1 poli%$ /eel edge1 expressly = ?is purpose4 ,if ! *as]s !mselves are smoo?ly f9i%$ at ! bottom1 on an em]y :eel1 !y are all ! bett]4 ,) ^! precautions1 & o!rs not$ bel[1 success is c]ta94 ,:5 a ?read is to be />t$1 take a f9e diamond-po9t$ tool1 & hold x on ! end ( ! %aft to be *as$4 ,set ! la! go+1 & give ! tool a quick twi/ ) ! wri/1 s t a spiral w be trac$ on ! "w1 l ,fig4 #ag4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ag4 ,"s "p ( ?is w correspond ) ! pit* ( ! ?read to be cut1 & !re is less liability ( mak+ x drunk54 ,by a little practice1 "o is able to hit ! pit* ( ! *as] exactly 9 mak+ a />t4 8,!re is no tr\ble1 aft] y once "k h[40 ,we h *as$ quantities ( small screws1 ) =ty-eight ?reads to ! in*1 & n a sixte5? ( "o in* 9 diamet]4 ,if ! *as] once hesitates on su* screws1 !y are spoil$4 ,= heavy ?reads--sev5 & eight to ! in*1 :i* is ab\t z h>d "w z any "o wants to d1--x is ! cu/om ( "s turn]s to use a tool ) only two tee?1 & "s use only a %>p-edg$ cutt]1 l ,fig4 #ah1 to deep5 ! ?read1 ! *as] be+ us$ aft]w>d1 to rectify ! job4 ,!re is dang] ) ?is tool1 unless x is us$ by an exp]t1 ( digg+ out ! ?read1 s t ! la/ end ( x w be worse ?an ! fir/4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ah4 ,ano!r tool1 us$ 9 *as+ heavy ?reads1 is a doctor4 ,?is consi/s 9 hav+ a fac-simile ( ! ?read to be cut on ! back ( ! *as]1 & 9 apply+ a %ort set screw beh9d1 s t1 z ! iron is cut away1 ! *as] may be foll[$ up beh9d4 ,fig4 #ai is ! doctor1 b ! foll[] opposite ! *as] is too n>r[1 & %\ld be made ne>ly half a circle to avoid slipp+2 ) ?is exception x is all "r4 ,^! tools1 & ! screws made by !m1 are all inf]ior to ^? made by la!s ) trav]s+ m&rels2 t is1 a m&rel :i* slides 9 & out ( ! head /ock1 z 9 a ,holtzapffel la!4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ai4 ,?is la! has a s]ies ( hubs1 unlike ! "o %[n previ\sly1 slipp$ ov] ! back end ( ! la! sp9dle 7fur!/ f ! workman7 & a fix$ nut on ! head-/ock1 :i*1 be+ put 9 communication ) ! hub on ! m&rel1 drives ! same 9 & out1 accord+ to ! direction ! cone-pulleys are turn$4 ,( c\rse1 ) su* an atta*m5t z ?is1 !re is no dang] ( mak+ drunk5 ?reads1 = ! hubs :i* />t ! ?reads1 are cut ) a tra9 ( ge>s 9 an eng9e la!1 s t x is impossible = !m to be incorrect4 ,moreov]1 a squ>e ?read1 or a ,v-%ap$ ?read1 c be made ) !m1 :i* is n ! case ) common *as]s4 ,9 la!s t h trav]s+ m&rels to cut screws1 ! tool itself rema9s /ation>y1 b z ?is is obvi\sly a disadvantage 9 _m k9ds ( "w1 x is f> bett] to h ! tool advance & ! m&rel revolve z usual4 ,by ?is plan mu* "t is sav$1 a great] range ( "w is possible ) ! same ge>1 & a piece t is *uck$1 or "o t is betwe5 ! c5t]s1 c be cut ) equal facility4 ,any common la! c be rigg$ to d ?is by putt+ a %ell on ! back end ( ! m&rel1 betwe5 ! pulley & ! set screw1 & slipp+ ! hub ov] ! %ell1 ) a fea!r1 to keep x f turn+4 ,to take a ?read f ?is hub1 a r\nd b> mu/ be set p>allel ) ! %e>s1 9 easy-work+ guides4 ,! b> mu/ h an arm at "o end1 to rea* ov] to ! hub1 said arm to be fitt$ ) a piece ( h>d wood1 to mat* ! ?read on ! hub4 ,! o!r end ( ! b> has ! cutt+ tool 9 x2 ( c\rse1 at "r angles1 s z to run 9 to ! "w1 & be> on ! tool re/4 ,! tool is held 9 an arm on ! b> by a set screw1 s t x c be l5g!n$ or %ort5$4 ,by ?is arrangem5t1 a true ?read c be rapidly g5]at$ on any rod1 holl[ cyl9d]1 or o!r k9d ( "w--! pit* dep5d+ on ! pit* ( ! hub4 ,x is necess>y to h z _m diff]5t hubs1 v>y+ 9 pit*1 z !re are diff]5t k9ds ( "w to be done1 &1 al?\gh ! ?read on ! hub is only an in* or half an in* long1 p]haps1 a screw ( any l5g? may be cut on a rod1 by simply %ift+ ! cutt] on ! re/4 ,?is same b> is also useful = turn+1 z ) a slide re/1 =1 by slid+ x along gradually1 x acts1 9 a measure1 l a fix$ tool 9 a slide re/4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bj4 ,f ^! h9ts ! amateur :o takes a la! 9 h& = ! fir/ "t1 or is1 at be/1 a neophyte1 may le>n mu* to 8 advantage4 ,p]sons ( a me*anical turn only ne$ a h9t1 :5 ! m9d spr+s to ! conclusion ) surpris+ rapidity4 ,! little tool1 %[n 9 ,fig4 #bj1 is v h&y 9 _m in/ances1 p>ticul>ly = runn+ "u ! necks ( screws :5 ! ?read is cut up to ! head4 ,by s mak+ !m1 ! head comes fair d[n ^u its b$1 & holds mu* bett]4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,*uck+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ba4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bb4 ,*uck+ "w 9 ! la! is "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ bran*es1 = "h !re are no c5t]s 9 ! way1 to plague ! workman1 & ! tool has a fair sweep at all p>ts4 ,e "o :o uses a la!1 %\ld get a scroll *uck1 ,fig4 #ba1 ( ,cu%man's make1 7,a4 ,cu%man1 ,h>t=d1 ,connecticut17 t is1 a *uck :]e ! jaws move up toge!r t[>d ! c5t]1 s t any r\nd piece w be held p]fectly true4 ,?is is a great conv5i5ce1 = :e!r we h a r+ to bore out1 or a :eel to turn (f1 x is equally h&y1 & is f> bett] ?an ! indep5d5t jaw *uck1 :i* has to be set up by measurem5t1 & repeat$ trials be=e x is "r4 ,to ^? :o _c af=d to pur*ase a scroll *uck1 a wood5 "o c be made to answ] e purpose4 ,wood5 *ucks %\ld be made ( "s h>d1 f9e-gra9$ wood1 su* z maple or mahogany1 s t !y w hold well :atev] is driv5 into !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bd4 ,if we h a small cyl9d] head to turn1 = in/ance1 ! back head1 :i* has no hole 9 x to put a m&rel ?r\gh1 z ! front "o has1 ! wood5 *uck w come 9 play4 ,to make "o1 ! turn] takes a squ>e block ( ! prop] ?ickness1 say "o in*1 & saws ! corn]s (f1 s t x is eight-sid$4 ,x is !n ready to screw on ! face plate ( ! la!4 ,?is is quickly done by hav+ small screw holes 9 ! plate = ?is purpose1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #a1 page #ag4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #be4 ,! block is !n all ready to "w on1 & ! face mu/ be turn$ (f true1 & a recess cut out 9 x to receive ! head4 ,?is is ! head1 ,fig4 #bf4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bf4 ,on ! back side1 !re is a projection to fit ! cyl9d] ( ! eng9e4 ,?is mu/ be turn$ fir/1 & ! flange fac$ (f true3 aft] t ! head mu/ be pry$ out1 7by mak+ a little recess 9 ! *uck1 alongside ( x17 rev]s$1 & put 9 ! *uck aga91 ! f9i%$ side 91 s z to poli% x on ! outside4 ,fig4 #bg4 ,x mu/ be driv5 up tight aga9/ ! face ( ! *uck1 o!rwise ! flange w be ?ick] on "o side ?an ! o!r4 ,9 f9i%+1 x w be f\nd bett] to comm5ce ne> ! c5t]1 & "w out t[>d ! l>ge/ diamet]1 = x is necess>y to get "u ! scale1 or s&1 left on 9 ca/+1 fir/1 be=e ! "w c be turn$ true1 & ?is is easie/ done by beg9n+ at ! middle1 :]e ! spe$ is l[4 ,! scale is fus$ s& melt$ on ! metal 9 ! act ( ca/+4 ,! be/ tool to d ?is ) is ! diamond-po9t1 = x c be employ$ univ]sally on /raight or holl[ surfaces1 is easily gr\nd1 & always works well4 ,aft] x1 comes ! scrap]1 previ\sly %[n4 ,if ^! *att]1 a piece ( lea!r mu/ be put betwe5 !m & ! re/4 ,x is also well to put a /\t iron rod1 or piece ( h>d wood1 betwe5 ! back c5t] ( ! la! & ! face ( ! plate2 ?is keeps ev]y?+ /eady1 z %[n bel[1 s t a beautiful lu/] w be giv5 by ! tool alone4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bg4 ,aft] ! plate or head is firmly scrap$1 x mu/ be poli%$ ) fl\r em]y & oil4 ,! em]y fir/ us$ mu/ be ,no4 #a1 :i* is ab\t l ,indian meal2 if ! "w is brass1 h[ev]1 ?is w n be ne$$4 ,?is mu/ be pl5tifully suppli$ ) oil1 s t x is l cream1 & ! workman1 tak+ a s(t p9e /ick1 ) ! end p\nd$ into a bru%1 s t x w hold em]y1 holds x h>d up aga9/ ! face ( ! head4 ,if x has be5 prop]ly scrap$1 a few revolutions w produce a f9e-gra9$ f9i%1 b if x is badly done1 ! corn]s w be full ( scrat*es & *att]s4 ,x takes "t & exp]i5ce to make a good f9i%]1 & pati5ce also1 = m5 :o are good turn]s1 & c make excell5t fits1 are sometimes bot*es at poli%+4 ,aft] em]y ( ! f9e/ possible description has be5 us$1 a little r\ge p[d] %\ld be put on a piece ( bucksk9 & appli$ to ! "w4 ,?is w make a poli% equal to gold on brass1 & l silv] on iron4 ,in/ead ( ^! me?ods _m p]sons burni% _! "w4 ,! burni%] is sometimes made ( /eel1 ( blood/one1 & ( agate4 ,/eel is ! mat]ial g5]ally employ$4 ,x is poli%$ z bright z c be on a buff :eel1 & mu/ be pres]v$ s1 o!rwise x is useless to attempt do+ any?+ ) x4 ,pumice /one is v good = poli%+ )1 or r = f9i%+ ! surface be=e poli%+4 ,o!r sub/ances w be m5tion$ h]eaft]4 ,/eel & iron are be/ poli%$ ) a %>p tool & wat]4 ,to turn /eel ) a h&some surface1 ! tool mu/ be %>p5$ on an oil /one1 & ! spe$ high1 !n spit on ! "w & take light cuts1 & y w h a nice job4 ,to make a v brilliant poli% on /eel1 x is necess>y to use em]y & oil1 pl5ty ( oil & n mu* em]y1 b ?is makes su* a na/y mess on ! la!1 t few good turn]s w d x4 ,a file %\ld n be us$ 9 ! la! if possible2 fil+ a job makes x unev51 & spoils ! looks ( x4 ,x is difficult to avoid scrat*es1 & ! exp]t c g5]ally tell ! diff]5ce betwe5 "w t has be5 turn$ true1 & t :i* has be5 fil$1 &1 9 ne>ly all cases1 x is quick] to turn ! "w to fit or to f9i% at once4 ,9 poli%+ r\nd "w1 su* z rods or %afts1 x is mu* clean]1 & m exp$iti\s1 to make a pair ( clamps l ,fig4 #bh1 & put ! em]y & oil on lea!r pads betwe5 !m4 ,! clamps consi/ ( two /raight pieces ( s(t or h>d wood1 l9$ ) lea!r1 ?\gh "s use %eet lead4 ,! lea!r cat*es ! poli%+ mat]ial & holds x1 &1 at ! same "t1 keeps x cont9ually appli$ to ! %aft4 ,! clamps are slipp$ ov] ! same1 & ! ends held 9 ! h&4 ,?is ut5sil also gives a f9e f9i% to ! "w1 mak+ x smoo? & ev54 ,x mu/ be c>ri$ regul>ly along f end to end1 sometimes fa/ & sometimes sl[1 s z to cross ! l9es1 or avoid mak+ a twi/ 9 ! poli% l a screw ?read1 :i* w\ld o!rwise be giv54 ,a v beautiful & brilliant lu/] c be giv5 to a %aft ( iron or /eel1 aft] x is nicely f9i%$1 by hold+ a %eet ( f9e s& pap]1 cov]$ ) *alk1 on x4 ,! glaze t ?is gives1 makes ! "w gli/5 l silv]1 b x also takes (f all ! grease1 s t ! %aft is v s5sitive to moi/ure1 & is quickly ru/$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bh4 ,?is discussion ab\t poli%+ has l$ u away f ! consid]ation ( *uck+1 :i* we %all enl>ge a little m ^u4 ,! *uck is a v necess>y & ev5 indisp5sable auxili>y :5 *as+4 ,?reads _c be caught 9 ! jaws ( a scroll *uck1 because1 if set tight en\gh to hold ! "w1 ! ?reads are jamm$ s t !y w n run 9 ! "p !y 7 fitt$ to4 ,if a piece1 hav+ a ?read cut on x1 l ,fig4 #bi1 is to be turn$ outside1 x is v easy to *ase ! cap fir/ & !n ! cup x fits1 s t ! cap c be screw$ into x & turn$ (f :]e x belongs2 x w !n be true1 & is easy to mill on ! edge4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bi4 ,x mu/ always be borne 9 m9d t ! *as] mu/ be %>p4 ,if x is n1 drunk5 ?reads w be ! rule1 n ! exception4 ,! *uck %[n 9 ,fig4 #cj1 w be f\nd v useful = hold+ metallic disks1 small box cov]s1 or any?+ t requires m]ely a slight clasp2 x is also useful = hold+ r\nd plugs1 p5cils ( wood1 or p5hold]s1 to drill 9 ! ends4 ,x c be made ecc5tric ) ! m&rel ( ! la!1 if desir$1 s z to turn a piece on "o side1 or drill 9 a simil> mann] 9 ! end ( a plug4 ,x is m]ely a piece ( boxwood bor$ out1 bor$ ) holes1 :i* are saw$ d[n into slots1 s z to =m a s]ies ( jaws1 :i* are sprung 9 by slid+ ! r+ d[n on !m4 ,!y are s easily made t a great _m c be provid$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cj4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,metal ,,sp9n+4 ,sp9n+ %eet metal into v>i\s =ms is ano!r k9d ( "w :i* c be done 9 ! foot la!1 & x is "h t ! amateur c %[ 8 ta/e & dext]ity4 ,! process consi/s 9 =m+ a blank1 l ?is engrav+1 into an ornam5tal base = a lamp1 or an oil cup2 9 fact1 any ?+ :atsoev]4 ,all t is requisite is to h a fac simile1 9 wood1 ( ! %ape y wi% to make4 ,?is is bolt$ or o!rwise made fa/ to ! face plate1 & ! blank is !n set up aga9/ x1 & held z ! cyl9d] head1 %[n 9 ,fig4 #bf1 is1 t is1 ) a rod lead+ f ! back c5t] ( ! la! to ! "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ca4 ,a tool l ,fig4 #cb is !n us$ to press ! metal into all ! recesses or curves ( ! patt]n4 ,! spe$ mu/ be high1 & ! metal q s(t & moi/5$ ) a little soap-suds or oil1 s t x w n be scrat*$ by ! tool4 ,to sp9 metal requires "s dext]ity1 b x is easily acquir$ aft] a little practice4 ,! re/ mu/ be furni%$ ) holes1 l ,fig4 #cc1 & a p91 s t ! tool c be br\ght up aga9/ x l a lev]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cb4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cc4 ,/ill-ano!r k9d ( metal sp9n+ c be done 9 ! la!4 ,?is relates to mak+ circul> %apes1 or cyl9drical1 m prop]ly--su* z napk9 r+s1 ! tops ( /eam pipes1 or simil> ?+s4 ,to d ?is1 a m&rel is requisite4 ,! m&rel mu/ be ( /eel1 & turn$ to ! desir$ patt]n--l ,fig4 #cd1 = in/ance4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cd4 ,a f]rule is !n made & sold]$ toge!r ) lapp$ edges1 s t !re w be no seam4 ,! m&rel mu/ be z mu* small] ?an ! size ( ! f9i%$ "w z w all[ x to come (f freely1 = x w be app>5t t if ! "w 0 spun up on ! m&rel1 x c\ld nev] be tak5 (f4 ,! f]rule1 :5 put on !m1 w /& ecc5tric to ! m&rel1 z 9 ?is figure--t is1 :5 ! tool be>s on x4 ,9 o!r respects ! process is j ! same z sp9n+ on ! face plate4 ,tripoli1 *alk1 :it+1 rott5-/one1 & simil> sub/ances are us$ to give ! f9e poli% on su* "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ce4 ,we "k ( no pretti] or m exp$iti\s process ( mak+ a small /eam boil] = a toy eng9e1 ?an by sp9n+ x ^u ! la!4 ,! boil] w be v /rong1 h l>ge fire surface1 & be )\t jo9ts1 hav+ only "o at ! bottom1 :]e x is easily kept tight4 ,fig4 #cf is ! boil]4 ,! metal mu/ be ?9 7tw5ty gauge71 ! %eet brass sold 9 ! %ops w answ]1 z x is already anneal$1 & ! corrugations mu/ n be too deep on ! sides1 or ! "w w n come (f ! m\ld4 ,! c5t] ( ! fire-box1 ,a1 mu/ be left flat1 s t ! flue w h a be>+ on x4 ,= a small eng9e1 #a-;in* bore1 & #b-;in* /roke1 a boil] ( ! dim5sions giv5 "h is ample4 ,! flue mu/ be braz$ or sold]$ at ,a1 & ! bottom mu/ be rivet$ at ,b1 = e two in*es2 ?is is n necess>y1 h[ev]4 ,!re are only ?ree pieces 9 ?is boil]--! %ell1 ! fire-box1 & ! flue1 & ! wat] mu/ n be c>ri$ m ?an ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* ov] ! cr[n ( ! furnace4 ,we %all n[ aga9 rev]t to cutt+ tools4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cf4 ,probably _m ( our read]s1 :o use h& la!s n furni%$ ) slide re/s1 h wi%$ = t indisp5sable app5dage :]e bor+ is to be done4 ,= ord9>y turn+1 we d n appreciate a slide re/ on a h& la! s mu* z _m d t we "k1 b = bor+ out valves1 cocks1 or1 9 fact1 any?+1 a scroll *uck & a good slide re/ are invaluable4 ,"s p]sons are always 8mean+0 to d a ?+1 yet nev] d x4 ,sometimes1 = ! want ( facilities1 at o!rs = ! lack ( an idea4 ,if ! latt] be ( any value1 we c furni% "o or two on ?is subject t may be useful4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cg4 ,"o way to bore out holes p>allel1 )\t a slide re/1 is to d x ) ! sp9dle ( ! back head4 ,) a tool ( peculi> con/ruction1 holes v>y+ 9 size1 c be bor$ beautifully 9 ?is way4 ,we pres5t a view ( su* a tool 9 ,fig4 #cg4 ,x is m]ely a cross1 =m$ on ! end ( a c5t] fitt+ ! back sp9dle1 ! same z ! la! c5t] does4 ,! arms ( ! cross are made /\t & ?ick1 s z to admit ( a squ>e hole be+ cut 9 !m4 ,! hole is made by drill+ 9 & driv+ 9 a squ>e drift aft]w>ds to take (f ! corn]s4 ,! %anks ( ! tools are well fitt$ to ^! holes 9 ! arms1 s t a slight pressure ( ! screws 9 ! sides ( ! arm w hold !m /eady4 ,:5 us$1 ! tool is put 9 ! back sp9dle1 & ! cutt]s set to ! size requir$1 or less1 if !re is mu* to take out1 & run ?r\gh ! "w 9 an obvi\s mann]4 ,any range ( size c be _h up to ! diamet] ( ! cross4 ,x is n well to run ! cutt]s out too f>1 h[ev]1 z !y w jump & *att]1 or spr+1 & make bad "w4 ,! tool is s easily made t "o c af=d to h ?ree or f\r1 = diff]5t jobs4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ch4 ,ano!r plan1 b n s good1 is to make a common c5t] & disk1 l ,fig4 #ch4 ,"h ! cutt]s h a slot 9 !m1 ?r\gh :i* a bolt passes & screws into ! disk2 a small piece ( wood put at ! bottom ( ! tool1 betwe5 x & ! cutt]1 prev5ts x f slack+ (f s z to dim9i% ! cut4 ,^! tools w be f\nd useful1 & w d good "w if prop]ly h&l$4 ,?is latt] tool is bett] = wood1 b w answ] = any metal by v>y+ ! cutt]4 ,to make a slide re/1 9 ! common way1 is a co/ly & t$i\s job4 ,= all purposes ( bor+1 a good "o may be made z %[n 9 ! foll[+ engrav+1 ,fig4 #ci4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ci4 ,?is is simply a ca/+ fitt$ ) a screw & sp9dle1 z %[n4 ,! sp9dle has a tool let 9 ! front end & held !re by a set screw1 & !re is a :eel at ! back end to run ! sp9dle 9 & out4 ,! ca/+ has a leg to x :i* enables x to fit ! common po/ ! re/ = ! h& tool fits4 ,!re is also a key to prev5t ! sp9dle f turn+ r\nd4 ,by ?is arrangem5t x is easy to bore1 n only p>allel holes ( any size1 b tap]+ ones1 :i* is (t5 a great conv5i5ce4 ,by a simple *ange ( tool1 x c also face (f any ca/+1 & c easily be made to cut a ?read1 ( a giv5 pit*1 by any +5i\s workman4 ,n only ?is1 b x c also be made )\t plan+2 or o!r "w mo/ amateurs h no facilities =4 ,x is )9 ! range ( ord9>y la! "w1 & w be f\nd indisp5sable4 ,! ,t-head may be ( ca/ iron1 b ! sp9dle %\ld be /eel1 ) a brass nut let 9 ! back end = ! screw to "w 94 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,ornam5tal ,,cutt+4 ,i %all n[ give "s examples ( turn+ diff]5t ?+s :i* are useful & int]e/+ to "w4 ,^! are only h9ts1 & ,i make no claim to discov]y1 or to any?+ specially novel or +5i\s4 ,x w\ld be v fooli% to d t1 = :at seems rem>kably 8cute0 to ! design] ( any p>ticul> ?+1 is (t5 %[n to be sl[ & unme*anical1 comp>$ to o!r ways by o!r m54 ,i hope1 !re=e1 t ! exp]t w be> 9 m9d ! fact t1 :ile he may "k bett] ways to d ! same ?+1 beg9n]s are glad to receive in/ruction fir/1 & improve ^u x1 s mu* z !y are able1 aft]4 ,,to ,,make ,a ,,pair ,,( ,,solitaire ,,sleeve ,,buttons4 --,solitaire buttons are ^? :i* h s lately come 9 fa%ion2 t is1 a s+le /ud ) two eyes on ! back = ! button-holes ( ! wri/b&4 ,x is easi] to make "o /ud on ! back ( ! button1 & easi] to fa/5 x to ! %irt1 z t is ! k9d ,i %all describe4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dj4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #da4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #db4 ,g to any deal] 9 box-wood1 & procure wa/e /uff1 :i* he w sell at a small price4 ,take a piece an in* squ>e1 put x 9 ! *uck1 & turn x r\nd on "o end z f> z y c1 !n rev]se x1 & turn ! o!r end2 ?is w make a r\nd plug4 ,take a t5-c5t piece1 & *uck x1 ei!r 9 a wood5 or scroll *uck4 ,cut out ! c5t]1 s t y h a silv] r+4 ,x w be necess>y to h two r+s1 "o = ea* button4 ,put ! box-wood 9 ! la! & turn ! end z 9 ,fig4 #da4 ,on ! %\ld] y are to %r9k ! silv] r+ j made1 ,fig4 #dj4 ,to fa/5 ! r+ prop]ly1 y h only to leave ! c5t] "p ( ! box-wood a little l>g] ?an ! silv] r+--say ! ?ickness ( a %eet ( pap]--heat ! r+ slightly on a /ove or ov] a _s lamp1 & clap x on to its place4 ,:5 x is cool1 if prop]ly done1 no p[] c remove x )\t de/roy+ ! button4 ,:5 ! r+ is 9 place1 x only rema9s to turn x (f z ornam5tally z ! workman desires4 ,! edge may be mill$1 & ! face *as$ or left smoo?4 ,! c5t] ( ! button1 :i* is ( wood1 may be drill$ 91 & a squ>e ebony plug put 91 :i* w give x a unique appe>ance1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #db4 ,9 l mann] ivory buttons may be turn$ & brea/p9s spun up1 ei!r 9 gold or silv]4 ,brass brea/p9s may be ornately turn$1 & aft]w>ds electro-plat$ = a trifle4 ,!y w ?us be *eaply made1 & ! +5i\s turn] c please 8 lady fri5ds by pres5t+ !m ) specim5s ( 8 dext]ity & ta/e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dc4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( ?is book1 ,i allud$ to la!s ) trav]s+ m&rels1 & to v>ieties ( "w done by tools n g5]ally employ$--t is1 ^? :i* are n us$ by ! h&1 b 9 connection ) ! la!1 & driv5 by belt+ f a c\nt] %aft ov] head4 ,i give an illu/ration ( su* a tool1 9 "o =m1 9 ,fig4 #dc4 ,x may be screw$ 9 ! tool po/ ( ! slide re/1 or o!rwise atta*$ to ! la!1 & ! belt f ! c\nt] %aft c>ri$ ov] ! small pulley4 ,! driv+ pulley ov] head %\ld be v l>ge1 s z to give a great velocity to ! cutt]1 at lea/ fifte5 hundr$ revolutions p] m9ute4 ,! use ( ?is tool is to make ornam5tal designs--circul> c>v+1 x might be call$--on all k9ds ( turn$ "w1 z1 = in/ance1 9 ,fig4 #dd1 :]e a small box = p9s or ne$les is %[n4 ,?is box is made by putt+ a piece ( h>d1 f9e-gra9$ wood 9 ! *uck1 bor+ ! hole & cutt+ ! ?read4 ,x is !n remov$1 driv5 on a r\nd m&rel held 9 ! *uck1 turn$ (f r\nd outside1 & !n prep>$ = ! patt]n z foll[s3--,! design settl$ ^u1 ! index plate mu/ be br\ght into use1 & ! po9ts ins]t$ 9 su* holes z w br+ ! patt]n out "r1 or all ! spaces equal--j z ! tee? ( ge>s are cut4 ,! tool %[n 9 ,fig4 #dc1 may be any desir$ %ape4 ,9 ! example ( "w1 ,fig4 #dd1 x is made half r\nd1 & ! patt]n is call$ 8bamboo10 f a resemblance to wick]work4 ,! patt]n is made to break jo9t1 z me*anics say1 t is1 x alt]nates1 s t ! comm5cem5t ( "o "p meets 9 ! middle ( ! o!r4 ,aft] "o c\rse is made all ! way r\nd1 ! tool is %ift$ on to ano!r c\rse1 & ! index *ang$ z above m5tion$1 until ! :ole has be5 gone ov]4 ,?is produces a beautiful effect4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dd4 ,x is easy to see t a *ange ( patt]n is produc$ at w1 by alt]+ ! k9d ( tool & ! index4 ,z1 = in/ance1 9 ,fig4 #de1 :]e ! patt]n is entirely /raight4 ,:5 ! design is to be cut on su* "w1 x is extremely conv5i5t to h a pair ( c5t]s to set on ! la!1 across ! b$2 !n ! fly+ tool is n ne$$1 nor ! index on ! la! pulleys ei!r1 t on ! c5t]s be+ us$ in/ead4 ,:5 ?is box is held betwe5 ! c5t]s s z n to m> x1 ! h&le may be turn$ & ! "w run along "u ! cutt]1 ) great facility4 ,! grooves %[n 9 ! box are fir/ drill$ at ea* end ) a common drill1 j to ! corn] ( ! drill1 s t a neat & h&some f9i% is giv52 a ,v-%ap$ cutt] is !n put 9 a m&rel betwe5 ! c5t]s ( ! la!1 & ! pulleys set go+1 s t :5 ! "w is run "u ! tool1 ! slot or groove w be =m$4 ,! circlet1 at ! top ( ! box1 is made by a cresc5t drill gr\nd v ?9 & made %>p--a drill l a fi%'s tail1 only =m$ on a half circle4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #de4 ,( c\rse1 ^! me?ods ( do+ ?is k9d ( "w c1 z ,i h said be=e1 be v>i$ inf9itely1 & are only cit$ z applicable to a common foot la!4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,c5t]s4 ,an indisp5sable article on a foot la!1 :]e any fancy "w is to be done1 is ! c5t]s--( :i* ,i h be=e spok5--%[n 9 ,fig4 #df4 ,^! consi/ ( a common set ( heads1 ) sp9dles fitt$ to !m4 ,"o sp9dle has an index plate & spr+1 & ! o!r has a common c5t]4 ,^! heads set on a slide t is mov$ back & =? ov] a re/1 screw$ to ! la! b$ z usual4 ,x is easy to see t1 ) ?is1 we c d "s v f9e cab9et "w4 ,suppose we h a r\nd vase turn$ up h&somely1 & wi% to flute ! base or make x a s]ies ( curves all r\nd2 to d ?is1 we h only to put x 9 ! c5t]s1 set ! index s z to come out ev51 z be=e expla9$1 & g ahead4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #df4 ,! k9d ( cutt] to be us$ is a sort ( g\ge1 set 9 a ca/-iron head1 some?+ z a plane iron is set 9 its /ock4 ,t is1 fitt$ tight to a groove & held by a set screw4 ,two ( ^! cutt]s %\ld be us$1 at equal di/ances ap>t1 & ! cutt] head %\ld be key$ on a %ort %aft1 set betwe5 ! ma9 c5t]s ( ! la!4 ,! :ole %\ld be accurately balanc$1 or else ! "w w be full ( *att]s or ridges4 ,s9ce c5trifugal =ce increases z ! squ>e ( ! velocity1 any ?+ t runs a little out ( tru?1 w be v mu* exagg]at$ z ! spe$ increases4 ,by us+ cutt]s ( diff]5t %apes1 beautiful effects c be produc$2 z1 = in/ance1 suppose we take a common r\nd-nose cutt]1 set ! index s z to divide ! circle ( ! job we are to "w on 9 tw5ty-f\r p>ts1 & execute t "p ( ! design1 !n take a tool =m+ an ogee1 & "w out ! spaces int]v5+1 we %all f9d t ! article1 :5 complet$1 w h a beautiful appe>ance1 & t1 in/ead ( be+ r\nd1 ! bottom w be octagonal1 :i* w pres5t a pleas+ contra/ to ! re/4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dg4 ,! c5t]s c be set at any angle ) ! cutt] %aft & a p9eapple patt]n c be made on /raight surfaces1 by execut+ "o "p at "o angle1 !n rev]s+ ! re/ t c>ries ! c5t]s1 & f9i% ! rema9d]1 "o "p ( ! patt]n cross+ ! o!r4 ,i pres5t "h views ( a novel ornam5t :i* exhibits great me*anical +5uity & manual dext]ity1 b is o!rwise ( no value4 ,x consi/s1 9 "o =m1 ( a globe ) a s]ies ( r+s or globes inside1 & a six-arm$ spur project+ ?r\gh holes--all cut out ( "o solid piece4 ,fig4 #dg4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dh4 ,fig4 #dh %[s h[ ! po9ts are turn$4 ,aft] ! int]nal r+s are cut out ) a quadrant tool l ,fig4 #di1 & ! spur also sev]$1 by cutt+ 9 ! ends ( ! holes 7n bor+ !m out solid71 ! globe is put 9 a %ell *uck1 ) ?ree set screws 9 x1 z %[n4 ,! set screws g ?r\gh ! holes 9 ! globe1 & ! cross pieces1 9 betwe5 ! spurs1 s]ve to /eady ! job4 ,any numb] ( po9ts may be turn$ 9 ! globe4 ,fig4 #ej %[s a polygon ) _m spurs turn$ inside4 ,at fir/ sight x w\ld appe> t ! tool1 sev]+ ! r+s1 w\ld cut (f ! po9ts also1 b x w be se5 t ?is is n ! case1 = ! holes be+ bor$ s z to leave a core /&+ 7:i* aft]w>d s]ves to make ! po9ts ( ! spur71 ! sev]+ tool falls into ! holes & goes no fur!r1 & ea* division s]ves z a guide = ! tool 9 ! next hole1 s t ! globe is made ! same size1 )\t jags4 ,! quadrant tool1 %[n be=e1 mu/ be foll[$ r\nd ! %ell 9 ! act ( cutt+ x out1 s t x w make ! same r\nd1 & ! globe mu/ be %ift$ 9 ! *uck1 to rea* all ! holes4 ,x is no easy task to make ?is little affair1 = all x looks s simple4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #di4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ej4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,fancy ,,turn+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ea4 ,fig4 #ea is ano!r1 a little m ornate & ( a diff]5t patt]n4 ,! process is ess5tially ! same1 except t !re are no spurs & a solid disk is left inside4 ,?is disk is turn$ out ( a ball1 left inside ! ext]ior %ell4 ,"o side ( x is squ>$ up be=e ! ball is cut free f ! globe1 & ! job is !n rev]s$ & ! o!r side squ>$4 ,! ball is !n cut free1 & ! loose disk is held fa/ betwe5 a flat-end$ driv] 9 ! live sp9dle1 & a loose1 flat-end$ button on ! back c5t]4 ,! diamet] is !n decid$ ?r\gh ! hole :i* is t[>d ! read]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eb4 ,a little tool1 :i* is v conv5i5t = mak+ small screws1 is "h %[n 9 ,fig4 #eb1 r out ( place1 b x 0 ov]look$ be=e4 ,9 con/ruction x expla9s itself4 ,holes ( diff]5t sizes are made 9 a /eel rod1 & ! end fil$ into %ape1 z se54 ,x has be5 f\nd difficult by "s to make ^! cutt]s "w1 b t 0 because !y 7 n prop]ly made4 ,! tr\ble lies 9 drill+ ! hole4 ,:5 ! drill />ts at fir/1 ! hole is l>g] on ! outside1 s t ! screw blank1 :5 cut1 gets tight] z x goes 91 & twi/s x (f4 ,! rem$y is1 to drill ! hole 9 "s di/ance & !n turn (f ! outside end1 s t x gets :]e ! bore is ! same size4 ,?is ref]s only to small bolts1 a sixte5? ( an in* 9 diamet]2 :]e !y are l>ge1 ! tr\ble m5tion$ is n exp]i5c$4 ,x is conv5i5t to h two sizes 9 ! tool s t ! heavie/ "p ( ! "w c be done by "o cutt]1 ! tool rev]s$ by turn+ x ov] 9 ! =k ( ! jaws1 & f9i%+ ! blank ) ! la/ cutt]4 ,a wat*mak]'s f9e saw is to be us$ to sev] ! screw f ! rod4 ,! tool itself is to fit 9 ! sp9dle ( ! tail /ock1 & ! screw wire is held by a drill *uck4 ,9 ! matt] ( ornam5tal "w1 !re are o!r details & plans 9 vogue among exp]i5c$ turn]s1 :i* c only be allud$ to1 n discuss$ at l5g?1 = ! reason t ! /yles are s num]\s t an elaborate "w might be made ( !m alone1 ) great pr(it4 ,! scroll *uck or geometrical *uck1 z x is sometimes call$1 is a complicat$ piece ( me*anism1 too co/ly = g5]al use1 & too limit$ 9 its application1 to me*anics 9 g5]al1 to be ( mu* utility4 ,x does su* "w z may be se5 on bank bills4 ,! *uck plate1 on :i* ! "w is fix$1 is connect$1 by a tra9 ( ge>+ on its back1 ) a fix$ ge> ab\t ! sp9dle on ! head /ock1 s t :5 ! relation ^! ge>s be> to "o ano!r is alt]$1 ! motion ( ! "w on ! *uck is accel]at$ or ret>d$1 or is made to assume c]ta9 positions4 ,an elliptic *uck is q ano!r ?+1 ! "w done by x is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ec1 :i* consi/s1 *iefly1 ( ornam5tal designs dispos$ 9 a c]ta9 ord]4 ,9 fact1 ! *anges t c be made are inf9ite4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ec4 ,m&rels--arbors1 z _m call !m--are v useful tools4 ,m&rels are made ( wood & /eel--usually /eel1 & nev] ( wood1 unless = "s special reason4 ,z1 = in/ance1 :5 a l>ge brass r+ has to be turn$4 ,= ?is use a wood5 m&rel is *eap] & m quickly made ?an a /eel "o4 ,besides1 x is q z good4 ,wood5 m&rels %\ld h iron c5t] plates let 9 !m1 s t !y w run true2 if ! c5t] 0 made 9 ! wood itself1 x w\ld be liable to run out4 ,take a piece ( %eet iron1 "o eigh? ( an in* ?ick & "o in* squ>e1 hamm] ! corn]s ?91 !n turn !m ov] at "r angles ) ! plate4 ,?is gives f\r %>p corn]s1 s t1 :5 driv5 9 ! end ( a block1 x w n slip2 ?ree small screws w hold ! plate to ! m&rel s t x _c get loose4 ,! c5t] mu/ !n be c\nt]sunk1 z any o!r is4 ,su* a m&rel1 made ( h>d wood1 hickory = in/ance1 w la/ a long "t4 ,fibr\s wood su* z :ite oak1 makes a good m&rel1 = ! reason t "w1 driv5 on x1 compresses ! fib]s in/ead ( scrap+ !m1 s t ! size ( ! m&rel is un*ang$4 ,/eel m&rels %\ld be turn$ two 9 "o1 or l>ge/ 9 ! middle1 = small "w1 ea* end be+ a diff]5t size4 ,ea* end %\ld be ?or\ghly c5t]$ ) a drill1 & c\nt]sunk1 & a flat place fil$ s t ! dog w hold2 n a scrat* ) a tool %\ld ev] be made 9 "o1 ?\gh few p]sons w take ! pa9s to avoid do+ ?is4 ,x is unnecess>y to tell ! me*anic he mu/ h a rack = 8 tools1 b we may tell ! beg9n] s1 & he w f9d x a great conv5i5ce4 ,n[-a-days1 ! twi/ drills1 made & sold 9 all ! tool /ores1 are s uni=mly sup]ior to any ?+ t c be made by h&1 or by individuals1 & are1 moreov]1 s *eap1 t x is fooli% to make drills4 ,^? :o h nev] us$ !m1 %\ld n fail to ord] sets4 ,!y run all sizes1 f a ne$le to an in*4 ,!re are n a few turn]s :o spoil "w simply f he$lessness4 ,n because !y d n "k any bett]1 b because !y are av]se to tak+ a little extra pa9s4 ,if a m&rel runs out ( tru? a v little1 soon] ?an alt] x1 or make a new "o1 !y w try to 8make x d40 ,! result is easily se5 :5 "w is to be put toge!r4 ,moreov]1 _m p]sons use little caution 9 sett+ _! "w 9 ! la!4 ,in/ead ( always putt+ x 9 ! same place1 driv+ x f ! same side ( ! face plate1 x is ent]$ at hap-haz>d4 ,x is n good to get into ! habit ( do+ "w 9 ?is way1 = x soon leads to recklessness4 ,"s are too lazy to g & gr9d _! tools1 :5 !y "k x %\ld be done1 & cont9ue to use !m to ! ultimate damage ( ! "w4 ,x is easy = ! practic$ eye to see ^! app>5tly small ?+s1 = !y con/itute a great "p ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 a good workman & a bad "o4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,ornam5tal ,,woods4 ,9 ! matt] ( wood work+1 ! amateur has a field z wide & attractive z ! mo/ en?usia/ic c\ld wi%4 ,( c\rse1 "u ?is head only ^? t are ornam5tal are consid]$1 leav+ ! pla9] & r\gh] mat]ials = dome/ic purposes4 ,,v>ieties4 ,mo/ amateurs ransack ! /ores ( deal]s 9 =eign woods1 = ri* & r>e v>ieties1 leav+ our own native woods = o!rs1 ( deep] hue & h>d] gra94 ,yet x w\ld be difficult to f9d m beautifully ve9$ wood ?an *e/nut1 butt]nut1 "s v>ieties ( a%1 ! root ( ! black walnut1 ,cali=nia rosewood1 & oak2 all ( :i* are indig5\s4 ,9 =eign woods !re are innum]able v>ieties1 b z comp>atively few ( !m are to be _h1 !re c be no?+ ga9$ to ! amateur by m]e enum]ation4 ,i h said comp>atively few are to be _h 9 %ops1 & t is true = ?is reason2 ! woods ! amateur c readily obta91 are ! woods ( comm]ce2 t is1 ^? us$ 9 ! arts & trades4 ,no "o imports woods at a v5ture1 or on *ance ( sale4 ,deal]s "k _! cu/om]s1 & :51 by *ance1 !y f9d a capta9 ( "s =eign trad]1 :o has a fancy lot :i* he has br\ght ov]1 !y s5d ^w to _! be/ buy]s1 :o come & view ! lot1 & take t :i* suits !m1 & ! re/1 worm-eat5 & 8w9d-%ak510 x may be1 is ei!r burnt up1 or ?r[n on "o side = "s button mak]1 :o may f9d 9 ! %ort odds & ends a pr(itable b>ga94 ,i %all1 !re=e1 m5tion b a few ( ! lead+ v>ieties ( *oice woods1 & ^! ! mo/ m>k$ & contra/$4 ,v _m diff] only 9 ! "n1 &1 z f> z m]e ext]ior goes1 are h>dly di/+ui%able f ea* o!r1 :ile o!rs are positively ugly4 ,,snake ,,wood4 ,prom95t on ! li/ ( =eign woods is snake wood1 or1 z x is sometimes call$1 leop>d wood4 ,! m>k+s & mottl+s 9 ?is wood are c]ta9ly sup]b 9 f9e specim5s4 ,i h n[ be=e me a small vase1 made ( ?is mat]ial1 :i* exhibits ! mo/ beautiful cl\d+s & ve9+s4 ,! patt]n1 s to speak1 is 9 alt]nate black & r$ blot*es1 l ^? on ! back ( a snake4 ,:5 v>ni%$ & ,fr5* poli%$1 ^! are br\ght out 9 /rong relief1 & ! effect is v f9e4 ,!re is "o drawback to its use1 h[ev]1 & t is its brittl5ess4 ,not)/&+ ! la! be run at a high spe$1 x w frequ5tly sliv] & crack 9 ! mo/ unlook$-= & vexati\s mann]1 & x is unsafe to und]take any v delicate or f9e "w t requires "t & m9ute sep>ation on ! surface 9 ?is mat]ial2 = g5]al "w1 h[ev]1 :i* has m\ld+s & convolutions on x1 x is easily manipulat$1 & is susceptible ( a brilliant poli%4 ,fur!r3 x has ! advantage ( be+ 8fa/ colors10 :i* is m ?an c be said ( _m o!r =eign woods4 ,:atev] color may be develop$ 9 turn+1 w be reta9$ to ! end ( "t4 ,?is is n true ( ei!r tulip or granadilla wood4 ,bo? ( ^! are brilliant 9 ! extreme1 :5 fre%ly cut1 b by exposure to ! air1 fade away into ! mo/ sombre colors4 ,,tulip ,,wood4 ,?is is a mod]ately h>d wood1 ( a peculi> salmon-p9k1 ve9$ ) r$di% br[n & gray4 ,! ve9+s are *iefly p>allel ) ! gra91 n /raight1 ( c\rse1 b wavy & mottl$4 ,z previ\sly rem>k$1 x is beautiful :5 fir/ cut1 b gradually fades into a d+y1 r$di% br[n4 ,x is a h&some wood = contra/+ ) ebony1 or any d>k v>iety1 & is *iefly us$ = inlay+ co/ly furniture1 su* z musical in/rum5ts1 "w boxes1 etc41 etc4 ,x is und5iably h&some1 h[ev]1 & by no means to be disp>ag$4 ,,granadilla4 ,?is is commonly call$ cocoa wood4 ,x is h>d1 f9ely-ve9$1 & capable ( a h&some poli%4 ,x is l>gely us$ 9 ! manufacture ( table & pocket cutl]y1 = ! h&les4 ,x comes 9 logs1 f two to eight in*es 9 diamet]1 & is "o ( ! mo/ easily work$ woods4 ,quantities ( x are employ$ = ! h&les ( seals or lett] /amps1 9 :i* in/rum5ts its br[ni% yell[ color & m>k+s mu/ be famili> to _m4 ,x fades1 h[ev]1 s t 9 "t x becomes almo/ uni=m 9 its tone4 ,,tam>9d4 ,?is wood is v unfrequ5tly met )4 ,i obta9$1 by *ance1 a l>ge log ( a wood-work]1 & 0 highly pleas$ ) x4 ,x c sc>cely be call$ v>iegat$1 except s f9ely z to be unnoticeable1 b = a ri* br[n color & t9t x is unapproa*able4 ,x is *ocolate br[n 9 hue1 & s h>d & close 9 fibre1 z to rive l ! husk ( a cocoanut1 :ile "u a burni%] alone x poli%es l ivory4 ,x is seldom "o meets ) a wood s :olly satisfactory1 9 its g5]al nature1 = all k9ds ( "w :]e a h>d gra9 & f9e surface is desirable4 ,,cam ,,wood4 ,?is is a dye wood2 t is1 ! %av+s boil$ 9 wat]1 or treat$ ) alcohol1 yield a h&some dye1 :i* is l>gely us$ 9 ! arts4 ,x is mod]ately h>d1 9 ab\t ! same degree z mahogany1 & is pla9 9 surface2 x is h&some = inlay+ & v5e]+ 9 contra/ ) ebony1 b *anges to a br[n ) age4 ,,box ,,wood4 ,?is is s well kn[n to be a f9e-gra9$1 buff yell[ color1 & easily work$ wood1 z to ne$ little fur!r explanation ( its *>act]i/ics4 ,x is becom+ sc>c] & de>] e ye>1 b is ( little g5]al value to ! amateur f its monoton\s sam5ess2 "o piece be+ l all ! o!rs2 :]eas1 ) snake wood1 or granadilla1 p]petual surprises await "o4 ,refuse box wood1 9 odd-%ap$ pieces1 c be b\ght v *eap f ^? :o make x a bus9ess to fit up blocks = engrav]s1 & also f wood-type mak]s4 ,,laurel ,,root4 ,?is is a peculi> wood1 &1 9 my op9ion1 m peculi> ?an pretty4 ,x has a s+ul> feel+ "u ! tool1 cutt+ mu* l *eese or gum2 l any ?+ else1 9 fact1 b wood4 ,9 ve9+1 x closely resembles bri] wood & bird's eye maple2 pipes h be5 made ( x4 ,x is q s\nd1 b _c be said to be h&some4 ,x is ! root ( ! common swamp laurel1 ,i am told1 & requires long season+ & dry+ to be manipulat$4 ,,:ite ,,holly4 ,?is is a pure :ite wood1 v easily b5t1 turn$1 & cut1 /raight ( gra91 & v useful = inlay+4 ,quantities ( ne$le cases1 fans1 & su* w>es1 are made ( x4 ,x is a native ( ?is c\ntry1 ?\gh ! be/ is said to come f ,engl&4 ,?is seems q unnecess>y1 = ,i h pick$ out ( my wood-pile quantities ( :ite holly1 z h&some 9 color & 9 gra91 z "o c\ld wi% to see4 ,,ebony4 ,e "o has 8 prejudice1 & ,i h no d\bt b t _m w consid] me lack+ 9 ta/e if ,i condemn ?is wood4 ,x has "o sole r$eem+ feature--blackness--:i* r5d]s x indisp5sable 9 _m cases4 ,yet ,i h se5 rock maple dy$ black1 t put ebony to %ame = ri*ness ( color & f95ess ( gra94 ,no ebony t ,i ev] saw 0 black1 naturally4 ,x 0 br[n1 & became black by oil+ & v>ni%+4 ,!re is a v>iety1 call$ 8ba/>d ebony10 :i* is full ( :iti% br[n /ripes1 & is s(t l p9e1 b ! true ebony is n to me a preci\s wood1 al?\gh x is exp5sive1 &1 9 "s cases1 und5iably h&some4 ,9 spite ( all selection1 aid$ by good judges1 ,i h frequ5tly f\nd my 8black ebony0 any ?+ b black2 x is full ( season /reaks & cracks1 & splits 9 ! mo/ p]v]se & unexpect$ mann]4 ,,olive ,,wood4 ,?is is ! wood ( ! olive tree1 & is *iefly valuable = its odor2 t is1 to ^? :o l t odor4 ,9 color x is l :ite wood1 & is )\t any m>k$ feature1 except t ( sc5t4 ,,s&al ,,wood4 ,?is is a fragrant wood1 light buff-color$1 & v s(t1 & /raight 9 gra94 ,9 g5]al x is l p9e wood1 splitt+ /raight1 work+ easily1 & valuable solely = its odor4 ,,rose ,,wood4 ,?is is an exce$+ly beautiful wood1 & is s well kn[n1 9 its g5]al nature1 z to ne$ no recomm5dation4 ,9 m>k+1 x is s delicate z to admit ( ! f9e/ "w1 & yet reta9 ! beauty ( ! patt]n4 ,,curl$ ,,maple4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ beautiful ( our native woods2 9 po9t ( color1 & p[] ( reta9+ x1 9 m>k+ & 9 v>iety1 x is1 to me1 "o ( ! mo/ beautiful ( all woods4 ,! ve9 has a s9u\s sweep & curve to x1 :i* is height5$ by v>ni%+ & poli%+1 to a m>k$ degree4 ,all ( ! h&some woods1 h[ev]1 h a peculi> intractability1 s to speak1 :i* r5d]s !m sl[ & t$i\s to "w4 ,9 fact1 x is j ?is /ubbornness ( gra9 :i* r5d]s !m beautiful1 =1 by runn+ 9 all directions1 int]lac+ ! fibres1 s t ! end ( ! gra9 is alt]nately pres5t$ side by side ) ! p>allel gra91 ! light is caught & reta9$ on dead surfaces t absorb x1 mak+ ^? beautiful contra/s :i* ! mo/ uncultivat$ admire4 ,,bird',s ,,eye ,,maple4 ,?is is also a h&some wood1 full ( r\nd spots int]sp]s$ ) circul> m>k+s1 ! :ole =m+ a h&some contra/ :5 well h&l$4 ,pe> & apple tree woods are also h&some1 b none ( ! native woods exhibit s great v>iety 9 t9t & m>k+s1 z ^? :i* gr[ 9 tropical c\ntries4 ,!re is no occasion to cont9ue a m]e li/ ( woods :i* c be f\nd 9 any %op1 & ?is bran* ( ! subject w be dropp$4 ,,treatm5t4 ,! fir/ ?+ t occurs to ! workman :5 he possesses or sees a h&some piece ( wood1 is3 ,:at %all ,i make ) x8 ,_m k9ds ( wood %[ well 9 l>ge works1 b 9 small] w>es1 su* z sleeve buttons1 & napk9 r+s1 !y look l common wood2 x is1 !re=e1 labor lo/ to sp5d "t 9 work+ out a nice job to %[ ! ve9+ & m>k+ ( ! wood1 because su* ve9+ is n br\ght out fully4 ,! fir/ c>e is to select s\nd wood4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ vexati\s ?+s 9 ! _w to h a nice job ne>ly done1 & f9d a l>ge worm hole ext5d+ "r ?r\gh ! c5t] ( x1 int]f]+ ) ! tool & de/roy+ ! beauty ( ! piece4 ,9 su* a case1 ! only resort is to plug x up1 b no matt] h[ skillfully ?is is done1 ! plug is c]ta9 to %[1 & always m>s ! appe>ance4 ,"s k9ds ( =eign woods are almo/ always worm eat54 ,snake wood1 = in/ance1 is v liable to t fault1 & too mu* c>e _c be tak5 9 exam9+ x4 ,ebony is n s liable to x1 & native woods are peculi>ly free f x4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,wood ,,turn+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ed4 ,9 turn+ wood1 ! spe$ _c be too high1 or ! tool too %>p4 ,! fa/] ! spe$1 ! m p]fect ! surface produc$ by ! tool4 ,9 c5t]+1 also1 x is necess>y to use c>e 9 gett+ a s\nd place to beg9 on2 o!rwise1 :5 9 ! middle ( a job1 ! c5t]s *ange & ! "w is spoil$4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 relates to "w t is turn$ on c5t]s1 su* z *ess-m51 p5hold]s1 rul]s ) ornam5tal ends1 8:at-n0 legs2 9 fact1 any?+ ( t class4 ,! driv+ c5t] or "o t goes 9 ! head ( ! la!1 commonly call$ ! live c5t]--9 opposition to ! "o 9 ! back end ( ! la! head1 :i* does n move1 & is call$ ! dead c5t]--%\ld be prop]ly made1 or mu* confusion w be ! result4 ,v _m use ! common bit1 l ,fig4 #ed1 :i* is a v poor device = ! purpose4 ,!re be+ no gu>d at ! corn]s ( ! bit1 !y are liable to slip :5 /ra9 is br\ght on ! "w by ! tool2 x is1 !re=e1 necess>y to make ! driv+ bit1 or c5t]1 l ,fig4 #ee1 :i* repres5ts a section ?r\gh ! front edge & ! flat pieces at ! top1 to prev5t ! "w f slipp+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ee4 ,9 turn+ v small "w1 say p5hold]s = example1 ,i h f\nd c5t]s useless to drive f1 & aft] try+ dogs1 commonly us$ = metal turn+1 & _m o!r devices1 h f\nd no m effici5t or exp$iti\s plan ?an to r\nd ! end ( ! wood slightly ) a pocket-knife1 z 9 ,fig4 #ef2 ins]t ! r\nd$ end 9 a *uck1 & place ! o!r 9 ! back c5t]4 ,9 ?is way1 ,i am able to comm& ! :ole range ( ! "w1 f end to end1 )\t int]f]5ce1 & to h ! small tip :]e x is necess>y to h x to keep /eady2 t is1 ne> ! c5t]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ef4 ,i saw all my pieces = turn+1 into squ>e /rips4 ,i nev] split !m2 splitt+ %iv]s & cracks h>d & preci\s wood1 & makes uns\nd t :i* 0 previ\sly s\nd4 ,besides1 x is m economical & m exp$iti\s4 ,if y _c saw !m y\rself1 h&ily1 take !m to ! ne>e/ wood-work] :o has a circul> saw1 & he w d x = a trifle4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,tools ,,= ,,wood ,,turn+4 ,x does n seem necess>y to g into ! discussion ( tools1 or %apes ( tools1 = wood turn+1 = ! gr& & great reliance = r\gh+ is ! g\ge1 & a skillful workman w d z _m ?+s ) x z ! ,russian c>p5t] is said to d ) 8 axe1 :i* is almo/ 8 only tool4 ,= smoo?+1 !re is ! flat *isel1 & = special "w1 e "o w f9d tools1 or1 r1 make ^? he f9ds be/ suit$ to 8 ne$s4 ,i w\ld1 h[ev]1 "h say ) great e>ne/ness1 t x makes all ! diff]5ce 9 ! _w :at k9d ( /eel y get 9 y\r tools1 :e!r !y are wor? any ?+ or n4 ,i nev] f\nd any turn+ tools 9 /ores1 t ,i consid]$ wor? any ?+4 ,!y are g5]ally made = work+ s(t woods1 su* z p9e1 b ! amateur ne$s tools ( a diff]5t class & temp]4 ,h>d woods are full ( du/ on ! outside1 & seem m or less impregnat$ ) silica1 ! pr9ciple :i* =ms ! coat+ on ! /alks ( rye & c]eal gra9s g5]ally1 :i* de/roys ! cutt+ edge 9 a %ort "t1 & also draws ! temp]4 ,i h !re=e f\nd x conv5i5t to make my own tools out ( ! be/ /eel ,i c\ld buy1 & temp] !m myself4 ,! diff]5ce is v m>k$1 = :]e ,i =m]ly w5t to ! gr9d/one e few m9utes1 ,i n[ use a tool a long :ile1 ?us sav+ _m /eps & m9utes4 ,i !re=e repeat--*oose y\r /eel f su* z y f9d ! be/1 & h>d5 x y\rself4 ,if y don't "k h[1 a few trials w enable y to d x 8ev]ytime10 z ! say+ is4 ,i h f\nd ,s&]son's1 ,jessops1 & ,/ubbs1 all good /eel2 also ,p>k ,bro!rs ,am]ican /eel fir/-rate = g5]al "w4 ,no d\bt !re are "s :o w take up ?is book1 & = ! fir/ "t read ( ! matt]s conta9$ !re91 to :om h>d5+ & temp]+ are 8all ,greek20 to su* ,i w expla9 ! process4 ,v (t5 amateurs buy tools :i* are good if !y 7 only prop]ly h>d5$1 & to !m also1 x may be ( s]vice--if !y d n already "k x--to be able to d ?is simple ?+4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,tool ,,temp]+1 ,,etc4 ,! great object is to h>d5 at z l[ a heat z possible1 s z n to injure ! /eel4 ,! tool mu/ n be treat$ z a blacksmi? does iron1 no?+ l s hot1 b s z to be ( a dull *]ry color4 ,/eel t w n h>d5 at ?is heat is poor /ock4 ,:5 s heat$1 plunge x into cold wat]4 ,?is w make ! tool h>d & brittle1 l glass1 s t x is n fit to cut )2 y mu/ !n rub x bright on a piece ( em]y pap] or a gr9d/one1 & hold x 9 ! fire = a second or s at a "t1 until ! temp] is drawn to ! "r degree ( t\ghness & t5acity4 ,?is w be1 = turn+-tools = h>d wood1 ( a dull blue-br[n1 say violet1 color4 ,/raw br[n is h>d en\gh to cut /eel1 & y d n want su* a temp] = wood 9 g5]al1 b = "s purposes1 x is desirable to h a v h>d tool4 ,:5 ! edge crumbles1 x is too h>d1 & mu/ be l[]$ 9 temp]2 :5 x r\nds ov]1 or dulls quickly1 x is too s(t1 & ne$s to be h>d5$4 ,?is mu* 9 ! way ( tools ( :i* m w be said h]eaft]4 ,_m ?+s are n held 9 ! c5t]s at all1 b are grasp$ by *ucks1 ( diff]5t patt]ns or %apes4 ,?is1 to me1 is ! mo/ satisfactory way ( turn+1 inasmu* z x all[s p]fect lib]ty & sweep 9 all directions1 & does n re/rict ! fancy or imag9ation ( ! workman4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eg4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eh4 ,x is n necess>y to m5tion :at k9ds ( "w c be done1 = t w occur to e "o1 b ,i w m]ely give "h an illu/ration ( ! facility :i* ! *uck af=ds = all k9ds ( "w4 ,fig4 #eg is a box cov]1 & be+ held at fir/ by ! corn]s1 p]mits ! inside to be turn$ out to fit ! bottom4 ,aft]w>ds1 :atev] f9i% or patt]n is desir$1 c be giv5 to ! top4 ,!re is 9 e la!1 a c5t] screw1 l ,fig4 #eh1 :i* is useful = hold+ "w t has1 or is to h1 a hole 9 x1 b = f9e "w x is n suitable1 = ! obvi\s reason t ! screw spoils x4 ,fig4 #eg is ! scroll *uck1 & is a favorite in/rum5t ( m9e4 ,i c\ld disp5se ) _m ?+s--! face-plate ( ! la! = "o--bett] ?an ,i c\ld ) ?is4 ,if ,i want to make a sleeve-button1 !re is my fri5d1 ! scroll *uck1 ready to hold ! piece true to ! c5t]1 )\t any adju/m5t :atev] & hold x firmly1 too4 ,if ,i wi% to bore out a r+1 ! *uck w grasp true1 & hold x )\t spr+3 9 fact1 n to dilate unnecess>ily1 ,i call x ! "o ?+ no turn] c af=d to be )\t4 ,!re are _m 9 ! m>ket1 b ! be/ "o = g5]al "w ( ?is class1 ,i h f\nd to be t made by ,a4 ,f4 ,cu%man1 ( ,h>t=d1 ,connecticut4 ,he makes a v small *uck1 also1 = hold+ drills1 t is exce$+ly conv5i5t = !m1 & = hold+ screw wire1 or any "w ( t class4 ,! 8,bea* ,*uck10 made by ! ,morse ,twi/ ,drill ,company ( ,new ,b$=d1 ,massa*usetts1 is also a good *uck1 b z ,i am n n[ discuss+ ! m]its ( *ucks1 ,i w return to ! subject 9 h&--treatm5t ( woods4 ,i d n design1 9 ?is little "w1 tell+ any "o h[ to hold a tool1 = x is to be presum$ t at lea/ t "p ( ! craft has be5 acquir$4 ,ev5 if ,i did essay to tell !m1 ,i c\ld no m imp>t su* k ?an "o c\ld skate by see+ ano!r p]son d x4 ,obs]vation & practice are ! only tea*]s4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,arti/ic ,,wood ,,turn+4 ,"s ( ! mo/ beautiful "w1 really arti/ic 9 e s5se ( ! ^w1 is made by lay+ up woods ( diff]5t colors1 b ( ! same g5]al "* z reg>ds h>dness4 ,if ?is latt] precaution1 :i* ,i h italicis$1 be neglect$1 ! result w be :olly unsatisfactory1 = :]e two or m woods ( diff]5t d5sities are laid up toge!r1 side by side1 ! tool w act ^u ! h>de/ v well1 b w glide or spr+ ov] ! inf]ior mat]ial1 & ?us leave an unev5 surface4 ,:ite holly & ebony "w well en\gh toge!r1 b ,i d n consid] ebony a h>d wood4 ,( c\rse !re are _m :o w dispute ?is ass]tion1 b x is easy en\gh to pick out specim5s ( any wood t are h>d1 b :at ,i mean to say is1 t1 9 g5]al1 x is n a truly h>d wood1 l rosewood or ev5 cocoanut4 ,:ite holly is almo/ z s(t z p9e1 & contra/s f9ely ) ! only natural black wood t we h4 ,!re is "o o!r black wood1 ( :i* ,i h se5 specim5s1 t is p]fection itself1 s f> z color1 gra91 & /r5g? are conc]n$4 ,inde$1 x c sc>cely be said to h a gra91 s firm & solid is x 9 texture4 ,x turns l horn1 or ivory1 & is ( ! 8d>ke/1 deepe/1 deadlie/10 black4 ,un=tunately1 ,i _c give ! "n ( x1 = ! reason t ! g5tleman :o gave x to me1 did n "k himself :at x 01 & he obta9$ x f ! capta9 ( a vessel trad+ to ,africa4#a ,m]e :ite & black wood1 side by side1 d n look well unless "s k9d ( patt]n or design is obs]v$1 & if ! patt]n is obta9$ only at great exp5se ( "t & labor1 x is also unsatisfactory4 ,i %all %[1 fur!r along1 h[ diff]5t designs c be produc$ rapidly & accurately1 ) b comp>atively little labor4 ,by inlay+1 too1 _m mo/ beautiful designs c be produc$1 ) b little labor comp>$ to t :i* is g5]ally be/[$ ^u su* "w4 ,?is k9d ( ornam5tation is beautiful ^u "w tables1 "w boxes1 cig> /&s1 pap] knives1 fan h&les1 fancy boxes1 ink/&s1 c>d cases1 vases1 picture frames1 p5hold]s1 sleeve buttons1 e>-r+s1 *ess & *eck] m51 napk9 r+s1 fancy draw] knobs1 jewel caskets1 wat* hold]s1 glove boxes1 9 fact1 ! :ole array ( f9e cab9et "w1 looks bett] :5 neatly & ta/efully inlaid ) woods t mat* & h>monize ) ! subject1 & ) ea* o!r4 ,i ?9k t "s ( ! me?ods ,i practice are new to mo/ p]sons1 & ,i am sure !y w be f\nd accurate & exp$iti\s2 :i* la/ is a po9t ( no small importance2 = :5 a p]son works a long "t ov] an elaborate ?+1 he gets t]ribly tir$ ( x aft] :ile1 if x is sl[ & plodd+4 ,9 fact1 :]e !re is mu* t is uni=m 9 "*1 z 9 mak+ a *eck patt]n1 9 black & :ite colors 9 squ>es1 n ov] ! t5? ( "o in* wide--x is impossible to make any ?+ l regul>ity1 or f9e fitt+1 & close jo9ts1 by h&l+ ea* piece sep>ately4 ,i !re=e h a v>iety ( :at ,i call 8/ock0 on h&1 ready laid up1 9 all colors & dim5sions1 s t ,i c *oose f x exactly z ,i w\ld pick out a tool4 ,?is /ock consi/s ( wood laid up 9 ! patt]ns %[n 9 ,figs4 #ei-fg1 & ( sizes v>y+ accord+ to my designs1 b g5]ally v ne> ! sizes "h %[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ei4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fj4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fa4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fb4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fd4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fe4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ff4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fg4 ,^! are laid up 9 long /rips1 say twelve in*es long1 or z may be conv5i5tly h&l$4 ,!y are all saw$ out ) a f9e circul> saw1 by "s "o :o und]/&s cutt+ h>d wood = ?is purpose4 ,! /uff mu/ be %ov$ ?r\gh ! saw ) a v regul>1 gradual fe$1 s z to cut a smoo? surface1 & if ! saw is n "r = cutt+ smoo? on ! side1 x mu/ be made s2 = x w n d to plane ! /rips aft] !y are saw$1 z !re nev] w\ld be any uni=mity betwe5 !m1 & ! jo9ts w\ld be v imp]fect4 ,9 glu+ !m up1 !re is no?+ p>ticul> to be obs]v$1 except t ! glue mu/ be v hot1 laid on well ) a /iff bru%1 & ! /uff clamp$ betwe5 two ?ick bo>ds1 :i* h be5 plan$ p]fectly true on ! faces2 s t ! union w be p]fect betwe5 ! /rips4 ,9 ?is way ! job w be well done1 & ! sections w %[ uni=mly4 ,z x is ! sections t are ma9ly us$1 ?is is a matt] ( great importance2 = :5 x is necess>y to h an ornam5tal bord] to a "w-box1 = example1 x is only requisite to saw (f z _m sections1 f ! end ( any ( ! blocks1 z may be desir$2 z 9 ,fig4 #fh4 ,x is !n a simple & easy ?+ to lay !m 91 "o aft] ano!r1 9 ! place t has be5 left = !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fh4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fi4 ,i d n saw (f ea* squ>e /rip by itself be=e ,i glue ! /ock1 b ,i lay up sev]al flat pieces1 z 9 ,fig4 #fi1 :i* repres5ts "o end section ( ! /rips1 long] ?an x is high1 ! saw removes "s 9 cutt+1 s t :5 ,i saw d[n ?r\gh ! top v]tically1 z %[n by ! /raight l9e ,a1 ,i obta9 squ>e /rips 9 long pieces1 b all glu$ toge!r s !y are easy to h&le1 ^! ,i aft]w>d glue toge!r aga91 s t :ite & black alt]nate1 z 9 ! *eck]-bo>d1 & ,i !n h ! patt]n precisely uni=m 9 all ! l5g? ( ! /ock4 ,i claim orig9ality = ?is plan1 & also exp$ition 9 execution2 m ?an ei!r ,i get entire uni=mity4 ,( c\rse x is easy to make any o!r patt]n 9 ! same way1 & x is surpris+ to see h[ _m rectangul> & acute-angl$ patt]ns c be made ) ^! sections4 ,x is sometimes possible to get v5e]s ( ! "r ?ickness1 b any v5e] cutt] w saw ! wood z desir$4 ,s9ce ! p>agraph above 0 writt51 ,i h se5 "s 8,tunbridge ,w>e0 "w made 9 ,engl&1 :i* is1 ,i am sure1 done 9 ! same way4 ,!re=e1 ,i am n ! orig9ator ( ! idea1 b ,i c c]tify t x is a good & a quick way ( mak+ v elaborate patt]ns4 ----- ,footnote #a3 ,i h s9ce le>n$ t x is call$ ,african 8,black ,?orn40 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,/amp ,,inlay+4 ,( c\rse !re are times & places :]e ! sam5ess & rigidity ( angul> patt]ns are t$i\s1 & ! eye & h&1 fatigu$ by x1 desire a *ange into some?+ m graceful & h>moni\s 9 effect4 ,! small] ! patt]n1 ! m t$i\s1 irksome1 & exp5sive ! goods4 ,to avoid delay is "o object ( ! workman1 b to obta9 p]fection is ! *ief4 ,9 ord] to d ?is1 we mu/ h "s plan or "s tool to multiply ! same %ape ) great rapidity & regul>ity4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gj4 ,9 f9e workman%ip1 or r 9 small pieces1 x w\ld be impossible to cut out any great numb] ) ! c]ta9ty ( _! be+ at all simil>2 "s w\ld be l>ge1 "s small1 & all diff]5t4 ,let u imag9e t x is desir$ to inlay a laurel wrea?1 or a g>l& ( />s 9 an elliptic patt]n ab\t ! edge ( a box cov]1 z 9 ,fig4 #gj4 ,x w be se5 t to cut ea* "o 9 ) a *isel w\ld be an endless task4 ,i !re=e propose to d x mu* quick] ?an x c be done by o!r plan1 & t is by a /amp4 ,i make a /eel /amp1 or pun*1 ( ! exact size ( ! patt]n ,i wi% to let 9 ! box1 & am c>eful to h x bevel inw>ds1 f ! edges t[>d ! top1 z 9 ,fig4 #ga1 n only to avoid break+ d[n ! edges1 b to make a clean1 %>p impression 9 ! wood4 ,x is necess>y to cut 9 pretty deep1 =1 ) all y\r c>e1 y _c avoid break+ ! edge to "s ext5t1 & x c only be practis$ on any solid1 s\nd wood1 n v5e]$4 ,except = l>ge patt]ns1 ,i d n put v5e]s 9 ^! incisions1 or /amp m>k+s1 z ,i c\ld n cut !m out s small1 z ! patt]n %[s 9 ! engrav+1 b ,i ei!r make a cem5t ( :ite lead1 & pu% t into ! holes1 or1 us+ ! same /amp ,i cut 9 ! patt]n 9 ! wood )1 ,i cut pieces out ( ?9 %eet ,g]man silv]1 & pu% !m 9 ) great ease4 ,if ,i use silv]1 ,i am c>eful to cut 9 bel[ ! surface ( ! cov] on ! box1 s t ,i c put ! cov] 9 ! la! aga91 & ref9i% ! top s z to be flu% ) ! silv]4 ,9 ?is way ,i get a true1 uni=m1 & ev5 patt]n1 :i* looks z if x _h gr[n 9 its place2 = grace & elegance ( appe>ance1 x _c be surpass$4 ,:]e x is absolutely necess>y to use a *isel & cutt+ tool to inlay )1 ,i /ill make /amps1 ev5 s l>ge z half an in* sup]ficial area1 = !y are soon cut out1 & s]ve to m>k ! outl9es = ! *isel1 s t x is easi] to cut ! patt]n by _! aid4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ga4 ,9 /raight l9es1 or ev5 9 lett+ 9 circles1 p>ts ( circles1 ellipses1 9 fact1 any curv$ or angul> "w ) v5e]s1 ,i inv>iably cut ! patt]n out be=e lay+ x on ! box1 & !n fit ! o!r color$ pieces 9 ! spaces left4 ,v _m v5e]s _c be h&l$ at all :5 dry1 )\t break+ all to pieces & spoil+ ! patt]n4 ,x w be necess>y to soak ebony1 = in/ance1 = "s "t be=e y want to use x4 ,) ?is precaution1 y c cut x 9 any %ape )\t dang]4 ,x is ! same ) maple v5e]4 ,:5 ,i h cut out an intricate patt]n 9 ebony1 & wi% to inlay ! same ) holly1 ,i obta9 an exact duplicate ( ! %ape ! holly %\ld h1 by plac+ x1 wet1 ov] ! ebony1 hold+ x firmly1 s t x _c slip1 & !n rapp+ ! holly ) ! end ( a tool h&le4 ,9 ?is way a fac simile ( ! patt]n is transf]r$ 9 wet l9es to ! holly1 & y h only to foll[ !m ov] ) a lead p5cil to get a p]fect %ape4 ,!n take a %>p squ>e-end$ knife1 & lay+ ! v5e] on a h>d surface1 cut sl[ly & c>efully all r\nd ! m>ks1 & aft] a few incisions1 y w h ! satisfaction ( see+ x come out p]fect4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,designs ,,9 ,,mosaic4 ,^! me?ods greatly exp$ite ! labor ( inlay+1 = m]e labor mu* ( x is2 t is1 :5 repetition ( ! patt]n is frequ5t1 z x is 9 small designs4 ,! great tr\ble & vice ( amateur me*anics is ha/e2 !y are too anxi\s to see ! result ( a design to give x prop] att5tion 9 detail1 &1 z a consequ5ce1 x lacks t nicety & uni=m elegance t *>act]ize ! %op-made goods4 ,= :]e m5 "w by ! day1 !y are n too en]getic z a rule4 ,,designs ,,9 ,,mosaic4 ,by ?is ,i mean ! employm5t ( small bits ( diff]5t color$ woods to produce a c]ta9 effect4 ,i h se5 _m t 7 made to repres5t foliage ( trees1 ! wood be+ /a9$ gre51 ( c\rse1 b ^! works ( art seem to me labor ?r[n away1 &1 except z m]e curiosities1 are 9 no wise attractive2 = no workman c d m ?an imitate nature 9 ?is l9e1 & x is a poor imitation4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gb4 ,a legitimate bran* ( ?is l9e ( "w is t :]e9 small bits1 say ( ! size ( ,fig4 #gb1 c be conv5i5tly us$4 ,:5 laid 9 nicely1 & ! colors arrang$ to h>monize1 !y c]ta9ly look well1 resembl+ ! /raw fl[] "w1 or inlaid /raw "w ( ,japan4 ,! wood may be dy$ any color desir$1 b x is mu* nic] to use ^? color$ by nature1 :i* d n fade4 ,i give "h a li/ ( naturally color$ woods1 useful = ?is k9d ( "w4 ,black--,ebony4 ,r$--,cam ,wood1 ,tulip ,wood4 ,yell[--,boxwood4 ,:ite--,holly4 ,br[n--,walnut1 ,cocoa4 ,r$ ,br[n--,spani% ,c$> 7cig> box74 ,^! woods all inlay well except ! ,spani% ,c$> & ,walnut1 :i* are apt to *ip & sliv] (f on ! edges1 :5 cut ?94 ,cam wood is a pretty r$ wood1 v close 9 gra91 b n to be _h 9 v5e]s1 z x is us$ *iefly = mak+ dyes4 ,mo/ ( ?is k9d ( "w looks bett] :5 rang$ 9 angles ab\t a c5t]1 ?\gh ,i rec5tly saw a "w-box 9 ,bo/on1 :i* _h an accurate repres5tation ( a wor/$ patt]n work$ on a canvas1 b z ! workman _h un=tunately select$ a v ugly patt]n1 & ! woods _h fad$1 8 labor 0 :olly ?r[n away4 ,aft] hav+ arrang$ or laid "o c\rse 9 mosaic "w1 x is comp>atively easy to foll[ ! :ole ar\nd1 b x is absolutely ess5tial t ! pieces to be let 9 %\ld be fac similes ( ea* o!r1 = unless ?is is ! case1 ! patt]n w come out wrong :5 ! ends are jo9$1 or :]e x meets4 ,great c>e mu/ be obs]v$ 9 ?is1 & z x w\ld be almo/ impossible to cut slips ( v5e] s small1 & be accurate1 ,i pref] to take a slip ( wood1 & saw (f ( ! end1 hav+1 ( c\rse1 previ\sly plan$ & callip]$ ! /ick p]fectly true4 ,"h let me say1 t ! saw ,i use = ?is purpose1 is ! wat*mak]s' divid+ saw1 ! same z jewell]s use4 ,"s ( ! saws are sc>cely l>g] ?an a horse hair1 :ile o!rs are ?ree-t5?s ( an in* deep & v n>r[4 ,) ?is in/rum5t ,i c "w v delicately z reg>ds ?9ness & smoo?ness ( surface4 ,x is also admirable = scroll saw+1 ( :i* m h]eaft]4 ,( c\rse1 all ^! are small jobs1 & small1 f9e "w2 :5 x comes to m elaborate patt]ns1 su* z are g5]ally f\nd on tables1 "w-boxes1 musical boxes1 & simil> ?+s1 x requires m "t1 b z ! patt]n is l>ge1 x requires no p>ticul> pati5ce beyond t :i* a v f9e piece ( "w does4 ,b :]e ! pieces are small1 z 9 mosaic1 x takes a great deal ( pati5ce to pick up "o aft] ano!r1 & no small degree ( arti/ic tal5t to br+ !m all 9 9 ! "r place4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,f9i%+ ,,! ,,outside4 ,:5 ! patt]n has all be5 laid1 ! next ?+ t rema9s is to f9i% ! ext]ior1 & poli% x or oil x z may be desir$4 ,to d ?is x is1 ( c\rse1 necess>y to use great c>e4 ,! v5e]s1 if !y h be5 us$1 are v ?91 ab\t ! tw5ty-fif? "p ( an in*1 & !re is n mu* to come (f4 ,x mu/ !re=e be scrap$ v c>efully ) a %>p scrap]1 ei!r 9 ! la!1 or1 if ! "w be a flat surface1 by a scrap] held 9 ! h&1 & made ( %eet /eel ( ! be/ quality4 ,9 us+ ! scrap]1 c>e mu/ be tak5 to humor ! gra9 ( ! wood1 s t x w n be r\gh5$ up by be+ rubb$ ! wrong way4 ,:5 x has be5 scrap$ suffici5tly smoo?1 x mu/ be ?or\ghly rubb$ ) s& pap]1 until x has an ev51 uni=m surface all ov]4 ,if x is to be v>ni%$ & poli%$1 ,fr5* poli% z x is t]m$1 su* z is se5 on pianos1 x w require a long "t & mu* exp]i5ce to make x a success4 ,! reason is ?is3 ! poli% is really giv5 to ! gum ( :i* ! v>ni% is compos$1 & n to ! wood itself4 ,! gum s9ks into ! pores ( ! wood & fills !m up1 & h>d5s z x is appli$1 b ! fluids 9 :i* ! gums are dissolv$1 ei!r turp5t9e or oil1 evaporate comp>atively sl[ly1 s t be=e ea* coat is appli$1 ! previ\s "o mu/ be dry & h>d1 or else ! next "o w be /reaky1 & ! surface w be ridgy4 ,! l5g? ( "t dep5ds greatly on ! wea!r2 f ?ree to six mon?s be+ requir$ to prop]ly dry & h>d5 a piano-case s t x w we>--six mon?s is1 h[ev]1 extreme1 & is only ! case 9 v w>m wea!r4 ,x w easily be se5 :y s _m amateurs fail 9 produc+ t vitre\s glaze1 or poli%1 :i* is s univ]sally admir$4 ,n "o 9 fifty has pati5ce en\gh to wait until ! fir/ coat dries1 be=e ! second is appli$1 & !y keep try+ ! v>ni%1 to see if x won't "w1 9 a day or two aft] x has be5 put on4 ,x sometimes takes t5 days be=e ! ?ird coat is ready to apply ! next4 ,x is a common fault to apply too mu* v>ni% on ! fir/ coat4 ,x is necess>y to rub x into ! gra9 ( ! wood1 s t x is ?or\ghly *>g$ ) x1 & s9ks into ! pores4 ,by rubb+ x is m]ely meant to take a little on ! bru% & cov] ! surface gradually1 )\t try+ to make x look well or ill4 ,! gr\nd "w has to be put on fir/1 be=e any ?+ c be done t[>d ornam5t+4 ,aft] "o coat has be5 put on1 x mu/ be rubb$ d[n ) s& pap] to remove any v>ni% t may n h sunk into ! "w1 & :5 all is fair & smoo? & dry1 a second coat may be appli$ & treat$ 9 ! same way4 ,! ?ird coat may be appli$ r m freely1 & mu/ be left to get ?or\ghly h>d be=e treat+ x4 ,x mu/ !n be rubb$ freely ) pumice /one fl\r1 & wat]4 ,?is w leave x bright & h>d if ! v>ni% has be5 skillfully put on1 & a coat ( fl[+ v>ni% may n[ be put on = ! la/4 ,fl[+ v>ni% is s-call$ because x is light] 9 body ?an mo/ v>ni%es1 & is int5d$ z ! la/ ( all1 to produce t elegant glossy surface :i* *>act]izes all f9e "w4 ,_m p]sons use %ellac v>ni%1 :i* is simply gum lac 7! prop] "n is 8lac071 :i* is a gum f\nd 9 ! ,indies2 ! trade give x ! names ( %ell-lac & se$-lac1 & "o o!r :i* ,i h =gott53 %ell-lac is ! k9d us$ = v>ni%4 ,! gum is simply dissolv$ 9 alcohol ( high pro(2 ! solution be+ aid$ by exposure to a w>m place & agitation f "t to "t4 ,z ?is v>ni% dries imm$iately1 or )9 an h\r1 ow+ to ! rapid evaporation ( ! alcohol2 x is v conv5i5t = amateurs :o are ( an en]getic turn ( m9d1 & wi% to see _! productions turn$ & f9i%$ 9 a brea?1 z "o may say4 ,x takes a fair poli%1 b is by no means s durable or beautiful z copal or h>d v>ni%es4 ,on "s woods1 z1 = in/ance1 *]ry1 p9e1 or c$>1 x is v appropriate1 & looks well4 ,x is q easy to write ^! in/ructions & obs]vations d[n1 b !re is a dext]ity1 acquir$ only by practice1 :i* _c be told to any "o1 & ! op]ator mu/1 if possible1 in=m himself by visit+ ! ne>e/ cab9et or piano factory1 & see ) 8 eyes = himself4 ,i %\ld h said previ\sly t ivory black introduc$ into %ell-lac v>ni%1 gives a v good black lacqu]1 closely imitat+ japan1 :ile o!r colors1 su* z blue1 c>m9e1 gre51 or yell[1 h ! effect ( enamel :5 h&somely rubb$ d[n & poli%$ ) sev]al coats4 ,i h se5 "s mo/ beautiful knobs = draw]s1 fancy h&les1 etc41 made 9 ?is way1 t look$ l porcela94 ,oil$ wood looks well 9 furniture1 & !re may be "s :o desire to use x on fancy "w4 ,x is simply l9se$ oil appli$ 9 successive coats2 b x requires "t to dry1 & always has a disagreeable odor ab\t x4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,inlay+ ,,cont9u$4 ,a v conv5i5t tool = inlay+ v5e]s edgewise1 s z to produce alt]nate d>k & :ite l9es is made by tak+ a piece ( /eel1 "o f\r? ( an in* by "o sixte5? ?ick1 & mak+ a *isel1 l ,fig4 #gc4 ,! bottom is r\nd$ to prev5t x f digg+ 94 ,to use ?is tool1 or to inlay f9e :ite & black l9es1 or :ite l9es alone1 all ov] ! surface ( any piece ( wood 9 any patt]n desir$1 x is only ne$ful to m>k out ! patt]n fir/1 incise x all ar\nd ) a %>p ke5 edge1 su* z a knife blade brok5 (f to =m a squ>e end1 & !n foll[ ! l9es ) ?is tool1 :5 ! wood w come away1 leav+ a clean *annel1 9 :i* ! v5e] may be ins]t$ ) exp$ition & neatness4 ,9 cross+ ! corn]s1 x is necess>y to use caution1 s t !y be n brok5 away1 = no inlay+ looks well if *ipp$1 or ragg$ at ! edges4 ,?is is especially conv5i5t = draw+ l9es across mahogany boxes t h be5 put toge!r be=e inlay+ 0 ?\ght ( = !m4 ,! v5e]s %\ld all be glu$ toge!r1 side & side fir/1 t is1 if two colors are us$1 !n !y w fit on ! ends prop]ly1 & may be h&l$ ) m exp$ition4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gc4 ,,glu+ ,,9 ,,v5e]s4 ,9 a previ\s "p ( ?is little "w ,i h advis$ ! use ( wat]pro( cem5ts = f9e inlay+1 s t dampness w n affect !m1 b z ?is is n always conv5i5t1 x is well to make ! glue s t x c be us$ & ! "w f9i%$ (f 9 a %ort "t4 ,?is is easily done by mak+ ! glue z ?ick z x w run1 or s t x is l a jelly4 ,if appli$ 9 ?is condition1 x w set h>d 9 ?irty m9utes1 & ! "w may be cut d[n )\t fe> or dang] ( its mov+4 ,i h done ?is frequ5tly1 9 ord] to see :at k9d ( "w ,i 0 mak+4 ,always put a clamp on y\r "w :]ev] y c1 = al?\gh ! glue w adh]e ( itself to ! wood1 x adh]es mu* m /rongly if press$ d[n by a clamp4 ,also1 nev] put a v5e] on a piece ( "w t is unev51 = al?\gh x may set squ>e "u ! pressure ( ! clamp1 :5 y come to scrape x1 x w give way & yield to ! inequalities1 & :5 v>ni%$ & poli%$1 w be full ( depressions4 ,don't be afraid to rub d[n ) s& pap]1 "u ! impression t y are spoil+ ! "w1 b let ! v>ni% get ?or\ghly dri$1 & be h>d be=e y attempt x4 ,be sure1 also1 to remove e p>ticle ( v>ni% if y t\* x at all1 o!rwise t :i* rema9s w take a coat :ile ! b>e wood w n take s mu*1 & y w h a surface full ( sc>s & ridges4 ,x is n necess>y to t\* ! wood 9 rubb+ d[n1 b g d[n to ! wood1 s t a waxy appe>ance is pres5t$1 & y w h a h&some f9i% t w add greatly to ! beauty ( ! "w4 ,:ite holly is easily soil$ :5 us$ 9 connection ) ebony1 by ! du/ f x1 & x w be necess>y to rub x1 or scrape x delicately1 be=e v>ni%+1 )\t t\*+ ! ebony4 ,,ivory4 ,?is sub/ance is c]ta9ly a mo/ attractive "o to ! turn]4 ,pure 9 color1 h>d1 solid & /rong beyond belief 9 texture or gra91 x has ! fewe/ disadvantages ( any sub/ance we use4 ,x is easily dy$ to any %ade1 & w hold x a long :ile4 ,ei!r = jewelry1 or r = p]sonal adornm5t1 or articles ( utility1 x is well adapt$1 & b = ! co/ ( x w\ld be 9 g5]al use4 ,x is gett+ de>] & sc>c] ea* ye>4 ,! be/ comes f ,ceylon1 & t 9 lea/ repute f ,african elephants2 ! =m] is said to be mu* /rong] & m solid4 ,( its g5]al manipulation !re is n mu* to be said1 except t ! workman w f9d x try+ to ! edge ( 8 tools4 ,9 all respects x c be cut & turn$ l h>d woods4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gd4 ,x is easily s(t5$ by imm]sion = a "t 9 weak acid1 s t its friability1 t\ghness1 or t5d5cy to resi/ ! c>v+ tool1 is de/roy$1 & ?is )\t injur+ ! goods1 unless ! acid is too /rong4 ,z x is s exp5sive 9 g5]al1 x is well = ! amateur to "k t he c pur*ase x 9 all %apes1 ei!r 9 squ>es l ,fig4 #gd1 or 9 flat1 cord-l slips1 f deal]s 9 x4 ,i w m5tion "o p]son1 ,f4 ,grote1 #gh ,fulton /reet1 ,new ,york1 :o g5]ally has a good assortm5t ( ?is k9d4 ,x is extremely conv5i5t to f9d pieces ( ! exact size & %ape "o ne$s1 & x is also economical1 bo? 9 "t & mat]ial1 = all ivory mu/ be saw$1 & t is sl[ "w :]e !re are no facilities4 ,aft] ! article1 :atev] x may be1 is turn$1 x may be ei!r dy$1 or poli%$ 9 its natural color4 ,,poli%+4 ,?is is p]=m$ 9 ! easie/ way4 ,a wet rag w poli% ivory1 b 9 ord] to put on a brilliant gloss1 take />*1 or ,spani% :ite1 saturate a wet rag ) x1 & hold x on ! "w2 :5 dri$ (f & rubb$ ) a wool5 clo? or a piece ( *amois lea!r1 x w h a brilliant & durable gloss4 ,,dye+ ,,ivory4 ,i tri$ a great _m plans & recipes = dye+ ivory be=e ,i hit ^u any t 7 9 all respects satisfactory4 ,mo/ ( !m 7 na/y1 involv$ ! pur*ase ( drugs & dyes t 7 sure to be adult]at$1 & ! results 7 vexati\s1 b "o day1 9 dye+ "s silk ) family dye color1 prep>$ by ,h[e & ,/ev5s1 ( ,bo/on1 ,massa*usetts1 ! idea occurr$ to me to try x on ivory4 ,x succe$$ to admiration1 & ,i _h f\nd :at ,i _h s long s\ght1 namely1 a clean1 *eap1 simple & sure me?od ( color+ ivory to any %ade ne$$1 9 a %ort "t4 ,! color c always be _h1 ready = use1 9 any t[n1 z mu* s z a bottle ( ink1 :ile ! v>i\s %ades & gradations ( t9t are ready made to h&2 !re is no ne$ ( /ale ur9e1 or any o!r mess1--simple imm]sion 9 ! hot liquid f t5 to tw5ty-f\r h\rs w give a p]man5t & brilliant hue to any article4 ,i h nev] se5 su* brilliant colors z ^! dyes give4 ,! solf]9o & ! black are p>ticul>ly h&some1 & are insoluble 9 wat]2 t is1 ! goods may be wa%$ )\t injury4 ,! solf]9o w n be> h>d rubb+ 9 wat]1 b ! black & o!r colors w1 )\t injury4 ,! dep? to :i* ! color p5etrates dep5ds ^u ! l5g? ( "t ! goods are imm]s$1 b tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 & ev5 six h\rs 9 "s cases1 w answ] all purposes4 ,= *ess-m51 ! solf]9o is a spl5did color1 :ile all ! o!r t9ts c be _h = o!r k9ds ( fancy "w4 ,ivory is p>ticul>ly suitable = mosaic inlay+1 z x nev] *ips1 & c be cut into ! smalle/ & ?9ne/ pieces )\t dang] ( fracture4 ,x w hold on wood ) glue1 ?\gh !re are o!r cem5ts1 /rong]1 = ! purpose4 ,x c also be dy$ be=e inlay+1 & aft]w>ds rubb$ d[n to a uni=m surface1 b ! "w mu/ be done well1 z ! dyes d n always p5etrate equally1 & if ! "w is delicate & ! design small1 x is apt to *ange ! colors to rub !m d[n4 ,napk9 r+s1 brea/ p9s1 masonic mallets & emblems g5]ally1 m9iature go?ic *airs ) c>v$ backs = ornam5tal purposes1 *ess & *eck] m51 small boxes = lip & eye salves1 ne$le cases1 ?imble cases1 r+ & jewel boxes1 p5hold]s1 silk-w9d]s1 c>d cases1 all af=d a f9e opportunity = ! skill & ta/e ( ! amateur4 ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,,ornam5tal ,,designs ,,= ,,inlay+4 ,al?\gh a h&somely ve9$ piece ( wood is z beautiful a ?+ z any "o w\ld wi% to see1 !re are occasionally pieces ( "w t look well inlaid1 & = ?is x is desirable t we %\ld h z pretty patt]ns & judici\sly *os5 woods & contra/s z we c get4 ,i give "h :at ,i ?9k is a pretty design = ! cov] ( a r\nd box4 ,x is easily made1 & ,i v5ture to sugge/ t ! foll[+ colors w be f\nd agreeable2 ,no4 #a1 tulip ) outside edge ( :ite holly1 tulip to be cut across ! gra94 ,no4 #b1 ebony cut out ( a solid v5e]1 t is n piec$4 ,x w save a great deal ( "t & labor to glue ?is v5e] on to mahogany a qu>t] ( an in* ?ick1 & !n saw ! patt]n out ) a f9e turn-saw4 ,to get ! v5e] (f :ole1 soak x 9 w>m wat] = a few m9utes4 ,no4 #c1 boxwood4 ,no4 #d1 ebony4 ,no4 #e1 tulip1 or1 if y c get x1 turtle wood4 ,x is sometimes to be _h ( ,h5ry ,a4 ,k]r1 ,c5t] /reet1 ,new ,york1 deal] 9 woods4 ,! c5tral fl[] c be omitt$ or execut$4 ,x is a good deal ( "w1 b w make a beautiful piece :5 well done4 ,turtle wood is v rem>kable1 be+ yell[ incl9+ to salmon1 mottl$ ) br[ni% black /reaks1 sometimes black ) sup]b crimson m>k+s1 l a summ] sunset aft] a ?und] /orm4 ,fig4 #gf is ano!r simil> patt]n4 ,( c\rse ! workman w make su* disposition ( ! colors z he pleases4 ,:5 ^! are v>ni%$ & ,fr5* poli%$1 !y c]ta9ly look spl5didly1 & are specim5s ( "w t any "o may be pr\d (2 ( c\rse suppos+ !m to be well fitt$ z to jo9ts1 & )\t ! glairy1 /icky appe>ance t *>act]izes v>ni% half rubb$ d[n1 & t work$ be=e x has h>d5$4 ,h>d5+ & dry+ are two diff]5t ?+s4 ,v>ni% dries be=e x h>d5s1 & requires "t1 ! m ! bett]1 to season1 s x c be poli%$4 ,?is is a v easy patt]n to fit1 & any "o ( exp]i5ce c make x complete 9 f\r or six h\rs4 ,fig4 #gg is /ill ano!r patt]n1 b :at is %[n d>k1 z at ,a1 9 ! out] circles %\ld be light to repres5t tulip wood4 ,tulip contra/s spl5didly ) ebony4 ,! c5t] or body ( ! cov] %\ld be rosewood4 ,?is mu/ be put on fir/1 all ov] ! :ole surface1 & a :ite holly r+ put on ! outside edge4 ,! ext]ior & int]ior circles1 :i* =m ! patt]n1 are !n cut out by a tool l a c>p5t]'s bit us$ 9 ! la!1 z 9 ?is diagram4 ,! lett] a is r\nd1 & w1 ( c\rse1 make a slight c5t] hole 9 ! box cov]1 b z x is cov]$ up t is a matt] ( no mom5t4 ,! inn] circles ,b %\ld also be tulip1 or "s wood t contra/s ) ebony2 mahogany is v h&some4 ,?is patt]n is n pretty1 b x is /rik+ & unique1 :i* is sometimes ! same ?+4 ,( c\rse1 ! di/ances ( ! circles mu/ be det]m9$ be=eh& ) a pair ( compasses4 ,9 scroll saw+ mu* c be done t is pleas+ to ! eye 9 small works1 b = l>ge designs & intricate ones1 ! amateur w f9d an upright or jig saw necess>y1 unless he be m ?an usually pati5t4 ,= ! jo9ts ( boxes be=e v5e]+ ,i always pref] screws r ?an dovetail+1 :i* takes a long "t1 & is no bett] :5 done2 screws are sure1 nev] />t1 & save "t1 :i* is a great consid]ation ) amateurs1 ^: tasks are (t51 inde$1 9 ne>ly all cases1 c>ri$ on aft] "s o!r labor is ov]1 9 ! int]im betwe5 ardu\s toil4 ,:ite woods1 su* z holly1 ne$ :ite glue1 else ! jo9ts w %[4 ,bew>e ( du/ 9 y\r v>ni% bru%1 & take c>e t y soak x = half a day be=e us+ x1 else ! hairs w come out on y\r "w & ru9 x4 ,flat1 camel's hair bru%es are to be us$1 & c be _h 9 e pa9t /ore4 ,use only ! :ite/ copal v>ni% = y\r :ite holly1 else y w f9d x yell[ holly aft] ! v>ni% has be5 put on4 ,mo/ v>ni%es ne$ ?9n+ slightly ) turp5t9e be=e use1 especially if !y h be5 kept "s "t4 ,keep y\r la! c5t]s s t !y run true on ! po9ts at all times1 & h a m>k on !m s t !y always ent] f ! same side ( ! la! m&rel4 ,:5 y put clamps on to hold y\r v5e]s1 z y always %\ld1 be c>eful1 if y\r wood is s(t1 t y d n set ! clamps s tight z to s9k ! v5e] into ! l[] wood1 = ! result w be an unev5 surface1 t no?+ c rem$y4 ,be c>eful to h clean glue & clean surfaces if y wi% to make s\nd "w4 ,du/ or grit ru9s glue s t x w n hold4 ,,*apt] ,,xx4 ,,g5]al ,,summ>y4 ,9 poli%+ metals1 :e!r brass1 iron1 /eel1 or ( :atev] nature1 x is ess5tial t ! tool m>ks & scrat*es ( files1 or o!r ag5ts1 %\ld be entirely remov$ be=e ! f9al gloss is giv51 o!rwise ! "w w h a *eap look t detracts v mu* f its appe>ance4 ,if em]y ( ! f9e/ "* 7fl\r7 is us$1 ) oil1 ! result w be v beautiful1 b ?is makes a mess ab\t ! la! x is desirable to avoid4 ,poli% ) oil is s(t] 9 appe>ance ?an dry poli%+1 & is mu* m durable1 be+ n s liable to ru/ & t>ni%4 ,dry poli%+ is p]=m$ ) s& pap] ( v>i\s grades1 runn+ f to #j4 ,?is gives a v bright1 dazzl+ f9i%1 t is easily ru/$4 ,brass mu/ be treat$ ) rott5 /one & oil to be nicely poli%$1 & aft] ?is ! burni%] %\ld be us$4 ,lacqu]s are employ$ = ! purpose ( pres]v+ ! poli% unimpair$1 & are made z foll[s3 ,,lacqu]s4 #b gals4 ,alcohol1 pro(1 specific gravity n less ?an #ie p]4 c5t4 #a lb4 ,se$-lac4 #a oz4 ,gum ,copal4 #a oz4 ,engli% ,saffron4 #a oz4 ,annotto4 ,ano!r4 #dj ozs4 ,pro( ,alcohol4 #h grs4 ,spani% ,annotto4 #b drs4 ,turm]ic4 oz4 ,%ellac4 #ab grs4 ,r$ ,s&]s4 ,:5 dissolv$ add #cj drops ,_s ( ,turp5t9e4 ,directions = ,mak+4--,mix ! +r$i5ts1 & let ! vessel conta9+ !m /& 9 ! sun1 or 9 a place slightly w>m$1 = ?ree or f\r days1 %ak+ x frequ5tly till ! gum is dissolv$1 aft] :i* let x settle f #bd to #dh h\rs1 :5 ! cle> liquor may be p\r$ (f = use4 ,pulv]iz$ glass is sometimes us$ 9 mak+ lacqu]s1 to c>ry d[n ! impurities4 ,! be/ burni%] is a piece ( blood/one gr\nd to %ape & set 9 a h&le2 !y c be b\ght = ab\t a doll> & a half at any wat*mak]s' tool /ore4 ,r\ge p[d] is also an excell5t ?+ = poli%+ brass & ,g]man silv]4 ,g]man silv]1 9 wire1 also 9 %eet1 c be _h at ! same place4 ,= silv] plat+ fluid ! workman w f9d t manufactur$ by ,h[e ,/ev5s1 ,bo/on1 ,massa*usetts1 to be ! be/ ( its class1 z x leaves a ?9 coat+ ( pure silv] on ! metal1 :i* c be r5ew$ f "t to "t1 z x we>s1 by a fre% application4 ,any articles t require to be gilt c be be/ done by electro plat]s1 :o w deposit z mu* gold on ! surface z "o desires1 ev5 to ! ?irty-second "p ( an in*4 ,x is bett]1 h[ev]1 to buy a small batt]y1 :i* c be _h = f\r or five doll>s1 & d ?is = y\rself4 ,v _m o!r ?+s c be electro-plat$1 & fac similes ( m$als produc$ at a small co/1 :i* w be bo? in/ructive & ornam5tal4 ,,sold]+4 ,!re are _m ways ( sold]+1 b ! amateur w f9d ! _s lamp & ! sold]+ iron ! mo/ conv5i5t & exp$iti\s4 ,9 sold]+ t9n$ surfaces1 no p>ticul> c>e is ne$$1 z ! sold] w adh]e easily1 b 9 brass1 or o!r metals1 x does n d s )\t ! aid ( a ros9 flux or acid solution4 ,^! simply act to make ! surfaces *emically clean1 s t ! sold] w hold4 ,9 fact1 cleanl9ess is absolutely indisp5sable to success1 = ! sold] w crawl (f ( any ?+ t is dirty or greasy1 ev5 ?\gh x may n appe> to be s4 ,lead & t9 are us$ = sold]1 & c be b\ght ( any t9n] v *eaply4 ,! end ( ! sold]+ iron 7:i* is n iron1 b copp]1 by ! way7 %\ld be t9n$1 o!rwise ! sold] w n hold on x1 nei!r w x foll[ :5 ! iron is drawn along a seam4 ,! iron is readily t9n$ 9 ?is way4 ,file x to ! %ape y want x1 & put x 9 ! fire1 heat+ x pretty hot1 b no?+ l r$ness4 ,y are !n to wipe x clean quickly on a rag wet ) sold]+ fluid1 :i* c be _h 9 drug /ores1 & is made ( muriatic acid & %eet z9c dissolv$ 9 ! same2 ! z9c mu/ be clean1 & 9 small /rips1 & %ak5 gradually until dissolv$4 ,! solution mu/ !n be well dilut$ ) wat]4 ,x is us$ by wett+ ! rag a=esaid ) x & rubb+ ! iron 9 x2 if block t9 9 /rips be n[ rubb$ on ! end ( ! iron1 x w adh]e1 & ! iron w be ready = use4 ,! iron mu/ n be heat$ s z to melt (f ! t9 & expose ! copp] und]nea?2 = ! iron is !n useless until t9n$ aga94 ,! sold]+ fluid is always to be us$ :5 brass1 or any surfaces n coat$ ) t91 are to be unit$4 ,by ! _s lamp y c jo9 metallic surfaces v easily & quickly z foll[s3 take y\r plate1 or :atev] x is y wi% to jo9 toge!r1 & sc\r x bright ) f9e s&-pap] or pumice /one & wat]1 on ! faces to be unit$4 ,apply ! sold]+ fluid1 hold x ov] ! _s lamp blaze1 & z soon z x is well heat$1 rub x ov] ) a /ick ( t92 :5 x is well t9n$1 lay x on a hot flat iron or ! /ove = a m9ute1 until y h t9n$ ! o!r piece1 !n clap bo? toge!r1 & !y w set in/antly4 ,! bl[pipe is v conv5i5t = sold]+ small pieces toge!r t _c be t\*$ ) ! iron1 b z x requires "s skill to use x1 ! amateur is n likely to be v successful ) x4 ,! articles to be sold]$ 9 ?is way1 %\ld be plac$ on a piece ( *>coal1 s t ! heat w be equally di/ribut$ & kept up dur+ ! process4 ,,v>ni%+ ,,& ,,poli%+4 ,on no acc\nt is a second coat ( v>ni% to be appli$ be=e ! fir/ "o is dry4 ,if ?is is done ! result w be a /icky1 ridgy1 dirty look+ job4 ,be=e ! "w is v>ni%$ ev51 x mu/ be ?or\ghly s&-pap]$ to remove inequalities1 & ! la/ s&-pap]+ %\ld be ) ! f9e/ grade4 ,!n apply ! v>ni%1 tak+ c>e n to put too mu* on = ! fir/ coat4 ,:5 t is dry & h>d1 s&-pap] ) f9e pap] aga9 & v>ni% aga94 ,?ree to f\r coats are en\gh = ord9>y "w4 ,:5 ! la/ coat is dry & h>d1 get "s float$ pumice /one fl\r1 t is1 pumice /one fl\r t has be5 wa%$1 mix x ) wat] to ab\t ! ?ickness ( cream2 apply x to a wool5 rag1 & rub x g5tly ov] ! "w2 n too h>d1 = t w\ld cut ! v>ni% (f d[n to ! wood4 ,aft] a :ile y w see t ! surface ( ! v>ni% beg9s to h a h>d1 smoo? body1 l c>riage "w4 ,:5 ?is occurs1 y c wa% ! pumice /one all (f1 & take a little ,tripoli or rott5 /one & oil1 & rub g5tly all ov] ! job2 y w !n h a surpass+ly beautiful & brilliant surface1 t w %[ ! gra9 & ve9 ( ! wood to p]fection4 ,if y desire ! gloss t v>ni% gives1 y mu/ apply a ?9 coat ( we>+ v>ni% aft] ?is4 ,9 v>ni%+1 y mu/ buy 8rubb+ v>ni%0 if y int5d to poli% & oil v>ni%1 n _s1 :i* is apt to crack & rub up "u ! treatm5t4 ,,bru%es4 ,9 v>ni%+1 y1 ( c\rse1 desire to h a true & ev5 surface1 )\t a ridge to %[ :]e ! bru% left x4 ,camel's hair flat bru%es are us$ = ?is purpose1 b !y w n answ] 9 _s v>ni%es1 z ! hairs drop out or are loos5$ f ! action ( ! _s on ! %ellac or glue1 :i* holds !m 94 ,bri/le bru%es are ! be/ = g5]al use4 ,!y mu/ be soak$ = an h\r or m 9 cold wat]1 to fa/5 ! bri/les be=e us+4 ,,pe>l4 ,?is sub/ance is easily saw$ into %ape1 & is easily turn$ ) a common /eel tool4 ,x is poli%$ readily ) pumice /one & wat] & 8putty p[d]10 ?is la/ to be _h ( *emi/s or lapid>ies4 ,x is bett] to pres]ve ! color$ surface z nature left x1 = ! beautiful rays & t9ts pres5t$ by x are ow+ to a peculi> disposition ( ?9 scales on ! surface1 :i* reta9 ! light2 if ^! be de/roy$1 ! beauty ( ! mat]ial is lo/4 ,x is to be _h ( m>9e /ore keep]s g5]ally1 or ! amateur c get x m readily ( ! ne>e/ button manufactur]4 ,,miscellane\s ,,tools4 ,if y buy any tools1 always buy ! be/ t money c get4 ,p4 ,s4 ,/ubs' files1 wire1 rimm]s1 & screw plates1 are /&>d tools1 & ! amateur _c g a/ray 9 *oos+ !m4 ,a vise is indisp5sable1 & x %\ld be l>ge en\gh to hold ! "w )\t spr++4 ,,curv+ ,,maple ,,v5e]s4 ,if y wi% to curve a v5e] s t x w fit a half or a :ole circle1 x is easily done by dipp+ x 9 hot wat]1 :5 x w in/antly curl up into any %ape y want4 ,i d ?is ) bird's eye maple4 ,?is wood is easily /a9$ any hue1 & is r h&som] 9 *ocolate br[n ?an 9 its natural color4 ,x is !n ! ne>e/ to ,fr5* oak ( any wood t we h1 & t is unque/ionably sup]b4 ,su* m>k+s & mottl+s z x has1 surpass any?+ ev] se52 x is a deep1 ri*1 *ocolate br[n color1 full ( sn>ls1 curves1 & knots1 n ov] five eights ( an in* 9 _! l>ge/ diamet]s1 & s beautiful t x seems z if "s h& mu/ h arrang$ !m4 ,! ,fr5* oak is susceptible ( a spl5did poli%1 b ,i am unable to say h[ x works1 = ,i nev] work$ any1 nor d ,i "k :]e to get x4 ,curl$ maple w also take a h&some dye4 ,get ,h[e ,/ev5s's ,dye ,colors 9 p[d]--!y c be _h 9 any apo!c>y's /ore1 ( any %ade--put x 9 an e>!n di% & boil x1 !n dip or sponge ! v5e] ) x4 ,! color w /rike ?r\gh & ?r\gh1 & y may s&-pap] x z mu* z y please )\t remov+ x4 ,x is a v beautiful job to take a pla9 ogee m\ld+ & curl a bird's eye maple v5e] on ! r\nd "p1 & an ebony v5e] on ! fillet or holl[1 & !n v>ni% & poli% x4 ,x makes "o ( ! mo/ beautiful picture frames t ev] 0 se52 hav+ all ! effect ( m\ld+s made f ! solid wood4 ,,cutt+ ,,miscellane\s ,,mat]ials4 ,by ^! ,i mean horn jet1 mala*ite1 alaba/]1 cannel coal1 glass1 & simil> sub/ances4 ,= all ( ^!1 except mala*ite1 /eel w answ]1 b t /eel w n t\*4 ,x is n a nice mat]ial to "w1 be+ apt to *eck & crack 9 ! mo/ unlook$-= mann]4 ,to ^? :o h nev] se5 x1 ,i w say t x is a /one1 or species ( m>ble1 obta9$ 9 ,russia1 & is gre5 9 color1 m>k$ ) :ite & gre5i% gray /ripes4 ,! gre5 is specially brilliant1 & ! effect is v f9e4 ,al?\gh x is s h>d t /eel w n cut x1 x is easily scrat*$ 9 use1 & is a s(t /one1 & c be readily cut on a common vulcanite em]y :eel1 & poli%$ on a razor /rop cov]$ ) r\ge p[d]4 ,x is frequ5tly us$ = jewelry4 ,glass is easily fil$ 9 a la! ) a common file1 b ,i d n "k :at any "o %\ld wi% to "w glass =1 z x is exce$+ly dang]\s f ! spl9t]s :i* fly f x1 is q friable & easily brok51 & is1 moreov]1 s common t no value atta*es to x4 ,v pretty vases c be made out ( alaba/] by turn+ !m 9 ! la!4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,index4 ------- ,acid 9 sold]+1 #abg ,african black-?orn1 #ig ,alaba/]1 ,cutt+1 #acc ,apple-,wood1 #he ,arbors1 #gd ,arti/ic ,wood-,turn+1 #if ,bamboo ,patt]n1 #fc ,bank-,bills1 ,"w on1 #gc ,ba/>d ,ebony1 #hc ,bea* ,*uck1 #id ,bird's-eye ,maple1 #hd ,bit = ,turn+1 #hh ,black ,?orn1 #ig ,boil] = ,toy ,eng9e1 #ec ,bor+1 #ee ,boxes1 ,jo9ts (1 #abc ,box = ,p9s1 #fb ,boxwood1 #ha ,bru%es = ,v>ni%es1 #aca ,burni%]1 #abf ,buttons1 ,solitaire ,sleeve1 #ei ,cam ,wood1 #ha ,c5t]s1 #fe ,*as]s1 #cc1 #ce ,*as+1 #cc ,*uck+1 #db1 #di ,*ucks1 ,geometrical1 #gc ,*ucks1 ,wood51 #dc ,clamps = ,poli%+1 #dh ,cocoa ,wood1 #hj ,color$ ,woods1 #ajg ,color+ ,maple1 #acb ,curl$ ,maple1 #hd ,curv+ ,v5e]s1 #acb ,cu%man's ,scroll ,*uck1 #db ,cutt+ ,alaba/]1 #acc ,cutt+ ,horn1 #acc ,cutt+ ,jet1 #acc ,cutt+ ,mala*ite1 #acc ,cutt+ ,miscellane\s ,mat]ials1 #acc ,cutt+1 ,ornam5tal1 #ei ,cutt+ ,screws1 #cc ,designs = ,inlay+1 #aba ,designs 9 ,mosaic1 #ajf ,diamond ,po9t1 #ba ,doctor1 #cg ,drills1 ,twi/1 #ge ,dye+ ,ivory1 #aah ,ebony1 #hb ,elliptic ,*uck1 #gd ,fancy ,turn+1 #ga ,f9i%+ ,outside1 #aaj ,foot ,la!1 #ac ,=eign ,woods1 #gg ,g5]al ,summ>y1 #abe ,geometrical ,*uck1 #gc ,gild+1 #abg ,glass ,fil+1 #acc ,globe1 & ,spur )91 #fh ,glue+ 9 ,v5e]s1 #aae ,good ,tools necess>y1 #bj ,granadilla1 #hj ,h& ,la!s1 #ai ,heel ,tools1 #bg ,height ( ,la!1 #bb ,hold+ ! ,tool1 #bc ,hole ,bor+1 #ee ,holly1 ,:ite1 #hb ,holtzapfel ,la!1 #ch ,holtzapfel1 ,"w by1 #af ,horn1 ,cutt+1 #acc ,hubs1 #dj ,indig5\s ,woods1 #gg ,inlay+1 #ig1 #aad ,inlay+1 ,designs =1 #aba ,inlay+ ,/amps1 #ajb ,iron = ,sold]+1 #abh ,ivory1 #aaf ,jet ,cutt+1 #acc ,jo9ts ( ,boxes1 #abc ,lacqu]s1 #abf ,lac ,v>ni%1 #aab ,la!1 ,foot1 #ac ,la!1 ,height (1 #bb ,la!1 ,holtzapfel1 #ch ,la!1 ,spe$ (1 #bc ,la!1 ,uses (1 #af ,la!s1 ,h&1 #ai ,laurel ,root1 #hb ,leop>d ,wood1 #gh ,mala*ite1 ,cutt+1 #acc ,m&rels1 #ch1 #gd ,maple1 ,bird's-eye1 #hd ,maple1 ,color+1 #acb ,maple1 ,curl$1 #hd ,metal ,sp9n+1 #ea ,metals1 ,poli%+1 #abe ,miscellane\s ,tools1 #aca ,mosaic ,designs1 #ajf ,natural ,color$ ,woods1 #ajg ,novel ,ornam5t1 #fh ,oil$ ,wood1 #aac ,olive ,wood1 #hc ,ornam5tal ,cutt+1 #ei ,ornam5tal ,designs = ,inlay+1 #aba ,ornam5tal ,woods1 #gg ,ornam5tal ,"w1 #ad ,outside ,f9i%+1 #aaj ,p>allel ,holes1 to bore1 #ee ,patt]ns1 #ii ,pe>l1 #aca ,pe> ,wood1 #he ,poli%+1 #df1 #abi ,poli%+ ,metals1 #abe ,poli%+ ,ivory1 #aah ,polygon & ,spurs1 #fi ,rack = ,tools1 #ge ,re/1 ,slide1 #eg ,re/1 ,!1 #bd ,rosewood1 #hd ,ros9 ,flux1 #abg ,r\ge ,p[d]1 #abg ,r\gh+ (f1 #bd ,s&al ,wood1 #hc ,saw+1 ,scroll1 #abc ,scrap]s1 #cj ,screw ,cutt+1 #cc ,screws1 ,tool = ,small1 #gb ,scroll ,*uck1 #gc ,scroll ,*uck1 ,cu%man's1 #db ,scroll ,saw+1 #abc ,%ellac ,v>ni%1 #aab ,silv]-plat+ ,fluid1 #abg ,sleeve ,buttons1 ,solitaire1 #ei ,slide ,re/1 #ed1 #eg ,snake ,wood1 #gh ,sold]+1 #abg ,sold]+ ,iron1 #abh ,solitaire ,sleeve ,buttons1 #ei ,spe$ ( ,la!1 #bc ,sp9n+ ,metals1 #ea ,/amp ,inlay+1 #ajb ,/eel ,m&rels1 #ge ,/raight ,tools1 #bg ,tam>9d1 #hj ,temp]+ ,tools1 #ib ,t9n+ ,sold]+ ,iron1 #abh ,tool = ,bor+ ,holes1 #ee ,tool = ,inlay+1 #aad ,tool = ,small ,screws1 #gb ,tool ,temp]+1 #ib ,tools1 #bb ,tools1 ,hold+1 #bc ,tools1 ,miscellane\s1 #aca ,tools = ,wood ,turn+1 #ij ,trav]s+ ,m&rel1 #ch ,treatm5t ( ,woods1 #he ,tulip ,wood1 #gi ,tunbridge ,w>e ,"w1 #aja ,turn+1 ,fancy1 #ga ,turn+1 ,wood1 #hg ,turn+1 ,arti/ic ,wood1 #if ,turtle ,wood1 #abb ,twi/ ,drills1 #ge ,uses ( ! ,la!1 #af ,v>ieties ( ,woods1 #gg ,v>ni%+1 #aaa1 #abi ,v5e]s1 #ajd ,v5e]s1 ,curv+1 #acb ,v5e]s1 ,glu+ 91 #aae ,:ite ,glue1 #abc ,:ite ,holly1 #hb ,wood5 ,*ucks1 #dc ,wood5 ,m&rels1 #gd ,woods = ,inlay+1 #ajg ,woods1 ,ornam5tal1 #gg ,wood ,turn+1 #hh ,wood ,turn+1 ,arti/ic1 #if ,"w1 ,ornam5tal1 #ad ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,transcrib]',s ,,note3 ,obvi\s pr9t & punctuation errors 7 correct$4 ,spell+ & hyph5ations 7 made consi/5t bas$ on frequ5cy ( usage )9 text & common usage = t "t p]iod4 ,pg #bj1 excute - execute ,pg #eg1 cuttt] - cutt] ,pg #fb1 ,fig4 #dc1 ,x may - ,fig4 #dc4 ,x may ,pg #fi1 ? - ! ,pg #ajh1 a reg5]ally - are g5]ally ,pg #aab1 ?or\gly - ?or\ghly ,pg #aba1 colors w w be f\nd - colors w be f\nd ,pg #acj1 s&pap] - s&-pap] ,pg #acf1 tun+ - turn+