file :i* includes ! orig9al illu/rations4 ,see #dhagc-;h4htm or #dhagc-;h4zip3 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/ca*e_/epub_/ #dhagc_/pg#dhagc-;images4html7 or 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/files_/#dhag c_/dhagc-;h4zip7 ,images ( ! orig9al pages are available ?r\gh ,int]net ,ar*ive4 ,see https3_/_/ar*ive4org_/details_/practical c>riag#ja;hill ,transcrib]'s note3 ,text enclos$ by und]scores is 9 italics 7italics74 ,text enclos$ by equal signs is 9 bold 7bold74 ,! adv]tisem5ts on pages ix-xxiii foll[ ! body ( ! book4 ,an additional transcrib]'s note is at ! end4 ,?ird ,edition--,publi%$ ,april #ae1 #aijc4 ,,practical ,,c>riage ,,& ,,wagon ,,pa9t+ ,a ,treatise on ! ,pa9t+ ( ,c>riages1 ,wagons & ,sleighs1 ,embrac+ ,full & ,explicit ,directions ,= ,execut+ ,all ,k9ds ( ,"w4 ,includ+ ,pa9t+ ,factory ,"w1 ,lett]+1 ,scroll+1 ,ornam5t+1 ,v>ni%+1 etc4 ) ,_m ,te/$ ,recipes & ,=mulas ,pr(usely ,illu/rat$ by ,m4 ,c4 ,,hillick ,*icago1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a43 ,press ( ! ,we/]n ,pa9t] #aijc ,copyright #aijj ,by ,*>les ,h4 ,webb4 ,,d$icat$ ,,to ,,! ,,vehicle ,,pa9t]s ,,( ,,am]ica ,,& ,,! ,,_w4 ,,preface ,,to ,,?ird ,,edition4 ,! great dem& = ,,practical ,,c>riage ,,& ,,wagon ,,pa9t+ has already exhau/$ ! second edition1 & ord]s are arriv+ 9 increas+ numb]s e day4 ,! publi%] wi%es to express 8 grateful ?anks to ! trade = ! g5]\s patronage accord$ ! "w4 ,n only w\ld we express our ?anks to ^? :o h pur*as$ ! book1 b we feel deeply grateful to ! trade press = ! g5]\s reviews & k9dly expressions ( approval t !y h giv5 ! volume4 ,we s5d ! ?ird edition =? ) ! conviction t x is an improvem5t ov] ! old ones 9 _m respects1 al?\gh we ?9k ! o!r editions 7 well wor? ! price *>g$ = !m4 ,x has be5 almo/ tw5ty ye>s s9ce a volume on c>riage & wagon pa9t+ made its appe>ance 9 ?is c\ntry1 dur+ :i* "t ! ent]pris+ c>riage pa9t] has be5 wide awake4 ,he has f\nd _m new processes & a multitude ( new mat]ials ( :i* ! workman ( tw5ty ye>s ago knew no?+2 he has rais$ vehicle pa9t+ f a simple me*anical process1 :i* 0 int5d$ to pres]ve ! surface f decay1 to a f9e art ( ! highe/ ord]1 & fa%ionable p n[ take z mu* pride 9 hav+ beautiful & /yli% equipages z !y d 9 we>+ clo?+ t is up to date1 or 9 secur+ jewels t are suffici5tly brilliant to dazzle all behold]s4 ,no "o realiz$ m fully ?an ! writ] t an up-to-date "w on ! difficult b noble call+ ( ! c>riage & wagon pa9t] 0 badly ne$$1 s he began to ca/ ab\t = someone :o 0 fully qualifi$ = ! task ( writ+ su* a book4 ,he knew t ! au?or ( su* a "w %\ld be a man ( ext5d$ trade practice & "o :o c\ld dive/ himself ( high-fl[n sci5tific t]ms & make 8 language s pla9 t any workman :o c>$ to d s c\ld easily compreh5d ! in/ruction giv54 ,a c>eful survey ( ! field l$ to ! selection ( ,mr4 ,m4 ,c4 ,hillick1 ^: "w = ! magaz9es dur+ ! pa/ t5 or twelve ye>s has done s mu* to assi/ c>riage & wagon pa9t]s to elevate _! call+ to its pres5t high /&>d4 ,mr4 ,hillick has long held a high place among ! be/-kn[n c>riage pa9t]s 9 ?is c\ntry1 is ?or\ghly po/$ on all ! v>i\s bran*es ( ! bus9ess1 & has ! happy faculty ( be+ able to imp>t 8 k to o!rs 9 su* a pla91 practical way t !y _c fail to und]/& him4 ,8 excessive mode/y came v ne> caus+ him to decl9e1 b he 0 f9ally induc$ to und]take ! "w1 & ,,practical ,,c>riage ,,& ,,wagon ,,pa9t+ is pres5t$ to a g5]\s public ) ! k t its sup]ior has nev] made its appe>ance 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,x is b a %ort "t s9ce ! dem&s ( ! times gave bir? to t great in/itution--! factory %op--t mon/] e/abli%m5t f :i* hundr$s ( vehicles are turn$ out daily4 ,! writ] pleads guilty to a /rong prejudice aga9/ ! class ( "w done 9 ^! factories1 yet he is compell$ to admire ! f9i%$ product & applaud ! g5ius ( ! pa9t] :o c ?us m>%al 8 =ces &1 by work+ to a set ( fix$ rules1 seem to defy natural laws1 & out ( x all br+ a ?+ ( beauty :i*1 :ile x does n prove a joy =ev]1 does possess a degree ( durability t we ( ! old s*ool ( c>riage pa9t]s 7 l$ to believe 0 impossible4 ,x has rema9$ = ,mr4 ,hillick to take u ?r\gh ?is great e/abli%m5t1 & he describes ! processes & gives u ! =mulas t are employ$1 9 su* pla91 helpful language1 t no "o c read 8 words )\t pr(it z well z pleasure4 ,"t & space =bid 7ev5 if ,i _h ! ability to give x7 a compreh5sive review ( ?is "w4 ,x w\ld be impossible to enum]ate ! millions ( good po9ts x possesses1 s x is be/ to let ! succe$+ pages speak = !mselves4 ,!y w d x mu* m eloqu5tly ?an ,i c\ld hope to d4 ,i am sure ( "o fact1 & x is t if c>riage & wagon pa9t]s all ov] ! _w w read & practice ! tea*+s ( ! succe$+ *apt]s !y w become bett] pa9t]s1 bett] citiz5s1 & our c\ntry roads1 z well z our b\lev>ds1 w sp>kle ) a /ream ( bett] pa9t$ & m beautiful vehicles4 ,:5 ! writ+ ( ,,practical ,,c>riage ,,& ,,wagon ,,pa9t+ 0 committ$ to ,mr4 ,hillick1 ! writ] expect$ great ?+s ( him4 ,n[1 z ,i look ov] ! *apt]s ( ! complet$ "w1 ,i am happily consci\s ( ! fact t ,i am n disappo9t$ 9 ! slighte/ degree1 & ,i wi% to ?ank ,mr4 ,hillick = giv+ to ! vehicle _w a "w on pa9t+ t w prove helpful to ! ma/] workman z well z to ! ambiti\s appr5tice4 ,,*>les ,h4 ,,webb4 ,,*icago1 ,april1 #aijc4 ,,cont5ts4 ,introductory #a ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,%op ,,& ,,its ,,equipm5t4 ,locat+ & ,fitt+ up ! ,%op--,sy/em ( ,v5tilation--,furni%+ & ,equipp+ ! ,v>ni% ,room--,! ,set ,room1 ,etc4--,) ,f\rte5 ,illu/rations ( ,labor-,sav+ ,devices = ! ,pa9t ,%op & ,v>ni% ,room #c ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,buy+1 ,,us+1 ,,& ,,pres]v+ ,,bru%es4 ,h[ to ,select a ,bru%--,h[ to ,c>e = ,x--,s(t5+ ! ,h>d ,bru%--,bru% ,keep]s--,pres]v+ ,liquids1 ,etc4--,) ,sev5te5 ,illu/rations #i ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,surfac+ ,,/age ,,( ,,pa9t+4 ,mat]ials ,us$--,prim+--,its ,importance--,num]\s ,=mulas = ,prim]s--,:5 to ,prime & ,h[--,lead ,coats--,_! ,(fice & ,significance--,rub ,lead1 ) ,full ,directions = ,mak+ & ,apply+--,knif+ ,lead1 ) ,num]\s ,=mulas = ,mak+ ,x--,putty--,t5 ,=mulas = ,mak+ ,putty--,directions = ,us+ ,putty s z to ,obta9 ! ,be/ ,results--,s&pap]+--,h[ & ,h[ ,n to ,d ,x--,sizes ( ,pap] to be ,us$--,r\gh/uff--,_m ,=mulas = ,mak+ ,x--,! ,mission ( ,r\gh/uff1 ) ,full & ,complete ,directions = ,apply+ & ,surfac+ ,x--,six ,illu/rations ,accompany ! ,*apt] #ag ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,colors4 ,colors ,sci5tifically ,analyz$--,prismatic & ,objective ,color--,! ,ord]s ( ,objective ,colors & _! ,uses 9 ,vehicle ,pa9t+--,h>moniz+ & ,contra/+ ,colors--,te/+ ,colors--,assay+ = ,opacity1 ,color+ ,/r5g?1 ,brilliancy1 & ,durability--,) a ,practical ,work+ ,table = ,comp\nd+ #ie ( ! ,mo/ ,fa%ionable & ,popul> ,colors ,us$ 9 ,mod]n ,c>riage & ,wagon ,pa9t+ #bh ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,application ,,( ,,colors ,,to ,,surfaces4 ,detail$ ,in/ructions = ,prep>+ ! ,f\ndation ,colors--,h[ to get ! ,f9e/ ,results 9 ,us+ ! ,ev]-,popul> ,gre5s1 ,blues1 & ! ,v>i$ ,colors ,belong+ to ! ,r$ ,ord]--,also ,yell[s1 ,br[ns1 & ,blacks--,complete ,in=mation ,cov]+ ! ,pa9t+ ( a ,:ite ,job #cg ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,v>ni%1 ,,& ,,! ,,m>vel\s ,,?+ ,,ab\t ,,x4 ,virtues ( ,v>ni%--,brief ,review ( its ,mission--,apply+ ,rubb+ ,v>ni%--,surfac+ ,x1 & ! ,tools & ,appliances ,us$--,importance ( ! ,wat] ,supply1 ,wa%+ ,up1 ,etc4--,! ,tale ( ,f9e ,v>ni%+ ,made ,easy--,fl[+ ! ,f9i%+ ,coat--,v>ni%+ ,runn+ ,p>ts--,v>i\s ,movem5ts ,necess>y--,num]\s ,illu/rations #dg ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,depravities ,,( ,,v>ni%4 ,_! ,causes & ,cure or ,prev5tion--,gra9+ ,out--,crack+--,sweat+--,dead5+1 ,s9k+ ,9--,enamel+1 ,silk+1 ,etc4--,pitt+--,se$y or ,specky--,crawl+--,wr9kl+1 ,cr9kl+--,runs1 ,sags1 ,curta9s1 ,drap]ies--,ridg+1 ,r\gh+--,p]i%+1 ,crumbl+1 ,ru/+--,*ipp+1 ,flak+1 ,peel+--,fire ,*ecks--,gre5+--,bloom+--,bli/]s--,spott + #ed ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,/rip+ ,,& ,,its ,,purpose4 ,h[ to ,le>n ! ,art--,directions = ,mak+ ,p5cils & ,c>+ = ,!m--,mix+ ,/rip+ ,colors--,names ( ,/ripes--,) ,?irty-,six ,illu/rations1 includ+ ,p5cils1 ,v>i\s ,/yles ( ,/ripes1 ,panel & ,corn] ,designs1 ,etc4 #fa ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,scroll ,,pa9t+4 ,! ,pass+ ( ! ,f9e ,old ,roman ,scroll & its ,de/9$ ,return to ,favor--,relief & ,flat ,scrolls ,fully ,describ$--,h[ to ,le>n ! ,art ( ,scroll+--,scrolls 9 ,gold1 ,alum9um1 & ,colors--,! ,basis ( ,beautiful ,scroll ,"w--,recipes = ,gild+ ,size--,) ,eighte5 ,illu/rations1 ,includ+ ,five ,full-,page ,designs ( ,relief & ,flat ,scrolls #ge ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,lett]+4 ,wagon ,lett]+ z ,di/+ui%$ f ,sign ,writ+--,specific ,directions = ,le>n+ ! ,art ( ,wagon ,lett]+1 ,includ+ ,lay+ ,out1 ,spac+1 ,outl9+1 ,balanc+1 ,%ad+1 ,punctuation1 ,etc4--,roman1 ,modifi$ ,block1 ,ornam5tal1 & ,grecian ,alphabets1 ,num]als1 ,etc41 ,%[n--,) ,designs = ,bus9ess ,vehicle ,panels #hi ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,monograms4 ,_! ,antiquity1 ,relation to ,mod]n ,vehicle ,pa9t+1 ,etc4--,design+ & ,pa9t+ ! ,monogram--,necess>y ,tools--,mak+ a ,transf] ,monogram--,lead+ ,colors & ,engag+ ,comb9ations--,) ,eighte5 ,illu/rations #ajb ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,pa9t+ ,,! ,,mod]n ,,bus9ess ,,wagon4 ,consid]$ z a ,"w ( ,art & z an ,adv]tis+ ,m$ium--,practical ,in/ructions :i* ,cov] ! ,v>i\s ,classes ( ,bus9ess ,vehicles--,! ,factory ,me?od ,expla9$--,pa9t+ ,heavy ,trucks & ,f>m ,wagons--,popul> ,colors = ,pa9t+ ,bus9ess ,wagons--,num]\s ,=mulas = ,pa9t+ ,canvas & ,clo? ,tops #aji ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,re-,,pa9t+ ,,& ,,re-,,v>ni%+ ,,vehicles4 ,full ,description ( ,mann] ( ,do+ ! ,v>i\s ,classes ( ,"w--,h[ to ,mat* ,colors--,to ,burn ,(f ,pa9t--,tables ( ,mat]ials us$ 9 ,pa9t+ ,vehicles--,treatm5t ( ,tops & ,da%es1 ,=mulas = ,dress+s1 ,etc4--,me?od ( ,m>k+ ,vehicles--,wa%+ ,f9i%$ ,"w--,s*$ule ( ,prices = ,repa9t+ #aag ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,a ,,practical ,,/udy ,,( ,,mat]ials4 ,:ite ,lead--,importance ( its ,purity--,quality ( ,colors 9 ,g5]al--,adult]ation z ,view$ f ! ,pa9t]'s ,/&po9t--,purity ( ,raw ,l9se$ ,oil--,turp5t9e--,te/+ ,coa* ,japan--,v>ni% #acj ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,pa9t+ ,,cutt]s ,,& ,,sleighs4 ,decorative ,features ( ! ,"w--,! ,v>i\s ,processes ( ,pa9t+ ,fully ,detail$--,! ,anti-,kalsom9e ,me?od--,prevail+ ,colors--,/rip+ & ,scroll+--,in/ructions ,be>+ ^u ,re-pa9t+1 ,re-v>ni%+1 ,etc4--,) ,n9e ,arti/ic ,ornam5ts #aci ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,facts ,,& ,,=mulas ,,f ,,! ,,pa9t ,,%op ,,di>y4 ,_m ,practical ,matt]s & ,me?ods ,briefly ,/at$--,bl5d+ ( ,colors--,spontane\s ,combu/ion--,! ,be/ ,v>ni% ,room--,rem$y = ,ru/$ ,c>riage ,spr+s--,pa9t+ ,metallic ,surfaces--,?9n+ ,v>ni%--,pa9t+ a ,natural-,wood ,f9i%$ ,job--,repair+ ,bruis$ ,surfaces--,h[ to ,make ,v>ni% ,g ,wrong1 ,etc41 ,etc4 #adh ,,index ,,to ,,adv]tis]s4 ,pratt ,lamb]t ix ,*icago ,v>ni% ,company x ,murphy ,v>ni% ,company xi ,john ,w4 ,masury ,son xii ,surrey ,v>ni% ,works xiii ,/&>d ,v>ni% ,works xiv ,national ,lead ,company xv ,b]ry ,bros4 xvi ,john ,lucas ,company xvii ,! ,we/]n ,pa9t] xviii ,edw>d ,smi? ,company xix ,william ,s$gwick xx ,john ,l4 ,:it+ ,son ,co4 xxi ,geo4 ,e4 ,watson ,company xxii ,val5t9e ,company xxiii ,,introductory4 ,9 _m ( its elem5t>y pr9ciples ! art ( c>riage & wagon pa9t+ z at pres5t exemplifi$ does n mat]ially diff] f ! art z x 0 int]pret$ 9 ! remote pa/4 ,processes & sy/ems h *ang$ & adapt$ !mselves to ! swift] modes ( life1 b n a few ( ! pa9t mat]ials1 especially ^? us$ 9 ! f\ndation & surfac+ coats1 rema9 practically ! same z us$ 9 =m] times4 ,! ,p4 ,w4 ,f4's1 z surfac+ ag5ts expect$ to take ! place ( :ite lead & oil & _! assi/ant pigm5ts1 toss$ m]rily ^u ! topmo/ wave ( favor = a brief p]iod "s two decades ago1 b ! fiat ( _! decl9e w5t =? & at ! pres5t "t ! great majority ( c>riage & wagon pa9t]s /ill adh]e to :ite lead1 raw l9se$ oil1 o*res1 & regulation r\gh/uff pigm5ts = _! f\ndation mat]ials1 z did _! in/ructors & pr$ecessors4 ,! abbreviat$ "t all[ance accord$ ! pa9t] = ! pa9t+ & f9i%+ ( a vehicle has made necess>y a readju/m5t ( proportions ( bo? liquid & pigm5t +r$i5ts :i*1 x mu/ be confess$1 has op]at$ 9 a way h>mful to ! natural durability ( ! mat]ial employ$4 ,! pa9t]1 h[ev]1 c 9 no wise be held responsible = ! g5]al lack ( durability :i* is said to di/+ui% ! pa9t+ ( ! pres5t z comp>$ to t ( ! pa/4 ,! great inexorable ,public is ! ma/]1 ! pa9t] its unwill+ b submissive s]vant4 ,nev]!less1 conditions ( p]man5cy & durability are /ill wr\ght & a*iev$ 9 ! mod]n field ( c>riage & wagon pa9t+1 conditions :i* con=m1 ) a l>ge measure ( cr$it to ! art ( pa9t+1 to ! o!r resultant durable effects obta9$ along ne>ly all o!r l9es ( indu/rial activity4 ,our pa9t+ today fails to excel ! pa9t+ ( tradition simply because ! exactions ( a wond]fully fa/ age t5d directly to promote failure r ?an to aid success4 ,! job ( pa9t+ :i* )/&s fi]ce & cont9u\s attacks ( s]vice = a reasonable l5g? ( "t mu/ be ju/ly regi/]$ durable1 reg>dless ( :at x w\ld h be5 t]m$ 9 ! pa/4 ,pa/ conditions & circum/ances _c fairly be us$ z y>d/icks to measure :at we at pres5t call beautiful & endur+ 9 ! art ( pa9t+4 ,9 ! matt] ( tools1 appliances = h&l+ "w1 colors & v>ni%es us$1 c>riage & wagon pa9t+1 amid ! advances made 9 all ! o!r con/ructive dep>tm5ts ( indu/ry1 has enjoy$ improvem5t4 ,bru%es 9 great] v>iety1 f9] 9 quality1 & bett] adapt$ to ! practical ne$s ( ! pa9t]1 are 9 evid5ce4 ,colors ( a wid] range ( hues1 t9ts1 %ades1 & incomp>ably f9] z to quality ?an 7 obta9able =m]ly1 are n[ at ! disposal ( ! pa9t]4 ,& ! v>ni%es--surely !y h be5 improv$1 made m reliable1 m uni=m 9 quality1 bett] behav$ & m suit$ to ! ev]-v>y+ requirem5ts ( s]vice4 ,c>nage & wagon pa9t+ has become z mu* ( a bus9ess z an arti/ic v5ture4 ,comm]cial conditions h ( late ye>s s %ap$ !mselves t ! pa9t]1 to successfully conduct a pa9t+ bus9ess1 mu/ ( necessity /udy ! pr(\nd sci5ce ( bus9ess q z ?or\ghly z he does ! sci5ce ( build+ pa9t /ructures & develop+ color effects4 ,he imp>ts a moral1 bus9ess1 & me*anical =ce to ! community4 ,he n[ has available s\rces ( education m easily )9 8 rea* ?an at any =m] "t4 ,pa9t trade lit]ature1 s f> z x is repres5t$ 9 magaz9e =m at lea/1 is at h& to r5d] him aid & enc\ragem5t4 ,he is rapidly becom+ bett] fitt$ to meet ! exp&+ limits ( competition1 to critically analyze bo? ! !ory & practice ( pa9t+1 to become1 9 %ort1 a great] p[] = good 9 ! community z well z a /udi\s & orig9al me*anic4 ,9 ! insep>able community ( bus9ess int]e/s1 ! pa9t+ ( ! vehicul> equipm5t has rea*$ ! level ( a prom95t indu/ry4 ,its *ief atta9m5ts are1 fir/ly1 to pres]ve ! /ructural p>ts ( ! vehicle f ! action ( ! elem5ts2 secondly1 f ! remorseless & gnaw+ too? ( s]vice2 ?irdly1 to aid 9 mak+ ! vehicle really beautiful1 a "w ( art4 ,! mission ( ! foll[+ *apt]s w be to record ! sy/ems1 me?ods1 & processes practic$ 9 mod]n c>riage & wagon pa9t+1 to ! end t ! appr5tice--good luck to him1 & may he pluck ! pea* f ! sunnie/ side ( ! f5ce always--may be enlight5$1 t ! already skill$ workman may be int]e/$ some:at1 & t ! trade ( c>riage & wagon pa9t+ may be welcom$ z a delightful gue/1 wor?y ( en?usia/ic ent]ta9m5t4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,%op ,,& ,,its ,,equipm5t4 ,give ample room & v]ge en\gh4--,gray4 ,x w\ld n be fit nor seemly to lay d[n any arbitr>y rules = ! guidance ( ! pa9t] 9 ! selection or con/ruction ( ! pa9t %op4 ,conditions & circum/ances "h control4 ,b s f> z ! pa9t] is able to h au?ority 9 ! matt] x %\ld be direct$ 9 favor ( l>ge1 roomy ap>tm5ts1 high ceil+s1 & a f9e outfit ( w9d[s4 ,light is an indisp5sable commodity 9 ! pa9t %op4 ,& room--!re is nev] an excess ( x4 ,to d good "w at a pr(it invokes an easy1 commodi\s work+ space4 ,to ?is end1 !re=e1 ! pa9t] may well direct 8 be/ endeavors4 ,nor %\ld ! v5tilation be neglect$4 ,a v5tilator 9 q common use1 old-"t b effective :5 ! con/ruction ( ! %op p]mits ( its use1 consi/s ( ! regulation /ove pipe1 say #ab in*es 9 diamet] & ext5d+ #ah in*es or #b feet above ! ro( ( ! build+1 furni%$ at its upp] extremity ) a revolv+ hood or cap4 ,! local t9smi? usually has an inv5tion ( 8 own 9 ! way ( revolv+ v5tilators :i* is workable & nicely suit$ to ! ne$s ( ! pa9t %op4 ,:]e ceil+ v5tilators are n practicable1 ap]tures "s #h in*es 9 diamet] may be made 9 ! walls well up t[>d ! ceil+1 "o or two on ea* side ( ! room1 accord+ to ! size & location1 & into ^! ap]tures ins]t t9 frames1 bo? ends ( :i* are cov]$ ) wire gauze1 ! gauze on ! inside or room end ( ! fixture be+ fitt$ to a h+$ lid frame4 ,into ?is t9 & gauze comp>tm5t put clean curl$ hair or moss4 ,metal caps may be fitt$ to cov] ! inside op5+ ( ^! v5tilators1 s t if necess>y ! air c be %ut out entirely s f> z entrance ?r\gh ^! *annels is conc]n$4 ,!re are num]\s o!r /yles ( v5tilators1 b !y d n call = m5tion1 z local & individual ne$s w sugge/ ! k9d mo/ feasible to adopt4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a--,,:eel ,,jack4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b--,,:eel ,,jack4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,! mix+ b5* %\ld be locat$ 9 a light corn] ( ! room4 ,x %\ld be furni%$ ) a slab ( m>ble or /one1 pref]ably m>ble4 ,a cupbo>d ) tightly fitt+ doors %\ld be ov]1 or at ! side (1 ! b5* ) specially prep>$ bo>ds on :i* to wipe bru%es ne> at h&4 ,a fir/-class pa9t mill %\ld be a fixture 9 close proximity to ! pa9t b5*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d--,,long-,,acre ,,body ,,tre/le4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e--;,,body ,,tre/le4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f--;,,body ,,& ,,ge> ,,tre/le4 ,! v>ni% room 7sacr$ temple ( ! pa9t]'s hopes %all we say871 ov] :i* m5 r>ely fail to disagree1 ne$s to be e in* z l>ge z conditions w p]mit4 ,x %\ld h v5tilators1 su* z above describ$ or simil>1 9 pl5ty4 ,! gauze & t9 funnel v5tilators might well be us$ ne> ! floor & ceil+1 ?us driv+ ! room impurities up & out4 ,! v>ni% room _c well be too l>ge1 nor too light1 nor too cosy4 ,nor c x foll[ too closely ! ,quak]'s code z to furni%+s1 = unadorn$1 adorn$ ! mo/ /rictly applies to ?is hi/oric ap>tm5t4 ,x is agre$ t ! nor!a/ corn] ( ! %op is ! be/ location = ! v>ni% room4 ,! nor? light is ! mo/ re/ful & ! easie/ light to "w by1 & x is e/eem$ ! be/ dry+ light4 ,! room ought n to be plac$ imm$iately ov] ! smi? %op4 ,x %\ld h pl5ty ( w9d[s1 nor? & ea/1 & made to l[] at ! top4 ,if possible1 h a h>dwood floor1 & oil$1 ) ceil+ & side walls ( mat*$ lumb]1 good quality & pref]ably pa9t$ :ite or "s v light color1 t x w reflect ! light4 ,p]sonally1 ,i am 9 favor ( blue color$ %ades = nor? w9d[s & yell[ ones = ea/ & we/ w9d[s4 ,if possible1 connect a set room1 provid$ ) abundance ( light1 ) ! v>ni% room1 into :i* ! "w may be remov$ ! morn+ aft] f9i%+4 ,! v>ni% room requires a small cupbo>d = hold+ v>ni%1 cups1 du/]s1 bru%es1 *amois sk9s1 sponges1 etc41 a body tre/le or two1 a few wood51 l[-cut horses = support+ ! v>ni%$ "w1 a /ove1 if ! %op be n heat$ by o!r means1 a slid+ door or two1 &--t's all4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g--;,,ge> ,,frame4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h--,,seat ,,frame4 ,! colors1 pigm5ts1 & bru%es w be consid]$ 9 _! appropriate ord] z ! *apt]s proce$4 ,_m %op fixtures w be simil>ly pres5t$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i--;,,frame ,,= ,,bodies4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj--;,,ge> ,,horse4 ,! "w-h&l+ appliances "h furni%$ h be5 obs]v$1 /udi$1 & _m ( !m us$ by ! writ] 9 8 travels up & d[n ! l& ( pa9t %ops4 ,! revolv+ :eel jack is an indisp5sable fixture 9 ! pa9t %op4 ,fig4 #a has a plank base1 & an axle = a /&>d4 ,! cut %[s h[ x is made4 ,_m %ops use x4 ,fig4 #b is frequ5tly se5 9 prov9cial pa9t %ops4 ,x consi/s ( a h>dwood scantl+ ( ! size not$ 9 ! cut1 ) a #e_/h-;in* or #c_/d-;in* r\nd iron /uck into "o end & project+ #g in*es out4 ,a hole to nicely take ! iron is bor$ ?r\gh ! floor into a joi/1 a floor plate is plac$ ov] x1 & ! upright is ready to revolve4 ,a tap]+ piece ( r\nd iron #c_/d in* at ! base is driv5 ?r\gh ! upp] end ( ! /&>d1 hav+ a projection ( #g or #h in*es4 ,a ?ick metal wa%] is !n slipp$ ov] ! arm1 ?us complet+ ! fixture4 ,fig4 #c is l>gely us$ 9 factory %ops4 ,x is ! f9e/ :eel jack extant4 ,obs]ve ! bottom4 ,almo/ any f\ndry w ca/ "o at f #a4be to #a4ej ea*4 ,weight1 f #dj to #fj lbs42 diamet]1 #ah to #bj in*es2 hole = ins]tion ( arm1 #a in* to #a-a_/d in*es4 ,weld /ub axle to ! r\nd arm4 ,h v>y+ sizes ( axle /ubs1 f #c_/d1 #g_/h1 & #a in* to #a-a_/d in*es4 ,?is is a p>ticul>ly f9e jack = :eel /rip+ purposes4 ,c be easily transf]r$ to any "p ( ! %op1 & runs true4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa--,,rubb+ ,,deck4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab--;,,asphalt ,,or ,,cem5t ,,deck4 ,! ,long-,acre body tre/le1 a ,london production1 is (t5 met ) 9 ! pa9t %op4 ,fig4 #d %[s x 9 work+ ord]1 on roll]s1 & ! :eels connect$ ) a wood5 p9 = a pivot4 ,fig4 #e is a second body tre/le1 neat1 easy to "w1 & ! cut q completely expla9s h[ x is built4 ,height1 & proportion ( p>ts c be made to suit ! individual fancy4 ,fig4 #f repres5ts a comb9ation body & ge> tre/le l>gely us$ 9 factory pa9t %ops4 ,height1 #c ft41 #b 942 l5g? ( revolv+ frame pieces1 #bg 941 #bb 94 9 size4 ,a #dd in* piece #i 94 long supports ! frame4 ,incl9$ pieces are #be 94 long2 size1 #bb 94 ,! tre/le is ( h>dwood1 or %\ld be1 bolt$ toge!r4 ,fig4 #g1 a ge> frame1 fits onto ! frame ( ,fig4 #f4 ,x %\ld be #d ft41 #f 94 long & #ad 94 wide4 ,x easily takes ! %orte/ ge>s z well z ! longe/1 & ! workman is enabl$ to always obta9 ! be/ possible light4 ,fig4 #h is a seat frame made to fit ! tre/le1 ,fig4 #f4 ,make x ( #a-;in* /uff4 ,l5g?1 #b ft42 height at re>1 #i 942 front1 #b 942 wid?1 #ac-a_/b 941 to fit frame4 ,?is holds a c>riage seat 9 capital %ape = pa9t+ & f9i%+4 ,fig4 #i is a frame = hold+ bodies :ile v>ni%+ !m or :ile rubb+ ! v>ni%4 ,"o-in* p9e bo>ds #f 94 9 wid? af=d good mat]ial = ! frame4 ,let x be f #cb to #cf 94 high1 ab\t ! same 9 l5g?1 & #bg 94 wide4 ,at top ( /&>ds bolt #ga-;in* pieces #f 94 long1 conta9+ /eel brads to hold ! "w 9 place4 ,fig4 #aj is a horse = hold+ c>riage ge>s dur+ ! process ( pa9t+ & f9i%+4 ,ge> horses c't all be revolv+ ones1 & ?is "o is /rong & h&y to "w ar\nd4 ,make ! legs ( #ca-a_/b p9e or a% & ! b$ piece1 to :i* ! iron /&>ds are bolt$1 ( a% #cc in*es4 ,bolt ! legs to ! b$ piece & /ay !m 9 ! middle4 ,! iron /&>ds1 #e_/af 94 ?ick & #a-a_/b 94 wide1 are crank$ ov] at "r angles1 z %[n 9 cut1 bolt$ firmly to b$ piece1 & at upp] ends are holl[$ out to hold ! axle arms4 ,height ( horse1 #cj to #cd in*es2 wid?1 wide en\gh to take a ge> f #d ft4 to #e ft41 #d 94 ,let ! iron /&>ds g #cj in*es long1 crank$ at ! middle4 ,a rubb+ deck = r\gh/uff & v>ni% rubb+1 wa%+ up "w1 etc41 is a necessity ev5 9 ! small %op4 ,fig4 #aa expla9s an inexp5sive "o4 ,a ,a is ! %op floor1 ,d ! wall1 ,b ,b ! false or d\ble floor incl9+ to ! c5t]1 :]e a %all[ metal gutt] is let into ! floor op5+ to a wa/e pipe :i* conveys all ! wa/e matt] outside ! %op4 ,! out] edges ( ! d\ble floor re/ ^u /\tly-secur$ blocks ( wood4 ,fig4 #ab %[s an asphalt or cem5t rubb+ deck 9 g5]al use 9 _m lead+ %ops4 ,g is ! %op wall1 ,f ! wa/e pipe1 ,e ! deck4 ,! asphalt deck is n an exp5sive fixture1 nei!r we>s nor ru/s out1 &1 l ,fig4 #aa1 is a practical "t sav]4 ,& along ) ! rubb+ deck ! pa9t] %\ld adopt measures = secur+ a pl5tiful supply ( clean s(t wat] = %op uses1 &1 if possible1 h x pip$ directly to ! rubb+ deck4 ,^! are days ( h>d-f\ght bus9ess battles1 & any aid t w out-foot "o's competitor is an effective aid4 ,a good wat] supply "r at h& helps mightily4 ,fig4 #ac is a deck b>rel = hold+ a ready supply ( wat] = ! rubb]2 also = hold+ c]ta9 /yles ( c>riage & cutt] bodies :ile rubb+4 ,! slit cut at an angle lets a buggy1 surrey1 or o!r c>riage seat 91 & holds x fa/ :ile ! rubb+ proce$s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac--;,,deck ,,b>rel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad--,,v>ni% ,,room ,,/ove4 ,! v>ni% room /ove1 :5 "o is =c$ to use su* a fixture1 gives ! pa9t] mu* conc]n4 ,9 ,fig4 #ad is to be obs]v$ a way ( enclos+ ! /ove 9 %eet-iron1 aft] ! fa%ion ( ! railroads once ^u a "t4 ,cut an op5+ 9 ! wall sep>at+ ! v>ni% room f "s "o ( ! o!r ap>tm5ts1 set ! /ove j inside ! v>ni% room1 inclose x 9 ! %eet-iron cyl9d]1 mak+ ! cyl9d] fit close into ! wall op5+1 & h ! op5+ to ! /ove1 & ! /ove door1 rea*$ f ! room adjo9+ ! v>ni% room4 ,ev5 :5 :olly locat$ 9 ! v>ni% room su* a cyl9d]1 enclos+ ! /ove all ov]1 is a practical r$uc] ( /ove dirt1 etc4 ,,note4--,figs4 #c1 #e1 #f1 & #ad ( ?is *apt]1 & ,figs4 #a1 #b1 & #c ( ,*apt] ,,ii4 are publi%$ by p]mission ( ! ,hub4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,buy+ ,,& ,,select+ ,,bru%es--,,c>e ,,( ,,!m--,,s(t5+ ,,h>d ,,bru%es--,,bru% ,,keep]s--,,pres]v+ ,,liquids--,,bru%es ,,us$ ,,9 ,,vehicle ,,pa9t+1 ,,etc4 ,"o conspicu\sly fam\s bru% mak] has decl>$ ! art ( bru% mak+ to be an art pres]vative4 ,! c>riage & wagon pa9t] is deeply conc]n$ 9 ! a*ievem5ts ( t art1 because e di/9ct advancem5t made !re9 makes possible an equally di/9ct advancem5t 9 ! art ( pa9t+4 ,to a great] ext5t1 p]haps1 ?an any o!r class ( pa9t]s1 ! c>riage & wagon pa9t] %\ld be int]e/$ 9 mak+ up 8 bru% equipm5t ( tools ( ! be/ quality4 ,! bru% made ( reliable /ock1 hav+ ! prop] hang & po9t1 & :i* balances l a ?or\ghbr$1 is an economical tool to buy1 reg>dless ( ! price4 ,! vehicle pa9t] requires a bru% made sci5tifically1 by ! outlay ( hone/ workman%ip1 & ( mat]ial t is :olly above suspicion4 ,a bru% t has simply ! price to recomm5d x is usually an unreliable article & worke? evil1 l a ?ief 9 ! night1 unexpect$ly4 ,9 mak+ *oice ( a bru% = putt+ on prim+1 lead1 & r\gh/uff1 & = su* o!r features ( g5]al use z require a r\nd or oval bri/le bru%1 ! pa9t] may prop]ly look at ! fill+ ( ! tool4 ,deception1 if practic$ at all1 is usually plac$ :]e x %[s ! lea/4 ,! fir/-class bru% is di/9ctively ! bru% t %[s good quality--uni=m quality--f c5t] to outside4 ,o!r ?+s be+ equal1 ! bru% t is made up uni=mly z to its bri/le equipm5t w develop a good po9t1 & all c>riage pa9t]s are alive to ! importance ( ?is virtue 9 bo? pa9t & v>ni% bru%es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,mu* ( ! usefulness ( a bru% dep5ds ^u ! mann] ( c>+ = x :5 x comes into ! pa9t %op4 ,! bri/le bru%es us$ = prim+1 lead1 & r\gh/uff require bridl+ until worn d[n some:at4 ,!re are _m pat5t bru% bridles n[ procurable at a nom9al co/ :i* t5d to give a bru% mu* bett] %ape ?an ! %op-made bridle4 ,if ^! are n at h&1 ! pa9t] c take tuft+ cord 7our fri5ds1 ! c>riage trimm]s1 keep x7 & w9d ! bru% securely b n too tightly2 or he c take a piece ( light weight rubb] clo? &1 ext5d+ ! piece well d[n on ! h&le1 tie x at ! prop] di/ance ar\nd ! bri/les4 ,! rubb] side ( ! piece %\ld be fa/5$ next ! bri/les4 ,!n1 f :]e x is ti$ ar\nd ! bri/les1 fold ! piece back onto ! h&le & tie securely4 ,trim (f1 & a bridle is furni%$ t is p]fectly wat]- & pa9t-pro(1 ! clo? side ( ! rubb] be+ fold$ inside4 ,= a %op-made bridle ! writ] f9ds ?is a s]viceable "o4 ,aft] bridl+1 drop a little oil pa9t into ! heel ( ! bru% & set x away 9 a du/pro( comp>tm5t = a few days4 ,!n use ! bru% = a "t 9 oil pa9t1 susp5d+ ! bru% :5 n 9 use 9 raw l9se$ oil4 ,9 ! c\rse ( two or ?ree days ! bru% may be put into o!r pa9t if desir$ & susp5d$ 9 wat]4 ,susp5d ! bru% j up to ! butts ( ! bri/les1 or s !y are j cov]$1 & inv>iably keep ! wat] up to t po9t4 ,"u no circum/ances p]mit a bru% to re/ ^u its po9t :5 n 9 use4 ,x de/roys ! =m ( ! tool & less5s its spr+ & ela/icity4 ,! bri/le pa9t bru%es require a clean /orage q to ! ext5t t ! color or v>ni% bru%es d4 ,!re=e1 ! receptacle 9 :i* !y are kept %\ld be fitt$ ) a cov] & %\ld be tight en\gh to keep out all =ms ( dirt4 ,a common tobacco pail procur$ ( ! local groc]y1 pa9t$ inside & out1 fitt$ ) a cov]1 & hav+ nails driv5 at c]ta9 di/ances ap>t all ar\nd x1 "o-?ird ( ! way d[n f ! top1 on :i* ! bru%es may be susp5d$1 makes a *eap & excell5t keep] = ! ord9>y pa9t bru%es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,complete ,,set ,,( ,,f9i%+ 7,,fl[+7 ,,bru%es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,camel-,,hair ,,fl[+ ,,bru%4 ,illu/ration3 ,,coa* ,,du/]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*isel$ ,,pa9t ,,bru%4 ,camel's hair color bru%es may well h a little pa9t1 "o-half oil & "o-half turp5t9e1 dropp$ into ! heels ( !m4 ,^! bru%es1 us$ 9 japan gr\nd colors1 ne$ to be kept susp5d$ 9 wat]4 ,*ange ! wat] frequ5tly & make sure t x is clean4 ,a bru% keep] su* z is recomm5d$ = v>ni% bru%es is "o ( ! be/ possible keep]s = color bru%es4 ,x insures cleanl9ess4 ,& vehicle pa9t+ )\t cleanl9ess is l unto a l&scape pa9t+ ) ! beauties ( nature left out4 ,! bru%es kept 9 wat] d bett] 9 ra9 wat] ?an 9 h>d wat]4 ,dur+ ! cold mon?s1 especially 9 %ops :]e freez+ is liable to occur1 x is advisable to add a little glyc]9e to ! wat]4 ,! glyc]9e delays ! freez+ po9t & does n injure ! bru%es4 ,nev] soak a bru% 9 wat] be=e us+ x 9 pa9t4 ,animal fat circulates 9 ! capill>y tubes ( all bri/les & hair1 & if wat] is soak$ into ^! art]ies1 ! spr+ & ela/icity ( ! bru% is n only de/roy$1 b x spe$ily becomes a v mu* wat]-logg$ tool4 ,to swell up a bru% :i* = "s cause has become dri$ out & %runk51 "p ! bri/les s t ! end ( ! h&le is expos$1 & p\r 9 a small quantity ( wat]1 say ?ree or f\r teaspoonfuls4 ,!n /& x away1 bri/les up1 h&le d[n1 = two or ?ree h\rs & ! bru% w h return$ to its normal condition4 ,if a bru% h&le gets sme>$ ) pa9t or v>ni%1 a wire scrub bru% dipp$ 9 a solution ( sal soda w clean (f ! /icky sub/ance 9 %ort ord]4 ,to te/ ! bri/les 9 a bru%1 remove "s ( !m & submit !m to a sm>t flame4 ,bri/les1 ! real animal product1 w curl & wri! & emit a peculi> odor4 ,no kn[n adult]ant burns ?is way4 ,illu/ration3 ,,r\nd ,,pa9t ,,bru%4 ,a bru% t has be5 all[$ ?r\gh accid5t or neglect to get soggy may be limb]$ up nicely by soak+ 9 heat$ turp5t9e4 ,h>d5$ bru%es may (t5 be s(t5$ into workable condition aga9 by soak+ ! bri/les 9 hot l9se$ oil4 ,a simple soak+ 9 turps or b5z9e w sometimes effect ! ne$$ s(t5+ up4 ,bru%es1 h[ev]1 t h dri$ up1 saturat$ ) quick dry+ colors or pa9t1 c at be/ nev] be re/or$ to a fir/-class work+ condition4 ,! be/ =m ( economy1 !re=e1 is to ?r[ su* bru%es away4 ,rem$ies 9 impressive array h be5 m>%all$ :]e) to re/ore v>ni% bru%es t h become l\sy1 b ! vehicle f9i%] recognizes no reliable or economical rem$y = ! purpose nam$4 ,a dirty v>ni% bru% c be clean$ by wa%+ 9 oil fir/1 !n 9 turps1 & la/ly work$ 9 = putt+ on fir/ rubb+ coats1 & ?us gradually br\ght back to its orig9al cleanl9ess4 ,b ! v>ni% bru% once l\sy1 look y6 always l\sy4 ,bett] ,to ! fire ,i n[ consign !e1 ,peace unto ?9e a%es be4 ,:5 a v>ni% bru% is accid5tally dropp$ on ! floor :ile be+ us$1 pick x up c>efully &1 hold+ x at an acute angle1 bri/les d[n1 p\r a small quantity ( turp5t9e ov] x1 ?us flood+ ! accumulat$ dirt completely (f4 ,illu/ration3 ,,camel-,,hair ,,color ,,bru%4 ,illu/ration3 ,,oval ,,*isel$ ,,v>ni% ,,bru%4 ,!re is a consid]able div]sity ( op9ion z to ! be/ pres]v+ liquid 9 :i* to keep ! v>ni% bru%es4 ,local ne$s & requirem5ts are probably ! safe/ guides 9 ! matt] ( *oos+ pres]v+ liquids = v>ni% bru%es4 ,:5 ! bru%es are us$ daily1 z !y are 9 big %ops1 x is a v good way to keep !m 9 raw l9se$ oil4 ,!n1 e morn+ be=e beg9n+ "w1 ! bru%es may be r9s$ out 9 turp5t9e1 wip$ out cle>ly ov] ! edge ( ! cup1 & an ela/ic bru% full ( life is assur$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,badg]-,,hair ,,fl[+ ,,bru%4 ,bru%es us$ daily ^u clean surfaces are1 or %\ld be1 clean1 & r9s+ 9 turp5t9e c d no h>m to a clean bru%4 ,b 9 ! case ( bru%es us$ e two or ?ree days or occasionally1 diff]5t treatm5t is ne$$4 ,su* bru%es are liable to be us$ ^u surfaces & amid surr\nd+s less cleanly ?an ^? :i* obta9 9 ! f9e factory or cu/om %op1 & ! r9s+ 9 turps1 consequ5t ^u pres]v+ !m 9 oil1 w\ld m]ely s]ve to loos5 & set 9 motion ! dirt & floccul5t matt] gradually collect$ & =c$ up into ! body ( ! tools4 ,= ?is reason x 7 bett] to keep !m 9 f9i%+ v>ni% or1 pref]ably1 bru% keep+ v>ni%1 i4 e41 v>ni% m9us its dri]s4 ,:atev] ! pres]vative1 ! bru%es require ! mo/ wat*ful att5tion4 ,if kept 9 f9i%+ v>ni%1 ! liquid %\ld be *ang$ frequ5tly4 ,s delicate a tool1 ( :i* s mu* is expect$1 makes imp]ative ! obs]vance ( g5tle1 cleanly treatm5t4 ,v>ni% bru%es ought nev] to be left ly+ ar\nd = any consid]able l5g? ( "t :5 n 9 use4 ,du/ is nev] idle1 b always mov+ &1 l ! dew ( ! ev5+1 x falle? ^u ! j & ! unju/1 v>ni% bru%es includ$4 ,h a /iff1 p>tly-worn bru% to clean ! h&les ( v>ni% bru%es4 ,wip+ !m ) clo? di/ributes l9t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,spoke ,,bru%4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*isel$ ,,fit* ,,tool4 ,9 ,fig4 #a is %[n a d\ble comp>tm5t bru% keep]4 ,x c be made ( t9 or z9c & is n exp5sive4 ,atta* lock & key to x1 & ! bru%es condition$ to a pe]less trim are secure4 ,make ! keep] #h 94 long1 #e 94 wide1 #i 94 deep2 outfit ) spr+ fa/5]s1 run wires ?r\gh #c 94 f top1 & #c_/d 94 f bottom ( ! c locate a rack made ( small wires criss-cross$ on a light wire frame4 ,! dirt :i* collects 9 ! keep] goes to ! bottom b5ea? ! gauze rack1 & %\ld a bru% fall into ! pres]v+ liquid x is held alo( f ! dirt accumulations4 ,^! are regulation bru% keep]s1 clean1 durable1 & co/ 9 ! neighborhood ( #a4 ,fig4 #b repres5ts ! fam\s ?irty-c5t bru% keep]1 sev]al times illu/rat$ b /ill des]v+ a place "h4 ,x is claim$ to be made ^u sci5tific pr9ciples1 namely1 ! break betwe5 ! body ( ! keep] & its lid or cov] occurs at ! bottom & bel[ ! po9t ( bru% susp5sion1 in/ead1 z 9 ! ord9>y keep]1 at ! top & above ! po9t ( susp5sion4 ,x c be made ( any size to meet individual ne$s4 ,su* a c af=ds a spl5did keep] = camel's-hair color bru%es & = color-&-v>ni% bru%es4 ,fig4 #c displays :at has be5 some:at widely h]ald$ z ! we/]n idea ( a bru% keep]1 al?\gh ! g5tleman :o fir/ publi%$ a cut ( ! keep] & :o1 ,i believe1 0 ! inv5tor ( x1 has seldom1 if ev]1 be5 giv5 cr$it = 8 +5uity4 ,my vet]an bro!r ( ! bru%1 ,mr4 ,v4 ,b4 ,gr9nell1 is des]v+ ( ! ?anks ( ! trade = 8 inv5tion4 ,x consi/s ( an ord9>y glass fruit c 7a metal top ) rubb] atta*m5t is be/71 9 :i* is locat$ a t9 cup1 hav+ a heavy wire sold]$ to x & project+ up to ne> ! top ( ! c4 ,?is all[s ! cup to be easily remov$ f ! top ( ! c4 ,a second wire is sold]$ onto ! fir/ "o s t x projects out horizontally ov] ! cup1 all[+ = ! susp5sion ( ! bru%es 9 ! liquid conta9$ 9 ! cup4 ,! illu/ration %[s h[ ! keep] is made completely4 ,two or ?ree bru%es may be kept 9 ea* c1 & !y may be kept air-tight1 too1 a matt] ( mom5t to ! vehicle pa9t]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pe> ,,fl[+ ,,v>ni% ,,bru%4 ,! vehicle pa9t]'s bru% equipm5t %\ld consi/ ( a good assortm5t ( r\nd or oval bri/le bru%es = putt+ on prim+1 lead1 & r\gh/uff4 ,= ! be/ grade ( c>riage pa9t+1 ! *isel$ bru% is advis$ = ! prim+ & lead coats4 ,9 size !y %\ld run ab\t #d4j4 ,= work+ ^u l>ge surfaces1 h[ev]1 l>g] bru%es w be ne$$1 h5ce any exact size _c be advis$ to meet all cases4 ,spoke bru%es1 du/]s 9 pl5ty1 flat *isel$ bri/le pa9t bru%es1 extra ?ick camel's-hair color bru%es1 v>y+ 9 size f #a 94 to #c 941 camel's-hair fl[+ bru%es1 #a-a_/b to #b-a_/b 94 9 size1 = apply+ color-&-v>ni% ( "s k9ds1 *isel$ badg] hair bru%es1 d\ble ?ick1 #a 94 to #b 94 = v>ni%+ ge>s1 oval *isel$ sa% tools = clean+ up surfaces & pa9t+ :5 ne$$ c]ta9 p>ts ( a vehicle1 *isel$ fit* tools = clean+ up panels1 & la/ly n less ?an f\r sets ( v>ni% bru%es = v>ni%+ vehicle body surfaces1 along ) "s oval or r\nd *isel$ v>ni% bru%es requir$ especially 9 wagon pa9t+4 ,! pa9t] ne$s a set ( at lea/ ?ree bru%es1 #a 941 #a-a_/b 941 & #b-a_/b 94 9 size1 = v>ni%+ ! inside surfaces ( bodies1 ^! to be us$ = no o!r purpose4 ,!n1 prop]ly1 he %\ld h a set ( bru%es = putt+ on fir/ rubb+ v>ni% coats1 consi/+ ( a #a-;in* *isel$ badg] hair bru%1 & a #b-a_/b 94 & "o #c-;94 bri/le bru%4 ,!n ano!r set ( ! same numb] = ! rema9+ rubb+ coats4 ,illu/ration3 ,,long-,,h&l$ ,,spoke ,,bru%4 ,! f9i%+ kit ( bru%es may prop]ly consi/ ( five *isel$ half ela/ic fl[+ bru%es1 z foll[s3 ,"o #a-;941 "o #a-a_/b-;in*1 "o #b-;941 "o #b-a_/b-;941 "o #c-;94 ,"s f9i%]s pref] a #a-;94 badg] hair bru% = fl[+ ! edges ( ! panels1 b ! set ( fl[+ bru%es h]e) illu/rat$ answ]s e purpose fully & completely4 ,! art ( f9e bru% mak+ has s f> advanc$ )9 rec5t ye>s t x is n[ possible to get v>ni% bru%es :i* require b v little work+ 9 v>ni% to prep>e !m = fl[+ on ! f9i%+ coats4 ,to clean a new v>ni% bru% prep>atory to us+ x z a f9i%+ bru%1 fir/ draw ! /ock ( ! tool ?r\gh ! f+]s1 cont9u+ ?is op]ation until ! loose dirt is q fully work$ out4 ,!n repeat$ly subm]ge x 9 clean l9se$ oil & wipe out ov] ! edge ( a cup1 aft] :i* use x = a week or two 9 rubb+ v>ni%4 ,! bru% may !n safely be us$ = apply+ f9i%+ coats ( v>ni%4 ,illu/ration3 ,,oval ,,*isel$ ,,sa% ,,tool4 ,all bru%es n specially m5tion$ 9 ! =ego+ z r\nd or oval bru%es are assum$ to be flat1 ?is /yle ( bru% be+ ! "o *iefly employ$ 9 vehicle pa9t+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*isel$ ,,fl[+ ,,v>ni% ,,bru%4 ,9 ! matt] ( camel's-hair1 badg] hair1 & fl[+ v>ni% bru%es1 ! pa9t] desires said bru%es to be t\gh1 durable fibre1 hav+ s(t ends1 ela/ic1 & :i* we> s(t until worn out4 ,9 select+ ! bru% equipm5t1 x is a mo/ happy m5tal ex]cise to rememb] t ! highe/ type ( bru%1 if n mighti] ?an ! sword1 at lea/ ha? its victories4 ,! num]\s accompany+ excell5t illu/rations ( bru%es specially adapt$ to ! ne$s ( ! c>riage & wagon pa9t] are ! result ( valuable & c\rte\sly ext5d$ assi/ance t5d]$ by t celebrat$ bru% mak+ firm1 ,john ,l4 ,:it+ & ,son ,co41 ,bo/on1 ,mass4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,prim+--,,lead ,,coats--,,rub ,,lead--,,knif+ ,,lead--,,putty ,,& ,,putty+--,,s&pap]+--,,r\gh/uff1 ,,apply+ ,,& ,,rubb+ ,,x--,,mat]ials ,,us$ ,,9 ,,f\ndation ,,coats--,,mix+ ,,=mulas1 ,,etc4 ,f9e & durable c>riage & wagon pa9t+ _c be accompli%$ ^u f\ndations 9 anywise weak or un/able4 ,! supreme aim ( ! pa9t]1 !n1 %\ld be to beg9 at ! base ( ! f\ndation &1 ) pati5t toil & skill1 aid$ by mat]ials ( recogniz$ value1 br+ up a surface ( uni=m excell5ce & quality4 ,,mat]ials4 ,:ite lead & raw l9se$ oil2 an inv9cible comb9ation 9 ! old days--%all we n say inv9cible /ill8 ,assur$ly1 no?+ surpasses x today :5 conditions are favorable to its prop] treatm5t2 no?+ ^u ! horizon ( com+ ev5ts bids fair to surpass x4 ,x is only :5 ! limitations ( "t int]v5e1 :5 we mu/ p]=ce b[ d[n & wor%ip ! great ,am]ican idol1 ,hurry1 t ! s9ewy /r5g? & p]man5cy ( :ite lead1 l9se$ oil1 & ! few o!r con/itu5ts :i* ent] into ! f\ndation coats1 are s]i\sly %att]$4 ,:ite lead1 = example1 mu/ ( necessity figure z an elem5tal "p ( ! lead coats1 if n ( ! prim+1 ( putty1 & ( r\gh/uff4 ,x is n n[ impossible to f9d prim]s be+ us$ entirely devoid ( lead1 b ! burd5 ( pro( rema9s favorable to ! excell5ce ( lead4 ,a pigm5t fill] is q z necess>y z a liquid "o4 ,& pure :ite lead1 ,dut* process1 if x please my read]s--obs]ve its prop]ties 9 ?is respect3 ,x is ( great d5sity1 body1 p]man5t to a r>e degree1 ( impalpable smoo?ness :5 prop]ly gr\nd1 & *emically unites ) oil1 =m+ a k9d ( v>ni%1 :i* makes x a fill] & pore seal] ( great value4 ,9 addition1 x absorbs m oil1 solidifies x1 & rema9s ela/ic = a great] l5g? ( "t1 except r$ lead p]haps1 ?an any o!r pigm5t s f> discov]$4 ,moreov]1 x mixes happily ) all o!r pigm5ts :i* d n conta9 a sulphur +r$i5t4 ,briefly1 ^! are ! prop]ties :i* recomm5d x to ! c>riage pa9t]4 ,its noble runn+ mate1 raw l9se$ oil--:at ( x z a pa9t oil8 ,its *ief virtue lies 9 ! fact t :5 expos$ to ! air x gradually1 9 dry+1 absorbs a l>ge proportion ( oxyg51 :i*1 x is decl>$ by ,hur/1 =ms a new comp\nd ( a res9\s "*1 rem>kably ela/ic & /able4 ,s9ce ! failure ( ! ,p4 ,w4 ,f4's & v>i\s o!r sub/itutes = ! hi/oric lead & oil surfac+ ag5ts1 to meet ! exact+ ne$s ( ! trade1 ! swift processes n[ practic$ h press$ into s]vice "t quick5+ aids :i*1 9 a "w ( ?is k9d1 x w\ld sc>cely seem fit to omit4 ,_m pa9t]s h adopt$ yell[ o*re z a ma9 +r$i5t = prim+1 & 9 p>ticul>ly hurri$ in/ances1 or1 9 fact1 9 ! prim+ ( a c]ta9 grade ( regul> factory "w1 v>ni% &1 to "s ext5t1 turp5t9e are us$4 ,o*re ( good quality1 f9ely gr\nd 7a co>se gr\nd o*re is wor?less 9 c>riage pa9t+71 & conta9+ a /rong p]c5tage ( silica1 is a valuable compon5t ( prim+4 ,silica is an ackn[l$g$ pore fill]1 & 9 _m ( ! wood fill]s h]ald$ along ! highway ( comm]ce x is ! piece de resi/ance4 ,a high grade o*re is a good dry+ & a v p]man5t pigm5t4 ,x is a fir/-class surfac+ mat]ial & n easily affect$ by atmosph]ic or o!r impurities4 ,?us we h ! +r$i5ts :i*1 prop]ly comb9$ & manipulat$1 =m ! basis ( all beautiful & durable c>riage pa9t+ z gaug$ accord+ to pres5t day /&>ds4 ,let u n[ consid] ! sep>ate p>ts ( ! f\ndation build+4 ,,prim+4 ,prim+ is ! ag5t requir$ to g into & saturate ! m9ute cells & pores ( ! wood1 gett+ a firm grip ( ! fib]s1 seal+ !m aga9/ moi/ure1 & af=d+ ! pa9t] a t\gh1 ela/ic gr\nd = 8 level+ mat]ials to foll[4 ,prim] ,no4 #a4--,:ite lead & raw l9se$ oil1 d>k5$ to a lead color ) lampblack4 ,a teaspoonful ( coa* japan to be add$ to ea* p9t ( ! mixture1 or omitt$1 z ! "t limit may impose4 ,no4 #b4--,:ite lead1 #b p>ts2 yell[ o*re1 #a "p4 ,liquid1 raw l9se$ oil4 ,! use ( japan to dep5d ^u circum/ances4 ,no4 #c4--,:ite lead1 #a "p2 yell[ o*re1 #b p>ts4 ,liquid1 raw l9se$ oil4 ,no4 #d4--,:ite lead1 #a "p2 yell[ o*re1 #b p>ts4 ,liquids1 rubb+ v>ni% #a_/d2 turp5t9e #a_/d2 raw l9se$ oil #a_/b4 ,a tablespoonful ( japan to ea* qu>t ( ! mixture4 ,?is is a v quick prim]1 t c be s&pap]$ ! day foll[+ its application4 ,no4 #e4--,:ite lead1 %ad$ ) lampblack4 ,liquids1 rubb+ v>ni% #a "p2 raw l9se$ oil #e p>ts4 ,9 ! above =mulas keg lead is ref]r$ to4 ,prim+ %\ld conta9 j en\gh pigm5t to /a9 ! oil4 ,only 9 ?is =m does x p]=m ! functions ( a prim]4 ,"s h>dwood surfaces1 negative 9 composition1 require a prim+ ?9n$ some:at ) turp5t9e2 o!rwise su* close textur$ spaces ( wood are n suffici5tly p5etrat$ by ! oily p>ticles ( ! prim+4 ,! durability ( ! prim+ re/s l>gely ^u ! p5etration ( ! oil into ! art]ies ( ! wood along ) a c]ta9 necess>y p] c5t4 ( ! pigm5t4 ,x is a good plan n to foll[ ! surfac+ ( a job 9 ! wood %op too closely ) ! prim+4 ,immod]ate pressure ( ! wood fibres usually results f ! pressure ( ! wood work]'s level+ me?ods4 ,give ! wood "t to exp& be=e prim+1 b n "t to absorb moi/ure4 ,gra9+ out ( surfaces (t5 results f prim+ a surface too soon z well z too late4 ,_m factors mu/ necess>ily be consid]$ 9 ord] to h ! prim+ coat d all t x %\ld d4 ,! condition ( ! wood1 ! climate1 season1 atmosph]e1 etc41 all require dilig5t /udy4 ,! application ( ! prim+ to ! surface des]ves p>ticul> att5tion4 ,grant$ t fir/-class fill+ & surfac+ pigm5ts1 comb9$ ) liquids ri* 9 gummy res9\s matt]s1 make ! ideal prim]1 ! coat+ fails ( its mission :5 practices ( neglect m>k its application to ! surface4 ,!re=e1 apply ! prim+ smoo?ly & 9 a uni=m film to ! surface4 ,coat all p>ts ( a job1 outside1 top1 bottom--ev]y:]e4 ,insi/ ^u its be+ well bru%$ out--j z any coat ( pa9t %\ld be4 ,illu/ration3 ,,putty-,,hold]4 ,,! ,,lead ,,coats4 ,:at we %all be pleas$ to t]m fir/ lead 0 =m]ly made ( :ite 7keg7 lead ?9n$ to a bru%+ consi/5cy ) l9se$ oil & turp5t9e1 half & half4 ,t 0 at a "t :5 egg-%ell gloss coats 7 9 dem&4 ,a diff]5t pr9ciple has be5 e/abli%$ ( late ye>s 9 ref]5ce to ! composition ( ! lead coats1 & ! egg-%ell gloss is n[ reg>d$ ) suspicion &1 to a l>ge ext5t1 ab&on$ altoge!r4 ,consequ5tly1 ! fir/ lead %\ld be mix$ ( #c_/h oil to #e_/h turps1 or ev5 ) a /ill small] p]c5tage ( oil if ! limitations ( "t s direct4 ,apply ?is lead ) a bri/le bru% & en=ce rigidly ! rule ( smoo?ness & sleek bru%+ out4 ,second lead means 9 mod]n pa9t %op l+o flat lead--a lead t dries to a dull1 lu/reless appe>ance1 practically dead lead4 ,x is compos$ ( :ite lead1 ?9n$ to a work+ consi/5cy ) turp5t9e1 & giv5 a b9d] ( oil to ! ext5t (1 say #b_/c ( a tablespoonful ( oil to a p9t ( ! lead4 ,^! lead coats %\ld prop]ly conta9 #a teaspoonful ( japan to a p9t ( ! lead1 & be %ad$ ) lampblack4 ,! flat1 or dead1 lead is be/ appli$ ) a camel's-hair bru%4 ,,rub ,,lead4 ,9 connection ) ^! lead coats att5tion mu/ be direct$ to ! rub lead process z a "p ( ! sy/em ( lead surfac+ n[ practic$ 9 ! lead+ %ops ( ! c\ntry4 ,! rub lead is usually us$ directly ^u ! prim+ coat4 ,!re are sev]al =mulas 9 circulation = ! mix+ ( ! lead1 b ! writ] ?9ks ! "o "h giv5 7us$ 9 ! lead+ factory pa9t %ops7 cov]s ! pa9t]'s practical ne$s fully4 ,mix dry :ite lead to a gr9d+ consi/5cy 9 #c_/d raw l9se$ oil to #a_/d japan1 ! liquids to be c>efully measur$4 ,add en\gh lampblack to give ! mixture a clean slate color1 !n run ?r\gh ! pa9t mill1 aft] :i* r$uce to a bru%+ consi/5cy ) ! prop] proportions ( oil & japan4 ,make ! lead j /iff en\gh to bru% on ) a fairly /iff bri/le bru%4 ,apply to ! surface &1 aft] p]mitt+ ! mixture to take on a tack = a qu>t] ( an h\r or m z ! dry+ conditions ( ! ap>tm5t may be favorable or o!rwise1 proce$ to rub ! lead into ! surface ) ! palm ( ! h&4 ,= gett+ a f9e1 velvety1 & v d5se surface ( pigm5t1 ! rub lead sy/em has no rival4 ,h[ev]1 x _c be work$ ov] & re-coat$ s soon aft] be+ appli$ 7x %\ld be giv5 #dh h\rs 9 :i* to dry7 z c ! knif+ lead4 ,?is ,,knif+ ,,lead1 or glaz+ lead1 or draw putty1 z x is v>i\sly & locally kn[n1 r5d]s x possible to quickly fill & level up a surface1 mak+ x compact & solid z to texture4 ,knif+ lead1 ,no4 #a4--;,dry :ite lead #b_/c2 keg lead #a_/c4 ,liquids1 rubb+ v>ni% & japan1 ?9n+ to ! exact work+ consi/5cy ) a little turps4 ,no4 #b4--;,dry :ite lead1 mix$ 9 equal p>ts ( rubb+ v>ni% & japan4 ,no4 #c4--;,dry :ite lead #e_/h2 keg lead #a_/d2 r\gh/uff fill] 7f9ely gr\nd7 #a_/h4 ,liquids1 rubb+ v>ni% #a_/b2 japan #a_/d2 turp5t9e #a_/d4 ,?is la/ = l>ge panels4 ,^! leads %\ld all be color$ slightly 9 ! direction ( ! f9al color to be us$ ^u ! "w4 ,c>riage & wagon pa9t]s use knif+ lead on runn+ p>ts v l>gely1 & especially ^u "w t mu/ be gott5 out quick] ?an ! rub lead w\ld p]mit4 ,on ! panels ( bus9ess wagons ( ! m$ium grade1 knif+ lead is us$ to ! exclusion ( r\gh/uff4 ,on su* panels x is advisable to apply ! lead ) a bri/le bru%1 apply+ ! lead to ! surface a little heavi] 9 body ?an ord9>y pa9t1 & !n %ortly go+ ov] x ) a broad blade putty knife1 press+ ! pigm5t into ! wood & remov+ ! surplus4 ,knif+ lead des]ves to be us$ & appli$ ) circumspect c>e & skill if ! be/ & mo/ durable results w\ld be a*iev$4 ,x dem&s a firm press+ into ! cellul> fabric ( ! wood1 accompani$ by a clean1 tidy removal ( all ! pigm5t n actually necess>y to ! full & complete developm5t ( ! surface4 ,b little s&pap]+ %\ld be ne$$ to fit x = any ( ! succe$+ coats ( mat]ial4 ,9 ! pa9t+ ( runn+ p>ts ( ! be/ grade1 :5 rub lead or knif+ lead is employ$1 ! second lead1 previ\sly designat$ z flat or dead lead1 %\ld be employ$ ov] ! rub or knif+ lead1 ! putty+ ( ! deep cavities & ind5tations be+ done directly ^u said rub or knif+ leads4 ,,putty--,,mak+ ,,& ,,us+ ,,x4 ,putty ,no4 #a4--,! putty ( hi/ory--pa/1 pres5t1 & %all we say ( ! future8--s f> z hi/ory applies to c>riage pa9t+1 is ?is putty ,no4 #a4 ,dry :ite lead1 japan & rubb+ v>ni%1 ! liquids ( equal proportions4 ,probably ! be/ kn[n putty 9 ! jobb+ c>riage pa9t %op today4 ,illu/ration3 ,,spatula4 ,no4 #b4--;,dry :ite lead #c_/d2 keg lead #a_/d4 ,rubb+ v>ni% & japan1 half & half4 ,no4 #c4--,keg lead1 #d p>ts2 dry :ite lead #a "p4 ,rubb+ v>ni% & gold size japan1 equal p>ts4 ,no4 #d1 a putty = :ite "w4--,dry :ite lead #a_/b2 pulv]iz$ /eatite or soap/one #a_/d2 dry oxide ( z9c #a_/h2 dry silica #a_/h4 ,liquids1 v pale rubb+ v>ni% #a_/b2 light 79 color7 japan #c_/h2 turp5t9e #a_/h4 ,no4 #e4--;,dry :ite lead #b_/c2 keg lead #a_/c4 ,rubb+ v>ni% & japan1 equal proportions4 ,into ?is mix ! wo( or f9e pick+s ( velvet or plu%4 ,?is is especially int5d$ to be us$ ar\nd glass 9 heavy vehicles4 ,no4 #f4--,?is is a putty to be us$ on old "w hav+ r\gh cavities1 spl9t]y crevices1 & ! l4 ,x _c be s&pap]$1 b w dry t\gh1 nei!r *ipp+ nor flak+4 ,keg lead #a "p2 :it+ #b p>ts4 ,mix /iff 9 ?ick v>ni% & raw l9se$ oil1 equal p>ts2 !n ?ick5 up to ! "r consi/5ce ) dry :ite lead4 ,no4 #g4--;,= %all[ cavities requir+ a fill+ t dries quick & h>d4 ,dry lead #c p>ts2 pla/] ( p>is #a "p4 ,equal p>ts ( quick rubb+ v>ni% & japan4 ,no4 #h4--;,deep hole putty4 ,:it+ mix$ ) raw l9se$ oil & japan1 equal p>ts4 ,!n into ?is mixture mix plu% wo(4 ,drive a small head tack or two 9 bottom ( hole & !n fill 9 ne>ly level ) ! surface ) ?is putty4 ,sla% a c\ple ( op5+s into x ) putty knife to quick5 ! dry+1 & !n 9 due "t level up ) regul> putty4 ,illu/ration3 ,,squ>e ,,po9t ,,putty ,,knife4 ,no4 #i4--;,expansive %all[ d5ts 9 a c>riage surface require a peculi> k9d ( putty or cem5t4 ,f9ely gr\nd pumice /one #c p>ts2 dry lead #a "p4 ,mix to a work+ condition 9 ?ick glue4 ,apply ! putty s t x w %[ "s above ! surface4 ,aft] #aj h\rs rub d[n ) lump pumice /one & raw l9se$ oil4 ,no4 #aj4--;,"h is a putty t w /ick & at ! same "t s&pap] nicely4 ,%ade dry lead ) a little lampblack1 & mix ) #c_/d coa* japan & #a_/d rubb+ v>ni%1 along ) a da% ( turp5t9e4 ,! c>riage pa9t] w d well to use sp>+ly ( :it+--ev5 gild]'s :it+--9 mak+ a putty int5d$ = use ^u f9e surfaces4 ,:it+1 or1 9 ! spee* ( ! *emi/1 c>bonate ( calcium1 is a h>d dry+1 t5aci\s1 /\t /ick+ pigm5t1 b possesses ! ev] pres5t prop]ty ( granulat+ & work+ co>se & gritty "u ! putty knife4 ,:5 color+ matt] is add$ to putty1 be gov]n$ by :at ! f9al color ( ! job is to be4 ,hamm] putty well on ! mix+ block to make x t\gh & ela/ic4 ,d ?is at ! "t ( mak+ x & be=e use 9 ord] to expel ! accumulat$ moi/ure4 ,make x 9 suffici5t quantity to la/ = "s "t4 ,keep ! putty 9 wat] 9 a du/ pro( hold]--an air tight "o is bett]4 ,see putty-hold] illu/rat$ h]e)4 ,! way 9 :i* putty is appli$ has l>gely to d ) mak+ x s]ve ! surface good or ill4 ,good putty+ is n accompli%$ by nimble feats ( juggl]y4 ,! putty knife dem&s to be skillfully h&l$ & wisely direct$4 ,putty1 9 ! economy ( c>riage pa9t+1 is q z indisp5sable z pa9t or v>ni%4 ,9 po9t ( fact1 ea* is dep5d5t ^u ! o!r4 ,j en\gh is a critical po9t 9 decid+ h[ mu* & h[ little ( putty a surface requires4 ,"h are f\r rules = guidance 9 ! art ( putty+3 #a4--,nev] putty on ! prim+ coat4 #b4--,putty all "w z smoo? z possible4 ,x is economy & increases ! *ance = produc+ fir/-class "w4 #c4--;,avoid1 always1 putty+ a crevice1 depression1 or cavity 9 ! wood1 or a jo9t betwe5 two pieces ( wood1 t is subject to div]se =ms ( resi/ance4 ,! wr5*+ & twi/+ ( ! vehicle w loos5 ! putty & ev5tually eject x4 #d4--;,9 putty+ ov] nails1 plugs1 etc41 press ! pigm5t firmly into ! hole1 fill+ j level ) ! surface1 & c>efully slick up all surplus putty4 ,! pa9t] w ne$ = g5]al putty+ purposes1 9 addition to a spatula or two 7:i* see71 at lea/ f\r diff]5t /yles ( putty knife2 "o l>ge or wide blade knife1 a two-in* blade say1 "o squ>e po9t blade1 ord9>y size1 "o bevel$ po9t1 & "o oval po9t4 ,knives ( diff]5t %apes w greatly facilitate ! labor ( putty+1 :i* at be/ is (t5 t$i\s4 ,,s&pap]+ ,if x 7 feasible1 s&pap] w\ld1 no d\bt1 be vot$ d[n & out ( ! pa9t %op4 ,at pres5t1 h[ev]1 x _c well be remov$ f ! sy/em ( c>riage surfac+4 ,! task ( s&pap]+1 view$ f its rosie/ side1 is toilsome1 dirt-invit+1 girt up by a wai/b& ( unpleasant features1 b1 alas6 we mu/ h level & smoo? surfaces if we w\ld h beautiful ones1 & s&pap]+ af=ds ! means ( gett+ !m4 ,x is "o ( ! aids--"o ( ! great aids1 let u be> 9 m9d--to ! admirable surface effects s\ght = 9 ! art ( c>riage pa9t+4 ,x _c be slight$ or to any ext5t be done imp]fectly )\t m>r+ ! appe>ance or subtract+ f ! durability ( ! surface :5 f9i%$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bevel$ ,,po9t ,,putty ,,knife4 ,! use ( s&pap] beg9s be=e ev5 ! prim+ coat has tak5 its position4 ,a surface well s&pap]$ ahead ( ! prim+ coat saves a great deal ( "t & leaves pl5ty ( ! prim+ film on ! surface :]e x is ne$$4 ,no4 #a pap] is ! prop] size to surface ! prim+ coat1 if ! surface has previ\sly be5 well smoo!d4 ,! ,no4 #a_/b w d = fir/ lead4 ,?is coat requires a v ?or\gh & uni=m go+ ov]1 t\*+ completely all places t ne$ x1 t\*+ none ) a co>se h&1 & nev] lay+ b>e a flick] ( wood ne$+ a full dep? ( protect+ pigm5t4 ,! second lead1 or dead lead z we "k x1 %\ld require only a light go+ ov] ) ,no4 #j pap]1 ?is to be foll[$ by poli%+ ) curl$ hair or f9e moss us$ by trimm]s4 ,! rub lead & knif+ lead coats usually respond to ! smoo?+ c>ess ( ,no4 #a_/b1 or f9]1 pap]1 ! size dep5d+ ^u ! quality ( ^! coats4 ,all along ?r\gh ! sy/em ( pa9t+1 s&pap] mu/ ne$s s\nd its smoo?+ monotone1 b p>ticul>ly ^u ! prim>y coats does ! pa9t] use x z ! fulcrum by :i*1 among o!r aids1 he seeks to re> 8 pa9t f\ndation into a t[] ( /r5g?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,oval ,,po9t ,,putty ,,knife4 ,m\ld+s1 clips1 bolt heads1 difficult places to "w up to1 ev]y:]e bespeak ! same ?or\gh t\* ( ! s&pap]4 ,!re are _m %>p edges ab\t a vehicle :i* may be d5ud$ ( pigm5t at a s+le rasp ( ! pap]4 ,su* p>ts require a good measure ( protection1 o!rwise flak+ & *ipp+ ( ! pa9t & v>ni% mu/ naturally foll[4 ,! pa9t] may well /rive to make ! "w ( s&pap]+ an exact op]ation--exact z to ?or\ghness z appli$ to all p>ts ( a surface1 & exact z to a uni=mity ( results4 ,9 company ) ! labor ( s&pap]+ mu/ be consid]$ du/+4 ,! latt] %\ld be cleanly & tidily done1 q z ?or\gh1 inde$1 z ! s&pap]+ or any o!r ( ! op]ations1 all alike important4 ,we n[ come to an article indisp5sable to ! pa9t] 9 arriv+ at a /ate ( p]fection reg>d+ smoo?ness ( surface4 ,,r\gh/uff--,,h[ ,,made1 ,,appli$1 ,,& ,,rubb$4 ,web/] def9es r\gh z hav+ inequalities1 small ridges1 or po9ts on ! surface1 & /uff z refuse or wor?less matt]4 ,b1 comb9+ ! two words into "o--r\gh/uff--! pa9t] con/rues ! t]m to mean some?+ diff]5t f ! con/ruction put ^u x by ! em95t lexicograph] :5 he cleav$ x ev5ly 9 twa94 ,)\t ! co>se m9]al pigm5ts kn[n z fill]s1 :ite lead1 & ! liquid m$iums us$ to prop]ly unite & weld !m toge!r & d5om9at$ r\gh/uff :5 ready = use1 ! pa9t]1 9 8 ef=t to make satisfactorily level & smoo? surfaces1 w\ld be 9 almo/ z sorry a plight z ! m>9] b]eft ( 8 compass4 ,=1 m>k y1 g5tle confrres6 r\gh/uff is ess5tial to c>riage body surface elegancies & mirror-l effects4 ,,favorite ,,=mulas4 ,no4 #a4--,to #c lbs4 ( any ,am]ican fill] add #a lb4 keg :ite lead4 ,beat well toge!r2 !n r$uce to a ?ick pa/e ) rubb+ v>ni% & japan1 aft] :i* ?9 to bru%+ consi/5cy ) turps4 ,?is is a safe "o-coat-p]-day '/uff4 ,no4 #b4--;,equal p>ts ( fill] 7except+ ,engli%7 & keg lead1 by weight1 r$uc$ to a heavy pa/e 9 quick rubb+ v>ni% & japan1 & !n cut ) turps to ! prop] consi/5cy4 ,two coats p] day may be safely appli$4 ,no4 #c4--;,five lbs4 fill] 7/ill except+ ,engli%72 #b-a_/b lbs4 keg lead2 #a_/c ela/ic rubb+ v>ni%2 #b_/c japan4 ,?is is a '/uff = f9e1 heavy coa* "w4 ,apply coat e #gb h\rs4 ,d n rub out "u ?ree weeks4 ,no4 #d4--7;,a ,london =mula47 ,dry :ite lead1 gr\nd /iff 9 turp5t9e1 #a-a_/b lbs42 o*re1 or ,engli% fill+1 gr\nd /iff 9 turp5t9e1 #d lbs4 ,mix ! two & add #a_/b lb4 ( tub lead4 ,add #a p9t ( japan gold size & ab\t #a_/b p9t ( ! bottoms ( we>+ v>ni%4 ,r$uce ) a little turp5t9e if necess>y4 ,?is is a v durable & ela/ic '/uff4 ,no4 #e4--7,m4 ,arlot's =mula47 ,gr9d sep>ately lump :ite lead ) ess5ce ( turp5t9e1 & d ! same ) unwa%$ yell[ o*re2 !n mix ! two pa/es 9 ! proportion ( #c_/d ( :ite lead & #a_/d ( o*re4 ,all[ ! mixture to /& expos$ to ! air or to a g5tle heat 9 ord] to evaporate ! excess ( liquid1 & add gradually small portions ( good dry+ oil1 tak+ c>e to /ir & beat ! mixture well ) a bru%1 z 9 di/emp] pa9t+4 ,! pa/e ?us acquires m body4 ,conc]n+ ?is '/uff ! au?or adds3 ,x is possible ) ?is composition to give ?ree coats 9 a day's "w1 b aft] ! la/ coat we mu/ wait #dh h\rs = dry+4 ,no4 #f4--;,engli% fill] #c lbs42 keg lead #a lb4 ,rubb+ v>ni% & japan1 half & half1 to make a /iff pa/e4 ,?9 ) turp5t9e4 ,no4 #g4--;,engli% fill]1 mix$ /iff ) rubb+ v>ni%1 #a_/b2 japan #a_/b4 ,?9n$ ) turp5t9e4 ,probably g5u9e ,engli% fill] has b few1 if any1 equals1 & c]ta9ly no sup]iors z a r\gh/uff pigm5t4 ,x poli%es d[n v close & compact z to texture1 giv+ a glass-l1 non-por\s surface4 ,x requires less lead ?an o!r fill]s1 because ( :i* prop]ty x 0 specially m5tion$ z exclud$ f =mulas #b & #c4 ,x does n surface d[n z easily z "s ( ! ,am]ican fill]s1 a fact t has probably limit$ its use l>gely4 ,9 us+ keg lead = r\gh/uff1 a mod]ately /iff gr\nd lead is advisable4 ,a lead gr\nd 9 an excess ( oil w necessitate wa%+ 9 turps to expel a portion ( ! oil1 if ! prop] proportions ( +r$i5ts w\ld be ma9ta9$4 ,9 mix+ r\gh/uff1 x pays to be exact z to proportions & quantities4 ,use fir/-class mat]ials1 v>ni%1 japan1 etc4 ,slops & refuse f v>ni% & japan cans are to be avoid$4 ,!y leave ! us] 9 a /ate ( unc]ta9ty z to ! composition ( 8 '/uff4 ,if made 9 consid]able quantities at a "t1 ! pigm5t %\ld be /or$ 9 a tight1 du/-free receptacle & well cov]$ ) wat] or turps1 else x w v soon become gummy & unsuitable = good "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pa9t ,,/ra9]4 ,! *ief mission ( r\gh/uff is to enable ! pa9t] to get a firm1 h>d1 level surface4 ,x requires putt+ on ) a good bru%1 & a skill$ & pa9/ak+ wield] ( ! tool4 ,r\gh/uff %\ld be c>ri$ to a surface a little heavi] 9 body ?an ord9>y pa9t1 b its spread+ & flatt+ prop]ty %\ld 9 no wise be made sluggi% & ropy by ! abs5ce ( ?9n+ m$iums4 ,bett] an additional coat ( '/uff ?an "o coat less because ( ! excessively ?ick coats us$4 ,r\gh/uff1 l all quick sett+ pigm5ts1 ne$s to be appli$1 bru%$ out1 & level$ quickly "u ! bru%1 s t bru% m>ks may n intrude or uni=mity 9 dep? ( film be want+4 ,use a bru% suit$ to ! size ( ! panel2 likewise a bru% ) a s(tness & f95ess ( po9t & suffici5t ela/icity to insure1 if prop]ly wield$1 fre$om f bru% m>ks4 ,too heavy a pigm5t is no m a prolific cause ( bru% m>ks ?an a too ne>ly worn out bru%4 ,if ! fir/ coat ( '/uff is laid on ! panel ) horizontal /rokes ( ! bru%1 let ! second be laid ) v]tical ones1 & vice v]sa4 ,on a well-surfac$ job1 f\r coats %\ld suffice4 ,:]e great] inequalities ( ! surface exi/1 m coats w be necess>y4 ,b x is an e/abli%$ maxim 9 bo? ! practice & !ory ( c>riage pa9t+ t ! less r\gh/uff us$ ^u a surface1 grant$ t ! quantity accords p]fectly ) ! ne$s ( ! surface1 ! great] ! durability ( ! pa9t & v>ni% /ructure4 ,! successful us] ( r\gh/uff is "o :o duly consid]s ! importance ( hav+ a correctly-proportion$1 f9ely-balanc$ mixture skillfully appli$ to ! surface amid surr\nd+s favorable to its prompt & ?or\gh dry+4 ,a guide coat to be us$ ov] r\gh/uff is made ( a little ( ! '/uff color$ a bit ) yell[ o*re or ,v5etian r$ & ?9n$ d[n consid]ably ?9n] ?an ! '/uff1 ) turp5t9e4 ,! workman :o has r\gh/uff to rub requires1 z an outfit1 pl5ty ( clean wat] "r at h&1 a good sponge1 *amois sk91 & a v>i$ assortm5t ( rubb+ /ones & bricks4 ,! rubb+ brick product1 ( ,g]man orig91 has be5 consid]ably improv$ ( late ye>s2 to su* an ext5t1 9 fact1 t x is n[ possible to obta9 x z f9e z wi%$ =1 & runn+ f t up to a v co>se quality4 ,h[ev]1 = ! v high class "w1 ! natural lava1 or pumice /one1 is n to be surpass$4 ,! quality ( ! rubb+ accompli%$ dep5ds mu* ^u ! selection ( ! blocks ( pumice /one4 ,! blocks ( light weight1 op5 gra91 tunnel$ ) innum]able air cells1 are to be pref]r$ = good cutt+ prop]ties4 ,imm]s$ 9 wat]1 !y float in/ead ( s9k+4 ,! buoyancy ( a piece ( lava det]m9es its porosity & its cutt+ p[]4 ,?is k9d ( /one may be us$ until ! surface is well r$uc$1 :51 pref]ably1 ! /one ( clos] texture & tight] gra9 may next be us$ & cont9u$ 9 use until ! f9al dress+ up has be5 conclud$4 ,select /ones ( l>ge cutt+ surface4 ,aft] ! saw+1 fil+1 & necess>y dress+ up ( ! /one 9 prep>+ x = ! surface1 x m]its a ?or\gh wa%+ & r9s+ to cleanse x f all m9ute atoms ( grit1 etc4 ,9 ! actual "w ( rubb+ a surface1 keep ! surface well wa%$ to prev5t gumm+ ( ! /one & to enable ! eye to see j :at ! m9d & muscle are do+2 b d n flood ! "w ) wat]4 ,! rubb+ /one is do+ its "w prop]ly :51 "u an ev51 g5tle pressure1 x cuts smoo? & free ) a cl++1 adhesive motion4 ,:5 a p>ticle ( grit becomes lodg$ "u ! /one !re w be a roll+1 j>r+ motion1 easy = ev5 an unpractic$ h& to detect1 provid$ vigilant att5tion is be+ direct$ ^u ! "w4 ,:5 scrat*+ ( ! surface occurs1 ! rubb+ /one requires smoo?+ (f ) ano!r /one1 & ! surface1 /one1 etc41 giv5 a ?or\gh r9s+ ) clean wat]4 ,circul>1 zig-zagg+ motions ( ! /one are ill-advis$4 ,/raight1 clean /rokes1 all direct$ 9 "o g5]al direction1 are be/ & mo/ effective4 ,a surface is n always rubb$ suffici5tly f9e :5 ! guide coat disappe>s4 ,! guide coat may be b a m]e wa% & disappe> almo/ completely "u a few /rokes ( ! /one4 ,! disappe>ance ( su* a guide787 coat is n evid5ce t ! prop] surface has be5 rea*$4 ,by repeat$ly draw+ ! h&1 ) a good pressure1 across ! surface at "r angles ) ! direction t gov]n$ ! lay+ (f ( ! f9al coat ( fill]1 ! workman c v accurately decide :5 an adequately f9e surface has be5 rea*$4 ,to det]m9e :5 a surface has be5 rubb$ j en\gh usually gives ! inexp]i5c$ rubb] no little difficulty1 b ) practice he w ma/] ! accompli%m5t4 ,on m\ld$ panels x is advisable to rub ! edges ( ! surface fir/1 z x w less5 ! t5d5cy to ?ru/ ! /one =cibly aga9/ ! m\ld+1 ?us *ipp+ (f atoms ( /one to be gr\nd into ! surface lat] on4 ,rubb+ ! r\gh/uff is ! f9al process 9 ! art ( develop+ ! comely & durable f\ndation4 ,does n ! "w1 !n1 m]it a full measure ( skill1 al]tness1 & pati5ce 9 its execution8 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,prismatic ,,& ,,objective ,,color--,,h>moniz+ ,,& ,,contra/+ ,,colors--,,mix+ ,,colors--,,te/+ ,,!m--,,assay+ ,,= ,,opacity1 ,,color+ ,,/r5g?1 ,,brilliancy1 ,,etc4--,,table ,,= ,,comp\nd+ ,,coa* ,,colors1 ,,hues1 ,,& ,,t9ts4 ,:ile colors1 z we "k !m1 diff] f ea* o!r1 !y exi/1 accord+ to ! g5]ally accept$ !ory1 z simply diff]5t movem5ts ( ! same elem5t4 ,! imm5se ocean ( e!r1 :i* is 9 all space1 is "o1 & ! colors are all waves ( t "o ocean4 ,:5 a ray ( light und]goes a *ange ( direction x is divid$ into _m m9or rays1 :i* to our visual s5se are repres5t$ z colors4 ,z1 = example1 if a ray ( :ite light be direct$ ?r\gh ! edge ( a triangul> prism s t its c\rse is b5t or refract$1 ! ray is divid$ into sev]al diff]5t rays ( colors1 ^! be+ !reby t]m$ spectrum colors4 ,x is practically agre$ by au?orities t ! ra9b[ af=ds ! mo/ complete illu/ration ( spectrum colors1 ^! be+ =m$ by ! passage ( light ?r\gh ! spray or drops ( wat] 9 a %[]4 ,color1 !n1 may be said to be due to ! action ( light4 ,h5ce ! e/abli%$ dictum1 namely1 :ite is a reunion ( all ! color$ rays ( ! prismatic spectrum4 ,x is a basic elem5t 9 e color except black1 &1 z a color1 black figures z an absolute neutral1 x be+ devoid ( :ite light4 ,! conditions & circum/ances :i* unite to produce ! v>y+ & v>i\s color s5sations h nev] yet be5 unanim\sly agre$ ^u by ! em95t color !ori/s4 ,! practical man may ?read ! remote/ conf9es ( color !ories z exp\nd$ by ,newton1 ,brew/] ,jones1 ,field1 ,rood1 ,"y1 & o!rs1 until 8 adv5tures br+ him out on ! toil-won heights & /up5d\s summits ( ! mod]n sci5ce ( colors1 & :at he beholds w simply t5d to confuse 8 intellect & m ?an ev] conv9ce him t ! ma/]y ( color laws rema9s yet to be accompli%$2 t no unalt]able rule c be successfully appli$ to ! !ory ( color4 ,to ^? ( my read]s :o desire to explore deeply into ! recesses ( color sci5ce1 ,i w\ld recomm5d ! works by ! a=e-m5tion$ colori/s4 ,x is ! purpose to deal 9 ?is *apt]1 s f> z possible1 ) ! m practical aspects ( ! sci5ce4 ,objective color1 z di/+ui%$ f :at is t]m$ illusive or prismatic color1 is conf9$ to ^? sub/ances or mat]ials end[$ ) ! selective prop]ty = absorb+ ! color$ rays f ! light :i* is imp>t$ to !m1 & :i*1 9 ! te*nology ( pa9t+1 are kn[n z pigm5ts4 ,! colors :i* make up ! ?ree ord]s usually1 b n inv>iably1 recogniz$ by mod]n colori/s1 & :i* practically apply to ! ne$s ( ! vehicle pa9t]1 may be plac$ z foll[s3,a ,prim>y ,colors ,second>y ,colors ,t]ti>y ,colors ,r$ ,gre5 ,russet ,yell[ ,purple ,citron ,blue ,orange ,olive ,c>m9e1 ultram>9e blue1 & lemon *rome yell[ mo/ ne>ly approa* to ! prismatic colors1 &1 tak+ !m = ! prim>ies1 we f9d1 accord+ to ! d$uctions ( ,*evreul & o!rs1 t 9 proportional /r5g? !y rank ?us3 ,yell[1 ! weake/1 #c2 r$1 m$ium1 #e2 blue1 /ronge/1 #h4 ,to =m ! second>y colors1 yell[1 #c p>ts1 & blue1 #h p>ts1 produces gre51 :i* is ! contra/+ color to r$1 ! contra/+ prim>y be+ always ! color n conta9$ 9 ! second>y4 ,purple1 ! contra/ to yell[1 conta9s r$1 #e p>ts2 blue1 #h p>ts4 ,orange1 ! contra/ to blue1 has r$1 #e p>ts2 yell[1 #c p>ts4 ,any color 9 ! second>y column opposite a color 9 ! prim>y column is ! contra/+ color to t prim>y1 & 9 ! t]ti>y column1 ! t]ti>y opposite any giv5 second>y may be accept$ z ! h>moniz+ color to t second>y's contra/+ prim>y2 z1 = example1 yell[1 ! prim>y1 has purple z its contra/+1 & citron z its h>moniz+1 color4 ,9 l mann] russet h>monizes ) r$ & olive ) blue4 ,! t]ti>ies may be produc$ by unit+ ! second>ies 9 equal proportions1 or by ! prim>ies be+ comb9$ 9 ! proportion ( #b p>ts ( any giv5 prim>y & #a "p ( ea* ( ! two rema9+ prim>ies4 ,= in/ance1 olive is made ( purple & gre51 bo? second>ies1 or x may be made ( blue1 #b p>ts1 & #a "p ea* r$ & yell[4 ,citron is made f gre5 & orange2 russet f orange & purple4 ,ref]r+ to ! ?ree diff]5t ord]s ( colors1 x w be f\nd t exp]im5t w enable "o to effect _m *anges 9 ! developm5t ( color h>mony4 ,any "o color ( any ( ! ?ree ord]s w h>monize ) ! colors :i* contra/ ) ! rema9+ two colors ( ! same ord]4 ,take ! prim>y1 blue4 ,! contra/+ colors to ! rema9+ two prim>ies are purple & gre51 ) :i* blue h>monizes4 ,! contra/s to ! prim>ies1 r$ & blue1 are respectively gre5 & orange1 ) :i* ! ?ird prim>y1 yell[1 h>monizes4 ,or r$ w h>monize ) ! contra/s to ! prim>ies1 yell[ & blue1 :i* are purple & orange4 ,cont9u+ ! exp]im5t to ! second>y colors1 x is f\nd t gre5 h>monizes ) citron & olive1 ! contra/s to ! two rema9+ second>ies1 purple & orange2 purple h>monizes ) russet 7russet conta9s a d\ble %>e ( r$1 be> 9 m9d7 & olive1 bo? be+ contra/s to orange & gre51 ! o!r second>ies4 ,orange h>monizes ) citron & russet1 ! contra/s to purple & gre54 ,^! exp]im5ts 9 ! doma9 ( color contra/s & h>mony might be pursu$ indef9itely1 b ! above w suffice to af=d ! /ud5t :o essays ! colori/'s art 7& :at vehicle pa9t] doesn't aspire to t art87 a practical work+ plan = ! acquirem5t ( su* in=mation z w enable him ultimately to successfully meet ! exact+ requirem5ts ( mod]n vehicle ornam5tation4 ,k ( ! h>mony ( analogy1 a simple1 effective1 & ready way ( v>y+ pa9t+1 toge!r ) a k ( contra/s1 ! f9]1 high]1 & sup]ior sy/em ( effect+ ! mo/ adorable & fet*+ color adornm5t1 is an indisp5sable help to ! pa9t]1 to atta9 :i* he c well af=d to make _m sacrifices4 ,! h>mony ( color z x applies to ! use ( two or m colors ) ref]5ce to ! relation%ips :i* %\ld exi/ betwe5 !m1 requires to be fur!r int5sifi$ by a /rict & vigilant reg>d = ! season1 conditions1 & circum/ances :i* obta9 :5 c]ta9 comb9ations ( colors are employ$4 ,& = ?is reason3 ,blue is a cold color1 *illy 9 ! extreme at "s seasons ( ! ye>1 ^u c]ta9 surfaces4 ,x may be call$ a space color & imp>ts a retir+ effect to =m4 ,r$1 appli$ to =m1 appe>s /ation>y & gives a w>m? ( s5tim5t4 ,orange is1 if any?+1 w>m] 9 its effect ?an a full r$4 ,bright yell[ t5ds to excitem5t ( ! vision4 ,gre5 has a conspicu\s or advanc+ appe>ance4 ,! prim>y colors h no e/abli%$ hues1 t9ts1 or %ades1 b 9 e comp\nd ( ! prim>ies a hue is recognizable4 ,gre51 = in/ance1 z a comp\nd ( blue & yell[1 c be made to v>y surpris+ly 9 hue z ! proportion ( "o prim>y is increas$ & ! o!r r$uc$1 & vice v]sa4 ,9 e comp\nd ( ! prim>ies ! pr$om9at+ prim>y fixes ! hue !re(4 ,hue1 !n1 z an au?ority has well said1 may be a mixture ( two or m colors ( any ord]1 b ! mixture %\ld n dep>t f ! orig9al color4 ,tone1 z appli$ to a color1 measures ! dep? ( ! hue ( t color4 ,dilute a color1 or ! hue !re(1 ) :ite1 & a t9t ( t color or hue is ! result4 ,to illu/rate3 ,by add+ :ite to *rome yell[1 ! yell[ is r$uc$ along d[n ?r\gh ! long li/s ( t9ts until x rea*es :ite4 ,a color or hue deep5$ by ! addition ( black becomes a %ade ( t color or hue2 or1 9 o!r words1 a %ade is any color made deep] by ! addition ( black4 ,! positive colors conta9 no :ite or black by mixture1 :ile ! negative colors d conta9 :ite or black or bo?4 ,,! ,,mix+ ,,( ,,colors1 9 view ( ! fact t ! manufacture ( !m has n[ rea*$ a v high /ate ( p]fection1 w\ld seem to be a comp>atively easy matt]1 b x mu/ be und]/ood t 9 vehicle pa9t+1 bus9ess vehicle pa9t+ especially1 !re are _m hues1 t9ts1 & %ades dem&$ :i* ! color mak] does n furni%4 ,su* mixtures h to be prep>$ by ! pa9t]1 & ! "w becomes a skill$ op]ation4 ,fir/ he mu/ be =tifi$ ) a cle> k ( ! proportions ( ! +r$i5ts requir$ to =m ! desir$ color or hue !re(1 or t9t or %ade4 ,!n he mu/ skillfully & p]fectly comb9e !m4 ,! ^w p]fectly is emphasiz$ because if ! con/itu5ts be n p]fectly comb9$1 a long tra9 ( evils is invit$4 ,a mo/ m9ute & p]fect incorporation ( all ! p>ticles ( ! pa9t mat]ial mu/ be made1 o!rwise a lack ( uni=mity 9 /r5g?1 color+1 & cov]+ p[] results4 ,c]ta9 colors h a prop]ty ( unduly ass]t+ !mselves :5 comb9$ ) c]ta9 o!r colors 9 ! mix+ cup1 & if all[ance be n made = ?is ass]tive /r5g? & a v ?or\gh mixture ( ! p>ts effect$1 ! color1 :5 appli$ to ! surface1 is apt to %[ /reaks4 ,"s pigm5ts require gr9d+ ^u ! slab "u ! mull] to obta9 an absolutely p]fect comm+l+ ( ! p>ticles4 ,?is rule applies to ! mix+ ( pigm5ts3 ,! m p]fect ! mix+1 ! m p]fect ! product2 p]fect n only z reg>ds its /r5g?1 p]man5ce1 & brilliancy ( color1 b p]fect also z reg>ds its work+ prop]ties4 ,:ile two or m pigm5ts may mix nicely toge!r1 !y may n liquify readily1 & unless ! workman be ?or\gh 9 8 mix+ op]ations1 lack ( a uni=m film ( color ensues1 a condition :i* lat] on develops ! fad$ & blea*$ out surface1 & 9 _m in/ances ! flak+ & %elly "o4 ,! pa9t] :o w\ld become a skill$ mix] ( pigm5t w insi/ ^u exact quantitative measurem5ts ( all ! +r$i5ts he may employ1 bo? liquids & solids1 :5 su* measurem5ts are possible1 & he w fur!r see t ! +r$i5ts are p]fectly unit$4 ,! atta9m5t ( a high av]age ( results 9 ! use ( colors dep5ds greatly ^u ! a*ievem5ts ( ! color mak] & ^u ! uni=m quality ( 8 product4 ,f95ess ( gr9d+1 uni=mity ( color 9 respect to its color+ & cov]+ p[]1 & brilliancy1 are valu$ ess5tials4 ,x is necess>y t ! pa9t] %\ld get f ! color mak] n "o1 two1 or ?ree successive lots ( color t are ( /&>d color1 t9t1 or %ade1 b e lot %\ld correspond to ! exact /&>d4 ,:5 ! pa9t] op5s a new lot ( color1 he desires x to be exactly l ! la/ 9 e p>ticul>1 provid$1 ( c\rse1 ! la/ lot 0 /&>d4 ,h5ce1 uni=mity ( color1 ( t9t1 ( %ade1 ( quality ?r\gh\t1 is a requirem5t ) :i* ! color mak] may prop]ly be expect$ to comply4 ,x w ?us be obs]v$ t ! pur*ase ( colors is "o ( ! really important /eps lead+ up to f9e & durable color effects4 ,9 te/+ a color = cov]+ p[] or opacity1 = color+ /r5g?1 & = brilliancy1 comp>ison %\ld always be made ) a /rictly /&>d color4 ,to assay = cov]+ p[] or opacity1 weigh out1 say #ej gra9s1 ( ! /&>d color & ! same numb] ( gra9s ( ! color "u exam9ation1 & to ea* sample add #aj gra9s ( f9e *9a clay1 if ! colors be d>k1 or #aj gra9s ( ! highe/ grade ( lampblack 7?is be+ a pure black7 %\ld !y be light1 & mix intimately4 ,! sample :i* dep>ts ! lea/ f its own color has ! be/ body or cov]+ p[]4 ,or mix exactly equal quantities ( ! /&>d color & ! color to be assay$1 9 equal quantities ( raw l9se$ oil1 incorporat+ ! oil & ! pigm5t ?or\ghly1 & !n apply to glass surfaces 7small panes ( w9d[ glass answ] ! purpose fully71 spread+ ! pigm5t z ev5ly z possible4 ,! sample cov]+ ! glass mo/ solidly has ! /ronge/ cov]+ p[]4 ,color+ p[] is det]m9$ by mix+ a giv5 quantity ( a /&>d sample ( color ) a c]ta9 quantity ( *9a clay or1 if pref]r$1 z9c :ite4 ,( ! sample to be assay$ take ! same quantity ( color & mix ) exactly ! same quantity ( *9a clay or z9c :ite us$ ) ! /&>d4 ,! sample %[+ ! greate/ dep? ( color may be accept$ z hav+ ! /ronge/ color+ p[]4 ,! durability or p]man5cy ( a pigm5t may be te/$ by mix+ ! pigm5t ) raw l9se$ oil1 spread+ on a piece ( glass1 expos+ x to ! rigors ( ! wea!r1 & not+ its condition f "t to "t4 ,! f95ess ( a color or pigm5t c be judg$ by rubb+ ! mat]ial betwe5 two ?ick pieces ( glass or subject+ x to a p[]ful microscopic exam9ation4 ,or a common fruit c ) a tight cov] may be two-?irds fill$ ) clean wat]1 half an ounce ( color put !re91 & ! cont5ts vigor\sly %ak54 ,! f9] ! sample is gr\nd1 ! long] ! "t x w require to settle out4 ,! foll[+ table is int5d$ to aid 9 ! comp\nd+ ( ! pr9cipal hues1 t9ts1 & %ades ( colors us$ 9 c>riage & wagon pa9t+4 ,x w\ld prove futile to try to make ! proportions arbitr>y1 because ! uni=mity ( colors advocat$ above does n univ]sally obta91 ! product ( "o firm diff]+ f t ( o!r firms & v (t51 un=tunately1 lack+ uni=mity 9 itself4 ,moreov]1 color s5se has n rea*$ a uni=m developm5t1 & ! proportions :i* w\ld1 = example1 make a *]ry r$ z accept$ by "o p]son might n appe> t color to ! second p]son4 ,h[ev]1 9 mo/ ( ! =mulas proportions are indicat$1 & ! table is pres5t$ n z an infallible guide1 b m 9 ! nature ( a reliably helpful "o4 ,,table ,,( ,,hues1 ,,t9ts1 ,,& ,,%ades ,,( ,,colors4 ,,r$s4 ,transp>5t ,r$--,no4 #dj c>m9e4 ,fr5* ,r$--,indian r$ & v]milion glaz$ ) c>m9e4 ,c>nation ,r$--,r$ lake1 #c p>ts2 :ite1 #a "p4 ,w9e ,color--,c>m9e1 #c p>ts2 ultram>9e blue1 #c p>ts4 ,cl>et--,c>m9e & ultram>9e blue1 or r$ & black4 ,imp]ial ,r$--,yell[ lake1 #a "p2 solf]9o lake1 #e p>ts4 ,*]ry ,r$--,c>m9e1 #a "p2 ,engli% v]milion1 #b p>ts4 ,m>oon ,r$--,lampblack1 #a "p2 ,v5etian r$1 #h p>ts4 ,solid ,crimson--,engli% v]milion1 #a "p2 c>m9e1 #b p>ts4 ,sup]lative ,v]milion--,engli% v]milion1 #c p>ts2 orange m9]al1 #a "p4 ,deep ,rose--,victoria lake1 #a "p2 flake :ite1 #f p>ts4 ,brick ,r$--,yell[ ,o*re1 #b p>ts2 ,engli% v]milion1 #a "p2 :ite1 #a "p4 ,metropolitan ,r$--,c>m9e & v]milion1 glaz$ ) c>m9e4 ,a /unn+ & saucy panel color4 ,,yell[s4 ,primrose--,add a da% ( :ite to lemon yell[4 ,or1 accord+ to ,/&>d ,diction>y1 #eh ( :ite1 #bd ( yell[1 & #ah ( gre54 ,x %\ld be ( a v pale yell[ t9t2 is fa%ionable & orig9ally ,engli%1 y "k4 ,m>oon ,yell[--,c>m9e1 #c p>ts2 yell[1 #b p>ts4 ,ri* ,yell[--,orange *rome1 #a "p2 :ite1 #f p>ts4 ,buff--,:ite1 #b p>ts2 yell[ o*re1 #a "p4 ,oak--,yell[ o*re1 #a "p2 :ite1 #h p>ts4 ,jonquil ,yell[--,flake :ite & *rome yell[1 ) a bit ( c>m9e add$4 ,sulphur ,yell[--,lemon *rome1 #a "p2 :ite1 #a "p4 ,amb] ,yell[--,*rome yell[ 7m$ium71 #h p>ts4 ,can>y ,yell[--,:ite1 #f p>ts2 lemon *rome1 #a "p4 ,naples ,yell[--,:ite1 #aej p>ts2 gold5 o*re1 #i p>ts2 orange *rome1 #a "p4 ,/raw ,color--,:ite1 #e p>ts2 lemon yell[1 #b p>ts2 v]milion1 a drop or two4 ,lemon ,color--,lemon yell[1 #b p>ts2 :ite1 #e p>ts4 ,cream ,color--,:ite1 #e p>ts2 r$1 #a "p2 yell[1 #b p>ts4 ,cream ,t9t--,:ite1 #aej p>ts2 orange *rome1 #a "p4 ,gold--,:ite & m$ium *rome yell[4 ,add a little v]milion & ,fr5* yell[ o*re4 ,pale ,orange--,orange *rome1 #a "p2 :ite1 #e p>ts4 ,acorn ,yell[--,:ite & raw si5na1 equal p>ts4 ,,blues4 ,*angeable ,blue--,prussian blue4 ,ocean ,blue--,:ite1 #ae p>ts2 ,prussian blue1 #a "p2 raw si5na1 #b p>ts4 ,ultram>9e ,blue--,?ree %ades1 light1 d>k1 & m$ium4 ,grass ,blue--,:ite1 #f p>ts2 em]ald gre51 #b p>ts2 ,prussian blue1 #a "p4 ,azure ,blue--,:ite1 #ce p>ts2 ultram>9e blue 7m$ium71 #a "p4 ,c]ulean ,blue--,:ite1 color$ ) ultram>9e blue4 ,bird's-,egg ,blue--,add ultram>9e blue to :ite until a tol]ably int5se blue is rea*$2 !n give a da% ( light *rome gre54 ,cobalt ,blue--,a f9e pale blue1 & a mo/ beautiful panel color4 ,v p]man5t4 ,brunswick ,blue--,made 9 ?ree %ades4 ,popul> 9 "s sections4 ,,gre5s4 ,sage ,gre5--,:ite1 #fj p>ts2 light *rome gre51 #b p>ts2 raw umb]1 #a "p4 ,bottle ,gre5--,dut* p9k & ,prussian blue1 glaz$ ) yell[ lake2 or m$ium *rome gre51 #e p>ts2 drop black1 #a "p4 ,nile ,gre51 o!rwise ,body ,gre5--,milori gre51 ,prussian blue1 & black1 mix$ to ! desir$ %ade & glaz$ ov] ) yell[ lake4 ,tea ,gre5--,made ( blue *rome gre5 & raw umb]4 ,a /rik+ panel color = bus9ess wagons4 ,pea ,gre5--,:ite1 #e p>ts2 *rome gre51 #a "p4 ,will[ ,gre5--,:ite1 #e p>ts2 v]digris1 #a "p4 ,grass ,gre5--,yell[1 #c p>ts2 ,prussian blue1 #a "p4 ,m>9e ,gre5--,:ite1 #cj p>ts2 *rome gre51 #a "p4 ,brilliant ,gre5--,p>is gre51 #d p>ts2 *rome gre51 #a "p4 ,bronze ,gre5--,*rome gre51 #e p>ts2 burnt umb]1 #a "p2 black1 #a "p4 ,s*eele's ,gre5--,p>is gre54 ,milori ,gre5--,a f9e panel color = bus9ess vehicles2 is ri* 9 color & ( good cov]+ p[]4 ,olive ,gre5--,gold5 o*re1 #e p>ts2 coa* black1 #a "p4 ,quak] ,gre5--,*rome yell[1 #e p>ts2 ,prussian blue1 #b p>ts2 v]milion1 #a "p4 ,! gre5s =m a class ( colors v ext5sively employ$ 9 ! pa9t+ ( all classes ( vehicles4 ,!re are two ord]s ( gre51 namely1 cold & w>m4 ,9 cold gre5s1 blue or black pr$om9ates2 ! w>m gre5s conta9 an excess ( yell[4 ,z a class1 ! gre5s contra/ ) r$s & colors conta9+ r$1 & h>monize ) colors hav+ yell[ or blue 9 _! composition4 ,,br[ns4 ,olive ,br[n--,burnt umb]1 #c p>ts2 lemon yell[1 #a "p4 ,bism>ck ,br[n--,dut* p9k1 burnt umb]1 & lake4 ,or1 ) a mixture ( burnt umb] #b p>ts1 :ite lead #a "p1 make a gr\nd1 ov] :i* put a coat+ ( burnt si5na1 & !n glaze ) c>m9e1 #a-a_/b p>ts2 crimson lake1 #a "p2 gold bronze1 #a "p4 ,an ,engli% v]milion makes a base ov] :i* ! glaz+ makes a consid]ably light] br[n4 ,orange ,br[n--,orange *rome1 #b p>ts2 burnt si5na1 #c p>ts4 ,c(fee ,br[n--,yell[ o*re1 #b p>ts2 burnt si5na1 #a "p2 burnt umb]1 #e p>ts4 ,d>k ,br[n--,indian r$1 #e p>ts2 ,prussian blue1 #a "p4 ,amb] ,br[n--,burnt si5na1 #d p>ts2 m$ium *rome yell[1 #e p>ts2 burnt umb]1 #h p>ts4 ,indian ,br[n--,indian r$1 #a "p2 yell[ o*re1 #a "p2 lampblack1 #a "p4 ,seal ,br[n--,burnt umb]1 #d p>ts2 gold5 o*re1 #a "p4 ,tan ,br[n--,yell[1 #b p>ts2 raw umb]1 #a "p2 burnt si5na1 #e p>ts4 ,japan ,br[n--,black japan1 to :i* is add$ a little v]milion4 ,umb]s--,a class ( natural e>?s1 af=d+ v>y+ %ades ( br[n1 ! ,cypress m9es yield+ ri*1 w>m1 olive colors4 ,calc9$1 ?is umb] rea*es a positive violet %ade4 ,burnt umb] us$ alone or 9 connection ) r$ & black1 gives a v /rik+ panel color = bus9ess vehicles4 ,v&yke ,br[n--,a product ( natural deposits ( br[n color4 ,v&yke br[n is a w>m color ( a r$di% hue & is p]man5t4 ,mo/ ( ! ,v&yke br[ns ) :i* ! c>riage pa9t] is famili> are made1 h[ev]1 f black1 r$1 & yell[4 ,burnt ,si5na--,a f9e1 w>m1 r$di% br[n1 if ! si5na be ( good quality4 ,a v close imitation ( ,bism>ck br[n4 ,*e/nut ,br[n--,r$1 #b p>ts2 *rome yell[1 #b p>ts2 black1 #a "p4 ,*ocolate ,color--,a little c>m9e add$ to burnt umb]4 ,,miscellane\s4 ,london ,smoke--,r$1 #a "p2 umb] 7burnt71 #b p>ts2 :ite1 #a "p4 ,plum ,color--,:ite1 #b p>ts2 r$1 #a "p2 blue1 #a "p4 ,salmon ,color--,:ite1 #e p>ts2 burnt umb]1 #a "p2 yell[1 #a "p4 ,*amol9e 7wet *amois sk97--,:ite1 #e p>ts2 raw si5na1 #c p>ts2 lemon *rome1 #a "p4 ,cane ,color--,:ite & o*re %ad$ ) black4 ,dove ,color--,m$ium *rome yell[1 #a "p2 blue1 #a "p2 :ite1 #d p>ts2 v]milion1 #b p>ts4 ,fawn ,color--,:ite & o*re ) a bit ( v]milion4 ,burgundy--,a bright lake giv5 a small p]c5tage ( asphaltum4 ,silv] ,color--,:ite1 indigo1 & black4 ,lea!r ,color--,burnt si5na1 #b p>ts2 burnt umb]1 #a "p2 a little :ite add$4 ,lilac--,blue1 #a "p2 c>m9e1 #d p>ts2 :ite1 #c p>ts4 ,plum ,color--,:ite1 #b p>ts2 blue1 #b p>ts2 r$1 #a "p4 ,m>oon--,c>m9e1 #c p>ts2 yell[1 #b p>ts4 ,or crimson lake & burnt umb]4 ,copp] ,color--,yell[1 #b p>ts2 r$1 #a "p2 black1 #a "p4 ,true ,lead ,color--,:ite1 #h p>ts2 blue1 #a "p2 black1 #a "p4 ,normal ,gray--,:ite1 black & purple2 or simply :ite & black4 ,pe>l ,gray--,:ite1 black1 & blue4 ,fr5* ,gray--,:ite1 t9t$ ) ivory black1 ! mixture w>m$ ) a p9* ( v]milion4 ,drab ,color--,burnt umb]1 #a "p2 :ite1 #i p>ts4 ,m$ium ,gray--,:ite1 #h p>ts2 black1 #b p>ts4 ,light ,gray--,:ite1 #i p>ts2 black1 #a "p2 blue1 #a "p4 ,w9e ,color--,ultram>9e blue1 #b p>ts2 c>m9e1 #c p>ts4 ,blue ,black--,ivory black1 #ae p>ts2 ,prussian blue1 #a "p4 ,snuff ,color--,yell[1 #d p>ts2 ,v&yke br[n1 #b p>ts4 ,pea* ,blossom ,color--,:ite1 #h p>ts2 blue1 #a "p2 r$1 #a "p2 yell[1 #a "p4 ,lav5d]--,:ite1 #ae p>ts2 mauve lake1 #a "p2 rose madd]1 #a "p4 ,,footnote3 ,a ,) apologies to ,mr4 ,w4 ,g4 ,scott & o!rs :o h publi%$ simil> b m elaborate & sci5tific pres5tations4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,application ,,( ,,colors ,,to ,,surfaces4--,,gre5s--,,blues--,,r$s--,, yell[s--,,br[ns--,,blacks--,,:ite4 ,! gre5s comprise a class ( colors _m ( :i* are lead]s 9 popul>ity z panel colors on heavy pleasure vehicles1 su* z l&aus1 br\ghams1 rockaways1 etc4 ,ne>ly all ! gre5s are us$ z solid colors1 requir+ no specially prep>$ gr\nd "w color4 ,! ease1 h[ev]1 ) :i* solidity & d5sity ( color is obta9$ ^u a surface is greatly ov]%ad[$ by ! difficulty--! extreme difficulty1 p]haps ,i %\ld say--( apply+ mo/ ( ! f9e c>riage gre5s n[ fa%ionable4 ,su* gre5s z olive1 ,quak]1 ,brew/]1 & ,m]rimac gre51 individually & collectively favorites1 require v deft & pa9/ak+ manipulation 9 ! cup & "u ! bru% 9 ord] to insure workman-l results4 ,probably olive gre5 manife/s ! mo/ pron\nc$ disposition to ass]t ! /r5g? ( "s "o or m ( its color con/itu5ts indep5d5tly & to ! detrim5t ( ! rema9+ ones4 ,to ov]come ?is difficulty1 ! color 9 ! cup %\ld be /irr$ frequ5tly aft] hav+ be5 mix$ ?or\ghly :5 9 prep>ation = ! surface4 ,9 apply+ gre5s to ! surface--& ?is /atem5t is int5d$ to cov] ! entire li/ ( gre5s us$ 9 c>riage & wagon pa9t+--cross bru%+ at ! f9al conclusion ( lay+ (f ! color may well be avoid$4 ,! t5d5cy ( cross bru%+ at ! ends ( a panel is to %[ two or m diff]5t %ades ( ! same gre54 ,! rule holds good1 :5 us+ ! gre5s1 to adh]e to ?or\gh me?ods ( mix+1 to keep ! color well /irr$ 9 ! cup1 & to desi/ f cross bru%+ at ! extremities ( ! panels 9 f9i%+ up4 ,^! *>act]i/ics s conspicu\sly develop$ z opportunity (f]s h prompt$ a majority ( c>riage pa9t]s & colori/s 9 our be/ %ops to use mo/ ( ! gre5s employ$ on f9e c>riage surfaces 9 ! capacity ( flat color coats 7two coats 9 ne>ly all cases cov]+ solid7 & !n apply+ cle> rubb+ v>ni%1 ?us do+ away ) ! color-&-v>ni% coats altoge!r4 ,! gre5s :i* are us$ z glaz+ colors comprise ultram>9e gre51 v]digris1 & transp>5t bronze gre54 ,,! ,,blues4 ,next to ! gre5s 9 popul>ity z f9e panel colors come ! blues1 ultram>9e blue rank+ z ! mo/ widely us$ ( ! v>i\s v>ieties4 ,! elegance & ari/ocratic effects obta9$ by ! employm5t ( ultram>9e blue are secur$ only by ! developm5t ( a gr\nd "w free f imp]fections4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! successful use ( almo/ e coa* color1 :e!r us$ z a glaz+ color or o!rwise1 is cont+5t ^u ! quality ( ! gr\nd color & ^u su* a h>moni\s assimilation ( ! diff]5t coats z w promote ! greate/ ela/icity & p]man5ce4 ,( ! ultram>9e blue !re are ?ree %ades1 light1 m$ium1 & d>k4 ,mo/ color manufactur]s prep>e & sell gr\nd colors adapt$ to ! diff]5t %ades ( ! blue1 ! ultram>9e be+ inv>iably us$ z a color-&-v>ni% or glaz+ coat4 ,nev]!less1 x is (t5 necess>y1 ev5 if n desirable1 to %op prep>e ! gr\nd color = ! ultram>9e blues :5 want$4 ,= ! light %ade ( ultram>9e blue1 ,prussian blue & a sup]ior grade ( :ite lead are s comb9$ z to produce a blue ( good dep? & body1 unusual c>e be+ tak5 to h ! blue & :ite ?or\ghly unit$ & beat5 into "o indivisible pigm5t4 ,if keg lead be us$ 9 mak+ ! gr\nd1 ! oil %\ld be fir/ completely wa%$ out ( ! pigm5t ) b5z9e or turp5t9e1 & v>ni%1 in/ead ( oil1 be employ$ z ! color b9d]4 ,?is practice provides = sure & reliable dry+ ( ! gr\nd color4 ,! gr\nd = ! m$ium ultram>9e blue may be made ( ! +r$i5ts above /at$1 ! color be+ simply adju/$ to a deep] %ade ( blue1 m blue & less :ite be+ us$ 9 ! admixture4 ,9 bo? ! light & ! m$ium1 ! gr\nd color %\ld approximate ! glaze color & enhance ! ri*ness ( effect4 ,= ! d>k %ade ( ultram>9e blue1 a coat ( lampblack furni%es a mo/ excell5t & effective gr\nd color4 ,probably ! ri*e/ effect 9 blue is furni%$ by glaz+ ultram>9e blue ov] a gr\nd ( v deep gre54 ,transp>5t cobalt blue1 a glaze color always1 requires a gr\nd ( ,prussian blue & :ite4 ,body cobalt is us$ z a solid color1 & = a panel color on traps1 breaks1 & vehicles ( t ord] x produces admirable & fet*+ effects4 ,! glaze colors are be/ us$ 9 a fl[+ m$ium ( ela/ic rubb+ v>ni%1 especially :5 body surfaces are be+ coat$1 & ! bru%es adapt$ to apply+ su* colors are ! #a-a_/b-;in* & ! #b-;in* badg] fl[+ bru% or a s(t1 half-ela/ic bri/le bru% suit$ to ! size ( ! panels be+ coat$4 ,,r$s1 ,,w9es1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,colors ,,( ,,! ,,r$ ,,ord]4 ,= w>m? & brilliancy ( color effects1 c>m9e among a long li/ ( gorge\s r$s1 is )\t a rival4 ,c>m9e is a glaze color exclusively1 & ! spl5dor ( its radiance is gov]n$ entirely by ! gr\nd color4 ,c>m9e1 along ) its ne> relatives ( ! r$ ord]1 has a decid$ t5d5cy to fade1 flake1 & *ip (f4 ,! gr\nd color1 !re=e1 mu/1 9 addition to be+ faultless 9 color d5sity & surface features1 be possess$ ( great endur+ qualities4 ,x may be accept$ z a rule wor?y ( practice t ! gr\nd colors = ! g5]al ord] ( r$s %\ld be mix$ ) a b9d] ( v>ni% suffici5tly /rong to imp>t to !m :5 dry at lea/ a fa9t gloss--an egg-%ell gloss1 if x please my community ( read]s4 ,a gr\nd s prep>$ is =tifi$ to c\nt]act ! fad+ & flak+ prop]ties ( su* ( ! r$s z are us$ z glaze colors4 ,to secure a fir/-class job ( light c>m9e1 br+ ! surface up level & smoo?1 & !n apply a coat ( pea*-bl[ color1 made ( :ite & "s "o ( ! ord9>y r$s4 ,ov] ?is apply a coat ( deep ,engli% v]milion1 us+ ! v]milion /\tly *>g$ ) rubb+ v>ni%4 ,poli% ?is coat1 :5 dry1 ) curl$ hair & apply a second coat ( ! v]milion1 add+ a suffici5cy ( v>ni% to conv]t ! mixture to ! color-&-v>ni% class4 ,at ! prop] "t ?is coat %\ld1 pref]ably1 be rubb$ lightly ) pumice /one & wat]4 ,next apply a coat ( cle> rubb+ v>ni%1 :i* 9 due "t also dem&s rubb+ ) pulv]iz$ pumice /one & wat]4 ,!n to rubb+ v>ni%1 ela/ic or quick1 h>d dry+1 z ! size ( ! surface may dictate1 add en\gh ( ,no4 #dj c>m9e to fully /a9 ! liquid1 say #c_/d ( an ounce ( c>m9e to "o full p9t ( v>ni% 7_m fir/-class pa9t]s use #a_/b oz4 c>m9e to #a p9t ( v>ni%71 & apply to ! surface1 be x body or ge>1 ) a s(t badg] or bri/le bru%4 ,= a less exp5sive job1 omit ! coat ( cle> rubb+ v>ni% & apply ! c>m9e directly to ! v]milion4 ,a me?od easi] to c>ry into execution 9 pa9t+ a c>m9e job consi/s 9 add+ a little c>m9e to ! la/ coat ( v]milion color-&-v>ni%4 ,?is coat is rubb$ ) curl$ hair2 !n c>m9e is add$ to v>ni%1 z 9 ! fir/ me?od1 aft] :i* a small quantity ( v]milion is put 9 to give ! mixture opacity or cov]+ p[]4 ,cl\d+ & su* o!r incid5tal imp]fections to be consid]$ 9 connection ) ! "w ( "o n really an exp]t 9 ! manipulation ( glaze colors1 is !reby avoid$4 ,= a d>k] c>m9e1 use a gr\nd ( flam+o r$1 c>m9e r$ 7a solid color71 road-c>t r$1 ,kalli/on r$1 or p]man5t sc>let1 d>k %ade1 ! latt] color requir+ a light v]milion gr\nd4 ,9 apply+ c>m9e to :eels1 x is advisable to fl[ ! :ole :eel at once1 in/ead ( do+ !m 9 sections1 z by ?is practice a clean]1 cle>]1 & m satisfactory job is secur$4 ,= ! ge>1 d ! :ole ( "o end ( x be=e wip+ up1 !n ! f9al end1 f9i%+ ) ! rea* & side b>s1 if !re be side b>s4 ,to obta9 ! real purple & f9e l95 ( c>m9e effects1 ! color-&-v>ni% requires to be fl[$ on freely & quickly1 & promptly slick$ up4 ,pott]+ & sectional pat*+ up invites inf]ior results4 ,! v]milions1 ( :i* !re is at pres5t q a =midable li/1 rang+ f ! gl>+ light %ades to ! gl[+ d>k ones1 all bespeak c>efully prep>$ & durable gr\nds1 if satisfactory we>+ & appe>+ qualities are to be atta9$4 ,v]milions may prop]ly1 x w\ld seem1 be class$ among ! fugitive colors1 & _! ret5tion ( purity ( color is !re=e dep5d5t ^u ! gr\nds employ$ to support !m4 ,z previ\sly /at$1 a pea*-bl[ color =ms a good gr\nd = v]milion4 ,x %\ld be made to dry ) an egg-%ell gloss s z to ov]come ! fad+ prop5sity ( ! v]milion4 ,!n let ! fir/ coat ( v]milion h a decid$ gloss4 ,! f9al coat ( v]milion is plac$ z color-&-v>ni%4 ,l9se$ oil %\ld n be us$ 9 v]milion1 z x d>k5s ! color & de/roys its brilliancy4 ,ditto japan4 ,! l>ge class ( mod]n r$s kn[n "u su* allur+ titles z ,c4 ,p4 r$1 flam+o r$1 brilliant coa* r$1 ,ottoman r$1 ,kalli/on r$1 etc41 are usually appli$ ov] gr\nd colors specially suppli$ by ! manufactur]4 ,) b few exceptions1 su* r$s are us$ 9 ?is way3 ,"o coat ( color1 "o coat ( color-&-v>ni%1 dead1 or lu/reless1 coats be+ c>efully avoid$4 ,indian r$ 9 at lea/ two di/9ct %ades1 pale & deep1 & ,tuscan r$ 9 ?ree %ades are l>gely us$ = runn+ p>ts & panel colors on c]ta9 f9 de siecle pleasure vehicles1 & !y are pa9t$ z solid colors1 "o coat flat color & "o coat color-&-v>ni%4 ,9 wagon pa9t+1 w9e colors 9 half a doz5 %ades are us$4 ,!y also ne$ ! support+ /r5g? ( v /able gr\nds4 ,indian r$ & ,tuscan r$1 ( %ades suit$ to ! %ades ( ! w9e color af=d excell5t gr\nd colors4 ,if ample "t be at ! comm& ( ! pa9t]1 mix ^! gr\nds ) a b9d] ( raw l9se$ oil4 ,= hurri$ "w1 use a b9d] ( v>ni%4 ,among c>riage pa9t]s g5]ally1 ! lakes h nev] be5 class$ z /rictly p]man5t pigm5ts4 ,at ! same "t1 9 ! cre$ ( mod]n c>riage & wagon pa9t+ !y are indisp5sable4 ,( ^? probably ! be/ kn[n 9 ! vehicle pa9t %op1 may be m5tion$ m>oon lake1 ,muni*1 c>riage "p1 p]man5t sc>let1 sc>let1 r$1 ,engli% rose lake1 purple lake1 c>m9e lake1 & crimson lake4 ,m>oon lake is be/ glaz$ ov] a deep ,tuscan r$ gr\nd2 ,muni* lake ov] extra deep ,tuscan r$ or lampblack2 c>riage "p lake ov] ! same gr\nd z ,muni*2 p]man5t sc>let ov] v]milion2 sc>let lake ov] light v]milion2 r$ lake ov] pale ,tuscan r$2 ,engli% rose lake ov] extra deep ,tuscan r$2 purple lake ov] a gr\nd made ( ,tuscan r$ & ,prussian blue4 ,c>m9e lake furni%es _m ( ! gleam+ & beautiful effects ( ,no4 #dj c>m9e :5 us$ ov] su* gr\nds z are be/ adapt$ to g5u9e c>m9e4 ,crimson lake is us$ ov] v]milion gr\nds & furni%es a color ( great w>m? & ri*ness4 ,x is advisable1 :5 p]fect+ ! gr\nd = ! lakes1 to add to ! la/ coat ( gr\nd color "s ( ! lake to be us$ ov] x1 z a mell[+1 ton+ +r$i5t4 ,! non-ela/ic quality ( ! lakes sugge/s ! use ( ela/ic rubb+ v>ni% :5 prep>+ ! lake color-&-v>ni%4 ,?is w imp>t ela/icity & adhesiv5ess4 ,,! ,,yell[s4 ,among ! yell[s are _m delicate %ades :i* require /rong basic color coats to support !m prop]ly4 ,9 ! pa9t+ ( a yell[ surface1 be x ( ! mo/ delicate or ! mo/ p[]ful %ade ( yell[1 ! initial coats ( color may v correctly be :ite4 ,h ! surface smoo? & clean1 & if x be ! runn+ p>ts ( ! vehicle1 & ! prim+ coat is already on1 mix ! keg lead 91 say "o-half raw l9se$ oil & "o-half turp5t9e1 us+ a teaspoonful ( coa* japan to ea* p9t ( ! pa9t4 ,apply ?is coat ) an oval bri/le bru%4 ,:5 dry1 s& (f lightly ) ,no4 #a pap]1 putty ) :ite putty :]ev] necess>y1 do+ ! "w s smoo?ly z to require no s&+1 & !n ) a camel's-hair bru% apply a second coat ( ! :ite conta9+ a /rong b9d] ( oil & ?9n$ to a free work+ consi/5cy ) turps4 ,ov] ?is gr\nd mo/ ( ! yell[s c be br\ght to ! prop] dep? & d5sity ( color ) two coats ( color & "o coat ( color-&-v>ni%4 ,?is = ! runn+ p>ts4 ,^u body surfaces hav+ a r\gh/uff base1 wa% ! keg :ite lead free ( oil ) b5z9e or turps1 add+ a b9d] ( rubb+ v>ni%1 & apply two coats ( ! :ite ) a two-in* camel's-hair bru%1 poli%+ ea* coat ) clean curl$ hair4 ,!n apply ! yell[1 us+ ! f9al coat 9 ! capacity ( color-&-v>ni%4 ,!re is economy ( "t1 labor1 & pigm5t 9 us+ a :ite gr\nd = yell[4 ,moreov]1 ! natural blea*+ prop5sity ( ! yell[s is di/9ctly *eck$ ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( a :ite gr\nd4 ,all colors 9 light %ades ev9ce a natural t5d5cy to d>k5 z !y fade & lose _! orig9al purity ( tone4 ,! :ite gr\nd op]ates to ov]come ?is t5d5cy1 to arre/ ?is deep5+ process1 to hold ! yell[ to its true color2 & x does ?is by reason ( ! fact t x (f]s ! yell[ a :ite base in/ead ( a positive1 ass]tive "o1 to /rike ?r\gh4 ,9 o!r words1 ! yell[1 z x responds to ! process ( dry+1 is influ5c$ by ! light] color b5ea?1 ! "o c\nt]act+ ! o!r4 ,t r5[n$ ,fr5* au?ority on coa* pa9t+1 ,m4 ,arlot1 is ^u record z advis+ prim>y coats ( :ite lead z a base = yell[s4 ,! writ] has p]sonal k ( ! value ( :ite basic coats = ! num]\s family ( colors 9 "q1 & !re=e /rongly advises _! employm5t4 ,primrose1 can>y1 & sulphur yell[ are among ! mo/ fa%ionable ( ! pale yell[s & require c>eful work+ out "u ! bru%4 ,) ! yell[s mu/ be consid]$ yell[ lake4 ,?is is us$ only z a glaze color4 ,put ov] ! solid gre5s1 x gives to !m dep? & ri*ness4 ,plac$ ov] ,brew/] gre51 = example1 x r5d]s a p>ticul>ly elegant effect4 ,put ov] _m ( ! brilliant r$s1 x imp>ts a f9e & exquisite effect4 ,,! ,,br[ns4 ,9 bus9ess vehicle pa9t+1 ! br[ns receive consid]ation4 ,v&yke br[n1 a w>m br[n color incl9+ to a r$di% hue1 c be us$ = "o coat ( color & "o coat ( color-&-v>ni%4 ,if desir$1 a fir/1 or gr\nd1 color c be made ( drop black1 yell[1 & r$4 ,a close imitation ( ?is fam\s br[n c1 9 fact1 be made ( ! ?ree colors j nam$4 ,vi5na br[n1 a ju/ly & widely e/eem$ color = vehicle bodies1 is a w>m1 ri* br[n & requires a gr\nd color ( deep1 ,indian r$4 ,ov] ?is gr\nd apply "o coat ( color & "o ( color-&-v>ni%4 ,?is br[n is obta9able 9 two %ades1 light & deep4 ,london smoke1 a mu* us$ runn+ "p color1 is pa9t$ solid color--"o coat color1 "o coat color-&-v>ni%4 ,burnt ,italian si5na & burnt ,turkey umb] are likewise pa9t$ solid colors4 ,z a :ole1 ! br[ns1 z colors1 are easily appli$ to ! surface & may be class$ z good we>+ colors4 ,,blacks4 ,9 c>riage pa9t+1 ! black surface fairly reigns supreme4 ,at fir/ ?\ght1 ! pa9t+ ( a f9e black surface w\ld seem to involve a v common turn ( trade craft4 ,x involves1 9 ! l>ge/ s5se1 a high grade ( workman%ip1 r ?an a common "o1 ?is pa9t+ ( ! black surface4 ,coa* black gr\nd 9 japan1 9 :i* /ate ! c>riage pa9t] gets x1 %\ld h a b9d] ( v>ni%1 in/ead ( oil1 & %\ld be ?9n$ ) turps s z to spread freely "u a camel's-hair bru% & to flat out to a f9e1 s(t1 velvety texture4 ,easy work+1 )\t bru% m>ks1 is a p>am\nt virtue1 reg>dless ( ! opacity or cov]+ p[] ( ! black4 ,a high grade ivory black is less opaque1 & consequ5tly cov]s less solidly1 coat = coat1 ?an does ! *eap]1 b less lu/r\s1 black4 ,h5ce1 ! cov]+ p[] ( a color c nev] be accept$ z a safe guide to direct ! ?9n+ ( said color4 ,to make ! highe/ quality ( black to cov] z solidly at "o coat z an inf]ior grade ( black at "o coat might1 w\ld necessitate us+ ! be/ black s ?ick z to invite a disa/r\s sweep ( bru% m>ks4 ,m & ?9n] coats ( color1 m9us bru% m>ks1 are pref]able to few] & heavi] coats ) bru% m>ks 9 pl5ty4 ,black color-&-v>ni%1 a popul> coat+ up & surfac+ mat]ial = vehicle bodies & runn+ p>ts1 is be/ us$ ^u all ! light] grade ( bodies by tipp+ !m s t ! side panels at lea/ pres5t a flat1 upturn$ surface1 ! device1 ,fig4 #i1 9 ,*apt] ,i4 ( ?is "w1 be+ us$ effectively = hold+ su* bodies 9 position4 ,! half ela/ic bru%1 flat & *isel po9t$1 is ! mo/ available tool = fl[+ ! color-&-v>ni% on bodies4 ,= apply+ ! black color-&-v>ni% to runn+ p>ts1 ! camel's-hair fl[+ bru% is an easy & f9e work+ tool & is pr9cipally us$ = t purpose 9 _m =emo/ c>riage pa9t %ops4 ,l all color-&-v>ni%1 ! black v>iety %\ld be furni%$ ) a gr\nd free f defects1 & %\ld be us$ simply = ! enri*m5t ( t gr\nd1 to give x dep?1 d5sity1 & an int5se jet black color4 ,su* an a*ievem5t is impossible ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( color coats & cle> rubb+ v>ni% coats1 pure & simple4 ,,:ite4 ,! application ( :ite to a surface & ! developm5t ( a solid :ite job !reby is c]ta9ly "o ( ! highly skill$ features ( ! trade4 ,! mo/ fitt+ ref]5ce to :ite w\ld seem to be be/ made by describ+ ! me?od us$ 9 pa9t+ & f9i%+ a vehicle surface 9 :ite4 ,fir/ clean ! wood ?or\ghly1 remov+ all /a9s1 discolorations1 etc4 ,!n c>efully bru% on a coat ( raw l9se$ oil4 ,seek to h a uni=m film ( ! oil ov] all p>ts ( ! surface4 ,:5 ! surface is ready to recoat1 make sure by a c>eful inspection ( x t all p>ts are suffici5tly well s&pap]$4 ,!n apply a coat ( :ite keg lead mix$ #c_/h oil to #e_/h turps1 ) a teaspoonful ( pale japan add$ to ea* qu>t ( ! mixture4 ,! second coat ( :ite is be/ mix$ )1 say ab\t #c_/af ( oil to #ac_/af ( turps4 ,?is quantity ( oil suffices to give ! :ite a /\t b9d] )\t affect+ ! purity ( ! :ite4 ,putty+ & :atev] putty glaz+ is necess>y %\ld be done on ! fir/ coat ( :ite4 ,make ! putty ( dry :ite lead mix$ to ! prop] consi/5cy 9 v pale rubb+ v>ni%1 #a "p2 gold size japan1 #b p>ts4 ,= /opp+ holes1 ! putty ne$s to be a good bit /iff] ?an :5 us$ = ! g5]al run ( disfigurem5ts2 = glaz+1 ?9 to ! desir$ consi/5cy ) turps4 ,s&pap] lightly & !n mix ,flor5ce1 flake1 or cremnitz :ite to a consi/5cy t w r5d] ! color free work+ "u a half ela/ic1 s(t bri/le bru%1 us+ turps = ! ?9n]1 & h>d dry+ f9i%+ v>ni% = ! b9d]4 ,apply two coats ( ?is color1 tak+ due c>e to h ! color laid smoo? & free f bru% m>ks4 ,!n take ! h>d dry+ f9i%+ v>ni% & add to x en\gh ( ! :ite to kill ! yell[i% amb] color ( ! v>ni%1 & fl[ on a full1 free1 uni=m coat4 ,:5 dry1 rub ) pulv]iz$ pumice /one & wat]1 clean up ?or\ghly1 & apply a second coat ( ! color-&-v>ni%4 ,rub & clean up z be=e1 & apply a ?ird coat4 ,?is coat w probably suffice to furni% a solid & pure :ite surface1 f9e & smoo?1 & ( becom+ lu/re4 ,if ! job is to g ) a full v>ni% gloss1 & /rip+ or o!r ornam5t+ is desir$1 x c be done on ?is f9i%+ coat1 & p5cil v>ni%$4 ,9 case gold1 silv]1 alum9um1 or o!r leaf is us$ 9 ornam5t+1 ! f9i% %\ld1 pref]ably1 be done 9 a simple gloss or flat1 z x w be f\nd extremely difficult to successfully apply leaf ov] a f9i%$ surface ( high lu/re4 ,if ! f9i% is to be gloss or flat1 give ! la/ coat ( v>ni% adequate "t to dry h>d1 say t5 days at lea/1 & !n fir/ rub ) pumice /one & wat]1 wa% & dry up c>efully1 aft] :i* rub ) rott5 /one & sweet oil1 us+ a piece ( *amois sk9 = ! rubb+ pad4 ,9 rubb+1 avoid heat+ ! v>ni%1 o!rwise a r\gh5$1 %r$d$ surface w result4 ,= clean+ up ! oil & rott5 /one1 du/ :eat fl\r or pulv]iz$ slipp]y elm ov] ! surface1 flick (f ) a s(t du/]1 & wipe dry ) a clean piece ( silk4 ,9 ! pa9t+ & f9i%+ ( a :ite surface1 ! subjo9$ rules hold good3 ,avoid us+ ! color too ?ick4 ,?9n] coats & m ( !m are be/4 ,aft] ! fir/1 or prim+1 coat1 use z sp>+ly ( oil z possible4 ,oil produces yell[+ ( ! :ite4 ,ab/a9 f ! use ( z9c :ite or dam> v>ni% altoge!r4 ,!y are alike %ifty & unreliable z appli$ to ! processes ( c>riage & wagon pa9t+4 ,c>e %\ld be obs]v$ to keep ! surface flawless & p]fectly clean4 ,to ?is end1 clean ap>tm5ts1 clean bru%es1 *amois sk9s1 sponges1 etc41 may be class$ z imp]ative necessities4 ,! ,flor5ce1 flake1 or cremnitz :ite above recomm5d$ %\ld be us$ 9 ! pa9t+ ( all fir/-class :ite surfaces4 ,ord9>y :ite lead is advis$ only :5 ! *eap] grade ( :ite surfaces is desir$4 ,if broad1 flat surfaces are to be pa9t$ & a /rictly fir/-class job is dem&$1 a r\gh/uff w be necess>y4 ,=mulas = r\gh/uff or :ite fill] are z foll[s3 ,=mula ,no4 #a4--;,dry :ite lead1 #b_/c2 :it+1 #a_/c4 ,liquids1 pale rubb+ v>ni%1 #a_/c2 turp5t9e1 #b_/c2 gold size japan1 #a_/b gill4 ,=mula ,no4 #b4--;,dry :ite lead1 #a "p2 pulv]iz$ soap/one1 #b p>ts2 pulv]iz$ pumice /one1 #a "p4 ,liquids1 rubb+ v>ni%1 #a "p2 turp5t9e1 #a "p2 tablespoonful ( gold size japan to ea* qu>t ( ! fill] :5 mix$4 ,=mula ,no4 #c4--;,dry :ite lead mix$ to a ?ick pa/e 9 #a_/c pale rubb+ v>ni% & #b_/c gold size japan4 ,r$uce to a bru%+ consi/5cy ) turps4 ,apply "o coat ( ei!r ( ! above fill]s p] day & regulate ! numb] ( coats to suit ! condition ( ! surface4 ,to ! f9al coat add a little lemon yell[ z a guide 9 rubb+ out4 ,a da% ( pulv]iz$ pumice /one may also be giv5 ! '/uff 7especially t made by ! ?ird =mula7 to make x surface free & cle> "u ! rubb+ /one4 ,9 rubb+ out1 et]nal vigilance & pl5ty ( c>e & caution are factors ( ! utmo/ importance1 if scrat*+ & disfigur+ ! surface w\ld be avoid$4 ,!n ov] ?is rubb$ surface apply flat coats ( ! :ite1 re9=c$ ) a b9d] ( h>d dry+ v>ni%1 foll[+ ) color-&-v>ni% & o!r f9i%+ processes z above direct$4 ,:ile r\gh/uff mu/ cont9ue to be recogniz$ z a necessity 9 ! developm5t ( :ite surfaces ( c]ta9 grades1 sizes1 & =ms1 ! pa9t]1 9 s f> z possible1 may well decide to disc>d its employm5t solely ow+ to a lack ( durability z comp>$ to ! regulation me?od ( build+ up ) color & color-&-v>ni% coats to a solid & firmly-weld$ f9i%4 ,!re is ano!r me?od ( pa9t+ :ite practic$ by _m fir/-class pa9t]s1 :i* 0 fir/ publi%$ 9 ,v>ni% & writt5 by t reliable & exp]i5c$ au?ority1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,g4 ,cam]on4 ,x consi/s ( prim+ ! wood ) ! be/ :ite lead1 mix$ ) z mu* oil z ! wood w absorb1 & turp5t9e4 ,?is is giv5 five days 9 :i* to dry4 ,!n :ite lead is made up to dry ) a gloss1 & two coats ( ! mixture is giv51 ) an int]val ( "o day betwe5 coats4 ,! surface is !n putti$ ) a putty made ( :ite keg lead1 dry :ite lead & :it+1 equal p>ts by bulk1 & japan4 ,! putty us$ = knif+ 9 is made s(t] ?an t us$ = /opp+ holes & cavities4 ,! putty is giv5 "o day to h>d54 ,!n a fill+ compos$ ( keg lead1 #a "p2 :it+1 #a "p2 fl\r ( pumice /one1 #a_/e "p2 made into a /iff glaz+ pigm5t ) japan & a small p]c5tage ( turp5t9e1 is bru%$ ov] ! surface1 a second workman foll[+ ) a broad putty knife & skillfully remov+ ! sup]flu\s fill]4 ,?is glaz+ is int5d$ only = panels & flat "w g5]ally4 ,p]mit ?is fill+ to dry =ty-eight h\rs4 ,x is !n rubb$ lightly ) pumice /one4 ,mold+s & c>v$ "w are s&pap]$4 ,next1 to #e lbs4 ( :ite keg lead1 highe/ quality1 #a_/b p9t ( good we>+ body v>ni% t dries quickly & reliably is add$4 ,! mass is !n ?9n$ ) turps & /ra9$4 ,?is dries to a little m ?an an egg-%ell gloss4 ,five coats ( ?is color are appli$ on five consecutive days1 no rubb+ or s&pap]+ be+ done betwe5 coats4 ,?is f\ndation ( :ite is giv5 a week1 to h>d51 aft] :i* x is ?or\ghly rubb$ d[n ) ab\t ,no4 #a-a_/b pulv]iz$ pumice /one4 ,x is !n all[$ to /& two days be=e be+ poli%$ & clean$ up ) fl\r ( pumice /one4 ,a coat ( high grade & practically colorless f9i%+ v>ni% 7n[ procurable ( ! lead+ v>ni% mak]s7 is n[ fl[$ on & ! "w is complete4 ,! color = ! five coats is made up at "o "t1 s t x dries & h>d5s equally & uni=mly ?r\gh\t4 ,mr4 ,cam]on v\*es = ! durability1 fullness1 & solidity ( a :ite surface pa9t$ by ?is me?od1 hav+ employ$ x 9 pa9t+ hundr$s ( /reet c>s1 9 addition to a great _m he>ses1 deliv]y wagons1 etc4 ,x is a well-kn[n practical fact t a fir/-class f9i%+ v>ni% & :ite lead c>efully mix$ solidifies amaz+ly ?r\gh\t4 ,& ! "o coat ( v pale or colorless f9i%+ v>ni% ov] all produces ! effect ( a high grade f9i%4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,apply+ ,,rubb+ ,,v>ni%--,,surfac+ ,,v>ni%--,,c>e ,,( ,,! ,,f9i%+ ,,room ,,wa%+ ,,! ,,rubb$ ,,surfaces--,,fl[+ ,,! ,,f9i%+ ,,coat4 ,"o well-kn[n v>ni% mak] has said t ! m>vel\s ?+ ab\t c>riage v>ni% is t x mu/ be "o g>m5t suit$ to all k9ds ( wea!r4 ,z a mat]ial de/9$ to %9e 9 ! public eye1 its prop] manipulation & treatm5t is manife/ly ( ! fir/ importance to ! c>riage pa9t]4 ,no o!r mat]ial ) :i* ! pa9t] has to d is s s5sitive to ! robu/ v>iety ( influ5ces con/antly attack+ x z v>ni%4 ,! virtues ( a fir/-class v>ni% :i* add to its durability1 increase its brilliancy1 & 9 o!r ways enhance ! beauty ( a surface ov] :i* x is us$ are ! ones t imp>t to x a peculi> s5sitiv5ess *>act]i/ic ( no o!r mat]ial4 ,briefly1 !n1 we may sum up ! task ( apply+ & manipulat+ v>ni% ^u a c>riage surface z a delicate job4 ,a workman ( f9e notions1 intellig5t1 pa9/ak+ & highly skill$ 9 ! h&l+ ( ! prop] tools1 is ! only successful v>ni%]4 ,su* a workman is requir$ to get all t is true & f9e & la/+ & lovely out ( ! employm5t ( v>ni%4 ,9 ! v>ni%+ ( a vehicle ! fir/ k9d ( v>ni% we are requir$ to use is rubb+ v>ni%4 ,! duty ( putt+ on rubb+ v>ni% is less difficult1 practically consid]$1 ?an t ( fl[+ ! f9i%+ coat1 b rubb+ v>ni% bespeaks deft & skillful h&l+4 ,! fir/ coat ( rubb+ dem&s to be appli$ q z precisely1 & ) ! same ?or\ghness z to details1 z w\ld m>k ! application ( any ( ! lat] coats4 ,9 ! application ( ! fir/ & second rubb+ coats to body surfaces1 ! bodies1 :5 ( a build to p]mit ( ! practice1 %\ld be tipp$ s z to (f] a flat1 upturn$ surface1 a device = hold+ ! bodies 9 ?is position hav+ be5 illu/rat$ 9 ,*apt] ,i4 ,full] & f9] rubb+ coats may be fl[$ on :5 ! bodies are tipp$4 ,tipp+ ( all ! light] =ms ( vehicle bodies is practic$ 9 lead+ %ops :5 apply+ ! fir/ & second rubb+ coats4 ,! writ]1 !re=e1 advises obs]vance ( ! practice 9 ev5 ! smalle/ ( %ops4 ,!re is less *ance = bru%m>ks & o!r defects manife/+ !mselves4 ,) ! heavily fl[$ on rubb+ coats1 ! r\nd1 full surface :i* di/+ui%es ! product ( ! be/ v>ni% rooms is obta9$ at a less exp5diture ( "t & labor1 ?an :5 ! ?9n] coats are employ$4 ,i w\ld sugge/ ! full1 heavy rubb+ coat z ! mo/ effective aid 9 avoid+ bru%m>ks & 9 dr[n+ out ! du/ motes & floccul5t matt] to be not$ z "p & p>cel ( ! skimpy bru%$ on coat ( v>ni%4 ,! mod]n e?ics ( c>riage pa9t+ affirms ! excell5ce ( heavy rubb+ coats ( v>ni% z ! mo/ endur+ base = heavy f9i%+ coats4 ,! f9al rubb+ coat may be/ be appli$ ) ! vehicle body occupy+ its natural position or1 r1 ! position x is to occupy :5 ! coat ( f9i%+ goes on4 ,?is is ! coat t is dep5d$ ^u to reflect ! outl9e & r\nd out ! fullness ( ! f9i%+ v>ni%4 ,! necessity ( its be+ p]fect 9 all ! respects t x is possible to make a rubb+ coat ( v>ni%1 is1 !re=e1 app>5t4 ,! fact t v>ni% goes on pretty ne>ly ev]y?+1 bright5s x1 keeps x clean & cleanable1 cov]s x1 takes ! we>1 prolongs its life1 & increases its beauty & usefulness1 furni%es ! c>riage pa9t] ) a sub/antial reason = insi/+ ^u hav+ 8 rubb+ coats1 f fir/ to la/1 deftly plac$ & %rewdly balanc$4 ,,! ,,surfac+ ,,( ,,rubb+ ,,v>ni%4 ,:5 a rubb+ v>ni% has be5 giv5 ! full limit ( "t recomm5d$ by ! manufactur] 9 :i* to h>d51 surfac+ %\ld ensue4 ,to p]mit su* v>ni% to rema9 unprotect$ f ! atmosph]ic impurities common to ! av]age pa9t %op may be accept$ z an actual detrim5t to ! durability ( ! surface4 ,! gums us$ 9 rubb+ v>ni% & :i* unite to give x a surfac+ prop]ty r5d] ! v>ni% :5 spread ^u a surface peculi>ly susceptible to ! attacks ( all =ms ( impurities4 ,h5ce ! necessity ( surfac+ ! rubb+ coats z soon z !y h be5 giv5 adequate "t to h>d54 ,! support+ /r5g? & ability ( su* coats are !reby promot$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,v>ni% ,,/&4 ,z us$ 9 "s factory %ops4 ,to surface v>ni% correctly & at ! m9imum outlay ( "t1 x is ne$ful t a s]viceable equipm5t ( tools be furni%$ ! workman4 ,?is %\ld consi/ ( at lea/ two good pails 7galvaniz$ iron pails are probably ! mo/ economical71 half doz5 good1 s(t sponges1 a wat] tool1 & a few fir/-class *amois sk9s1 9 addition to pl5ty ( rubb+ pads4 ,rubb+ pads are (t5 %op made f wa/e cutt+s ( broadclo? or felt1 ! /rips be+ roll$ into cyl9drical =m or fa/5$ ar\nd blocks ( wood4 ,h[ev]1 ! mo/ effective rubb+ pads are procurable direct f ! manufactur]s & come 9 ! =m ( ?ick p]=at$ pads1 runn+ 9 ?ickness f #c_/h to #a in*1 & 9 size f #bc in*es to #cd in*es4 ,^! p]=at$ pads s]ve to free ! surface f t "p ( ! pulv]iz$ pumice /one :i*1 dur+ ! process ( rubb+1 has become in]t & a h9drance to ! level+ ef=ts ( ! workman4 ,9 surfac+1 pulv]iz$ pumice /one ( ! #j or #jj grade ( f95ess is be/4 ,! wat] supply is an important factor 9 v>ni% surfac+1 s(t wat] be+ a highly-valu$ ess5tial4 ,a surface cleans up bett] ) s(t wat] ?an :5 ! wat] us$ is h>d4 ,if pl5ty ( s(t wat] is n =?com+1 add a little soda to ! wat]1 say a teaspoonful ( soda to an ord9>y pail ( wat]4 ,?is w r$uce ! h>%ness ( ! wat]4 ,! actual "w ( rubb+ or surfac+ v>ni% may be class$ z an art4 ,! fir/ class v>ni% rubb] is really an accompli%$ me*anic4 ,be=e beg9n+ to rub a surface1 fir/ r9se x (f ) clean wat]4 ,?is by way ( a precaution4 ,!n dip ! rubb+ pad fir/ lightly into ! wat] to moi/5 x1 & !n into ! pumice /one1 ?us c>ry+ x to ! surface :]e ) light pressur$ sweeps x may be spread ov] a c]ta9 "p ( ! surface4 ,rub lightly at fir/1 gradually increas+ ! pressure until ! necess>y =ce is rea*$4 ,fir/ rub ! outside edges ( a panel & ! m\ld+s1 if any1 f9i%+ up ! c5tral "p la/4 ,x w be f\nd easi] to get ! c5t] ( a panel1 or ( a giv5 portion ( a surface1 rubb$ suffici5tly ?an to get ! out] edges ( x done4 ,if a l>ge surface is be+ rubb$1 fir/ rub a c]ta9 space = a "t & !n %ift to a new space1 ?us avoid+ ! possibility ( unduly heat+ ! surface4 ,alt]nate betwe5 ! two spaces until ! desir$ r$uction ( ! surface has be5 rea*$4 ,^u surfaces :i* admit ( c>ry+ ! rubb+ /rokes to ! extreme end ( ! panel1 ! rubb+ /rokes be+ always direct$ l5g?wise ( ! panel1 d n cross rub at ! ends4 ,cross rubb+ at panel ends is inv>iably %unn$ by fir/-class factory v>ni% rubb]s1 & ^! speciali/s are des]v$ly class$ z arti/s 9 _! l9e4 ,= example1 ^u piano box bodies ! /rokes are c>ri$ q to ! end ( ! panel1 ) no cross bru%+ tol]at$4 ,fir/ coat+s ( v>ni% d n invite v close surfac+4 ,! second coat p]mits1 & %\ld receive1 ! solid & close surfac+4 ,! f9al rubb+ coat %\ld prop]ly require only a mod]ate degree ( surfac+ to make x fit to hold out ! f9i%+ coat ) becom+ comel9ess4 ,avoid us+ too mu* pumice /one1 too mu* wat]1 or too mu* pressure on ! pad2 9 a ^w1 avoid excesses4 ,pumice /one & wat] %\ld n be all[$ to dry ^u ! surface4 ,x is a haz>d\s practice4 ,h pl5ty ( clean wat] at h& & wa% ! surface up tidily z fa/ z ! rubb+ proce$s4 ,adh]e to uni=mity & ?or\ghness 9 surfac+4 ,! surface rubb$ m closely 9 "s places ?an 9 o!rs1 & n rubb$ suffici5tly ?or\gh z to corn]s1 bord] spaces1 etc41 be>s ! unmi/akable impr9t ( ! bungl]'s rude h&4 ,probably ?is rule ( uni=mity & ?or\ghness is ! mo/ difficult = ! beg9n] to acquire4 ,x really cov]s ne>ly ! :ole range ( ! art ( f9e surfac+4 ,:5 "o has ma/]$ ! feat ( rubb+ a surface to ! same uni=m dep? ( film1 miss+ nev] a mode/ slip on mold+1 ar\nd bolt head1 or o!r easily ov]look$ space1 he has e>n$ ! "r to /rive = ! exp]t's rank4 ,illu/ration3 ,,v>ni% ,,/& ,,no4 #b4 ,/&>d #a_/b-;in* iron1 ?ree-prong$ & %>p5$4 #bf to #bh in*es high4 ,quickly made by any blacksmi?4 ,top ( /& #ajaj in*es4 ,! surface once rubb$1 wa%+ up mu/ ne$s foll[4 ,! workman _c be too greatly impress$ ) ! importance ( ?is bran* ( ! "w4 ,?or\gh wa%+ mu/ necess>ily accompany ?or\gh rubb+2 o!rwise1 ! ef=ts ( ! rubb] g = naught4 ,to insure clean wa%+ ( ! surface1 clean tools mu/ be ma9ta9$4 ,! *amois sk9s1 sponges1 wa% bru%es1 etc41 require /orage 9 "s du/-pro( receptacle4 ,?is may be 9 ! =m ( a cupbo>d or small closet1 or a bag made ( light rubb] clo? & provid$ ) a %irr+ /r+4 ,wa% ^! articles (t5 9 soap & wat]1 r9s+ c>efully 9 clean wat] aft] apply+ & rubb+ 9 ! soap4 ,?is me?od w aid to keep !m clean4 ,) clean pails1 clean wat]1 & clean wa%+ & dry+ tools1 ! task ( wa%+ a surface prep>atory to v>ni%+ is depriv$ ( _m ( its m5ac+ features4 ,! f9al wa%+ up %\ld1 9 e in/ance1 be p]=m$ ) a pail1 bru%1 *amois sk91 & sponge kept expressly = t purpose & us$ = no o!r4 ,always keep 9 /ore a sponge & *amois sk9 to be us$ especially = wa%+ & dry+ out ! inside ( vehicle bodies4 ,ano!r set1 sep>ate & indep5d5t ( ! o!rs1 %\ld be devot$ solely to wa%+ & dry+ up vehicle runn+ p>ts = ! v>ni%]4 ,9 clean+ up a c>riage body = v>ni%+1 fir/ wa% out ! inside surface1 tool+ out all ! corn]s1 etc41 ) ! wat] tool4 ,!n apply pl5ty ( wat] to ! outside1 wa%+ ! sill & bord] ( ! "u surface ( ! body fully z free & clean z ! m expos$ p>ts4 ,?or\ghly tool ar\nd all bolt-heads or o!r p>ts :i* (f] a lodgm5t = atoms ( pumice /one4 ,aft] tool+ ab\t su* surface fixtures1 foll[ imm$iately ) a sponge well load$ ) wat]1 ?us flood+ out ! loos5$ accumulations ( gritty matt]4 ,! body be+ f9ally wa%$ clean1 top1 bottom1 inside1 & out1 dry up c>efully ) ! *amois sk91 & !n at once set away 9 t sacr$ place1 ! v>ni% room4 ,to summ>ize ! features ( surfac+ v>ni%1 note3 ,fir/4 ,use roll or block$ broadclo? or felt rubb+ pads4 ,second4 ,direct ! rubb+ /rokes all 9 "o direction1 & l5g?wise ( ! panel4 ,?ird4 ,avoid excessive use ( pumice /one or wat]1 & indulge 9 n too heavily appli$ pressure ( ! rubb+ clo?4 ,mod]ate pressure1 uni=mly su/a9$1 is ! correct practice4 ,f\r?4 ,ma9ta9 con/antly1 & at all times1 a conspicu\sly clean wa%+ up kit2 & 9 wa%+ ! surface d n /op %ort ( hav+ x unmi/akably & %9+ly clean4 ,!reby hangs ! tale ( f9e v>ni%+ made easy4 ,if jobs are rubb$ out ( v>ni% & all[$ to /& ov] night be=e be+ v>ni%$1 a f9al light rubb+ %\ld be giv5 ! surface j previ\s to apply+ ! v>ni%4 ,a surface :5 rubb$ & /ood aside = a %ort "t takes on a scum :i*1 if n remov$1 is fatal to good v>ni%-room results4 ,?is scum is said to be caus$ by ! oxidation ( ! float+ matt]1 f ! oxide conta9$ 9 x & ! oxyg5 9 ! atmosph]e4 ,! scum acts 9 ! nature ( a deadly blight ^u ! v>ni% appli$ directly ^u x1 begett+ _m ( :at are commonly kn[n z ! depravities ( v>ni%4 ,rott5 /one appli$ & rubb$ "u a piece ( c>riage head-l9+ broadclo? makes an excell5t poli% to remove all scum f ! surface4 ,,fl[+ ,,! ,,f9i%+ ,,coats4 ,to accompli% high grade f9i%+1 c]ta9 v>ni% room conditions mu/ prevail4 ,! v>ni% room mu/ h pl5ty ( light1 v5tilation1 w>m?1 & dryness ( atmosph]e4 ,cleanl9ess mu/ ab\nd2--p]sonal cleanl9ess1 room cleanl9ess1 & cleanl9ess ( /ock & tool equipm5t4 ,v5tilation & light h already be5 allud$ to4 ,to sweep ! v>ni% room floor1 fir/ pr(usely spr9kle ) well damp5$ sawdu/1 & beg9n+ at "o side sweep 9 a w9dr[4 ,d n use mu* wat] ^u ! v>ni% room floor1 unless x %\ld *ance to be a p]fectly tight floor & fit to be mopp$ out occasionally4 ,!n ! mopp+ out %\ld occur ^u days :5 !re is to be no v>ni%+ done 9 ! dep>tm5t4 ,a !rmomet] to regi/] ! heat & a hygromet] to regi/] ! humidity %\ld be insep>able inmates ( ! v>ni% room4 ,a cupbo>d set 9 ev5 ) ! wall or p>tition ( ! room %\ld conta9 clean cups1 /ra9]1 du/]s1 along ) ! bru%es 9 _! air-tight keep]s4 ,ma9ta9 a uni=m temp]ature ( f #ge to #hj ,fahr4 ,insi/ ^u ! surfaces & ! v>ni% to be appli$ to !m be+ ( ! same degree ( temp]ature4 ,9 ?is way only w v>ni% "w at its be/4 ,remove ! /opp] f ! v>ni% c a %ort "t prior to beg9n+ to v>ni%4 ,?is all[s = ! escape ( c]ta9 gases g5]at$ 9 ! v>ni% c4 ,al?\gh ! v>ni% mak] may decl>e 8 v>ni%es d n ne$ /ra9+ x is really ! saf] rule to /ra9 all ! f9i%+ v>ni% be=e us+4 ,a majority ( f9i%]s 9 our be/ %ops p]si/ 9 ! practice4 ,pat5t /ra9]s are n[ on ! m>ket adopt$ = ?is v purpose4 ,*eese clo?1 cut 9 squ>es & drawn ov] funnel-%ap$ t9s1 s]ves z *eap & quickly arrang$ /ra9]s4 ,be ?or\gh & pa9/ak+ 9 du/+4 ,aft] ! fir/ du/+ g ov] ! surface ) a piece ( silk4 ,next1 give all spots rubb$ ?r\gh1 or :i* promise to %[ badly "u ! v>ni%1 a da% ( color1 imm$iately slick+ ^! color pat*es ov] ) a small piece ( cotton rag4 ,n[ v>ni% ! inside ( ! body1 hav+ previ\sly1 ( c\rse1 rubb$ or moss$ (f ?is "p ( ! job1 z ! desir$ quality ( ! f9i% may dictate1 & du/$ x c>efully4 ,! inside surface be+ f9i%$1 aga9 du/ ! outside surface4 ,!n = ! f9al du/+ take a r\nd or oval du/]1 kept expressly = ! purpose1 &1 moi/5+ ! holl[ ( ! left h& ) a little f9i%+ v>ni%1 flick ! po9t ( ! du/] ov] ?is to furni% x ) a du/ attraction prop]ty1 aft] :i* proce$ at once to du/ c>efully ! surface to be v>ni%$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,!rmomet]--,! v>ni% room wat* dog4 ,! surface n[ be+ ready to f9i%1 remove ! bru%es f ! keep]1 fill ! v>ni% cup "o-?ird full ( ! /ra9$ v>ni%1 & foll[ ?is modus op]&i1 assum+1 = example1 ! job to be ( ! piano box patt]n3 ,) ! #a-;in* badg] hair bru% lay ! v>ni% along ! bottom ( ! ma9 panel1 !n across bo? ends1 & la/ly1 along ! top1 tak+ 9 ! seat ris] :ile fl[+ ! top edge4 ,!n ) ! #b-a_/b-;in* bru% fl[1 n bru%1 ! v>ni% ov] ! ma9 surface space4 ,hold ! bru%1 9 fl[+1 r flat4 ,keep x well *>g$ ) v>ni%1 & pass x lightly & ) a /eady /roke f "o end ( ! panel to ! o!r1 apply+ & lay+ (f ) horizontal /rokes ( ! bru%4 ,f ! bru% held & direct$ 9 ?is way ! v>ni% fl[s full & ri* ^u ! surface1 ! di/ribution be+ m ev5 & uni=m1 & less cross bru%+ becom+1 !re=e1 assur$4 ,:5 ! f9i%+ bru% is held at a /eep angle1 or 9 su* a way t ! po9ts ( ! bri/les are =c$ to ma9ly d ! "w1 ! v>ni% is :ipp$ into motion to a h>mful ext5t1 requir+ !reby m manipulation ) ! bru% to get x ev5ly plac$1 & consequ5tly de/roy+ "s ( its natural fullness & brilliancy4 ,! *ief aim ( ! c>riage f9i%] is to s fir/ fl[ 8 v>ni% t ! m9imum outlay ( cross bru%+ & dress+ up w suffice1 to ! end t ! v>ni% may be di/urb$ z little z possible1 ?us secur+ t dep? ( lu/re & mirror-l effects s greatly *]i%$ by all fir/-class f9i%]s4 ,9 v>ni%+ piano /yle bodies & surfaces ( close ki? & k9 to su*1 fl[ at lea/ "o side & an end be=e cross bru%+ & lay+ (f4 ,! v>ni%1 by ?is me?od1 is giv5 "t to take on a bit ( tack1 z x 71 & 9 cross bru%+ a less quantity is remov$ ?an w\ld be ! case if cross bru%+ 7 to foll[ directly ^u completion ( fl[+ ! panel4 ,aft] cross bru%+ & lay+ (f1 cat* up ! edges & all o!r places :]e ! v>ni% is liable to />t into a run or an ov]fl[4 ,9 v>ni%+ surreys1 phaetons1 & jobs ( t ord]1 & l>g]1 ! v>ni%] %\ld det]m9e ! am\nt ( space he may fl[ be=e return+ to cross bru%1 by ! work+ qualities ( 8 v>ni%1 room temp]ature1 & ! prevail+ circum/ance at ! "t ( v>ni%+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,v>ni% ,,/ra9]4 ,publi%$ by p]mission ( ,! ,c>riage ,mon?ly4 ,aft] cross bru%+1 g ov] ! panel b once 9 lay+ (f4 ,z be=e /at$1 & z exp]t c>riage f9i%]s ev]y:]e w ass]t1 ! less bru%+ & di/urb+ ( v>ni%1 once x is fl[$ on ! surface1 ! f9] ! body & brilliancy ( ! f9i%4 ,to become an exp]t body f9i%] ! workman %\ld possess v>ni% intellig5ce4 ,he %\ld "k h[ to keep cool2 be an absolute /rang] to v>ni% fright1 nev] lack+ = confid5ce or ability to successfully meet & ma/] em]g5cies z !y arise4 ,! art ( v>ni%+ _c be acquir$ 9 a day1 or an h\r1 or simply by a /udi\s p]usal ( c>efully word$ directions4 ,^! s]ve z a work+ draft1 b mu/ be supplem5t$ by long-cont9u$ practice1 &1 9 case ( c>riage body f9i%+1 c\pl$ ) a natural aptitude = ! "w4 ,,v>ni%+ ,,runn+ ,,p>ts4 ,! runn+ p>ts ( a vehicle hav+ r\nd$ surfaces are m easily made to %9e f9e & mirror-l ?an are ! body surfaces4 ,h[ev]1 ! v>ni%+ ( runn+ p>ts may rightfully be class$ a highly skill$ op]ation4 ,wa%+ up & clean+ ! runn+ p>ts prep>atory to v>ni%+ is a difficult task4 ,ar\nd clips1 bolt heads1 axle ties1 etc41 pumice /one & dirt accumulations cl+ t5aci\sly1 & ?or\gh tool+ ) ! wa% bru% & pl5ty ( wat] is ne$$ to fit su* p>ts = v>ni%+4 ,aft] wa%+1 & once du/+ ov] ! runn+ p>ts1 t\* ) color all rea*es ( surface requir+ x4 ,:5 color pat*es are dry take a second du/]1 kept = ?is "o du/+ only1 flip x lightly ov] ! v>ni%-moi/5$ left palm1 & g ov] ! surface c>efully4 ,if a p>ticul>ly f9e job1 pass ov] ! surface ) ! palms ( ! h&s1 hav+ previ\sly giv5 !m a slight wett+ ) ! f9i%+ v>ni%4 ,?is me?od illu/rates ! p[] ( magnetic influ5ce1 & cat*es up flotillas ( du/ motes :i* ! du/] w\ld possibly di/urb1 b n remove4 ,9 f9i%+ ! ge> beg9 at ! front axle & proce$ to fl[ ! :ole front end be=e wip+ up4 ,?is gives ! v>ni% a *ance to take its position on ! surface1 & ! wip+ up s]ves to level out ! inequalities & remove ! surplus4 ,aft] ! front1 ! re>1 !n ! rea*1 & la/ ! side b>s1 if any4 ,a bru% %\ld be kept solely to wipe up ! und]side ( axles1 head blocks1 spr+ b>s1 side b>s1 etc4 ,9 _m factory %ops ! f9i%]s wipe su* p>ts ) ! palm ( _! h&4 ,! v>ni% dripp+s are ?us caught by ! h& & di/ribut$ 9 ! =m ( a glaze to ! p>ts 9 "q4 ,9 v>ni%+ :eels1 :i* are always includ$ 9 ! t]m runn+ p>ts1 slip ! :eel ^u ! revolv+ jack &1 /&+ ) ! left side ne>e/ ! :eel & p>tly fac+ x1 beg9 by fl[+ ! sides & face ( ! spokes1 rea*+ ! bru% well ov] to ! back surface ( ! spokes4 ,!n fl[ front ( hub4 ,next ! inside & face ( ! felloe4 ,n[ :irl ! :eel s t its re> surface takes ! place ( ! front4 ,cat* up & close 9 ) v>ni% all /rips on ! re> surface ( spokes n fl[$ :5 ! sides 7 done4 ,!n fl[ re> ( hub1 & la/ly1 ! back surface ( felloe4 ,rev]se position ( :eel1 slick up all places ne$+ x1 & set away on a second :eel jack1 giv+ ! :eel a %>p sp9 to bett] hold ! fl[$-on v>ni% 9 place4 ,f\r :eel jacks are necess>y to fl[ :eels prop]ly4 ,!n1 :5 ! f\r? jack is occupi$1 ! :eel fir/ done1 hav+ be5 giv5 a good sp9n+ & at lea/ ?ree half turns1 may be set away 9 ! rack1 subject to no dang] f runs or sags4 ,:5 apply+ rubb+ v>ni% x is advisable to fl[ n m ?an six or eight spokes be=e wip+ up4 ,ab\t ?is proportion ( surface = fl[+ & !n wip+ up %\ld control 9 apply+ rubb+ v>ni% to runn+ p>ts4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,depravities ,,( ,,v>ni%3 ,,gra9+ ,,out--,,crack+--,,sweat+--,,dead5+1 ,,etc4--,,pitt+--,,enamel+1 ,,etc4--,,se$y ,,or ,,specky--,,crawl+--,,wr9kl+1 ,,etc4--,,runs1 ,,sags1 ,,etc4--,,ridg+1 ,,etc4--,,p]i%+--,,*ipp+--,,fire ,,*ecks--,,gre5+--,,bloom+--,,bli/]s--,, spott+1 ,,etc41 ,,etc4 ,,gra9+ ,,out4 ,! peculi> gra9 %[+ a condition ( ! surface :i* manife/s itself aft] ! job is f9i%$ arises f c]ta9 incompet5t practices obs]v$ along 9 ! e>ly /ages ( pa9t+1 or f ! use ( wood n adapt$ to ! ne$s ( vehicle con/ruction1 z1 = example1 sappy or unseason$ wood4 ,x is a pr9ciple ( f9e surfac+1 sub/antiat$ by exp]i5ce1 t :5 a c>riage body has be5 p]fectly smoo!d & level$ by ! woodwork]1 x %\ld be giv5 a few h\rs1 say f\r or five1 be=e prim+4 ,?is delay is to give ! wood1 subject$ to unusual pressure dur+ ! surfac+ process1 an opportunity to exp& & %ape itself into a normal con=mation4 ,^u high grade "w x w\ld be a good practice to fir/ level ?or\ghly & set away 9 an unque/ionably dry atmosph]e = a few h\rs1 & !n h ! woodwork] apply a second s&pap]+4 ,!n aft] ano!r int]val ( a few h\rs1 prime ?or\ghly inside & out1 top & bottom2 9 fact1 :]ev] moi/ure might possibly f9d an entrance4 ,gra9+ out may come f prim+ too closely ^u ! completion ( ! woodwork]'s level+ process2 or x may come f ! dry wood hav+ be5 expos$1 aft] ! surfac+ process1 to a spell ( damp wea!r4 ,! dry1 por\s timb] absorbs en\gh wetness to raise ! gra9 to su* an ext5t t no?+ %ort ( a resurfac+ w re/ore x to its normal smoo? & p]fect condition aga94 ,?is wood1 ) its erect fibres or gra9 fairly visible to ! eye ^u a casual exam9ation1 if pa9t$ ov] & f9i%$1 dries out 9 "t1 & 9 do+ s responds to ! natural law ( %r9kage4 ,%r9kage involves a process :]eby ! prim+1 r\gh/uff1 color1 v>ni%1 etc41 app>5tly goes 9 :ile ! gra9 ( ! wood goes out4 ,gra9+ out is (t5 due to a prim+ coat t is n giv5 adequate "t to dry h>d & firm4 ,?is s(t lay] ( r sl[ dry+ pigm5t1 if seal$ f contact ) ! air prematurely1 is a p[]ful inducem5t to gra9 %[+4 ,spongy1 por\s r\gh/uff1 defici5t 9 res9\s matt] & weak 9 its b9d+ prop]ty1 is also (t5 responsible = gra9+ out4 ,good reliable prim+1 lead & r\gh/uff coats1 all[$ to dry ?or\ghly1 ea* & all ( !m1 arre/ ! gra9+ out t5d5cy4 ,improp]ly season$ wood is a prolific produc] ( gra9$ out surfaces4 ,moi/ure conf9$ "u a body ( pa9t & v>ni% is b\nd to make its exit "r spe$ily1 & ?is x does by voraci\sly suck+ ! pa9t & v>ni% mat]ial 9 & pu%+ ! gra9 ( ! wood out4 ,,crack+4 ,x has be5 said t ! natural de/9y ( v>ni% is to crack4 ,:5 a v>ni% has worn itself out1 lo/ its ela/icity1 become brittle1 x w1 despite ! be/ laid plans ( m5 & sci5ce1 fissure & crack4 ,9 s do+ x simply responds to a natural law4 ,! crack+ t occurs prior to ?is p]iod ( s]vice is ( supreme conc]n to ! pa9t]4 ,probably ! greate/ cause ( v>ni% crack+--! cause t t[]s above all o!r causes--is develop$ by ! hurri$ sy/em ( pa9t+--=c+ "o coat ov] ano!r n p]fectly dry4 ,imp]fectly dri$ rubb+ coats1 or a lack ( uni=mity 9 ! selection ( ! v>ni%es us$1 (t5 cause crack+4 ,= example1 a quick dry+ rubb+ v>ni%1 or a h>d dry+ f9i%+1 ev51 is employ$1 ov] :i* a sl[ dry+1 ela/ic f9i%+ is us$4 ,antagonism betwe5 ! v>ni% coats1 or betwe5 ! v>ni% & color coats2 improp]ly adju/$ f\ndation coats2 exposure to sudd5 atmosph]ic *anges1 includ+ excessive heat2 ! action ( ammonia2 poor mat]ial--all ( ^! are und]ly+ causes ( v>ni% crack+4 ,imp]fectly season$ panels or moi/ure p5etrat+ ?9 wood panels w t5d to crack ! v>ni% us$ ov] su* surfaces4 ,! cracks 9 v>ni% due to a cont9u$ /ra9+ ( ! panels are t]m$ =ce cracks4 ,illu/ration ,=ce cracks are usually f\nd j ov] ! /eps on ! c>riage body1 runn+ 9 long1 circul> l9es1 also on ! panels "u ! seat ris]1 & on ! seat ris]4 ,! vibration ( light1 insecurely /iff5$ c>riage bodies is g5]ally a direct cause ( premature crack+ ( v>ni%4 ,! accompany+ cut ( a buggy body %[s ! usual location & sweep ( =ce cracks4 ,?is class ( surface fissures is v easily di/+ui%$ f ^? due to causes previ\sly m5tion$4 ,,sweat+4 ,sweat+ is ! tak+ on ( a gloss aft] ! v>ni% coat has be5 rubb$4 ,! pr9cipal cause ( v>ni% sweat+ is rubb+ x be=e x has suffici5tly h>d5$4 ,v>ni% laid ov] a coat ( color or ( v>ni% t lacks some:at ( be+ dry is prone to sweat4 ,:5 a coat ( v>ni% has be5 rubb$ & all[$ to /& = "s "t--ov] night1 say1--9 a close pa9t or v>ni% room atmosph]e1 x w take on a sort ( a gloss or greasy scum :i* comes "u ! head ( sweat+4 ,x w\ld be 9 ! highe/ degree dang]\s to p]man5t or brilliant results to fl[ a coat ( v>ni% directly ov] a sweaty surface4 ,! sweat t ov]spreads a rubb$ v>ni% surface by reason ( ! absorption ( atmosph]ic impurities c be quickly remov$ by lightly rubb+ ) a little rott5 /one & wat]4 ,! sweat+ out ( a surface rubb$ be=e x has adequately h>d5$ c only be rem$i$ by all[+ ! surface to become h>d & !n re-rubb+4 ,,dead5+1 ,,s9k+ ,,91 ,,etc4 ,?is describes a v>ni% :5 x goes flat1 loses its lu/re1 & refuses to %9e 9 ! public eye4 ,! causes ( ?is tr\ble are1 briefly2 unseason$ timb]1 imp]fectly dri$ "u coats1 su* z1 = illu/ration1 a f\r-day rubb+ v>ni% surfac$ & f9i%$ ov] aft] p]mitt+ ! rubb+ only two days 9 :i* to dry4 ,por\s "u coats :i* absorb too great a p]c5tage ( ! oil ( ! v>ni% cause dead5+2 & por\s "u coats1 let u be> 9 m9d1 produce by f> ! l>g] %>e ( v>ni% dead5+4 ,,pitt+4 ,pitt+ trans=ms a film ( v>ni% into an expanse ( m9ute ind5tations or pits1 & simply repres5ts 9 an aggravat$ =m :at is commonly kn[n z p9-hol+4 ,! depravity is caus$ by a lack ( uni=mity 9 atmosph]ic conditions dur+ ! dry+ process1 su* z f w>m to cold1 dry to moi/2 mix+ v>ni% ( v>i\s grades2 v>ni%+ ov] a sweaty surface or ov] imp]fectly dri$ color or v>ni% coats1 or 9 an ap>tm5t hav+ an excessively wet floor1 or dur+ a day ( unusual moi/ure4 ,pitt+ may also come f v>ni%+ ov] a surface rubb$ ?r\gh to ! "u coats4 ,v>ni% *>g$ ) gase\s impurities1 or a v>ni% n suffici5tly rip5$1 is p[]fully incl9$ to pit4 ,dirty v>ni%1 sometimes ditto4 ,soap or grease sme>s w cause pitt+1 z w also too oily "u coats4 ,draughts ( cold air h be5 kn[n to cause bad cases ( pitt+4 ,,enamel+1 ,,silk+1 ,,etc4 ,appli$ to a v>ni% surface :5 x assumes ! appe>ance ( enamel$ lea!r or silk4 ,v>ni% us$ ^u a hot1 humid1 moi/1 /icky day (t5 goes silky or enamels4 ,dog day conditions usually invite enamel+ or silk+4 ,v>ni% put on 9 a cold room is liable to enamel4 ,bru%+ v>ni% too long1 add+ turp5t9e to x1 us+ an oil-saturat$ bru% or mix+ diff]5t makes or grades ( v>ni% cause ! depravities "h m5tion$4 ,,se$y ,,or ,,specky4 ,caus$ by want ( ?or\ghness 9 clean+ & du/+ a surface prep>atory to v>ni%+4 ,likewise by ! sk9n+ ov] ( a v>ni%1 ! brok5 p>ticles ( ! sk9 !n work+ into ! liquid & !nce convey$ to ! surface4 ,also by us+ an unripe v>ni%1 or a *ill$ v>ni%1 or by v>ni%+ on a cold1 damp day 9 a room n prop]ly heat$4 ,! l\sy or dirty v>ni% bru% begets ! se$y1 specky "w4 ,x is a fruitful cause ( su* "w1 9 fact4 ,,crawl+4 ,:5 a v>ni%1 aft] hav+ be5 spread ^u a surface1 contracts1 picks itself up into pat*es1 & o!rwise vani%es f p>ts ( ! surface :i* %\ld cont9ue to reflect its lu/re1 x is said to h crawl$4 ,causes3 ,putt+ x ov] a color or v>ni% gr\nd n q dry2 us+ oil 9 ! color-&-v>ni%1 or us+ oil 9 ! color coat to give x a decid$ egg-%ell gloss2 h&l+ ! "w ) greasy h&s or wa%+ x ) wat] 9 ! slighte/ degree soapy or fatty4 ,probably ! egg-%ell gloss1 h[ev]1 is ! mo/ prolific cause ( v>ni% crawl+4 ,to rem$y ?is tr\ble wa% ! "w ) clean wat]1 dry (f ) ! *amois sk91 & v>ni% imm$iately4 ,,wr9kl+1 ,,cr9kl+1 ,,etc4 ,^! are caus$ by putt+ on a too heavy coat ( v>ni%1 or by n dress+ x out & wip+ x up prop]ly2 also by us+ a v>ni% n suffici5tly rip5$4 ,a v>ni% :i* %[s wr9kl+ or cr9kl+ :ile /&+ 9 a w>m room may be made to assume an aggravat$ =m ( ! tr\ble by simply transf]r+ ! "w to a cold ap>tm5t4 ,9 ! case ( v>ni% wr9kl+ or cr9kl+1 me?ods ( prev5tion are pref]able to any sy/em ( cure4 ,,runs1 ,,sags1 ,,curta9s1 ,,drap]ies1 ,,etc4 ,"s ( ! causes :i* develop ! depravities outl9$ 9 ! =ego+ p>agraph are responsible = ^? at ! head ( ?is "o4 ,o!r causes are3 ,lack ( uni=mity 9 ! application ( ! v>ni%1 "o bru%ful ( ! liquid be+ nicely work$ out & ! next "o be+ ! rev]se1 or ! v>ni% be+ appli$ heavi] on "o "p ( ! surface ?an on ano!r1 or too heavy a coat s]v+ z ! pr$om9ate feature ?r\gh\t4 ,c>eless1 incomplete wip+ up ar\nd m\ld+s1 bolt-heads1 nuts1 & fixtures ( t ord]1 g5]ates runs1 sags1 etc4 ,to r$uce ^! deviltries1 fir/ rub ) wat] & pulv]iz$ pumice /one4 ,!n p>e (f a few %av+s f a b> ( common h\se soap1 dip ! rubb+ pad fre%ly coat$ ) pumice /one into ! %r$s ( ! alkal9e comp\nd1 & rub briskly ov] ! (f5d+ deviltry4 ,aft] us+ ! soap1 r9se (f ) clean wat] v ?or\ghly4 ,!n rub lightly ) rott5 /one & wa% ?or\ghly4 ,,ridg+1 ,,r\gh+4 ,^! t]ms are giv5 to a surface t resembles a corrugat$ panel1 %[+ a ridgy1 furr[y expanse4 ,timidity or ! _s ( ! pa9t]-afraid-(-8-v>ni% provokes ?is lam5table surface condition4 ,aft] ! v>ni% has set pa/ a c]ta9 tack & ! bru% is !n drawn ?r\gh x1 r\gh+ & ridg+ occurs4 ,:5 "o falls heir to ?is mi%ap1 take a s(t badg]-hair bru% &1 procur+ a small quantity ( turp5t9e1 proce$ to apply ! fluid pl5tifully ov] ! panel4 ,?is w quickly s(t5 ! coat ( v>ni% s t by wip+ ! bru% c>efully out1 ! loos5$ v>ni% c be easily bru%$ (f & ! surface imm$iately rev>ni%$4 ,,p]i%+1 ,,crumbl+1 ,,ru/+4 ,by ?is we mean a gradual loss ( lu/re1 ! f9al result ( :i* is a disruption ( ! surface end+ 9 a complete de/ruction ( ! v>ni%4 ,wa%+ ) wat] heat$ beyond ! tepid degree is an engag+ bid = ! disa/] "h not$4 ,ammonia fumes1 coal gas1 salt sea air1 soil ( lime/one localities1 etc41 cause v>ni% to p]i% & crumble away4 ,,*ipp+1 ,,flak+1 ,,peel+4 ,! sep>ation ( "o v>ni% coat1 or c]ta9 p>ts ( x1 f ano!r1 or f a coat ( color is kn[n z *ipp+1 flak+1 or peel+4 ,causes3 ,moi/ure 9 ! wood2 imp]fectly dri$ "u coats2 grease & smoke f ! smi?%op2 failure to ma9ta9 ! prop] ela/icity betwe5 ! successive color or v>ni% coats4 ,x is v probable t ! mo/ active & effective cause arises f ! use ( adult]at$ turp5t9e1 inf]ior japan1 & a poor1 l[ quality mat]ial g5]ally4 ,,fire ,,*ecks4 ,^! consi/ ( a delicate trac]y ( almo/ invisible fissures radiat+ e :i* way4 ,! displeas+ effects ( fire *ecks are n fully disclos$ until ! f9i%+ v>ni% has be5 laid4 ,an extra coat or two ( rubb+ v>ni% w usually suffice to conceal all traces ( a mod]ate array ( fire *ecks4 ,,gre5+4 ,?is comes f ! use ( too _m cle> rubb+ or f9i%+ coats ( v>ni% to a black surface4 ,successive coats ( cle> rubb+ v>ni%1 capp$ ) a heavy coat ( f9i%+1 appli$ ov] a black japan gr\nd1 af=ds a pron\nc$ &1 9 "s respects1 entic+ %ade ( gre54 ,gre5+ ( a v>ni% surface is also effect$ by conf9+ ! fre%ly v>ni%$ "w 9 a d>k ap>tm5t :ile ! dry+ is go+ on4 ,:5 ! "w is fit to remove f ! v>ni% dry+ room1 9 ord] to int5sify ! gre5+1 x may be /or$ 9 a d>k room or repository = a "t4 ,rec5tly v>ni%$ surfaces held = a few weeks 9 d>k ap>tm5ts gre5 rapidly4 ,prev5tion3 ,use black color-&-v>ni% ov] black color gr\nds4 ,add a da% ( black color to ea* ( ! cle> rubb+ coats up to & includ+ ! f9al rubb+4 ,furni% ! dry+ room ) pl5ty ( light on all sides1 &1 s f> z possible1 insi/ vigor\sly ^u ! necessity ( light1 airy c>riage h\ses & repositories4 ,,bloom+4 ,bloom+ is a :iti%1 metallic-l film1 l unto ! bloom on a plum or pea*1 :i* obscures ! brilliancy ( ! v>ni%4 ,x is v>i\sly kn[n 9 ! trade z go+ cl\dy1 smoky1 or foggy4 ,v>ni% surfaces expos$ to a moi/ atmosph]e1 to smoke1 or to ! fumes ( ! blacksmi? %op are apt to bloom4 ,if ! bloom+ is ( rec5t orig91 a ?or\gh wa%+ & dry+ (f ) ! %ammy w g5]ally re/ore ! lu/re ( ! v>ni%4 ,if ( long /&+ & !re=e ( a virul5t type1 ! only effectual rem$y is rubb+ ) pulv]iz$ pumice /one & wat] & re-v>ni%+4 ,,bli/]s4 ,! v>ni% surface1 dry or app>5tly s1 :5 afflict$ ) little eruptions1 aft] ! fa%ion ( pu/ules on ! human cuticle1 is said to h bli/]$4 ,! disease is caus$ by moi/ure 9 ! wood1 exposure to ! int5se rays ( ! sun dur+ ! e>ly days ( s]vice1 or to ! pres5ce ( oil or grease on ! surface directly "u ! f9i%+ coat or betwe5 any ( ! prec$+ coats ( v>ni% or color4 ,s(t "u coats develop bli/]s1 _! developm5t ?r\gh ?is m$ium be+ 9 ?is wise3 ,coats ( lead1 heavy 9 body1 & p]*ance a bit fatty or gummy1 are appli$ to ! surface4 ,su* coats d n dry ?or\ghly4 ,oil 9 color coats t5ds to ! same result4 ,!y deceive ! workman1 be+ app>5tly dry1 b n really1 :5 *ok$ up "u subsequ5t coat+s4 ,a surface s build$ is ev5tually put into s]vice & submitt$ to ! sunlight4 ,w>m$ by ! heat1 ^! undri$ p>ticles ( color or lead quickly respond to ! law ( expansion4 ,! v>ni%1 supple & full ( ela/icity1 in/ead ( crack+ & splitt+ into fissures1 simply swells up ) ! pa9t4 ,fi]ce /ove or /eam heat causes bli/]s4 ,a v>ni% bli/]1 if n locat$ ^u a too prom95t portion ( ! surface1 may be r$uc$ to a surface fracture easily ov]look$1 by punctur+ ) a ne$le & !n press+ ! rupture d[n ) a wet sponge4 ,,spott+4 ,!re are sev]al =ms ( ?is ailm5t1 viz41 mud spott+1 soapy or dirty wat] spott+1 & ! spott+ caus$ by /rong curr5ts ( air beat+ p[]fully ^u ! v>ni% surface4 ,mud spott+ is by f> ! mo/ malignant type ( ! depravity h]e9 m5tion$4 ,an ela/ic high grade v>ni% is m susceptible to ! poison conta9$ 9 e>?y accumulations ?an ! h>d dry+ or ! l[ grade v>ni%4 ,accumulations ( mud all[$ to dry ^u a fre%ly v>ni%$ surface spot ! v>ni% ?r\gh ! action ( ! suction or capill>y attraction ( ! dry mud extract+ ! oil f ! v>ni%4 ,aga91 ! spott+ may be due to actual saponification1 by ! alkal9e mud1 n only ( ! oil1 b ( ! gum con/itu5t ( ! v>ni% z well4 ,city mud /rongly *>g$ ) ammonia1 & ! mud ( lime di/ricts1 is notori\sly de/ructive to v>ni% lu/re4 ,:ile x r>ely happ5s t any sort ( treatm5t %ort ( rubb+ (f ! surface & re-v>ni%+ proves satisfactory1 ! tr\ble may n[ & !n be effac$1 tempor>ily1 at lea/1 by fir/ rubb+ ! spots ) a rag moi/5$ ) equal p>ts ( l9se$ oil1 turp5t9e1 & alcohol1 & !n imm$iately poli%+ ) a s(t piece ( blott+ pap]4 ,soapy or dirty wat] spott+1 :i* may be di/+ui%$ by ! usually correct circle outl9e1 is difficult1 if n impossible1 ( effacem5t1 especially if all[$ to long rema9 ^u ! surface1 z ! pota% & acid nature ( ! wat] takes a ready & %>p hold ( ! v>ni%4 ,a prompt wa%+ (f ) clean s(t wat] w sometimes prove a cure4 ,?is fail+1 rubb+ (f & re-v>ni%+ mu/ be resort$ to4 ,! gases g5]at$ by an ord9>y coal /ove or blacksmi?'s =ge1 if p]mitt$ = long to attack a v>ni% surface1 w effect a p>ticul>ly griev\s type ( spott+4 ,?is w manife/ itself 9 ! =m ( dull1 lu/reless spots ri*ly suffus$ ) a film ( greas9ess4 ,! rubb+ d[n & re-v>ni%+ is ! only reliable & sure cure = ?is depravity4 ,spott+ caus$ by unusual or di/urb+ curr5ts ( air beat+ ) mod]ate or fi]ce int5sity ^u a s5sitive surface is met ) 9 ! %ape & appe>ance ( dull1 indi/9ctly def9$ spots1 irregul> 9 =m1 sometimes elongat$1 frequ5tly ( conoidical outl9e4 ,! fir/ indications ( ?is v>iety ( spott+ %\ld be met ) a prompt wa%+ (f ) clean wat] & a c>eful dry+ up "u ! *amois sk94 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,/rip+3 ,,! ,,purpose ,,( ,,/rip+--,,h[ ,,to ,,become ,a ,,/rip]--,,p5cils ,,& ,,_! ,,c>e--,,mix+ ,,/rip+ ,,colors--,,names ,,( ,,/ripes--,,/rip+ ,,designs1 ,,includ+ ,,panels ,,& ,,corn]-,,pieces--,,etc41 ,,etc4 ,! *ief & ess5tial purpose ( /rip+ is to imp>t a beautify+ effect to ! surface ^u :i* x is us$4 ,to accompli% ?is purpose x mu/ be s p]fectly & arti/ically execut$ t ! colors employ$ 9 pa9t+ ! surface are made to reflect _! mo/ *>m+ h>monies & contra/s1 :ile ! outl9es ( ! surface itself are ca/ into m graceful relief4 ,! art ( /rip+1 :5 x a*ieves ?is result1 may be said to h successfully p]=m$ its (fice2 & ! exp]t expon5t ( ?is art1 x ne$ sc>cely be add$1 is acc\nt$ an important memb] ( e well-regulat$ pa9t %op family4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,,f9e ,,l9]4 ,to be a really skill$ /rip]1 ! workman ne$s to be ! possessor ( a /eady h&1 or1 9 ! words ( ano!r1 ( h& magic1 ( an accurate eye1 & pl5ty ( color s5se4 ,9 po9t ( fact1 x is highly necess>y t ! /rip] %\ld be a good colori/2 "o1 9 %ort1 :o is ?or\ghly conv]sant ) ! rules ( color h>mony & contra/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,,m$ium ,,f9e ,,l9]4 ,! fir/ law ) :i* ! novice or le>n] ( ! art ( /rip+ or ornam5t+ is confront$ is t ( color & =m4 ,?is he mu/ /udy pati5tly & p]si/5tly1 ! :ile practic+ ) ! p5cil 9 ord] t ! purely me*anical "p ( ! art be well ma/]$4 ,grace1 fre$om1 sure-h&$ness1 are indisp5sable factors1 z appli$ to ! me*anical features ( /rip+ & ornam5t+1 & ^! c be atta9$ only ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( dilig5t practice1 comb9$ ) ! help ( an eye educat$ to act quickly & accurately4 ,!re c be no arbitr>y rules laid d[n to gov]n ! art ( /rip+ 9 s f> z x has ref]5ce to /yle4 ,/yle is b ! fleet+ fancy ( ! pass+ %[1 & :ile x is "h today x may be gone tomorr[4 ,h5ce1 ! fa%ion 9 /rip+ is indef9ite & suffici5tly ela/ic to adapt itself to local requirem5ts )\t dep>t+ f> f :at may *ance to be at ! "t g5]ally accept$ z ! prevail+ /yle4 ,=1 aft] all1 ! /rip+ mu/ be subord9ate to =m1 color1 & surface1 & its lavi% or meagre employm5t1 9 pla9 or fancy design1 is controll$ v l>gely !reby4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,,heavy ,,or ,,m$ium ,,l9e4 ,,! ,,/rip]',s ,,outfit4 ,! p5cil equipm5t is prop]ly a matt] ( ! fir/ conc]n to ! /rip]4 ,! la/ decade has witness$ ! retirem5t1 9 l>ge "p at lea/1 ( ! r\nd p5cils1 save :5 /ripes are to be done 9 sizes exce$+ #a_/h 94 ,! vividly s5sational "n ( dagg] or sword p5cil has be5 appli$ to ! p5cil :i* has tak5 ! place ( ! r\nd l9]4 ,practically all vehicle /rip]s use ^! p5cils at pres5t4 ,a s+le p5cil1 if necess>y1 c be made to draw a v>i\s assortm5t ( l9es1 runn+ f ! hair l9e to ! r\nd l9e1 or ev5 heavi]4 ,b1 all ?+s consid]$1 ! writ] deems x be/ to h a p5cil made to draw a c]ta9 l9e & no o!r4 ,?is necessitates ! own]%ip ( a l>g] equipm5t ( p5cils1 b x also provides = uni=mly good "w m easily accompli%$ ?an c be expect$ :5 "o p5cil is made to d duty 9 draw+ ! v>i\sly siz$ l9es call$ = 9 ! av]age c>riage & wagon %op4 ,9 ,fig4 #a1 accompany+ ?is *apt]1 is %[n a f9e l9e sword p5cil4 ,?is draws a hair l9e :5 fill$ prop]ly1 & _c be made to exce$ a f9e l9e & d effective "w4 ,fig4 #b is a m$ium f9e l9e p5cil1 & ,fig4 #c repres5ts a p5cil ) :i* a f9e l9e or a r\nd l9e1 or any l9e v>y+ betwe5 ^! two1 may be drawn4 ,! /rip] %\ld be provid$ ) at lea/ f\r diff]5t sizes ( p5cils4 ,to make ! sword p5cil1 proce$ z foll[s3 ,take ! desir$ portion ( hair f a l>ge camel's-hair p5cil ( select$ quality1 & draw to ! prop] bevel f "o side ( ! flat portion ( ! hair4 ,!n1 tak+ ! hair c>efully 9 ! left h&1 ) ! ?umb & =ef+] ( ! "r h& "w a bit ( trimm]'s pa/e into ! end t is ins]t$ into ! h&le4 ,n>r[ /rips ( pap]1 say #c_/d 94 9 wid?1 & ( ! full l5g? ( ! hair1 are cut & spread ) a ?9 glaz+ ( ! pa/e1 & on ^! prep>$ /rips1 ab\t ! c5t] ( !m1 lay ! hair1 keep+ x p]fectly /raight4 ,next1 fold ! uncov]$ portions ( ! pap] ov] ! hair4 ,! day foll[+1 or at any "t 9 ! future1 ! sup]flu\s hair & pap] may be trimm$ f ! embryo p5cil & a h&le atta*$4 ,a /raight-gra9$ piece ( p9e af=ds a good h&le4 ,split 9 c5t] ( h&le1 ins]t ! hair 9 ! split1 wrap tightly ) /\t l95 ?read1 & ! p5cil is ready = use4 ,9 ! mak+ ( ! sword p5cil !re is (t5 a sup]fluity ( %ort hairs1 ( :i* x is desirable to be well rid4 ,to remove !m1 take ! hair be=e x is greas$1 & ) ! end t is to be b\nd ) ! ?read held betwe5 ! ?umb & =ef+] ( ! left h&1 pull ! long hairs ov] to ! "r1 ?us expos+ ! %ort & useless hairs & af=d+ an easy removal ( !m4 ,?is process ( we$+ out ! naturally %ort hair develops ! p5cil ( "o l5g? ( /ock except+1 ( c\rse1 ! desir$ tap] ( ! tool4 ,:ile _m supply h\ses n[ furni% sword p5cils ( all sizes & l5g?s1 ! fir/-class /rip]s1 ! *evali]s ( ! art1 pref] to make _! own p5cils1 & ! writ] he>tily co9cides ) t pref]5ce1 ! %op-made p5cil usually hav+ a poise & balance n possess$ by ! /ore-pur*as$ article4 ,to ^? ( my read]s :o accept ! dictum t !re is no royal road to ! art ( /rip+2 t ! sev]e s*ool+ 9 ! busy ar5a ( e-day practice is ! culture t graduates ! tal5t$ /rip]1 ,i w\ld say1 le>n to make y\r p5cils4 ,y\r fir/ attempt1 or y\r second1 & p]haps ev5 y\r ?ird1 may n result successfully1 b pati5ce & a capacity = tak+ inf9ite pa9s w ev5tually1 if n %ortly1 w94 ,x is be/ to make p5cils 9 lots ( #a_/b doz4 ,two or ?ree out ( ! lot1 ev5 aft] "o becomes tol]ably pr(ici5t 9 p5cil mak+1 may prove defective4 ,! me?od ( mak+ ! sword p5cil1 z above advis$1 has ! advantage ( be+ easily & quickly acquir$1 & is !re=e recomm5d$ to ! le>n] z a feasible "o to adopt4 ,) ^! sword1 or dagg]1 p5cils _m ( ! ornam5tal /rip+ designs :i* w accompany ?is & lat] *apt]s may be execut$1 ! extreme po9t ( ! p5cil be+ us$ 9 describ+ all curves & fancy circles4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,,r\nd ,,p5cil4 ,= ,/\t ,l9e & ,r\nd ,l9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4 ,,comb9ation ,,l9es ,,& ,,/ripes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,hair ,,l9e ,illu/ration3 ,,f9e ,,l9e ,illu/ration3 ,,/\t ,,l9e ,illu/ration3 ,,r\nd ,,l9e ,illu/ration3 ,,n>r[ ,,/ripe ,illu/ration3 ,,heavy ,,/ripe ,illu/ration3 ,,broad ,,/ripe ,illu/ration3 ,,d\ble ,,f9e ,,l9e ,illu/ration3 ,,d\ble ,,/\t ,,l9e ,illu/ration3 ,,d\ble ,,r\nd ,,l9e ,illu/ration3 ,,d\ble ,,r\nd ,,l9e ,,f9e ,,l9e ,,c5t] ,illu/ration3 ,,n>r[ ,,/ripe ,,p>allel ,,f9e ,,l9es ,illu/ration3 ,,full ,,/ripe ,illu/ration3 ,,divid$ ,,/ripe ,illu/ration3 ,,divid$ ,,/ripe ,,di/ance ,,f9e ,,l9e ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,to make a r\nd f9e l9e p5cil suit$ to ! execution ( corn] pieces & cut up /rip+ g5]ally1 take a camel's-hair r\nd p5cil ( l>ge size1 f :i* extract ! desir$ quantity ( hair4 ,!n cut a small piece ( c$> d[n to ab\t #a_/h 94 diamet] at "o end & consid]ably small] at ! o!r4 ,9 ! small] end ins]t a p9 until x holds firmly4 ,!n1 say1 #a_/d 94 f ! wood1 clip ! p9 (f4 ,n[ %ave ! /ick (f until x tap]s p]fectly d[n to ! p94 ,next take ! desir$ quantity ( hair1 & dipp+ "o end ( ! bru% into %ellac1 lay aside = a few m9utes to p]mit ! %ellac to h>d54 ,!n ins]t ! p9 & tap]$ po9t ( ! wood until ! cle> work+ l5g? ( ! p5cil measures at lea/ #a-a_/b 94 f po9t ( p94 ,beg9 at ! l[] end ( ! hair & w9d ) /rong ?read up to )9 #a_/h 94 f po9t ( p94 ,! p9 acts 9 ! capacity ( a /iff5] to ! p5cil4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,! durability & poise & ela/icity ( /rip+ & lett]+ p5cils dep5d v greatly ^u ! mann] ( c>+ = !m4 ,! /rip] %\ld provide himself ) a du/-pro( metal box 9 :i* to /ore 8 p5cil equipm5t4 ,see t x is furni%$ ) lock & key4 ,! local t9smi? w1 = a small consid]ation1 outfit su* a box ) a t9 tray ^u :i* ! p5cils may be c>efully arrang$4 ,a /rip+ or lett]+ p5cil %\ld be imm$iately wa%$ out 9 turps ^u ! conclusion ( ! "w 9 h&4 ,c>e may well be invok$ 9 wa%+1 to ! end t all pigm5t accumulations are remov$ f ! heel ( ! p5cil4 ,wipe ! p5cil dry 9 s(t cotton or flannel clo?s & !n grease ?or\ghly1 press+ ! grease c>efully into ! heel ( ! tool4 ,a good grease = pres]v+ p5cils 9 w9t] is pure l>d2 9 summ]1 l>d & mutton tall[1 equal p>ts4 ,! writ] p]sonally v\*es = ! excell5ce ( a mixture compos$ ( mutton tall[1 #c p>ts2 sweet oil1 #a "p4 ,?is s]ves z a good all-r\nd p5cil grease1 suit$ to all extremes ( temp]ature1 & "o ! pa9t] w f9d useful 9 keep+ 8 p5cils 9 good ord]4 ,,mix+ ,,/rip+ ,,colors4 ,?is comprises a difficult & skill$ feature ( ! art ( /rip+4 ,colors :i* are work$ & controll$ easily & dry reliably1 are important aids to good /rip+4 ,!re=e1 9 ord] to insure spe$1 %apely l9es1 & satisfactory color effects1 ! /rip] w f9d x greatly to 8 advantage to closely & intellig5tly /udy ! composition ( pigm5ts4 ,"s colors h ! defect ( be+ %ort4 ,9 o!r words1 !y d n naturally "w freely f ! po9t ( ! p5cil1 blot*+ & fl[+ out 9 pat*es4 ,x is n )9 ! prov9ce ( ! pa9t] to cure ?is ailm5t1 b x is possible = him to rem$y x some:at4 ,& h[8 ,by ab/a9+ f ! use ( oil altoge!r1 & dep5d+ solely ^u a mixture ( japan1 v>ni%1 & turp5t9e1 ! proportions ( ^! liquids be+ gov]n$ by ! liquids 9 :i* ! colors 7 gr\nd4 ,oil colors 9 c>riage pa9t+ are re/rict$ to a n>r[ m>g9 ( use4 ,?is specially applies to colors employ$ 9 /rip+1 z1 save 9 purely lead colors1 ! oil has a bad habit ( work+ to ! surface ( ! pigm5t4 ,:51 to meet a c]ta9 requirem5t or em]g5cy1 x is f\nd necess>y to use oil 9 ! /rip+ color1 x is advisable to also add a few drops ( quick rubb+ v>ni% z a means ( hold+ ! oil 9 place4 ,:ite1 black1 & "s ( ! yell[s are usually f\nd "u ! head ( %ort colors4 ,flake & cremnitz :ite are inv>iably designat$ z %ort colors4 ,if su* colors are to be us$ = f9e l9+1 mix ) a little rubb+ v>ni% & t9t ! :ite slightly ) drop black4 ,?is furni%es a fairly free work+ :ite :i* %[s no laps4 ,illu/ration ,black may be/ be describ$ z a riot\s1 wild-runn+ color1 /rongly 9 ne$ ( a /urdy /eady+ liquid4 ,9 ?9n+ black to a work+ consi/5cy1 add1 say #a_/d rubb+ v>ni%4 ,balanc$ ) ?is proportion ( rubb+ v>ni%1 a f9ely-gr\nd tube black usually works h&somely4 ,! writ] w\ld advise mix+ all /rip+ colors to ! "r consi/5cy 9 ! cups1 in/ead ( us+ !m on ! palette 9 a ?ick pa/e & ?9n+ d[n "u ! p5cil z fa/ z us$4 ,colors furni%$ ) ! "r +r$i5ts1 prop]ly proportion$1 ! :ole be+ ?or\ghly unit$ & incorporat$1 con/itute a f9e work+ basis = effective /rip+4 ,illu/ration ,,names ,,( ,,/ripes4 ,9 all ! =emo/ c>riage & wagon c5tres ! v>i\s /yles ( /rip+ are designat$ by specific names4 ,?is makes x an easy matt] to give an ord] & h x accurately execut$ )\t confusion or unnecess>y delay4 ,app5d$ w be f\nd ! pr9cipal l9es & /ripes g5]ally employ$1 ! m$ium l9es & /ripes only be+ omitt$4 ,z1 = in/ance m$ium f9e l9e1 m$ium heavy r\nd l9e1 & m$ium /ripe2 ^! be+ deem$ irrelevant to ! illu/ration 9 h&4 ,! fir/1 or hair1 l9e is ! f9e/ l9e us$1 ! f9e l9e com+ next1 ! l9e ?us gradually increas+ 9 size until x rea*es ! broad /ripe4 ,:at is kn[n z ! m$ium f9e l9e is simply ! f9e l9e broad5$ to ! ext5t ( ab\t #a_/c increase 9 size4 ,! m$ium heavy r\nd l9e is ! r\nd l9e ) ! wid? ( hair l9e add$ to x1 :ile ! m$ium /ripe is ! n>r[ /ripe increas$ by ! addition ( a f9e l9e wid?4 ,a p5cil trac+ exce$+ #a_/h 94 is t]m$ a /ripe2 less ?an #a_/h 941 a l9e4 ,illu/ration ,z h]e) %[n ! simple l9es & /ripes are sev5 9 numb]1 & ! comb9ation l9es & /ripes are pres5t$ 9 eight examples4 ,9 ! cut ( ! divid$ /ripe1 di/ance f9e l9e1 ! di/ance l9e is drawn ne>] to ! /ripe ?an x is cu/om>y to all[4 ,:ile !re is no arbitr>y rule to gov]n ! spac+ ( ! di/ance l9e f ! /ripe1 x is usually drawn n less ?an #a_/d 94 f c5t] l9e or /ripe4 ,(t5times1 too1 x is plac$ at a di/ance ( scant #a_/h 941 z "h %[n4 ,illu/ration ,! accompany+ /rip+ designs adapt$ to traps1 drags1 /anhopes1 concords1 & pleasure vehicles g5]ally 7us$ also on bus9ess vehicles7 consi/ ( corn] & c5t] pieces4 ,_! repres5tation may sugge/ ext5sions or *anges1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( :i* a wide v>iety ( designs may be evolv$4 ,to specify ! colors 9 :i* ea* design is be/ illum9at$ w\ld exce$ ! limits accord$ ?is *apt]4 ,! color ( ! panel det]m9es ! color ( ! design1 or %\ld4 ,a pleas+ contra/ to ! body color %\ld be s\ght1 & 9 ?is a*ievem5t ! workman's ta/e & art s5se mu/ be ex]cis$ 9 lieu ( pr9t$ directions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,corn] ,,designs4 ,! panel designs1 if plac$ on any d>k surface1 may be plac$ 9 :ite & trimm$ 9 gre51 blue1 v]milion1 etc42 or !y may be plac$ 9 c>m9e & trick$ out 9 any ( ! _m neatly contra/+ colors4 ,! f9e/ c>m9e effects are obta9$ by glaz+ orange or *rome yell[ ) c>m9e4 ,aga9/ ! fa%ionable blue surfaces _m ( ^! designs pres5t fet*+ effects if drawn 9 gold1 :ite1 or k+'s yell[4 ,aga9/ yell[ gr\nds !y may be effectively %[n 9 two or ?ree %ades ( r$4 ,^! sugge/ions apply also1 9 ! ma91 to ! corn] pieces4 ,! ?ree la/ designs on page #ahd may be laid 9 gold1 %ad$ ) asphaltum1 high light$ ) light yell[4 ,! f9e l9es c be done 9 any h>moniz+ color4 ,"s ( ! small solid p>ts ( ^! designs c be glaz$ ) c>m9e & v]digris4 ,"s ( ! designs may be execut$ 9 orange1 glaz$ ) c>m9e & high light$ ) *rome yell[4 ,or ! broad portions may be done 9 "s solid color & ! f9e l9es 9 a slightly diff]5t %ade ( ! same color4 ,on blue panels ! simple f9e l9e pieces may be done ) l9+ bronze glaz$ ) ultram>9e blue2 or on gre5 panels use *rome yell[ & glaze ) c>m9e4 ,illu/ration ,9 fact1 !re is an inf9ite v>iety ( colors to be us$ 9 ! developm5t ( ! designs "h pres5t$1 & ! /ill o!r designs :i* x is hop$ !y may sugge/1 ! controll+ factor 9 ! selection ( colors be+ simply & at all times ! color ( ! surface ^u :i* ! design is to be us$4 ,9 connection ) ?is mu/ exi/ ! law ( h>mony & contra/1 )\t :i* any select$ color s*eme w prove ineffective4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,scroll+3 ,,relief ,,& ,,flat ,,scrolls--,,h[ ,,to ,,le>n ,,scroll+--,,scrolls ,,done ,,9 ,,gold1 ,,alum9um1 ,,& ,,9 ,,colors--,,examples ,,( ,,relief ,,& ,,flat ,,scrolls4 ,scroll pa9t+ is a feature ( ! trade des]v+ ( m ?an a pass+ notice2 & :ile x has be5 p]mitt$ to langui% 9 a /ate ( disuse = a decade or m1 z comp>$ to its =m] popul>ity1 !re are evid5ces abroad :i* po9t directly to ! g5]\s employm5t ( ! art ( scroll+ 9 wagon pa9t+ ere long4 ,p]haps we %all nev] aga9 obs]ve ! return ( ! f9e old ,roman scroll1 bold & imp]ial1 once s common1 b a modification ( ?is noble/ ,roman ( !m all1 or1 r1 a comb9ation ( ?is =m ( scroll & "s o!r =ms requir+ less space = attractive display1 may be expect$4 ,inde$1 ! modification is already domicil$ 9 ! e/eem ( bus9ess vehicle us]s1 be+ commonly kn[n "u ! title ( composite scroll4 ,illu/ration3 ,,scroll]',s ,,l9e ,,( ,,beauty4 ,! full ,roman scroll1 def9$ z an imitation ( c>v$ "w 9 relief1 :i* ,raphael & o!r great ma/]s h s magnific5tly execut$1 is ( l>ge & %apely proportions1 & ) its f9e sweeps1 graceful curves1 beautiful examples ( leaf+1 & endless v>iety ( twi/s & turns1 _c be conf9$ to a re/rict$ space4 ,x is pre-em95tly a scroll ( /ately /yle1 & amid dw>fi% surr\nd+s or :5 r$uc$ to less ?an its natural size1 its id5tity is lo/ & its "* z "o ( ! e>lie/ =ms ( ornam5tation1 completely de/roy$4 ,h5ce ! modification above ref]r$ to4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,9 le>n+ ! art ( scroll+1 z 9 le>n+ ! art ( /rip+1 x is di/9ctly =tunate to rememb] t !re is no royal road--no my/ic me?od by :i* "o c ma/] ! art "u ! soo?+ influ5ce ( a mid-summ] night's dream4 ,! acquirem5t ( ! art1 z ! pa/ ma/]s ( ! s*ool ( ornam5tal pa9t+ und]/ood & practic$ x1 is ! result ( pati5t1 ardu\s practice4 ,= ?is purpose1 a good-siz$ blackbo>d is 9 e way ! mo/ desirable surface ^u :i* to "w4 ,! beg9n] %\ld "u no circum/ances conf9e 8 ef=ts to le>n scroll+ to a pad ( pap] & a lead p5cil4 ,z an em95t in/ructor ( ! art once decl>$3 ,"w ) a lead p5cil on a #bd pap]1 & ! *ances are t y\r scrolls w be ( ! #bd ord]4 ,work+ ^u ! blackbo>d ) a *alk crayon gives ! le>n] a fre$om ( rea* & a valiant comm& ( ! p5cil atta9$ 9 no o!r way4 ,! easy1 free-h& "w1 al?\gh x may be lack+ 9 c]ta9 highly desirable features ( gracefulness1 compels ! favorable att5tion ( ! critic to an ext5t ( :i* ! copy plate design1 ma!matically precise 9 g5]al execution1 may fall lam5tably %ort4 ,!re is a sort ( an indef9able naturalness ab\t ! orig9al1 free-h& scroll q =eign to ! ornam5t drawn to rule & squ>e measurem5ts4 ,x possesses a quality t elicits admiration1 j z madam's tea g[n1 ,t floats away :]e x prop]ly may1 ,& cl+s :]e x ought to cl+1 is look$ ^u z a da9ty creation1 wondr\s fair to see4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,! blackbo>d & *alk crayon ex]cise is valuable 9 imp>t+ to ! le>n] a natural & un/udi$ twi/ ( ! wri/1 toge!r ) a :ole arm movem5t t mo/ assur$ly mu/ be at ! comm& ( ! scroll workman4 ,only by su* ex]cise c ! quick1 arti/ic h& be acquir$ along ) an eye tra9$ to correct proportions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4 ,hog>?'s l9e ( beauty c be m exp$iti\sly ma/]$ "u ! /imulus ( blackbo>d practice ?an is possible ?r\gh ! aid ( mo/ o!r m$iums4 ,make ! figures big & rea*+1 9 sweeps backw>d & =w>d1 up1 d[n1 & 9 a v>iety ( outl9es4 ,?is practice w be h>d & irksome at fir/1 &1 unless "o is naturally gift$ 9 ?is p>ticul> l9e ( "w1 ! results accompli%$ may appe> crude & awkw>d ev5 aft] weeks ( pati5tly appli$ toil4 ,b 9 ! realms ( art few ?+s to speak 9 ! noble l+o ( ! ,b[]y1 are dead easy4 ,!re=e1 blackbo>d "w %\ld be /udi\sly adh]$ to1 ! "w ( em95t expon5ts ( ornam5tal pa9t+ /udi$1 z ! m>9] /udies ! ocean *>t1 & advantage tak5 ( all ! o!r aids promotive ( a r>e degree ( skill4 ,! scroll pa9t] able to disc>d p\nce patt]n & tape l9e measurem5ts is lic5s$ to imp>t a *>m & novelty1 a grace & v>iety1 to 8 "w1 n effect$ o!rwise4 ,! spiral may be t]m$ ! basis ( scroll "w4 ,int]sect+ ! spiral are ! leaves & /ems1 :i*1 %ad$1 light$1 & high-light$1 give =m & color to ! relief scroll4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #f ,,& #g4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4 ,! le>n]1 hav+ become suffici5tly pr(ici5t to outl9e fairly good scrolls ) ! crayon1 %\ld procure "s l>ge %eets ( pap]--manilla pap] w d--& pa9t !m 9 "s d>k color & !n proce$ to draw ! scrolls ) ! p5cil4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4 ,9 ! matt] ( p5cils1 diff]5t k9ds & sizes w be ne$$4 ,= lay+ on ! scroll1 a black sable hair p5cil1 ! hair set 9 metal1 runn+ 9 size f ,no4 #d to ,no4 #h1 accord+ to ! size ( ! scroll1 & #a-a_/b in*es long1 is an effective & pleas+ly durable tool4 ,= %ad+ purposes a %ort] & s(t] hair p5cil is be/2 say a camel's-hair p5cil #c_/d in* 9 l5g?4 ,h[ev]1 a v>iety ( p5cils1 bo? sable & camel's-hair1 & ( ! v>i\s sizes1 w be f\nd ess5tial 9 do+ ! l>ge & small ornam5ts :i* ! accompany+ examples may sugge/4 ,necess>y adjuncts to ! p5cil equipm5t are1 ! palette1 palette cups1 & mahl-/ick4 ,an oval palette1 made ?9 & smoo?1 ( mahogany1 walnut1 or ev5 a%1 poli%$ nicely on a %ellac base1 has = long be5 popul>1 & 9 po9t ( excell5ce rema9s unexcell$4 ,make ! mahl-/ick ( c$> pref]ably2 "w x out r\nd & smoo? & tip x ) a small ball ( cotton enclos$ 9 a pat* ( *amois sk94 ,tak+ ! accompany+ illu/rat$ section ( a ,roman scroll 7see ,fig4 #a7 z a work+ draft1 beg9 by all[+ ! po9t ( ! p5cil to t\* ! surface & !n ) a confid5t1 easy sweep twi/ ! p5cil ar\nd s z to =m1 say1 ! fir/ spiral or volute4 ,next d ! /ems & (f%oots atta*$ to ?is volute4 ,practice to d ea* spiral1 & ! /ems putt+ out !refrom1 ) a s+le1 & at mo/ two1 /rokes ( ! p5cil4 ,! fir/ pr9ciple ( f9e scroll+ consi/s 9 gett+ easy1 graceful sweeps1 sugge/ive1 p]haps1 ,i may be all[$ to say1 ( ! poetry ( p5cil motion4 ,! trac]y ( a /ilt$1 cramp$ p5cil sweep is fatal to ! balance & grace ( a scroll4 ,9 practice ! /ud5t w probably *oose gold bronze z ! mo/ desirable sub/itute = gold leaf 9 work+ out 8 gold-f9i%$ scroll4 ,! figure1 )\t its %ad+1 af=ds a flat scroll ( fanta/ic cont\r1 z a draft ( ,fig4 #a1 devoid ( ! %ades1 w quickly prove4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4 ,illu/ration ,! %ad+ ( ! scroll mu/ be done 9 ! same free1 (f-h& /yle t mu/ necess>ily m>k ! evolution ( ! g5]al figure ( ! ornam5t4 ,if1 z above intimat$1 ! scroll is done 9 imitation ( or 9 ! real gold leaf1 ! %ad+ is be/ done ) asphaltum1 ?is pigm5t (f]+ ! only true %ad[1 au?orities cont5d1 ( gold4 ,mix ! asphaltum ) good coa* japan & turp5t9e1 half & half4 ,ref]5ce to ,fig4 #a1 & to ! o!r accompany+ illu/rations1 w indicate m accurately ?an pr9t$ directions ! p>ts ( a scroll requir+ %ades4 ,! inadequacy ( writt5 in/ructions tea*+ ! p>ticul> portions ( ! ornam5t to be high-light$ mu/ be app>5t to ! read]4 ,broadly speak+1 :]e ! /ronge/ light /rikes !re high lights %\ld be4 ,= a really practical insight ( ?is phase ( ! "w ! /ud5t %\ld /udy examples ( f9i%$ scrolls done 9 ! highe/ /yle ( ! art4 ,! gold scroll %ad$ ) asphaltum invites high-light+ ) :ite or cream color4 ,illu/ration ,9 ! execution ( relief scrolls x is ne$ful to obs]ve3 #a4--;,all ornam5ts mu/ h a reason--a useful ?+ done 9 a graceful way4 #b4--;,e l9e %\ld be boldly1 cle>ly1 & elegantly drawn4 #c4--;,h>mony ( design1 balance ( proportions1 sympa!tic =mation ( ! v>i\s p>ts1 dem& vigilant ma9t5ance4 #d4--,orig9ality ( design1 ) e "p hav+ an intimate relation%ip1 an indivisible connection ) e o!r "p1 is indisp5sable4 ,9 ! execution ( a relief scroll1 or any /yle ( scroll = t matt]1 x is a factor ( ! fir/ importance t ! surface be smoo? & ?or\ghly dry4 ,illu/ration ,a great deal ( bus9ess vehicle scroll+ is necess>ily done ^u ! color-&-v>ni% coat or ^u cle> rubb+ v>ni%4 ,to prev5t ! gold leaf 79 case gold is us$7 f adh]+ to ! v>ni% coat1 v>i\s exp$i5ts h be5 resort$ to1 among :i* ! :it+ p\nce figures z ! mo/ effective & ! easie/ appli$4 ,o!r recipes include rubb+ ! surface ) a ?9 solution ( />* & wat]1 or glaz+ x ) ! :ite ( an egg1 or wa%+ x ) :it+ & wat]1 or apply+ a ?9 film ( potato />* ^u x4 ,good gild+ size is v ess5tial 9 ! art ( scroll+4 ,! light & easy :irls ( ! p5cil _c be done ) a size unsuit$ = ! purpose4 ,moreov]1 %op requirem5ts h to be met1 & !y may impose a limit ( two h\rs 9 :i* ! size mu/ dry today1 & tomorr[ t limit may be ext5d$ to f\r h\rs or ev5 long]1 & p]haps--al?\gh 9 ^! days ( ocean rac]s & ,black ,diamond fly]s ?is may be a remote possibility--! size w be expect$ to hold ov] night1 aft] its application1 be=e be+ gild$4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,quick size4--,gold size japan1 #e p>ts2 fat oil1 #a "p4 ,) a da% ( japan gr\nd *rome yell[1 ?is size w dry to safely leaf ov] 9 #a_/b h\r4 ,m$ium quick size4--,gold size japan1 #d p>ts2 fat oil1 #b p>ts4 ,f\r-h\r size4--,gold size japan & fat oil1 9 proportions ( #b_/c japan to #a_/c oil4 ,ov]-night size4--,fat oil ) a few drops ( gold size japan add$4 ,! sl[ dry+ size works bett] & af=ds a m satisfactory job ( gild+ ?an does ! quick] mixture1 ! gold inv>iably tak+ a f9e burni% ov] ! sl[1 fat oil size4 ,! be/ obta9able fat oil is made by conf9+ boil$ l9se$ oil 9 a bottle & expos+ = a long "t to ! sun4 ,to pa9t relief scrolls 9 colors is1 9 "s respects1 m difficult ?an do+ !m 9 gold or alum9um leaf1 & :ile ! radiant comb9ations ( pigm5ts furni% /rik+ effects1 !re is lack+ 9 ! pa9t$ scroll a ri*ness1 an elegance1 an ari/ocratic display1 t con/itute di/9ctive attributes ( ! gild$ scroll4 ,! color ( ! surface ^u :i* ! scroll is to be pa9t$ %\ld1 ( c\rse1 gov]n ! color 9 :i* ! scroll is to be laid4 ,= example3 ,if ! gr\nd be a light can>y color1 fir/ fill ! outl9es ( ! scroll ) a pale %ade ( br[n4 ,!n deep5 ! br[n fully ?ree %ades1 & beg9 ! %ad+ ( ! scroll1 bl5d+ ! deep] color into ! light] s t a gradual melt+ away f d>k to light is ! result4 ,next deep5 ! br[n a %ade or two & place ! d>ke/ %ades1 bl5d+ !m c>efully into ! light] ones1 b tak+ c>e n to ext5d ! bl5d+ into ! p>ts previ\sly bl5d$4 ,next take a little black & run a r f9e l9e ( ! color z a %ad[ to ! scroll1 ! %ad[ usually be+ plac$ to ! "r ( ! scroll & at ! bottom4 ,?is %ad[ l9e1 to be prop]ly develop$1 %\ld increase & dim9i% z ! curves & twi/s are def9$4 ,a ?91 f9e glaze ( asphaltum is !n plac$ inside ! black to %ade & modulate x4 ,"s lights ( m$ium *rome yell[ are next ?r[n 91 & ! high lights foll[+ are b a %ade or two remov$ f :ite4 ,to l5d piquancy & a bit ( w>m? to ! scroll1 a few t\*es ( v]milion1 flick+ ! spirals "h & !re b inv>iably well remov$ f ! l[] edge ( ! patt]n1 are add$4 ,in/ructions1 h[ev] c>efully !y may be word$1 are ( b comp>atively meagre helpfulness to ! novice 9 pa9t+ scrolls 9 colors4 ,correctly color$ illu/rations ( scrolls done by su* ma/]s z ,web]1 ,ku5zel & ,r$mond1 %\ld be dilig5tly /udi$4 ,illu/ration ,! h>mony ( colors is ! controll+ factor 9 ! art s*eme ( a color-wr\ght scroll4 ,once p]fectly famili> ) ?is1 ! ambiti\s /ud5t %\ld enc\nt] no insurm\ntable h9drances to success z a scroll work] 9 colors4 ,ref]r+ to ! relief scrolls :i* illu/rate ! text ( ?is *apt]1 we w\ld call att5tion to ,fig4 #a4 ,if ?is be execut$ 9 gold x may1 z previ\sly sugge/$1 be %ad$ ) asphaltum1 or asphaltum & yell[ lake c be us$1 & ! high lights done 9 a light tone ( ,naples yell[4 ,p]haps ! workman may wi% to imp>t to ! deepe/ %ad+ a look ( remot5ess4 ,?is c be done by giv+ ! d>k %ades a ?9 wa% ( "s transp>5t glaz+ color1 z1 say1 c>m9e1 purple1 & crimson lake1 or ultram>9e blue ( ! diff]5t %ades4 ,9 ,fig4 #b we h a panel design compos$ 9 small "p ( ! orig9al ,roman scroll & 9 l>ge "p ( ! m mod]n /yle4 ,lay ?is scroll 9 gold1 & !n apply a coat ( cle> rubb+ v>ni% ov] ! ornam5t be=e %ad+1 high-light+1 etc4 ,a scroll ( ?is patt]n1 ca/ 9 some:at delicate outl9es1 mu/ be v c>efully %ad$1 & if ! %ad+ be done ov] ! rubb+ v>ni%1 ! t5d5cy to cl\d & blur w be ov]come4 ,9 %ad+1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to pres]ve ! =m & outl9es ( ! design1 & ?is c be/ be done by mak+ ! %ade color decid$ly semi-transp>5t4 ,to high-light ?is scroll1 cream1 orange1 can>y *rome1 or pure :ite may be us$ to advantage4 ,an ornam5t ( ?is /yle looks v cat*y & h&some done 9 alum9um leaf4 ,x is /rik+ly neat on almo/ any d>k gr\nd1 ) ! s+le exception1 p]haps1 ( black2 & x is especially pleas+ aga9/ ! num]\s yell[s s popul> n[adays4 ,us$ on ! pale yell[ gr\nds1 h[ev]1 x is se5 to ! be/ advantage ) portions ( ! design glaz$ ) a wa% ( v]digris1 ultram>9e blue1 or c>m9e4 ,! f9e l9e is !n done 9 orange or ,tuscan r$4 ,fig4 #c is a r %[y design1 ( easy =m1 hav+ = a small space none ( ! heavy appe>ance ( ! ,roman scroll4 ,?is scroll is int5d$ = ! panel ( a bus9ess wagon4 ,if done 9 gold1 ! directions = its execution h already be5 advanc$4 ,! broad l9e /rip+ environ+ ! scroll gives an admirable effect if done 9 alum9um4 ,! di/ance f9e l9e c be drawn 9 ! high-light+ color us$ on ! scroll1 or x af=ds an illum9at+ effect done 9 orange & glaz$ ) c>m9e4 ,! size ( ! panel %\ld gov]n ! size ( ! broad /ripe "h %[n4 ,x may run f #c_/h in* to #e_/h in*4 ,fig4 #d illu/rates a corn] ornam5t = a l>ge bus9ess vehicle or omnibus panel4 ,x c be laid 9 gold & %ad$ & light$ z p] directions above4 ,if ^u a deep yell[1 orange1 or buff gr\nd1 x c be done to ! *>m ( a ri* effect by ca/+ x 9 alum9um1 %ad+ ) gold1 & pick+ out ) da9ty flicks ( black4 ,fig4 #e looks effective on ! ends ( small panels4 ,on yell[ or creamy gr\nds ! f9e l9es may be drawn 9 orange glaz$ ) c>m9e1 & ! ornam5ts 9 alum9um4 ,%ade ) burnt umb] & burnt si5na1 & ! %ade side ( ! %ad+ spla% lightly ) deep blue & ! high-light bord]s ) light blue4 ,on d>k gr\nds ! f9e l9es may be done 9 orange1 c>m9e1 blue1 alum9um1 etc41 & ! relief ornam5ts 9 gold4 ,figs4 #f & #g1 ornam5ts = panel ends1 & #h & #i1 corn] ornam5ts1 all light up a surface radiantly plac$ 9 gold or alum9um1 or !y r5d] a pleas+ effect done 9 colors4 ,ornam5ts ( ! ord] ( ,figs4 #g1 #h1 & #i display a da%+ appe>ance done 9 ?ree or f\r %ades ( gre5 aga9/ pure :ite1 gold color1 light sulphur yell[1 ,naples yell[1 or can>y yell[ gr\nds1 black %ad+s be+ us$ to t\* (f ! correct effect4 ,su* ornam5ts1 to be sure1 :5 pa9t$ 9 colors %\ld prop]ly be made to respond closely to ! laws ( h>mony & contra/4 ,too gl>+ colors or t9ts us$ ^u goodly siz$ surfaces are viol5tly detrim5tal to arti/ic decorative effects4 ,fig4 #aj is *iefly ( ! flat ornam5t /yle1 ! c5t] %ell only be+ ?r[n 9 relief4 ,?is corn] piece is done 9 gold ) ! %ell %ad$ & light$1 or1 z is frequ5tly ! case1 ! %ell may be done 9 alum9um1 & wa%$ out ) ! prop] relief colors4 ,illu/ration ,,flat ,,scrolls4 ,! flat scroll is di/+ui%$ f ! relief scroll 9 t x is lack+ 9 all =ms ( relief ornam5tation4 ,! flat scroll is va/ly m simple 9 its work+ out2 h5ce _m workm5 essay ! flat scroll :o "u no circum/ances w\ld attempt to execute a relief design4 ,! flat scroll is almo/ inv>iably fir/ plac$ ^u ! surface ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! p\nce patt]n1 & x is !n fill$ 94 ,! design ( ! flat scroll once laid out on pap]1 ! pa9t] us$ to manipulat+ a lett]+ or /rip+ p5cil c readily fill 9 ! outl9es4 ,! design+ ( ! flat scroll c be/ be done ^u manilla pap]1 ! trac+s be+ execut$ ) a lead p5cil4 ,!n lay ! pap] ov] a d\ble ?ickness (1 say1 railway c> plu% & pick out ! l9es ) a small awl4 ,on wagon "w ! flat scroll put on by means ( /5cils is n (t5 se54 ,9 ! railway c> pa9t %op ! flat scroll is usually /5cil$ on4 ,"s decid$ly captivat+ examples ( flat scroll "w are to be obs]v$ ^u _m bus9ess vehicles 9 ! l>g] t[ns & cities4 ,_m ( ^! scrolls are laid 9 pla9 gold or alum9um1 9 a v>iety ( colors1 z well z 9 colors & gold1 & v (t5 alum9um4 ,frequ5tly ! heavie/ p>ts1 leaves1 etc41 are edg$ ) "s ri*ly adorn+ color1 & q z (t5 ! ve9+ ( ! leaves is trac$ into prom95ce4 ,! accompany+ eight illu/rations ( flat scrolls1 corn]1 end1 & c5t] panel patt]ns1 w1 x is hop$1 af=d at lea/ a helpful work+ idea ( ! possibilities ( ! flat scroll /yle ( vehicle ornam5tation4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,lett]+3 ,,wagon ,,lett]+ ,,z ,,di/+ui%$ ,,f ,,sign ,,writ+--,,po9ts ,,on ,,le>n+ ,,! ,,art--,,lay+ ,,out1 ,,spac+1 ,,outl9+--,,%ad+--,,punctuation--,,alpha bets3 ,,roman--,,modifi$ ,,block--,,ornam5tal--,,grecian4 ,,designs ,,= ,,bus9ess ,,wagon ,,panels1 ,,etc4 ,( late ye>s ! art ( sign writ+1 or1 9 ! spee* ( ! %op1 lett]+1 has come to be s g5]ally reg>d$ z p>ticul>ly di/9ct & ap>t f ! o!r bran*es ( pa9t+1 hav+ a lit]ature ri* & div]sifi$ 9 its res\rces1 t1 at fir/ ?\ght1 x w\ld seem p]fectly feasible & prop] to omit f ^! *apt]s any attempt to deal ) ! subject4 ,nev]!less1 ^u fur!r consid]ation ! writ] has pref]r$ to accept ! art1 = ! pres5t at lea/1 z an indivisible "p ( ! c>riage & wagon pa9t]'s %op practice2 & :ile a ?or\gh exposition ( mod]n sign writ+ w\ld necess>ily trespass immod]ately ^u ! space allott$ to ! num]\s & vitally ess5tial phases ( c>riage & wagon pa9t+1 & _c1 !re=e1 be ent]$ into1 to ignore ! bran* altoge!r might fairly be br&$ z too palpable an ov]sight to m]it excuse4 ,happily1 h[ev]1 ! art ( sign writ+ has be5 s ext5sively treat$ ^u 9 num]\s books devot$ specially to ! subject1 & 9 hundr$s ( exhau/ive magaz9e articles1 t x becomes necess>y 9 ?is *apt] to t\* only ^u ! sali5t features ( ! "w z !y directly conc]n & apply to ! int]e/s ( ! c>riage & wagon pa9t]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,roman ,,alphabet4 ,n lat] ?an fifte5 ye>s ago ! /&>d /yles ( ! wagon lett]] consi/$ ( ab\t five alphabets4 ,! mod]n sign writ] & lett]]1 enc\rag$ & direct$ by ! =ces ( rec5t bus9ess developm5t1 has to a l>ge ext5t demoli%$ ?is /&>d1 sub/itut+ !re= :at is g5]ally accept$ z up-to-date sign writ+--a /yle t readily admits ( ! employm5t ( :atev] =m or /yle ( lett] w be/ & mo/ vividly adv]tise ! bus9ess x is int5d$ to h]ald4 ,compla9ts h be5 s\nd$ 9 widely read publications to ! effect t x 0 at "o "t ! wagon lett]]'s good =tune to possess an occupation & a "n above t ( ! sign writ]4 ,8 "w1 we are told1 c\ld be quickly di/+ui%$ f ! ord9>y lett]] or sign pa9t] by its boldness & ! c>e giv5 to details4 ,^! days h gone by1 & we f9d ! well-kn[n & approv$ /yle ( ! wagon lett]] pro/itut$ to ! idiosyncrasies ( h\se & sign pa9t]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,roman ,,num]als4 ,su* compla9ts1 we are free to say1 are 9 ! ma9 exagg]at$4 ,! wagon lett]] has n be51 nor is he 9 any pres5t dang] ( be+1 ,o!llo-l1 )\t an occupation4 ,moreov]1 despite ! adoption by ! wagon lett]]s ( ^? /yles :i* mo/ completely respond to ! dictates ( mod]n bus9ess1 !re /ill rema9 c]ta9 m>k$ *>act]i/ics ( ! vehicle lett]]'s "w :i* di/+ui% x f ! ef=ts ( ! mo/ f9i%$ sign writ]4 ,n t ! "w ( ! wagon lett]] diff]s conspicu\sly f t ( ! exp]t g5]al sign writ]--! field ( up-to-date sign "w hav+ m]g$ ! two bran*es into close relation%ip--b ! diff]5ce is manife/1 z be=e said1 9 *>act]i/ics mo/ pla9ly unmi/akable4 ,naturally1 ?is v>iation %\ld occur4 ,a sign t w\ld appe> legible & clean cut ^u a build+ might1 if transf]r$ to ! panel ( a m or less rapidly mov+ vehicle1 prove unreadable & hopelessly indi/9ct4 ,a sign atta*$ to a build+ or o!r /ation>y object admits ( /udy f ! v>i\s po9ts ( ! compass1 f ne> by or af> (f4 ,x is n a fleet+ %[ z 9 case ( ! vehicle sign1 subject to laws ( propulsion :i* v>y to meet exi/+ bus9ess exig5cies4 ,illu/ration3 ,,modifi$ ,,block ,,alphabet4 ,p]spective effects1 heights1 wid?s1 ?ickness ( l9es1 etc41 because ( ! usually g5]\s sweep ( space at comm&1 z secur$ by ! sign writ]1 d n come )9 ! scope ( ! wagon lett]]'s activity1 save 9 r>e in/ances4 ,ord9>ily wagon spaces to be lett]$ are ( dw>f$ dim5sions & q commonly ca/ 9 irregul> outl9es4 ,9 wagon lett]+1 :5ev] possible1 ! ext5d$ lett] frequ5tly has ! pref]5ce4 ,an able & widely obs]vant critic says x might almo/ be said t ! cu/om>y spe$ ( a vehicle c be measur$ by ! degree ( elongation :i* ! lett]] gives to 8 "w1 ! lightn+ express c> repres5t+ ! ultimatum 9 "o direction1 :ile ! mammo? furniture van1 ) its high art panels1 is *>act]i/ic ( ! o!r4 ,! *ief di/+ui%+ feature ( wagon lett]+1 z contra/$ ) ! av]age results ( sign writ+1 is f\nd 9 ! wid] v>iety ( elegant color effects to be rem>k$ ( ! fir/ nam$4 ,! wagon lett]] essays glaz+ ) _m ( ! beautiful transp>5t pigm5ts1 & 9 ?is wise br+s =? *>m+ comb9ations 9 color seldom attempt$ by ! sign writ]4 ,! wagon lett]]'s "w is done1 z a rule1 ) quick dry+ colors or size1 & almo/ inv>iably is v>ni%$ ov]4 ,surface smoo?ness is !re=e ) him a matt] ( ! fir/ importance4 ,! art ( ! wagon lett]] is compos$ ( _m difficulties1 ea* ( :i* mu/ be surm\nt$ ere ! le>n] c hope to /& among ! select few & quaff ! foam f ! beak] ( success4 ,h[ev]1 let me say t a ?or\gh ma/]y ( ! art is wor? all ! toil1 pati5t /udy1 dilig5t practice1 & appli$ en]gy ! aspirant may *oose to exp5d4 ,to a*ieve pr(ici5cy 9 ?is bran* ( pa9t+1 x is advisable to practice outl9+ lett]s ) a *alk crayon1 or1 pref]ably1 pipe clay on a goodly siz$ blackbo>d4 ,all l9es1 /raight or curv$1 %\ld be drawn 9 free h&1 & ! practice ought1 prop]ly1 to be regul>ly cont9u$ until ! workman acquires a reliable degree ( precision4 ,ease1 fre$om1 & a ma/]ly comm& ( ! h&1 c\pl$ ) a fairly un]r+ accuracy ( ! eye1 are ju/ly indisp5sable accompli%m5ts 9 sign writ+ or wagon lett]+4 ,abs5ce ( me*anical aids w r5d] free h& & eye "w m assur$4 ,_m admitt$ly fir/-class sign writ]s practice m>k+ out ) rule1 compass1 & l9e e lett] :i* !y produce1 insi/+ ^u me*anical accuracy 9 lay+ out z ! only correct means ( develop+ /yle4 ,su* workm51 un=tunately1 7 probably indiff]5t1 9 appr5tice%ip days1 to ! advantages to be d]iv$ f free h& draw+1 & be+ /rang]s to !m !y f9d !mselves greatly h&icapp$ !reby4 ,illu/ration3 ,,modifi$ ,,block ,,num]als4 ,! free-h& & rule-rivall+-eye me*anic goes to 8 space to be lett]$ & aft] a swift1 accurate /udy ( ! limitations & cont\r ( t space1 z a basis = ! lett] con/ruction1 includ+ /yle1 height1 ?ickness1 etc41 he snaps ! necess>y top & bottom l9es & proce$s to rapidly1 b lightly1 sket* out 8 lett]s4 ,fairly m>vel\s examples ( ?is mann] ( me*anics are to be enc\nt]$ 9 sign & wagon e/abli%m5ts4 ,su* m5 are r>ely ev] 9 se>* ( a job4 ,! job is mo/ly 9 %>p se>* ( !m4 ,su* skill & facility 9 execution ( lay outs is n ga9$ 9 a day4 ,an em95t vehicle lett]] once told ! writ] t he 0 glad to h acquir$ ! 'knack' ( accurate free h& & eye "w aft] ye>s ( practice4 ,at pres5t !re are b\ndless fields ( orig9ality await+ ! sign writ] & vehicle lett]]4 ,imitation ( ! /yles ( exp]t lett]]s may ) ! beg9n] lead up to nobl] examples ( ! art--= has n ! sage :isp]$ t g5ius kn[s only ! "r ( conque/8--b to ! appr5tice1 fir$ ) ! sacr$ sp>k ( ambition1 copy+ w n long suffice4 ,! ackn[l$g$ be/ examples ( sign writ+ & wagon lett]+ %\ld s]ve z ! beg9n]'s model1 r ?an ! "w ( any s+le practition] ( ! art4 ,! fact t ! "w ( e lett]] has a c]ta91 positive individuality ( /yle furni%es ! be/ possible reason :y ! le>n] %\ld /rive to avoid copy+ cont9u\sly ! v>i\s alphabets ( any individual exp]t to ! exclusion ( all o!rs4 ,,lay+ ,,out1 ,,spac+1 ,,outl9+1 ,,& ,,balanc+ ( a job ( wagon lett]+ are factors ( *ief conc]n4 ,! arti/ic & really beautiful example ( lett]+ is br\ght =? only :5 praisewor?y skill is ex]cis$ 9 execut+ ! op]ations nam$4 ,individuality ( workman%ip is bas$ ^u ! /yle ( lay+ out4 ,a workman practic$ 9 h&l+ a lett]+ or /rip+ p5cil c v soon ma/] ! difficulties ( pa9t+ a lett] aft] x is outl9$4 ,! job accurately & arti/ically laid out1 ev5 if lett]$ 9 a mann] n /rictly up to ! /&>d1 w f> m effectively fulfill its mission z a "w ( art ?an w ! "o prop]ly p5cil$ b improp]ly design$4 ,! key1 !n1 to f9e wagon lett]+ may be embrac$ 9 ! "w ( lay+ out4 ,to pres5t rules by :i* ! workman may at all times & closely abide 9 prep>+ a contemplat$ design = lett] pa9t+ w\ld be impracticable because ! lay+ out1 ) its att5dant features1 mu/ con=m to ! size1 =m1 & g5]al condition ( ! surface4 ,9 lay+ out1 ! be/ expon5ts ( ! art are agre$ t x is advisable to employ z few l9es z possible4 ,! few] l9es1 ! m grace1 fre$om1 & easy poise ( ! lett]s4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( 8 c>e] ! lett]] w probably ne$ ! aid ( f\r l9es1 two = ! top limbs & two = ! bottom limbs ( ! lett]s4 ,z he ga9s 9 skill & exp]i5ce ! two inside l9es may be disp5s$ )4 ,!n ) ! ev] pres5t divid]s 9 h& ! space s l9$ out may be t\*$ (f until ! necess>y divisions to accommodate ! lett]s desir$ 9 ! l9e are spac$4 ,g5]ally speak+1 all lett]s1 except ,w1 ,m1 ,j1 & ,i1 h equal spaces1 "o squ>e1 = example4 ,m & ,w require a bit m space1 ,i & ,j a bit less4 ,!re is to be rem>k$ a consid]able v>iation 9 ! space betwe5 lett]s1 "s ( ! lett]s be+ full 9 =m & "s op54 ,9 ! use ( ,l1 ,f1 ,j1 ,a1 ,v1 ,w1 ,t1 ,y1 only half ! space giv5 to ! o!r lett]s is all[able1 & 9 ! plac+ ( ,v & ,l less ?an half is p]missible1 "o lett] be+ advanc$ well into ! space all[$ ! o!r4 ,! lett] ,i is 9 "s respects a difficult lett] to space correctly4 ,:5 x *ances to be ca/ betwe5 two lett]s occupy+ full squ>es ea* x w require m ?an ! usual space1 o!rwise1 be+ a ne$le-l lett]1 x w be elb[$ out ( easy location4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ornam5tal ,,alphabet ,,no4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ornam5tal ,,alphabet ,,no4 #b4 ,! vehicle lett]]1 daily practic+ 8 art1 w frequ5tly f9d himself confront$ ) words or comb9ations ( words to :i* rules ( spac+1 h[ev] c>efully !y may be laid d[n1 d n apply4 ,9 su* cases h>d & fa/ rules ( spac+ _c be successfully obs]v$4 ,spac+ to suit individual requirem5ts mu/ !n obta94 ,"h a lett] may be mov$ f its ne>e/ neighbor a little m ?an its ord9>ily allott$ space w\ld p]mit2 !re a lett] is plac$ clos] to its neighbor ?an ! rules usually all[4 ,! position ( sev]al lett]s may be di/urb$ 9 ord] t ! ^w or words may display a correctly spac$ appe>ance4 ,vehicle lett]]s inv>iably devote "o-half ( a lett] space to sep>ate capital lett]s ( names4 ,?is spac+ furni%es ! capitals ) pl5ty ( prom95ce & makes pla9 & di/9ct ! :ole "n4 ,usually ! half ( a lett] space is plac$ betwe5 words4 ,?is half1 h[ev]1 may v>y some:at z ! size & g5]al con=mation ( ! surface may indicate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,grecian ,,alphabet4 ,9 outl9+ lett]s _m ( our be/ vehicle lett]]s advise us+ no inside l9es1 ! extreme out] l9es only be+ employ$4 ,?is me?od ( outl9+ precludes ! possibility ( becom+ confus$ on acc\nt ( a multiplicity ( l9es1 ! spac+ may be m accurately judg$1 & enl>g$ pr(ici5cy 9 free h& "w is atta9$4 ,especially 9 ! fir/ draft ( a lett] design is ! use ( ! outside l9es only to be comm5d$4 ,! balance ( a lett] or a s]ies ( lett]s is t effect :i* gives legibility & arti/ic proportions to ! design4 ,a top-heavy appe>ance is a fatal defect 9 a lett]4 ,to prop]ly balance a lett] is to s proportion x t x w imm$iately give ! effect ( be+ able1 if cut out ( ?ick bo>d1 to /& ^u its base solid1 secure1 & 9 no dang] ( toppl+ ov]4 ,= a cle>] illu/ration ( ! significance ( balanc+ lett]s1 inv]t "s ( ! accompany+ examples ( ,x1 ,s1 ,z1 etc4 ,! base ( ! lett] ,s1 if made ! same size z ! apex1 w\ld ?r[ ! lett] sadly out ( balance4 ,9 spac+ & outl9+ a lett] design1 ! matt] ( %ad+ %\ld be consid]$1 & a ne$$ all[ance made !re= if %ad+ is to be done4 ,,%ad+4 ,_m sign writ]s cont5d t %ad+ a lett] is no?+ m or less ?an mak+ an artificial repres5tation ( a rais$ lett]1 & consequ5tly requires a f9e light %ade ^u ! top & left side ( ! lett]1 & a d>k "o ^u ! bottom & "r side4 ,=m]ly1 vehicle lett]]s did n admit ! propriety ( ?is way ( %ad+1 insi/+ t ! %ades %\ld be on ! "r side & bottom4 ,only 9 case ( sunk-bottom vehicles 7 ! %ades ca/ on ! top & "r side4 ,x 0 consid]$ deplorably out ( =m to ?r[ a %ade to ! left ( ! lett]4 ,b ! swift tide ( up-to-date lett] "w has left its impress ^u ! /yle ( %ad+ 9 vogue1 & x is n[ rem>k$ z admissible to ca/ ! %ades at any desir$ angle & ^u any desir$ side ( ! lett]s4 ,nev]!less1 x is ! lead+ cu/om among vehicle lett]]s to ca/ ! %ad+ on ! "r side & at ! bottom ( ! lett]s4 ,exp]t expon5ts ( ! art av] t indiscrim9ate %ad+ ( lett]s robs _! "w ( its individuality4 ,illu/ration ,prop]ly1 ! %ade ( a lett] z x is g5]ally und]/ood may be def9$ z t lett]'s ?ickness or dep?4 ,h[ev]1 t :i* is /rictly & correctly ! %ade ( a lett] is ! ca/ %ad[ & x belongs to ! side opposite ! ?ickness ( ! lett]4 ,! ca/ %ad[ usually consi/s ( a ?9 wa% or glaz+ ( ! gr\nd color1 & except+ its use ^u light color$ gr\nds1 x is n ext5sively employ$4 ,! wagon lett]] resorts g5]\sly to lett] %ad+1 us+ s+le1 d\ble1 & treble %ades1 z ! requirem5ts ( 8 bus9ess sugge/4 ,9 ?is "w1 skill z a colori/ ( ! fir/ ord] is dem&$1 a l>ge am\nt ( %ad+ be+ execut$ by ! manipulation ( glaz+ colors4 ,9 d\ble or treble %ad+ x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! d>ke/ %ade inv>iably belongs ne>e/ ! lett]4 ,moreov]1 ! lett]1 & n ! %ade1 %\ld display ! mo/ prom95t color4 ,9 respect to lett]s laid 9 gold1 silv]1 or alum9um1 x is advisable to make ! %ade t\* ! leaf4 ,lett]s done 9 pigm5t are frequ5tly giv5 a free %ade :i* consi/s 9 p]mitt+ a small space ( ! surface color to sep>ate ! lett] & ! %ade4 ,! close %ade describes ! %ade t is all[$ to jo9 ! lett]4 ,a %ade looks unga9ly & ill proportion$ if made wid] ?an ! b>s ( ! lett]1 except+1 ( c\rse1 ! treatm5t ( ! bottom %ades1 :i* are (t5 made a little heavi] ?an ! p]p5dicul> ones4 ,?is heavi] bottom %ad+ is bas$ ^u ! assumption t ! sun ca/s a heavi] %ade to ! bottom 9 proportion to ! angle ( light4 ,:ile ! %ad+ is g5]ally ca/ aga9/ ! lett] at an angle ( =ty-five degrees1 x is necess>ily incl9$ m ne>ly to a p]p5dicul> :5 ! bottom ( ! lett] is m heavily %ad$ ?an ! sides4 ,"s alphabets d n admit ( %ad+1 & o!rs require v little1 z comp>$ to /ill o!rs4 ,a portion ( "s lett]s 9 c]ta9 /yles ( alphabets w\ld pres5t a *ok$ up & inh>moni\s appe>ance if trick$ out 9 a %ade ( uni=m weight4 ,?us1 ,b1 ,k1 ,g1 ,n1 ,s h body angles :i* d n admit ( s heavy a %ade z p]p5dicul> or bottom lett]s4 ,9 %ad+ x %\ld be a p>am\nt rule to closely /udy ! tone ( ! gr\nd1 to ! end t ! mo/ natural %ad[ be *os51 "o t is 9 /rict h>mony ) ! colors ( bo? ! lett]+ & ! gr\ndwork4 ,h>moni\s & effective color s*emes h greatly to d ) f9e results 9 ! art ( wagon lett]+4 ,illu/ration ,gold lett]+ on black & :ite gr\nds may be effectively %ad$ ) almo/ any color b t ( ! yell[ ord]4 ,a well-kn[n au?ority advises ! use ( ! ri*e/ & mo/ p]man5t tones ( r$1 gre51 blue1 & umb] %ades 9 %ad+ gold lett]s plac$ on color$ gr\nds4 ,r$s1 especially ! int5se & mo/ brilliant r$s1 are w>m1 advanc+ colors = %ad+ gold lett]s4 ,imag9e1 if y please1 a m /rik+ly h&some comb9ation ?an a gold lett] %ad$ ) r$ ca/ aga9/ a gr\nd ( "s "o ( ! fa%ionable gre5s4 ,or rev]se ! /yle1 & put ! gold lett] ^u a gr\nd ( c>m9e glaz$ ov] flam+o r$1 %ad+ ) gre54 ,blue1 z a %ade1 produces a cool1 di/ant effect4 ,black lett]s may be usually %ad$ ) any ( ! prim>y or second>y colors4 ,9 %ad+ x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t complem5t>y colors _c always be ta/efully comb9$4 ,z1 = in/ance1 yell[ & orange w\ld n look fet*+ to any ext5t :5 %ad$ ) blue1 al?\gh reg>d$ z complem5t>y4 ,! le>n] %\ld apply himself /udi\sly to ! /udy ( happy & h>moni\s color effects 9 ! matt] ( %ad+4 ,,punctuation4 ,a /aid old axiom has x t art & education are tw9 si/]s1 b ! examples ( punctuation z se5 9 wagon lett]+ (t5 met ) sugge/ ! inf]5ce t ! vehicle lett]] is n sl[1 at times1 to (f] a />tl+ contradiction to ! axiom4 ,! s5se ( con/ruction & mean+ c be quickly & effectually de/roy$ 9 a piece ( lett]+ by a bit ( bad punctuation4 ,! simple misplac+ ( a comma1 p]iod1 or apo/rophe1--ab\t ! only punctuation m>ks deem$ necess>y at pres5t to br+ out ! full mean+ & make symmetrical a job ( vehicle lett]+--(t5 results 9 disfigur+ an o!rwise really m]itori\s piece ( "w4 ,! late ,mr4 ,geo4 ,w4 ,w4 ,h\ghton has def9$ ! object ( punctuation1 to s divide writt5 or pr9t$ s5t5ces t ! mean+ may be made m visibly cle>4 ,illu/ration ,9 vehicle lett]+ z n[ practic$ ! m /rik+ & illum9ative words & phrases are set =? 9 sep>ate l9es1 ea* l9e1 z a rule1 c>ry+ a diff]5t size & a diff]5t /yle ( lett]4 ,?is sy/em ( vividly illum9at+ & emphasiz+ vehicle lett]+ has r$uc$ ! ne$ ( punctuation to ! m9imum2 b x r5d]s ! necessity ( a wise & judici\s use ( punctuation m>ks none ! less imp]ative4 ,9 no way t we are aw>e ( c ! in=mation :i* a l9e ( lett]+ is int5d$ to convey be s cle>ly p]v]t$ z ?r\gh ! m$ium ( a flagrant error 9 punctuation4 ,a sweep ( lett]+ done accord+ to ! mo/ approv$ /&>d ( lett] =m & con/ruction1 b improp]ly punctuat$1 is at be/ only a di/ort$ & de=m$ example ( workman%ip4 ,! adv]tis+ pages ( ! big magaz9es (f] f9e advantages = ! accumulation ( reliable po9t]s ^u ! accept$ practice ( mod]n newspap] & magaz9e punctuation4 ,to su* s\rces ! read] is invit$ to g if he w\ld pr(it by ! examples set =? by ackn[l$g$ ma/]s ( ! art ( punctuation4 ,,alphabets4 ,! ,roman alphabet is easily ! mo/ beautiful & engag+ ( all ! alphabets us$ by ! wagon lett]]4 ,x is an alphabet ( impressively graceful l9es1 curves fl[+ easy r ?an exact1 ) no?+ ab\t x to sugge/ a lack ( fre$om or easy repose4 ,! ,roman lett]1 z conceiv$ by ! mod]n s*ool ( ,am]ican sign writ]s & lett]]s1 is at once ! mo/ picturesque & ! mo/ difficult to execute ( any /yle kn[n4 ,x is a lett] ( sev]e requirem5ts1 en=c+ 9 its prop] execution a v facile & skill$ manipulation ( all ! aids at ! comm& ( ! workman4 ,inf]ior quality ( "w _c be conceal$ 9 ! ,roman lett]4 ,e curve ( its noble =m mu/ be br\ght out & fully r\nd$ if ! lett] is to be :at its "n implies4 ,accompany+ ?is *apt] is a ,roman alphabet1 & :ile !re are a numb] ( /yles dignifi$ "u ! title ( ,roman !y are all =m$ on ! same g5]al pr9ciple4 ,! ,roman alphabet is des]v$ly held 9 high e/eem by vehicle lett]]s & sign writ]s ! c\ntry ov]4 ,x is mo/ commonly adapt$ to ! ne$s ( wagon lett]+1 especially4 ,x is easily read & c be greatly ext5d$1 if necess>y1 )\t injury to its bold & legible *>act]i/ics4 ,! di/9ctive features ( ! individual lett]s conta9$ 9 ! ,roman alphabet are briefly summ>iz$ z foll[s3 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,a has its cross b> drawn at two-fif?s ( its height4 ,prop]ly x %\ld be wid] ?an ! ,h or ,n4 ,! c5t] b> ( ,b belongs above ! c5t] ( ! lett]4 ,c is n drawn 9 a p]fect circle4 ,abrupt curves %\ld be avoid$ & ! exact l9es ( ! divid]s disc>d$4 ,d requires c>e 9 execution1 its l>ge sweep+ curve be+ a difficult "o to control4 ,e goes a bit wid] ?an its height1 ) b> above c5t]4 ,f is frequ5tly drawn a trifle n>r[] ?an ,e4 ,rem>ks made conc]n+ ,c apply to ,g4 ,keep cross b> ( ,h above ! c5t]4 ,its wid? %\ld be ab\t equal to its height4 ,i is v easy to make & ne$s no description4 ,j is a little n>r[] ?an ! o!r lett]s4 ,k is entitl$ to ab\t ! same space z ,h4 ,! cut %[s :]e ! angles ( ! lett] meet4 ,l & ,m occupy consid]ably m space ?an o!r lett]s4 ,n requires ! same space z ,h4 ,o is a little wid] ?an ,c4 ,! necessity = ?is increas$ wid? w become imm$iately pla9 to "o :o w fir/ make ,c & !n und]take to conf9e ,o 9 ! same circle4 ,! proportion ( ,p is %[n 9 ! alphabet4 ,q1 along ) ,o1 ne$s easy1 sweep+ curves to be/ display its =m4 ,make ! app5dage clean cut & bold4 ,x has be5 said t a wagon lett]]'s /&>d z an arti/ is det]m9$ by ! quality ( 8 ,roman ,r's4 ,be t z x may1 ,r is rightfully reg>d$ z a difficult lett] to execute4 ,! cross b> usually goes 9 at ! c5t] ( ! lett]4 ,! tail ( ! lett] con/itutes ! difficult po9t to control4 ,s is a h&some lett]1 )al a difficult "o to execute prop]ly4 ,to asc]ta9 ! correctness ( "o's ,s1 inv]t ! lett] z drawn4 ,inv]t$ ! lett] w be top-heavy b x %\ld n be built on awkw>d l9es4 ,t has ! same height z wid?4 ,x %\ld n be n>r[$ beyond ! proportion "h indicat$1 z "o (t5 obs]ves x 9 sign "w4 ,n & ,v may be pass$ )\t comm5t4 ,w1 practically compos$ ( two ,v's1 is di/+ui%$ z ! wide/ lett] ( ! alphabet4 ,x occupies ab\t ! usual space & its upp] "p %\ld be small] ?an ! ne!r4 ,y is be/ kn[n z a wide lett] & l ! ,t1 has a %ape t t5ds to break ! regul>ity ( spac+ & leads ! workman (t5times to ru9 ! appe>ance ( ! lett] ?r\gh ! process ( contraction4 ,z is ord9>ily class$ z "o ( ! easy lett]s ( ! alphabet to make4 ,! modifi$ block alphabet h]e) %[n is execut$ by _m ,ea/]n wagon lett]]s1 & x may be said to be drawn ^u pleas+ & easy l9es4 ,9 display l9es ! modifi$ block pres5ts a gl[+ly f9e appe>ance1 =cible1 prom95t1 & pla9 en\gh = him :o runs to read4 ,! ornam5tal alphabets set =? 9 alphabets ,no4 #a & ,no4 #b require no ext5d$ comm5t4 ,!y may be v>i$ some:at to meet c]ta9 ne$s & necessities4 ,! lett]s compos+ ,no4 #b h limbs project+ above & bel[ ! regulation l9es1 & !re9 lies ! *ief beauty4 ,by ! k9d p]mission ( ,mr4 ,*as4 ,b4 ,%]ron1 editor ( ,v>ni%1 ! writ] is pleas$ to illu/rate a ,grecian alphabet ( decid$ly unique attractions4 ,wagon lett]]s h come to reg>d ?is alphabet ) mu* favor1 &1 if prop]ly execut$1 x gives v /rik+ effects4 ,! embelli%m5ts admit ( innum]able *anges & modifications4 ,9 po9t ( fact1 ! v>iations t are possible ) ?is design are only limit$ by ! tal5t ( ! workman4 ,! lett]s may be %ad$ q z h&ily z o!r /yles4 ,done 9 gold aga9/ any d>k gr\nd !y furni% beautiful & ri* effects4 ,accompany+ ^! alphabets are a few designs = bus9ess vehicle panels 9 :i* examples ( pres5t day lett]+ are reflect$ f v>i\sly ornam5t$ gr\nds4 ,f a /udy ( !m ! appr5tice may p]haps f9d a sugge/ion t w lead him to orig9ate m pret5ti\s examples4 ,!re are _m unexplor$ fields ( beauty 9 ! doma9 ( ornam5tal wagon lett]+1 be> 9 m9d4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,monograms--,,antiquity ,,( ,,! ,,monogram--,,h[ ,,to ,,design ,,& ,,pa9t ,,! ,,monogram--,,tools ,,ne$$--,,lead+ ,,colors ,,employ$--,,"s ,,engag+ ,,comb9ations--,,illu/rations1 ,,etc4 ,! design+ & pa9t+ ( monograms is an accompli%m5t :i* ! c>riage pa9t] %\ld zeal\sly /rive to acquire4 ,ye>s ago ! cre/1 coat-(-arms1 & o!r elaborate =ms ( ornam5tation accompani$ ! monogram 9 its mission z a panel decoration4 ,gradually1 9 response to ! dictates ( ! vehicle-us+ public1 & enc\rag$1 no d\bt1 by ! /]n m&ates ( competition1 ! use ( ! lavi%ly wr\ght /yle ( panel ornam5t has giv5 way l>gely to ! monogram4 ,despite ! app>5t t5d5cy t[>d pla9 effects 9 ! matt] ( pleasure vehicle ornam5tation ! fact rema9s unassail$ t a well execut$ monogram ca/ ^u ! panels ( a vehicle imp>ts a color effect1 & breaks ! monotony ( a f9i%1 to a v satisfy+ ext5t4 ,z my lam5t$ fri5d ,man*e/] 0 wont to say3 ,t little pat* ( color w>ms up ! entire job1 reliev+ t s5se ( sam5ess t "o feels :5 contemplat+ a c>riage4 ,no matt] h[ nicely x is f9i%$1 !re seems to be some?+ lack+ if ! ornam5t is omitt$4 ,t little color spot is l an oasis 9 a des]t--a re/+ place1 z x 71 = ! eye4 ,mo/ c]ta9 x is t ! dull uni=mity1 ! eye (f5d+ lack ( v>iety1 9 ! pa9t+ ( a c>riage panel is (t5 reliev$ by ! simple addition ( a monogram4 ,! monogram is n ( rec5t orig94 ,away back 9 ^? allur+ days ( ,greek h]oes & ,egyptian div9ities ! monogram exi/$4 ,inde$1 e>ly 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 z anci5t hi/ory in=ms u1 monograms 7 us$ to id5tify ! pomp ( p[]4 ,9 ,france ! monogram 0 e>ly employ$ 9 ! capacity ( a signature & inscrib$ ^u seals & co9s4 ,9 po9t ( fact1 ! use & purpose ( ! monogram 0 cle>ly e/abli%$ :5 ! _w 0 yet "y4 ,illu/ration ,! ^w monogram is said to be d]iv$ f two mode/ little ,greek words1 monos1 alone1 only1 & gramma1 lett]4 ,au?orities diff] consid]ably 9 def9+ ! ^w monogram4 ,a mod]n au?ority ref]s to x 9 ?is wise3 ,9 ! true monogram two ( its lett]s1 or all1 = t matt]1 %\ld h "s portion 9 common4 ,aga9 x is said to consi/ ( *>act]s or ciph]s compos$ ( two or m lett]s int]wov51 be+ an abbreviation ( a "n4 ,/ill ano!r au?ority cont5ds t ! monogram is a device =m$ by ! assemblage ( two or m lett]s s z to =m a s+le "*4 ,probably ! ?ree def9itions "h quot$ det]m9e ! limits & significance ( ! monogram z we wi% to "k x today4 ,if ! monogram is =m$ ( b two lett]s x is d5om9at$ a simple monogram4 ,compos$ ( all ! lett]s ( a "n x is classifi$ z a complete monogram4 ,x is n ! writ]'s purpose to inveigh aga9/ ! elaborate & complicat$ monogram1 :i*1 9 "s respects1 at lea/1 p>takes freely ( ! my/ify+ *>act]i/ics ( an ori5tal newspap] adv]tisem5t1 b he does wi% to emphasize ! value ( a monogram devot$ to ! use ( vehicul> adornm5t made suffici5tly pla9 & simple to be easily read by "o n us$ to deciph]+ hi]oglyphics4 ,h&some is t h&some does1 runs ! qua9t old axiom1 &1 g5]ally speak+1 ! clean cut1 un5cumb]$1 legible monogram1 s]ves its (fice z a h&some ornam5t :5 x (f]s to ! obs]v] a tale soon told4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,! design+ & pa9t+ ( monograms con/itutes an art ma/]$1 save 9 exceptional in/ances1 only aft] long cont9u$ /udy & practice4 ,"s ( our be/ monogram mak]s d n ascribe _! success to tal5t1 b1 r1 to h>d "w & practice4 ,works on monograms furni% pl5ty ( examples ( ! diff]5t /yles 7:i* consi/1 pr9cipally1 ( ! ,flor5t9e1 script1 & block17 = ! guidance ( ! beg9n]4 ,) su* examples be=e him ! "w ( mak+ monograms may be begun4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,a4 ,?ompson1 probably "o ( ! mo/ skillful monogram design]s 9 ! c\ntry1 advises ! /ud5t to beg9 practice ) a slate & p5cil = a "t at lea/1 z ! l9es c be m readily eras$ ?an f pap]4 ,z "s pr(ici5cy is ga9$ ! slate may be disc>d$ 9 favor ( ! writ+ pad1 p5cil & eras]4 ,! compass & divid]s are n advis$ z aids to be con/antly reli$ ^u4 ,! g5]al practice %\ld be to let ^! aids sev]ely alone4 ,free-h& draw+ produces1 z a rule1 ! mo/ symmetrical & graceful monogram4 ,/udy ( proportion & balance %\ld e>ly engage ! ?\ght ( ! le>n]4 ,curves on "o side ( a monogram1 = in/ance1 %\ld be foll[$ :5 possible by simil> ones on ! opposite side4 ,also1 z a rule1 ! base %\ld be a little /urdi] ?an ! apex4 ,x w\ld prove futile to attempt to app5d any set ( rules to gov]n ! design+ ( a monogram4 ,! pr9ciple t w\ld obta9 9 ! lay+ out ( "o design w\ld probably fail ( be+ a pr9ciple at all 9 ! draw+ ( ! second "o4 ,?is by virtue ( ! law ( v>iation :i* rules 9 ?is z 9 all o!r arts4 ,! lett] delect$ f its true c\rse1 7its /&+ alone n be+ "h consid]$17 ei!r "o way or ! o!r1 %\ld1 z a matt] ( balance1 be mat*$ by a lett] swung 9 an opposite direction4 ,if x 7 possible at all times to use only ^? lett]s :i* admit ( an exquisite arrangem5t1 ! problem ( balance & proportion w\ld invite an easy solution4 ,b su*1 un=tunately1 is n ! case4 ,h5ce1 ! *>m & beauty ( ! monogram mu/ necess>ily be gov]n$ at times by ! individual lett]s ( :i* x is compos$ in/ead ( by _! arrangem5t en masse4 ,! p]fectly symmetrical monogram is n always possible "u ! ma/]ful t\* ( ! mo/ da%+ orig9ator ( monogram ar*itecture4 ,illu/ration3 ,o4 ,d4 ,t4 ,illu/ration3 ,w4 ,h4 ,d4 ,illu/ration3 ,m4 ,w4 ,,co4 ,9 design+ a monogram = a c>riage ! size & =mation ( ! panel ^u :i* ! ornam5t is int5d$ to be us$ mu/ be reckon$ )4 ,any o!r details ( g5]al con/ruction1 z appli$ to ! vehicle1 require consid]ation 9 ord] t ! design may h an especial adaptation to its surr\nd+s4 ,! /yle ( ! design ought1 prop]ly1 to be 9 /rict h>mony ) ! /yle ( ! vehicle1 j z 9 color ! design %\ld h>monize ) ! colors employ$ 9 pa9t+ ! c>riage4 ,9 prep>+ ! design = a surface two me?ods are giv5 = ! transf]5ce ( ! design f ! pap] to ! surface4 ,! design be+ drawn on ! pap]1 & all int]lac+s cle>ly d5ot$ by extra emphasiz$ black l9es1 *alk or :it+ is rubb$ on ! back ( ! pap]1 aft] :i* x is plac$ ^u ! panel & held c>efully 9 position :ile ! l9es ( ! design are gone ov] ) a h>d p5cil4 ,by ! second me?od ! design1 aft] be+ drawn1 is p]=at$ along its l9es ) a ne$le4 ,x is !n laid ^u ! panel & ) a p\nce ( :it+1 9 case ( a d>k gr\nd1 & *>coal1 9 case ( a light "o1 ! small dots outl9+ ! design are left ^u ! surface4 ,illu/ration3 ,l4 ,j4 ,f4 ,illu/ration3 ,m4 ,c4 ,h4 ,illu/ration3 ,c4 ,h4 ,b4 ,occasionally ! workman w wi% to pa9t ! monogram ^u pap] 9 su* a way t x c be us$ z a transf] ornam5t4 ,?is plan is recomm5d$ :5 monograms are call$ = ^u vehicles s con/antly us$ t !y _c be tak5 f s]vice long en\gh to admit ( pa9t+ ! monograms 9 ! usual way4 ,take fir/ grade li?ograph pap] & ^u "o side apply successive coat+s ( mucilage until a firm gloss is e/abli%$4 ,!n outl9e & pa9t ! monogram ^u ! gloss side ( ! pap]1 us+ colors & effects t w\ld be appropriate if ! pa9t+ 7 be+ execut$ ^u ! panel direct4 ,! unus$ portion ( ! pap] is n[ cut (f & moi/5$ & ! monogram1 face d[n1 is press$ solidly ^u x & ma9ta9$ 9 t position until dry4 ,! monogram is n[1 bo? back & face1 p]fectly seal$ betwe5 ! mucilage clad pap]4 ,! pap] at ! back ( ! ornam5t is next damp5$ little by little until x is suffici5tly saturat$ to p]mit be+ lift$ easily4 ,?is process completes & f9i%es ! %op prep>$ transf] monogram1 & if deftly prep>$ x %\ld r5d] satisfactory results4 ,to p]=m good "w 9 pa9t+ monograms due att5tion mu/ be giv5 ! tools4 ,^! %\ld consi/ ( mahl /ick1 palette1 palette cups1 a small palette knife1 p\nce bags1 small bottles conta9+ japan1 turp5t9e1 etc41 & a complete assortm5t ( p5cils4 ,! p5cils %\ld be r$ sable hair1 set 9 metal1 & outfitt$ ) c$> h&les4 ,! hair _h be/ n exce$ #a_/d in* 9 l5g?1 & 9 size ! p5cils may run f knitt+-ne$le bulk to :at p5cil mak]s call ,no4 #b4 ,z a rule1 a p5cil some:at small] ?an ! ,no4 #a p5cil ( comm]ce w be ne$$4 ,9 ! way ( pigm5ts ! workman %\ld provide himself ) an array ( ! be/ tube colors4 ,a f9ely prep>$ color is a great aid to ! workman--an aid1 let me say1 too r>ely appreciat$4 ,! mo/ popul> monogram colors are v>i\s %ades ( gre5s1 & r$s hav+ close relation%ip to v]milion & c>m9e4 ,9 addition1 su* pigm5ts z silv] or flake :ite1 drop black1 ultram>9e blue1 v]digris1 burnt umb]1 burnt si5na1 orange *rome1 ,indian r$1 *rome yell[ & ,tuscan r$ are us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,o4 ,d4 ,t4 ,illu/ration3 ,g4 ,w4 ,b4 ,illu/ration3 ,a4 ,m4 ,n4 ,! initial ( ! surname1 inv>iably to be made m prom95t ?an ! lett]s ( ! ,*ri/ian "n1 w submit to /rong color effects )\t (f5d+ ! visual s5se4 ,p]haps x may be timely "h to say t1 aft] recogniz+ ! fact t ! /rip+ ( ! runn+ p>ts rigidly gov]n ! color or colors ( ! monogram1 !re are no arbitr>y laws to re/rict ! color s*emes employ$4 ,9 ?is z 9 o!r bran*es ( ornam5tal pa9t+ ! h>mony by analogy & ! h>mony by contra/ are recogniz$ & adh]$ to4 ,! monogram pa9t$ 9 relief is an illu/ration ( h>mony by analogy4 ,su* a monogram repres5ts ! employm5t ( a s+le color & its bl5d$ t9ts & %ades4 ,h>mony by contra/ consi/s ( pa9t+ ea* lett] ( ! monogram a diff]5t1 b complem5t>y1 color4 ,! relief monogram is be/ done by fir/ lay+ ! design 9 a m$ium %ade ( ! select$ color4 ,!n ! %ades prop] ( ! monogram are ca/ 9 ) ! d>k %ades ( ! color1 & ! light ones ) t9ts ( ! color4 ,! vital pr9ciple involv$ 9 %ad+ is1 9 ! words ( an au?ority1 to %ade ! "u p>ts ( ! lett] or object lapp+ x & ! opposite side on :i* ! light falls--! %ade ( ! ov]lapp$ lett] w\ld naturally fall on ! und]lapp$ lett]1 giv+ ! =m] a rais$ appe>ance4 ,x has be5 said t ! /rip+ %\ld gov]n ! color or colors ( ! monogram1 z = example3 ,if ! ge> be /rip$ ) c>m9e ! pr$om9at+ color ( ! monogram %\ld be c>m9e2 if ) orange1 !n orange2 if ) gre51 !n gre51 etc4 ,grant+ ?is1 x may also be conc$$ t ! /yle & g5]al con=mation ( ! monogram %\ld 9 no small degree compel color effects especially adapt$ to x4 ,! symmetrical monogram calls = a precisely balanc$ color s*eme1 :ile ! clumsy & unc\? "o1 made s f necessity--& :at an inexorable task-ma/] necessity is6--ne$s a color adju/m5t t seeks to balance ! light p>ts ) ! heavy ones1 & ! heavy ) ! light4 ,gold & alum9um h ( late be5 l>gely us$ 9 connection ) colors & no dep>ture f ! correct color pr9ciples has ?us f> be5 rem>k$1 vehicle us]s be+ especially delight$1 z well !y may be1 ) ! innovation4 ,a practice t has seem$ to please ! public imm5sely p]mits lay+ ! entire monogram ) gold or alum9um1 z ! pa9t] may elect1 & !n glaz+ ! fir/ lett]1 say1 ) ultram>9e blue1 ! next ) v]digris1 & /ill ! next ) c>m9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,l4 ,v4 ,r4 ,illu/ration3 ,g4 ,f4 ,l4 ,illu/ration3 ,a4 ,l4 ,if done 9 gold or alum9um apply a coat ( rubb+ v>ni% ov] ! leaf be=e %ad+ & wa%+ ) ! transp>5t colors4 ,?us w ! v>ni% *eck ! subsequ5t coat+s f /rik+ 9 & t>ni%+ ! brilliancy ( ! leaf4 ,9 ! case ( gold be+ us$1 foll[ ! v>ni% ) %ad+s ( asphaltum dilut$ ) v>ni%4 ,! d>k %ades may be produc$ by recoat+ ) ! asphaltum until ! desir$ %ade is rea*$4 ,once ! asphaltum is q dry1 proce$ to coat ^? p>ts ( ! monogram desir$ to be 9 colors ) su* glaz+ colors z c>m9e1 ultram>9e1 or cobalt blue1 v]digris1 etc4 ,! %ades ( asphaltum are reflect$ ?r\gh ^! transp>5t colors to ! measure ( a beautiful appe>ance1 & ! sum total ( effects ?us produc$ are p>ticul>ly ri* & brilliant4 ,! lett]s ( a monogram pa9t$ v]milion glaz$ ) c>m9e1 & ! c>m9e !n be+ %ad$ ) asphaltum & high light$ ) pale can>y color af=d a spl5did effect4 ,9 execut+ ! script monogram ! workman w agree ) u t c>m9e & v]milion mixtures produce ! f9e/ color effects4 ,9 fact1 all lean bodi$ lett]s %[ at _! be/ :5 done 9 "s ( ! gorge\s r$s n[ popul>4 ,a v fet*+ monogram1 z to color1 is made by lay+ ! design 9 v]milion & !n glaz+ "p ( x ) c>m9e4 ,or1 if ! /rip+ sugge/s gre5 = ! color1 lay ! design 9 a %ade ( gre5 to h>monize nicely ) ! /rip+1 & glaze a portion ( x ) v]digris4 ,heavy bodi$ lett]s su* z are comb9$ 9 "s ( ! monograms accompany+ ?is *apt] %[ admirably ) ! upp] halves done 9 v]milion & ! ne!r p>ts put 9 ,indian r$1 or1 pref]ably1 flam+o r$4 ,! v]milion %\ld be giv5 a light wa% ( c>m9e1 & ! lett]s !n outl9$ ) deep orange4 ,9 "s ( ! l>ge cities :]e ! trapp+s & ! suits ( fa%ion are ev] 9 ! =egr\nd "o may see ! monogram hav+ "o ( its lett]s trick$ out 9 all ! f9]y ( a grad$ %ade4 ,! mann] ( %ad+ consi/s ( beg9n+ at ! top ( ! lett] ) ! pale/ %ade ( a c]ta9 color1 & !n gradually deep5+ ! %ade z ! pa9t+ desc5ds until1 :5 ! base ( ! lett] is rea*$1 ! v deepe/ & d>ke/ %ade ( ! color is develop$4 ,z = example1 ! /rip+ indicates ! employm5t ( gre5 z "o ( ! prom95t colors 9 ! monogram4 ,beg9 at ! top ( ! lett] ) ! v pale/ %ade ( gre5 !n cont9u+ ) ! v>i\s gradations d[n to ! deepe/ %ade4 ,a grad$ %ade is mo/ successfully accompli%$ ) color conta9+ a b9d] ( raw l9se$ oil to give ! pigm5t a free work+ prop]ty4 ,a %ort /iff p5cil1 lightly1 v lightly1 tipp$ ) color works mo/ effectively 9 bl5d+ ea* %ade into ! next4 ,r$s & blues respond spl5didly to ! attractions ( ! grad$ %ade4 ,! high lights are ju/ly important features ( a monogram4 ,_m monogrami/s cont5d t a high light is almo/ inv>iably improv$ by ! addition ( a bit ( ! color ( ! lett] be+ execut$4 ,z1 = in/ance1 ! lett] is pa9t$ m$ium %ade ( gre51 & ! high light goes :ite4 ,to ! :ite add a da% ( ! gre51 & note ! re/ful1 pleas+ effect secur$ !reby4 ,illu/ration3 ,c4 ,h4 ,b4 ,illu/ration3 ,t4 ,b4 ,illu/ration3 ,l4 ,g4 ,high light+1 h[ev]1 z x applies to ne>ly all /yles ( monograms is n suit$ to ! delicate features ( ! script monogram4 ,! high light+ ( ! script ornam5t %\ld consi/ 9 m]ely flick+ ^? p>ts ne$+ a relief t\* ) a color t w d5ote a slant ( light f above4 ,! provision t p]mits ! /rip+ colors us$ ^u a vehicle to gov]n1 ) b few exceptions1 ! pr$om9at+ color or colors ( ! monogram r5d]s a pres5tation ( ! color s*eme adapt$ to ! accompany+ designs sup]flu\s4 ,!re=e1 x only rema9s = ! writ] to advise 8 read]s to le>n h[ to design & pa9t monograms4 ,x is a buoyant & fasc9at+ art4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,pa9t+ ,,! ,,bus9ess ,,wagon3 ,,consid]$ ,,z ,a ,,"w ,,( ,,art ,,& ,,z ,,an ,,adv]tis+ ,,m$ium--,,v>i\s ,,practical ,,processes ,,giv5--,,popul> ,,color ,,comb9ations ,,employ$--,,pa9t+ ,,canvas ,,tops1 ,,etc4 ,only a prophet ( mu* tem]ity w\ld attempt to b\nd ! possibilities ( bus9ess wagon pa9t+4 ,x may be all[able to def9e x z a limitless art1 res\rceful1 re/ive1 responsive to an admirable degree to ! ev]-v>y+ side-lights ( te*nical skill4 ,all t art c be any:]e ! broad surface ( ! mod]n bus9ess vehicle invit+ly (f]s to display4 ,! "t :5 ! ma9 requirem5t ( a bus9ess wagon 0 symmetry & /r5g? ( /ructure has gone by4 ,! m]*ant1 ! man ( bus9ess1 has f\nd x to possess a value beyond its m]e capacity z a c>ri] ( m]*&ise4 ,its wor? z an adv]tis+ m$ium1 z an ag5cy ?r\gh :i* bus9ess /ability & ent]prise may be widely h]ald$1 has be5 fully le>n$4 ,?us ! evolution ( ! pres5t elaborately pa9t$ & decorat$ bus9ess wagon has come ab\t4 ,is x n /at+ ! tru? too /rongly to say t ! av]age bus9ess man is n[ q z exact+ & p]emptory ab\t ! /yle & appe>ance ( 8 bus9ess wagon z he is ( 8 mu* priz$ pleasure vehicle4 ,he aims to h 8 pa9t] a*ieve a di/9ct individuality 9 ! pa9t+ ( 8 7! bus9ess man's7 vehicles1 s t s-&-s's deliv]y wagons are readily di/+ui%$ f all o!rs met ) along ! highways & by-ways4 ,to ?is end he n only seeks to h 8 vehicles s pa9t$ & decorat$ t unsurpass$ adv]tis+ effects are comm&$1 b he also makes c>eful selection ( a comb9ation ( colors1 & /rictly adh]es to t comb9ation ?r\gh\t ! li/ ( 8 bus9ess vehicle equipm5t4 ,?is manife/ation ( exclusiv5ess on ! "p ( bus9ess m5 has creat$ a _s ( rivalry t has greatly r$\nd$ to ! pa9t]'s b5efit 9 t m beautiful & da%+ color effects are n[ 9 va/ly great] dem& ?an =m]ly4 ,& ! gratify+ aspect ( ! case is t ^! orig9al & arti/ic /yles ( pa9t+ ! bus9ess vehicle bid fair to cont9ue 9 popul>ity4 ,x furni%es ! wagon pa9t]1 & mo/ especially ! appr5tice 9 ! wagon pa9t %op1 an inc5tive to excel 9 ?is bran* ( pa9t+4 ,! read] may "h note1 p]haps1 an incl9ation to sep>ate wagon pa9t+1 :i* we h 9 prec$+ *apt]s treat$ z an inclusive feature ( vehicle pa9t+ 9 its broad int]pretation1 f o!r bran*es ( ! pa9t+ art4 ,necess>ily1 9 ! small prov9cial jobb+ pa9t %op x is all gri/ t comes to ! hopp]2 consequ5tly c>riage & wagon pa9t+ are judici\sly includ$ "u "o head4 ,9 ! city e/abli%m5t1 h[ev]1 an abrupt division is made1 & we f9d bus9ess wagon pa9t+ practic$ z a specialty--r$uc$ to a f9e art4 ,_m argum5tative discussions h be5 conduct$ by speciali/s 9 ! two bran*es to prove ! sup]ior skill requir$ 9 "o bran* z aga9/ ! o!r1 & a wide div]sity ( op9ion rema9s preval5t z to :i* side has ! be/ ( ! controv]sy4 ,c]ta9 x is1 at any rate1 t ! exactions ( f9e wagon pa9t+ are at pres5t v pron\nc$4 ,grant+ t elegant g5]al effects take prec$5ce ov] all o!r features ( wagon pa9t+1 ! fact rema9s t ! quality ( ! surface mu/ be c>efully look$ aft]4 ,x is seldom ne$ful to obta9 z f9e & sat9y a surface z is requir$ on ! panel ( ! jaunty br\gham or ! luxuri\s l&au1 ! color s*eme employ$1 unit$ ) dignifi$ & arti/ic ornam5tation1 be+ dep5d$ ^u z ! irresi/able attraction4 ,h[ev]1 ?is /atem5t is n int5d$ to belittle ! importance ( ! surfac+ sy/em4 ,^u ! f9e/ class ( bus9ess wagons x is a common exp]i5ce to obs]ve surfaces :i* 9 po9t ( smoo?ness & g5]al excell5ce are second only to ^? obs]vable ^u heavy pleasure c>riages ( ! f9e/ class4 ,! wagon pa9t] is confront$ by _m difficulties conc]n+ :i* ! c>riage pa9t] pure & simple1 kn[s little4 ,he mu/ "k well h[ to build beautiful & durable surfaces4 ,he %\ld be a fir/-class colori/1 und]/&+ all ! features ( color mix+ & fully conv]sant ) ! laws ( h>mony & contra/4 ,he w likewise f9d x necess>y to be an unexcell$ ma/] ( ! v>ni% bru%1 a skill$ /rip]1 wagon lett]]1 & decorative pa9t] ( e/abli%$ ability4 ,! *ief disadvantage "u :i* ! wagon pa9t] labors is pres5t$ to him ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( ! _m lead-weight$ colors :i* he is usually compell$ to employ4 ,_m ( ! light colors ext5sively us$ 9 wagon pa9t+ at ?is "t conta9 keg lead1 or lead ( ano!r =m1 z ! ma9 +r$i5t4 ,9 do+ jobs ) light colors conta9+ mu* lead1 r\gh/uff is n g5]ally us$1 ! lead m$ium be+ reli$ ^u to furni% a suffici5tly smoo?1 compact1 & close-textur$ surface2 & naturally1 !re=e1 ?is surface is freely flexible & ela/ic4 ,amid ! /ress & /rife ( competition & swift processes1 ^! coats are (t5 cr[d$ on s fa/ t reliable dry+ is n assur$1 & !n to l5d additional unc]ta9ty to ! outcome ( ! "w1 r quick & fairly unela/ic v>ni% coats are employ$1 s t at ! completion ( ! "w a ?read ( weakness gleams ?r\gh ! :ole pa9t & v>ni% /ructure4 ,surface build+ fallacies ( ?is nature ! wagon pa9t] is =c$ to cont5d )1 & 8 ability to surm\nt !m is repeat$ly %ackl$ by rigid contr>y decisions com+ f ! bus9ess (fice4 ,by ?is tok51 !n1 x is pla9 beyond ! ne$ ( fur!r demon/ration1 t wagon pa9t+ is an art t bespeaks = its successful practice te*nical k & skill ( a high ord]4 ,its v>i$ phases1 none ( :i* are un9t]e/+ & mo/ ( :i* are really fasc9at+1 invite /udy1 & ! cultivation ( tal5ts1 bo? arti/ic & me*anical1 n requir$ 9 any o!r recogniz$ bran* ( pa9t+4 ,probably ! ,,pa9t+ ,,( ,a ,,full-,,panel$ ,,top ,,bus9ess ,,wagon (f]s m difficulties ?an any o!r /yle ( wagon4 ,! workman fir/ proce$s to clean (f all ! grease sme>s1 & !n takes full c>e to get ! job ?or\ghly s&pap]$4 ,!n prime job ?r\gh\t1 runn+ p>ts & body inside & out1 top1 bottom1 etc4 ,if ! job is to be pa9t$ 9 d>k colors use ! prim+ =mula ,no4 #a1 giv5 9 ,*apt] ,,iii4 ( ?is s]ies1 & if light colors are desir$ prime ) :ite 7keg7 lead ?9n$ to work+ consi/5cy ) raw l9se$ oil1 temp]$ z to dry+ ) a teaspoonful ( japan to ea* p9t ( ! prim]4 ,if no "t limit int]v5es omit ! japan4 ,! runn+ p>ts1 9 due "t1 are next giv5 c>eful s&pap]+1 & !n rub lead1 z fully detail$ 9 ,*apt] ,,iii41 is appli$4 ,! body receives s&pap]+ & a lead coat adapt$ to ! f9al color1 mix$1 if ! job is to g r\gh/uff$1 ) #c_/h oil to #e_/h turp5t9e1 half & half4 ,apply to inside z well z outside ( body & top1 !n :5 ^! appli$ mixtures are dry1 putty1 us+ z mixture +r$i5ts dry :ite lead1 #c p>ts2 keg lead1 #a "p2 & rubb+ v>ni% & japan1 equal p>ts4 ,= ! runn+ p>ts1 if to be pa9t$ 9 light colors1 use ! next coat ( pigm5t mix$ to a bru%+ consi/5cy ) a trifle less ?an #c_/h oil & a correspond+ increase ov] #e_/h turp5t9e4 ,?us gradually r$uce ! p]c5tage ( oil z ! f9al color is approa*$4 ,9 case d>k colors are to prevail1 apply ov] ! r$ lead a coat ( lead pigm5t c>ry+ a firm b9d] ( oil1 say "o-sixte5?4 ,^u ! body1 if x is to be pa9t$ 9 d>k colors1 next apply f\r coats ( r\gh/uff1 *oos+ f among ! =mulas giv5 9 ,*apt] ,,iii4 "o suit$ to ! "t all[ance to be reckon$ )4 ,if light colors are to be us$1 & /uff coats taboo$1 all ! op51 co>se-gra9$ sweeps ( ! surface require an application ( knif+ lead 7aga9 ref] to ,*apt] ,,iii47 put on ) a bri/le bru% & !n press$ into ! m9ute wood orifices ) a broad blade putty knife4 ,!n 9 ! next coat ( pigm5t1 color$ fitt+ly to meet ! f9al color1 r$uce ! oil to ! proportion ( "o-f\r? oil to ?ree-f\r?s turp5t9e4 ,9 ! next coat :i* w h practically a full p]c5tage ( ! desir$ color ! quantity ( oil us$1 z comp>$ to t conta9$ 9 ! prec$+ coat1 %\ld be cut 9 twa94 ,! next r$uction %\ld br+ ! pigm5t d[n to possess+ simply a good b9d] ( oil4 ,!n1 9 easy procession1 foll[ ! f9al color coat1 color-&-v>ni%1 if ! sy/em p]mits x1 cle> rubb+1 & f9i%+4 ,on l>ge top panel$ jobs1 h[ev]1 :5 /rictly high class results are desir$1 x w be q necess>y1 reg>dless ( ! colors employ$1 to employ r\gh/uff z ! body surfac+ ag5t4 ,! surface is br\ght up to ! r\gh/uff /age z above advis$1 & !n1 9 case ( a :ite job1 resort is _h to ! :ite r\gh/uff1 =mulas = mix+ :i* w be f\nd 9 ,*apt] ,v4 ( ?is "w4 ,! colors us$ ov] ! /uff coats are ei!r japan gr\nd or wa%$ ) b5z9e to free !m z mu* z possible ( ! oil c>ri$4 ,,! ,,*eap] ,,class ,,wagon is pa9t$ by v>i\s processes 9 all ( :i* ! sev]al knif+-9 pigm5ts are e/eem$ factors4 ,a mod]ate co/ me?od af=d+ v neat surface results ^u small panel$ bodies1 ribb$ ones1 etc41 is execut$ by fir/ giv+ ! body a coat ( "s ,p4 ,w4 ,f41 ! fill] be+ appli$ freely & at ! prop] "t remov$ & ! surface dri$ & clean$ up nicely ) clean rags4 ,! *amf]s on ribb$ bodies are gone ov] ) ! fill]4 ,! day foll[+1 ! surface is giv5 an application ( knif+-9 lead1 ! *amf]s gett+ ! same treatm5t z ! flat surface4 ,?is knif+-9 lead receives a v clean & smoo? knif+1 ! labor ( s&pap]+ be+ ?us r$uc$ to ! m9imum4 ,?is coat hav+ dri$1 ! nail holes & o!r ind5tations are next putti$4 ,s&pap]+1 fir/ ) ,no4 #a_/b pap]1 la/ly ) ,no4 #j1 foll[s4 ,?is is made to suffice = a base to color ^u1 if a light color is desir$4 ,if a d>k color is wi%$1 a coat ( lead1 color$ to a full slate color & mix$ to dry dead or gloss free1 is put on ) a camel's-hair bru%4 ,?is effectually dresses ov] & oblit]ates surface irregul>ities :i* might comm& att5tion ^u d>k surfaces1 :]eas ^u light color$ ones1 built ) a /rong p]c5tage ( lead1 !y w\ld pass unhe$$4 ,! runn+ p>ts get a prim] consi/+ ( lead1 #b p>ts2 yell[ o*re1 #a "p2 float$ 9 raw l9se$ oil4 ,! out] or m expos$ p>ts are next draw-putti$ ) ! regulation knif+ lead1 ?is to be foll[$ 9 due c\rse ) regul> c>riage putty1 be+ smoo?ly plac$ 9 nail holes & o!r cavities4 ,s&pap]+ next ensues & ?is1 9 turn1 is foll[$ ) a gloss-lack+ lead coat 9 :i* ! f9al color is well repres5t$4 ,p]haps a /ill *eap] sy/em1 z practic$ 9 a factory %op1 may be want$4 ,if s1 prime job ?r\gh\t1 body & ge>1 ) a pigm5t /rongly color$ ) ! color to be us$ 9 pa9t+ ! vehicle4 ,?is prim]1 = its liquid +r$i5ts1 %\ld h raw l9se$ oil1 #c_/d2 turp5t9e1 #a_/d2 japan1 #a teaspoonful to ea* qu>t ( ! mixture4 ,/& ! "w aside 9 a w>m room = at lea/ #dh h\rs4 ,!n ?or\ghly s&pap] ) ,no4 #a pap]1 aft] :i* putty holes1 etc4 ,n[ take ! body surface & give x a coat ( knif+ lead made ( dry :ite lead1 #e_/h2 keg lead1 #a_/d2 f9ely gr\nd r\gh/uff fill]1 #a_/h2 rubb+ v>ni%1 #a_/b2 japan1 #a_/d2 turp5t9e1 #a_/d2 color ?is lead to meet f9al color4 ,ex]cise great c>e 9 clean+ (f all surplus lead s t a v light poli% ) ,no4 #a_/b s&pap] w suffice to insure adequate surface smoo?ness4 ,?is knif+ lead w require ?irty-six h\rs 9 :i* to dry reliably4 ,!n r$uce ! consi/5cy ( quick rubb+ v>ni% some:at ) turp5t9e1 & apply a coat to ! surface4 ,) clean l95 clo?s wipe (f ! surface imm$iately4 ,?is v>ni% coat s]ves to act z a /opp] & seal]-up ( ! knif+ lead & putty1 9 addition to hold+ =? ! subsequ5t color & v>ni% coats becom+ly4 ,"o day aft] putt+ on ?is v>ni% coat rub ! surface lightly ) ,no4 #j s&pap] to flick (f dirt atoms1 etc41 du/ c>efully1 & lay ! fir/ coat ( color1 a /rong b9d] ( v>ni% be+ us$ 9 bo? ! fir/ & second coats ( color4 ,f ?is out1 color1 ornam5t1 & f9i% 9 ! usual way4 ,! runn+ p>ts are draw-putti$ on ! prim+ coat1 putti$1 s&pap]$ 9 good %ape1 color$1 & f !nce out c>ri$ rapidly to a f9i%4 ,?is me?od af=ds a pretty acceptable f9i%1 especially if trick$ out ) a neat turn ( ornam5tation & a f9e %[ ( v>ni%4 ,aga9 ! practice is obs]v$ 9 "s e/abli%m5ts ( pa9t+ ! runn+ p>ts z j describ$ & do+ ! body z foll[s3 ,aft] prim+ z usual1 a coat ( r\gh/uff mix$ ( lead & fill]1 equal p>ts by weight1 & rubb+ v>ni% & japan1 equal p>ts1 ?9n+ to an easy bru%+ consi/5cy ) turp5t9e1 is appli$4 ,aft] giv+ ?is coat tw5ty-f\r h\rs to dry1 s&pap] ) ,no4 #a_/b pap] to cle> (f lumpy sub/ances1 etc4 ,clean (f surface c>efully & draw-putty ) a mixture compos$ ( dry :ite lead1 #b_/c2 keg lead #a-a_/c2 liquids1 rubb+ v>ni% #b_/c2 japan1 #a_/c4 ,?is coat c be work$ ov] 9 t5 h\rs if necess>y4 ,!n apply two coats ( r\gh/uff mix$ z above sugge/$1 ! two coats be+ appli$ 9 "o day if ! limitations ( "t s dem&4 ,if x is wi%$ to avoid ! use ( a guide coat1 & at ! same "t enjoy :atev] advantages are af=d$ by su* a coat1 give ! la/ coat ( r\gh/uff a /rong da% ( yell[ o*re4 ,,pa9t+ ,,heavy ,,trucks ,,& ,,f>m ,,wagons4 ,at pres5t ?is class ( vehicles is pa9t$ 9 a way diff]+ consid]ably f t practic$ =m]ly4 ,!n durability 0 ! *iefly consid]$ virtue4 ,n[ t fickle & flighty feature ( pa9t+ is an atta9m5t no m e>ne/ly work$ = ?an is a high degree ( excell5ce 9 color effects4 ,= trucks1 :ile a wide range ( colors are popul>1 radiant r$s & yell[s are app>5tly 9 ! greate/ favor4 ,! :eels ( su* vehicles are be/ giv5 a coat ( raw l9se$ oil be=e ! tires are set4 ,! rema9+ runn+ p>ts & ! body p>ts are likewise coat$ ) oil be=e ! irons are fitt$1 :5ev] x is possible s to d4 ,x is !n easi] to clean (f grease daubs & f+] m>ks left by ! a?letic blacksmi? & 8 coy "y assi/ant4 ,moreov]1 !re is a sav+ ( "t ga9$ by ?is me?od4 ,! next coat %\ld be a half-oil1 half-turp5t9e lead coat t9t$ or %ad$ /\tly ) ! color to be us$ 9 pa9t+ ! vehicle1 unless ! color is to be a yell[1 9 :i* case a pure :ite w be an entirely correct gr\nd4 ,if a bett] job is desir$ apply an extra coat ( lead & an additional coat ( rubb+ v>ni%4 ,beautiful can>y yell[s are n[ se5 on a great numb] ( city truck runn+ p>ts4 ,^! yell[s c be pur*as$ ( ! manufactur]s ready = use1 b>r+ a simple ?9n+ d[n ) turps & ! addition ( a little v>ni% = a b9d]4 ,^u ! fir/ coat ( lead1 putty+ %\ld occur4 ,if r$ or "s equally positive color is to be us$1 color putty accord+ly4 ,if yell[1 let ! putty g :ite4 ,s&pap] & smoo? surface d[n f9ely ^u ! fir/1 &1 if us$1 ! second coat ( lead4 ,9 us+ light colors1 ! me*anic w f9d x ne$ful to keep clean h&s1 z ! slighte/ sme> makes a disfigurem5t n easily rem$i$4 ,= fir/-class1 solid jobs ( can>y or o!r delicate yell[1 two coats ( ! flat color1 & "o coat ( color-&-v>ni% w q surely be requir$4 ,! v>ni% coats :5 us$ cle> %\ld be v pale1 9 fact1 colorless4 ,happily1 x is n[ a comp>atively easy matt] to obta9 v>ni%es specially adapt$ to light1 s5sitive yell[ & :ite surfaces4 ,_m ( my read]s locat$ 9 ! prov9cial jobb+ pa9t %op w h m or less ( f>m wagon pa9t+ to d4 ,z a possible means ( aid+ !m some:at 9 gett+ ! job ready = ! color /age ( ! process1 x may be said t :5 ! job arrives at ! pa9t %op1 ! fir/ & mo/ important ?+ is to prep>e ! surface = ! fir/ coat ( oil & pigm5t4 ,:5 possible x is advisable1 z 9 case ( heavy trucks1 to coat ! job1 prior to fitt+ ! irons ) raw l9se$ oil4 ,if any?+1 ! av]age c\ntry blacksmi? is giv5 to a m lavi% surface adornm5t ( soot sme>s1 valve oil *romos1 & scor*$ qu>t]-sections ?an 8 city bro!r ( hamm] & tongs4 ,su* surface defacem5ts are all viol5t enemies ( durability4 ,_! sleek & clean removal is !re=e imp]ative4 ,to bani% ! oil & grease & soot sme>s1 saturate a clo? 9 b5z9e & lightly wa% ! surface4 ,?is fluid w loos5 & quickly remove1 ) ! aid ( a clean clo? = a f9al dry+ up1 all ! greasy sub/ances4 ,! scor*$ pat*es require a v ?or\gh clean+ out1 a piece ( glass nicely answ]+1 usually1 = slick+ (f ! c>v$ wood4 ,:5 ! p>ts are fre$ f ! burnt p>ticles1 t\* !m lightly ) raw l9se$ oil1 wipe dry ) a bit ( clo?1 subsequ5tly t\*+ ! places ) %ellac4 ,! prim+ coat1 or fir/ pigm5t coat1 r1 %\ld be controll$ by :atev] color ! job is to be pa9t$4 ,putty on ?is coat4 ,!n a lead coat /ill m heavily =tifi$ ) ! f9al color is 9 ord]4 ,a coat ( color-&-v>ni% %\ld suffice = a suitable base to /ripe & f9i% ^u1 save 9 case an extra color coat & an extra v>ni% coat w be ne$$4 ,f>m wagon bodies may get prim+1 a coat ( knif+ lead1 a v smoo? s&pap]+ on ?is coat1 !n a coat ( color1 "o ( color-&-v>ni%1 !n f9i%+ v>ni%4 ,if a little bett] surface is wi%$1 a coat ( cle> rubb+ v>ni%1 surfac$ closely1 w give ! desir$ result4 ,d>k ri* br[ns = ! bodies h>monize effectively ) almo/ any ( ! popul> yell[s = runn+ p>ts4 ,indian r$1 five p>ts2 ,prussian blue1 "o "p2 ) a da% ( yell[ to tone ! mixture1 give a beautiful br[n4 ,*ocolate1 m>oon1 & w9e color1 also furni% /rik+ly h&some results = f>m wagon bodies1 :5 %[n ov] runn+ p>ts attir$ 9 gay coats ( yell[4 ,,colors ,,= ,,bus9ess ,,wagons4 ,z already sugge/$1 a wide v>iety ( colors ( /rik+ brilliancy are be+ us$ 9 pa9t+ bus9ess wagons4 ,p]haps ! prevail+ colors may be ref]r$ to z ! v>i\s %ades ( yell[1 r$s1 & gre5s4 ,*ocolates1 m>oons1 br[ns1 & ri* %ades ( blue are also ext5sively employ$4 ,_m light deliv]y wagons are pa9t$ solidly ?r\gh\t1 body & runn+ p>ts1 ) "s "o ( ! beautiful %ades ( can>y yell[4 ,! lett]+ & ornam5tal "w ^u ! body may be done 9 alum9um leaf1 ! %ad+s & /rip+ be+ plac$ 9 gre5 or blue4 ,a full-panel$ top bus9ess wagon may be pa9t$ 9 ?is way & ! color effects w be h&some4 ,! ma9 body panel1 l[] & front panel1 ri* w9e color2 c5t] panel1 mold+s & o!r spaces1 m$ium c>m9e2 inside edge ( mold+s g black1 /rip+ :ite4 ,lett] 9 gold & %ade 9 blue1 light & d>k4 ,runn+ p>ts1 c>m9e2 /rip$ #a_/d in* black l9e1 & f9e l9e ( :ite4 ,or ! body panels may be done 9 deep ultram>9e blue1 mold+s black1 ) lett]s 9 gold & ornam5ts & /rip+ 9 gold & :ite4 ,runn+ p>ts1 light ultram>9e blue /rip$ two r\nd l9es ( :ite1 five-sixte5?s ( an in* ap>t4 ,aga9 ! ma9 panel ( body may g sage gre5 or a f9e cream yell[4 ,if sage gre51 pa9t l[] panels m]rimac gre52 runn+ p>ts /ill light] %ade ( gre54 ,lett]+ done 9 f9e gold outl9e1 /rip+ & ornam5t+ done 9 gold4 ,9 case ma9 panel is done 9 cream yell[1 ?r[ l[] panels 9 c>m9e4 ,lett] 9 gold4 ,runn+ p>ts g a light] t9t ( cream1 & /ripe black to correspond ) black mold+s on body4 ,! f9e l9e %\ld be c>m9e4 ,if desir$1 pa9t body & runn+ p>ts c>m9e1 lett] 9 gold or alum9um1 & /ripe ) v]milion4 ,mold+s on body1 black4 ,ano!r comb9ation %[s ! upp] panel black1 l[] panels & runn+ p>ts1 *]ry r$2 or upp] panel black1 l[] panels amb] br[n1 or deep gre51 ) belt panel olive gre52 runn+ p>ts1 a trifle light] gre54 ,! upp] & l[] body panel1 9 case ( a ?ree-panel job1 may g ,indian r$1 c5t] panel :ite2 runn+ p>ts ,indian or ,tuscan r$4 ,lett]s & /rip+ done 9 gold & :ite4 ,a popul> /yle ( pa9t+ ! ribb$ body wagon is to pa9t body panels d>k1 ri* gre52 *amb]s1 black2 runn+ p>ts1 v]milion4 ,panels ( body /rip$ primrose or orange yell[2 runn+ p>ts1 black4 ,h[ev]1 to m5tion 9 detail a v small "p ( ! *>m+ color s*emes :i* are s\ght & display$ 9 pa9t+ ! mod]n bus9ess vehicle w\ld rea* beyond ! allot$ limit ( ?is *apt]4 ,suffice x to say t ! pa9t] has a ri*ly blossom+ & v>iegat$ field ( colors f :i* to select ^? comb9ations sanction$ by ! e/eem$ & appropriate /&>d ( ! colori/'s art4 ,,pa9t+ ,,canvas ,,& ,,clo? ,,tops4 ,=mula ,no4 #a4--,use ( :ite vitriol "o-qu>t] lb4 9 ?ree qu>ts ( s(t wat]1 add+ :it+ until a good spread+ consi/5cy is rea*$4 ,prime outside ( top & curta9s4 ,?is leaves ! mat]ial nicely flexible & coats ! texture up s d5se & full t a c\ple ( coats ( pa9t are sav$4 ,!n ) an ela/ic pa9t coat & f9i% 9 ! usual way4 ,=mula ,no4 #b4--;,coat ! canvas1 b>r+ curta9s1 ) rye fl\r pa/e1 inside & out4 ,p]mit ?is pa/e to dry ?or\ghly4 ,) ,no4 #a_/b s&pap] poli% clo? lightly to knock (f nibs1 etc4 ,!n coat ) :ite lead pa9t mix$ ) "o-?ird raw l9se$ oil & two-?irds coa* japan1 ! mixture cut a little ) turp5t9e4 ,next coat r$uce ! oil to a trifle less ?an "o-qu>t] oil to "o-half japan1 "o-qu>t] rubb+ v>ni%1 ! rema9d]1 turp5t9e4 ,next give coat :ite color-&-v>ni%4 ,rub ?is coat lightly ) wat] & pumice /one 7pulv]iz$71 lett]1 ornam5t1 & f9i% ) a durable f9i%+ v>ni%4 ,=mula ,no4 #c4--,size ) hot glue wat]1 us+ two coats tw5ty-f\r h\rs ap>t4 ,!n apply coat ( keg :ite lead mix$ two-?irds raw l9se$ oil1 ! rema9+ "o-?ird be+ japan & turp5t9e1 equal p>ts4 ,aft] five days apply coat ( lead conta9+ ?ree-eigh?s oil1 two-eigh?s japan1 ?ree-eigh?s turp5t9e4 ,!n apply :ite color-&-v>ni%4 ,rub lightly1 lett]1 & f9i%4 ,?is is n adopt$ to a limit$ "t all[ance4 ,=mula ,no4 #d4--,sponge ) wat] top & side panels or curta9s2 p]mit to p>tly dry & !n coat ) lead & oil color+ /rongly 9 ! direction ! f9al color is to be4 ,r$uce ! quantity ( oil 9 ! next coat1 & 9 lett]+ use en\gh oil 9 ! colors employ$ to give ! requisite ela/icity4 ,to pa9t on enamel$ drill1 mix ! pigm5t ) raw l9se$ oil & gold size japan1 equal p>ts1 & ?9 to ! prop] consi/5cy ) turp5t9e4 ,9 judg+ ! quantity ( oil us$1 a close det]m9ation ( ! p]c5tage ( oil conta9$ 9 ! lead %\ld be made1 o!rwise an excessive quantity ( oil is apt to be us$4 ,! wagon pa9t] frequ5tly has to lett] on canvas1 duck1 or "s o!r mat]ial ( simil> texture n dress$ 9 ! raim5t ( pa9t4 ,to d ?is successfully v>i\s exp$i5ts are resort$ to4 ,"s workm5 practice moi/5+ ! clo? ) wat] & !n putt+ on ! lett]s 9 pa9t hav+ pl5ty ( oil 9 x4 ,o!rs draw ! clo? tight & firm & size x ) a solution ( />* & wat]4 ,proportions1 #c_/d wat]2 #a_/d />*4 ,all[ ?is size to dry consid]ably be=e beg9n+ to lett]4 ,mix ! lett]+ pigm5t to a pa/e =m 9 ela/ic rubb+ v>ni% & ?9 ) turp5t9e4 ,/ill o!rs make a size ( cook$ />* & glue wat]1 & sponge ! p>ts t are to be lett]$4 ,aft] ! lett]s h be5 plac$1 if ! clo? %\ld prove to be /iff & inela/ic1 sponge ) mod]ately w>m wat]1 9 ?is way ab/ract+ ! surplus size4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,vehicle ,,repa9t+3 ,,h[ ,,! ,,v>i\s ,,classes ,,( ,,"w ,,are ,,done--,,mat*+ ,,colors--,,burn+ ,,(f ,,pa9t--,,mat]ials ,,us$ ,,9 ,,pa9t+--,,treatm5t ,,( ,,tops ,,& ,,da%es--,,wa%+ ,,f9i%$ ,,"w--,,s*$ule ,,( ,,prices1 ,,etc4 ,! re-v>ni%+1 re-pa9t+1 etc41 ( vehicles con/itutes an important s\rce ( rev5ue = ! c>riage & wagon pa9t]4 ,_m fir/-class pa9t %ops connect$ ) high grade c>riage manufactur+ e/abli%m5ts d a heavy bus9ess 9 re-pa9t+ vehicles4 ,! writ] has 9 m9d a firm ( c>riage build]s locat$ n f> f ! (fice ( ,,! ,,we/]n ,,pa9t]1 :i* employs a =ce ( f sixty to eighty pa9t]s4 ,9 addition to pa9t+ & f9i%+ ! manufactur$ output ( ! e/abli%m5t1 consi/+1 x may be said1 ( any?+ 9 ! c>riage l9e f a t9y road buggy to a da%+ f\r-9-h& coa*1 ! =ce is ye>ly cr$it$ ) f #cj1jjj to #dj1jjj wor? ( re-pa9t+1 etc4 ,f ?is x w be assum$ t vehicle repa9t+1 rightly direct$1 af=ds sub/antial pr(its4 ,7 x o!rwise ! firm 9 "q w\ld n make x a "p ( _! bus9ess4 ,,t\*-,,up-,,&-,,v>ni%4 ,! t\*-up-&-v>ni% job is suppos$ to rea* ! pa9t %op %[+ b few evid5ces ( grim-visag$ s]vice4 ,! fact t x doesn't uni=mly d s furni%es ! pa9t] ) ab\t z mu* difficulty 9 satisfactorily h&l+ ?is class ( "w z he enc\nt]s 9 do+ ^? classes :i* h a m tr\blesome look to !m4 ,! be/ pr(its to be glean$ f ?is class ( "w are realiz$ :5 ! room space w admit ( locat+ ! job 9 a position :]e x c be h&ily work$ at )\t mu* unhang+1 & :]e pl5ty ( light may be secur$4 ,a simple removal ( ! %afts1 :eels1 &1 if necess>y1 top1 toge!r ) su* int]ior furni%+s z c>pet1 cu%ion /orm apron1 etc41 w1 9 a majority ( cases1 suffice to cle> ! way = active "w ^u ! job1 provid$ suffici5t room space is at comm&4 ,! unhang+ ( "s ( ^! t\* ups is sometimes an exp5sive item1 especially :5 ru/y bolts are to be tak5 out & replac$4 ,!re=e1 ! lea/ possible unhang+ %\ld be practic$4 ,once ! necess>y p>ts are remov$1 proce$ to clean (f ! grease sme>s1 wip+ axle arms bright1 & look+ well to ! fif? :eel4 ,b5z9e is a good1 quick liquid ag5t = loos5+ grease1 etc4 ,if top is left ^u ! job 7& x %\ld be 9 mo/ cases1 :5 possible71 du/ out ! l9+ c>efully1 clean outside well1 !n clean out ! body int]ior1 aft] :i* give ! outside body surface a light pumice fl\r & wat] rub z ! mo/ effective means ( ridd+ x ( possible greasy pat*es1 dirt nibs1 etc4 ,a close1 h>d rubb+ %\ld be avoid$1 z ^u a majority ( surfaces x is prone to disclose *ecks & fissures1 m9ute or o!rwise1 :i* a s+le coat ( v>ni% w only s]ve to br+ out m cle>ly1 r ?an to conceal4 ,! body rubb$ & wa%$ ?or\ghly1 ! runn+ p>ts are giv5 a c>eful r9s+ & dry+ (f ) ! *amois sk94 ,,t\*+ ,,up4 ,mat*+ colors prep>atory to t\*+ up is probably ! mo/ difficult process relat$ to ?is class ( "w4 ,to mat* colors successfully "o mu/ h a correct eye = colors4 ,to di/+ui% betwe5 closely relat$ t9ts1 %ades1 hues1 & tones1 9 an accurate & conclusive way1 br+s into play tal5ts1 or a gift--call x :at y please--n v\*saf$ to ! av]age mortal4 ,?is is "o important feature ( ! trade t practice does n make p]fect4 ,! colori/ does n acquire 8 skill by practice m]ely4 ,if ! fad+ ( colors t5d$ 9 "o g5]al way & to some?+ l a uni=m degree1 ! successful mat*+ ( colors might be controll$ 9 due "t by all pa9t]s int]e/$ 9 exp]im5tal "w4 ,*emi/ry & o!r sci5tific aids to color-mak+ h wr\ght my/]i\s &1 to ! practical man1 undemon/rable factors 9 c>riage colors4 ,z a result1 colors fade 9 all ! v>y+ degrees imag9able1 & are subject to s _m influ5ces t _! control1 z a rule1 is q beyond ! skill & practical k ( ! pa9t]4 ,_m ( ! colors1 notably ! radiant r$s lately s fa%ionable1 are naturally s fugitive t unless extraord9>y c>e is ex]cis$ 9 prep>+ ! gr\ndwork1 !y quickly fade2 &1 _! orig9al id5tity once lo/1 x is a feat beyond ! ability ( ! mo/ ma/]ful colori/ or color mat*] to re/ore4 ,to a less ext5t1 p]haps1 o!r colors op]ate 9 ! same way4 ,! "q1 !re=e1 pres5ts itself3--,is n ! be/ way to mat* colors to prev5t _! fad+1 s f> z prev5tion c be made to apply8 ,"o's doctor w affirm t a m\nd ( prev5tion is wor? a m\nta9 ( cure4 ,x is n expect$ to make ?is prev5tion s sweep+ & effectual z to m]it ! title ( a cure-all4 ,b prev5tive measures1 dilig5tly practic$1 w less5 ! fad+ evil1 & ?us r$uce ! "w ( mat*+ colors to ! m9imum4 ,! mix+ ( colors1 z already allud$ to 9 ^! *apt]s1 %\ld1 s f> z x is )9 ! p[] ( enlight5$ pa9t %op k1 be made an exact process4 ,c>elessness & guess "w are n to be tol]at$4 ,exact measurem5ts ( all ! +r$i5ts :i* g into a bat* ( color or pa9t are necess>y4 ,!n a firm insi/5ce ^u h>dy1 durable gr\nds1 reg>dless ( ! hurry+ %\ts ( ! populace1 is 9 ord]4 ,a fugitive r$1 or any o!r fugitive color1 z a matt] ( fact1 is giv5 a support t w add to its p]man5cy1 by adju/+ ! gr\nd color ) su* a /rong b9d] ( v>ni% t ! color has a live look to x--an approa* to a fa9t egg-%ell gloss1 let u say4 ,! ret5tion ( ! f9al color's orig9al purity & /r5g? is 9 ?is way made m p]man5t4 ,9 color mat*+1 h[ev]1 :i*1 despite our be/ ef=ts1 mu/ cont9ue to be a "p ( pa9t %op practice1 x is be/ to take ov] to ! mix+ b5* a c]ta9 "p ( ! "w to be t\*$ up1 &1 t\*+ a few in*es ( space ) v>ni% s t x c be se5 :at ! spots & :at ! color z a :ole w look l "u a fre% coat ( v>ni%1 proce$ to gauge ! mat*+ color to x4 ,x is a pr9ciple adh]$ to by _m skill$ workm5 9 ! mat*+ ( colors t ! t\*-up color %\ld conta9 suffici5t v>ni% to cause x to dry ) a /\t gloss4 ,a color furni%$ ) a /rong v>ni% gloss w reflect m light ?an x w absorb1 & vice v]sa4 ,& ! color :i* 9 process ( dry+ absorbs m light ?an x reflects1 w1 z a rule1 :5 v>ni%$ ov]1 be a diff]5t color 7or a diff]5t %ade1 hue1 or t9t ( t color7 ?an x look$ to be 9 ! mix+ pot or on ! surface aft] x _h simply dri$ free f tack4 ,an absorption ( light has effect$ a *emical or o!r *ange 9 x1 & :at 0 judg$ z a close mat* proves a wide dep>ture f x4 ,ev5 ) ! c\nt]act+ ag5cy ( v>ni%1 a color is pretty sure to dry out light] ?an x appe>s 9 ! mix+ cup1 s t close calculation & ! ex]cise ( ! colori/'s art 9 a f9e way is ne$$ to get ! desir$ mat*4 ,! t\*-up color hav+ be5 satisfactorily prep>$ & te/$1 ! felloes & all places on ! job worn b>e to ! wood be+1 9 ! meantime1 t\*$ ) lead & oil1 ! "w ( t\*+ fir/ ! body & !n ! runn+ p>ts is c>ri$ along4 ,!n ! dress+ ( ! top1 side curta9s1 &1 if ne$ be1 ! da%1 ensues4 ,! int]ior ( ! body is next v>ni%$1 !n ! outside surface is fl[$1 &1 f9ally1 ! runn+ p>ts4 ,com+ next to ! t\*-up-&-v>ni% job1 & by _m pa9t]s reg>d$ z belong+ to ! same class1 is ! job t gets "o coat ( color1 /rip+1 & "o coat ( v>ni%4 ,?is job (f]s an opportunity = deception ( :i* ! pa9t %op graduates 9 ! s*ool ( intellectual villa9y are quick to take advantage4 ,!y solemnly assure ! prospective cu/om] t !y w pa9t 8 vehicle =1 say1 #f1 ! price ask$ ord9>ily = ! color & "o coat v>ni% job4 ,! /rang]1 caught by ! price & ! allur+ prospect ( gett+ ! job pa9t$1 responds to ! hold up until ! di%one/y ( ! ?+ is reveal$1 z x is sure to be1 by ! exact+ ne$s ( s]vice4 ,! color1 /ripe1 & v>ni% job calls = no little dext]ity 9 _m cases1 9 plac+ ! color directly ov] a h>d1 fl9ty surface ( pa9t & v>ni% & mak+ x /ay = a reasonable t]m ( s]vice4 ,! surface once clean$1 z p] directions 9 ! prec$+ case1 ! body is giv5 a light rub ) wat] & pumice /one fl\r1 & ! ge> is treat$ to a sm>t smoo?+ (f ) f9e s&pap]4 ,^! f9e1 &1 to ! nak$ eye1 almo/ invisible scrat*es & furr[s1 suffice to af=d a foo?old1 a gripp+ place1 = ! color4 ,^! h>d1 adamant9e surfaces ov] :i* quick colors are (t5 necess>ily plac$ may be class$ z prolific s\rces ( color flak+ & *ipp+4 ,9 addition to ! s&pap]+ z a means ( promot+ durability1 ! use ( a /rong b9d] ( v>ni% 9 ! color is advis$4 ,! "o coat color1 /ripe1 & v>ni% job is quickly done & %\ld af=d a good pr(it4 ,! color1 color-&-v>ni%1 /ripe1 & f9i% job simply means a coat ( color-&-v>ni% appli$ ov] ! color aft] x has be5 plac$ z j describ$4 ,!n a moss+ or rubb+ ) hair to ! ext5t ( knock+ ( ! gloss ( ! color-&-v>ni%1 /rip+1 & f9i%+1 ! body surface1 ( c\rse1 to get a r light rub ) wat] & pumice /one1 bo? be=e apply+ ! color & aft] apply+ ! color-&-v>ni%4 ,%\ld ! body surface %[ signs ( be+ fissur$ & crack$ some:at1 x 7 bett] to =ego ! rubb+ ) pumice /one & wat]1 sub/itut+ !re= a dress+ d[n ) ,no4 #a_/b s&pap]4 ,?is provides aga9/ moi/ure gett+ into ! *ecks & caus+ tr\ble4 ,foll[+ 9 ! wake ( ! above class ( "w come ! jobs t are afflict$ ) all sorts & conditions ( surface ailm5ts2 jobs t ought prop]ly to be burn$ (f if ! own]s c\ld be conv9c$ ( ! economy ( ! process4 ,"o way ( treat+ a body surface ?read$ ) fissures consi/s ( tak+ a two-in* scrap]1 su* z c> pa9t]s use1 made ( a file crank$ ov] at bo? ends s z to give two cutt+ blades1 & scrap+ ! v>ni% completely (f d[n to ! und]coat+s ( color & pa9t4 ,foll[ ! scrap+ ) a quick rubb+ ) lump pumice /one or a f9e grade ( brick & wat]1 avoid+ ev5 a close approa* to ! wood4 ,9 mo/ cases ! cracks w1 by ?is process1 be pretty cleanly remov$2 :5 !y are n entirely slick$ (f ! rema9+ ve/iges are1 z a rule1 s fa9tly trac$ z to give no fur!r tr\ble :5 bridg$ ov] by ! coats ( lead1 color1 & v>ni%4 ,! rubb+ once complet$1 ! surface is giv5 "t to dry out ?or\ghly2 !n s&+ ) ,no4 #j ensues1 ?is1 9 turn1 giv+ way to a coat ( fac+ lead mix$ to dry )\t gloss1 ! lead be+ color$ to a decid$ slate %ade ) lampblack4 ,apply ) a camel's-hair bru%4 ,s&pap] ?is coat ) ,no4 #a_/b pap]2 !n apply color1 & f9i% out z previ\sly advis$ 9 ^! *apt]s4 ,if a diff]5t plan ( fill+ up is pref]r$1 cut d[n ! surface ) ,no4 #b s&pap]1 & fir/ apply a lead coat mix$ ( #a_/c raw l9se$ oil to #b_/c turp5t9e4 ,9 #dh h\rs give a coat ( r\gh/uff made ( keg lead & fill]1 equal p>ts by weight1 ?9n$ to a /iff pa/e ) rubb+ v>ni% & japan1 half & half1 & !n r$uc$ to a free bru%+ consi/5cy ) turp5t9e4 ,fir/ putty+ %\ld be done on ! lead coat1 & ! second "o on ! fir/ fill] coat4 ,a c\ple m ( r\gh/uff coats w suffice to give ! ne$$ body ( rubb+ pigm5t4 ,?us ! old fl9ty f\ndation is furni%$ ) ! requisite ela/icity ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! oil lead coat4 ,! r\gh/uff f\ndation is made to dry h>d & firm1 l unto ! condition ( ! old f\ndation itself1 & 9 ?is way an aff9ity betwe5 ! old & ! new is e/abli%$4 ,ano!r f\ndation is quickly build$ by tak+ any good r\gh/uff fill] & r$uc+ x to a spread+ consi/5cy ) %ellac1 ! fir/ coat1 h[ev]1 be+ made a bit ?9n] 9 body ?an ! succe$+ coats1 s t x w m readily p5etrate ! cracks4 ,?ree coats ( ?is prep>ation usually suffices to yield ! necess>y f\ndation free f fissures or o!r blemi%es4 ,! r\gh/uff fill] & %ellac make a comp\nd rem>kably quick sett+2 h5ce1 x mu/ be work$ v quickly if smoo?ness ( application w\ld be a*iev$4 ,aga91 x is ! practice 9 "s qu>t]s to s&pap] ! old surface d[n z close z possible1 giv+ a /\t coat ( lead mix$ ) #a_/d oil to #c_/d turp5t9e1 & :5 ?is coat has dri$ = a c\ple ( days1 putty all ! deep cavities1 foll[+1 ! day aft]1 ) a glaz+ ( putty ov] ! surface1 ! glaz+ be+ done ) a broad putty knife1 & ! putty be+ work$ out to a uni=m film & z smoo? z possible4 ,9 respect to ! runn+ p>ts1 all flaky1 %elly pat*es ( surface %\ld be scrap$4 ,all torn & %r$d$ places require smoo?+ d[n nicely ) scrap] & s&pap]4 ,! old rema9+ pa9t %\ld be p]fectly solid & secure4 ,! p>ts clean$ & sc\r$ to ! b>e wood _h be/ be giv5 a lead coat conta9+1 z "o ( its liquid +r$i5ts1 at lea/ #a_/c l9se$ oil4 ,! second coat1 appli$1 l ! fir/1 ) a camel's-hair bru%1 may conta9 m]ely a b9d] ( oil1 avoidance ( gloss be+ a /rictly obs]v$ rule4 ,!n putty deep holes & ind5tations1 foll[+ ?is ) draw putty+ all p>ts 9 ne$ ( su* treatm5t4 ,^u ?is lead coat1 or a second "o if ! own] is n av]se to pay+ = x1 ! f9i% is rea*$ 9 ! usual way1 z advis$ 9 a =m] *apt]4 ,9 pa9t+ ov] ^! crack$1 flaky1 & insecure f\ndations1 ! fir/ pr9ciple to be obs]v$ is to get ! %aky1 %elly mat]ial completely remov$1 leav+ no?+ b ! firm & securely fa/5$ pigm5t4 ,! second "o is to secure z ?or\gh an amalgamation ( ! old & new mat]ials z practical pa9t-%op k & skill w insure4 ,,burn+ ,,(f ,,pa9t4 ,h[ev] good ! crack-fill+ =mulas may be1 !y are at be/ only exp$i5ts ( tempor>y value4 ,burn+ (f ! pa9t1 ?us gett+ a sure f\ndation f ! wood itself1 is effective & free f ^? injuri\s effects :i* are s (t5 *>act]i/ic ( pa9t remov+ prep>ations1 etc4 ,z 9 ! pa/ affirm$ by ! writ]1 ) ! old m or less %aky f\ndation1 conc]n+ ! exact nature ( :i* no man kn[e?1 fairly & cleanly remov$1 ! pa9t] is enabl$ to "w f ! f\ndation coat to ! f9i% ) ! bright light ( k conc]n+ ! prep>ation & application ( ! mat]ials us$1 dry+1 action1 etc41 fla%+ ?r\gh 8 m9d4 ,?is is :y burn+ (f is s mu* m satisfactory1 usually1 to ! pa9t]4 ,9 ! l+o ( ! /reet1 he kn[s :]e he is at1 & ! measure ( security af=d$ him4 ,to d fir/-class pa9t burn+--& ! o!r k9d is n to be consid]$ 9 ^! *apt]s--! workman mu/ be provid$ ) a /rictly reliable & good-work+ lamp1 burn+ gasol9e or naph?a4 ,to be ma9ta9$ 9 a condition to r5d] satisfactory results1 ! flues & me*anism require ?or\gh clean+ & inspection be=e ! lamp is laid away aft] use4 ,no unus$ fluid %\ld be all[$ to rema9 9 ! res]voir ( ! lamp :5 x is n 9 use1 z ! vapor aris+ !refrom w v %ortly deposit a film ( /icky sub/ance on ! surface ( ! flues t w prev5t a smoo? & ev5 flame :5 ! lamp is aga9 put into use4 ,& ev5tually1 if ! flues are p]mitt$ to become m or less *ok$ up 9 ?is way1 ! lamp w refuse to "w at all4 ,explosions & accid5ts ( _m k9ds are possible ) ! lamp t is all[$ to clog & gum up4 ,! burn+ lamp %\ld be kept 9 a clean place1 & %[ a clean1 bright surface1 bo? int]ior & ext]ior4 ,a c\ple ( putty knives1 "o n>r[ & "o broad blade1 a good1 s]viceable glove or mitt5 provid$ ) a wri/ & half-arm sleeve1 & a lea!r apron rea*+ well up to ! workman's *e/1 belong to ! burn]'s kit1 & %\ld be kept 9 close company ) ! lamp4 ,! op]ation ( burn+ consi/s 9 simply direct+ ! flame ^u ! surface long en\gh to s(t5 up ! pigm5t & p]mit ( its easy removal ) ! knife4 ,9 a way1 burn+ (f is a misnom]4 ,to lit]ally burn ! pa9t (f1 z ! appr5tice might possibly con/rue ! t]m if n o!rwise enlight5$1 w\ld result 9 *>r+ ! wood to a h>mful ext5t4 ,beg9 burn+ at a "p ( ! surface :i* w all[ ! s(t5$ pa9t to be ?r[n (f ov] a portion ( ! surface /ill coat$ ) pa9t4 ,z ! knife is usually h&l$ ) ! "r h& x is be/ to beg9 burn+ on ! left side ( ! panel4 ,?us ! s(t5$ pa9t is ?r[n to ! "r & across ! unburn$ portion ( ! surface4 ,x is a wise rule to rememb]1 9 connection ) ?is "w1 t a job burn$ "r is 9 a fair way to be pa9t$ "r4 ,if ?r\gh an accid5t or o!rwise ! surface %\ld get scor*$ 9 places1 a complete scrap+ out ( ! burn$ wood fibres w be necess>y4 ,!n ) equal p>ts ( raw l9se$ oil & turp5t9e t\* j ! *>r$ pat*es4 ,aft] a solid block s&pap]+1 ! surface may be tak5 9 h& & conduct$ to a f9i% 9 ! usual way4 ,,table ,,( ,,mat]ials ,,us$ ,,9 ,,pa9t+ ,,vehicles4 ,= a l&au3-- ,,body4 ,prim+ #b qu>ts ,lead #a-a_/b ,putty #c_/d to #a-a_/b lbs4 ,s&pap] #aj %eets ,r\gh/uff 7f\r coats7 #a gallon ,guide coat #c_/d qu>t ,color 7p] coat7 #a p9t ,color-&-v>ni% 7#b coats7 #a-a_/b qu>ts ,cle> rubb+ 7#a coat7 #a-a_/b p9ts ,coat ( f9i%+ #a-c_/d ,,runn+ ,,p>ts4 ,prim+ #a-a_/h qu>ts ,rub lead #a-a_/d ,lead coat #a ,putty #a_/b lb4 ,s&pap] #ab %eets ,color #a p9t ,color-&-v>ni% 7p] coat7 #a-a_/b p9ts ,cle> rubb+ #a-a_/b ,coat f9i%+ #a qu>t ,9 ! case ( a ,b]l9 coa*1 p]haps ! quantity ( ea* item ( mat]ial %\ld be increas$ ov] ! above to ! ext5t ( #a_/d = ! body surface4 ,runn+ p>ts require ! same quantity4 ,! body ( a six-pass5g] rockaway w ne$1 approximately1 #a_/h less mat]ial ?an ! body ( ! l&au or coa*4 ,! body ( ! c\pe-rockaway #a_/d less4 ,runn+ p>ts consume ab\t ! same quantity z ! heavi] vehicles "h nam$4 ,! quantity ( v>ni% nam$ = ! above vehicles provides = toe-bo>ds1 *ecks1 /eps1 bottoms1 etc4 ,= buggies ( ! v>i\s /yles3 ,,body4 ,prim+ #e_/h p9t ,lead #a_/b ,putty #a_/d lb4 ,s&pap] #f %eets ,r\gh/uff 7#d coats7 #a qu>t ,color 7#b coats7 #a p9t ,lampblack 7= bottoms7 #a_/b ,color-&-v>ni% #e_/h ,cle> rubb+ 7#b coats7 #a ,f9i%+ v>ni% #b_/c ,v>ni% 9 color & fill] #a ,,runn+ ,,p>ts4 ,prim+ #a p9t ,lead 7#b coats7 #a-c_/d ,putty #c_/h lb4 ,s&pap] #ab %eets ,color #a p9t ,color-&-v>ni% #a-a_/d ,cle> rubb+ #a-a_/d ,coat ( f9i%+ #a-a_/b ,su* light pleasure vehicles z surreys1 cabriolets1 etc41 require an increase 9 ! quantity ( ea* item ( mat]ial ov] t accord$ to ! buggies & phaetons ( ab\t "o-half4 ,! above tables may be ( b5efit to "s ( my read]s :o desire a practical basis ^u :i* to e/imate ! co/ ( ! mat]ial to be us$ ^u a c]ta9 vehicle4 ,labor is said by compet5t au?orities to repres5t #ge p] c5t ( ! co/ ( pa9t+ a vehicle4 ,) ! co/ ( mat]ial at h&--a computation made comp>atively easy by ! aid ( ! tables "h set =?--& ) #ge p] c5t ( ! :ole co/ cr$it$ to ! labor item1 a v close e/imate ^u g5]al vehicle pa9t+ c be made4 ,guess "w 9 gaug+ ! price ( a job ( vehicle pa9t+ paves ! way to an unpr(itable bus9ess v5ture2 m surely 9 ^! days ( upro>i\s competition ?an 9 times pa/4 ,c>eful e/imates1 :i* include co/ ( labor1 mat]ial1 %op r5t1 we> & te> ( tools1 & su* o!r incid5tal features ( bus9ess :i* may prop]ly be tak5 note ( 9 an e/imate1 h come to be imp]ative necessities 9 c>riage & wagon pa9t+4 ,v]ily1 x is true t x is n all ( pa9t+ to pa9t--e/imat+ %\ld be includ$ !re94 ,,tops ,,& ,,da%es4 ,! prop] c>e & treatm5t ( c>riage tops & da%es =ms "o ( ! significant features ( ! re-pa9t+ bus9ess4 ,ab\t e class ( citiz5s :o h to d ) c>riages--! trimm]1 h>ness-mak]1 liv]y man1 blacksmi?1 hack-driv]1 & jockey--regul>ly come =w>d bubbl+ ov] ) advice & =mulas = ! pres]vation ( tops2 b usually ! pa9t %op is resort$ to z ! ,c\rt ( ,appeal4 ,! aim ( ! pa9t] %\ld be to imp>t to ! top & da% a f9i% :i* w correspond to t giv5 ! o!r p>ts ( ! vehicle1 at ! same "t furni%+ ! lea!r or rubb] a pres]vative ag5t t w provide reasonable durability4 ,9 e jobb+ pa9t %op a space %\ld be set ap>t = ! safe & clean /orage ( tops & da%es2 also cu%ions1 c>pets1 & o!r int]ior furni%+s4 ,9 ! space select$ = ! purpose a rack made to con=m to ! size ( ! space may be erect$4 ,build x to consi/ ( two ti]s1 ) a half-/ory ti] above = ! hold+ ( cu%ions1 c>pets1 etc4 ,if ! space is l>ge en\gh1 make ! rack1 say1 #ab feet long1 #aj feet high1 & #d feet wide4 ,! two fir/ ti]s w hold six buggy tops4 ,! rack is made ( #a-;in* & #b-;in* /uff1 hemlock1 say1 & ne$ n co/ to exce$ #a4ej4 ,tops t are regul>ly cala%$ w require only half space4 ,"u no circum/ances %\ld a top be cala%$ & /or$ away 9 ! %op unless x has be5 us$ & subject to su* treatm5t4 ,! top 7& ! da% also1 :5 remov$71 ^u removal %\ld be clean$ ?or\ghly be=e be+ set away4 ,if ! top jo9ts ne$ a coat+ ( lead x %\ld be giv5 !m prior to plac+ !m 9 ! rack or p]man5t /orage place4 ,x is bad policy to def] pa9t+ & f9i%+ su* p>ts until x is ne>ly "t to hang (f ! o!r p>ts ( ! vehicle4 ,a uni=m quality ( f9i% _c 9 ?is way be secur$4 ,! irons on tops1 if *ipp$1 ru/$1 etc41 require lead1 (t5 a fac+ ) putty1 color1 color-&-v>ni%1 a light rub ) pumice /one fl\r & wat]1 & f9i%+ ) a good h>d dry+ v>ni%4 ,a few days be=e ! vehicle is f9i%$ ! top belong+ to x may be tak5 9 h&1 ! l9+ c>efully du/$ out1 & ! lea!r or rubb] spong$ (f & dri$ ov] ) a *amois sk94 ,! fur!r treatm5t may dep5d ^u ! mat]ial ( :i* ! top is compos$4 ,a great _m vehicle own]s1 liv]y m5 9 p>ticul>1 pref] to h lea!r tops--except ! badly worn ones--g )\t a dress+ ( any k9d1 a simple wa%+ ) ca/ile soap & s(t wat] be+ ?\ght to amply suffice4 ,h&-buff$ lea!r tops 9 good condition1 9 ! writ]'s e/imation1 require no dress+2 ! ma*9e-buff$ ones1 h[ev]1 are b5efit$ by a ?91 ev5ly-appli$ coat ( "s /rictly reliable enamel top dress+4 ,& x is p]t95t "h to say t ev5 ! be/ ( dress+s1 ^? :i* long usage has sanction$ z ( e/abli%$ value1 are ( su* a nature t !y are b5eficial only :5 appli$ sp>+ly4 ,a dress+1 to be g5u9ely useful to ! c>riage pa9t]1 %\ld pres]ve ! enamel ( a top1 /r5g!n ! lea!r or rubb]1 & enable x to reta9 its natural flexibility = ! longe/ possible p]iod4 ,if1 !n1 ! top be rubb] or ma*9e-buff$ lea!r1 apply dress+1 n =gett+ ! side curta9s4 ,if a lea!r top & ! own] wi%es x to be giv5 "s prep>ation o!r ?an ! regulation enamel top dress+ ( comm]ce1 ! foll[+ =mulas may be us$1 ! two fir/ be+ p>ticul>ly b5eficial to ! lea!r4 ,=mula ,no4 #a4--,neatsfoot oil1 #a p9t1 beef suet1 #a_/h lb4 ,melt ! oil & suet toge!r4 ,!n add a tablespoonful ( melt$ beeswax1 mix+ ! +r$i5ts c>efully1 & conf9+ 9 an air-tight vessel4 ,! beeswax has a cool+ prop]ty greatly to be desir$ 9 a lea!r pres]vative4 ,=mula ,no4 #b4--;,d>k5 neatsfoot oil ) a drop black4 ,apply sp>+ly & rub out well ) s(t rags4 ,?is =mula does n give ! brilliancy ( f9i% t an enamel dress+ does1 b x gives to ! lea!r a s(tness & pliability n obta9$ o!rwise4 ,=mula ,no4 #c4--;,adapt$ = ei!r rubb] or lea!r4 ,( f9i%+ v>ni%1 #a qu>t2 beeswax1 #a oz2 drop black1 suffici5t to color mixture prop]ly4 ,?9 to a bru%+ consi/5cy ) ! turp5t9e4 ,! wor? & reliability ( ,no4 #c is v\*$ = by a jobb+ %op pa9t] ( tw5ty-five ye>s' exp]i5ce4 ,=mula ,no4 #d4--,?is provides = ! use ( boil$ l9se$ oil /a9$ ) drop black ?9n$ ) turp5t9e4 ,apply ?is prep>ation ) a bru%1 rubb+ x out well & uni=mly4 ,set aside = #cj m9utes2 !n ) clean s(t rags1 rub ! mixture (f1 poli%+ until a clean clo? %[s no /a9 :5 rubb$ ov] ! lea!r4 ,places :i* %[ cracks & h>d s]vice w ne$ a second coat+ ) ! mixture4 ,! lea!r is n ?ick5$ ) ?is mixture1 has no unusual attraction = du/ & dirt1 & w rema9 s(t & flexible4 ,f9e gra9$ lea!r da%es1 f5d]s1 etc41 :i* d n look worn or ru/y1 appe>+ only soil$ & some:at sme>y1 may be gone ov] ) a clo? saturat$ lightly ) k]os5e oil1 & !n poli%$ ) s(t wool5 rags4 ,! common] grades may be giv5 pat5t enamel dress+1 or1 if pref]r$1 a ?9 coat ( drop black rubb$ (f imm$iately ) s(t rags & !n fl[$ ) a fir/-class f9i%+ v>ni%4 ,if mu* worn1 !y may be greatly fre%5$ up & r5ew$ if treat$ ) "s ( ! =mulas giv5 h]e)4 ,,m>k+ ,,& ,,me?ods ,,( ,,id5tify+ ,,vehicles ,,& ,,_! ,,p>ts4 ,! jobb+ pa9t %op requires & %\ld be giv5 a sy/em ( m>k+ & tabulat+ all "w tak5 91 s t :5 ! f9i% is rea*$ & hang+ (f occurs1 valuable "t ne$ n be wa/$ 9 se>*+ = mislaid & unid5tifi$ p>ts1 su* z cu%ions1 c>pets1 /orm aprons1 & ! l4 ,unless ea* "p is c>efully m>k$ ) a prop]ly fill$ out tag atta*$ to said "p1 & an itemiz$ entry made 9 ! receiv+ book fitt$ ) pr9t$ =ms1 a fill$ out =m be+ giv5 ! vehicle own] & a duplicate copy reta9$ by ! pa9t]1 confusion worse conf\nd$ may be expect$ to occasionally occur4 ,! foll[+ is a blank =m :i* ! writ] sev]al ye>s ago publi%$ &1 hav+ se5 x 9 use 9 ! pa9t+ bus9ess1 he c *e]fully endorse its m]its z a practical work+ =m3 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,,receiv$ ,,f ,,by ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,,day ,,mon? ,,date ,,receiv$ ,,on ,,to ,,be ,,f9i%$ ,,on ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,,articles ,,left ,,) ,,rem>ks ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,,wa%+ ,,f9i%$ ,,"w4 ,! duty ( ! pa9t] does n end ) ! hang+ (f ( ! f9i%$ vehicle4 ,he has /ill "o o!r important mission to p]=m1 namely1 pr(f]+ advice to ! vehicle own] ^u ! pres]vation ( c>riage surfaces4 ,su* advice may be direct$ along ! foll[+ l9es3-- ,c>riages require /orage 9 ap>tm5ts free f dampness1 furni%$ ) pl5ty ( light1 invit$ if possible1 f all sides1 & entirely remov$ f ! /able & its att5dant emanations ( ammoniacal gases4 ,ammonia1 make ! vehicle us] und]/&1 is a deadly enemy to colors & v>ni%4 ,brick walls may also correctly be class$ z pa9t & v>ni% enemies caus+ loss ( lu/re & g5]al det]ioration4 ,a newly-v>ni%$ vehicle surface is greatly b5efit$1 once ! v>ni% is suffici5tly h>d to p]mit x1 by frequ5t wa%+s ) clean cold wat]4 ,premature wat] ba?s1 h[ev]1 are to be avoid$1 save :5 made absolutely necess>y by reason ( mud spott+ or o!r accid5ts ( t ord]4 ,! sugge/ion "o he>s occasionally (f]$ to ! effect t a surface may be safely r9s$ ) wat] ?ree days aft] be+ f9i%$ is n f\nd$ ^u practical pa9t-%op or v>ni%-mak+ philosophy1 s long z x is made to apply to a high-grade ela/ic v>ni%4 ,su* a v>ni% may be1 to a m]e f+] t\*1 q dry1 b 9 reality only ! out] film is p>tially dry1 & putt+ x into s]vice or submitt+ x to a cold wat] ba? are ea* 9 _! turn risky exp]im5ts4 ,! fact t an ela/ic v>ni% has rea*$ ! free-f-du/ dry+ /age %\ld n be tak5 z a tru/wor?y indication t ! "t = wa%+ has arriv$4 ,!re is no "q conc]n+ ! b5efit ( a cold wat] r9s+ to a v>ni% surface t has well h>d5$ z to its out] film4 ,frequ5t wa%+s w !n improve its lu/re & durability4 ,x mu/ always be tak5 into consid]ation t 9 ! case ( fir/-class pa9t+1 assimilation ( ! v>i\s v>ni% coats ensues1 & a fair measure ( "t is !re=e necess>y aft] ! application ( ! f9i%+ coat ere ! wa%+ c be safely giv54 ,9 wa%+ a v>ni% surface1 gase\s impurities :i* s readily accumulate1 are remov$4 ,v>ni%1 :5 at a c]ta9 temp]ature1 is susceptible ( contraction :5 any cold] body is br\ght 9 contact ) x4 ,?is is ! controll+ pr9ciple ( v>ni% wa%+4 ,! contraction ( a n prop]ly h>d5$ v>ni%1 aft] cold wat] is appli$ to x1 causes ! liquid gas ( ! v>ni% to escape ?r\gh ! m$ium ( evaporation4 ,dry+1 accord+ to ! natural laws ( dry+1 a v>ni% reta9s ^? elem5ts :i* add to its brilliancy & ela/ic prop]ties4 ,:5 =c$ to dry by virtue ( premature cold wat] flood+1 unfavorable results may be expect$ to foll[4 ,wa%+ a newly-v>ni%$ vehicle %\ld nev] occur "u ! bright gl>e ( ! sun4 ,pl5ty ( wat] flood$ g5tly ^u ! surface ) a s(t sponge is a necessity 9 ! wa%+ process4 ,dirt accumulations1 if any1 are s(t5$ & c>ri$ f ! surface "u ! volume ( wat]4 ,aft] a c>eful spong+1 ! surface may be dri$ (f nicely ) a clean l9t-free *amois sk94 ,if a hose be us$1 x %\ld be adroitly wield$1 & ! /ream s gaug$ t no h>m c come to ! surface f ! wat] pressure4 ,! hose 9 ! h&s ( an incompet5t coa*man is ! cause ( a great _m accid5ts to fre%ly laid v>ni%4 ,caution ! wa%] aga9/ wett+ ! inside ( ! c>riage body4 ,glue jo9ts1 etc41 d n /rongly resi/ ! attacks ( wat]4 ,"u no circum/ances p]mit wat] to dry on ! surface4 ,/a9s m or less pron\nc$ are almo/ sure to foll[4 ,hot wat]1 soapy wat]1 or wat] n /rictly clean %\ld n be all[$ to come 9 contact ) a surface ( v>ni%4 ,d n all[ mud to dry ^u ! surface4 ,wa% x imm$iately ^u its return to ! c>riage h\se aft] be+ run 9 ! mud4 ,,s*$ule ,,( ,,prices ,,= ,,re-,,pa9t+4 ,! prices "h giv5 are pres5t$ 9 ! nature ( a work+ plan = ! b5efit ( pa9t]s locat$ 9 ! small] t[ns & villages ( ! c\ntry4 ,! s*$ule is subject to revision or correction 9 localities :]e ! prevail+ grade ( "w does n w>rant ! adoption ( ! prices h]e9 set =?4 ,t\*-up & v>ni% buggy or phaeton 7dress top if necess>y7 #e4ej ,rubb+ bodies ( above jobs1 give coat ( color ?r\gh\t bodies & ge>s1 /ripe & f9i% #g4jj ,extra coat ( v>ni% to above jobs #b4jj ,burn+ pa9t (f body ( phaeton or buggy1 surfac+ ge>s ) lead & re-pa9t+ ?r\gh\t #ae4jj ,burn+ pa9t f ge> #c4jj ,t\*-up & v>ni% surrey #g4jj ,extra coat ( v>ni% = above job #c4jj ,extra coat ( v>ni% = body #a4ej ,pa9t+ surrey ?r\gh\t #ad4jj ,burn+ pa9t (f entire job & re-pa9t+ #bj4jj ,t\*-up & v>ni% cabriolet #aj4jj ,extra coat ( v>ni% = above job #d4jj ,extra coat ( v>ni% = body #b4jj ,pa9t+ cabriolet fir/-class ?r\gh\t #bc4jj ,burn+ pa9t (f body #c4jj ,burn+ pa9t (f job entire & pa9t+ #cj4jj ,t\*-up & v>ni% a f\r or six pass5g] rockaway #bj4jj ,additional coat ( v>ni% = above job #aj4jj ,surfac+ ^u ! old pa9t /ructure & re-pa9t+ #dj4jj ,burn+ (f body & re-pa9t+ job #ej4jj ,t\*-up & v>ni% br\gham or l&au #be4jj ,surfac+ & pa9t+ ov] ! old pa9t /ructure #dh4jj ,burn+ pa9t (f body1 re-pa9t+1 & f9i%+ ?r\gh\t #fj4jj ,t\*-up & v>ni% ,b]l9 coa* #cj4jj ,surfac+ & pa9t+ ^u ! old pa9t #ee4jj ,burn+ pa9t (f body1 re-pa9t+ & f9i%+ entire #gj4jj ,pa9t+ & f9i%+ he>se #de4jj ,burn+ pa9t (f body1 re-pa9t+1 & f9i%+ job entire #ee4jj ,t\*-up & v>ni% he>se #bj4jj ,plat=m wagons3 surfac+ & pa9t+ ^u old pa9t /ructure #ab4jj ,color1 color-&-v>ni%1 /ripe1 & f9i% #aj4jj ,v>ni% light bus9ess wagon #f4jj ,pa9t+ light express or bus9ess wagon )\t top #aj4jj to #ab4jj ,pa9t+ top light express or bus9ess wagon #b4jj ,pa9t+ heavy express or bus9ess wagon #ab4jj to #ae4jj ,pa9t+ top heavy express or bus9ess wagon #c4jj ,lett]+ on vehicles1 p] foot1 pla9 pa9t 4#ae to 4#bj ,lett]+1 p] foot1 %ad$ 4#bj to 4#be ,lett]+1 p] foot1 %ad$ & ornam5t$ 4#ce to 4#dj ,lett]+1 p] foot1 pla9 gold 4#de to 4#ej ,lett]+1 p] foot1 %ad$ 4#fj to 4#gj ,lett]+1 ornam5t$ gold 4#hj1 4#ij1 & #a4jj ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,a ,,/udy ,,( ,,mat]ials3 ,,:ite ,,lead1 ,,its ,,purity1 ,,etc4--,,quality ,,( ,,colors ,,9 ,,g5]al--,,adult]ation ,,practically ,,consid]$--,,purity ,,( ,,raw ,,l9se$ ,,oil--,,turp5t9e--,,te/+ ,,coa* ,,japan--,,v>ni%4 ,! "n ( a ?+ %\ld n be accept$ = all !re is to ! ?+ itself4 ,! c>riage pa9t] has v pron\nc$ reasons = be>+ ?is fact 9 m9d :5 engag$ 9 /udy+ & pass+ judgm5t ^u ! mat]ials he f9ds x ne$ful to use 9 8 bus9ess4 ,probably ! mo/ important pigm5t :i* f9ds its way into ! c>riage & wagon pa9t %op is :ite lead4 ,?is pigm5t has af=d$ a !me = increas+ discussion1 its qualities & adaptability hav+ be5 ext5sively canvass$4 ,num]\s sub/itutes h be5 introduc$ dur+ ! pa/ two decades1 b :ite lead /ill reta9s its pre-em95t popul>ity4 ,lead comp\nds & v>i\s adult]at$ br&s h giv5 ! pa9t] pl5ty ( tr\ble1 & caus$ him to devote m att5tion to ! quality ( 8 :ite lead /ock ?an =m]ly4 ,because ( its s(t1 pliable1 gra9-fill+ prop]ty1 its e/abli%$ ela/icity1 d5sity1 body1 f9e work+ quality1 & its m]its z a reliable dry+ pigm5t1 :ite lead is ! fill+ up & f\ndation mat]ial p> excell5ce4 ,! purity ( lead des]ves ! c>riage pa9t]'s fir/ consid]ation4 ,x has be5 practically det]m9$ t a pure lead1 end[$ ) all ! virtues :i* %\ld di/+ui% pure lead1 :5 mix$ & us$ 9 comb9ation ) o!r pigm5ts or colors1 holds its quality bett] & is less susceptible ( *ange ?an a comp\nd or adult]at$ lead4 ,moreov]1 pure :ite lead1 ) its s(t1 f9e1 ela/ic texture1 has a natural adhesiv5ess1 a surface-fill+ & level+-up prop]ty1 :i* ! impure lead c>ry+ a p]c5tage ( gritty1 fl9ty +r$i5ts does n possess4 ,! pure lead works out "u ! bru% m pleasantly & ) less bru%+ ?an ! comp\nd1 & x dries ) great] uni=mity1 etc4 ,at ! same "t x is well to rememb] t a /rictly pure lead may h a numb] ( features 9 its make-up decid$ly objectionable to ! c>riage pa9t]4 ,x may be imp]fectly wa%$1 or x may be too co>sely gr\nd1 etc4 ,9 8 /udy ( :ite lead1 !n1 ! pa9t] w f9d x a matt] ( value to det]m9e ! adaptability ( ! lead to ! requirem5ts ( 8 bus9ess4 ,aft] conv9c+ himself ( ! purity ( ! lead1 x rema9s = him to te/ = f95ess ( gr9d+4 ,a lead gr\nd f9e--impalpably f9e1 if x please my read]s--light5s ! labor ( s&pap]+1 /rikes into ! wood fibres /\tly1 & cov]s ! maximum surface space4 ,x has good color+ & cov]+ p[] :5 mix$ ) colors to =m t9ts1 & = o!r important p>ts :i* a :ite lead plays 9 vehicle pa9t+ x is especially adapt$4 ,nor %\ld a c>riage lead be gr\nd 9 too l>ge a p]c5tage ( oil4 ,= coats betwe5 prim+ & color b comp>atively little oil is ne$$1 & wa%+ out ) b5z9e or turp5t9e entails an unnecess>y am\nt ( labor4 ,h5ce1 x %\ld be insi/$ ^u t c>riage pa9t]s' lead be gr\nd mod]ately /iff 9 oil1 s t protract$ wa%+-out may be avoid$ on ! "o h&1 & ext5d$ mix+ & break+-up op]ations %unn$ on ! o!r4 ,a practical &1 at ! same "t1 a conclusive te/ ( f95ess is furni%$ by tak+ two pieces ( plate glass #hh in*es 9 size1 sett+ !m securely 9 blocks ( wood1 & !n sme>+ a c\ple ( small flakes ( ! lead1 rubb+ ! pieces ( glass toge!r4 ,cont9ue rubb+ ) a firm1 ev5 pressure until a uni=m di/ribution ( ! pigm5t & a ?or\gh impact is e/abli%$4 ,! glasses %\ld !n disclose ! nature ( ! gr9d+4 ,to le>n ! dry+ p[] ( ! lead1 take ! palette knife & slick a small quantity ov] ! glass & set aside1 not+ ! "t consum$ 9 dry+4 ,a lead gr\nd 9 ! prop] proportion ( oil = c>riage "w %\ld1 z tak5 f ! keg & sme>$ 9 a ?9 film ov] ! glass1 dry 9 twelve h\rs s t ! f+] may be pass$ ov] x )\t /ick+4 ,:at has "h be5 said 9 ref]5ce to *emical purity or /rictly pure z a necessity 9 ! :ite lead product does n apply to all ! pigm5ts s useful to ! vehicle pa9t]4 ,= reasons "h %[n lead ext5d]s & lead comp\nds %\ld be emphatically object$ to4 ,a disav[al ( _! wor? z c>riage pa9t+ pigm5ts1 h[ev]1 9 no wise less5s ! significance ( ! fact1 z already po9t$ out1 t a /rictly pure lead is v (t5 an exp5sive1 if1 inde$1 x be n a wor?less1 lead to buy4 ,*emically pure is n inv>iably an accurate gauge ( quality4 ,a *emically pure lead t has n f95ess to recomm5d x lacks an ess5tially vital quality4 ,9 respect to ! pigm5ts & colors foll[+ 9 ! wake ( :ite lead x has be5 made pla9 on _m a h>d-f\ght field ( exp]im5t t ! color consum]1 ! practical pa9t]1 ! workman f> remov$ f ! analytic g5tleman ( ! laboratories1 is *iefly conc]n$ 9 gett+ a pigm5t or color adapt$ to 8 ne$s m completely ?an any o!r available "o4 ,x may n be *emically pure z ! *emi/s w\ld con/rue ! t]m2 b if x responds satisfactorily to a practical te/1 x is !n s]v+ ! pa9t]'s practical ne$4 ,z decl>$ by ! writ]1 9 an article publi%$ "s "t ago1 a color or pigm5t may be pure 9 ! s5se t x is n adult]at$1 & /ill fall %ort ( be+ *emically pure4 ,x is ! duty ( ! consum] to avoid buy+1 "u ! label '/rictly pure1' an adult]at$ color4 ,! real color conta9$ 9 su* a product is !n co/+ him consid]ably m ?an w\ld a color 9 a /ate ( purity4 ,! *emi/ & ! practical pa9t] d n agree (t5times ^u :at may be call$ adult]ants4 ,once ^u a "t1 z ! fairy books say1 at a pa9t]s' conv5tion ! *emi/ employ$ to make an analysis ( *rome yell[ /at$ 9 sub/ance t practically ev]y?+ outside ( ! *romate ( lead %\ld be class$ z an adult]ant or z a matt] out ( place4 ,! practical pa9t] :o has look$ up ! subject ( *rome yell[ manufacture c\ld tell ! *emi/ 9 ?is case t he has signally fail$ to take into consid]ation ! necess>y con/itu5ts ( ! diff]5t %ades ( *rome yell[4 ,z1 = example1 acetate & nitrate ( lead1 bi*romate ( pota% & bi*romate ( soda1 sulphate ( soda1 etc41 are con/itu5ts ( a pure *romate ( lead4 ,& our fri5d1 ! *emi/1 w\ld tell u t a *romate ( lead compos$ ( "s ( ! above +r$i5ts is n a *emically pure article4 ,:at ! c>riage pa9t]1 ! consum]1 w f9d x ( value to ask himself is ?is3 ,does a giv5 pigm5t or color suit ! requirem5ts ( my bus9ess8 ,if 9 d\bt z to ! utility ( ! giv5 pigm5t or color1 !n an imm$iate practical te/ %\ld be resort$ to4 ,x is n ! purpose ( ! writ] to belittle ! position or ! usefulness ( ! *emi/4 ,! value ( a *emical analysis 9 ! detection ( adult]ation & 9 expla9+ h[ a color is made is *e]fully ackn[l$g$2 b aft] ! *emi/'s d$uction mu/ foll[ ! practical te/4 ,9 conduct+ a practical te/ ! =emo/ aim ( ! pa9t] %\ld be to consid] ! color or pigm5t to be te/$ 9 relation to ! object = :i* x is int5d$4 ,%ade1 brilliancy1 work+ prop]ty1 durability1 etc41 are entitl$ to a c>eful & *ief consid]ation 9 a te/ = quality4 ,& a te/ = quality1 if conduct$ pa9/ak+ly & ?or\ghly1 w disclose ! real value ( ! mat]ial to ! consum]4 ,:5 ext5d]s are add$ to a pigm5t = ! sole purpose ( enri*+ ! manufactur] at ! exp5se ( ! consum]1 ! practice becomes adult]ation1 pure & simple4 ,if1 h[ev]1 su* ext5d]s are us$ to1 & actually d1 increase a pigm5t's usefulness1 =tify+ x 9 a way & to an ext5t t x ne$s to be =tifi$1 ! pa9t] w n attempt to "q its comm]cial value4 ,! /udy ( ! pigm5ts :i* ! vehicle pa9t] calls to 8 uses is a feature ( bus9ess des]v+ ! mo/ rigid att5tion4 ,c>ri$ on wat*fully & ) a vigilant reg>d = details1 x _c well fail to increase pa9t %op pr(its4 ,,liquid ,,mat]ials4 ,9 ! consumption ( liquid mat]ials ! vehicle pa9t] has no use = ext5d]s4 ,un=tunately1 h[ev]1 ! ?rifty & %ifty sons ( adult]ation1 aft] ! mann] ( ,m>co ,bozz>is1 9 ! ,f\r? ,read]1 are /ruggl+1 too? & nail1 to adult]ate l9se$ oil & ! turp5t9e product 9 a way to defy detection4 ,:at ! ca?ode ray is to a c]ta9 bran* ( sci5ce1 pure raw l9se$ oil is to c>riage & wagon pa9t+4 ,back 9 a some:at indef9ite p]iod ( ! pa/1 l9se$ oil pre-empt$ ! *ief claim 9 ! doma9 ( pa9t & v>ni%1 & its "r to a royal (fice 9 t doma9 has nev] yet be5 successfully disput$1 not)/&+ ! fact t a flood ( sub/itutes & c\nt]feits h be5 turn$ loose ^u ! m>ket4 ,9 ! language ( ano!r1 ,raw l9se$ oil is ! k+ ( ! pa9t realm4 ,!re are lots ( usurp]s 9 ! field b !y are %ort liv$4 ,! true homage ( ! bro!rhood ( ! bru% cont9ues to be paid to ! old /&-by4 ,x is ! gold ( ! pa9t %op curr5cy4 ,9 ! basic /age ( c>riage & wagon pa9t+1 pure raw l9se$ oil is conc$$ to be ! life ( ! pigm5t4 ,impure or adult]at$ l9se$ oil--! spuri\s1 fraudul5t article1 if y please--has m to d ) ! premature decay ( pa9t & v>ni% ?an "o at fir/ ?\ght might conc$e4 ,dur+ ! process ( pa9t+ !re are num]\s complications :i*1 by ! h>% reality ( sci5tific analysis1 c\ld be directly trac$ to ! insidi\s effects ( an adult]at$ br& ( oil4 ,inve/igations conduct$ by compet5t exp]ts h %[n t ! self-ass]tiv5ess ( adult]at$ oil is det]m9$1 n s mu* by app>5t unfavorable effects ^u ! "u coats1 b r f its resi/less attack ^u ! lu/re & durability ( ! f9i%+ v>ni%4 ,"s ( ! oils us$ to adult]ate l9se$ oil are pron\nc$ by su* au?orities z ,hur/ & ,t]ry to be good dri]s1 al?\gh1 z 9 ! case ( ros9 oil1 !y may seem+ly dry good ^u ! surface only to s(t5 up lat] on4 ,& provid$ ^! adult]ant oils are n good dri]s1 ! p engag$ 9 float+ !m along ! av5ues ( trade h simply to add a c]ta9 proportion ( dry+ japan to ,o4 ,k4 !m 9 ?is respect4 ,! vehicle pa9t]'s practice ( us+ raw l9se$ oil insures him some:at aga9/ oil adult]ation1 z x is mu* m difficult to adult]ate ! raw l9se$ product ?an ! boil$ & h ! fraud g undetect$4 ,a raw l9se$ oil :5 fre% & new is ( a bright yell[i%-gre5 color1 & z x gr[s old] x becomes pal] 9 color & p]haps a little bright]4 ,:5 spread on a surface 9 a ?9 film & expos$ to a pure dry air x w h>d5 q solidly 9 f =ty-five to fifty h\rs4 ,x ranks z reliable dry+ oil1 promptly solidify+ :5 act$ ^u by p]oxide ( hydrog5 or by subnitrate ( m]cury4 ,a non-dry+ oil refuses to %[ a *ange ( ?is k9d4 ,comb9+ p[]fully ) oxyg51 x (f]s1 :5 dry1 a /rong] res9\s "* ?an any o!r oil4 ,probably ! *ief adult]ants ( l9se$ oil %\ld be li/$ z ros91 m9]al1 & fi% oil2 cottonse$ oil be+ look$ ^u ) less favor ?an =m]ly1 :ile hempse$ oil1 ow+ to its pron\nc$ t5d5cy to *ange color1 is n mu* 9 evid5ce at pres5t4 ,ros9 oil is /rictly an unreliable dri]4 ,x t\gh5s ! work+ prop]ty ( pa9t & is defici5t 9 all ! ess5tials :i* %\ld di/+ui% a good pa9t oil4 ,its l[ fla% po9t1 z indicat$ by ,hur/1--#cjj to #ccj ,f4--toge!r ) its /rong ros9 odor :5 heat$1 w\ld appe> to make x an easily-detect$ adult]ant4 ,deodoriz+ processes h ( late s]v$ to =tify ?is oil1 & fi% oil z well1 aga9/ detection by ! s5se ( smell4 ,fi% oil1 *iefly ! product ( ! m5had5 fi%+ indu/ry fl\ri%+ s vigor\sly along ! ,atlantic coa/1 has naturally an (f5sively fi%y odor1 p>ticul>ly :5 heat$4 ,its ma9 recomm5dations z a l9se$ oil adult]ant are t]sely summ$ up by ,t]ry z foll[s3 ,! rapidity ) :i* x oxidizes1 & its good body1 r5d] x n unsuitable z a vehicle = pa9t4 ,! l[ co/ ( m9]al oils1 includ+ coal oil & petroleum1 has caus$ !m to become highly reg>d$ z l9se$ oil adult]at+ m$iums4 ,m9]al oils m unfavorably affect ! dry+ prop]ty ( pa9t ?an its work+ & spread+ prop]ty4 ,cottonse$ oil belongs to ! non-dry+ class ( oils1 b s9ce rec5t processes h made possible ! elim9ation ( ! pron\nc$ acrid ta/e1 its pres5ce 9 l9se$ oil by ! s5se ( ta/e is n easy to expose4 ,hempse$ oil is a mean ta/+1 mean smell+1 b good dry+ oil1 & only because ( its rapid color *anges1 we>+ f9ally to a dull br[n1 is its employm5t 9 l9se$ oil re/rict$ to n>r[ limits4 ,9 te/+ = l9se$ oil adult]ation1 ammonia is (t5 effectively us$1 equal p>ts ( ! ammonia & oil be+ employ$4 ,cottonse$ oil "u ! ammonia treatm5t %[s an opaque br[n4 ,:5 x is pres5t 9 l9se$ oil ! liquid goes to an opaque yell[4 ,fi% oil "u ! effects ( ammonia goes :ite4 ,ros9 oil w disclose its pres5ce 9 l9se$ oil if conf9$ 9 a bottle1 ) alcohol add$ 9 ! proportion ( five p>ts ( alcohol to "o "p ( oil1 & sm>tly %ak51 ! alcohol aft]w>ds be+ p\r$ (f4 ,a cle> sug>-(-lead solution is add$ to ! oil1 & %\ld ros9 oil be an +r$i5t a cl\dy precipitate w manife/ itself4 ,a practical & simple te/ (t5 us$ 9 ! c>riage pa9t %op consi/s 9 tak+ a c\ple ( te/ tubes & putt+ a quantity ( l9se$ oil ( kn[n purity 9 "o tube & a quantity ( suspect$ oil 9 ! o!r1 !n imm]s+ ! tubes 9 w>m wat] =1 say1 #a_/d ( an h\r1 & imm$iately ^u removal f ! wat] p\r+ ! pure oil into ! tube ( suspect$ oil4 ,if any impurity exi/s1 diff]5t colors w =m 9 lay]s4 ,& x may be "h prop] to say1 9 pass+1 t 9 mak+ te/s & comp>isons ( mat]ials1 an article ( e/abli%$ purity & quality %\ld be us$ z a /&>d4 ,"s "t ago a well-kn[n pa9t firm issu$ a c>d giv+ "s easy & practical te/s = ! detection ( l9se$ oil adult]ants1 & kn[+ _! value to ! vehicle pa9t]1 ! writ] h]e) app5ds ?ree te/s3 ,no #a4--,%ake equal p>ts ( oil & /rong nitric acid 9 a small :ite glass vial or bottle1 & all[ to /& f fifte5 m9utes to two h\rs4 ,,upp] ,,l[] ,,/ratum ,,/ratum ,pure ,muddy ,almo/ ,l9se$ oil olive gre5 colorless ,pres5ce ( ,decid$ deep ,deep r$ or ,fi% oil r$ br[n *]ry color ,no4 #b4--,%ake ) conc5trat$ solution ( pota% or soda1 & !n add w>m wat] & %ake aga94 ,all[ to /& half an h\r1 & if any petroleum 7p>aff9e oil7 is pres5t x w sep>ate f ! soap4 ,no4 #c4--,put samples ( oil 9 tubes & place !m 9 a freez+ mixture 7#b p>ts ice or sn[1 #a "p salt74 ,if ! oils solidify at #j or #aj to #ac ,f41 !n cottonse$ oil is probably pres5t4 7,pure l9se$ oil solidifies at #ag ,f47 ,! hydromet] %\ld be among ! possessions ( e well-regulat$ pa9t %op4 ,x is an inexp5sive little in/rum5t1 & = te/+ turp5t9e x is unsurpass$1 :ile = ! detection ( cottonse$ & m9]al oil 9 l9se$ oil x is a quick & active ag5t4 ,fir/ te/ a br& ( l9se$ oil ( absolute purity2 & su* an oil1 be> 9 m9d1 %\ld n v>y #a_/b degree f #bj to #fj ,fahr4 ,9 ! case ( a #bj addition ( m9]al oil to l9se$ oil 7! same temp]ature be+ ma9ta9$ 9 te/+ bo? ! pure & ! suspect$ samples7 ! specific gravity w be #a-a_/b less ?an ! pure oil4 ,a #be addition ( cottonse$ oil w be #a l[]4 ,fi% oil be+ ( ab\t1 if n q1 ! same specific gravity z pure l9se$ oil1 ! adult]ator c beat ! hydromet]4 ,pure raw l9se$ oil is s ess5tially a "p ( durable c>riage & wagon pa9t+ t especial att5tion %\ld con/antly be direct$ to ! oil supply4 ,9 respect to 8 pur*ases ( turp5t9e ! pa9t] %\ld be likewise cauti\s & inve/igat+4 ,! adult]ation ( turp5t9e ) headlight oil1 or a l[] grade ( k]os5e1 & ) #aab fire te/ oil has be51 & cont9ues to be1 actively c>ri$ on4 ,?is #aab fire te/ oil1 z employ$ 9 small s\!rn di/ill]ies n %ad[$ by inspectors1 %[s a li/ ( +r$i5ts closely correspond+ to1 heavy p>aff9e oil #a_/c2 k]os5e1 #a_/c2 light oil1 #a_/c4 ,?us a gravity is provid$ :i* regi/]s ab\t ! same z pure turp5t9e & is !re=e v difficult to detect4 ,! naval au?orities practice--& x is said1 successfully--! old-"t te/ ( dropp+ ! suspect$ turps on a piece ( :ite pap] alongside ( a pure br& ( turps & wat*+ ! result4 ,! turps conta9+ ! #aab fire te/ oil w leave1 ^u evaporation1 a fa9t b decid$ greasy /a94 ,pure turp5t9e n too rapidly di/ill$ w leave no spot4 ,! turp5t9e conta9+ traces ( ! crude gum due to too rapid di/illation w imp>t a /icky1 yell[i%-:ite /a9 to ! pap] & ?is ! pa9t] %\ld n conf\nd ) ! a=e-m5tion$ greasy /a9 ( ! adult]at$ turps4 ,9 our ,ea/]n1 ,middle1 ,we/]n1 & ,nor?we/]n cities ! practice ( k]os5e oil injection is ! favorite me?od ( *eat+ ! consum]4 ,! s5se ( smell w sometimes detect ! pres5ce ( k]os5e2 ! :ite pap] te/ w sometimes expose x2 & aga9 bo? te/s w fail1 along ) ! o!r usual ones4 ,:ile s ke5 an au?ority z ,mr4 ,geo4 ,b4 ,heckel1 ( ,drugs1 ,oils & ,pa9ts1 has ackn[l$g$ t ! adult]ators c *eat ! hydromet] to a c]ta9 ext5t1 x _c be done ) ! same measure ( pr(it & impunity z =m]ly4 ,mr4 ,heckel has publicly advis$ consum]s to insi/ on #ca turps1 prefac+ ! advice ) ! foll[+ notewor?y decl>ation3 ,if ,i 7 a pa9t] ,i w\ld nev] accept a gallon ( turp5t9e )\t /ick+ a hydromet] into x1 & if x regi/]$ above #ca-a_/b or bel[ #cj-a_/b ,i w\ld n accept x f ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,treasury4 ,:at vehicle pa9t] ve/$ ) ! au?ority ( pur*as+ ! turp5t9e supply = a pa9t+ bus9ess1 be t bus9ess big or little1 c af=d to disreg>d ,mr4 ,heckel's admonition8 ,to pay turp5t9e prices = k]os5e oil is a disa/r\s dra9 ^u ! res\rces ( a pa9t+ bus9ess1 9 addition to furni%+ ! mat]ials us$ an elem5t ( insecurity1 a g]m ( decay1 sure to di/urb ! durability & comel9ess ( a pa9t$ surface4 ,= x is1 or %\ld be1 9 fact1 cle>ly und]/ood t ! k]os5e or fire te/ oil adult]ants d n evaporate l turp5t9e :5 put into a pigm5t & spread ^u a surface4 ,!y /rike into ! wood or pi]ce ! ne!r coat ( pigm5t1 caus+1 lat] on1 ! flak+ & peel+ ( ! pigm5t2 or !y ret>d ! dry+ ( colors2 & aga91 !y l5d a peculi> r\ghness to ! surface1 l unto t imp>t$ by b5z9e :5 us$ 9 a f9e coa* color4 ,! c>riage & wagon pa9t] has sub/antial reasons = be+ int]e/$ 9 coa* japans1 = ^u _! quality & judici\s employm5t ! durability ( 8 "w greatly dep5ds4 ,! _m & beautiful colors :i* he uses almo/ daily are japan gr\nd1 & ! pigm5ts & colors %op-mix$ are inv>iably =tifi$ ) ! ev]-useful coa* japan4 ,! wide v>iety ( names appli$ to ! dry+ mat]ials us$ 9 ! pa9t+ bus9ess has be5 ! s\rce ( annoyance & confusion to ! practical m9d4 ,9 reality1 h[ev]1 !re are b ?ree k9ds--coa* japan1 specially adapt$ = colors to be quickly dri$ & conta9+ no oil2 liquid dri] 7or dry]7 int5d$ = ! dry+ ( oil & oil pa9t2 & pat5t dri]s pur*as$ 9 pa/e =m1 effective only :5 us$ 9 conjunction ) oil4 ,! pat5t dri]s are s little us$ at pres5t t !y sc>cely m]it a notice4 ,coa* japan1 ) ! m]its ( :i* ! c>riage pa9t] has a "r to be conc]n$1 be+ *iefly us$1 z be=e /at$1 9 colors conta9+ no oil require1 = purposes ( protection & z a s]vice-insur+ m$ium1 blanket+ "u "o or m coats ( v>ni%4 ,x is n to be und]/ood t coa* japan w n comb9e ) & dry oil colors2 its p[] 9 ?is capacity1 h[ev]1 is less ?an t ( a liquid dri]1 :ile its gummy nature %[s a t5d5cy to cause surface di/urbances ( ! crack+ & bli/]+ ord]--mo/ emphatically s :5 /rictly exact proportions are n ma9ta9$4 ,its adaptability1 !re=e1 is be/ conf9$ to colors conta9+ no oil4 ,s mu* ( unc]ta9ty1 s mu* t is injuri\s & fatal to ! durability ( colors1 is embrac$ 9 ! employm5t ( japan 9 excessive quantities or ( an inf]ior grade t ! pa9t] %\ld n be sl[ 9 det]m9+1 by practical te/s1 bo? /r5g? & quality4 ,& to make su* te/s easy1 n to m5tion o!r conv9c+ reasons1 ne$ we invoke ! pur*as]'s att5tion to ! importance ( buy+ only /&>d makes8 ,a fir/-class coa* japan1 z a rule1 w %[ a color mod]ately light1 & :5 mix$ ) oil %\ld manife/ no disposition to curdle4 ,su* a japan1 too1 %\ld1 :5 float$ 9 a ?9 film ov] a glass or o!r /rictly non-por\s surface1 dry firm & )\t brittl5ess 9 f\r h\rs4 ,to obs]ve h[ ! japan unites & assimilates ) l9se$ oil1 take a pane ( w9d[ glass1 t furni%+ a surface non-por\s & decid$ly free f suction1 & atta*+ a %eet ( :ite pap] on "o side z a means ( bett] %[+ ! action ( ! oil & japan1 drop on ! rev]se side ( ! glass ab\t f\r drops ( raw l9se$ oil4 ,!n affix1 say1 a s+le drop ( japan 9 close proximity to ! oil1 imm$iately incl9+ ! glass s t ! japan may come 9 contact ) ! oil4 ,if ! dri] promptly unites & takes k9dly to a close relation%ip ) ! oil )\t curdl+ or %[+ o!r evid5ces ( disagreem5t1 x w m]it ! approval ( ! pa9t]4 ,ano!r easily-conduct$ te/ consi/s 9 comp>+ ! japan ( unkn[n quality ) "o ( ackn[l$g$ m]it1 by tak+ ! samples & conf9+ !m 9 bottles conta9+ raw l9se$ oil1 %ak+ ! cont5ts & !n /&+ aside = at lea/ tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,! proportions ( oil & japan may be 9 ! ratio ( #e p>ts ( oil to #a "p ( japan1 exactly ! same proportions be+ adh]$ to 9 all ! samples te/$4 ,at ! expiration ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs "o c see :i* sample mixes be/ ) ! oil4 ,! samples !n p\r$ 9 a ?9 film ov] a piece ( glass & all[$ to /& w det]m9e ! dry+ prop]ty ( ea*4 ,x w also be useful to le>n by obs]vation & comp>isons if ! japan holds well 9 solution4 ,a japan t fails to d ?is is n valuable 9 c>riage & wagon pa9t+4 ,/udy %\ld be made z to h[ & to :at ext5t ! japan effects ! light & delicate colors at pres5t s ext5sively us$4 ,9 po9t ( fact1 ! pa9t] %\ld n we>y 9 inve/igat+ ! qualities & *>act]i/ics ( 8 coa* japans1 & :at !y are capable ( do+4 ,to e/abli% _! real value w m>k an a*ievem5t ( ! fir/ ord] 9 ! economy ( pa9t+4 ,9 reg>d to v>ni%es ! buy] c f9d no excuse = putt+ aside ! fact t quality & n price %\ld det]m9e ! value ( 8 supply2 &1 happily1 he has x )9 8 p[] 9 ! active prosecution ( 8 bus9ess to demon/rate ! good or bad quality ( v>ni%4 ,x may frequ5tly prove an exp5sive exp]im5t2 & h]e9 is disclos$ an app>5tly good & suffici5t reason = ! pa9t]'s dis9cl9ation to *ange f ! use ( "o make ( v>ni% to ano!r4 ,! v>ni%+ /age ( pa9t+ may be said to be 9 a critical p]iod at all times1 & hav+ e/abli%$ ! quality ( 8 v>ni% supply1 ! responsible p>ty 9 ! matt] is naturally oppos$ to *ang+ 9 favor ( a make ) :i* he is n practically acqua9t$4 ,at ! same "t1 a practical te/ ( diff]5t /rictly reliable makes is ! only way ( decid+ to "o's own satisfaction :i* is ! be/1 & ! mo/ economical to buy4 ,any fir/-class f9i%] c v soon det]m9e ! work+ prop]ty1 brilliancy1 dep? ( lu/re1 dry+ quality & g5]al behavior "u v>y+ circum/ances & conditions ( diff]5t v>ni%es4 ,nev]!less1 t prim>y requisite1 durability1 is n s easily nor s promptly e/abli%$4 ,?is ess5tial quality c be det]m9$ only aft] protract$ trials ^u vehicles engag$ 9 active s]vice1 ! pa9t] reta9+ c>efully tabulat$ data be>+ ^u ea* make ( v>ni% "u obs]vation1 ! "* ( ! s]vice to :i* x is expos$1 etc4 ,?us1 9 due season1 may ! actual m]its ( a v>ni% be def9$4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,cutt] ,,& ,,sleigh ,,pa9t+3 ,,decorative ,,aspects ,,( ,,! ,,"w--,,! ,,v>i\s ,,processes ,,( ,,pa9t+ ,,employ$--,,! ,,prevail+ ,,colors--,,/rip+ ,,& ,,scroll+--,,repa9t+1 ,,rev>ni%+1 ,,pr(its ,,to ,,be ,,realiz$1 ,,etc4 ,cutt] & sleigh pa9t+ are ju/ly e/eem$ int]e/+ p>ts ( ! art ( vehicle pa9t+4 ,com+ at a "t :5 ! ord9>y activities ( vehicle pa9t+ are practically at a /&/ill1 ! cutt] & sleigh pa9t+ bus9ess furni%es a m$ium = pr(its gleefully tak5 advantage ( by ! av]age factory & jobb+ %op pa9t]4 ,9 "o way1 x mu/ be confess$1 ?is bran* ( pa9t+ has fall5 (f 9 attractiv5ess4 ,! elaborate decorative effects once s l>gely 9 ! full favor ( fa%ion h be5 disc>d$1 & _m workm5 compet5t to accompli% su* effects h become lo/ 9 o!r pursuits4 ,b 9 ^! days ! pa9t] %\ld be prep>$ = any em]g5cy2 h5ce x is be/ t cutt] & sleigh decorative "w be giv5 /udy1 & skill to execute su* "w be kept 9 h& or acquir$ by practice4 ,n[ & !n comes a call = a cutt] or sleigh ornam5t$ 9 ! old-fa%ion$ way ) elaborate arm pieces1 etc4 ,! jobb+ %op pa9t] especially is v frequ5tly confront$ ) opportunities = ! practice ( decorative pa9t+ 9 a v>iety ( ways1 & to fulfill 8 mission z an important community artisan he %\ld be prep>$ to d ! "w4 ,! v l[ prices paid = cutt] & sleigh pa9t+ at ! pres5t "t h prov$ an effective factor1 no d\bt1 9 consid]ably re/rict+ ! limitations ( decorative pa9t+4 ,at ! same "t1 !re is e reason to believe t ! conspicu\s abs5ce ( f9e decorative effects 9 cutt] & sleigh pa9t+ is also due1 to a l>ge ext5t1 to ! inability ( ! av]age latt]-day workman1 locat$ 9 prov9cial c5tres1 to fitt+ly produce !m4 ,^u ! mod]n ,portl& /yle cutt] elaborate ornam5tation w\ld p]haps be out ( place2 b ^u _m ( ! runn] vehicles ( anci5t & honorable v9tage1 :i* ! beaute\s ,belle ( ,fa%ion has decre$ to be ! prop] ?+1 a g5]\s measure ( decorative "w w\ld be appropriate4 ,swell sleighs ( m rec5t patt]n take k9dly to lavi% ornam5tation built ^u r delicate l9es4 ,^! conditions1 !re=e1 w>rant ! pa9t] :o deeply desires to comm& pr(its & success 9 cutt] & sleigh pa9t+1 9 cultivat+ a ready skill & dext]ity along ! l9es ( ornam5tal "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,surface p]fections h gr[n to be important consid]ations 9 ! economy ( sleigh pa9t+ ( ! be/ grade4 ,:ile none b ! v f9e/ class ( cutt]s & sleighs are giv5 surfaces rivall+ 9 smoo?ness & quality ^? reflect$ by ! be/ class ( c>riages1 /ill1 fir/-class surfac+ rema9s a *ief feature ( sleigh pa9t+1 except+ at all times ! sev5-=-#ajj vehicles4 ,& 9 respect to ?is latt] class ( jobs1 ! results a*iev$ 9 ! way ( surface effects are (t5 surpris+1 due *iefly to ! v heavy coats ( v>ni% appli$4 ,& "h ! read] may deem x p]t95t to ask = a review ( ! sy/ems & me?ods practic$ 9 pa9t+ & f9i%+ cutt]s & sleighs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,9 ! pa9t+ ( runn] vehicles ( ! be/ ord] ! jobs are prim$ ?r\gh\t1 bodies & runn+ p>ts 7& ?is includes inside ( bodies1 "u surface--ev]y?+1 9 fact1 n cov]$ ) iron71 ) oil & lead prim]4 ,p]mitt+ ?is coat to dry ?or\ghly1 a light s&+ )1 say ,no4 #a_/b s&pap]1 is giv51 & !n a coat ( lead conta9+ en\gh raw l9se$ oil to b9d ! pigm5t securely )\t giv+ x a gloss is put on4 ,use an oval or r\nd bri/le bru% to apply ! lead to ! body1 & = ! runn+ p>ts use a camel's-hair bru%1 ?is latt] tool be+ be/ adapt$ to lay a uni=m dep? ( pigm5t ov] ! %>p edges & small surfaces ( ! runn+ p>ts4 ,^u ?is coat putty bo? body & runn+ p>ts draw-putty+ all op5-gra9$ portions ( ! surface4 ,=ty-eight h\rs aft] putty+ beg9 r\gh-/uff+ ! body1 us+ = ! '/uff equal p>ts ( any good ,am]ican fill] & keg lead1 by weight1 r$uc+ to a ?ick pa/e 9 equal p>ts ( quick rubb+ v>ni% & japan1 !n cutt+ to a bru%+ consi/5cy ) turp5t9e4 ,?is is a two-coat-p]-day '/uff4 ,apply f\r coats ( ! '/uff1 !n a guide coat ( yell[ o*re & set aside = a few days4 ,aft] rubb+ ! surface out 7full in/ructions = rubb+ r\gh/uff may be f\nd 9 ,*apt] ,,iii4 ( ?is s]ies7 give x pl5ty ( "t--twelve or f\rte5 h\rs at lea/--to dry out4 ,!n lightly s&pap] ) ,no4 #j pap]1 du/ (f1 & give fir/ coat ( color4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,! prop] color f\ndation be+ secur$1 apply two coats ( rubb+ v>ni%1 ei!r bo? cle> or "o cle> & "o color-&-v>ni%1 ! "* ( ! color f\ndation det]m9+ ! selection1 & !n foll[ ) a heavily fl[$ on coat ( f9i%+ v>ni%4 ,9 case color-&-v>ni% be us$1 ! /rip+ & ornam5tal "w _h be/ be done on ?is coat1 z ^u "w ( ?is quality ! ornam5tation w require ! protection ( a rubb+1 z well z a f9i%+1 coat ( v>ni%4 ,! runn+ p>ts require s&pap]+1 !n "o coat ( color-&-v>ni%1 !n /rip+ & f9i%+4 ,?is sy/em1 int5d$ exclusively = high class "w1 requires a v ?or\gh c>ry+ out1 ) no neglect$ details f prim+ coat to f9i%+1 if a satisfactory degree ( excell5ce1 bo? 9 f9i% & durability1 w\ld be ma9ta9$4 ,ano!r sy/em1 9 :i* r\gh/uff does n figure1 consi/s ( giv+ body & ge>1 :5 receiv$ f ! wood %op1 a coat ( lead1 o*re1 & oil prim+4 ,:5 ! irons are atta*$1 ! job is s&pap]$ & a coat ( lead conta9+ a durable b9d] ( oil is giv54 ,! wood & iron are alike coat$ ) ?is mixture4 ,! panels ( ! body are next1 9 due season1 pla/]$ ) putty 7see ,knif+ ,head ,=mula ,no4 #a1 9 ,*apt] ,,iii471 ! pigm5t be+ firmly =c$ into ! gra9 ( ! wood4 ,aim to get a v smoo? application ( ! pigm5t 9 addition to a complete fullness ( ! wood pores1 to ! end t ! surface cells may be seal$ aga9/ gra9+ out & t ! labor ( s&pap]+ may be r$uc$ to ! m9imum4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,! fir/ coat ( color is furni%$ ) a b9d] ( oil & %\ld n be recoat$ until ! day foll[+4 ,add v>ni% z a b9d] = ! second coat ( color4 ,a s+le coat ( rubb+1 & "o ( "s h>d dry+ f9i%+ v>ni% (t5 suffices to complete ! f9i%4 ,if a bett] job is desir$ an extra coat ( rubb+ is giv54 ,! /rip+1 corn] pieces1 etc41 are done on ! flat color4 ,! runn+ p>ts are putti$ on ! prim+ coat1 expos$ p>ts ( op5 gra9$ surface draw-putti$1 s&pap]$1 giv5 "o coat ( color1 coat ( color-&-v>ni%1 /rip$1 & f9i%$ ) a heavy bodi$1 h>d dry+ f9i%+ v>ni%4 ,aga91 = m$ium pric$ sleigh "w a factory sy/em consi/s ( apply+ "s reliable liquid wood fill] to ! job ?r\gh\t1 !n a little lat] wip+ ! surface ov] ) s(t1 clean rags4 ,! "w is all[$ tw5ty-f\r h\rs 9 :i* to dry out1 :5 ! body is giv5 a coat ( r\gh/uff mix$ 9 ! proportion ( #c lbs4 ( fill] to #a lb4 ( keg lead1 equal p>ts ( japan & rubb+ v>ni% be+ us$ to r$uce x to a heavy pa/e1 & turp5t9e employ$ to cut x to ! prop] work+ consi/5cy4 ,putty on ?is coat ( '/uff4 ,!n apply1 at ! rate ( two coats p] day1 a r\gh/uff made accord+ to ! fir/ =mula giv5 h]e)4 ,?ree coats ( ?is /uff %\ld suffice4 ,rub out ) rubb+ bricks1 color & f9i% out z previ\sly advis$4 ,! runn+ p>ts are putti$ ^u ! fill] coat1 draw putti$ :]ev] ne$$1 !n color$1 giv5 color-&-v>ni%1 /rip$ & f9i%$4 ,9 "s %ops ! r\gh/uff is disc>d$ altoge!r1 ! wood fill] be+ fill$ ov] ) a c\ple ( lead coats1 ! fir/ coat conta9+ an oil b9d] & ! second "o conta9+ no oil at all4 ,?is lead f\ndation is surfac$ d[n ) s&pap]1 du/$ (f1 & a wa% ( quick h>d dry+ rubb+ v>ni%1 ?9n$ d[n ab\t "o-half ) turp5t9e1 giv54 ,! surface is !n f9i%$ out 9 ! usual way4 ,! runn+ p>ts are treat$ z describ$ 9 ! liquid wood fill] process previ\sly giv54 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4 ,! anti-kalsom9e sy/em conc]n+ :i* consid]able discussion 0 _h some:at rec5tly am\nts to ?is3 ,! jobs are prim$ ?r\gh\t ) oil1 yell[ o*re1 & p]haps a little lead4 ,! bodies are !n tak5 9 h& & all necess>y putty+ done4 ,! anti-kalsom9e1 ! fix] or b9d] ( :i* is cem5t1 is next mix$ to a work+ consi/5cy ) hot wat] & appli$ hot4 ,x is be/ to all[ ! fir/ coat ( kalsom9e to /& ov] night be=e be+ recoat$1 al?\gh 9 ! factory sy/em ?ree or f\r coats ( ! cem5t1 always appli$ hot1 are put on p] day4 ,!n a liquid mixture ( oil1 japan1 & turp5t9e1 9 ! proportion ( two p>ts ( oil to ?ree p>ts ( japan1 & "o "p ( turp5t9e1 is fl[$ ov] ! kalsom9e f\ndation4 ,?is liquid wa% s]ves to weld or amalgamate ! cem5t ) ! prim+ coat4 ,! s&pap]+ ( ^! anti-kalsom9e f\ndations is "o ( ! pr9cipal draw-backs to ! use ( ! cem5t4 ,x sets 9 motion flotillas ( du/1 /ifl+ & suffocat+ to an extreme4 ,x has be5 not$1 h[ev]1 t ?is anti-kalsom9e treatm5t has furni%$ "s f9e we>+ & v durable surfaces4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4 ,! c>riage pa9t] 9 practic+ 8 trade z x applies exclusively to c>riages is conf9$ to a comp>atively few colors1 b 9 devot+ 8 skill to cutt] & sleigh "w an ext5d$ v>iety ( colors may be us$4 ,arti/ic in/9cts are 9 good dem& 9 ! cutt] & sleigh pa9t+ bus9ess4 ,possibilities = ! h>moni\s comb9ation ( colors exi/ "h to an ext5t n kn[n ( 9 ! o!r bran*es ( pa9t+4 ,colors sombre & gay2 emblematic ( ?is1 t1 or ! o!r ?+2 old-fa%ion$ z ! days ( wit* burn+ or z mod]n & up-to-date z ! '#ig color gr9d] c make !m1 are all alike acceptable 9 ! sight ( ! p :o love a sleigh ride4 ,"s pa9t]s h a great lik+ = si5nas & umb]s z body colors = sleigh "w4 ,ton$ d[n "s !y d gleam v %[ily "u v>ni%4 ,su* colors /rip$ ) alum9um or gold & edg$ ) a f9e l9e ( r$ give a /rik+ly h&some effect1 especially if ! runn+ p>ts are pa9t$ 9 "s "o ( ! beautiful light r$s at pres5t available2 or a light] %ade ( ! body color c be advantage\sly employ$ ^u ! runn+ p>ts4 ,p]haps ! light] /yles ( cutt]s1 spe$+ cutt]s1 = example1 take m k9dly to ! light & %[y r$s z runn+-p>ts colors ?an d ! vehicles ( heavi] build1 b all /yles1 nev]!less1 p]mit ( brilliant color effects 9 ! treatm5t ( runn+ p>ts4 ,= a light track or spe$+ cutt]1 color ! side & back panels m$ium ultram>9e blue2 ! da%1 c>m9e2 runn+ p>ts1 a v light c>m9e4 ,/ripe ! panels1 #a_/d in* l9e ( gold ) a f9e l9e ( c>m9e4 ,! da% & runn+ p>ts may be display$ ) /rip+ ( black & gold4 ,portl& cutt]s = ord9>y s]vice %[ h&somely ) ! body panels done 9 ultram>9e blue1 mold+s black$1 ) ! runn+ p>ts done 9 ! lighte/ %ades ( ! ultram>9e blue1 ! job !n /rip$ ?r\gh\t ) a primrose yell[ /ripe4 ,or aga91 ^! cutt]s are pa9t$ deep c>m9e ?r\gh\t ! body1 ) light c>m9e runn+ p>ts4 ,! /rip+ on body consi/s ( #a_/h in* l9e ( black1 & #c_/h in* inside ( t is fla%$ a f9e gold l9e4 ,a ,portl& amb] color = ! body1 ) a light] %ade ( ! same color = ! runn+-p>ts1 looks fet*+1 notably s :5 ! body panels are /rip$ ) d\ble l9es ( c>m9e1 ! ornam5tal corn] pieces be+ done 9 c>m9e ( a light] %ade4 ,! runn+ p>ts may get a s+le #a_/h in* l9e ( c>m9e4 ,!n "o c see 9 ! cutt] & sleigh c5tres ,portl&s done 9 a%5-grey1 can>y & lemon yell[1 etc4 ,"o ( ! l>ge/ cutt] & sleigh factories 9 ?is c\ntry has ?is ye> ab&on$ ! d\ble f9e l9e /yle ( /rip+ s greatly 9 evid5ce = sev]al ye>s pa/1 us+ in/ead1 z a rule1 a #a_/h-;in* c>m9e /ripe--obta9$ by glaz+ c>m9e ov] a yell[ base--) a di/ance f9e l9e ( gold runn+ inside ( x4 ,at ?is e/abli%m5t "o c see a jaunty ,portl& pa9t$ pure :ite1 ) ! body /rip$ a #a_/h-;in* blue l9e ) a di/ance f9e l9e ( r$4 ,"h also are to be se5 beautiful amb] br[ns1 *>m+ gre5s1 elegant yell[s ( ! primrose1 orange1 can>y ord] & ext5d+ d[n to ! delicate cream colors4 ,b1 on ! :ole1 ^? cutt] & sleigh build]s & pa9t]s :o cat] to ! wor%ip]s at ,fa%ion's %r9e %[ a det]m9ation to adh]e to ! d>k ri* colors1 su* z br[ns1 gre5s1 & blacks1 = panel "w4 ,cutt]s ) runn+ p>ts pa9t$ 9 colors diff]5t f ^? us$ ^u ! bodies are n s mu* 9 evid5ce z =m]ly4 ,:]e ! d>k colors promise to rema9 9 high favor ) a l>ge class ( ! v exclusive folk = "s ye>s to come1 no /rict adh]5ce to su* colors may be expect$ on ! "p ( ! g5]al cutt]-&-sleigh-us+ public4 ,,/rip+1 ,,corn] ,,pieces1 ,,scrolls1 ,,etc4 ,9 ! /rip+ ( cutt]s & sleighs ! real basis ( success is a judici\s selection ( colors4 ,x has be5 a common say+ 9 factory circles t any?+ 9 ! way ( colors1 hit or miss1 goes 9 sleigh pa9t+ :5 ! ornam5t+ is rea*$4 ,b ?is %\ld n be s2 9 po9t ( fact1 x is n s 9 ^? e/abli%m5ts do+ a good class ( "w4 ,a riot\s jumble ( colors ?r[n into a f9e l9e corn] piece or scroll is an abom9able exhibition ( bad ta/e4 ,!re is no?+1 we d>e say1 t s completely /amps ! *eap cutt] or sleigh ) a gl>+ badge ( *eapness z ! ornam5t con/ruct$ f an inh>moni\s selection ( colors & dott$ to beat a ,baxt] ,/4 ve/ l9+4 ,! dott] has no bus9ess /rip+ or ornam5t+ ! mod]n cutt] or sleigh4 ,! ornam5tal features ( sleigh "w ne$ to be ( a v high ord] ( excell5ce4 ,o!rwise x fails to correspond to ! quality ( f9i% :i* n[ obta9s 9 all fir/-class e/abli%m5ts :]e sleigh "w is c>ri$ on4 ,9 ?is connection ! read]'s att5tion is direct$ to examples ( f9e l9e ornam5ts adapt$ to ,portl& cutt]s & sleighs2 also to examples ( ! bold1 h&some relief scrolls once s ext5sively us$1 & :i* %[ s beautifully ^u cutt]s & sleighs ( ! swell body patt]n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4 ,ornam5ts ,nos4 #a1 #b1 & #c are quick p5cil sket*es = panel corn]s4 ,! writ] contribut$ ^! pieces to ,! ,hub "s "t ago & _! reproduction mu/ be cr$it$ to ! c\rtesy ( t j\rnal4 ,no4 #d is us$ ^u ! da%es ( ,portl& cutt]s1 spe$+ sleighs1 etc4 ,two di/9ct corn] pieces are %[n 9 ?is design1 ?us illu/rat+ ! possibilities ( v>iation 9 respect to ! corn] designs employ$4 ,no4 #e is a corn] piece design$ = ,old ,com=t & ,empress cutt]s4 ,?is piece may be done 9 ?ree or f\r %ades ( r$1 or x may be plac$ 9 gold & high light$ 9 relief /yle4 ,9 ,no4 #f is to be se5 a v attractive design = ! da% or re> panel ( a l>ge f\r or six pass5g] sleigh4 ,no4 #g is expressly int5d$ = swell body cutt]s & repres5ts an ornam5t famili> to _m old-"t pa9t]s4 ,x is a decid$ly effective scroll & w af=d ! /ud5t 9 scroll "w a good work+ plan = fur!r ef=t4 ,nos4 #h & #i expla9 ! /yle ( ! good-old fa%ion$ scrolls :i*1 :5 ably execut$1 may be decl>$ ! poetry ( ornam5t4 ,vehicle pa9t+ lo/ "o ( its *ief *>ms :5 ! relief scroll 0 ab&on$1 & we say spe$ ! day :5 x is welcom$ back to its old "t uses & pre/ige4 ,!n =tunate inde$ w be ! pa9t] :o is able to d relief scroll+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4 ,transf] ornam5ts ( ! small patt]ns are /ill us$ & !y really furni% happy little surface beautifi]s at small co/4 ,"o c quickly ma/] ! "w ( successfully apply+ transf]s or ,decalcomanie1 z our fri5ds ( ! g5teel spee* may say4 ,cut ! transf] d[n close to its true outl9es1 & !n to ! back ( ! ornam5t apply a size ( f9i%+ v>ni% & japan gold size4 ,:5 ?is has rea*$ ! "r tack1 x is plac$ 9 position on ! surface4 ,x is !n giv5 a few m9utes to fa/5 itself securely ^u ! surface1 aft] :i* x is wa%$ ov] ) clean wat] until ! cov]+ ov] ! face ( ! transf] is suffici5tly moi/5$ to free itself1 :5 lo6 ! ornam5t 9 all its fre%ness & color+ ( raim5t is reveal$4 ,! wa%+ ( ! transf] is some?+ ( a delicate op]ation z x is a p]fectly easy matt] to disfigure ! ornam5t or flood x out ( position by c>eless practices4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4 ,,repa9t+ ,,cutt]s ,,& ,,sleighs1 ,,rev>ni%+1 ,,etc4 ,cutt]s & sleighs = repa9t+1 rev>ni%+ & bright5+ up g5]ally %\ld be got into ! pa9t %op z soon z possible aft] ! c>riage "w decl9es 9 ! late fall4 ,?is enables ! pa9t] to avoid ! ru% :i* is sure to be ^u him ) ! fir/ run ( sleigh+4 ,x also enables him to d m satisfactory "w 9 sev]al ways4 ,! "w tak5 9 e>ly has a measure ( "t giv5 x :ile be+ c>ri$ ?r\gh ! sev]al processes n accord$ t receiv$ late 9 ! season4 ,v>ni% coats giv5 prop] "t to dry n only surface up bett] b we> & reta9 _! brilliancy long]1 & d n fire crack :5 run out 9 ! cold4 ,^u ! av]age class ( cutt]s & sleighs a less exp5sive v>ni%1 z comp>$ to t us$ ^u fir/-class c>riages1 w s]ve all necess>y purposes4 ,exp5sive f9i%+ v>ni%es are n ne$$4 ,cutt]s & sleighs are n expos$ to ! sev]e & de/ructive =ms ( s]vice t :eel$ vehicles are1 consequ5tly !y d n require highly ela/ic f9i%+ v>ni%es to furni% ! ne$$ durability4 ,!y are 9 s]vice = only a comp>atively small "p ( ! ye>1 & mud spott+ & tr\bles ( t ord] d n intrude !mselves4 ,save 9 ! case ( ! highe/-class sleigh "w1 a fir/-class ge> f9i%+ v>ni% w furni% satisfactory results = f9i%+ cutt] & sleigh bodies4 ,a heavy ge> v>ni% w answ] p]fectly = ! runn+ p>ts4 ,b 9 ?is selection ( v>ni%es *oice %\ld always fall ^u ^? ( fir/-class quality4 ,:atev] ! grade1 get ! be/ 9 quality ( t grade4 ,fir/-class pa9t & v>ni% /ock is m h&ily work$ & w cov] m surface ?an inf]ior /ock1 & judg$ f any po9t ( view "o may elect x is ! mo/ economical mat]ial to buy4 ,:5 a cutt] or sleigh comes 9 = a ?or\gh repa9t+1 exam9e ! vehicle closely & if ! body c be remov$ )\t too l>ge an exp5diture ( labor1 removal %\ld be insi/$ ^u4 ,!re is usually consid]able dirt "u ! edges ( a cutt] body t _c be clean$ out except ! body be tak5 (f4 ,& a little ( ?is dirt caught up 9 ! pa9t or v>ni% bru% worke? evil to ! :ole job4 ,moreov]1 ! bru%es br\ght 9 contact ) su* accumulations ( dirt are unfitt$ to produce pleas+ results 9 ! imm$iate future4 ,! t\*-up-&-v>ni% sleigh job is1 9 ! ma91 a tr\blesome affair1 especially ! runn+ p>ts4 ,! m]ry & pretty colors :i* *iefly obta9 on sleigh runn+ p>ts pa9t$ 9 =m] ye>s are n s easily mat*$ z ! colors us$ ^u ! bodies4 ,9 po9t ( fact1 x doesn't pay to devote mu* "t 9 try+ = a mat*4 ,in/ead1 mix a color to ab\t ! %ade ( ! old color & g ov] ! runn+ p>ts entire4 ,!n re/ripe & f9i%1 & 9 ! great majority ( cases money w be sav$ !reby4 ,9 rubb+ cutt] or sleigh "w furni%$ ) heavy mold+s out ( v>ni%1 use1 = surfac+ su* mold+s1 any v>ni% bru% ( a small patt]n worn to a /ub4 ,cutt+ ?r\gh on ! edges ( ! mold+s is nicely avoid$ 9 ?is way4 ,= ! l>ge panels on sleigh "w a #c-;in* f9i%+ bru% w s]ve z ! be/ tool4 ,x c>ries a great] quantity ( v>ni% & enables ! f9i%] to coat ! surface quick] ?an he c\ld d ) ! small] bru%4 ,9 f9i%+ ! quick & adroit plac+ ( ! v>ni% is an item ( *ief importance4 ,dur+ ! sleigh season !re usually drifts into ! jobb+ pa9t %op a lot ( n v p>ticul> "w4 ,z = example1 heavy "w1 sleighs1 bobs1 etc4 ,^u su* "w !re may be us$ ! accumulat$ odds & ends ( colors ( v>i\s %ades1 hues1 & t9ts1 left ov] f do+ sleigh "w ( a bett] class & f c>riage "w4 ,"s v neat comb9ations may be effect$ by ! judici\s employm5t ( ^! left-ov] bits ( color1 & x helps to slick up & put into pr(itable use c]ta9 mat]ials :i* o!rwise might ev5tually f9d _! way into t quagmire ( ! pa9t %op--! slu% keg4 ,briefly /at$1 cutt] & sleigh pa9t+ op5s ! way = ! employm5t ( consid]able mat]ial :i* _c be t]m$ /rictly available 9 ! o!r bran*es ( pa9t+2 x comes at a "t :5 ! pa9t] is bett] able to appreciate a lean loaf ?an a fat icicle2 & if conduct$ accord+ to bus9ess-l & workman-l practices x w supply a h&some s\rce ( pr(its4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,leaves ,,f ,,! ,,pa9t ,,%op ,,di>y--,,p]t95t ,,po9ts ,,on ,,practical ,,matt]s--,,bl5d+ ,,( ,,colors--,,spontane\s ,,combu/ion--,,pa9t+ ,,9 ,,silv] ,,bronze--,,! ,,fr5* ,,pa9t]s' ,,v>ni% ,,room--,,rem$y ,,= ,,ru/$ ,,c>riage ,,spr+s--,,pa9t+ ,,metallic ,,surfaces--,,?9n+ ,,v>ni%--,,etc4 ,at be/ ! c>riage pa9t]'s exi/5ce is some:at haz>d\s1 8 e-day sc5e ( toil be+ well lad5 ) poison\s fumes & fetid exhalations4 ,9 ! pa9t+ ( a he>se1 ambulance1 or dead wagon ! precaution ( dis9fect+ ! vehicle mo/ ?or\ghly %\ld be tak54 ,c>bolic acid1 c>bonate ( lime1 or1 if "o pref]s1 num]\s ready prep>$ dis9fectants ( p5etrat+ composition may be us$ g5]\sly4 ,prud5ce dictates ! policy ( refus+ to take any *ances :5 work+ 9 & ab\t a vehicle possibly afflict$ ) ! g]ms ( "s deadly contagi\s disease4 ,x is n always an easy matt] to clean ! glasses 9 heavy coa* "w unless special me?ods are practic$4 ,"h is a quick way ( clean+ besme>$ glasses ( ! k9d nam$4 ,saturate a s(t sponge ) wood alcohol & wipe ov] bo? sides ( ! glass4 ,if p]*ance v>ni% or pa9t accumulations are 9 evid5ce ! alcohol s(t5s !m & a quick run>\nd ) a ke5-edg$ putty knife removes !m4 ,if a c>eless or incompet5t workman has badly b$aub$ a glass1 coat ! daubs ) oxalic acid4 ,! action ( ?is p[]ful liquid w v briefly s(t5 up ! accumulations s t ! putty knife w nicely slick !m (f4 ,!n give a rub ov] ) an alcohol-*>g$ sponge1 ?is to be imm$iately foll[$ by a sm>t poli% ) ! *amois sk94 ,if a /ill bett] poli% is desir$1 take a newspap]1 roll x into a %ape t w p]mit rubb+ ! glass )\t br++ ! f+]s 9 contact ) ! surface1 & !n dipp+ ! pap] into dry lampblack proce$ to burni% bo? sides ( ! glass4 ,! bl5d+ ( colors has lately become an important feature ( ! c>riage pa9t]'s art4 ,?is 0 at "o "t consid]$ purely a matt] ( bus9ess belong+ to ! arti/1 b x is n n[ s reg>d$4 ,arti/ic1 & !re=e h>moni\s1 color bl5d+ consi/s 9 pres]v+ ! individuality ( ea* color employ$1 :ile at ! same "t !re is an almo/ unconsci\s m]g+ ( "o color into ano!r4 ,no di/9ctive l9es are all[$ to di/urb ! h>mony ( ! "w4 ,! c>riage color bl5d]1 l 8 bro!r arti/ ( ! palette & ?ree-/ory /udio1 aims to obta9 a ?or\gh incorporation ( all ! diff]5t %ades ( color employ$ ^u a c]ta9 piece ( "w s t ! bl5d+ f light lo d>k may be made )\t resort+ to any gl>+ contra/s4 ,! bl5d+ is accompli%$ :ile ! colors are wet1 ! gr\nd be+ laid fir/ 9 ! light] colors1 !n work+ 9 ! d>k] %ades until ! d>ke/ desir$ %ade is rea*$4 ,great c>e is necess>ily exp5d$ ^u ! tools1 etc4 ,a color-clogg$ bru% ne$ n be expect$ to d good bl5d+ s]vice4 ,no arbitr>y rules c be giv5 )9 :i* to conf9e ! "w ( bl5d+--x is too closely alli$ to art = t4 ,supremely necess>y aids to success 9 ?is field ( "w consi/ ( pl5ty ( practice tak5 9 connection ) intellig5t /udy ( outl9e1 h>mony1 & contra/s4 ,if x is desirable to v>ni% a job ( gild+ ! same day ! leaf is laid1 & x is fe>$ t ! leaf w bru% m>k1 x is a good plan to give ! gold a light coat ( ?9 %ellac1 go+ ov] ! "w v quickly4 ,! %ellac w protect ! leaf )\t 9 any way h>m+ x4 ,"o he>s a good deal conc]n+ spontane\s combu/ion4 ,! craft w\ld be less famili> ) ! t]m if ! foll[+ rule1 rigidly en=c$ 9 "s %ops1 7 liv$ up to 9 lett] & _s3 ,greasy rags mu/ be burn$ up imm$iately1 & n1 "u any consid]ation1 all[$ to rema9 9 ! %op "o mom5t aft] _! use is f9i%$4 ,any violation ( ?is ord] w result 9 imm$iate dismissal4 ,! foll[+ me?od ( fill+ 9 a badly crack$ c>riage surface has successfully be5 practic$ by a fri5d ( ! writ]'s4 ,! surface is fir/ clean$ & giv5 a light s&pap]+ to /rike (f dirt1 motes1 etc4 ,!n du/ (f & apply a coat ( gold-size japan1 a free1 g5]\s coat ( ! japan be+ us$4 ,once dry1 ! coat is gone ov] ) a roll ( rubb+ felt to kill ! gloss4 ,! gold-size japan rea*es into ! m9ute orifices m effectively ?an v>ni%1 fill+ & seal+ ! fissures1 & 9 addition x furni%es an easily & quickly prep>$ surface = ! color & ! v>ni% coats to foll[4 ,y wi% to repair a split panel4 ,at ea* extremity ( ! split bore a #a_/d in* hole4 ,put "o hole j at ! crack1 ! second "o fairly cle> ( x4 ,next plug ! holes up1 & !n dress (f ev5 ) ! surface ( ! panel4 ,n[ cut a %all[ bevel along ea* side ( ! crack2 ?is to enable ! putty to resi/ ! crack+ t5d5cy ( ! crevice4 ,!n give ! dress$ (f p>ts a coat ( lead conta9+ a good b9d] ( oil4 ,:5 ?is has dri$ putty ! holl[ level & fill ) a putty made ( #c_/d dry :ite lead & #a_/d keg lead1 ! liquids be+ rubb+ v>ni% & japan1 equal p>ts4 ,s&pap] ?is repair 9 due "t1 & !n give ! f9al putty+1 :i* %\ld be done to ! full measure ( ! be/ possible skill4 ,an effective little adv]tis+ c>d 0 once circulat$ by a ke5-m9d$ ,cali=nia c>riage pa9t]1 & on ! back ( ! c>d 7 app5d$ ! foll[+ wise admonitions to ! c>riage us]4 ,! sugge/ions are q z p]t95t n[ z !y 7 at ! "t !y 7 fir/ giv5 publicity4 ,to insure durability ( ! pa9t+ y mu/ c>e = ! "w z foll[s1 viz3 ,don't expose to ! fumes ( ammonia4 ,don't let mud dry on x4 ,don't scrat* ! v>ni% 9 wa%+4 ,don't expose to ! sun or ra9 :5 n 9 use4 ,don't let ! axle-grease collect on ! hubs4 ,don't blame me if y are c>eless1 z ,i h giv5 y w>n+4 ,a man is well dress$ only :5 e "p ( 8 app>el meets ! approval ( ! critic4 ,?is same e/imate also applies to c>riage pa9t+--t is to g5teel c>riage pa9t+4 ,h5ce :y s5d ! top jo9ts on a c>riage top out r\ghly & incompletely f9i%$8 ,! critical eye re/s v quickly ^u su* conspicu\s p>ts ( a vehicle1 & if !y are n fitt+ly f9i%$ ! seal ( condemnation is set ^u ! "w z a :ole4 ,"h is a f9i% = top jo9ts t w dis>m ! fault f9d]3 ,fir/ coat up ) /\t coat ( lead conta9+ suffici5t oil to b9d ! lead securely4 ,!n mix two p>ts dry :ite lead1 "o "p r\gh/uff fill]1 to a r /iff pa/e 9 equal p>ts ( japan & rubb+ v>ni%4 ,rub ?is mixture onto ! jo9ts ) a piece ( heavy h>ness lea!r4 ,:5 dry1 give ! pigm5t a ?or\gh smoo?+ up ) s&pap]1 color1 color-&-v>ni%1 rub ) wat] & pumice /one1 & !n f9i% ) a h>d dry+ f9i%+ v>ni%4 ,to pa9t a c>riage ge> 9 silv] bronze1 :i* "o is n[ & !n ask$ to d1 br+ ! "w up to ! po9t ( ! f\ndation color = ! bronze v c>efully1 us+ no lampblack 9 ! prim+ & fir/ lead coats to ?r[ !m to a slate color4 ,! f\ndation coat %\ld be pure :ite1 mix$ to dry )\t gloss & appli$ ) a camel's-hair bru%4 ,ov] ?is coat fl[ on a coat ( rubb+ v>ni%1 & :5 ! "r tack is rea*$ apply ! bronze ) a s(t1 clean camel's-hair bru%4 ,! wip+ (f & ! delicate burni% may be giv5 ) a s(t piece ( *amois sk94 ,/ripe ) "s color t h>monizes nicely ) ! bronze1 & use no v>ni% ov] x4 ,v>ni% de/roys ! ri*ness ( ! bronze4 ,:y use a broad p5cil 9 glaz+ d\ble l9e /ripes8 ,! exi/+ space betwe5 ! /ripes1 :5 ! glaz+ is done ) a broad p5cil1 reflects a cl\d$1 muddy appe>ance4 ,bett] glaze ea* l9e sep>ately1 us+ a sword p5cil = glaz+ )1 & ?us obta9 ! be/ color effects along ) a f9e1 dressy outl9e ( /rip+4 ,if a c>riage top f :i* ! enamel has ne>ly or q vani%$ is desir$ to be made bright aga9 ! foll[+ recipe1 publi%$ by ! writ] 9 ,pa9t+ & ,decorat+ "s "t s9ce1 w give satisfaction3 ,mix #b p>ts ( liquid glue ) #c p>ts ( dissolv$ ca/ile soap1 add+ #abj p>ts ( s(t wat]1 to m ?or\ghly liquify ! glue & soap4 ,!n add #d p>ts ( _s v>ni%1 aft] :i* /ir 9 #b p>ts ( :eat />*1 previ\sly mix$ 9 wat]4 ,foll[ ) j en\gh lampblack to give ! mixture a solidly black t+e4 ,a trifle too mu* ( ! lampblack w kill ! gloss4 ,! dress+ is n[ ready = use4 ,x %\ld be kept 9 an air-tight vessel to prev5t ?ick5+4 ,a gre5 /ripe is /rik+ly enri*$ by glaz+ ) v]digris1 b ?is glaze %\ld be v>ni%$ ov] z soon z dry1 or1 at any rate1 be=e moi/ure settles ^u ! "w2 o!rwise ! v]digris w lose its quality4 ,x's a v simple op]ation to sweep a v>ni% or pa9t-room floor1 b "s ways are bett] ?an o!rs1 nev]!less4 ,try ?is way = a *ange & !reby e/abli% its utility3 ,take a pail ( sawdu/1 damp5 x ?or\ghly1 & !n ?r[ a w9dr[ ( ! woody bits across "o side ( ! room4 ,sweep across to ! o!r side ( ! ap>tm5t1 & !n obs]ve h[ spick & clean ! floor w be1 ) no moi/ure rema9+ to annoy ! pa9t] or v>ni%]4 ,! bl[-pipe %\ld be m 9 evid5ce 9 ! c>riage pa9t %op4 ,! t9smi? w *>ge b a small fee = mak+ ! pipe1 :i* may be #a-a_/b ft4 long & tap]+ f #a_/b in* at "o end to #a_/d in* at ! o!r4 ,du/ & dirt t _c be remov$ ) a du/] is simply giv5 a cyclone brea? ?r\gh ! tube1 &1 pre/o6 ! p>ts are clean4 ,) ! bl[-pipe wat] c be driv5 out ( evasive corn]s :5 clean+ up a job prep>atory to v>ni%+4 ,despite ! be/ laid plans ( ! pa9t] c>riage l9+s occasionally get "s gl>+ sme>s ( pigm5t4 ,if ! l9+s s defac$ be ( light color1 damp5 ) naph?a or gasol9e1 & !n ) a clean wool5 clo? rub ! goods briskly4 ,?is same treatm5t may be giv5 to d>k color$ clo? ^u :i* ! pa9t spots h dri$4 ,if ! spots are obs]v$ :ile ! pa9t is /ill wet1 rub !m sm>tly ) pieces ( ! same k9d ( clo? ( :i* ! l9+ is compos$4 ,! clo? to clo? treatm5t is a mo/ effective & easy treatm5t4 ,! bus9ess wagon pa9t] has _m mold+s & batt5s to black1 & he greatly ne$s a good1 pleasant h&l+ p5cil ) :i* to d ! "w4 ,a pretty work+ p5cil = do+ ! p>ts "h nam$ is made 9 ?is wise3 ,take "s hair f a camel's-hair p5cil & mix ) x #a_/c black sable hair4 ,prep>e a h&le z ?\gh y 7 to make a sword p5cil1 splitt+ x at ! base1 etc4 ,!n1 aft] arrang+ ! hair to ! "r wid? & ?ickness1 ins]t ! butt end ( ! bun* 9 ! split4 ,w9d tightly ) /rong l95 ?read4 ,use on ! flat side ( ! p5cil in/ead ( ! edge4 ,an imitation-(-ebony job comes )9 ! prov9ce ( ! pa9t]'s skill n[ & !n4 ,fir/ ( all1 ! wood %\ld be close1 f9e-gra9$ /uff4 ,wa% x ) a decoction ( logwood ?ree or f\r times1 all[+ ! liquid to dry well betwe5 applications4 ,next wa% ) a solution ( acetate ( iron4 ,?is gives a deep1 int5sely black color4 ,= ! fill+ ( an unusually deep surface cavity prep>e a pigm5t aft] ?is =mula3 ,"o "p keg lead2 #b p>ts :it+4 ,mix to a /iff pa/e 9 equal p>ts ( ?ick v>ni% bottoms & raw l9se$ oil4 ,add a small quantity ( japan to insure reliable dry+4 ,!n to ?is mass mix 9 en\gh dry :ite lead to cause ! putty to "w nicely f ! h&4 ,apply v smoo? s z to avoid s&pap]+4 ,"o ( ! secrets ( ! ,fr5* coa* pa9t]'s success z a f9e v>ni%] & f9i%] 0 reveal$ by ,w4 ,h4 ,knight's report on ! ,p>is ,exposition4 ,ref]r+ to ! v>ni% room1 ,mr4 ,knight wrote3 ,! door is lock$1 & no "o is admitt$ "u any circum/ances--n ev5 ! proprietor4 ,! doors & w9d[s are air-tight1 s t n a p>ticle ( du/ c f9d entrance4 ,& yet ! room is v5tilat$1 b h[8 ,by means ( tubes fill$ ) a mixture ( horsehair & wool4 ,?is p]mits ! air to ent] freely1 b deprives x ( all du/1 consequ5tly ! f9i% ( _! "w is p]fect & exquisite4 ,all surfaces pa9t$ ) lake colors %\ld be amply protect$ by sub/antial v>ni% coats4 ,nei!r ! lake coats nor ! f\ndations ov] :i* !y are laid %\ld be all[$ to dry dead4 ,give ! gr\nd coats a bit ( gloss & always use ! lakes z color-&-v>ni% coats4 ,also1 always refra9 f buy+ a *eap1 inf]ior lake1 ! *ief con/itu5ts ( :i* are :it+ & anil9e dye4 ,wat] dissolves ! anil9e3 h5ce ) wat] z an aid ! pa9t] c det]m9e ! quality1 9 a measure at lea/1 ( ! lake colors4 ,to ! surface pa9t$ 9 a lake color1 apply1 be=e coat+ ) v>ni%1 a g5]\s sme> ( wat]4 ,if ! anil9e spe$ily disappe>s1 leav+ ! colorless :it+ base1 ! pur*as] has j cause to "q ! quality ( ! mat]ial4 ,a v>ni% sag ^u a surface doesn't always admit ( easy removal4 ,x c be done1 h[ev]1 & t v quickly & smoo?ly 9 a majority ( cases4 ,get a /ocky bun* ( curl$ hair1 wet x up ?or\ghly1 give x a lib]al dip 9 pulv]iz$ pumice /one1 & !n rub ! afflict$ surface c>efully4 ,f9i% ) a uni=m poli% furni%$ by ! regul> v>ni% surfac+ equipm5t4 ,c>riage & wagon int]iors1 runn+ p>ts1 etc41 f9i%$ 9 ! natural wood1 t h become /a9$ 9 spots s z to be an (f5se to ! eye1 may be satisfactorily r5ew$ by sme>+ ! /a9s ) oxalic acid4 ,apply ! acid ) a bru%1 p]mit x to act ^u ! /a9s = a few m9utes1 !n ) a small sponge wa% (f ) clean1 s(t wat]4 ,! /eel scrap]1 h&ily wield$1 w !n remove all rema9+ evid5ces ( ! /a9s4 ,all metallic surfaces may be p]fectly clean$ ) ?is acid4 ,! "q ( c>riage spr+s ru/+ is a live "o ) ! c>riage pa9t]4 ,! spr+ mak]1 or r ! fir/-class manufactur] ( spr+s1 av]s t ! spr+ product well gr\nd & f9i%$ is n at all liable to ru/ or prematurely ?r[ (f its protect+ coats ( pa9t & v>ni%4 ,! c>riage pa9t]1 h[ev]1 is compell$ to pa9t & dress up all sorts & conditions ( spr+s4 ,! badly ru/$ & scaly spr+s may be ?or\ghly clean$1 us+ a file & hamm] = ! purpose1 & ! spr+ lay]s be+ sep>at$ "o f ano!r4 ,!n coat ) graphite pa9t or m9]al br[n1 & 9 due "t f9i% up 9 ! usual way4 ,aga91 ! inn] surface ( ! spr+ leaves is coat$ ) a lead & lampblack mixture1 & lat] giv5 a glaz+ ( equal p>ts ( unsalt$ beef & mutton tall[4 ,a ?ird =mula1 widely kn[n z ,! ,hub =mula1 because x is said to h orig9at$ ) t j\rnal1 has prov5 ( value4 ,x is z foll[s3 ,remove ! secur+ bolts2 place ! spr+s ?us releas$ f t5sion 9 a ba? ( s(t wat] ov] night4 ,9 ! morn+1 ) a /iff bri/le or helix bru%1 9 wat] at #ajj degrees1 sc\r ! plates effectually1 & remove ! oxide by means ( an ample use ( elb[ grease4 ,dry by sunlight or artificial heat 9 h>dwood sawdu/4 ,let lie 9 w>m sawdu/1 at #ge or #hj = f two to ?ree h\rs2 !n give a ?9 coat ( cle>1 boil$ l9se$ oil1 & :5 ?or\ghly dry 7an exposure ( twelve or m h\rs is necess>y71 coat ov] by means ( a sponge ) a mixture ( #f p>ts ( comm]cial beeswax1 susp5d$ at #ij1 ) #b p>ts ( spirits ( turp5t9e4 ,"o h\r aft] application wipe (f edges ( all plates2 !n all[ "o h\r = h>d5+ & secure ! plate ) c5tre bolt4 ,! c>riage pa9t] frequ5tly has sign writ+ to d on glass & he requires a reliable size to enable him to get fir/-class leaf+4 ,russian is+lass makes ! be/ size1 al?\gh x is (t5 difficult to obta9 f local m]*ants4 ,to a p9t ( s(t wat] add a piece ( ! is+lass #a_/b 94 squ>e & boil until ! mat]ial is :olly dissolv$4 ,!n add a drop or two ( alcohol1 /ra91 & ! size is ready = use4 ,gelat9e1 :ile l>gely us$1 %\ld be us$ ! day x is prep>$ z a size1 o!rwise x is n reliable 9 its action4 ,put a few %r$s ( ! gelat9e 9 a qu>t ( wat] & boil until ! wat] is r$uc$ to a p9t4 ,v]milion is "o ( ! highly-priz$ c>riage pa9t+ pigm5ts1 & ! be/ is none too good to meet ! requirem5ts ( good "w4 ,to te/ ! color1 heat a small quantity 9 a porcela9 vessel ov] an alcohol lamp4 ,! adult]at$ v]milion1 9 burn+1 w leave a s$im5t ei!r r$1 black1 or p]haps :ite4 ,! g5u9e quicksilv] v]milion inv>iably proves fugitive :5 submitt$ to int5se heat4 ,! refuse oil ( p9e or coal t> is a useful oil to keep ^u ! pa9t %op %elves4 ,suppose a borr[$ bru% or a bru% neglect$ 9 "s way ab\t ! %op is f\nd dri$ up--h>d5$ to a /one-l condition4 ,take a quantity ( ! p9e or coal t> oil f its air-tight receptacle1 :]e x %\ld be kept to prev5t evaporation1 & 9 ! liquid susp5d ! injur$ bru% well up ov] ! bri/les4 ,?ree or f\r days' imm]sion w usually s(t5 up a v mu* abus$ bru%4 ,all colors t are app>5tly *ang$ 9 purity ( color :5 ev5 ! pale/ ( v>ni%es are us$ ov] !m1 %\ld h a little ( ! color us$ 9 ea* v>ni% coat up to ! f9i%+ coat ( v>ni%4 ,if /rip+ or ornam5t+ is us$ d ?is "w ^u ! la/ rubb+ coat & !n f9i% ) ! v pale/ v>ni% obta9able4 ,be> 9 m9d ?is fact1 namely3 ,colors are divid$ into ?ree c>d9al degrees--light1 m$ium1 & d>k4 ,& ! relative position ( ! base color gov]ns ! int]m$iate %ades4 ,9 ! mix+ & use ( colors x is also a wise policy to provide = ! self-ass]t+ prop]ty ( ! /ronge/ or controll+ color4 ,if ?is is n done ! di/9ctive "* ( ! color s\ght = w n = long be reta9$4 ,a prime factor 9 f9i%+ a c>riage 9 natural wood consi/s 9 fir/ ?or\ghly clean+ ! wood & !n keep+ x clean4 ,all /a9s & discolorations ( ! wood %\ld be s&pap]$ out or scrap$ (f ) /eel scrap] & a piece ( glass4 ,!n a c>eful1 uni=m s&pap]+ %\ld be giv54 ,du/ (f & apply a coat ( raw l9se$ oil4 ,?is oil coat requires a clean1 smoo? rubb+ out--z clean & smoo? z a coat ( pa9t4 ,give ?is oil coat f #bd to #cf h\rs to dry & h>d5 completely4 ,s&pap] lightly1 du/ (f1 & give ! surface a coat+ ( "s reliable1 fir/-class1 wood fill]4 ,z soon z ! fill] takes on a suffici5t tack1 rub across ! gra9 ( ! wood ) s(t1 clean rags until ! surface is free f any surplus fill]4 ,if1 aft] ! application ( ! fill]1 ! cells ( ! wood rema9 unfill$ or defectively seal$1 a second coat ( ! fill] w be necess>y4 ,once ! fill] has dri$1 mix a putty color$ to mat* ! natural color ( ! wood1 & putty nail & screw holes & o!r cavities4 ,?is putty+ %\ld be done s smoo?ly z to necessitate little or no s&pap]+ = ! purpose ( level+ ! putty spots4 ,! :ole surface may n[ 9 due "t be lightly gone ov] ) ,no4 #j pap]4 ,next du/ (f & apply a coat ( pale rubb+ v>ni%4 ,! /rip+ is be/ done on ?is coat4 ,!n give second coat ( rubb+1 surfac+ ?is coat1 :5 dry1 ) pulv]iz$ pumice /one & wat]1 clean up mo/ ?or\ghly1 & f9i% ) a v pale durable f9i%+ v>ni%4 ,! pa9t+ ( "o ( ^! natural-wood-f9i%$ jobs (t5 pres5ts a =midable problem4 ,:at is ! be/ me?od to pursue8 ,t _c be answ]$ decisively2 b a reliable me?od is app5d$4 ,fir/ scrape & s&pap] ! old v>ni% clean & sleek to ! wood4 ,if ! wood is 9 good %ape & n wea!r-beat51 apply a coat ( lead conta9+ no m oil ?an is c>ri$ 9 ! keg lead z x comes f ! deal]1 ! pigm5t be+ simply ?9n$ ) turp5t9e & giv5 a dry+ ag5t 9 ! %ape ( a teaspoonful ( coa* japan1 to1 say1 ea* p9t ( ! mixture4 ,if ! v>ni% has p]i%$1 & ! wood is injur$ !reby1 x is advisable to give ! lead a little extra da% ( oil1 b n en\gh to cause ! lead to dry ) a gloss4 ,te/+ ! lead on ! f+] nail w det]m9e ! "q ( gloss4 ,:5 dry ?is coat+ ( lead %\ld receive a c>eful s&pap]+1 & a second coat ( lead mix$ to dry dead1 & laid ) a camel's-hair bru%1 may g on4 ,too mu* oil %\ld be especially avoid$ 9 build+ ! lead f\ndation ov] ^! natural wood surfaces1 z x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ! gra9 ( ! wood has be5 already seal$ ) a h>d1 non-absorb5t mat]ial into :i* ! usual fir/ coat p]c5tage ( oil does n p5etrate4 ,on ?is second coat ( lead all ne$$ putty+ is done4 ,! s&pap]+ :i* foll[s %\ld be v p]fect & skillfully done4 ,body surfaces may next receive ! ne$$ r\gh/uff coat+ up1 to be subsequ5tly rubb$ out & c>ri$ ?r\gh to a f9i% 9 ! ord9>y way4 ,! runn+ p>ts f ?is lead coat f\ndation are color$ & f9i%$ accord+ to ! accept$ practice4 ,once ^u a "t1 my lam5t$ fri5d1 ,a4 ,f4 ,man*e/]1 9 ! columns ( ,v>ni%1 ask$ ?is p]t95t "q3 ,d y h tr\ble ) y\r f9e colors cl\d+ up & los+ _! brilliancy f ! v>ni%8 ,reply+ to ! qu]y1 he sugge/$ ?is plan1 to ! efficacy ( :i* ! writ] is glad to subscribe3 ,on any transp>5t color 7or any color1 9 fact7 always add "s ( ! color to ea* coat ( rubb+ v>ni%--en\gh to kill ! amb] t9t ( ! v>ni%4 ,?is pres]ves ! colors 9 all _! orig9al brilliancy4 ,( c\rse1 ?is plan necessitates /rip+ & ornam5t+ on ! la/ coat ( rubb+1 b t is j z well z bury+ all ! tone ( ! colors "u ! v>ni%4 ,!n1 aga91 x obliges ! cu/om] to h ! job rev>ni%$ :5 he ought4 ,x is n a praisewor?y practice to putty a c>riage body aft] x is rubb$ out ( r\gh/uff1 or aft] ! fir/ coat ( color is on4 ,! putty+ %\ld be att5d$ to :5 ! job is be+ r\gh/uff$--& be=e4 ,all places ov]look$ at ! fir/ putty+ %\ld be att5d$ to c>efully ^u ! fir/ coat ( r\gh/uff4 ,putty+ ^u a r\gh/uff$ rubb$ panel leads to premature surface blemi%es ( a mo/ unhappy ord]4 ,c]ta9 ( ! yell[s are r difficult to "w nicely :5 us$ z /rip+ colors = dagg] or sword p5cils4 ,notably s is *rome yell[1 :i*1 by ! way1 is a pretty f\ndation = glaz+ ) c>m9e4 ,su* colors may be rem$i$ by add+ a bit ( "s body color :i* w give !m a /rong] cov]+ prop]ty )\t h>mfully *ang+ ! purity ( ! yell[4 ,! subject ( v>ni% rooms is an ent]ta9+ "o4 ,s _m poor v>ni% rooms exi/ t any plan to make !m bett]1 s long z x be a feasible plan1 m]its att5tion4 ,mr4 ,f4 ,j4 ,fl[]s1 an old-"t c>riage man & an e>ne/ advocate ( ! fir/-class v>ni% room1 "s "t ago gave 8 idea ( su* an ap>tm5t 9 ^! words3 ,fir/1 x %\ld n be on ! top floor ( a build+ :]e x gets all ! gases & fumes f ! smi? & pa9t %ops4 ,x %\ld be r\nd 9 =m1 ) a dome ro(1 v5tilat$ & well light$ !refrom2 & ea* light ( glass %\ld be z colorless z possible1 & arrang$ s z to prev5t ! direct rays ( ! sun4 ,its ceil+ %\ld be all wood1 /a9$ light blue ) wat] colors2 ! floor %\ld be wax$ or oil$2 ! room1 :5 9 use1 %\ld be kept at an ev5 temp]ature 7n less ?an #fe71 & all dampness %\ld be avoid$4 ,y ask1 :y r\nd8 ,i answ]1 all evaporations =m 9 circles :5 asc5d+2 ! room hav+ no corn]s1 !re is no back draught to ob/ruct !m4 ,:y light$ f ! ro(8 ,!re w be no cross-lights1 h5ce no conflict+ light4 ,:y ceil$ ) wood8 ,x is dry] ?an pla/] & w absorb ! evaporations :5 n coat$ ) oil pa9t4 ,:y color blue8 ,x is ! spr+ light1 & gives ! pure/ reflection4 ,:y an ev5 temp]ature8 ,x w prev5t ! cond5s+ ( ! vapor1 & !reby prev5t x f fall+ back ^u ! v>ni%1 :i* gives x t bloomy1 silky1 & pitt$ look :i* we he> s mu* ab\t4 ,^u heavy vehicle "w1 su* z br\ghams1 l&aus1 etc41 ! inside surface ( glass frames1 pill>s1 door *ecks1 & ! l1 q commonly g ) a poli% f9i%1 z x does away ) /ick+ doors1 defac$ pill>s1 & gl>+ glass frames4 ,! contra/ betwe5 ! poli%$ p>ts & ^? reflect+ a high brilliancy ( f9i% is s(t & pleas+ & a grateful relief to ! eye4 ,! p>ts ref]r$ to1 hav+ be5 br\ght up to a solid f\ndation ( rubb+ v>ni%1 are giv5 a ?or\gh surfac+ ) pumice /one fl\r & wat]4 ,next rub ) sweet oil & rott5 /one1 us+ a s(t wool5 clo? = ! poli%]4 ,conclude ! op]ation by rubb+ :eat fl\r "u a clean bit ( wool5 until ! friction g5]at$ makes a gloss4 ,! fl\r1 9 addition to its o!r (fice1 w absorb & clean up ! oil4 ,a v quick dry+ /rip+ color is frequ5tly dem&$--"o t c be v>ni%$ ov] 9 an h\r aft] application1 or soon]4 ,mix ! pigm5t 9 equal p>ts ( rubb+ v>ni% & coa* japan4 ,!n ?9 to ! prop] work+ consi/5cy ) turp5t9e4 ,9 pa9t+ ov] metallic surfaces1 :i* ! c>riage & wagon pa9t] frequ5tly f9ds x necess>y to d1 x is ess5tial to fir/ "k t su* surfaces are ?or\ghly clean & free f acids1 grease1 etc4 ,give !m a rub ov] ) k]os5e or b5z9e1 & !n wa% ) soap & wat]1 conclud+ ) a g5]\s r9s+ (f ) clean wat]4 ,if ! surface is too heavily saturat$ ) pa9t injur+ accumulations1 give x a wa% ) wat] conta9+ sal soda 9 ! proportion (1 say1 #a_/b to #c_/d lb4 ( ! soda to #e or #f qu>ts ( wat]4 ,a r9s+ ) clean wat] w n[ af=d a clean surface ov] :i* to pa9t4 ,! metallic surface be+ clean1 x rema9s = ! pa9t] to give x a h>d1 solid surfac+ ) ,no4 #a-a_/b s&pap]1 9 ord] to develop ! necess>y m9ute furr[s & scrat*es to give ! pigm5t a bite or a *ance to grip fa/4 ,in/ead ( s&pap]+1 ! practice holds good 9 "s %ops ( rubb+ ! surface ) a fire brick z a means ( tr5*+ & *annel+ x to ! requir$ ext5t4 ,! vehicle pa9t] locat$ 9 ! small %op & n usually us+ a v consid]able quantity ( v>ni% daily1 %\ld buy 8 supply ( ?is mat]ial 9 small cans--p9ts & qu>ts = example4 ,once a c is op5$1 ! v>ni%1 ?r\gh repeat$ exposure to ! air1 quickly beg9s to gr[ fatty1 & aft] a "t ! loss ( ! turp5t9e leaves x 9 an unfit condition to "w satisfactorily ov] a f9e surface4 ,a rubb] /opp] is ! be/ k9d ( a v>ni% c /opp]1 because x does n crumble & break into bits l ! cork1 & x is ! close/ possible approa* to an air-tight device4 ,! pa9t] has b small use = ! v>ni% t has to be ?9n$ ) turp5t9e 9 ord] to give x ! prop] spread+ & fl[+ prop]ty4 ,! elem5ts ( durability & brilliancy ( lu/re are 9 great dang] ( be+ greatly impair$1 if n q :olly de/roy$1 :5 %op ?9n+ ( v>ni%es is practic$4 ,to attempt to successfully cut ! solidity ( v>ni% ) turp5t9e add$ 9 hit or miss fa%ion con/itutes a direct injury to ?is manife/ly s5sitive & delicate mat]ial4 ,?9n+ v>ni% %\ld be resort$ to only :5 an extremely critical em]g5cy pres5ts itself4 ,to provide a tight1 du/-&-smoke-pro( floor = ! v>ni% room1 proce$ 9 ?is wise3 ,cut /rips ( /\t wrapp+ pap] to ! prop] l5g? to fit l5g?wise ( ! floor4 ,coat "o side ( ! pap] ) trimm]'s pa/e1 & !n lay ! /rips on smoo? & free f wr9kles4 ,all[ ! second /rip to ov]lap ! fir/ "o fully #b in*es4 ,cont9ue ov]lapp+ until ! floor is cov]$4 ,:5 ! fir/ lay] or cov]+ has laid long en\gh to provide = ! complete dry+ ( ! pa/e1 lay a second c\rse ( ! pap] 9 ! same mann]1 & 9 due "t1 if necess>y1 apply a ?ird c\rse4 ,!n apply a coat ( yell[ o*re pa9t1 mix$ oil & turp5t9e1 9 ! proportion ( #a_/d oil to #c_/d turp5t9e1 ) a tablespoonful ( japan add$ to ea* p9t ( ! pa9t4 ,! second coat ( o*re may be mix$ 9 #b_/c h>d dry+ implem5t v>ni% to #a_/c japan4 ,mr4 ,p4 ,c4 ,hoebel1 9 ,v>ni%1 int]e/+ly describes 8 me?od ( pa9t+ ov] a crack$ & fissur$ surface1 & av]s t x has = _m ye>s prov5 uni=mly successful4 ,mr4 ,hoebel says3 ,in/ead ( s&+ d[n ! old v>ni%1 ,i sk9 x (f by ! use ( ammonia & a /iff blad$ putty knife4 ,!n rub d[n ) block rubb+ /one & let /& ov] night to dry out4 ,next1 a good s&pap]+ ) ,no4 #a pap]2 du/ ?or\ghly4 ,!n apply a mixture compos$ ( #a "p drop black1 #a "p keg lead1 & ! same am\nt ( dry lampblack4 ,add a little rubb+ v>ni%4 ,?9 to a prop] work+ consi/5cy ) turp5t9e4 ,next day putty-glaze ! entire crack$ surface ) n too s(t putty4 ,use ! regulation h>d dry+ c>riage pa9t]'s putty4 ,?is putty %\ld dry h>d en\gh to s& well ! foll[+ day4 ,! s&pap]+ ( ?is putty is ( ! greate/ importance & requires an extra am\nt ( elb[ grease4 ,! job is n[ ready to receive ! prop] gr\nd "w = its respective color :i* is to be4 ,9 wagon pa9t+ "s exce$+ly light & delicate t9ts are us$1 & dri]s = su* t9ts adapt$ to ! delicacy ( color+ are ne$$4 ,app5d$ is a =mula = a dri] ( ?is k9d3 ,mix #ae p>ts ( sulphate ( z9c1 #d p>ts sug> ( lead1 & #g ( li?>ge1 ) pure l9se$ oil1 & gr9d ! mixture 9 a pa9t mill v f9e2 !n mix #ajj p>ts ( p>is :ite to a d\gh ) #ej p>ts ( :ite lead & l9se$ oil4 ,gr9d ?is also v f9e 9 ! mill1 !n mix all toge!r1 gr9d+ once m4 ,x is possible n[ & !n to rem$y a case ( pitt$ v>ni% 9 ?is mann]4 ,! morn+ aft] ! v>ni% is appli$ cov] ! surface ) cle> turp5t9e4 ,let ! turps gradually soak up & s(t5 ! pitt$ v>ni%1 add+ m turps z requir$4 ,:5 ! v>ni% has become suffici5tly s(t5$1 mix a little raw l9se$ oil ) ! turp5t9e 7! oil hold+ ! turps 9 *eck & prev5t+ x f cutt+ into ! "u coats7 & ) a s(t badg]-hair bru% proce$ to lift ! afflict$ v>ni% coat4 ,! v>ni% once remov$1 let ! surface /& = a few h\rs1 !n give x a light rubb+ ov] ) a moi/5$ sponge dipp$ 9 f9ely pulv]iz$ pumice /one4 ,foll[ ) a ?or\gh wa%+ ) clean wat] & rev>ni%4 ,color & v>ni% /ra9]s are a necessity4 ,*eese clo?1 cut into #f-;in* squ>es1 gives a v practical k9d ( /ra9]4 ,all colors t h /ood = "s "t aft] mix+ require /ra9+ be=e be+ us$4 ,& f9i%+ v>ni%--all v>ni%1 9 fact1 %\ld be /ra9$ z ! f9al cont5ts ( ! c are approa*$4 ,_m fir/-class f9i%]s insi/ ^u /ra9+ all ! v>ni% !y use2 & *eese clo? s]ves ! purpose ( a good /ra9] at a l[ co/4 ,! be/ /roke = squ>+ up v>ni% has (t5 be5 discuss$ at l5g?1 & x seems to be ! decision ( ! lead+ f9i%]s ( ! c\ntry t ! horizontal /roke is to be pref]r$ to ! v]tical4 ,to ! beg9n] ! =m] is probably ! mo/ difficult to use1 ! dang] ( runs1 sags1 etc41 seem+ly be+ !reby int5sifi$4 ,! natural fl[ ( v>ni%1 z ! f9i%]s all may "k1 is d[nw>d1 & ! horizontal /roke ( ! bru% does n arre/ ?is fl[ or div]t x f its accept$ c\rse4 ,! v]tical /roke1 h[ev]1 p]mits ( a v>ni% fl[ 9 at lea/ two directions--sideways & d[nw>d4 ,runs & o!r surface defac]s are equally possible ) ! horizontal or v]tical bru% /roke4 ,immunity f su* di/urb]s dep5ds altoge!r ^u ! uni=mity & equality ) :i* ! v>ni% has be5 fl[$ ^u ! surface4 ,to r5ovate & give a fre% new look to cu%ions & backs1 :5 fad$1 ?9 ! desir$ color d[n ) turp5t9e until x c almo/ be call$ a wa%1 & apply ! mixture v ?9ly4 ,all[ ! color to dry ?or\ghly1 & !n ?9 %ellac ) alcohol until a v ?9 %ellac is provid$ & coat ! articles ) ?is1 foll[+ imm$iately ) a sm>t poli%+ ) neatsfoot oil & !n wip+ dry ) clean wool5 clo?s4 ,! tw9e us$ = bridl+ pa9t bru%es--& ! tw9e bridle is ! favor$ k9d 9 ! c>riage pa9t %op--%\ld be run ?r\gh melt$ tall[ & beeswax be=e put to use4 ,aft] ! tall[ & wax has cool$ on ! tw9e1 ! bridl+ may proce$4 ,aft] ! tw9e is 9 position on ! bru%1 run a little ( ! w>m grease & wax ov] x4 ,?us a m durable & m easily clean$ bridle is giv5 ! bru%4 ,imitation v]milions are consid]ably favor$ ( late ye>s1 b !y fade aft] ! mann] ( a late autumn twilight unless amply protect$ by v>ni%4 ,giv5 adequate v>ni% protection !y %[ radiant colors & we> durably4 ,! c\ntry c>riage pa9t] is no /rang] to ! vehicle1 ! family heirloom1 p]*ance1 t comes into ! %op ) hubs split & %att]$1 & axle grease filt]+ up ?r\gh ! cracks saturat+ ! wood & mak+ x g5]ally unpa9table4 ,an old c>riage pa9t] advises ?is treatm5t 9 ord] to cause ! pa9t & color to dry ov] ! afflict$ p>ts3 ,fir/ give ! hubs a wa% ) gasol9e or b5z9e1 work+ ! fluid well into ! cracks4 ,give pl5ty ( "t = evaporation to occur4 ,!n ) %ellac cut ) a little e!r1 fill 9 ! fissure4 ,next make a putty ( pla/] ( p>is mix$ ) ! %ellac & e!r4 ,into ! fissures =ce ?is mixture1 keep+ x cle>ly f ! outside surface ( ! hub1 z no?+ %ort ( a file w level x aft] x has dri$4 ,give ! putty a nice1 smoo? dress+ (f ^u ! fill+ ( ea* crevice4 ,! bus9ess wagon occasionally conta9s a w9d[ glass t %\ld g 9 imitation ( fro/$ glass4 ,take f9ely gr\nd :it+ &1 ) #b_/c raw l9se$ oil to #a_/c japan1 mix to a r /iff consi/5cy2 & !n ) turp5t9e r$uce to a condition to "w easily "u a camel's-hair bru%4 ,let ! mixture be spread quickly & uni=mly ev5 ^u ! glass4 ,!n take f9ely %r$d$ clo? & roll x into a ball & cov] ) a clean cotton clo? & proce$ to g c>efully ov] ! fre%ly laid on :it+1 s(tly tapp+ x1 until ! fro/$ imitation is br\ght cle>ly & prettily into relief4 ,a surface t has become d5t$ by a bl[ f a hamm] or o!r blunt in/rum5t c be rem$i$ by s plac+ ! surface t ! d5t or depression w hold a little wat] p\r$ into x1 & !n hold+ a light$ tap] to ! wat] until ! heat ?us g5]at$ 9 ! m9ute body ( wat] causes ! wood to aga9 assume its natural %ape & condition4 ,9 d5t+ ! wood1 if a positive rupture does n occur at ! edge ( ! depression ! /ra9 ( ! wood has occurr$ 9 two di/9ct directions--inw>d & l5g?wise--& ! reaction :5 x takes place w be two-fold4 ,a second way ( treat+ su* surface difficulties consi/s ( bor+ ) a gimlet ?r\gh ! compress$ fibres ( ! wood until ! s\nd timb] is rea*$4 ,?is puncture w c\nt]act ! l5g?wise reaction4 ,!n moi/5 ) tepid wat] until ! wood recov]s its natural position aga94 ,! bruise or d5t ) fractur$ edges is m easily repair$1 z no reaction ne$ be fe>$1 ! pressure ( ! tool mak+ ! depression hav+ ov]come ! natural resi/ance ( ! wood2 & de/ruction ( resi/ance results1 z may be naturally inf]r$1 9 de/ruction ( all reactive functions4 ,if ! c>riage or wagon pa9t] at any "t wi%es a v>ni% to dry )\t gloss he may dissolve #d ounces ( beeswax 9 turp5t9e & add to #a qu>t ( v>ni%4 ,?is1 :ile n r$uc+ ! body ( ! v>ni%1 w cause x to dry )\t mu*1 if any lu/re4 ,x w "w f ! bru% freely & we> durably4 ,if only a subdu$ gloss is desir$1 use #b ounces ( beeswax to #a qu>t ( v>ni%4 ,! w9d[ sa%es 9 bus9ess wagons t are pa9t$ 9 "s ( ! d>k fa%ionable gre5s (f] a beautiful contra/ to ! body color if gra9$ mahogany color4 ,= ! gr\nd color = ! mahogany use :ite lead1 burnt si5na1 & a bit ( raw si5na = ! ton+ +r$i5t4 ,putty1 if necess>y1 ^u ! fir/ gr\nd coat4 ,two coats %\ld suffice to give a d5se1 /able gr\nd4 ,burnt si5na1 wet 9 /ale be]1 =ms ! gra9+ mat]ial4 ,apply ) a s(t bru%1 wipe quickly out ) a s(t1 fleecy sponge1 use ! bl5d] lightly1 & ! trick is done4 ,! f9i%] %\ld nev] assume ! responsibility ( add+ dri]s to v>ni%4 ,v>ni% is compos$ ( peculi>ly s5sitive & susceptible +r$i5ts respond+ to ! slighte/ influ5ces1 good or ill1 & ! addition ( siccatives only t5ds to make ! action ( ! v>ni% unc]ta94 ,x is only = ! "t be+ t ! dri]s unite & =m a "p ( ! v>ni%4 ,dur+ ! op]ation ( apply+ to ! surface ! v>ni% =sakes or sep>ates ! %op-add$ siccative1 ) ! result t pitt+ & p9-hol+1 along ) o!r burd5some deviltries1 are develop$4 ,no1 %op mix+ ( dri]s ) v>ni% is n advisable4 ,my e/eem$ confr]e1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,g4 ,cam]on1 makes public ?is wor?y obs]vation1 ) ,v>ni% z 8 m$ium ( circulation3 ,e v>ni% room %\ld h a w9d[ ?r\gh :i* ! direct rays ( ! sun passes dur+ ! aft]noon4 ,x %\ld be curta9$ & h a small slit or hole 9 ! curta9 = a slice ( sunlight to /ream ?r\gh4 ,?is slice ( sunlight w reveal ! condition ( ! air )9 ! room & tell ! v>ni%] j h[ mu* du/ he w h to cont5d ) t day4 ,if ?is ray %[s t ! air is load$ ) magnetic du/1 x w\ld be well = him to spr9kle well e suspici\s place )9 ! v>ni% room4 ,"s days spr9kl+ is n ne$$2 su* days z ra9y ones or "r aft] a ra9 /orm4 ,on w9dy days1 w9d[ sills & any place :]e ! air is likely to drift ?r\gh %\ld be wet d[n4 ,b on magnetic days ! floor & e place %\ld be well wet d[n4 ,a v>ni%]'s clo!s %\ld be also scrupul\sly groom$ (f4 ,! writ] has v>ni%$ (t5 ) a damp '%ammy' wrapp$ r\nd 8 wri/ & arm to keep ! du/ f 8 und]clo?+ f tr\bl+ him4 ,bew>e ( ! black color-&-v>ni% t c>ries a da% ( too mu* color 9 x4 ,black ( high or l[ degree1 su* z is us$ 9 c>riage pa9t+1 may be class$ z a non-dry+ mat]ial4 ,f9i%+ v>ni% appli$ ov] a color-&-v>ni% conta9+ too great a p]c5tage ( color is exce$+ly liable to /rike into ?is improp]ly h>d5$ und]coat & lose ! beauty ( its lu/re !reby4 ,9 c>riage "p f9i%+ done ^u ! color-&-v>ni% coat ! tr\ble "h not$ %\ld be gu>d$ aga9/4 ,ornam5tal /rip+ ^u bus9ess wagons %\ld nev] be done ) ! heavy /ripe4 ,reta9 ! same /yle ( /rip+ ?r\gh\t a job4 ,?r[+ 9 two or ?ree /yles ( l9e "w on a job is an affront to good ta/e ( :i* no up-to-date pa9t] %\ld be guilty4 ,a f9e old woodwork] once told my lam5t$ fri5d1 ,mr4 ,c4 ,e4 ,vad]1 h[ to make a saw ) :i* to cut block pumice /one4 ,he said3 ,take a piece ( b& iron #a-a_/d or #b in*es wide & #ah in*es long2 put "o end 9 ! vise & !n get a %>p cold-*isel4 ,be sure to h x %>p4 ,slant ! *isel #de f y & tip to ! left & /rike q a bl[4 ,next "t turn *isel to ! "r1 or j try to cut "s saw tee? 9 ?is iron4 ,y c cut & set !m at ! same "t4 ,don't make tee? too f> ap>t4 ,?is w cut z mu* pumice /one z a well fil$ & set saw w\ld4 ,9 an essay on ,h[ to ,make ,coa* ,v>ni% g ,wrong1 publi%$ by a prom95tly-kn[n v>ni% mak+ firm "s "t s9ce1 ?is advice 0 t5d]$3 ,practice hospitality6 ,let ev]ybody g 9 & out ( y\r v>ni% room freely4 ,don't h a small door cut 9 ! l>ge "o1 & don't %ut (f y\r v>ni% room f ! o!r rooms4 ,let ! temp]ature ( y\r v>ni% room v>y z mu* z possible4 ,"u no circum/ances all[ x to rema9 ! same = two consecutive h\rs4 ,let x fall f> bel[ #gj or rise f> above #hj2 b above all ?+s1 make x v>y4 ,9 ! w9t] season let ! fire g out occasionally1 & be sure to select ?is z ! prop] "t to op5 ! w9d[ to see :at is go+ on outside4 ,"o ( ! /rong sell+ factors ( a vehicle consi/s ( a fir/-class int]ior f9i%4 ,a prospective cu/om]1 z a rule1 is quick to p]ceive ! f9i% ( ! inside surface2 & no?+ t5ds m p[]fully to *eap5 ! looks ( an o!rwise faultlessly f9i%$ job ?an a slov5ly surfac$ & f9i%$ c>riage body int]ior4 ,"o doesn't ne$ to insi/ ^u ! same high /&>d ( cleanl9ess = ! inside z ! outside1 b good surfac+ & an excell5t fre$om f dirt1 motes1 etc41 %\ld be ma9ta9$ 9 ! f9i%+ ( int]ior surfaces4 ,9 ! f9i%+ ( c>riages 9 ! natural wood1 gum %ellac %\ld n be us$ to fill up ! gra9 ( ! wood4 ,%ellac is ( an entirely too brittle nature1 devoid ( ela/icity1 to be us$ ^u a surface subject to su/a9$ vibrations ) accompany+ viol5t j>s & jolts4 ,= fir/-class c>riage "w %ellac is good only :5 n us$4 ,ano!r /rongly recomm5d$ me?od ( fill+ up cracks & fissures 9 coa* panels embraces ! employm5t ( equal p>ts ( ,engli% fill+1 dry :ite lead & :it+1 mix$ ) equal p>ts ( japan & rubb+ v>ni%4 ,to ?is add #a_/b ! quantity ( rye fl\r pa/e1 /irr+ ! mass into a ?ick consi/5cy4 ,?is is appli$ ) an old pa9t bru%1 & :5 x has set & /iff5$ consid]ably ^u ! surface x is knif$ 9 ) a broad-blade putty knife1 & two days lat] x is rubb$ d[n ) a block ( pumice /one or a f9e rubb+ brick4 ,a putty = resett+ glass 9 coa* frames is made ( #g p>ts :it+ & #a "p :ite lead mix$ to ! correct work+ consi/5cy 9 raw l9se$ oil1 add+ a little japan gold size to furni% ! prop] dry+ quality4 ,if ! putty is to be use ^u black frames1 d>k5 suffici5tly ) ivory drop black1 in/ead ( lampblack1 & less5 proportionately ! japan us$4 ,?is putty c be dep5d$ ^u to rema9 9 place & securely1 hold ! glass 9 ! frames4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,l>ge/ ,,9 ,,! ,,_w ,rob]t ,+ham ,cl>k ,co41 ,,manufactur]s ,,( ,,! ,,celebrat$ ,britannia ,engli% ,v>ni%es4 ,,london4 ,,p>is4 ,,hamburg4 ,illu/ration ,! ,britannia ,f9i%+ ,v>ni%es ( ! ,rob]t ,+ham ,cl>k ,co4 manufacture are sold 9 e "p ( ! civiliz$ _w4 ,! extreme durability ( _! v>ni%es1 comb9$ ) _! brilliancy1 easy-work+ & quick-dry+ prop]ties1 make !m ! be/ & safe/ v>ni%es = c>riage & c> "w to be f\nd on ! m>ket4 ,^! goods are put up 9 gallons1 halves & qu>ts2 also 9 #ab-a_/b gallon drums4 ,samples w be furni%$ on application4 ,,pratt ,,lamb]t1 ,,ag5ts ,,= ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,& ,,mexico1 ,long ,isl& ,city1 #cgj-cgh ,tw5ty-,six? ,/41 ,,new ,,york4 ,,*icago4 99 99 99 99 99 ,c>riage ,v>ni%es & ,japans ( ,unequall$ ,quality ,special ,crimson ,color ,v>ni% ,an unrivall$ und]coat+ = ! f9e/ "w4 ,works v freely1 cov]s spl5didly1 has a beautiful color & holds ! latt] wond]fully4 ,c be moss$ (f 9 twelve h\rs4 ,cle> ,rubb+ ,v>ni%es ( ,highe/ ,quality ,"w & rub v easily4 ,! /&>d = quality = tw5ty-five ye>s4 ,nonp>eil ,japan ,a wond]ful dri] & b9d]4 ,exce$+ly pale 9 color1 & nev] equal$ 9 quality4 ,pale ,body ,f9i%+ ,made up on a new =mula & hav+ no equal = a high-grade f9i%+ ,v>ni%4 ,works easily1 fl[s out f9ely ) a spl5did lu/re1 giv+ a v f9e surface ov] t\*-up "w1 & is ?or\ghly reliable 9 all respects4 ,,*icago ,,v>ni% ,,company 7,e/abli%$ #ahfe7 ,de>born ,k9zie #bb ,vesey ,/reet #ff ,high ,/reet ,,*icago ,,new ,,york ,,bo/on 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,easy ,,way4 ,! av]age actor mu/ rehe>se ! new piece sev]al times1 & ea* rehe>sal uses up half a day4 ,!n he ne$s ! prompt] to help him out ) ! fir/ few p]=mances3 & 8 anxiety1 le/ he =get1 we>s on 8 n]ves & worries ! o!r actors & causes ! manag] to say ?+s1 & compels a great _m sc5es ( battle & sorr[ n writ 9 ! play4 ,edw9 ,boo? nev] ne$$ ! prompt]1 & he rehe>s$ b once4 ,he _h x all 9 8 m9d s famili>ly1 be=e he came to ! /age1 t he w5t ?r\gh x )\t an ef=t4 ,he said he 0 lazy1 & t 0 ! easie/ way4 ,we appeal to y\r laz9ess4 ,:y n make bus9ess easy6 ,:at's ! use ( worry+1 & mak+ mi/akes1 & do+ x ov] aga91 & gett+ rattl$1 & keep+ ! factory 9 a turmoil1 & hav+ angry cu/om]s1 & los+ trade1 & walk+ up & d[n at night1 & say+ ?+s6 ,if y h ! "r k9d ( v>ni% on ! "r k9d ( color y\r "w w g smoo?ly1 y\r n]ves w be 9 good condition :5 y are an old man1 y w get ! reputation ( be+ wise & good1 y\r fun]al s]mon--s long delay$--w be deliv]$ ) a cle> consci5ce4 ,j ?9k a little be=eh&3 t is all4 ,we keep ourselves well & happy by mak+ v>ni% & color :i* h no battle sc5es 9 !m4 ,come n[3 let u trade toge!r1 & %[ ! _w h[ pleasant a ?+ is bus9ess--prop]ly done4 ,,murphy ,,v>ni% ,,co4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,new ,,york ,john ,w4 ,masury ,son ,,manufactur]s ,,( ,sup]f9e ,colors ,gr\nd 9 ,japan ,pure ,colors ,gr\nd 9 ,oil ,arti/s' ,tube ,colors ,f9e ,c>riage ,v>ni%es ,wagon ,pa9ts ,c>riage ,gloss ,pa9ts ,miscellane\s ,v>ni%es & ,japans ,,*icago 99 99 99 99 99 ,,surrey ,,v>ni% ,,co4 #hff & #hfh ,,nor? ,,hoyne ,,ave4 ,,*icago4 ,,ill9ois4 ,good ,old-,fa%ion$ ,v>ni%es & ,japans ,illu/ration ,,william ,,fi%] ,,f\nd] ,,( ,,! ,,surrey ,,v>ni% ,,co41 ,,*icago1 #ahia ,,gr&son ,,& ,,pupil ,,9 ,,v>ni% ,,mak+ ,,( ,,william ,,h>l& ,,orig9ator ,,( ,,! ,,firm ,,( ,,wm4 ,,h>l& ,,son ,,m]ton1 ,,surrey1 ,,engl&1 #agia4 ,illu/ration ,! quality ( a ,v>ni% dep5ds ^u ! "t & skill devot$ to its manufacture1 & n altoge!r1 z _m suppose1 ^u ! mat]ials f :i* x is made4 ,,9 ,,all ,,our ,,f9i%+ ,,v>ni%es ,,we ,,use ,,only ,,! ,,sl[ ,,engli% ,,process4 ,our ,two-,day & ,f\r-,day ,c>riage ,rubb+ ,v>ni%es are ! ,be/ 9 ! ,_w4 ,,surrey ,,v>ni% ,,co4 #hff & #hfh ,,nor? ,,hoyne ,,ave4 ,,*icago4 ,,ill9ois4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,/&>d ,,c>riage ,,v>ni%es ,,excel ,,9 ,,free ,,fl[+ ,,safety ,,uni=mity ,,lu/re ,,& ,,durability ,,x ,,is ,,impossible to obta9 be/ results unless y use ! be/ mat]ial & !re are no bett] ,,rubb+ ,,or ,,f9i%+ ,v>ni%es 9 ! m>ket ?an ^? made by ! ,,/&>d ,,v>ni% ,,works ,! ,l>ge/ ,v>ni% ,works 9 ! ,_w ,,factories1 ,,cov]+ #g ,,acres1 ,,elm ,,p>k1 ,s4 ,i4 ,,g5]al ,,(fices ,,london 444#bi ,,broadway444 ,,*icago #bc ,,billit] ,,/reet ,,new ,,york #bfbi ,,de>born ,,/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,arm/rong ,mc,k,e,l,v,y ,pittsburgh ,,beym]-,,bauman ,pittsburgh ,,davis-,,*amb]s ,pittsburgh ,,fahne/ock ,pittsburgh ,,an*or ,c9c9nati ,,eck/e9 ,,atlantic ,,bradley ,,brooklyn ,new ,york ,,jewett ,,ul/] ,,union ,,s\!rn ,*icago ,,%ipman ,,colli] ,,miss\ri ,/4 ,l\is ,,r$ ,,seal ,,s\!rn ,,john ,t4 ,,lewis ,,bros4 ,,co4 ,philadelphia ,,morley ,clevel& ,,salem ,salem1 ,mass4 ,,cornell ,buffalo ,,k5tucky ,l\isville ,,use ,,pure ,,:ite ,,lead ,,& ,,pure ,,l9se$ ,,oil & y w "k exactly :at y are gett+--absolutely ! be/ & mo/ economical pa9t 9 exi/5ce4 ,employ a responsible1 practical pa9t] to apply x & ! result w be satisfactory4 ,national ,lead ,co41 ,no4 #ajj ,william ,/reet1 ,,new ,,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,b]ry ,,bro!rs 7,,limit$7 ,,manufactur]s ,,( ,illu/ration ,,c>riage ,,v>ni%es ,,new ,,york1 ,,bo/on1 ,,philadelphia1 ,,baltimore1 ,,c9c9nati1 ,,*icago1 ,,/4 ,,l\is1 ,,san ,,francisco ,,factory ,,& ,,ma9 ,,(fice ,,detroit 99 99 99 99 99 ,,lucas ,,helps ,lucas ,coa* ,colors ,s5d = pamphlet %[+ #ed beautiful colors we c>ry 9 /ock4 ,h y ev] tri$ our ,lucas9e ,v]milions1 ,light ,royal ,gre51 ,aurora ,lake4 ,deep ,orange ,yell[1 ,cobalt ,blue8 ,lucas ,a4 ,i4 ,v4 ,m4 ,colors ,s5d = sample c>ds1 %[+ up-to-date h>moni\s comb9ations = pa9t+ ! body & ge>s ( wagons4 ,lucas ,prim]s ,v]milion1 ,lead ,color & ,orange4 ,light gravity = dipp+2 heavy gravity = bru% "w4 ,lucas ,iron & ,/eel ,fill]s ,= ! heavy iron p>ts ( c>riages & wagons ( all k9ds4 ,!y are t\gh1 ela/ic1 & w /& hamm]+4 ,lucas ,wood ,fill]s ,pa/e & ,liquid4 ,= fill+ & prim+ ,oak1 ,hickory & ,a%3 p>ticul>ly useful = "w f9i%$ 9 ! natural colors4 ,lucas ,coa* ,v>ni%es ,our h>d dry+ coa* rubb+ gives univ]sal satisfaction4 ,lucas ,coa* ,dry+ ,japan ,?or\ghly reliable4 ,always uni=m 9 /r5g? & g5]al work+ qualities4 ,lucas ,black ,enamel ,top ,dress+ ,tip top = g5]al repairs4 ,unexcell$ = lea!r & clo? tops & curta9s4 ,lucas ,ph5om ,v>ni% & ,pa9t ,remov] ,quick1 en]getic1 effective4 ,does n raise ! gra9 ( ! wood4 ,an indisp5sable article 9 e pa9t %op4 ,,john ,,lucas ,,co41 ,practical ,manufactur]s ,colors1 ,pa9ts1 ,v>ni%es4 ,,new ,,york ,,philadelphia ,,*icago 99 99 99 99 99 ,,j ,,issu$ ,,! ,,home ,,me*anic ,,& ,,complete ,,self-,,in/ructor4 ,a ,,:ole ,,libr>y ,,9 ,,"o ,,book4 ,illu/ration ,a full comp5dium ( ,indisp5sable ,in=mation & ,in/ruction 9 ! mo/ useful ,me*anical ,trades4 ,ea* ,"p has be5 prep>$ by a ,speciali/ :o is ,ma/] ( 8 ,trade4 ,! ,in/ruction is ,?or\gh & ,practical4 ,?is book w enable y to d _m little ?+s t y n[ h to pay = & w ?us save ,hundr$s ( ,doll>s 9 any h\sehold4 ,no o!r book has ev] be5 publi%$ t treats ( s _m ( ! trades or t conta9s on any "o ( !m in=mation s ?or\ghly practical 9 "*4 ,,"p ,i4 is devot$ to ,c>p5try4 ,x describes ! ,tools1 tells ,h[ to ,select ,!m & ,keep ,!m 9 ,ord]1 & ,h[ to ,use ,!m2 ,h[ to ,fit up a ,%op & to ,make ! ,v>i\s ,appliances1 & h[ to d ,all ,sorts ( ,"w1 f ,plan+ a ,bo>d to ,build+ a ,h\se4 ,a description & ! ,selection ( ,build]s' ,h>dw>e1 & ano!r to ! ,mak+ ( ,specifications4 ,ev]y?+ is ,fully ,illu/rat$ by ,engrav+s4 ,,"p ,,ii4 is devot$ to ,pa9t+--tells exhau/ively h[ ,pa9ts are ,prep>$1 ,mix$ & ,appli$1 & ,h[ to ,make & ,use ,v>ni%es & ,dry]s4 ,x gives ,full & ,pla9 ,in=mation ab\t ,colors & ,t9ts1 also ab\t ,gra9+1 ,/a9+ on ,glass1 z well z ,wood2 ,lett]+1 ,glaz+1 & ,pap] ,hang+4 ,,"p ,,iii4 treats ( ,sign1 ,c>riage & ,decorative ,pa9t+1 & conta9s ,full ,in=mation & ,in/ructions z to ,frescos & ,walls & ,int]ior ,ornam5tation t is to be f\nd else:]e only 9 ,high-pric$ ,volumes4 ,! ,te*nical ,k t x imp>ts ( ,pill>s & ,scrolls1 ,ceil+s & ,bord]s & ,room ,decorations is wor? _m times ! price ( ! :ole book1 & ?is c be z truly said ( ! ,practical ,in/ruction 9 ,c>riage ,pa9t+1 & also t 9 ,sign ,pa9t+1 :i* includes ,pa9t+ on ,glass & v>i\s ,metals & ,textiles1 z well z on ,wood4 ,,"p ,,iv4 treats ( ,f9i%+ & ,ornam5t+ ,furniture & ,cab9et ,articles1 tells ,h[ to ,prep>e ! ,mat]ials1 :at ,tools to ,use & ,h[ to ,use ,!m4 ,?is cov]s1 among o!r ?+s ! ,processes ( ,blea*+1 ,d>k5+1 ,/a9+1 ,fill+1 ,gra9+1 ,v5e]+1 ,m>quet]ie ,"w1 ,buhl ,"w1 & ,inlay+ ( all sorts4 ,recipes = ,v>ni%es1 ,/a9s1 ,cem5ts1 etc41 & = ,remov+ ,/a9s & ,reviv+ ,lea!r1 & ,clo?s1 w be invaluable 9 any family4 ,,"p ,v4 is a complete ,in/ructor on ,horse ,%oe+1 tea*+ :at e ,own] ( a ,horse z well z e ,horse-,%o] %\ld "k4 ,?irty pages are devot$ to ! ,diseases ( & ,accid5ts to ! ,horses ,feet1 writt5 by a ,practic+ ,vet]9>ian ( successful exp]i5ce4 ,,"p ,,vi4 treats ( ,soap-,mak+ & is prep>$ z a ,guide = ,families & ,small ,manufactur]s4 ,x tells h[ to make all sorts ( ,pla91 ,fancy & ,m$ic9al ,soaps1 ,emulsions & o!r sub/itutes1 includ+ ,wa%+ ,fluids4 ,,"p ,,vii4 comprises a hundr$ pages on ,c&y-,mak+1 :i* w af=d ,pleasure & may easily be turn$ to ,pr(it4 ,complete in/ruction1 cov]+ ,syrups & ,creams1 ,pa/es & ,ices1 z well z ,c&y1 t x w s]ve ! ne$s ( ,confection]s z well z ,families4 ,,"p ,,viii4 is a ,practical ,treatise on ,bak+1 giv+ ,pla9 & ,explicit ,in/ructions = mak+ & ,bak+ ,e ,v>iety ( ,bread1 ,cake & ,crack]1 ,pies & ,pa/ry4 ,,"p ,,ix4 treats ( ,taxid]my & its k9dr$ ,arts1 be+ a ,practical ,work+ ,guide = ,collect+1 ,prep>+ & ,pres]v+ all k9ds ( ,animals1 ,birds1 ,reptiles1 ,insects1 ,etc4 ,! ,in/ruction is int5d$ = ,beg9n]s1 :o h _h no ,previ\s ,lessons or ,practice1 b x is s ,full & ?or\gh t ev5 exp]ts w f9d x ( value4 ,! ,"y ,folks w f9d 9 ^! pages ,equipm5t = a mo/ ,int]e/+ ,pa/ime t may easily be made ! s\rce ( a ,l>ge ,income4 ,add$ to all are ne>ly a ,hundr$ ,pages ( ,secrets ,wor? ,kn[+1 conta9+ a ,collection ( ,mo/ ,valuable ,recipes = ,mak+ ,all ,sorts ( ,articles t are 9 ,con/ant ,dem&1 & = :i* we h frequ5tly to pay ,exhorbitant ,prices4 ,?is book also conta9s a *apt] on ,tann+1 expla9+ h[ ,tann9 is obta9$2 ,salt+ ,hides2 ,tann+ ,sk9s ) ,fur on & sev]al processes = ,tann+ ,lea!r4 ,also a *apt] on ,,ru/ic ,,f5ces & ,,gates ) ,illu/rations ( same4 ,?is is b a ,b>e ,sugge/ion ( :at is conta9$ 9 ,?is ,rem>kable ,volume4 ,! ,in/ruction is all by ,exp]ts2 ! in=mation we ,gu>antee to be ,reliable4 ,no ,o!r ,twelve ,books 9 ! ,_w conta9s s mu* ( ,practical ,value4 #hgf ,pages4 ,l>ge #abmo4 ,b\nd 9 ,clo?4 ,price1 #b4ej po/paid4 ,address all ord]s to ,! ,we/]n ,pa9t] ,,*icago 99 99 99 99 99 ,,exactly ,,"r ,v>ni%es ,= ,c>riage ,pa9t]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,e4 ,s4 #ahbg ,,co #gf ,,ye>s' ,,exp]i5ce ,,9 ,,e ,,c4 ,,we>+ ,,body ,^: work+ qualities are n equal$4 ,less liable to trick ?an any o!r4 ,dries free ov] night4 ,c be run out 9 ?ree or f\r days4 ,,black ,,rubb+ ,unequal$ 9 int5sity ( color1 work+ qualities1 absolute uni=mity & ! p]fection ( surface obta9$4 ,,r\gh/uffs ,t produce ! be/ possible surface = ! color1 ) ! lea/ possible labor4 ,,edw>d ,,smi? ,,co41 ,,v>ni% ,,mak]s ,,& ,,color ,,gr9d]s4 #de ,broadway1 ,,new ,,york1 #ei ,m>ket ,/reet1 ,,*icago4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,lett] ,,patt]ns ,,= ,,c>riage ,,pa9t]s4 ,lett] ,patt]ns = ,c>riage ,pa9t+ are n[ us$ by exp]i5c$ workm5 :o want a "t-sav+ me?od1 z well z by beg9n]s :o h n "t to le>n ! trade by ! old way4 ,!y are cut f extra durable patt]n pap]1 & are all ready = use :5 !y rea* y4 ,ea* alphabet conta9s all ! lett]s & ! "* 4 ,to ,pa9t ,signs1 y %\ld place ! lett]s 9 position on ! bo>d to =m ! desir$ words1 m>k ) p5cil or crayon r\nd ea* lett] to get ! outl9e1 remove ! patt]n & pa9t 9 ! color4 ,to ,make a ,%ade3 ,aft] m>k+ out ! lett]1 drop y\r patt]n z l[ z necess>y & move to ! "r or left1 p5cil+ r\nd ! "r or left & bottom edges only2 n[1 ) a /raight-edge1 cut 9 ! corn]s on angle z %[n 9 cuts ( figure #e & #f4 ,! foll[+ cuts repres5t "s ( ! mo/ useful /yles1 ) sizes & prices ( ea* alphabet4 ,,block4 #b in* #ae;c #ab in* #j4hj ,,go?ic4 ,a #c #bj;c #ad #a4jj ,b #d #be;c #af #a4be #e #ce;c #ah #a4fj #f #de;c #bj #b4jj #h #fj;c #bd #b4ge #aj #ge;c ,,roman4 #b in* #bj;c #h in* #j4gj ,,tuscan4 ,n #c #be;c #aj 4#ij ,h #d #ce;c #ab #a4aj #e #de;c #ae #a4de #f #ee;c ,,egyptian4 #b in* #bj;c ,,slant ,,block4 ,t #c #be;c ,o #d #ce;c #e #de;c #f #ee;c #h #fe;c #aj #hj;c ,,full ,,block4 #c in* #j4cj ,,full ,b ,,slant4 ,d #d 4#dj ,b #e 4#ej #f 4#fj #h 4#ge #aj #a4jj ,,peak$4 #c in* #j4cj ,,fantail4 ,p #d 4#dj ,m #e 4#ej #f 4#fj #h 4#ge #aj #a4jj ,,mod]n #d in* #j4ce ,,*icago ,,art4 #e 4#de ,,favorite4 ,e #f 4#fj ,e #h 4#ge #aj #a4jj #ab #a4cf #ae #a4gj ,,de ,,v9ne ,,caps4 #c in* #j4ce #b in* #j4cj ,,de ,,v9ne ,r #d 4#de #c 4#dj ,,l[] ,,case4 #e 4#fj #c-a_/b 4#ej let #f 4#ge #d-a_/b 4#gj #h #a4jj #f 4#he #aj #a4ce ,to ord]4 #ab #a4gj ,,script4 #f in* ,capitals #a4jj ,fat ,l[] case to mat* 4#ge #i in* ,capitals #a4ej ,l[] case #a4jj #ab in* ,capitals #b4jj ,l[] case #a4ce ,,g]man ,,text4 #d in* ,capitals #j4he ,abc ,l[] case 4#fe #f in* ,caps #a4jj ,l[] case 4#ge #h in* ,caps #a4ej ,l[] case #a4jj ,,block4 #b in*1 p] set ( #aj #j4aj ,,roman4 #e #c 4#aj #f #d 4#ae #e 4#bj #f 4#be #h 4#ce #aj 4#dj #ab 4#ej ,/5cils ( any ( ! above alphabets ( ,lett] ,patt]ns w be cut on ! v be/ prep>$ ,/5cil ,pap] at d\ble ! price quot$ = ! patt]ns2 all /5cils are %ellac$ ready = use 9 oil or wat] colors4 ,,transf] ,,ornam5ts1 ,,or ,,decalcomanie1 h be5 us$ = s _m ye>s = ,c>riage & ,sign ,decoration t !y are n[ a /aple article 9 ! pa9t %op1 & ! ,transf] lett]s w soon be z popul>1 = any p]son :o c use "o c use ! o!r4 ,!y make elegant signs on wood1 t91 or any smoo? surface1 & ano!r k9d = ! inside ( glass are v f9e1 & gu>ante$ to we> z well1 or bett] ?an "w done by h& by ! mo/ exp]i5c$ sign writ]4 ,a li/ ( prices1 sizes1 & colors1 ) full directions = apply+1 w be f\nd on pages #db to #di ( my l>ge #fd-page catalogue1 :i* w be s5t ,,free to any p]son apply+ = same4 ,special ornam5ts1 trade-m>ks & o!r transf]s made to ord] 9 quantities4 ,we manufacture & sell all k9ds ( ,signs & ,sign ,lett]s 9 ,enamel ,alum9um1 ,wood1 etc4 ,if y wi% goods =w>d$ by mail be sure to s5d /amps or money to pay *>ges or !y w be s5t by express4 ,,wm4 ,,s$gwick1 #bfj ,cl>k ,/reet1 - - ,,*icago4 ,s5d = #fd-,page ,catalogue ( ,fresco ,/5cils1 ,signs & ,sign ,lett]s 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,k+ ,,pat5t ,,*isell$ ,,v>ni% ,,bru% ,illu/ration ,?is bru% is made on our full c5tre pat5t2 x is brass b\nd1 & ! greate/ pa9s tak5 9 ! selection ( /ock & mak+4 ,x n[ /&s at ! head ( ?is class ( bru%es1 be+ especially adapt$ to piano1 c>1 & coa* "w4 ,! ,k+ ,pat5t ,*isell$ ,v>ni% ,bru% ,! foll[+1 writt5 by "o :o is an ackn[l$g$ au?ority on ! subject ( v>ni%+1 w be ( int]e/ to ^? :o want ! be/ bru% made4 ,,! ,,k+ ,,v>ni% ,,bru%4 ,x is seldom t we s readily comm5d a new tool z1 9 ?is in/ance1 we d ! pat5t v>ni% bru% ( ,messrs4 ,john ,l4 ,:it+ ,son ,co41 ,bo/on1 ,mass41 :i* !y are n[ supply+ "u ! "n ( ',! ,k+4' ,x consi/s ( an oval bru% b\nd ) brass1 & hav+ its c5tre well fill$ ) bri/les4 ,! latt] is a new & c]ta9ly v desirable feature1 z no accumulation ( dirt or v>ni% gum c f9d a re/+ place4 ,! bri/les are ( ! be/ quality1 possess+ all ! desir$ ela/icity1 & appe> to be m firmly held 9 place ?an is ! case ) _m oval bru%es we h us$4 ,! bri/les are ev5ly di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! bru%1 & are n compress$ into a solid r+ or f]rule1 ar\nd a s-call$ res]voir = v>ni% or pa9t1 9 ! c5tre ( ! bru%4 ,^! res]voirs h nev] be5 a success1 & ! abs5ce ( "o 9 ',! ,k+' leads u to p>ticul>ly admire x1 = our exp]i5ce tea*es u t a bru% ) a solid bri/le c5tre w c>ry v>ni% bett] & keep 9 bett] ord] ?an "o hav+ a c5tral space or res]voir4 ,besides ?is1 su* a bru% w we> m ev5ly4 ,! bru% is p>ticul>ly adapt$ = v>ni%+ l>ge panels or ge>s1 & well m]its a trial by v>ni%]s4 ,f4 ,b4 ,,g>dn]4 ,if y are n us+ ,:it+'s ,bru%es give !m a trial & le>n _! sup]ior work+ qualities & economy1 ov] all o!r k9ds4 ,= in=mation address ! manufactur]s4 ,,john ,l4 ,,:it+ ,,son ,,co41 ,,bo/on1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we are ,headqu>t]s = ,c>riage ,pa9t]s' ,supplies ( e description ,we are ,ag5ts = ! foll[+ ,,specialties ,,coa* ,,colors ,,9 ,,japan ,manufactur$ by ! well-kn[n h\se ( ,wadswor?1 ,h[l& ,co41 7,inc47 ( ,bo/on1 ,mass4 ,s5d = ,sample ,book %[+ _m new colors4 ,,c>riage ,,v>ni%es ,made by ! same firm4 ,,engli% ,,v>ni%es ,made by ,robt4 ,+ham ,cl>k ,co41 ( ,london4 ,eng4 ,highe/ grade ,v>ni%es made4 ,,aug4 ,,buhne ,,co4',s ,,/eel ,,wool ,takes place ( ,s&pap]4 ,pumice /one4 ,samples ,free4 ,,faultless ,,v>ni% ,,remov] ,no alkali w n /a9 ! mo/ delicate wood4 ,try x4 ,sample c be s5t prepaid = #ce c5ts4 ,,coa* ,,& ,,c> ,,/rictly ,,pure ,,:ite ,,lead4 ,heavy body & f9ely gr\nd = ,c>riage ,pa9t]s4 ,write = quotations4 ,also a ,full ,l9e ( ,,bru%es ( e description4 ,,bronze ,,p[d] = /rip+ & l9+4 ,,*amois ,,sk9s ,engli% & ,fr5*4 ,,fill]s1 ,dry & ,gr\nd1 = ,r\gh ,/uff & ,ge> ,fill]s4 ,,leaf ,gold1 ,silv]1 ,alum9um4 ,,pumice ,,/one ,p[d]$1 ,lump & ,composition4 ,,rubb+ ,,felts ,all grades & ,?icknesses4 ,,sponges ,%eep's ,wool1 ,select$ =ms4 ,s5d = ,c>riage ,pa9t]s' ,net ,price-,li/4 ,x is ,,free4 ,,geo ,e4 ,,watson ,,co4 #ajh ,lake ,/reet ,,*icago 99 99 99 99 99 ,e/abli%$ #ahcb ,incorporat$ #ahhb ,,val5t9e ,,company ,,val5t9es ,,v>ni%es ,manufactur]s ( ,high ,grade ,,coa* ,,& ,,c> ,,v>ni%es ,,& ,,colors #beg ,broadway1 ,new ,york ,,*icago1 #bgg ,de>born ,/reet ,,bo/on1 #agj ,pur*ase ,/reet ,,p>is1 #ba ,rue de ,lappe ,,am/]dam1 ,pr9s5gra*t #gfb 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s note3 ,! "o footnote has be5 mov$ to ! end ( its *apt]4 ,illu/rations h be5 mov$ to p>agraph breaks ne> :]e !y are discuss$4 ,punctuation has be5 made consi/5t4 ,section names are inconsi/5t betwe5 ! table ( cont5ts1 *apt] head]s1 & actual section names4 ,v>iations 9 spell+ & hyph5ation 7 reta9$ z !y appe> 9 ! orig9al publication1 except t obvi\s typographical errors h be5 correct$4 ,page #ga3 ,! ref]5ce to page #ahd is to a page t does n exi/ 7on page #ahd may7 ,page #ajd3 ,! figure label$ ,o4 ,d4 ,t4 does n correspond to ! display$ monogram1 :i* appe>s to be ,o4 ,r4 ,t4