,,transcrib]',s ,,note ,?is is ,volume #a ( a #c-volume set4 ,! o!r two volumes are also ,italic text is d5ot$ by und]scores4 ,obvi\s typographical errors & punctuation errors h be5 correct$ aft] c>eful comp>ison ) o!r occurr5ces )9 ! text & consultation ( ext]nal s\rces4 ,m detail c be f\nd at ! end ( ! book4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b5jam9 ,,frankl91 ,l4,l4,d4 ,publi%'d ,april #a1 #ahjf2 by ,longman1 ,rees1 ,hur/1 ,orme1 ,pat]no/] ,r[4 ,! ,,works ,( ,,b5jam9 ,,frankl91 ,l4,l4,d4 ,,vol4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 7,engrav$ by ,w4 ,g4 ,cooke47 ,,pr9t$1 = ,longman1 ,hur/1 ,rees1 ,orme1 ,pat]no/] ,r[1 ,london4 ,,! ,,complete ,,works1 ,,9 ,,philosophy1 ,,politics1 ,,& ,,morals1 ,,( ,,! ,,late ,,dr4 ,,b5jam9 ,,frankl91 ,,n[ ,,fir/ ,,collect$ ,,& ,,arrang$3 ,,) ,,memoirs ,,( ,,8 ,,e>ly ,,life1 ,,writt5 ,,by ,,himself4 ,,9 ,,?ree ,,volumes4 ,,vol4 ,i4 ,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,= ,j4 ,,johnson1 ,,/4 ,,paul',s ,,*ur*-,,y>d2 ,,& ,,longman1 ,,hur/1 ,,rees ,,& ,,orme1 ,,pat]no/]-,,r[4 #ahjf4 ,,adv]tisem5t4 ,! works ( ,dr4 ,frankl9 h be5 (t5 p>tially collect$1 nev] be=e br\ght toge!r 9 "o uni=m publication4 ,! fir/ collection 0 made by ,mr4 ,pet] ,coll9son 9 ! ye> #agea4 ,x consi/$ ( lett]s1 communicat$ by ! au?or to ! editor1 on "o subject1 electricity1 & =m$ a pamphlet only1 ( :i* ! price 0 half-a-cr[n4 ,x 0 enl>g$ 9 #ageb1 by a second communication on ! same subject1 & 9 #aged1 by a ?ird1 till1 9 #agff1 by ! addition ( lett]s & pap]s on o!r philosophical subjects1 x am\nt$ to a qu>to volume ( #ejj pages4 ,t5 ye>s aft]1 9 #aggi1 ano!r collection 0 made1 by a diff]5t editor1 9 "o volume1 pr9t$ bo? 9 qu>to & octavo1 ( pap]s n conta9$ 9 ! prec$+ collection1 "u ! title ( ,political1 ,miscellane\s1 & ,philosophical ,pieces4 ,9 #aghg1 a ?ird collection appe>$ 9 a ?9 octavo volume1 entitl$ ,philosophical & ,miscellane\s ,pap]s4 ,& la/ly1 9 #agic1 a f\r? 0 publi%$1 9 two volumes1 cr[n octavo1 consi/+ ( ,memoirs ( ,dr4 ,frankl9's ,life1 & ,essays hum\r\s1 moral & lit]>y1 *iefly 9 ! ,mann] ( ! ,spectator4 ,9 ! pres5t volumes w be f\nd all ! diff]5t collections we h enum]at$1 toge!r ) ! v>i\s pap]s ( ! same au?or1 t h be5 publi%$ 9 sep>ate pamphlets1 or ins]t$ 9 =eign collections ( 8 works1 or 9 ! ,transactions ( our own or ( =eign philosophical societies1 or 9 our own or =eign newspap]s & magaz9es1 z f> z discov]able by ! editor1 :o has be5 assi/$ 9 ! rese>* by a g5tleman 9 ,am]ica4 ,among ^! pap]s "s1 we conceive1 w be new to ! ,engli% read] on ?is side ( ! ,atlantic2 p>ticul>ly a s]ies ( essays entitl$ ,! ,busy-,body1 writt51 z ,dr4 ,frankl9 tells u 9 8 ,life1 :5 he 0 an assidu\s imitator ( ,addison2 & a pamphlet1 entitl$ ,pla9 ,tru?1 ) :i* he is said to h comm5c$ 8 political c>e] z a writ]4 ,we hop$ to h be5 enabl$ to add1 :at w\ld h be5 equally new1 & /ill m acceptable1 a g5u9e copy ( ! ,life ( our au?or1 z writt5 by himself2 b 9 ?is hope we are disappo9t$1 & we are 9 consequ5ce oblig$ to cont5t ourselves ) a translation1 :i* has be5 already be=e ! public1 f a copy 9 ! ,fr5* language1 com+ no f>!r d[n ?an ! ye> #agca2 & a cont9uation ( 8 hi/ory f t p]iod1 by ! late ,dr4 ,/ub] ( ,philadelphia4 ,! "* ( ,dr4 ,frankl91 z a philosoph]1 a politician1 & a morali/1 is too well kn[n to require illu/ration1 & 8 writ+s1 f _! int]e/+ nature1 & ! fasc9at+ simplicity ( _! /yle1 are too highly e/eem$1 = any apology to be necess>y = s l>ge a collection ( !m1 unless x %\ld be deem$ necess>y by ! individual to :om ,dr4 ,frankl9 9 8 w consign$ 8 manuscripts3 & to him our apology w consi/ 9 a ref]5ce to 8 own extraord9>y conduct4 ,9 bequea?+ 8 pap]s1 x 0 no d\bt ! int5tion ( ! te/ator1 t ! _w %\ld h ! *ance ( be+ b5efit$ by _! publication4 ,x 0 s und]/ood by ! p]son 9 "q1 8 gr&son1 :o1 accord+ly1 %ortly aft] ! dea? ( 8 great relative1 ha/5$ to ,london1 ! be/ m>t = lit]>y prop]ty1 employ$ an amanu5sis = _m mon?s 9 copy+1 ransack$ our public libr>ies t no?+ might escape1 & at l5g? _h s f> prep>$ ! works ( ,dr4 ,frankl9 = ! press1 t proposals 7 made by him to sev]al ( our pr9cipal booksell]s = ! sale ( !m4 ,!y 7 to =m ?ree qu>to volumes1 & 7 to conta9 all ! writ+s1 publi%$ & unpubli%$1 ( ,frankl91 ) ,memoirs ( 8 ,life1 br\ght d[n by himself to ! ye> #ageg1 & cont9u$ to 8 dea? by ! legatee4 ,!y 7 to be publi%$ 9 ?ree diff]5t languages1 & ! c\ntries correspond+ to ^? languages1 ,france1 ,g]many1 & ,engl&1 on ! same day4 ,! t]ms ask$ = ! copyright ( ! ,engli% edition 7 high1 am\nt+ to sev]al ?\s& p\nds1 :i* occasion$ a little demur2 b ev5tually !y w\ld no d\bt h be5 obta9$4 ,no?+ m h[ev] 0 he>d ( ! proposals or ! "w1 9 ?is its fair m>ket4 ,! proprietor1 x seems1 _h f\nd a bidd] ( a diff]5t description 9 "s emiss>y ( gov]nm5t1 ^: object 0 to )hold ! manuscripts f ! _w1 n to b5efit x by _! publication2 & !y ?us ei!r pass$ into o!r h&s1 or ! p]son to :om !y 7 bequea!d receiv$ a remun]ation = suppress+ !m4 ,?is at lea/ has be5 ass]t$1 by a v>iety ( p]sons1 bo? 9 ?is c\ntry & ,am]ica1 ( :om "s 7 at ! "t intimate ) ! gr&son1 & n :olly unacqua9t$ ) ! ma*9ations ( ! m9i/ry2 & ! sil5ce1 :i* has be5 obs]v$ = s _m ye>s respect+ ! publication1 gives additional cr$ibility to ! report4 ,:at ! manuscripts conta9$1 t %\ld h excit$ ! jeal\sy ( gov]nm5t1 we are unable1 z we h nev] se5 !m1 positively to affirm2 b1 f ! conspicu\s "p act$ by ! au?or 9 ! ,am]ican revolution & ! w>s connect$ ) x1 x is by no means difficult to guess2 & ( ?is we are sure1 f 8 "*1 t no disposition ( 8 writ+s c\ld h be5 m contr>y to 8 int5tions or wi%es4 ,we h only to add1 t 9 ! pres5t collection1 :i* is probably all t w ev] be publi%$ ( ! works ( ?is extraord9>y man1 ! pap]s are me?odically arrang$1 ! moral & philosophical ones accord+ to _! subjects1 ! political ones1 z ne>ly z may be1 accord+ to _! dates2 t we h giv51 9 notes1 ! au?orities = ascrib+ ! diff]5t pieces to ,frankl92 t :]e no title exi/$1 to indicate ! nature ( a lett] or pap]1 we h prefix$ a title2 & la/ly1 t we h compil$ an index to ! :ole1 :i* is plac$ at ! beg9n+1 in/ead (1 z is usual1 at ! end ( ! "w1 to r5d] ! volumes m equal4 ,april #g1 #ahjf4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,vol4 ,i4 ,page4 ,,life ( ,dr4 ,,frankl9 #a ,,lett]s ,,& ,,pap]s ,,on ,,electricity4 ,introductory ,lett]4 #afi ,wond]ful effect ( po9ts4--,positive & negative electricity4--,electrical kiss4--,c\nt]feit spid]4--,simple & commodi\s electrical ma*9e4 #agj ,obs]vations on ! ,leyd5 bottle1 ) exp]im5ts prov+ ! diff]5t electrical /ate ( its diff]5t surfaces4 #agi ,fur!r exp]im5ts confirm+ ! prec$+ obs]vations4--,leyd5 bottle analys$4--,electrical batt]y4--,magical ,picture4--,electrical :eel or jack4--,electrical fea/4 #ahg ,obs]vations & suppositions1 t[>ds =m+ a new hypo!sis1 = expla9+ ! sev]al ph5om5a ( ?und]-gu/s4 #bjc ,introductory lett] to "s additional pap]s4 #baf ,op9ions & conjectures1 conc]n+ ! prop]ties & effects ( ! electrical matt]1 & ! means ( pres]v+ build+s1 %ips1 c4 f lightn+1 aris+ f exp]im5ts & obs]vations made at ,philadelphia1 #agdi4--;,gold5 fi%4--,extraction ( effluvial virtues by electricity impracticable4 #bag ,additional exp]im5ts3 prov+ t ! ,leyd5 bottle has no m electrical fire 9 x :5 *>g$1 ?an be=e3 nor less :5 dis*>g$3 t 9 dis*>g+1 ! fire does n issue f ! wire & ! coat+ at ! same "t1 z "s h ?\ght1 b t ! coat+ always receives :at is dis*>g$ by ! wire1 or an equal quantity3 ! out] surface be+ always 9 a negative /ate ( electricity1 :5 ! inn] surface is 9 a positive /ate4 #bde ,accumulation ( ! electrical fire prov$ to be 9 ! electrifi$ glass4--,effect ( lightn+ on ! ne$le ( compasses1 expla9$4--,gunp[d] fir$ by ! electric flame4 #bdg ,unlimit$ nature ( ! electric =ce4 #bej ,! t]ms1 electric p] se1 & non-electric1 improp]4--,new relation betwe5 metals & wat]4--,effects ( air 9 electrical exp]im5ts4--,exp]im5t = discov]+ m ( ! qualities ( ! electric fluid4 #beb ,mi/ake1 t only metals & wat] 7 conductors1 rectifi$4--,supposition ( a region ( electric fire above our atmosph]e4--,!orem conc]n+ light4--,poke-we$ a cure = canc]s4 #bef ,new exp]im5ts4--,p>adoxes inf]r$ f !m4--,diff]5ce 9 ! electricity ( a globe ( glass *>g$1 & a globe ( sulphur4--,difficulty ( asc]ta9+ :i* is positive & :i* negative4 #bfa ,probable cause ( ! diff]5t attractions & repulsions ( ! two electrifi$ globes m5tion$ 9 ! two prec$+ lett]s4 #bfd ,reasons = suppos+1 t ! glass globe *>ges positively1 & ! sulphur negatively4--,h9t respect+ a lea!r globe = exp]im5ts :5 travell+4 ibid4 ,electrical kite4 #bfg ,hypo!sis1 ( ! sea be+ ! gr& s\rce ( lightn+1 retract$4--,positive1 & sometimes negative1 electricity ( ! cl\ds discov]$4--,new exp]im5ts & conjectures 9 support ( ?is discov]y4--,obs]vations recomm5d$ = asc]ta9+ ! direction ( ! electric fluid4--,size ( rods = conductors to build+s4--,appe>ance ( a ?und]-cl\d describ$4 #bfi ,additional pro(s ( ! positive & negative /ate ( electricity 9 ! cl\ds4--,new me?od ( asc]ta9+ x4 #bhd ,electrical exp]im5ts1 ) an attempt to acc\nt = _! sev]al ph5om5a1 c4 #bhf ,exp]im5ts made 9 pursuance ( ^? made by ,mr4 ,canton1 dat$ ,decemb] #f1 #agec2 ) explanations1 by ,mr4 ,b5jam9 ,frankl94 #bid ,turkey kill$ by electricity4--,effect ( a %ock on ! op]ator 9 mak+ ! exp]im5t4 #bii ,diff]5ces 9 ! qualities ( glass4--,acc\nt ( ,domi51 an electrician & travell]4--,conjectures respect+ ! pores ( glass4--,orig9 ( ! au?or's idea ( draw+ d[n lightn+4--,no satisfactory hypo!sis respect+ ! mann] 9 :i* cl\ds become electrifi$4--,six m5 knock$ d[n at once by an electrical %ock4--,reflections on ! _s ( inv5tion4 #cja ,becc>ia's "w on electricity4--,s5tim5ts ( ,frankl9 on po9t$ rods1 n fully und]/ood 9 ,europe4--,effect ( lightn+ on ! *ur* ( ,newbury1 9 ,new ,engl&4--,rem>ks on ! subject4 #cji ,notice ( ano!r packet ( lett]s4 #cac ,extract ( a lett] f a g5tleman 9 ,bo/on1 to ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 ,esq4 conc]n+ ! crook$ direction1 & ! s\rce ( lightn+1 & ! swiftness ( ! electric fire4 #cad ,obs]vations on ! subjects ( ! prec$+ lett]4--,reasons = suppos+ ! sea to be ! gr& s\rce ( lightn+4--,reasons = d\bt+ ?is hypo!sis4--,improvem5t 9 a globe = rais+ ! electric fire4 #cbj ,effect ( lightn+ on capta9 ,waddel's compass1 & ! ,dut* *ur* at ,new ,york4 #cbd ,proposal ( an exp]im5t to measure ! "t tak5 up by an ,electric sp>k1 9 mov+ ?r\gh any giv5 space4 #cbg ,exp]im5ts on boil+ wat]1 & glass heat$ by boil+ wat]4--,doctr9e ( repulsion 9 electris$ bodies d\bt$4--,electricity ( ! atmosph]e at diff]5t heights4--,electrical horse-race4--,electrical !rmomet]4--,9 :at cases ! electrical fire produces heat4--,wire l5g!n$ by electricity4--,good effect ( a rod on ! h\se ( ,mr4 ,we/1 ( ,philadelphia4 #cca ,answ] to "s ( ! =ego+ subjects4--,h[ long ! ,leyd5 bottle may be kept *>g$4--,heat$ glass r5d]$ p]meable by ! electric fluid4--,electrical attraction & repulsion4--,reply to o!r subjects 9 ! prec$+ pap]4--,num]\s ways ( k9dl+ fire4--,explosion ( wat]4--,knobs & po9ts4 #cdc ,acc\nts f ,c>ol9a 7m5tion$ 9 ! =ego+ lett]7 ( ! effects ( lightn+ on two ( ! rods commonly affix$ to h\ses !re1 = secur+ !m aga9/ lightn+4 #cfa ,mr4 ,william ,ma9e's acc\nt ( ! effects ( ! lightn+ on 8 rod1 dat$ at ,indian ,l&1 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,aug4 #bh1 #agfj4 #cfb ,on ! electricity ( ! t\rmal94 #cfi ,new obs]vation relat+ to electricity 9 ! atmosph]e4 #cgc ,fla% ( lightn+ t /ruck ,/4 ,bride's /eeple4 #cgd ,be/ me?od ( secur+ a p[d] magaz9e f lightn+4 #cge ,( lightn+1 & ! me?ods 7n[ us$ 9 ,am]ica7 ( secur+ build+s & p]sons f its mis*iev\s effects4 #cgg ,/4 ,bride's /eeple4--,utility ( electrical conductors to ,/eeples4--,s+ul> k9d ( glass tube4 #chb ,exp]im5ts1 obs]vations1 & facts1 t5d+ to support ! op9ion ( ! utility ( long po9t$ rods1 = secur+ build+s f damage by /rokes ( lightn+4 #chc ,on ! utility ( electrical conductors4 #djj ,on ! effects ( electricity 9 p>alytic cases4 #dja ,electrical exp]im5ts on amb]4 #djc ,on ! electricity ( ! fogs 9 ,irel&4 #dje ,mode ( asc]ta9+1 :e!r ! p[]1 giv+ a %ock to ^? :o t\* ei!r ! ,sur9am eel1 or ! torp$o1 be electrical4 #djh ,on ! analogy betwe5 magnetism & electricity4 #daj ,conc]n+ ! mode ( r5d]+ meat t5d] by electricity4 #dac ,answ] to "s qu]ies conc]n+ ! *oice ( glass = ! ,leyd5 exp]im5t4 #daf ,conc]n+ ! ,leyd5 bottle4 #dah ,,app5dix4 ,no4 #a4 ,acc\nt ( exp]im5ts made 9 electricity at ,m>ly4 #dbj ,a m p>ticul> acc\nt ( ! same1 c4 #dbb ,lett] ( ,mr4 ,w4 ,watson1 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 to ! ,royal ,society1 conc]n+ ! electrical exp]im5ts 9 ,engl& ^u ?und]-cl\ds4 #dbg ,no4 #b4 ,rem>ks on ! ,abb ,nollet's ,lett]s to ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 ,esq4 ( ,philadelphia1 on electricity4 #dcj ,,li/ ,,( ,,! ,,plates ,,plate ,i4 ,electrical ,exp]im5ts fac+ page #ahb ,,plate ,,ii4 ,electrical ,air ,!rmomet] #ccf ,,plate ,,iii4 ,cav5di% ,exp]im5t #cdh ,,plate ,,iv4 ,lightn+ ,rod ,exp]im5ts #chh ,,errata4 ,page4 ,l9e4 #b #aj3 = true1 read me4 #e #e3 = 0 born1 read :o 0 born4 #bj #a3 = ,tryon1 read ,tyron's4 ib4 #g f ! bottom3 = put to blu%1 read put to ! blu%4 ib4 #d f ! bottom3 = myself1 read by myself4 #ae #d3 = collection1 read works4 #ba #i f ! bottom3 = or1 read nor4 #be #d f ! bottom3 = pasqu5ades1 read pasqu9ades4 #bh #g3 dele !4 ib4 #ab3 = pr9t]1 read a pr9t]4 #bh #c f ! bottom3 = my old fav\rite "w1 ,bunyan's ,voyages1 read my old fav\rite ,bunyan4 #dj #e3 = money1 read 9 money4 #dd #c3 = ,b]net1 read ,burnet4 ib4 #ag3 = unabl$1 read unable4 #ej #ai3 = +5u\s1 read +5i\s4 #fg #e3 dele bridge4 #hj #c f ! bottom3 = into1 read into :i*4 #bce #ba3 sub/itute = 994 #bfd #b3 = c\rse read cause4 ,,life ,,( ,,dr4 ,,b5jam9 ,,frankl94 ,,life ,,( ,,dr4 ,,b5jam9 ,,frankl91 c4 c4 ,,my ,,de> ,,son1 ,i h amus$ myself ) collect+ "s little anecdotes ( my family4 ,y may rememb] ! enquiries ,i made1 :5 y 7 ) me 9 ,engl&1 among su* ( my relations z 7 !n liv+2 & ! j\rney ,i und]took = t purpose4 ,to be acqua9t$ ) ! p>ticul>s ( my p>5tage & life1 _m ( :i* are unkn[n to y1 ,i flatt] myself w af=d ! same pleasure to y z to me4 ,i %all relate !m ^u pap]3 x w be an agreeable employm5t ( a week's un9t]rupt$ leisure1 :i* ,i promise myself dur+ my pres5t retirem5t 9 ! c\ntry4 ,!re are also o!r motives :i* induce me to ! und]tak+4 ,f ! bosom ( pov]ty & obscurity1 9 :i* ,i drew my fir/ brea?1 & sp5t my e>lie/ ye>s1 ,i h rais$ myself to a /ate ( opul5ce & to "s degree ( celebrity 9 ! _w4 ,a con/ant good =tune has att5d$ me ?r\gh e p]iod ( life to my pres5t advanc$ age2 & my desc5dants may be desir\s ( le>n+ :at 7 ! means ( :i* ,i made use1 & :i*1 ?anks to ! assi/+ h& ( provid5ce1 h prov$ s em95tly successful4 ,!y may also1 %\ld !y ev] be plac$ 9 a simil> situation1 d]ive "s advantage f my n>rative4 ,:5 ,i reflect1 z ,i frequ5tly d1 ^u ! felicity ,i h enjoy$1 ,i sometimes say to myself1 t1 7 ! (f] made me1 ,i w\ld engage to run aga91 f beg9n+ to end1 ! same c>e] ( life4 ,all ,i w\ld ask1 %\ld be ! privilege ( an au?or1 to correct1 9 a second edition1 c]ta9 errors ( ! fir/4 ,i c\ld wi%1 likewise if x 7 9 my p[]1 to *ange "s trivial incid5ts & ev5ts = o!rs m fav\rable4 ,7 ?is1 h[ev]1 d5i$ me1 /ill w\ld ,i n decl9e ! (f]4 ,b s9ce a repetition ( life _c take place1 !re is no?+ :i*1 9 my op9ion1 s ne>ly resembles x1 z to call to m9d all its circum/ances1 &1 to r5d] _! remembrance m durable1 commit !m to writ+4 ,by ?us employ+ myself1 ,i %all yield to ! incl9ation1 s natural 9 old m51 to talk ( !mselves & _! exploits1 & may freely foll[ my b5t1 )\t be+ tiresome to ^? :o1 f respect to my age1 might ?9k !mselves oblig$ to li/5 to me2 z !y w be at lib]ty to read me or n z !y please4 ,9 f9e--& ,i may z well av[ x1 s9ce nobody w\ld believe me 7 ,i to d5y x--,i %all p]haps1 by ?is employm5t1 gratify my vanity4 ,sc>cely inde$ h ,i ev] read or he>d ! introductory phrase1 ,i may say )\t vanity1 b "s /rik+ & *>act]i/ic in/ance ( vanity has imm$iately foll[$4 ,! g5]ality ( m5 hate vanity 9 o!rs1 h[ev] /rongly !y may be t9ctur$ ) x !mselves3 = myself1 ,i pay obeisance to x :]ev] ,i meet ) x1 p]suad$ t x is advantage\s1 z well to ! individual :om x gov]ns1 z to ^? :o are )9 ! sph]e ( its influ5ce4 ,( consequ5ce1 x w\ld 9 _m cases1 n be :olly absurd1 t a man %\ld c\nt 8 vanity among ! o!r sweets ( life1 & give ?anks to provid5ce = ! bless+4 ,& "h let me ) all humility ackn[l$ge1 t to div9e provid5ce ,i am indebt$ = ! felicity ,i h hi!rto enjoy$4 ,x is t p[] alone :i* has furni%$ me ) ! means ,i h employ$1 & t has cr[n$ !m ) success4 ,my fai? 9 ?is respect leads me to hope1 ?\gh ,i _c c\nt ^u x1 t ! div9e goodness w /ill be ex]cis$ t[>ds me1 ei!r by prolong+ ! duration ( my happ9ess to ! close ( life1 or by giv+ me =titude to support any melan*oly rev]se1 :i* may happ5 to me1 z to s _m o!rs4 ,my future =tune is unkn[n b to ,him 9 ^: h& is our de/9y1 & :o c make our v afflictions subs]vi5t to our b5efit4 ,"o ( my uncles1 desir\s1 l myself1 ( collect+ anecdotes ( our family1 gave me "s notes1 f :i* ,i h d]iv$ _m p>ticul>s respect+ our ance/ors4 ,f ^! ,i le>n1 t !y _h liv$ 9 ! same village 7,eaton 9 ,nor?ampton%ire17 ^u a freehold ( ab\t ?irty acres1 = ! space at lea/ ( ?ree hundr$ ye>s4 ,h[ long !y _h resid$ !re prior to t p]iod1 my uncle _h be5 unable to discov]2 probably ev] s9ce ! in/itution ( surnames1 :5 !y took ! appellation ( ,frankl91 :i* _h =m]ly be5 ! "n ( a p>ticul> ord] ( individuals4#a ,?is petty e/ate w\ld n h suffic$ = _! subsi/5ce1 _h !y n add$ ! trade ( blacksmi?1 :i* 0 p]petuat$ 9 ! family d[n to my uncle's "t1 ! elde/ son hav+ be5 uni=mly br\ght up to ?is employm5t3 a cu/om :i* bo? he & my fa!r obs]v$ ) respect to _! elde/ sons4 ,9 ! rese>*es ,i made at ,eaton1 ,i f\nd no acc\nt ( _! bir?s1 m>riages1 & dea?s1 e>li] ?an ! ye> #aeee2 ! p>i% regi/] n ext5d+ f>!r back ?an t p]iod4 ,?is regi/] in=m$ me1 t ,i 0 ! y\nge/ son ( ! y\nge/ bran* ( ! family1 c\nt+ five g5]ations4 ,my gr&fa!r1 ,?omas1 :o 0 born 9 #aeih1 liv$ at ,eaton till he 0 too old to cont9ue 8 trade1 :5 he retir$ to ,banbury 9 ,ox=d%ire1 :]e 8 son ,john1 :o 0 a dy]1 resid$1 & ) :om my fa!r 0 appr5tic$4 ,he di$1 & 0 buri$ !re3 we saw 8 monum5t 9 #ageh4 ,8 elde/ son liv$ 9 ! family h\se at ,eaton1 :i* he bequea!d1 ) ! l& belong+ to x1 to 8 only daught]2 :o1 9 conc]t ) h] husb&1 ,mr4 ,fi%] ( ,well+bor\gh1 aft]w>ds sold x to ,mr4 ,e/ead1 ! pres5t proprietor4 ,my gr&fa!r _h f\r surviv+ sons1 ,?omas1 ,john1 ,b5jam91 & ,josias4 ,i %all give y su* p>ticul>s ( !m z my memory w furni%1 n hav+ my pap]s "h1 9 :i* y w f9d a m m9ute acc\nt1 if !y are n lo/ dur+ my abs5ce4 ,?omas _h le>n$ ! trade ( a blacksmi? "u 8 fa!r2 b possess+ a good natural und]/&+1 he improv$ x by /udy1 at ! solicitation ( a g5tleman ( ! "n ( ,palm]1 :o 0 at t "t ! pr9cipal inhabitant ( ! village1 & :o enc\rag$1 9 l mann]1 all my uncles to cultivate _! m9ds4 ,?omas ?us r5d]$ himself compet5t to ! functions ( a c\ntry attorney2 soon became an ess5tial p]sonage 9 ! affairs ( ! village2 & 0 "o ( ! *ief mov]s ( e public ent]prise1 z well relative to ! c\nty z ! t[n ( ,nor?ampton4 ,a v>iety ( rem>kable incid5ts 7 told u ( him at ,eaton4 ,aft] enjoy+ ! e/eem & patronage ( ,"l ,halifax1 he di$1 ,janu>y #f1 #agjb1 precisely f\r ye>s be=e ,i 0 born4 ,! recital t 0 made u ( 8 life & "*1 by "s ag$ p]sons ( ! village1 /ruck y1 ,i rememb]1 z extraord9>y1 f its analogy to :at y knew ( myself4 ,_h he di$1 said y1 j f\r ye>s lat]1 "o might h suppos$ a transmigration ( s\ls4 ,john1 to ! be/ ( my belief1 0 br\ght up to ! trade ( a wool-dy]4 ,b5jam9 s]v$ 8 appr5tice%ip 9 ,london to a silk-dy]4 ,he 0 an indu/ri\s man3 ,i rememb] him well2 =1 :ile ,i 0 a *ild1 he jo9$ my fa!r at ,bo/on1 & liv$ = "s ye>s 9 ! h\se ) u4 ,a p>ticul> affection _h always subsi/$ betwe5 my fa!r & him2 & ,i 0 8 godson4 ,he arriv$ to a great age4 ,he left beh9d him two qu>to volumes ( poems 9 manuscript1 consi/+ ( little fugitive pieces address$ to 8 fri5ds4 ,he _h inv5t$ a %ort-h&1 :i* he taught me1 b hav+ nev] made use ( x1 ,i h n[ =gott5 x4 ,he 0 a man ( piety1 & a con/ant att5dant on ! be/ prea*]s1 ^: s]mons he took a pleasure 9 writ+ d[n accord+1 to ! exp$itory me?od he _h devis$4 ,_m volumes 7 ?us collect$ by him4 ,he 0 also extremely fond ( politics1 too mu* s1 p]haps1 = 8 situation4 ,i lately f\nd 9 ,london a collection :i* he _h made ( all ! pr9cipal pamphlets relative to public affairs1 f ! ye> #afda to #agag4 ,_m volumes are want+1 z appe>s by ! s]ies ( numb]s2 b !re /ill rema9 eight 9 folio1 & tw5ty-f\r 9 qu>to & octavo4 ,! collection _h fall5 into ! h&s ( a second-h& booksell]1 :o1 kn[+ me by hav+ sold me "s books1 br\ght x to me4 ,my uncle1 x seems1 _h left x beh9d him on 8 dep>ture = ,am]ica1 ab\t fifty ye>s ago4 ,i f\nd v>i\s notes ( 8 writ+ 9 ! m>g9s4 ,8 gr&son1 ,samuel1 is n[ liv+ at ,bo/on4 ,our humble family _h e>ly embrac$ ! ,re=mation4 ,!y rema9$ fai?fully atta*$ dur+ ! reign ( ,que5 ,m>y1 :5 !y 7 9 dang] ( be+ mole/$ on acc\nt ( _! zeal aga9/ pop]y4 ,!y _h an ,engli% bible1 &1 to conceal x ! m securely1 !y conceiv$ ! project ( fa/5+ x1 op51 ) pack-?reads across ! leaves1 on ! inside ( ! lid ( ! close-/ool4 ,:5 my great-gr&fa!r wi%$ to read to 8 family1 he rev]s$ ! lid ( ! close-/ool ^u 8 knees1 & pass$ ! leaves f "o side to ! o!r1 :i* 7 held d[n on ea* by ! pack-?read4 ,"o ( ! *ildr5 0 /ation$ at ! door1 to give notice if he saw ! proctor 7an (fic] ( ! spiritual c\rt7 make 8 appe>ance3 9 t case1 ! lid 0 re/or$ to its place1 ) ! ,bible conceal$ "u x z be=e4 ,i _h ?is anecdote f my uncle ,b5jam94 ,! :ole family pres]v$ its atta*m5t to ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& till t[>ds ! close ( ! reign ( ,*>les ,,ii4 :5 c]ta9 m9i/]s1 :o _h be5 eject$ z noncon=mi/s1 hav+ held conv5ticles 9 ,nor?ampton%ire1 !y 7 jo9$ by ,b5jam9 & ,josias1 :o adh]$ to !m ev] aft]4 ,! re/ ( ! family cont9u$ 9 ! episcopal *ur*4 ,my fa!r1 ,josias1 m>ri$ e>ly 9 life4 ,he w5t1 ) 8 wife & ?ree *ildr51 to ,new ,engl&1 ab\t ! ye> #afhb4 ,conv5ticles be+ at t "t prohibit$ by law1 & frequ5tly di/urb$1 "s consid]able p]sons ( 8 acqua9tance det]m9$ to g to ,am]ica1 :]e !y hop$ to enjoy ! free ex]cise ( _! religion1 & my fa!r 0 prevail$ on to accompany !m4 ,my fa!r _h also by ! same wife1 f\r *ildr5 born 9 ,am]ica1 & t5 o!rs by a second wife1 mak+ 9 all sev5te54 ,i rememb] to h se5 ?irte5 seat$ toge!r at 8 table1 :o all arriv$ to ye>s ( maturity1 & 7 m>ri$4 ,i 0 ! la/ ( ! sons1 & ! y\nge/ *ild1 except+ two daught]s4 ,i 0 born at ,bo/on 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,my "m1 ! second wife1 0 ,abiah ,folg]1 daught] ( ,pet] ,folg]1 "o ( ! fir/ coloni/s ( ,new ,engl&1 ( :om ,cotton ,ma!r makes hon\rable m5tion1 9 8 ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory ( t prov9ce1 z a pi\s & le>n$ ,engli%man1 if ,i rightly recollect 8 expressions4 ,i h be5 told ( 8 hav+ writt5 a v>iety ( little pieces2 b !re appe>s to be only "o 9 pr9t1 :i* ,i met ) _m ye>s ago4 ,x 0 publi%$ 9 ! ye> #afge1 & is 9 famili> v]se1 agreeably to ! ta/e ( ! times & ! c\ntry4 ,! au?or addresses himself to ! gov]nors = ! "t be+1 speaks = lib]ty ( consci5ce1 & 9 fav\r ( ! anabapti/s1 quak]s1 & o!r sect>ies1 :o _h suff]$ p]secution4 ,to ?is p]secution he attributes ! w> ) ! natives1 & o!r calamities :i* afflict$ ! c\ntry1 reg>d+ !m z ! judgm5ts ( ,god 9 puni%m5t ( s odi\s an (f5ce1 & he exhorts ! gov]nm5t to ! repeal ( laws s contr>y to *>ity4 ,! poem appe>$ to be writt5 ) a manly fre$om & a pleas+ simplicity4 ,i recollect ! six conclud+ l9es1 ?\gh ,i h =gott5 ! ord] ( words ( ! two fir/2 ! s5se ( :i* 01 t 8 c5sures 7 dictat$ by b5evol5ce1 & t1 ( consequ5ce1 he wi%$ to be kn[n z ! au?or2 because1 said he1 ,i hate f my v s\l dissimulation3 ,f ,%]burn1#b :]e ,i dwell1 ,i !re=e put my "n1 ,y\r fri5d1 :o means y well1 ,,pet] ,,folg]4 ,my bro!rs 7 all put appr5tices to diff]5t trades4 ,) respect to myself1 ,i 0 s5t1 at ! age ( eight ye>s1 to a gramm>-s*ool4 ,my fa!r de/9$ me = ! *ur*1 & already reg>d$ me z ! *apla9 ( ! family4 ,! promptitude ) :i* f my infancy ,i _h le>n$ to read1 = ,i d n rememb] to h be5 ev] )\t ?is acquirem5t1 & ! enc\ragem5t ( 8 fri5ds1 :o assur$ him t ,i %\ld "o day c]ta9ly become a man ( lett]s1 confirm$ him 9 ?is design4 ,my uncle ,b5jam9 approv$ also ( ! s*eme1 & promis$ to give me all 8 volumes ( s]mons1 writt51 z ,i h said1 9 ! %ort-h& ( 8 inv5tion1 if ,i w\ld take ! pa9s to le>n x4 ,i rema9$1 h[ev]1 sc>cely a ye> at ! gramm>-s*ool1 al?\gh1 9 ?is %ort int]val1 ,i _h ris5 f ! middle to ! head ( my class1 f !nce to ! class imm$iately above1 & 0 to pass1 at ! end ( ! ye>1 to ! "o next 9 ord]4 ,b my fa!r1 burd5$ ) a num]\s family1 f\nd t he 0 incapable1 )\t subject+ himself to difficulties1 ( provid+ = ! exp5ces ( a collegiate education2 & consid]+ besides1 z ,i he>d him say to 8 fri5ds1 t p]sons s educat$ 7 (t5 poorly provid$ =1 he r5\nc$ 8 fir/ int5tions1 took me f ! gramm>-s*ool1 & s5t me to a s*ool = writ+ & ari?metic1 kept by a ,mr4 ,george ,br[nwell1 :o 0 a skilful ma/]1 & succe$$ v well 9 8 pr(ession by employ+ g5tle means only1 & su* z 7 calculat$ to enc\rage 8 s*ol>s4 ,"u him ,i soon acquir$ an excell5t h&2 b ,i fail$ 9 ari?metic1 & made !re9 no sort ( progress4 ,at t5 ye>s ( age1 ,i 0 call$ home to assi/ my fa!r 9 8 occupation1 :i* 0 t ( a soap-boil] & tall[-*&l]2 a bus9ess to :i* he _h s]v$ no appr5tice%ip1 b :i* he embrac$ on 8 arrival 9 ,new ,engl&1 because he f\nd 8 own1 t ( dy]1 9 too little reque/ to enable him to ma9ta9 8 family1 ,i 0 accord+ly employ$ 9 cutt+ ! wicks1 fill+ ! m\lds1 tak+ c>e ( ! %op1 c>ry+ messages1 c4 ,?is bus9ess displeas$ me1 & ,i felt a /rong incl9ation = a sea life2 b my fa!r set 8 face aga9/ x4 ,! vic9ity ( ! wat]1 h[ev]1 gave me frequ5t opportunities1 ( v5tur+ myself bo? ^u & )9 x1 & ,i soon acquir$ ! art ( swimm+1 & ( manag+ a boat4 ,:5 emb>k$ ) o!r *ildr51 ! helm 0 commonly deput$ to me1 p>ticul>ly on difficult occasions2 &1 9 e o!r project1 ,i 0 almo/ always ! lead] ( ! troop1 :om ,i sometimes involv$ 9 emb>rassm5ts4 ,i %all give an in/ance ( ?is1 :i* demon/rates an e>ly disposition ( m9d = public ent]prises1 ?\gh ! "o 9 "q 0 n conduct$ by ju/ice4 ,! mill-pond 0 t]m9at$ on "o side by a m>%1 ^u ! bord]s ( :i* we 7 accu/om$ to take our /&1 at high wat]1 to angle = small fi%4 ,by d9t ( walk+1 we _h conv]t$ ! place into a p]fect quagmire4 ,my proposal 0 to erect a :>f t %\ld af=d u firm foot+2 & ,i po9t$ out to my companions a l>ge heap ( /ones1 int5d$ = ! build+ a new h\se ne> ! m>%1 & :i* 7 well adapt$ = our purpose4 ,accord+ly1 :5 ! workm5 retir$ 9 ! ev5+1 ,i assembl$ a numb] ( my play-fell[s1 & by lab\r+ dilig5tly1 l ants1 sometimes f\r ( u unit+ our /r5g? to c>ry a s+le /one1 we remov$ !m all1 & con/ruct$ our little quay4 ,! workm5 7 surpris$ ! next morn+ at n f9d+ _! /ones2 :i* _h be5 convey$ to our :>f4 ,enquiries 7 made respect+ ! au?ors ( ?is conveyance2 we 7 discov]$2 compla9ts 7 exhibit$ aga9/ u2 & _m ( u und]w5t correction on ! "p ( our p>5ts2 & ?\gh ,i /r5u\sly def5d$ ! utility ( ! "w1 my fa!r at l5g? conv9c$ me1 t no?+ :i* 0 n /rictly hone/ c\ld be useful4 ,x w n1 p]haps1 be un9t]e/+ to y to "k :at a sort ( man my fa!r 04 ,he _h an excell5t con/itution1 0 ( a middle size1 b well made & /rong1 & extremely active 9 :atev] he und]took4 ,he design$ ) a degree ( neatness1 & knew a little ( music4 ,8 voice 0 sonor\s & agreeable2 s t :5 he sung a psalm or hymn1 ) ! accompanim5t ( 8 viol91 z 0 8 frequ5t practice 9 an ev5+1 :5 ! lab\rs ( ! day 7 f9i%$1 x 0 truly delightful to he> him4 ,he 0 v]s$ also 9 me*anics1 & c\ld1 ^u occasion1 use ! tools ( a v>iety ( trades4 ,b 8 greate/ excell5ce 0 a s\nd und]/&+ & solid judgm5t1 9 matt]s ( prud5ce1 bo? 9 public & private life4 ,9 ! =m]1 inde$1 he nev] engag$1 because 8 num]\s family1 & ! m$iocrity ( 8 =tune1 kept him unremitt+ly employ$ 9 ! duties ( 8 pr(ession4 ,b ,i well rememb]1 t ! lead+ m5 ( ! place us$ frequ5tly to come & ask 8 advice respect+ ! affairs ( ! t[n1 or ( ! *ur* to :i* he belong$1 & t !y paid mu* def]5ce to 8 op9ion4 ,individuals 7 also 9 ! habit ( consult+ him 9 _! private affairs1 & he 0 (t5 *os5 arbit] betwe5 cont5d+ p>ties4 ,he 0 fond ( hav+ at 8 table1 z (t5 z possible1 "s fri5ds or well-in=m$ neighb\rs1 capable ( rational conv]sation1 & he 0 always c>eful to introduce useful or +5i\s topics ( disc\rse1 :i* might t5d to =m ! m9ds ( 8 *ildr54 ,by ?is means he e>ly attract$ our att5tion to :at 0 j1 prud5t1 & b5eficial 9 ! conduct ( life4 ,he nev] talk$ ( ! meats :i* appe>$ ^u ! table1 nev] discuss$ :e!r !y 7 well or ill dress$1 ( a good or bad flav\r1 high-season$ or o!rwise1 pref]able or inf]ior to ?is or t di% ( a simil> k9d4 ,?us accu/om$1 f my infancy1 to ! utmo/ inatt5tion z to ^! objects1 ,i h be5 p]fectly reg>dless ( :at k9d ( food 0 be=e me2 & ,i pay s little att5tion to x ev5 n[1 t x w\ld be a h>d matt] = me to recollect1 a few h\rs aft] ,i _h d9$1 ( :at my d9n] _h consi/$4 ,:5 travell+1 ,i h p>ticul>ly exp]i5c$ ! advantage ( ?is habit2 = x has (t5 happ5$ to me to be 9 company ) p]sons1 :o1 hav+ a m delicate1 because a m ex]cis$ ta/e1 h suff]$ 9 _m cases consid]able inconv5i5ce2 :ile1 z to myself1 ,i h _h no?+ to desire4 ,my "m 0 likewise possess$ ( an excell5t con/itution4 ,%e suckl$ all h] t5 *ildr51 & ,i nev] he>d ei!r h] or my fa!r compla9 ( any o!r disord] ?an t ( :i* !y di$3 my fa!r at ! age ( eighty-sev51 & my "m at eighty-five4 ,!y are buri$ toge!r at ,bo/on1 :]e1 a few ye>s ago1 ,i plac$ a m>ble ov] _! grave1 ) ?is inscription3 ,"h lie ,,josias ,,frankl9 & ,,abiah 8 wife3 ,!y liv$ toge!r ) reciprocal affection = fifty-n9e ye>s2 & )\t private =tune1 )\t lucrative employm5t1 by assidu\s lab\r & hone/ indu/ry1 dec5tly support$ a num]\s family1 & educat$ ) success1 ?irte5 *ildr51 & sev5 gr& *ildr54 ,let ?is example1 read]1 enc\rage !e dilig5tly to dis*>ge ! duties ( ?y call+1 & to rely on ! support ( div9e provid5ce1 ,he 0 pi\s & prud5t1 ,%e discreet & virtu\s4 ,_! y\nge/ son1 f a s5tim5t ( filial duty1 consecrates ?is /one to _! memory4 ,i p]ceive1 by my rambl+ digressions1 t ,i am gr[+ old4 ,b we d n dress = a private company z = a =mal ball4 ,?is des]ves1 p]haps1 ! "n ( neglig5ce4 ,to return4 ,i ?us cont9u$ employ$ 9 my fa!r's trade = ! space ( two ye>s2 t is to say1 till ,i arriv$ at twelve ye>s ( age4 ,ab\t ?is "t my bro!r ,john1 :o _h s]v$ 8 appr5tice%ip 9 ,london1 hav+ quitt$ my fa!r1 & be+ m>ri$ & settl$ 9 bus9ess on 8 own acc\nt at ,rhode ,isl&1 ,i 0 de/9$1 to all appe>ance to supply 8 place1 & be a c&le-mak] all my life3 b my dislike ( ?is occupation cont9u+1 my fa!r 0 appreh5sive1 t1 if a m1 agreeable "o 7 n (f]$ me1 ,i might play ! truant & escape to sea2 z1 to 8 extreme mortification1 my bro!r ,josias _h done4 ,he !re=e took me sometimes to see masons1 coop]s1 brazi]s1 jo9]s1 & o!r me*anics1 employ$ at _! "w2 9 ord] to discov] ! b5t ( my incl9ation1 & fix x if he c\ld ^u "s occupation t might reta9 me on %ore4 ,i h s9ce1 9 consequ5ce ( ^! visits1 d]iv$ no small pleasure f see+ skilful workm5 h&le _! tools2 & x has prov$ ( consid]able b5efit to h acquir$ !reby suffici5t k to be able to make little ?+s = myself1 :5 ,i h _h no me*anic at h&1 & to con/ruct small ma*9es = my exp]im5ts1 :ile ! idea ,i h conceiv$ has be5 fre% & /rongly impress$ on my imag9ation4 ,my fa!r at l5g? decid$ t ,i %\ld be a cutl]1 & ,i 0 plac$ = "s days ^u trial ) my c\s9 ,samuel1 son ( my uncle ,b5jam91 :o _h le>n$ ?is trade 9 ,london1 & _h e/abli%$ himself at ,bo/on4 ,b ! premium he requir$ = my appr5tice%ip displeas+ my fa!r1 ,i 0 recall$ home4 ,f my e>lie/ ye>s ,i _h be5 passionately fond ( read+1 & ,i laid out 9 books all ! money ,i c\ld procure4 ,i 0 p>ticul>ly pleas$ ) acc\nts ( voyages4 ,my fir/ acquisition 0 ,bunyan's works 9 small sep>ate volumes4 ,^! ,i aft]w>ds sold 9 ord] to buy an hi/orical collection by ,r4 ,burton1 :i* consi/$ ( small *eap volumes1 am\nt+ 9 all to ab\t =ty or fifty4 ,my fa!r's little libr>y 0 pr9cipally made up ( books ( practical & polemical !ology4 ,i read ! greate/ "p ( !m4 ,i h s9ce (t5 regrett$ t at a "t :5 ,i _h s great a ?ir/ = k1 m eligible books _h n fall5 into my h&s1 z x 0 !n a po9t decid$ t ,i %\ld n be educat$ = ! *ur*4 ,!re 0 also among my fa!r's books1 ,plut>*'s ,lives1 9 :i* ,i read cont9ually1 & ,i /ill reg>d z advantage\sly employ$ ! "t devot$ to !m4 ,i f\nd besides a "w ( ,de ,foe's1 entitl$ an ,essay on ,projects1 f :i*1 p]haps1 ,i d]iv$ impressions t h s9ce influ5c$ "s ( ! pr9cipal ev5ts ( my life4 ,my incl9ation = books at la/ det]m9$ my fa!r to make me a pr9t]1 ?\gh he _h already a son 9 t pr(ession4 ,my bro!r _h return$ f ,engl& 9 #agag1 ) a press & types1 9 ord] to e/abli% a pr9t+-h\se at ,bo/on4 ,?is bus9ess pleas$ me mu* bett] ?an t ( my fa!r1 ?\gh ,i _h /ill a pr$ilection = ! sea4 ,to prev5t ! effects :i* might result f ?is incl9ation1 my fa!r 0 impati5t to see me engag$ ) my bro!r4 ,i held back = "s "t2 at l5g?1 h[ev]1 ,i suff]$ myself to be p]suad$1 & sign$ my ind5tures1 be+ !n only twelve ye>s ( age4 ,x 0 agre$ t ,i %\ld s]ve z an appr5tice to ! age ( tw5ty-"o1 & %\ld receive j\rneyman's wages only dur+ ! la/ ye>4 ,9 a v %ort "t ,i made great pr(ici5cy 9 ?is bus9ess1 & became v s]viceable to my bro!r4 ,i _h n[ an opportunity ( procur+ bett] books4 ,! acqua9tance ,i necess>ily =m$ ) booksell]s' appr5tices1 enabl$ me to borr[ a volume n[ & !n1 :i* ,i nev] fail$ to return punctually & )\t injury4 ,h[ (t5 has x happ5$ to me to pass ! great] "p ( ! night 9 read+ by my b$-side1 :5 ! book _h be5 l5t me 9 ! ev5+1 & 0 to be return$ ! next morn+1 le/ x might be miss$ or want$6 ,at l5g?1 ,mr4 ,mat!w ,adams1 an +5i\s tradesman1 :o _h a h&some collection ( books1 & :o frequ5t$ our pr9t+-h\se1 took notice ( me4 ,he invit$ me to see 8 libr>y1 & _h ! goodness to l5d me any books ,i 0 desir\s ( read+4 ,i !n took a /range fancy = poetry1 & compos$ sev]al little pieces4 ,my bro!r1 ?9k+ he might f9d 8 acc\nt 9 x1 enc\rag$ me1 & engag$ me to write two ballads4 ,"o1 call$ ! ,light-h\se ,trag$y1 conta9$ an acc\nt ( ! %ipwreck ( capta9 ,wor?ilake & 8 two daught]s2 ! o!r 0 a sailor's song on ! capture ( ! not$ pirate call$ ,tea*1 or ,blackbe>d4 ,!y 7 wret*$ v]ses 9 po9t ( /yle1 m]e bl9d-m5's ditties4 ,:5 pr9t$1 he dispat*$ me ab\t ! t[n to sell !m4 ,! fir/ _h a prodigi\s run1 because ! ev5t 0 rec5t1 & _h made a great noise4 ,my vanity 0 flatt]$ by ?is success2 b my fa!r *eck$ my exultation1 by ridicul+ my productions1 & tell+ me t v]sifi]s 7 always poor4 ,i ?us escap$ ! mis=tune ( be+ a v wret*$ poet4 ,b z ! faculty ( writ+ prose has be5 ( great s]vice to me 9 ! c\rse ( my life1 & pr9cipally contribut$ to my advancem5t1 ,i %all relate by :at means1 situat$ z ,i 01 ,i acquir$ ! small skill ,i may possess 9 t way4 ,!re 0 9 ! t[n ano!r "y man1 a great lov] ( books1 ( ! "n ( ,john ,coll9s1 ) :om ,i 0 intimately connect$4 ,we frequ5tly engag$ 9 dispute1 & 7 inde$ s fond ( argum5tation1 t no?+ 0 s agreeable to u z a w> ( words4 ,?is cont5ti\s temp]1 ,i w\ld obs]ve by ! bye1 is 9 dang] ( becom+ a v bad habit2 & frequ5tly r5d]s a man's company insupportable1 z be+ no o!rwise capable ( indulg5ce ?an by an indiscrim9ate contradiction4 ,indep5d5tly ( ! acrimony & discord x introduces into conv]sation1 x is (t5 productive ( dislike1 & ev5 hatr$1 betwe5 p]sons to :om fri5d%ip is indisp5sibly necess>y4 ,i acquir$ x by read+1 :ile ,i liv$ ) my fa!r1 books ( religi\s controv]sy4 ,i h s9ce rem>k$1 t m5 ( s5se seldom fall into ?is error3 lawy]s1 fell[s ( univ]sities1 & p]sons ( e pr(ession educat$ at ,ed9burgh1 except$4 ,coll9s & ,i fell "o day into an argum5t1 relative to ! education ( wom52 namely1 :e!r x 0 prop] to in/ruct !m 9 ! sci5ces1 & :e!r !y 7 compet5t to ! /udy4 ,coll9s support$ ! negative1 & affirm$ t ! task 0 beyond _! capacity4 ,i ma9ta9$ ! opposite op9ion1 a little p]haps = ! pleasure ( disput+4 ,he 0 naturally m eloqu5t ?an ,i2 words fl[$ copi\sly f 8 lips2 & frequ5tly ,i ?\ght myself vanqui%$1 m by 8 volubility ?an by ! =ce ( 8 argum5ts4 ,we sep>at$ )\t com+ to an agreem5t ^u ?is po9t1 & z we 7 n to see ea* o!r aga9 = "s "t1 ,i committ$ my ?\ghts to pap]1 made a fair copy1 & s5t x him4 ,he answ]$1 & ,i repli$4 ,?ree or f\r lett]s _h be5 writt5 by ea*1 :5 my fa!r *anc$ to light ^u my pap]s & read !m4 ,)\t ent]+ into ! m]its ( ! cause1 he embrac$ ! opportunity ( speak+ to me ^u my mann] ( writ+4 ,he obs]v$1 t ?\gh ,i _h ! advantage ( my adv]s>y 9 correct spell+ & po9t+1 :i* ,i ow$ to my occupation1 ,i 0 greatly 8 inf]ior 9 elegance ( expression1 9 arrangem5t1 & p]spicuity4 ,( ?is he conv9c$ me by sev]al examples4 ,i felt ! ju/ice ( 8 rem>ks1 became m att5tive to language1 & resolv$ to make e ef=t to improve my /yle4 ,amid/ ^! resolves an odd volume ( ! ,spectator fell into my h&s4 ,?is 0 a publication ,i _h nev] se54 ,i b\ght ! volume1 & read x aga9 & aga94 ,i 0 en*ant$ ) x1 ?\ght ! /yle excell5t1 & wi%$ x 7 9 my p[] to imitate x4 ,) ?is view ,i select$ "s ( ! pap]s1 made %ort summ>ies ( ! s5se ( ea* p]iod1 & put !m = a few days aside4 ,i !n1 )\t look+ at ! book1 endeav\r$ to re/ore ! essays to _! due =m1 & to express ea* ?\ght at l5g?1 z x 0 9 ! orig9al1 employ+ ! mo/ appropriate words t occurr$ to my m9d4 ,i aft]w>ds comp>$ my ,spectator ) ! orig9al2 ,i p]ceiv$ "s faults1 :i* ,i correct$3 b ,i f\nd t ,i want$ a fund ( words1 if ,i may s express myself1 & a facility ( recollect+ & employ+ !m1 :i* ,i ?\ght ,i %\ld by t "t h acquir$1 _h ,i cont9u$ to make v]ses4 ,! cont9ual ne$ ( words ( ! same mean+1 b ( diff]5t l5g?s = ! measure1 or ( diff]5t s\nds = ! rhyme1 w\ld h oblig$ me to seek = a v>iety ( synonymes1 & h r5d]$ me ma/] ( !m4 ,f ?is belief1 ,i took "s ( ! tales ( ! ,spectator & turn$ !m into v]se2 & aft] a "t1 :5 ,i _h suffici5tly =gott5 !m1 ,i aga9 conv]t$ !m into prose4 ,sometimes also ,i m+l$ all my summ>ies toge!r2 & a few weeks aft]1 endeav\r$ to arrange !m 9 ! be/ ord]1 be=e ,i attempt$ to =m ! p]iods & complete ! essays4 ,?is ,i did ) a view ( acquir+ me?od 9 ! arrangem5t ( my ?\ghts4 ,on comp>+ aft]w>ds my p]=mance ) ! orig9al1 _m faults 7 app>5t1 :i* ,i correct$2 b ,i _h sometimes ! satisfaction to ?9k1 t1 9 c]ta9 p>ticul>s ( little importance1 ,i _h be5 =tunate en\gh to improve ! ord] ( ?\ght or ! /yle2 & ?is enc\rag$ me to hope t ,i %\ld succe$1 9 "t1 9 writ+ dec5tly 9 ! ,engli% language1 :i* 0 "o ( ! great objects ( my ambition4 ,! "t :i* ,i devot$ to ^! ex]cises1 & to read+1 0 ! ev5+ aft] my day's lab\r 0 f9i%$1 ! morn+ be=e x began1 & ,sundays :5 ,i c\ld escape att5d+ div9e s]vice4 ,:ile ,i liv$ ) my fa!r1 he _h insi/$ on my punctual att5dance on public wor%ip1 & ,i /ill inde$ consid]$ x z a duty1 b a duty :i* ,i ?\ght ,i _h no "t to practise4 ,:5 ab\t sixte5 ye>s ( age1 a "w ( ,tyron's fell into my h&s1 9 :i* he recomm5ds vegetable diet4 ,i det]m9$ to obs]ve x4 ,my bro!r be+ a ba*elor1 did n keep h\se1 b bo>d$ ) 8 appr5tices 9 a neighb\r+ family4 ,my refus+ to eat animal food 0 f\nd inconv5i5t1 & ,i 0 (t5 scold$ = my s+ul>ity4 ,i att5d$ to ! mode 9 :i* ,tryon prep>$ "s ( 8 di%es1 p>ticul>ly h[ to boil potatoes & rice1 & make ha/y pudd+s4 ,i !n said to my bro!r1 t if he w\ld all[ me p] week half :at he paid = my bo>d1 ,i w\ld und]take to ma9ta9 myself4 ,! (f] 0 in/antly embrac$1 & ,i soon f\nd t ( :at he gave me1 ,i 0 able to save half4 ,?is 0 a new fund = ! pur*ase ( books2 & o!r advantages result$ to me f ! plan4 ,:5 my bro!r & 8 workm5 left ! pr9t+-h\se to g to d9n]1 ,i rema9$ beh9d2 & dispat*+ my frugal meal1 :i* frequ5tly consi/$ ( a biscuit only1 or a slice ( bread & a bun* ( rais9s1 or a bun f ! pa/ry-cook's1 ) a glass ( wat]1 ,i _h ! re/ ( ! "t1 till _! return1 = /udy2 & my progress !re9 0 proportion$ to t cle>ness ( ideas1 & quickness ( conception1 :i* are ! fruit ( temp]ance 9 eat+ & dr9k+4 ,x 0 ab\t ?is p]iod1 t hav+ "o day be5 put to ! blu% = my ignorance 9 ! art ( calculation1 :i* ,i _h twice fail$ to le>n :ile at s*ool1 ,i took ,cock]'s ,treatise ( ,ari?metic1 & w5t ?r\gh x by myself ) ! utmo/ ease4 ,i also read a book ( navigation by ,sell] & ,/urmy1 & made myself ma/] ( ! little geometry x conta9s1 b ,i nev] proce$$ f> 9 ?is sci5ce4 ,ne>ly at ! same "t ,i read ,locke on ! ,human ,und]/&+1 & ! ,art ( ,?9k+1 by ,messrs4 du ,port ,royal4 ,:ile lab\r+ to =m & improve my /yle1 ,i met ) an ,engli% ,gramm>1 :i* ,i believe 0 ,gre5wood's1 hav+ at ! end ( x two little essays on rhetoric & logic4 ,9 ! latt] ,i f\nd a model ( disputation1 aft] ! mann] ( ,socrates4 ,%ortly aft] ,i procur$ ,x5ophon's "w1 entitl$ ,memorable ,?+s ( ,socrates1 9 :i* are v>i\s examples ( ! same me?od4 ,*>m$ to a degree ( en?usiasm ) ?is mode ( disput+1 ,i adopt$ x1 & r5\nc+ blunt contradiction1 & direct & positive argum5t1 ,i assum$ ! "* ( an humble que/ion]4 ,! p]usal ( ,%aftsbury & ,coll9s _h made me a sceptic2 & be+ previ\sly s z to _m doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity1 ,i f\nd ,socrates's me?od to be bo? safe/ = myself1 z well z ! mo/ emb>rass+ to ^? aga9/ :om ,i employ$ x4 ,x soon af=d$ me s+ul> pleasure2 ,i incessantly practis$ x2 & became v adroit 9 obta9+1 ev5 f p]sons ( sup]ior und]/&+1 concessions ( :i* !y did n =esee ! consequ5ce4 ,?us ,i involv$ !m 9 difficulties f :i* !y 7 unable to extricate !mselves1 & sometimes obta9$ victories1 :i* nei!r my cause nor my argum5ts m]it$4 ,?is me?od ,i cont9u$ to employ = "s ye>s2 b ,i aft]w>ds ab&on$ x by degrees1 reta9+ only ! habit ( express+ myself ) mode/ diffid5ce1 & nev] mak+ use1 :5 ,i advanc$ any proposition :i* might be controv]t$1 ( ! words c]ta9ly1 und\bt$ly1 or any o!rs t might give ! appe>ance ( be+ ob/9ately atta*$ to my op9ion4 ,i r said1 ,i imag9e1 ,i suppose1 or x appe>s to me1 t su* a ?+ is s or s1 = su* & su* reasons2 or x is s1 if ,i am n mi/ak54 ,?is habit has1 ,i ?9k1 be5 ( consid]able advantage to me1 :5 ,i h _h occasion to impress my op9ion on ! m9ds ( o!rs1 & p]suade !m to ! adoption ( ! measures ,i h sugge/$4 ,& s9ce ! *ief ends ( conv]sation are1 to in=m or be in=m$1 to please or to p]suade1 ,i c\ld wi% t intellig5t or well-mean+ m5 w\ld n !mselves dim9i% ! p[] !y possess ( be+ useful1 by a positive & presumptu\s mann] ( express+ !mselves1 :i* sc>cely ev] fails to disgu/ ! he>]1 & is only calculat$ to excite opposition1 & defeat e purpose = :i* ! faculty ( spee* has be5 be/[$ on man4 ,9 %ort1 if y wi% to in=m1 a positive & dogmatical mann] ( advanc+ y\r op9ion may provoke contradiction1 & prev5t y\r be+ he>d ) att5tion4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if1 ) a desire ( be+ in=m$1 & ( b5efit+ by ! k ( o!rs1 y express y\rselves z be+ /rongly atta*$ to y\r own op9ions1 mode/ & s5sible m51 :o d n love disputation1 w leave y 9 tranquil possession ( y\r errors4 ,by foll[+ su* a me?od1 y c r>ely hope to please y\r auditors1 conciliate _! good-w1 or "w conviction on ^? :om y may be desir\s ( ga9+ ov] to y\r views4 ,pope judici\sly obs]ves1 ,m5 mu/ be taught1 z if y taught !m n1 ,& ?+s unkn[n propos'd--z ?+s =got4 ,& 9 ! same poem he aft]w>ds advises u ,to speak1 ?\gh sure1 ) seem+ diffid5ce4 ,he might h add$ to ^! l9es1 "o t he has c\pl$ else:]e1 9 my op9ion1 ) less propriety4 ,x is ?is3 ,= want ( mode/y is want ( s5se4 ,if y ask :y ,i say ) less propriety1 ,i mu/ give y ! two l9es toge!r3 ,immode/ words admit ( no def5ce1 ,= want ( dec5cy is want ( s5se4 ,n[ want ( s5se1 :5 a man has ! mis=tune to be s circum/anc$1 is x n a k9d ( excuse = want ( mode/y8 ,& w\ld n ! v]ses h be5 m accurate if !y _h be5 con/ruct$ ?us3 ,immode/ words admit b ?is def5ce1 ,t want ( dec5cy is want ( s5se4 ,b ,i leave ! decision ( ?is to bett] judges ?an myself4 ,9 #agbj1 or #agba1 my bro!r began to pr9t a new public pap]4 ,x 0 ! second t made its appe>ance 9 ,am]ica1 & 0 entitl$1 ,! ,new ,engl& ,c\rant4 ,! only "o t exi/$ be=e 0 ! ,bo/on ,news ,lett]4 ,"s ( 8 fri5ds1 ,i rememb]1 w\ld h dissuad$ him f ?is und]tak+1 z a ?+ t 0 n likely to succe$2 a s+le newspap] be+1 9 _! op9ion1 suffici5t = all ,am]ica4 ,at pres5t1 h[ev]1 9 #agga1 !re are no less ?an tw5ty-five4 ,b he c>ri$ 8 project into execution1 & ,i 0 employ$ 9 di/ribut+ ! copies to 8 cu/om]s1 aft] hav+ assi/$ 9 compos+ & work+ !m (f4 ,among 8 fri5ds he _h a numb] ( lit]>y *>act]s1 :o1 z an amusem5t1 wrote %ort essays = ! pap]1 :i* gave x reputation & increas$ ! sale4 ,^! g5tlem5 frequ5tly came to our h\se4 ,i he>d ! conv]sation t pass$1 & ! acc\nts !y gave ( ! fav\rable reception ( _! writ+s ) ! public4 ,i 0 tempt$ to try my h& among !m2 b1 be+ /ill a *ild z x 71 ,i 0 fe>ful t my bro!r might be unwill+ to pr9t 9 8 pap] any p]=mance ( :i* he %\ld "k me to be ! au?or4 ,i !re=e contriv$ to disguise my h&1 & hav+ writt5 an anonym\s piece1 ,i plac$ x at night "u ! door ( ! pr9t+-h\se1 :]e x 0 f\nd ! next morn+4 ,my bro!r communicat$ x to 8 fri5ds1 :5 !y came z usual to see him1 :o read x1 comm5t$ ^u x )9 my he>+1 & ,i _h ! exquisite pleasure to f9d t x met ) _! approbation1 & t 9 ! v>i\s conjectures !y made respect+ ! au?or1 no "o 0 m5tion$ :o did n enjoy a high reputation 9 ! c\ntry = tal5ts & g5ius4 ,i n[ suppos$ myself =tunate 9 my judges1 & began to suspect t !y 7 n su* excell5t writ]s z ,i _h hi!rto suppos$ !m4 ,be ?is z x may1 enc\rag$ by ?is little adv5ture1 ,i wrote1 & s5t to press 9 ! same way1 _m o!r pieces1 :i* 7 equally approv$3 keep+ ! secret till my sl5d] /ock ( in=mation & k = su* p]=mances 0 pretty completely exhau/$1 :5 ,i made myself kn[n4 ,my bro!r1 ^u ?is discov]y1 began to ent]ta9 a little m respect = me2 b he /ill reg>d$ himself z my ma/]1 & treat$ me z an appr5tice4 ,he ?\ght himself entitl$ to ! same s]vices f me1 z f any o!r p]son4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,i conceiv$ t 9 _m in/ances1 he 0 too rigor\s1 & t1 on ! "p ( a bro!r1 ,i _h a "r to expect great] indulg5ce4 ,our disputes 7 frequ5tly br\ght be=e my fa!r2 & ei!r my bro!r 0 g5]ally wrong1 or ,i 0 ! bett] plead] ( ! two1 = judgm5t 0 commonly giv5 9 my fav\r4 ,b my bro!r 0 passionate1 & (t5 _h rec\rse to bl[s--a circum/ance :i* ,i took 9 v ill "p4 ,?is sev]e & tyrannical treatm5t contribut$1 ,i believe1 to impr9t on my m9d t av]sion to arbitr>y p[]1 :i* dur+ my :ole life ,i h ev] pres]v$4 ,my appr5tice%ip became insupportable to me1 & ,i cont9ually sigh$ = an opportunity ( %ort5+ x1 :i* at l5g? unexpect$ly (f]$4 ,an article ins]t$ 9 our pap]1 ^u "s political subject :i* ,i h n[ =gott51 gave (f5ce to ! assembly4 ,my bro!r 0 tak5 into cu/ody1 c5sur$1 & ord]$ into conf9em5t = a mon?1 because1 z ,i presume1 he w\ld n discov] ! au?or4 ,i 0 also tak5 up1 & exam9$ be=e ! c\ncil2 b ?\gh ,i gave !m no satisfaction1 !y cont5t$ !mselves ) reprim&+1 & !n dismiss$ me2 consid]+ me probably z b\nd1 9 quality ( appr5tice1 to keep my ma/]'s secrets4 ,! imprisonm5t ( my bro!r k9dl$ my res5tm5t1 not)/&+ our private qu>rels4 ,dur+ its cont9uance1 ! managem5t ( ! pap] 0 entru/$ to me1 & ,i 0 bold en\gh to ins]t "s pasqu9ades aga9/ ! gov]nors1 :i* highly pleas$ my bro!r1 :ile o!rs began to look ^u me 9 an unfav\rable po9t ( view1 consid]+ me z a "y wit incl9$ to satire & lampoon4 ,my bro!r's enl>gem5t 0 accompani$ ) an arbitr>y ord] f ! h\se ( ! assembly1 ,t ,james ,frankl9 %\ld no long] pr9t ! newspap] entitl$ ',! ,new ,engl& ,c\rant4' ,9 ?is conjuncture1 we held a consultation ( our fri5ds at ! pr9t+-h\se1 9 ord] to det]m9e :at 0 prop] to be done4 ,"s propos$ to evade ! ord]1 by *ang+ ! title ( ! pap]3 b my bro!r1 =esee+ inconv5i5ces t w\ld result f ?is /ep1 ?\ght x bett] t x %\ld be 9 future pr9t$ 9 ! "n ( ,b5jam9 ,frankl92 & to avoid ! c5sure ( ! assembly1 :o might *>ge him ) /ill pr9t+ ! pap] himself "u ! "n ( 8 appr5tice1 x 0 resolv$ t my old ind5tures %\ld be giv5 up to me1 ) a full & entire dis*>ge writt5 on ! back1 9 ord] to be produc$ ^u an em]g5cy2 b t1 to secure to my bro!r ! b5efit ( my s]vice1 ,i %\ld sign a new contract1 :i* %\ld be kept secret dur+ ! rema9d] ( ! t]m4 ,?is 0 a v %all[ arrangem5t4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 c>ri$ into imm$iate execution1 & ! pap] cont9u$1 9 consequ5ce1 to make its appe>ance = "s mon?s 9 my "n4 ,at l5g? a new diff]5ce aris+ betwe5 my bro!r & me1 ,i v5tur$ to take advantage ( my lib]ty1 presum+ t he w\ld n d>e to produce ! new contract4 ,x 0 und\bt$ly di%on\rable to avail myself ( ?is circum/ance1 & ,i reckon ?is action z "o ( ! fir/ errors ( my life2 b ,i 0 little capable ( e/imat+ x at its true value1 embitt]$ z my m9d _h be5 by ! recollection ( ! bl[s ,i _h receiv$4 ,exclusively ( 8 passionate treatm5t ( me1 my bro!r 0 by no means a man ( an ill temp]1 & p]haps my mann]s _h too mu* imp]t95ce n to af=d x a v natural pretext4 ,:5 he knew t x 0 my det]m9ation to quit him1 he wi%$ to prev5t my f9d+ employm5t else:]e4 ,he w5t to all ! pr9t+-h\ses 9 ! t[n1 & prejudic$ ! ma/]s aga9/ me--:o accord+ly refus$ to employ me4 ,! idea !n sugge/$ itself to me ( go+ to ,new ,york1 ! ne>e/ t[n 9 :i* !re 0 a pr9t+-(fice4 ,f>!r reflection confirm$ me 9 ! design ( leav+ ,bo/on1 :]e ,i _h already r5d]$ myself an object ( suspicion to ! gov]n+ p>ty4 ,x 0 probable1 f ! arbitr>y proce$+s ( ! assembly 9 ! affair ( my bro!r1 t1 by rema9+1 ,i %\ld soon h be5 expos$ to difficulties1 :i* ,i _h ! great] reason to appreh5d1 z1 f my indiscreet disputes ^u ! subject ( religion1 ,i began to be reg>d$ by pi\s s\ls ) horror1 ei!r z an apo/ate or an a!i/4 ,i came1 !re=e1 to a resolution3 b my fa!r1 9 ?is in/ance sid+ ) my bro!r1 presum$ t if ,i attempt$ to dep>t op5ly1 measures w\ld be tak5 to prev5t me4 ,my fri5d ,coll9s und]took to fav\r my flight4 ,he agre$ = my passage ) ! capta9 ( a ,new ,york sloop1 to :om he repres5t$ me z a "y man ( 8 acqua9tance1 :o _h an affair ) a girl ( bad "*1 ^: p>5ts wi%$ to compel me to m>ry h]1 & t ( consequ5ce ,i c\ld nei!r make my appe>ance1 nor g (f publicly4 ,i sold "p ( my books to procure a small sum ( money1 & w5t privately on bo>d ! sloop4 ,by fav\r ( a good w9d1 ,i f\nd myself 9 ?ree days at ,new ,york1 ne>ly ?ree hundr$ miles f my home1 at ! age only ( sev5te5 ye>s1 )\t kn[+ an individual 9 ! place1 & ) v little money 9 my pocket4 ,! incl9ation ,i _h felt = a sea-f>+ life _h entirely subsid$1 or ,i %\ld n[ h be5 able to gratify x2 b hav+ ano!r trade1 & believ+ myself to be a tol]able workman1 ,i hesitat$ n to (f] my s]vices to old ,mr4 ,william ,brad=d1 :o _h be5 ! fir/ pr9t] 9 ,p5nsylvania1 b _h quitt$ t prov9ce on acc\nt ( a qu>rel ) ,george ,kei?1 ! gov]nor4 ,he c\ld n give me employm5t himself1 hav+ little to d1 & already z _m p]sons z he want$2 b he told me t 8 son1 a pr9t] at ,philadelphia1 _h lately lo/ 8 pr9cipal workman1 ,aquilla ,rose1 :o 0 dead1 & t if ,i w\ld g ?i!r1 he believ$ t he w\ld engage me4 ,philadelphia 0 a hundr$ miles f>!r4 ,i hesitat$ n to emb>k 9 a boat 9 ord] to repair1 by ! %orte/ cut ( ! sea1 to ,amboy1 leav+ my trunk & effects to come aft] me by ! usual & m t$i\s conveyance4 ,9 cross+ ! bay we met ) a squall1 :i* %att]$ to pieces our rott5 sails1 prev5t$ u f ent]+ ! ,kill1 & ?rew u ^u ,long ,isl&4 ,dur+ ! squall1 a drunk5 ,dut*man1 :o l myself 0 a pass5g] 9 ! boat1 fell into ! sea4 ,at ! mom5t t he 0 s9k+1 ,i seiz$ him by ! =e-top1 sav$ him1 & drew him on bo>d4 ,?is imm]sion sob]$ him a little1 s t he fell asleep1 aft] hav+ tak5 f 8 pocket a volume1 :i* he reque/$ me to dry4 ,?is volume ,i f\nd to be my old fav\rite ,bunyan1 9 ,dut*1 a beautiful impression on f9e pap]1 ) copp]-plate engrav+s--a dress 9 :i* ,i _h nev] se5 x 9 its orig9al language4 ,i h s9ce le>n$ t x has be5 translat$ into almo/ all ! languages ( ,europe1 & next to ! ,bible1 ,i am p]suad$1 x is "o ( ! books :i* has _h ! greate/ spread4 ,hone/ ,john is ! fir/1 t ,i "k (1 :o has mix$ n>rative & dialogue toge!r2 a mode ( writ+ v engag+ to ! read]1 :o 9 ! mo/ int]e/+ passages1 f9ds himself admitt$ z x 7 into ! company1 & pres5t at ! conv]sation4 ,de ,foe has imitat$ x ) success 9 8 ,rob9son ,crusoe1 8 ,moll ,fl&]s1 & o!r works2 z also ,ri*>dson 9 8 ,pamela1 c4 ,9 approa*+ ! isl&1 we f\nd t we _h made a "p ( ! coa/ :]e x 0 n possible to l&1 on acc\nt ( ! /rong break]s produc$ by ! rocky %ore4 ,we ca/ an*or & ve]$ ! cable t[>ds ! %ore4 ,"s m51 :o /ood ^u ! br9k1 hallo$ to u1 :ile we did ! same on our "p2 b ! w9d 0 s high1 & ! waves s noisy1 t we c\ld nei!r ( u he> ea* o!r4 ,!re 7 "s canoes ^u ! bank1 & we call$ out to !m1 & made signs to prevail on !m to come & take u up2 b ei!r !y did n und]/& u1 or !y deem$ our reque/ impracticable1 & )drew4 ,night came on1 & no?+ rema9$ = u b to wait quietly ! subsid+ ( ! w9d2 till :51 we det]m9$1 t is1 ! pilot & ,i1 to sleep if possible4 ,= t purpose we w5t bel[ ! hat*es along ) ! ,dut*man1 :o 0 dr5*$ ) wat]4 ,! sea broke ov] ! boat1 & rea*$ u 9 our retreat1 s t we 7 pres5tly z completely dr5*$ z he4 ,we _h v little repose dur+ ! :ole night3 b ! w9d abat+ ! next day1 we succe$$ 9 rea*+ ,amboy be=e x 0 d>k1 aft] hav+ pass$ ?irty h\rs )\t provisions1 & ) no o!r dr9k ?an a bottle ( bad rum1 ! wat] ^u :i* we r[$ be+ salt4 ,9 ! ev5+ ,i w5t to b$ ) a v viol5t fev]4 ,i _h some:]e read t cold wat]1 drank pl5tifully1 0 a rem$y 9 su* cases4 ,i foll[$ ! prescription1 0 9 a pr(use sweat = ! great] "p ( ! night1 & ! fev] left me4 ,! next day ,i cross$ ! riv] 9 a f]ryboat1 & cont9u$ my j\rney on foot4 ,i _h fifty miles to walk1 9 ord] to rea* ,burl+ton1 :]e ,i 0 told ,i %\ld f9d passage-boats t w\ld convey me to ,philadelphia4 ,x ra9$ h>d ! :ole day1 s t ,i 0 wet to ! sk94 ,f9d+ myself fatigu$ ab\t noon1 ,i /opp$ at a paltry inn1 :]e ,i pass$ ! re/ ( ! day & ! :ole night1 beg9n+ to regret t ,i _h quitt$ my home4 ,i made besides s wret*$ a figure1 t ,i 0 suspect$ to be "s runaway s]vant4 ,?is ,i discov]$ by ! que/ions t 7 ask$ me2 & ,i felt t ,i 0 e mom5t 9 dang] ( be+ tak5 up z su*4 ,! next day1 h[ev]1 ,i cont9u$ my j\rney1 & arriv$ 9 ! ev5+ at an inn1 eight or t5 miles f ,burl+ton1 t 0 kept by "o ,dr4 ,br[n4 ,?is man ent]$ into conv]sation ) me :ile ,i took "s refre%m5t1 & p]ceiv+ t ,i _h read a little1 he express$ t[>ds me consid]able int]e/ & fri5d%ip4 ,our acqua9tance cont9u$ dur+ ! rema9d] ( 8 life4 ,i believe him to h be5 :at is call$ an it9]ant doctor2 = !re 0 no t[n 9 ,engl&1 or inde$ 9 ,europe1 ( :i* he c\ld n give a p>ticul> acc\nt4 ,he 0 nei!r defici5t 9 und]/&+ or lit]ature1 b he 0 a sad infidel2 &1 "s ye>s aft]1 wick$ly und]took to trave/y ! ,bible1 9 burlesque v]se1 z ,cotton has trave/i$ ,virgil4 ,he exhibit$1 by ?is means1 _m facts 9 a v ludicr\s po9t ( view1 :i* w\ld h giv5 umbrage to weak m9ds1 _h 8 "w be5 publi%$1 :i* x nev] 04 ,i sp5t ! night at 8 h\se1 & rea*$ ,burl+ton ! next morn+4 ,on my arrival1 ,i _h ! mortification to le>n t ! ord9>y passage-boats _h sail$ a little be=e4 ,?is 0 on a ,saturday1 & !re w\ld be no o!r boat till ! ,tuesday foll[+4 ,i return$ to ! h\se ( an old woman 9 ! t[n :o _h sold me "s g+]bread to eat on my passage1 & ,i ask$ h] advice4 ,%e invit$ me to take up my abode ) h] till an opportunity (f]$ = me to emb>k4 ,fatigu$ ) hav+ travell$ s f> on foot1 ,i accept$ h] invitation4 ,:5 %e und]/ood t ,i 0 a pr9t]1 %e w\ld h p]suad$ me to /ay at ,burl+ton1 & set up my trade2 b %e 0 little aw>e ( ! capital t w\ld be necess>y = su* a purpose6 ,i 0 treat$ :ile at h] h\se ) true hospitality4 ,%e gave me ) ! utmo/ good-w1 a d9n] ( beef-/eaks1 & w\ld accept ( no?+ 9 return b a p9t ( ale4 ,"h ,i imag9$ myself to be fix$ till ! ,tuesday 9 ! ensu+ week2 b walk+ out 9 ! ev5+ by ! riv] side1 ,i saw a boat ) a numb] ( p]sons 9 x approa*4 ,x 0 go+ to ,philadelphia1 & ! company took me 94 ,z !re 0 no w9d1 we c\ld only make way ) our o>s4 ,ab\t midnight1 n p]ceiv+ ! t[n1 "s ( ! company 7 ( op9ion t we mu/ h pass$ x1 & 7 unwill+ to r[ any f>!r2 ! re/ n kn[+ :]e we 71 x 0 resolv$ t we %\ld /op4 ,we drew t[>ds ! %ore1 ent]$ a creek1 & l&$ ne> "s old palisades1 :i* s]v$ u = fire-wood1 x be+ a cold night 9 ,octob]4 ,"h we /ay$ till day1 :5 "o ( ! company f\nd ! place 9 :i* we 7 to be ,coop]'s creek1 a little above ,philadelphia2 :i* 9 reality we p]ceiv$ ! mom5t we 7 out ( ! creek4 ,we arriv$ on ,sunday ab\t eight or n9e o'clock 9 ! morn+1 & l&$ on ,m>ket-/reet :>f4 ,i h ent]$ into ! p>ticul>s ( my voyage1 & %all 9 l mann] describe my fir/ entrance into ?is city1 t y may be able to comp>e beg9n+s s little auspici\s1 ) ! figure ,i h s9ce made4 ,on my arrival at ,philadelphia ,i 0 9 my work+ dress1 my be/ cloa?s be+ to come by sea4 ,i 0 cov]$ ) dirt2 my pockets 7 fill$ ) %irts & /ock+s2 ,i 0 unacqua9t$ ) a s+le s\l 9 ! place1 & knew n :]e to seek = a lodg+4 ,fatigu$ ) walk+1 r[+1 & hav+ pass$ ! night )\t sleep1 ,i 0 extremely hungry1 & all my money consi/$ ( a ,dut* doll>1 & ab\t a %ill+'s wor? ( copp]s1 :i* ,i gave to ! boatm5 = my passage4 ,z ,i _h assi/$ !m 9 r[+1 !y refus$ x at fir/2 b ,i insi/$ on _! tak+ x4 ,a man is sometimes m g5]\s :5 he has little1 ?an :5 he has mu* money2 probably because1 9 ! fir/ case1 he is desir\s ( conceal+ 8 pov]ty4 ,i walk$ t[>ds ! top ( ! /reet1 look+ eag]ly on bo? sides1 till ,i came to ,m>ket-/reet1 :]e ,i met a *ild ) a loaf ( bread4 ,(t5 _h ,i made my d9n] on dry bread4 ,i enquir$ :]e he _h b\ght x1 & w5t /raight to ! bak]'s %op :i* he po9t$ out to me4 ,i ask$ = "s biscuits1 expect+ to f9d su* z we _h at ,bo/on2 b !y made1 x seems1 none ( t sort at ,philadelphia4 ,i !n ask$ = a ?ree-p5ny loaf2 !y made no loaves ( t price4 ,f9d+ myself ignorant ( ! prices1 z well z ( ! diff]5t k9ds ( bread1 ,i desir$ him to let me h ?ree p5ny-wor? ( bread ( "s k9d or o!r4 ,he gave me ?ree l>ge rolls4 ,i 0 surpris$ at receiv+ s mu*3 ,i took !m1 h[ev]1 & hav+ no room 9 my pockets1 ,i walk$ on ) a roll "u ea* arm1 eat+ ! ?ird4 ,9 ?is mann] ,i w5t ?r\gh ,m>ket-/reet to ,f\r?-/reet1 & pass$ ! h\se ( ,mr4 ,read1 ! fa!r ( my future wife4 ,%e 0 /&+ at ! door1 obs]v$ me1 & ?\ght ) reason1 t ,i made a v s+ul> & grotesque appe>ance4 ,i !n turn$ ! corn]1 & w5t ?r\gh ,*esnut-/reet1 eat+ my roll all ! way2 & hav+ made ?is r\nd1 ,i f\nd myself aga9 on ,m>ket-/reet :>f1 ne> ! boat 9 :i* ,i arriv$4 ,i /epp$ into x to take a draught ( ! riv] wat]2 & f9d+ myself satisfi$ ) my fir/ roll1 ,i gave ! o!r two to a woman & h] *ild1 :o _h come d[n ! riv] ) u 9 ! boat1 & 0 wait+ to cont9ue h] j\rney4 ,?us refre%$1 ,i rega9$ ! /reet1 :i* 0 n[ full ( well-dress$ p1 all go+ ! same way4 ,i jo9$ !m1 & 0 ?us l$ to a l>ge ,quak]'s meet+-h\se ne> ! m>ket-place4 ,i sat d[n ) ! re/1 & aft] look+ r\nd me = "s "t1 he>+ no?+ said1 & be+ dr[sy f my la/ night's lab\r & want ( re/1 ,i fell into a s\nd sleep4 ,9 ?is /ate ,i cont9u$ till ! assembly disp]s$1 :5 "o ( ! congregation _h ! goodness to wake me4 ,?is 0 consequ5tly ! fir/ h\se ,i ent]$1 or 9 :i* ,i slept1 at ,philadelphia4 ,i began aga9 to walk along ! /reet by ! riv] side2 & look+ att5tively 9 ! face ( e "o ,i met1 ,i at l5g? p]ceiv$ a "y quak] ^: c\nt5ance pleas$ me4 ,i acco/$ him1 & begg$ him to in=m me :]e a /rang] might f9d a lodg+4 ,we 7 !n ne> ! sign ( ! ?ree ,m>9]s4 ,!y receive travell]s "h1 said he1 b x is n a h\se t be>s a good "*2 if y w g ) me1 ,i w %ew y a bett] "o4 ,he conduct$ me to ! ,crook$-billet1 9 ,wat]-/reet4 ,!re ,i ord]$ some?+ = d9n]1 & dur+ my meal a numb] ( curi\s que/ions 7 put to me2 my y\? & appe>ance excit+ ! suspicion ( my be+ a runaway4 ,aft] d9n] my dr[s9ess return$1 & ,i ?rew myself ^u a b$ )\t tak+ (f my cloa?s1 & slept till six o'clock 9 ! ev5+1 :5 ,i 0 call$ to supp]4 ,i aft]w>ds w5t to b$ at a v e>ly h\r1 & did n awake till ! next morn+4 ,z soon z ,i got up ,i put myself 9 z dec5t a trim z ,i c\ld1 & w5t to ! h\se ( ,&rew ,brad=d ! pr9t]4 ,i f\nd 8 fa!r 9 ! %op1 :om ,i _h se5 at ,new ,york4 ,hav+ travell$ on horseback1 he _h arriv$ at ,philadelphia be=e me4 ,he introduc$ me to 8 son1 :o receiv$ me ) civility1 & gave me "s breakfa/2 b told me he _h no occasion at pres5t = a j\rneyman1 hav+ lately procur$ "o4 ,he add$1 t !re 0 ano!r pr9t] newly settl$ 9 ! t[n1 ( ! "n ( ,keim]1 :o might p]haps employ me2 & t 9 case ( refusal1 ,i %\ld be welcome to lodge at 8 h\se1 & he w\ld give me a little "w n[ & !n1 till some?+ bett] %\ld (f]4 ,! old man (f]$ to introduce me to ! new pr9t]4 ,:5 we 7 at 8 h\se3 ,neighb\r1 said he1 ,i br+ y a "y man 9 ! pr9t+ bus9ess2 p]haps y may h ne$ ( 8 s]vices4 ,keim] ask$ me "s que/ions1 put a compos+ /ick 9 my h& to see h[ ,i c\ld "w1 & !n said1 t at pres5t he _h no?+ = me to d1 b t he %\ld soon be able to employ me4 ,at ! same "t tak+ old ,brad=d = an inhabitant ( ! t[n well-dispos$ t[>ds him1 he communicat$ 8 project to him1 & ! prospect he _h ( success4 ,brad=d 0 c>eful n to discov] t he 0 ! fa!r ( ! o!r pr9t]2 & f :at ,keim] _h said1 t he hop$ %ortly to be 9 possession ( ! great] "p ( ! bus9ess ( ! t[n1 l$ him by artful que/ions1 & by />t+ "s difficulties1 to disclose all 8 views1 :at 8 hopes 7 f\nd$ ^u1 & h[ he int5d$ to proce$4 ,i 0 pres5t1 & he>d x all4 ,i in/antly saw t "o ( ! two 0 a cunn+ old fox1 & ! o!r a p]fect novice4 ,brad=d left me ) ,keim]1 :o 0 /rangely surpris$ :5 ,i in=m$ him :o ! old man 04 ,i f\nd ,keim]'s pr9t+ mat]ials to consi/ ( an old damag$ press1 & a small f\nt ( worn-out ,engli% lett]s1 ) :i* he himself 0 at "w ^u an elegy on ,aquila ,rose1 :om ,i h m5tion$ above1 an +5i\s "y man1 & ( an excell5t "*1 highly e/eem$ 9 ! t[n1 secret>y to ! assembly1 & a v tol]able poet4 ,keim] also made v]ses1 b !y 7 indiff]5t ones4 ,he c\ld n be said to write 9 v]se1 = 8 me?od 0 to set ! l9es z !y fl[$ f 8 muse2 & z he work$ )\t copy1 _h b "o set ( lett]-cases1 & ! elegy w\ld probably occupy all 8 types1 x 0 impossible = any "o to assi/ him4 ,i endeav\r$ to put 8 press 9 ord]1 :i* he _h n yet us$1 & ( :i* inde$ he und]/ood no?+3 & hav+ promis$ to come & "w (f 8 elegy z soon z x %\ld be ready1 ,i return$ to ! h\se ( ,brad=d1 :o gave me "s trifle to d = ! pres5t1 = :i* ,i _h my bo>d & lodg+4 ,9 a few days ,keim] s5t = me to pr9t (f 8 elegy4 ,he _h n[ procur$ ano!r set ( lett]-cases1 & _h a pamphlet to re-pr9t1 ^u :i* he set me to "w4 ,! two ,philadelphia pr9t]s appe>$ de/itute ( e qualification necess>y 9 _! pr(ession4 ,brad=d _h n be5 br\ght up to x1 & 0 v illit]ate4 ,keim]1 ?\gh he und]/ood a little ( ! bus9ess1 0 m]ely a compositor1 & :olly incapable ( work+ at ! press4 ,he _h be5 "o ( ! ,fr5* prophets2 & knew h[ to imitate _! sup]natural agitations4 ,at ! "t ( our fir/ acqua9tance he pr(ess$ no p>ticul> religion1 b a little ( all ^u occasion4 ,he 0 totally ignorant ( ! _w1 & a great knave at he>t1 z ,i _h aft]w>ds1 an opportunity ( exp]i5c+4 ,keim] c\ld n endure t1 work+ ) him1 ,i %\ld lodge at ,brad=d's4 ,he _h inde$ a h\se1 b x 0 unfurni%$2 s t he c\ld n take me 94 ,he procur$ me a lodg+ at ,mr4 ,read's1 8 l&lord1 :om ,i h already m5tion$4 ,my trunk & effects be+ n[ arriv$1 ,i ?\ght ( mak+1 9 ! eyes ( ,miss ,read1 a m respectable appe>ance ?an :5 *ance exhibit$ me to h] view1 eat+ my roll1 & w&]+ 9 ! /reets4 ,f ?is p]iod ,i began to contract acqua9tance ) su* "y p ( ! t[n z 7 fond ( read+1 & sp5t my ev5+s ) !m agreeably1 :ile at ! same "t ,i ga9$ money by my indu/ry1 &1 ?anks to my frugality1 liv$ cont5t$4 ,i ?us =got ,bo/on z mu* z possible1 & wi%$ e "o to be ignorant ( ! place ( my resid5ce1 except my fri5d ,coll9s1 to :om ,i wrote1 & :o kept my secret4 ,an incid5t h[ev] arriv$1 :i* s5t me home mu* soon] ?an ,i _h propos$4 ,i _h a bro!r-9-law1 ( ! "n ( ,rob]t ,holmes1 ma/] ( a trad+ sloop f ,bo/on to ,delaw>e4 ,be+ at ,newca/le1 =ty miles bel[ ,philadelphia1 he he>d ( me1 & wrote to in=m me ( ! *agr9 :i* my sudd5 dep>ture f ,bo/on _h occasion$ my p>5ts1 & ( ! affection :i* !y /ill ent]ta9$ = me1 assur+ me t1 if ,i w\ld return1 e ?+ %\ld be adju/$ to my satisfaction2 & he 0 v press+ 9 8 entreaties4 ,i answ]$ 8 lett]1 ?ank$ him = 8 advice1 & expla9$ ! reasons :i* _h induc$ me to quit ,bo/on1 ) su* =ce & cle>ness1 t he 0 conv9c$ ,i _h be5 less to blame ?an he _h imag9$4 ,sir ,william ,kei?1 gov]nor ( ! prov9ce1 0 at ,newca/le at ! "t4 ,capta9 ,holmes1 be+ by *ance 9 8 company :5 he receiv$ my lett]1 took occasion to speak ( me1 & %[$ x him4 ,! gov]nor read x1 & appe>$ surpris$ :5 he le>n$ my age4 ,he ?\ght me1 he said1 a "y man ( v promis+ tal5ts1 & t1 ( consequ5ce1 ,i ought to be enc\rag$2 t !re 7 at ,philadelphia none b v ignorant pr9t]s1 & t if ,i 7 to set up = myself1 he _h no d\bt ( my success2 t1 = 8 own "p1 he w\ld procure me all ! public bus9ess1 & w\ld r5d] me e o!r s]vice 9 8 p[]4 ,my bro!r-9-law relat$ all ?is to me aft]w>ds at ,bo/on2 b ,i knew no?+ ( x at ! "t2 :5 "o day ,keim] & ,i be+ at "w toge!r ne> ! w9d[1 we saw ! gov]nor & ano!r g5tleman1 colonel ,fr5*1 ( ,newca/le1 h&somely dress$1 cross ! /reet1 & make directly = our h\se4 ,we he>d !m at ! door1 & ,keim] believ+ x to be a visit to himself1 w5t imm$iately d[n3 b ! gov]nor enquir$ = me1 came up /airs1 &1 ) a condesc5sion & polit5ess to :i* ,i _h n at all be5 accu/om$1 paid me _m complim5ts1 desir$ to be acqua9t$ ) me1 oblig+ly reproa*$ me = n hav+ made myself kn[n to him on my arrival 9 ! t[n1 & wi%$ me to accompany him to a tav]n1 :]e he & colonel ,fr5* 7 go+ to ta/e "s excell5t ,madeira w9e4 ,i 01 ,i confess1 some:at surpris$1 & ,keim] appe>$ ?und]/ruck4 ,i w5t1 h[ev]1 ) ! gov]nor & ! colonel to a tav]n at ! corn] ( ,?ird-/reet1 :]e1 :ile we 7 dr9k+ ! ,madeira1 he propos$ to me to e/abli% a pr9t+-h\se4 ,he set =? ! probabilities ( success1 & himself1 & colonel ,fr5* assur$ me t ,i %\ld h _! protection & influ5ce 9 obta9+ ! pr9t+ ( ! public pap]s ( bo? gov]nm5ts2 & z ,i appe>$ to d\bt :e!r my fa!r w\ld assi/ me 9 ?is ent]prize1 ,sir ,william said t he w\ld give me a lett] to him1 9 :i* he w\ld repres5t ! advantages ( ! s*eme1 9 a light :i* he _h no d\bt w\ld det]m9e him4 ,x 0 ?us conclud$ t ,i %\ld return to ,bo/on by ! fir/ vessel1 ) ! lett] ( recomm5dation1 f ! gov]nor to my fa!r4 ,mean:ile ! project 0 to be kept secret1 & ,i cont9u$ to "w = ,keim] z be=e4 ,! gov]nor s5t e n[ & !n to invite me to d9e ) him4 ,i consid]$ ?is z a v great hon\r2 & ,i 0 ! m s5sible ( x1 z he conv]s$ ) me 9 ! mo/ affable1 famili>1 & fri5dly mann] imag9able4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ,april #agbd1 a small vessel 0 ready to sail = ,bo/on4 ,i took leave ( ,keim]1 ^u ! pretext ( go+ to see my p>5ts4 ,! gov]nor gave me a long lett]1 9 :i* he said _m flatt]+ ?+s ( me to my fa!r2 & /rongly recomm5d$ ! project ( my settl+ at ,philadelphia1 z a ?+ :i* c\ld n fail to make my =tune4 ,go+ d[n ! bay we /ruck on a flat1 & sprung a leak4 ,! wea!r 0 v tempe/u\s1 & we 7 oblig$ to pump )\t int]mission2 ,i took my turn4 ,we arriv$1 h[ev]1 safe & s\nd at ,bo/on1 aft] ab\t a =tnight's passage4 ,i _h be5 abs5t ab\t sev5 complete mon?s1 & my relations1 dur+ t int]val1 _h receiv$ no intellig5ce ( me2 = my bro!r-9-law1 ,holmes1 0 n yet return$1 & _h n writt5 ab\t me4 ,my unexpect$ appe>ance surpriz$ ! family2 b !y 7 all delight$ at see+ me aga91 &1 except my bro!r1 welcom$ me home4 ,i w5t to him at ! pr9t+-h\se4 ,i 0 bett] dress$ ?an ,i _h ev] be5 :ile 9 8 s]vice3 ,i _h a complete suit ( clo!s1 new & neat1 a wat* 9 my pocket1 & my purse 0 furni%$ ) ne>ly five p\nds /]l+ 9 money4 ,he gave me no v civil reception2 & hav+ ey$ me f head to foot1 resum$ 8 "w4 ,! workm5 ask$ me ) eag]ness :]e ,i _h be51 :at sort ( a c\ntry x 01 & h[ ,i lik$ x4 ,i spoke 9 ! highe/ t]ms ( ,philadelphia1 ! happy life we l$ !re1 & express$ my int5tion ( go+ back aga94 ,"o ( !m ask+ :at sort ( money we _h1 ,i display$ be=e !m a h&ful ( silv]1 :i* ,i drew f my pocket4 ,?is 0 a curiosity to :i* !y 7 n accu/om$1 pap] be+ ! curr5t money at ,bo/on4 ,i fail$ n aft] ?is to let !m see my wat*2 & at la/1 my bro!r cont9u+ sull5 & out ( hum\r1 ,i gave !m a %ill+ to dr9k1 & took my leave4 ,?is visit /ung my bro!r to ! s\l2 = :51 %ortly aft]1 my "m spoke to him ( a reconciliation1 & a desire to see u ^u good t]ms1 he told h] t ,i _h s insult$ him be=e 8 m51 t he w\ld nev] =get or =give x3 9 ?is1 h[ev]1 he 0 mi/ak54 ,! gov]nor's lett] appe>$ to excite 9 my fa!r "s surprize2 b he said little4 ,aft] "s days1 capta9 ,holmes be+ return$1 he %[$ x him1 ask+ him if he knew ,kei?1 & :at sort ( a man he 03 add+1 t1 9 8 op9ion1 x prov$ v little disc]nm5t to ?9k ( sett+ up a boy 9 bus9ess1 :o = ?ree ye>s to come w\ld n be ( an age to be rank$ 9 ! class ( m54 ,holmes said e ?+ he c\ld 9 fav\r ( ! s*eme2 b my fa!r firmly ma9ta9$ its absurdity1 & at la/ gave a positive refusal4 ,he wrote1 h[ev]1 a civil lett] to ,sir ,william1 ?ank+ him = ! protection he _h s oblig+ly (f]$ me1 b refus+ to assi/ me = ! pres5t1 because he ?\ght me too "y to be entru/$ ) ! conduct ( s important an ent]prise1 & :i* w\ld require s consid]able a sum ( money4 ,my old comrade ,coll9s1 :o 0 a cl]k 9 ! po/-(fice1 *>m$ ) ! acc\nt ,i gave ( my new resid5ce1 express$ a desire ( go+ ?i!r2 & :ile ,i wait$ my fa!r's det]m9ation1 he set (f be=e me by l& = ,rhode ,isl&1 leav+ 8 books1 :i* =m$ a h&some collection 9 ma!matics & natural philosophy1 to be convey$ ) m9e to ,new ,york1 :]e he purpos$ to wait = me4 ,my fa!r1 ?\gh he c\ld n approve ,sir ,william's proposal1 0 yet pleas$ t ,i _h obta9$ s advantage\s a recomm5dation z t ( a p]son ( 8 rank1 & t my indu/ry & economy _h enabl$ me to equip myself s h&somely 9 s %ort a p]iod4 ,see+ no appe>ance ( accommodat+ matt]s betwe5 my bro!r & me1 he cons5t$ to my return to ,philadelphia1 advis$ me to be civil to e body1 to endeav\r to obta9 g5]al e/eem1 & avoid satire & s>casm1 to :i* he ?\ght ,i 0 too mu* incl9$2 add+1 t ) p]sev]ance & prud5t economy1 ,i might1 by ! "t ,i became ( age1 save en\gh to e/abli% myself 9 bus9ess2 & t if a small sum %\ld !n be want+1 he w\ld und]take to supply x4 ,?is 0 all ,i c\ld obta9 f him1 except "s trifl+ pres5ts1 9 tok5 ( fri5d%ip f him & my "m4 ,i emb>k$ once m = ,new ,york1 furni%$ at ?is "t ) _! approbation & bless+4 ,! sloop hav+ t\*$ at ,newport 9 ,rhode ,isl&1 ,i paid a visit to my bro!r ,john1 :o _h = "s ye>s be5 settl$ !re1 & 0 m>ri$4 ,he _h always be5 atta*$ to me1 & he receiv$ me ) great affection4 ,"o ( 8 fri5ds1 ^: "n 0 ,v]non1 hav+ a debt ( ab\t ?irty-six p\nds due to him 9 ,p5nsylvania1 begg$ me to receive x = him1 & to keep ! money till ,i %\ld he> f him3 accord+ly he gave me an ord] = t purpose4 ,?is affair occasion$ me1 9 ! sequel1 mu* uneas9ess4 ,at ,newport we took on bo>d a numb] ( pass5g]s2 among :om 7 two "y wom51 & a grave & s5sible quak] lady ) h] s]vants4 ,i _h %[n an oblig+ =w>dness 9 r5d]+ ! quak] "s trifl+ s]vices1 :i* l$ h]1 probably1 to feel an int]e/ 9 my welf>e2 = :5 %e saw a famili>ity take place1 & e day increase1 betwe5 ! two "y wom5 & me1 %e took me aside & said3 ,"y man1 ,i am 9 pa9 = !e4 ,?\ ha/ no p>5t to wat* ov] ?y conduct1 & ?\ seeme/ to be ignorant ( ! _w1 & ! sn>es to :i* y\? is expos$4 ,rely ^u :at ,i tell !e3 ^? are wom5 ( bad *>act]s2 ,i p]ceive x 9 all _! actions4 ,if ?\ do/ n take c>e1 !y w lead !e into dang]4 ,!y are /rang]s to !e1 & ,i advise !e1 by ! fri5dly int]e/ ,i take 9 ?y pres]vation1 to =m no connection ) !m4 ,z ,i appe>$ at fir/ n to ?9k q s ill ( !m z %e did1 %e relat$ _m ?+s %e _h se5 & he>d1 :i* _h escap$ my att5tion1 b :i* conv9c$ me t %e 0 9 ! "r4 ,i ?ank$ h] = h] oblig+ advice1 & promis$ to foll[ x4 ,:5 we arriv$ at ,new ,york1 !y in=m$ me :]e !y lodg$1 & invit$ me to come & see !m4 ,i did n h[ev] g1 & x 0 well ,i did n2 = ! next day1 ! capta9 miss+ a silv] spoon & "s o!r ?+s :i* _h be5 tak5 f ! cab91 & kn[+ ^! wom5 to be pro/itutes1 procur$ a se>*-w>rant1 f\nd ! /ol5 goods ^u !m1 & _h !m puni%$4 ,& ?us1 aft] hav+ be5 sav$ f "o rock conceal$ "u wat]1 ^u :i* ! vessel /ruck dur+ our passage1 ,i escap$ ano!r ( a /ill m dang]\s nature4 ,at ,new ,york ,i f\nd my fri5d ,coll9s1 :o _h arriv$ "s "t be=e4 ,we _h be5 intimate f our infancy1 & _h read ! same books toge!r2 b he _h ! advantage ( be+ able to devote m "t to read+ & /udy1 & an a/oni%+ disposition = ma!matics1 9 :i* he left me f> beh9d him4 ,:5 at ,bo/on1 ,i _h be5 accu/om$ to pass ) him almo/ all my leisure h\rs4 ,he 0 !n a sob] & indu/ri\s lad2 8 k _h ga9$ him a v g5]al e/eem1 & he seem$ to promise to make an advantage\s figure 9 society4 ,b1 dur+ my abs5ce1 he _h un=tunately addict$ himself to br&y1 & ,i le>n$1 z well f himself z f ! report ( o!rs1 t e day s9ce 8 arrival at ,new ,york he _h be5 intoxicat$1 & _h act$ 9 a v extravagant mann]4 ,he _h also play$1 & lo/ all 8 money2 s t ,i 0 oblig$ to pay 8 exp5ces at ! inn1 & to ma9ta9 him dur+ ! re/ ( 8 j\rney2 a bur!n t 0 v inconv5i5t to me4 ,! gov]nor ( ,new ,york1 ^: "n 0 ,burnet1 he>+ ! capta9 say1 t a "y man :o 0 a pass5g] 9 8 %ip _h a great numb] ( books1 begg$ him to br+ me to 8 h\se4 ,i accord+ly w5t1 & %\ld h tak5 ,coll9s ) me1 _h he be5 sob]4 ,! gov]nor treat$ me ) great civility1 %ew$ me 8 libr>y1 :i* 0 a v consid]able "o1 & we talk$ = "s "t ^u books & au?ors4 ,?is 0 ! second gov]nor :o _h hon\r$ me ) 8 att5tion1 & to a poor boy1 z ,i 0 !n1 ^! little adv5tures did n fail to be pleas+4 ,we arriv$ at ,philadelphia4 ,on ! way ,i receiv$ ,v]non's money1 )\t :i* we %\ld h be5 unable to h f9i%$ our j\rney4 ,coll9s wi%$ to get employm5t z a m]*ant's cl]k1 b ei!r 8 brea? or 8 c\nt5ance betray$ 8 bad habit2 =1 ?\gh he _h recomm5dations he met ) no success1 & cont9u$ to lodge & eat ) me1 & at my exp5ce4 ,kn[+ t ,i _h ,v]non's money1 he 0 cont9ually ask+ me to l5d him "s ( x1 promis+ to repay me z soon z he %\ld get employm5t4 ,at la/ he _h drawn s mu* ( ?is money1 t ,i 0 extremely al>m$ at :at might become ( me1 %\ld he fail to make good ! defici5cy4 ,8 habit ( dr9k+ did n at all dim9i%1 & 0 a frequ5t s\rce ( discord betwe5 u2 = :5 he _h drank a little too mu*1 he 0 v head-/rong4 ,be+ "o day 9 a boat toge!r on ! ,delaw>e1 ) "s o!r "y p]sons1 he refus$ to take 8 turn 9 r[+4 ,y %all r[ = me1 said he1 till we get home4--,no1 ,i repli$1 we w n r[ = y4--,y %all1 said he1 or rema9 ^u ! wat] all night4 ,z y please4--,let u r[1 said ! re/ ( ! company2 :at signifies :e!r he assi/s or n4 ,b1 already angry ) him = 8 conduct 9 o!r respects1 ,i p]si/$ 9 my refusal4 ,he !n swore t he w\ld make me r[1 or w\ld ?r[ me out ( ! boat2 & he made up to me4 ,z soon z he 0 )9 my rea*1 ,i took him by ! coll>1 gave him a viol5t ?ru/1 & ?rew him head =emo/ into ! riv]4 ,i knew t he 0 a good swimm]1 & 0 !re=e "u no appreh5sions = 8 life4 ,be=e he c\ld turn himself1 we 7 able1 by a few /rokes ( our o>s1 to place ourselves out ( 8 rea*2 & :5ev] he t\*$ ! boat1 we ask$ him if he w\ld r[ /rik+ 8 h&s at ! same "t ) ! o>s1 to make him let g 8 hold4 ,he 0 ne>ly suffocat$ ) rage1 b ob/9ately refus$ mak+ any promise to r[4 ,p]ceiv+1 at l5g?1 t 8 /r5g? began to be exhau/$1 we took him into ! boat1 & convey$ him home 9 ! ev5+ completely dr5*$4 ,! utmo/ coldness subsi/$ betwe5 u aft] ?is adv5ture4 ,at la/ ! capta9 ( a ,we/-,india %ip1 :o 0 commission$ to procure a tutor = ! *ildr5 ( a g5tleman at ,b>badoes1 meet+ ) ,coll9s1 (f]$ him ! place4 ,he accept$ x1 & took 8 leave ( me1 promis+ to dis*>ge ! debt he ow$ me ) ! fir/ money he %\ld receive2 b ,i h he>d no?+ ( him s9ce4 ,! violation ( ! tru/ repos$ 9 me by ,v]non1 0 "o ( ! fir/ great errors ( my life2 & x proves t my fa!r 0 n mi/ak5 :5 he suppos$ me too "y to be intru/$ ) ! managem5t ( important affairs4 ,b ,sir ,william1 ^u read+ 8 lett]1 ?\ght him too prud5t4 ,!re 0 a diff]5ce1 he said1 betwe5 individuals3 ye>s ( maturity 7 n always accompani$ ) discretion1 nei!r 0 y\? 9 e in/ance devoid ( x4 ,s9ce y\r fa!r1 add$ he1 w n set y up 9 bus9ess1 ,i w d x myself4 ,make out a li/ ( :at w be want$ f ,engl&1 & ,i w s5d = ! articles4 ,y %all repay me :5 y c4 ,i am det]m9$ to h a good pr9t] "h1 & ,i am sure y w succe$4 ,?is 0 said ) s mu* seem+ cordiality1 t ,i suspect$ n = an in/ant ! s9c]ity ( ! (f]4 ,i _h hi!rto kept ! project1 ) :i* ,sir ,william _h inspir$ me1 ( settl+ 9 bus9ess1 a secret at ,philadelphia1 & ,i /ill cont9u$ to d s4 ,_h my reliance on ! gov]nor be5 kn[n1 "s fri5d bett] acqua9t$ ) 8 "* ?an myself1 w\ld d\btless h advis$ me n to tru/ him2 = ,i aft]w>ds le>n$ he 0 univ]sally kn[n to be lib]al ( promises1 :i* he _h no int5tion to p]=m4 ,b hav+ nev] solicit$ him1 h[ c\ld ,i suppose 8 (f]s to be deceitful8--,on ! contr>y1 ,i believ$ him to be ! be/ man 9 ! _w4 ,i gave him an inv5tory ( a small pr9t+-(fice1 ! exp5ce ( :i* ,i _h calculat$ at ab\t a hundr$ p\nds /]l+4 ,he express$ 8 approbation2 b ask$1 if my pres5ce 9 ,engl&1 t ,i might *oose ! *>act]s myself1 & see t e article 0 good 9 its k9d1 w\ld n be an advantage8 ,y w also be able1 said he1 to =m "s acqua9tance !re1 & e/abli% a correspond5ce ) /ation]s & booksell]s4 ,?is ,i ackn[l$g$ 0 desirable4 ,t be+ ! case1 add$ he1 hold y\rself 9 read9ess to g ) ! ,annis4 ,?is 0 ! annual vessel1 & ! only "o1 at t "t1 :i* made regul> voyages betwe5 ! ports ( ,london & ,philadelphia4 ,b ! ,annis 0 n to sail = "s mon?s4 ,i !re=e cont9u$ to "w ) ,keim]1 unhappy respect+ ! sum :i* ,coll9s _h drawn f me1 & almo/ 9 cont9ual agony at ! ?\ghts ( ,v]non1 :o =tunately made no dem& ( 8 money till sev]al ye>s aft]4 ,9 ! acc\nt ( my fir/ voyage f ,bo/on to ,philadelphia1 ,i omitt$1 ,i believe1 a trifl+ circum/ance1 :i* w n1 p]haps1 be out ( place "h4 ,dur+ a calm :i* /opp$ u above ,block ,isl&1 ! crew employ$ !mselves 9 fi%+ = cod1 ( :i* !y caught a great numb]4 ,i _h hi!rto adh]$ to my resolution ( n eat+ any ?+ t _h possess$ life2 & ,i consid]$ on ?is occasion1 agreeably to ! maxims ( my ma/] ,tryon1 ! capture ( e fi% z a sort ( murd]1 committ$ )\t provocation1 s9ce ^! animals _h nei!r done1 nor 7 capable ( do+ ! smalle/ injury to any "o t %\ld ju/ify ! measure4 ,?is mode ( reason+ ,i conceiv$ to be unansw]able4 ,mean:ile1 ,i _h =m]ly be5 extremely fond ( fi%2 & :5 "o ( ^! cod 0 tak5 out ( ! fry+-pan1 ,i ?\ght its flav\r delici\s4 ,i hesitat$ "s "t betwe5 pr9ciple & incl9ation1 till at la/ recollect+1 t :5 ! cod _h be5 op5$1 "s small fi% 7 f\nd 9 its belly1 ,i said to myself1 if y eat "o ano!r1 ,i see no reason :y we may n eat y4 ,i accord+ly d9$ on ! cod ) no small degree ( pleasure1 & h s9ce cont9u$ to eat l ! re/ ( mank9d1 return+ only occasionally to my vegetable plan4 ,h[ conv5i5t does x prove to be a rational animal1 t kn[s h[ to f9d or inv5t a plausible pretext = :atev] x has an incl9ation to d6 ,i cont9u$ to live ^u good t]ms ) ,keim]1 :o _h n ! smalle/ suspicion ( my project$ e/abli%m5t4 ,he /ill reta9$ a portion ( 8 =m] en?usiasm2 &1 be+ fond ( argum5t1 we frequ5tly disput$ toge!r4 ,i 0 s mu* 9 ! habit ( us+ my ,socratic me?od1 & _h s frequ5tly puzzl$ him by my que/ions1 :i* appe>$ at fir/ v di/ant f ! po9t 9 debate1 yet nev]!less l$ to x by degrees1 involv+ him 9 difficulties & contradictions f :i* he 0 unable to extricate himself1 t he became at la/ ridicul\sly cauti\s1 & w\ld sc>cely answ] ! mo/ pla9 & famili> "q )\t previ\sly ask+ me--,:at w\ld y inf] f t8 ,h5ce he =m$ s high an op9ion ( my tal5ts = refutation1 t he s]i\sly propos$ to me to become 8 colleague 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( a new religi\s sect4 ,he 0 to propagate ! doctr9e by prea*+1 & ,i to refute e oppon5t4 ,:5 he expla9$ to me 8 t5ets1 ,i f\nd _m absurdities :i* ,i refus$ to admit1 unless he w\ld agree 9 turn to adopt "s ( my op9ions4 ,keim] wore 8 be>d long1 because ,moses _h some:]e said1 ,?\ %alt n m> ! corn]s ( ?y be>d4 ,he likewise obs]v$ ! ,sabba?2 & ^! 7 ) him two v ess5tial po9ts4 ,i dislik$ !m bo?3 b ,i cons5t$ to adopt !m1 provid$ he w\ld agree to ab/a9 f animal food4 ,i d\bt1 said he1 :e!r my con/itution w be able to support x4 ,i assur$ him on ! contr>y he w\ld f9d himself ! bett] = x4 ,he 0 naturally a glutton1 & ,i wi%$ to amuse myself by />v+ him4 ,he cons5t$ to make trial ( ?is regim51 if ,i w\ld be> him company2 & 9 reality we cont9u$ x = ?ree mon?s4 ,a woman 9 ! neighb\rhood prep>$ & br\ght u our victuals1 to :om ,i gave a li/ ( =ty di%es2 9 ! composition ( :i* !re 7 ent]$ nei!r fle% nor fi%4 ,?is fancy 0 ! m agreeable to me z x turn$ to good acc\nt2 = ! :ole exp5ce ( our liv+ did n exce$ = ea* eighte5 p5ce a week4 ,i h s9ce t p]iod obs]v$ sev]al ,l5ts ) ! greate/ /rictness1 & h sudd5ly return$ aga9 to my ord9>y diet1 )\t exp]i5c+ ! smalle/ inconv5i5ce2 :i* has l$ me to reg>d z ( no importance ! advice commonly giv51 ( introduc+ gradually su* alt]ations ( regim54 ,i cont9u$ x *e]fully1 b poor ,keim] suff]$ t]ribly4 ,tir$ ( ! project1 he sigh$ = ! fle%pots ( ,egypt4 ,at l5g? he ord]$ a roa/ pig1 & invit$ me & two ( our female acqua9tance to d9e ) him2 b ! pig be+ ready a little too soon1 he c\ld n resi/ ! temptation1 & eat x all up be=e we arriv$4 ,dur+ ! circum/ances ,i h relat$1 ,i _h paid "s att5tions to ,miss ,read4 ,i ent]ta9$ = h] ! utmo/ e/eem & affection2 & ,i _h reason to believe t ^! s5tim5ts 7 mutual4 ,b we 7 bo? "y1 sc>cely m ?an eighte5 ye>s ( age2 & z ,i 0 on ! po9t ( und]tak+ a long voyage1 h] "m ?\ght x prud5t to prev5t matt]s be+ c>ri$ top f> = ! pres5t1 judg+ t1 if m>riage 0 our object1 !re w\ld be m propriety 9 x aft] my return1 :51 z at lea/ ,i expect$1 ,i %\ld be e/abli%$ 9 my bus9ess4 ,p]haps1 also1 %e ?\ght my expectations 7 n s well f\nd$ z ,i imag9$4 ,my mo/ intimate acqua9tance at ?is "t 7 ,*>les ,osborne1 ,joseph ,watson1 & ,james ,ralph3 "y m5 :o 7 all fond ( read+4 ,! two fir/ 7 cl]ks to ,mr4 ,*>les ,brockdon1 "o ( ! pr9cipal attornies 9 ! t[n1 & ! o!r cl]k to a m]*ant4 ,watson 0 an upright1 pi\s1 & s5sible "y man3 ! o!rs 7 some:at m loose 9 _! pr9ciples ( religion1 p>ticul>ly ,ralph1 ^: fai?1 z well z t ( ,coll9s1 ,i _h contribut$ to %ake2 ea* ( :om made me suff] a v adequate puni%m5t4 ,osborne 0 s5sible1 & s9c]e & affectionate 9 8 fri5d%ips1 b too mu* incl9$ to ! critic 9 matt]s ( lit]ature4 ,ralph 0 +5i\s & %rewd1 g5teel 9 8 address1 & extremely eloqu5t4 ,i d n rememb] to h met ) a m agreeable speak]4 ,!y 7 bo? enam\r$ ( ! muses1 & _h already ev9c$ _! passion by "s small poetical productions4 ,x 0 a cu/om ) u to take a *>m+ walk on ,sundays1 9 ! woods t bord] ! ,skuylkil4 ,"h we read toge!r1 & aft]w>ds conv]s$ on :at we read4 ,ralph 0 dispos$ to give himself up entirely to poetry4 ,he flatt]$ himself t he %\ld arrive at great em95ce 9 ! art1 & ev5 acquire a =tune4 ,! sublime/ poets1 he pret5d$1 :5 !y fir/ began to write1 committ$ z _m faults z himself4 ,osborne endeav\r$ to dissuade him1 by assur+ him t he _h no g5ius = poetry1 & advis$ him to /ick to ! trade 9 :i* he _h be5 br\ght up4 ,9 ! road ( comm]ce1 said he1 y w be sure1 by dilig5ce & assiduity1 ?\gh y h no capital1 ( s f> succe$+ z to be employ$ z a factor2 & may ?us1 9 "t1 acquire ! means ( sett+ up = y\rself4 ,i concurr$ 9 ^! s5tim5ts1 b at ! same "t express$ my approbation ( amus+ ourselves sometimes ) poetry1 ) a view to improve our /yle4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is x 0 propos$1 t1 at our next meet+1 ea* ( u %\ld br+ a copy ( v]ses ( 8 own composition4 ,our object 9 ?is competition 0 to b5efit ea* o!r by our mutual rem>ks1 criticisms1 & corrections2 & z /yle & expression 7 all we _h 9 view1 we exclud$ e idea ( inv5tion1 by agree+ t our task %\ld be a v]sion ( ! eighte5? psalm1 9 :i* is describ$ ! desc5t ( ! ,deity4 ,! "t ( our meet+ drew ne>1 :5 ,ralph call$ ^u me1 & told me t 8 p]=mance 0 ready4 ,i in=m$ him t ,i _h be5 idle1 &1 n mu* lik+ ! task1 _h done no?+4 ,he %ew$ me 8 piece1 & ask$ me :at ,i ?\ght ( x4 ,i express$ myself 9 t]ms ( w>m approbation2 because x really appe>$ to h consid]able m]it4 ,he !n said1 ,osborne w nev] ackn[l$ge ! smalle/ degree ( excell5ce 9 any production ( m9e4 ,envy alone dictates to him a ?\s& animadv]sions4 ,( y he is n s jeal\s3 ,i wi%1 !re=e1 y w\ld take ! v]ses1 & produce !m z y\r own4 ,i w pret5d n to h _h leisure to write any ?+4 ,we %all !n see 9 :at mann] he w speak ( !m4 ,i agre$ to ?is little artifice1 & imm$iately transcrib$ ! v]ses to prev5t all suspicion4 ,we met4 ,watson's p]=mance 0 ! fir/ t 0 read2 x _h "s beauties1 b _m faults4 ,we next read ,osborne's1 :i* 0 mu* bett]4 ,ralph did x ju/ice1 rem>k+ a few imp]fections1 & applaud+ su* p>ts z 7 excell5t4 ,he _h himself no?+ to %[4 ,x 0 n[ my turn4 ,i made "s difficulty2 seem$ z if ,i wi%$ to be excus$2 pret5d$ t ,i _h _h no "t to make corrections1 c4 ,no excuse1 h[ev]1 0 admissible1 &1 ! piece mu/ be produc$4 ,x 0 read1 & re-read4 ,watson & ,osborne imm$iately resign$ ! palm1 & unit$ 9 applaud+ x4 ,ralph alone made a few rem>ks1 & propos$ "s alt]ations2 b ,i def5d$ my text4 ,osborne agre$ ) me1 & told ,ralph t he 0 no m able to criticise ?an he 0 able to write4 ,:5 ,osborne 0 alone ) me1 he express$ himself /ill m /rongly 9 fav\r ( :at he consid]$ z my p]=mance4 ,he pret5d$ t he _h put "s re/ra9t ^u himself be=e1 appreh5sive ( my con/ru+ 8 comm5dation into flatt]y4 ,b :o w\ld h suppos$1 said he1 ,frankl9 to be capable ( su* a composition8 ,:at pa9t+--:at en]gy--:at fire6 ,he has surpass$ ! orig9al4 ,9 8 common conv]sation he appe>s n to h a *oice ( words2 he hesitates1 & is at a loss--& yet1 good ,god1 h[ he writes6 ,at our next meet+ ,ralph discov]$ ! trick we _h play$ ,osborne1 :o 0 ralli$ )\t m]cy4 ,by ?is adv5ture ,ralph 0 fix$ 9 8 det]m9ation ( becom+ a poet4 ,i left no?+ unattempt$ to div]t him f 8 purpose2 b he p]sev]$1 till at la/ ! read+ ( ,pope#c effect$ 8 cure3 he became1 h[ev]1 a v tol]able prose-writ]4 ,i %all speak m ( him h]eaft]2 b z ,i %all probably h no f>!r occasion to m5tion ! o!r two1 ,i ought to obs]ve "h t ,watson di$ a few ye>s aft] 9 my arms4 ,he 0 greatly regrett$1 = he 0 ! be/ ( our society4 ,osborne w5t to ! isl&s1 :]e he ga9$ consid]able reputation z a b>ri/]1 & 0 gett+ money2 b he di$ "y4 ,we _h s]i\sly engag$1 t :oev] di$ fir/ %\ld return 7if possible7 & pay a fri5dly visit to ! survivor1 to give him an acc\nt ( ! o!r _w--b he has nev] fulfill$ 8 engagem5t4 ,! gov]nor appe>$ to be fond ( my company1 & frequ5tly invit$ me to 8 h\se4 ,he always spoke ( 8 int5tion ( settl+ me 9 bus9ess1 z a po9t t 0 decid$4 ,i 0 to take ) me lett]s ( recomm5dation to a numb] ( 8 fri5ds1 & p>ticul>ly a lett] ( cr$it1 9 ord] to obta9 ! necess>y sum = ! pur*ase ( my press1 types1 & pap]4 ,he appo9t$ v>i\s times = me to come = ^! lett]s1 :i* w\ld c]ta9ly be ready1 & :5 ,i came1 always put me (f to ano!r day4 ,^! successive delays cont9u$ till ! vessel1 ^: dep>ture _h be5 sev]al times def]r$1 0 on ! po9t ( sett+ sail2 :5 ,i aga9 w5t to ,sir ,william's h\se1 to receive my lett]s & take leave ( him4 ,i saw 8 secret>y1 ,dr4 ,b>d1 :o told me t ! gov]nor 0 extremely busy writ+1 b t he w\ld be d[n at ,newca/le be=e ! vessel1 & t ! lett]s w\ld be deliv]$ to me !re4 ,ralph1 ?\gh he 0 m>ri$ & _h a *ild1 det]m9$ to accompany me 9 ?is voyage4 ,8 object 0 suppos$ to be ! e/abli%+ a correspond5ce ) "s m]cantile h\ses1 9 ord] to sell goods by commission2 b ,i aft]w>ds le>n$ t1 hav+ reason to be dissatisfi$ ) ! p>5ts ( 8 wife1 he propos$ to himself to leave h] on _! h&s1 & nev] return to ,am]ica aga94 ,hav+ tak5 leave ( my fri5ds1 & int]*ang$ promises ( fidelity ) ,miss ,read1 ,i quitt$ ,philadelphia4 ,at ,newca/le ! vessel came to an*or4 ,! gov]nor 0 arriv$1 & ,i w5t to 8 lodg+s4 ,8 secret>y receiv$ me ) great civility1 told me on ! "p ( ! gov]nor t he c\ld n see me !n1 z he 0 engag$ 9 affairs ( ! utmo/ importance1 b t he w\ld s5d ! lett]s on bo>d1 & t he wi%$ me1 ) all 8 he>t1 a good voyage1 & spe$y return4 ,i return$1 some:at a/oni%$1 to ! %ip1 b /ill )\t ent]ta9+ ! slighte/ suspicion4 ,mr4 ,hamilton1 a celebrat$ b>ri/] ( ,philadelphia1 _h tak5 a passage to ,engl& = himself & 8 son1 &1 9 conjunction ) ,mr4 ,d5ham1 a quak]1 & ,messrs4 ,oniam & ,russel1 proprietors ( a =ge 9 ,m>yl&1 _h agre$ = ! :ole cab91 s t ,ralph & ,i 7 oblig$ to take up our lodg+ ) ! crew4 ,be+ unkn[n to e body 9 ! %ip1 we 7 look$ ^u z ( ! common ord] ( p3 b ,mr4 ,hamilton & 8 son1 7x 0 ,james1 :o 0 aft]w>ds gov]nor17 left u at ,newca/le1 & return$ to ,philadelphia1 :]e he 0 recall$ at a v great exp5ce1 to plead ! cause ( a vessel t _h be5 seiz$2 & j z we 7 ab\t to sail1 colonel ,fr5* came on bo>d1 & %ew$ me _m civilities4 ,! pass5g]s ^u ?is paid me m att5tion1 & ,i 0 invit$1 toge!r ) my fri5d ,ralph1 to occupy ! place 9 ! cab9 :i* ! return ( ! ,mr4 ,hamiltons _h made vacant2 an (f] :i* we v readily accept$4 ,hav+ le>n$ t ! dispat*es ( ! gov]nor _h be5 br\ght on bo>d by colonel ,fr5*1 ,i ask$ ! capta9 = ! lett]s t 7 to be entru/$ to my c>e4 ,he told me t !y 7 all put toge!r 9 ! bag1 :i* he c\ld n op5 at pres5t2 b be=e we rea*$ ,engl&1 he w\ld give me an opportunity ( tak+ !m out4 ,i 0 satisfi$ ) ?is answ]1 & we pursu$ our voyage4 ,! company 9 ! cab9 7 all v sociable1 & we 7 p]fectly well (f z to provisions1 z we _h ! advantage ( ! :ole ( ,mr4 ,hamilton's1 :o _h laid 9 a v pl5tiful /ock4 ,dur+ ! passage1 ,mr4 ,d5ham contract$ a fri5d%ip = me1 :i* end$ only ) 8 life3 9 o!r respects ! voyage 0 by no means an agreeable "o1 z we _h mu* bad wea!r4 ,:5 we arriv$ 9 ! riv]1 ! capta9 0 z good z 8 ^w1 & all[$ me to se>* 9 ! bag = ! gov]nor's lett]s4 ,i c\ld n f9d a s+le "o ) my "n writt5 on x1 z committ$ to my c>e2 b ,i select$ six or sev51 :i* ,i judg$ f ! direction to be ^? t 7 int5d$ = me2 p>ticul>ly "o to ,mr4 ,basket ! k+'s pr9t]1 & ano!r to a /ation]1 :o 0 ! fir/ p]son ,i call$ ^u4 ,i deliv]$ him ! lett] z com+ f gov]nor ,kei?4 ,i h no acqua9tance 7said he7 ) any su* p]son2 & op5+ ! lett]1 ,oh1 x is f ,riddlesd56 he exclaim$4 ,i h lately discov]$ him to be a v arrant knave1 & wi% to h no?+ to d ei!r ) him or 8 lett]s4 ,he in/antly put ! lett] into my h&1 turn$ ^u 8 heel1 & left me1 to s]ve "s cu/om]s4 ,i 0 a/oni%$ at f9d+ ^! lett]s 7 n f ! gov]nor4 ,reflect+1 & putt+ circum/ances toge!r1 ,i !n began to d\bt 8 s9c]ity4 ,i rejo9$ my fri5d ,d5ham1 & relat$ ! :ole affair to him4 ,he let me at once into ,kei?'s "*1 told me !re 0 n ! lea/ probability ( 8 hav+ writt5 a s+le lett]2 t no "o :o knew him ev] plac$ any reliance on him1 & laugh$ at my cr$ulity 9 suppos+ t ! gov]nor w\ld give me a lett] ( cr$it1 :5 he _h no cr$it = himself4 ,z ,i %[$ "s uneas9ess respect+ :at /ep ,i %\ld take1 he advis$ me to try to get employm5t 9 ! h\se ( "s pr9t]4 ,y may !re1 said he1 improve y\rself 9 bus9ess1 & y w be able to settle y\rself ! m advantage\sly :5 y return to ,am]ica4 ,we knew already z well z ! /ation]1 attorney ,riddlesd5 to be a knave4 ,he _h ne>ly ru9$ ! fa!r ( ,miss ,read1 by draw+ him 9 to be 8 security4 ,we le>n$ f 8 lett]1 t he 0 secretly c>ry+ on an intrigue1 9 conc]t ) ! gov]nor1 to ! prejudice ( ,mr4 ,hamilton1 :o x 0 suppos$ w\ld by ?is "t be 9 ,europe4 ,d5ham1 :o 0 ,hamilton's fri5d1 0 ( op9ion t he ought to be made acqua9t$ ) x2 & 9 reality1 ! in/ant he arriv$ 9 ,engl&1 :i* 0 v soon aft]1 ,i wait$ on him1 &1 z mu* f good-w to him1 z f res5tm5t aga9/ ! gov]nor1 put ! lett] into 8 h&s4 ,he ?ank$ me v s9c]ely1 ! in=mation x conta9$ be+ ( consequ5ce to him2 & f t mom5t be/[$ on me 8 fri5d%ip1 :i* aft]w>ds prov$ on _m occasions s]viceable to me4 ,b :at are we to ?9k ( a gov]nor :o c\ld play s scurvy a trick1 & ?us grossly deceive a poor "y lad1 :olly de/itute ( exp]i5ce8 ,x 0 a practice ) him4 ,wi%+ to please e body1 & hav+ little to be/[1 he 0 lavi% ( promises4 ,he 0 9 o!r respects s5sible & judici\s1 a v tol]able writ]1 & a good gov]nor = ! p2 ?\gh n s = ! propriet>ies1 ^: in/ructions he frequ5tly disreg>d$4 ,_m ( our be/ laws 7 8 "w1 & e/abli%$ dur+ 8 adm9i/ration4 ,ralph & ,i 7 insep>able companions4 ,we took a lodg+ toge!r at ?ree & sixp5ce a-week1 :i* 0 z mu* z we c\ld af=d4 ,he met ) "s relations 9 ,london1 b !y 7 poor1 & n able to assi/ him4 ,he n[1 = ! fir/ "t1 in=m$ me ( 8 int5tion to rema9 9 ,engl&1 & t he _h no ?\ghts ( ev] return+ to ,philadelphia4 ,he 0 totally )\t money2 ! little he _h be5 able to raise hav+ b>ely suffic$ = 8 passage4 ,i _h /ill fifte5 pi/oles rema9+2 & to me he _h f "t to "t rec\rse1 :ile he tri$ to get employm5t4 ,at fir/1 believ+ himself possess$ ( tal5ts = ! /age1 he ?\ght ( turn+ actor2 b ,wilkes1 to :om he appli$1 frankly advis$ him to r5\nce ! idea1 z x 0 impossible he %\ld succe$4 ,he next propos$ to ,rob]ts1 a booksell] 9 ,pat]no/]-r[1 to write a weekly pap] 9 ! mann] ( ! ,spectator1 ^u t]ms to :i* ,rob]ts w\ld n li/54 ,la/ly1 he endeav\r$ to procure employm5t z a copyi/1 & appli$ to ! lawy]s & /ation]s ab\t ! ,temple2 b he c\ld f9d no vacancy4 ,z to myself1 ,i imm$iately got engag$ at ,palm]'s1 at t "t a not$ pr9t] 9 ,b>?olomew-close1 ) :om ,i cont9u$ ne>ly a ye>4 ,i appli$ v assidu\sly to my "w2 b ,i exp5d$ ) ,ralph almo/ all t ,i e>n$4 ,plays1 & o!r places ( amusem5t :i* we frequ5t$ toge!r1 hav+ exhau/$ my pi/oles1 we liv$ aft] ?is f h& to m\?4 ,he appe>$ to h entirely =gott5 8 wife & *ild1 z ,i also1 by degrees1 =got my engagem5ts ) ,miss ,read1 to :om ,i nev] wrote m ?an "o lett]1 & t m]ely to in=m h] t ,i 0 n likely to return soon4 ,?is 0 ano!r gr& error ( my life1 :i* ,i %\ld be desir\s ( correct+ 7 ,i to beg9 my c>e] aga94 ,i 0 employ$ at ,palm]'s on ! second edition ( ,woola/on's ,religion ( ,nature4 ,"s ( 8 argum5ts appe>+ to me n to be well-f\nd$1 ,i wrote a small metaphysical treatise1 9 :i* ,i animadv]t$ on ^? passages4 ,x 0 entitl$ a ,diss]tation on ,lib]ty & ,necessity1 ,pleasure & ,pa94 ,i d$icat$ x to my fri5d ,ralph1 & pr9t$ a small numb] ( copies4 ,palm] ^u ?is treat$ me ) m consid]ation1 & reg>d$ me z a "y man ( tal5ts2 ?\gh he s]i\sly took me to task = ! pr9ciples ( my pamphlet1 :i* he look$ ^u z abom9able4 ,! pr9t+ ( ?is "w 0 ano!r error ( my life4 ,:ile ,i lodg$ 9 ,little ,brita9 ,i =m$ acqua9tance ) a booksell] ( ! "n ( ,wilcox1 ^: %op 0 next door to me4 ,circulat+ libr>ies 7 n !n 9 use4 ,he _h an imm5se collection ( books ( all sorts4 ,we agre$ t1 = a reasonable retribution1 ( :i* ,i h n[ =gott5 ! price1 ,i %\ld h free access to 8 libr>y1 & take :at books ,i pleas$1 :i* ,i 0 to return :5 ,i _h read !m4 ,i consid]$ ?is agreem5t z a v great advantage2 & ,i d]iv$ f x z mu* b5efit z 0 9 my p[]4 ,my pamphlet fall+ into ! h&s ( a surgeon1 ( ! "n ( ,lyons1 au?or ( a book entitl$1 ,infallibility ( ,human ,judgm5t1 0 ! occasion ( a consid]able intimacy betwe5 u4 ,he express$ great e/eem = me1 came frequ5tly to see me1 9 ord] to conv]se ^u metaphysical subjects1 & introduc$ me to ,dr4 ,m&eville1 au?or ( ! ,fable ( ! ,bees1 :o _h in/itut$ a club at a tav]n 9 ,*eapside1 ( :i* he 0 ! s\l3 he 0 a faceti\s & v amus+ "*4 ,he also introduc$ me1 at ,batson's c(fee-h\se1 to ,dr4 ,pemb]ton1 :o promis$ to give me an opportunity ( see+ ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 :i* ,i v ard5tly desir$2 b he nev] kept 8 ^w4 ,i _h br\ght "s curiosities ) me f ,am]ica2 ! pr9cipal ( :i* 0 a purse made ( ! asbe/os1 :i* fire only purifies4 ,sir ,hans ,sloane he>+ ( x1 call$ ^u me1 & invit$ me to 8 h\se 9 ,bloomsbury-squ>e1 :]e1 aft] %[+ me e ?+ t 0 curi\s1 he prevail$ on me to add ?is piece to 8 collection2 = :i* he paid me v h&somely4 ,!re lodg$ 9 ! same h\se ) u a "y woman1 a mill9]1 :o _h a %op by ! side ( ! ,ex*ange4 ,lively & s5sible1 & hav+ receiv$ an education some:at above h] rank1 h] conv]sation 0 v agreeable4 ,ralph read plays to h] e ev5+4 ,!y became intimate4 ,%e took ano!r lodg+1 & he foll[$ h]4 ,!y liv$ = "s "t toge!r2 b ,ralph be+ )\t employm5t1 %e hav+ a *ild1 & ! pr(its ( h] bus9ess n suffic+ = ! ma9t5ance ( ?ree1 he resolv$ to quit ,london1 & try a c\ntry s*ool4 ,?is 0 a plan 9 :i* he ?\ght himself likely to succe$2 z he wrote a f9e h&1 & 0 v]s$ 9 ari?metic & acc\nts4 ,b consid]+ ! (fice z b5ea? him1 & expect+ "s day to make a bett] figure 9 ! _w1 :5 he %\ld be a%am$ ( its be+ kn[n t he _h ex]cis$ a pr(ession s little hon\rable1 he *ang$ 8 "n1 & did me ! hon\r to assume m9e4 ,he wrote to me soon aft] 8 dep>ture1 in=m+ me t he 0 settl$ at a small village 9 ,b]k%ire4 ,9 8 lett] he recomm5d$ ,mrs4 ,t9999991 ! mill9]1 to my c>e1 & reque/$ an answ]1 direct$ to ,mr4 ,frankl91 s*ool-ma/]1 at ,n9999994 ,he cont9u$ to write to me frequ5tly1 s5d+ me l>ge fragm5ts ( an epic poem he 0 compos+1 & :i* he begg$ ( me to criticise & correct4 ,i did s1 b n )\t endeav\r+ to prevail on him to r5\nce ?is pursuit4 ,"y _h j publi%$ "o ( 8 ,satires4 ,i copi$ & s5t him a great "p ( x2 9 :i* ! au?or demon/rates ! folly ( cultivat+ ! muses1 f ! hope1 by _! in/rum5tality1 ( ris+ 9 ! _w4 ,x 0 all to no purpose2 pap] aft] pap] ( 8 poem cont9u$ to arrive e po/4 ,mean:ile ,mrs4 ,t999999 hav+ lo/1 on 8 acc\nt1 bo? h] fri5ds & h] bus9ess1 0 frequ5tly 9 di/ress4 ,9 ?is dilemma %e _h rec\rse to me2 & to extricate h] f difficulties1 ,i l5t h] all ! money ,i c\ld sp>e4 ,i felt a little too mu* fondness = h]4 ,hav+ at t "t no ties ( religion1 & tak+ advantage ( h] necessit\s situation1 ,i attempt$ lib]ties1 7ano!r error ( my life17 :i* %e repell$ ) becom+ indignation4 ,%e in=m$ ,ralph ( my conduct2 & ! affair occasion$ a brea* betwe5 u4 ,:5 he return$ to ,london1 he gave me to und]/& t he consid]$ all ! obligations he ow$ me z annihilat$ by ?is proce$+2 :5ce ,i conclud$ t ,i 0 nev] to expect ! paym5t ( :at money ,i _h l5t him1 or advanc$ on 8 acc\nt4 ,i 0 ! less afflict$ at ?is1 z he 0 :olly unable to pay me2 & z1 by los+ 8 fri5d%ip1 ,i 0 reliev$ at ! same "t f a v heavy burd54 ,i n[ began to ?9k ( lay+ by "s money4 ,! pr9t+-h\se ( ,watts1 ne> ,l9coln's-,inn-,fields1 be+ a /ill m consid]able "o ?an t 9 :i* ,i work$1 x 0 probable ,i might f9d x m advantage\s to be employ$ !re4 ,i (f]$ myself1 & 0 accept$2 & 9 ?is h\se ,i cont9u$ dur+ ! rema9d] ( my /ay 9 ,london4 ,on my entrance ,i work$ at fir/ z a pressman1 conceiv+ t ,i _h ne$ ( bodily ex]cise1 to :i* ,i _h be5 accu/om$ 9 ,am]ica1 :]e ! pr9t]s "w alt]nately z compositors & at ! press4 ,i drank no?+ b wat]4 ,! o!r workm51 to ! numb] ( ab\t fifty1 7 great dr9k]s ( be]4 ,i c>ri$ occasionally a l>ge =m ( lett]s 9 ea* h&1 up & d[n /airs1 :ile ! re/ employ$ bo? h&s to c>ry "o4 ,!y 7 surpris$ to see1 by ?is & _m o!r examples1 t ! ,am]ican ,aquatic1 z !y us$ to call me1 0 /rong] ?an ^? :o drank port]4 ,! be]-boy _h suffici5t employm5t dur+ ! :ole day 9 s]v+ t h\se alone4 ,my fell[ pressman drank e day a p9t ( be] be=e breakfa/1 a p9t ) bread & *eese = breakfa/1 "o betwe5 breakfa/ & d9n]1 "o at d9n]1 "o aga9 ab\t six o'clock 9 ! aft]noon1 & ano!r aft] he _h f9i%$ 8 day's "w4 ,?is cu/om appe>$ to me abom9able2 b he _h ne$1 he said1 ( all ?is be]1 9 ord] to acquire /r5g? to "w4 ,i endeav\r$ to conv9ce him t ! bodily /r5g? furni%$ by ! be]1 c\ld only be 9 proportion to ! solid "p ( ! b>ley dissolv$ 9 ! wat] ( :i* ! be] 0 compos$2 t !re 0 a l>g] portion ( fl\r 9 a p5ny loaf1 & t consequ5tly if he ate ?is loaf1 & drank a p9t ( wat] ) x1 he w\ld d]ive m /r5g? f x ?an f a p9t ( be]4 ,?is reason+1 h[ev]1 did n prev5t him f dr9k+ 8 accu/om$ quantity ( be]1 & pay+ e ,saturday night a score ( f\r or five %ill+s a-week = ?is curs$ bev]age2 an exp5ce f :i* ,i 0 :olly exempt4 ,?us d ^! poor devils cont9ue all _! lives 9 a /ate ( volunt>y wret*$ness & pov]ty4 ,at ! end ( a few weeks1 ,watts hav+ occasion = me above /airs z a compositor1 ,i quitt$ ! press4 ,! compositors dem&$ ( me g>ni% money a-fre%4 ,?is ,i consid]$ z an imposition1 hav+ already paid bel[4 ,! ma/] 0 ( ! same op9ion1 & desir$ me n to comply4 ,i ?us rema9$ two or ?ree weeks out ( ! frat]nity4 ,i 0 consequ5tly look$ ^u z excommunicat$2 & :5ev] ,i 0 abs5t1 no little trick t malice c\ld sugge/ 0 left unpractis$ ^u me4 ,i f\nd my lett]s mix$1 my pages transpos$1 my matt] brok51 c4 c4 all :i* 0 attribut$ to ! _s t haunt$ ! *apel1#d & torm5t$ ^? :o 7 n regul>ly admitt$4 ,i 0 at la/ oblig$ to submit to pay1 not)/&+ ! protection ( ! ma/]2 conv9c$ ( ! folly ( n keep+ up a good und]/&+ ) ^? among :om we are de/9$ to live4 ,aft] ?is ,i liv$ 9 ! utmo/ h>mony ) my fell[-lab\r]s1 & soon acquir$ consid]able influ5ce among !m4 ,i propos$ "s alt]ations 9 ! laws ( ! *apel1 :i* ,i c>ri$ )\t opposition4 ,my example prevail$ ) sev]al ( !m to r5\nce _! abom9able practice ( bread & *eese ) be]2 & !y procur$1 l me1 f a neighb\r+ h\se1 a good bas9 ( w>m gruel1 9 :i* 0 a small slice ( butt]1 ) toa/$ bread & nutmeg4 ,?is 0 a mu* bett] breakfa/1 :i* did n co/ m ?an a p9t ( be]1 namely1 ?ree halfp5ce1 & at ! same "t pres]v$ ! head cle>]4 ,^? :o cont9u$ to gorge !mselves ) be]1 (t5 lo/ _! cr$it ) ! publican1 f neglect+ to pay _! score4 ,!y _h !n rec\rse to me1 to become security = !m2 _! light1 z !y us$ to call x1 be+ out4 ,i att5d$ at ! pay-table e ,saturday ev5+1 to take up ! little sum :i* ,i _h made myself answ]able =2 & :i* sometimes am\nt$ to ne>ly ?irty %ill+s a-week4 ,?is circum/ance1 add$ to my reputation ( be+ a tol]able good gabb]1 or1 9 o!r words1 skilful 9 ! art ( burlesque1 kept up my importance 9 ! *apel4 ,i _h besides recomm5d$ myself to ! e/eem ( my ma/] by my assidu\s application to bus9ess1 nev] obs]v+ ,sa9t ,monday4 ,my extraord9>y quickness 9 compos+ always procur$ me su* "w z 0 mo/ urg5t1 & :i* is commonly be/ paid2 & ?us my "t pass$ away 9 a v pleasant mann]4 ,my lodg+ 9 ,little ,brita9 be+ too f> f ! pr9t+-h\se1 ,i took ano!r 9 ,duke-/reet1 opposite ! ,roman ,ca?olic *apel4 ,x 0 at ! back ( an ,italian w>eh\se4 ,! h\se 0 kept by a wid[1 :o _h a daught]1 a s]vant1 & a %op-boy2 b ! latt] slept out ( ! h\se4 ,aft] s5d+ to ! p ) :om ,i lodg$ 9 ,little ,brita91 to enquire into my "*1 %e agre$ to take me 9 at ! same price1 ?ree & sixp5ce a-week2 cont5t+ h]self1 %e said1 ) s little1 because ( ! security %e %\ld d]ive1 z !y 7 all wom51 f hav+ a man lodg] 9 ! h\se4 ,%e 0 a woman r advanc$ 9 life1 ! daught] ( a cl]gyman4 ,%e _h be5 educat$ a ,prote/ant2 b h] husb&1 ^: memory %e highly rev]$1 _h conv]t$ h] to ! ,ca?olic religion4 ,%e _h liv$ 9 habits ( intimacy ) p]sons ( di/9ction2 ( :om %e knew v>i\s anecdotes z f> back z ! "t ( ,*>les ,,ii4 ,be+ subject to fits ( ! g\t1 :i* (t5 conf9$ h] to h] room1 %e 0 sometimes dispos$ to see company4 ,h]s 0 s amus+ to me1 t ,i 0 glad to pass ! ev5+ ) h] z (t5 z %e desir$ x4 ,our supp] consi/$ only ( half an an*ovy a piece1 ^u a slice ( bread & butt]1 ) half a p9t ( ale betwe5 u4 ,b ! ent]ta9m5t 0 9 h] conv]sation4 ,! e>ly h\rs ,i kept1 & ! little tr\ble ,i occasion$ 9 ! family1 made h] lo? to "p ) me2 & :5 ,i m5tion$ ano!r lodg+ ,i _h f\nd1 ne>] ! pr9t+-h\se1 at two %ill+s a week1 :i* fell 9 ) my plan ( sav+1 %e p]suad$ me to give x up1 mak+ h]self an abatem5t ( two %ill+s3 & ?us ,i cont9u$ to lodge ) h]1 dur+ ! rema9d] ( my abode 9 ,london1 at eighte5 p5ce a week4 ,9 a g>ret ( ! h\se !re liv$1 9 ! mo/ retir$ mann]1 a lady sev5ty ye>s ( age1 ( :om ,i receiv$ ! foll[+ acc\nt f my l&lady4 ,%e 0 a ,roman ,ca?olic4 ,9 h] e>ly ye>s %e _h be5 s5t to ! cont95t1 & ent]$ a conv5t ) ! design ( becom+ a nun2 b ! climate n agree+ ) h] con/itution1 %e 0 oblig$ to return to ,engl&1 :]e1 z !re 7 no mona/]ies1 %e made a v[ to lead a mona/ic life1 9 z rigid a mann] z circum/ances w\ld p]mit4 ,%e accord+ly dispos$ ( all h] prop]ty to be appli$ to *>itable uses1 res]v+ to h]self only twelve p\nds a ye>2 & ( ?is small pittance %e gave a "p to ! poor1 liv+ on wat] gruel1 & nev] mak+ use ( fire b to boil x4 ,%e _h liv$ 9 ?is g>ret a great _m ye>s1 )\t pay+ r5t to ! successive ,ca?olic inhabitants t _h kept ! h\se2 :o inde$ consid]$ h] abode ) !m z a bless+4 ,a prie/ came e day to confess h]4 ,i h ask$ h]1 said my l&lady1 h[1 liv+ z %e did1 %e c\ld f9d s mu* employm5t = a confessor8 ,to :i* %e answ]$1 t x 0 impossible to avoid va9 ?\ghts4 ,i 0 once p]mitt$ to visit h]4 ,%e 0 *e]ful & polite1 & h] conv]sation agreeable4 ,h] ap>tm5t 0 neat2 b ! :ole furniture consi/$ ( a mattress1 a table1 on :i* 7 a crucifix & a book1 a *air1 :i* %e gave me to sit on1 & ov] ! mantle-piece a picture ( ,/4 ,v]onica display+ h] h&k]*ief1 on :i* 0 se5 ! miracul\s impression ( ! face ( ,*ri/1 :i* %e expla9$ to me ) great gravity4 ,h] c\nt5ance 0 pale1 b %e _h nev] exp]i5c$ sickness2 & ,i may adduce h] z ano!r pro( h[ little is suffici5t to ma9ta9 life & heal?4 ,at ! pr9t+ h\se ,i contract$ an intimacy ) a s5sible "y man ( ! "n ( ,wygate1 :o1 z 8 p>5ts 7 9 good circum/ances1 _h receiv$ a bett] education ?an is common among pr9t]s4 ,he 0 a tol]able ,lat9 s*ol>1 spoke ,fr5* flu5tly1 & 0 fond ( read+4 ,i taught him1 z well z a fri5d ( 81 to swim1 by tak+ !m twice only into ! riv]2 aft] :i* !y /ood 9 ne$ ( no f>!r assi/ance4 ,we "o day made a p>ty to g by wat] to ,*elsea1 9 ord] to see ! ,college1 & ,don ,solt]o's curiosities4 ,on our return1 at ! reque/ ( ! company1 ^: curiosity ,wygate _h excit$1 ,i undress$ myself1 & leap$ into ! riv]4 ,i swam f ne> ,*elsea ! :ole way to ,blackfri>s1 exhibit+1 dur+ my c\rse1 a v>iety ( feats ( activity & address1 bo? ^u ! surface ( ! wat]1 z well z "u x4 ,?is sight occasion$ mu* a/oni%m5t & pleasure to ^? to :om x 0 new4 ,9 my y\? ,i took great delight 9 ?is ex]cise4 ,i knew1 & c\ld execute1 all ! evolutions & positions ( ,!v5ot2 & ,i add$ to !m "s ( my own inv5tion1 9 :i* ,i endeav\r$ to unite gracefulness & utility4 ,i took a pleasure 9 display+ !m all on ?is occasion1 & 0 highly flatt]$ ) ! admiration !y excit$4 ,wygate1 besides 8 be+ desir\s ( p]fect+ himself 9 ?is art1 0 ! m atta*$ to me f !re be+1 9 o!r respects1 a con=mity 9 our ta/es & /udies4 ,he at l5g? propos$ to me to make ! t\r ( ,europe ) him1 ma9ta9+ ourselves at ! same "t by work+ at our pr(ession4 ,i 0 on ! po9t ( cons5t+1 :5 ,i m5tion$ x to my fri5d ,mr4 ,d5ham1 ) :om ,i 0 glad to pass an h\r :5ev] ,i _h leisure4 ,he dissuad$ me f ! project1 & advis$ me to ?9k ( return+ to ,philadelphia1 :i* he 0 ab\t to d himself4 ,i mu/ relate 9 ?is place a trait ( ?is wor?y man's "*4 ,he _h =m]ly be5 9 bus9ess at ,bri/ol1 b fail+1 he comp\nd$ ) 8 cr$itors1 & dep>t$ = ,am]ica1 :]e1 by assidu\s application z a m]*ant1 he acquir$ 9 a few ye>s a v consid]able =tune4 ,return+ to ,engl& 9 ! same vessel ) myself1 z ,i h relat$ above1 he invit$ all 8 old cr$itors to a fea/4 ,:5 assembl$1 he ?ank$ !m = ! read9ess ) :i* !y _h receiv$ 8 small composition2 &1 :ile !y expect$ no?+ m ?an a simple ent]ta9m5t1 ea* f\nd "u 8 plate1 :5 x came to be remov$1 a draft ^u a bank] = ! residue ( 8 debt1 ) int]e/4 ,he told me t x 0 8 int5tion to c>ry back ) him to ,philadelphia a great quantity ( goods1 9 ord] to op5 a /ore2 & he (f]$ to take me ) him 9 ! capacity ( cl]k1 to keep 8 books1 9 :i* he w\ld in/ruct me1 copy lett]s1 & sup]9t5d ! /ore4 ,he add$1 t z soon z ,i _h acquir$ a k ( m]cantile transactions1 he w\ld improve my situation1 by s5d+ me ) a c>go ( corn & fl\r to ! ,am]ican isl&s1 & by procur+ me o!r lucrative commissions2 s t1 ) good managem5t & economy1 ,i might 9 "t beg9 bus9ess ) advantage = myself4 ,i reli%$ ^! proposals4 ,london began to tire me2 ! agreeable h\rs ,i _h pass$ at ,philadelphia pres5t$ !mselves to my m9d1 & ,i wi%$ to see !m revive4 ,i consequ5tly engag$ myself to ,mr4 ,d5ham1 at a sal>y ( fifty p\nds a ye>4 ,?is 01 inde$ less ?an ,i e>n$ z a compositor1 b !n ,i _h a mu* fair] prospect4 ,i took leave !re=e1 z ,i believ$ = ev]1 ( pr9t+1 & gave myself up entirely to my new occupation1 sp5d+ all my "t ei!r 9 go+ f h\se to h\se ) ,mr4 ,d5ham to pur*ase goods1 or 9 pack+ !m up1 or 9 exp$it+ ! workm51 c4 c4 ,:5 e ?+1 h[ev]1 0 on bo>d1 ,i _h at la/ a few days leisure4 ,dur+ ?is int]val1 ,i 0 "o day s5t = by a g5tleman1 :om ,i knew only by "n4 ,x 0 ,sir ,william ,wyndham4 ,i w5t to 8 h\se4 ,he _h by "s means he>d ( my p]=mances betwe5 ,*elsea & ,blackfri>s1 & t ,i _h taught ! art ( swimm+ to ,wygate & ano!r "y man 9 ! c\rse ( a few h\rs4 ,8 two sons 7 on ! po9t ( sett+ out on _! travels2 he 0 desir\s t !y %\ld previ\sly le>n to swim1 & (f]$ me a v lib]al rew>d if ,i w\ld und]take to in/ruct !m4 ,!y 7 n yet arriv$ 9 t[n1 & ! /ay ,i %\ld make 0 unc]ta92 ,i c\ld n !re=e accept 8 proposal4 ,i 0 l$1 h[ev]1 to suppose f ?is incid5t1 t if ,i _h wi%$ to rema9 9 ,london1 & op5 a swimm+ s*ool1 ,i %\ld p]haps h ga9$ a great deal ( money4 ,?is idea /ruck me s =cibly t1 _h ! (f] be5 made soon]1 ,i %\ld h dismiss$ ! ?\ght ( return+ z yet to ,am]ica4 ,"s ye>s aft]1 y & ,i _h a m important bus9ess to settle ) "o ( ! sons ( ,sir ,william ,wyndham1 !n ,"l ,egremont4 ,b let u n anticipate ev5ts4 ,i ?us pass$ ab\t eighte5 mon?s 9 ,london1 work+ almo/ )\t int]mission at my trade1 avoid+ all exp5ce on my own acc\nt1 except go+ n[ & !n to ! play1 & pur*as+ a few books4 ,b my fri5d ,ralph kept me poor4 ,he ow$ me ab\t tw5ty-sev5 p\nds1 :i* 0 s mu* money lo/2 & :5 consid]$ z tak5 f my little sav+s1 0 a v great sum4 ,i _h1 not)/&+ ?is1 a reg>d = him1 z he possess$ _m amiable qualities4 ,b ?\gh ,i _h done no?+ = myself 9 po9t ( =tune1 ,i _h increas$ my /ock ( k1 ei!r by ! _m excell5t books ,i _h read1 or ! conv]sation ( le>n$ & lit]>y p]sons ) :om ,i 0 acqua9t$4 ,we sail$ f ,graves5d ! #bc;d ( ,july1 #agbf4 ,= ! incid5ts ( my voyage ,i ref] y to my ,j\rnal1 :]e y w f9d all its circum/ances m9utely relat$4 ,we l&$ at ,philadelphia on ! #aa? ( ! foll[+ ,octob]4 ,kei? _h be5 depriv$ ( 8 (fice ( gov]nor1 & 0 succe$$ by ,major ,gordon4 ,i met him walk+ 9 ! /reets z a private individual4 ,he appe>$ a little a%am$ at see+ me1 b pass$ on )\t say+ any ?+4 ,i %\ld h be5 equally a%am$ myself at meet+ ,miss ,read1 _h n h] family1 ju/ly despair+ ( my return aft] read+ my lett]1 advis$ h] to give me up1 & m>ry a pott]1 ( ! "n ( ,rog]s2 to :i* %e cons5t$3 b he nev] made h] happy1 & %e soon sep>at$ f him1 refus+ to cohabit ) him1 or ev5 be> 8 "n1 on acc\nt ( a report :i* prevail$1 ( 8 hav+ ano!r wife4 ,8 skill 9 8 pr(ession _h s$uc$ ,miss ,read's p>5ts2 b he 0 z bad a subject z he 0 excell5t z a workman4 ,he involv$ himself 9 debt1 & fl$1 9 ! ye> #agbg or #agbh1 to ! ,we/ ,indies1 :]e he di$4 ,dur+ my abs5ce ,keim] _h tak5 a m consid]able h\se1 9 :i* he kept a %op1 t 0 well suppli$ ) pap]1 & v>i\s o!r articles4 ,he _h procur$ "s new types1 & a numb] ( workm52 among :om1 h[ev]1 !re 0 n "o :o 0 good = any ?+2 & he appe>$ n to want bus9ess4 ,mr4 ,d5ham took a w>eh\se 9 ,wat]-/reet1 :]e we exhibit$ our commodities4 ,i appli$ myself closely1 /udi$ acc\nts1 & became 9 a %ort "t v exp]t 9 trade4 ,we lodg$ & ate toge!r4 ,he 0 s9c]ely atta*$ to me1 & act$ t[>ds me z if he _h be5 my fa!r4 ,on my side1 ,i respect$ & lov$ him4 ,my situation 0 happy2 b x 0 a happ9ess ( no long duration4 ,e>ly 9 ,febru>y1 #agbg1 :5 ,i ent]$ into my tw5ty-second ye>1 we 7 bo? tak5 ill4 ,i 0 attack$ ) a pleurisy1 :i* _h ne>ly c>ri$ me (f2 ,i suff]$ t]ribly1 & consid]$ x z all ov] ) me4 ,i felt inde$ a sort ( disappo9tm5t :5 ,i f\nd myself likely to recov]1 & regrett$ t ,i _h /ill to exp]i5ce1 soon] or lat]1 ! same disagreeable sc5e aga94 ,i h =gott5 :at 0 ,mr4 ,d5ham's disord]2 b x 0 a t$i\s "o1 & he at la/ sunk "u x4 ,he left me a small legacy 9 8 w1 z a te/imony ( 8 fri5d%ip2 & ,i 0 once m ab&on$ to myself 9 ! wide _w1 ! w>eh\se be+ confid$ to ! c>e ( te/am5t>y executor1 :o dismiss$ me4 ,my bro!r-9-law1 ,holmes1 :o happ5$ to be at ,philadelphia1 advis$ me to return to my =m] pr(ession2 & ,keim] (f]$ me a v consid]able sal>y if ,i w\ld und]take ! managem5t ( 8 pr9t+-(fice1 t he might devote himself entirely to ! sup]9t5d5ce ( 8 %op4 ,8 wife & relations 9 ,london _h giv5 me a bad "* ( him2 & ,i 0 lo?1 = ! pres5t1 to h any conc]n ) him4 ,i endeav\r$ to get employm5t z a cl]k to a m]*ant2 b n readily f9d+ a situation1 ,i 0 induc$ to accept ,keim]'s proposal4 ,! foll[+ 7 ! p]sons ,i f\nd 9 8 pr9t+-h\se3 ,hugh ,m]$i?1 a ,p5nsylvanian1 ab\t ?irty-five ye>s ( age4 ,he _h be5 br\ght up to husb&ry1 0 hone/1 s5sible1 _h "s exp]i5ce1 & 0 fond ( read+2 b too mu* addict$ to dr9k+4 ,/eph5 ,potts1 a "y ru/ic1 j broke f s*ool1 & ( ru/ic education1 ) end[m5ts r above ! common ord]1 & a compet5t portion ( und]/&+ & gaiety2 b a little idle4 ,keim] _h engag$ ^! two at v l[ wages1 :i* he _h promis$ to raise e ?ree mon?s a %ill+ a week1 provid$ _! improvem5t 9 ! typographic art %\ld m]it x4 ,?is future increase ( wages 0 ! bait he _h made use ( to ensn>e !m4 ,m]$i? 0 to "w at ! press1 & ,potts to b9d books1 :i* he _h engag$ to tea* !m1 ?\gh he und]/ood nei!r himself4 ,john ,savage1 an ,iri%man1 :o _h be5 br\ght up to no trade1 & ^: s]vice1 = a p]iod ( f\r ye>s1 ,keim] _h pur*as$ ( ! capta9 ( a %ip4 ,he 0 also to be a pressman4 ,george ,webb1 an ,ox=d s*ol>1 ^: "t he _h 9 l mann] b\ght = f\r ye>s1 int5d+ him = a compositor4 ,i %all speak m ( him pres5tly4 ,la/ly1 ,david ,h>ry1 a c\ntry lad1 :o 0 appr5tic$ to him4 ,i soon p]ceiv$ t ,keim]'s int5tion1 9 engag+ me at a price s mu* above :at he 0 accu/om$ to give1 01 t ,i might =m all ^! raw j\rneym5 & appr5tices1 :o sc>cely co/ him any ?+1 & :o1 be+ ind5tur$1 w\ld1 z soon z !y %\ld be suffici5tly in/ruct$1 enable him to d )\t me4 ,i nev]!less adh]$ to my agreem5t4 ,i put ! (fice 9 ord]1 :i* 0 9 ! utmo/ confusion1 & br\ght 8 p by degrees1 to pay att5tion to _! "w1 & to execute x 9 a m ma/]ly /yle4 ,x 0 s+ul> to see an ,ox=d s*ol> 9 ! condition ( a pur*as$ s]vant4 ,he 0 n m ?an eighte5 ye>s ( age1 & ! foll[+ are ! p>ticul>s he gave me ( himself4 ,born at ,gl\ce/]1 he _h be5 educat$ at a gramm>-s*ool1 & _h di/+ui%$ himself among ! s*ol>s by 8 sup]ior /yle ( act+1 :5 !y repres5t$ dramatic p]=mances4 ,he 0 a memb] ( a lit]>y club 9 ! t[n2 & "s pieces ( 8 composition1 9 prose z well z 9 v]se1 _h be5 ins]t$ 9 ! ,gl\ce/] pap]s4 ,f h5ce he 0 s5t to ,ox=d1 :]e he rema9$ ab\t a ye>3 b he 0 n cont5t$1 & wi%$ above all ?+s to see ,london1 & become an actor4 ,at l5g?1 hav+ receiv$ fifte5 gu9eas to pay 8 qu>t]'s bo>d1 he decamp$ ) ! money1 f ,ox=d1 hid 8 g[n 9 a h$ge1 & travell$ to ,london4 ,!re1 hav+ no fri5d to direct him1 he fell into bad company1 soon squ&]$ 8 fifte5 gu9eas1 c\ld f9d no way ( be+ introduc$ to ! actors1 became contemptible1 pawn$ 8 cloa?s1 & 0 9 want ( bread4 ,z he 0 walk+ along ! /reets1 almo/ fami%$ ) hung]1 & n kn[+ :at to d1 a recruit+-bill 0 put into 8 h&1 :i* (f]$ an imm$iate treat & b\nty-money to :oev] 0 dispos$ to s]ve 9 ,am]ica4 ,he in/antly repair$ to ! h\se ( r5dezv\s1 inli/$ himself1 0 put on bo>d a %ip & convey$ to ,am]ica1 )\t ev] writ+ a l9e to in=m 8 p>5ts :at 0 become ( him4 ,8 m5tal vivacity1 & good natural disposition1 made him an excell5t companion2 b he 0 indol5t1 ?\ghtless1 & to ! la/ degree imprud5t4 ,john1 ! ,iri%man1 soon ran away4 ,i began to live v agreeably ) ! re/4 ,!y respect$ me1 & ! m s z !y f\nd ,keim] incapable ( in/ruct+ !m1 & z !y le>n$ some?+ f me e day4 ,we nev] work$ on a ,saturday1 x be+ ,keim]'s ,sabba?1 s t ,i _h two days a week = read+4 ,i increas$ my acqua9tance ) p]sons ( in=mation & k 9 ! t[n4 ,keim] himself treat$ me ) great civility1 & app>5t e/eem2 & ,i _h no?+ to give me uneas9ess b my debt to ,v]non1 :i* ,i 0 unable to pay1 my sav+s z yet be+ v little4 ,he _h ! goodness1 h[ev]1 n to ask me = ! money4 ,our press 0 frequ5tly 9 want ( ! necess>y quantity ( lett]1 & !re 0 no su* trade z t ( lett]-f\nd] 9 ,am]ica4 ,i _h se5 ! practice ( ?is art at ! h\se ( ,james1 9 ,london1 b _h at ! "t paid x v little att5tion2 ,i h[ev]1 contriv$ to fabricate a m\ld4 ,i made use ( su* lett]s z we _h = pun*es1 f\nd$ new lett]s ( lead 9 mattrices ( clay1 & ?us suppli$ 9 a tol]able mann] ! wants t 7 mo/ press+4 ,i also1 ^u occasion1 engrav$ v>i\s ornam5ts1 made ink1 gave an eye to ! %op--9 %ort1 ,i 0 9 e respect ! factotum4 ,b useful z ,i made myself1 ,i p]ceiv$ t my s]vices became e day ( less importance1 9 proportion z ! o!r m5 improv$2 & :5 ,keim] paid me my second qu>t]'s wages1 he gave me to und]/& !y 7 too heavy1 & t he ?\ght ,i ought to make an abatem5t4 ,he became by degrees less civil1 & assum$ m ! tone ( ma/]4 ,he frequ5tly f\nd fault1 0 difficult to please1 & seem$ always on ! po9t ( com+ to an op5 qu>rel ) me4 ,i cont9u$1 h[ev]1 to be> x pati5tly1 conceiv+ t 8 ill hum\r 0 p>tly occasion$ by ! d]angem5t & emb>rassm5t ( 8 affairs4 ,at la/ a slight incid5t broke our connection4 ,he>+ a noise 9 ! neighb\rhood1 ,i put my head out at ! w9d[1 to see :at 0 ! matt]4 ,keim] be+ 9 ! /reet1 obs]v$ me1 & 9 a l\d & angry tone bid me to m9d my "w2 add+ "s reproa*ful words1 :i* piqu$ me ! m1 z !y 7 utt]$ 9 ! /reet2 & ! neighb\rs1 :om ! same noise attract$ to ! w9d[s1 7 witnesses ( ! mann] 9 :i* ,i 0 treat$4 ,he imm$iately came up to ! pr9t+-room1 :]e he cont9u$ to exclaim aga9/ me4 ,! qu>rel became w>m on bo? sides1 & he gave me notice to quit him at ! expiration ( ?ree mon?s1 z _h be5 agre$ ^u betwe5 u2 regrett+ t he 0 oblig$ to give me s long a t]m4 ,i told him t 8 regret 0 sup]flu\s1 z ,i 0 ready to quit him in/antly2 & ,i took my hat & came out ( ! h\se1 begg+ ,m]$i? to take c>e ( "s ?+s :i* ,i left1 & br+ !m to my lodg+s4 ,m]$i? came to me 9 ! ev5+4 ,we talk$ = "s "t ^u ! qu>rel t _h tak5 place4 ,he _h conceiv$ a great v5]ation = me1 & 0 sorry ,i %\ld quit ! h\se1 :ile he rema9$ 9 x4 ,he dissuad$ me f return+ to my native c\ntry1 z ,i began to ?9k ( do+4 ,he rem9d$ me t ,keim] ow$ m ?an he possess$2 t 8 cr$itors began to be al>m$2 t he kept 8 %op 9 a wret*$ /ate1 (t5 sell+ ?+s at prime co/ = ! sake ( ready money1 & cont9ually giv+ cr$it )\t keep+ any acc\nts2 t ( consequ5ce he mu/ v soon fail1 :i* w\ld occasion a vacancy f :i* ,i might d]ive advantage4 ,i object$ my want ( money4 ,^u :i* he in=m$ me t 8 fa!r _h a v high op9ion ( me1 &1 f a conv]sation t _h pass$ betwe5 !m1 he 0 sure he w\ld advance :atev] might be necess>y to e/abli% u1 if ,i 0 will+ to ent] into p>tn]%ip ) him4 ,my "t ) ,keim]1 add$ he1 w be at an end next spr+4 ,9 ! mean "t we may s5d to ,london = our press & types4 ,i "k t ,i am no workman2 b if y agree to ! proposal1 y\r skill 9 ! bus9ess w be balanc$ by ! capital ,i %all furni%1 & we w %>e ! pr(its equally4 ,8 proposal 0 reasonable1 & ,i fell 9 ) x4 ,8 fa!r1 :o 0 !n 9 t[n1 approv$ ( x4 ,he knew t ,i _h "s asc5dancy ov] 8 son1 z ,i _h be5 able to prevail on him to ab/a9 = a long "t f dr9k+ br&y2 & he hop$ t1 :5 m closely connect$ ) him1 ,i %\ld cure him entirely ( ?is un=tunate habit4 ,i gave ! fa!r a li/ ( :at x w\ld be necess>y to import f ,london4 ,he took x to a m]*ant1 & ! ord] 0 giv54 ,we agre$ to keep ! secret till ! arrival ( ! mat]ials1 & ,i 0 9 ! mean "t to procure "w1 if possible1 9 ano!r pr9t+-h\se2 b !re 0 no place vacant1 & ,i rema9$ idle4 ,aft] "s days1 ,keim] hav+ ! expectation ( be+ employ$ to pr9t "s ,new ,j]sey money-bills1 t w\ld require types & engrav+s :i* ,i only c\ld furni%1 & fe>ful t ,brad=d1 by engag+ me1 might deprive him ( ?is und]tak+1 s5t me a v civil message1 tell+ me t old fri5ds ought n to be disunit$ on acc\nt ( a few words1 :i* 7 ! effect only ( a mom5t>y passion1 & invit+ me to return to him4 ,m]$i? p]suad$ me to comply ) ! invitation1 p>ticul>ly z x w\ld af=d him m opportunities ( improv+ himself 9 ! bus9ess1 by means ( my in/ructions4 ,i did s2 & we liv$ ^u bett] t]ms ?an be=e our sep>ation4 ,he obta9$ ! ,new ,j]sey bus9ess2 &1 9 ord] to execute x1 ,i con/ruct$ a copp]-plate pr9t+-press6 ! fir/ t _h be5 se5 9 ! c\ntry4 ,i engrav$ v>i\s ornam5ts & vignettes = ! bills2 & we repair$ to ,burl+ton toge!r1 :]e ,i execut$ ! :ole to ! g5]al satisfaction2 & he receiv$ a sum ( money = ?is "w1 :i* enabl$ him to keep 8 head above wat] = a consid]able "t long]4 ,at ,burl+ton ,i =m$ an acqua9tance ) ! pr9cipal p]sonages ( ! prov9ce2 _m ( :om 7 commission$ by ! assembly to sup]9t5d ! press1 & to see t no m bills 7 pr9t$ ?an ! law _h prescrib$4 ,accord+ly !y 7 con/antly ) u1 ea* 9 8 turn2 & he t came1 commonly br\ght ) him a fri5d or two to be> him company4 ,my m9d 0 m cultivat$ by read+ ?an ,keim]'s2 & x 0 = ?is reason1 probably1 t !y set m value on my conv]sation4 ,!y took me to _! h\ses1 introduc$ me to _! fri5ds1 & treat$ me ) ! greate/ civility2 :ile ,keim]1 ?\gh ma/]1 saw himself a little neglect$4 ,he 01 9 fact1 a /range animal1 ignorant ( ! common modes ( life1 apt to oppose ) rud5ess g5]ally receiv$ op9ions1 an en?usia/ 9 c]ta9 po9ts ( religion1 disgu/+ly unclean 9 8 p]son1 & a little knavi% )al4 ,we rema9$ !re ne>ly ?ree mon?s1 & at ! expiration ( ?is p]iod ,i c\ld include 9 ! li/ ( my fri5ds1 ,judge ,all51 ,samuel ,bu/il1 secret>y ( ! prov9ce1 ,isaac ,pe>son1 ,joseph ,coop]1 sev]al ( ! ,smi?s1 all memb]s ( ! assembly1 & ,isaac ,decon1 inspector-g5]al4 ,! la/ 0 a %rewd & subtle old man4 ,he told me1 t1 :5 a boy1 8 fir/ employm5t _h be5 t ( c>ry+ clay to ! brick-mak]s2 t he did n le>n to write till he 0 some:at advanc$ 9 life2 & t he 0 aft]w>ds employ$ z an und]l+ to a surveyor1 :o taught him 8 trade1 & t by indu/ry he _h at la/ acquir$ a compet5t =tune4 ,i =esee1 said he "o day to me1 t y w soon supplant ?is man1 speak+ ( ,keim]1 & get a =tune 9 ! bus9ess at ,philadelphia4 ,he 0 :olly ignorant at ! "t1 ( my int5tion ( e/abli%+ myself !re1 or any :]e else4 ,^! fri5ds 7 v s]viceable to me 9 ! end1 z 0 ,i also1 ^u occasion1 to "s ( !m2 & !y h cont9u$ ev] s9ce _! e/eem = me4 ,be=e ,i relate ! p>ticul>s ( my entrance into bus9ess1 x may be prop] to in=m y :at 0 at t "t ! /ate ( my m9d z to moral pr9ciples1 t y may see ! degree ( influ5ce !y _h ^u ! subsequ5t ev5ts ( my life4 ,my p>5ts _h giv5 me betimes religi\s impressions2 & ,i receiv$ f my infancy a pi\s education 9 ! pr9ciples ( ,calv9ism4 ,b sc>cely 0 ,i arriv$ at fifte5 ye>s ( age1 :51 aft] hav+ d\bt$ 9 turn ( diff]5t t5ets1 accord+ z ,i f\nd !m combat$ 9 ! diff]5t books t ,i read1 ,i began to d\bt ( revelation itself4 ,"s volumes aga9/ deism fell into my h&s4 ,!y 7 said to be ! sub/ance ( s]mons prea*$ at ,boyle's lecture4 ,x happ5$ t !y produc$ on me an effect precisely ! rev]se ( :at 0 int5d$ by ! writ]s2 = ! argum5ts ( ! dei/s1 :i* 7 cit$ 9 ord] to be refut$1 appe>$ to me mu* m =cible ?an ! refutation itself4 ,9 a ^w1 ,i soon became a p]fect dei/4 ,my argum5ts p]v]t$ "s o!r "y p]sons1 p>ticul>ly ,coll9s & ,ralph4 ,b 9 ! sequel1 :5 ,i recollect$ t !y _h bo? us$ me extremely ill1 )\t ! smalle/ remorse2 :5 ,i consid]$ ! behavi\r ( ,kei?1 ano!r free-?9k]1 & my own conduct t[>ds ,v]non & ,miss ,read1 :i* at times gave me great uneas9ess1 ,i 0 l$ to suspect t ?is doctr9e1 ?\gh x might be true1 0 n v useful4 ,i began to ent]ta9 a less fav\rable op9ion ( my ,london pamphlet to :i* ,i _h prefix$ z a motto1 ! foll[+ l9es ( ,dryd53 ,:atev] is--is "r2 ?\gh purbl9d man ,sees b a "p ( ! *a91 ! ne>e/ l9k1 ,8 eyes n c>ry+ to ! equal beam ,t poises all above4 ,& ( :i* ! object 0 to prove1 f ! attributes ( ,god1 8 goodness1 wisdom1 & p[]1 t !re c\ld be no su* ?+ z evil 9 ! _w2 t vice & virtue did n 9 reality exi/1 & 7 no?+ m ?an va9 di/9ctions4 ,i no long] reg>d$ x z s blameless a "w z ,i _h =m]ly imag9$2 & ,i suspect$ t "s error mu/ h imp]ceptibly glid$ into my argum5t1 by :i* all ! inf]5ces ,i _h drawn f x _h be5 affect$1 z frequ5tly happ5s 9 metaphysical reason+s4 ,9 a ^w1 ,i 0 at la/ conv9c$ t tru?1 probity1 & s9c]ity 9 transactions betwe5 man & man1 7 ( ! utmo/ importance to ! happ9ess ( life2 & ,i resolv$ f t mom5t1 & wrote ! resolution 9 my j\rnal1 to practise !m z long z ,i liv$4 ,revelation1 inde$1 z su*1 _h no influ5ce on my m9d2 b ,i 0 ( op9ion t1 ?\gh c]ta9 actions c\ld n be bad m]ely because revelation _h prohibit$ !m1 or good because x enjo9$ !m1 yet x 0 probable t ^? actions 7 prohibit$ because !y 7 bad = u1 or enjo9$ because advantage\s 9 _! nature1 all ?+s consid]$4 ,?is p]suasion1 div9e provid5ce1 or "s gu>dian angel1 & p]haps a concurr5ce ( fav\rable circum/ances co-op]at+1 pres]v$ me f all immorality1 or gross & volunt>y1 inju/ice1 to :i* my want ( religion 0 calculat$ to expose me1 9 ! dang]\s p]iod ( y\?1 & 9 ! haz>d\s situations 9 :i* ,i sometimes f\nd myself1 among /rang]s1 & at a di/ance f ! eye & admonitions ( my fa!r4 ,i may say volunt>y1 because ! errors into :i* ,i _h fall51 _h be5 9 a mann] ! =c$ result ei!r ( my own inexp]i5ce1 or ! di%one/y ( o!rs4 ,?us1 be=e ,i ent]$ on my new c>e]1 ,i _h imbib$ solid pr9ciples1 & a "* ( probity4 ,i knew _! value2 & ,i made a solemn engagem5t ) myself nev] to dep>t f !m4 ,i _h n long return$ f ,burl+ton be=e our pr9t+ mat]ials arriv$ f ,london4 ,i settl$ my acc\nts ) ,keim]1 & quitt$ him1 ) 8 own cons5t1 be=e he _h any k ( our plan4 ,we f\nd a h\se to let ne> ! m>ket4 ,we took x2 & to r5d] ! r5t less burd5some1 7x 0 !n tw5ty-f\r p\nds a ye>1 b ,i h s9ce kn[n x let = sev5ty17 we admitt$ ,?omas ,godfrey1 a glazi]1 ) 8 family1 :o eas$ u ( a consid]able "p ( x2 & ) him we agre$ to bo>d4 ,we _h no soon] unpack$ our lett]s1 & put our press 9 ord]1 ?an a p]son ( my acqua9tance1 ,george ,h\se1 br\ght u a c\ntryman1 :om he _h met 9 ! /reets enquir+ = a pr9t]4 ,our money 0 almo/ exhau/$ by ! numb] ( ?+s we _h be5 oblig$ to procure4 ,! five %ill+s we receiv$ f ?is c\ntryman1 ! fir/ fruits ( our e>n+s1 com+ s seasonably1 gave me m pleasure ?an any sum ,i h s9ce ga9$2 & ! recollection ( ! gratitude ,i felt on ?is occasion to ,george ,h\se1 has r5d]$ me (t5 m dispos$1 ?an p]haps ,i %\ld o!rwise h be51 to enc\rage "y beg9n]s 9 trade4 ,!re are 9 e c\ntry morose be+s1 :o are always progno/icat+ ru94 ,!re 0 "o ( ?is /amp at ,philadelphia4 ,he 0 a man ( =tune1 decl9+ 9 ye>s1 _h an air ( wisdom1 & a v grave mann] ( speak+4 ,8 "n 0 ,samuel ,mickle4 ,i knew him n2 b he /opp$ "o day at my door1 & ask$ me if ,i 0 ! "y man :o _h lately op5$ a new pr9t+-h\se4 ,^u my answ]+ 9 ! affirmative1 he said he 0 v sorry = me1 z x 0 an exp5sive und]tak+1 & ! money t _h be5 laid out ^u x w\ld be lo/1 ,philadelphia be+ a place fall+ into decay2 its inhabitants hav+ all1 or ne>ly all ( !m1 be5 oblig$ to call toge!r _! cr$itors4 ,t he knew1 f und\bt$ fact1 ! circum/ances :i* might lead u to suppose ! contr>y1 su* z new build+s1 & ! advanc$ price ( r5t1 to be deceitful appe>ances1 :i*1 9 reality1 contribut$ to ha/5 ! g5]al ru92 & he gave me s long a detail ( mis=tunes1 actually exi/+1 or :i* 7 soon to take place1 t he left me almo/ 9 a /ate ( despair4 ,_h ,i kn[n ?is man be=e ,i ent]$ into trade1 ,i %\ld d\btless nev] h v5tur$4 ,he cont9u$1 h[ev]1 to live 9 ?is place ( decay1 & to declaim 9 ! same /yle1 refus+ = _m ye>s to buy a h\se because all 0 go+ to wreck2 & 9 ! end ,i _h ! satisfaction to see him pay five times z mu* = "o z x w\ld h co/ him _h he pur*as$ x :5 he fir/ began 8 lam5tations4 ,i ought to h relat$1 t1 dur+ ! autumn ( ! prec$+ ye>1 ,i _h unit$ ! majority ( well-in=m$ p]sons ( my acqua9tance into a club1 :i* we call$ by ! "n ( ! ,junto1 & ! object ( :i* 0 to improve our und]/&+s4 ,we met e ,friday ev5+4 ,! regulations ,i drew up1 oblig$ e memb] to propose1 9 8 turn1 "o or m que/ions ^u "s po9t ( morality1 politics1 or philosophy1 :i* 7 to be discuss$ by ! society2 & to read1 once 9 ?ree mon?s1 an essay ( 8 own composition1 on :atev] subject he pleas$4 ,our debates 7 "u ! direction ( a presid5t1 & 7 to be dictat$ only by a s9c]e desire ( tru?2 ! pleasure ( disput+1 & ! vanity ( triumph hav+ no %>e 9 ! bus9ess2 & 9 ord] to prev5t undue w>m?1 e expression :i* impli$ ob/9ate adh]5ce to an op9ion1 & all direct contradiction1 7 prohibit$1 "u small pecuni>y p5alties4 ,! fir/ memb]s ( our club 7 ,joseph ,bre9tnal1 ^: occupation 0 t ( a scriv5]4 ,he 0 a middle-ag$ man1 ( a good natural disposition1 /rongly atta*$ to 8 fri5ds1 a great lov] ( poetry1 read+ e ?+ t came 9 8 way1 & writ+ tol]ably well1 +5i\s 9 _m little trifles1 & ( an agreeable conv]sation4 ,?omas ,godfrey1 a skilful1 ?\gh self-taught ma!matician1 & :o 0 aft]w>ds ! inv5tor ( :at n[ goes by ! "n ( ,hadley's quadrant2 b he _h little k out ( 8 own l9e1 & 0 insupportable 9 company1 always requir+1 l ! majority ( ma!maticians t _h fall5 9 my way1 an unusual precision 9 e ?+ t is said1 cont9ually contradict+1 or mak+ trifl+ di/9ctions2 a sure way ( defeat+ all ! ends ( conv]sation4 ,he v soon left u4 ,ni*olas ,scull1 a surveyor1 & :o became aft]w>ds1 surveyor-g5]al4 ,he 0 fond ( books1 & wrote v]ses4 ,william ,p>sons1 br\ght up to ! trade ( a %oe-mak]1 b :o1 hav+ a ta/e = read+1 _h acquir$ a pr(\nd k ( ma!matics4 ,he fir/ /udi$ !m ) a view to a/rology1 & 01 aft]w>ds1 ! fir/ to laugh at 8 folly4 ,he also became surveyor-g5]al4 ,william ,mawgridge1 a jo9]1 & v excell5t me*anic2 & 9 o!r respects a man ( solid und]/&+4 ,hugh ,m]$i?1 ,/eph5 ,potts1 & ,george ,webb1 ( :om ,i h already spok54 ,rob]t ,grace1 a "y man ( =tune2 g5]\s1 animat$1 & witty2 fond ( epigrams1 b m fond ( 8 fri5ds4 ,& la/ly1 ,william ,coleman1 at t "t a m]*ant's cl]k1 & ne>ly ( my own age4 ,he _h a cool] & cle>] head1 a bett] he>t1 & m scrupul\s morals1 ?an almo/ any o!r p]son ,i h ev] met )4 ,he became a v respectable m]*ant1 & "o ( our prov9cial judges4 ,our fri5d%ip subsi/$1 )\t int]ruption1 = m ?an =ty ye>s1 till ! p]iod ( 8 dea?2 & ! club cont9u$ to exi/ almo/ z long4 ,?is 0 ! be/ s*ool ( politics & philosophy t !n exi/$ 9 ! prov9ce2 = our que/ions1 :i* 7 read a week previ\s to _! discussion1 induc$ u to p]use att5tively su* books z 7 writt5 ^u ! subjects propos$1 t we might be able to speak ^u !m m p]t95tly4 ,we ?us acquir$ ! habit ( conv]s+ m agreeably2 e object be+ discuss$ con=mably to our regulations1 & 9 a mann] to prev5t mutual disgu/4 ,to ?is circum/ance may be attribut$ ! long duration ( ! club2 :i* ,i %all h frequ5t occasion to m5tion z ,i proce$4 ,i h introduc$ x "h1 z be+ "o ( ! means on :i* ,i _h to c\nt = success 9 my bus9ess1 e memb] ex]t+ himself to procure "w = u4 ,bre9tnal1 among o!rs1 obta9$ = u1 on ! "p ( ! ,quak]s1 ! pr9t+ ( =ty %eets ( _! hi/ory2 ( :i* ! re/ 0 to be done by ,keim]4 ,our execution ( ?is "w 0 by no means ma/]ly2 z ! price 0 v l[4 ,x 0 9 folio1 ^u pro patria pap]1 & 9 ! pica lett]1 ) heavy notes 9 ! smalle/ type4 ,i compos$ a %eet a-day1 & ,m]$i? put x to ! press4 ,x 0 frequ5tly elev5 o'clock at night1 sometimes lat]1 be=e ,i _h f9i%$ my di/ribution = ! next day's task2 = ! little ?+s :i* our fri5ds occasionally s5t u1 kept u back 9 ?is "w3 b ,i 0 s det]m9$ to compose a %eet a-day1 t "o ev5+1 :5 my =m 0 impos$1 & my day's "w1 z ,i ?\ght1 at an end1 an accid5t hav+ brok5 ?is =m1 & d]ang$ two complete folio pages1 ,i imm$iately di/ribut$1 & compos$ !m anew be=e ,i w5t to b$4 ,?is unwe>i$ indu/ry1 :i* 0 p]ceiv$ by our neighb\rs1 began to acquire u reputation & cr$it4 ,i le>n$1 among o!r ?+s1 t our new pr9t+-h\se be+ ! subject ( conv]sation at a club ( m]*ants1 :o met e ev5+1 x 0 ! g5]al op9ion t x w\ld fail2 !re be+ already two pr9t+-h\ses 9 ! t[n1 ,keim]'s & ,brad=d's4 ,b ,dr4 ,b>d1 :om y & ,i _h occasion to see1 _m ye>s aft]1 at 8 native t[n ( ,/4 ,&rew's1 9 ,scotl&1 0 ( a diff]5t op9ion4 ,! indu/ry ( ?is ,frankl91 7said he17 is sup]ior to any ?+ ( ! k9d ,i ev] witness$4 ,i see him /ill at "w :5 ,i return f ! club at night1 & he is at x aga9 9 ! morn+ be=e 8 neighb\rs are out ( b$4 ,?is acc\nt /ruck ! re/ ( ! assembly1 & %ortly aft]1 "o ( its memb]s came to our h\se1 & (f]$ to supply u ) articles ( /ation>y2 b we wi%$ n z yet to emb>rass ourselves ) keep+ a %op4 ,x is n = ! sake ( applause t ,i ent] s freely into ! p>ticul>s ( my indu/ry1 b t su* ( my desc5dants z %all read ^! memoirs may "k ! use ( ?is virtue1 by see+ 9 ! recital ( my life ! effects x op]at$ 9 my fav\r4 ,george ,webb1 hav+ f\nd a fri5d :o l5t him ! necess>y sum to buy out 8 "t ( ,keim]1 came "o day to (f] himself to u z a j\rneyman4 ,we c\ld n employ him imm$iately2 b ,i fooli%ly told him1 "u ! rose1 t ,i int5d$ %ortly to publi% a new p]iodical pap]1 & t we %\ld !n h "w = him4 ,my hopes ( success1 :i* ,i imp>t$ to him1 7 f\nd$ on ! circum/ance1 t ! only pap] we _h 9 ,philadelphia at t "t1 & :i* ,brad=d pr9t$1 0 a paltry ?+1 mis]ably conduct$1 9 no respect amus+1 & :i* yet 0 pr(itable4 ,i consequ5tly suppos$ t a good "w ( ?is k9d c\ld n fail ( success4 ,webb betray$ my secret to ,keim]1 :o1 to prev5t me1 imm$iately publi%$ ! prospectus ( a pap] t he int5d$ to in/itute himself1 & 9 :i* ,webb 0 to be engag$4 ,i 0 exasp]at$ at ?is proce$+1 &1 ) a view to c\nt]act !m1 n be+ able at pres5t to in/itute my own pap]1 ,i wrote "s hum\r\s pieces 9 ,brad=d's1 "u ! title ( ! ,busy ,body#e2 & :i* 0 cont9u$ = sev]al mon?s by ,bre9tnal4 ,i h]eby fix$ ! att5tion ( ! public ^u ,brad=d's pap]2 & ! prospectus ( ,keim]1 :i* we turn$ into ridicule1 0 treat$ ) contempt4 ,he began1 not)/&+1 8 pap]2 & aft] cont9u+ x = n9e mon?s1 hav+ at mo/ n m ?an n9ety subscrib]s1 he (f]$ x me = a m]e trifle4 ,i _h = "s "t be5 ready = su* an engagem5t2 ,i !re=e in/antly took x ^u myself1 &1 9 a few ye>s1 x prov$ extremely pr(itable to me4 ,i p]ceive t ,i am apt to speak 9 ! fir/ p]son1 ?\gh our p>tn]%ip /ill cont9u$4 ,x is1 p]haps1 because1 9 fact1 ! :ole bus9ess devolv$ ^u me4 ,m]$i? 0 no compositor1 & b an indiff]5t pressman2 & x 0 r>ely t he ab/a9$ f h>d dr9k+4 ,my fri5ds 7 sorry to see me connect$ ) him2 b ,i contriv$ to d]ive f x ! utmo/ advantage ! case admitt$4 ,our fir/ numb] produc$ no o!r effect ?an any o!r pap] :i* _h appe>$ 9 ! prov9ce1 z to type & pr9t+2 b "s rem>ks1 9 my peculi> /yle ( writ+1 ^u ! dispute :i* !n prevail$ betwe5 gov]nor ,burnet & ! ,massa*usetts assembly1 /ruck "s p]sons z above m$iocrity1 caus$ ! pap] & its editors to be talk$ (1 & 9 a few weeks1 induc$ !m to become our subscrib]s4 ,_m o!rs foll[$ _! example2 & our subscription cont9u$ to increase4 ,?is 0 "o ( ! fir/ good effects ( ! pa9s ,i _h tak5 to le>n to put my ideas on pap]4 ,i d]iv$ ?is f>!r advantage f x1 t ! lead+ m5 ( ! place1 see+ 9 ! au?or ( ?is publication a man s well able to use 8 p51 ?\ght x "r to patronize & enc\rage me4 ,! votes1 laws1 & o!r public pieces1 7 pr9t$ by ,brad=d4 ,an address ( ! h\se ( assembly to ! gov]nor _h be5 execut$ by him 9 a v co>se & incorrect mann]4 ,we repr9t$ x ) accuracy & neatness1 & s5t a copy to e memb]4 ,!y p]ceiv$ ! diff]5ce2 & x s /r5g!n$ ! influ5ce ( our fri5ds 9 ! assembly1 t we 7 nom9at$ its pr9t] = ! foll[+ ye>4 ,among ^! fri5ds ,i ought n to =get "o memb] 9 p>ticul>1 ,mr4 ,hamilton1 :om ,i h m5tion$ 9 a =m] "p ( my n>rative1 & :o 0 n[ return$ f ,engl&4 ,he w>mly int]e/$ himself = me on ?is occasion1 z he did likewise on _m o!rs aft]w>ds2 hav+ cont9u$ 8 k9dness to me till 8 dea?4 ,ab\t ?is p]iod ,mr4 ,v]non rem9d$ me ( ! debt ,i ow$ him1 b )\t press+ me = paym5t4 ,i wrote a h&some lett] on ! occasion1 begg+ him to wait a little long]1 to :i* he cons5t$2 & z soon z ,i 0 able ,i paid him1 pr9cipal & int]e/1 ) _m expressions ( gratitude2 s t ?is error ( my life 0 9 a mann] aton$ =4 ,b ano!r tr\ble n[ happ5$ to me1 :i* ,i _h n ! smalle/ reason to expect4 ,m]$i?'s fa!r1 :o1 accord+ to our agreem5t1 0 to defray ! :ole exp5ce ( our pr9t+ mat]ials1 _h only paid a hundr$ p\nds4 ,ano!r hundr$ 0 /ill due1 & ! m]*ant be+ tir$ ( wait+1 comm5c$ a suit aga9/ u4 ,we bail$ ! action1 b ) ! melan*oly prospect1 t1 if ! money 0 n =?com+ at ! "t fix$1 ! affair w\ld come to issue1 judgm5t be put 9 execution1 our delightful hopes be annihilat$1 & ourselves entirely ru9$2 z ! type & press mu/ be sold1 p]haps1 at half _! value1 to pay ! debt4 ,9 ?is di/ress1 two real fri5ds1 ^: g5]\s conduct ,i h nev] =gott51 & nev] %all =get :ile ,i reta9 ! remembrance ( any ?+1 came to me sep>ately1 )\t ! k ( ea* o!r1 & )\t my hav+ appli$ to ei!r ( !m4 ,ea* (f]$ me :atev] money might be necess>y to take ! bus9ess into my own h&s1 if ! ?+ 0 practicable1 z !y did n l ,i %\ld cont9ue 9 p>tn]%ip ) ,m]$i?1 :o1 !y said1 0 frequ5tly se5 drunk 9 ! /reets1 & gambl+ at ale-h\ses1 :i* v mu* injur$ our cr$it4 ,^! fri5ds 7 ,william ,coleman & ,rob]t ,grace4 ,i told !m1 t :ile !re rema9$ any probability t ! ,m]$i?s w\ld fulfil _! "p ( ! compact1 ,i c\ld n propose a sep>ation1 z ,i conceiv$ myself to be "u obligations to !m = :at !y _h done already1 & 7 /ill dispos$ to d1 if !y _h ! p[]2 b1 9 ! end1 %\ld !y fail 9 _! engagem5t1 & our p>tn]%ip be dissolv$1 ,i %\ld !n ?9k myself at lib]ty to accept ! k9dness ( my fri5ds4 ,?+s rema9$ = "s "t 9 ?is /ate4 ,at la/1 ,i said "o day to my p>tn]1 ,y\r fa!r is1 p]haps1 dissatisfi$ ) y\r hav+ a %>e only 9 ! bus9ess1 & is unwill+ to d = two1 :at he w\ld d = y alone4 ,tell me frankly if t be ! case1 & ,i w resign ! :ole to y1 & d = myself z well z ,i c4--,no1 7said he17 my fa!r has really be5 disappo9t$ 9 8 hopes2 he is n able to pay1 & ,i wi% to put him to no f>!r inconv5i5ce4 ,i see t ,i am n at all calculat$ = a pr9t]2 ,i 0 educat$ z a f>m]1 & x 0 absurd 9 me to come "h1 at ?irty ye>s ( age1 & b9d myself appr5tice to a new trade4 ,_m ( my c\ntrym5 are go+ to settle 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 :]e ! soil is exce$+ly fav\rable4 ,i am tempt$ to g ) !m1 & to resume my =m] occupation4 ,y w d\btless f9d fri5ds :o w assi/ y4 ,if y w take ^u y\rself ! debts ( ! p>tn]%ip1 return my fa!r ! hundr$ p\nds he has advanc$1 pay my little p]sonal debts1 & give me ?irty p\nds & a new saddle1 ,i w r5\nce ! p>tn]%ip1 & consign ov] ! :ole /ock to y4 ,i accept$ ?is proposal )\t hesitation4 ,x 0 committ$ to pap]1 & sign$ & seal$ )\t delay4 ,i gave him :at he dem&$1 & he dep>t$ soon aft] = ,c>ol9a1 f :5ce he s5t me1 9 ! foll[+ ye>1 two long lett]s1 conta9+ ! be/ acc\nts t _h yet be5 giv5 ( t c\ntry1 z to climate1 soil1 agriculture1 c4 = he 0 well v]s$ 9 ^! matt]s4 ,i publi%$ !m 9 my newspap]1 & !y 7 receiv$ ) great satisfaction4 ,z soon z he 0 gone1 ,i appli$ to my two fri5ds1 & n wi%+ to give a disoblig+ pref]5ce to ei!r ( !m1 ,i accept$ f ea*1 half :at he _h (f]$ me1 & :i* x 0 necess>y ,i %\ld h4 ,i paid ! p>tn]%ip debts1 & cont9u$ ! bus9ess on my own acc\nt2 tak+ c>e to in=m ! public1 by adv]tisem5t1 ( ! p>tn]%ip be+ dissolv$4 ,?is 01 ,i ?9k1 9 ! ye> #agbi1 or !reab\t4 ,ne>ly at ! same p]iod1 ! p dem&$ a new emission ( pap] money2 ! exi/+ & only "o t _h tak5 place 9 ! prov9ce1 & :i* am\nt$ to fifte5 ?\s& p\nds1 be+ soon to expire4 ,! weal?y inhabitants1 prejudic$ aga9/ e sort ( pap] curr5cy1 f ! fe> ( its depreciation1 ( :i* !re _h be5 an in/ance 9 ! prov9ce ( ,new ,engl&1 to ! injury ( its hold]s1 /rongly oppos$ ! measure4 ,we _h discuss$ ?is affair 9 our ,junto1 9 :i* ,i 0 on ! side ( ! new emission2 conv9c$ t ! fir/ small sum1 fabricat$ 9 #agbc1 _h done mu* good 9 ! prov9ce1 by fav\r+ comm]ce1 indu/ry1 & population1 s9ce all ! h\ses 7 n[ inhabit$1 & _m o!rs build+2 :]eas ,i rememb]$ to h se51 :5 ,i fir/ p>ad$ ! /reets ( ,philadelphia eat+ my roll1 ! majority ( ^? 9 ,walnut-/reet1 ,second-/reet1 ,f\r?-/reet1 z well z a great numb] 9 ,*esnut & o!r /reets1 ) pap]s on !m signify+ t !y 7 to be let2 :i* made me ?9k at ! "t t ! inhabitants ( ! t[n 7 des]t+ x "o aft] ano!r4 ,our debates made me s fully ma/] ( ! subject1 t ,i wrote & publi%$ an anonym\s pamphlet1 entitl$1 ,an ,enquiry into ! ,nature & ,necessity ( a ,pap] curr5cy4 ,x 0 v well receiv$ by ! l[] & middl+ class ( p2 b x displeas$ ! opul5t1 z x increas$ ! clam\r 9 fav\r ( ! new emission4 ,hav+1 h[ev]1 no writ] among !m capable ( answ]+ x1 _! opposition became less viol5t2 & !re be+ 9 ! h\se ( assembly a majority = ! measure1 x pass$4 ,! fri5ds ,i _h acquir$ 9 ! h\se1 p]suad$ t ,i _h done ! c\ntry ess5tial s]vice on ?is occasion1 rew>d$ me by giv+ me ! pr9t+ ( ! bills4 ,x 0 a lucrative employm5t1 & prov$ a v seasonable help to me2 ano!r advantage :i* ,i d]iv$ f hav+ habituat$ myself to write4 ,"t & exp]i5ce s fully demon/rat$ ! utility ( pap] curr5cy1 t x nev] aft] exp]i5c$ any consid]able opposition2 s t x soon am\nt$ to #ee1jjjl4 & 9 ! ye> #agci1 to #hj1jjjl4 ,x has s9ce ris51 dur+ ! la/ w>1 to #cej1jjjl41 trade1 build+s & population1 hav+ 9 ! int]val cont9ually increas$3 b ,i am n[ conv9c$ t !re are limits beyond :i* pap] money w\ld be prejudicial4 ,i soon aft] obta9$1 by ! influ5ce ( my fri5d ,hamilton1 ! pr9t+ ( ! ,newca/le pap] money1 ano!r pr(itable "w1 z ,i !n ?\ght x1 little ?+s appe>+ great to p]sons ( mod]ate =tune2 & !y 7 really great to me1 z prov+ great enc\ragem5ts4 ,he also procur$ me ! pr9t+ ( ! laws & votes ( t gov]nm5t1 :i* ,i reta9$ z long z ,i cont9u$ 9 ! bus9ess4 ,i n[ op5$ a small /ation]'s %op4 ,i kept bonds & agreem5ts ( all k9ds1 drawn up 9 a m accurate =m ?an _h yet be5 se5 9 t "p ( ! _w2 a "w 9 :i* ,i 0 assi/$ by my fri5d ,bre9tnal4 ,i _h also pap]1 p>*m5t1 pa/ebo>d1 books1 c4 ,"o ,:itema%1 an excell5t compositor1 :om ,i _h kn[n 9 ,london1 came to (f] himself1 ,i engag$ him3 & he cont9u$ con/antly & dilig5tly to "w ) me4 ,i also took an appr5tice1 ! son ( ,aquila ,rose4 ,i began to pay1 by degrees1 ! debt ,i _h contract$2 &1 9 ord] to insure my cr$it & "* z a tradesman1 ,i took c>e n only to be really indu/ri\s & frugal1 b also to avoid e appe>ance ( ! contr>y4 ,i 0 pla9ly dress$1 & nev] se5 9 any place ( public amusem5t4 ,i nev] w5t a fi%+ or hunt+4 ,a book1 inde$1 entic$ me sometimes f my "w1 b x 0 seldom1 by /eal?1 & occasion$ no sc&al2 & to %[ t ,i did n ?9k myself above my pr(ession1 ,i convey$ home1 sometimes 9 a :eelb>r[1 ! pap] ,i pur*as$ at ! w>eh\ses4 ,i ?us obta9$ ! reputation ( be+ an indu/ri\s "y man1 & v punctual 9 8 paym5ts4 ,! m]*ants :o import$ articles ( /ation>y solicit$ my cu/om2 o!rs (f]$ to furni% me ) books1 & my little trade w5t on prosp]\sly4 ,mean:ile ! cr$it & bus9ess ( ,keim] dim9i%+ e day1 he 0 at la/ =c$ to sell 8 /ock to satisfy 8 cr$itors2 & he betook himself to ,b>badoes1 :]e he liv$ = sometime 9 a v impov]i%$ /ate4 ,8 appr5tice1 ,david ,h>ry1 :om ,i _h in/ruct$ :ile ,i work$ = ,keim]1 hav+ b\ght 8 mat]ials1 succe$$ him 9 ! bus9ess4 ,i 0 appreh5sive1 at fir/1 ( f9d+ 9 ,h>ry a p[]ful competitor1 z he 0 alli$ to an opul5t & respectable family2 ,i !re=e propos$ a p>tn]%ip1 :i*1 happily = me1 he reject$ ) disda94 ,he 0 extremely pr\d1 ?\ght himself a f9e g5tleman1 liv$ extravagantly1 & pursu$ amusem5ts :i* suff]$ him to be sc>cely ev] at home2 ( consequ5ce he became 9 debt1 neglect$ 8 bus9ess1 & bus9ess neglect$ him4 ,f9d+ 9 a %ort "t no?+ to d 9 ! c\ntry1 he foll[$ ,keim] to ,b>badoes1 c>ry+ 8 pr9t+ mat]ials ) him4 ,!re ! appr5tice employ$ 8 old ma/] z a j\rneyman4 ,!y 7 cont9ually qu>rell+2 & ,h>ry /ill gett+ 9 debt1 0 oblig$ at la/ to sell 8 press & types1 & return to 8 old occupation ( husb&ry 9 ,p5nsylvania4 ,! p]son :o pur*as$ !m employ$ ,keim] to manage ! bus9ess2 b he di$ a few ye>s aft]4 ,i _h n[ at ,philadelphia no competitor b ,brad=d1 :o1 be+ 9 easy circum/ances1 did n engage 9 ! pr9t+ ( books1 except n[ & !n z workm5 *anc$ to (f] !mselves2 & 0 n anxi\s to ext5d 8 trade4 ,he _h1 h[ev]1 "o advantage ov] me1 z he _h ! direction ( ! po/-(fice1 & 0 ( consequ5ce suppos$ to h bett] opportunities ( obta9+ news4 ,8 pap] 0 also suppos$ to be m advantage\s to adv]tis+ cu/om]s2 & 9 consequ5ce ( t supposition1 8 adv]tisem5ts 7 mu* m num]\s ?an m9e3 ?is 0 a s\rce ( great pr(it to him1 & disadvantage\s to me4 ,x 0 to no purpose t ,i really procur$ o!r pap]s1 & di/ribut$ my own1 by means ( ! po/2 ! public took = grant$ my inability 9 ?is respect2 & ,i 0 inde$ unable to conqu] x 9 any o!r mode ?an by brib+ ! po/-boys1 :o s]v$ me only by /eal?1 ,brad=d be+ s illib]al z to =bid !m4 ,?is treatm5t ( 8 excit$ my res5tm5t2 & my disgu/ 0 s root$1 t1 :5 ,i aft]w>ds succe$$ him 9 ! po/-(fice1 ,i took c>e to avoid copy+ 8 example4 ,i _h hi!rto cont9u$ to bo>d ) ,godfrey1 :o1 ) 8 wife & *ildr51 occupi$ "p ( my h\se1 & half ( ! %op = 8 bus9ess2 at :i* inde$ he work$ v little1 be+ always absorb$ by ma!matics4 ,mrs4 ,godfrey =m$ a wi% ( m>ry+ me to ! daught] ( "o ( h] relations4 ,%e contriv$ v>i\s opportunities ( br++ u toge!r1 till %e saw t ,i 0 captivat$2 :i* 0 n difficult1 ! lady 9 "q possess+ great p]sonal m]it4 ,! p>5ts enc\rag$ my addresses1 by invit+ me cont9ually to supp]1 & leav+ u toge!r1 till at la/ x 0 "t to come to an explanation4 ,mrs4 ,godfrey und]took to negociate our little treaty4 ,i gave h] to und]/&1 t ,i expect$ to receive ) ! "y lady a sum ( money t w\ld enable me at lea/ to dis*>ge ! rema9d] ( ! debt = my pr9t+ mat]ials4 ,x 0 !n1 ,i believe1 n m ?an a hundr$ p\nds4 ,%e br\ght me = answ]1 t !y _h no su* sum at _! disposal4 ,i obs]v$ t x might easily be obta9$1 by a mortgage on _! h\se4 ,! reply to ?is 01 aft] a few days int]val1 t !y did n approve ( ! mat*2 t !y _h consult$ ,brad=d1 & f\nd t ! bus9ess ( a pr9t] 0 n lucrative2 t my lett]s w\ld soon be worn out1 & mu/ be suppli$ ) new ones2 t ,keim] & ,h>ry _h fail$1 & t1 probably1 ,i %\ld d s too4 ,accord+ly !y =bade me ! h\se1 & ! "y lady 0 conf9$4 ,i "k n if !y _h really *ang$ _! m9ds1 or if x 0 m]ely an artifice1 suppos+ our affections to be too f> engag$ = u to desi/1 & t we %\ld contrive to m>ry secretly1 :i* w\ld leave !m at lib]ty to give or n z !y pleas$4 ,b1 suspect+ ?is motive1 ,i nev] w5t aga9 to _! h\se4 ,"s "t aft]1 ,mrs4 ,godfrey in=m$ me t !y 7 v fav\rably dispos$ t[>ds me1 & wi%$ me to r5ew ! acqua9tance2 b ,i decl>$ a firm resolution nev] to h any ?+ m to d ) ! family4 ,! ,godfreys express$ "s res5tm5t at ?is3 & z we c\ld no long] agree1 !y *ang$ _! resid5ce1 leav+ me 9 possession ( ! :ole h\se4 ,i !n resolv$ to take no m lodg]s4 ,?is affair hav+ turn$ my ?\ghts to m>riage1 ,i look$ ar\nd me1 & made ov]tures ( alliance 9 o!r qu>t]s3 b ,i soon f\nd t ! pr(ession ( a pr9t] be+ g5]ally look$ ^u z a poor trade1 ,i c\ld expect no money ) a wife1 at lea/1 if ,i wi%$ h] to possess any o!r *>m4 ,mean:ile1 t passion ( y\?1 s difficult to gov]n1 _h (t5 drawn me into intrigues ) despicable wom5 :o fell 9 my way2 :i* 7 n unaccompani$ ) exp5ce & inconv5i5ce1 besides ! p]petual risk ( injur+ my heal?1 & cat*+ a disease :i* ,i dread$ above all ?+s4 ,b ,i 0 =tunate en\gh to escape ?is dang]4 ,z a neighb\r & old acqua9tance1 ,i _h kept up a fri5dly intimacy ) ! family ( ,miss ,read4 ,h] p>5ts _h reta9$ an affection = me f ! "t ( my lodg+ 9 _! h\se4 ,i 0 (t5 invit$ ?i!r2 !y consult$ me ab\t _! affairs1 & ,i _h be5 sometimes s]viceable to !m4 ,i 0 t\*$ ) ! unhappy situation ( _! daught]1 :o 0 almo/ always melan*oly1 & cont9ually seek+ solitude4 ,i reg>d$ my =getfulness & incon/ancy1 dur+ my abode 9 ,london1 z ! pr9cipal cause ( h] mis=tune1 ?\gh h] "m _h ! c&\r to attribute ! fault to h]self1 r ?an to me1 because aft] hav+ prev5t$ our m>riage previ\sly to my dep>ture1 %e _h induc$ h] to m>ry ano!r 9 my abs5ce4 ,our mutual affection reviv$2 b !re exi/$ great ob/acles to our union4 ,h] m>riage 0 consid]$1 inde$1 z n be+ valid1 ! man hav+1 x 0 said1 a =m] wife /ill liv+ 9 ,engl&2 b ( ?is x 0 difficult to obta9 a pro( at s great a di/ance2 & ?\gh a report prevail$ ( 8 be+ dead1 yet we _h no c]ta9ty ( x2 & suppos+ x to be true1 he _h left _m debts1 = ! paym5t ( :i* 8 successor might be su$4 ,we v5tur$1 nev]!less1 9 spite ( all ^! difficulties2 & ,i m>ri$ h] on ! #a/ ( ,septemb]1 #agcj4 ,none ( ! inconv5i5ces we _h fe>$ happ5$ to u4 ,%e prov$ to me a good & fai?ful companion1 & contribut$ ess5tially to ! success ( my %op4 ,we prosp]$ toge!r1 & x 0 our mutual /udy to r5d] ea* o!r happy4 ,?us ,i correct$1 z well z ,i c\ld1 ?is great error ( my y\?4 ,our club 0 n at t "t e/abli%$ at a tav]n4 ,we held our meet+s at ! h\se ( ,mr4 ,grace1 :o appropriat$ a room to ! purpose4 ,"s memb] obs]v$ "o day1 t z our books 7 frequ5tly quot$ 9 ! c\rse ( our discussions1 x w\ld be conv5i5t to h !m collect$ 9 ! room 9 :i* we assembl$1 9 ord] to be consult$ ^u occasion2 & t1 by ?us =m+ a common libr>y ( our individual collections1 ea* w\ld h ! advantage ( us+ ! books ( all ! o!r memb]s1 :i* w\ld ne>ly be ! same z if he possess$ !m all himself4 ,! idea 0 approv$1 & we accord+ly br\ght su* books z we ?\ght we c\ld sp>e1 :i* 7 plac$ at ! end ( ! club-room4 ,!y am\nt$ n to s _m z we expect$2 & ?r\gh we made consid]able use ( !m1 yet "s inconv5i5ces result+1 f want ( c>e1 x 0 agre$1 aft] ab\t a ye>1 to discont9ue ! collection2 & ea* took away su* books z belong$ to him4 ,x 0 n[ t ,i fir/ />t$ ! idea ( e/abli%+1 by subscription1 a public libr>y1 ,i drew up ! proposals1 _h !m +ross$ 9 =m by ,brockd5 ! attorney1 & my project succe$$1 z w be se5 9 ! sequel4 ,! life ( ,dr4 ,frankl91 z writt5 by himself1 s f> z x has yet be5 communicat$ to ! _w1 breaks (f 9 ?is place4 ,we und]/& t x 0 cont9u$ by him some:at f>!r1 & we hope t ! rema9d] w1 at "s future p]iod1 be communicat$ to ! public4 ,we h no hesitation 9 suppos+ t e read] w f9d himself greatly int]e/$ by ! frank simplicity & ! philosophical disc]nm5t by :i* ^! pages are s em95tly *>act]iz$4 ,we h !re=e ?\ght prop]1 9 ord] z mu* z possible to relieve 8 regret1 to subjo9 ! foll[+ cont9uation1 by "o ( ! ,doctor's intimate fri5ds4 ,x is extract$ f an ,am]ican p]iodical publication1 & 0 writt5 by ! late ,dr4 ,/ub]1#f ( ,philadelphia4 ,! promotion ( lit]ature _h be5 little att5d$ to 9 ,p5nsylvania4 ,mo/ ( ! inhabitants 7 too mu* imm]s$ 9 bus9ess to ?9k ( sci5tific pursuits2 & ^? few1 ^: incl9ations l$ !m to /udy1 f\nd x difficult to gratify !m1 f ! want ( libr>ies suffici5tly l>ge4 ,9 su* circum/ances1 ! e/abli%m5t ( a public libr>y 0 an important ev5t4 ,?is 0 fir/ set on foot by ,frankl91 ab\t ! ye> #agca4 ,fifty p]sons subscrib$ =ty %ill+s ea*1 & agre$ to pay t5 %ill+s annually4 ,! numb] increas$2 & 9 #agdb1 ! company 0 incorporat$ by ! "n ( ,! ,libr>y ,company ( ,philadelphia4 ,sev]al o!r companies 7 =m$ 9 ?is city 9 imitation ( x4 ,^! 7 all at l5g? unit$ ) ! ,libr>y ,company ( ,philadelphia1 :i* ?us receiv$ a consid]able accession ( books & prop]ty4 ,x n[ conta9s ab\t eight ?\s& volumes on all subjects1 a philosophical app>atus1 & a well-*os5 collection ( natural & artificial curiosities4 ,= its support ! company n[ possesses l&$ prop]ty ( consid]able value4 ,!y h lately built an elegant h\se 9 ,fif?-/reet1 9 ! front ( :i* w be erect$ a m>ble /atue ( _! f\nd]1 ,b5jam9 ,frankl94 ,?is in/itution 0 greatly enc\rag$ by ! fri5ds ( lit]ature 9 ,am]ica & 9 ,great ,brita94 ,! ,p5n family di/+ui%$ !mselves by _! donations4 ,among/ ! e>lie/ fri5ds ( ?is in/itution mu/ be m5tion$ ! late ,pet] ,coll9son1 ! fri5d & correspond5t ( ,dr4 ,frankl94 ,he n only made consid]able pres5ts himself1 & obta9$ o!rs f 8 fri5ds1 b volunt>ily und]took to manage ! bus9ess ( ! ,company 9 ,london1 recomm5d+ books1 pur*as+ & %ipp+ !m4 ,8 ext5sive k1 & zeal = ! promotion ( sci5ce1 enabl$ him to execute ?is important tru/ ) ! greate/ advantage4 ,he cont9u$ to p]=m ^! s]vices = m ?an ?irty ye>s1 & uni=mly refus$ to accept ( any comp5sation4 ,dur+ ?is "t1 he communicat$ to ! directors e in=mation relative to improvem5ts & discov]ies 9 ! arts1 agriculture1 & philosophy4 ,! b5eficial influ5ce ( ?is in/itution 0 soon evid5t4 ,! t]ms ( subscription to x 7 s mod]ate t x 0 accessible to e "o4 ,its advantages 7 n conf9$ to ! opul5t4 ,! citiz5s 9 ! middle & l[] walks ( life 7 equally p>tak]s ( !m4 ,h5ce a degree ( in=mation 0 ext5d$ among/ all classes ( p4 ,! example 0 soon foll[$4 ,libr>ies 7 e/abli%$ 9 v>i\s places1 & !y are n[ become v num]\s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & p>ticul>ly 9 ,p5nsylvania4 ,x is to be hop$ t !y w be /ill m widely ext5d$1 & t in=mation w be e :]e increas$4 ,?is w be ! be/ security = ma9ta9+ our lib]ties4 ,a nation ( well in=m$ m51 :o h be5 taught to "k & prize ! rights :i* ,god has giv5 !m1 _c be enslav$4 ,x is 9 ! regions ( ignorance t tyranny reigns4 ,x flies be=e ! light ( sci5ce4 ,let ! citiz5s ( ,am]ica1 !n1 enc\rage in/itutions calculat$ to diffuse k among/ ! p2 & among/ ^!1 public libr>ies are n ! lea/ important4 ,9 #agcb1 ,frankl9 began to publi% ,poor ,ri*>d's ,almanack4 ,?is 0 rem>kable = ! num]\s & valuable concise maxims :i* x conta9$1 all t5d+ to exhort to indu/ry & frugality4 ,x 0 cont9u$ = _m ye>s4 ,9 ! almanack = ! la/ ye>1 all ! maxims 7 collect$ 9 an address to ! read]1 entitl$1 ,! ,way to ,weal?4 ,?is has be5 translat$ into v>i\s languages1 & ins]t$ 9 diff]5t publications4 ,x has also be5 pr9t$ on a l>ge %eet1 & may be se5 fram$ 9 _m h\ses 9 ?is city4 ,?is address conta9s1 p]haps1 ! be/ practical sy/em ( economy t ev] has appe>$4 ,x is writt5 9 a mann] intelligible to e "o1 & :i* _c fail ( conv9c+ e read] ( ! ju/ice & propriety ( ! rem>ks & advice :i* x conta9s4 ,! dem& = ?is almanack 0 s great1 t t5 ?\s& h be5 sold 9 "o ye>2 :i* mu/ be consid]$ z a v l>ge numb]1 especially :5 we reflect1 t ?is c\ntry 01 at t "t1 b ?9ly peopl$4 ,x _c be d\bt$ t ! salut>y maxims conta9$ 9 ^! almanacks mu/ h made a fav\rable impression ^u _m ( ! read]s ( !m4 ,x 0 n long be=e ,frankl9 ent]$ ^u 8 political c>e]4 ,9 ! ye> #agcf1 he 0 appo9t$ cl]k to ! g5]al assembly ( ,p5nsylvania1 & 0 re-elect$ by succe$+ assemblies = sev]al ye>s1 until he 0 *os5 a repres5tative = ! city ( ,philadelphia4 ,brad=d1 ! pr9t]1 m5tion$ above1 0 possess$ ( "s advantages ov] ,frankl91 by be+ po/-ma/]1 !reby hav+ an opportunity ( circulat+ 8 pap] m ext5sively1 & ?us r5d]+ x a bett] vehicle = adv]tisem5ts1 c4 ,frankl91 9 8 turn1 enjoy$ ^! advantages1 by be+ appo9t$ po/-ma/] ( ,philadelphia 9 #agcg4 ,brad=d1 :ile 9 (fice1 _h act$ ung5]\sly t[>ds ,frankl91 prev5t+ z mu* z possible ! circulation ( 8 pap]4 ,he _h n[ an opportunity ( retaliat+2 b 8 nobl5ess ( s\l prev5t$ him f mak+ use ( x4 ,! police ( ,philadelphia _h e>ly appo9t$ wat*m51 ^: duty x 0 to gu>d ! citiz5s aga9/ ! midnight robb]1 & to give an imm$iate al>m 9 case ( fire4 ,?is duty is1 p]haps1 "o ( ! mo/ important t c be committ$ to any set ( m54 ,! regulations1 h[ev]1 7 n suffici5tly /rict4 ,frankl9 saw ! dang]s aris+ f ?is cause1 & sugge/$ an alt]ation1 s z to oblige ! gu>dians ( ! night to be m wat*ful ov] ! lives & prop]ty ( ! citiz5s4 ,! propriety ( ?is 0 imm$iately p]ceiv$1 & a re=m 0 effect$4 ,!re is no?+ m dang]\s to gr[+ cities ?an fires4 ,o!r causes op]ate sl[ly1 & almo/ imp]ceptibly2 b ^! 9 a mom5t r5d] abortive ! lab\rs ( ages4 ,on ?is acc\nt !re %\ld be1 9 all cities1 ample provisions to prev5t fires f spread+4 ,frankl9 e>ly saw ! necessity ( ^!2 &1 ab\t ! ye> #agbh1 =m$ ! fir/ fire company 9 ?is city4 ,! example 0 soon foll[$ by o!rs2 & !re are n[ num]\s fire companies 9 ! city & lib]ties4 ,to ^! may be attribut$ 9 a great degree ! activity 9 ext+ui%+ fires1 = :i* ! citiz5s ( ,philadelphia are di/+ui%$1 & ! inconsid]able damage ?is city has su/a9$ f ?is cause4 ,"s "t aft]1 ,frankl9 sugge/$ ! plan = an association = insur+ h\ses f losses by fire1 :i* 0 adopt$2 & ! association cont9ues to ?is day4 ,! advantages exp]i5c$ f x h be5 great4 ,f ! fir/ settlem5t ( ,p5nsylvania1 a _s ( dispute appe>s to h prevail$ among its inhabitants4 ,dur+ ! life-"t ( ,william ,p5n1 ! con/itution _h be5 ?ree times alt]$4 ,aft] ?is p]iod ! hi/ory ( ,p5nsylvania is little else ?an a recital ( ! qu>rels betwe5 ! propriet>ies1 or _! gov]nors1 & ! assembly4 ,! propriet>ies cont5d$ = ! "r ( exempt+ _! l& f taxes2 to :i* ! assembly w\ld by no means cons5t4 ,?is subject ( dispute int]f]$ 9 almo/ e "q1 & prev5t$ ! mo/ salut>y laws f be+ enact$4 ,?is at times subject$ ! p to great inconv5i5ces4 ,9 ! ye> #aggd1 dur+ a w> betwe5 ,france & ,great ,brita91 "s ,fr5* & ,indians _h made inroads ^u ! fronti] inhabitants ( ! prov9ce1 :o 7 unprovid$ = su* an attack4 ,x became necess>y t ! citiz5s %\ld arm = _! def5ce4 ,gov]nor ,?omas recomm5d$ to ! assembly1 :o 7 !n sitt+1 to pass a militia law4 ,to ?is !y w\ld agree only ^u condition1 t he %\ld give 8 ass5t to c]ta9 laws1 :i* appe>$ to !m calculat$ to promote ! int]e/s ( ! p4 ,z he ?\ght ^! laws w\ld be injuri\s to ! propriet>ies1 he refus$ 8 ass5t to !m2 & ! assembly broke up )\t pass+ a militia bill4 ,! situation ( ! prov9ce 0 at ?is "t truly al>m+3 expos$ to ! cont9ual inroad ( an enemy1 & de/itute ( e means ( def5ce4 ,at ?is crisis ,frankl9 /epp$ =?1 & propos$ to a meet+ ( ! citiz5s ( ,philadelphia1 a plan ( a volunt>y association = ! def5ce ( ! prov9ce4 ,?is 0 approv$ (1 & sign$ by twelve hundr$ p]sons imm$iately4 ,copies 7 circulat$ )\t delay ?r\gh ! prov9ce2 & 9 a %ort "t ! numb] ( signatures am\nt$ to t5 ?\s&4 ,frankl9 0 *os5 colonel ( ! ,philadelphia regim5t2 b he did n ?9k prop] to accept ( ! hon\r4 ,pursuits ( a diff]5t nature n[ occupi$ ! greate/ "p ( 8 att5tion = "s ye>s4 ,he engag$ 9 a c\rse ( electrical exp]im5ts1 ) all ! ardor & ?ir/ = discov]y :i* *>act]iz$ ! philosoph]s ( t day4 ,( all ! bran*es ( exp]im5tal philosophy1 electricity _h be5 lea/ explor$4 ,! attractive p[] ( amb] is m5tion$ by ,!ophra/us & ,pl9y1 & f !m1 by lat] naturali/s4 ,9 ! ye> #afjj1 ,gilb]t1 an ,engli% physician1 enl>g$ consid]ably ! catalogue ( sub/ances :i* h ! prop]ty ( attract+ light bodies4 ,boyle1 ,otto ,gu]icke1 a burgoma/] ( ,magdeburg1 celebrat$ z ! inv5tor ( ! air-pump1 ,dr4 ,wall1 & ,sir ,isaac ,newton add$ "s facts4 ,gu]icke fir/ obs]v$ ! repulsive p[] ( electricity1 & ! light & noise produc$ by x4 ,9 #agji1 ,hawkesbec communicat$ "s important obs]vations & exp]im5ts to ! _w4 ,= sev]al ye>s electricity 0 entirely neglect$1 until ,mr4 ,grey appli$ himself to x1 9 #agbh1 ) great assiduity4 ,he & 8 fri5d ,mr4 ,:eel]1 made a great v>iety ( exp]im5ts1 9 :i* !y demon/rat$1 t electricity may be communicat$ f "o body to ano!r1 ev5 )\t be+ 9 contact1 & 9 ?is way may be conduct$ to a great di/ance4 ,mr4 ,grey aft]w>ds f\nd1 t1 by susp5d+ rods ( iron by silk or hair l9es1 & br++ an excit$ tube "u !m1 sp>ks might be drawn1 & a light p]ceiv$ at ! extremities 9 ! d>k4 ,m4 du ,faye1 int5dant ( ! ,fr5* k+'s g>d5s1 made a numb] ( exp]im5ts1 :i* add$ n a little to ! sci5ce4 ,he made ! discov]y ( two k9ds ( electricity1 :i* he call$ vitre\s & res9\s2 ! =m] produc$ by rubb+ glass1 ! latt] f excit$ sulphur1 seal+-wax1 c4 ,b ?is he aft]w>ds gave up z errone\s4 ,betwe5 ! ye>s #agci & #agdb1 ,desaguli]s made a numb] ( exp]im5ts1 b add$ little ( importance4 ,he fir/ us$ ! t]ms conductors & electrics p] se4 ,9 #agdb1 sev]al +5i\s ,g]mans engag$ 9 ?is subject1 ( ^! ! pr9cipal 71 pr(essor ,boze ( ,wittemb]g1 pr(essor ,w9kl] ( ,leipsic1 ,gordon1 a ,scot* ,b5$ict9e monk1 pr(essor ( philosophy at ,erfurt1 & ,dr4 ,ludolf1 ( ,b]l94 ,! result ( _! rese>*es a/oni%$ ! philosoph]s ( ,europe4 ,_! app>atus 0 l>ge1 & by means ( x !y 7 enabl$ to collect l>ge quantities ( ! electric fluid1 & ?us to produce ph5om5a :i* _h be5 hi!rto unobs]v$4 ,!y kill$ small birds1 & set spirits on fire4 ,_! exp]im5ts excit$ ! curiosity ( o!r philosoph]s4 ,coll9son1 ab\t ! ye> #agde1 s5t to ! ,libr>y ,company ( ,philadelphia1 an acc\nt ( ^! exp]im5ts1 toge!r ) a tube1 & directions h[ to use x4 ,frankl91 ) "s ( 8 fri5ds1 imm$iately engag$ 9 a c\rse ( exp]im5ts1 ! result ( :i* is well kn[n4 ,he 0 enabl$ to make a numb] ( important discov]ies1 & to propose !ories to acc\nt = v>i\s ph5om5a1 :i* h be5 univ]sally adopt$1 & :i* bid fair to endure = ages4 ,8 obs]vations he communicat$ 9 a s]ies ( lett]s1 to 8 fri5d ,coll9son1 ! fir/ ( :i* is dat$ ,m>* #bh1 #agdg4 ,9 ^! he %ews ! p[] ( po9ts 9 draw+ & ?r[+ (f ! electrical matt]1 :i* _h hi!rto escap$ ! notice ( electricians4 ,he also made ! gr& discov]y ( a plus & m9us1 or ( a positive & negative /ate ( electricity4 ,we give him ! hon\r ( ?is1 )\t hesitation2 al?\gh ! ,engli% h claim$ x = _! c\ntryman1 ,dr4 ,watson4 ,watson's pap] is dat$ ,janu>y #ba1 #agdh2 ,frankl9's ,july #aa1 #agdg3 sev]al mon?s prior4 ,%ortly aft]1 ,frankl91 f 8 pr9ciples ( ! plus & m9us /ate1 expla9$1 9 a satisfactory mann]1 ! ph5om5a ( ! ,leyd5 phial1 fir/ obs]v$ by ,mr4 ,cuneus1 or by pr(essor ,mus*5broeck1 ( ,leyd51 :i* _h mu* p]plex$ philosoph]s4 ,he %ew$ cle>ly1 t :5 *>g$1 ! bottle conta9$ no m electricity ?an be=e1 b t z mu* 0 tak5 f "o side z 0 ?r[n on ! o!r2 & t1 to dis*>ge x1 no?+ 0 necess>y b to produce a communication betwe5 ! two sides1 by :i* ! equilibrium might be re/or$1 & t !n no signs ( electricity w\ld rema94 ,he aft]w>ds demon/rat$1 by exp]im5ts1 t ! electricity did n reside 9 ! coat+1 z _h be5 suppos$1 b 9 ! pores ( ! glass itself4 ,aft] a phial 0 *>g$1 he remov$ ! coat+1 & f\nd t ^u apply+ a new coat+1 ! %ock might /ill be receiv$4 ,9 ! ye> #agdi1 he fir/ sugge/$ 8 idea ( expla9+ ! ph5om5a ( ?und]-gu/s1 & ( ! aurora borealis1 ^u electrical pr9ciples4 ,he po9ts out _m p>ticul>s 9 :i* lightn+ & electricity agree2 & he adduces _m facts1 & reason+s f facts1 9 support ( 8 positions4 ,9 ! same ye> he conceiv$ ! a/oni%+ly bold & gr& idea ( asc]ta9+ ! tru? ( 8 doctr9e1 by actually draw+ d[n ! lightn+1 by means ( %>p-po9t$ iron rods1 rais$ into ! region ( ! cl\ds4 ,ev5 9 ?is unc]ta9 /ate1 8 passion to be useful to mank9d1 display$ itself 9 a p[]ful mann]4 ,admitt+ ! id5tity ( electricity & lightn+1 & kn[+ ! p[] ( po9ts 9 repell+ bodies *>g$ ) electricity1 & 9 conduct+ _! fire sil5tly & imp]ceptibly1 he sugge/$ ! idea ( secur+ h\ses1 %ips1 c4 f be+ damag$ by lightn+1 by erect+ po9t$ rods1 t %\ld rise "s feet above ! mo/ elevat$ "p1 & desc5d "s feet into ! gr\nd or ! wat]4 ,! effect ( ^!1 he conclud$1 w\ld be ei!r to pres5t a /roke by repell+ ! cl\d beyond ! /rik+ di/ance1 or by draw+ (f ! electrical fire :i* x conta9$2 or1 if !y c\ld n effect ?is1 !y w\ld at lea/ conduct ! electric matt] to ! e>?1 )\t any injury to ! build+4 ,x 0 n until ! summ] ( #ageb1 t he 0 enabl$ to complete 8 gr& & unp>allel$ discov]y by exp]im5t4 ,! plan1 :i* he _h orig9ally propos$1 01 to erect on "s high t[]1 or o!r elevat$ place1 a c5try-box1 f :i* %\ld rise a po9t$ iron rod1 insulat$ by be+ fix$ 9 a cake ( res94 ,electrifi$ cl\ds pass+ ov] ?is1 w\ld1 he conceiv$1 imp>t to x a portion ( _! electricity1 :i* w\ld be r5d]$ evid5t to ! s5ses by sp>ks be+ emitt$1 :5 a key1 ! knuckle1 or o!r conductor 0 pres5t$ to x4 ,philadelphia at ?is "t af=d$ no opportunity ( try+ an exp]im5t ( ?is k9d4 ,:ile ,frankl9 0 wait+ = ! erection ( a spire1 x occurr$ to him t he might h m ready access to ! region ( cl\ds by means ( a common kite4 ,he prep>$ "o by fa/5+ two cross /icks to a silk h&k]*ief1 :i* w\ld n suff] s mu* f ! ra9 z pap]4 ,to ! upright /ick 0 affix$ an iron po9t4 ,! /r+ 01 z usual1 ( hemp1 except ! l[] end1 :i* 0 silk4 ,:]e ! hemp5 /r+ t]m9at$1 a key 0 fa/5$4 ,) ?is app>atus1 on ! appe>ance ( a ?und]-gu/ approa*+1 he w5t out into ! commons1 accompani$ by 8 son1 to :om alone he communicat$ 8 int5tions1 well kn[+ ! ridicule :i*1 too g5]ally = ! int]e/ ( sci5ce1 awaits unsuccessful exp]im5ts 9 philosophy4 ,he plac$ himself "u a %ade1 to avoid ! ra9--8 kite 0 rais$--a ?und]-cl\d pass$ ov] x--no sign ( electricity appe>$4 ,he almo/ despair$ ( success1 :51 sudd5ly1 he obs]v$ ! loose fibres ( 8 /r+ to move t[>ds an erect position4 ,he n[ pres5t$ 8 knuckle to ! key1 & receiv$ a /rong sp>k4 ,h[ exquisite mu/ 8 s5sations h be5 at ?is mom5t6 ,on ?is exp]im5t dep5d$ ! fate ( 8 !ory4 ,if he succe$$1 8 "n w\ld rank high among ^? :o _h improv$ sci5ce2 if he fail$1 he mu/ inevitably be subject$ to ! d]ision ( mank9d1 or1 :at is worse1 _! pity1 z a well-mean+ man1 b a weak1 silly projector4 ,! anxiety ) :i* he look$ = ! result ( 8 exp]im5t1 may be easily conceiv$4 ,d\bts & despair _h begun to prevail1 :5 ! fact 0 asc]ta9$ 9 s cle> a mann]1 t ev5 ! mo/ incr$ul\s c\ld no long] )hold _! ass5t4--,repeat$ sp>ks 7 drawn f ! key1 a phial 0 *>g$1 a %ock giv51 & all ! exp]im5ts made :i* are usually p]=m$ ) electricity4 ,ab\t a mon? be=e ?is p]iod1 "s +5i\s ,fr5*man _h complet$ ! discov]y 9 ! mann] orig9ally propos$ by ,dr4 ,frankl94 ,! lett]s :i* he s5t to ,mr4 ,coll9son1 x is said1 7 refus$ a place 9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,royal ,society ( ,london4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 ,coll9son publi%$ !m 9 a sep>ate volume1 "u ! title ( ,new ,exp]im5ts & ,obs]vations on ,electricity1 made at ,philadelphia1 9 ,am]ica4 ,!y 7 read ) avidity1 & soon translat$ into diff]5t languages4 ,a v incorrect ,fr5* translation fell into ! h&s ( ! celebrat$ ,buffon1 :o1 not)/&+ ! disadvantages "u :i* ! "w lab\r$1 0 mu* pleas$ ) x1 & repeat$ ! exp]im5ts ) success4 ,he prevail$ on 8 fri5d1 ,m4 ,d',alib>d1 to give 8 c\ntrym5 a m correct translation ( ! works ( ! ,am]ican electrician4 ,?is contribut$ mu* t[>ds spread+ a k ( ,frankl9's pr9ciples 9 ,france4 ,! k+1 ,l\is ,,xv41 he>+ ( ^! exp]im5ts1 express$ a wi% to be a spectator ( !m4 ,a c\rse ( exp]im5ts 0 giv5 at ! seat ( ! ,d',ay51 at ,/4 ,g]ma91 by ,m4 de ,lor4 ,! applauses :i* ! k+ be/[$ ^u ,frankl91 excit$ 9 ,buffon1 ,d',alib>d1 & ,de ,lor1 an e>ne/ desire ( asc]ta9+ ! tru? ( 8 !ory ( ?und]-gu/s4 ,buffon erect$ 8 app>atus on ! t[] ( ,montb>1 ,m4 ,d',alib>d at ,m>ly-la-ville1 & ,de ,lor at 8 h\se 9 ! ,e/rapade at ,p>is1 "s ( ! highe/ gr\nd 9 t capital4 ,d',alib>d's ma*9e fir/ %ew$ signs ( electricity4 ,on ! #aj? ( ,may1 #ageb1 a ?und] cl\d pass$ ov] x1 9 ! abs5ce ( ,m4 ,d',alib>d1 & a numb] ( sp>ks 7 drawn f x by ,coiffi]1 jo9]1 ) :om ,d',alib>d _h left directions h[ to proce$1 & by ,m4 ,raulet1 ! prior ( ,m>ly-la-ville4 ,an acc\nt ( ?is exp]im5t 0 giv5 to ! ,royal ,academy ( ,sci5ces1 by ,m4 ,d',alib>d1 9 a ,memoir dat$ ,may #ac?1 #ageb4 ,on ! #ah? ( ,may1 ,m4 de ,lor prov$ equally successful ) ! app>atus erect$ at 8 own h\se4 ,^! philosoph]s soon excit$ ^? ( o!r p>ts ( ,europe to repeat ! exp]im5t2 among/ :om1 none signalis$ !mselves m ?an ,fa!r ,becc>ia1 ( ,tur91 to ^: obs]vations sci5ce is mu* indebt$4 ,ev5 ! cold regions ( ,russia 7 p5etrat$ by ! ardor = discov]y4 ,pr(essor ,ri*man bade fair to add mu* to ! /ock ( k on ?is subject1 :5 an un=tunate fla% f 8 conductor1 put a p]iod to 8 exi/5ce4 ,! fri5ds ( sci5ce w long rememb] ) regret1 ! amiable m>tyr to electricity4 ,by ^! exp]im5ts ,frankl9's !ory 0 e/abli%$ 9 ! mo/ conv9c+ mann]4 ,:5 ! tru? ( x c\ld no long] be d\bt$1 envy & vanity endeav\r$ to detract f its m]it4 ,t an ,am]ican1 an inhabitant ( ! obscure city ( ,philadelphia1 ! "n ( :i* 0 h>dly kn[n1 %\ld be able to make discov]ies1 & to frame !ories1 :i* _h escap$ ! notice ( ! enlight5$ philosoph]s ( ,europe1 0 too mortify+ to be admitt$4 ,he mu/ c]ta9ly h tak5 ! idea f "s "o else4 ,an ,am]ican1 a be+ ( an inf]ior ord]1 make discov]ies6--,impossible4 ,x 0 said1 t ! ,abb ,nollet1 #agdh1 _h sugge/$ ! idea ( ! simil>ity ( lightn+ & electricity 9 8 ,leons de ,physique4 ,x is true t ! ,abb m5tions ! idea1 b he ?r[s x out z a b>e conjecture1 & proposes no mode ( asc]ta9+ ! tru? ( x4 ,he himself ackn[l$ges1 t ,frankl9 fir/ ent]ta9$ ! bold ?\ght ( br++ lightn+ f ! heav5s1 by means ( po9t$ rods fix$ 9 ! air4 ,! simil>ity ( lightn+ & electricity is s /rong1 t we ne$ n be surpris$ at notice be+ tak5 ( x1 z soon z electrical ph5om5a became famili>4 ,we f9d x m5tion$ by ,dr4 ,wall & ,mr4 ,grey1 :ile ! sci5ce 0 9 its infancy4 ,b ! hon\r ( =m+ a regul> !ory ( ?und]-gu/s1 ( sugge/+ a mode ( det]m9+ ! tru? ( x by exp]im5ts1 & ( putt+ ^! exp]im5ts 9 practice1 & ?us e/abli%+ ! !ory ^u a firm & solid basis1 is inconte/ibly due to ,frankl94 ,d',alib>d1 :o made ! fir/ exp]im5ts 9 ,france1 says1 t he only foll[$ ! tract :i* ,frankl9 _h po9t$ out4 ,x has be5 ( late ass]t$1 t ! hon\r ( complet+ ! exp]im5t ) ! electrical kite1 does n belong to ,frankl94 ,"s late ,engli% p>agraphs h attribut$ x to "s ,fr5*man1 ^: "n !y d n m5tion2 & ! ,abb ,b]?olon gives x to ,m4 de ,romas1 assessor to ! presideal ( ,n]ac2 ! ,engli% p>agraphs probably ref] to ! same p]son4 ,b a v slight att5tion w conv9ce u ( ! inju/ice ( ?is proc$ure3 ,dr4 ,frankl9's exp]im5t 0 made 9 ,june #ageb2 & 8 lett]1 giv+ an acc\nt ( x1 is dat$ ,octob] #ai1 #ageb4 ,m4 de ,romas made 8 fir/ attempt on ! #ad? ( ,may1 #agec1 b 0 n successful until ! #g? ( ,june2 a ye> aft] ,frankl9 _h complet$ ! discov]y1 & :5 x 0 kn[n to all ! philosoph]s 9 ,europe4 ,besides ^! great pr9ciples1 ,frankl9's lett]s on electricity conta9 a numb] ( facts & h9ts1 :i* h contribut$ greatly t[>ds r$uc+ ?is bran* ( k to a sci5ce4 ,8 fri5d ,mr4 ,k9n]sley communicat$ to him a discov]y ( ! diff]5t k9ds ( electricity1 excit$ by rubb+ glass & sulphur4 ,?is1 we h said1 0 fir/ obs]v$ by ,m4 ,du ,faye2 b x 0 = _m ye>s neglect$4 ,! philosoph]s 7 dispos$ to acc\nt = ! ph5om5a1 r f a diff]5ce 9 ! quantity ( electricity collect$1 & ev5 ,du ,faye himself seems at la/ to h adopt$ ?is doctr9e4 ,frankl9 at fir/ ent]ta9$ ! same idea2 b ^u repeat+ ! exp]im5ts1 he p]ceiv$ t ,mr4 ,k9n]sley 0 "r2 & t ! vitre\s & res9\s electricity ( du ,faye 7 no?+ m ?an ! positive1 & negative /ates :i* he _h be=e obs]v$2 & t ! glass globe *>g$ positively or increas$ ! quantity ( electricity on ! prime conductor1 :ile ! globe ( sulphur dim9i%$ its natural quantity1 or *>g$ negatively4 ,^! exp]im5ts & obs]vations op5$ a new field = inve/igation1 ^u :i* electricians ent]$ ) avidity2 & _! lab\rs h add$ mu* to ! /ock ( our k4 ,9 ,septemb]1 #ageb1 ,frankl9 ent]$ ^u a c\rse ( exp]im5ts1 to det]m9e ! /ate ( electricity 9 ! cl\ds4 ,f a numb] ( exp]im5ts he =m$ ?is conclusion3--,t ! cl\ds ( a ?und]-gu/ are mo/ commonly 9 a negative /ate ( electricity1 b sometimes 9 a positive /ate2 & f ?is x foll[s1 z a necess>y consequ5ce1 t1 = ! mo/ "p1 9 ?und]-/rokes1 x is ! e>? t /rikes into ! cl\ds1 & n ! cl\ds t /rike into ! e>?4 ,! lett] conta9+ ^! obs]vations is dat$ 9 ,septemb]1 #agec2 & yet ! discov]y ( asc5d+ ?und] has be5 said to be ( a mod]n date1 & has be5 attribut$ to ! ,abb ,b]?olon1 :o publi%$ 8 memoir on ! subject 9 #aggf4 ,frankl9's lett]s h be5 translat$ into mo/ ( ! ,european languages1 & into ,lat94 ,9 proportion z !y h become kn[n1 8 pr9ciples h be5 adopt$4 ,"s opposition 0 made to 8 !ories1 p>ticul>ly by ! ,abb ,nollet1 :o 01 h[ev]1 b feebly support$1 :ile ! fir/ philosoph]s 9 ,europe /epp$ =? 9 def5ce ( ,frankl9's pr9ciples1 among/ :om ,d',alib>d & ,becc>ia 7 ! mo/ di/+ui%$4 ,! opposition has gradually ceas$1 & ! ,frankl9ian sy/em is n[ univ]sally adopt$1 :]e sci5ce fl\ri%es4 ,! important practical use :i* ,frankl9 made ( 8 discov]ies1 ! secur+ ( h\ses f injury by lightn+1 has be5 already m5tion$4 ,po9t$ conductors are n[ v common 9 ,am]ica2 b prejudice has hi!rto prev5t$ _! g5]al introduction into ,europe1 not)/&+ ! mo/ und\bt$ pro(s ( _! utility h be5 giv54 ,b mank9d c ) difficulty be br\ght to lay aside practices1 or to adopt new ones4 ,& p]haps we h m reason1 to be surpris$1 t a practice h[ev] rational1 :i* 0 propos$ ab\t =ty ye>s ago1 %\ld 9 t "t h be5 adopt$ 9 s _m places1 ?an t x has n univ]sally prevail$4 ,x is only by degrees t ! great body ( mank9d c be l$ into new practices1 h[ev] salut>y _! t5d5cy4 ,x is n[ ne>ly eighty ye>s s9ce inoculation 0 introduc$ into ,europe & ,am]ica2 & x is s f> f be+ g5]al at pres5t1 t x w1 require "o or two c5turies to r5d] x s4 ,9 ! ye> #agde1 ,frankl9 publi%$ an acc\nt ( 8 new-inv5t$ ,p5nsylvania fire-places1 9 :i* he m9utely & accurately /ates ! advantages ( diff]5t k9ds ( fire-places2 & endeav\rs to %[ t ! "o :i* he describes is to be pref]r$ to any o!r4 ,?is contrivance has giv5 rise to ! op5 /oves n[ 9 g5]al use1 :i*1 h[ev]1 diff] f x 9 con/ruction1 p>ticul>ly 9 n hav+ an air-box at ! back1 ?r\gh :i* a con/ant supply ( air1 w>m$ 9 its passage1 is ?r[n into ! room4 ,! advantages ( ?is are1 t z a /ream ( w>m air is cont9ually fl[+ into ! room1 less fuel is necess>y to pres]ve a prop] temp]ature1 & ! room may be s tight5$ z t no air may ent] ?r\gh cracks--! consequ5ce ( :i* are colds1 too?-a*es1 c4 ,al?\gh philosophy 0 a pr9cipal object ( ,frankl9's pursuit = sev]al ye>s1 he conf9$ himself n to ?is4 ,9 ! ye> #agdg1 he became a memb] ( ! g5]al assembly ( ,p5nsylvania1 z a burgess = ! city ( ,philadelphia4 ,w>m disputes subsi/$ at ?is "t betwe5 ! assembly & ! propriet>ies2 ea* cont5d+ = :at !y conceiv$ to be _! j rights4 ,frankl91 a fri5d to ! rights ( man f 8 infancy1 soon di/+ui%$ himself z a /eady oppon5t ( ! unju/ s*emes ( ! propriet>ies4 ,he 0 soon look$ up to z ! head ( ! opposition2 & to him h be5 attribut$ _m ( ! spirit$ replies ( ! assembly1 to ! messages ( ! gov]nors4 ,8 influ5ce 9 ! body 0 v great4 ,?is arose n f any sup]ior p[]s ( eloqu5ce2 he spoke b seldom1 & he nev] 0 kn[n to make any ?+ l an elaborate h>angue4 ,8 spee*es (t5 consi/$ ( a s+le s5t5ce1 or ( a well-told /ory1 ! moral ( :i* 0 always obvi\sly to ! po9t4 ,he nev] attempt$ ! fl[]y fields ( oratory4 ,8 mann] 0 pla9 & mild4 ,8 /yle 9 speak+ 01 l t ( 8 writ+s1 simple1 unadorn$1 & rem>kably concise4 ,) ?is pla9 mann]1 & 8 p5etrat+ & solid judgm5t1 he 0 able to conf\nd ! mo/ eloqu5t & subtle ( 8 adv]s>ies1 to confirm ! op9ions ( 8 fri5ds1 & to make conv]ts ( ! unprejudic$ :o _h oppos$ him4 ,) a s+le obs]vation1 he has r5d]$ ( no avail an elegant & l5g?y disc\rse1 & det]m9$ ! fate ( a "q ( importance4 ,b he 0 n cont5t$ ) ?us support+ ! rights ( ! p4 ,he wi%$ to r5d] !m p]man5tly secure1 :i* c only be done by mak+ _! value prop]ly kn[n2 & ?is mu/ dep5d ^u increas+ & ext5d+ in=mation to e class ( m54 ,we h already se5 t he 0 ! f\nd] ( ! public libr>y1 :i* contribut$ greatly t[>ds improv+ ! m9ds ( ! citiz5s4 ,b ?is 0 n suffici5t4 ,! s*ools !n subsi/+ 7 9 g5]al ( little utility4 ,! tea*]s 7 m5 ill qualifi$ = ! important duty :i* !y _h und]tak52 &1 aft] all1 no?+ m c\ld be obta9$ ?an ! rudim5ts ( a common ,engli% education4 ,frankl9 drew up a plan ( an academy1 to be erect$ 9 ! city ( ,philadelphia1 suit$ to ! /ate ( an infant c\ntry2 b 9 ?is1 z 9 all 8 plans1 he conf9$ n 8 views to ! pres5t "t only4 ,he look$ =w>d to ! p]iod :5 an in/itution on an enl>g$ plan w\ld become necess>y4 ,) ?is view1 he consid]$ 8 academy z a f\ndation = po/]ity to erect a sem9>y ( le>n+ m ext5sive1 & suitable to future circum/ances4 ,9 pursuance ( ?is plan1 ! con/itutions 7 drawn up & sign$ on ! #ac? ( ,novemb]1 #agdi4 ,9 ^!1 tw5ty-f\r ( ! mo/ respectable citiz5s ( ,philadelphia 7 nam$ z tru/ees4 ,9 ! *oice ( ^!1 & 9 ! =mation ( 8 plan1 ,frankl9 is said to h consult$ *iefly ) ,?omas ,hopk9son1 ,esq2 ! ,rev4 ,ri*>d ,pet]s1 !n secret>y ( ! prov9ce1 ,t5* ,francis1 ,esq4 attorney-g5]al1 & ,dr4 ,ph9eas ,bond4 ,! foll[+ article %ews a _s ( b5evol5ce wor?y ( imitation2 &1 = ! hon\r ( our city1 we hope t x cont9ues to be 9 =ce4 ,9 case ( ! disability ( ! rector1 or any ma/] 7e/abli%$ on ! f\ndation by receiv+ a c]ta9 sal>y7 ?r\gh sickness1 or any o!r natural infirmity1 :]eby he may be r$uc$ to pov]ty1 ! tru/ees %all h p[] to contribute to 8 support1 9 proportion to 8 di/ress & m]it1 & ! /ock 9 _! h&s4 ,! la/ clause ( ! fundam5tal rules is express$ 9 language s t5d] & b5evol5t1 s truly p>5tal1 t x w d ev]la/+ hon\r to ! he>ts & heads ( ! f\nd]s4 ,x is hop$ & expect$ t ! tru/ees w make x _! pleasure1 & 9 "s degree _! bus9ess1 to visit ! academy (t52 to enc\rage & c\nt5ance ! y\?1 to c\nt5ance & assi/ ! ma/]s1 &1 by all means 9 _! p[]1 advance ! usefulness & reputation ( ! design2 t !y w look on ! /ud5ts z1 9 "s measure1 _! own *ildr51 treat !m ) famili>ity & affection2 & :5 !y h behav$ well1 gone ?r\gh _! /udies1 & are to ent] ! _w1 !y %all zeal\sly unite1 & make all ! int]e/ t c be made to promote & e/abli% !m1 :e!r 9 bus9ess1 (fices1 m>riages1 or any o!r ?+ = _! advantage1 9 pref]5ce to all o!r p]sons :atsoev]1 ev5 ( equal m]it4 ,! con/itutions be+ sign$ & made public1 ) ! names ( ! g5tlem5 propos+ !mselves z tru/ees & f\nd]s1 ! design 0 s well approv$ ( by ! public-spirit$ citiz5s ( ,philadelphia1 t ! sum ( eight hundr$ p\nds p] annum1 = five ye>s1 0 9 ! c\rse ( a few weeks subscrib$ = c>ry+ x into execution2 & 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,janu>y foll[+ 7viz4 #agej7 ?ree ( ! s*ools 7 op5$1 namely1 ! ,lat9 & ,greek s*ools1 ! ,ma!matical s*ool1 & ! ,engli% s*ool4 ,9 pursuance ( an article 9 ! orig9al plan1 a s*ool = educat+ sixty boys & ?irty girls 79 ! *>t] s9ce call$ ! ,*>itable ,s*ool7 0 op5$2 & amid/ all ! difficulties ) :i* ! tru/ees h /ruggl$ 9 respect to _! funds1 has /ill be5 cont9u$ full = ! space ( =ty ye>s2 s t all[+ ?ree ye>s education = ea* boy & girl admitt$ into x1 :i* is ! g5]al rule1 at lea/ twelve hundr$ *ildr5 h receiv$ 9 x ! *ief "p ( _! education1 :o might o!rwise1 9 a great measure1 h be5 left )\t ! means ( in/ruction4 ,& _m ( ^? :o h be5 ?us educat$1 are n[ to be f\nd among ! mo/ useful & reputable citiz5s ( ?is /ate4 ,! in/itution1 ?us successfully begun1 cont9u$ daily to fl\ri%1 to ! great satisfaction ( ,dr4 ,frankl92 :o1 not)/&+ ! multiplicity ( 8 o!r engagem5ts & pursuits1 at t busy /age ( 8 life1 0 a con/ant att5dant at ! mon?ly visitations & exam9ations ( ! s*ools1 & made x 8 p>ticul> /udy1 by means ( 8 ext5sive correspond5ce abroad1 to advance ! reputation ( ! sem9>y1 & to draw /ud5ts & s*ol>s to x f diff]5t p>ts ( ,am]ica & ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,?r\gh ! int]position ( 8 b5evol5t & le>n$ fri5d1 ,pet] ,coll9son1 ( ,london1 ^u ! application ( ! tru/ees1 a *>t] ( incorporation1 dat$ ,july #ac1 #agec1 0 obta9$ f ! hon\rable proprietors ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,?omas ,p5n & ,ri*>d ,p5n1 ,esqrs4 accompani$ ) a lib]al b5efaction ( five hundr$ p\nds /]l+2 & ,dr4 ,frankl9 n[ began 9 good e>ne/ to please himself ) ! hopes ( a spe$y accompli%m5t ( 8 orig9al design1 viz4 ! e/abli%m5t ( a p]fect in/itution1 ^u ! plan ( ! ,european colleges & univ]sities2 = :i* 8 academy 0 int5d$ z a nurs]y or f\ndation4 ,to elucidate ?is fact1 is a matt] ( consid]able importance 9 respect to ! memory & "* ( ,dr4 ,frankl9 z a philosoph]1 & z ! fri5d & patron ( le>n+ & sci5ce2 =1 not)/&+ :at is expressly decl>$ by him 9 ! preamble to ! con/itutions1 viz4 t ! academy 0 begun = tea*+ ! ,lat9 & ,greek languages1 ) all useful bran*es ( ! arts & sci5ces1 suitable to ! /ate ( an infant c\ntry1 & lay+ a f\ndation = po/]ity to erect a sem9>y ( le>n+ m ext5sive1 & suitable to _! future circum/ances2 yet x has be5 sugge/$ ( late1 z ^u ,dr4 ,frankl9's au?ority1 t ! ,lat9 & ,greek1 or ! dead languages1 are an incumbrance ^u a s*eme ( lib]al education1 & t ! engraft+ or f\nd+ a college1 or m ext5sive sem9>y1 ^u 8 academy1 0 )\t 8 approbation or ag5cy1 & gave him discont5t4 ,if ! rev]se ( ?is does n already appe> f :at has be5 quot$ above1 ! foll[+ lett]s w put ! matt] beyond dispute4 ,!y 7 writt5 by him to a g5tleman1 :o _h at t "t publi%$ ! idea ( a college1 suit$ to ! circum/ances ( a "y c\ntry 7mean+ ,new-,york7 a copy ( :i* hav+ be5 s5t to ,dr4 ,frankl9 = 8 op9ion1 gave rise to t correspond5ce :i* t]m9at$ ab\t a ye> aft]w>ds1 9 erect+ ! college ^u ! f\ndation ( ! academy1 & e/abli%+ t g5tleman at ! head ( bo?1 :]e he /ill cont9ues1 aft] a p]iod ( ?irty-six ye>s1 to preside ) di/+ui%$ reputation4 ,f ^! lett]s also1 ! /ate ( ! academy1 at t "t1 w be1 se54 ,,footnotes3 #a ,z a pro( t ,frankl9 0 anci5tly ! common "n ( an ord] or rank 9 ,engl&1 see ,judge ,=tesque1 ,de laudibus legum ,angli1 writt5 ab\t ! ye> #adab1 9 :i* is ! foll[+ passage1 to %ew t good juries might easily be =m$ 9 any "p ( ,engl&3 ,regio etiam ilia1 ita resp]sa ref]taque e/ posessoribus t]r>um et agrorum1 quod 9 ea1 villula tam p>va rep]iri non pot]it1 9 qua non e/ miles1 armig]1 vel pat]-familias1 qualis ibidem frankl9 vulg>it] nuncupatur1 magnis ditatus possessionibus1 nec non lib]e t55tes et alii valecti plurimi1 suis patrimoniis suffici5tes1 ad faci5dum juratam1 9 =ma prnotata4 ,moreov]1 ! same c\ntry is s fill$ & repl5i%$ ) l&$ m5ne1 t !re9 s small a ?orpe _c be f\nd :]e9 dwelle? n a knight1 an esquire1 or su* a h\sehold] z is !re commonly call$ a frankl91 enri*$ ) great possessions2 & also o!r freehold]s & _m yeom51 able = _! livelihoods to make a jury 9 =m a=em5tion$4 ,,old ,,translation4 ,*auc] too1 calls 8 c\ntry g5tleman a frankl92 &1 aft] describ+ 8 good h\sekeep+1 ?us *>act]izes him3 ,?is wor?y frankl9 bore a purse ( silk ,fix'd to 8 girdle1 :ite z morn+ milk2 ,knight ( ! %ire1 fir/ ju/ice at ?' assize1 ,to help ! poor1 ! d\btful to advise4 ,9 all employm5ts1 g5]\s1 j he prov'd1 ,r5[n'd = c\rtesy1 by all belov'd4 #b ,t[n 9 ! isl& ( ,nantucket4 #c ,probably ! ,dunciad1 :]e we f9d him ?us immortaliz$ by ! au?or3 ,sil5ce1 ye wolves1 :ile ,ralph to ,cyn?ia h[ls1 ,& makes night hide\s--answ] him1 ye owls6 #d ,pr9t+ h\ses 9 g5]al are ?us d5om9at$ by ! workm53 ! _s !y call by ! "n ( ,ralph4 #e ,a manuscript note 9 ! file ( ! ,am]ican ,m]cury1 pres]v$ 9 ! ,philadelphia libr>y1 says1 t ,frankl9 wrote ! five fir/ numb]s1 & "p ( ! eigh?4 #f ,dr4 ,/ub] 0 born 9 ,philadelphia1 ( ,g]man p>5ts4 ,he 0 s5t1 at an e>ly age1 to ! univ]sity1 :]e 8 g5ius1 dilig5ce & amiable temp]1 soon acquir$ him ! p>ticul> notice & fav\r ( ^? "u ^: imm$iate direction he 0 plac$4 ,aft] pass+ ?r\gh ! common c\rse ( /udy1 9 a mu* %ort] "t ?an usual1 he left ! univ]sity1 at ! age ( sixte51 ) great reputation4 ,n long aft]1 he ent]$ on ! /udy ( physic2 & ! zeal ) :i* he pursu$ x1 & ! advances he made1 gave 8 fri5ds reason to =m ! mo/ flatt]+ prospects ( 8 future em95ce & usefulness 9 ! pr(ession4 ,z ,dr4 ,/ub]'s circum/ances 7 v mod]ate1 he did n ?9k ?is pursuit well calculat$ to improve !m4 ,he !re=e rel9qui%$ x1 aft] he _h obta9$ a degree 9 ! pr(ession1 & qualifi$ himself to practise ) cr$it & success2 & imm$iately ent]$ on ! /udy ( ! law4 ,:ile 9 pursuit ( ! la/ m5tion$ object1 he 0 prev5t$ by a premature dea? f reap+ ! fruit ( ^? tal5ts ) :i* he 0 end[$1 & ( a y\? sp5t 9 ! ard5t & successful pursuit ( useful & elegant lit]ature4 ,philad4 ,april #ai?1 #agec4 ,,sir1 ,i receiv$ y\r fav\r ( ! #aa? in/ant1 ) y\r new#g piece on ,education1 :i* ,i %all c>efully p]use1 & give y my s5tim5ts ( x1 z y desire1 by next po/4 ,i believe ! "y g5tlem51 y\r pupils1 may be ent]ta9$ & in/ruct$ "h1 9 ma!matics & philosophy1 to satisfaction4 ,mr4 ,alison#h 7:o 0 educat$ at ,glasg[7 has be5 long accu/om$ to tea* ! latt]1 & ,mr4 ,grew#i ! =m]2 & ,i ?9k _! pupils make great progress4 ,mr4 ,alison has ! c>e ( ! ,lat9 & ,greek s*ool1 b z he has n[ ?ree good assi/ants1#aj he c v well af=d "s h\rs e day = ! in/ruction ( ^? :o are engag$ 9 high] /udies4 ,! ma!matical s*ool is pretty well furni%$ ) in/rum5ts4 ,! ,engli% libr>y is a good "o2 & we h belong+ to x a middl+ app>atus = exp]im5tal philosophy1 & propose spe$ily to complete x4 ,! ,loganian libr>y1 "o ( ! be/ collections 9 ,am]ica1 w %ortly be op5$2 s t nei!r books nor in/rum5ts w be want+2 & z we are det]m9$ always to give good sal>ies1 we h reason to believe we may h always an opportunity ( *oos+ good ma/]s2 ^u :i* inde$1 ! success ( ! :ole dep5ds4 ,we are oblig$ to y = y\r k9d (f]s 9 ?is respect1 & :5 y are settl$ 9 ,engl&1 we may occasionally make use ( y\r fri5d%ip & judgm5t4-- ,if x suits y\r conv5i5cy to visit ,philadelphia be=e y return to ,europe1 ,i %all be extremely glad to see & conv]se ) y "h1 z well z to correspond ) y aft] y\r settlem5t 9 ,engl&2 = an acqua9tance & communication ) m5 ( le>n+1 virtue1 & public _s1 is "o ( my greate/ enjoym5ts4 ,i d n "k :e!r y ev] happ5$ to see ! fir/ proposals ,i made = erect+ ?is academy4 ,i s5d !m inclos$4 ,!y _h 7h[ev] imp]fect7 ! desir$ success1 be+ foll[$ by a subscription ( f\r ?\s& p\nds1 t[>ds c>ry+ !m into execution4 ,& z we are fond ( receiv+ advice1 & are daily improv+ by exp]i5ce1 ,i am 9 hopes we %all1 9 a few ye>s1 see a p]fect in/itution4 ,i am1 v respectfully1 c4 ,b4 ,,frankl94 ,mr4 ,w4 ,smi?1 ,long-,isl&4 ,,footnotes3 #g ,a g5]al idea ( ! college ( ,mirania4 #h ,! ,rev4 & le>n$ ,mr4 ,francis ,alison1 aft]w>ds ,d4 ,d4 & vice-provo/ ( ! college4 #i ,mr4 ,!ophilus ,grew1 aft]w>ds pr(essor ( ma!matics 9 ! college4 #aj ,^? assi/ants 7 at t "t ,mr4 ,*>les ,?omson1 late secret>y to congress1 ,mr4 ,paul ,jackson1 & ,mr4 ,jacob ,du*e4 ,philad4 ,may #c;d1 #agec4 ,,sir1 ,mr4 ,pet]s has j n[ be5 ) me1 & we h comp>$ notes on y\r new piece4 ,we f9d no?+ 9 ! s*eme ( education1 h[ev] excell5t1 b :at is1 9 our op9ion1 v practicable4 ,! great difficulty w be to f9d ! ,aratus#aa1 & o!r suitable p]sons1 to c>ry x into execution2 b su* may be _h if prop] enc\ragem5t be giv54 ,we h bo? receiv$ great pleasure 9 ! p]usal ( x4 ,= my "p1 ,i "k n :5 ,i h read a piece t has m affect$ me--s noble & j are ! s5tim5ts1 s w>m & animat$ ! language2 yet z c5sure f y\r fri5ds may be ( m use1 z well z m agreeable to y ?an praise1 ,i ought to m5tion1 t ,i wi% y _h omitt$ n only ! quotation f ! ,review#ab1 :i* y are n[ ju/ly dissatisfi$ )1 b ^? expressions ( res5tm5t aga9/ y\r adv]s>ies1 9 pages #fe & #gi4 ,9 su* cases1 ! noble/ victory is obta9$ by neglect1 & by %9+ on4 ,mr4 ,all5 has be5 out ( t[n ^! t5 days2 b be=e he w5t he direct$ me to procure him six copies ( y\r piece4 ,mr4 ,pet]s has tak5 t54 ,he propos$ to h writt5 to y2 b omits x1 z he expects s soon to h ! pleasure ( see+ y "h4 ,he desires me to pres5t 8 affectionate complim5ts to y1 & to assure y t y w be v welcome to him4 ,i %all only say1 t y may dep5d on my do+ all 9 my p[] to make y\r visit to ,philadelphia agreeable to y4 ,i am1 c4 ,b4 ,,frankl94 ,mr4 ,smi?4 ,,footnotes3 #aa ,! "n giv5 to ! pr9cipal or head ( ! ideal college1 ! sy/em ( education 9 :i* ha? nev]!less be5 ne>ly realiz$1 or foll[$ z a model1 9 ! college & academy ( ,philadelphia1 & "s o!r ,am]ican sem9>ies1 = _m ye>s pa/4 #ab ,! quotation allud$ to 7f ! ,london ,mon?ly ,review = #agdi17 0 judg$ to reflect too sev]ely on ! discipl9e & gov]nm5t ( ! ,engli% univ]sities ( ,ox=d & ,cambridge1 & 0 expung$ f ! foll[+ editions ( ?is "w4 ,philad4 ,nov4 #bg?1 #agec4 ,,de> ,,sir1 ,hav+ writt5 y fully1 via ,bri/ol1 ,i h n[ little to add4 ,matt]s relat+ to ! academy rema9 9 /atu quo4 ,! tru/ees w\ld be glad to see a rector e/abli%$ !re1 b !y dread ent]+ into new engagem5ts till !y are got out ( debt2 & ,i h n yet got !m :olly ov] to my op9ion1 t a good pr(essor1 or tea*] ( ! high] bran*es ( le>n+1 w\ld draw s _m s*ol>s z to pay great "p1 if n ! :ole ( 8 sal>y4 ,?us1 unless ! proprietors 7( ! prov9ce7 %all ?9k fit to put ! f9i%+ h& to our in/itution1 x mu/1 ,i fe>1 wait "s few ye>s long] be=e x c arrive at t /ate ( p]fection1 :i* to me x seems n[ capable (2 & all ! pleasure ,i promis$ myself 9 see+ y settl$ among u1 vani%es into smoke4 ,b good ,mr4 ,coll9son writes me ^w1 t no endeav\rs ( 8 %all be want+2 & he hopes1 ) ! ar*bi%op's assi/ance1 to be able to prevail ) our proprietors#ac4 ,i pray ,god grant !m success4 ,my son pres5ts 8 affectionate reg>ds1 )1 de> ,sir1 ,y\r's1 c4 ,b4 ,,frankl94 ,p4 ,s4 ,i h n be5 fav\r$ ) a l9e f y s9ce y\r arrival 9 ,engl&4 ,,footnote3 #ac ,^u ! application ( ar*bi%op ,h]r+ & ,p4 ,coll9son1 ,esq4 at ,dr4 ,frankl9's reque/1 7aid$ by ! lett]s ( ,mr4 ,all5 & ,mr4 ,pet]s17 ! ,hon4 ,?omas ,p5n1 ,esq4 subscrib$ an annual sum1 & aft]w>ds gave at lea/ #ejjjl4 to ! f\nd+ or engraft+ ! college ^u ! academy4 ,philad4 ,april #ah?1 #aged4 ,,de> ,,sir1 ,i h _h b "o lett] f y s9ce y\r arrival 9 ,engl&1 :i* 0 b a %ort "o1 via ,bo/on1 dat$ ,octob] #ah?1 acqua9t+ me t y _h writt5 l>gely by ,capta9 ,davis4--,davis 0 lo/1 & ) him y\r lett]s1 to my great disappo9tm5t4--,mesn>d & ,gibbon h s9ce arriv$ "h1 & ,i he> no?+ f y4 ,my com=t is1 an imag9ation t y only omit writ+ because y are com+1 & propose to tell me e ?+ viva voce4 ,s n kn[+ :e!r ?is lett] w rea* y1 & hop+ ei!r to see or he> f y by ! ,myrtilla1 ,capta9 ,budd5's %ip1 :i* is daily expect$1 ,i only add1 t ,i am1 ) great e/eem & affection ,y\r's1 c4 ,b4 ,,frankl94 ,mr4 ,smi?4 ,ab\t a mon? aft] ! date ( ?is la/ lett]1 ! g5tleman to :om x 0 address$ arriv$ 9 ,philadelphia1 & 0 imm$iately plac$ at ! head ( ! sem9>y2 :]eby ,dr4 ,frankl9 & ! o!r tru/ees 7 enabl$ to prosecute _! plan1 = p]fect+ ! in/itution1 & op5+ ! college ^u ! l>ge & lib]al f\ndation on :i* x n[ /&s2 = :i* purpose !y obta9$ _! additional *>t]1 dat$ ,may #bg?1 #agee4 ,?us f> we ?\ght x prop] to exhibit 9 "o view ,dr4 ,frankl9's s]vices 9 ! f\ndation & e/abli%m5t ( ?is sem9>y4 ,he soon aft]w>ds emb>k$ = ,engl&1 9 ! public s]vice ( 8 c\ntry2 & hav+ be5 g5]ally employ$ abroad1 9 ! l s]vice1 = ! greate/ "p ( ! rema9d] ( 8 life1 7z w appe> 9 our subsequ5t acc\nt ( ! same7 he _h b few opportunities ( tak+ any fur!r active "p 9 ! affairs ( ! sem9>y1 until 8 f9al return 9 ! ye> #aghe1 :5 he f\nd its *>t]s violat$1 & 8 anci5t colleagues1 ! orig9al f\nd]s1 depriv$ ( _! tru/1 by an act ( ! legislature2 & al?\gh 8 own "n _h be5 ins]t$ among/ ! new tru/ees1 yet he decl9$ to take 8 seat among !m1 or any conc]n 9 ! managem5t ( _! affairs1 till ! in/itution 0 re/or$ by law to its orig9al own]s4 ,he !n assembl$ 8 old colleagues at 8 own h\se1 & be+ *os5 _! presid5t1 all _! future meet+s 71 at 8 reque/1 held !re1 till )9 a few mon?s ( 8 dea?1 :5 ) reluctance1 & at _! desire1 le/ he might be too mu* injur$ by 8 att5tion to _! bus9ess1 he suff]$ !m to meet at ! college4 ,frankl9 n only gave bir? to _m useful in/itutions himself1 b he 0 also in/rum5tal 9 promot+ ^? :i* _h orig9at$ ) o!r m54 ,ab\t ! ye> #ageb1 an em95t physician ( ?is city1 ,dr4 ,bond1 consid]+ ! deplorable /ate ( ! poor :5 visit$ ) disease1 conceiv$ ! idea ( e/abli%+ an hospital4 ,not)/&+ v great ex]tions on 8 "p1 he 0 able to int]e/ few p s f> 9 8 b5evol5t plan1 z to obta9 subscriptions f !m4 ,unwill+ t 8 s*eme %\ld prove abortive1 he s\ght ! aid ( ,frankl91 :o readily engag$ 9 ! bus9ess1 bo? by us+ 8 influ5ce ) 8 fri5ds1 & by /at+ ! advantage\s influ5ce ( ! propos$ in/itution 9 8 pap]4 ,^! ef=ts 7 att5d$ ) success4 ,consid]able sums 7 subscrib$2 b !y 7 /ill %ort ( :at 0 necess>y4 ,frankl9 n[ made ano!r ex]tion4 ,he appli$ to ! assembly2 &1 aft] "s opposition1 obta9$ leave to br+ 9 a bill1 specify+1 t z soon z two ?\s& p\nds 7 subscrib$1 ! same sum %\ld be drawn f ! treasury by ! speak]'s w>rant1 to be appli$ to ! purposes ( ! in/itution4 ,! opposition1 z ! sum 0 grant$ ^u a cont+5cy :i* !y suppos$ w\ld nev] take place1 7 sil5t1 & ! bill pass$4 ,! fri5ds ( ! plan n[ r$\bl$ _! ef=ts1 to obta9 subscriptions to ! am\nt /at$ 9 ! bill1 & 7 soon successful4 ,?is 0 ! f\ndation ( ! ,p5nsylvanian ,hospital1 :i*1 ) ! ,bett]+-h\se1 & ,disp5s>y1 be>s ample te/imony ( ! humanity ( ! citiz5s ( ,philadelphia4 ,dr4 ,frankl9 _h conduct$ himself s well 9 ! (fice ( po/-ma/]1 & _h %[n himself to be s well acqua9t$ ) ! bus9ess ( t dep>tm5t1 t x 0 ?\ght exp$i5t to raise him to a m dignifi$ /ation4 ,9 #agec he 0 appo9t$ deputy po/-ma/] g5]al = ! ,briti% colonies4 ,! pr(its aris+ f ! po/age ( lett]s =m$ no inconsid]able "p ( ! rev5ue1 :i* ! cr[n ( ,great ,brita9 d]iv$ f ^! colonies4 ,9 ! h&s ( ,frankl91 x is said1 t ! po/-(fice 9 ,am]ica1 yield$ annually ?rice z mu* z t ( ,irel&4 ,! ,am]ican colonies 7 mu* expos$ to depr$ations on _! fronti]s1 by ! ,indians2 & m p>ticul>ly :5ev] a w> took place betwe5 ,france & ,engl&4 ,! colonies1 individually1 7 ei!r too weak to take effici5t measures = _! own def5ce1 or !y 7 unwill+ to take ^u !mselves ! :ole burd5 ( erect+ =ts & ma9ta9+ g>risons1 :il/ _! neighb\rs1 :o p>took equally ) !mselves ( ! advantages1 contribut$ no?+ to ! exp5ce4 ,sometimes also ! disputes1 :i* subsi/$ betwe5 ! gov]nors & assemblies1 prev5t$ ! adoption ( means ( def5ce2 z we h se5 0 ! case 9 ,p5nsylvania 9 #agde4 ,to devise a plan ( union betwe5 ! colonies1 to regulate ?is & o!r matt]s1 appe>$ a desirable object4 ,to accompli% ?is1 9 ! ye> #aged1 commission]s f ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,massa*ussets1 ,rhode ,isl&1 ,new ,j]sey1 ,p5nsylvania1 & ,m>yl&1 met at ,albany4 ,dr4 ,frankl9 att5d$ "h1 z a commission] f ,p5nsylvania1 & produc$ a plan1 :i*1 f ! place ( meet+1 has be5 usually t]m$1 ,! ,albany plan ( ,union4 ,?is propos$1 t application %\ld be made = an act ( p>liam5t1 to e/abli% 9 ! colonies a g5]al gov]nm5t1 to be adm9i/]$ by a presid5t-g5]al1 appo9t$ by ! cr[n1 & by a gr& c\ncil1 consi/+ ( memb]s1 *os5 by ! repres5tatives ( ! diff]5t colonies2 _! numb] to be 9 direct proportion to ! sums paid by ea* colony into ! g5]al treasury1 ) ?is re/riction1 t no colony %\ld h m ?an sev51 nor less ?an two repres5tatives4 ,! :ole executive au?ority 0 committ$ to ! presid5t-g5]al4 ,! p[] ( legislation 0 lodg$ 9 ! gr& c\ncil & presid5t-g5]al jo9tly2 8 cons5t be+ made necess>y to pass+ a bill into a law4 ,! p[] ve/$ 9 ! presid5t & c\ncil 01 to decl>e w> & peace1 & to conclude treaties ) ! ,indian nations2 to regulate trade )1 & to make pur*ases ( vacant l&s f !m1 ei!r 9 ! "n ( ! cr[n1 or ( ! union2 to settle new colonies1 to make laws = gov]n+ ^! until !y %\ld be erect$ into sep>ate gov]nm5ts2 & to raise troops1 build =ts1 & fit out arm$ vessels1 & to use o!r means = ! g5]al def5ce2 &1 to effect ^! ?+s1 a p[] 0 giv5 to make laws1 lay+ su* duties1 impo/s1 or taxes1 z !y %\ld f9d necess>y1 & z w\ld be lea/ burd5some to ! p4 ,all laws 7 to be s5t to ,engl& = ! k+'s approbation2 & unless disapprov$ ( )9 ?ree ye>s1 7 to rema9 9 =ce4 ,all (fic]s 9 ! l& or sea s]vice 7 to be nom9at$ by ! presid5t-g5]al1 & approv$ ( by ! g5]al c\ncil2 civil (fic]s 7 to be nom9at$ by ! c\ncil1 & approv$ ( by ! presid5t4 ,su* are ! outl9es ( ! plan propos$1 = ! consid]ation ( ! congress1 by ,dr4 ,frankl94 ,aft] sev]al days' discussion1 x 0 unanim\sly agre$ to by ! commission]s1 a copy transmitt$ to ea* assembly1 & "o to ! k+'s c\ncil4 ,! fate ( x 0 s+ul>4 ,x 0 disapprov$ ( by ! m9i/ry ( ,great ,brita91 because x gave too mu* p[] to ! repres5tatives ( ! p2 & x 0 reject$ by e assembly1 z giv+ to ! presid5t-g5]al1 ! repres5tative ( ! cr[n1 an influ5ce great] ?an appe>$ to !m prop]1 9 a plan ( gov]nm5t int5d$ = freem54 ,p]haps ?is rejection1 on bo? sides1 is ! /ronge/ pro( t c\ld be adduc$ ( ! excell5ce ( x1 z suit$ to ! situation ( ,am]ica & ,great ,brita9 at t "t4 ,x appe>s to h /e]$ exactly 9 ! middle betwe5 ! opposite int]e/s ( bo?4 ,:e!r ! adoption ( ?is plan w\ld h prev5t$ ! sep>ation ( ,am]ica f ,great ,brita91 is a "q :i* might af=d mu* room = speculation4 ,x may be said1 t1 by enabl+ ! colonies to def5d !mselves1 x w\ld h remov$ ! pretext ^u :i* ! /amp-act1 tea-act1 & o!r acts ( ! ,briti% p>liam5t1 7 pass$2 :i* excit$ a _s ( opposition1 & laid ! f\ndation = ! sep>ation ( ! two c\ntries4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 x mu/ be admitt$1 t ! re/riction laid by ,great ,brita9 ^u our comm]ce1 oblig+ u to sell our produce to h] citiz5s only1 & to take f !m v>i\s articles1 ( :i*1 z our manufactures 7 disc\rag$1 we /ood 9 ne$1 at a price great] ?an t = :i* !y c\ld h be5 obta9$ f o!r nations1 mu/ inevitably produce dissatisfaction1 ev5 ?\gh no duties 7 impos$ by ! p>liam5t2 a circum/ance :i* might /ill h tak5 place4 ,besides1 z ! presid5t-g5]al 0 to be appo9t$ by ! cr[n1 he mu/1 ( necessity1 be devot$ to its views1 & w\ld1 !re=e1 refuse 8 ass5t to any laws1 h[ev] salut>y to ! community1 :i* _h ! mo/ remote t5d5cy to injure ! int]e/s ( 8 sov]eign4 ,ev5 %\ld !y receive 8 ass5t1 ! approbation ( ! k+ 0 to be necess>y2 :o w\ld indubitably1 9 e in/ance1 pref] ! advantage ( 8 home dom9ions to t ( 8 colonies4 ,h5ce w\ld ensue p]petual disagreem5ts betwe5 ! c\ncil & ! presid5t-g5]al1 & ?us1 betwe5 ! p ( ,am]ica & ! cr[n ( ,great ,brita93--,:ile ! colonies cont9u$ weak1 !y w\ld be oblig$ to submit1 & z soon z !y acquir$ /r5g? !y w\ld become m urg5t 9 _! dem&s1 until1 at l5g?1 !y w\ld %ake (f ! yoke1 & decl>e !mselves indep5d5t4 ,:il/ ! ,fr5* 7 9 possession ( ,canada1 _! trade ) ! natives ext5d$ v f>2 ev5 to ! back ( ! ,briti% settlem5ts4 ,!y 7 dispos$1 f "t to "t1 to e/abli% po/s )9 ! t]ritory1 :i* ! ,engli% claim$ z _! own4 ,indep5d5t ( ! injury to ! fur trade1 :i* 0 consid]able1 ! colonies suff]$ ?is fur!r inconv5i5ce1 t ! ,indians 7 frequ5tly in/igat$ to commit depr$ations on _! fronti]s4 ,9 ! ye> #agec1 encroa*m5ts 7 made ^u ! b\nd>ies ( ,virg9ia4 ,remon/rances _h no effect4 ,9 ! ensu+ ye>1 a body ( m5 7 s5t out "u ! comm& ( ,mr4 ,wa%+ton1 :o1 ?\gh a v "y man1 _h1 by 8 conduct 9 ! prec$+ ye>1 %ewn himself wor?y ( su* an important tru/4 ,:il/ m>*+ to take possession ( ! po/ at ! junction ( ! ,allegany & ,monongahela1 he 0 in=m$ t ! ,fr5* _h already erect$ a =t !re4 ,a deta*m5t ( _! m5 m>*$ aga9/ him4 ,he =tifi$ himself z /rongly z "t & circum/ances w\ld admit4 ,a sup]iority ( numb]s soon oblig$ him to surr5d] ,=t ,necessity4 ,he obta9$ hon\rable t]ms = himself & m51 & return$ to ,virg9ia4 ,! gov]nm5t ( ,great ,brita9 n[ ?\ght x necess>y to int]f]e4 ,9 ! ye> #agee1 ,g5]al ,braddock1 ) "s regim5ts ( regul> troops1 & prov9cial levies1 0 s5t to dispossess ! ,fr5* ( ! po/s ^u :i* !y _h seiz$4 ,aft] ! m5 7 all ready1 a difficulty occurr$1 :i* _h ne>ly prev5t$ ! exp$ition4 ,?is 0 ! want ( waggons4 ,frankl9 n[ /epp$ =w>d1 & ) ! assi/ance ( 8 son1 9 a little "t procur$ a hundr$ & fifty4 ,braddock un=tunately fell into an ambuscade1 & p]i%$1 ) a numb] ( 8 m54 ,wa%+ton1 :o _h accompani$ him z an aid-de-camp1 & _h w>n$ him1 9 va91 ( 8 dang]1 n[ display$ great milit>y tal5ts 9 effect+ a retreat ( ! rema9s ( ! army1 & 9 =m+ a junction ) ! re>1 "u colonel ,dunb>1 ^u :om ! *ief comm& n[ devolv$4 ,) "s difficulty !y br\ght _! little body to a place ( safety2 b !y f\nd x necess>y to de/roy _! waggons & baggage1 to prev5t !m fall+ into ! h&s ( ! enemy4 ,= ! waggons :i* he _h furni%$1 ,frankl9 _h giv5 bonds to a l>ge am\nt4 ,! own]s decl>$ _! int5tion ( oblig+ him to make a re/itution ( _! prop]ty4 ,_h !y put _! ?reats 9 execution1 ru9 mu/ inevitably h be5 ! consequ5ce4 ,gov]nor ,%irley1 f9d+ t he _h incurr$ ^! debts = ! s]vice ( gov]nm5t1 made arrangem5ts to h !m dis*>g$1 & releas$ ,frankl9 f 8 disagreeable situation4 ,! al>m spread ?r\gh ! colonies1 aft] ! defeat ( ,braddock1 0 v great4 ,prep>ations to arm 7 e :]e made4 ,9 ,p5nsylvania1 ! preval5ce ( ! ,quak] int]e/ prev5t$ ! adoption ( any sy/em ( def5ce1 :i* w\ld compel ! citiz5s to be> arms4 ,frankl9 introduc$ into ! assembly a bill = organiz+ a militia1 by :i* e man 0 all[$ to take arms or n1 z to him %\ld appe> fit4 ,! ,quak]s1 be+ ?us left at lib]ty1 suff]$ ! bill to pass2 = al?\gh _! pr9ciples w\ld n suff] !m to fight1 !y _h no objection to _! neighb\rs fight+ = !m4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is act a v respectable militia 0 =m$4 ,! s5se ( imp5d+ dang] infus$ a milit>y _s 9 all1 ^: religi\s t5ets 7 n oppos$ to w>4 ,frankl9 0 appo9t$ colonel ( a regim5t 9 ,philadelphia1 :i* consi/$ ( #abjj m54 ,! nor?-we/]n fronti] be+ invad$ by ! enemy1 x became necess>y to adopt measures = its def5ce4 ,frankl9 0 direct$ by ! gov]nor to take *>ge ( ?is4 ,a p[] ( rais+ m51 & ( appo9t+ (fic]s to comm& !m1 0 ve/$ 9 him4 ,he soon levi$ a body ( troops1 ) :i* he repair$ to ! place at :i* _! pres5ce 0 necess>y4 ,"h he built a =t1 & plac$ a g>rison 9 su* a po/ure ( def5ce1 z w\ld enable !m to )/& ! inroads1 to :i* ! inhabitants _h previ\sly be5 expos$4 ,he rema9$ "h = "s "t1 9 ord] ! m completely to dis*>ge ! tru/ committ$ to him4 ,"s bus9ess ( importance at l5g? r5d]$ 8 pres5ce necess>y 9 ! assembly1 & he return$ to ,philadelphia4 ,! def5ce ( h] colonies 0 a great exp5ce to ,great ,brita94 ,! mo/ effectual mode ( less5+ ?is 01 to put arms into ! h&s ( ! inhabitants1 & to tea* !m _! use4 ,b ,engl& wi%$ n t ! ,am]icans %\ld become acqua9t$ ) _! own /r5g?4 ,%e 0 appreh5sive1 t1 z soon z ?is p]iod arriv$1 !y w\ld no long] submit to t monopoly ( _! trade1 :i* to !m 0 highly injuri\s1 b extremely advantage\s to ! "m-c\ntry4 ,9 comp>ison ) ! pr(its ( ?is1 ! exp5ce ( ma9ta9+ armies & fleets to def5d !m 0 trifl+4 ,%e f\ght to keep !m dep5d5t ^u h] = protection2 ! be/ plan :i* c\ld be devis$ = reta9+ !m 9 peaceable subjection4 ,! lea/ appe>ance ( a milit>y _s 0 !re=e to be gu>d$ aga9/1 &1 al?\gh a w> !n rag$1 ! act = organiz+ a militia 0 disapprov$ ( by ! m9i/ry4 ,! regim5ts :i* _h be5 =m$ "u x 7 disb&$1 & ! def5ce ( ! prov9ce entru/$ to regul> troops4 ,! disputes betwe5 ! propriet>ies & ! p cont9u$ 9 full =ce1 al?\gh a w> 0 rag+ on ! fronti]s4 ,n ev5 ! s5se ( dang] 0 suffici5t to reconcile1 = ev] s %ort a "t1 _! j>r+ int]e/s4 ,! assembly /ill insi/$ ^u ! ju/ice ( tax+ ! propriet>y e/ates1 b ! gov]nors con/antly refus$ _! ass5t to ?is measure1 )\t :i* no bill c\ld pass into a law4 ,enrag$ at ! ob/9acy1 & :at !y conceiv$ to be unju/ proce$+s ( _! oppon5ts1 ! assembly at l5g? det]m9$ to apply to ! "m-c\ntry = relief4 ,a petition 0 address$ to ! k+1 9 c\ncil1 /at+ ! inconv5i5cies "u :i* ! inhabitants lab\r$1 f ! att5tion ( ! propriet>ies to _! private int]e/s1 to ! neglect ( ! g5]al welf>e ( ! community1 & pray+ = r$ress4 ,frankl9 0 appo9t$ to pres5t ?is address1 z ag5t = ! prov9ce ( ,p5nsylvania1 & dep>t$ f ,am]ica 9 ,june1 #ageg4 ,9 con=mity to ! in/ructions :i* he _h receiv$ f ! legislature1 he held a conf]5ce ) ! propriet>ies :o !n resid$ 9 ,engl&1 & endeav\r$ to prevail ^u !m to give up ! long conte/$ po9t4 ,f9d+ t !y w\ld h>k5 to no t]ms ( accommodation1 he laid 8 petition be=e ! ,c\ncil4 ,dur+ ?is "t gov]nor ,d5ny ass5t$ to a law impos+ a tax1 9 :i* no discrim9ation 0 made 9 fav\r ( ! e/ates ( ! ,p5n family4 ,!y1 al>m$ at ?is intellig5ce1 & ,frankl9's ex]tions1 us$ _! utmo/ endeav\rs to prev5t ! royal sanction be+ giv5 to ?is law1 :i* !y repres5t$ z highly iniquit\s1 design$ to ?r[ ! burd5 ( support+ gov]nm5t ^u !m1 & calculat$ to produce ! mo/ ru9\s consequ5ces to !m & _! po/]ity4 ,! cause 0 amply discuss$ be=e ! privy ,c\ncil4 ,! ,p5ns f\nd "h "s /r5u\s advocates2 nor 7 !re want+ "s :o w>mly esp\s$ ! side ( ! p4 ,aft] "s "t sp5t 9 debate1 a proposal 0 made1 t ,frankl9 %\ld solemnly engage1 t ! assessm5t ( ! tax %\ld be s made1 z t ! propriet>y e/ates %\ld pay no m ?an a due proportion4 ,?is he agre$ to p]=m2 ! ,p5n family )drew _! opposition1 & tranquillity 0 ?us once m re/or$ to ! prov9ce4 ,! mode 9 :i* ?is dispute 0 t]m9at$ is a /rik+ pro( ( ! high op9ion ent]ta9$ ( ,frankl9's integrity & hon\r1 ev5 by ^? :o consid]$ him z inimical to _! views4 ,nor 0 _! confid5ce ill-f\nd$4 ,! assessm5t 0 made ^u ! /ricte/ pr9ciples ( equity2 & ! propriet>y e/ates bore only a proportionable %>e ( ! exp5ces ( support+ gov]nm5t4 ,aft] ! completion ( ?is important bus9ess1 ,frankl9 rema9$ at ! c\rt ( ,great ,brita91 z ag5t = ! prov9ce ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,! ext5sive k :i* he possess$ ( ! situation ( ! colonies1 & ! reg>d :i* he always manife/$ = _! int]e/s1 occasion$ 8 appo9tm5t to ! same (fice by ! colonies ( ,massa*ussets1 ,m>yl&1 & ,georgia4 ,8 conduct1 9 ?is situation1 0 su* z r5d]$ him /ill m de> to 8 c\ntrym54 ,he _h n[ an opportunity ( indulg+ 9 ! society ( ^? fri5ds1 :om 8 m]its _h procur$ him :ile at a di/ance4 ,! reg>d :i* !y _h ent]ta9$ = him 0 r increas$ by a p]sonal acqua9tance4 ,! opposition :i* _h be5 made to 8 discov]ies 9 philosophy gradually ceas$1 & ! rew>ds ( lit]>y m]it 7 abundantly conf]r$ ^u him4 ,! ,royal ,society ( ,london1 :i* _h at fir/ refus$ 8 p]=mances admission into its transactions1 n[ ?\ght x an hon\r to rank him among/ its fell[s4 ,o!r societies ( ,europe 7 equally ambiti\s ( call+ him a memb]4 ,! univ]sity ( ,/4 ,&rew's1 9 ,scotl&1 conf]r$ ^u him ! degree ( ,doctor ( ,laws4 ,its example 0 foll[$ by ! univ]sities ( ,ed9burgh & ,ox=d4 ,8 correspond5ce 0 s\ght = by ! mo/ em95t philosoph]s ( ,europe4 ,8 lett]s to ^! ab\nd ) true sci5ce1 deliv]$ 9 ! mo/ simple unadorn$ mann]4 ,! prov9ce ( ,canada 0 at ?is "t 9 ! possession ( ! ,fr5*1 :o _h orig9ally settl$ x4 ,! trade ) ! ,indians1 = :i* its situation 0 v conv5i5t1 0 exce$+ly lucrative4 ,! ,fr5* trad]s "h f\nd a m>ket = _! commodities1 & receiv$ 9 return l>ge quantities ( ri* furs1 :i* !y dispos$ ( at a high price 9 ,europe4 ,:il/ ! possession ( ?is c\ntry 0 highly advantage\s to ,france1 x 0 a griev\s inconv5i5ce to ! inhabitants ( ! ,briti% colonies4 ,! ,indians 7 almo/ g5]ally desir\s to cultivate ! fri5d%ip ( ! ,fr5*1 by :om !y 7 abundantly suppli$ ) arms & ammunition4 ,:5ev] a w> happ5$1 ! ,indians 7 ready to fall ^u ! fronti]s3 & ?is !y frequ5tly did1 ev5 :5 ,great ,brita9 & ,france 7 at peace4 ,f ^! consid]ations1 x appe>$ to be ! int]e/ ( ,great ,brita9 to ga9 ! possession ( ,canada4 ,b ! importance ( su* an acquisition 0 n well und]/ood 9 ,engl&4 ,frankl9 ab\t ?is "t publi%$ 8 ,canada pamphlet1 9 :i* he1 9 a =cible mann]1 po9t$ out ! advantages :i* w\ld result f ! conque/ ( ?is prov9ce4 ,an exp$ition aga9/ x 0 plann$1 & ! comm& giv5 to ,g5]al ,wolfe4 ,8 success is well kn[n4 ,at ! treaty 9 #agfb1 ,france c$$ ,canada to ,great ,brita91 & by h] cession ( ,l\isiana1 at ! same "t1 rel9qui%$ all h] possessions on ! cont95t ( ,am]ica4 ,al?\gh ,dr4 ,frankl9 0 n[ pr9cipally occupi$ ) political pursuits1 he f\nd "t = philosophical /udies4 ,he ext5d$ 8 rese>*es 9 electricity1 & made a v>iety ( exp]im5ts1 p>ticul>ly on ! t\rmal94 ,! s+ul> prop]ties :i* ?is /one possesses ( be+ electrifi$ on "o side positively & on ! o!r negatively1 by heat alone1 )\t friction1 _h be5 b lately obs]v$4 ,"s exp]im5ts on ! cold produc$ by evaporation1 made by ,dr4 ,cull51 _h be5 communicat$ to ,dr4 ,frankl91 by ,pr(essor ,simpson1 ( ,glasg[4 ,^! he repeat$1 & f\nd1 t1 by ! evaporation ( !r 9 ! exhau/$ receiv] ( an air-pump1 s great a degree ( cold 0 produc$ 9 a summ]'s day1 t wat] 0 conv]t$ into ice4 ,?is discov]y he appli$ to ! solution ( a numb] ( ph5om5a1 p>ticul>ly a s+ul> fact1 :i* philosoph]s _h endeav\r$ 9 va9 to acc\nt =1 viz4 t ! temp]ature ( ! human body1 :5 9 heal?1 nev] exce$s #if degrees ( ,fahr5heit's !rmomet]1 ?\gh ! atmosph]e :i* surr\nds x may be heat$ to a mu* great] degree4 ,?is he attribut$ to ! increas$ p]spiration1 & consequ5t evaporation1 produc$ by ! heat4 ,9 a lett] to ,mr4 ,small1 ( ,london1 dat$ 9 ,may1 #agfj1 ,dr4 ,frankl9 makes a numb] ( obs]vations1 t5d+ to %[ t1 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 nor?-ea/ /orms beg9 9 ! s\?-we/ p>ts4 ,x appe>s1 f actual obs]vations1 t a nor?-ea/ /orm1 :i* ext5d$ a consid]able di/ance1 comm5c$ at ,philadelphia ne> f\r h\rs be=e x 0 felt at ,bo/on4 ,he endeav\r$ to acc\nt = ?is1 by suppos+ t1 f heat1 "s r>efaction takes place ab\t ! gulph ( ,mexico1 t ! air fur!r nor? ru%es 91 & is succe$$ by ! cool] & d5s] air /ill f>!r nor?1 & t ?us a cont9ual curr5t is at l5g? produc$4 ,! tone produc$ by rubb+ ! brim ( a dr9k+-glass ) a wet f+]1 _h be5 g5]ally kn[n4 ,a ,mr4 ,puck]idge1 an ,iri%man1 by plac+ on a table a numb] ( glasses ( diff]5t sizes1 & tun+ !m by p>tly fill+ !m ) wat]1 endeav\r$ to =m an in/rum5t capable ( play+ tunes4 ,he 0 prev5t$ by an untimely end1 f br++ 8 inv5tion to any degree ( p]fection4 ,aft] 8 dea? "s improvem5ts 7 made ^u 8 plan4 ,! sweetness ( ! tones induc$ ,dr4 ,frankl9 to make a v>iety ( exp]im5ts2 & he at l5g? =m$ t elegant in/rum5t :i* he has call$ ! ,armonica4 ,9 ! summ] ( #agfb1 he return$ to ,am]ica4 ,on 8 passage he obs]v$ ! s+ul> effect produc$ by ! agitation ( a vessel1 conta9+ oil1 float+ on wat]4 ,! surface ( ! oil rema9s smoo? & undi/urb$1 :il/ ! wat] is agitat$ ) ! utmo/ commotion4 ,no satisfactory explanation ( ?is appe>ance has1 we believe1 ev] be5 giv54 ,dr4 ,frankl9 receiv$ ! ?anks ( ! assembly ( ,p5nsylvania1 z well = ! fai?ful dis*>ge ( 8 duty to t prov9ce 9 p>ticul>1 z = ! _m & important s]vices done to ,am]ica 9 g5]al1 dur+ 8 resid5ce 9 ,great ,brita94 ,a comp5sation ( #ejjjl41 ,p5nsylvania curr5cy1 0 also decre$ him = 8 s]vices dur+ six ye>s4 ,dur+ 8 abs5ce he _h be5 annually elect$ memb] ( ! assembly4 ,on 8 return to ,p5nsylvania he aga9 took 8 seat 9 ?is body1 & cont9u$ a /eady def5d] ( ! lib]ties ( ! p4 ,9 ,decemb] #agfb1 a circum/ance :i* caus$ great al>m 9 ! prov9ce took place4 ,a numb] ( ,indians _h resid$ 9 ! c\nty ( ,lanca/]1 & conduct$ !mselves uni=mly z fri5ds to ! :ite inhabitants4 ,repeat$ depr$ations on ! fronti]s _h exasp]at$ ! inhabitants to su* a degree1 t !y det]m9$ on rev5ge ^u e ,indian4 ,a numb] ( p]sons1 to ! numb] ( ab\t #abj1 pr9cipally inhabitants ( ,donegal & ,peck/ang or ,paxton t[n%ip1 9 ! c\nty ( ,york1 assembl$2 &1 m\nt$ on horseback1 proce$$ to ! settlem5t ( ^! h>mless & def5celess ,indians1 ^: numb] _h n[ be5 r$uc$ to ab\t tw5ty4 ,! ,indians _h receiv$ intellig5ce ( ! attack :i* 0 int5d$ aga9/ !m1 b disbeliev$ x4 ,consid]+ ! :ite p z _! fri5ds1 !y appreh5d$ no dang] f !m4 ,:5 ! p>ty arriv$ at ! ,indian settlem5t1 !y f\nd only "s wom5 & *ildr51 & a few old m51 ! re/ be+ abs5t at "w4 ,!y murd]$ all :om !y f\nd1 & among/ o!rs ! *ief ,%aheas1 :o _h be5 always di/+ui%$ = 8 fri5d%ip to ! :ites4 ,?is bloody de$ excit$ mu* indignation 9 ! well-dispos$ "p ( ! community4 ,! rema9d] ( ^! un=tunate ,indians1 :o by abs5ce1 _h escap$ ! massacre1 7 conduct$ to ,lanca/]1 & lodg$ 9 ! gaol z a place ( security4 ,! gov]nor issu$ a proclamation express+ ! /ronge/ disapprobation ( ! action1 (f]+ a rew>d = ! discov]y ( ! p]petrators ( ! de$1 & prohibit+ all injuries to ! peaceable ,indians 9 future4 ,b1 not)/&+ ?is1 a p>ty ( ! same m5 %ortly aft] m>*$ to ,lanca/]1 broke op5 ! gaol1 & inhumanly but*]$ ! innoc5t ,indians1 :o _h be5 plac$ !re = security4 ,ano!r proclamation 0 issu$1 b x _h no effect4 ,a deta*m5t m>*$ d[n to ,philadelphia1 = ! express purpose ( murd]+ "s fri5dly ,indians1 :o _h be5 remov$ to ! city = safety4 ,a numb] ( ! citiz5s arm$ 9 _! def5ce4 ,! quak]s1 ^: pr9ciples are oppos$ to fight+1 ev5 9 _! own def5ce1 7 mo/ active ^u ?is occasion4 ,! riot]s came to ,g]mant[n4 ,! gov]nor fl$ = safety to ! h\se ( ,dr4 ,frankl91 :o1 ) "s o!rs1 advanc$ to meet ! ,paxton boys1 z !y 7 call$1 & _h influ5ce en\gh to prevail ^u !m to rel9qui% _! und]tak+1 & return to _! homes4 ,! disputes betwe5 ! propriet>ies & ! assembly1 :i*1 = a "t1 _h subsid$1 7 aga9 reviv$4 ,! propriet>ies 7 dissatisfi$ ) ! concessions made 9 fav\r ( ! p1 & made great /ruggles to recov] ! privilege ( exempt+ _! e/ates f taxation1 :i* !y _h be5 induc$ to give up4 ,9 #agfc1 ! assembly pass$ a militia-bill1 to :i* ! gov]nor refus$ to give 8 ass5t1 unless ! assembly w\ld agree to c]ta9 am5dm5ts :i* he propos$4 ,^! consi/$ 9 increas+ ! f9es1 & 9 "s cases1 sub/itut+ dea? = f9es4 ,he wi%$ too1 t ! (fic]s %\ld be appo9t$ altoge!r by himself1 & n be nom9at$ by ! p1 z ! bill _h propos$4 ,^! am5dm5ts ! assembly consid]$ z inconsi/5t ) ! _s ( lib]ty4 ,!y w\ld n adopt !m--! gov]nor 0 ob/9ate1 & ! bill 0 lo/4 ,^!1 & v>i\s o!r circum/ances1 encreas$ ! uneas9ess :i* subsi/$ betwe5 ! propriet>ies & ! assembly1 to su* a degree1 t1 9 #agfd1 a petition to ! k+ 0 agre$ to by ! h\se1 pray+ an alt]ation f a propriet>y to a regal gov]nm5t4 ,great opposition 0 made to ?is measure1 n only 9 ! h\se1 b 9 ! public pr9ts4 ,a spee* ( ,mr4 ,dick5son on ! subject 0 publi%$1 ) a preface by ,dr4 ,smi?1 9 :i* great pa9s 7 tak5 to %[ ! impropriety & impolicy ( ?is proce$+4 ,a spee* ( ,mr4 ,gall[ay1 9 reply to ,mr4 ,dick5son1 0 publi%$1 accompani$ ) a preface by ,dr4 ,frankl91 9 :i* he ably oppos$ ! pr9ciples laid d[n 9 ! preface to ,mr4 ,dick5son's spee*4 ,?is application to ! ?rone produc$ no effect4 ,! propriet>y gov]nm5t 0 /ill cont9u$4 ,at ! election ( a new assembly1 9 ! fall ( #agfd1 ! fri5ds ( ! propriet>ies made great ex]tions to exclude ^? ( ! adv]se p>ty2 & !y obta9$ a small majority 9 ! city ( ,philadelphia4 ,frankl9 n[ lo/ 8 seat 9 ! h\se1 :i* he _h held = f\rte5 ye>s4 ,on ! meet+ ( ! assembly1 x appe>$ !re 0 /ill a decid$ majority ( ,frankl9's fri5ds4 ,he 0 imm$iately appo9t$ prov9cial ag5t1 to ! great *agr9 ( 8 enemies1 :o made a solemn prote/ aga9/ 8 appo9tm5t1 :i* 0 refus$ admission ^u ! m9utes1 z be+ unprec$5t$4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 publi%$ 9 ! pap]s1 & produc$ a spirit$ reply f him1 j be=e 8 dep>ture = ,engl&4 ,! di/urbances produc$ 9 ,am]ica by ,mr4 ,gr5ville's /amp-act1 & ! opposition made to x1 are well kn[n4 ,"u ! m>quis ( ,rock+ham's adm9i/ration1 x appe>$ exp$i5t to endeav\r to calm ! m9ds ( ! coloni/s2 & ! repeal ( ! odi\s tax 0 contemplat$4 ,among/ o!r means ( collect+ in=mation on ! disposition ( ! p to submit to x1 ,dr4 ,frankl9 0 call$ to ! b> ( ! h\se ( commons4 ,! exam9ation :i* he und]w5t 0 publi%$1 & conta9s a /rik+ acc\nt ( ! ext5t & accuracy ( 8 in=mation1 & ! facility ) :i* he communicat$ 8 s5tim5ts4 ,he repres5t$ facts 9 s /rong a po9t ( view1 t ! inexp$i5cy ( ! act mu/ h appe>$ cle> to e unprejudic$ m9d4 ,! act1 aft] "s opposition1 0 repeal$1 ab\t a ye> aft] x 0 enact$1 & be=e x _h ev] be5 c>ri$ into execution4 ,9 ! ye> #agff1 he made a visit to ,holl& & ,g]many1 & receiv$ ! greate/ m>ks ( att5tion f m5 ( sci5ce4 ,9 8 passage ?r\gh ,holl& he le>n$ f ! wat]m5 ! effect :i* a dim9ution ( ! quantity ( wat] 9 canals has1 9 imp$+ ! progress ( boats4 ,^u 8 return to ,engl&1 he 0 l$ to make a numb] ( exp]im5ts1 all ( :i* t5d$ to confirm ! obs]vation4 ,^!1 ) an explanation ( ! ph5om5on1 he communicat$ 9 a lett] to 8 fri5d1 ,sir ,john ,pr+le1 :i* w be f\nd among 8 philosophical pieces4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye> he travell$ into ,france1 :]e he met a no less favorable reception ?an he _h exp]i5c$ 9 ,g]many4 ,he 0 introduc$ to a numb] ( lit]>y *>act]s1 & to ! k+1 ,l\is ,,xv4 ,sev]al lett]s writt5 by ,hut*9son1 ,oliv]1 & o!rs1 to p]sons 9 em95t /ations 9 ,great ,brita91 came into ! h&s ( ,dr4 ,frankl94 ,^! conta9$ ! mo/ viol5t invectives aga9/ ! lead+ *>act]s ( ! /ate ( ,massa*ussets1 & /r5u\sly advis$ ! prosecution ( vigor\s measures1 to compel ! p to ob$i5ce to ! measures ( ! m9i/ry4 ,^! he transmitt$ to ! legislature1 by :om !y 7 publi%$4 ,atte/$ copies ( !m 7 s5t to ,great ,brita91 ) an address1 pray+ ! k+ to dis*>ge f (fice p]sons :o _h r5d]$ !mselves s obnoxi\s to ! p1 & :o _h %[n !mselves s unfri5dly to _! int]e/s4 ,! publication ( ^! lett]s produc$ a duel betwe5 ,mr4 ,:ately & ,mr4 ,temple1 ea* ( :om 0 suspect$ ( hav+ be5 in/rum5tal 9 procur+ !m4 ,to prev5t any f>!r disputes on ?is subject1 ,dr4 ,frankl91 9 "o ( ! public pap]s1 decl>$ t he _h s5t !m to ,am]ica1 b w\ld give no in=mation conc]n+ ! mann] 9 :i* he _h obta9$ !m--nor 0 ?is ev] discov]$4 ,%ortly aft]1 ! petition ( ! ,massa*ussets assembly 0 tak5 up = exam9ation1 be=e ! privy c\ncil4 ,dr4 ,frankl9 att5d$1 z ag5t = ! assembly2 & "h a torr5t ( ! mo/ viol5t & unw>rant$ abuse 0 p\r$ ^u him by ! solicitor-g5]al1 ,w$d]burne1 :o 0 engag$ z c\ncil = ,oliv] & ,hut*9son4 ,! petition 0 decl>$ to be sc&al\s & vexati\s1 & ! pray] ( x refus$4 ,al?\gh ! p>liam5t ( ,great ,brita9 _h repeal$ ! /amp-act1 x 0 only ^u ! pr9ciple ( exp$i5cy4 ,!y /ill insi/$ ^u _! "r to tax ! colonies2 &1 at ! same "t t ! /amp-act 0 repeal$1 an act 0 pass$1 decl>+ ! "r ( p>liam5t to b9d ! colonies 9 all cases :atsoev]4 ,?is language 0 us$ ev5 by ! mo/ /r5u\s oppos]s ( ! /amp-act3 &1 among/ o!rs1 by ,mr4 ,pitt4 ,?is "r 0 nev] recogniz$ by ! coloni/s2 b1 z !y flatt]$ !mselves t x w\ld n be ex]cis$1 !y 7 n v active 9 remon/rat+ aga9/ x4 ,_h ?is pret5d$ "r be5 suff]$ to rema9 dormant1 ! coloni/s w\ld *e]fully h furni%$ _! quota ( supplies1 9 ! mode to :i* !y _h be5 accu/om$2 t is1 by acts ( _! own assemblies1 9 consequ5ce ( requisitions f ! secret>y ( /ate4 ,if ?is practice _h be5 pursu$1 su* 0 ! disposition ( ! colonies t[>ds _! "m-c\ntry1 t1 not)/&+ ! disadvantages "u :i* !y lab\r$1 f re/ra9ts ^u _! trade1 calculat$ solely = ! b5efit ( ! comm]cial & manufactur+ int]e/s ( ,great ,brita91 a sep>ation ( ! two c\ntries might h be5 a f> di/ant ev5t4 ,! ,am]icans1 f _! e>lie/ infancy1 7 taught to v5]ate a p f :om !y 7 desc5d$2 ^: language1 laws1 & mann]s1 7 ! same z _! own4 ,!y look$ up to !m z models ( p]fection2 &1 9 _! prejudic$ m9ds1 ! mo/ enlight5$ nations ( ,europe 7 consid]$ z almo/ b>b>ians1 9 comp>ison ) ,engli%m54 ,! "n ( an ,engli%man convey$ to an ,am]ican ! idea ( e ?+ good & great4 ,su* s5tim5ts in/ill$ into !m 9 e>ly life1 :at b a repetition ( unju/ treatm5t c\ld h induc$ !m to ent]ta9 ! mo/ di/ant ?\ght ( sep>ation6 ,! duties on glass1 pap]1 lea!r1 pa9t]s' col\rs1 tea1 c4 ! disfran*isem5t ( "s ( ! colonies2 ! ob/ruction to ! measures ( ! legislature 9 o!rs1 by ! k+'s gov]nors2 ! contemptu\s treatm5t ( _! humble remon/rances1 /at+ _! grievances1 & pray+ a r$ress ( !m1 & o!r viol5t & oppressive measures1 at l5g? excit$ an ard5t _s ( opposition4 ,in/ead ( endeav\r+ to allay ?is by a m l5i5t conduct1 ! m9i/ry seem$ resolutely b5t ^u r$uc+ ! colonies to ! mo/ slavi% ob$i5ce to _! decrees4 ,b ?is only t5d$ to aggravate4 ,va9 7 all ! ef=ts made use ( to prevail ^u !m to lay aside _! designs1 to conv9ce !m ( ! impossibility ( c>ry+ !m into effect1 & ( ! mis*iev\s consequ5ces :i* mu/ ensue f a cont9uance ( ! attempts4 ,!y p]sev]$1 ) a degree ( inflexibility sc>cely p>allel$4 ,! advantages :i* ,great ,brita9 d]iv$ f h] colonies 7 s great1 t no?+ b a degree ( infatuation1 little %ort ( madness1 c\ld h produc$ a cont9uance ( measures calculat$ to keep up a _s ( uneas9ess1 :i* might occasion ! slighte/ wi% = a sep>ation4 ,:5 we consid] ! great improvem5ts 9 ! sci5ce ( gov]nm5t1 ! g5]al diffusion ( ! pr9ciples ( lib]ty among/ ! p ( ,europe1 ! effects :i* ^! h already produc$ 9 ,france1 & ! probable consequ5ces :i* w result f !m else:]e1 all ( :i* are ! (fspr+ ( ! ,am]ican revolution1 x _c b appe> /range1 t ev5ts ( s great mom5t to ! happ9ess ( mank9d1 %\ld h be5 ultimately occasion$ by ! wick$ness or ignorance ( a ,briti% m9i/ry4 ,dr4 ,frankl9 left no?+ untri$ to prevail ^u ! m9i/ry to cons5t to a *ange ( measures4 ,9 private conv]sations1 & 9 lett]s to p]sons 9 gov]nm5t1 he cont9ually expatiat$ ^u ! impolicy & inju/ice ( _! conduct t[>ds ,am]ica2 & /at$1 t1 not)/&+ ! atta*m5t ( ! coloni/s to ! "m-c\ntry1 a repetition ( ill treatm5t mu/ ultimately ali5ate _! affections4 ,!y li/5$ n to 8 advice4 ,!y bl9dly p]sev]$ 9 _! own s*emes1 & left to ! coloni/s no alt]native1 b opposition1 or unconditional submission4 ,! latt] accord$ n ) ! pr9ciples ( fre$om1 :i* !y _h be5 taught to rev]e4 ,to ! =m] !y 7 compell$1 ?\gh reluctantly1 to h rec\rse4 ,dr4 ,frankl91 f9d+ all ef=ts to re/ore h>mony betwe5 ,great ,brita9 & h] colonies useless1 return$ to ,am]ica 9 ! ye> #agge2 j aft] ! comm5cem5t ( ho/ilities4 ,! day aft] 8 return he 0 elect$ by ! legislature ( ,p5nsylvania a delegate to congress4 ,n long aft] 8 election a committee 0 appo9t$1 consi/+ ( ,mr4 ,lyn*1 ,mr4 ,h>rison1 & himself1 to visit ! camp at ,cambridge1 &1 9 conjunction ) ! comm&] 9 *ief1 to endeav\r to conv9ce ! troops1 ^: t]m ( enli/m5t 0 ab\t to expire1 ( ! necessity ( _! cont9u+ 9 ! field1 & p]sev]+ 9 ! cause ( _! c\ntry4 ,9 ! fall ( ! same ye> he visit$ ,canada1 to endeav\r to unite !m 9 ! common cause ( lib]ty2 b !y c\ld n be prevail$ ^u to oppose ! measures ( ! ,briti% gov]nm5t4 ,m4 ,le ,roy1 9 a lett] annex$ to ,abb ,fau*et's eulogium ( ,dr4 ,frankl91 /ates1 t ! ill success ( ?is negociation 0 occasion$1 9 a great degree1 by religi\s animosities1 :i* subsi/$ betwe5 ! ,canadians & _! neighb\rs1 "s ( :om _h at diff]5t times burnt _! *apels4 ,:5 ,"l ,h[e came to ,am]ica1 9 #aggf1 ve/$ ) p[] to treat ) ! coloni/s1 a correspond5ce took place betwe5 him & ,dr4 ,frankl91 on ! subject ( a reconciliation4 ,dr4 ,frankl9 0 aft]w>ds appo9t$1 toge!r ) ,john ,adams1 & ,edw>d ,rutl$ge1 to wait ^u ! commission]s1 9 ord] to le>n ! ext5t ( _! p[]s4 ,^! 7 f\nd to be only to grant p>dons ^u submission4 ,su* t]ms :i* c\ld n be accept$2 & ! object ( ! commission]s 0 n obta9$4 ,! mom5t\s "q ( indep5d5ce 0 %ortly aft] br\ght into view1 at a "t :5 ! fleets & armies1 :i* 7 s5t to en=ce ob$i5ce1 7 truly =midable4 ,) an army1 num]\s inde$1 b ignorant ( discipl9e1 & entirely unskill$ 9 ! art ( w>1 )\t money1 )\t a fleet1 )\t allies1 & ) no?+ b ! love ( lib]ty to support !m1 ! coloni/s det]m9$ to sep>ate f a c\ntry1 f :i* !y _h exp]i5c$ a repetition ( injury & insult4 ,9 ?is "q1 ,dr4 ,frankl9 0 decid$ly 9 fav\r ( ! measure propos$1 & _h great influ5ce 9 br++ o!rs to 8 s5tim5ts4 ,! public m9d _h be5 prep>$ = ?is ev5t1 by ,mr4 ,pa9e's celebrat$ pamphlet1 ,common ,s5se4 ,!re is good reason to believe t ,dr4 ,frankl9 _h no inconsid]able %>e1 at lea/1 9 furni%+ mat]ials = ?is "w4 ,9 ! conv5tion :i* assembl$ at ,philadelphia 9 #aggf1 = ! purpose ( e/abli%+ a new =m ( gov]nm5t = ! /ate ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,dr4 ,frankl9 0 *os5 presid5t4 ,! late con/itution ( ?is /ate1 :i* 0 ! result ( _! delib]ations1 may be consid]$ z a dige/ ( 8 pr9ciples ( gov]nm5t4 ,! s+le legislature1 & ! plural executive1 seem to h be5 8 fav\rite t5ets4 ,9 ! latt] end ( #aggf1 ,dr4 ,frankl9 0 appo9t$ to assi/ 9 ! negociation :i* _h be5 set on foot by ,silas ,deane at ! c\rt ( ,france4 ,a conviction ( ! advantages ( a comm]cial int]c\rse ) ,am]ica1 & a desire ( weak5+ ! ,briti% empire by dismemb]+ x1 fir/ induc$ ! ,fr5* c\rt to li/5 to proposals ( an alliance4 ,b !y %ew$ r a reluctance to ! measure1 :i*1 by ,dr4 ,frankl9's address1 & p>ticul>ly by ! success ( ! ,am]ican arms aga9/ g5]al ,burgoyne1 0 at l5g? ov]come2 & 9 ,febru>y1 #aggh1 a treaty ( alliance1 (f5sive & def5sive1 0 conclud$2 9 consequ5ce ( :i* ,france became involv$ 9 ! w> ) ,great ,brita94 ,p]haps no p]son c\ld h be5 f\nd m capable ( r5d]+ ess5tial s]vices to ! ,unit$ ,/ates at ! c\rt ( ,france1 ?an ,dr4 ,frankl94 ,he 0 well kn[n z a philosoph]1 & 8 "* 0 held 9 ! highe/ e/imation4 ,he 0 receiv$ ) ! greate/ m>ks ( respect by all ! lit]>y *>act]s2 & ?is respect 0 ext5d$ among/ all classes ( m54 ,8 p]sonal influ5ce 0 h5ce v consid]able4 ,to ! effects ( ?is 7 add$ ^? ( v>i\s p]=mances :i* he publi%$1 t5d+ to e/abli% ! cr$it & "* ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,to 8 ex]tions 9 ?is way1 may1 9 no small degree1 be ascrib$ ! success ( ! loans negociat$ 9 ,holl& & ,france1 :i* greatly contribut$ to br+ ! w> to a conclusion4 ,! repeat$ ill success ( _! arms1 & m p>ticul>ly ! capture ( ,cornwallis & 8 army1 at l5g? conv9c$ ! ,briti% nation ( ! impossibility ( r$uc+ ! ,am]icans to subjection4 ,! trad+ int]e/ p>ticul>ly became clamor\s = peace4 ,! m9i/ry 7 unable long] to oppose _! wi%es4 ,provisional articles ( peace 7 agre$ to1 & sign$ at ,p>is on ! #cj? ( ,novemb]1 #aghb1 by ,dr4 ,frankl91 ,mr4 ,adams1 ,mr4 ,jay1 & ,mr4 ,laur5s1 on ! "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & by ,mr4 ,oswald on ! "p ( ,great ,brita94 ,^! =m$ ! basis ( ! def9itive treaty1 :i* 0 conclud$ ! #c;d ( ,septemb]1 #aghc1 & sign$ by ,dr4 ,frankl91 ,mr4 ,adams1 & ,mr4 ,jay1 on ! "o "p1 & by ,mr4 ,david ,h>tly on ! o!r4 ,on ! ?ird ( ,april1 #aghc1 a treaty ( amity & comm]ce1 betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,sw$51 0 conclud$ at ,p>is1 by ,dr4 ,frankl9 & ! ,c\nt ,von ,krutz4 ,a simil> treaty ) ,prussia 0 conclud$ 9 #aghe1 n long be=e ,dr4 ,frankl9's dep>ture f ,europe4 ,dr4 ,frankl9 did n suff] 8 political pursuits to engross 8 :ole att5tion4 ,"s ( 8 p]=mances made _! appe>ance 9 ,p>is4 ,! object ( ^! 0 g5]ally ! promotion ( indu/ry & economy4 ,9 ! ye> #aghd1 :5 animal magnetism made great noise 9 ! _w1 p>ticul>ly at ,p>is1 x 0 ?\ght a matt] ( su* importance1 t ! k+ appo9t$ commission]s to exam9e into ! f\ndation ( ?is pret5d$ sci5ce4 ,dr4 ,frankl9 0 "o ( ! numb]4 ,aft] a fair & dilig5t exam9ation1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* ,mesm] repeat$ a numb] ( exp]im5ts1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! commission]s1 "s ( :i* 7 tri$ ^u !mselves1 !y det]m9$ t x 0 a m]e trick1 int5d$ to impose ^u ! ignorant & cr$ul\s--,mesm] 0 ?us int]rupt$ 9 8 c>e] to weal? & fame1 & a mo/ insol5t attempt to impose ^u ! human und]/&+ baffl$4 ,! important ends ( ,dr4 ,frankl9's mission be+ complet$ by ! e/abli%m5t ( ,am]ican indep5d5ce1 & ! infirmities ( age & disease com+ ^u him1 he became desir\s ( return+ to 8 native c\ntry4 ,^u application to congress to be recall$1 ,mr4 ,jeff]son 0 appo9t$ to succe$ him 9 #aghe4 ,"s "t 9 ,septemb] ( ! same ye> ,dr4 ,frankl9 arriv$ 9 ,philadelphia4 ,he 0 %ortly aft] *os5 memb] ( ! supreme executive c\ncil = ! city2 & soon aft] 0 elect$ presid5t ( ! same4 ,:5 a conv5tion 0 call$ to meet 9 ,philadelphia1 9 #aghg1 = ! purpose ( giv+ m en]gy to ! gov]nm5t ( ! union1 by revis+ & am5d+ ! articles ( conf$]ation1 ,dr4 ,frankl9 0 appo9t$ a delegate f ! ,/ate ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,he sign$ ! con/itution :i* !y propos$ = ! union1 & gave x ! mo/ unequivocal m>ks ( 8 approbation4 ,a society = political enquiries1 ( :i* ,dr4 ,frankl9 0 presid5t1 0 e/abli%$ ab\t ?is p]iod4 ,! meet+s 7 held at 8 h\se4 ,two or ?ree essays read 9 ?is society 7 publi%$4 ,x did n long cont9ue4 ,9 ! ye> #aghg1 two societies 7 e/abli%$ 9 ,philadelphia1 f\nd$ on ! pr9ciples ( ! mo/ lib]al & ref9$ humanity--,! ,philadelphia ,society = alleviat+ ! mis]ies ( public prisons2 & ! ,p5nsylvania ,society = promot+ ! abolition ( slav]y1 ! relief ( free negroes unlawfully held 9 bondage1 & ! improvem5t ( ! condition ( ! ,african race4 ,( ea* ( ^! ,dr4 ,frankl9 0 presid5t4 ,! lab\rs ( ^! bodies h be5 cr[n$ ) great success2 & !y cont9ue to prosecute1 ) unwe>i$ dilig5ce1 ! laudable designs = :i* !y 7 e/abli%$4 ,dr4 ,frankl9's increas+ infirmities prev5t$ 8 regul> att5dance at ! c\ncil-*amb]2 &1 9 #aghh1 he retir$ :olly f public life4 ,8 con/itution _h be5 a rem>kably good "o4 ,he _h be5 little subject to disease1 except an attack ( ! g\t occasionally1 until ab\t ! ye> #agha1 :5 he 0 fir/ attack$ ) symptoms ( ! calcul\s compla9t1 :i* cont9u$ dur+ 8 life4 ,dur+ ! int]vals ( pa9 f ?is griev\s disease1 he sp5t _m *e]ful h\rs1 conv]s+ 9 ! mo/ agreeable & in/ructive mann]4 ,8 faculties 7 entirely unimpair$1 ev5 to ! h\r ( 8 dea?4 ,8 "n1 z presid5t ( ! abolition society1 0 sign$ to ! memorial pres5t$ to ! h\se ( repres5tatives ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 on ! #ab? ( ,febru>y1 #aghi1 pray+ !m to ex]t ! full ext5t ( p[] ve/$ 9 !m by ! con/itution1 9 disc\rag+ ! traffic ( ! human species4 ,?is 0 8 la/ public act4 ,9 ! debates to :i* ?is memorial gave rise1 sev]al attempts 7 made to ju/ify ! trade4 ,9 ! ,f$]al ,gazette ( ,m>* #be?1 !re appe>$ an essay1 sign$ ,hi/oricus1 writt5 by ,dr4 ,frankl91 9 :i* he communicat$ a spee*1 said to h be5 deliv]$ 9 ! ,divan ( ,algi]s1 9 #afhg1 9 opposition to ! pray] ( ! petition ( a sect call$ ,erika1 or puri/s1 = ! abolition ( piracy & slav]y4 ,?is pret5d$ ,african spee* 0 an excell5t p>ody ( "o deliv]$ by ,mr4 ,jackson1 ( ,georgia4 ,all ! argum5ts urg$ 9 fav\r ( negro slav]y1 are appli$ ) equal =ce to ju/ify ! plund]+ & enslav+ ( ,europeans4 ,x af=ds1 at ! same "t1 a demon/ration ( ! futility ( ! argum5ts 9 def5ce ( ! slave trade1 & ( ! /r5g? ( m9d & +5uity ( ! au?or1 at 8 advanc$ p]iod ( life4 ,x furni%$ too1 a no less conv9c+ pro( ( 8 p[] ( imitat+ ! /yle ( o!r times & nations1 ?an 8 celebrat$ p>able aga9/ p]secution4 ,& z ! latt] l$ _m p]sons to se>* ! scriptures ) a view to f9d1 x1 s ! =m] caus$ _m p]sons to se>* ! book-/ores & libr>ies1 = ! "w f :i* x 0 said to be extract$4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ,april foll[+1 he 0 attack$ ) a fev] & compla9t ( 8 brea/1 :i* t]m9at$ 8 exi/5ce4 ,! foll[+ acc\nt ( 8 la/ illness 0 writt5 by 8 fri5d & physician1 ,dr4 ,jones4 ,! /one1 ) :i* he _h be5 afflict$ = sev]al ye>s1 _h = ! la/ twelve mon?s conf9$ him *iefly to 8 b$2 & dur+ ! extremely pa9ful p>oxysms1 he 0 oblig$ to take l>ge doses ( laudanum to mitigate 8 tortures--/ill1 9 ! int]vals ( pa91 he n only amus$ himself ) read+ & conv]s+ *e]fully ) 8 family1 & a few fri5ds :o visit$ him1 b 0 (t5 employ$ 9 do+ bus9ess ( a public z well z private nature1 ) v>i\s p]sons :o wait$ on him = t purpose2 & 9 e in/ance display$1 n only t read9ess & disposition ( do+ good1 :i* 0 ! di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ic ( 8 life1 b ! fulle/ & cle>e/ possession ( 8 uncommon m5tal abilities2 & n unfrequ5tly indulg$ himself 9 ^? jeux d'esprit & ent]ta9+ anecdotes1 :i* 7 ! delight ( all :o he>d him4 ,ab\t sixte5 days be=e 8 dea?1 he 0 seiz$ ) a fev]i% indisposition1 )\t any p>ticul> symptoms att5d+ x1 till ! ?ird or f\r? day1 :5 he compla9$ ( a pa9 9 ! left brea/1 :i* increas$ till x became extremely acute1 att5d$ ) a c\gh & labori\s brea?+4 ,dur+ ?is /ate1 :5 ! sev]ity ( 8 pa9s sometimes drew =? a groan ( compla9t1 he w\ld obs]ve--t he 0 afraid he did n he> x z he ought--ackn[l$g$ 8 grateful s5se ( ! _m bless+s he _h receiv$ f ! ,supreme ,be+1 :o _h rais$ him f small & l[ beg9n+s to su* high rank & consid]ation among m5--& made no d\bt b 8 pres5t afflictions 7 k9dly int5d$ to wean him f a _w1 9 :i* he 0 no long] fit to act ! "p assign$ him4 ,9 ?is frame ( body & m9d he cont9u$ till five days be=e 8 dea?1 :5 8 pa9 & difficulty ( brea?+ entirely left him1 & 8 family 7 flatt]+ !mselves ) ! hopes ( 8 recov]y1 :5 an impo/humation1 :i* _h =m$ itself 9 8 lungs1 sudd5ly bur/ & dis*>g$ a great quantity ( matt]1 :i* he cont9u$ to ?r[ up :ile he _h suffici5t /r5g? to d x1 b1 z t fail$1 ! organs ( respiration became gradually oppress$--a calm le?>gic /ate succe$$--&1 on ! #ag? ( ,april1 #agij1 ab\t elev5 o'clock at night1 he quietly expir$1 clos+ a long & useful life ( eighty-f\r ye>s & ?ree mon?s4 ,x may n be amiss to add to ! above acc\nt1 t ,dr4 ,frankl91 9 ! ye> #agce1 _h a sev]e pleurisy1 :i* t]m9at$ 9 an abscess ( ! left lobe ( 8 lungs1 & he 0 !n almo/ suffocat$ ) ! quantity & sudd5ness ( ! dis*>ge4 ,a second attack ( a simil> nature happ5$ "s ye>s aft] ?is1 f :i* he soon recov]$1 & did n appe> to suff] any inconv5i5ce 9 8 respiration f ^! diseases4 ,! foll[+ epitaph on himself1 0 writt5 by him _m ye>s previ\s to 8 dea?3-- ,,! ,,body ,,( ,,b5jam9 ,,frankl91 ,,pr9t]4 7,,l ,,! ,,cov] ,,( ,,an ,,old ,,book1 ,,its ,,cont5ts ,,torn ,,out1 ,,& ,,/ript ,,( ,,its ,,lett]+ ,,& ,,gild+7 ,,lies ,,"h ,,food ,,= ,,worms2 ,,yet ,,! ,,"w ,,itself ,,%all ,,n ,,be ,,lo/1 ,,= ,,x ,,w 7,,z ,,he ,,believ$7 ,,appe> ,,once ,,m ,,9 ,a ,,new ,,& ,,m ,,beautiful ,,edition ,,correct$ ,,& ,,am5d$ ,,by ,,! ,,au?or4#ad ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,la/ ,,w ,,& ,,te/am5t ,,( ,,dr4 ,,frankl94 ,) reg>d to my books1 ^? ,i _h 9 ,france1 & ^? ,i left 9 ,philadelphia1 be+ n[ assembl$ toge!r "h1 & a catalogue made ( !m1 x is my int5tion to dispose ( ! same z foll[s3 ,my ,hi/ory ( ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces1 9 sixty or sev5ty volumes qu>to1 ,i give to ! philosophical society ( ,philadelphia1 ( :i* ,i h ! hon\r to be presid5t4 ,my collection 9 folio ( ,les ,arts et les ,meti]s1 ,i give to ! ,am]ican philosophical society1 e/abli%$ 9 ,new ,engl&1 ( :i* ,i am a memb]4 ,my qu>to edition ( ! same1 ,arts et ,meti]s1 ,i give to ! libr>y company ( ,philadelphia4 ,su* & s _m ( my books z ,i %all m>k1 9 ! said catalogue1 ) ! "n ( my gr&son ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 ,ba*e1 ,i d h]eby give to him3 & su* & s _m ( my books1 z ,i %all m>k 9 ! said catalogue ) ! "n ( my gr&son ,william ,ba*e1 ,i d h]eby give to him3 & su* z %all be m>k$ ) ! "n ( ,jona?an ,williams1 ,i h]eby give to my c\s9 ( t "n4 ,! residue & rema9d] ( all my books1 manuscripts1 & pap]s1 ,i d give to my gr&son ,william ,temple ,frankl94 ,my %>e 9 ! libr>y company ( ,philadelphia ,i give to my gr&son ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 ,ba*e1 confid+ t he w p]mit 8 bro!rs & si/]s to %>e 9 ! use ( x4 ,i 0 born 9 ,bo/on1 ,new ,engl&1 & owe my fir/ in/ructions 9 lit]ature to ! free gramm>-s*ools e/abli%$ !re4 ,i !re=e give "o hundr$ p\nds /]l+ to my executors1 to be by !m1 ! survivors or survivor ( !m1 paid ov] to ! manag]s or directors ( ! free-s*ools 9 my native t[n ( ,bo/on1 to be by !m1 or ! p]son or p]sons :o %all h ! sup]9t5dance & managem5t ( ! said s*ools1 put out to int]e/1 & s cont9u$ at int]e/ = ev]2 :i* int]e/ annually %all be laid out 9 silv] m$als1 & giv5 z honor>y rew>ds annually by ! directors ( ! said free-s*ools1 = ! enc\ragem5t ( s*ol>%ip 9 ! said s*ools1 belong+ to ! said t[n1 9 su* mann] z to ! discretion ( ! select m5 ( ! said t[n %all seem meet4 ,out ( ! sal>y t may rema9 due to me1 z presid5t ( ! /ate1 ,i give ! sum ( two ?\s& p\nds to my executors1 to be by !m1 ! survivors or survivor ( !m1 paid ov] to su* p]son or p]sons z ! legislature ( ?is /ate1 by an act ( assembly1 %all appo9t to receive ! same1 9 tru/1 to be employ$ = mak+ ! ,s*uylkil navigable4 ,dur+ ! numb] ( ye>s ,i 0 9 bus9ess z a /ation]1 pr9t]1 & po/-ma/]1 a great _m small sums became due to me = books1 adv]tisem5ts1 po/age ( lett]s1 & o!r matt]s1 :i* 7 n collect$1 :51 9 #ageg1 ,i 0 s5t by ! assembly to ,engl& z _! ag5t--&1 by subsequ5t appo9tm5ts1 cont9u$ !re till #agge--:51 on my return1 ,i 0 imm$iately engag$ 9 ! affairs ( congress1 & s5t to ,france 9 #aggf1 :]e ,i rema9$ n9e ye>s1 n return+ till #aghe2 & ! said debts n be+ dem&$ 9 su* a l5g? ( "t1 are become 9 a mann] obsolete1 yet are nev]!less ju/ly due4--,^! z !y are /at$ 9 my great folio l$g]1 ,e1 ,i bequea? to ! contributors ( ! ,p5nsylvania hospital2 hop+ t ^? debtors1 & ! desc5dants ( su* z are deceas$1 :o n[1 z ,i f9d1 make "s difficulty ( satisfy+ su* antiquat$ dem&s z j debts1 may1 h[ev]1 be induc$ to pay or give !m z *>ity to t excell5t in/itution4 ,i am s5sible t mu* mu/ inevitably be lo/2 b ,i hope some?+ consid]able may be recov]$4 ,x is possible too1 t "s ( ! p>ties *>g$ may h exi/+ old unsettl$ acc\nts aga9/ me3 9 :i* case ! manag]s ( ! said hospital w all[ & d$uct ! am\nt1 or pay ! balance1 if !y f9d x aga9/ me4 ,i reque/ my fri5ds1 ,h5ry ,hill1 ,esq4 ,john ,jay1 ,esq4 ,francis ,hopk9son1 ,esq4 & ,mr4 ,edw>d ,duffield1 ( ,bonfield1 9 ,philadelphia c\nty1 to be ! executors ( ?is my la/ w & te/am5t1 & ,i h]eby nom9ate & appo9t !m = t purpose4 ,i w\ld h my body buri$ ) z little exp5ce or c]emony z may be4 ,,philadelphia1 ,july #ag1 #aggh4 ,,codicil4 ,i ,,b5jam9 ,,frankl91 9 ! =ego+ or annex$ la/ w & te/am5t1 hav+ fur!r consid]$ ! same1 d ?9k prop] to make & publi% ! foll[+ codicil1 9 addition !reto4 ,x hav+ long be5 a fix$ & political op9ion ( m9e1 t 9 a democratical /ate1 !re ought to be no (fices ( pr(it1 = ! reasons ,i _h giv5 9 an article ( my draw+ 9 our con/itution1 x 0 my int5tion1 :5 ,i accept$ ! (fice ( presid5t1 to devote ! appo9t$ sal>y to "s public use2 accord+ly ,i _h already1 be=e ,i made my la/ w 9 ,july la/1 giv5 l>ge sums ( x to colleges1 s*ools1 build+ ( *ur*es1 c42 & 9 t w ,i bequea!d two ?\s& p\nds m to ! /ate1 = ! purpose ( mak+ ! ,s*uylkil navigable2 b und]/&+ s9ce1 t su* a sum w d b little1 t[>ds accompli%+ su* a "w1 & t project is n likely to be und]tak5 = _m ye>s to come--& hav+ ent]ta9$ ano!r idea1 :i* ,i hope may be m ext5sively useful1 ,i d h]eby revoke & annul ! beque/1 & direct t ! c]tificates ,i h ( :at rema9s due to me ( t sal>y1 be sold t[>ds rais+ ! sum ( two ?\s& p\nds /]l+1 to be dispos$ ( z ,i am n[ ab\t to ord]4 ,x has be5 an op9ion1 t he :o receives an e/ate f 8 ance/ors1 is "u "s obligation to transmit ! same to po/]ity4 ,?is obligation lies n on me1 :o nev] inh]it$ a %ill+ f any ance/or or relation4 ,i %all1 h[ev]1 if x is n dim9i%$ by "s accid5t be=e my dea?1 leave a consid]able e/ate among my desc5dants & relations4 ,! above obs]vation is made m]ely z "s apology to my family1 = my mak+ beque/s t d n appe> to h any imm$iate relation to _! advantage4 ,i 0 born 9 ,bo/on1 ,new ,engl&1 & owe my fir/ in/ructions 9 lit]ature to ! free gramm> s*ools e/abli%$ !re4 ,i h1 !re=e1 consid]$ ^? s*ools 9 my w4 ,b ,i am also "u obligations to ! /ate ( ,massa*ussets1 = hav+1 unask$1 appo9t$ me =m]ly _! ag5t1 ) a h&some sal>y1 :i* cont9u$ "s ye>s2 & al?\gh ,i accid5tally lo/ 9 _! s]vice1 by transmitt+ gov]nor ,hut*9son's lett]s1 mu* m ?an ! am\nt ( :at !y gave me1 ,i d n ?9k t ought 9 ! lea/ to dim9i% my gratitude4 ,i h consid]$ t1 among artisans1 good appr5tices are mo/ likely to make good citiz5s1 & hav+ myself be5 br$ to a manual art1 pr9t+1 9 my native t[n1 & aft]w>ds assi/$ to set up my bus9ess 9 ,philadelphia by k9d loans ( money f two fri5ds !re1 :i* 0 ! f\ndation ( my =tune1 & ( all ! utility 9 life t may be ascrib$ to me--,i wi% to be useful ev5 aft] my dea?1 if possible1 9 =m+ & advanc+ o!r "y m51 t may be s]viceable to _! c\ntry 9 bo? ^! t[ns4 ,to ?is end ,i devote two ?\s& p\nds /]l+1 :i* ,i give1 "o ?\s& !re( to ! inhabitants ( ! t[n ( ,bo/on1 9 ,massa*ussets1 & ! o!r ?\s& to ! inhabitants ( ! city ( ,philadelphia1 9 tru/1 to & = ! uses1 int5ts1 & purposes1 h]e9 aft] m5tion$ & decl>$4 ,! said sum ( "o ?\s& p\nds /]l+1 if accept$ by ! inhabitants ( ! t[n ( ,bo/on1 %all be manag$ "u ! direction ( ! select m51 unit$ ) ! m9i/]s ( ! olde/ episcopalian1 congregational1 & presbyt]ian *ur*es 9 t t[n1 :o are to let out ! same at five p] c5t4 p] annum1 to su* "y m>ri$ artific]s1 "u ! age ( tw5ty-five ye>s1 z h s]v$ an appr5tice%ip 9 ! said t[n1 & fai?fully fulfill$ ! duties requir$ 9 _! ind5tures1 s z to obta9 a good moral "* f at lea/ two respectable citiz5s1 :o are will+ to become sureties 9 a bond1 ) ! applicants1 = ! re-paym5t ( ! money s l5t1 ) int]e/1 accord+ to ! t]ms h]e9aft] prescrib$2 all :i* bonds are to be tak5 = ,spani% mill$ doll>s1 or ! value !re( 9 curr5t gold co93 & ! manag] %all keep a b\nd book1 or books1 :]e9 %all be ent]$ ! names ( ^? :o %all apply =1 & receive ! b5efit ( ?is in/itution1 & ( _! sureties1 toge!r ) ! sums l5t1 ! dates1 & o!r necess>y & prop] records1 respect+ ! bus9ess & conc]ns ( ?is in/itution3 & z ^! loans are int5d$ to assi/ "y m>ri$ artific]s1 9 sett+ up _! bus9ess1 !y are to be proportion$ by ! discretion ( ! manag]s1 s z n to exce$ sixty p\nds /]l+ to "o p]son1 nor to be less ?an fifte5 p\nds4 ,& if ! numb] ( appli]s s entitl$ %\ld be s l>ge z t ! sum w n suffice to af=d to ea* z mu* z might o!rwise n be improp]1 ! proportion to ea* %all be dim9i%$1 s z to af=d to e "o "s assi/ance4 ,^! aids may1 !re=e1 be small at fir/1 b z ! capital increases by ! accumulat$ int]e/1 !y w be m ample4 ,& 9 ord] to s]ve z _m z possible 9 _! turn1 z well z to make ! re-paym5t ( ! pr9cipal borr[$ m easy1 ea* borr[] %all be oblig$ to pay ) ! ye>ly int]e/1 "o t5? "p ( ! pr9cipal2 :i* sums ( pr9cipal & int]e/ s paid 91 %all be aga9 let out to fre% borr[]s4 ,& x is presum$1 t !re w be always f\nd 9 ,bo/on virtu\s & b5evol5t citiz5s1 will+ to be/[ a "p ( _! "t 9 do+ good to ! ris+ g5]ation1 by sup]9t5d+ & manag+ ?is in/itution gratis2 x is hop$ t no "p ( ! money w at any "t lie dead1 or be div]t$ to o!r purposes1 b be cont9ually augm5t+ by ! int]e/1 9 :i* case1 !re may 9 "t be m ?an ! occasion 9 ,bo/on may require2 & !n "s may be sp>$ to ! neighb\r+ or o!r t[ns1 9 ! said /ate ( ,massa*usetts1 :i* may desire to h x1 su* t[ns engag+ to pay punctually ! int]e/1 & ! proportion ( ! pr9cipal annually to ! inhabitants ( ! t[n ( ,bo/on4 ,if ?is plan is execut$1 & succe$s1 z project$1 = "o hundr$ ye>s1 ! sum w !n be "o hundr$ & ?irty ?\s& p\nds1 ( :i* ,i w\ld h ! manag]s ( ! donation to ! t[n ( ,bo/on !n lay out1 at _! discretion1 "o hundr$ ?\s& p\nds 9 public works1 :i* may be judg$ ( mo/ g5]al utility to ! inhabitants2 su* z =tifications1 bridges1 aqu$ucts1 public build+s1 ba?s1 pavem5ts1 or :atev] may make liv+ 9 ! t[n m conv5i5t to its p1 & r5d] x m agreeable to /rang]s resort+ ?i!r = heal?1 or a tempor>y resid5ce4 ,! rema9+ ?irty-"o ?\s& p\nds ,i w\ld h cont9u$ to be let out to int]e/1 9 ! mann] above direct$1 = "o hundr$ ye>s2 z ,i hope x w h be5 f\nd t ! in/itution has _h a good effect on ! conduct ( y\?1 & be5 ( s]vice to _m wor?y *>act]s & useful citiz5s4 ,at ! end ( ?is second t]m1 if no un=tunate accid5t has prev5t$ ! op]ation1 ! sum w be f\r millions & sixty-"o ?\s& p\nds /]l+1 ( :i* ,i leave "o million & sixty-"o ?\s& p\nds to ! disposition & managem5t ( ! inhabitants ( ! t[n ( ,bo/on1 & ! ?ree millions to ! disposition ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! /ate--n presum+ to c>ry my views f>!r4 ,all ! directions h]e9 giv5 respect+ ! disposition & managem5t ( ! donation to ! inhabitants ( ,bo/on1 ,i w\ld h obs]v$ respect+ t to ! inhabitants ( ,philadelphia2 only1 z ,philadelphia is incorporat$1 ,i reque/ ! corporation ( t city to und]take ! managem5t1 agreeable to ! said directions3 & ,i d h]eby ve/ !m ) full & ample p[]s = t purpose4 ,& hav+ consid]$ t ! cov]+ its gr\nd-plat ) build+s & pavem5ts1 :i* c>ry (f mo/ ( ! ra91 & prev5t its soak+ into ! e>?1 & r5ew+ & purify+ ! spr+s1 :5ce ! wat] ( ! wells mu/ gradually gr[ worse1 & 9 "t be unfit = use1 z ,i f9d has happ5$ 9 all old cities2 ,i recomm5d1 t1 at ! end ( ! fir/ hundr$ ye>s1 if n done be=e1 ! corporation ( ! city employ a "p ( ! hundr$ ?\s& p\nds 9 br++ by pipes ! wat] ( ,wissahickon-creek into ! t[n1 s z to supply ! inhabitants1 :i* ,i appreh5d may be done )\t great difficulty1 ! level ( t creek be+ mu* above t ( ! city1 & may be made high] by a dam4 ,i also recomm5d mak+ ! ,s*uylkil completely navigable4 ,at ! end ( ! second hundr$ ye>s1 ,i w\ld h ! disposition ( ! f\r millions & sixty-"o ?\s& p\nds divid$ betwe5 ! inhabitants ( ! city ( ,philadelphia & ! gov]nm5t ( ,p5nsylvania1 9 ! same mann] z h]e9 direct$ ) respect to t ( ! inhabitants ( ,bo/on & ! gov]nm5t ( ,massa*usetts4 ,x is my desire t ?is in/itution %\ld take place1 & beg9 to op]ate )9 "o ye> aft] my decease1 = :i* purpose due notice %\ld be publicly giv51 previ\s to ! expiration ( t ye>1 t ^? = ^: b5efit ?is e/abli%m5t is int5d$ may make _! respective applications3 & ,i h]eby direct my executors1 ! survivor or survivors ( !m1 )9 six mon?s aft] my decease1 to pay ov] ! said sum ( two ?\s& p\nds /]l+ to su* p]sons z %all be duly appo9t$ by ! select m5 ( ,bo/on1 & ! corporation ( ,philadelphia1 to receive & take *>ge ( _! respective sums ( "o ?\s& p\nds ea*1 = ! purposes a=esaid4 ,consid]+ ! accid5ts to :i* all human affairs & projects are subject 9 su* a l5g? ( "t1 ,i h1 p]haps1 too mu* flatt]$ myself ) a va9 fancy1 t ^! dispositions1 if c>ri$ into execution1 w be cont9u$ )\t int]ruption1 & h ! effects propos$3 ,i hope1 h[ev]1 t if ! inhabitants ( ! two cities %\ld n ?9k fit to und]take ! execution1 !y w at lea/ accept ! (f] ( ^! donations1 z a m>k ( my good w1 tok5 ( my gratitude1 & te/imony ( my desire to be useful to !m ev5 aft] my dep>ture4 ,i wi%1 inde$1 t !y may bo? und]take to endeav\r ! execution ( my project1 because ,i ?9k1 t1 ?\gh un=ese5 difficulties may arise1 exp$i5ts w be f\nd to remove !m1 & ! s*eme be f\nd practicable4 ,if "o ( !m accepts ! money ) ! conditions1 & ! o!r refuses1 my w !n is1 t bo? sums be giv5 to ! inhabitants ( ! city accept+2 ! :ole to be appli$ to ! same purposes1 & "u ! same regulations direct$ = ! sep>ate p>ts2 &1 if bo? refuse1 ! money rema9s ( c\rse 9 ! mass ( my e/ate1 & x is to be dispos$ ( !re)1 accord+ to my w made ! sev5te5? day ( ,july1 #aghh4 ,my f9e crab-tree walk+-/ick1 ) a gold head curi\sly wr\ght 9 ! =m ( ! cap ( ,lib]ty1 ,i give to my fri5d1 & ! fri5d ( mank9d1 ,g5]al ,wa%+ton4 ,if x 0 a sceptre1 he has m]it$ x1 & w\ld become x4 ,,footnote3 #ad ,?is epitaph fir/ appe>$ 9 a ,bo/on news-pap] e/abli%$ & pr9t$ by ,dr4 ,frankl94 ,e4 ,,lett]s ,,& ,,pap]s ,,on ,,electricity4 ,x may n be improp] to pres5t ! read] ) ! foll[+ extract f ! preface to ! fir/ edition ( ,dr4 ,frankl9's pap]s on electricity1 :i*1 z we h /at$ 9 ! adv]tisem5t1 =m$ a pamphlet only4 ,! foll[+ obs]vations & exp]im5ts 7 n drawn up ) a view to _! be+ made public1 b 7 communicat$ at diff]5t times1 & mo/ ( !m 9 lett]s1 writt5 on v>i\s topics1 z matt]s only ( private amusem5t4 ,b "s p]sons1 to :om !y 7 read1 & :o _h !mselves be5 conv]sant 9 electrical disquisitions1 7 ( op9ion1 !y conta9$ s _m curi\s & int]e/+ p>ticul>s relative to ?is affair1 t x w\ld be do+ a k9d ( inju/ice to ! public1 to conf9e !m solely to ! limits ( a private acqua9tance4 ,! editor 0 !re=e prevail$ ^u to commit su* extracts ( lett]s & o!r deta*$ pieces z 7 9 8 h&s to ! press1 )\t wait+ = ! +5i\s au?or's p]mission s to d2 & ?is 0 done ) ! less hesitation1 z x 0 appreh5d$ ! au?or's engagem5ts 9 o!r affairs w\ld sc>ce af=d him leisure to give ! public 8 reflections & exp]im5ts on ! subject1 f9i%$ ) t c>e & precision1 ( :i* ! treatise be=e u %[s he is alike /udi\s & capable4 ,) respect to ! g5]al m]it & orig9ality ( ! exp]im5ts & hypo!sis ( ,dr4 ,frankl91 z describ$ & expla9$ 9 ^! lett]s1 ! foll[+ is ! te/imony ( "o ( ! fir/ natural philosoph]s ( 8 age--! late ,dr4 ,prie/ly1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,electricity4 ,no?+ 0 ev] writt5 ^u ! subject ( electricity :i* 0 m g5]ally read & admir$ 9 all p>ts ( ,europe ?an ^! lett]s4 ,!re is h>dly any ,european language into :i* !y h n be5 translat$2 &1 z if ?is 7 n suffici5t to make !m prop]ly kn[n1 a translation ( !m has lately be5 made into ,lat94 ,x is n easy to say1 :e!r we are mo/ pleas$ ) ! simplicity & p]spicuity ) :i* ^! lett]s are writt51 ! mode/y ) :i* ! au?or proposes e hypo!sis ( 8 own1 or ! noble frankness ) :i* he relates 8 mi/akes1 :5 !y 7 correct$ by subsequ5t exp]im5ts4 ,?\gh ! ,engli% h n be5 backw>d 9 ackn[l$g+ ! great m]it ( ?is philosoph]1 he has _h ! s+ul> good =tune to be1 p]haps1 ev5 m celebrat$ abroad ?an at home2 s t1 to =m a j idea ( ! great & des]v$ reputation ( ,dr4 ,frankl91 we mu/ read ! =eign publications on ! subject ( electricity2 9 _m ( :i* ! t]ms ,frankl9ism1 ,frankl9i/1 & ! ,frankl9ian sy/em1 occur 9 almo/ e page4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is1 ,dr4 ,frankl9's pr9ciples bid fair to be h&$ d[n to po/]ity z equally expressive ( ! true pr9ciples ( electricity1 z ! ,newtonian philosophy is ( ! true sy/em ( nature 9 g5]al4 ,,lett]s ,,& ,,pap]s ,,on ,,philosophical ,,subjects4 ,,electricity4 ,,to ,,pet] ,,coll9son1 ,,esq4 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 ,,london4 ,,introductory ,,lett]4 ,philadelphia1 ,m>* #bh1 #agdg4 ,,sir1 ,y\r k9d pres5t ( an electric tube1 ) directions = us+ x1 has put sev]al ( u#ae on mak+ electrical exp]im5ts1 9 :i* we h obs]v$ "s p>ticul> ph5om5a t we look ^u to be new4 ,i %all !re=e communicate !m to y 9 my next1 ?\gh possibly !y may n be new to y1 z among ! numb]s daily employ$ 9 ^? exp]im5ts on y\r side ! wat]1 x is probable "s "o or o!r has hit on ! same obs]vations4 ,= my own "p1 ,i nev] 0 be=e engag$ 9 any /udy t s totally engross$ my att5tion & my "t z ?is has lately done2 = :at ) mak+ exp]im5ts :5 ,i c be alone1 & repeat+ !m to my fri5ds & acqua9tance1 :o1 f ! novelty ( ! ?+1 come cont9ually 9 cr[ds to see !m1 ,i h1 dur+ "s mon?s pa/1 _h little leisure = any ?+ else4 ,i am1 c4 ,b4 ,,frankl94 ,,footnotes3 #ae i4 e4 ( ! ,libr>y-,company1 an in/itution ( ! au?or's1 f\nd$ #agcj4 ,to :i* company ! pres5t 0 made#af4 #af ,:]e notes occur )\t a signature1 9 ! ,philosophical1 or o!r ,pap]s1 !y are g5]ally notes ( ! au?or4--,,editor4 ,,to ,,pet] ,,coll9son1 ,,esq4 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 ,,london4 ,wond]ful ,effect ( ,po9ts4--,positive & negative ,electricity4--,electrical ,kiss4--,c\nt]feit ,spid]4--,simple & commodi\s electrical ,ma*9e4 ,philadelphia1 ,july #aa1 #agdg4 ,,sir1 ,9 my la/ ,i in=m$ y t1 9 pursu+ our electrical enquiries1 we _h obs]v$ "s p>ticul> ph5om5a1 :i* we look$ ^u to be new1 & ( :i* ,i promis$ to give y "s acc\nt1 ?\gh ,i appreh5d$ !y might n possibly be new to y1 z s _m h&s are daily employ$ 9 electrical exp]im5ts on y\r side ! wat]1 "s or o!r ( :i* w\ld probably hit on ! same obs]vations4 ,! fir/ is ! wond]ful effect ( po9t$ bodies1 bo? 9 draw+ (f & ?r[+ (f ! electrical fire4 ,= example1 ,place an iron %ot ( ?ree or f\r in*es diamet] on ! m\? ( a clean dry glass bottle4 ,by a f9e silk5 ?read f ! ciel+1 "r ov] ! m\? ( ! bottle1 susp5d a small cork-ball1 ab\t ! bigness ( a m>ble2 ! ?read ( su* a l5g?1 z t ! cork-ball may re/ aga9/ ! side ( ! %ot4 ,electrify ! %ot1 & ! ball w be repell$ to ! di/ance ( f\r or five in*es1 m or less1 accord+ to ! quantity ( electricity4--,:5 9 ?is /ate1 if y pres5t to ! %ot ! po9t ( a long1 sl5d]1 %>p bodk91 at six or eight in*es di/ance1 ! repell5cy is in/antly de/roy$1 & ! cork flies to ! %ot4 ,a blunt body mu/ be br\ght )9 an in*1 & draw a sp>k to produce ! same effect4 ,to prove t ! electrical fire is drawn (f by ! po9t1 if y take ! blade ( ! bodk9 out ( ! wood5 h&le1 & fix x 9 a /ick ( seal+-wax1 & !n pres5t x at ! di/ance a=esaid1 or if y br+ x v ne>1 no su* effect foll[s2 b slid+ "o f+] along ! wax till y t\* ! blade1 & ! ball flies to ! %ot imm$iately4--,if y pres5t ! po9t 9 ! d>k1 y w see1 sometimes at a foot di/ance & m1 a light ga!r ^u x1 l t ( a fire-fly1 or gl[-worm2 ! less %>p ! po9t1 ! ne>] y mu/ br+ x to obs]ve ! light2 & at :atev] di/ance y see ! light1 y may draw (f ! electrical fire1 & de/roy ! repell5cy4--,if a cork-ball s susp5d$ be repell$ by ! tube1 & a po9t be pres5t$ quick to x1 ?\gh at a consid]able di/ance1 x is surpris+ to see h[ sudd5ly x flies back to ! tube4 ,po9ts ( wood w d ne> z well z ^? ( iron1 provid$ ! wood is n dry2 = p]fectly dry wood w no m conduct electricity ?an seal+-wax4 ,to %ew t po9ts w ?r[ (f#ag z well z draw (f ! electrical fire2 lay a long %>p ne$le ^u ! %ot1 & y _c electrise ! %ot s z to make x repel ! cork-ball4--,or fix a ne$le to ! end ( a susp5d$ gun-b>rel1 or iron-rod1 s z to po9t beyond x l a little bayonet#ah2 & :ile x rema9s !re1 ! gun-b>rel1 or rod1 _c by apply+ ! tube to ! o!r end be electris$ s z to give a sp>k1 ! fire cont9ually runn+ out sil5tly at ! po9t4 ,9 ! d>k y may see x make ! same appe>ance z x does 9 ! case be=e-m5tion$4 ,! repell5cy betwe5 ! cork-ball & ! %ot is likewise de/roy$4 #a4 ,by sift+ f9e s& on x2 ?is does x gradually4 #b4 ,by brea?+ on x4 #c4 ,by mak+ a smoke ab\t x f burn+ wood#ai4 #d4 ,by c&le-light1 ev5 ?\gh ! c&le is at a foot di/ance3 ^! d x sudd5ly4--,! light ( a bright coal f a wood fire2 & ! light ( a r$-hot iron d x likewise2 b n at s great a di/ance4 ,smoke f dry ros9 dropt on hot iron1 does n de/roy ! repell5cy2 b is attract$ by bo? %ot & cork-ball1 =m+ proportionable atmosph]es r\nd !m1 mak+ !m look beautifully1 some:at l "s ( ! figures 9 ,burnet's or ,:i/on's ,!ory ( ! ,e>?4 ,n4,b4 ,?is exp]im5t %\ld be made 9 a closet1 :]e ! air is v /ill1 or x w be apt to fail4 ,! light ( ! sun ?r[n /rongly on bo? cork & %ot by a look+-glass = a long "t toge!r1 does n impair ! repell5cy 9 ! lea/4 ,?is diff]5ce betwe5 fire-light & sun-light is ano!r ?+ t seems new & extraord9>y to u#bj4 ,we _h = "s "t be5 ( op9ion1 t ! electrical fire 0 n creat$ by friction1 b collect$1 be+ really an elem5t diffus$ among1 & attract$ by o!r matt]1 p>ticul>ly by wat] & metals4 ,we _h ev5 discov]$ & demon/rat$ its afflux to ! electrical sph]e1 z well z its efflux1 by means ( little light w9dmill-:eels made ( /iff pap] vanes1 fix$ obliquely1 & turn+ freely on f9e wire axes4 ,also by little :eels ( ! same matt]1 b =m$ l wat]-:eels4 ,( ! disposition & application ( :i* :eels1 & ! v>i\s ph5om5a result+1 ,i c\ld1 if ,i _h "t1 fill y a %eet#ba4 ,! impossibility ( electris+ "o's self 7?\gh /&+ on wax7 by rubb+ ! tube1 & draw+ ! fire f x2 & ! mann] ( do+ x1 by pass+ ! tube ne> a p]son or ?+ /&+ on ! floor1 c4 _h also occurr$ to u "s mon?s be=e ,mr4 ,watson's +5i\s ,sequel came to h&1 & ^! 7 "s ( ! new ?+s ,i int5d$ to h communicat$ to y4--,b n[ ,i ne$ only m5tion "s p>ticul>s n h9t$ 9 t piece1 ) our reason+s !reupon3 ?\gh p]haps ! latt] might well en\gh be sp>$4 #a4 ,a p]son /&+ on wax1 & rubb+ ! tube1 & ano!r p]son on wax draw+ ! fire1 !y w bo? ( !m 7provid$ !y d n /& s z to t\* "o ano!r7 appe> to be electris$1 to a p]son /&+ on ! floor2 t is1 he w p]ceive a sp>k on approa*+ ea* ( !m ) 8 knuckle4 #b4 ,b if ! p]sons on wax t\* "o ano!r dur+ ! excit+ ( ! tube1 nei!r ( !m w appe> to be electris$4 #c4 ,if !y t\* "o ano!r aft] excit+ ! tube1 & draw+ ! fire z a=esaid1 !re w be a /rong] sp>k betwe5 !m ?an 0 betwe5 ei!r ( !m & ! p]son on ! floor4 #d4 ,aft] su* /rong sp>k1 nei!r ( !m discov] any electricity4 ,^! appe>ances we attempt to acc\nt = ?us3 ,we suppose1 z a=esaid1 t electrical fire is a common elem5t1 ( :i* e "o ( ! ?ree p]sons abovem5tion$ has 8 equal %>e1 be=e any op]ation is begun ) ! tube4 ,a1 :o /&s on wax & rubs ! tube1 collects ! electrical fire f himself into ! glass2 & 8 communication ) ! common /ock be+ cut (f by ! wax1 8 body is n aga9 imm$iately suppli$4 ,b17:o /&s on wax likewise7 pass+ 8 knuckle along ne> ! tube1 receives ! fire :i* 0 collect$ by ! glass f ,a2 & 8 communication ) ! common /ock be+ likewise cut (f1 he reta9s ! additional quantity receiv$4--,to ,c1 /&+ on ! floor1 bo? appe> to be electris$3 = he hav+ only ! middle quantity ( electrical fire1 receives a sp>k ^u approa*+ ,b1 :o has an ov] quantity2 b gives "o to ,a1 :o has an "u quantity4 ,if ,a & ,b approa* to t\* ea* o!r1 ! sp>k is /rong]1 because ! diff]5ce betwe5 !m is great]3 ,aft] su* t\* !re is no sp>k betwe5 ei!r ( !m & ,c1 because ! electrical fire 9 all is r$uc$ to ! orig9al equality4 ,if !y t\* :ile electris+1 ! equality is nev] de/roy$1 ! fire only circulat+4 ,h5ce h aris5 "s new t]ms among u2 we say ,b1 7& bodies l circum/anc$7 is electris$ positively2 ,a1 negatively4 ,or r1 ,b is electris$ plus2 ,a1 m9us4 ,& we daily 9 our exp]im5ts electrise bodies plus or m9us1 z we ?9k prop]4--,to electrise plus or m9us1 no m ne$s to be kn[n ?an ?is1 t ! p>ts ( ! tube or sph]e t are rubb$1 d1 9 ! in/ant ( ! friction1 attract ! electrical fire1 & !re=e take x f ! ?+ rubb+3 ! same p>ts imm$iately1 z ! friction ^u !m ceases1 are dispos$ to give ! fire !y h receiv$1 to any body t has less4 ,?us y may circulate x1 z ,mr4 ,watson has %ewn2 y may also accumulate or subtract x1 ^u1 or f any body1 z y connect t body ) ! rubb] or ) ! receiv]1 ! communication ) ! common /ock be+ cut (f4 ,we ?9k t +5i\s g5tleman 0 deceiv$ :5 he imag9$ 79 8 ,sequel7 t ! electrical fire came d[n ! wire f ! ciel+ to ! gun-b>rel1 !nce to ! sph]e1 & s electris$ ! ma*9e & ! man turn+ ! :eel1 c4 ,we suppose x 0 driv5 (f1 & n br\ght on ?r\gh t wire2 & t ! ma*9e & man1 c4 7 electris$ m9us2 i4 e4 _h less electrical fire 9 !m ?an ?+s 9 common4 ,z ! vessel is j ^u sail+1 ,i _c give y s l>ge an acc\nt ( ,am]ican electricity z ,i int5d$3 ,i %all only m5tion a few p>ticul>s m4--,we f9d granulat$ lead bett] to fill ! phial )1 ?an wat]1 be+ easily w>m$1 & keep+ w>m & dry 9 damp air4--,we fire spirits ) ! wire ( ! phial4--,we light c&les1 j bl[n out1 by draw+ a sp>k among ! smoke betwe5 ! wire & snuff]s4--,we repres5t lightn+1 by pass+ ! wire 9 ! d>k1 ov] a *9a plate t has gilt fl[]s1 or apply+ x to gilt frames ( look+-glasses1 c4--,we electrise a p]son tw5ty or m times runn+1 ) a t\* ( ! f+] on ! wire1 ?us3 ,he /&s on wax4 ,give him ! electris$ bottle 9 8 h&4 ,t\* ! wire ) y\r f+]1 & !n t\* 8 h& or face2 !re are sp>ks e "t#bb4--,we encrease ! =ce ( ! electrical kiss va/ly1 ?us3 ,let ,a & ,b /& on wax2 or ,a on wax1 & ,b on ! floor2 give "o ( !m ! electris$ phial 9 h&2 let ! o!r take hold ( ! wire2 !re w be a small sp>k2 b :5 _! lips approa*1 !y w be /ruck & %ock'd4 ,! same if ano!r g5tleman & lady1 ,c & ,d1 /&+ also on wax1 & jo9+ h&s ) ,a & ,b1 salute or %ake h&s4 ,we susp5d by f9e silk ?read a c\nt]feit spid]1 made ( a small piece ( burnt cork1 ) legs ( l9n5 ?read1 & a gra9 or two ( lead /uck 9 him1 to give him m weight4 ,^u ! table1 ov] :i* he hangs1 we /ick a wire upright1 z high z ! phial & wire1 f\r or five in*es f ! spid]3 !n we animate him1 by sett+ ! electrifi$ phial at ! same di/ance on ! o!r side ( him2 he w imm$iately fly to ! wire ( ! phial1 b5d 8 legs 9 t\*+ x1 !n spr+ (f1 & fly to ! wire 9 ! table1 !nce aga9 to ! wire ( ! phial1 play+ ) 8 legs aga9/ bo?1 9 a v ent]ta9+ mann]1 appe>+ p]fectly alive to p]sons unacqua9t$4 ,he w cont9ue ?is motion an h\r or m 9 dry wea!r4--,we electrify1 ^u wax 9 ! d>k1 a book t has a d\ble l9e ( gold r\nd ^u ! cov]s1 & !n apply a knuckle to ! gild+2 ! fire appe>s e :]e ^u ! gold l a fla% ( lightn+3 n ^u ! lea!r1 nor1 if y t\* ! lea!r in/ead ( ! gold4 ,we rub our tubes ) bucksk91 & obs]ve always to keep ! same side to ! tube1 & nev] to sully ! tube by h&l+2 ?us !y "w readily & easily1 )\t ! lea/ fatigue1 especially if kept 9 tight pa/ebo>d cases1 l9$ ) flannel1 & sitt+ close to ! tube#bc4 ,?is ,i m5tion1 because ! ,european pap]s on electricity frequ5tly speak ( rubb+ ! tube z a fatigu+ ex]cise4 ,our sph]es are fix$ on iron axes1 :i* pass ?r\gh !m4 ,at "o end ( ! axis !re is a small h&le1 ) :i* y turn ! sph]e l a common gr9d-/one4 ,?is we f9d v commodi\s1 z ! ma*9e takes up b little room1 is portable1 & may be enclos$ 9 a tight box1 :5 n 9 use4 ,x is true1 ! sph]e does n turn s swift z :5 ! great :eel is us$3 b swiftness we ?9k ( little importance1 s9ce a few turns w *>ge ! phial1 c4 suffici5tly#bd4 ,i am1 c4 ,b4 ,,frankl94 ,,footnotes3 #ag ,?is p[] ( po9ts to ?r[ (f ! electrical fire1 0 fir/ communicat$ to me by my +5i\s fri5d ,mr4 ,?omas ,hopk9son1 s9ce deceas$1 ^: virtue & integrity1 9 e /ation ( life1 public & private1 w ev] make 8 memory de> to ^? :o knew him1 & knew h[ to value him4 #ah ,?is 0 ,mr4 ,hopk9son's exp]im5t1 made ) an expectation ( draw+ a m %>p & p[]ful sp>k f ! po9t1 z f a k9d ( focus1 & he 0 surpris$ to f9d little or none4 #ai ,we suppose e p>ticle ( s&1 moi/ure1 or smoke1 be+ fir/ attract$ & !n repell$1 c>ries (f ) x a portion ( ! electrical fire2 b t ! same /ill subsi/s 9 ^? p>ticles1 till !y communicate x to some?+ else1 & t x is nev] really de/roy$4 ,s :5 wat] is ?r[n on common fire1 we d n imag9e ! elem5t is !reby de/roy$ or annihilat$1 b only disp]s$1 ea* p>ticle ( wat] c>ry+ (f 9 vap\r its portion ( ! fire1 :i* x _h attract$ & atta*$ to itself4 #bj ,?is diff]5t effect probably did n arise f any diff]5ce 9 ! light1 b r f ! p>ticles sep>at$ f ! c&le1 be+ fir/ attract$ & !n repell$1 c>ry+ (f ! electric matt] ) !m2 & f ! r>efy+ ! air1 betwe5 ! gl[+ coal or r$-hot iron1 & ! electris$ %ot1 ?r\gh :i* r>efi$ air ! electric fluid c\ld m readily pass4 #ba ,^! exp]im5ts ) ! :eels1 7 made & communicat$ to me by my wor?y & +5i\s fri5d ,mr4 ,philip ,syng2 b we aft]w>ds discov]$ t ! motion ( ^? :eels 0 n ow+ to any afflux or efflux ( ! electric fluid1 b to v>i\s circum/ances ( attraction & repulsion4 #agej4 #bb ,by tak+ a sp>k f ! wire1 ! electricity )9 ! bottle is dim9i%$2 ! outside ( ! bottle !n draws "s f ! p]son hold+ x1 & leaves him 9 ! negative /ate4 ,!n :5 8 h& or face is t\*$1 an equal quantity is re/or$ to him f ! p]son t\*+4 #bc ,our tubes are made "h ( gre5 glass1 #bg or #cj in*es long1 z big z c be grasp$4 #bd ,?is simple easily-made ma*9e 0 a contrivance ( ,mr4 ,syng's4 ,,to ,,pet] ,,coll9son1 ,,esq4 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 ,,london4 ,obs]vations on ! ,leyd5 ,bottle1 ) ,exp]im5ts prov+ ! diff]5t electrical ,/ate ( its diff]5t ,surfaces4 ,philadelphia1 ,sept4 #a1 #agdg4 ,,sir1 ,! necess>y tr\ble ( copy+ long lett]s1 :i*1 p]haps1 :5 !y come to y\r h&s1 may conta9 no?+ new1 or wor? y\r read+1 7s quick is ! progress made ) y 9 electricity7 half disc\rages me f writ+ any m on t subject4 ,yet ,i _c =be> add+ a few obs]vations on ,m4 ,mus*5broek's wond]ful bottle4 #a4 ,! non-electric conta9$ 9 ! bottle diff]s1 :5 electris$1 f a non-electric electris$ out ( ! bottle1 9 ?is3 t ! electrical fire ( ! latt] is accumulat$ on its surface1 & =ms an electrical atmosph]e r\nd x ( consid]able ext5t2 b ! electrical fire is cr[d$ into ! sub/ance ( ! =m]1 ! glass conf9+ x#be4 #b4 ,at ! same "t t ! wire & ! top ( ! bottle1 c4 is electris$ positively or plus1 ! bottom ( ! bottle is electris$ negatively or m9us1 9 exact proportion3 i4 e4 :atev] quantity ( electrical fire is ?r[n 9 at ! top1 an equal quantity goes out ( ! bottom#bf4 ,to und]/& ?is1 suppose ! common quantity ( electricity 9 ea* "p ( ! bottle1 be=e ! op]ation beg9s1 is equal to #bj2 & at e /roke ( ! tube1 suppose a quantity equal to #a is ?r[n 92 !n1 aft] ! fir/ /roke1 ! quantity conta9$ 9 ! wire & upp] "p ( ! bottle w be #ba1 9 ! bottom #ai4 ,aft] ! second1 ! upp] "p w h #bb1 ! l[] #ah1 & s on1 till1 aft] #bj /rokes1 ! upp] "p w h a quantity ( electrical fire equal to #dj1 ! l[] "p none3 & !n ! op]ation ends3 = no m c be ?r[n into ! upp] "p1 :5 no m c be driv5 out ( ! l[] "p4 ,if y attempt to ?r[ m 91 x is spew$ back ?r\gh ! wire1 or flies out 9 l\d cracks ?r\gh ! sides ( ! bottle4 #c4 ,! equilibrium _c be re/or$ 9 ! bottle by inw>d communication or contact ( ! p>ts2 b x mu/ be done by a communication =m$ )\t ! bottle1 betwe5 ! top & bottom1 by "s non-electric1 t\*+ or approa*+ bo? at ! same "t2 9 :i* case x is re/or$ ) a viol5ce & quickness inexpressible2 or1 t\*+ ea* alt]nately1 9 :i* case ! equilibrium is re/or$ by degrees4 #d4 ,z no m electrical fire c be ?r[n into ! top ( ! bottle1 :5 all is driv5 out ( ! bottom1 s 9 a bottle n yet electris$1 none c be ?r[n into ! top1 :5 none c get out at ! bottom2 :i* happ5s ei!r :5 ! bottom is too ?ick1 or :5 ! bottle is plac$ on an electric p] se4 ,aga91 :5 ! bottle is electris$1 b little ( ! electrical fire c be drawn out f ! top1 by t\*+ ! wire1 unless an equal quantity c at ! same "t get 9 at ! bottom#bg4 ,?us1 place an electris$ bottle on clean glass or dry wax1 & y w n1 by t\*+ ! wire1 get out ! fire f ! top4 ,place x on a non-electric1 & t\* ! wire1 y w get x out 9 a %ort "t2 b soone/ :5 y =m a direct communication z above4 ,s wond]fully are ^! two /ates ( electricity1 ! plus & m9us1 comb9$ & balanc$ 9 ?is miracul\s bottle6 situat$ & relat$ to ea* o!r 9 a mann] t ,i c by no means compreh5d6 ,if x 7 possible t a bottle %\ld 9 "o "p conta9 a quantity ( air /rongly compre/1 & 9 ano!r "p a p]fect vacuum1 we "k ! equilibrium w\ld be in/antly re/or$ )94 ,b "h we h a bottle conta9+ at ! same "t a pl5um ( electrical fire1 & a vacuum ( ! same fire2 & yet ! equilibrium _c be re/or$ betwe5 !m b by a communication )\t6 ?\gh ! pl5um presses viol5tly to exp&1 & ! hungry vacuum seems to attract z viol5tly 9 ord] to be fill$4 #e4 ,! %ock to ! n]ves 7or convulsion r7 is occasion$ by ! sudd5 pass+ ( ! fire ?r\gh ! body 9 its way f ! top to ! bottom ( ! bottle4 ,! fire takes ! %orte/#bh c\rse1 z ,mr4 ,watson ju/ly obs]ves3 ,b x does n appe> f exp]im5t t 9 ord] = a p]son to be %ock$1 a communication ) ! floor is necess>y3 = he t holds ! bottle ) "o h&1 & t\*es ! wire ) ! o!r1 w be %ock$ z mu*1 ?\gh 8 %oes be dry1 or ev5 /&+ on wax1 z o!rwise4 ,& on ! t\* ( ! wire1 7or ( ! gun-b>rel1 :i* is ! same ?+7 ! fire does n proce$ f ! t\*+ f+] to ! wire1 z is suppos$1 b f ! wire to ! f+]1 & passes ?r\gh ! body to ! o!r h&1 & s into ! bottom ( ! bottle4 ,exp]im5ts confirm+ ! above4 ,,exp]im5t ,i4 ,place an electris$ phial on wax2 a small cork-ball susp5d$ by a dry silk ?read held 9 y\r h&1 & br\ght ne> to ! wire1 w fir/ be attract$1 & !n repell$3 :5 9 ?is /ate ( repell5cy1 s9k y\r h&1 t ! ball may be br\ght t[>ds ! bottom ( ! bottle2 x w be !re in/antly & /rongly attract$1 till x has p>t$ ) its fire4 ,if ! bottle _h a positive electrical atmosph]e1 z well z ! wire1 an electrifi$ cork w\ld be repell$ f "o z well z f ! o!r4 ,illu/ration3 7( ! exp]im5ts bel[7 ,plate ,i4 ,vol4 ,i4 page #ahb4 ,publi%$ z ! ,act directs1 ,april #a1 #ahjf1 by ,longman1 ,hur/1 ,rees ,orme1 ,pat]no/] ,r[4 ,,exp]im5t ,,ii4 ,,fig4 #a4 ,f a b5t wire 7a7 /ick+ 9 ! table1 let a small l95 ?read 7b7 hang d[n )9 half an in* ( ! electris$ phial 7c74 ,t\* ! wire or ! phial repeat$ly ) y\r f+]1 & at e t\* y w see ! ?read in/antly attract$ by ! bottle4 7,?is is be/ done by a v9eg> cruet1 or "s su* belli$-bottle74 ,z soon z y draw any fire out f ! upp] "p1 by t\*+ ! wire1 ! l[] "p ( ! bottle draws an equal quantity 9 by ! ?read4 ,,exp]im5t ,,iii4 ,,fig4 #b4 ,fix a wire 9 ! lead1 ) :i* ! bottom ( ! bottle is arm$ 7d7 s z t b5d+ upw>ds1 its r+-end may be level ) ! top or r+-end ( ! wire 9 ! cork 7e7 & at ?ree or f\r in*es di/ance4 ,!n electrise ! bottle1 & place x on wax4 ,if a cork susp5d$ by a silk ?read 7f7 hang betwe5 ^! two wires1 x w play incessantly f "o to ! o!r1 till ! bottle is no long] electris$2 t is1 x fet*es & c>ries fire f ! top to ! bottom#bi ( ! bottle1 till ! equilibrium is re/or$4 ,,exp]im5t ,,iv4 ,,fig4 #c4 ,place an electris$ phial on wax2 take a wire 7g7 9 =m ( a ,c1 ! ends at su* a di/ance :5 b5t1 z t ! upp] may t\* ! wire ( ! bottle1 :5 ! l[] t\*es ! bottom3 /ick ! out] "p on a /ick ( seal+-wax 7h71 :i* w s]ve z a h&le2 !n apply ! l[] end to ! bottom ( ! bottle1 & gradually br+ ! upp] end ne> ! wire 9 ! cork4 ,! consequ5ce is1 sp>k foll[s sp>k till ! equilibrium is re/or$4 ,t\* ! top fir/1 & on approa*+ ! bottom1 ) ! o!r end1 y h a con/ant /ream ( fire f ! wire ent]+ ! bottle4 ,t\* ! top & bottom toge!r1 & ! equilibrium w in/antly be re/or$1 ! crook$ wire =m+ ! communication4 ,,exp]im5t ,v4 ,,fig4 #d4 ,let a r+ ( ?9 lead1 or pap]1 surr\nd a bottle 7i7 ev5 at "s di/ance f or above ! bottom4 ,f t r+ let a wire proce$ up1 till x t\* ! wire ( ! cork 7k74 ,a bottle s fixt _c by any means be electris$3 ! equilibrium is nev] de/roy$3 = :ile ! communication betwe5 ! upp] & l[] p>ts ( ! bottle is cont9u$ by ! outside wire1 ! fire only circulates3 :at is driv5 out at bottom1 is con/antly suppli$ f ! top#cj4 ,h5ce a bottle _c be electris$ t is f\l or moi/ on ! outside1 if su* moi/ure cont9ue up to ! cork or wire4 ,,exp]im5t ,,vi4 ,place a man on a cake ( wax1 & pres5t him ! wire ( ! electrifi$ phial to t\*1 y /&+ on ! floor1 & hold+ x 9 y\r h&4 ,z (t5 z he t\*es x1 he w be electrifi$ plus2 & any "o /&+ on ! floor may draw a sp>k f him4 ,! fire 9 ?is exp]im5t passes out ( ! wire into him2 & at ! same "t out ( y\r h& into ! bottom ( ! bottle4 ,,exp]im5t ,,vii4 ,give him ! electrical phial to hold2 & d y t\* ! wire2 z (t5 z y t\* x he w be electrifi$ m9us1 & may draw a sp>k f any "o /&+ on ! floor4 ,! fire n[ passes f ! wire to y1 & f him into ! bottom ( ! bottle4 ,,exp]im5t ,,viii4 ,lay two books on two glasses1 back t[>ds back1 two or ?ree in*es di/ant4 ,set ! electrifi$ phial on "o1 & !n t\* ! wire2 t book w be electrifi$ m9us2 ! electrical fire be+ drawn out ( x by ! bottom ( ! bottle4 ,take (f ! bottle1 & hold+ x 9 y\r h&1 t\* ! o!r ) ! wire2 t book w be electrifi$ plus2 ! fire pass+ into x f ! wire1 & ! bottle at ! same "t suppli$ f y\r h&4 ,a susp5d$ small cork-ball w play betwe5 ^! books till ! equilibrium is re/or$4 ,,exp]im5t ,,ix4 ,:5 a body is electris$ plus1 x w repel a positively electrifi$ fea!r or small cork-ball4 ,:5 m9us 7or :5 9 ! common /ate7 x w attract !m1 b /rong] :5 m9us ?an :5 9 ! common /ate1 ! diff]5ce be+ great]4 ,,exp]im5t ,x4 ,?\gh1 z 9 ,exp]im5t ,,vi1 a man /&+ on wax may be electris$ a numb] ( times by repeat$ly t\*+ ! wire ( an electris$ bottle 7held 9 ! h& ( "o /&+ on ! floor7 he receiv+ ! fire f ! wire ea* "t3 yet hold+ x 9 8 own h&1 & t\*+ ! wire1 ?\gh he draws a /rong sp>k1 & is viol5tly %ock$1 no electricity rema9s 9 him2 ! fire only pass+ ?r\gh him1 f ! upp] to ! l[] "p ( ! bottle4 ,obs]ve1 be=e ! %ock1 to let "s "o on ! floor t\* him to re/ore ! equilibrium 9 8 body2 = 9 tak+ hold ( ! bottom ( ! bottle1 he sometimes becomes a little electris$ m9us1 :i* w cont9ue aft] ! %ock1 z w\ld also any plus electricity1 :i* he might h giv5 him be=e ! %ock4 ,= re/or+ ! equilibrium 9 ! bottle1 does n at all affect ! electricity 9 ! man ?r\gh :om ! fire passes2 t electricity is nei!r increas$ nor dim9i%$4 ,,exp]im5t ,,xi4 ,! pass+ ( ! electrical fire f ! upp] to ! l[] "p#ca ( ! bottle1 to re/ore ! equilibrium1 is r5d]$ /rongly visible by ! foll[+ pretty exp]im5t4 ,take a book ^: cov]+ is fillett$ ) gold2 b5d a wire ( eight or t5 in*es long1 9 ! =m ( 7m7 ,fig4 #e2 slip x on ! end ( ! cov] ( ! book1 ov] ! gold l9e1 s z t ! %\ld] ( x may press ^u "o end ( ! gold l9e1 ! r+ up1 b lean+ t[>ds ! o!r end ( ! book4 ,lay ! book on a glass or wax#cb1 & on ! o!r end ( ! gold l9es set ! bottle electris$2 !n b5d ! spr++ wire1 by press+ x ) a /ick ( wax till its r+ approa*es ! r+ ( ! bottle wire1 in/antly !re is a /rong sp>k & /roke1 & ! :ole l9e ( gold1 :i* completes ! communication1 betwe5 ! top & bottom ( ! bottle1 w appe> a vivid flame1 l ! %>pe/ lightn+4 ,! clos] ! contact betwe5 ! %\ld] ( ! wire1 & ! gold at "o end ( ! l9e1 & betwe5 ! bottom ( ! bottle & ! gold at ! o!r end1 ! bett] ! exp]im5t succe$s4 ,! room %\ld be d>k5$4 ,if y w\ld h ! :ole fillett+ r\nd ! cov] appe> 9 fire at once1 let ! bottle & wire t\* ! gold 9 ! diagonally opposite corn]s4 ,i am1 c4 ,b4 ,,frankl94 ,,footnotes3 #be ,see ?is op9ion rectifi$ 9 #af & #ag ( ! next lett]4 ,! fire 9 ! bottle 0 f\nd by subsequ5t exp]im5ts n to be conta9$ 9 ! non-electric1 b 9 ! glass4 #agdh4 #bf ,:at is said "h1 & aft]1 ( ! top & bottom ( ! bottle1 is true ( ! inside & outside surfaces1 & %\ld h be5 s express$4 #bg ,see ! prec$+ note1 relat+ to top & bottom4 #bh ,o!r circum/ances be+ equal4 #bi i4 e4 f ! inside to ! outside4 #cj ,see ! prec$+ note1 relat+ to top & bottom4 #ca i4 e4 ,f ! inside to ! outside4 #cb ,plac+ ! book on glass or wax is n necess>y to produce ! appe>ance2 x is only to %[ t ! visible electricity is n br\ght up f ! common /ock 9 ! e>?4 ,,to ,,pet] ,,coll9son1 ,,esq4 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 ,,london4 ,f>!r ,exp]im5ts confirm+ ! prec$+ ,obs]vations4--,leyd5 ,bottle analys$4--,electrical ,batt]y4--,magical ,picture4--,electrical ,:eel or ,jack4--,electrical ,fea/4 ,philadelphia1 #agdh4 ,,sir1 #a4 ,!re w be ! same explosion & %ock if ! electrifi$ phial is held 9 "o h& by ! hook1 & ! coat+ t\*$ ) ! o!r1 z :5 held by ! coat+1 & t\*$ at ! hook4 #b4 ,to take ! *>g$ phial safely by ! hook1 & n at ! same "t dim9i% its =ce1 x mu/ fir/ be set d[n on an electric p] se4 #c4 ,! phial w be electrifi$ z /rongly1 if held by ! hook1 & ! coat+ appli$ to ! globe or tube2 z :5 held by ! coat+1 & ! hook appli$#cc4 #d4 ,b ! direction ( ! electrical fire be+ diff]5t 9 ! *>g+1 w also be diff]5t 9 ! explosion4 ,! bottle *>g$ ?r\gh ! hook1 w be dis*>g$ ?r\gh ! hook2 ! bottle *>g$ ?r\gh ! coat+1 w be dis*>g$ ?r\gh ! coat+1 & n o!rways2 = ! fire mu/ come out ! same way x w5t 94 #e4 ,to prove ?is1 take two bottles t 7 equally *>g$ ?r\gh ! hooks1 "o 9 ea* h&3 br+ _! hooks ne> ea* o!r1 & no sp>k or %ock w foll[2 because ea* hook is dispos$ to give fire1 & nei!r to receive x4 ,set "o ( ! bottles d[n on glass1 take x up by ! hook1 & apply its coat+ to ! hook ( ! o!r2 !n !re w be an explosion & %ock1 & bo? bottles w be dis*>g$4 #f4 ,v>y ! exp]im5t1 by *>g+ two phials equally1 "o ?r\gh ! hook1 ! o!r ?r\gh ! coat+3 hold t by ! coat+ :i* 0 *>g$ ?r\gh ! hook2 & t by ! hook :i* 0 *>g$ ?r\gh ! coat+3 apply ! hook ( ! fir/ to ! coat+ ( ! o!r1 & !re w be no %ock or sp>k4 ,set t d[n on glass :i* y held by ! hook1 take x up by ! coat+1 & br+ ! two hooks toge!r3 a sp>k & %ock w foll[1 & bo? phials be dis*>g$4 ,9 ?is exp]im5t ! bottles are totally dis*>g$1 or ! equilibrium )9 !m re/or$4 ,! ab\nd+ ( fire 9 "o ( ! hooks 7or r 9 ! int]nal surface ( "o bottle7 be+ exactly equal to ! want+ ( ! o!r3 & !re=e1 z ea* bottle has 9 itself ! ab\nd+ z well z ! want+1 ! want+ & ab\nd+ mu/ be equal 9 ea* bottle4 ,see #h1 #i1 #aj1 #aa4 ,b if a man holds 9 8 h&s two bottles1 "o fully electrifi$1 ! o!r n at all1 & br+s _! hooks toge!r1 he has b half a %ock1 & ! bottles w bo? rema9 half electrifi$1 ! "o be+ half dis*>g$1 & ! o!r half *>g$4 #g4 ,place two phials equally *>g$ on a table at five or six in*es di/ance4 ,let a cork-ball1 susp5d$ by a silk ?read1 hang betwe5 !m4 ,if ! phials 7 bo? *>g$ ?r\gh _! hooks1 ! cork1 :5 x has be5 attract$ & repell$ by ! "o1 w n be attract$1 b equally repell$ by ! o!r4 ,b if ! phials 7 *>g$1 ! "o ?r\gh ! hook1 & ! o!r#cd ?r\gh ! coat+1 ! ball1 :5 x is repell$ f "o hook1 w be z /rongly attract$ by ! o!r1 & play vigor\sly betwe5 !m1 fet*+ ! electric fluid f ! "o1 & deliv]+ x to ! o!r1 till bo? phials are ne>ly dis*>g$4 #h4 ,:5 we use ! t]ms ( *>g+ & dis*>g+ ! phial1 x is 9 compliance ) cu/om1 & = want ( o!rs m suitable4 ,s9ce we are ( op9ion t !re is really no m electrical fire 9 ! phial aft] :at is call$ its *>g+1 ?an be=e1 nor less aft] its dis*>g+2 except+ only ! small sp>k t might be giv5 to1 & tak5 f ! non-electric matt]1 if sep>at$ f ! bottle1 :i* sp>k may n be equal to a five hundr$? "p ( :at is call$ ! explosion4 ,= if1 on ! explosion1 ! electrical fire came out ( ! bottle by "o "p1 & did n ent] 9 aga9 by ano!r1 !n1 if a man1 /&+ on wax1 & hold+ ! bottle 9 "o h&1 takes ! sp>k by t\*+ ! wire hook ) ! o!r1 ! bottle be+ !reby dis*>g$1 ! man w\ld be *>g$2 or :atev] fire 0 lo/ by "o1 w\ld be f\nd 9 ! o!r1 s9ce !re 0 no way = its escape3 b ! contr>y is true4 #i4 ,besides1 ! phial w n suff] :at is call$ a *>g+1 unless z mu* fire c g out ( x "o way1 z is ?r[n 9 by ano!r4 ,a phial _c be *>g$ /&+ on wax or glass1 or hang+ on ! prime conductor1 unless a communication be =m$ betwe5 its coat+ & ! floor4 #aj4 ,b susp5d two or m phials on ! prime conductor1 "o hang+ on ! tail ( ! o!r2 & a wire f ! la/ to ! floor1 an equal numb] ( turns ( ! :eel %all *>ge !m all equally1 & e "o z mu* z "o alone w\ld h be54 ,:at is driv5 out at ! tail ( ! fir/1 s]v+ to *>ge ! second2 :at is driv5 out ( ! second *>g+ ! ?ird2 & s on4 ,by ?is means a great numb] ( bottles might be *>g$ ) ! same lab\r1 & equally high1 ) "o alone2 7 x n t e bottle receives new fire1 & loses its old ) "s reluctance1 or r gives "s small resi/ance to ! *>g+1 :i* 9 a numb] ( bottles becomes m equal to ! *>g+ p[]1 & s repels ! fire back aga9 on ! globe1 soon] 9 proportion ?an a s+le bottle w\ld d4 #aa4 ,:5 a bottle is *>g$ 9 ! common way1 its inside & outside surfaces /& ready1 ! "o to give fire by ! hook1 ! o!r to receive x by ! coat+2 ! "o is full1 & ready to ?r[ out1 ! o!r empty & extremely hungry2 yet z ! fir/ w n give out1 unless ! o!r c at ! same in/ant receive 92 s nei!r w ! latt] receive 91 unless ! fir/ c at ! same in/ant give out4 ,:5 bo? c be done at once1 x is done ) inconceivable quickness & viol5ce4 #ab4 ,s a /raight spr+ 7?\gh ! comp>ison does n agree 9 e p>ticul>7 :5 =cibly b5t1 mu/1 to re/ore itself1 contract t side :i* 9 ! b5d+ 0 ext5d$1 & ext5d t :i* 0 contract$2 if ei!r ( ^! two op]ations be h9d]$1 ! o!r _c be done4 ,b ! spr+ is n said to be *>g$ ) ela/icity :5 b5t1 & dis*>g$ :5 unb5t2 its quantity ( ela/icity is always ! same4 #ac4 ,glass1 9 l mann]1 has1 )9 its sub/ance1 always ! same quantity ( electrical fire1 & t a v great quantity 9 proportion to ! mass ( glass1 z %all be %ewn h]eaft]4 #ad4 ,?is quantity1 proportion$ to ! glass1 x /rongly & ob/9ately reta9s1 & w h nei!r m nor less1 ?\gh x w suff] a *ange to be made 9 its p>ts & situation2 i4 e4 we may take away "p ( x f "o ( ! sides1 provid$ we ?r[ an equal quantity into ! o!r4 #ae4 ,yet :5 ! situation ( ! electrical fire is ?us alt]$ 9 ! glass2 :5 "s has be5 tak5 f "o side1 & "s add$ to ! o!r1 x w n be at re/ or 9 its natural /ate1 till x is re/or$ to its orig9al equality4 ,& ?is re/itution _c be made ?r\gh ! sub/ance ( ! glass1 b mu/ be done by a non-electric communication =m$ )\t1 f surface to surface4 #af4 ,?us1 ! :ole =ce ( ! bottle1 & p[] ( giv+ a %ock1 is 9 ! ,,glass ,,itself2 ! non-electrics 9 contact ) ! two surfaces1 s]v+ only to give & receive to & f ! sev]al p>ts ( ! glass2 t is1 to give on "o side1 & take away f ! o!r4 #ag4 ,?is 0 discov]$ "h 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,purpos+ to analyse ! electrifi$ bottle1 9 ord] to f9d :]e9 its /r5g? lay1 we plac$ x on glass1 & drew out ! cork & wire :i* = t purpose _h be5 loosely put 94 ,!n tak+ ! bottle 9 "o h&1 & br++ a f+] ( ! o!r ne> its m\?1 a /rong sp>k came f ! wat]1 & ! %ock 0 z viol5t z if ! wire _h rema9$ 9 x1 :i* %ew$ t ! =ce did n lie 9 ! wire4 ,!n to f9d if x resid$ 9 ! wat]1 be+ cr[d$ into & cond5s$ 9 x1 z conf9$ by ! glass1 :i* _h be5 our =m] op9ion1 we electrifi$ ! bottle aga91 & plac+ x on glass1 drew out ! wire & cork z be=e2 !n tak+ up ! bottle1 we decant$ all its wat] into an empty bottle1 :i* likewise /ood on glass2 & tak+ up t o!r bottle1 we expect$1 if ! =ce resid$ 9 ! wat]1 to f9d a %ock f x2 b !re 0 none4 ,we judg$ !n t x mu/ ei!r be lo/ 9 decant+1 or rema9 9 ! fir/ bottle4 ,! latt] we f\nd to be true2 = t bottle on trial gave ! %ock1 ?\gh fill$ up z x /ood ) fre% unelectrifi$ wat] f a tea-pot4--,to f9d1 !n1 :e!r glass _h ?is prop]ty m]ely z glass1 or :e!r ! =m contribut$ any ?+ to x2 we took a pane ( sa%-glass1 & lay+ x on ! h&1 plac$ a plate ( lead on its upp] surface2 !n electrifi$ t plate1 & br++ a f+] to x1 !re 0 a sp>k & %ock4 ,we !n took two plates ( lead ( equal dim5sions1 b less ?an ! glass by two in*es e way1 & electrifi$ ! glass betwe5 !m1 by electrify+ ! upp]mo/ lead2 !n sep>at$ ! glass f ! lead1 9 do+ :i*1 :at little fire might be 9 ! lead 0 tak5 out1 & ! glass be+ t\*$ 9 ! electrifi$ p>ts ) a f+]1 af=d$ only v small prick+ sp>ks1 b a great numb] ( !m might be tak5 f diff]5t places4 ,!n dextr\sly plac+ x aga9 betwe5 ! lead5 plates1 & compleat+ a circle betwe5 ! two surfaces1 a viol5t %ock ensu$4--,:i* demon/rat$ ! p[] to reside 9 glass z glass1 & t ! non-electrics 9 contact s]v$ only1 l ! armature ( a load/one1 to unite ! =ce ( ! sev]al p>ts1 & br+ !m at once to any po9t desir$3 x be+ ! prop]ty ( a non-electric1 t ! :ole body in/antly receives or gives :at electrical fire is giv5 to or tak5 f any "o ( its p>ts4 #ah4 ,^u ?is we made :at we call$ an electrical-batt]y1 consi/+ ( elev5 panes ( l>ge sa%-glass1 arm$ ) ?9 lead5 plates1 pa/$ on ea* side1 plac$ v]tically1 & support$ at two in*es di/ance on silk cords1 ) ?ick hooks ( lead5 wire1 "o f ea* side1 /&+ upright1 di/ant f ea* o!r1 & conv5i5t communications ( wire & *a91 f ! giv+ side ( "o pane1 to ! receiv+ side ( ! o!r2 t s ! :ole might be *>g$ toge!r1 & ) ! same lab\r z "o s+le pane2 & ano!r contrivance to br+ ! giv+ sides1 aft] *>g+1 9 contact ) "o long wire1 & ! receiv]s ) ano!r1 :i* two long wires w\ld give ! =ce ( all ! plates ( glass at once ?r\gh ! body ( any animal =m+ ! circle ) !m4 ,! plates may also be dis*>g$ sep>ately1 or any numb] toge!r t is requir$4 ,b ?is ma*9e is n mu* us$1 z n p]fectly answ]+ our int5tion ) reg>d to ! ease ( *>g+1 = ! reason giv51 ,sec4 #aj4 ,we made also ( l>ge glass panes1 magical pictures1 & self-mov+ animat$ :eels1 pres5tly to be describ$4 #ai4 ,i p]ceive by ! +5i\s ,mr4 ,watson's la/ book1 lately receiv$1 t ,dr4 ,bevis _h us$1 be=e we _h1 panes ( glass to give a %ock#ce2 ?\gh1 till t book came to h&1 ,i ?\ght to h communicat$ x to y z a novelty4 ,! excuse = m5tion+ x "h is1 t we tri$ ! exp]im5t diff]5tly1 drew diff]5t consequ5ces f x 7= ,mr4 ,watson /ill seems to ?9k ! fire accumulat$ on ! non-electric t is 9 contact ) ! glass1 p4 #gb7 &1 z f> z we hi!rto "k1 h c>ri$ x f>!r4 #bj4 ,! magical picture#cf is made ?us4 ,hav+ a l>ge metzot9to ) a frame & glass1 suppose ( ! ,,k+ 7,god pres]ve him7 take out ! pr9t1 & cut a pannel out ( x ne> two in*es di/ant f ! frame all r\nd4 ,if ! cut is ?r\gh ! picture x is n ! worse4 ,) ?9 pa/e1 or gum-wat]1 fix ! bord] t is cut (f on ! inside ! glass1 press+ x smoo? & close2 !n fill up ! vacancy by gild+ ! glass well ) leaf-gold1 or brass4 ,gild likewise ! inn] edge ( ! back ( ! frame all r\nd1 except ! top "p1 & =m a communication betwe5 t gild+ & ! gild+ beh9d ! glass3 !n put 9 ! bo>d1 & t side is f9i%$4 ,turn up ! glass1 & gild ! =e side exactly ov] ! back gild+1 & :5 x is dry1 cov] x1 by pa/+ on ! pannel ( ! picture t ha? be5 cut out1 obs]v+ to br+ ! correspond5t p>ts ( ! bord] & picture toge!r1 by :i* ! picture w appe> ( a piece1 z at fir/1 only "p is beh9d ! glass1 & "p be=e4 ,hold ! picture horizontally by ! top1 & place a little moveable gilt cr[n on ! k+'s head4 ,if n[ ! picture be mod]ately electrifi$1 & ano!r p]son take hold ( ! frame ) "o h&1 s t 8 f+]s t\* its inside gild+1 & ) ! o!r h& endeav\r to take (f ! cr[n1 he w receive a t]rible bl[1 & fail 9 ! attempt4 ,if ! picture 7 highly *>g$1 ! consequ5ce might p]haps be z fatal#cg z t ( high treason1 = :5 ! sp>k is tak5 ?r\gh a quire ( pap] laid on ! picture by means ( a wire communication1 x makes a fair hole ?r\gh e %eet1 t is1 ?r\gh =ty-eight leaves1 ?\gh a quire ( pap] is ?\ght good arm\r aga9/ ! pu% ( a sword1 or ev5 aga9/ a pi/ol bullet1 & ! crack is exce$+ l\d4 ,! op]ator1 :o holds ! picture by ! upp] end1 :]e ! inside ( ! frame is n gilt1 to prev5t its fall+1 feels no?+ ( ! %ock1 & may t\* ! face ( ! picture )\t dang]1 :i* he pret5ds is a te/ ( 8 loyalty4--,if a r+ ( p]sons take ! %ock among !m1 ! exp]im5t is call$1 ,! ,conspirators4 #ba4 ,on ! pr9ciple1 9 ,sec4 #g1 t hooks ( bottles1 diff]5tly *>g$1 w attract & repel diff]5tly1 is made an electrical :eel1 t turns ) consid]able /r5g?4 ,a small upright %aft ( wood passes at "r angles ?r\gh a ?9 r\nd bo>d1 ( ab\t twelve in*es diamet]1 & turns on a %>p po9t ( iron1 fix$ 9 ! l[] end1 :ile a /rong wire 9 ! upp] end1 pass+ ?r\gh a small hole 9 a ?9 brass plate1 keeps ! %aft truly v]tical4 ,ab\t ?irty radii ( equal l5g?1 made ( sa%-glass1 cut 9 n>r[ /rips1 issue horizontally f ! circumf]5ce ( ! bo>d1 ! ends mo/ di/ant f ! c5tre1 be+ ab\t f\r in*es ap>t4 ,on ! end ( e "o1 a brass ?imble is fix$4 ,if n[ ! wire ( a bottle electrifi$ 9 ! common way1 be br\ght ne> ! circumf]5ce ( ?is :eel1 x w attract ! ne>e/ ?imble1 & s put ! :eel 9 motion2 t ?imble1 9 pass+ by1 receives a sp>k & !reby be+ electrifi$ is repell$1 & s driv5 =w>ds2 :ile a second be+ attract$1 approa*es ! wire1 receives a sp>k1 & is driv5 aft] ! fir/1 & s on till ! :eel has gone once r\nd1 :5 ! ?imbles be=e electrifi$ approa*+ ! wire1 in/ead ( be+ attract$ z !y 7 at fir/1 are repell$1 & ! motion pres5tly ceases4--,b if ano!r bottle1 :i* _h be5 *>g$ ?r\gh ! coat+1 be plac$ ne> ! same :eel1 its wire w attract ! ?imble repell$ by ! fir/1 & !reby d\ble ! =ce t c>ries ! :eel r\nd2 & n only tak+ out ! fire t _h be5 communicat$ to ! ?imbles by ! fir/ bottle1 b ev5 robb+ !m ( _! natural quantity1 in/ead ( be+ repell$ :5 !y come aga9 t[>ds ! fir/ bottle1 !y are m /rongly attract$1 s t ! :eel m5ds its pace1 till x goes ) great rapidity twelve or fifte5 r\nds 9 a m9ute1 & ) su* /r5g?1 z t ! weight ( "o hundr$ ,spani% doll>s ) :i* we once load$ x1 did n seem 9 ! lea/ to ret>d its motion4--,?is is call$ an electrical jack2 & if a l>ge f[l 7 spitt$ on ! upright %aft1 x w\ld be c>ri$ r\nd be=e a fire ) a motion fit = roa/+4 #bb4 ,b ?is :eel1 l ^? driv5 by w9d1 wat]1 or weights1 moves by a =eign =ce1 to wit1 t ( ! bottles4 ,! self-mov+ :eel1 ?\gh con/ruct$ on ! same pr9ciples1 appe>s m surpris+4 ,x is made ( a ?9 r\nd plate ( w9d[-glass1 sev5te5 in*es diamet]1 well gilt on bo? sides1 all b two in*es next ! edge4 ,two small hemisph]es ( wood are !n fix$ ) cem5t to ! middle ( ! upp] & "u sides1 c5trally opposite1 & 9 ea* ( !m a ?ick /rong wire eight or t5 in*es long1 :i* toge!r make ! axis ( ! :eel4 ,x turns horizontally on a po9t at ! l[] end ( its axis1 :i* re/s on a bit ( brass cem5t$ )9 a glass salt-cell>4 ,! upp] end ( its axis passes ?r\gh a hole 9 a ?9 brass plate cem5t$ to a long /rong piece ( glass1 :i* keeps x six or eight in*es di/ant f any non-electric1 & has a small ball ( wax or metal on its top1 to keep 9 ! fire4 ,9 a circle on ! table :i* supports ! :eel1 are fix$ twelve small pill>s ( glass1 at ab\t f\r in*es di/ance1 ) a ?imble on ! top ( ea*4 ,on ! edge ( ! :eel is a small lead5 bullet1 communicat+ by a wire ) ! gild+ ( ! upp] surface ( ! :eel2 & ab\t six in*es f x is ano!r bullet1 communicat+ 9 l mann] ) ! "u surface4 ,:5 ! :eel is to be *>g$ by ! upp] surface1 a communication mu/ be made f ! "u surface to ! table4 ,:5 x is well *>g$ x beg9s to move2 ! bullet ne>e/ to a pill> moves t[>ds ! ?imble on t pill>1 & pass+ by electrifies x1 & !n pu%es itself f x2 ! succe$+ bullet1 :i* communicates ) ! o!r surface ( ! glass1 m /rongly attracts t ?imble1 on acc\nt ( its be+ be=e electrifi$ by ! o!r bullet2 & ?us ! :eel encreases its motion till x comes to su* a height z t ! resi/ance ( ! air regulates x4 ,x w g half an h\r1 & make "o m9ute ) ano!r tw5ty turns 9 a m9ute1 :i* is six hundr$ turns 9 ! :ole2 ! bullet ( ! upp] surface giv+ 9 ea* turn twelve sp>ks to ! ?imbles1 :i* makes sev5 ?\s& two hundr$ sp>ks3 & ! bullet ( ! "u surface receiv+ z _m f ! ?imbles2 ^? bullets mov+ 9 ! "t ne> two ?\s& five hundr$ feet4--,! ?imbles are well fix$1 & 9 s exact a circle1 t ! bullets may pass )9 a v small di/ance ( ea* ( !m4--,if in/ead ( two bullets y put eight1 f\r communicat+ ) ! upp] surface1 & f\r ) ! "u surface1 plac$ alt]nately1 :i* eight1 at ab\t six in*es di/ance1 completes ! circumf]5ce1 ! =ce & swiftness w be greatly increas$1 ! :eel mak+ fifty turns 9 a m9ute2 b !n x w n cont9ue mov+ s long4--,^! :eels may be appli$1 p]haps1 to ! r++ ( *imes1#ch & mov+ ( light-made orr]ies4 #bc4 ,a small wire b5t circul>ly1 ) a loop at ea* end2 let "o end re/ aga9/ ! "u surface ( ! :eel1 & br+ ! o!r end ne> ! upp] surface1 x w give a t]rible crack1 & ! =ce w be dis*>g$4 #bd4 ,e sp>k 9 t mann] drawn f ! surface ( ! :eel1 makes a r\nd hole 9 ! gild+1 te>+ (f a "p ( x 9 com+ out2 :i* %ews t ! fire is n accumulat$ on ! gild+1 b is 9 ! glass itself4 #be4 ,! gild+ be+ v>ni%$ ov] ) turp5t9e v>ni%1 ! v>ni%1 ?\gh dry & h>d1 is burnt by ! sp>k drawn ?r\gh x1 & gives a /rong smell & visible smoke4 ,& :5 ! sp>k is drawn ?ro' pap]1 all r\nd ! hole made by x1 ! pap] w be black$ by ! smoke1 :i* sometimes p5etrates sev]al ( ! leaves4 ,"p ( ! gild+ torn (f is also f\nd =cibly driv5 into ! hole made 9 ! pap] by ! /roke4 #bf4 ,x is amaz+ to obs]ve 9 h[ small a portion ( glass a great electrical =ce may lie4 ,a ?9 glass bubble1 ab\t an in* diamet]1 weigh+ only six gra9s1 be+ half fill$ ) wat]1 p>tly gilt on ! outside1 & furni%$ ) a wire hook1 gives1 :5 electrifi$1 z great a %ock z a man c well be>4 ,z ! glass is ?icke/ ne> ! orifice1 ,i suppose ! l[] half1 :i* be+ gilt 0 electrifi$ & gave ! %ock1 did n exce$ two gra9s2 = x appe>$1 :5 brok51 mu* ?9n] ?an ! upp] half4--,if "o ( ^! ?9 bottles be electrifi$ by ! coat+1 & ! sp>k tak5 out ?r\gh ! gild+1 x w break ! glass inw>ds1 at ! same "t t x breaks ! gild+ outw>ds4 #bg4 ,& all[+ 7= ! reasons be=e giv51 #h1 #i1 #aj17 t !re is no m electrical fire 9 a bottle aft] *>g+1 ?an be=e1 h[ great mu/ be ! quantity 9 ?is small portion ( glass6 ,x seems z if x 7 ( its v sub/ance & ess5ce4 ,p]haps if t due quantity ( electrical fire s ob/9ately reta9$ by glass1 c\ld be sep>at$ f x1 x w\ld no long] be glass2 x might lose its transp>5cy1 or its brittl5ess1 or its ela/icity4--,exp]im5ts may possibly be inv5t$ h]eaft]1 to discov] ?is4 #bg4 ,we 7 surpris$ at ! acc\nt giv5 9 ,mr4 ,watson's book1 ( a %ock communicat$ ?r\gh a great space ( dry gr\nd1 & suspect !re mu/ be "s metall9e quality 9 ! gravel ( t gr\nd2 hav+ f\nd t simple dry e>?1 ramm$ 9 a glass tube1 op5 at bo? ends1 & a wire hook ins]t$ 9 ! e>? at ea* end1 ! e>? & wires mak+ "p ( a circuit1 w\ld n conduct ! lea/ p]ceptible %ock1 & inde$ :5 "o wire 0 electrifi$ ! o!r h>dly %ew$ any signs ( its be+ 9 connection ) x#ci4 ,ev5 a ?or\ghly wet pack?read sometimes fails ( conduct+ a %ock1 ?\gh x o!rwise conducts electricity v well4 ,a dry cake ( ice1 or an icicle held betwe5 two 9 a circle1 likewise prev5ts ! %ock1 :i* "o w\ld n expect1 z wat] conducts x s p]fectly well4--,gild+ on a new book1 ?\gh at fir/ x conducts ! %ock extremely well1 yet fails aft] t5 or a doz5 exp]im5ts1 ?\gh x appe>s o!rwise 9 all respects ! same1 :i* we _c acc\nt =#dj4 #bh4 ,!re is "o exp]im5t m :i* surprises u1 & is n hi!rto satisfactorily acc\nt$ =2 x is ?is3 ,place an iron %ot on a glass /&1 & let a ball ( damp cork1 susp5d$ by a silk ?read1 hang 9 contact ) ! %ot4 ,take a bottle 9 ea* h&1 "o t is electrifi$ ?r\gh ! hook1 ! o!r ?r\gh ! coat+3 ,apply ! giv+ wire to ! %ot1 :i* w electrify x positively1 & ! cork %all be repell$3 !n apply ! requir+ wire1 :i* w take out ! sp>k giv5 by ! o!r2 :5 ! cork w return to ! %ot3 ,apply ! same aga91 & take out ano!r sp>k1 s w ! %ot be electrifi$ negatively1 & ! cork 9 t case %all be repell$ equally z be=e4 ,!n apply ! giv+ wire to ! %ot1 & give ! sp>k x want$1 s w ! cork return3 ,give x ano!r1 :i* w be an addition to its natural quantity1 s w ! cork be repell$ aga93 ,& s may ! exp]im5t be repeat$ z long z !re is any *>ge 9 ! bottles4 ,:i* %ews t bodies1 hav+ less ?an ! common quantity ( electricity1 repel ea* o!r1 z well z ^? t h m4 ,*agr9$ a little t we h be5 hi!rto able to produce no?+ 9 ?is way ( use to mank9d2 & ! hot wea!r com+ on1 :5 electrical exp]im5ts are n s agreeable1 x is propos$ to put an end to !m = ?is season1 some:at humor\sly1 9 a p>ty ( pleasure1 on ! banks ( ,skuylkil#da4 ,spirits1 at ! same "t1 are to be fir$ by a sp>k s5t f side to side ?r\gh ! riv]1 )\t any o!r conductor ?an ! wat]2 an exp]im5t :i* we "s "t s9ce p]=m$1 to ! amazem5t ( _m#db4 ,a turkey is to be kill$ = our d9n] by ! electrical %ock1 & roa/$ by ! electrical jack1 be=e a fire k9dl$ by ! electrifi$ bottle3 :5 ! heal?s ( all ! fam\s electricians 9 ,engl&1 ,holl&1 ,france1 & ,g]many are to be drank 9 electrifi$ bump]s#dc1 "u ! dis*>ge ( guns f ! electrical batt]y4 ,,footnotes3 #cc ,?is 0 a discov]y ( ! v +5i\s ,mr4 ,k9n]sley1 & by him communicat$ to me4 #cd ,to *>ge a bottle commodi\sly ?r\gh ! coat+1 place x on a glass /&2 =m a communication f ! prime conductor to ! coat+1 & ano!r f ! hook to ! wall or floor4 ,:5 x is *>g$1 remove ! latt] communication be=e y take hold ( ! bottle1 o!rwise great "p ( ! fire w escape by x4 #ce ,i h s9ce he>d t ,mr4 ,smeaton 0 ! fir/ :o made use ( panes ( glass = t purpose4 #cf ,contriv$ by ,mr4 ,k9n]sley4 #cg ,we h s9ce f\nd x fatal to small animals1 ?\gh n to l>ge ones4 ,! bigge/ we h yet kill$ is a h54 #agej4 #ch ,?is 0 aft]w>ds done ) success by ,mr4 ,k9n]sley4 #ci ,probably ! gr\nd is nev] s dry4 #dj ,we aft]w>ds f\nd t x fail$ aft] "o /roke ) a l>ge bottle2 & ! cont9uity ( ! gold appe>+ brok51 & _m ( its p>ts dissipat$1 ! electricity c\ld n pass ! rema9+ p>ts )\t leap+ f "p to "p ?r\gh ! air1 :i* always resi/s ! motion ( ?is fluid1 & 0 probably ! cause ( ! gold's n conduct+ s well z be=e2 ! numb] ( int]ruptions 9 ! l9e ( gold1 mak+1 :5 add$ toge!r1 a space l>g]1 p]haps1 ?an ! /rik+ di/ance4 #da ,! riv] t wa%es "o side ( ,philadelphia1 z ! ,delaw>e does ! o!r2 bo? are ornam5t$ ) ! summ] habitations ( ! citiz5s1 & ! agreeable mansions ( ! pr9cipal p ( ?is colony4 #db ,z ! possibility ( ?is exp]im5t has n be5 easily conceiv$1 ,i %all "h describe x4--,two iron rods1 ab\t ?ree feet long1 7 plant$ j )9 ! m>g9 ( ! riv]1 on ! opposite sides4 ,a ?ick piece ( wire1 ) a small r\nd knob at its end1 0 fix$ on ! top ( "o ( ! rods1 b5d+ d[nw>ds1 s z to deliv] commodi\sly ! sp>k ^u ! surface ( ! _s4 ,a small wire fa/5$ by "o end to ! h&le ( ! spoon1 conta9+ ! _s1 0 c>ri$ a-cross ! riv]1 & support$ 9 ! air by ! rope commonly us$ to hold by1 9 draw+ ! f]ry-boats ov]4 ,! o!r end ( ?is wire 0 ti$ r\nd ! coat+ ( ! bottle2 :i* be+ *>g$1 ! sp>k 0 deliv]$ f ! hook to ! top ( ! rod /&+ 9 ! wat] on t side4 ,at ! same in/ant ! rod on ! o!r side deliv]$ a sp>k into ! spoon1 & fir$ ! _s2 ! electric fire return+ to ! coat+ ( ! bottle1 ?r\gh ! h&le ( ! spoon & ! support$ wire connect$ ) !m4 ,t ! electric fire ?us actually passes ?r\gh ! wat]1 has s9ce be5 satisfactorily demon/rat$ to _m by an exp]im5t ( ,mr4 ,k9n]sley's1 p]=m$ 9 a tr\gh ( wat] ab\t t5 feet long4 ,! h& be+ plac$ "u wat] 9 ! direction ( ! sp>k 7:i* always takes ! /rait or %orte/ c\rse1 if suffici5t1 & o!r circum/ances are equal7 is /ruck & p5etrat$ by x z x passes4 ,,to ,,pet] ,,coll9son1 ,,esq4 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 ,,london4 ,obs]vations & ,suppositions1 t[>ds =m+ a new ,hypo!sis1 = expla9+ ! sev]al ,ph5om5a ( ,?und]-,gu/s4#dd ,,sir1 ,non-electric bodies1 t h electric fire ?r[n into !m1 w reta9 x till o!r electrics1 t h less1 approa*2 & !n x is communicat$ by a snap1 & becomes equally divid$4 #b4 ,electrical fire loves wat]1 is /rongly attract$ by x1 & !y c subsi/ toge!r4 #c4 ,air is an electric p] se1 & :5 dry w n conduct ! electrical fire2 x w nei!r receive x1 nor give x to o!r bodies3 o!rwise no body surr\nd$ by air1 c\ld be electrifi$ positively & negatively3 = %\ld x be attempt$ positively1 ! air w\ld imm$iately take away ! ov]plus2 or negatively1 ! air w\ld supply :at 0 want+4 #d4 ,wat] be+ electrifi$1 ! vap\rs aris+ f x w be equally electrifi$2 & float+ 9 ! air1 9 ! =m ( cl\ds1 or o!rwise1 w reta9 t quantity ( electrical fire1 till !y meet ) o!r cl\ds or bodies n s mu* electrifi$1 & !n w communicate z be=e-m5tion$4 #e4 ,e p>ticle ( matt] electrifi$ is repell$ by e o!r p>ticle equally electrifi$4 ,?us ! /ream ( a f\nta91 naturally d5se & cont9ual1 :5 electrifi$1 w sep>ate & spread 9 ! =m ( a bru%1 e drop endeav\r+ to rec$e f e o!r drop4 ,b on tak+ out ! electrical fire !y close aga94 #f4 ,wat] be+ /rongly electrifi$ 7z well z :5 heat$ by common fire7 rises 9 vap\rs m copi\sly2 ! attraction ( cohesion among its p>ticles be+ greatly weak5$1 by ! opposite p[] ( repulsion introduc$ ) ! electrical fire2 & :5 any p>ticle is by any means dis5gag$1 x is imm$iately repell$1 & s flies into ! air4 #g4 ,p>ticles happ5+ to be situat$ z ,a & ,b1 7,,fig4 ,,vi4 repres5t+ ! pr(ile ( a vessel ( wat]7 are m easily dis5gag$ ?an ,c & ,d1 z ea* is held by contact ) ?ree only1 :]eas ,c & ,d are ea* 9 contact ) n9e4 ,:5 ! surface ( ! wat] has ! lea/ motion1 p>ticles are cont9ually pu%$ into ! situation repres5t$ by ,a & ,b4 #h4 ,friction betwe5 a non-electric & an electric p] se w produce electrical fire2 n by creat+1 b collect+ x3 = x is equally diffus$ 9 our walls1 floors1 e>?1 & ! :ole mass ( common matt]4 ,?us ! :irl+ glass globe1 dur+ its friction aga9/ ! cu%ion1 draws fire f ! cu%ion1 ! cu%ion is suppli$ f ! frame ( ! ma*9e1 t f ! floor on :i* x /&s4 ,cut (f ! communication by ?ick glass or wax1 plac$ "u ! cu%ion1 & no fire c be produc$1 because x _c be collect$4 #i4 ,! ocean is a comp\nd ( wat]1 a non-electric1 & salt an electric p] se4 #aj4 ,:5 !re is a friction among ! p>ts ne> its surface1 ! electrical fire is collect$ f ! p>ts bel[4 ,x is !n pla9ly visible 9 ! night2 x appe>s 9 ! /]n & 9 ! wake ( e sail+ vessel2 e da% ( an o> %ews x1 & e surf & spray3 9 /orms ! :ole sea seems on fire4--,! deta*$ p>ticles ( wat] !n repell$ f ! electrifi$ surface1 cont9ually c>ry (f ! fire z x is collect$2 !y rise & =m cl\ds1 & ^? cl\ds are highly electrifi$1 & reta9 ! fire till !y h an opportunity ( communicat+ x4 #aa4 ,! p>ticles ( wat]1 ris+ 9 vap\rs1 atta* !mselves to p>ticles ( air4 #ab4 ,! p>ticles ( air are said to be h>d1 r\nd1 sep>ate & di/ant f ea* o!r2 e p>ticle /rongly repell+ e o!r p>ticle1 :]eby !y rec$e f ea* o!r1 z f> z common gravity w p]mit4 #ac4 ,! space betwe5 any ?ree p>ticles1 equally repell+ ea* o!r1 w be an equilat]al triangle4 #ad4 ,9 air compress$1 ^! triangles are small]2 9 r>ifi$ air !y are l>g]4 #ae4 ,common fire1 jo9$ ) air1 increases ! repulsion1 enl>ges ! triangles1 & !reby makes ! air specifically light]4 ,su* air1 among d5s] air1 w rise4 #af4 ,common fire1 z well z electrical fire1 gives repulsion to ! p>ticles ( wat]1 & de/roys _! attraction ( cohesion2 h5ce common fire1 z well z electrical fire1 assi/s 9 rais+ vap\rs4 #ag4 ,p>ticles ( wat]1 hav+ no fire 9 !m1 mutually attract ea* o!r4 ,?ree p>ticles ( wat] !n1 be+ atta*$ to ! ?ree p>ticles ( a triangle ( air1 w\ld1 by _! mutual attraction op]at+ aga9/ ! air's repulsion1 %ort5 ! sides & less5 ! triangle1 :]eby t portion ( air made d5s]1 w\ld s9k to ! e>? ) its wat]1 & n rise to ! =mation ( a cl\d4 #ah4 ,b if e p>ticle ( wat] atta*+ itself to air br+s ) x a p>ticle ( common fire1 ! repulsion ( ! air be+ assi/$ & /r5g!n$ by ! fire1 m ?an ob/ruct$ by ! mutual attraction ( ! p>ticles ( wat]1 ! triangle dilates1 & t portion ( air1 becom+ r>] & specifically light]1 rises4 #ai4 ,if ! p>ticles ( wat] br+ electrical fire :5 !y atta* !mselves to air1 ! repulsion betwe5 ! p>ticles ( wat] electrifi$1 jo9s ) ! natural repulsion ( ! air1 to =ce its p>ticles to a great] di/ance1 :]eby ! triangles are dilat$1 & ! air rises1 c>ry+ up ) x ! wat]4 #bj4 ,if ! p>ticles ( wat] br+ ) !m portions ( bo? sorts ( fire1 ! repulsion ( ! p>ticles ( air is /ill m /r5g!n$ & increas$1 & ! triangles f>!r enl>g$4 #ba4 ,"o p>ticle ( air may be surr\nd$ by twelve p>ticles ( wat] ( equal size ) itself1 all 9 contact ) x2 & by m add$ to ^?4 #bb4 ,p>ticles ( air1 ?us load$1 w\ld be drawn ne>] toge!r by ! mutual attraction ( ! p>ticles ( wat]1 did n ! fire1 common or electrical1 assi/ _! repulsion4 #bc4 ,if air1 ?us load$1 be compress$ by adv]se w9ds1 or by be+ driv5 aga9/ m\nta9s1 c4 or cond5s$ by tak+ away ! fire t assi/$ x 9 exp&+2 ! triangles contract1 ! air ) its wat] w desc5d z a dew2 or1 if ! wat] surr\nd+ "o p>ticle ( air comes 9 contact ) ! wat] surr\nd+ ano!r1 !y coalesce & =m a drop1 & we h ra94 #bd4 ,! sun supplies 7or seems to supply7 common fire to vap\rs1 :e!r rais$ f e>? or sea4 #be4 ,^? vap\rs1 :i* h bo? common & electrical fire 9 !m1 are bett] support$ ?an ^? :i* h only common fire 9 !m2 = :5 vap\rs rise into ! colde/ region above ! e>?1 ! cold w n dim9i% ! electrical fire1 if x do? ! common4 #bf4 ,h5ce cl\ds1 =m$ by vap\rs1 rais$ f fre% wat]s )9 l&1 f gr[+ vegetables1 moi/ e>?1 c4 m spe$ily & easily deposite _! wat]1 hav+ b little electrical fire to repel & keep ! p>ticles sep>ate4 ,s t ! greate/ "p ( ! wat] rais$ f ! l&1 is let fall on ! l& aga92 & w9ds bl[+ f ! l& to ! sea are dry2 !re be+ little use = ra9 on ! sea1 & to rob ! l& ( its moi/ure1 9 ord] to ra9 on ! sea1 w\ld n appe> reasonable4 #bg4 ,b cl\ds1 =m$ by vap\rs rais$ f ! sea1 hav+ bo? fires1 & p>ticul>ly a great quantity ( ! electrical1 support _! wat] /rongly1 raise x high1 & be+ mov$ by w9ds1 may br+ x ov] ! middle ( ! broade/ cont95t f ! middle ( ! wide/ ocean4 #bh4 ,h[ ^! ocean cl\ds1 s /rongly support+ _! wat]1 are made to deposite x on ! l& :]e x is want$1 is next to be consid]$4 #bi4 ,if !y are driv5 by w9ds aga9/ m\nta9s1 ^? m\nta9s be+ less electrifi$ attract !m1 & on contact take away _! electrical fire 7& be+ cold1 ! common fire also27 h5ce ! p>ticles close t[>ds ! m\nta9s & t[>ds ea* o!r4 ,if ! air 0 n mu* load$1 x only falls 9 dews on ! m\nta9 tops & sides1 =ms spr+s1 & desc5ds to ! vales 9 rivulets1 :i*1 unit$1 make l>g] /reams & riv]s4 ,if mu* load$1 ! electrical fire is at once tak5 f ! :ole cl\d2 &1 9 leav+ x1 fla%es brightly & cracks l\dly2 ! p>ticles in/antly coalesc+ = want ( t fire1 & fall+ 9 a heavy %[]4 #cj4 ,:5 a ridge ( m\nta9s ?us dams ! cl\ds1 & draws ! electrical fire f ! cl\d fir/ approa*+ x2 t :i* next foll[s1 :5 x comes ne> ! fir/ cl\d1 n[ depriv$ ( its fire1 fla%es into x1 & beg9s to deposite its own wat]2 ! fir/ cl\d aga9 fla%+ into ! m\nta9s2 ! ?ird approa*+ cl\d1 & all succe$+ ones1 act+ 9 ! same mann] z f> back z !y ext5d1 :i* may be ov] _m hundr$ miles ( c\ntry4 #ca4 ,h5ce ! cont9ual /orms ( ra91 ?und]1 & lightn+ on ! ea/ side ( ! ,&es1 :i* runn+ nor? & s\?1 & be+ va/ly high1 int]cept all ! cl\ds br\ght aga9/ !m f ! ,atlantic ocean by ! trade w9ds1 & oblige !m to deposite _! wat]s1 by :i* ! va/ riv]s ,amazons1 ,la ,plata1 & ,oroonoko are =m$1 :i* return ! wat] into ! same sea1 aft] hav+ f]tiliz$ a c\ntry ( v great ext5t4 #cb4 ,if a c\ntry be pla91 hav+ no m\nta9s to int]cept ! electrifi$ cl\ds1 yet x is n )\t means to make !m deposite _! wat]4 ,= if an electrifi$ cl\d1 com+ f ! sea1 meets 9 ! air a cl\d rais$ f ! l&1 & !re=e n electrifi$2 ! fir/ w fla% its fire into ! latt]1 & !reby bo? cl\ds %all be made sudd5ly to deposite wat]4 #cc4 ,! electrifi$ p>ticles ( ! fir/ cl\d close :5 !y lose _! fire2 ! p>ticles ( ! o!r cl\ds close 9 receiv+ x3 9 bo?1 !y h !reby an opportunity ( coalesc+ into drops4--,! concussion1 or j]k giv5 to ! air1 contributes also to %ake d[n ! wat]1 n only f ^? two cl\ds1 b f o!rs ne> !m4 ,h5ce ! sudd5 fall ( ra9 imm$iately aft] fla%es ( lightn+4 #cd4 ,to %ew ?is by an easy exp]im5t3 ,take two r\nd pieces ( pa/ebo>d two in*es diamet]2 f ! c5tre & circumf]5ce ( ea* ( !m susp5d by f9e silk ?reads eighte5 in*es long1 sev5 small balls ( wood1 or sev5 peas equal 9 goodness3 s w ! balls app5d+ to ea* pa/ebo>d1 =m equal equilat]al triangles1 "o ball be+ 9 ! c5tre1 & six at equal di/ances f t1 & f ea* o!r2 & ?us !y repres5t p>ticles ( air4 ,dip bo? sets 9 wat]1 & "s adh]+ to ea* ball1 !y w repres5t air load$4 ,dext]\sly electrify "o set1 & its ball w repel ea* o!r to a great] di/ance1 enl>g+ ! triangles4 ,c\ld ! wat] support$ by sev5 balls come into contact1 x w\ld =m a drop or drops s heavy z to break ! cohesion x _h ) ! balls1 & s fall4 ,let ! two sets !n repres5t two cl\ds1 ! "o a sea cl\d electrifi$1 ! o!r a l& cl\d4 ,br+ !m )9 ! sph]e ( attraction1 & !y w draw t[>ds ea* o!r1 & y w see ! sep>at$ balls close ?us2 ! fir/ electrifi$ ball t comes ne> an unelectrifi$ ball by attraction jo9s x1 & gives x fire2 in/antly !y sep>ate1 & ea* flies to ano!r ball ( its own p>ty1 "o to give1 ! o!r to receive fire2 & s x proce$s ?r\gh bo? sets1 b s quick z to be 9 a mann] in/antane\s4 ,9 ! cohesion !y %ake (f & drop _! wat]1 :i* repres5ts ra94 #ce4 ,?us :5 sea & l& cl\ds w\ld pass at too great a di/ance = ! fla%1 !y are attract$ t[>ds ea* o!r till )9 t di/ance2 = ! sph]e ( electrical attraction is f> beyond ! di/ance ( fla%+4 #cf4 ,:5 a great numb] ( cl\ds f ! sea meet a numb] ( cl\ds rais$ f ! l&1 ! electrical fla%es appe> to /rike 9 diff]5t p>ts2 & z ! cl\ds are jo/l$ & mix$ by ! w9ds1 or br\ght ne> by ! electrical attraction1 !y cont9ue to give & receive fla% aft] fla%1 till ! electrical fire is equally diffus$4 #cg4 ,:5 ! gun-b>rel1 79 electrical exp]im5ts7 has b little electrical fire 9 x1 y mu/ approa* x v ne> ) y\r knuckle be=e y c draw a sp>k4 ,give x m fire1 & x w give a sp>k at a great] di/ance4 ,two gun-b>rels unit$1 & z highly electrifi$1 w give a sp>k at a /ill great] di/ance4 ,b if two gun-b>rels electrifi$ w /rike at two in*es di/ance1 & make a l\d snap1 to :at a great di/ance may #aj1jjj acres ( electrifi$ cl\d /rike & give its fire1 & h[ l\d mu/ be t crack8 #ch4 ,x is a common ?+ to see cl\ds at diff]5t heights pass+ diff]5t ways1 :i* %ews diff]5t curr5ts ( air "o "u ! o!r4 ,z ! air betwe5 ! tropics is r>efi$ by ! sun1 x rises1 ! d5s] nor!rn & s\!rn air press+ into its place4 ,! air s r>efi$ & =c$ up1 passes nor?w>d & s\?w>d1 & mu/ desc5d 9 ! pol> regions1 if x has no opportunity be=e1 t ! circulation may be c>ri$ on4 #ci4 ,z curr5ts ( air1 ) ! cl\ds !re91 pass diff]5t ways1 x is easy to conceive h[ ! cl\ds1 pass+ ov] ea* o!r1 may attract ea* o!r1 & s come ne> en\gh = ! electrical /roke4 ,& also h[ electrical cl\ds may be c>ri$ )9 l& v f> f ! sea1 be=e !y h an opportunity to /rike4 #dj4 ,:5 ! air1 ) its vap\rs rais$ f ! ocean betwe5 ! tropics1 comes to desc5d 9 ! pol> regions1 & to be 9 contact ) ! vap\rs aris+ !re1 ! electrical fire !y br\ght beg9s to be communicat$1 & is se5 9 cle> nights1 be+ fir/ visible :]e x is fir/ 9 motion1 t is1 :]e ! contact beg9s1 or 9 ! mo/ nor!rn "p2 f !nce ! /reams ( light seem to %oot s\!rly1 ev5 up to ! z5i? ( nor!rn c\ntries4 ,b ?\gh ! light seems to %oot f ! nor? s\!rly1 ! progress ( ! fire is really f ! s\? nor!rly1 its motion beg9n+ 9 ! nor?1 be+ ! reason t x is !re se5 fir/4 ,= ! electrical fire is nev] visible b :5 9 motion1 & leap+ f body to body1 or f p>ticle to p>ticle ?r\gh ! air4 ,:5 x passes ?r\gh d5se bodies x is unse54 ,:5 a wire makes "p ( ! circle1 9 ! explosion ( ! electrical phial1 ! fire1 ?\gh 9 great quantity1 passes 9 ! wire invisibly2 b 9 pass+ along a *a91 x becomes visible z x leaps f l9k to l9k4 ,9 pass+ along leaf gild+ x is visible3 = ! leaf-gold is full ( pores2 hold a leaf to ! light & x appe>s l a net1 & ! fire is se5 9 its leap+ ov] ! vacancies4--,& z :5 a long canal fill$ ) /ill wat] is op5$ at "o end1 9 ord] to be dis*>g$1 ! motion ( ! wat] beg9s fir/ ne> ! op5$ end1 & proce$s t[>ds ! close end1 ?\gh ! wat] itself moves f ! close t[>ds ! op5$ end3 s ! electrical fire dis*>g$ into ! pol> regions1 p]haps f a ?\s& leagues l5g? ( vaporis$ air1 appe>s fir/ :]e x is fir/ 9 motion1 i4 e4 9 ! mo/ nor!rn "p1 & ! appe>ance proce$s s\?w>d1 ?\gh ! fire really moves nor?w>d4 ,?is is suppos$ to acc\nt = ! aurora borealis4 #da4 ,:5 !re is great heat on ! l&1 9 a p>ticul> region 7! sun hav+ %one on x p]haps sev]al days1 :ile ! surr\nd+ c\ntries h be5 scre5$ by cl\ds7 ! l[] air is r>efi$ & rises1 ! cool] d5s] air above desc5ds2 ! cl\ds 9 t air meet f all sides1 & jo9 ov] ! heat$ place2 & if "s are electrifi$1 o!rs n1 lightn+ & ?und] succe$1 & %[]s fall4 ,h5ce ?und]-gu/s aft] heats1 & cool air aft] gu/s2 ! wat] & ! cl\ds t br+ x1 com+ f a high] & !re=e a cool] region4 #db4 ,an electrical sp>k1 drawn f an irregul> body at "s di/ance is sc>cely ev] /rait1 b %[s crook$ & wav+ 9 ! air4 ,s d ! fla%es ( lightn+2 ! cl\ds be+ v irregul> bodies4 #dc4 ,z electrifi$ cl\ds pass ov] a c\ntry1 high hills & high trees1 l(ty t[]s1 spires1 ma/s ( %ips1 *imneys1 c4 z s _m prom95cies & po9ts1 draw ! electrical fire1 & ! :ole cl\d dis*>ges !re4 #dd4 ,dang]\s1 !re=e1 is x to take %elt] "u a tree1 dur+ a ?und]-gu/4 ,x has be5 fatal to _m1 bo? m5 & bea/s4 #de4 ,x is saf] to be 9 ! op5 field = ano!r reason4 ,:5 ! cloa?s are wet1 if a fla% 9 its way to ! gr\nd %\ld /rike y\r head1 x may run 9 ! wat] ov] ! surface ( y\r body2 :]eas1 if y\r cloa?s 7 dry1 x w\ld g ?r\gh ! body1 because ! blood & o!r hum\rs1 conta9+ s mu* wat]1 are m ready conductors4 ,h5ce a wet rat _c be kill$ by ! explod+ electrical bottle1 :5 a dry rat may#de4 #df4 ,common fire is 9 all bodies1 m or less1 z well z electrical fire4 ,p]haps !y may be diff]5t modifications ( ! same elem5t2 or !y may be diff]5t elem5ts4 ,! latt] is by "s suspect$4 #dg4 ,if !y are diff]5t ?+s1 yet !y may & d subsi/ toge!r 9 ! same body4 #dh4 ,:5 electrical fire /rikes ?r\gh a body1 x acts ^u ! common fire conta9$ 9 x1 & puts t fire 9 motion2 & if !re be a suffici5t quantity ( ea* k9d ( fire1 ! body w be inflam$4 #di4 ,:5 ! quantity ( common fire 9 ! body is small1 ! quantity ( ! electrical fire 7or ! electrical /roke7 %\ld be great]3 if ! quantity ( common fire be great1 less electrical fire suffices to produce ! effect4 #ej4 ,?us spirits mu/ be heat$ be=e we c fire !m by ! electrical sp>k4#df ,if !y are mu* heat$1 a small sp>k w d2 if n1 ! sp>k mu/ be great]4 #ea4 ,till lately we c\ld only fire w>m vap\rs2 b n[ we c burn h>d dry ros94 ,& :5 we c procure great] electrical sp>ks1 we may be able to fire n only unw>m$ spirits1 z lightn+ does1 b ev5 wood1 by giv+ suffici5t agitation to ! common fire conta9$ 9 x1 z friction we "k w d4 #eb4 ,sulphure\s & inflammable vap\rs1 aris+ f ! e>?1 are easily k9dl$ by lightn+4 ,besides :at arise f ! e>?1 su* vap\rs are s5t out by /acks ( moi/ hay1 corn1 or o!r vegetables1 :i* heat & reek4 ,wood1 rott+ 9 old trees or build+s1 does ! same4 ,su* are !re=e easily & (t5 fir$4 #ec4 ,metals are (t5 melt$ by lightn+1 ?\gh p]haps n f heat 9 ! lightn+1 nor altoge!r f agitat$ fire 9 ! metals4--,= z :atev] body c ins9uate itself betwe5 ! p>ticles ( metal1 & ov]come ! attraction by :i* !y coh]e 7z sundry m5/rua c7 w make ! solid become a fluid1 z well z fire1 yet )\t heat+ x3 s ! electrical fire1 or lightn+1 creat+ a viol5t repulsion betwe5 ! p>ticles ( ! metal x passes ?r\gh1 ! metal is fus$4 #ed4 ,if y w\ld1 by a viol5t fire1 melt (f ! end ( a nail1 :i* is half driv5 into a door1 ! heat giv5 ! :ole nail1 be=e a "p w\ld melt1 mu/ burn ! bo>d x /icks 92 & ! melt$ "p w\ld burn ! floor x dropp$ on4 ,b if a sword c be melt$ 9 ! scabb>d1 & money 9 a man's pocket by lightn+1 )\t burn+ ei!r1 x mu/ be a cold fusion#dg4 #ee4 ,lightn+ r5ds "s bodies4 ,! electrical sp>k w /rike a hole ?r\gh a quire ( /rong pap]4 #ef4 ,if ! s\rce ( lightn+1 assign$ 9 ?is pap]1 be ! true "o1 !re %\ld be little ?und] he>d at sea f> f l&4 ,& accord+ly "s old sea-capta9s1 ( :om enquiry has be5 made1 d affirm1 t ! fact agrees p]fectly ) ! hypo!sis2 = t 9 cross+ ! great ocean1 !y seldom meet ) ?und] till !y come into s\nd+s2 & t ! isl&s f> f ! cont95t h v little ( x4 ,& a curi\s obs]v]1 :o liv$ ?irte5 ye>s at ,b]mudas1 says1 !re 0 less ?und] !re 9 t :ole "t ?an he has sometimes he>d 9 a mon? at ,c>ol9a4 ,,footnotes3 #dc ,an electrifi$ bump] is a small ?9 glass tumbl]1 ne>ly fill$ ) w9e1 & electrifi$ z ! bottle4 ,?is :5 br\ght to ! lips gives a %ock1 if ! p>ty be close %av$1 & does n brea? on ! liquor4--,april #bi1 #agdi4 #dd ,?und]-gu/s are sudd5 /orms ( ?und] & lightn+1 :i* are frequ5tly ( %ort duration1 b sometimes produce mis*iev\s effects4 #de ,?is 0 tri$ ) a bottle1 conta9+ ab\t a qu>t4 ,x is s9ce ?\ght t "o ( ! l>ge glass j>s1 m5tion$ 9 ^! pap]s1 might h kill$ him1 ?\gh wet4 #df ,we h s9ce fir$ spirits )\t heat+ !m1 :5 ! wea!r is w>m4 ,a little1 p\r$ into ! palm ( ! h&1 w be w>m$ suffici5tly by ! h&1 if ! _s be well rectifi$4 ,e!r takes fire mo/ readily4 #dg ,^! facts1 ?\gh relat$ 9 sev]al acc\nts1 are n[ d\bt$2 s9ce x has be5 obs]v$ t ! p>ts ( a bell-wire :i* fell on ! floor1 be+ brok5 & p>tly melt$ by lightn+1 did actually burn into ! bo>ds4 7,see ,philosophical ,transactions1 ,vol4 ,,li4 "p ,i47 ,& ,mr4 ,k9n]sley has f\nd t a f9e iron wire1 melt$ by ,electricity1 has _h ! same effect4 ,,to ,,pet] ,,coll9son1 ,,esq4 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 ,,london4 ,introductory ,lett] to "s additional ,pap]s4 ,philadelphia1 ,july #bi1 #agej4 ,,sir1 ,z y fir/ put u on electrical exp]im5ts1 by s5d+ to our ,libr>y ,company a tube1 ) directions h[ to use x2 & z our honorable ,propriet>y enabl$ u to c>ry ^? exp]im5ts to a great] height1 by 8 g5]\s pres5t ( a complete electrical app>atus2 x is fit t bo? %\ld "k1 f "t to "t1 :at progress we make4 ,x 0 9 ?is view ,i wrote & s5t y my =m] pap]s on ?is subject1 desir+1 t z ,i _h n ! hon\r ( a direct correspond5ce ) t b\ntiful b5efactor to our libr>y1 !y might be communicat$ to him ?r\gh y\r h&s4 ,9 ! same view ,i write & s5d y ?is additional pap]4 ,if x happ5s to br+ y no?+ new1 7:i* may well be1 consid]+ ! numb] ( +5i\s m5 9 ,europe1 cont9ually engag$ 9 ! same rese>*es7 at lea/ x w %ew1 t ! in/rum5ts put into our h&s are n neglect$2 & t if no valuable discov]ies are made by u1 :atev] ! cause may be1 x is n want ( indu/ry & application4 ,i am1 ,sir1 ,y\r mu* oblig$ humble ,s]vant1 ,b4 ,,frankl94 ,op9ions & ,conjectures1 conc]n+ ! ,prop]ties & ,effects ( ! electrical ,matt]1 & ! ,means ( pres]v+ ,build+s1 ,%ips1 c4 f ,lightn+1 aris+ f ,exp]im5ts & ,obs]vations made at ,philadelphia1 #agdi4--;,gold5 ,fi%4--,extraction ( effluvial ,virtues by ,electricity impracticable4 #a4 ,! electrical matt] consi/s ( p>ticles extremely subtile s9ce x c p]meate common matt]1 ev5 ! d5se/ metals1 ) su* ease & fre$om z n to receive any p]ceptible resi/ance4 #b4 ,if any "o %\ld d\bt :e!r ! electrical matt] passes ?r\gh ! sub/ance ( bodies1 or only ov] & along _! surfaces1 a %ock f an electrifi$ l>ge glass j>1 tak5 ?r\gh 8 own body1 w probably conv9ce him4 #c4 ,electrical matt] diff]s f common matt] 9 ?is1 t ! p>ts ( ! latt] mutually attract1 ^? ( ! =m] mutually repel ea* o!r4 ,h5ce ! appe>+ div]g5cy 9 a /ream ( electrifi$ effluvia4 #d4 ,b ?\gh ! p>ticles ( electrical matt] d repel ea* o!r1 !y are /rongly attract$ by all o!r matt]#dh4 #e4 ,f ^! ?ree ?+s1 ! extreme subtilty ( ! electrical matt]1 ! mutual repulsion ( its p>ts1 & ! /rong attraction betwe5 !m & o!r matt]1 arise ?is effect1 t1 :5 a quantity ( electrical matt] is appli$ to a mass ( common matt]1 ( any bigness or l5g?1 )9 our obs]vation 7:i* ha? n already got its quantity7 x is imm$iately & equally diffus$ ?r\gh ! :ole4 #f4 ,?us1 common matt] is a k9d ( spunge to ! electrical fluid4 ,& z a spunge w\ld receive no wat]1 if ! p>ts ( wat] 7 n small] ?an ! pores ( ! spunge2 & ev5 !n b sl[ly1 if !re 7 n a mutual attraction betwe5 ^? p>ts & ! p>ts ( ! spunge2 & w\ld /ill imbibe x fa/]1 if ! mutual attraction among ! p>ts ( ! wat] did n imp$e1 "s =ce be+ requir$ to sep>ate !m2 & fa/e/1 if1 in/ead ( attraction1 !re 7 a mutual repulsion among ^? p>ts1 :i* w\ld act 9 conjunction ) ! attraction ( ! spunge3 s is ! case betwe5 ! electrical & common matt]4 #g4 ,b 9 common matt] !re is 7g5]ally7 z mu* ( ! electrical z x w conta9 )9 its sub/ance4 ,if m is add$1 x lies )\t ^u ! surface1 & =ms :at we call an electrical atmosph]e2 & !n ! body is said to be electrifi$4 #h4 ,x is suppos$1 t all k9ds ( common matt] d n attract & reta9 ! electrical1 ) equal /r5g? & =ce1 = reasons to be giv5 h]eaft]4 ,& t ^? call$ electrics p] se1 z glass1 c4 attract & reta9 x /ronge/1 & conta9 ! greate/ quantity4 #i4 ,we "k t ! electrical fluid is 9 common matt]1 because we c pump x out by ! globe or tube4 ,we "k t common matt] has ne> z mu* z x c conta91 because1 :5 we add a little m to any portion ( x1 ! additional quantity does n ent]1 b =ms an electrical atmosph]e4 ,& we "k t common matt] has n 7g5]ally7 m ?an x c conta91 o!rwise all loose portions ( x w\ld repel ea* o!r1 z !y con/antly d :5 !y h electric atmosph]es4 #aj4 ,! b5eficial uses ( ?is electric fluid 9 ! creation we are n yet well acqua9t$ )1 ?\gh d\btless su* !re are1 & ^? v consid]able2 b we may see "s p]nici\s consequ5ces t w\ld att5d a mu* great] proportion ( x4 ,=1 _h ?is globe we live on1 z mu* ( x 9 proportion z we c give to a globe ( iron1 wood1 or ! l1 ! p>ticles ( du/ & o!r light matt]s t get loose f x1 w\ld1 by virtue ( _! sep>ate electrical atmosph]es1 n only repel ea* o!r1 b be repell$ f ! e>?1 & n easily be br\ght to unite ) x aga92 :5ce our air w\ld cont9ually be m & m clogg$ ) =eign matt]1 & gr[ unfit = respiration4 ,?is af=ds ano!r occasion ( ador+ t wisdom :i* has made all ?+s by weight & measure6 #aa4 ,if a piece ( common matt] be suppos$ entirely free f electrical matt]1 & a s+le p>ticle ( ! latt] be br\ght nigh1 x w be attract$1 & ent] ! body1 & take place 9 ! c5tre1 or :]e ! attraction is e way equal4 ,if m p>ticles ent]1 !y take _! places :]e ! balance is equal betwe5 ! attraction ( ! common matt]1 & _! own mutual repulsion4 ,x is suppos$ !y =m triangles1 ^: sides %ort5 z _! numb] encreases2 till ! common matt] has drawn 9 s _m1 t its :ole p[] ( compress+ ^? triangles by attraction1 is equal to _! :ole p[] ( exp&+ !mselves by repulsion2 & !n w su* piece ( matt] receive no m4 #ab4 ,:5 "p ( ?is natural proportion ( electrical fluid is tak5 out ( a piece ( common matt]1 ! triangles =m$ by ! rema9d]1 are suppos$ to wid5 by ! mutual repulsion ( ! p>ts1 until !y occupy ! :ole piece4 #ac4 ,:5 ! quantity ( electrical fluid1 tak5 f a piece ( common matt]1 is re/or$ aga91 x ent]s1 ! exp&$ triangles1 be+ aga9 compress$ till !re is room = ! :ole4 #ad4 ,to expla9 ?is3 take two apples1 or two balls ( wood or o!r matt]1 ea* hav+ its own natural quantity ( ! electrical fluid4 ,susp5d !m by silk l9es f ! ciel+4 ,apply ! wire ( a well-*>g$ vial1 held 9 y\r h&1 to "o ( !m 7,a7 ,fig4 #g1 & x w receive f ! wire a quantity ( ! electrical fluid2 b w n imbibe x1 be+ already full4 ,! fluid !re=e w fl[ r\nd its surface1 & =m an electrical atmosph]e4 ,br+ ,a into contact ) ,b1 & half ! electrical fluid is communicat$1 s t ea* has n[ an electrical atmosph]e1 & !re=e !y repel ea* o!r4 ,take away ^! atmosph]es1 by t\*+ ! balls1 & leave !m 9 _! natural /ate3 !n1 hav+ fix$ a /ick ( seal+-wax to ! middle ( ! vial to hold x by1 apply ! wire to ,a1 at ! same "t ! coat+ t\*es ,b4 ,?us w a quantity ( ! electrical fluid be drawn out ( ,b1 & ?r[n on ,a4 ,s t ,a w h a r$undance ( ?is fluid1 :i* =ms an atmosph]e r\nd1 & ,b an exactly equal defici5cy4 ,n[1 br+ ^! balls aga9 into contact1 & ! electrical atmosph]e w n be divid$ betwe5 ,a & ,b1 into two small] atmosph]es z be=e2 = ,b w dr9k up ! :ole atmosph]e ( ,a1 & bo? w be f\nd aga9 9 _! natural /ate4 #ae4 ,! =m ( ! electrical atmosph]e is t ( ! body x surr\nds4 ,?is %ape may be r5d]$ visible 9 a /ill air1 by rais+ a smoke f dry ros9 dropt into a hot tea-spoon "u ! electrifi$ body1 :i* w be attract$1 & spread itself equally on all sides1 cov]+ & conceal+ ! body#di4 ,& ?is =m x takes1 because x is attract$ by all p>ts ( ! surface ( ! body1 ?\gh x _c ent] ! sub/ance already replete4 ,)\t ?is attraction1 x w\ld n rema9 r\nd ! body1 b dissipate 9 ! air4 #af4 ,! atmosph]e ( electrical p>ticles surr\nd+ an electrifi$ sph]e1 is n m dispos$ to leave x1 or m easily drawn (f f any "o "p ( ! sph]e ?an ano!r1 because x is equally attract$ by e "p4 ,b t is n ! case ) bodies ( any o!r figure4 ,f a cube x is m easily drawn at ! corn]s ?an at ! plane sides1 & s f ! angles ( a body ( any o!r =m1 & /ill mo/ easily f ! angle t is mo/ acute4 ,?us1 if a body %ap$ z ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ,d1 ,e1 9 ,fig4 #h4 be electrifi$1 or h an electrical atmosph]e communicat$ to x1 & we consid] e side z a base on :i* ! p>ticles re/1 & by :i* !y are attract$1 "o may see1 by imag9+ a l9e f ,a to ,f1 & ano!r f ,e to ,g1 t ! portion ( ! atmosph]e includ$ 9 ,f1 ,a1 ,e1 ,g1 has ! l9e ,a1 ,e1 = its basis4 ,s ! portion ( atmosph]e includ$ 9 ,h1 ,a1 ,b1 ,i1 has ! l9e ,a ,b = its basis4 ,& likewise ! portion includ$ 9 ,k1 ,b1 ,c1 ,l1 has ,b1 ,c1 to re/ on2 & s on ! o!r side ( ! figure4 ,n[ if y w\ld draw (f ?is atmosph]e ) any blunt smoo? body1 & approa* ! middle ( ! side ,a1 ,b1 y mu/ come v ne>1 be=e ! =ce ( y\r attract] exce$s ! =ce or p[] ) :i* t side holds its atmosph]e4 ,b !re is a small portion betwe5 ,i1 ,b1 ,k1 t has less ( ! surface to re/ on1 & to be attract$ by1 ?an ! neighb\r+ portions1 :ile at ! same "t !re is a mutual repulsion betwe5 its p>ticles1 & ! p>ticles ( ^? portions1 !re=e "h y c get x ) m ease1 or at a great] di/ance4 ,betwe5 ,f1 ,a1 ,h1 !re is a l>g] portion t has yet a less surface to re/ on1 & to attract x2 "h1 !re=e1 y c get x away /ill m easily4 ,b easie/ ( all betwe5 ,l1 ,c1 ,m1 :]e ! quantity is l>ge/1 & ! surface to attract & keep x back ! lea/4 ,:5 y h drawn away "o ( ^! angul> portions ( ! fluid1 ano!r succe$s 9 its place1 f ! nature ( fluidity1 & ! mutual repulsion be=e-m5tion$2 & s ! atmosph]e cont9ues fl[+ (f at su* angle1 l a /ream1 till no m is rema9+4 ,! extremities ( ! portions ( atmosph]e ov] ^! angul> p>ts1 are likewise at a great] di/ance f ! electrifi$ body1 z may be se5 by ! inspection ( ! above figure2 ! po9t ( ! atmosph]e ( ! angle ,c1 be+ mu* f>!r f ,c1 ?an any o!r "p ( ! atmosph]e ov] ! l9es ,c1 ,b1 or ,b1 ,a3 &1 besides ! di/ance aris+ f ! nature ( ! figure1 :]e ! attraction is less1 ! p>ticles w naturally exp& to a great] di/ance by _! mutual repulsion4 ,on ^! acc\nts we suppose electrifi$ bodies dis*>ge _! atmosph]es ^u unelectrifi$ bodies m easily1 & at a great] di/ance f _! angles & po9ts ?an f _! smoo? sides4--,^? po9ts w also dis*>ge into ! air1 :5 ! body has too great an electrical atmosph]e1 )\t br++ any non-electric ne>1 to receive :at is ?r[n (f3 ,= ! air1 ?\gh an electric p] se1 yet has always m or less wat] & o!r non-electric matt]s mix$ ) x3 & ^! attract & receive :at is s dis*>g$4 #ag4 ,b po9ts h a prop]ty1 by :i* !y draw on z well z ?r[ (f ! electrical fluid1 at great] di/ances ?an blunt bodies c4 ,t is1 z ! po9t$ "p ( an electrifi$ body w dis*>ge ! atmosph]e ( t body1 or communicate x f>!/ to ano!r body1 s ! po9t ( an unelectrifi$ body w draw (f ! electrical atmosph]e f an electrifi$ body1 f>!r ?an a blunt] "p ( ! same unelectrifi$ body w d4 ,?us1 a p9 held by ! head1 & ! po9t pres5t$ to an electrifi$ body1 w draw (f its atmosph]e at a foot di/ance2 :]e1 if ! head 7 pres5t$ in/ead ( ! po9t1 no su* effect w\ld foll[4 ,to und]/& ?is1 we may consid]1 t if a p]son /&+ on ! floor w\ld draw (f ! electrical atmosph]e f an electrifi$ body1 an iron cr[ & a blunt knitt+-ne$le held alt]nately 9 8 h&1 & pres5t$ = t purpose1 d n draw ) diff]5t =ces 9 proportion to _! diff]5t masses4 ,= ! man1 & :at he holds 9 8 h&1 be x l>ge or small1 are connect$ ) ! common mass ( unelectrifi$ matt]2 & ! =ce ) :i* he draws is ! same 9 bo? cases1 x consi/+ 9 ! diff]5t proportion ( electricity 9 ! electrifi$ body1 & t common mass4 ,b ! =ce ) :i* ! electrifi$ body reta9s its atmosph]e by attract+ x1 is proportion$ to ! surface ov] :i* ! p>ticles are plac$2 i4 e4 f\r squ>e in*es ( t surface reta9 _! atmosph]e ) f\r times ! =ce t "o squ>e in* reta9s its atmosph]e4 ,& z 9 pluck+ ! hairs f ! horse's tail1 a degree ( /r5g? n suffici5t to pull away a h&ful at once1 c\ld yet easily /rip x hair by hair2 s a blunt body pres5t$ _c draw (f a numb] ( p>ticles at once1 b a po9t$ "o1 ) no great] =ce1 takes !m away easily1 p>ticle by p>ticle4 #ah4 ,^! explanations ( ! p[] & op]ation ( po9ts1 :5 !y fir/ occurr$ to me1 & :ile !y fir/ float$ 9 my m9d1 appe>$ p]fectly satisfactory2 b n[ ,i h writt5 !m1 & consid]$ !m m closely1 ,i mu/ own ,i h "s d\bts ab\t !m2 yet1 z ,i h at pres5t no?+ bett] to (f] 9 _! /ead1 ,i d n cross !m out3 =1 ev5 a bad solution read1 & its faults discov]$1 has (t5 giv5 rise to a good "o1 9 ! m9d ( an +5i\s read]4 #ai4 ,nor is x ( mu* importance to u to "k ! mann] 9 :i* nature executes h] laws2 x is en\gh if we "k ! laws !mselves4 ,x is ( real use to "k t *9a left 9 ! air unsupport$ w fall & break2 b h[ x comes to fall & :y x breaks are matt]s ( speculation4 ,x is a pleasure inde$ to "k !m1 b we c pres]ve our *9a )\t x4 #bj4 ,?us 9 ! pres5t case1 to "k ?is p[] ( po9ts may possibly be ( "s use to mank9d1 ?\gh we %\ld nev] be able to expla9 x4 ,! foll[+ exp]im5ts1 z well z ^? 9 my fir/ pap]1 %[ ?is p[]4 ,i h a l>ge prime conductor1 made ( sev]al ?9 %eets ( clo?i]'s pa/ebo>d1 =m$ into a tube1 ne> t5 feet long & a foot diamet]4 ,x is cov]$ ) ,dut* emboss$-pap]1 almo/ totally gilt4 ,?is l>ge metallic surface supports a mu* great] electrical atmosph]e ?an a rod ( iron ( #ej times ! weight w\ld d4 ,x is susp5d$ by silk l9es1 & :5 *>g$ w /rike1 at ne> two in*es di/ance1 a pretty h>d /roke1 s z to make ones knuckle a*4 ,let a p]son /&+ on ! floor pres5t ! po9t ( a ne$le at #ab or m in*es di/ance f x1 & :ile ! ne$le is s pres5t$1 ! conductor _c be *>g$1 ! po9t draw+ (f ! fire z fa/ z x is ?r[n on by ! electrical globe4 ,let x be *>g$1 & !n pres5t ! po9t at ! same di/ance1 & x w sudd5ly be dis*>g$4 ,9 ! d>k y may see ! light on ! po9t1 :5 ! exp]im5t is made4 ,& if ! p]son hold+ ! po9t /&s ^u wax1 he w be electrifi$ by receiv+ ! fire at t di/ance4 ,attempt to draw (f ! electricity ) a blunt body1 z a bolt ( iron r\nd at ! end1 & smoo? 7a silv]smi?'s iron pun*1 in* ?ick1 is :at ,i use7 & y mu/ br+ x )9 ! di/ance ( ?ree in*es be=e y c d x1 & !n x is done ) a /roke & crack4 ,z ! pa/ebo>d tube hangs loose on silk l9es1 :5 y approa* x ) ! pun*-iron1 x likewise w move t[>ds ! pun*1 be+ attract$ :ile x is *>g$2 b if1 at ! same in/ant1 a po9t be pres5t$ z be=e1 x retires aga91 = ! po9t dis*>ges x4 ,take a pair ( l>ge brass scales1 ( two or m feet beam1 ! cords ( ! scales be+ silk4 ,susp5d ! beam by a pack-?read f ! ciel+1 s t ! bottom ( ! scales may be ab\t a foot f ! floor3 ! scales w move r\nd 9 a circle by ! untwi/+ ( ! pack-?read4 ,set ! iron pun* on ! end ^u ! floor1 9 su* a place z t ! scales may pass ov] x 9 mak+ _! circle3 !n electrify "o scale1 by apply+ ! wire ( a *>g$ phial to x4 ,z !y move r\nd1 y see t scale draw nigh] to ! floor1 & dip m :5 x comes ov] ! pun*2 & if t be plac$ at a prop] di/ance1 ! scale w snap & dis*>ge its fire into x4 ,b if a ne$le be /uck on ! end ( ! pun*1 its po9t upw>ds1 ! scale1 in/ead ( draw+ nigh to ! pun*1 & snapp+1 dis*>ges its fire sil5tly ?r\gh ! po9t1 & rises high] f ! pun*4 ,nay1 ev5 if ! ne$le be plac$ ^u ! floor ne> ! pun*1 its po9t upw>ds1 ! end ( ! pun*1 ?\gh s mu* high] ?an ! ne$le1 w n attract ! scale & receive its fire1 = ! ne$le w get x & convey x away1 be=e x comes nigh en\gh = ! pun* to act4 ,& ?is is con/antly obs]vable 9 ^! exp]im5ts1 t ! great] quantity ( electricity on ! pa/ebo>d-tube1 ! f>!r x /rikes or dis*>ges its fire1 & ! po9t likewise w draw x (f at a /ill great] di/ance4 ,n[ if ! fire ( electricity & t ( lightn+ be ! same1 z ,i h endeav\r$ to %ew at l>ge1 9 a =m] pap]1 ?is pa/ebo>d tube & ^! scales may repres5t electrifi$ cl\ds4 ,if a tube ( only t5 feet long w /rike & dis*>ge its fire on ! pun* at two or ?ree in*es di/ance1 an electrifi$ cl\d ( p]haps #aj1jjj acres may /rike & dis*>ge on ! e>? at a proportionably great] di/ance4 ,! horizontal motion ( ! scales ov] ! floor1 may repres5t ! motion ( ! cl\ds ov] ! e>?2 & ! erect iron pun*1 a hill or high build+2 & !n we see h[ electrifi$ cl\ds pass+ ov] hills or high build+s at too great a height to /rike1 may be attract$ l[] till )9 _! /rik+ di/ance4 ,& la/ly1 if a ne$le fix$ on ! pun* ) its po9t upright1 or ev5 on ! floor bel[ ! pun*1 w draw ! fire f ! scale sil5tly at a mu* great] ?an ! /rik+ di/ance1 & s prev5t its desc5d+ t[>ds ! pun*2 or if 9 its c\rse x w\ld h come nigh en\gh to /rike1 yet be+ fir/ depriv$ ( its fire x _c1 & ! pun* is !reby secur$ f ! /roke2 ,i say1 if ^! ?+s are s1 may n ! k ( ?is p[] ( po9ts be ( use to mank9d1 9 pres]v+ h\ses1 *ur*es1 %ips1 c4 f ! /roke ( lightn+1 by direct+ u to fix on ! highe/ p>ts ( ^? edifices1 upright rods ( iron made %>p z a ne$le1 & gilt to prev5t ru/+1 & f ! foot ( ^? rods a wire d[n ! outside ( ! build+ into ! gr\nd1 or d[n r\nd "o ( ! %r\ds ( a %ip1 & d[n h] side till x rea*es ! wat]8 ,w\ld n ^! po9t$ rods probably draw ! electrical fire sil5tly out ( a cl\d be=e x came nigh en\gh to /rike1 & !reby secure u f t mo/ sudd5 & t]rible mis*ief8 #ba4 ,to det]m9e ! "q1 :e!r ! cl\ds t conta9 lightn+ are electrifi$ or n1 ,i w\ld propose an exp]im5t to be tri$ :]e x may be done conv5i5tly4 ,on ! top ( "s high t[] or /eeple1 place a k9d ( c5try-box 7z 9 ,,fig4 #i7 big en\gh to conta9 a man & an electrical /&4 ,f ! middle ( ! /& let an iron rod rise & pass b5d+ out ( ! door1 & !n upright #bj or #cj feet1 po9t$ v %>p at ! end4 ,if ! electrical /& be kept clean & dry1 a man /&+ on x1 :5 su* cl\ds are pass+ l[1 might be electrifi$ & af=d sp>ks1 ! rod draw+ fire to him f a cl\d4 ,if any dang] to ! man %\ld be appreh5d$ 7?\gh ,i ?9k !re w\ld be none7 let him /& on ! floor ( 8 box1 & n[ & !n br+ ne> to ! rod ! loop ( a wire t has "o end fa/5$ to ! leads1 he hold+ x by a wax h&le2 s ! sp>ks1 if ! rod is electrifi$1 w /rike f ! rod to ! wire1 & n affect him4 #bb4 ,be=e ,i leave ?is subject ( lightn+1 ,i may m5tion "s o!r simil>ities betwe5 ! effects ( t1 & ^? ( electricity4 ,lightn+ has (t5 be5 kn[n to /rike p bl9d4 ,a pigeon t we /ruck dead to appe>ance by ! electrical %ock1 recov]+ life1 droop$ ab\t ! y>d sev]al days1 eat no?+1 ?\gh crumbs 7 ?r[n to x1 b decl9$ & di$4 ,we did n ?9k ( its be+ depriv$ ( sight2 b aft]w>ds a pullet1 /ruck dead 9 l mann]1 be+ recov]$ by repeat$ly bl[+ into its lungs1 :5 set d[n on ! floor1 ran headlong aga9/ ! wall1 & on exam9ation appe>$ p]fectly bl9d4 ,h5ce we conclud$ t ! pigeon also _h be5 absolutely bl9d$ by ! %ock4 ,! bigge/ animal we h yet kill$1 or tri$ to kill1 ) ! electrical /roke1 0 a well-gr[n pullet4 #bc4 ,read+ 9 ! +5i\s ,dr4 ,miles's acc\nt ( ! ?und]-/orm at ,/re?am1 ! effect ( ! lightn+ 9 /ripp+ (f all ! pa9t t _h cov]$ a gilt m\ld+ ( a pannel ( wa9scot1 )\t hurt+ ! re/ ( ! pa9t1 ,i _h a m9d to lay a coat ( pa9t ov] ! fillett+ ( gold on ! cov] ( a book1 & try ! effect ( a /rong electrical fla% s5t ?r\gh t gold f a *>g$ %eet ( glass4 ,b hav+ no pa9t at h&1 ,i pa/$ a n>r[ /rip ( pap] ov] x2 & :5 dry1 s5t ! fla% ?r\gh ! gild+1 by :i* ! pap] 0 torn (f f end to end1 ) su* =ce1 t x 0 broke 9 sev]al places1 & 9 o!rs br\ght away "p ( ! gra9 ( ! ,turky-lea!r 9 :i* x 0 b\nd2 & conv9c$ me1 t _h x be5 pa9t$1 ! pa9t w\ld h be5 /ript (f 9 ! same mann] ) t on ! wa9scot at ,/re?am4 #bd4 ,lightn+ melts metals1 & ,i h9t$ 9 my pap] on t subject1 t ,i suspect$ x to be a cold fusion2 ,i d n mean a fusion by =ce ( cold1 b a fusion )\t heat#ej4 ,we h also melt$ gold1 silv]1 & copp]1 9 small quantities1 by ! electrical fla%4 ,! mann] is ?is3 ,take leaf-gold1 leaf-silv]1 or leaf-gilt copp]1 commonly call$ leaf-brass1 or ,dut* gold2 cut (f f ! leaf long n>r[ /rips1 ! bread? ( a /raw4 ,place "o ( ^! /rips betwe5 two /rips ( smoo? glass t are ab\t ! wid? ( y\r f+]4 ,if "o /rip ( gold1 ! l5g? ( ! leaf1 be n long en\gh = ! glass1 add ano!r to ! end ( x1 s t y may h a little "p hang+ out loose at ea* end ( ! glass4 ,b9d ! pieces ( glass toge!r f end to end ) /rong silk ?read2 !n place x s z to be "p ( an electrical circuit1 7! ends ( gold hang+ out be+ ( use to jo9 ) ! o!r p>ts ( ! circuit7 & s5d ! fla% ?r\gh x1 f a l>ge electrifi$ j> or %eet ( glass4 ,!n if y\r /rips ( glass rema9 :ole1 y w see t ! gold is miss+ 9 sev]al places1 & in/ead ( x a metallic /a9 on bo? ! glasses2 ! /a9s on ! upp] & "u glass exactly simil> 9 ! m9ute/ /roke1 z may be se5 by hold+ !m to ! light2 ! metal appe>$ to h be5 n only melt$1 b ev5 vitrifi$1 or o!rwise s driv5 into ! pores ( ! glass1 z to be protect$ by x f ! action ( ! /ronge/ aqua =tis1 or aqua regia4 ,i s5d y enclos$ two little pieces ( glass ) ^! metallic /a9s ^u !m1 :i* _c be remov$ )\t tak+ "p ( ! glass ) !m4 ,sometimes ! /a9 spreads a little wid] ?an ! bread? ( ! leaf1 & looks bright] at ! edge1 z by inspect+ closely y may obs]ve 9 ^!4 ,sometimes ! glass breaks to pieces2 once ! upp] glass broke into a ?\s& pieces1 look+ l co>se salt4 ,! pieces ,i s5d y 7 /a9$ ) ,dut* gold4 ,true gold makes a d>k] /a91 some:at r$di%2 silv]1 a gre5i% /a94 ,we once took two pieces ( ?ick look+-glass1 z broad z a ,gunt]'s scale1 & six in*es long2 & plac+ leaf-gold betwe5 !m1 put !m betwe5 two smoo?ly-pla9$ pieces ( wood1 & fix$ !m tight 9 a book-b9d]'s small press2 yet ?\gh !y 7 s closely conf9$1 ! =ce ( ! electrical %ock %iv]$ ! glass into _m pieces4 ,! gold 0 melt$1 & /a9$ into ! glass1 z usual4 ,! circum/ances ( ! break+ ( ! glass diff] mu* 9 mak+ ! exp]im5t1 & sometimes x does n break at all3 b ?is is con/ant1 t ! /a9s 9 ! upp] & "u pieces are exact c\nt]p>ts ( ea* o!r4 ,& ?\gh ,i h tak5 up ! pieces ( glass betwe5 my f+]s imm$iately aft] ?is melt+1 ,i nev] c\ld p]ceive ! lea/ w>m? 9 !m4 #be4 ,9 "o ( my =m] pap]s1 ,i m5tion$1 t gild+ on a book1 ?\gh at fir/ x communicat$ ! %ock p]fectly well1 yet fail$ aft] a few exp]im5ts1 :i* we c\ld n acc\nt =4 ,we h s9ce f\nd t "o /rong %ock breaks ! cont9uity ( ! gold 9 ! fillett+1 & makes x look r l du/ ( gold1 abundance ( its p>ts be+ brok5 & driv5 (f2 & x w seldom conduct above "o /rong %ock4 ,p]haps ?is may be ! reason3 ,:5 !re is n a p]fect cont9uity 9 ! circuit1 ! fire mu/ leap ov] ! vacancies3 !re is a c]ta9 di/ance :i* x is able to leap ov] accord+ to its /r5g?2 if a numb] ( small vacancies1 ?\gh ea* be v m9ute1 tak5 toge!r exce$ t di/ance1 x _c leap ov] !m1 & s ! %ock is prev5t$4 #bf4 ,f ! be=e-m5tion$ law ( electricity1 t po9ts z !y are m or less acute1 draw on & ?r[ (f ! electrical fluid ) m or less p[]1 & at great] or less di/ances1 & 9 l>g] or small] quantities 9 ! same "t1 we may see h[ to acc\nt = ! situation ( ! leaf ( gold susp5d$ betwe5 two plates1 ! upp] "o cont9ually electrifi$1 ! "u "o 9 a p]son's h& /&+ on ! floor4 ,:5 ! upp] plate is electrifi$1 ! leaf is attract$1 & rais$ t[>ds x1 & w\ld fly to t plate1 7 x n = its own po9ts4 ,! corn] t happ5s to be upp]mo/ :5 ! leaf is ris+1 be+ a %>p po9t1 f ! extreme ?9ness ( ! gold1 draws & receives at a di/ance a suffici5t quantity ( ! electric fluid to give itself an electric atmosph]e1 by :i* its progress to ! upp] plate is /opp$1 & x beg9s to be repell$ f t plate1 & w\ld be driv5 back to ! "u plate1 b t its l[e/ corn] is likewise a po9t1 & ?r[s (f or dis*>ges ! ov]plus ( ! leaf's atmosph]e1 z fa/ z ! upp] corn] draws x on4 ,7 ^! two po9ts p]fectly equal 9 acut5ess1 ! leaf w\ld take place exactly 9 ! middle space1 = its weight is a trifle comp>$ to ! p[] act+ on x3 b x is g5]ally ne>e/ ! unelectrifi$ plate1 because1 :5 ! leaf is (f]$ to ! electrifi$ plate1 at a di/ance1 ! %>pe/ po9t is commonly fir/ affect$ & rais$ t[>ds x2 s t po9t1 f its great] acut5ess1 receiv+ ! fluid fa/] ?an its opposite c dis*>ge x at equal di/ances1 x retires f ! electrifi$ plate1 & draws ne>] to ! unelectrifi$ plate1 till x comes to a di/ance :]e ! dis*>ge c be exactly equal to ! receipt1 ! latt] be+ less5$1 & ! =m] encreas$2 & !re x rema9s z long z ! globe cont9ues to supply fre% electrical matt]4 ,?is w appe> pla91 :5 ! diff]5ce ( acut5ess 9 ! corn]s is made v great4 ,cut a piece ( ,dut* gold1 7:i* is fitte/ = ^! exp]im5ts on acc\nt ( its great /r5g?7 into ! =m ( ,,fig4 #aj1 ! upp] corn] a "r angle1 ! two next obtuse angles1 & ! l[e/ a v acute "o2 & br+ ?is on y\r plate "u ! electrifi$ plate1 9 su* a mann] z t ! "r-angl$ "p may be fir/ rais$ 7:i* is done by cov]+ ! acute "p ) ! holl[ ( y\r h&7 & y w see ?is leaf take place mu* ne>] to ! upp] ?an ! "u plate2 because )\t be+ ne>]1 x _c receive s fa/ at its "r-angl$ po9t1 z x c dis*>ge at its acute "o4 ,turn ?is leaf ) ! acute "p upp]mo/1 & !n x takes place ne>e/ ! unelectrifi$ plate2 because1 o!rwise1 x receives fa/] at its acute po9t1 ?an x c dis*>ge at its "r-angl$ "o4 ,?us ! diff]5ce ( di/ance is always proportion$ to ! diff]5ce ( acut5ess4 ,take c>e 9 cutt+ y\r leaf1 to leave no little ragg$ p>ticles on ! edges1 :i* sometimes =m po9ts :]e y w\ld n h !m4 ,y may make ?is figure s acute bel[1 & blunt above1 z to ne$ no "u plate1 x dis*>g+ fa/ en\gh into ! air4 ,:5 x is made n>r[]1 z ! figure betwe5 ! prick$ l9es1 we call x ! gold5 fi%1 f its mann] ( act+4 ,= if y take x by ! tail1 & hold x at a foot or great] horizontal di/ance f ! prime conductor1 x w1 :5 let g1 fly to x ) a brisk b wav]+ motion1 l t ( an eel ?r\gh ! wat]2 x w !n take place "u ! prime conductor1 at p]haps a qu>t] or half an in* di/ance1 & keep a cont9ual %ak+ ( its tail l a fi%1 s t x seems animat$4 ,turn its tail t[>ds ! prime conductor1 & !n x flies to y\r f+]1 & seems to nibble x4 ,& if y hold a plate "u x at six or eight in*es di/ance1 & cease turn+ ! globe :5 ! electrical atmosph]e ( ! conductor gr[s small1 x w desc5d to ! plate & swim back aga9 sev]al times ) ! same fi%-l motion1 greatly to ! ent]ta9m5t ( spectators4 ,by a little practice 9 blunt+ or %>p5+ ! heads or tails ( ^! figures1 y may make !m take place z desir$1 ne>] or f>!r f ! electrifi$ plate4 #bg4 ,x is said 9 ,section #h1 ( ?is pap]1 t all k9ds ( common matt] are suppos$ n to attract ! electrical fluid ) equal /r5g?2 & t ^? call$ electrics p] se1 z glass1 c4 attract & reta9 x /ronge/1 & conta9 ! greate/ quantity4 ,?is latt] position may seem a p>adox to "s1 be+ contr>y to ! hi!rto receiv$ op9ion2 & !re=e ,i %all n[ endeav\r to expla9 x4 #bh4 ,9 ord] to ?is1 let x fir/ be consid]$1 t we _c by any means we are yet acqua9t$ )1 =ce ! electrical fluid ?r\gh glass4 ,i "k x is commonly ?\ght t x easily p]vades glass2 & ! exp]im5t ( a fea!r susp5d$ by a ?read1 9 a bottle h]metically seal$1 yet mov$ by br++ a rubb$ tube ne> ! outside ( ! bottle1 is alleg$ to prove x4 ,b1 if ! electrical fluid s easily p]vades glass1 h[ does ! phial become *>g$ 7z we t]m x7 :5 we hold x 9 our h&s8 ,w\ld n ! fire1 ?r[n 9 by ! wire1 pass ?r\gh to our h&s1 & s escape into ! floor8 ,w\ld n ! bottle 9 t case be left j z we f\nd x1 un*>g$1 z we "k a metal bottle s attempt$ to be *>g$ w\ld be8 ,inde$1 if !re be ! lea/ crack1 ! m9ute/ solution ( cont9uity 9 ! glass1 ?\gh x rema9s s tight t no?+ else we "k ( w pass1 yet ! extremely subtile electric fluid flies ?r\gh su* a crack ) ! greate/ fre$om1 & su* a bottle we "k c nev] be *>g$3 :at !n makes ! diff]5ce betwe5 su* a bottle & "o t is s\nd1 b ?is1 t ! fluid c pass ?r\gh ! "o1 & n ?r\gh ! o!r#ea8 #bi4 ,x is true1 !re is an exp]im5t t at fir/ sight w\ld be apt to satisfy a slight obs]v]1 t ! fire1 ?r[n into ! bottle by ! wire1 does really pass ?r\gh ! glass4 ,x is ?is3 place ! bottle on a glass /&1 "u ! prime conductor1 susp5d a bullet by a *a9 f ! prime conductor1 till x comes )9 a qu>t] ( an in* "r ov] ! wire ( ! bottle2 place y\r knuckle on ! glass /&1 at j ! same di/ance f ! coat+ ( ! bottle1 z ! bullet is f its wire4 ,n[ let ! globe be turn$1 & y see a sp>k /rike f ! bullet to ! wire ( ! bottle1 & ! same in/ant y see & feel an exactly equal sp>k /rik+ f ! coat+ on y\r knuckle1 & s on1 sp>k = sp>k4 ,?is looks z if ! :ole receiv$ by ! bottle 0 aga9 dis*>g$ f x4 ,& yet ! bottle by ?is means is *>g$#eb6 ,& !re=e ! fire t ?us leaves ! bottle1 ?\gh ! same 9 quantity1 _c be ! v same fire t ent]$ at ! wire1 = if x 71 ! bottle w\ld rema9 un*>g$4 #cj4 ,if ! fire t s leaves ! bottle be n ! same t is ?r[n 9 ?r\gh ! wire1 x mu/ be fire t subsi/$ 9 ! bottle 7t is1 9 ! glass ( ! bottle7 be=e ! op]ation began4 #ca4 ,if s1 !re mu/ be a great quantity 9 glass1 because a great quantity is ?us dis*>g$1 ev5 f v ?9 glass4 #cb4 ,t ?is electrical fluid or fire is /rongly attract$ by glass1 we "k f ! quickness & viol5ce ) :i* x is resum$ by ! "p t _h be5 depriv$ ( x1 :5 !re is an opportunity4 ,& by ?is1 t we _c f a mass ( glass1 draw a quantity ( electric fire1 or electrify ! :ole mass m9us1 z we c a mass ( metal4 ,we _c less5 or increase its :ole quantity1 = ! quantity x has x holds2 & x has z mu* z x c hold4 ,its pores are fill$ ) x z full z ! mutual repell5cy ( ! p>ticles w admit2 & :at is already 91 refuses1 or /rongly repels1 any additional quantity4 ,nor h we any way ( mov+ ! electrical fluid 9 glass1 b "o2 t is1 by cov]+ "p ( ! two surfaces ( ?9 glass ) non-electrics1 & !n ?r[+ an additional quantity ( ?is fluid on "o surface1 :i* spread+ 9 ! non-electric1 & be+ b\nd by x to t surface1 acts by its repell+ =ce on ! p>ticles ( ! electrical fluid conta9$ 9 ! o!r surface1 & drives !m out ( ! glass into ! non-electric on t side f :5ce !y are dis*>g$1 & !n ^? add$ on ! *>g$ side c ent]4 ,b :5 ?is is done1 !re is no m 9 ! glass1 nor less ?an be=e1 j z mu* hav+ left x on "o side z x receiv$ on ! o!r4 #cc4 ,i feel a want ( t]ms "h1 & d\bt mu* :e!r ,i %all be able to make ?is "p intelligible4 ,by ! ^w surface1 9 ?is case1 ,i d n mean m]e l5g? & bread? )\t ?ickness2 b :5 ,i speak ( ! upp] or "u surface ( a piece ( glass1 ! out] or inn] surface ( ! phial1 ,i mean l5g?1 bread?1 & half ! ?ickness1 & beg ! fav\r ( be+ s und]/ood4 ,n[ ,i suppose1 t glass 9 its fir/ pr9ciples1 & 9 ! furnace1 has no m ( ?is electrical fluid ?an o!r common matt]3 t :5 x is bl[n1 z x cools1 & ! p>ticles ( common fire leave x1 its pores become a vacuum3 t ! compon5t p>ts ( glass are extremely small & f9e1 ,i guess f its nev] %[+ a r\gh face :5 x breaks1 b always a poli%2 & f ! smallness ( its p>ticles ,i suppose ! pores betwe5 !m mu/ be exce$+ly small1 :i* is ! reason t aqua-=tis1 nor any o!r m5/ruum we h1 c ent] to sep>ate !m & dissolve ! sub/ance2 nor is any fluid we "k (1 f9e en\gh to ent]1 except common fire1 & ! electric fluid4 ,n[ ! dep>t+ fire1 leav+ a vacuum1 z a=esaid1 betwe5 ^! pores1 :i* air nor wat] are f9e en\gh to ent] & fill1 ! electric fluid 7:i* is e :]e ready 9 :at we call ! non-electrics1 & 9 ! non-electric mixtures t are 9 ! air7 is attract$ 92 yet does n become fix$ ) ! sub/ance ( ! glass1 b subsi/s !re z wat] 9 a por\s /one1 reta9$ only by ! attraction ( ! fix$ p>ts1 itself /ill loose & a fluid4 ,b ,i suppose f>!r1 t 9 ! cool+ ( ! glass1 its texture becomes close/ 9 ! middle1 & =ms a k9d ( p>tition1 9 :i* ! pores are s n>r[1 t ! p>ticles ( ! electrical fluid1 :i* ent] bo? surfaces at ! same "t1 _c g ?r\gh1 or pass & repass f "o surface to ! o!r1 & s mix toge!r2 yet1 ?\gh ! p>ticles ( electric fluid1 imbib$ by ea* surface1 _c !mselves pass ?r\gh to ^? ( ! o!r1 _! repell5cy c1 & by ?is means !y act on "o ano!r4 ,! p>ticles ( ! electric fluid h a mutual repell5cy1 b by ! p[] ( attraction 9 ! glass !y are cond5s$ or =c$ ne>] to ea* o!r4 ,:5 ! glass has receiv$1 &1 by its attraction1 =c$ clos] toge!r s mu* ( ?is electric fluid1 z t ! p[] ( attract+ & cond5s+ 9 ! "o1 is equal to ! p[] ( expansion 9 ! o!r1 x c imbibe no m1 & t rema9s its con/ant :ole quantity2 b ea* surface w\ld receive m1 if ! repell5cy ( :at is 9 ! opposite surface did n resi/ its entrance4 ,! quantities ( ?is fluid 9 ea* surface be+ equal1 _! repell+ action on ea* o!r is equal2 & !re=e ^? ( "o surface _c drive out ^? ( ! o!r2 b1 if a great] quantity is =c$ into "o surface ?an ! glass w\ld naturally draw 91 ?is increases ! repell+ p[] on t side1 & ov]p[]+ ! attraction on ! o!r1 drives out "p ( ! fluid t _h be5 imbib$ by t surface1 if !re be any non-electric ready to receive x3 su* !re is 9 all cases :]e glass is electrifi$ to give a %ock4 ,! surface t has be5 ?us empti$1 by hav+ its electrical fluid driv5 out1 resumes aga9 an equal quantity ) viol5ce1 z soon z ! glass has an opportunity to dis*>ge t ov] quantity m ?an x c\ld reta9 by attraction 9 its o!r surface1 by ! additional repell5cy ( :i* ! vacuum _h be5 occasion$4 ,= exp]im5ts fav\r+ 7if ,i may n say confirm+7 ?is hypo!sis1 ,i mu/1 to avoid repetition1 beg leave to ref] y back to :at is said ( ! electrical phial 9 my =m] pap]s4 #cd4 ,let u n[ see h[ x w acc\nt = sev]al o!r appe>ances4--,glass1 a body extremely ela/ic1 7& p]haps its ela/icity may be ow+ 9 "s degree to ! subsi/+ ( s great a quantity ( ?is repell+ fluid 9 its pores7 mu/1 :5 rubb$1 h its rubb$ surface some:at /ret*$1 or its solid p>ts drawn a little f>!r asund]1 s t ! vacancies 9 :i* ! electrical fluid resides1 become l>g]1 af=d+ room = m ( t fluid1 :i* is imm$iately attract$ into x f ! cu%ion or h& rubb+1 !y be+ suppli$ f ! common /ock4 ,b ! in/ant ! p>ts ( ! glass s op5$ & fill$1 h pass$ ! friction1 !y close aga91 & =ce ! additional quantity out ^u ! surface1 :]e x mu/ re/ till t "p comes r\nd to ! cu%ion aga91 unless "s non-electric 7z ! prime conductor1 fir/ pres5ts to receive x#ec74 ,b if ! inside ( ! globe be l9$ ) a non-electric1 ! additional repell5cy ( ! electrical fluid1 ?us collect$ by friction on ! rubb$ "p ( ! globe's out] surface1 drives an equal quantity out ( ! inn] surface into t non-electric l9+1 :i* receiv+ x1 & c>ry+ x away f ! rubb$ "p into ! common mass1 ?r\gh ! axis ( ! globe1 & frame ( ! ma*9e1 ! new collect$ electrical fluid c ent] & rema9 9 ! out] surface1 & none ( x 7or a v little7 w be receiv$ by ! prime conductor4 ,z ?is *>g$ "p ( ! globe comes r\nd to ! cu%ion aga91 ! out] surface deliv]s its ov]plus fire into ! cu%ion1 ! opposite inn] surface receiv+ at ! same "t an equal quantity f ! floor4 ,e electrician kn[s t a globe wet )9 w af=d little or no fire1 b ! reason has n be=e be5 attempt$ to be giv51 t ,i "k (4 #cd4 ,s if a tube l9$ ) a non-electric be rubb$#ed1 little or no fire is obta9$ f x2 :at is collect$ f ! h&1 9 ! d[nw>d rubb+ /roke1 ent]+ ! pores ( ! glass1 & driv+ an equal quantity out ( ! inn] surface into ! non-electric l9+3 & ! h& 9 pass+ up to take a second /roke1 takes out aga9 :at _h be5 ?r[n into ! out] surface1 & !n ! inn] surface receives back aga9 :at x _h giv5 to ! non-electric l9+4 ,?us ! p>ticles ( electrical fluid belong+ to ! inside surface g 9 & out ( _! pores e /roke giv5 to ! tube4 ,put a wire into ! tube1 ! inw>d end 9 contact ) ! non-electric l9+1 s x w repres5t ! ,leyd5 bottle4 ,let a second p]son t\* ! wire :ile y rub1 & ! fire driv5 out ( ! inw>d surface :5 y give ! /roke1 w pass ?r\gh him into ! common mass1 & return ?r\gh him :5 ! inn] surface resumes its quantity1 & !re=e ?is new k9d ( ,leyd5 bottle _c be s *>g$4 ,b ?us x may3 aft] e /roke1 be=e y pass y\r h& up to make ano!r1 let a second p]son apply 8 f+] to ! wire1 take ! sp>k1 & !n )draw 8 f+]2 & s on till he has drawn a numb] ( sp>ks2 ?us w ! inn] surface be exhau/$1 & ! out] surface *>g$2 !n wrap a %eet ( gilt pap] close r\nd ! out] surface1 & grasp+ x 9 y\r h& y may receive a %ock by apply+ ! f+] ( ! o!r h& to ! wire3 = n[ ! vacant pores 9 ! inn] surface resume _! quantity1 & ! ov]*>g$ pores 9 ! out] surface dis*>ge t ov]plus2 ! equilibrium be+ re/or$ ?r\gh y\r body1 :i* c\ld n be re/or$ ?r\gh ! glass#ee4 ,if ! tube be exhau/$ ( air1 a non-electric l9+1 9 contact ) ! wire1 is n necess>y2 = 9 vacuo ! electrical fire w fly freely f ! inn] surface1 )\t a non-electric conductor3 b air resi/s 9 motion2 = be+ itself an electric p] se1 x does n attract x1 hav+ already its quantity4 ,s ! air nev] draws (f an electric atmosph]e f any body1 b 9 proportion to ! non-electrics mix$ ) x3 x r keeps su* an atmosph]e conf9$1 :i*1 f ! mutual repulsion ( its p>ticles1 t5ds to dissipation1 & w\ld imm$iately dissipate 9 vacuo4--,& ?us ! exp]im5t ( ! fea!r inclos$ 9 a glass vessel h]metically seal$1 b mov+ on ! approa* ( ! rubb$ tube1 is expla9$4 ,:5 an additional quantity ( ! electrical fluid is appli$ to ! side ( ! vessel by ! atmosph]e ( ! tube1 a quantity is repell$ & driv5 out ( ! inn] surface ( t side into ! vessel1 & !re affects ! fea!r1 return+ aga9 into its pores1 :5 ! tube ) its atmosph]e is )drawn2 n t ! p>ticles ( t atmosph]e did !mselves pass ?r\gh ! glass to ! fea!r4 ,& e o!r appe>ance ,i h yet se51 9 :i* glass & electricity are conc]n$1 are1 ,i ?9k1 expla9$ ) equal ease by ! same hypo!sis4 ,yet1 p]haps1 x may n be a true "o1 & ,i %all be oblig$ to him t af=ds me a bett]4 #ce4 ,?us ,i take ! diff]5ce betwe5 non-electrics1 & glass1 an electric p] se1 to consi/ 9 ^! two p>ticul>s4 #a/1 ,t a non-electric easily suff]s a *ange 9 ! quantity ( ! electric fluid x conta9s4 ,y may less5 its :ole quantity1 by draw+ out a "p1 :i* ! :ole body w aga9 resume2 b ( glass y c only less5 ! quantity conta9$ 9 "o ( its surfaces2 & n t1 b by supply+ an equal quantity at ! same "t to ! o!r surface3 s t ! :ole glass may always h ! same quantity 9 ! two surfaces1 _! two diff]5t quantities be+ add$ toge!r4 ,& ?is c only be done 9 glass t is ?92 beyond a c]ta9 ?ickness we h yet no p[] t c make ?is *ange4 ,&1 #b;dly1 t ! electric fire freely removes f place to place1 9 & ?r\gh ! sub/ance ( a non-electric1 b n s ?r\gh ! sub/ance ( glass4 ,if y (f] a quantity to "o end ( a long rod ( metal1 x receives x1 & :5 x ent]s1 e p>ticle t 0 be=e 9 ! rod pu%es its neighb\r q to ! f>!r end1 :]e ! ov]plus is dis*>g$2 & ?is in/antane\sly :]e ! rod is "p ( ! circle 9 ! exp]im5t ( ! %ock4 ,b glass1 f ! smallness ( its pores1 or /rong] attraction ( :at x conta9s1 refuses to admit s free a motion3 a glass rod w n conduct a %ock1 nor w ! ?9ne/ glass suff] any p>ticle ent]+ "o ( its surfaces to pass ?r\gh to ! o!r4 #cf4 ,h5ce we see ! impossibility ( success 9 ! exp]im5ts propos$1 to draw out ! effluvial virtues ( a non-electric1 z c9namon1 = in/ance1 & mix+ !m ) ! electric fluid1 to convey !m ) t into ! body1 by includ+ x 9 ! globe1 & !n apply+ friction1 c4 ,= ?\gh ! effluvia ( c9namon1 & ! electric fluid %\ld mix )9 ! globe1 !y w\ld nev] come out toge!r ?r\gh ! pores ( ! glass1 & s g to ! prime conductor2 = ! electric fluid itself _c come ?r\gh2 & ! prime conductor is always suppli$ f ! cu%ion1 & t f ! floor4 ,& besides1 :5 ! globe is fill$ ) c9namon1 or o!r non-electric1 no electric fluid c be obta9$ f its out] surface1 = ! reason be=e-m5tion$4 ,i h tri$ ano!r way1 :i* ,i ?\ght m likely to obta9 a mixture ( ! electric & o!r effluvia toge!r1 if su* a mixture _h be5 possible4 ,i plac$ a glass plate "u my cu%ion1 to cut (f ! communication betwe5 ! cu%ion & floor2 !n br\ght a small *a9 f ! cu%ion into a glass ( oil ( turp5t9e1 & c>ri$ ano!r *a9 f ! oil ( turp5t9e to ! floor1 tak+ c>e t ! *a9 f ! cu%ion to ! glass1 t\*$ no "p ( ! frame ( ! ma*9e4 ,ano!r *a9 0 fix$ to ! prime conductor1 & held 9 ! h& ( a p]son to be electrifi$4 ,! ends ( ! two *a9s 9 ! glass 7 ne> an in* di/ant f ea* o!r1 ! oil ( turp5t9e betwe54 ,n[ ! globe be+ turn$ c\ld draw no fire f ! floor ?r\gh ! ma*9e1 ! communication t way be+ cut (f by ! ?ick glass plate "u ! cu%ion3 x mu/ !n draw x ?r\gh ! *a9s ^: ends 7 dipp$ 9 ! oil ( turp5t9e4 ,& z ! oil ( turp5t9e1 be+ an electric p] se1 w\ld n conduct1 :at came up f ! floor 0 oblig$ to jump f ! end ( "o *a9 to ! end ( ! o!r1 ?r\gh ! sub/ance ( t oil1 :i* we c\ld see 9 l>ge sp>ks1 & s x _h a fair opportunity ( seiz+ "s ( ! f9e/ p>ticles ( ! oil 9 its passage1 & c>ry+ !m (f ) x3 b no su* effect foll[$1 nor c\ld ,i p]ceive ! lea/ diff]5ce 9 ! smell ( ! electric effluvia ?us collect$1 f :at x has :5 collect$ o!rwise1 nor does x o!rwise affect ! body ( a p]son electris$4 ,i likewise put into a phial1 in/ead ( wat]1 a /rong purgative liquid1 & !n *>g$ ! phial1 & took repeat$ %ocks f x1 9 :i* case e p>ticle ( ! electrical fluid mu/1 be=e x w5t ?r\gh my body1 h fir/ gone ?r\gh ! liquid :5 ! phial is *>g+1 & return$ ?r\gh x :5 dis*>g+1 yet no o!r effect foll[$ ?an if x _h be5 *>g$ ) wat]4 ,i h also smelt ! electric fire :5 drawn ?r\gh gold1 silv]1 copp]1 lead1 iron1 wood1 & ! human body1 & c\ld p]ceive no diff]5ce3 ! od\r is always ! same1 :]e ! sp>k does n burn :at x /rikes2 & !re=e ,i imag9e x does n take t smell f any quality ( ! bodies x passes ?r\gh4 ,& inde$1 z t smell s readily leaves ! electric matt]1 & adh]es to ! knuckle receiv+ ! sp>ks1 & to o!r ?+s2 ,i suspect t x nev] 0 connect$ ) x1 b arises in/antane\sly f some?+ 9 ! air act$ ^u by x4 ,= if x 0 f9e en\gh to come ) ! electric fluid ?r\gh ! body ( "o p]son1 :y %\ld x /op on ! sk9 ( ano!r8 ,b ,i %all nev] h done1 if ,i tell y all my conjectures1 ?\ghts1 & imag9ations on ! nature & op]ations ( ?is electric fluid1 & relate ! v>iety ( little exp]im5ts we h tri$4 ,i h already made ?is pap] too long1 = :i* ,i mu/ crave p>don1 n hav+ n[ "t to abridge x4 ,i %all only add1 t z x has be5 obs]v$ "h t spirits w fire by ! electric sp>k 9 ! summ] "t1 )\t heat+ !m1 :5 ,fahr5heit's !rmomet] is above #gj2 s :5 cold]1 if ! op]ator puts a small flat bottle ( spirits 9 8 bosom1 or a close pocket1 ) ! spoon1 "s little "t be=e he uses !m1 ! heat ( 8 body w communicate w>m? m ?an suffici5t = ! purpose4 ,,additional ,,exp]im5ts3 ,prov+ t ! ,leyd5 ,bottle has no m electrical ,fire 9 x :5 *>g$1 ?an be=e3 nor less :5 dis*>g$3 t1 9 dis*>g+1 ! ,fire does n issue f ! ,wire & ! ,coat+ at ! same ,"t1 z "s h ?\ght1 b t ! ,coat+ always receives :at is dis*>g$ by ! ,wire1 or an equal ,quantity2 ! out] ,surface be+ always 9 a negative ,/ate ( ,electricity1 :5 ! inn] ,surface is 9 a positive ,/ate4 ,place a ?ick plate ( glass "u ! rubb+ cu%ion1 to cut (f ! communication ( electrical fire f ! floor to ! cu%ion2 !n if !re be no f9e po9ts or hairy ?reads /ick+ out f ! cu%ion1 or f ! p>ts ( ! ma*9e opposite to ! cu%ion1 7( :i* y mu/ be c>eful7 y c get b a few sp>ks f ! prime conductor1 :i* are all ! cu%ion w "p )4 ,hang a phial !n on ! prime conductor1 & x w n *>ge ?\gh y hold x by ! coat+4--,b1 ,=m a communication by a *a9 f ! coat+ to ! cu%ion1 & ! phial w *>ge4 ,= ! globe !n draws ! electric fire out ( ! outside surface ( ! phial & =ces x ?r\gh ! prime conductor & wire ( ! phial into ! inside surface4 ,?us ! bottle is *>g$ ) its own fire1 no o!r be+ to be _h :ile ! glass plate is "u ! cu%ion4 ,hang two cork balls by flax5 ?reads to ! prime conductor2 !n t\* ! coat+ ( ! bottle1 & !y w be electrifi$ & rec$e f ea* o!r4 ,= j z mu* fire z y give ! coat+1 s mu* is dis*>g$ ?r\gh ! wire ^u ! prime conductor1 :5ce ! cork balls receive an electrical atmosph]e4--,b1 ,take a wire b5t 9 ! =m ( a ,c1 ) a /ick ( wax fix$ to ! outside ( ! curve1 to hold x by2 & apply "o end ( ?is wire to ! coat+1 & ! o!r at ! same "t to ! prime conductor1 ! phial w be dis*>g$2 & if ! balls are n electrifi$ be=e ! dis*>ge1 nei!r w !y appe> to be s aft] ! dis*>ge1 = !y w n repel ea* o!r4 ,if ! phial really explod$ at bo? ends1 & dis*>g$ fire f bo? coat+ & wire1 ! balls w\ld be m electrifi$1 & rec$e f>!r2 = none ( ! fire c escape1 ! wax h&le prev5t+4 ,b if ! fire ) :i* ! inside surface is sur*>g$ be s mu* precisely z is want$ by ! outside surface1 x w pass r\nd ?r\gh ! wire fix$ to ! wax h&le1 re/ore ! equilibrium 9 ! glass1 & make no alt]ation 9 ! /ate ( ! prime conductor4 ,accord+ly we f9d1 t if ! prime conductor be electrifi$1 & ! cork balls 9 a /ate ( repell5cy be=e ! bottle is dis*>g$1 !y cont9ue s aft]w>ds4 ,if n1 !y are n electrifi$ by t dis*>ge4 ,,footnotes3 #dh ,see ! +5i\s ,essays on ,electricity1 9 ! ,transactions1 by ,mr4 ,ellicot4 #di ,see page #agc4 #ej ,see note 9 page #bad4 #ea ,see ! fir/ sixte5 ,sections ( ! =m] pap]1 call$ ,f>!r ,exp]im5ts1 c4 #eb ,see ,sect4 #aj1 ( ,f>!r ,exp]im5ts1 c4 #ec ,9 ! d>k ! electric fluid may be se5 on ! cu%ion 9 two semi-circles or half-moons1 "o on ! =e-"p1 ! o!r on ! back "p ( ! cu%ion1 j :]e ! globe & cu%ion sep>ate4 ,9 ! =e cresc5t ! fire is pass+ out ( ! cu%ion into ! glass2 9 ! o!r x is leav+ ! glass1 & return+ into ! back "p ( ! cu%ion4 ,:5 ! prime conductor is appli$ to take x (f ! glass1 ! back cresc5t disappe>s4 #ed ,gilt pap]1 ) ! gilt face next ! glass1 does well #ee ,see ,fur!r ,exp]im5ts1 ,sect4 #ae4 ,,to ,,pet] ,,coll9son1 ,,esq4 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 ,,london4 ,accumulation ( ! electrical ,fire prov$ to be 9 ! electrifi$ ,glass4--,effect ( ,lightn+ on ! ,ne$le ( ,compasses1 expla9$4--,gunp[d] fir$ by ! electric ,flame4 ,philadelphia1 ,july #bg1 #agej4 ,,sir1 ,mr4 ,watson1 ,i believe1 wrote 8 ,obs]vations on my la/ pap] 9 ha/e1 )\t hav+ fir/ well consid]$ ! exp]im5ts relat$ 4 #agef1 :i* /ill appe> to me decisive 9 ! "q1--,:e!r ! accumulation ( ! electrical fire be 9 ! electrifi$ glass1 or 9 ! non-electric matt] connect$ ) ! glass8 & to demon/rate t x is really 9 ! glass4 ,z to ! exp]im5t t +5i\s g5tleman m5tions1 & :i* he ?9ks conclusive on ! o!r side1 ,i p]suade myself he w *ange 8 op9ion ( x1 :5 he consid]s1 t z "o p]son apply+ ! wire ( ! *>g$ bottle to w>m spirits1 9 a spoon held by ano!r p]son1 bo? /&+ on ! floor1 w fire ! spirits1 & yet su* fir+ w n det]m9e :e!r ! accumulation 0 9 ! glass or ! non-electric2 s ! plac+ ano!r p]son betwe5 !m1 /&+ on wax1 ) a bason 9 8 h&1 into :i* ! wat] f ! phial is p\r$1 :ile he at ! in/ant ( p\r+ pres5ts a f+] ( 8 o!r h& to ! spirits1 does n at all alt] ! case2 ! /ream f ! phial1 ! side ( ! bason1 ) ! arms & body ( ! p]son on ! wax1 be+ all toge!r b z "o long wire1 rea*+ f ! int]nal surface ( ! phial to ! spirits4 ,june #bi1 #agea4 ,9 ,capt4 ,waddell's acc\nt ( ! effects ( lightn+ on 8 %ip1 ,i c\ld n b take notice ( ! l>ge comazants 7z he calls !m7 t settl$ on ! sp9tles at ! top-ma/ heads1 & burnt l v l>ge tor*es 7be=e ! /roke47 ,accord+ to my op9ion1 ! electrical fire 0 !n draw+ (f1 z by po9ts1 f ! cl\d2 ! l>g5ess ( ! flame betok5+ ! great quantity ( electricity 9 ! cl\d3 & _h !re be5 a good wire communication f ! sp9tle heads to ! sea1 t c\ld h conduct$ m freely ?an t>r$ ropes1 or ma/s ( turp5t9e wood1 ,i imag9e !re w\ld ei!r h be5 no /roke1 or1 if a /roke1 ! wire w\ld h conduct$ x all into ! sea )\t damage to ! %ip4 ,8 compasses lo/ ! virtue ( ! load-/one1 or ! poles 7 rev]s$2 ! nor? po9t turn+ to ! s\?4--,by electricity we h 7"h at ,philadelphia7 frequ5tly giv5 pol>ity to ne$les1 & rev]s$ x at pleasure4 ,mr4 ,wilson1 at ,london1 tri$ x on too l>ge masses1 & ) too small =ce4 ,a %ock f f\r l>ge glass j>s1 s5t ?r\gh a f9e sew+-ne$le1 gives x pol>ity1 & x w trav]se :5 laid on wat]4--,if ! ne$le1 :5 /ruck1 lies ea/ & we/1 ! end ent]$ by ! electric bla/ po9ts nor?4--,if x lies nor? & s\?1 ! end t lay t[>ds ! nor? w cont9ue to po9t nor? :5 plac$ on wat]1 :e!r ! fire ent]$ at t end1 or at ! contr>y end4 ,! pol>ity giv5 is /ronge/ :5 ! ne$le is /ruck ly+ nor? & s\?1 weake/ :5 ly+ ea/ & we/2 p]haps if ! =ce 0 /ill great]1 ! s\? end1 ent]$ by ! fire 7:5 ! ne$le lies nor? & s\?7 might become ! nor?1 o!rwise x puzzles u to acc\nt = ! inv]t+ ( compasses by lightn+2 s9ce _! ne$les mu/ always be f\nd 9 t situation1 & by our little exp]im5ts1 :e!r ! bla/ ent]$ ! nor? & w5t out at ! s\? end ( ! ne$le1 or ! contr>y1 /ill ! end t lay to ! nor? %\ld cont9ue to po9t nor?4 ,9 ^! exp]im5ts ! ends ( ! ne$les are sometimes f9ely blu$ l a wat*-spr+ by ! electric flame4--,?is col\r giv5 by ! fla% f two j>s only1 w wipe (f1 b f\r j>s fix x1 & frequ5tly melt ! ne$les4 ,i s5d y "s t h _h _! heads & po9ts melt$ (f by our mimic lightn+2 & a p9 t _h its po9t melt$ (f1 & "s "p ( its head & neck run4 ,sometimes ! surface on ! body ( ! ne$le is also run1 & appe>s bli/]$ :5 exam9$ by a magnify+ glass3 ! j>s ,i make use (f hold sev5 or eight gallons1 & are coat$ & l9$ ) t9 foil2 ea* ( !m takes a ?\s& turns#eg ( a globe n9e in*es diamet] to *>ge x4 ,i s5d y two specim5s ( t9-foil melt$ betwe5 glass1 by ! =ce ( two j>s only4 ,i h n he>d t any ( y\r ,european electricians h ev] be5 able to fire gun-p[d] by ! electric flame4 ,we d x "h 9 ?is mann]3--,a small c>tridge is fill$ ) dry p[d]1 h>d ramm$1 s z to bruise "s ( ! gra9s2 two po9t$ wires are !n ?ru/ 91 "o at ea* end1 ! po9ts approa*+ ea* o!r 9 ! middle ( ! c>tridge till )9 ! di/ance ( half an in*2 !n1 ! c>tridge be+ plac$ 9 ! circuit1 :5 ! f\r j>s are dis*>g$1 ! electric flame leap+ f ! po9t ( "o wire to ! po9t ( ! o!r1 )9 ! c>tridge among/ ! p[d]1 fires x1 & ! explosion ( ! p[d] is at ! same in/ant ) ! crack ( ! dis*>ge4 ,y\r's1 c4 ,b4 ,,frankl94 ,,footnotes3 #ef ,see ! pap] entitl$1 ,f>!r ,exp]im5ts1 c4 #eg ,! cu%ion be+ aft]w>ds cov]$ ) a long flap ( bucksk91 :i* might cl+ to ! globe2 & c>e be+ tak5 to keep t flap ( a due temp]ature1 betwe5 too dry & too moi/1 we f\nd s mu* m ( ! electric fluid 0 obta9$1 z t #aej turns 7 suffici5t4 #agec4 ,,to ,c4 ,c#eh4 ,,esq4 ,,at ,,new-,,york1 ,,communicat$ ,,to ,,mr4 ,,coll9son4 ,unlimit$ ,nature ( ! electric ,=ce4 ,philadelphia1 #agea4 ,,sir1 ,i inclose y answ]s1 su* z my pres5t hurry ( bus9ess w p]mit me to make1 to ! pr9cipal qu]ies conta9$ 9 y\r's ( ! #bh? in/ant1 & beg leave to ref] y to ! latt] piece 9 ! pr9t$ collection ( my pap]s1 = f>!r explanation ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 :at is call$ electrics p] se1 & non-electrics4 ,:5 y h _h "t to read & consid] ^! pap]s1 ,i w endeav\r to make any new exp]im5ts y %all propose1 t y ?9k may af=d f>!r light or satisfaction to ei!r ( u2 & %all be mu* oblig$ to y = su* rem>ks1 objections1 c4 z may occur to y4--,i =get :e!r ,i wrote to y t ,i h melt$ brass p9s & /eel ne$les1 inv]t$ ! poles ( ! magnetic ne$le1 giv5 a magnetism & pol>ity to ne$les t _h none1 & fir$ dry gunp[d] by ! electric sp>k4 ,i h five bottles t conta9 eight or n9e gallons ea*1 two ( :i* *>g$ are suffici5t = ^? purposes3 b ,i c *>ge & dis*>ge !m altoge!r4 ,!re are no b\nds 7b :at exp5ce & lab\r give7 to ! =ce man may raise & use 9 ! electrical way3 = bottle may be add$ to bottle 9 inf9itum1 & all unit$ & dis*>g$ toge!r z "o1 ! =ce & effect proportion$ to _! numb] & size4 ,! greate/ kn[n effects ( common lightn+ may1 ,i ?9k1 )\t mu* difficulty1 be exce$$ 9 ?is way1 :i* a few ye>s s9ce c\ld n h be5 believ$1 & ev5 n[ may seem to _m a little extravagant to suppose4--,s we are got beyond ! skill ( ,rabelais's devils ( two ye>s old1 :o1 he hum\r\sly says1 _h only le>nt to ?und] & light5 a little r\nd ! head ( a cabbage4 ,i am1 ) s9c]e respect1 ,y\r mo/ oblig$ humble s]vant1 ,b4 ,,frankl94 ,,qu]ies ,,& ,,answ]s ,,ref]r$ ,,to ,,9 ,,! ,,=ego+ ,,lett]4 ,! ,t]ms1 electric p] se1 & non-electric1 improp]4--,new ,relation betwe5 ,metals & ,wat]4--,effects ( ,air 9 electrical ,exp]im5ts4--,exp]im5t = discov]+ m ( ! ,qualities ( ! electric ,fluid4 ,qu]y1 ,:]e9 consi/s ! diff]5ce betwe5 an electric & a non-electric body8 ,answ]4 ,! t]ms electric p] se1 & non-electric1 7 fir/ us$ to di/+ui% bodies1 on a mi/ak5 supposition t ^? call$ electrics p] se1 alone conta9$ electric matt] 9 _! sub/ance1 :i* 0 capable ( be+ excit$ by friction1 & ( be+ produc$ or drawn f !m1 & communicat$ to ^? call$ non-electrics1 suppos$ to be de/itute ( x3 = ! glass1 c4 be+ rubb$1 discov]$ signs ( hav+ x1 by snapp+ to ! f+]1 attract+1 repell+1 c4 & c\ld communicate ^? signs to metals & wat]4--,aft]w>ds x 0 f\nd1 t rubb+ ( glass w\ld n produce ! electric matt]1 unless a communication 0 pres]v$ betwe5 ! rubb] & ! floor2 & subsequ5t exp]im5ts prov$ t ! electric matt] 0 really drawn f ^? bodies t at fir/ 7 ?\ght to h none 9 !m4 ,!n x 0 d\bt$ :e!r glass1 & o!r bodies call$ electrics p] se1 _h really any electric matt] 9 !m1 s9ce !y app>5tly af=d$ none b :at !y fir/ extract$ f ^? :i* _h be5 call$ non-electrics4 ,b "s ( my exp]im5ts %[1 t glass conta9s x 9 great quantity1 & ,i n[ suspect x to be pretty equally diffus$ 9 all ! matt] ( ?is t]raque\s globe4 ,if s1 ! t]ms electric p] se1 & non-electric1 %\ld be laid aside z improp]3 & 7! only diff]5ce be+ ?is1 t "s bodies w conduct electric matt]1 & o!rs w n7 ! t]ms conductor & non-conductor may supply _! place4 ,if any portion ( electric matt] is appli$ to a piece ( conduct+ matt]1 x p5etrates & fl[s ?r\gh x1 or spreads equally on its surface2 if appli$ to a piece ( non-conduct+ matt]1 x w d nei!r4 ,p]fect conductors ( electric matt] are only metals & wat]4 ,o!r bodies conduct+ only z !y conta9 a mixture ( ^?2 )\t m or less ( :i* !y w n conduct at all#ei4 ,?is 7by ! way7 %ews a new relation betwe5 metals & wat] h]et(ore unkn[n4 ,to illu/rate ?is by a comp>ison1 :i*1 h[ev]1 c only give a fa9t resemblance4 ,electric matt] passes ?r\gh conductors z wat] passes ?r\gh a por\s /one1 or spreads on _! surfaces z wat] spreads on a wet /one2 b :5 appli$ to non-conductors1 x is l wat] dropt on a greasy /one1 x nei!r p5etrates1 passes ?r\gh1 nor spreads on ! surface1 b rema9s 9 drops :]e x falls4 ,see f>!r on ?is head1 9 my la/ pr9t$ piece1 entitl$1 ,op9ions & ,conjectures1 c4 #agdi4 ,qu]y1 ,:at are ! effects ( air 9 electrical exp]im5ts8 ,answ]4 ,all ,i h hi!rto obs]v$ are ^!4 ,moi/ air receives & conducts ! electrical matt] 9 proportion to its moi/ure1 q dry air n at all3 air is !re=e to be class$ ) ! non-conductors4 ,dry air assi/s 9 conf9+ ! electrical atmosph]e to ! body x surr\nds1 & prev5ts its dissipat+3 = 9 vacuo x quits easily1 & po9ts op]ate /rong]1 i4 e4 !y ?r[ (f or attract ! electrical matt] m freely1 & at great] di/ances2 s t air int]v5+ ob/ructs its passage f body to body 9 "s degree4 ,a clean electrical phial & wire1 conta9+ air in/ead ( wat]1 w n be *>g$ nor give a %ock1 any m ?an if x 0 fill$ ) p[d] ( glass2 b exhau/$ ( air1 x op]ates z well z if fill$ ) wat]4 ,yet an electric atmosph]e & air d n seem to exclude ea* o!r1 = we brea! freely 9 su* an atmosph]e1 & dry air w bl[ ?r\gh x )\t displac+ or driv+ x away4 ,i "q :e!r ! /ronge/ dry nor?-we/]#fj w\ld dissipate x4 ,i once electrifi$ a l>ge cork-ball at ! end ( a silk ?read ?ree feet long1 ! o!r end ( :i* ,i held 9 my f+]s1 & :irl'd x r\nd1 l a sl+ "o hundr$ times1 9 ! air1 ) ! swifte/ motion ,i c\ld possibly give x1 yet x reta9$ its electric atmosph]e1 ?\gh x mu/ h pass$ ?r\gh eight hundr$ y>ds ( air1 all[+ my arm 9 giv+ ! motion to add a foot to ! semi-diamet] ( ! circle4--,by q dry air1 ,i mean ! drye/ we h3 = p]haps we nev] h any p]fectly free f moi/ure4 ,an electrical atmosph]e rais$ r\nd a ?ick wire1 ins]t$ 9 a phial ( air1 drives out none ( ! air1 nor on )draw+ t atmosph]e w any air ru% 91 z ,i h f\nd by a curi\s exp]im5t#fa accurately made1 :5ce we conclud$ t ! air's ela/icity 0 n affect$ !reby4 ,,an ,,exp]im5t ,,t[>ds ,,discov]+ ,,m ,,( ,,! ,,qualities ,,( ,,! ,,electric ,,fluid4 ,f ! prime conductor1 hang a bullet by a wire hook2 "u ! bullet1 at half an in* di/ance1 place a bright piece ( silv] to receive ! sp>ks2 !n let ! :eel be turn$1 & 9 a few m9utes1 7if ! repeat$ sp>ks cont9ually /rike 9 ! same spot7 ! silv] w receive a blue /a91 ne>ly ! col\r ( a wat* spr+4 ,a bright piece ( iron w also be spott$1 b n ) t col\r2 x r seems corrod$4 ,on gold1 brass1 or t91 ,i h n p]ceiv$ x makes any impression4 ,b ! spots on ! silv] or iron w be ! same1 :e!r ! bullet be lead1 brass1 gold1 or silv]4 ,on a silv] bullet !re w also appe> a small spot1 z well z on ! plate bel[ x4 ,,footnotes3 #eh ,cadwallad] ,cold51 :o 0 aft]w>ds lieut5ant-gov]nor ( ,new-,york4 ,editor4 #ei ,?is proposition is s9ce f\nd to be too g5]al2 ,mr4 ,wilson hav+ discov]$ t melt$ wax & ros9 w also conduct4 #fj ,a cold dry w9d ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 #fa ,! exp]im5t "h m5tion$ 0 ?us made4 ,an empty phial 0 /opp$ ) a cork4 ,?r\gh ! cork pass$ a ?ick wire1 z usual 9 ! ,leyd5 exp]im5t1 :i* wire almo/ rea*$ ! bottom4 ,?r\gh ano!r "p ( ! cork pass$ "o leg ( a small glass syphon1 ! o!r leg on ! outside came d[n almo/ to ! bottom ( ! phial4 ,?is phial 0 fir/ held a %ort "t 9 ! h&1 :i*1 w>m+1 & ( c\rse r>efy+ ! air )91 drove a small "p ( x out ?r\gh ! syphon4 ,!n a little r$ ink 9 a tea-spoon 0 appli$ to ! op5+ ( ! out] leg ( ! syphon2 s t z ! air )9 cool$1 a little ( ! ink might rise 9 t leg4 ,:5 ! air )9 ! bottle came to be ( ! same temp]ature ( t )\t1 ! drop ( r$ ink w\ld re/ 9 a c]ta9 "p ( ! leg4 ,b ! w>m? ( a f+] appli$ to ! phial w\ld cause t drop to desc5d1 z ! lea/ outw>d coolness appli$ w\ld make x asc5d4 ,:5 x _h f\nd its situation1 & 0 at re/1 ! wire 0 electrifi$ by a communication f ! prime conductor4 ,?is 0 suppos$ to give an electric atmosph]e to ! wire )9 ! bottle1 :i* might likewise r>efy ! includ$ air1 & ( c\rse depress ! drop ( ink 9 ! syphon4 ,b no su* effect foll[$4 ,,to ,c4 ,c#fb4 ,,esq4 ,,at ,,new ,,york4 ,mi/ake1 t only ,metals & ,wat] 7 ,conductors1 rectifi$4--,supposition ( a ,region ( electric ,fire above our ,atmosph]e4--,!orem conc]n+ ,light4--,poke-,we$ a ,cure = ,canc]s4 ,read at ! ,royal ,society1 ,nov4 #aa1 #agef4 ,philadelphia1 ,april #bc1 #ageb4 ,,sir1 ,9 consid]+ y\r fav\r ( ! #af? pa/1 ,i recollect$ my hav+ wrote y answ]s to "s qu]ies conc]n+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 electrics p] se1 & non-electrics1 & ! effects ( air 9 electrical exp]im5ts1 :i*1 ,i appreh5d1 y may n h receiv$4 ,! date ,i h =gott54 ,we h be5 us$ to call ^? bodies electrics p] se1 :i* w\ld n conduct ! electric fluid3 ,we once imag9$ t only su* bodies conta9$ t fluid2 aft]w>ds t !y _h none ( x1 & only educ$ x f o!r bodies3 b fur!r exp]im5ts %ew$ our mi/ake4 ,x is to be f\nd 9 all matt] we "k (2 & ! di/9ctions ( electrics p] se1 & non-electrics1 %\ld n[ be dropt z improp]1 & t ( conductors & non-conductors assum$ 9 its place1 z ,i m5tion$ 9 ^? answ]s4 ,i d n rememb] any exp]im5t by :i* x appe>$ t high rectifi$ _s w n conduct2 p]haps y h made su*4 ,?is ,i "k1 t wax1 ros91 brim/one1 & ev5 glass1 commonly reput$ electrics p] se1 w1 :5 9 a fluid /ate1 conduct pretty well4 ,glass w d x :5 only r$ hot4 ,s t my =m] position1 t only metals & wat] 7 conductors1 & o!r bodies m or less su*1 z !y p>took ( metal or moi/ure1 0 too g5]al4 ,y\r conception ( ! electric fluid1 t x is incomp>ably m subtle ?an air1 is und\bt$ly j4 ,x p]vades d5se matt] ) ! greate/ ease2 b x does n seem to mix or incorporate will+ly ) m]e air1 z x does ) o!r matt]4 ,x w n quit common matt] to jo9 ) air4 ,air ob/ructs1 9 "s degree1 its motion4 ,an electric atmosph]e _c be communicat$ at s great a di/ance1 ?r\gh int]v5+ air1 by f>1 z ?r\gh a vacuum4--,:o kn[s !n1 b !re may be1 z ! anci5ts ?\ght1 a region ( ?is fire above our atmosph]e1 prev5t$ by our air1 & its own too great di/ance = attraction1 f jo9+ our e>?8 ,p]haps :]e ! atmosph]e is r>e/1 ?is fluid may be d5se/1 & ne>] ! e>? :]e ! atmosph]e gr[s d5s]1 ?is fluid may be r>]2 yet "s ( x be l[ en\gh to atta* itself to our highe/ cl\ds1 & !nce !y becom+ electrifi$1 may be attract$ by1 & desc5d t[>ds ! e>?1 & dis*>ge _! watry cont5ts1 toge!r ) t e!rial fire4 ,p]haps ! auror boreales are curr5ts ( ?is fluid 9 its own region1 above our atmosph]e1 becom+ f _! motion visible4 ,!re is no end to conjectures4 ,z yet we are b novices 9 ?is bran* ( natural k4 ,y m5tion sev]al diff]5ces ( salts 9 electrical exp]im5ts4 ,7 !y all equally dry8 ,salt is apt to acquire moi/ure f a moi/ air1 & "s sorts m ?an o!rs4 ,:5 p]fectly dri$ by ly+ be=e a fire1 or on a /ove1 none t ,i h tri$ w conduct any bett] ?an s mu* glass4 ,new flannel1 if dry & w>m1 w draw ! electric fluid f non-electrics1 z well z t :i* has be5 worn4 ,i wi% y _h ! conv5i5ce ( try+ ! exp]im5ts y seem to h su* expectations f1 ^u v>i\s k9ds ( spirits1 salts1 e>?1 c4 ,frequ5tly1 9 a v>iety ( exp]im5ts1 ?\gh we miss :at we expect$ to f9d1 yet some?+ valuable turns out1 some?+ surpris+1 & in/ruct+1 ?\gh un?\ght (4 ,i ?ank y = communicat+ ! illu/ration ( ! !orem conc]n+ light4 ,x is v curi\s4 ,b ,i mu/ own ,i am mu* 9 ! d>k ab\t light4 ,i am n satisfi$ ) ! doctr9e t supposes p>ticles ( matt] call$ light1 cont9ually driv5 (f f ! sun's surface1 ) a swiftness s prodigi\s6 ,mu/ n ! smalle/ p>ticle conceivable h1 ) su* a motion1 a =ce exce$+ t ( a tw5ty-f\r p\nd]1 dis*>g$ f a cannon8 ,mu/ n ! ,sun dim9i% exce$+ly by su* a wa/e ( matt]2 & ! planets1 in/ead ( draw+ ne>] to him1 z "s h fe>$1 rec$e to great] di/ances ?r\gh ! less5$ attraction4 ,yet ^! p>ticles1 ) ?is amaz+ motion1 w n drive be=e !m1 or remove1 ! lea/ & lighte/ du/ !y meet )3 ,& ! ,sun1 = aught we "k1 cont9ues ( 8 anti5t dim5sions1 & 8 att5dants move 9 _! anti5t orbits4 ,may n all ! ph5om5a ( light be m conv5i5tly solv$1 by suppos+ univ]sal space fill$ ) a subtle ela/ic fluid1 :i*1 :5 at re/1 is n visible1 b ^: vibrations affect t f9e s5se 9 ! eye1 z ^? ( air d ! gross] organs ( ! e>8 ,we d n1 9 ! case ( s\nd1 imag9e t any sonor\s p>ticles are ?r[n (f f a bell1 = in/ance1 & fly 9 /rait l9es to ! e>2 :y mu/ we believe t lum9\s p>ticles leave ! sun & proce$ to ! eye8 ,"s diamonds1 if rubb$1 %9e 9 ! d>k1 )\t los+ any "p ( _! matt]4 ,i c make an electrical sp>k z big z ! flame ( a c&le1 mu* bright]1 &1 !re=e1 visible fur!r2 yet ?is is )\t fuel2 &1 ,i am p]suad$1 no "p ( ! electric fluid flies (f 9 su* case to di/ant places1 b all goes directly1 & is to be f\nd 9 ! place to :i* ,i de/9e x4 ,may n diff]5t degrees ( ! vibration ( ! above-m5tion$ univ]sal m$ium1 occasion ! appe>ances ( diff]5t col\rs8 ,i ?9k ! electric fluid is always ! same2 yet ,i f9d t weak] & /rong] sp>ks diff] 9 app>5t col\r1 "s :ite1 blue1 purple1 r$2 ! /ronge/1 :ite2 weak ones r$4 ,?us diff]5t degrees ( vibration giv5 to ! air produce ! sev51 diff]5t s\nds 9 music1 analag\s to ! sev5 col\rs1 yet ! m$ium1 air1 is ! same4 ,if ! ,sun is n wa/$ by exp5ce ( light1 ,i c easily conceive t he %all o!rwise always reta9 ! same quantity ( matt]2 ?\gh we %\ld suppose him made ( sulphur con/antly flam+4 ,! action ( fire only sep>ates ! p>ticles ( matt]1 x does n annihilate !m4 ,wat]1 by heat rais$ 9 vap\r1 returns to ! e>? 9 ra92 & if we c\ld collect all ! p>ticles ( burn+ matt] t g (f 9 smoak1 p]haps !y might1 ) ! a%es1 weigh z mu* z ! body be=e x 0 fir$3 & if we c\ld put !m into ! same position ) reg>d to ea* o!r1 ! mass w\ld be ! same z be=e1 & might be burnt ov] aga94 ,! *ymi/s h analys$ sulphur1 & f9d x compos$1 9 c]ta9 proportions1 ( oil1 salt1 & e>?2 & hav+1 by ! analysis1 discov]$ ^? proportions1 !y c1 ( ^? +r$i5ts1 make sulphur4 ,s we h only to suppose1 t ! p>ts ( ! ,sun's sulphur1 sep>at$ by fire1 rise into 8 atmosph]e1 & !re be+ fre$ f ! imm$iate action ( ! fire1 !y collect into cl\dy masses1 & gr[+1 by degrees1 too heavy to be long] support$1 !y desc5d to ! ,sun1 & are burnt ov] aga94 ,h5ce ! spots appe>+ on 8 face1 :i* are obs]v$ to dim9i% daily 9 size1 _! consum+ edges be+ ( p>ticul> brightness4 ,x is well we are n1 z poor ,galileo 01 subject to ! inquisition = philosophical h]esy4 ,my :isp]s aga9/ ! or?odox doctr9e1 9 private lett]s1 w\ld be dang]\s2 b y\r writ+ & pr9t+ w\ld be highly crim9al4 ,z x is1 y mu/ expect "s c5sure1 b "o h]etic w surely excuse ano!r4 ,i am he>tily glad to he> m in/ances ( ! success ( ! poke-we$1 9 ! cure ( t horrible evil to ! human body1 a canc]4 ,y w des]ve highly ( mank9d = ! communication4 ,b ,i f9d 9 ,bo/on !y are at a loss to "k ! "r plant1 "s ass]t+ x is :at !y call ,me*oa*an1 o!rs o!r ?+s4 ,9 "o ( _! late pap]s x is publicly reque/$ t a p]fect description may be giv5 ( ! plant1 its places ( gr[?1 c4 ,i h mislaid ! pap]1 or w\ld s5d x to y4 ,i ?\ght y _h describ$ x pretty fully#fc4 ,i am1 ,sir1 c4 ,b4 ,,frankl94 ,,footnotes3 #fb ,cadwallad] ,cold54 ,see note1 page #bej4 ,editor4 #fc ,z ! poke-we$1 ?\gh out ( place1 is introduc$ "h1 we %all translate & ins]t two extracts ( lett]s f ,dr4 ,frankl9 to ,m4 ,dub\rg1 ! ,fr5* translator ( 8 works1 on ! same subject4 ,,london1 ,,m>* #bg1 #aggc4 ,i appreh5d t our poke-we$ is :at ! botani/s t]m phytolacca4 ,?is plant be>s b]ries z l>ge z peas2 ! sk9 is black1 b x conta9s a crimson juice4 ,x is ?is juice1 ?ick5$ by evaporation 9 ! sun1 :i* 0 employ$4 ,x caus$ great pa91 b "s p]sons 7 said to h be5 cur$4 ,i am n q c]ta9 ( ! facts2 all t ,i "k is1 t ,dr4 ,cold5 _h a good op9ion ( ! rem$y4 ,,london1 ,,april #bc1 #aggc4 ,y w see by ! annex$ pap] by ,dr4 ,sol&]1 t ?is h]b1 poke-we$1 9 :i* has be5 f\nd a specific rem$y = canc]s1 is ! mo/ common species ( phytolacca4 7,phytolacca dec&ra ,l47 ,editor4 ,,mr4 ,e4 ,,k9n]sley1 ,,at ,,bo/on1 ,,to ,,b5jam9 ,,frankl91 ,,esq4 ,,at ,,philadelphia4 ,new ,exp]im5ts4--,p>adoxes inf]r$ f !m4--,diff]5ce 9 ! ,electricity ( a ,globe ( ,glass *>g$1 & a ,globe ( ,sulphur4--,difficulty ( asc]ta9+ :i* is positive & :i* negative4 ,feb4 #c1 #ageb4 ,,sir1 ,i h ! foll[+ exp]im5ts to communicate3 ,i held 9 "o h& a wire1 :i* 0 fa/5$ at ! o!r end to ! h&le ( a pump1 9 ord] to try :e!r ! /roke f ! prime conductor1 ?r\gh my arms1 w\ld be any great] ?an :5 convey$ only to ! surface ( ! e>?1 b c\ld discov] no diff]5ce4 ,i plac$ ! ne$le ( a compass on ! po9t ( a long p91 & hold+ x 9 ! atmosph]e ( ! prime conductor1 at ! di/ance ( ab\t ?ree in*es1 f\nd x to :irl r\nd l ! fly]s ( a jack1 ) great rapidity4 ,i susp5d$ ) silk a cork ball1 ab\t ! bigness ( a pea1 & pres5t$ to x rubb$ amb]1 seal+-wax1 & sulphur1 by ea* ( :i* x 0 /rongly repell$2 !n ,i tri$ rubb$ glass & *9a1 & f\nd t ea* ( ^! w\ld attract x1 until x became electrifi$ aga91 & !n x w\ld be repell$ z at fir/2 & :ile ?us repell$ by ! rubb$ glass or *9a1 ei!r ( ! o!rs :5 rubb$ w\ld attract x4 ,!n ,i electrifi$ ! ball1 ) ! wire ( a *>g$ phial1 & pres5t$ to x rubb$ glass 7! /opp] ( a decant]7 & a *9a tea-cup1 by :i* x 0 z /rongly repell$ z by ! wire2 b :5 ,i pres5t$ ei!r ( ! o!r rubb$ electrics1 x w\ld be /rongly attract$1 & :5 ,i electrifi$ x by ei!r ( ^!1 till x became repell$1 x w\ld be attract$ by ! wire ( ! phial1 b be repell$ by its coat+4 ,^! exp]im5ts surpris$ me v mu*1 & h induc$ me to inf] ! foll[+ p>adoxes4 #a4 ,if a glass globe be plac$ at "o end ( a prime-conductor1 & a sulphur "o at ! o!r end1 bo? be+ equally 9 good ord]1 & 9 equal motion1 n a sp>k ( fire c be obta9$ f ! conductor2 b "o globe w draw out1 z fa/ z ! o!r gives 94 #b4 ,if a phial be susp5d$ on ! conductor1 ) a *a9 f its coat+ to ! table1 & only "o ( ! globes be made use ( at a "t1 #bj turns ( ! :eel1 = in/ance1 w *>ge x2 aft] :i*1 s _m t>ns ( ! o!r :eel w dis*>ge x2 & z _m m w *>ge x aga94 #c4 ,! globes be+ bo? 9 motion1 ea* hav+ a sep>ate conductor1 ) a phial susp5d$ on "o ( !m1 & ! *a9 ( x fa/5$ to ! o!r1 ! phial w become *>g$2 "o globe *>g+ positively1 ! o!r negatively4 #d4 ,! phial be+ ?us *>g$1 hang x 9 l mann] on ! o!r conductor2 set bo? :eels a go+ aga91 & ! same numb] ( turns t *>g$ x be=e1 w n[ dis*>ge x2 & ! same numb] repeat$1 w *>ge x aga94 #e4 ,:5 ea* globe communicates ) ! same prime conductor1 hav+ a *a9 hang+ f x to ! table1 "o ( !m1 :5 9 motion 7b :i* ,i _c say7 w draw fire up ?r\gh ! cu%ion1 & dis*>ge x ?r\gh ! *a92 ! o!r w draw x up ?r\gh ! *a91 & dis*>ge x ?r\gh ! cu%ion4 ,i %\ld be glad if y w\ld s5d to my h\se = my sulphur globe1 & ! cu%ion belong+ to x1 & make ! trial2 b mu/ caution y n to use *alk on ! cu%ion1 "s f9e p[d]$ sulphur w d bett]4 ,if1 z ,i expect1 y %\ld f9d ! globes to *>ge ! prime conductor diff]5tly1 ,i hope y w be able to discov] "s me?od ( det]m9+ :i* x is t *>ges positively4 ,i am1 c4 ,e4 ,,k9n]sley4 ,,to ,,mr4 ,e4 ,,k9n]sley1 ,,at ,,bo/on4 ,probable ,cause ( ! ,diff]5t ,attractions & ,repulsions ( ! two electrifi$ ,globes m5tion$ 9 ! two prec$+ ,lett]s4 ,philadelphia1 ,m>* #b1 #ageb4 ,,sir1 ,i ?ank y = ! exp]im5ts communicat$4 ,i s5t imm$iately = y\r brim/one globe1 9 ord] to make ! trials y desir$1 b f\nd x want$ c5tres1 :i* ,i h n "t n[ to supply2 b ! fir/ leisure ,i w get x fitt$ = use1 try ! exp]im5ts1 & acqua9t y ) ! result4 ,9 ! mean "t ,i suspect1 t ! diff]5t attractions & repulsions y obs]v$1 proce$$ r f ! great] or small] quantities ( ! fire y obta9$ f diff]5t bodies1 ?an f its be+ ( a diff]5t k9d1 or hav+ a diff]5t direction4 ,9 ha/e1 ,i am1 c4 ,b4 ,,frankl94 ,,to ,,mr4 ,e4 ,,k9n]sley1 ,,at ,,bo/on4 ,reasons = suppos+1 t ! glass ,globe *>ges positively1 & ! ,sulphur negatively4--,h9t respect+ a lea!r ,globe = ,exp]im5ts :5 travell+4 ,philadelphia1 ,m>* #af1 #ageb4 ,,sir1 ,hav+ br\ght y\r brim/one globe to "w1 ,i tri$ "o ( ! exp]im5ts y propos$1 & 0 agreeably surpris$ to f9d1 t ! glass globe be+ at "o end ( ! conductor1 & ! sulphur globe at ! o!r end1 bo? globes 9 motion1 no sp>k c\ld be obta9$ f ! conductor1 unless :5 "o globe turn$ sl[]1 or 0 n 9 s good ord] z ! o!r2 & !n ! sp>k 0 only 9 proportion to ! diff]5ce1 s t turn+ equally1 or turn+ t sl[e/ :i* work$ be/1 w\ld aga9 br+ ! conductor to af=d no sp>k4 ,i f\nd also1 t ! wire ( a phial *>g$ by ! glass globe1 attract$ a cork ball t _h t\*$ ! wire ( a phial *>g$ by ! brim/one globe1 & vice v]sa1 s t ! cork cont9u$ to play betwe5 ! two phials1 j z :5 "o phial 0 *>g$ ?r\gh ! wire1 ! o!r ?r\gh ! coat+1 by ! glass globe alone4 ,& two phials *>g$1 ! "o by ! brim/one globe1 ! o!r by ! glass globe1 w\ld be bo? dis*>g$ by br++ _! wires toge!r1 & %ock ! p]son hold+ ! phials4 ,f ^! exp]im5ts "o may be c]ta9 t y\r #b;d1 #c;d1 & #d? propos$ exp]im5ts1 w\ld succe$ exactly z y suppose1 ?\gh ,i h n tri$ !m1 want+ "t4 ,i imag9e x is ! glass globe t *>ges positively1 & ! sulphur negatively1 = ^! reasons3 #a4 ,?\gh ! sulphur globe seems to "w equally well ) ! glass "o1 yet x c nev] occasion s l>ge & di/ant a sp>k betwe5 my knuckle & ! conductor1 :5 ! sulphur "o is work+1 z :5 ! glass "o is us$2 :i*1 ,i suppose1 is occasion$ by ?is1 t bodies ( a c]ta9 bigness _c s easily "p ) a quantity ( electrical fluid !y h & hold attract$ )9 _! sub/ance1 z !y c receive an additional quantity ^u _! surface by way ( atmosph]e4 ,!re=e s mu* _c be drawn out ( ! conductor1 z c be ?r[n on x4 #b4 ,i obs]ve t ! /ream or bru% ( fire1 appe>+ at ! end ( a wire1 connect$ ) ! conductor1 is long1 l>ge1 & mu* div]g+1 :5 ! glass globe is us$1 & makes a snapp+ 7or rattl+7 noise3 b :5 ! sulphur "o is us$1 x is %ort1 small1 & makes a hiss+ noise2 & j ! rev]se ( bo? happ5s1 :5 y hold ! same wire 9 y\r h&1 & ! globes are work$ alt]nately3 ! bru% is l>ge1 long1 div]g+1 & snapp+ 7or rattl+7 :5 ! sulphur globe is turn$2 %ort1 small1 & hiss+1 :5 ! glass globe is turn$4--,:5 ! bru% is long1 l>ge1 & mu* div]g+1 ! body to :i* x jo9s seems to me to be ?r[+ ! fire out2 & :5 ! contr>y appe>s1 x seems to be dr9k+ 94 #c4 ,i obs]ve1 t :5 ,i hold my knuckle be=e ! sulphur globe1 :ile turn+1 ! /ream ( fire betwe5 my knuckle & ! globe seems to spread on its surface1 z if x fl[$ f ! f+]2 on ! glass globe x is o!rwise4 #d4 ,! cool w9d 7or :at 0 call$ s7 t we us$ to feel z com+ f an electrifi$ po9t1 is1 ,i ?9k1 m s5sible :5 ! glass globe is us$1 ?an :5 ! sulphur "o4--,b ^! are ha/y ?\ghts4 ,z to y\r fif? p>adox1 x mu/ likewise be true1 if ! globes are alt]nately work$2 b if work$ toge!r1 ! fire w nei!r come up nor g d[n by ! *a91 because "o globe w dr9k x z fa/ z ! o!r produces x4 ,i %\ld be glad to "k1 :e!r ! effects w\ld be contr>y if ! glass globe is solid1 & ! sulphur globe is holl[2 b ,i h no means at pres5t ( try+4 ,9 y\r j\rneys1 y\r glass globes meet ) accid5ts1 & sulphur ones are heavy & inconv5i5t4--,qu]y4 ,w\ld n a ?9 plane ( brim/one1 ca/ on a bo>d1 s]ve on occasion z a cu%ion1 :ile a globe ( lea!r /uff$ 7prop]ly m\nt$7 might receive ! fire f ! sulphur1 & *>ge ! conductor positively8 ,su* a globe w\ld be 9 no dang] ( break+#fd4 ,i ?9k ,i c conceive h[ x may be done2 b h n "t to add m ?an t ,i am1 ,y\rs1 c4 ,b4 ,,frankl94 ,,footnote3 #fd ,! discov]ies ( ! late +5i\s ,mr4 ,symm]1 on ! positive & negative electricity produc$ by ! mutual friction ( :ite & black silk1 c4 af=d h9ts = f>!r improvem5ts to be made ) ?is view4 ,9 ,mr4 ,coll9son's edition1 sev]al pap]s foll[$ "h1 by ! ,abb ,mazeas1 & o!rs1 ^u ! subject ( ,dr4 ,frankl9's exp]im5ts1 :i*1 t ! lett]s ( our au?or might n be too mu* int]rupt$1 we h ?\ght prop] to transf] to an ,app5dix4 ,a subsequ5t pap] by ,mr4 ,david ,cold51 entitl$ ,rem>ks on ! ,abb ,nollet's ,lett]s to ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 esq4 on ,electricity1 w be f\nd transf]r$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,,to ,,pet] ,,coll9son1 ,,esq4 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 ,,london4 ,electrical ,kite4 ,philadelphia1 ,oct4 #ai1 #ageb4 ,,sir1 ,z frequ5t m5tion is made 9 public pap]s f ,europe ( ! success ( ! ,philadelphia exp]im5t = draw+ ! electric fire f cl\ds by means ( po9t$ rods ( iron erect$ on high build+s1 c4 x may be agreeable to ! curi\s to be in=m$ t ! same exp]im5t has succe$$ 9 ,philadelphia1 ?\gh made 9 a diff]5t & m easy mann]1 :i* is z foll[s3 ,make a small cross ( two light /rips ( c$>1 ! arms s long z to rea* to ! f\r corn]s ( a l>ge ?9 silk h&k]*ief :5 ext5d$2 tie ! corn]s ( ! h&k]*ief to ! extremities ( ! cross1 s y h ! body ( a kite2 :i* be+ prop]ly accommodat$ ) a tail1 loop1 & /r+1 w rise 9 ! air1 l ^? made ( pap]2 b ?is be+ ( silk is fitt] to be> ! wet & w9d ( a ?und]-gu/ )\t te>+4 ,to ! top ( ! upright /ick ( ! cross is to be fix$ a v %>p po9t$ wire1 ris+ a foot or m above ! wood4 ,to ! end ( ! tw9e1 next ! h&1 is to be ti$ a silk ribbon1 & :]e ! silk & tw9e jo91 a key may be fa/5$4 ,?is kite is to be rais$ :5 a ?und]-gu/ appe>s to be com+ on1 & ! p]son :o holds ! /r+ mu/ /& )9 a door or w9d[1 or "u "s cov]1 s t ! silk ribbon may n be wet2 & c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! tw9e does n t\* ! frame ( ! door or w9d[4 ,z soon z any ( ! ?und] cl\ds come ov] ! kite1 ! po9t$ wire w draw ! electric fire f !m1 & ! kite1 ) all ! tw9e1 w be electrifi$1 & ! loose filam5ts ( ! tw9e w /& out e way1 & be attract$ by an approa*+ f+]4 ,& :5 ! ra9 has wett$ ! kite & tw9e1 s t x c conduct ! electric fire freely1 y w f9d x /ream out pl5tifully f ! key on ! approa* ( y\r knuckle4 ,at ?is key ! phial may be *>g$2 & f electric fire ?us obta9$1 spirits may be k9dl$1 & all ! o!r electric exp]im5ts be p]=m$1 :i* are usually done by ! help ( a rubb$ glass globe or tube1 & !reby ! sam5ess ( ! electric matt] ) t ( lightn+ completely demon/rat$4 ,b4 ,,frankl94 ,,to ,,pet] ,,coll9son1 ,,esq4 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 ,,london4 ,hypo!sis1 ( ! ,sea be+ ! gr& ,s\rce ( ,lightn+1 retract$4 ,positive1 & sometimes negative1 ,electricity ( ! ,cl\ds discov]$4--,new ,exp]im5ts & ,conjectures 9 ,support ( ?is ,discov]y4--,obs]vations recomm5d$ = asc]ta9+ ! ,direction ( ! electric ,fluid4--,size ( ,rods = ,conductors to ,build+s4--,appe>ance ( a ,?und]-,cl\d describ$4 ,philadelphia1 ,septemb]1 #agec4 ,,sir1 ,9 my =m] pap] on ?is subject1 writt5 fir/ 9 #agdg1 enl>g$ & s5t to ,engl& 9 #agdi1 ,i consid]$ ! sea z ! gr& s\rce ( lightn+1 imag9+ its lum9\s appe>ance to be ow+ to electric fire1 produc$ by friction betwe5 ! p>ticles ( wat] & ^? ( salt4 ,liv+ f> f ! sea1 ,i _h !n no opportunity ( mak+ exp]im5ts on ! sea-wat]1 & s embrac$ ?is op9ion too ha/ily4 ,= 9 #agej1 & #agea1 be+ occasionally on ! sea-coa/1 ,i f\nd1 by exp]im5ts1 t sea-wat] 9 a bottle1 ?\gh at fir/ x w\ld by agitation appe> lum9\s1 yet 9 a few h\rs x lo/ t virtue3 h5ce & f ?is1 t ,i c\ld n by agitat+ a solution ( sea-salt 9 wat] produce any light1 ,i fir/ began to d\bt ( my =m] hypo!sis1 & to suspect t ! lum9\s appe>ance 9 sea-wat] mu/ be ow+ to "s o!r pr9ciples4 ,i !n consid]$ :e!r x 7 n possible1 t ! p>ticles ( air1 be+ electrics p] se1 might1 9 h>d gales ( w9d1 by _! friction aga9/ trees1 hills1 build+s1 c4 z s _m m9ute electric globes1 rubb+ aga9/ non-electric cu%ions1 draw ! electric fire f ! e>?1 & t ! ris+ vap\rs might receive t fire f ! air1 & by su* means ! cl\ds become electrifi$4 ,if ?is 7 s1 ,i imag9$ t by =c+ a con/ant viol5t /ream ( air aga9/ my prime conductor1 by bell[s1 ,i %\ld electrify x negatively2 ! rubb+ p>ticles ( air1 draw+ f x "p ( its natural quantity ( ! electric fluid4 ,i accord+ly made ! exp]im5t1 b x did n succe$4 ,9 ,septemb] #ageb1 ,i erect$ an iron rod to draw ! lightn+ d[n into my h\se1 9 ord] to make "s exp]im5ts on x1 ) two bells to give notice :5 ! rod %\ld be electrifi$3 a contrivance obvi\s to e electrician4 ,i f\nd ! bells rang sometimes :5 !re 0 no lightn+ or ?und]1 b only a d>k cl\d ov] ! rod2 t sometimes aft] a fla% ( lightn+ !y w\ld sudd5ly /op2 & at o!r times1 :5 !y _h n rang be=e1 !y w\ld1 aft] a fla%1 sudd5ly beg9 to r+2 t ! electricity 0 sometimes v fa9t1 s t :5 a small sp>k 0 obta9$1 ano!r c\ld n be got = "s "t aft]2 at o!r times ! sp>ks w\ld foll[ extremely quick1 & once ,i _h a cont9ual /ream f bell to bell1 ! size ( a cr[-quill3 ev5 dur+ ! same gu/ !re 7 consid]able v>iations4 ,9 ! w9t] foll[+ ,i conceiv$ an exp]im5t1 to try :e!r ! cl\ds 7 electrifi$ positively or negatively2 b my po9t$ rod1 ) its app>atus1 becom+ out ( ord]1 ,i did n refit x till t[>ds ! spr+1 :5 ,i expect$ ! w>m wea!r w\ld br+ on m frequ5t ?und]-cl\ds4 ,! exp]im5t 0 ?is3 ,to take two phials2 *>ge "o ( !m ) lightn+ f ! iron rod1 & give ! o!r an equal *>ge by ! electric glass globe1 ?r\gh ! prime conductor3 :5 *>g$1 to place !m on a table )9 ?ree or f\r in*es ( ea* o!r1 a small cork ball be+ susp5d$ by a f9e silk ?read f ! ciel+1 s z x might play betwe5 ! wires4 ,if bo? bottles !n 7 electrifi$ positively1 ! ball be+ attract$ & repell$ by "o1 mu/ be also repell$ by ! o!r4 ,if ! "o positively1 & ! o!r negatively2 !n ! ball w\ld be attract$ & repell$ alt]nately by ea*1 & cont9ue to play betwe5 !m z long z any consid]able *>ge rema9$4 ,be+ v int5t on mak+ ?is exp]im5t1 x 0 no small mortification to me1 t ,i happ5$ to be abroad dur+ two ( ! greate/ ?und]-/orms we _h e>ly 9 ! spr+1 & ?\gh ,i _h giv5 ord]s 9 my family1 t if ! bells rang :5 ,i 0 f home1 !y %\ld cat* "s ( ! lightn+ = me 9 electrical phials1 & !y did s1 yet x 0 mo/ly dissipat$ be=e my return1 & 9 "s ( ! o!r gu/s1 ! quantity ( lightn+ ,i 0 able to obta9 0 s small1 & ! *>ge s weak1 t ,i c\ld n satisfy myself3 yet ,i sometimes saw :at height5$ my suspicions1 & inflam$ my curiosity4 ,at la/1 on ! #ab? ( ,april1 #agec1 !re be+ a sm>t gu/ ( "s cont9uance1 ,i *>g$ "o phial pretty well ) lightn+1 & ! o!r equally1 z ne> z ,i c\ld judge1 ) electricity f my glass globe2 &1 hav+ plac$ !m prop]ly1 ,i beheld1 ) great surprize & pleasure1 ! cork ball play briskly betwe5 !m2 & 0 conv9c$ t "o bottle 0 electris$ negatively4 ,i repeat$ ?is exp]im5t sev]al times dur+ ! gu/1 & 9 eight succe$+ gu/s1 always ) ! same success2 & be+ ( op9ion 7= reasons ,i =m]ly gave 9 my lett] to ,mr4 ,k9n]sley1 s9ce pr9t$ 9 ,london7 t ! glass globe electrises positively1 ,i conclud$ t ! cl\ds are always electris$ negatively1 or h always 9 !m less ?an _! natural quantity ( ! electric fluid4 ,yet not)/&+ s _m exp]im5ts1 x seems ,i conclud$ too soon2 = at la/1 ,june ! #f?1 9 a gu/ :i* cont9u$ f five o'clock1 ,p4 ,m4 to sev51 ,i met ) "o cl\d t 0 electris$ positively1 ?\gh sev]al t pass$ ov] my rod be=e1 dur+ ! same gu/1 7 9 ! negative /ate4 ,?is 0 ?us discov]$3 ,i _h ano!r concurr+ exp]im5t1 :i* ,i (t5 repeat$1 to prove ! negative /ate ( ! cl\ds1 viz4 :ile ! bells 7 r++1 ,i took ! phial *>g$ f ! glass globe1 & appli$ its wire to ! erect$ rod1 consid]+1 t if ! cl\ds 7 electris$ positively1 ! rod :i* receiv$ its electricity f !m mu/ be s too2 & !n ! additional positive electricity ( ! phial w\ld make ! bells r+ fa/]3--,b1 if ! cl\ds 7 9 a negative /ate1 !y mu/ exhau/ ! electric fluid f my rod1 & br+ t into ! same negative /ate ) !mselves1 & !n ! wire ( a positively *>g$ phial1 supply+ ! rod ) :at x want$ 7:i* x 0 oblig$ o!rwise to draw f ! e>? by means ( ! p5dul\s brass ball play+ betwe5 ! two bells7 ! r++ w\ld cease till ! bottle 0 dis*>g$4 ,9 ?is mann] ,i q dis*>g$ into ! rod sev]al phials t 7 *>g$ f ! glass globe1 ! electric fluid /ream+ f ! wire to ! rod1 till ! wire w\ld receive no sp>k f ! f+]2 &1 dur+ ?is supply to ! rod f ! phial1 ! bells /opp$ r++2 b by cont9u+ ! application ( ! phial wire to ! rod1 ,i exhau/$ ! natural quantity f ! inside surface ( ! same phials1 or1 z ,i call x1 *>g$ !m negatively4 ,at l5g?1 :ile ,i 0 *>g+ a phial by my glass globe1 to repeat ?is exp]im5t1 my bells1 ( !mselves1 /opp$ r++1 &1 aft] "s pause1 began to r+ aga94--,b n[1 :5 ,i approa*$ ! wire ( ! *>g$ phial to ! rod1 in/ead ( ! usual /ream t ,i expect$ f ! wire to ! rod1 !re 0 no sp>k2 n ev5 :5 ,i br\ght ! wire & ! rod to t\*2 yet ! bells cont9u$ r++ vigor\sly1 :i* prov$ to me1 t ! rod 0 !n positively electrifi$1 z well z ! wire ( ! phial1 & equally s2 &1 consequ5tly1 t ! p>ticul> cl\d !n ov] ! rod 0 9 ! same positive /ate4 ,?is 0 ne> ! end ( ! gu/4 ,b ?is 0 a s+le exp]im5t1 :i*1 h[ev]1 de/roys my fir/ too g5]al conclusion1 & r$uces me to ?is3 ,t ! cl\ds ( a ?und]-gu/ are mo/ commonly 9 a negative /ate ( electricity1 b sometimes 9 a positive /ate4 ,! latt] ,i believe is r>e2 = ?\gh ,i soon aft] ! la/ exp]im5t set out on a j\rney to ,bo/on1 & 0 f home mo/ "p ( ! summ]1 :i* prev5t$ my mak+ f>!r trials & obs]vations2 yet ,mr4 ,k9n]sley return+ f ! ,isl&s j z ,i left home1 pursu$ ! exp]im5ts dur+ my abs5ce1 & in=ms me t he always f\nd ! cl\ds 9 ! negative /ate4 ,s t1 = ! mo/ "p1 9 ?und]-/rokes1 x is ! e>? t /rikes into ! cl\ds1 & n ! cl\ds t /rike into ! e>?4 ,^? :o are v]s$ 9 electric exp]im5ts1 w easily conceive1 t ! effects & appe>ances mu/ be ne>ly ! same 9 ei!r case2 ! same explosion1 & ! same fla% betwe5 "o cl\d & ano!r1 & betwe5 ! cl\ds & m\nta9s1 c4 ! same r5d+ ( trees1 walls1 c4 :i* ! electric fluid meets ) 9 its passage1 & ! same fatal %ock to animal bodies2 & t po9t$ rods fix$ on build+s1 or ma/s ( %ips1 & communicat+ ) ! e>? or sea1 mu/ be ( ! same s]vice 9 re/or+ ! equilibrium sil5tly betwe5 ! e>? & cl\ds1 or 9 conduct+ a fla% or /roke1 if "o %\ld be1 s z to save h>mless ! h\se or vessel3 = po9ts h equal p[] to ?r[ (f1 z to draw on ! electric fire1 &1 rods w conduct up z well z d[n4 ,b ?\gh ! light ga9$ f ^! exp]im5ts makes no alt]ation 9 ! practice1 x makes a consid]able "o 9 ! !ory4 ,& n[ we z mu* ne$ an hypo!sis to expla9 by :at means ! cl\ds become negatively1 z be=e to %ew h[ !y became positively electrifi$4 ,i _c =be> v5tur+ "s few conjectures on ?is occasion3 !y are :at occur to me at pres5t1 & ?\gh future discov]ies %\ld prove !m n :olly "r1 yet !y may 9 ! mean "t be ( "s use1 by /irr+ up ! curi\s to make m exp]im5ts1 & occasion m exact disquisitions4 ,i conceive !n1 t ?is globe ( e>? & wat]1 ) its plants1 animals1 & build+s1 h diffus$ ?r\gh\t _! sub/ance1 a quantity ( ! electric fluid1 j z mu* z !y c conta91 :i* ,i call ! natural quantity4 ,t ?is natural quantity is n ! same 9 all k9ds ( common matt] "u ! same dim5sions1 nor 9 ! same k9d ( common matt] 9 all circum/ances2 b a solid foot1 = in/ance1 ( "o k9d ( common matt]1 may conta9 m ( ! electric fluid ?an a solid foot ( "s o!r k9d ( common matt]2 & a p\nd weight ( ! same k9d ( common matt] may1 :5 9 a r>] /ate1 conta9 m ( ! electric fluid ?an :5 9 a d5s] /ate4 ,= ! electric fluid1 be+ attract$ by any portion ( common matt]1 ! p>ts ( t fluid1 7:i* h among !mselves a mutual repulsion7 are br\ght s ne> to ea* o!r by ! attraction ( ! common matt] t absorbs !m1 z t _! repulsion is equal to ! cond5s+ p[] ( attraction 9 common matt]2 & !n su* portion ( common matt] w absorb no m4 ,bodies ( diff]5t k9ds hav+ ?us attract$ & absorb$ :at ,i call _! natural quantity1 i4 e4 j z mu* ( ! electric fluid z is suit$ to _! circum/ances ( d5sity1 r>ity1 & p[] ( attract+1 d n !n %[ any signs ( electricity among ea* o!r4 ,& if m electric fluid be add$ to "o ( ^! bodies1 x does n ent]1 b spreads on ! surface1 =m+ an atmosph]e2 & !n su* body %ews signs ( electricity4 ,i h 9 a =m] pap] comp>$ common matt] to a spunge1 & ! electric fluid to wat]3 ,i beg leave once m to make use ( ! same comp>ison1 to illu/rate f>!r my mean+ 9 ?is p>ticul>4 ,:5 a spunge is some:at cond5s$ by be+ squeez$ betwe5 ! f+]s1 x w n receive & reta9 s mu* wat] z :5 9 its m loose & op5 /ate4 ,if m squeez$ & cond5s$1 "s ( ! wat] w come out ( its inn] p>ts1 & fl[ on ! surface4 ,if ! pressure ( ! f+]s be entirely remov$1 ! spunge w n only resume :at 0 lately =c$ out1 b attract an additional quantity4 ,z ! spunge 9 its r>] /ate w naturally attract & absorb m wat]1 & 9 its d5s] /ate w naturally attract & absorb less wat]2 we may call ! quantity x attacks & absorbs 9 ei!r /ate1 its natural quantity1 ! /ate be+ consid]$4 ,n[ :at ! spunge is to wat]1 ! same is wat] to ! electric fluid4 ,:5 a portion ( wat] is 9 its common d5se /ate1 x c hold no m electric fluid ?an x has3 if any be add$1 x spreads on ! surface4 ,:5 ! same portion ( wat] is r>efi$ into vap\r1 & =ms a cl\d1 x is !n capable ( receiv+ & absorb+ a mu* great] quantity2 !re is room = ea* p>ticle to h an electric atmosph]e4 ,?us wat]1 9 its r>efi$ /ate1 or 9 ! =m ( a cl\d1 w be 9 a negative /ate ( electricity2 x w h less ?an its natural quantity2 t is1 less ?an x is naturally capable ( attract+ & absorb+ 9 t /ate4 ,su* a cl\d1 !n1 com+ s ne> ! e>? z to be )9 ! /rik+ di/ance1 w receive f ! e>? a fla% ( ! electric fluid2 :i* fla%1 to supply a great ext5t ( cl\d1 mu/ sometimes conta9 a v great quantity ( t fluid4 ,or su* a cl\d1 pass+ ov] woods ( tall trees1 may f ! po9ts & %>p edges ( _! moi/ top leaves1 receive sil5tly "s supply4 ,a cl\d be+ by any means suppli$ f ! e>?1 may /rike into o!r cl\ds t h n be5 suppli$1 or n s mu* suppli$2 & ^? to o!rs1 till an equilibrium is produc$ among all ! cl\ds t are )9 /rik+ di/ance ( ea* o!r4 ,! cl\d ?us suppli$1 hav+ p>t$ ) mu* ( :at x fir/ receiv$1 may require & receive a fre% supply f ! e>?1 or f "s o!r cl\d1 :i* by ! w9d is br\ght into su* a situation z to receive x m readily f ! e>?4 ,h5ce repeat$ & cont9ual /rokes & fla%es till ! cl\ds h all got ne>ly _! natural quantity z cl\ds1 or till !y h desc5d$ 9 %[]s1 & are unit$ aga9 ) ?is t]raque\s globe1 _! orig9al4 ,?us1 ?und]-cl\ds are g5]ally 9 a negative /ate ( electricity comp>$ ) ! e>?1 agreeable to mo/ ( our exp]im5ts2 yet z by "o exp]im5t we f\nd a cl\d electris$ positively1 ,i conjecture t1 9 t case1 su* cl\d1 aft] hav+ receiv$ :at 01 9 its r>e /ate1 only its natural quantity1 became compress$ by ! driv+ w9ds1 or "s o!r means1 s t "p ( :at x _h absorb$ 0 =c$ out1 & =m$ an electric atmosph]e ar\nd x 9 its d5s] /ate4 ,h5ce x 0 capable ( communicat+ positive electricity to my rod4 ,to %[ t a body 9 diff]5t circum/ances ( dilatation & contraction is capable ( receiv+ & reta9+ m or less ( ! electric fluid on its surface1 ,i w\ld relate ! foll[+ exp]im5t3 ,i plac$ a clean w9e glass on ! floor1 & on x a small silv] c4 ,9 ! c ,i put ab\t ?ree y>ds ( brass *a92 to "o end ( :i* ,i fa/5$ a silk ?read1 :i* w5t "r up to ! ciel+1 :]e x pass$ ov] a pulley1 & came d[n aga9 to my h&1 t ,i might at pleasure draw ! *a9 up out ( ! c1 ext5d+ x till )9 a foot ( ! ciel+1 & let x gradually s9k into ! c aga94--,f ! ciel+1 by ano!r ?read ( f9e raw silk1 ,i susp5d$ a small light lock ( cotton1 s z t :5 x hung p]p5dicul>ly1 x came 9 contact ) ! side ( ! c4--,!n approa*+ ! wire ( a *>g$ phial to ! c1 ,i gave x a sp>k1 :i* fl[$ r\nd 9 an electric atmosph]e2 & ! lock ( cotton 0 repell$ f ! side ( ! c to ! di/ance ( ab\t n9e or t5 in*es4 ,! c w\ld n !n receive ano!r sp>k f ! wire ( ! phial2 b z ,i gradually drew up ! *a91 ! atmosph]e ( ! c dim9i%$ by fl[+ ov] ! ris+ *a91 & ! lock ( cotton accord+ly drew ne>] & ne>] to ! c2 & !n1 if ,i aga9 br\ght ! phial wire ne> ! c1 x w\ld receive ano!r sp>k1 & ! cotton fly (f aga9 to its fir/ di/ance2 & ?us1 z ! *a9 0 drawn high]1 ! c w\ld receive m sp>ks2 because ! c & ext5d$ *a9 7 capable ( support+ a great] atmosph]e ?an ! c ) ! *a9 ga!r$ up into its belly4--,& t ! atmosph]e r\nd ! c 0 dim9i%$ by rais+ ! *a91 & increas$ aga9 by l[]+ x1 is n only agreeable to reason1 s9ce ! atmosph]e ( ! *a91 mu/ be drawn f t ( ! c1 :5 x rose1 & return$ to x aga9 :5 x fell2 b 0 also evid5t to ! eye1 ! lock ( cotton always approa*+ ! c :5 ! *a9 0 drawn up1 & rec$+ :5 x 0 let d[n aga94 ,?us we see t increase ( surface makes a body capable ( receiv+ a great] electric atmosph]e3 b ?is exp]im5t does n1 ,i own1 fully demon/rate my new hypo!sis2 = ! brass & silv] /ill cont9ue 9 _! solid /ate1 & are n r>efi$ into vap\r1 z ! wat] is 9 cl\ds4 ,p]haps "s future exp]im5ts on vap\riz$ wat] may set ?is matt] 9 a cle>] light4 ,"o seem+ly mat]ial objection arises to ! new hypo!sis1 & x is ?is3 ,if wat]1 9 its r>efi$ /ate1 z a cl\d1 requires1 & w absorb m ( ! electric fluid ?an :5 9 its d5se /ate z wat]1 :y does x n acquire f ! e>? all x wants at ! in/ant ( its leav+ ! surface1 :ile x is yet ne>1 & b j ris+ 9 vap\r8 ,to ?is difficulty ,i own ,i _c at pres5t give a solution satisfactory to myself3 ,i ?\ght1 h[ev]1 t ,i ought to /ate x 9 its full =ce1 z ,i h done1 & submit ! :ole to exam9ation4 ,& ,i w\ld beg leave to recomm5d x to ! curi\s 9 ?is bran* ( natural philosophy1 to repeat ) c>e & accurate obs]vation ! exp]im5ts ,i h report$ 9 ?is & =m] pap]s relat+ to positive & negative electricity1 ) su* o!r relative ones z %all occur to !m1 t x may be c]ta9ly kn[n :e!r ! electricity communicat$ by a glass globe1 be really positive4 ,& also ,i w\ld reque/ all :o may h an opportunity ( obs]v+ ! rec5t effects ( lightn+ on build+s1 trees1 c4 t !y w\ld consid] !m p>ticul>ly ) a view to discov] ! direction4 ,b 9 ^! exam9ations1 ?is "o ?+ is always to be und]/ood1 viz4 t a /ream ( ! electric fluid pass+ ?r\gh wood1 brick1 metal1 c4 :ile su* fluid passes 9 small quantity1 ! mutually repulsive p[] ( its p>ts is conf9$ & ov]come by ! cohesion ( ! p>ts ( ! body x passes ?r\gh1 s z to prev5t an explosion2 b :5 ! fluid comes 9 a quantity too great to be conf9$ by su* cohesion1 x explodes1 & r5ds or fuses ! body t endeav\r$ to conf9e x4 ,if x be wood1 brick1 /one1 or ! l1 ! spl9t]s w fly (f on t side :]e !re is lea/ resi/ance4 ,& ?us1 :5 a hole is /ruck ?r\gh pa/ebo>d by ! electrifi$ j>1 if ! surfaces ( ! pa/ebo>d are n conf9$ or compress$1 !re w be a bur rais$ all r\nd ! hole on bo? sides ! pa/ebo>d2 b if "o side be conf9$1 s t ! bur _c be rais$ on t side1 x w be all rais$ on ! o!r1 :i* way soev] ! fluid 0 direct$4 ,= ! bur r\nd ! outside ( ! hole1 is ! effect ( ! explosion e way f ! c5tre ( ! /ream1 & n an effect ( ! direction4 ,9 e /roke ( lightn+1 ,i am ( op9ion t ! /ream ( ! electric fluid1 mov+ to re/ore ! equilibrium betwe5 ! cl\d & ! e>?1 does always previ\sly f9d its passage1 & m>k out1 z ,i may say1 its own c\rse1 tak+ 9 its way all ! conductors x c f9d1 su* z metals1 damp walls1 moi/ wood1 c4 & w g consid]ably out ( a direct c\rse1 = ! sake ( ! assi/ance ( good conductors2 & t1 9 ?is c\rse1 x is actually mov+1 ?\gh sil5tly & imp]ceptibly1 be=e ! explosion1 9 & among ! conductors2 :i* explosion happ5s only :5 ! conductors _c dis*>ge x z fa/ z !y receive x1 by reason ( _! be+ incomplete1 dis-unit$1 too small1 or n ( ! be/ mat]ials = conduct+4 ,metall9e rods1 !re=e1 ( suffici5t ?ickness1 & ext5d+ f ! highe/ "p ( an edifice to ! gr\nd1 be+ ( ! be/ mat]ials & complete conductors1 w1 ,i ?9k1 secure ! build+ f damage1 ei!r by re/or+ ! equilibrium s fa/ z to prev5t a /roke1 or by conduct+ x 9 ! sub/ance ( ! rod z f> z ! rod goes1 s t !re %all be no explosion b :at is above its po9t1 betwe5 t & ! cl\ds4 ,if x be ask$1 :at ?ickness ( a metall9e rod may be suppos$ suffici5t8 ,9 answ]1 ,i w\ld rem>k1 t five l>ge glass j>s1 su* z ,i h describ$ 9 my =m] pap]s1 dis*>ge a v great quantity ( electricity1 :i* nev]!less w be all conduct$ r\nd ! corn] ( a book1 by ! f9e fillet+ ( gold on ! cov]1 x foll[+ ! gold ! f>!/ way ab\t1 r ?an take ! %ort] c\rse ?r\gh ! cov]1 t n be+ s good a conductor4 ,n[ 9 ?is l9e ( gold1 ! metal is s extremely ?9 z to be little m ?an ! col\r ( gold1 & on an octavo book is n 9 ! :ole an in* squ>e1 & !re=e n ! ?irty-six? "p ( a gra91 accord+ to ,m4 ,reaumur2 yet x is suffici5t to conduct ! *>ge ( five l>ge j>s1 & h[ _m m ,i "k n4 ,n[1 ,i suppose a wire ( a qu>t] ( an in* diamet] to conta9 ab\t five ?\s& times z mu* metal z !re is 9 t gold l9e1 & if s1 x w conduct ! *>ge ( tw5ty-five ?\s& su* glass j>s1 :i* is a quantity1 ,i imag9e1 f> beyond :at 0 ev] conta9$ 9 any "o /roke ( natural lightn+4 ,b a rod ( half an in* diamet] w\ld conduct f\r times z mu* z "o ( a qu>t]4 ,& ) reg>d to conduct+1 ?\gh a c]ta9 ?ickness ( metal be requir$ to conduct a great quantity ( electricity1 &1 at ! same "t1 keep its own sub/ance firm & unsep>at$2 & a less quantity1 z a v small wire = in/ance1 w be de/roy$ by ! explosion2 yet su* small wire w h answ]$ ! end ( conduct+ t /roke1 ?\gh x become incapable ( conduct+ ano!r4 ,& consid]+ ! extreme rapidity ) :i* ! electric fluid moves )\t explod+1 :5 x has a free passage1 or compleat metal communication1 ,i %\ld ?9k a va/ quantity w\ld be conduct$ 9 a %ort "t1 ei!r to or f a cl\d1 to re/ore its equilibrium ) ! e>?1 by means ( a v small wire2 & !re=e ?ick rods %\ld seem n s necess>y4--,h[ev]1 z ! quantity ( lightn+ dis*>g$ 9 "o /roke1 _c well be measur$1 &1 9 diff]5t /rokes1 is c]ta9ly v v>i\s1 9 "s mu* great] ?an o!rs2 & z iron 7! be/ metal = ! purpose1 be+ lea/ apt to fuse7 is *eap1 x may be well en\gh to provide a l>g] canal to guide t impetu\s bla/ ?an we imag9e necess>y3 =1 ?\gh "o middl+ wire may be suffici5t1 two or ?ree c d no h>m4 ,& "t1 ) c>eful obs]vations well comp>$1 w at l5g? po9t out ! prop] size to great] c]ta9ty4 ,po9t$ rods erect$ on edifices may likewise (t5 prev5t a /roke1 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,an eye s situat$ z to view horizontally ! "u side ( a ?und]-cl\d1 w see x v ragg$1 ) a numb] ( sep>ate fragm5ts1 or petty cl\ds1 "o "u ano!r1 ! l[e/ sometimes n f> f ! e>?4 ,^!1 z s _m /epp+-/ones1 assi/ 9 conduct+ a /roke betwe5 ! cl\d & a build+4 ,to repres5t ^! by an exp]im5t1 take two or ?ree locks ( f9e loose cotton1 connect "o ( !m ) ! prime conductor by a f9e ?read ( two in*es 7:i* may be spun out ( ! same lock by ! f+]s7 ano!r to t1 & ! ?ird to ! second1 by l ?reads4--,turn ! globe & y w see ^! locks ext5d !mselves t[>ds ! table 7z ! l[] small cl\ds d t[>ds ! e>?7 be+ attract$ by x3 b on pres5t+ a %>p po9t erect "u ! l[e/1 x w %r9k up to ! second1 ! second to ! fir/1 & all toge!r to ! prime conductor1 :]e !y w cont9ue z long z ! po9t cont9ues "u !m4 ,may n1 9 l mann]1 ! small electris$ cl\ds1 ^: equilibrium ) ! e>? is soon re/or$ by ! po9t1 rise up to ! ma9 body1 & by t means occasion s l>ge a vacancy1 z t ! gr& cl\d _c /rike 9 t place8 ,^! ?\ghts1 my de> fri5d1 are _m ( !m crude & ha/y2 & if ,i 7 m]ely ambiti\s ( acquir+ "s reputation 9 philosophy1 ,i ought to keep !m by me1 till correct$ & improv$ by "t1 & f>!r exp]i5ce4 ,b s9ce ev5 %ort h9ts & imp]fect exp]im5ts 9 any new bran* ( sci5ce1 be+ communicat$1 h (t5times a good effect1 9 excit+ ! att5tion ( ! +5i\s to ! subject1 & s become ! occasion ( m exact disquisition1 & m compleat discov]ies1 y are at lib]ty to communicate ?is pap] to :om y please2 x be+ ( m importance t k %\ld increase1 ?an t y\r fri5d %\ld be ?\ght an accurate philosoph]4 ,b4 ,,frankl94 ,,to ,,pet] ,,coll9son1 ,,esq4 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 ,,london4 ,additional ,pro(s ( ! positive & negative ,/ate ( ,electricity 9 ! ,cl\ds4--,new ,me?od ( asc]ta9+ x4 ,philadelphia1 ,april #ah1 #aged4 ,,sir1 ,s9ce ,septemb] la/1 hav+ be5 abroad on two long j\rneys1 & o!rwise mu* engag$1 ,i h made b few obs]vations on ! positive & negative /ate ( electricity 9 ! cl\ds4 ,b ,mr4 ,k9n]sley kept 8 rod & bells 9 good ord]1 & has made _m4 ,once ?is w9t] ! bells rang a long "t1 dur+ a fall ( sn[1 ?\gh no ?und] 0 he>d1 or lightn+ se54 ,sometimes ! fla%es & cracks ( ! electric matt] betwe5 bell & bell 7 s l>ge & l\d z to be he>d all ov] ! h\se3 b by all 8 obs]vations1 ! cl\ds 7 con/antly 9 a negative /ate1 till ab\t six weeks ago1 :5 he f\nd !m once to *ange 9 a few m9utes f ! negative to ! positive4 ,ab\t a =tnight aft] t1 he made ano!r obs]vation ( ! same k9d2 & la/ ,monday aft]noon1 ! w9d bl[+ h>d at ,s4 ,e4 & ve]+ r\nd to ,n4 ,e4 ) _m ?ick driv+ cl\ds1 !re 7 five or six successive *anges f negative to positive1 & f positive to negative1 ! bells /opp+ a m9ute or two betwe5 e *ange4 ,besides ! me?ods m5tion$ 9 my pap] ( ,septemb] la/1 ( discov]+ ! electrical /ate ( ! cl\ds1 ! foll[+ may be us$4 ,:5 y\r bells are r++1 pass a rubb$ tube by ! edge ( ! bell1 connect$ ) y\r po9t$ rod3 if ! cl\d is !n 9 a negative /ate1 ! r++ w /op2 if 9 a positive /ate1 x w cont9ue1 & p]haps be quick]4 ,or1 susp5d a v small cork-ball by a f9e silk ?read1 s t x may hang close to ! edge ( ! rod-bell3 !n :5ev] ! bell is electrifi$1 :e!r positively or negatively1 ! little ball w be repell$1 & cont9ue at "s di/ance f ! bell4 ,h ready a r\nd-head$ glass /opp] ( a decant]1 rub x on y\r side till x is electrifi$1 !n pres5t x to ! cork-ball4 ,if ! electricity 9 ! ball is positive1 x w be repell$ f ! glass /opp] z well z f ! bell4 ,if negative1 x w fly to ! /opp]4 ,b4 ,,frankl94 ,,electrical ,,exp]im5ts1 ,) an attempt to acc\nt = _! sev]al phnom5a4 ,toge!r ) "s obs]vations on ?und]-cl\ds1 9 fur!r confirmation ( ,mr4 ,frankl9's obs]vations on ! positive & negative electrical /ate ( ! cl\ds1 by ,john ,canton1 ,m4 ,a4 & ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 ,dec4 #f1 #agec4 ,,exp]im5t ,i4 ,f ! ciel+1 or any conv5i5t "p ( a room1 let two cork-balls1 ea* ab\t ! bigness ( a small pea1 be susp5d$ by l95 ?reads ( eight or n9e in*es 9 l5g?1 s z to be 9 contact ) ea* o!r4 ,br+ ! excit$ glass tube "u ! balls1 & !y w be sep>at$ by x1 :5 held at ! di/ance ( ?ree or f\r feet2 let x be br\ght ne>]1 & !y w /& f>!r ap>t2 entirely )draw x1 & !y w imm$iately come toge!r4 ,?is exp]im5t may be made ) v small brass balls hung by silv] wire2 & w succe$ z well ) seal+-wax made electrical1 z ) glass4 ,,exp]im5t ,,ii4 ,if two cork-balls be susp5d$ by dry silk ?reads1 ! excit$ tube mu/ be br\ght )9 eighte5 in*es be=e !y w repel ea* o!r2 :i* !y w cont9ue to d1 = "s "t1 aft] ! tube is tak5 away4 ,z ! balls 9 ! fir/ exp]im5t are n insulat$1 !y _c prop]ly be said to be electrifi$3 b :5 !y hang )9 ! atmosph]e ( ! excit$ tube1 !y may attract & cond5se ! electrical fluid r\nd ab\t !m1 & be sep>at$ by ! repulsion ( its p>ticles4 ,x is conjectur$ also1 t ! balls at ?is "t conta9 less ?an _! common %>e ( ! electrical fluid1 on acc\nt ( ! repell+ p[] ( t :i* surr\nds !m2 ?\gh "s1 p]haps1 is cont9ually ent]+ & pass+ ?r\gh ! ?reads4 ,& if t be ! case1 ! reason is pla9 :y ! balls hung by silk1 9 ! second exp]im5t1 mu/ be 9 a mu* m d5se "p ( ! atmosph]e ( ! tube1 be=e !y w repel ea* o!r4 ,at ! approa* ( an excit$ /ick ( wax to ! balls1 9 ! fir/ exp]im5t1 ! electrical fire is suppos$ to come ?r\gh ! ?reads into ! balls1 & be cond5s$ !re1 9 its passage t[>ds ! wax2 =1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,frankl91 excit$ glass emits ! electrical fluid1 b excit$ wax receives x4 ,,exp]im5t ,,iii4 ,let a t9 tube1 ( f\r or five feet 9 l5g?1 & ab\t two in*es 9 diamet]1 be insulat$ by silk2 & f "o end ( x let ! cork-balls be susp5d$ by l95 ?reads4 ,electrify x1 by br++ ! excit$ glass tube ne> ! o!r end1 s z t ! balls may /& an in* & an half1 or two in*es1 ap>t3 !n1 at ! approa* ( ! excit$ tube1 !y w1 by degrees1 lose _! repell+ p[]1 & come into contact2 & z ! tube is br\ght /ill ne>]1 !y w sep>ate aga9 to z great a di/ance z be=e3 9 ! return ( ! tube !y w approa* ea* o!r till !y t\*1 & !n repel z at fir/4 ,if ! t9 tube be electrifi$ by wax1 or ! wire ( a *>g$ phial1 ! balls w be affect$ 9 ! same mann] at ! approa* ( excit$ wax1 or ! wire ( ! phial4 ,,exp]im5t ,,iv4 ,electrify ! cork-balls z 9 ! la/ exp]im5t by glass1 & at ! approa* ( an excit$ /ick ( wax _! repulsion w be increas$4 ,! effect w be ! same1 if ! excit$ glass be br\ght t[>ds !m1 :5 !y h be5 electrifi$ by wax4 ,! br++ ! excit$ glass to ! end1 or edge ( ! t9-tube1 9 ! ?ird exp]im5t1 is suppos$ to electrify x positively1 or to add to ! electrical fire x be=e conta9$2 & !re=e "s w be runn+ (f ?r\gh ! balls1 & !y w repel ea* o!r4 ,b at ! approa* ( excit$ glass1 :i* likewise emits ! electrical fluid1 ! dis*>ge ( x f ! balls w be dim9i%$2 or "p w be driv5 back1 by a =ce act+ 9 a contr>y direction3 & !y w come ne>] toge!r4 ,if ! tube be held at su* a di/ance f ! balls1 t ! excess ( ! d5sity ( ! fluid r\nd ab\t !m1 above ! common quantity 9 air1 be equal to ! excess ( ! d5sity ( t )9 !m1 above ! common quantity conta9$ 9 cork2 _! repulsion w be q de/roy$4 ,b if ! tube be br\ght ne>]2 ! fluid )\t be+ m d5se ?an t )9 ! balls1 x w be attract$ by !m1 & !y w rec$e f ea* o!r aga94 ,:5 ! app>atus has lo/ "p ( its natural %>e ( ?is fluid1 by ! approa* ( excit$ wax to "o end ( x1 or is electrifi$ negatively2 ! electrical fire is attract$ & imbib$ by ! balls to supply ! defici5cy2 & t m pl5tifully at ! approa* ( excit$ glass2 or a body positively electrifi$1 ?an be=e2 :5ce ! di/ance betwe5 ! balls w be increas$1 z ! fluid surr\nd+ !m is augm5t$4 ,& 9 g5]al1 :e!r by ! approa* or recess ( any body2 if ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! d5sity ( ! int]nal & ext]nal fluid be increas$1 or dim9i%$2 ! repulsion ( ! balls w be increas$1 or dim9i%$1 accord+ly4 ,,exp]im5t ,v4 ,:5 ! insulat$ t9 tube is n electrifi$1 br+ ! excit$ glass tube t[>ds ! middle ( x1 s z to be ne>ly at "r angles ) x1 & ! balls at ! end w repel ea* o!r2 & ! m s1 z ! excit$ tube is br\ght ne>]4 ,:5 x has be5 held a few seconds1 at ! di/ance ( ab\t six in*es1 )draw x1 & ! balls w approa* ea* o!r till !y t\*2 & !n sep>at+ aga91 z ! tube is mov$ f>!r (f1 w cont9ue to repel :5 x is tak5 q away4 ,& ?is repulsion betwe5 ! balls w be increas$ by ! approa* ( excit$ glass1 b dim9i%$ by excit$ wax2 j z if ! app>atus _h be5 electrifi$ by wax1 aft] ! mann] describ$ 9 ! ?ird exp]im5t4 ,,exp]im5t ,,vi4 ,insulate two t9 tubes1 di/+ui%$ by ,a & ,b1 s z to be 9 a l9e ) ea* o!r1 & ab\t half an in* ap>t2 & at ! remote end ( ea*1 let a pair ( cork balls be susp5d$4 ,t[>ds ! middle ( ,a1 br+ ! excit$ glass tube1 & hold+ x a %ort "t1 at ! di/ance ( a few in*es1 ea* pair ( balls w be obs]v$ to sep>ate3 )draw ! tube1 & ! balls ( ,a w come toge!r1 & !n repel ea* o!r aga92 b ^? ( ,b w h>dly be affect$4 ,by ! approa* ( ! excit$ glass tube1 held "u ! balls ( ,a1 _! repulsion w be increas$3 b if ! tube be br\ght1 9 ! same mann]1 t[>ds ! balls ( ,b1 _! repulsion w be dim9i%$4 ,9 ! fif? exp]im5t1 ! common /ock ( electrical matt] 9 ! t9 tube1 is suppos$ to be att5uat$ ab\t ! middle1 & to be cond5s$ at ! ends1 by ! repell+ p[] ( ! atmosph]e ( ! excit$ glass tube1 :5 held ne> x4 ,& p]haps ! t9 tube may lose "s ( its natural quantity ( ! electrical fluid1 be=e x receives any f ! glass2 z t fluid w m readily run (f f ! ends & edges ( x1 ?an ent] at ! middle3 & accord+ly1 :5 ! glass tube is )drawn1 & ! fluid is aga9 equally diffus$ ?r\gh ! app>atus1 x is f\nd to be electrifi$ negatively3 = excit$ glass br\ght "u ! balls w increase _! repulsion4 ,9 ! six? exp]im5t1 "p ( ! fluid driv5 out ( "o t9 tube ent]s ! o!r2 :i* is f\nd to be electrifi$ positively1 by ! decreas+ ( ! repulsion ( its balls1 at ! approa* ( excit$ glass4 ,,exp]im5t ,,vii4 ,let ! t9 tube1 ) a pair ( balls at "o end1 be plac$ ?ree feet at lea/ f any "p ( ! room1 & ! air r5d]$ v dry by means ( a fire3 electrify ! app>atus to a consid]able degree2 !n t\* ! t9 tube ) a f+]1 or any o!r conductor1 & ! balls w1 not)/&+1 cont9ue to repel ea* o!r2 ?\gh n at s great a di/ance z be=e4 ,! air surr\nd+ ! app>atus to ! di/ance ( two or ?ree feet1 is suppos$ to conta9 m or less ( ! electrical fire1 ?an its common %>e1 z ! t9 tube is electrifi$ positively1 or negatively2 & :5 v dry1 may n "p ) its ov]plus1 or h its defici5cy suppli$ s sudd5ly1 z ! t92 b may cont9ue to be electrifi$1 aft] t has be5 t\*$ = a consid]able "t4 ,,exp]im5t ,,viii4 ,hav+ made ! ,torricellian vacuum ab\t five feet long1 aft] ! mann] describ$ 9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions1 vol4 xlvii4 p4 #cgj1 if ! excit$ tube be br\ght )9 a small di/ance ( x1 a light w be se5 ?r\gh m ?an half its l5g?2 :i* soon vani%es1 if ! tube be n br\ght ne>]2 b w appe> aga91 z t is mov$ f>!r (f4 ,?is may be repeat$ sev]al times1 )\t excit+ ! tube afre%4 ,?is exp]im5t may be consid]$ z a k9d ( ocul> demon/ration ( ! tru? ( ,mr4 ,frankl9's hypo!sis2 t :5 ! electrical fluid is cond5s$ on "o side ( ?9 glass1 x w be repell$ f ! o!r1 if x meets ) no resi/ance4 ,accord+ to :i*1 at ! approa* ( ! excit$ tube1 ! fire is suppos$ to be repell$ f ! inside ( ! glass surr\nd+ ! vacuum1 & to be c>ri$ (f ?r\gh ! columns ( m]cury2 b1 z ! tube is )drawn1 ! fire is suppos$ to return4 ,,exp]im5t ,,ix4 ,let an excit$ /ick ( wax1 ( two feet & an half 9 l5g?1 & ab\t an in* 9 diamet]1 be held ne> its middle4 ,excite ! glass tube1 & draw x ov] "o half ( x2 !n1 turn+ x a little ab\t its axis1 let ! tube be excit$ aga91 & drawn ov] ! same half2 & let ?is op]ation be repeat$ sev]al times3 !n w t half de/roy ! repell+ p[] ( balls electrifi$ by glass1 & ! o!r half w increase x4 ,by ?is exp]im5t x appe>s1 t wax also may be electrifi$ positively & negatively4 ,& x is probable1 t all bodies :atsoev] may h ! quantity !y conta9 ( ! electrical fluid1 increas$1 or dim9i%$4 ,! cl\ds1 ,i h obs]v$1 by a great numb] ( exp]im5ts1 to be "s 9 a positive1 & o!rs 9 a negative /ate ( electricity4 ,= ! cork balls1 electrifi$ by !m1 w sometimes close at ! approa* ( excit$ glass2 & at o!r times be sep>at$ to a great] di/ance4 ,& ?is *ange ,i h kn[n to happ5 five or six times 9 less ?an half an h\r2 ! balls com+ toge!r ea* "t & rema9+ 9 contact a few seconds1 be=e !y repel ea* o!r aga94 ,x may likewise easily be discov]$1 by a *>g$ phial1 :e!r ! electrical fire be drawn out ( ! app>atus by a negative cl\d1 or =c$ into x by a positive "o3 & by :i* soev] x be electrifi$1 %\ld t cl\d ei!r "p ) its ov]plus1 or h its defici5cy suppli$ sudd5ly1 ! app>atus w lose its electricity3 :i* is frequ5tly obs]v$ to be ! case1 imm$iately aft] a fla% ( lightn+4 ,yet :5 ! air is v dry1 ! app>atus w cont9ue to be electris$ = t5 m9utes1 or a qu>t] ( an h\r1 aft] ! cl\ds h pass$ ! z5i?2 & sometimes till !y appe> m ?an half-way t[>ds ! horizon4 ,ra91 especially :5 ! drops are l>ge1 g5]ally br+s d[n ! electrical fire3 & hail1 9 summ]1 ,i believe nev] fails4 ,:5 ! app>atus 0 la/ electrifi$1 x 0 by ! fall ( ?aw+ sn[1 :i* happ5$ s lately1 z on ! #ab? ( ,novemb]2 t be+ ! tw5ty-six? day1 & sixty-fir/ "t x has be5 electrifi$1 s9ce x 0 fir/ set up2 :i* 0 ab\t ! middle ( ,may4 ,& z ,fahr5heit's !rmomet] 0 b sev5 degrees above freez+1 x is suppos$ ! w9t] w n entirely put a /op to obs]vations ( ?is sort4 ,at ,london1 no m ?an two ?und]-/orms h happ5$ dur+ ! :ole summ]2 & ! app>atus 0 sometimes s /rongly electrifi$ 9 "o ( !m1 t ! bells1 :i* h be5 frequ5tly rung by ! cl\ds1 s l\d z to be he>d 9 e room ( ! h\se 7! doors be+ op57 7 sil5c$ by ! almo/ con/ant /ream ( d5se electrical fire1 betwe5 ea* bell & ! brass ball1 :i* w\ld n suff] x to /rike4 ,i %all conclude ?is pap]1 already too long1 ) ! foll[+ qu]ies3 #a4 ,may n air1 sudd5ly r>efi$1 give electrical fire to1 & air sudd5ly cond5s$1 receive electrical fire f1 cl\ds & vap\rs pass+ ?r\gh x8 #b4 ,is n ! aurora borealis1 ! fla%+ ( electrical fire f positive1 t[>ds negative cl\ds at a great di/ance1 ?r\gh ! upp] "p ( ! atmosph]e1 :]e ! resi/ance is lea/8 ,,exp]im5ts ,made 9 ,pursuance ( ^? made by ,mr4 ,canton1 dat$ ,decemb] #f1 #agec2 ) ,explanations1 by ,mr4 ,b5jam9 ,frankl94 ,read at ! ,royal ,society1 ,dec4 #ah1 #agee4 ,philadelphia1 ,m>* #ad1 #agee4 ,,pr9ciples4 ,i4 ,electric atmosph]es1 t fl[ r\nd non-electric bodies1 be+ br\ght ne> ea* o!r1 d n readily mix & unite into "o atmosph]e1 b rema9 sep>ate1 & repel ea* o!r4 ,?is is pla9ly se5 9 susp5d$ cork balls1 & o!r bodies electrifi$4 ,,ii4 ,an electric atmosph]e n only repels ano!r electric atmosph]e1 b w also repel ! electric matt] conta9$ 9 ! sub/ance ( a body approa*+ x2 & )\t jo9+ or mix+ ) x1 =ce x to o!r p>ts ( ! body t conta9$ x4 ,?is is %ewn by "s ( ! foll[+ exp]im5ts4 ,,iii4 ,bodies electrifi$ negatively1 or depriv$ ( _! natural quantity ( electricity1 repel ea* o!r1 7or at lea/ appe> to d s1 by a mutual rec$+7 z well z ^? electrifi$ positively1 or :i* h electric atmosph]es4 ,?is is %ewn by apply+ ! negatively *>g$ wire ( a phial to two cork balls1 susp5d$ by silk ?reads1 & _m o!r exp]im5ts4 ,,prep>ation4 ,fix a tassel ( fifte5 or tw5ty ?reads1 ?ree in*es long1 at "o end ( a t9 prime conductor 7m9e is ab\t five feet long1 & f\r in*es diamet]7 support$ by silk l9es4 ,let ! ?reads be a little damp1 b n wet4 ,,exp]im5t ,i4 ,pass an excit$ glass tube ne> ! o!r end ( ! prime conductor1 s z to give x "s sp>ks1 & ! ?reads w div]ge4 ,because ea* ?read1 z well z ! prime conductor1 has acquir$ an electric atmosph]e1 :i* repels & is repell$ by ! atmosph]es ( ! o!r ?reads3 if ^? sev]al atmosph]es w\ld readily mix1 ! ?reads might unite1 & hang 9 ! middle ( "o atmosph]e1 common to !m all4 ,rub ! tube afre%1 & approa* ! prime conductor !re)1 crossways1 ne> t end1 b n nigh en\gh to give sp>ks2 & ! ?reads w div]ge a little m4 ,because ! atmosph]e ( ! prime conductor is press$ by ! atmosph]e ( ! excit$ tube1 & driv5 t[>ds ! end :]e ! ?reads are1 by :i* ea* ?read acquires m atmosph]e4 ,)draw ! tube1 & !y w close z mu*4 ,!y close z mu*1 & no m2 because ! atmosph]e ( ! glass tube n hav+ mix$ ) ! atmosph]e ( ! prime conductor1 is )drawn intire1 hav+ made no addition to1 or dim9ution f x4 ,br+ ! excit$ tube "u ! tuft ( ?reads1 & !y w close a little4 ,!y close1 because ! atmosph]e ( ! glass tube repels _! atmosph]es1 & drives "p ( !m back on ! prime conductor4 ,)draw x1 & !y w div]ge z mu*4 ,= ! portion ( atmosph]e :i* !y _h lo/1 returns to !m aga94 ,,exp]im5t ,,ii4 ,excite ! glass tube1 & approa* ! prime conductor ) x1 hold+ x across1 ne> ! end opposite to t on :i* ! ?reads hang1 at ! di/ance ( five or six in*es4 ,keep x !re a few seconds1 & ! ?reads ( ! tassels w div]ge4 ,)draw x1 & !y w close4 ,!y div]ge1 because !y h receiv$ electric atmosph]es f ! electric matt] be=e conta9$ 9 ! sub/ance ( ! prime conductor2 b :i* is n[ repell$ & driv5 away1 by ! atmosph]e ( ! glass tube1 f ! p>ts ( ! prime conductor opposite & ne>e/ to t atmosph]e1 & =c$ out ^u ! surface ( ! prime conductor at its o!r end1 & ^u ! ?reads hang+ !reto4 ,7 x any "p ( ! atmosph]e ( ! glass tube t fl[$ ov] & along ! prime conductor to ! ?reads1 & gave !m atmosph]es 7z is ! case :5 a sp>k is giv5 to ! prime conductor f ! glass tube7 su* "p ( ! tube's atmosph]e w\ld h rema9$1 & ! ?reads cont9ue to div]ge2 b !y close on )draw+ ! tube1 because ! tube takes ) x all its own atmosph]e1 & ! electric matt]1 :i* _h be5 driv5 out ( ! sub/ance ( ! prime conductor1 & =m$ atmosph]es r\nd ! ?reads1 is !reby p]mitt$ to return to its place4 ,take a sp>k f ! prime conductor ne> ! ?reads1 :5 !y are div]g$ z be=e1 & !y w close4 ,= by s do+ y take away _! atmosph]es1 compos$ ( ! electric matt] driv5 out ( ! sub/ance ( ! prime conductor1 z a=esaid1 by ! repell5cy ( ! atmosph]e ( ! glass tube4 ,by tak+ ?is sp>k y rob ! prime conductor ( "p ( its natural quantity ( ! electric matt]2 :i* "p s tak5 is n suppli$ by ! glass tube1 = :5 t is aft]w>ds )drawn1 x takes ) x its :ole atmosph]e1 & leaves ! prime conductor electris$ negatively1 z appe>s by ! next op]ation4 ,!n )draw ! tube1 & !y w op5 aga94 ,= n[ ! electric matt] 9 ! prime conductor1 return+ to its equilibrium1 or equal diffusion1 9 all p>ts ( its sub/ance1 & ! prime conductor hav+ lo/ "s ( its natural quantity1 ! ?reads connect$ ) x lose "p ( !irs1 & s are electris$ negatively1 & !re=e repel ea* o!r1 by ,pr4 ,,iii4 ,approa* ! prime conductor ) ! tube ne> ! same place z at fir/1 & !y w close aga94 ,because ! "p ( _! natural quantity ( electric fluid1 :i* !y _h lo/1 is n[ re/or$ to !m aga91 by ! repulsion ( ! glass tube =c+ t fluid to !m f o!r p>ts ( ! prime conductor2 s !y are n[ aga9 9 _! natural /ate4 ,)draw x1 & !y w op5 aga94 ,= :at _h be5 re/or$ to !m1 is n[ tak5 f !m aga91 fl[+ back into ! prime conductor1 & leav+ !m once m electris$ negatively4 ,br+ ! excit$ tube "u ! ?reads1 & !y w div]ge m4 ,because m ( _! natural quantity is driv5 f !m into ! prime conductor1 & !reby _! negative electricity increas$4 ,,exp]im5t ,,iii4 ,! prime conductor n be+ electrifi$1 br+ ! excit$ tube "u ! tassel1 & ! ?reads w div]ge4 ,"p ( _! natural quantity is !reby driv5 out ( !m into ! prime conductor1 & !y become negatively electris$1 & !re=e repel ea* o!r4 ,keep+ ! tube 9 ! same place ) "o h&1 attempt to t\* ! ?reads ) ! f+] ( ! o!r h&1 & !y w rec$e f ! f+]4 ,because ! f+] be+ plung$ into ! atmosph]e ( ! glass tube1 z well z ! ?reads1 "p ( its natural quantity is driv5 back ?r\gh ! h& & body1 by t atmosph]e1 & ! f+] becomes1 z well z ! ?reads1 negatively electris$1 & s repels1 & is repell$ by !m4 ,to confirm ?is1 hold a sl5d] light lock ( cotton1 two or ?ree in*es long1 ne> a prime conductor1 t is electrifi$ by a glass globe1 or tube4 ,y w see ! cotton /ret* itself out t[>ds ! prime conductor4 ,attempt to t\* x ) ! f+] ( ! o!r h&1 & x w be repell$ by ! f+]4 ,approa* x ) a positively *>g$ wire ( a bottle1 & x w fly to ! wire4 ,br+ x ne> a negatively *>g$ wire ( a bottle1 x w rec$e f t wire 9 ! same mann] t x did f ! f+]2 :i* demon/rates ! f+] to be negatively electris$1 z well z ! lock ( cotton s situat$4 ,turkey kill$ by ,electricity4--,effect ( a ,%ock on ! ,op]ator 9 mak+ ! ,exp]im5t4 ,z ,mr4 ,frankl91 9 a =m] lett] to ,mr4 ,coll9son1 m5tion$ 8 int5d+ to try ! p[] ( a v /rong electrical %ock ^u a turkey1 t g5tleman accord+ly has be5 s v oblig+ z to s5d an acc\nt ( x1 :i* is to ! foll[+ purpose4 ,he made fir/ sev]al exp]im5ts on f[ls1 & f\nd1 t two l>ge ?9 glass j>s gilt1 hold+ ea* ab\t six gallons1 7 suffici5t1 :5 fully *>g$1 to kill common h5s outright2 b ! turkeys1 ?\gh ?r[n into viol5t convulsions1 & !n ly+ z dead = "s m9utes1 w\ld recov] 9 less ?an a qu>t] ( an h\r4 ,h[ev]1 hav+ add$ ?ree o!r su* to ! =m] two1 ?\gh n fully *>g$1 he kill$ a turkey ( ab\t t5 p\nds weight1 & believes t !y w\ld h kill$ a mu* l>g]4 ,he conceit$1 z himself says1 t ! birds kill$ 9 ?is mann] eat uncommonly t5d]4 ,9 mak+ ^! exp]im5ts1 he f\nd1 t a man c\ld1 )\t great detrim5t1 be> a mu* great] %ock ?an he _h imag9$3 = he inadv]t5tly receiv$ ! /roke ( two ( ^! j>s ?r\gh 8 arms & body1 :5 !y 7 v ne> fully *>g$4 ,x seem$ to him an univ]sal bl[ ?r\gh\t ! body f head to foot1 & 0 foll[$ by a viol5t quick trembl+ 9 ! trunk1 :i* w5t (f gradually1 9 a few seconds4 ,x 0 "s m9utes be=e he c\ld recollect 8 ?\ghts1 s z to "k :at 0 ! matt]2 = he did n see ! fla%1 ?\gh 8 eye 0 on ! spot ( ! prime conductor1 f :5ce x /ruck ! back ( 8 h&2 nor did he he> ! crack1 ?\gh ! by-/&]s said x 0 a l\d "o2 nor did he p>ticul>ly feel ! /roke on 8 h&1 ?\gh he aft]w>ds f\nd x _h rais$ a swell+ !re1 ( ! bigness ( half a pi/ol-bullet4 ,8 arms & ! back ( ! neck felt some:at numb$ ! rema9d] ( ! ev5+1 & 8 brea/ 0 sore = a week aft] z if x _h be5 bruis$4 ,f ?is exp]im5t may be se5 ! dang]1 ev5 "u ! greate/ caution1 to ! op]ator1 :5 mak+ ^! exp]im5ts ) l>ge j>s2 = x is n to be d\bt$1 b sev]al ( ^! fully *>g$ w\ld z c]ta9ly1 by increas+ !m1 9 proportion to ! size1 kill a man1 z !y be=e did a turkey4 ,n4 ,b4 ,! orig9al ( ?is lett]1 :i* 0 read at ! ,royal ,society1 has be5 mislaid4 ,,to ,,dr4 ,l----#fe1 ,,at ,,*>les ,,t[n1 ,,s\? ,,c>ol9a4 ,diff]5ces 9 ! ,qualities ( ,glass4--,acc\nt ( ,domi51 an ,electrician & ,travell]4--,conjectures respect+ ! ,pores ( ,glass4--,orig9 ( ! ,au?or's ,idea ( draw+ d[n ,lightn+4--,no satisfactory ,hypo!sis respect+ ! ,mann] 9 :i* ,cl\ds become electrifi$4--,six ,m5 knock$ d[n at once by an electrical ,%ock4--,reflections on ! ,_s ( ,inv5tion4 ,philadelphia1 ,m>* #ah1 #agee4 ,,sir1 ,i s5d y enclos$ a pap] conta9+ "s new exp]im5ts ,i h made1 9 pursuance ( ^? by ,mr4 ,canton t are pr9t$ ) my la/ lett]s4 ,i hope ^!1 ) my explanation ( !m1 w af=d y "s ent]ta9m5t#ff4 ,9 answ] to y\r sev]al enquiries4 ,! tubes & globes we use "h1 are *iefly made "h4 ,! glass has a gre5i% ca/1 b is cle> & h>d1 &1 ,i ?9k1 bett] = electrical exp]im5ts ?an ! :ite glass ( ,london1 :i* is n s h>d4 ,!re are c]ta9ly great diff]5ces 9 glass4 ,a :ite globe ,i _h made "h "s ye>s s9ce1 w\ld nev]1 by any means1 be excit$4 ,two ( my fri5ds tri$ x1 z well z myself1 )\t success4 ,at l5g?1 putt+ x on an electric /&1 a *a9 f ! prime conductor be+ 9 contact ) x1 ,i f\nd x _h ! prop]ties ( a non-electric2 = ,i c\ld draw sp>ks f any "p ( x1 ?\gh x 0 v clean & dry4 ,all ,i "k ( ,domi51 is1 t by 8 own acc\nt he 0 a native ( ,transylvania1 ( ,t>t> desc5t1 b a prie/ ( ! ,greek *ur*3 he spoke & wrote ,lat9 v readily & correctly4 ,he set out f 8 own c\ntry ) an int5tion ( go+ r\nd ! _w1 z mu* z possible by l&4 ,he travell$ ?r\gh ,g]many1 ,france1 & ,holl&1 to ,engl&4 ,resid$ "s "t at ,ox=d4 ,f ,engl& he came to ,m>yl&2 !nce w5t to ,new ,engl&2 return$ by l& to ,philadelphia2 & f h5ce travell$ ?r\gh ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 & ,nor? ,c>ol9a to y4 ,he ?\ght x might be ( s]vice to him 9 8 travels to "k some?+ ( electricity4 ,i taught him ! use ( ! tube2 h[ to *>ge ! ,leyd5 phial1 & "s o!r exp]im5ts4 ,he wrote to me f ,*>les-,t[n1 t he _h liv$ eight hundr$ miles ^u electricity1 x _h be5 meat1 dr9k1 & cloa?+ to him4 ,8 la/ lett] to me 01 ,i ?9k1 f ,jamaica1 desir+ me to s5d ! tubes y m5tion1 to meet him at ! ,havannah1 f :5ce he expect$ to get a passage to ,la ,v]a ,cruz2 design$ travell+ ov] l& ?r\gh ,mexico to ,acapulco2 !nce to get a passage to ,manilla1 & s ?r\gh ,*9a1 ,india1 ,p]sia1 & ,turkey1 home to 8 own c\ntry2 propos+ to support himself *iefly by electricity4 ,a /range project6 ,b he 01 z y obs]ve1 a v s+ul> "*4 ,i 0 sorry ! tubes did n get to ! ,havannah 9 "t = him4 ,if !y are /ill 9 be+1 please to s5d = !m1 & accept ( !m4 ,:at became ( him aft]w>ds ,i h nev] he>d4 ,he promis$ to write to me z (t5 z he c\ld on 8 j\rney1 & z soon z he %\ld get home aft] f9i%+ 8 t\r4 ,x is n[ sev5 ye>s s9ce he 0 "h4 ,if he is /ill 9 ,new ,spa91 z y imag9e f t loose report1 ,i suppose x mu/ be t !y conf9e him !re1 & prev5t 8 writ+3 b ,i ?9k x m likely t he may be dead4 ,! que/ions y ask ab\t ! pores ( glass1 ,i _c answ] o!rwise1 ?an t ,i "k no?+ ( _! nature2 & suppositions1 h[ev] +5i\s1 are (t5 m]e mi/akes4 ,my hypo!sis1 t !y 7 small] ne> ! middle ( ! glass1 too small to admit ! passage ( electricity1 :i* c\ld pass ?r\gh ! surface till x came ne> ! middle1 0 c]ta9ly wrong3 ,= soon aft] ,i _h writt5 t lett]1 ,i did1 9 ord] to confirm ! hypo!sis 7:i* inde$ ,i ought to h done be=e ,i wrote x7 make an exp]im5t4 ,i gr\nd away five-six?s ( ! ?ickness ( ! glass1 f ! side ( "o ( my phials1 expect+ t ! suppos$ d5s] "p be+ s remov$1 ! electric fluid might come ?r\gh ! rema9d] ( ! glass1 :i* ,i _h imag9$ m op52 b ,i f\nd myself mi/ak54 ,! bottle *>g$ z well aft] ! gr9d+ z be=e4 ,i am n[1 z mu* z ev]1 at a loss to "k h[ or :]e ! quantity ( electric fluid1 on ! positive side ( ! glass1 is dispos$ (4 ,z to ! diff]5ce ( conductors1 !re is n only ?is1 t "s w conduct electricity 9 small quantities1 & yet d n conduct x fa/ en\gh to produce ! %ock2 b ev5 among ^? t w conduct a %ock1 !re are "s t d x bett] ?an o!rs4 ,mr4 ,k9n]sley has f\nd1 by a v good exp]im5t1 t :5 ! *>ge ( a bottle ha? an opportunity ( pass+ two ways1 i4 e4 /raight ?r\gh a tr\gh ( wat] t5 feet long1 & six in*es squ>e2 or r\nd ab\t ?r\gh tw5ty feet ( wire1 x passes ?r\gh ! wire1 & n ?r\gh ! wat]1 ?\gh t is ! %orte/ c\rse2 ! wire be+ ! bett] conductor4 ,:5 ! wire is tak5 away1 x passes ?r\gh ! wat]1 z may be felt by a h& plung$ 9 ! wat]2 b x _c be felt 9 ! wat] :5 ! wire is us$ at ! same "t4 ,?us1 ?\gh a small phial conta9+ wat] w give a sm>t %ock1 "o conta9+ ! same quantity ( m]cury w give "o mu* /rong]1 ! m]cury be+ ! bett] conductor2 :ile "o conta9+ oil1 only1 w sc>ce give any %ock at all4 ,y\r "q1 h[ ,i came fir/ to ?9k ( propos+ ! exp]im5t ( draw+ d[n ! lightn+1 9 ord] to asc]ta9 its sam5ess ) ! electric fluid1 ,i _c answ] bett] ?an by giv+ y an extract f ! m9utes ,i us$ to keep ( ! exp]im5ts ,i made1 ) memor&ums ( su* z ,i purpos$ to make1 ! reasons = mak+ !m1 & ! obs]vations t arose ^u !m1 f :i* m9utes my lett]s 7 aft]w>ds drawn4 ,by ?is extract y w see t ! ?\ght 0 n s mu* an out-(-!-way "o1 b t x might h occurr$ to an electrician4 ,nov4 #g1 #agdi4 ,electrical fluid agrees ) lightn+ 9 ^! p>ticul>s3 #a4 ,giv+ light4 #b4 ,col\r ( ! light4 #c4 ,crook$ direction4 #d4 ,swift motion4 #e4 ,be+ conduct$ by metals4 #f4 ,crack or noise 9 explod+4 #g4 ,subsi/+ 9 wat] or ice4 #h4 ,r5d+ bodies x passes ?r\gh4 #i4 ,de/roy+ animals4 #aj4 ,melt+ metals4 #aa4 ,fir+ inflammable sub/ances4 #ab4 ,sulphure\s smell4--,! electric fluid is attract$ by po9ts4--,we d n "k :e!r ?is prop]ty is 9 lightn+4--,b s9ce !y agree 9 all ! p>ticul>s :]e9 we c already comp>e !m1 is x n probable !y agree likewise 9 ?is8--,let ! exp]im5t be made4 ,i wi% ,i c\ld give y any satisfaction 9 ! article ( cl\ds4 ,i am /ill at a loss ab\t ! mann] 9 :i* !y become *>g$ ) electricity2 no hypo!sis ,i h yet =m$ p]fectly satisfy+ me4 ,"s "t s9ce1 ,i heat$ v hot a brass plate1 two feet squ>e1 & plac$ x on an electric /&4 ,f ! plate a wire ext5d$ horizontally f\r or five feet1 &1 at ! end ( x1 hung1 by l95 ?reads1 a pair ( cork balls4 ,i !n repeat$ly spr9kl$ wat] ov] ! plate1 t x might be rais$ f x 9 vap\r1 hop+ t if ! vap\r ei!r c>ri$ (f ! electricity ( ! plate1 or left beh9d x t ( ! wat] 7"o ( :i* ,i suppos$ x mu/ d1 if1 l ! cl\ds1 x became electris$ itself1 ei!r positively or negatively7 ,i %\ld p]ceive & det]m9e x by ! sep>ation ( ! balls1 & by f9d+ :e!r !y 7 positive or negative2 b no alt]ation 0 made at all1 nor c\ld ,i p]ceive t ! /eam 0 itself electris$1 ?\gh ,i h /ill "s suspicion t ! /eam 0 n fully exam9$1 & ,i ?9k ! exp]im5t %\ld be repeat$4 ,:e!r ! fir/ /ate ( electris$ cl\ds is positive or negative1 if ,i c\ld f9d ! cause ( t1 ,i %\ld be at no loss ab\t ! o!r1 = ei!r is easily d$uc$ f ! o!r1 z "o /ate is easily produc$ by ! o!r4 ,a /rongly positive cl\d may drive out ( a neighb\r+ cl\d mu* ( its natural quantity ( ! electric fluid1 &1 pass+ by x1 leave x 9 a negative /ate4 ,9 ! same way1 a /rongly negative cl\d may occasion a neighb\r+ cl\d to draw into itself f o!rs1 an additional quantity1 &1 pass+ by x1 leave x 9 a positive /ate4 ,h[ ^! effects may be produc$1 y w easily conceive1 on p]us+ & consid]+ ! exp]im5ts 9 ! enclos$ pap]3 & f !m too x appe>s probable1 t e *ange f positive to negative1 & f negative to positive1 t1 dur+ a ?und]-gu/1 we see 9 ! cork-balls annex$ to ! app>atus1 is n ow+ to ! pres5ce ( cl\ds 9 ! same /ate1 b (t5 to ! abs5ce ( positive or negative cl\ds1 t1 hav+ j pass$1 leave ! rod 9 ! opposite /ate4 ,! knock+ d[n ( ! six m5 0 p]=m$ ) two ( my l>ge j>s n fully *>g$4 ,i laid "o end ( my dis*>g+ rod ^u ! head ( ! fir/2 he laid 8 h& on ! head ( ! second2 ! second 8 h& on ! head ( ! ?ird1 & s to ! la/1 :o held1 9 8 h&1 ! *a9 t 0 connect$ ) ! outside ( ! j>s4 ,:5 !y 7 ?us plac$1 ,i appli$ ! o!r end ( my rod to ! prime conductor1 & !y all dropp$ toge!r4 ,:5 !y got up1 !y all decl>$ !y _h n felt any /roke1 & wond]$ h[ !y came to fall2 nor did any ( !m ei!r he> ! crack1 or see ! light ( x4 ,y suppose x a dang]\s exp]im5t2 b ,i _h once suff]$ ! same myself1 receiv+1 by accid5t1 an equal /roke ?r\gh my head1 t /ruck me d[n1 )\t hurt+ me3 & ,i _h se5 a "y woman t 0 ab\t to be electrifi$ ?r\gh ! feet 7= "s indisposition7 receive a great] *>ge ?r\gh ! head1 by inadv]t5tly /oop+ =w>d to look at ! plac+ ( h] feet1 till h] =ehead 7z %e 0 v tall7 came too ne> my prime conductor3 %e dropp$1 b in/antly got up aga91 compla9+ ( no?+4 ,a p]son s /ruck1 s9ks d[n d\bl$1 or fold$ toge!r z x 71 ! jo9ts los+ _! /r5g? & /iffness at once1 s t he drops on ! spot :]e he /ood1 in/antly1 & !re is no previ\s /agg]+1 nor does he ev] fall l5g?wise4 ,too great *>ge might1 inde$1 kill a man1 b ,i h n yet se5 any hurt done by x4 ,x w\ld c]ta9ly1 z y obs]ve1 be ! easie/ ( all dea?s4 ,! exp]im5t y h he>d s imp]fect an acc\nt (1 is m]ely ?is3 ,i electrifi$ a silv] p9t c1 on an electric /&1 & !n l[]$ into x a cork ball1 ( ab\t an in* diamet]1 hang+ by a silk /r+1 till ! cork t\*$ ! bottom ( ! c4 ,! cork 0 n attract$ to ! inside ( ! c z x w\ld h be5 to ! outside1 & ?\gh x t\*$ ! bottom1 yet1 :5 drawn out1 x 0 n f\nd to be electrifi$ by t t\*1 z x w\ld h be5 by t\*+ ! outside4 ,! fact is s+ul>4 ,y require ! reason2 ,i d n "k x4 ,p]haps y may discov] x1 & !n y w be s good z to communicate x to me#fg4 ,i f9d a frank ackn[l$gm5t ( "o's ignorance is n only ! easie/ way to get rid ( a difficulty1 b ! likelie/ way to obta9 in=mation1 & !re=e ,i practise x3 ,i ?9k x an hone/ policy4 ,^? :o affect to be ?\ght to "k e ?+1 & s und]take to expla9 e ?+1 (t5 rema9 long ignorant ( _m ?+s t o!rs c\ld & w\ld in/ruct !m 91 if !y appe>$ less conceit$4 ,! treatm5t y\r fri5d has met ) is s common1 t no man :o kn[s :at ! _w is1 & ev] has be51 %\ld expect to escape x4 ,!re are e :]e a numb] ( p1 :o1 be+ totally de/itute ( any inv5tive faculty !mselves1 d n readily conceive t o!rs may possess x3 !y ?9k ( inv5tions z ( miracles2 !re might be su* =m]ly1 b !y are ceas$4 ,) ^!1 e "o :o (f]s a new inv5tion is deem$ a pret5d]3 he _h x f "s o!r c\ntry1 or f "s book3 a man ( _! own acqua9tance2 "o :o has no m s5se ?an !mselves1 c\ld n possibly1 9 _! op9ion1 h be5 ! inv5tor ( any ?+4 ,!y are confirm$1 too1 9 ^! s5tim5ts1 by frequ5t in/ances ( pret5sions to inv5tion1 :i* vanity is daily produc+4 ,t vanity too1 ?\gh an incitem5t to inv5tion1 is1 at ! same "t1 ! pe/ ( inv5tors4 ,jeal\sy & envy d5y ! m]it or ! novelty ( y\r inv5tion2 b vanity1 :5 ! novelty & m]it are e/abli%$1 claims x = its own4 ,! small] y\r inv5tion is1 ! m mortification y receive 9 hav+ ! cr$it ( x disput$ ) y by a rival1 :om ! jeal\sy & envy ( o!rs are ready to support aga9/ y1 at lea/ s f> z to make ! po9t d\btful4 ,x is n 9 itself ( importance en\gh = a dispute2 no "o w\ld ?9k y\r pro(s & reasons wor? _! att5tion3 & yet1 if y d n dispute ! po9t1 & demon/rate y\r "r1 y n only lose ! cr$it ( be+ 9 t in/ance +5i\s1 b y suff] ! disgrace ( n be+ +5u\s2 n only ( be+ a plagi>y1 b ( be+ a plagi>y = trifles4 ,_h ! inv5tion be5 great] x w\ld h disgrac$ y less2 = m5 h n s contemptible an idea ( him t robs = gold on ! highway1 z ( him t c pick pockets = half-p5ce & f>?+s4 ,?us1 ?r\gh envy1 jeal\sy1 & ! vanity ( competitors = fame1 ! orig9 ( _m ( ! mo/ extraord9>y inv5tions1 ?\gh produc$ )9 b a few c5turies pa/1 is involv$ 9 d\bt & unc]ta9ty4 ,we sc>ce "k to :om we are indebt$ = ! compass1 & = spectacles1 nor h ev5 pap] & pr9t+1 t record e ?+ else1 be5 able to pres]ve ) c]ta9ty ! "n & reputation ( _! inv5tors4 ,"o w\ld n1 !re=e1 ( all faculties1 or qualities ( ! m9d1 wi%1 = a fri5d1 or a *ild1 t he %\ld h t ( inv5tion4 ,= 8 attempts to b5efit mank9d 9 t way1 h[ev] well imag9$1 if !y d n succe$1 expose him1 ?\gh v unju/ly1 to g5]al ridicule & contempt2 &1 if !y d succe$1 to envy1 robb]y1 & abuse4 ,i am1 c4 ,b4 ,,frankl94 ,,footnotes3 #fe ,dr4 ,l9+4--,,editor4 #ff ,see page #bhf1 = ! pap] "h m5tion$4 #fg ,mr4 ,f4 has s9ce ?\ght1 t1 possibly1 ! mutual repulsion ( ! inn] opposite sides ( ! electris$ c may prev5t ! accumulat+ an electric atmosph]e ^u !m1 & occasion x to /& *iefly on ! outside4 ,b recomm5ds x to ! f>!r exam9ation ( ! curi\s4 ,,to ,,mons4 ,,dalib>d1 ,,at ,,p>is1 ,,inclos$ ,,9 ,a ,,lett] ,,to ,,mr4 ,,pet] ,,coll9son1 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 ,becc>ia's ,"w on ,electricity4--,s5tim5ts ( ,frankl9 on po9t$ ,rods1 n fully und]/ood 9 ,europe4--,effect ( ,lightn+ on ! ,*ur* ( ,newbury1 9 ,new ,engl&4--,rem>ks on ! ,subject4 ,read at ! ,royal ,society1 ,dec4 #ah1 #agee4 ,philadelphia1 ,june #bi1 #agee4 ,,sir1 ,y desire my op9ion ( ,p]e ,becc>ia's ,italian book#fh4 ,i h read x ) mu* pleasure1 & ?9k x "o ( ! be/ pieces on ! subject t ,i h se5 9 any language4 ,yet z to ! article ( wat]-sp\ts1 ,i am n at pres5t ( 8 s5tim5ts2 ?\gh ,i mu/ own ) y1 t he has h&l$ x v +5i\sly4 ,mr4 ,coll9son has my op9ion ( :irlw9ds & wat]-sp\ts at l>ge1 writt5 "s "t s9ce4 ,i "k n :e!r !y w be publi%$2 if n1 ,i w get !m transcrib$ = y\r p]usal#fi4 ,x does n appe> to me t ,p]e ,becc>ia d\bts ( ! absolute imp]meability ( glass 9 ! s5se ,i meant x2 = ! in/ances he gives ( holes made ?r\gh glass by ! electric /roke are su* z we h all exp]i5c$1 & only %[ t ! electric fluid c\ld n pass )\t mak+ a hole4 ,9 ! same mann] we say1 glass is imp]meable to wat]1 & yet a /ream f a fire-eng9e w =ce ?r\gh ! /ronge/ panes ( a w9d[4 ,z to ! effect ( po9ts 9 draw+ ! electric matt] f cl\ds1 & !reby secur+ build+s1 c4 :i*1 y say1 he seems to d\bt1 ,i mu/ own ,i ?9k he only speaks mode/ly & judici\sly4 ,i f9d ,i h be5 b p>tly und]/ood 9 t matt]4 ,i h m5tion$ x 9 sev]al ( my lett]s1 & except once1 always 9 ! alt]native1 viz4 t po9t$ rods erect$ on build+s1 & communicat+ ) ! moi/ e>?1 w\ld ei!r prev5t a /roke1 or1 if n prev5t$1 w\ld conduct x1 s z t ! build+ %\ld suff] no damage4 ,yet :5ev] my op9ion is exam9$ 9 ,europe1 no?+ is consid]$ b ! probability ( ^? rods prev5t+ a /roke or explosion1 :i* is only a "p ( ! use ,i propos$ = !m2 & ! o!r "p1 _! conduct+ a /roke1 :i* !y may happ5 n to prev5t1 seems to be totally =gott51 ?\gh ( equal importance & advantage4 ,i ?ank y = communicat+ ,m4 de ,buffon's relation ( ! effect ( lightn+ at ,dijon1 on ! #g? ( ,june la/4 ,9 return1 give me leave to relate an in/ance ,i lately saw ( ! same k9d4 ,be+ 9 ! t[n ( ,newbury 9 ,new ,engl&1 9 ,novemb] la/1 ,i 0 %ewn ! effect ( lightn+ on _! *ur*1 :i* _h be5 /ruck a few mon?s be=e4 ,! /eeple 0 a squ>e t[] ( wood1 rea*+ sev5ty feet up f ! gr\nd to ! place :]e ! bell hung1 ov] :i* rose a tap] spire1 ( wood likewise1 rea*+ sev5ty feet high]1 to ! vane ( ! wea!r-cock4 ,ne> ! bell 0 fix$ an iron hamm] to /rike ! h\rs2 & f ! tail ( ! hamm] a wire w5t d[n ?r\gh a small gimlet-hole 9 ! floor t ! bell /ood ^u1 & ?r\gh a second floor 9 l mann]2 !n horizontally "u & ne> ! plai/]$ ciel+ ( t second floor1 till x came ne> a plai/]$ wall2 !n d[n by ! side ( t wall to a clock1 :i* /ood ab\t tw5ty feet bel[ ! bell4 ,! wire 0 n bigg] ?an a common knitt+-ne$le4 ,! spire 0 split all to pieces by ! lightn+1 & ! p>ts flung 9 all directions ov] ! squ>e 9 :i* ! *ur* /ood1 s t no?+ rema9$ above ! bell4 ,! lightn+ pass$ betwe5 ! hamm] & ! clock 9 ! above-m5tion$ wire1 )\t hurt+ ei!r ( ! floors1 or hav+ any effect ^u !m 7except mak+ ! gimlet-holes1 ?r\gh :i* ! wire pass$1 a little bigg]17 & )\t hurt+ ! plai/]$ wall1 or any "p ( ! build+1 s f> z ! a=esaid wire & ! p5dulum wire ( ! clock ext5d$2 :i* latt] wire 0 ab\t ! ?ickness ( a goose-quill4 ,f ! end ( ! p5dulum1 d[n q to ! gr\nd1 ! build+ 0 exce$+ly r5t & damag$1 & "s /ones 9 ! f\ndation-wall torn out1 & ?r[n to ! di/ance ( tw5ty or ?irty feet4 ,no "p ( ! a=e-m5tion$ long small wire1 betwe5 ! clock & ! hamm]1 c\ld be f\nd1 except ab\t two in*es t hung to ! tail ( ! hamm]1 & ab\t z mu* t 0 fa/5$ to ! clock2 ! re/ be+ explod$1 & its p>ticles dissipat$ 9 smoke & air1 z gunp[d] is by common fire1 & _h only left a black smutty track on ! plai/]+1 ?ree or f\r in*es broad1 d>ke/ 9 ! middle1 & fa9t] t[>d ! edges1 all along ! ciel+1 "u :i* x pass$1 & d[n ! wall4 ,^! 7 ! effects & appe>ances2 on :i* ,i w\ld only make ! few foll[+ rem>ks1 viz4 #a4 ,t lightn+1 9 its passage ?r\gh a build+1 w leave wood to pass z f> z x c 9 metal1 & n ent] ! wood aga9 till ! conductor ( metal ceases4 ,& ! same ,i h obs]v$ 9 o!r in/ances1 z to walls ( brick or /one4 #b4 ,! quantity ( lightn+ t pass$ ?r\gh ?is /eeple mu/ h be5 v great1 by its effects on ! l(ty spire above ! bell1 & on ! squ>e t[] all bel[ ! end ( ! clock p5dulum4 #c4 ,great z ?is quantity 01 x 0 conduct$ by a small wire & a clock p5dulum1 )\t ! lea/ damage to ! build+ s f> z !y ext5d$4 #d4 ,! p5dulum rod be+ ( a suffici5t ?ickness1 conduct$ ! lightn+ )\t damage to itself2 b ! small wire 0 utt]ly de/roy$4 #e4 ,?\gh ! small wire 0 itself de/roy$1 yet x _h conduct$ ! lightn+ ) safety to ! build+4 #f4 ,& f ! :ole x seems probable1 t if ev5 su* a small wire _h be5 ext5d$ f ! sp9dle ( ! vane to ! e>?1 be=e ! /orm1 no damage w\ld h be5 done to ! /eeple by t /roke ( lightn+1 ?\gh ! wire itself _h be5 de/roy$4 ,,footnotes3 #fh ,?is "w is writt5 con=mable to ,mr4 ,frankl9's !ory1 ^u artificial & natural electricity1 :i* compose ! two p>ts ( x4 ,x 0 pr9t$ 9 ,italian1 at ,tur91 9 #dto4 #agec2 betwe5 ! two p>ts is a lett] to ! ,abb ,nollet1 9 def5ce ( ,mr4 ,frankl9's sy/em4 ,j4 ,bevis4 #fi ,^! pap]s w be f\nd 9 ,vol ,,ii4 ,editor4 ,,to ,,pet] ,,coll9son1 ,,esq4 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 ,,london4 ,notice ( ano!r ,packet ( ,lett]s4 ,philadelphia1 ,nov4 #bc1 #agec4 ,,de> ,,fri5d4 ,9 my la/1 via ,virg9ia1 ,i promis$ to s5d y p] next %ip1 a small philosophical packet3 b n[ hav+ got ! mat]ials 7old lett]s & r\gh drafts7 be=e me1 ,i fe> y w f9d x a great "o4 ,nev]!less1 z ,i am l to h a few days leisure be=e ?is %ip sails1 :i* ,i may n h aga9 9 a long "t1 ,i %all transcribe ! :ole1 & s5d x2 = y w be "u no necessity ( read+ x all at once1 b may take x a little at a "t1 n[ & !n ( a w9t] ev5+4 ,:5 y happ5 to h no?+ else to d 7if t ev] happ5s7 x may af=d y "s amusem5t#gj4 ,b4 ,,frankl94 ,,footnotes3 #gj ,^! lett]s & pap]s are a philosophical correspond5ce betwe5 ,mr4 ,frankl9 & "s ( 8 ,am]ican ,fri5ds#ga4 ,mr4 ,coll9son communicat$ !m to ! ,royal ,society1 :]e !y 7 read at diff]5t meet+s dur+ ! ye> #agef4 ,b ,mr4 ,frankl9 hav+ p>ticul>ly reque/$ t !y might n be pr9t$1 none ( !m 7 ins]t$ 9 ! transactions4 ,mr4 ,f4 _h at t "t an int5tion ( revis+ !m1 & pursu+ "s ( ! enquiries f>!r2 b f9d+ t he is n l to h suffici5t leisure1 he has at l5g? be5 induc$1 imp]fect z !y are1 to p]mit _! publication1 z "s ( ! h9ts !y conta9 may possibly be useful to o!rs 9 _! philosophical rese>*es4 ,note 9 ,mr4 ,coll9son's edition4 #ga ,z "s ( ^! pap]s are ^u subjects n imm$iately connect$ ) electricity1 we h tak5 su* pap]s f ! ord] 9 :i* !y 7 plac$ by ,mr4 ,coll9son1 & transf]r$ !m to o!r p>ts ( ! "w4 ,editor4 ,extract ( a ,lett] f a ,g5tleman 9 ,bo/on#gb1 to ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 ,esq4 conc]n+ ! crook$ ,direction1 & ! ,s\rce ( ,lightn+1 & ! ,swiftness ( ! electric ,fire4 ,bo/on1 ,dec4 #ba1 #agea4 ,,sir1 ,! exp]im5ts ,mr4 ,k4 has exhibit$ "h1 h be5 greatly pleas+ to all sorts ( p t h se5 !m2 & ,i hope1 by ! "t he returns to ,philadelphia1 8 t\r ?is way w turn to good acc\nt4 ,8 exp]im5ts are v curi\s1 & ,i ?9k prove mo/ effectually y\r doctr9e ( electricity2 t x is a real elem5t1 annex$ to1 & diffus$ among all bodies we are acqua9t$ )2 t x diff]s 9 no?+ f lightn+1 ! effects ( bo? be+ simil>1 & _! prop]ties1 s f> z !y are kn[n1 ! same1 c4 ,! rem>kable effect ( lightn+ on iron1 lately discov]$1 9 giv+ x ! magnetic virtue1 & ! same effect produc$ on small ne$les by ! electrical fire1 is a fur!r & conv9c+ pro( t !y are bo? ! same elem5t2 b1 :i* is v unacc\ntable1 ,mr4 ,k4 tells me1 x is necess>y to produce ?is effect1 t ! direction ( ! ne$le & ! electric fire %\ld be nor? & s\?2 f ei!r to ! o!r1 & t j s f> z !y deviate !refrom1 ! magnetic p[] 9 ! ne$le is less1 till _! direction be+ at "r angles ) ! nor? & s\?1 ! effect entirely ceases4 ,we made at ,faneuil ,hall1 :]e ,mr4 ,k----'s app>atus is1 sev]al exp]im5ts to give "s small ne$les ! magnetic virtue2 previ\sly exam9+1 by putt+ !m 9 wat]1 on :i* !y w be support$1 :e!r or n !y _h any ( t virtue2 & ,i ?9k we f\nd all ( !m to h "s small degree ( x1 _! po9ts turn+ to ! nor?3 we _h no?+ to d !n b to inv]t ! poles1 :i* accord+ly 0 done1 by s5d+ ?r\gh !m ! *>ge ( two l>ge glass j>s2 ! eye ( ! ne$le turn+ to ! nor?1 z ! po9t be=e _h done2 t end ( ! ne$le :i* ! fire is ?r[n ^u1 ,mr4 ,k4 tells me always po9ts to ! nor?4 ,! electrical fire pass+ ?r\gh air has ! same crook$ direction z lightn+#gc4 ,?is appe>ance ,i endeav\r to acc\nt = ?us3 ,air is an electric p] se1 !re=e !re mu/ be a mutual repulsion betwixt air & ! electrical fire4 ,a column or cyl9d] ( air1 hav+ ! diamet] ( its base equal to ! diamet] ( ! electrical sp>k1 int]v5es t "p ( ! body :i* ! sp>k is tak5 f1 & ( ! body x aims at4 ,! sp>k acts ^u ?is column1 & is act$ ^u by x1 m /rongly ?an any o!r neighb\r+ portion ( air4 ,! column1 be+ ?us act$ ^u1 becomes m d5se1 &1 be+ m d5se1 repels ! sp>k m /rongly2 its repell5cy be+ 9 proportion to its d5sity3 ,hav+ acquir$1 by be+ cond5s$1 a degree ( repell5cy great] ?an its natural1 x turns ! sp>k out ( its /rait c\rse2 ! neighb\r+ air1 :i* mu/ be less d5se1 & !re=e has a small] degree ( repell5cy1 giv+ x a m ready passage4 ,! sp>k1 hav+ tak5 a new direction1 mu/ n[ act on1 or mo/ /rongly repel ! column ( air :i* lies 9 t direction1 & consequ5tly mu/ cond5se t column 9 ! same mann] z ! =m]1 :5 ! sp>k mu/ aga9 *ange its c\rse1 :i* c\rse w be ?us repeat$ly *ang$1 till ! sp>k rea*es ! body t attract$ x4 ,to ?is acc\nt "o objection occurs2 t z air is v fluid & ela/ic1 & s endeav\rs to diffuse itself equally1 ! suppos$ accumulat$ air )9 ! column a=esaid1 w\ld be imm$iately diffus$ among ! contigu\s air1 & circulate to fill ! space x 0 driv5 f2 & consequ5tly t ! said column1 on ! great] d5sity ( :i* ! ph5om5on is suppos$ to dep5d1 w\ld n repel ! sp>k m /rongly ?an ! neighb\r+ air4 ,?is might be an objection1 if ! electrical fire 0 z sluggi% & inactive z air4 ,air takes a s5sible "t to diffuse itself equally1 z is manife/ f w9ds :i* (t5 bl[ = a consid]able "t toge!r f ! same po9t1 & ) a velocity ev5 9 ! greate/ /orms1 n exce$+1 z x is said1 sixty miles an h\r3 b ! electric fire seems propagat$ in/antane\sly1 tak+ up no p]ceptible "t 9 go+ v great di/ances4 ,x mu/ !n be an inconceivably %ort "t 9 its progress f an electrifi$ to an unelectrifi$ body1 :i*1 9 ! pres5t case1 c be b a few in*es ap>t3 b ?is small portion ( "t is n suffici5t = ! ela/icity ( ! air to ex]t itself1 & !re=e ! column a=esaid mu/ be 9 a d5s] /ate ?an its neighb\r+ air4 ,ab\t ! velocity ( ! electric fire m is said bel[1 :i* p]haps may m fully obviate ?is objection4 ,b let u h rec\rse to exp]im5ts4 ,exp]im5ts w obviate all objections1 or conf\nd ! hypo!sis4 ,! electric sp>k1 if ! =ego+ be true1 w pass ?r\gh a vacuum 9 a "r l9e4 ,to try ?is1 let a wire be fix$ p]p5dicul>ly on ! plate ( an air pump1 hav+ a lead5 ball on its upp] end2 let ano!r wire1 pass+ ?r\gh ! top ( a receiv]1 h on ea* end a lead5 ball2 let ! lead5 balls )9 ! receiv]1 :5 put on ! air pump1 be )9 two or ?ree in*es ( ea* o!r3 ! receiv] be+ exhau/$1 ! sp>k giv5 f a *>g$ phial to ! upp] wire w pass ?r\gh r>efi$ air1 ne>ly approa*+ to a vacuum1 to ! l[] wire1 & ,i suppose 9 a "r l9e1 or ne>ly s2 ! small portion ( air rema9+ 9 ! receiv]1 :i* _c be entirely exhau/$1 may possibly cause x to deviate a little1 b p]haps n s5sibly1 f a "r l9e4 ,! sp>k also might be made to pass ?r\gh air greatly cond5s$1 :i* p]haps w\ld give a /ill m crook$ direction4 ,i h n _h opportunity to make any exp]im5ts ( ?is sort1 n kn[+ ( an air-pump ne>] ?an ,cambridge1 b y c easily make !m4 ,if ^! exp]im5ts answ]1 ,i ?9k ! crook$ direction ( lightn+ w be also acc\nt$ =4 ,) respect to y\r lett]s on electricity1 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 994 ,y\r hypo!sis 9 p>ticul> = expla9+ ! ph5om5a ( lightn+ is v +5i\s4 ,t "s cl\ds are highly *>g$ ) electrical fire1 & t _! communicat+ x to ^? t h less1 to m\nta9s & o!r em95cies1 makes x visible & audible1 :5 x is d5om9at$ lightn+ & ?und]1 is highly probable3 b t ! sea1 :i* y suppose ! gr& s\rce ( x1 c collect x1 ,i ?9k admits ( a d\bt3 = ?\gh ! sea be compos$ ( salt & wat]1 an electric p] se & non-electric1 & ?\gh ! friction ( electrics p] se & non-electrics1 w collect t fire1 yet x is only "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 :i* wat] w n admit4 ,= x seems necess>y1 t ! electrics p] se & non-electrics rubb+ "o ano!r1 %\ld be ( su* sub/ances z w n adh]e to1 or incorporate ) ea* o!r4 ,?us a glass or sulphur sph]e turn$ 9 wat]1 & s a friction betwe5 !m1 w n collect any fire2 nor1 ,i suppose1 w\ld a sph]e ( salt revolv+ 9 wat]2 ! wat] adh]+ to1 or incorporat+ ) ^? electrics p] se4 ,b grant+ t ! friction betwe5 salt & wat] w\ld collect ! electrical fire1 t fire1 be+ s extremely subtle & active1 w\ld be imm$iately communicat$1 ei!r to ^? l[] p>ts ( ! sea f :i* x 0 drawn1 & s only p]=m quick revolutions2 or be communicat$ to ! adjac5t isl&s or cont95t1 & s be diffus$ in/antane\sly ?r\gh ! g5]al mass ( ! e>?4 ,i say in/antane\sly1 = ! greate/ di/ances we c conceive )9 ! limits ( our globe1 ev5 t ( ! two mo/ opposite po9ts1 x w take no s5sible "t 9 pass+ ?r\gh3 & !re=e x seems a little difficult to conceive h[ !re c be any accumulation ( ! electrical fire ^u ! surface ( ! sea or h[ ! vap\rs aris+ f ! sea %\ld h a great] %>e ( t fire ?an o!r vap\rs4 ,t ! progress ( ! electrical fire is s amaz+ly swift1 seems evid5t f an exp]im5t y y\rself 7n out ( *oice7 made1 :5 two or ?ree l>ge glass j>s 7 dis*>g$ ?r\gh y\r body4 ,y nei!r he>d ! crack1 0 s5sible ( ! /roke1 nor1 :i* is m extraord9>y1 saw ! light2 :i* gave y j reason to conclude1 t x 0 swift] ?an s\nd1 ?an animal s5sation1 & ev5 light itself4 ,n[ light 7z a/ronom]s h demon/rat$7 is ab\t six m9utes pass+ f ! sun to ! e>?2 a di/ance1 !y say1 ( m ?an eighty millions ( miles4 ,! greate/ rectil9e> di/ance )9 ! compass ( ! e>? is ab\t eight ?\s& miles1 equal to its diamet]4 ,suppos+ !n1 t ! velocity ( ! electric fire be ! same z t ( light1 x w g ?r\gh a space equal to ! e>?'s diamet] 9 ab\t #b_/fj ( "o second ( a m9ute4 ,x seems inconceivable !n1 t x %\ld be accumulat$ ^u ! sea1 9 its pres5t /ate1 :i*1 z x is a non-electric1 mu/ give ! fire an in/antane\s passage to ! neighb\r+ %ores1 & !y convey x to ! g5]al mass ( ! e>?4 ,b su* accumulation seems /ill m inconceivable :5 ! electrical fire has b a few feet dep? ( wat] to p5etrate1 to return to ! place f :5ce x is suppos$ to be collect$4 ,y\r ?\ghts ^u ^! rem>ks ,i %all receive ) a great deal ( pleasure4 ,i take notice t 9 ! pr9t$ copies ( y\r lett]s sev]al ?+s are want+ :i* are 9 ! manuscript y s5t me4 ,i und]/& by y\r son1 t y _h writ1 or 0 writ+1 a pap] on ! effect ( ! electrical fire on load/ones1 ne$les1 c4 :i* ,i w\ld ask ! fav\r ( a copy (1 z well z ( any o!r pap]s on electricity1 writt5 s9ce ,i _h ! manuscript1 = :i* ,i repeat my obligations to y4 ,i am1 c4 ,j4 ,b4 ,,footnotes3 #gb ,mr4 ,bad\94 ,editor4 #gc ,?is is mo/ easily obs]v$ 9 l>ge /rong sp>ks tak5 at "s in*es di/ance4 ,,to ,j4 ,b4 ,,at ,,bo/on4 ,obs]vations on ! ,subjects ( ! prec$+ ,lett]4--,reasons = suppos+ ! ,sea to be ! gr& s\rce ( ,lightn+4--,reasons = d\bt+ ?is hypo!sis4--,improvem5t 9 a ,globe = rais+ ! ,electric ,fire4 ,read at ! ,royal ,society1 ,may #bg1 #agef4 ,philadelphia1 ,jan4 #bd1 #ageb4 ,,sir1 ,i am glad to le>n1 by y\r fav\r ( ! #ba/ pa/1 t ,mr4 ,k9n]sley's lectures h be5 acceptable to ! g5tlem5 ( ,bo/on1 & are l to prove s]viceable to himself4 ,i ?ank y = ! c\nt5ance & enc\ragem5t y h s k9dly af=d$ my fell[-citiz54 ,i s5d y enclos$ an extract ( a lett] conta9+ ! sub/ance ( :at ,i obs]v$ conc]n+ ! communication ( magnetism to ne$les by electricity4 ,! m9utes ,i took at ! "t ( ! exp]im5ts are mislaid4 ,i am v little acqua9t$ ) ! nature ( magnetism4 ,dr4 ,gaw9 ,knight1 inv5tor ( ! /eel magnets1 has wrote l>gely on t subject1 b ,i h n yet _h leisure to p]use 8 writ+s ) ! att5tion necess>y to become ma/] ( 8 doctr9e4 ,y\r explication ( ! crook$ direction ( lightn+ appe>s to me bo? +5i\s & solid4 ,:5 we c acc\nt z satisfactorily = ! electrification ( cl\ds1 ,i ?9k t bran* ( natural philosophy w be ne>ly complete4 ,! air1 und\bt$ly1 ob/ructs ! motion ( ! electric fluid4 ,dry air prev5ts ! dissipation ( an electric atmosph]e1 ! d5s] ! m1 z 9 cold wea!r4 ,i "q :e!r su* an atmosph]e c be reta9$ by a body 9 vacuo4 ,a common electrical phial requires a non-electric communication f ! wire to e "p ( ! *>g$ glass2 o!rwise1 be+ dry & clean1 & fill$ ) air only1 x *>ges sl[ly1 & dis*>ges gradually1 by sp>ks1 )\t a %ock3 b1 exhau/$ ( air1 ! communication is s op5 & free betwe5 ! ins]t$ wire & surface ( ! glass1 t x *>ges z readily1 & %ocks z sm>tly z if fill$ ) wat]3 & ,i d\bt n1 b t 9 ! exp]im5t y propose1 ! sp>ks w\ld n only be ne> /rait 9 vacuo1 b /rike at a great] di/ance ?an 9 ! op5 air1 ?\gh p]haps !re w\ld n be a l\d explosion4 ,z soon z ,i h a little leisure1 ,i w make ! exp]im5t1 & s5d y ! result4 ,my supposition1 t ! sea might possibly be ! gr& s\rce ( lightn+1 arose f ! common obs]vation ( its lum9\s appe>ance 9 ! night1 on ! lea/ motion2 an appe>ance nev] obs]v$ 9 fre% wat]4 ,!n ,i knew t ! electric fluid may be pump$ up out ( ! e>?1 by ! friction ( a glass globe1 on a non-electric cu%ion2 & t1 not)/&+ ! surpris+ activity & swiftness ( t fluid1 & ! non-electric communication betwe5 all p>ts ( ! cu%ion & ! e>?1 yet quantities w\ld be snat*$ up by ! revolv+ surface ( ! globe1 ?r[n on ! prime conductor1 & dissipat$ 9 air4 ,h[ ?is 0 done1 & :y t subtle active _s did n imm$iately return aga9 f ! globe1 into "s "p or o!r ( ! cu%ion1 & s into ! e>?1 0 difficult to conceive2 b :e!r f its be+ oppos$ by a curr5t sett+ upw>ds to ! cu%ion1 or f :atev] o!r cause1 t x did n s return 0 an evid5t fact4 ,!n ,i consid]$ ! sep>ate p>ticles ( wat] z s _m h>d sph]ules1 capable ( t\*+ ! salt only 9 po9ts1 & imag9$ a p>ticle ( salt c\ld !re=e no m be wet by a p>ticle ( wat]1 ?an a globe by a cu%ion2 t !re might !re=e be su* a friction betwe5 ^! orig9ally con/itu5t p>ticles ( salt & wat]1 z 9 a sea ( globes & cu%ions2 t ea* p>ticle ( wat] on ! surface might obta9 f ! common mass1 "s p>ticles ( ! univ]sally diffus$1 mu* f9]1 & m subtle electric fluid1 & =m+ to itself an atmosph]e ( ^? p>ticles1 be repell$ f ! !n g5]ally electrifi$ surface ( ! sea1 & fly away ) !m into ! air4 ,i ?\ght too1 t possibly ! great mixture ( p>ticles electric p] se1 9 ! ocean wat]1 might1 9 "s degree1 imp$e ! swift motion & dissipation ( ! electric fluid1 ?r\gh x to ! %ores1 c4--,b hav+ s9ce f\nd1 t salt 9 ! wat] ( an electric phial does n less5 ! %ock2 & hav+ endeav\r$ 9 va9 to produce t lum9\s appe>ance f a mixture ( salt & wat] agitat$2 & obs]v$1 t ev5 ! sea-wat] w n produce x aft] "s h\rs /&+ 9 a bottle2 ,i suspect x to proce$ f "s pr9ciple yet unkn[n to u 7:i* ,i w\ld gladly make "s exp]im5ts to discov]1 if ,i liv$ ne> ! sea7 & ,i gr[ m d\btful ( my =m] supposition1 & m ready to all[ weight to t objection 7drawn f ! activity ( ! electric fluid1 & ! read9ess ( wat] to conduct7 :i* y h inde$ /at$ ) great /r5g? & cle>ness4 ,9 ! mean "t1 be=e we "p ) ?is hypo!sis1 let u ?9k :at to sub/itute 9 its place4 ,i h sometimes qu]i$ :e!r ! friction ( ! air1 an electric p] se1 9 viol5t w9ds1 among trees1 & aga9/ ! surface ( ! e>?1 might n pump up1 z s _m glass globes1 quantities ( ! electric fluid1 :i* ! ris+ vap\rs might receive f ! air1 & reta9 9 ! cl\ds !y =m8 on :i* ,i %\ld be glad to h y\r s5tim5ts4 ,an +5i\s fri5d ( m9e supposes ! l&-cl\ds m likely to be electrifi$ ?an ! sea-cl\ds4 ,i s5d 8 lett] = y\r p]usal1 :i* please to return me4 ,i h wrote no?+ lately on electricity1 nor obs]v$ any ?+ new t is mat]ial1 my "t be+ mu* tak5 up ) o!r affairs4 ,ye/]day ,i dis*>g$ f\r j>s ?r\gh a f9e wire1 ti$ up betwe5 two /rips ( glass3 ! wire 0 9 "p melt$1 & ! re/ broke into small pieces1 f half an in* long1 to half a qu>t] ( an in*4 ,my globe raises ! electric fire ) great] ease1 9 mu* great] quantities1 by ! means ( a wire ext5d$ f ! cu%ion1 to ! iron p9 ( a pump h&le beh9d my h\se1 :i* communicates by ! pump spe> ) ! wat] 9 ! well4 ,by ?is po/ ,i s5d to 999999991 :o is curi\s 9 t way1 "s meteorological obs]vations & conjectures1 & desire him to communicate !m to y1 z !y may af=d y "s amusem5t1 & ,i "k y w look ov] !m ) a c&id eye4 ,by ?r[+ our occasional ?\ghts on pap]1 we m readily discov] ! defects ( our op9ions1 or we dige/ !m bett] & f9d new argum5ts to support !m4 ,?is ,i sometimes practise3 b su* pieces are fit only to be se5 by fri5ds4 ,i am1 c4 ,b4 ,,frankl94 ,,f ,j4 ,b4 ,,esq4 ,,( ,,bo/on1 ,,to ,,b5jam9 ,,frankl91 ,,esq4 ,,at ,,philadelphia4 ,effect ( ,lightn+ on ,capta9 ,waddel's ,compass1 & ! ,dut* ,*ur* at ,new ,york4 ,read at ! ,royal ,society1 ,june #c1 #agef4 ,bo/on1 ,m>* #b1 #ageb4 ,,sir1 ,i h receiv$ y\r fav\r ( ! #bd? ( ,janu>y pa/1 inclos+ an extract f y\r lett] to ,mr4 ,coll9son1 & 99999999's lett] to y\rself1 :i* ,i h read ) a great deal ( pleasure1 & am mu* oblig$ to y =4 ,y\r extract confirms a correction ,mr4 ,k9n]sley made a few days ago1 ( a mi/ake ,i 0 "u respect+ ! pol>ity giv5 to ne$les by ! electrical fire1 t ! end :i* receives ! fire always po9ts nor?2 &1 t ! ne$le be+ situat$ ea/ & we/1 w n h a pol> direction4 ,y f9d1 h[ev]1 ! pol>ity /ronge/ :5 ! ne$le is %ock$ ly+ nor? & s\?2 weake/ :5 ly+ ea/ & we/2 :i* makes x probable t ! communicat$ magnetism is less1 z ! ne$le v>ies f a nor? & s\? situation4 ,z to ! ne$le ( ,capta9 ,waddel's compass1 if its pol>ity 0 rev]s$ by ! lightn+1 ! effect ( lightn+ & electricity1 9 reg>d ( t1 seems dissimil>2 = a magnetic ne$le 9 a nor? & s\? situation 7z ! compass ne$le 07 in/ead ( hav+ its p[] rev]s$1 or ev5 dim9i%$1 w\ld h x confirm$ or increas$ by ! electric fire4 ,b p]haps ! lightn+ communicat$ to "s nails 9 ! b9nacle 7:]e ! compass is plac$7 ! magnetic virtue1 :i* might di/urb ! compass4 ,?is ,i h he>d 0 ! case2 if s1 ! seem+ dissimil>ity vani%es3 b ?is rem>kable circum/ance 7if x took place7 ,i %\ld ?9k w\ld n be omitt$ 9 ,capta9 ,waddel's acc\nt4 ,i am v mu* pleas$ t ! explication ,i s5t y1 ( ! crook$ direction ( lightn+1 meets ) y\r approbation4 ,z to y\r supposition ab\t ! s\rce ( lightn+1 ! lum9\s appe>ance ( ! sea 9 ! night1 & ! similitude betwe5 ! friction ( ! p>ticles ( salt & wat]1 z y consid]$ !m 9 _! orig9al sep>ate /ate1 & ! friction ( ! globe & cu%ion1 v naturally l$ y to ! ocean1 z ! gr& s\rce ( lightn+3 b ! activity ( lightn+1 or ! electric elem5t1 & ! fitness ( wat] to conduct x1 toge!r ) ! exp]im5ts y m5tion ( salt & wat]1 seem to make aga9/ x1 & to prep>e ! way = "s o!r hypo!sis4 ,accord+ly y propose a new "o1 :i* is v curi\s1 & n s liable1 ,i ?9k1 to objections z ! =m]4 ,b !re is n z yet1 ,i believe1 a suffici5t v>iety ( exp]im5ts to e/abli% any !ory1 ?\gh ?is seems ! mo/ hopeful ( any ,i h he>d (4 ,! effect :i* ! dis*>ge ( y\r f\r glass j>s _h ^u a f9e wire1 ti$ betwe5 two /rips ( glass1 puts me 9 m9d ( a v simil> "o ( lightn+1 t ,i obs]v$ at ,new-,york1 ,octob]1 #agej1 a few days aft] ,i left ,philadelphia4 ,9 company ) a numb] ( g5tlem51 ,i w5t to take a view ( ! city f ! ,dut* *ur* /eeple1 9 :i* is a clock ab\t tw5ty or tw5ty-five feet bel[ ! bell4 ,f ! clock w5t a wire ?r\gh two floors1 to ! clock-hamm] ne> ! bell1 ! holes 9 ! floor = ! wire be+ p]haps ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* diamet]4 ,we 7 told1 t 9 ! spr+ ( #agej1 ! lightn+ /ruck ! clock hamm]1 & desc5d$ along ! wire to ! clock1 melt+ 9 its way sev]al spots ( ! wire1 f ?ree to n9e in*es long1 ?r\gh "o-?ird ( its sub/ance1 till com+ )9 a few feet ( ! l[] end1 x melt$ ! wire q ?r\gh1 9 sev]al places1 s t x fell d[n 9 sev]al pieces2 :i* spots & pieces we saw4 ,:5 x got to ! end ( ! wire1 x flew (f to ! h+e ( a door1 %att]$ ! door1 & dissipat$4 ,9 its passage ?r\gh ! holes ( ! floors x did n d ! lea/ damage1 :i* evid5ces t wire is a good conductor ( lightn+ 7z x is ( electricity7 provid$ x be sub/antial en\gh1 & might1 9 ?is case1 _h x be5 cont9u$ to ! e>?1 h conduct$ x )\t damag+ ! build+4#gd ,y\r in=mation ab\t y\r globe's rais+ ! electric fire 9 great] quantities1 by means ( a wire ext5d$ f ! cu%ion to ! e>?1 w enable me1 ,i hope1 to rem$y a great inconv5i5ce ,i h be5 "u1 to collect ! fire ) ! electrify+ glass ,i use1 :i* is fix$ 9 a v dry room1 ?ree /ories f ! gr\nd4 ,:5 y s5d y\r meteorological obs]vations to 999999991 ,i hope ,i %all h ! pleasure ( see+ !m4 ,i am1 c4 ,j4 ,b4 ,,footnote3 #gd ,! wire m5tion$ 9 ?is acc\nt 0 re-plac$ by a small brass *a94 ,9 ! summ] ( #agfc1 ! lightn+ aga9 /ruck t /eeple1 & f ! clock-hamm] ne> ! bell1 x pursu$ ! *a9 z x _h be=e done ! wire1 w5t (f to ! same h+e1 & aga9 %att]$ ! same door4 ,9 its passage ?r\gh ! same holes ( ! same floors1 x did no damage to ! floors1 nor to ! build+ dur+ ! :ole ext5t ( ! *a94 ,b ! *a9 itself 0 de/roy$1 be+ p>tly scatt]$ ab\t 9 fragm5ts ( two or ?ree l9ks melt$ & /uck toge!r1 & p>tly bl[n up or r$uc$ to smoke1 & dissipat$4 ,see an acc\nt ( ! same effect ( lightn+ on a wire at ,newbury1 p4 #caa4 ,! /eeple1 :5 repair$1 0 gu>d$ by an iron conductor1 or rod1 ext5d+ f ! foot ( ! vane-sp9dle d[n ! outside ( ! build+1 into ! e>?4 ,! newspap]s h m5tion$1 t 9 #agfe1 ! lightn+ fell a ?ird "t on ! same /eeple1 & 0 safely conduct$ by ! rod2 b ! p>ticul>s are n come to h&4 ,proposal ( an ,exp]im5t to measure ! ,"t tak5 up by an ,electric ,sp>k1 9 mov+ ?r\gh any giv5 ,space4 ,by ,j4 ,a4#ge ,esq4 ( ,new-,york4 ,read at ! ,royal ,society1 ,dec #bf1 #agef4 ,if ,i rememb] "r1 ! ,royal ,society made "o exp]im5t to discov] ! velocity ( ! electric fire1 by a wire ( ab\t f\r miles 9 l5g?1 support$ by silk1 & by turn+ x =w>ds & backw>ds 9 a field1 s t ! beg9n+ & end ( ! wire 7 at only ! di/ance ( two p1 ! "o hold+ ! ,leyd5 bottle & ! beg9n+ ( ! wire1 & ! o!r hold+ ! end ( ! wire & t\*+ ! r+ ( ! bottle2 b by ?is exp]im5t no discov]y 0 made1 except t ! velocity 0 extremely quick4 ,z wat] is a conductor z well z metals1 x is to be consid]$ :e!r ! velocity ( ! electric fire might n be discov]$ by means ( wat]2 :e!r a riv]1 or lake1 or sea1 may n be made "p ( ! circuit ?r\gh :i* ! electric fire passes8 in/ead ( ! circuit all ( wire1 z 9 ! above exp]im5t4 ,:e!r 9 a riv]1 lake1 or sea1 ! electric fire w n dissipate & n return to ! bottle8 or1 w x proce$ 9 /rait l9es ?r\gh ! wat] ! %orte/ c\rses possible back to ! bottle8 ,if ! la/1 !n suppose "o brook t falls into ,delaw>e do? head v ne> to a brook t falls into ,s*uylkil1 & let a wire be /ret*$ & support$ z be=e1 f ! head ( ! "o brook to ! head ( ! o!r1 & let ! "o end communicate ) ! wat]1 & let "o p]son /& 9 ! o!r brook1 hold+ ! ,leyd5 bottle1 & let ano!r p]son hold t end ( ! wire n 9 ! wat]1 & t\* ! r+ ( ! bottle4--,if ! electric fire w g z 9 ! la/ "q1 !n w x g d[n ! "o brook to ,delaw>e or ,s*uylkill1 & d[n "o ( !m to _! meet+1 & up ! o!r & ! o!r brook2 ! "t ( its do+ ?is may possibly be obs]vable1 & ! fur!r upw>ds ! brooks are *os51 ! m obs]vable x w\ld be4 ,%\ld ?is be n obs]vable1 !n suppose ! two brooks fall+ into ,sasquehana & ,delaw>e1 & proce$+ z be=e1 ! electric fire may1 by t means1 make a circuit r\nd ! ,nor? ,cape ( ,virg9ia1 & g _m hundr$s ( miles1 & 9 do+ t1 x w\ld seem x mu/ take "s obs]vable "t4 ,if /ill no obs]vable "t is f\nd 9 t exp]im5t1 !n suppose ! brooks fall+ ! "o into ! ,ohio1 & ! o!r into ,sasquehana1 or ,potomack1 9 t ! electric fire w\ld h a circuit ( "s ?\s&s ( miles to g d[n ,ohio to ,mississippi1 to ! ,bay ( ,mexico1 r\nd ,florida1 & r\nd ! ,s\? ,cape ( ,virg9ia2 :i*1 ,i ?9k1 w\ld give "s obs]vable "t1 & discov] exactly ! velocity4 ,b if ! electric fire dissipates1 or weak5s 9 ! wat]1 z ,i fe> x does1 ^! exp]im5ts w n answ]4 ,answ] to ! =ego+4 ,read at ! ,royal ,society1 ,dec4 #be1 #agef4 ,suppose a tube ( any l5g? op5 at bo? ends1 & conta9+ a moveable wire ( j ! same l5g?1 t fills its bore4 ,if ,i attempt to introduce ! end ( ano!r wire into ! same tube1 x mu/ be done by pu%+ =w>d ! wire x already conta9s2 & ! in/ant ,i press & move "o end ( t wire1 ! o!r end is also mov$2 & 9 introduc+ "o in* ( ! same wire1 ,i extrude1 at ! same "t1 an in* ( ! fir/1 f ! o!r end ( ! tube4 ,if ! tube be fill$ ) wat]1 & ,i inject an additional in* ( wat] at "o end1 ,i =ce out an equal quantity at ! o!r1 9 ! v same in/ant4 ,& ! wat] =c$ out at "o end ( ! tube is n ! v same wat] t 0 =c$ 9 at ! o!r end at ! same "t1 x 0 only 9 motion at ! same "t4 ,! long wire1 made use ( 9 ! exp]im5t to discov] ! velocity ( ! electric fluid1 is itself fill$ ) :at we call its natural quantity ( t fluid1 be=e ! hook ( ! ,leyd5 bottle is appli$ to "o end ( x4 ,! outside ( ! bottle be+ at ! "t ( su* application 9 contact ) ! o!r end ( ! wire1 ! :ole quantity ( electric fluid conta9$ 9 ! wire is1 probably1 put 9 motion at once4 ,= at ! in/ant ! hook1 connect$ ) ! inside ( ! bottle1 gives out2 ! coat+1 or outside ( ! bottle1 draws 9 a portion ( t fluid4 ,if su* long wire conta9s precisely ! quantity t ! outside ( ! bottle dem&s1 ! :ole w move out ( ! wire to ! outside ( ! bottle1 & ! ov] quantity :i* ! inside ( ! bottle conta9$1 be+ exactly equal1 w fl[ into ! wire1 & rema9 !re1 9 ! place ( ! quantity ! wire _h j p>t$ ) to ! outside ( ! bottle4 ,b if ! wire be s long z t "o-t5? 7suppose7 ( its natural quantity is suffici5t to supply :at ! outside ( ! bottle dem&s1 9 su* case ! outside w only receive :at is conta9$ 9 "o-t5? ( ! wire's l5g?1 f ! end next to x2 ?\gh ! :ole w move s z to make room at ! o!r end = an equal quantity issu+1 at ! same "t1 f ! inside ( ! bottle4 ,s t ?is exp]im5t only %ews ! extreme facility ) :i* ! electric fluid moves 9 metal2 x c nev] det]m9e ! velocity4 ,&1 !re=e1 ! propos$ exp]im5t 7?\gh well imag9$1 & v +5i\s7 ( s5d+ ! sp>k r\nd ?r\gh a va/ l5g? ( space1 by ! wat]s ( ,susquehannah1 or ,pot[mack1 & ,ohio1 w\ld n af=d ! satisfaction desir$1 ?\gh we c\ld be sure t ! motion ( ! electric fluid w\ld be 9 t tract1 & n "u gr\nd 9 ! wet e>? by ! %orte/ way4 ,b4 ,,frankl94 ,,footnote3 #ge ,james ,alex&]4 ,editor4 ,,f ,,mr4 ,,k9n]sley ,,to ,b4 ,,frankl91 ,,esq4 ,exp]im5ts on boil+ ,wat]1 & ,glass heat$ by boil+ ,wat]4--,doctr9e ( ,repulsion 9 electris$ ,bodies d\bt$4--,electricity ( ! ,atmosph]e at diff]5t ,heights4--,electrical ,horse-race4--,electrical ,!rmomet]4--,9 :at ,cases ! electrical ,fire produces ,heat4--,wire l5g!n$ by ,electricity4--,good ,effect ( a ,rod on ! ,h\se ( ,mr4 ,we/1 ( ,philadelphia4 ,philadelphia1 ,m>* #ab1 #agfa4 ,,sir1 ,hav+ lately made ! foll[+ exp]im5ts1 ,i v *e>fully communicate !m1 9 hopes ( giv+ y "s degree ( pleasure1 & excit+ y to fur!r explore y\r favorite1 b n q exhau/$ subject1 electricity4 ,i plac$ myself on an electric /&1 &1 be+ well electris$1 ?rew my hat to an unelectris$ p]son1 at a consid]able di/ance1 on ano!r /&1 & f\nd t ! hat c>ri$ "s ( ! electricity ) x2 =1 ^u go+ imm$iately to ! p]son :o receiv$ x1 & hold+ a flax5 ?read ne> him1 ,i p]ceiv$ he 0 electris$ suffici5tly to attract ! ?read4 ,i !n susp5d$1 by silk1 a broad plate ( metal1 & electris$ "s boil+ wat] "u x at ab\t f\r feet di/ance1 expect+ t ! vap\r1 :i* asc5d$ pl5tifully to ! plate1 w\ld1 ^u ! pr9ciple ( ! =ego+ exp]im5t1 c>ry up "s ( ! electricity ) x2 b 0 at l5g? fully conv9c$1 by sev]al repeat$ trials1 t x left all its %>e !re( beh9d4 ,?is ,i "k n h[ to acc\nt =2 b does x n seem to corroborate y\r hypo!sis1 ,t ! vap\rs ( :i* ! cl\ds are =m$1 leave _! %>e ( electricity beh9d1 9 ! common /ock1 & asc5d 9 ! negative /ate8 ,i put boil+ wat] into a coat$ ,flor5ce flask1 & f\nd t ! heat s enl>g$ ! pores ( ! glass1 t x c\ld n be *>g$4 ,! electricity pass$ ?r\gh z readily1 to all appe>ance1 z ?r\gh metal2 ! *>ge ( a ?ree-p9t bottle w5t freely ?r\gh1 )\t injur+ ! flask 9 ! lea/4 ,:5 x became almo/ cold1 ,i c\ld *>ge x z usual4 ,w\ld n ?is exp]im5t conv9ce ! ,abb ,nollet ( 8 egregi\s mi/ake8 ,= :ile ! electricity w5t fairly ?r\gh ! glass1 z he cont5ds x always does1 ! glass c\ld n be *>g$ at all4 ,i took a sl5d] piece ( c$>1 ab\t eighte5 in*es long1 fix$ a brass cap 9 ! middle1 ?ru/ a p9 horizontally & at "r angles1 ?r\gh ea* end 7! po9ts 9 contr>y directions7 & hung x1 nicely balanc$1 l ! ne$le ( a compass1 on a p91 ab\t six in*es long1 fix$ 9 ! c5tre ( an electric /&4 ,!n1 electris+ ! /&1 ,i _h ! pleasure ( see+ :at ,i expect$2 ! wood5 ne$le turn$ r\nd1 c>ry+ ! p9s ) _! heads =emo/4 ,i !n electris$ ! /& negatively1 expect+ ! ne$le to turn ! contr>y way1 b 0 extremely disappo9t$1 = x w5t /ill ! same way z be=e4 ,:5 ! /& 0 electris$ positively1 ,i suppose t ! natural quantity ( electricity 9 ! air be+ increas$ on "o side1 by :at issu$ f ! po9ts1 ! ne$le 0 attract$ by ! less] quantity on ! o!r side4 ,:5 electris$ negatively1 ,i suppose t ! natural quantity ( electricity 9 ! air 0 dim9i%$ ne> ! po9ts2 9 consequ5ce :]e(1 ! equilibrium be+ de/roy$1 ! ne$le 0 attract$ by ! great] quantity on ! opposite side4 ,! doctr9e ( repulsion1 9 electris$ bodies1 ,i beg9 to be some:at d\btful (4 ,i ?9k all ! ph5om5a on :i* x is f\nd$1 may be well en\gh acc\nt$ = )\t x4 ,w n cork balls1 electris$ negatively1 sep>ate z f> z :5 electris$ positively8 ,& may n _! sep>ation 9 bo? cases be acc\nt$ = ^u ! same pr9ciple1 namely1 ! mutual attraction ( ! natural quantity 9 ! air1 & t :i* is d5s] or r>] 9 ! cork balls8 x be+ "o ( ! e/abli%$ laws ( ?is fluid1 t quantities ( diff]5t d5sities %all mutually attract ea* o!r1 9 ord] to re/ore ! equilibrium4 ,i c see no reason to conclude t ! air has n its %>e ( ! common /ock ( electricity1 z well z glass1 & p]haps1 all o!r electrics p] se4 ,= ?\gh ! air w admit bodies to be electris$ 9 x ei!r positively or negatively1 & w n readily c>ry (f ! r$undancy 9 ! "o case1 or supply ! defici5cy 9 ! o!r1 yet let a p]son 9 ! negative /ate1 out ( doors 9 ! d>k1 :5 ! air is dry1 hold1 ) 8 arm ext5d$1 a long %>p ne$le1 po9t+ upw>ds1 & he w soon be conv9c$ t electricity may be drawn out ( ! air2 n v pl5tifully1 =1 be+ a bad conductor1 x seems lo? to "p ) x1 b yet "s w evid5tly be collect$4 ,! air ne> ! p]son's body1 hav+ less ?an its natural quantity1 w h none to sp>e2 b1 8 arm be+ ext5d$1 z above1 "s w be collect$ f ! remot] air1 & w appe> lum9\s1 z x conv]ges to ! po9t ( ! ne$le4 ,let a p]son electris$ negatively pres5t ! po9t ( a ne$le1 horizontally1 to a cork ball1 susp5d$ by silk1 & ! ball w be attract$ t[>ds ! po9t1 till x has p>t$ ) s mu* ( its natural quantity ( electricity z to be 9 ! negative /ate 9 ! same degree ) ! p]son :o holds ! ne$le2 !n x w rec$e f ! po9t1 be+1 z ,i suppose1 attract$ ! contr>y way by ! electricity ( great] d5sity 9 ! air beh9d x4 ,b1 z ?is op9ion seems to deviate f electrical or?odoxy1 ,i %\ld be glad to see ^! ph5om5a bett] acc\nt$ = by y\r sup]ior & m p5etrat+ g5ius4 ,:e!r ! electricity 9 ! air1 9 cle> dry wea!r1 be ( ! same d5sity at ! height ( two or ?ree hundr$ y>ds1 z ne> ! surface ( ! e>?1 may be satisfactorily det]m9$ by y\r old exp]im5t ( ! kite4 ,! tw9e %\ld h ?r\gh\t a v small wire 9 x1 & ! ends ( ! wire1 :]e ! sev]al l5g?s are unit$1 ought to be ti$ d[n ) a wax$ ?read1 to prev5t _! act+ 9 ! mann] ( po9ts4 ,i h tri$ ! exp]im5t twice1 :5 ! air 0 z dry z we ev] h x1 & s cle> t n a cl\d c\ld be se51 & f\nd ! tw9e ea* "t 9 a small degree electris$ positively4 ,! kite _h ?ree metall9e po9ts fix$ to x3 "o on ! top1 & "o on ea* side4 ,t ! tw9e 0 electris$1 appe>$ by ! sep>at+ ( two small cork balls1 susp5d$ on ! tw9e by f9e flax5 ?reads1 j above :]e ! silk 0 ti$ to x1 & %elt]$ f ! w9d4 ,t ! tw9e 0 electris$ positively1 0 prov$1 by apply+ to x ! wire ( a *>g$ bottle1 :i* caus$ ! balls to sep>ate fur!r1 )\t fir/ com+ ne>] toge!r4 ,?is exp]im5t %[$1 t ! electricity 9 ! air1 at ^? times1 0 d5s] above ?an bel[4 ,b t _c be always ! case2 = y "k we h frequ5tly f\nd ! ?und]-cl\ds 9 ! negative /ate1 attract+ electricity f ! e>?2 :i* /ate1 x is probable1 !y are always 9 :5 fir/ =m$1 & till !y h receiv$ a suffici5t supply4 ,h[ !y come aft]w>ds1 t[>ds ! latt] end ( ! gu/1 to be 9 ! positive /ate1 :i* is sometimes ! case1 is a subject = fur!r enquiry4 ,aft] ! above exp]im5ts ) ! wood5 ne$le1 ,i =m$ a cross1 ( two pieces ( wood1 ( equal l5g?1 int]sect+ ea* o!r at "r angles 9 ! middle1 hung x horizontally ^u a c5tral p91 & set a light horse ) 8 rid]1 ^u ea* extremity2 :]eupon1 ! :ole be+ nicely balanc$1 & ea* c\rs] urg$ on by an electris$ po9t ( a pair ( spurs1 ,i 0 ent]ta9$ ) an electrical horse-race4 ,i h contriv$ an electrical air !rmomet]1 & made sev]al exp]im5ts ) x1 t h af=d$ me mu* satisfaction & pleasure4 ,x is extremely s5sible ( any alt]ation 9 ! /ate ( ! includ$ air1 & fully det]m9es t controv]t$ po9t1 ,:e!r !re be any heat 9 ! electric fire8 ,by ! enclos$ draught1 & ! foll[+ description1 y w readily appreh5d ! con/ruction ( x4 7,see ,plate ,,ii47 ,a ,b is a glass tube1 ab\t elev5 in*es long1 & "o in* diamet] 9 ! bore4 ,x has a brass f]rule cem5t$ on ea* end1 ) a top & bottom "p1 ,c & ,d1 to be screw$ on1 air-tight1 & tak5 (f at pleasure4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! bottom "p ,d1 is a male screw1 :i* goes into a brass nut1 9 ! mahogany p$e/al ,e4 ,! wires ,f & ,g are = ! electric fire to pass ?r\gh1 d>t+ f "o to ! o!r4 ,! wire ,g ext5ds ?r\gh ! p$e/al to ,h1 & may be rais$ & l[]$ by means ( a male screw on x4 ,! wire ,f may be tak5 out1 & ! hook ,i be screw$ into its place4 ,k is a glass tube1 ) a small bore1 op5 at bo? ends1 cem5t$ 9 ! brass tube ,l :i* screws into ! top "p ,c4 ,! l[] end ( ! tube ,k is imm]s$ 9 wat]1 col\r$ ) co*9eal1 at ! bottom ( ! tube ,a ,b4 7,i us$1 at fir/1 col\r$ spirits ( w9e1 b 9 "o exp]im5t ,i made1 x took fire47 ,on ! top ( ! tube ,k is cem5t$1 = ornam5t1 a brass f]rule1 ) a head screw$ on x1 :i* has a small air-hole ?r\gh its side1 at a4 ,! wire b1 is a small r\nd spr+1 t embraces ! tube ,k1 s z to /ay :]ev] x is plac$4 ,! weight ,m is to keep /rait :atev] may be susp5d$ 9 ! tube ,a ,b1 on ! hook ,i4 ,air mu/ be bl[n ?r\gh ! tube ,k1 into ! tube ,a ,b1 till en\gh is intrud$ to raise1 by its ela/ic =ce1 a column ( ! col\r$ wat] 9 ! tube ,k1 up to c1 or !reab\ts2 & !n1 ! gage-wire b1 be+ slipt d[n to ! top ( ! column1 ! !rmomet] is ready = use4 ,illu/ration3 7( ! exp]im5t bel[7 ,plate ,,ii4 ,vol4 ,i4 page #ccf4 ,publi%$ z ! ,act directs1 ,april #a1 #ahjf1 by ,longman1 ,hur/1 ,rees ,orme1 ,pat]no/] ,r[4 ,i set ! !rmomet] on an electric /&1 ) ! *a9 ,n fix$ to ! prime conductor1 & kept x well electris$ a consid]able "t2 b ?is produc$ no s5sible effect2 :i* %ews1 t ! electric fire1 :5 9 a /ate ( re/1 has no m heat ?an ! air1 & o!r matt] :]e9 x resides4 ,:5 ! wires ,f & ,g are 9 contact1 a l>ge *>ge ( electricity s5t ?r\gh !m1 ev5 t ( my case ( five & ?irty bottles1 conta9+ above ?irty squ>e feet ( coat$ glass1 w produce no r>efaction ( ! air includ$ 9 ! tube ,a ,b2 :i* %[s t ! wires are n heat$ by ! fire's pass+ ?r\gh !m4 ,:5 ! wires are ab\t two in*es ap>t1 ! *>ge ( a ?ree p9t bottle1 d>t+ f "o to ! o!r1 r>efies ! air v evid5tly2 :i* %[s1 ,i ?9k1 t ! electric fire mu/ produce heat 9 itself1 z well z 9 ! air1 by its rapid motion4 ,! *>ge ( "o ( my glass j>s 7:i* w conta9 ab\t five gallons & a half1 w9e measure7 d>t+ f wire to wire1 w1 by ! di/urbance x gives ! air1 repell+ x 9 all directions1 raise ! column 9 ! tube ,k1 up to d1 or !reab\ts2 & ! *>ge ( ! above-m5tion$ case ( bottles w raise x to ! top ( ! tube4 ,^u ! air's coalesc+1 ! column1 by its gravity1 in/antly subsides1 till x is 9 equilibrio ) ! r>efi$ air2 x !n gradually desc5ds z ! air cools1 & settles :]e x /ood be=e4 ,by c>efully obs]v+ at :at height above ! gage-wire b1 ! desc5d+ column fir/ /ops1 ! degree ( r>efaction is discov]$1 :i*1 9 great explosions1 is v consid]able4 ,i hung 9 ! !rmomet]1 successively1 a /rip ( wet writ+ pap]1 a wet flax5 & wooll5 ?read1 a blade ( gre5 grass1 a filam5t ( gre5 wood1 a f9e silv] ?read1 a v small brass wire1 & a /rip ( gilt pap]2 & f\nd t ! *>ge ( ! above-m5tion$ glass j>1 pass+ ?r\gh ea* ( ^!1 especially ! la/1 produc$ heat en\gh to r>efy ! air v p]ceptibly4 ,i !n susp5d$1 out ( ! !rmomet]1 a piece ( small h>psi*ord wire1 ab\t tw5ty-f\r in*es long1 ) a p\nd weight at ! l[] end1 & s5t ! *>ge ( ! case ( five & ?irty bottles ?r\gh x1 :]eby ,i discov]$ a new me?od ( wire-draw+4 ,! wire 0 r$ hot ! :ole l5g?1 well anneal$1 & above an in* long] ?an be=e4 ,a second *>ge melt$ x2 x p>t$ ne> ! middle1 & measur$1 :5 ! ends 7 put toge!r1 f\r in*es long] ?an at fir/4 ,?is exp]im5t1 ,i rememb]1 y propos$ to me be=e y left ,philadelphia2 b ,i nev] tri$ x till n[4 ,t ,i might h no d\bt ( ! wire's be+ hot z well z r$1 ,i repeat$ ! exp]im5t on ano!r piece ( ! same wire1 encompass$ ) a goose-quill1 fill$ ) loose gra9s ( gun-p[d]2 :i* took fire z readily z if x _h be5 t\*$ ) a r$ hot pok]4 ,also t9d]1 ti$ to ano!r piece ( ! wire1 k9dl$ by x4 ,i tri$ a wire ab\t ?ree times z big1 b c\ld produce no su* effects ) t4 ,h5ce x appe>s t ! electric fire1 ?\gh x has no s5sible heat :5 9 a /ate ( re/1 w1 by its viol5t motion1 & ! resi/ance x meets )1 produce heat 9 o!r bodies :5 pass+ ?r\gh !m1 provid$ !y be small en\gh4 ,a l>ge quantity w pass ?r\gh a l>ge wire1 )\t produc+ any s5sible heat2 :5 ! same quantity pass+ ?r\gh a v small "o1 be+ !re conf9$ to a n>r[] passage1 ! p>ticles cr[d+ clos] toge!r1 & meet+ ) great] resi/ance1 w make x r$ hot1 & ev5 melt x4 ,h5ce lightn+ does n melt metal by a cold fusion1 z we =m]ly suppos$2 b1 :5 x passes ?r\gh ! blade ( a sword1 if ! quantity be n v great1 x may heat ! po9t s z to melt x1 :ile ! broade/ & ?icke/ "p may n be s5sibly w>m] ?an be=e4 ,& :5 trees or h\ses are set on fire by ! dreadful quantity :i* a cl\d1 or ! e>?1 sometimes dis*>ges1 mu/ n ! heat1 by :i* ! wood is fir/ k9dl$1 be g5]at$ by ! lightn+'s viol5t motion1 ?r\gh ! resi/+ combu/ible matt]8 ,if lightn+1 by its rapid motion1 produces heat 9 itself2 z well z 9 o!r bodies 7& t x does ,i ?9k is evid5t f "s ( ! =ego+ exp]im5ts made ) ! !rmomet]7 !n its sometimes s+e+ ! hair ( animals kill$ by x1 may easily be acc\nt$ =4 ,& ! reason ( its n always do+ s1 may1 p]haps1 be ?is3 ,! quantity1 ?\gh suffici5t to kill a l>ge animal1 may sometimes n be great en\gh1 or n h met ) resi/ance en\gh1 to become1 by its motion1 burn+ hot4 ,we f9d t dwell+-h\ses1 /ruck ) lightn+1 are seldom set on fire by x2 b :5 x passes ?r\gh b>ns1 ) hay or /raw 9 !m1 or /ore-h\ses1 conta9+ l>ge quantities ( hemp1 or su* l matt]1 !y seldom1 if ev]1 escape a conflagration2 :i* may1 p]haps1 be ow+ to su* combu/ibles be+ apt to k9dle ) a less degree ( heat ?an is necess>y to k9dle wood4 ,we _h f\r h\ses 9 ?is city1 & a vessel at "o ( ! :>fs1 /ruck & damag$ by lightn+ la/ summ]4 ,"o ( ! h\ses 0 /ruck twice 9 ! same /orm4 ,b ,i h ! pleasure to in=m y1 t y\r me?od ( prev5t+ su* t]rible disa/]s1 has1 by a fact :i* _h l to h escap$ our k1 giv5 a v conv9c+ pro( ( its great utility2 & is n[ 9 high] repute ) u ?an ev]4 ,he>+1 a few days ago1 t ,mr4 ,william ,we/1 m]*ant 9 ?is city1 suspect$ t ! lightn+ 9 "o ( ! ?und]-/orms la/ summ] _h pass$ ?r\gh ! iron conductor1 :i* he _h provid$ = ! security ( 8 h\se2 ,i wait$ on him1 to enquire :at gr\nd he might h = su* suspicion4 ,mr4 ,we/ in=m$ me1 t 8 family & neighb\rs 7 all /unn$ ) a v t]rible explosion1 & t ! fla% & crack 7 se5 & he>d at ! same in/ant4 ,:5ce he conclud$1 t ! lightn+ mu/ h be5 v ne>1 &1 z no h\se 9 ! neighb\rhood _h suff]$ by x1 t x mu/ h pass$ ?r\gh 8 conductor4 ,mr4 ,:ite1 8 cl]k1 told me t he 0 sitt+1 at ! "t1 by a w9d[1 ab\t two feet di/ant f ! conductor1 lean+ aga9/ ! brick wall ) :i* x 0 9 contact2 & t he felt a sm>t s5sation1 l an electric %ock1 9 t "p ( 8 body :i* t\*$ ! wall4 ,mr4 ,we/ fur!r in=m$ me1 t a p]son ( und\bt$ v]acity assur$ him1 t1 be+ 9 ! door ( an opposite h\se1 on ! o!r side ( ,wat]-/reet 7:i* y "k is b n>r[7 he saw ! lightn+ diffus$ ov] ! pavem5t1 :i* 0 !n v wet ) ra91 to ! di/ance ( two or ?ree y>ds f ! foot ( ! conductor2 & t ano!r p]son ( v good cr$it told him1 t he be+ a few doors (f on ! o!r side ( ! /reet1 saw ! lightn+ above1 d>t+ 9 su* direction t x appe>$ to him to be directly ov] t po9t$ rod4 ,^u receiv+ ?is in=mation1 & be+ desir\s ( fur!r satisfaction1 !re be+ no traces ( ! lightn+ to be discov]$ 9 ! conductor1 z f> z we c\ld exam9e x bel[1 ,i propos$ to ,mr4 ,we/ our go+ to ! top ( ! h\se1 to exam9e ! po9t$ rod1 assur+ him1 t if ! lightn+ _h pass$ ?r\gh x1 ! po9t mu/ h be5 melt$2 &1 to our great satisfaction1 we f\nd x s4 ,?is iron rod ext5d$ 9 height ab\t n9e feet & a half above a /ack ( *imneys to :i* x 0 fix$ 7?\gh ,i suppose ?ree or f\r feet w\ld h be5 suffici5t47 ,x 0 some:at m ?an half an in* diamet] 9 ! ?icke/ "p1 & tap]+ to ! upp] end4 ,! conductor1 f ! l[] end ( x to ! e>?1 consi/$ ( squ>e iron nail-rods1 n mu* above a qu>t] ( an in* ?ick1 connect$ toge!r by int]l9k+ jo9ts4 ,x ext5d$ d[n ! c$> ro( to ! eaves1 & f !nce d[n ! wall ( ! h\se1 f\r /ory & a half1 to ! pavem5t 9 ,wat]-/reet1 be+ fa/5$ to ! wall1 9 sev]al places1 by small iron hooks4 ,! l[] end 0 fix$ to a r+1 9 ! top ( an iron /ake t 0 drove ab\t f\r or five feet into ! gr\nd4 ,! above-m5tion$ iron rod _h a hole 9 ! top ( x1 ab\t two in*es deep1 :]e9 0 ins]t$ a brass wire1 ab\t two l9es ?ick1 &1 :5 fir/ put !re1 ab\t t5 in*es long1 t]m9at+ 9 a v acute po9t2 b n[ its :ole l5g? 0 no m ?an sev5 in*es & a half1 & ! top v blunt4 ,"s ( ! metal appe>s to be miss+1 ! sl5d]e/ "p ( ! wire be+1 z ,i suspect1 consum$ into smoke4 ,b "s ( x1 :]e ! wire 0 a little ?ick]1 be+ only melt$ by ! lightn+1 sunk d[n1 :ile 9 a fluid /ate1 & =m$ a r\gh irregul> cap1 l[] on "o side ?an ! o!r1 r\nd ! upp] end ( :at rema9$1 & became intimately unit$ !re)4 ,?is 0 all ! damage t ,mr4 ,we/ su/a9$ by a t]rible /roke ( lightn+2--a mo/ conv9c+ pro( ( ! great utility ( ?is me?od ( prev5t+ its dreadful effects4 ,surely x w n[ be ?\ght z exp$i5t to provide conductors = ! lightn+1 z = ! ra94 ,mr4 ,we/ 0 s good z to make me a pres5t ( ! melt$ wire1 :i* ,i keep z a great curiosity1 & long = ! pleasure ( %ew+ x to y4 ,9 ! mean "t1 ,i beg y\r acceptance ( ! be/ repres5tation ,i c give ( x1 :i* y w f9d by ! side ( ! !rmomet]1 drawn 9 its full dim5sions z x n[ appe>s4 ,! dott$ l9es above are int5d$ to %ew ! =m ( ! wire be=e ! lightn+ melt$ x4 ,& n[1 ,sir1 ,i mo/ he>tily congratulate y on ! pleasure y mu/ h 9 f9d+ y\r great & well-gr\nd$ expectations s f> fulfill$4 ,may ?is me?od ( security f ! de/ructive viol5ce ( "o ( ! mo/ awful p[]s ( nature1 meet ) su* fur!r success1 z to induce e good & grateful he>t to bless ,god = ! important discov]y6 ,may ! b5efit !re( be diffus$ ov] ! :ole globe6 ,may x ext5d to ! late/ po/]ity ( mank9d1 & make ! "n ( ,,frankl91 l t ( ,,newton1 immortal4 ,i am1 ,sir1 ) s9c]e respect1 ,y\r mo/ ob$i5t & mo/ humble s]vant1 ,,eb54 ,,k9n]sley4 ,,to ,,mr4 ,,k9n]sley4 ,answ] to "s ( ! =ego+ ,subjects4--,h[ long ! ,leyd5 ,bottle may be kept *>g$4--,heat$ ,glass r5d]$ p]meable by ! electric ,fluid4--,electrical ,attraction & ,repulsion4--,reply to o!r ,subjects 9 ! prec$+ ,pap]4--,num]\s ,ways ( k9dl+ ,fire4--,explosion ( ,wat]4--,knobs & ,po9ts4 ,london1 ,feb4 #bj1 #agfb4 ,,sir1 ,i receiv$ y\r +5i\s lett] ( ! #ab? ( ,m>* la/1 & ?ank y cordially = ! acc\nt y give me ( ! new exp]im5ts y h lately made 9 electricity4--,x is a subject t /ill af=ds me pleasure1 ?\gh ( late ,i h n mu* att5d$ to x4 ,y\r second exp]im5t1 9 :i* y attempt$1 )\t success1 to communicate positive electricity by vap\r asc5d+ f electris$ wat]1 rem9ds me ( "o ,i =m]ly made1 to try if negative electricity might be produc$ by evaporation only4 ,i plac$ a l>ge heat$ brass plate1 conta9+ f\r or five squ>e feet on an electric /&2 a rod ( metal1 ab\t f\r feet long1 ) a bullet at its end1 ext5d$ f ! plate horizontally4 ,a light lock ( cotton1 susp5d$ a f9e ?read f ! ciel+1 hung opposite to1 & )9 an in* ( ! bullet4 ,i !n spr9kl$ ! heat$ plate ) wat]1 :i* arose fa/ f x 9 vap\r4 ,if vap\r %\ld be dispos$ to c>ry (f ! electrical1 z x does ! common fire f bodies1 ,i expect$ ! plate w\ld1 by los+ "s ( its natural quantity1 become negatively electris$4 ,b ,i c\ld n p]ceive1 by any motion 9 ! cotton1 t x 0 at all affect$3 nor by any sep>ation ( small cork-balls susp5d$ f ! plate1 c\ld x be obs]v$ t ! plate 0 9 any mann] electrifi$4 ,mr4 ,canton "h has also f\nd1 t two tea-cups1 set on electric /&s1 & fill$1 "o ) boil+1 ! o!r ) cold wat]1 & equally electrifi$1 cont9u$ equally s1 not)/&+ ! pl5tiful evaporation f ! hot wat]4 ,y\r exp]im5t & 8 agree+1 %[ ano!r rem>kable diff]5ce betwe5 electric & common fire4 ,= ! latt] quits mo/ readily ! body t conta9s x1 :]e wat]1 or any o!r fluid1 is evaporat+ f ! surface ( t body1 & escapes ) ! vap\r4 ,h5ce ! me?od1 long 9 use 9 ! ea/1 ( cool+ liquors1 by wrapp+ ! bottles r\nd ) a wet clo?1 & expos+ !m to ! w9d4 ,dr4 ,cull51 ( ,ed9burgh1 has giv5 "s exp]im5ts ( cool+ by evaporation2 & ,i 0 pres5t at "o made by ,dr4 ,hadley1 !n pr(essor ( *emi/ry at ,cambridge1 :51 by repeat$ly wett+ ! ball ( a !rmomet] ) _s1 & quick5+ ! evaporation by ! bla/ ( a bell[s1 ! m]cury fell f #fe1 ! /ate ( w>m? 9 ! common air1 to #g1 :i* is #bb degrees bel[ freez+2 &1 accord+ly1 f "s wat] mix$ ) ! _s1 or f ! brea? ( ! assi/ants1 or bo?1 ice ga!r$ 9 small spicula r\nd ! ball1 to ! ?ickness ( ne> a qu>t] ( an in*4 ,to su* a degree did ! m]cury lose ! fire x be=e conta9$1 :i*1 z ,i imag9e1 took ! opportunity ( escap+1 9 company ) ! evaporat+ p>ticles ( ! _s1 by adh]+ to ^? p>ticles4 ,y\r exp]im5t ( ! ,flor5ce flask1 & boil+ wat]1 is v curi\s4 ,i h repeat$ x1 & f\nd x to succe$ z y describe x1 9 two flasks out ( ?ree4 ,! ?ird w\ld n *>ge :5 fill$ ) ei!r hot or cold wat]4 ,i repeat$ x1 because ,i rememb]$ ,i _h once attempt$ to make an electric bottle ( a ,flor5ce flask1 fill$ ) cold wat]1 b c\ld n *>ge x at all2 :i* ,i !n imput$ to "s imp]ceptible cracks 9 ! small1 extremely ?9 bubbles1 ( :i* t glass is full1 & ,i conclud$ none ( t k9d w\ld d4 ,b y h %[n me my mi/ake4--,mr4 ,wilson _h =m]ly acqua9t$ u1 t r$ hot glass w\ld conduct electricity2 b t s small a degree ( heat1 z t communicat$ by boil+ wat]1 w\ld s op5 ! pores ( extremely ?9 glass1 z to suff] ! electric fluid freely to pass1 0 n be=e kn[n4 ,"s exp]im5ts simil> to y\rs1 h1 h[ev]1 be5 made "h1 be=e ! receipt ( y\r lett]1 ( :i* ,i %all n[ give y an acc\nt4 ,i =m]ly _h an op9ion t a ,leyd5 bottle1 *>g$ & !n seal$ h]metically1 might reta9 its electricity = ev]2 b hav+ aft]w>ds "s suspicion t possibly t subtle fluid might1 by sl[ imp]ceptible degrees1 soak ?r\gh ! glass1 & 9 "t escape1 ,i reque/$ "s ( my fri5ds1 :o _h conv5i5ces = do+ x1 to make trial1 :e!r1 aft] "s mon?s1 ! *>ge ( a bottle s seal$ w\ld be s5sibly dim9i%$4 ,be+ at ,birm+ham1 9 ,septemb]1 #agfj1 ,mr4 ,bolton ( t place op5$ a bottle t _h be5 *>g$1 & its long tube neck h]metically seal$ 9 ! ,janu>y prec$+4 ,on break+ (f ! end ( ! neck1 & introduc+ a wire into x1 we f\nd x possess$ ( a consid]able quantity ( electricity1 :i* 0 dis*>g$ by a snap & sp>k4 ,?is bottle _h la9 ne> sev5 mon?s on a %elf1 9 a closet1 9 contact ) bodies t w\ld und\bt$ly h c>ri$ (f all its electricity1 if x c\ld h come readily ?r\gh ! glass4 ,yet z ! quantity manife/$ by ! dis*>ge 0 n app>5tly s great z might h be5 expect$ f a bottle ( t size well *>g$1 "s d\bt rema9$ :e!r "p _h escap$ :ile ! neck 0 seal+1 or _h s9ce1 by degrees1 soak$ ?r\gh ! glass4 ,b an exp]im5t ( ,mr4 ,canton's1 9 :i* su* a bottle 0 kept "u wat] a week1 )\t hav+ its electricity 9 ! lea/ impair$1 seems to %[1 t :5 ! glass is cold1 ?\gh extremely ?91 ! electric fluid is well reta9$ by x4 ,z t +5i\s & accurate exp]im5t] made a discov]y1 l y\rs1 ( ! effect ( heat 9 r5d]+ ?9 glass p]meable by t fluid1 x is b do+ him ju/ice to give y 8 acc\nt ( x1 9 8 own words1 extract$ f 8 lett] to me1 9 :i* he communicat$ x1 dat$ ,oct4 #ca1 #agfj1 viz4 ,hav+ procur$ "s ?9 glass balls1 ( ab\t an in* & a half 9 diamet]1 ) /ems1 or tubes1 ( eight or n9e in*es 9 l5g?1 ,i electrifi$ !m1 "s positively on ! inside1 & o!rs negatively1 aft] ! mann] ( *>g+ ! ,leyd5 bottle1 & seal$ !m h]metically4 ,soon aft] ,i appli$ ! nak$ balls to my electromet]1 & c\ld n discov] ! lea/ sign ( _! be+ electrical1 b hold+ !m1 be=e ! fire1 at ! di/ance ( six or eight in*es1 !y became /rongly electrical 9 a v %ort "t1 & m s :5 !y 7 cool+4 ,^! balls w1 e "t !y are heat$1 give ! electrical fluid to1 or take x f o!r bodies1 accord+ to ! plus or m9us /ate ( x )9 !m4 ,heat+ !m frequ5tly1 ,i f9d w s5sibly dim9i% _! p[]2 b keep+ "o ( !m "u wat] a week did n appe> 9 ! lea/ degree to impair x4 ,t :i* ,i kept "u wat]1 0 *>g$ on ! #bb;d ( ,septemb] la/1 0 sev]al times heat$ be=e x 0 kept 9 wat]1 & has be5 heat$ frequ5tly s9ce1 & yet x /ill reta9s its virtue to a v consid]able degree4 ,! break+ two ( my balls accid5tally gave me an opportunity ( measur+ _! ?ickness1 :i* ,i f\nd to be betwe5 sev5 & eight p>ts 9 a ?\s& ( an in*4 ,a d[n fea!r1 9 a ?9 glass ball1 h]metically seal$1 w n be affect$ by ! application ( an excit$ tube1 or ! wire ( a *>g$ phial1 unless ! ball be consid]ably heat$2 & if a glass pane be heat$ till x beg9s to gr[ s(t1 & 9 t /ate be held betwe5 ! wire ( a *>g$ phial1 & ! dis*>g+ wire1 ! c\rse ( ! electrical fluid w n be ?r\gh ! glass1 b on ! surface1 r\nd by ! edge ( x4 ,by ?is la/ exp]im5t ( ,mr4 ,canton's1 x appe>s1 t ?\gh by a mod]ate heat1 ?9 glass becomes1 9 "s degree1 a conductor ( electricity1 yet1 :5 ( ! ?ickness ( a common pane1 x is n1 ?\gh 9 a /ate ne> melt+1 s good a conductor z to pass ! %ock ( a dis*>g$ bottle4 ,!re are o!r conductors :i* suff] ! electric fluid to pass ?r\gh !m gradually1 & yet w n conduct a %ock4 ,= in/ance1 a quire ( pap] w conduct ?r\gh its :ole l5g?1 s z to electrify a p]son1 :o1 /&+ on wax1 pres5ts ! pap] to an electrifi$ prime conductor2 b x w n conduct a %ock ev5 ?r\gh its ?ickness only2 h5ce ! %ock ei!r fails1 or passes by r5d+ a hole 9 ! pap]4 ,?us a sieve w pass wat] gradually1 b a /ream f a fire eng9e w\ld ei!r be /opp$ by x1 or te> a hole ?r\gh x4 ,x %\ld seem1 t to make glass p]meable to ! electric fluid1 ! heat %\ld be proportion$ to ! ?ickness4 ,y f\nd ! heat ( boil+ wat]1 :i* is b #baj1 suffici5t to r5d] ! extreme ?9 glass 9 a ,flor5ce flask p]meable ev5 to a %ock4--,"l ,*>les ,cav5di%1 by a v +5i\s exp]im5t1 has f\nd ! heat ( #djj requisite to r5d] ?ick] glass p]meable to ! common curr5t4 ,a glass tube1 7,see ,plate ,,iii47 ( :i* ! "p ,c ,b 0 solid1 _h wire ?ru/ 9 ea* end1 rea*+ to ,b & ,c4 ,a small wire 0 ti$ on at ,d1 rea*+ to ! floor1 9 ord] to c>ry (f any electricity t might run along ^u ! tube4 ,! b5t "p 0 plac$ 9 an iron pot1 fill$ ) iron fil+s2 a !rmomet] 0 also put into ! fil+s2 a lamp 0 plac$ "u ! pot2 & ! :ole 0 support$ ^u glass4 ,! wire ,a be+ electrifi$ by a ma*9e1 be=e ! heat 0 appli$1 ! corks at ,e sep>at$1 at fir/ ^u ! pr9ciple ( ! ,leyd5 phial4 ,b aft] ! "p ,c ,b ( ! tube 0 heat$ to #fjj1 ! corks cont9u$ to sep>ate1 ?\gh y dis*>g$ ! electricity by t\*+ ! wire at ,e1 ! electrical ma*9e cont9u+ 9 motion4 ,^u lett+ ! :ole cool1 ! effect rema9$ till ! !rmomet] 0 sunk to #djj4 ,illu/ration3 7( ! exp]im5t above7 ,plate ,,iii4 ,vol4 ,i4 page #cdh4 ,x 7 to be wi%$1 t ?is noble philosoph] w\ld communicate m ( 8 exp]im5ts to ! _w1 z he makes _m1 & ) great accuracy4 ,y "k ,i h always look$ ^u & m5tion$ ! equal repulsion 9 cases ( positive & ( negative electricity1 z a ph5om5on difficult to be expla9$4 ,i h sometimes1 too1 be5 incl9$1 ) y1 to resolve all into attraction2 b besides t attraction seems 9 itself z un9telligible z repulsion1 !re are "s appe>ances ( repulsion t ,i _c s easily expla9 by attraction2 ?is = "o in/ance4 ,:5 ! pair ( cork balls are susp5d$ by flax5 ?reads1 f ! end ( ! prime conductor1 if y br+ a rubb$ glass tube ne> ! conductor1 b )\t t\*+ x1 y see ! balls sep>ate1 z be+ electrifi$ positively2 & yet y h communicat$ no electricity to ! conductor1 =1 if y _h1 x w\ld h rema9$ !re1 aft] )draw+ ! tube2 b ! clos+ ( ! balls imm$iately !reupon1 %[s t ! conductor has no m left 9 x ?an its natural quantity4 ,!n aga9 approa*+ ! conductor ) ! rubb$ tube1 if1 :ile ! balls are sep>at$1 y t\* ) a f+] t end ( ! conductor to :i* !y hang1 !y w come toge!r aga91 z be+1 ) t "p ( ! conductor1 br\ght to ! same /ate ) y\r f+]1 i4 e4 ! natural /ate4 ,b ! o!r end ( ! conductor1 ne> :i* ! tube is held1 is n 9 t /ate1 b 9 ! negative /ate1 z appe>s on remov+ ! tube2 = !n "p ( ! natural quantity left at ! end ne> ! balls1 leav+ t end to supply :at is want+ at ! o!r1 ! :ole conductor is f\nd to be equally 9 ! negative /ate4 ,does n ?is indicate t ! electricity ( ! rubb$ tube _h repell$ ! electric fluid1 :i* 0 diffus$ 9 ! conductor :ile 9 its natural /ate1 & =c$ x to quit ! end to :i* ! tube 0 br\ght ne>1 accumulat+ itself on ! end to :i* ! balls 7 susp5d$8 ,i own ,i f9d x difficult to acc\nt = its quitt+ t end1 on ! approa* ( ! rubb$ tube1 b on ! supposition ( repulsion2 =1 :ile ! conductor 0 9 ! same /ate ) ! air1 i4 e4 ! natural /ate1 x does n seem to me easy to suppose1 t an attraction %\ld sudd5ly take place betwe5 ! air & ! natural quantity ( ! electric fluid 9 ! conductor1 s z to draw x to1 & accumulate x on ! end opposite to t approa*$ by ! tube2 s9ce bodies1 possess+ only _! natural quantity ( t fluid1 are n usually se5 to attract ea* o!r1 or to affect mutually ! quantities ( electricity ea* conta9s4 ,!re are likewise appe>ances ( repulsion 9 o!r p>ts ( nature4 ,n to m5tion ! viol5t =ce ) :i* ! p>ticles ( wat]1 heat$ to a c]ta9 degree1 sep>ate f ea* o!r1 or ^? ( gunp[d]1 :5 t\*$ ) ! smalle/ sp>k ( fire1 !re is ! seem+ repulsion betwe5 ! same poles ( ! magnet1 a body conta9+ a subtle moveable fluid 9 _m respects analag\s to ! electric fluid4 ,if two magnets are s susp5d$ by /r+s1 z t _! poles ( ! same d5om9ation are opposite to ea* o!r1 !y w sep>ate1 & cont9ue s2 or if y lay a magnetic /eel b> on a smoo? table1 & approa* x ) ano!r p>allel to x1 ! poles ( bo? 9 ! same position1 ! fir/ w rec$e f ! second1 s z to avoid ! contact1 & may ?us be pu%$ 7or at lea/ appe> to be pu%$7 (f ! table4 ,c ?is be ascrib$ to ! attraction ( any surr\nd+ body or matt] draw+ !m asund]1 or draw+ ! "o away f ! o!r8 ,if n1 & repulsion exi/s 9 nature1 & 9 magnetism1 :y may x n exi/ 9 electricity8 ,we %\ld n1 inde$1 multiply causes 9 philosophy )\t necessity2 & ! great] simplicity ( y\r hypo!sis w\ld recomm5d x to me1 if ,i c\ld see t all appe>ances w\ld be solv$ by x4 ,b ,i f9d1 or ?9k ,i f9d1 ! two causes m conv5i5t ?an "o ( !m alone4 ,?us ,i might solve ! circul> motion ( y\r horizontal /ick1 support$ on a pivot1 ) two p9s at _! ends1 po9t+ contr>y ways1 & mov+ 9 ! same direction :5 electrifi$1 :e!r positively or negatively3 :5 positively1 ! air opposite to ! po9ts be+ electris$ positively1 repels ! po9ts2 :5 negatively1 ! air opposite ! po9ts be+ also1 by _! means1 electris$ negatively1 attraction takes place betwe5 ! electricity 9 ! air beh9d ! heads ( ! p9s1 & ! negative p9s1 & s !y are1 9 ?is case1 drawn 9 ! same direction t 9 ! o!r !y 7 driv54--,y see ,i am will+ to meet y half way1 a complaisance ,i h n met ) 9 our bro!r ,nollet1 or any o!r hypo!sis-mak]1 & !re=e may value myself a little ^u x1 especially z !y say ,i h "s ability 9 def5d+ ev5 ! wrong side ( a "q1 :5 ,i ?9k fit to take x 9 h&4 ,:at y give z an e/abli%$ law ( ! electric fluid1 ,t quantities ( diff]5t d5sities mutually attract ea* o!r1 9 ord] to re/ore ! equilibrium1 is1 ,i ?9k1 n well f\nd$1 or else n well express$4 ,two l>ge cork balls1 susp5d$ by silk /r+s1 & bo? well & equally electrifi$1 sep>ate to a great di/ance4 ,by br++ into contact ) "o ( !m ano!r ball ( ! same size1 susp5d$ likewise by silk1 y w take f x half its electricity4 ,x w !n1 inde$1 hang at a less di/ance f ! o!r1 b ! full & ! half quantities w n appe> to attract ea* o!r1 t is1 ! balls w n come toge!r4 ,inde$1 ,i d n "k any pro( we h1 t "o quantity ( electric fluid is attract$ by ano!r quantity ( t fluid1 :atev] diff]5ce !re may be 9 _! d5sities4 ,&1 suppos+ 9 nature1 a mutual attraction betwe5 two p>cels ( any k9d ( matt]1 x w\ld be /range if ?is attraction %\ld subsi/ /rongly :ile ^? p>cels 7 unequal1 & cease :5 m matt] ( ! same k9d 0 add$ to ! smalle/ p>cel1 s z to make x equal to ! bigge/4 ,by all ! laws ( attraction 9 matt]1 t we are acqua9t$ )1 ! attraction is /rong] 9 proportion to ! increase ( ! masses1 & nev] 9 proportion to ! diff]5ce ( ! masses4 ,i %\ld r ?9k ! law w\ld be1 ,t ! electric fluid is attract$ /rongly by all o!r matt] t we "k (1 :ile ! p>ts ( t fluid mutually repel ea* o!r4 ,h5ce its be+ equally diffus$ 7except 9 p>ticul> circum/ances7 ?r\gh\t all o!r matt]4 ,b ?is y jok+ly call electrical or?odoxy4 ,x is s ) "s at pres5t1 b n ) all2 &1 p]haps1 x may n always be or?odoxy ) any body4 ,op9ions are cont9ually v>y+1 :]e we _c h ma!matical evid5ce ( ! nature ( ?+s2 & !y mu/ v>y4 ,nor is t v>iation )\t its use1 s9ce x occasions a m ?or\gh discussion1 :]eby error is (t5 dissipat$1 true k is encreas$1 & its pr9ciples become bett] und]/ood & m firmly e/abli%$4 ,air %\ld h1 z y obs]ve1 its %>e ( ! common /ock ( electricity1 z well z glass1 &1 p]haps1 all o!r electrics p] se4 ,b ,i suppose1 t1 l !m1 x does n easily "p ) :at x has1 or receive m1 unless :5 mix$ ) "s non-electric1 z moi/ure = in/ance1 ( :i* !re is "s 9 our drie/ air4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is only a supposition2 & y\r exp]im5t ( re/or+ electricity to a negatively electris$ p]son1 by ext5d+ 8 arm upw>ds into ! air1 ) a ne$le betwe5 8 f+]s1 on ! po9t ( :i* light may be se5 9 ! night1 is1 inde$1 a curi\s "o4 ,9 ?is t[n ! air is g5]ally moi/] ?an ) u1 & "h ,i h se5 ,mr4 ,canton electrify ! air 9 "o room positively1 & 9 ano!r1 :i* communicat$ by a door1 he has electris$ ! air negatively4 ,! diff]5ce 0 easily discov]$ by 8 cork balls1 z he pass$ out ( "o room into ano!r4--,p]e ,becc>ia1 too1 has a pretty exp]im5t1 :i* %[s t air may be electris$4 ,susp5d+ a pair ( small light balls1 by flax5 ?reads1 to ! end ( 8 prime conductor1 he turns 8 globe "s "t1 electris+ positively1 ! balls div]g+ & cont9u+ sep>ate all ! "t4 ,!n he pres5ts ! po9t ( a ne$le to 8 conductor1 :i* gradually draw+ (f ! electric fluid1 ! balls approa* ea* o!r1 & t\*1 be=e all is drawn f ! conductor2 op5+ aga9 z m is drawn (f1 & sep>at+ ne>ly z wide z at fir/1 :5 ! conductor is r$uc$ to ! natural /ate4 ,by ?is x appe>s1 t :5 ! balls came toge!r1 ! air surr\nd+ ! balls 0 j z mu* electris$ z ! conductor at t "t2 & m ?an ! conductor1 :5 t 0 r$uc$ to its natural /ate4 ,= ! balls1 ?\gh 9 ! natural /ate1 w div]ge1 :5 ! air t surr\nds !m is electris$ plus or m9us1 z well z :5 t is 9 its natural /ate & !y are electris$ plus or m9us !mselves4 ,i =esee t y w apply ?is exp]im5t to ! support ( y\r hypo!sis1 & ,i ?9k y may make a good deal ( x4 ,x 0 a curi\s enquiry ( y\rs1 ,:e!r ! electricity ( ! air1 9 cle> dry wea!r1 be ( ! same d5sity at ! height ( two or ?ree hundr$ y>ds1 z ne> ! surface ( ! e>?2 & ,i am glad y made ! exp]im5t4 ,^u reflection1 x %\ld seem probable1 t :e!r ! g5]al /ate ( ! atmosph]e at any "t be positive or negative1 t "p ( x :i* is next ! e>? w be ne>] ! natural /ate1 by hav+ giv5 to ! e>? 9 "o case1 or hav+ receiv$ f x 9 ! o!r4 ,9 electris+ ! air ( a room1 t :i* is ne>e/ ! walls1 or floor1 is lea/ alt]$4 ,!re is only "o small ambiguity 9 ! exp]im5t1 :i* may be cle>$ by m trials2 x arises f ! supposition t bodies may be electris$ positively by ! friction ( air bl[+ /rongly on !m1 z x does on ! kite & its /r+4 ,if at "s times ! electricity appe>s to be negative1 z t friction is ! same1 ! effect mu/ be f a negative /ate ( ! upp] air4 ,i am mu* pleas$ ) y\r electrical !rmomet]1 & ! exp]im5ts y h made ) x4 ,i =m]ly satisfi$ myself by an exp]im5t ) my phial & syphon1 t ! ela/icity ( ! air 0 n increas$ by ! m]e exi/5ce ( an electric atmosph]e )9 ! phial2 b ,i did n "k1 till y n[ in=m me1 t heat may be giv5 to x by an electric explosion4 ,! cont9uance ( its r>efaction1 = "s "t aft] ! dis*>ge ( y\r glass j> & ( y\r case ( bottles1 seem to make ?is cle>4 ,! o!r exp]im5ts on wet pap]1 wet ?read1 gre5 grass1 & gre5 wood1 are n s satisfactory2 z possibly ! r$uc+ "p ( ! moi/ure to vap\r1 by ! electric fluid pass+ ?r\gh x1 might occasion "s expansion :i* w\ld be gradually r$uc$ by ! cond5sation ( su* vap\r4 ,! f9e silv] ?read1 ! v small brass wire1 & ! /rip ( gilt pap]1 are also subject to a simil> objection1 z ev5 metals1 9 su* circum/ances1 are (t5 p>tly r$uc$ to smoke1 p>ticul>ly ! gild+ on pap]4 ,b y\r subsequ5t beautiful exp]im5t on ! wire1 :i* y made hot by ! electric explosion1 & 9 t /ate fir$ gunp[d] ) x1 puts x out ( all "q1 t heat is produc$ by our artificial electricity1 & t ! melt+ ( metals 9 t way1 is n by :at ,i =m]ly call$ a cold fusion4 ,a late in/ance "h1 ( ! melt+ a bell-wire1 9 a h\se /ruck by lightn+1 & p>ts ( ! wire burn+ holes 9 ! floor on :i* !y fell1 has prov$ ! same ) reg>d to ! electricity ( nature4 ,i 0 too easily l$ into t error by acc\nts giv51 ev5 9 philosophical books1 & f remote ages d[nw>ds1 ( melt+ money 9 purses1 swords 9 scabb>ds1 c4 )\t burn+ ! inflammable matt]s t 7 s ne> ^? melt$ metals4 ,b m5 are1 9 g5]al1 su* c>eless obs]v]s1 t a philosoph] _c be too mu* on 8 gu>d 9 cr$it+ _! relations ( ?+s extraord9>y1 & %\ld nev] build an hypo!sis on any ?+ b cle> facts & exp]im5ts1 or x w be 9 dang] ( soon fall+1 z ?is does1 l a h\se ( c>ds4 ,h[ _m ways !re are ( k9dl+ fire1 or produc+ heat 9 bodies6 ,by ! sun's rays1 by collision1 by friction1 by hamm]+1 by putrefaction1 by f]m5tation1 by mixtures ( fluids1 by mixtures ( solids ) fluids1 & by electricity4 ,& yet ! fire :5 produc$1 ?\gh 9 diff]5t bodies x may diff] 9 circum/ances1 z 9 col\r1 vehem5ce1 c4 yet 9 ! same bodies is g5]ally ! same4 ,does n ?is seem to indicate t ! fire exi/$ 9 ! body1 ?\gh 9 a quiesc5t /ate1 be=e x 0 by any ( ^! means excit$1 dis5gag$1 & br\ght =? to action & to view8 ,may x n con/itute a "p1 & ev5 a pr9cipal "p1 ( ! solid sub/ance ( bodies8 ,if ?is %\ld be ! case1 k9dl+ fire 9 a body w\ld be no?+ m ?an develop+ ?is inflammable pr9ciple1 & sett+ x at lib]ty to act 9 sep>at+ ! p>ts ( t body1 :i* !n exhibits ! appe>ances ( scor*+1 melt+1 burn+1 c4 ,:5 a man lights an hundr$ c&les f ! flame ( "o1 )\t dim9i%+ t flame1 c x be prop]ly said to h communicat$ all t fire8 ,:5 a s+le sp>k f a fl9t1 appli$ to a magaz9e ( gunp[d]1 is imm$iately att5d$ ) ?is consequ5ce1 t ! :ole is 9 flame1 explod+ ) imm5se viol5ce1 c\ld all ?is fire exi/ fir/ 9 ! sp>k8 ,we _c conceive x4 ,& ?us we seem l$ to ?is supposition1 t !re is fire en\gh 9 all bodies to s+e1 melt1 or burn !m1 :5ev] x is1 by any means1 set at lib]ty1 s t x may ex]t itself ^u !m1 or be dis5gag$ f !m4 ,?is lib]ty seems to be af=d$ x by ! passage ( electricity ?r\gh !m1 :i* we "k c & does1 ( itself1 sep>ate ! p>ts ev5 ( wat]2 & p]haps ! imm$iate appe>ances ( fire are only ! effects ( su* sep>ations8 ,if s1 !re w\ld be no ne$ ( suppos+ t ! electric fluid heats itself by ! swiftness ( its motion1 or heats bodies by ! resi/ance x meets ) 9 pass+ ?r\gh !m4 ,!y w\ld only be heat$ 9 proportion z su* sep>ation c\ld be m easily made4 ,?us a melt+ heat _c be giv5 to a l>ge wire 9 ! flame ( a c&le1 ?\gh x may to a small "o2 & ?is n because ! l>ge wire resi/s less t action ( ! flame :i* t5ds to sep>ate its p>ts1 b because x resi/s x m ?an ! small] wire2 or because ! =ce be+ divid$ among m p>ts acts weak] on ea*4 ,?is rem9ds me1 h[ev]1 ( a little exp]im5t ,i h frequ5tly made1 t %[s1 at "o op]ation1 ! diff]5t effects ( ! same quantity ( electric fluid pass+ ?r\gh diff]5t quantities ( metal4 ,a /rip ( t9foil1 ?ree in*es long1 a qu>t] ( an in* wide at "o end1 & tap]+ all ! way to a %>p po9t at ! o!r1 fix$ betwe5 two pieces ( glass1 & hav+ ! electricity ( a l>ge glass j> s5t ?r\gh x1 w n be discompos$ 9 ! broade/ "p2 t[>ds ! middle w appe> melt$ 9 spots2 :]e n>r[]1 x w be q melt$2 & ab\t half an in* ( x next ! po9t w be r$uc$ to smoke4 ,y 7 n mi/ak5 9 suppos+ t y\r acc\nt ( ! effect ( ! po9t$ rod1 9 secur+ ,mr4 ,we/'s h\se f damage by a /roke ( lightn+1 w\ld give me great pleasure4 ,i ?ank y = x mo/ he>tily1 & = ! pa9s y h tak5 9 giv+ me s complete a description ( its situation1 =m1 & sub/ance1 ) ! draft ( ! melt$ po9t4 ,!re is "o circum/ance1 viz4 t ! lightn+ 0 se5 to diffuse itself f ! foot ( ! rod ov] ! wet pavem5t1 :i* seems1 ,i ?9k1 to indicate1 t ! e>? "u ! pavem5t 0 v dry1 & t ! rod %\ld h be5 sunk deep]1 till x came to e>? moi/]1 & !re=e apt] to receive & dissipate ! electric fluid4 ,& al?\gh1 9 ?is in/ance1 a conductor =m$ ( nail rods1 n mu* above a qu>t] ( an in* ?ick1 s]v$ well to convey ! lightn+1 yet "s acc\nts ,i h se5 f ,c>ol9a1 give reason to ?9k1 t l>g] may be sometimes necess>y1 at lea/ = ! security ( ! conductor itself1 :i*1 :5 too small1 may be de/roy$ 9 execut+ its (fice1 ?\gh x does1 at ! same "t1 pres]ve ! h\se4 ,inde$1 9 ! con/ruction ( an in/rum5t s new1 & ( :i* we c\ld h s little exp]i5ce1 x is r lucky t we %\ld at fir/ be s ne> ! tru? z we seem to be1 & commit s few errors4 ,!re is ano!r reason = s9k+ deep] ! l[] end ( ! rod1 & also = turn+ x outw>ds "u gr\nd to "s di/ance f ! f\ndation2 x is ?is1 t wat] dripp+ f ! eaves falls ne> ! f\ndation1 & sometimes soaks d[n !re 9 great] quantities1 s z to come ne> ! end ( ! rod1 ?\gh ! gr\nd ab\t x be dri]4 ,9 su* case1 ?is wat] may be explod$1 t is1 bl[n into vap\r1 :]eby a =ce is g5]at$1 t may damage ! f\ndation4 ,wat] r$uc$ to vap\r1 is said to occupy #ad1jjj times its =m] space4 ,i h s5t a *>ge ?r\gh a small glass tube1 t has borne x well :ile empty1 b :5 fill$ fir/ ) wat]1 0 %att]$ to pieces & driv5 all ab\t ! room3--,f9d+ no "p ( ! wat] on ! table1 ,i suspect$ x to h be5 r$uc$ to vap\r2 & 0 confirm$ 9 t suspicion aft]w>ds1 :5 ,i _h fill$ a l piece ( tube ) ink1 & laid x on a %eet ( clean pap]1 :]eon1 aft] ! explosion1 ,i c\ld f9d nei!r any moi/ure nor any sully f ! ink4 ,?is exp]im5t ( ! explosion ( wat]1 :i* ,i believe 0 fir/ made by t mo/ +5i\s electrician1 fa!r ,becc>ia1 may acc\nt = :at we sometimes see 9 a tree /ruck by lightn+1 :5 "p ( x is r$uc$ to f9e spl9t]s l a broom2 ! sap vessels be+ s _m tubes conta9+ a watry fluid1 :i*1 :5 r$uc$ to vap\r1 r5ds e tube l5g?ways4 ,& p]haps x is ?is r>efaction ( ! fluids 9 animal bodies kill$ by lightn+ or electricity1 t1 by sep>at+ its fibres1 r5d]s ! fle% s t5d]1 & apt s mu* soon] to putrify4 ,i ?9k too1 t mu* ( ! damage done by lightn+ to /one & brick-walls may sometimes be ow+ to ! explosion ( wat]1 f\nd1 dur+ %[]s1 runn+ or lodg+ 9 ! jo9ts or small cavities or cracks t happ5 to be 9 ! walls4 ,"h are "s electricians t recomm5d knobs in/ead ( po9ts on ! upp] end ( ! rods1 f a supposition t ! po9ts invite ! /roke4 ,x is true t po9ts draw electricity at great] di/ances 9 ! gradual sil5t way2 b knobs w draw at ! greate/ di/ance a /roke4 ,!re is an exp]im5t t w settle ?is4 ,take a crook$ wire ( ! ?ickness ( a quill1 & ( su* a l5g? z t "o end ( x be+ appli$ to ! l[] "p ( a *>g$ bottle1 ! upp] may be br\ght ne> ! ball on ! top ( ! wire t is 9 ! bottle4 ,let "o end ( ?is wire be furni%$ ) a knob1 & ! o!r may be gradually tap]$ to a f9e po9t4 ,:5 ! po9t is pres5t$ to dis*>ge ! bottle1 x mu/ be br\ght mu* ne>] be=e x w receive ! /roke1 ?an ! knob requires to be4 ,po9ts besides t5d to repel ! fragm5ts ( an electris$ cl\d1 knobs draw !m ne>]4 ,an exp]im5t1 :i* ,i believe ,i h %ewn y1 ( cotton fleece hang+ f an electris$ body1 %[s ?is cle>ly :5 a po9t or a knob is pres5t$ "u x4 ,y seem to ?9k highly ( ! importance ( ?is discov]y1 z d _m o!rs on our side ( ! wat]4 ,"h x is v little reg>d$2 s little1 t ?\gh x is n[ sev5 or eight ye>s s9ce x 0 made public1 ,i h n he>d ( a s+le h\se z yet attempt$ to be secur$ by x4 ,x is true ! mis*iefs done by lightn+ are n s frequ5t "h z ) u1 & ^? :o calculate *ances may p]haps f9d t n "o dea? 7or ! de/ruction ( "o h\se7 9 a hundr$ ?\s& happ5s f t cause1 & t !re=e x is sc>ce wor? :ile to be at any exp5ce to gu>d aga9/ x4--,b 9 all c\ntries !re are p>ticul> situations ( build+s m expos$ ?an o!rs to su* accid5ts1 & !re are m9ds s /rongly impress$ ) ! appreh5sion ( !m1 z to be v unhappy e "t a little ?und] is )9 _! he>+2--x may !re=e be well to r5d] ?is little piece ( new k z g5]al & z well und]/ood z possible1 s9ce to make u safe is n all its advantage1 x is "s to make u easy4 ,& z ! /roke x secures u f might h *anc$ p]haps b once 9 our lives1 :ile x may relieve u a hundr$ times f ^? pa9ful appreh5sions1 ! latt] may possibly on ! :ole contribute m to ! happ9ess ( mank9d ?an ! =m]4 ,y\r k9d wi%es & congratulations are v oblig+4 ,i return !m cordially2--be+1 ) great reg>d & e/eem1 ,my de> ,sir1 ,y\r affectionate fri5d1 ,& mo/ ob$i5t humble s]vant1 ,b4 ,,frankl94 ,acc\nts f ,c>ol9a 7m5tion$ 9 ! =ego+ ,lett]7 ( ! ,effects ( ,lightn+ on two ( ! ,rods commonly affix$ to ,h\ses !re1 = secur+ !m aga9/ ,lightn+4 ,*>le/[n1 ,nov4 #a1 #agfj4 ----,x is "s ye>s s9ce ,mr4 ,rav5's rod 0 /ruck by lightn+4 ,i he> an acc\nt ( x 0 publi%$ at ! "t1 b ,i _c f9d x4 ,accord+ to ! be/ in=mation ,i c n[ get1 he _h fix$ to ! outside ( 8 *imney a l>ge iron rod1 sev]al feet 9 l5g?1 rea*+ above ! *imney2 & to ! top ( ?is rod ! po9ts 7 fix$4 ,f ! l[] end ( ?is rod1 a small brass wire 0 cont9u$ d[n to ! top ( ano!r iron rod driv5 into ! e>?4 ,on ! gr\nd-floor 9 ! *imney /ood a gun1 lean+ aga9/ ! back-wall1 ne>ly opposite to :]e ! brass wire came d[n on ! outside4 ,! lightn+ fell ^u ! po9ts1 did no damage to ! rod !y 7 fix$ to2 b ! brass wire1 all d[n till x came opposite to ! top ( ! gun-b>rel1 0 de/roy$#gf4 ,!re ! lightn+ made a hole ?r\gh ! wall or back ( ! *imney1 to get to ! gun-b>rel#gg1 d[n :i* x seems to h pass$1 z1 al?\gh x did n hurt ! b>rel1 x damag$ ! butt ( ! /ock1 & blew up "s bricks ( ! he>?4 ,! brass wire bel[ ! hole 9 ! wall rema9$ good4 ,no o!r damage1 z ,i c le>n1 0 done to ! h\se4 ,i am told ! same h\se _h =m]ly be5 /ruck by lightn+1 & mu* damag$1 be=e ^! rods 7 inv5t$4---- ,,footnotes3 #gf ,a pro( t x 0 n ( suffici5t sub/ance to conduct ) safety to itself 7?\gh ) safety s f> to ! wall7 s l>ge a quantity ( ! electric fluid4 #gg ,a m sub/antial conductor4 ,mr4 ,william ,ma9e's ,acc\nt ( ! ,effects ( ! ,lightn+ on 8 ,rod1 dat$ at ,indian ,l&1 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,aug4 #bh1 #agfj4 ----,i _h a set ( electrical po9ts1 consi/+ ( ?ree prongs1 ( l>ge brass wire tipt ) silv]1 & p]fectly %>p1 ea* ab\t sev5 in*es long2 ^! 7 rivett$ at equal di/ances into an iron nut ab\t ?ree qu>t]s ( an in* squ>e1 & op5$ at top equally to ! di/ance ( six or sev5 in*es f po9t to po9t1 9 a regul> triangle4 ,?is nut 0 screw$ v tight on ! top ( an iron rod ( above half an in* diamet]1 or ! ?ickness ( a common curta9-rod1 compos$ ( sev]al jo9ts1 annex$ by hooks turn$ at ! ends ( ea* jo9t1 & ! :ole fix$ to ! *imney ( my h\se by iron /aples4 ,! po9ts 7 elevat$ 7a7 six or sev5 in*es above ! top ( ! *imney2 & ! l[] jo9t sunk ?ree feet 9 ! e>?1 9 a p]p5dicul> direction4 ,?us /ood ! po9ts on ,tuesday la/ ab\t five 9 ! ev5+1 :5 ! lightn+ broke ) a viol5t explosion on ! *imney1 cut ! rod squ>e (f j "u ! nut1 & ,i am p]suad$1 melt$ ! po9ts1 nut1 & top ( ! rod1 entirely up2 z aft] ! mo/ dilig5t se>*1 no?+ ( ei!r 0 f\nd 7b71 & ! top ( ! rema9+ rod 0 cas$ ov] ) a congeal$ sold]4 ,! lightn+ ran d[n ! rod1 />t+ almo/ all ! /aples 7c71 & unhook+ ! jo9ts )\t affect+ ! rod 7d71 except on ! inside ( ea* hook :]e ! jo9ts 7 c\pl$1 ! surface ( :i* 0 melt$ 7e71 & left z cas$ ov] ) sold]4--,no "p ( ! *imney 0 damag$ 7f71 only at ! f\ndation 7g71 :]e x 0 %att]$ almo/ q r\nd1 & sev]al bricks 7 torn out 7h74 ,consid]able cavities 7 made 9 ! e>? q r\nd ! f\ndation1 b mo/ )9 eight or n9e in*es ( ! rod4 ,x also %att]$ ! bottom wea!r-bo>d 7i7 at "o corn] ( ! h\se1 & made a l>ge hole 9 ! e>? by ! corn] po/4 ,on ! o!r side ( ! *imney1 x pl\gh$ up sev]al furr[s 9 ! e>?1 "s y>ds 9 l5g?4 ,x ran d[n ! inside ( ! *imney 7k71 c>ry+ only soot ) x2 & fill$ ! :ole h\se ) its fla% 7l71 smoke1 & du/4 ,x tore up ! he>? 9 sev]al places 7m71 & broke "s pieces ( *9a 9 ! beaufet 7n74 ,a copp] tea-kettle /&+ 9 ! *imney 0 beat toge!r1 z if "s great weight _h fall5 ^u x 7o72 & ?ree holes1 ea* ab\t half an in* diamet]1 melt$ ?r\gh ! bottom 7p74 ,:at seems to me ! mo/ surpris+ is1 t ! he>? "u ! kettle 0 n hurt1 yet ! bottom ( ! kettle 0 drove inw>d1 z if ! lightn+ proce$$ f "u x upw>ds 7q71 & ! cov] 0 ?r[n to ! middle ( ! floor 7r74 ,! fire dogs1 an iron logg]-head1 an ,indian pot1 an e>!n cup1 & a cat1 7 all 9 ! *imney at ! "t unhurt1 ?\gh a great "p ( ! he>? 0 torn up 7s74 ,my wife's si/]1 two *ildr51 & a negro w5*1 7 all :o happ5$ to be 9 ! h\se at ! "t3 ! fir/1 & "o *ild1 sat )9 five feet ( ! *imney2 & 7 s /unn$1 t !y nev] saw ! lightn+ nor he>d ! explosion2 ! w5*1 ) ! o!r *ild 9 h] arms1 sitt+ at a great] di/ance1 0 s5sible ( bo?2 ?\gh e "o 0 s /unn$ t !y did n recov] = "s "t2 h[ev] x pleas$ ,god t no f>!r mis*ief ensu$4 ,! kit*51 at #ij feet di/ance1 0 full ( negroes1 :o 7 all s5sible ( ! %ock2 & "s ( !m tell me1 t !y felt ! rod ab\t a m9ute aft]1 :5 x 0 s hot t !y c\ld n be> x 9 h&4 ,,rem>ks ,,by ,,b5jam9 ,,frankl94 ,! =ego+ v s5sible & di/9ct acc\nt may af=d a good deal ( in/ruction relat+ to ! nature & effects ( lightn+1 & to ! con/ruction & use ( ?is in/rum5t = av]t+ ! mis*iefs ( x4 ,l o!r new in/rum5ts1 ?is appe>s to h be5 at fir/ 9 "s respects imp]fect2 & we f9d t we are1 9 ?is z 9 o!rs1 to expect improvem5t f exp]i5ce *iefly3 b !re seems to be no?+ 9 ! acc\nt1 t %\ld disc\rage u 9 ! use ( x2 s9ce at ! same "t t its imp]fections are discov]$1 ! means ( remov+ !m are pretty easily to be le>nt f ! circum/ances ( ! acc\nt itself2 & its utility ^u ! :ole is manife/4 ,"o int5tion ( ! po9t$ rod1 is1 to prev5t a /roke ( lightn+4 7,see pages #bhc1 #caj47 ,b to h a bett] *ance ( obta9+ ?is end1 ! po9ts %\ld n be too ne> to ! top ( ! *imney or highe/ "p ( ! build+ to :i* !y are affix$1 b %\ld be ext5d$ five or six feet above x2 o!rwise _! op]ation 9 sil5tly draw+ (f ! fire 7f su* fragm5ts ( cl\d z float 9 ! air betwe5 ! great body ( cl\d & ! e>?7 w be prev5t$4 ,= ! exp]im5t ) ! lock ( cotton hang+ bel[ ! electrifi$ prime conductor %[s1 t a f+] "u x1 be+ a blunt body1 ext5ds ! cotton1 draw+ its l[] "p d[nw>ds2 :5 a ne$le1 ) its po9t pres5t$ to ! cotton1 makes x fly up aga9 to ! prime conductor2 & t ?is effect is /ronge/ :5 z mu* ( ! ne$le z possible appe>s above ! end ( ! f+]2 gr[s weak] z ! ne$le is %ort5$ betwe5 ! f+] & ?umb2 & is r$uc$ to no?+ :5 only a %ort "p bel[ ! po9t appe>s above ! f+]4 ,n[ x seems ! po9ts ( ,mr4 ,ma9e's rod 7 elevat$ only 7a7 six or sev5 in*es above ! top ( ! *imney2 :i*1 consid]+ ! bulk ( ! *imney & ! h\se1 0 too small an elevation4 ,= ! great body ( matt] ne> !m w\ld h9d] _! be+ easily br\ght into a negative /ate by ! repulsive p[] ( ! electris$ cl\d1 9 :i* negative /ate x is t !y attract mo/ /rongly & copi\sly ! electric fluid f o!r bodies1 & convey x into ! e>?4 7b7 ,no?+ ( ! po9ts1 c4 c\ld be f\nd4 ,?is is a common effect4 7,see page #cab47 ,:]e ! quantity ( ! electric fluid pass+ is too great = ! conductor ?r\gh :i* x passes1 ! metal is ei!r melt$1 or r$uc$ to smoke & dissipat$2 b :]e ! conductor is suffici5tly l>ge1 ! fluid passes 9 x )\t hurt+ x4 ,?us ^! ?ree wires 7 de/roy$1 :ile ! rod to :i* !y 7 fix$1 be+ ( great] sub/ance1 rema9$ unhurt2 its end only1 to :i* !y 7 jo9$1 be+ a little melt$1 "s ( ! melt$ "p ( ! l[] ends ( ^? wires unit+ ) x1 & appe>+ on x l sold]4 7c77d77e7 ,z ! sev]al p>ts ( ! rod 7 connect$ only by ! ends be+ b5t r\nd into hooks1 ! contact betwe5 hook & hook 0 mu* small] ?an ! rod2 !re=e ! curr5t ?r\gh ! metal be+ conf9$ 9 ^? n>r[ passages1 melt$ "p ( ! metal1 z appe>$ on exam9+ ! inside ( ea* hook4 ,:]e metal is melt$ by lightn+1 "s "p ( x is g5]ally explod$2 & ^! explosions 9 ! jo9ts appe> to h be5 ! cause ( unhook+ !m2 &1 by t viol5t action1 ( />t+ also mo/ ( ! /aples4 ,we le>n f h5ce1 t a rod 9 "o cont9u$ piece is pref]able to "o compos$ ( l9ks or p>ts hook$ toge!r4 7f7 ,no "p ( ! *imney 0 damag$3 because ! lightn+ pass$ 9 ! rod4 ,& ?is in/ance agrees ) o!rs 9 %[+1 t ! second & pr9cipal int5tion ( ! rods is obta9able1 viz4 t ( conduct+ ! lightn+4 ,9 all ! in/ances yet kn[n ( ! lightn+'s fall+ on any h\se gu>d$ by rods1 x has pit*$ d[n ^u ! po9t ( ! rod1 & has n fall5 ^u any o!r "p ( ! h\se4 ,_h ! lightn+ fall5 on ?is *imney1 unfurni%$ ) a rod1 x w\ld probably h r5t x f top to bottom1 z we see1 by ! effects ( ! lightn+ on ! po9ts & rod1 t its quantity 0 v great2 & we "k t _m *imneys h be5 s demoli%$4 ,b no "p ( ?is 0 damag$1 only 7f77g77h7 at ! f\ndation1 :]e x 0 %att]$ & sev]al bricks torn out4 ,"h we le>n ! pr9cipal defect 9 fix+ ?is rod4 ,! l[] jo9t be+ sunk b ?ree feet into ! e>?1 did n x seems g l[ en\gh to come at wat]1 or a l>ge body ( e>? s moi/ z to receive readily f its end ! quantity x conduct$4 ,! electric fluid !re=e1 ?us accumulat$ ne> ! l[] end ( ! rod1 quitt$ x at ! surface ( ! e>?1 divid+ 9 se>* ( o!r passages4 ,"p ( x tore up ! surface 9 furr[s1 & made holes 9 x3 "p ent]$ ! bricks ( ! f\ndation1 :i* be+ ne> ! e>? are g5]ally moi/1 &1 9 explod+ t moi/ure1 %att]$ !m4 7,see page #ceh47 ,"p w5t ?r\gh or "u ! f\ndation1 & got "u ! he>?1 bl[+ up great "p ( ! bricks 7m77s71 & produc+ ! o!r effects 7o77p77q77r74 ,! iron dogs1 logg]head & iron pot 7 n hurt1 be+ ( suffici5t sub/ance1 & !y probably protect$ ! cat4 ,! copp] tea-kettle be+ ?9 suff]$ "s damage4 ,p]haps1 ?\gh f\nd on a s\nd "p ( ! he>?1 x might at ! "t ( ! /roke h /ood on ! "p bl[n up1 :i* w acc\nt bo? = ! bruis+ & melt+4 ,t x ran d[n ! inside ( ! *imney 7k7 ,i appreh5d mu/ be a mi/ake4 ,_h x done s1 ,i imag9e x w\ld h br\ght some?+ m ?an soot ) x2 x w\ld probably h ripp$ (f ! p>gett+1 & br\ght d[n fragm5ts ( pla/] & bricks4 ,! %ake1 f ! explosion on ! rod1 0 suffici5t to %ake d[n a good deal ( loose soot4 ,lightn+ does n usually ent] h\ses by ! doors1 w9d[s1 or *imneys1 z op5 passages1 9 ! mann] t air ent]s !m3 its nature is1 to be attract$ by sub/ances1 t are conductors ( electricity2 x p5etrates & passes 9 !m1 &1 if !y are n good conductors z are nei!r wood1 brick1 /one nor pla/]1 x is apt to r5d !m 9 its passage4 ,x w\ld n easily pass ?r\gh ! air f a cl\d to a build+1 7 x n = ! aid af=d$ x 9 its passage by int]v5+ fragm5ts ( cl\ds bel[ ! ma9 body1 or by ! fall+ ra94 ,x is said t ! h\se 0 fill$ ) its fla% 7l74 ,expressions l ?is are common 9 acc\nts ( ! effects ( lightn+1 f :i* we are apt to und]/& t ! lightn+ fill$ ! h\se4 ,our language inde$ seems to want a ^w to express ! light ( lightn+ z di/9ct f ! lightn+ itself4 ,:5 a tree on a hill is /ruck by x1 ! lightn+ ( t /roke exi/s only 9 a n>r[ ve9 betwe5 ! cl\d & tree1 b its light fills a va/ space _m miles r\nd2 & p at ! greate/ di/ance f x are apt to say1 ,! lightn+ came into our rooms ?r\gh our w9d[s4 ,z x is 9 itself extremely bright1 x _c1 :5 s ne> z to /rike a h\se1 fail illum9at+ highly e room 9 x ?r\gh ! w9d[s2 & ?is ,i suppose to h be5 ! case at ,mr4 ,ma9e's2 & t1 except 9 & ne> ! he>?1 f ! causes above-m5tion$1 x 0 n 9 any o!r "p ( ! h\se2 ! fla% mean+ no m ?an ! light ( ! lightn+4--,x is = want ( consid]+ ?is diff]5ce1 t p suppose !re is a k9d ( lightn+ n att5d$ ) ?und]4 ,9 fact !re is probably a l\d explosion accompany+ e fla% ( lightn+1 & at ! same in/ant2--b z s\nd travels sl[] ?an light1 we (t5 he> ! s\nd "s seconds ( "t aft] hav+ se5 ! light2 & z s\nd does n travel s f> z light1 we sometimes see ! light at a di/ance too great to he> ! s\nd4 7n7 ,! break+ "s pieces ( *9a 9 ! beaufet1 may nev]!less seem to indicate t ! lightn+ 0 !re3 b z !re is no m5tion ( its hav+ hurt any "p ( ! beaufet1 or ( ! walls ( ! h\se1 ,i %\ld r ascribe t effect to ! concussion ( ! air1 or %ake ( ! h\se by ! explosion4 ,?us1 to me x appe>s1 t ! h\se & its inhabitants 7 sav$ by ! rod1 ?\gh ! rod itself 0 unjo9t$ by ! /roke2 & t1 if x _h be5 made ( "o piece1 & sunk deep] 9 ! e>?1 or _h ent]$ ! e>? at a great] di/ance f ! f\ndation1 ! m5tion$ small damages 7except ! melt+ ( ! po9ts7 w\ld n h happ5$4 ,,to ,,dr4 ,h#gh4 ,,at ,,london4 ,on ! ,electricity ( ! ,t\rmal94 ,crav5-/reet1 ,june #g1 #agei4 ,,sir1 ,i n[ return ! smalle/ ( y\r two t\rmal9s1 ) he>ty ?anks = y\r k9d pres5t ( ! o!r1 :i*1 ?\gh ,i value highly = its r>e & wond]ful prop]ties1 ,i %all ev] e/eem x m = ! fri5d%ip ,i am hon\r$ ) by ! giv]4 ,i he> t ! negative electricity ( "o side ( ! t\rmal91 :5 heat$1 is absolutely d5i$ 7& all t has be5 relat$ ( x ascrib$ to prejudice 9 fav\r ( a sy/em7 by "s +5i\s g5tlem5 abroad1 :o pr(ess to h made ! exp]im5ts on ! /one ) c>e & exactness4 ,! exp]im5ts h succe$$ diff]5tly ) me2 yet ,i w\ld n call ! accuracy ( ^? g5tlem5 9 "q4 ,possibly ! t\rmal9s !y h tri$ 7 n prop]ly cut2 s t ! positive & negative p[]s 7 obliquely plac$1 or 9 "s mann] :]eby _! effects 7 confus$1 or ! negative p>ts m easily suppli$ by ! positive4 ,p]haps ! lapid>ies :o h hi!rto cut ^! /ones1 _h no reg>d to ! situation ( ! two p[]s1 b *ose to make ! faces ( ! /one :]e !y c\ld obta9 ! greate/ bread?1 or "s o!r advantage 9 ! =m4 ,if any ( ^! /ones1 9 _! natural /ate1 c be procur$ "h1 ,i ?9k x w\ld be "r to endeav\r f9d+1 be=e !y are cut1 ! two sides t conta9 ! opposite p[]s1 & make ! faces !re4 ,possibly1 9 t case1 ! effects might be /rong]1 & m di/9ct2 = ?\gh bo? ^! /ones t ,i h exam9$ h evid5tly ! two prop]ties1 yet1 )\t ! full heat giv5 by boil+ wat]1 !y are some:at confus$2 ! virtue seems /ronge/ t[>ds "o end ( ! face2 & 9 ! middle1 or ne> ! o!r end1 sc>ce disc]nible2 & ! negative1 ,i ?9k1 always weak] ?an ! positive4 ,i h _h ! l>ge "o new cut1 s z to make bo? sides alike1 & f9d ! *ange ( =m has made no *ange ( p[]1 b ! prop]ties ( ea* side rema9 ! same z ,i f\nd !m be=e4 ,x is n[ set 9 a r+ 9 su* a mann] z to turn on an axis1 t ,i may conv5i5tly1 9 mak+ exp]im5ts1 come at bo? side ( ! /one4 ,! little rim ( gold x is set 91 has made no alt]ation 9 its effects4 ,! w>m? ( my f+]1 :5 ,i we> x1 is suffici5t to give x "s degree ( electricity1 s t x is always ready to attract light bodies4 ,! foll[+ exp]im5ts h satisfi$ me t ,m4 p9us's acc\nt ( ! positive & negative /ates ( ! opposite sides ( ! heat$ t\rmal9 is well f\nd$4 ,i heat$ ! l>ge /one 9 boil+ wat]4 ,z soon z x 0 dry1 ,i br\ght x ne> a v small cork ball1 t 0 susp5d$ by a silk ?read4 ,! ball 0 attract$ by "o face ( ! /one1 :i* ,i call ,a1 & !n repell$4 ,! ball 9 t /ate 0 also repell$ by ! positively *>g$ wire ( a phial1 & attract$ by ! o!r side ( ! /one1 ,b4 ,! /one be+ a-fre% heat$1 & ! side ,b br\ght ne> ! ball1 x 0 fir/ attract$1 & pres5tly aft] repell$ by t side4 ,9 ?is second /ate x 0 repell$ by ! negatively *>g$ wire ( a phial4 ,!re=e1 if ! pr9ciples n[ g5]ally receiv$1 relat+ to positive & negative electricity1 are true1 ! side ,a ( ! l>ge /one1 :5 ! /one is heat$ 9 wat]1 is 9 a positive /ate ( electricity2 & ! side ,b1 9 a negative /ate4 ,! same exp]im5ts be+ made ) ! small /one /uck by "o edge on ! end ( a small glass tube1 ) seal+-wax1 ! same effects are produc$4 ,! flat side ( ! small /one gives ! signs ( positive electricity2 ! high side gives ! signs ( negative electricity4 ,aga93 ,i susp5d$ ! small /one by a silk ?read4 ,i heat$ x z x hung1 9 boil+ wat]4 ,i heat$ ! l>ge "o 9 boil+ wat]4 ,!n ,i br\ght ! l>ge /one ne> to ! susp5d$ small "o4 ,:i* imm$iately turn$ its flat side to ! side ,b ( ! l>ge /one1 & w\ld cl+ to x4 ,i turn$ ! r+1 s z to pres5t ! side ,a ( ! l>ge /one1 to ! flat side ( ! small "o4 ,! flat side 0 repell$1 & ! small /one1 turn+ quick1 appli$ its high side to ! side ,a ( ! l>ge "o4 ,?is 0 precisely :at ought to happ51 on ! supposition t ! flat side ( ! small /one1 :5 heat$ 9 wat]1 is positive1 & ! high side negative2 ! side ,a ( ! l>ge /one positive1 & ! side ,b negative4 ,! effect 0 app>5tly ! same z w\ld h be5 produc$1 if "o magnet _h be5 susp5d$ by a ?read1 & ! diff]5t poles ( ano!r br\ght alt]nately ne> x4 ,i f9d t ! face ,a1 ( ! l>ge /one1 be+ coat$ ) leaf-gold 7atta*$ by ! :ite ( an egg1 :i* w be> dipp+ 9 hot wat]7 becomes quick] & /rong] 9 its effect on ! cork ball1 repell+ x ! in/ant x comes 9 contact2 :i* ,i suppose to be occasion$ by ! unit$ =ce ( diff]5t p>ts ( ! face1 collect$ & act+ toge!r ?r\gh ! metal4 ,i am1 c4 ,b4 ,,frankl94 ,,footnote3 #gh ,dr4 ,heb]d54 ,editor4 ,,f ,,pr(essor ,,w9?rop1 ,,to ,b4 ,,frankl94 ,new ,obs]vation relat+ to ,electricity 9 ! ,atmosph]e4 ,cambridge1 ,n4 ,e4 ,sept4 #bi1 #agfb4 ,,sir1 ,!re is an obs]vation relat+ to electricity 9 ! atmosph]e1 :i* seem$ new to me1 ?\gh p]haps x w n to y3 h[ev]1 ,i w v5ture to m5tion x4 ,i h "s po9ts on ! top ( my h\se1 & ! wire :]e x passes )9-side ! h\se is furni%$ ) bells1 accord+ to y\r me?od1 to give notice ( ! passage ( ! electric fluid4 ,9 summ]1 ^! bells1 g5]ally r+ at ! approa* ( a ?und]-cl\d2 b cease soon aft] x beg9s to ra94 ,9 w9t]1 !y sometimes ?\gh n v (t51 r+ :ile x is sn[+2 b nev]1 t ,i rememb]1 :5 x ra9s4 ,b :at 0 unexpect$ to me 01 t1 ?\gh ! bells _h n rung :ile x 0 sn[+1 yet1 ! next day1 aft] x _h done sn[+1 & ! wea!r 0 cle>$ up1 :ile ! sn[ 0 driv5 ab\t by a high w9d at ,w4 or ,n4 ,w4 ! bells rung = sev]al h\rs 7?\gh ) little int]missions7 z briskly z ev] ,i knew !m1 & ,i drew consid]able sp>ks f ! wire4 ,?is ph5om5on ,i nev] obs]v$ b twice2 viz4 on ! #ca/ ( ,janu>y1 #agfj1 & ! #c;d ( ,m>*1 #agfb4 ,i am1 ,sir1 c4 ,,f ,,mr4 ,a4 ,s#gi4 ,,to ,b4 ,f4 ,fla% ( ,lightn+ t /ruck ,/4 ,bride's ,/eeple4 ,i h j recollect$ t 9 "o ( our great /orms ( lightn+1 ,i saw an appe>ance1 :i* ,i nev] obs]v$ be=e1 nor ev] he>d describ$4 ,i am p]suad$ t ,i saw ! fla% :i* /ruck ,/4 ,bride's /eeple4 ,sitt+ at my w9d[1 & look+ to ! nor?1 ,i saw :at appe>$ to me a solid /rait rod ( fire1 mov+ at a v %>p angle ) ! horizon4 ,x appe>$ to my eye z ab\t two in*es diamet]1 & _h no?+ ( ! zig-zag lightn+ motion4 ,i in/antly told a p]son sitt+ ) me1 t "s place mu/ be /ruck at t in/ant4 ,i 0 s mu* surpriz$ at ! vivid di/9ct appe>ance ( ! fire1 t ,i did n he> ! clap ( ?und]1 :i* /unn$ e "o besides4 ,consid]+ h[ l[ x mov$1 ,i c\ld n h ?\ght x _h gone s f>1 hav+ ,/4 ,m>t9's1 ! ,new ,*ur*1 & ,/4 ,clem5ts's /eeples 9 its way4 ,x /ruck ! /eeple a good way f ! top1 & ! fir/ impression x made 9 ! side is 9 ! same direction ,i saw x move 94 ,x 0 succe$$ by two fla%es1 almo/ unit$1 mov+ 9 a po9t$ direction4 ,!re 7 two di/9ct h\ses /ruck 9 ,essex-/reet4 ,i %\ld h ?\ght ! rod w\ld h fall5 9 ,cov5t-,g>d51 x 0 s l[4 ,p]haps ! appe>ance is frequ5t1 ?\gh nev] be=e se5 by ,y\r's1 ,a4 ,s4 ,,footnote3 #gi ,mr4 ,alex&] ,small4 ,editor4 ,,to ,,mr4 ,p4 ,f#hj4 ,,newport4 ,be/ ,me?od ( secur+ a ,p[d] ,magaz9e f ,lightn+4 ----,y may acqua9t ! g5tleman t desir$ y to enquire my op9ion ( ! be/ me?od ( secur+ a p[d] magaz9e f lightn+1 t ,i ?9k !y _c d bett] ?an to erect a ma/ n f> f x1 :i* may rea* fifte5 or tw5ty feet above ! top ( x1 ) a ?ick iron rod 9 "o piece fa/5$ to x1 po9t$ at ! highe/ end1 & rea*+ d[n ?r\gh ! e>? till x comes to wat]4 ,iron is a *eap metal2 b if x 7 de>]1 z ?is is a public ?+ ! exp5ce is insignificant2 !re=e ,i w\ld h ! rod at lea/ an in* ?ick1 to all[ = its gradually wa/+ by ru/2 x w la/ z long z ! ma/1 & may be r5ew$ ) x4 ,! %>p po9t = five or six in*es %\ld be gilt4 ,b !re is ano!r circum/ance ( importance to ! /r5g?1 goodness1 & usefulness ( ! p[d]1 :i* does n seem to h be5 en\gh att5d$ to3 ,i mean ! keep+ x p]fectly dry4 ,= want ( a me?od ( do+ ?is1 mu* is spoil$ 9 damp magaz9es1 & mu* s damag$ z to become ( little value4--,if1 in/ead ( b>rels x 7 kept 9 cases ( bottles well cork$2 or 9 l>ge t9 cani/]s1 ) small cov]s %utt+ close by means ( oil$ pap] betwe51 or cov]+ ! jo9+ on ! cani/]2 or if 9 b>rels1 !n ! b>rels l9$ ) ?9 %eet lead2 no moi/ure 9 ei!r ( ^! me?ods c\ld possibly ent] ! p[d]1 s9ce glass & metals are bo? imp]vi\s to wat]4 ,by ! latt] ( ^! means y see tea is br\ght dry & crisp f ,*9a to ,europe1 & !nce to ,am]ica1 ?\gh x comes all ! way by sea 9 ! damp hold ( a %ip4 ,& by ?is me?od1 gra91 meal1 c4 if well dri$ be=e x is put up1 may be kept = ages s\nd & good4 ,!re is ano!r ?+ v prop] to l9e small b>rels )2 x is :at !y call t9-foil1 or leaf-t91 be+ t9 mill$ betwe5 roll]s till x becomes z ?9 z pap]1 & m pliant1 at ! same "t t its texture is extremely close4 ,x may be appli$ to ! wood ) common pa/e1 made ) boil+-wat] ?ick5$ ) fl\r2 &1 s laid on2 w lie v close & /ick well3 b ,i %\ld pref] a h>d /icky v>ni% = t purpose1 made ( l9se$ oil mu* boil$4 ,! heads might be l9$ sep>ately1 ! t9 wrapp+ a little r\nd _! edges4 ,! b>rel1 :ile ! l9+ is laid on1 %\ld h ! end hoops slack1 s t ! /aves /&+ at a little di/ance f ea* o!r1 may admit ! head into its groove4 ,! t9-foil %\ld be ply$ into ! groove4 ,!n1 "o head be+ put 91 & t end hoop$ tight1 ! b>rel w\ld be fit to receive ! p[d]1 & :5 ! o!r head is put 9 & ! hoops drove up1 ! p[d] w\ld be safe f moi/ure ev5 if ! b>rel 7 kept "u wat]4 ,?is t9-foil is b ab\t eighte5 p5ce /]l+ a p\nd1 & is s extremely ?91 t ,i imag9e a p\nd ( x w\ld l9e ?ree or f\r p[d]-b>rels4 ,i am1 c4 ,b4 ,,frankl94 ,,footnote3 #hj ,pet] ,frankl94 ,editor4 ,( ,lightn+1 & ! ,me?ods 7n[ us$ 9 ,am]ica7 ( secur+ ,build+s & ,p]sons f its mis*iev\s ,effects4 ,exp]im5ts made 9 electricity fir/ gave philosoph]s a suspicion1 t ! matt] ( lightn+ 0 ! same ) ! electric matt]4 ,exp]im5ts aft]w>ds made on lightn+ obta9$ f ! cl\ds by po9t$ rods1 receiv$ into bottles1 & subject$ to e trial1 h s9ce prov$ ?is suspicion to be p]fectly well f\nd$2 & t :atev] prop]ties we f9d 9 electricity1 are also ! prop]ties ( lightn+4 ,?is matt] ( lightn+1 or ( electricity1 is an extreme subtile fluid1 p5etrat+ o!r bodies1 & subsi/+ 9 !m1 equally diffus$4 ,:5 by any op]ation ( art or nature1 !re happ5s to be a great] proportion ( ?is fluid 9 "o body ?an 9 ano!r1 ! body :i* has mo/ w communicate to t :i* has lea/1 till ! proportion becomes equal2 provid$ ! di/ance betwe5 !m be n too great2 or1 if x is too great1 till !re be prop] conductors to convey x f "o to ! o!r4 ,if ! communication be ?r\gh ! air )\t any conductor1 a bright light is se5 betwe5 ! bodies1 & a s\nd is he>d4 ,9 our small exp]im5ts1 we call ?is light & s\nd ! electric sp>k & snap2 b 9 ! great op]ations ( nature1 ! light is :at we call lightn+1 & ! s\nd 7produc$ at ! same "t1 ?\gh g5]ally arriv+ lat] at our e>s ?an ! light does to our eyes7 is1 ) its e*oes1 call$ ?und]4 ,if ! communication ( ?is fluid is by a conductor1 x may be )\t ei!r light or s\nd1 ! subtle fluid pass+ 9 ! sub/ance ( ! conductor4 ,if ! conductor be good & ( suffici5t bigness1 ! fluid passes ?r\gh x )\t hurt+ x4 ,if o!rwise1 x is damag$ or de/roy$4 ,all metals1 & wat]1 are good conductors4--,o!r bodies may become conductors by hav+ "s quantity ( wat] 9 !m1 z wood1 & o!r mat]ials us$ 9 build+1 b n hav+ mu* wat] 9 !m1 !y are n good conductors1 & !re=e are (t5 damag$ 9 ! op]ation4 ,glass1 wax1 silk1 wool1 hair1 fea!rs1 & ev5 wood1 p]fectly dry are non-conductors3 t is1 !y resi/ in/ead ( facilitat+ ! passage ( ?is subtle fluid4 ,:5 ?is fluid has an opportunity ( pass+ ?r\gh two conductors1 "o good1 & suffici5t1 z ( metal1 ! o!r n s good1 x passes 9 ! be/1 & w foll[ x 9 any direction4 ,! di/ance at :i* a body *>g$ ) ?is fluid w dis*>ge itself sudd5ly1 /rik+ ?r\gh ! air into ano!r body t is n *>g$1 or n s highly *>g$1 is diff]5t accord+ to ! quantity ( ! fluid1 ! dim5sions & =m ( ! bodies !mselves1 & ! /ate ( ! air betwe5 !m4--,?is di/ance1 :atev] x happ5s to be betwe5 any two bodies1 is call$ _! /rik+ di/ance1 z1 till !y come )9 t di/ance ( ea* o!r1 no /roke w be made4 ,! cl\ds h (t5 m ( ?is fluid 9 proportion ?an ! e>?2 9 :i* case1 z soon z !y come ne> en\gh 7t is1 )9 ! /rik+ di/ance7 or meet ) a conductor1 ! fluid quits !m & /rikes into ! e>?4 ,a cl\d fully *>g$ ) ?is fluid1 if s high z to be beyond ! /rik+ di/ance f ! e>?1 passes quietly )\t mak+ noise or giv+ light2 unless x meets ) o!r cl\ds t h less4 ,tall trees1 & l(ty build+s1 z ! t[]s & spires ( *ur*es1 become sometimes conductors betwe5 ! cl\ds & ! e>?2 b n be+ good ones1 t is1 n convey+ ! fluid freely1 !y are (t5 damag$4 ,build+s t h _! ro(s cov]$ ) lead1 or o!r metal1 & sp\ts ( metal cont9u$ f ! ro( into ! gr\nd to c>ry (f ! wat]1 are nev] hurt by lightn+1 z1 :5ev] x falls on su* a build+1 x passes 9 ! metals & n 9 ! walls4 ,:5 o!r build+s happ5 to be )9 ! /rik+ di/ance f su* cl\ds1 ! fluid passes 9 ! walls :e!r ( wood1 brick or /one1 quitt+ ! walls only :5 x c f9d bett] conductors ne> !m1 z metal rods1 bolts1 & h+es ( w9d[s or doors1 gild+ on wa9scot1 or frames ( pictures1 ! silv]+ on ! backs ( look+-glasses1 ! wires = bells1 & ! bodies ( animals1 z conta9+ wat]y fluids4 ,& 9 pass+ ?r\gh ! h\se x foll[s ! direction ( ^! conductors1 tak+ z _m 9 its way z c assi/ x 9 its passage1 :e!r 9 a /rait1 or crook$ l9e leap+ f "o to ! o!r1 if n f> di/ant f ea* o!r1 only r5d+ ! wall 9 ! spaces :]e ^! p>tial good conductors are too di/ant f ea* o!r4 ,an iron rod be+ plac$ on ! outside ( a build+1 f ! highe/ "p cont9u$ d[n into ! moi/ e>?1 9 any direction /rait or crook$1 foll[+ ! =m ( ! ro( or o!r p>ts ( ! build+1 w receive ! lightn+ at its upp] end1 attract+ x s z to prev5t its /rik+ any o!r "p2 &1 af=d+ x a good conveyance into ! e>?1 w prev5t its damag+ any "p ( ! build+4 ,a small quantity ( metal is f\nd able to conduct a great quantity ( ?is fluid4 ,a wire no bigg] ?an a goose-quill has be5 kn[n to conduct 7) safety to ! build+ z f> z ! wire 0 cont9u$7 a quantity ( lightn+ t did prodigi\s damage bo? above & bel[ x2 & probably l>g] rods are n necess>y1 ?\gh x is common 9 ,am]ica1 to make !m ( half an in*1 "s ( ?ree qu>t]s1 or an in* diamet]4 ,! rod may be fa/5$ to ! wall1 *imney1 c4 ) /aples ( iron4--,! lightn+ w n leave ! rod 7a good conductor7 to pass into ! wall 7a bad conductor7 ?r\gh ^? /aples4--,x w\ld r1 if any 7 9 ! wall1 pass out ( x into ! rod to get m readily by t conductor into ! e>?4 ,if ! build+ be v l>ge & ext5sive1 two or m rods may be plac$ at diff]5t p>ts1 = great] security4 ,small ragg$ p>ts ( cl\ds1 susp5d$ 9 ! air betwe5 ! great body ( cl\ds & ! e>? 7l leaf gold 9 electrical exp]im5ts7 (t5 s]ve z p>tial conductors = ! lightn+1 :i* proce$s f "o ( !m to ano!r1 & by _! help comes )9 ! /rik+ di/ance to ! e>? or a build+4 ,x !re=e /rikes ?r\gh ^? conductors a build+ t w\ld o!rwise be out ( ! /rik+ di/ance4 ,long %>p po9ts communicat+ ) ! e>?1 & pres5t$ to su* p>ts ( cl\ds1 draw+ sil5tly f !m ! fluid !y are *>g$ )1 !y are !n attract$ to ! cl\d1 & may leave ! di/ance s great z to be beyond ! rea* ( /rik+4 ,x is !re=e t we elevate ! upp] end ( ! rod six or eight feet above ! highe/ "p ( ! build+1 tap]+ x gradually to a f9e %>p po9t1 :i* is gilt to prev5t its ru/+4 ,?us ! po9t$ rod ei!r prev5ts a /roke f ! cl\d1 or1 if a /roke is made1 conducts x to ! e>? ) safety to ! build+4 ,! l[] end ( ! rod %\ld ent] ! e>? s deep z to come at ! moi/ "p1 p]haps two or ?ree feet2 & if b5t :5 "u ! surface s z to g 9 a horizontal l9e six or eight feet f ! wall1 & !n b5t aga9 d[nw>ds ?ree or f\r feet1 x w prev5t damage to any ( ! /ones ( ! f\ndation4 ,a p]son appreh5sive ( dang] f lightn+1 happ5+ dur+ ! "t ( ?und] to be 9 a h\se n s secur$1 w d well to avoid sitt+ ne> ! *imney1 ne> a look+ glass1 or any gilt pictures or wa9scot2 ! safe/ place is 9 ! middle ( ! room 7s x be n "u a metal lu/re susp5d$ by a *a97 sitt+ 9 "o *air & lay+ ! feet up 9 ano!r4 ,x is /ill saf] to br+ two or ?ree mattrasses or b$s into ! middle ( ! room1 &1 fold+ !m up d\ble1 place ! *air ^u !m2 = !y n be+ s good conductors z ! walls1 ! lightn+ w n *use an int]rupt$ c\rse ?r\gh ! air ( ! room & ! b$d+1 :5 x c g ?r\gh a cont9u$ bett] conductor1 ! wall4 ,b :]e x c be _h1 a hammock or sw++ b$1 susp5d$ by silk cords equally di/ant f ! walls on e side1 & f ! ciel+ & floor above & bel[1 af=ds ! safe/ situation a p]son c h 9 any room :atev]2 & :at inde$ may be deem$ q free f dang] ( any /roke by lightn+4 ,b4 ,,frankl94 ,p>is1 ,sept4 #agfg4 ,,f ,j4 ,w4#ha ,,esq4 ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,natural ,,philosophy ,,at ,,cambridge1 ,,9 ,,new ,,engl&1 ,,jan4 #f1 #agfh4 ,/4 ,bride's ,/eeple4--,utility ( ,electrical ,conductors to ,/eeples4--,s+ul> k9d ( ,glass tube4 99999999 ,i h read 9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions ! acc\nt ( ! effects ( lightn+ on ,/4 ,bride's /eeple4 ,x is amaz+ to me1 t aft] ! full demon/ration y _h giv51 ( ! id5tity ( lightn+ & ( electricity1 & ! p[] ( metall9e conductors1 !y %\ld ev] ?9k ( repair+ t /eeple )\t su* conductors4 ,h[ a/oni%+ is ! =ce ( prejudice ev5 9 an age ( s mu* k & free enquiry6 ,,answ] ,,to ,,! ,,above4 99999999 ,x is p]haps n s extraord9>y t unle>n$ m51 su* z commonly compose our *ur* ve/ries1 %\ld n yet be acqua9t$ )1 & s5sible ( ! b5efits ( metal conductors 9 av]t+ ! /roke ( lightn+1 & pres]v+ our h\ses f its viol5t effects1 or t !y %\ld be /ill prejudic$ aga9/ ! use ( su* conductors1 :5 we see h[ long ev5 philosoph]s1 m5 ( ext5sive sci5ce & great +5uity1 c hold out aga9/ ! evid5ce ( new k1 t does n squ>e ) _! preconceptions2 & h[ long m5 c reta9 a practice t is con=mable to _! prejudices1 & expect a b5efit f su* practice1 ?\gh con/ant exp]i5ce %[s its inutility4 ,a late piece ( ! ,abb ,nollet1 pr9t$ la/ ye> 9 ! memoirs ( ! ,fr5* ,academy ( ,sci5ces1 af=ds /rong in/ances ( ?is3 = ?\gh ! v relations he gives ( ! effects ( lightn+ 9 sev]al *ur*es & o!r build+s %[ cle>ly1 t x 0 conduct$ f "o "p to ano!r by wires1 gild+s1 & o!r pieces ( metal t 7 )91 or connect$ ) ! build+1 yet 9 ! same pap] he objects to ! provid+ metall9e conductors )\t ! build+1 z useless or dang]\s4#hb ,he cautions p n to r+ ! *ur* bells dur+ a ?und]-/orm1 le/ ! lightn+1 9 its way to ! e>?1 %\ld be conduct$ d[n to !m by ! bell ropes1#hc :i* are b bad conductors2 & yet is aga9/ fix+ metal rods on ! outside ( ! /eeple1 :i* are kn[n to be mu* bett] conductors1 & :i* x w\ld c]ta9ly *use to pass 91 r ?an 9 dry hemp4 ,& ?\gh = a ?\s& ye>s pa/ bells h be5 solemnly consecrat$ by ! ,romi% *ur*#hd1 9 expectation t ! s\nd ( su* bless$ bells w\ld drive away ^? /orms1 & secure our build+s f ! /roke ( lightn+2 & dur+ s long a p]iod1 x has n be5 f\nd by exp]i5ce1 t places )9 ! rea* ( su* bless$ s\nd1 are saf] ?an o!rs :]e x is nev] he>d2 b t on ! contr>y1 ! lightn+ seems to /rike /eeples ( *oice1 & t at ! v "t ! bells are r++#he2 yet /ill !y cont9ue to bless ! new bells1 & jangle ! old ones :5ev] x ?und]s4--,"o w\ld ?9k x 0 n[ "t to try "s o!r trick2--& ours is recomm5d$ 7:atev] ?is able philosoph] may h be5 told to ! contr>y7 by m ?an twelve ye>s exp]i5ce1 :]e91 among ! great numb] ( h\ses furni%$ ) iron rods 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 n "o s gu>d$ has be5 mat]ially hurt ) lightn+1 & sev]al h be5 evid5tly pres]v$ by _! means2 :ile a numb] ( h\ses1 *ur*es1 b>ns1 %ips1 c4 9 diff]5t places1 unprovid$ ) rods1 h be5 /ruck & greatly damag$1 demoli%$ or burnt4 ,probably ! ve/ries ( our ,engli% *ur*es are n g5]ally well acqua9t$ ) ^! facts2 o!rwise1 s9ce z good prote/ants !y h no fai? 9 ! bless+ ( bells1 !y w\ld be less excusable 9 n provid+ ?is o!r security = _! respective *ur*es1 & = ! good p t may happ5 to be assembl$ 9 !m dur+ a tempe/1 especially z ^? build+s1 f _! great] height1 are m expos$ to ! /roke ( lightn+ ?an our common dwell+s4 ,i h no?+ new 9 ! philosophical way to communicate to y1 except :at foll[s4 ,:5 ,i 0 la/ ye> 9 ,g]many1 ,i met ) a s+ul> k9d ( glass1 be+ a tube ab\t eight in*es long1 half an in* 9 diamet]1 ) a holl[ ball ( ne> an in* diamet] at "o end1 & "o ( an in* & half at ! o!r1 h]metically seal$1 & half fill$ ) wat]4--,if "o end is held 9 ! h&1 & ! o!r a little elevat$ above ! level1 a con/ant succession ( l>ge bubbles proce$s f ! end 9 ! h& to ! o!r end1 mak+ an appe>ance t puzzl$ me mu*1 till ,i f\nd t ! space n fill$ ) wat] 0 also free f air1 & ei!r fill$ ) a subtle invisible vap\r cont9ually ris+ f ! wat]1 & extremely r>efiable by ! lea/ heat at "o end1 & cond5sable aga9 by ! lea/ coolness at ! o!r2 or x is ! v fluid ( fire itself1 :i* p>t+ f ! h& p]vades ! glass1 & by its expansive =ce depresses ! wat] till x c pass betwe5 x & ! glass1 & escape to ! o!r end1 :]e x gets ?r\gh ! glass aga9 into ! air4 ,i am r incl9$ to ! fir/ op9ion1 b d\btful betwe5 ! two4 ,an +5i\s arti/ "h1 ,mr4 ,nairne1 ma!matical in/rum5t-mak]1 has made a numb] ( !m f m9e1 & improv$ !m1 = 8 are mu* m s5sible ?an ^? ,i br\ght f ,g]many4--,i bor$ a v small hole ?r\gh ! wa9scot 9 ! seat ( my w9d[1 ?r\gh :i* a little cold air con/antly ent]$1 :ile ! air 9 ! room 0 kept w>m] by fires daily made 9 x1 be+ w9t] "t4 ,i plac$ "o ( 8 glasses1 ) ! elevat$ end aga9/ ?is hole2 & ! bubbles f ! o!r end1 :i* 0 9 a w>m] situation1 7 cont9ually pass+ day & night1 to ! no small surprise ( ev5 philosophical spectators4 ,ea* bubble dis*>g$ is l>g] ?an t f :i* x proce$s1 & yet t is n dim9i%$2 & by add+ itself to ! bubble at ! o!r end1 t bubble is n increas$1 :i* seems v p>adoxical4--,:5 ! balls at ea* end are made l>ge1 & ! connect+ tube v small & b5t at "r angles1 s t ! balls1 in/ead ( be+ at ! ends1 are br\ght on ! side ( ! tube1 & ! tube is held s z t ! balls are above x1 ! wat] w be depress$ 9 t :i* is held 9 ! h&1 & rise 9 ! o!r z a jet or f\nta92 :5 x is all 9 ! o!r1 x beg9s to boil1 z x 71 by ! vap\r pass+ up ?r\gh x2 & ! in/ant x beg9s to boil1 a sudd5 coldness is felt 9 ! ball held2 a curi\s exp]im5t1 ?is1 fir/ obs]v$ & %[n me by ,mr4 ,nairne4 ,!re is some?+ 9 x simil> to ! old obs]vation1 ,i ?9k m5tion$ by ,ari/otle1 t ! bottom ( a boil+ pot is n w>m2 & p]haps x may help to expla9 t fact2--if inde$ x be a fact4--,:5 ! wat] /&s at an equal height 9 bo? ^! balls1 & all at re/2 if y wet "o ( ! balls by means ( a fea!r dipt 9 _s1 ?\gh t _s is ( ! same temp]am5t z to heat & cold ) ! wat] 9 ! glasses1 yet ! cold occasion$ by ! evaporation ( ! _s f ! wett$ ball w s cond5se ! vap\r ov] ! wat] conta9$ 9 t ball1 z t ! wat] ( ! o!r ball w be press$ up into x1 foll[$ by a succession ( bubbles1 till ! _s is all dri$ away4 ,p]haps ! obs]vations on ^! little in/rum5ts may sugge/ & be appli$ to "s b5eficial uses4 ,x has be5 ?\ght1 t wat] r$uc$ to vap\r by heat 0 r>efi$ only f\rte5 ?\s& times1 & on ?is pr9ciple our eng9es = rais+ wat] by fire are said to be con/ruct$3 b if ! vap\r s mu* r>efi$ f wat] is capable ( be+ itself /ill f>!r r>efi$ to a b\ndless degree by ! application ( heat to ! vessels or p>ts ( vessels conta9+ ! vap\r 7z at fir/ x is appli$ to ^? conta9+ ! wat]7 p]haps a mu* great] p[] may be obta9$1 ) little additional exp5ce4 ,possibly too1 ! p[] ( easily mov+ wat] f "o end to ! o!r ( a moveable beam 7susp5d$ 9 ! middle l a scale-beam7 by a small degree ( heat1 may be appli$ advantage\sly to "s o!r me*anical purposes499999999 ,i am1 c4 ,b4 ,,frankl94 ,,footnotes3 #ha ,john ,w9?rop4 ,editor4 #hb ,notre curiosit p\rroit peut-tre s'appl&ir des re*]*es qu'elle n\s a fait faire sur la nature du tonn]re1 sur la mcanisme de ses pr9cipaux effets1 mais ce n'e/ po9t ce qu'il y a de plus important2 il vaudroit bi5 mieux que n\s puissions tronv] quelque moy5 de n\s en g>antir3 on y a p5s2 on s'e/ mme flatt d'avoir fait cette gr&e dc\v]te2 mais malheureusem5t d\ze annes d'preuves un peu de rflexion1 n\s appr5n5t qu'il ne faut pas compt] sur les promesses qu'on n\s a faites4 ,je l'ai dit1 il y a long temps1 & avec regret1 t\tes ces po9tes de f] qu'on dresse en l'air1 soit comme lectroscopes1 soit comme prs]vatifs1----sont plus propre n\s attir] le feu du tonn]re qu' n\s en prs]v]2---- je p]si/e dire que le projet d'puis] une nue orageuse du feu dont elle e/ *>ge1 n'e/ pas celui d'un physici51----4 ,memoire sur les ,effets du ,tonn]re4 #hc ,les clo*es1 en v]tu de leur bndiction1 doiv5t c>t] les orages n\s pres]v] des c\ps de f\dre2 mais l'glise p]met la prud5ce huma9e le *oix des mom5s o il convi5t d'us] de ce prs]vatif4 ,je ne sais si le son1 considr physiquem5t1 e/ capable ou non de faire crev] une nue1 de caus] l'pan*em5t de son feu v]s les objets t]re/res1 mais il e/ c]ta9 pr\v p> l'expri5ce1 que la tonn]re peut tomb] sur un clo*]1 soit que l'on y sonne ou que l'on n'y sonne po9t2 si cela arrive dans le premi] cas1 les sonneurs sont en gr& dang]1 p>cequ'ils ti5n5t des cordes p> lesquelles la commotion de la f\dre peut se communiqu] jusq' eux3 il e/ donc plus sage de laiss] les clo*es en repos qu& l'orage e/ arriv au-dessus de l'glise4 ,ibid4 #hd ,suivant le rituel de ,p>is1 lorsqu'on b5it des clo*es1 on recite les oraisons suivantes3 ,b5$ic1 ,dom9e 444 quotiescumque sonu]it1 procul rec$at virtus insidiantium1 umbra phantasmatis1 incursio turb9um1 p]cussio fulm9um1 lsio tonitruum1 calamitas tempe/atum1 omnisque spiritus procell>um1 c4 ,deus1 qui p] beatum ,mos51 c4 444 procul pell5tur insidi inimici1 fragor gr&9um1 procella turb9um1 impetus tempe/atum1 temp]5tur infe/a tonitrua4 c4 ,omnipot5s sempit]ne ,deus1 c4 444 ut ante sonitum ejus effug5tur ignita jacula inimici1 p]cussio fulm9um1 impetus lapidum1 lsio tempe/atum1 c4 #he ,en #agah4 ,m4 ,desl&es fit savoir l',academie ,royale des sci5ces1 que la nuit du #ad ou #ae d',avril de la mme anne1 le tonn]re toit tomb sur v+tquatre glises1 dequis ,l&]nau jusqu' ,sa9t-,pol-de-,lon en ,bretagne2 que ces glises toi5t prcism5t celles o l'on sonnoit1 que la f\dre avoit p>gn celles ou l'on ne sonnoit pas3 que dans celle de ,g\isnon1 qui fut entirem5t ru9e1 le tonn]re tua deux p]sonnes de quatre qui sonnoi5t1 c4 ,hi/4 du l',ac4 ,r4 des ,sci4 #agai4 ,exp]im5ts1 ,obs]vations1 & ,facts1 t5d+ to support ! ,op9ion ( ! ,utility ( long po9t$ ,rods1 = secur+ ,build+s f ,damage by ,/rokes ( ,lightn+4 ,read at ! ,committee appo9t$ to consid] ! erect+ ,conductors to secure ! ,magaz9es at ,purfleet1 ,aug4 #bg1 #aggb4 ,,exp]im5t ,i4 ,! prime conductor ( an electric ma*9e1 ,a4 ,b4 7,see ,plate ,,iv47 be+ support$ ab\t #aj in*es & a half above ! table by a wax-/&1 & "u x erect$ a po9t$ wire #g in*es & a half high1 & "o-fif? ( an in* ?ick1 & tap]+ to a %>p po9t1 & communicat+ ) ! table2 :5 ! po9t 7be+ upp]mo/7 is cov]$ by ! end ( a f+]1 ! conductor may be full *>g$1 & ! electromet] c#hf1 w rise to ! height indicat+ a full *>ge3 b ! mom5t ! po9t is uncov]$1 ! ball ( ! electromet] drops1 %[+ ! prime conductor to be in/antly dis*>g$ & ne>ly empti$ ( its electricity4 ,turn ! wire its blunt end upw>ds 7:i* repres5ts an unpo9t$ b>7 & no su* effect foll[s1 ! electromet] rema9+ at its usual height :5 ! prime conductor is *>g$4 ,illu/ration3 7( ^! exp]im5ts7 ,plate ,,iv4 ,vol4 ,i4 page #chh4 ,publi%$ z ! ,act directs1 ,april #a1 #ahjf1 by ,longman1 ,hur/1 ,rees ,orme1 ,pat]no/] ,r[4 ,,obs]vation4 ,:at quantity ( lightn+1 a high po9t$ rod well communicat+ ) ! e>? may be expect$ to dis*>ge f ! cl\ds sil5tly 9 a %ort "t1 is yet unkn[n2 b ,i h reason f a p>ticul> fact to ?9k x may at "s times be v great4 ,9 ,philadelphia ,i _h su* a rod fix$ to ! top ( my *imney1 & ext5d+ ab\t n9e feet above x4 ,f ! foot ( ?is rod1 a wire 7! ?ickness ( a goose-quill7 came ?r\gh a cov]$ glass tube 9 ! ro(1 & d[n ?r\gh ! well ( ! /air-case2 ! l[] end connect$ ) ! iron spe> ( a pump4 ,on ! /air-case opposite to my *amb]-door1 ! wire 0 divid$2 ! ends sep>at$ ab\t six in*es1 a little bell on ea* end2 & betwe5 ! bells a little brass ball susp5d$ by a silk ?read1 to play betwe5 & /rike ! bells :5 cl\ds pass$ ) electricity 9 !m4 ,aft] hav+ frequ5tly drawn sp>ks & *>g$ bottles f ! bell ( ! upp] wire1 ,i 0 "o night wak$ by l\d cracks on ! /air-case4 ,/>t+ up & op5+ ! door1 ,i p]ceiv$ t ! brass ball1 in/ead ( vibrat+ z usual betwe5 ! bells1 0 repell$ & kept at a di/ance f bo?2 :ile ! fire pass$ sometimes 9 v l>ge quick cracks f bell to bell2 & sometimes 9 a cont9u$ d5se :ite /ream1 seem+ly z l>ge z my f+]1 :]eby ! :ole /air-case 0 enlight5$ z ) sun%9e1 s t "o might see to pick up a p9#hg4 ,& f ! app>5t quantity ?us dis*>g$1 ,i _c b conceive t a numb]#hh ( su* conductors mu/ consid]ably less5 t ( any approa*+ cl\d1 be=e x comes s ne> z to deliv] its cont5ts 9 a g5]al /roke3--,an effect n to be expect$ f b>s unpo9t$2 if ! above exp]im5t ) ! blunt end ( ! wire is deem$ p]t95t to ! case4 ,,exp]im5t ,,ii4 ,! po9t$ wire "u ! prime conductor cont9u+ ( ! same height1 p9* x betwe5 ! ?umb & f+] ne> ! top1 s z j to conceal ! po9t2 !n turn+ ! globe1 ! electromet] w rise & m>k ! full *>ge4 ,slip ! f+]s d[n s z to discov] ab\t half an in* ( ! wire1 !n ano!r half in*1 & !n ano!r2 at e "o ( ^! motions discov]+ m & m ( ! po9t$ wire2 y w see ! electromet] fall quick & proportionably1 /opp+ :5 y /op4 ,if y slip d[n ! :ole di/ance at once1 ! ball falls in/antly d[n to ! /em4 ,,obs]vation4 ,f ?is exp]im5t x seems t a great] effect 9 draw+ (f ! lightn+ f ! cl\ds may be expect$ f long po9t$ rods1 ?an f %ort ones2 ,i mean f su* z %[ ! greate/ l5g?1 above ! build+ !y are fix$ on4 ,,exp]im5t ,,iii4 ,in/ead ( p9*+ ! po9t betwe5 ! ?umb & f+]1 z 9 ! la/ exp]im5t1 keep ! ?umb & f+] ea* at ne> an in* di/ance f x1 b at ! same height1 ! po9t betwe5 !m4 ,9 ?is situation1 ?\gh ! po9t is fairly expos$ to ! prime conductor1 x has little or no effect2 ! electromet] rises to ! height ( a full *>ge4--,b ! mom5t ! f+]s are tak5 away1 ! ball falls quick to ! /em4 ,,obs]vation4 ,to expla9 ?is1 x is suppos$1 t "o reason ( ! sudd5 effect produc$ by a long nak$ po9t$ wire is1 t 7by ! repulsive p[] ( ! positive *>ge 9 ! prime conductor7 ! natural quantity ( electricity conta9$ 9 ! po9t$ wire is driv5 d[n into ! e>?1 & ! po9t ( ! wire made /rongly negative2 :5ce x attracts ! electricity ( ! prime conductor m /rongly ?an bodies 9 _! natural /ate w\ld d2 ! small quantity ( common matt] 9 ! po9t1 n be+ able by its attractive =ce to reta9 its natural quantity ( ! electric fluid1 aga9/ ! =ce ( t repulsion4--,b ! f+] & ?umb be+ sub/antial & blunt bodies1 ?\gh z ne> ! prime conductor1 hold up bett] _! own natural quantity aga9/ ! =ce ( t repulsion2 & s1 cont9u+ ne>ly 9 ! natural /ate1 !y jo9tly op]ate on ! electric fluid 9 ! po9t1 oppos+ its desc5t1 & aid+ ! po9t to reta9 x2 contr>y to ! repell+ p[] ( ! prime conductor1 :i* w\ld drive x d[n4--,& ?is may also s]ve to expla9 ! diff]5t p[]s ( ! po9t 9 ! prec$+ exp]im5t1 on ! slipp+ d[n ! f+] & ?umb to diff]5t di/ances4 ,h5ce is collect$1 t a po9t$ rod erect$ betwe5 two tall *imnies1 & v little high] 7an in/ance ( :i* ,i h se57 _c h s good an effect1 z if x _h be5 erect$ on "o ( ! *imneys1 its :ole l5g? above x4 ,,exp]im5t ,,iv4 ,if1 in/ead ( a long po9t$ wire1 a l>ge solid body 7to repres5t a build+ )\t a po9t7 be br\ght "u & z ne> ! prime conductor1 :5 *>g$2 ! ball ( ! electromet] w fall a little2 & on tak+ away ! l>ge body1 w rise aga94 ,,obs]vation4 ,its ris+ aga9 %[s t ! prime conductor lo/ little or none ( its electric *>ge1 z x _h done ?r\gh ! po9t3 ! fall+ ( ! ball :ile ! l>ge body 0 "u ! conductor !re=e %[s1 t a quantity ( its atmosph]e 0 drawn f ! end :]e ! electromet] is plac$ to ! "p imm$iately ov] ! l>ge body1 & !re accumulat$ ready to /rike into x ) its :ole undim9i%$ =ce1 z soon z )9 ! /rik+ di/ance2 &1 7 ! prime conductor moveable l a cl\d1 x w\ld approa* ! body by attraction till )9 t di/ance4 ,! swift motion ( cl\ds1 z driv5 by ! w9ds1 probably prev5ts ?is happ5+ s (t5 z o!rwise x might d3 =1 ?\gh p>ts ( ! cl\d may /oop t[>ds a build+ z !y pass1 9 consequ5ce ( su* attraction1 yet !y are c>ri$ =w>d beyond ! /rik+ di/ance be=e !y c\ld by _! desc5d+ come )9 x4 ,,exp]im5t ,v4 ,atta* a small light lock ( cotton to ! und]side ( ! prime conductor1 s t x may hang d[n t[>ds ! po9t$ wire m5tion$ 9 ! fir/ exp]im5t4 ,cov] ! po9t ) y\r f+]1 & ! globe be+ turn$1 ! cotton w ext5d itself1 /ret*+ d[n t[>ds ! f+]1 z at a2 b on uncov]+ ! po9t1 x in/antly flies up to ! prime conductor1 z at b1 & cont9ues !re z long z ! po9t is uncov]$4 ,! mom5t y cov] x aga91 ! cotton flies d[n aga91 ext5d+ itself t[>ds ! f+]2 & ! same happ5s 9 degree1 if 7in/ead ( ! f+]7 y use1 uncov]$1 ! blunt end ( ! wire upp]mo/4 ,,obs]vation4 ,to expla9 ?is1 x is suppos$ t ! cotton1 by its connection ) ! prime conductor1 receives f x a quantity ( its electricity2 :i* occasions its be+ attract$ by ! f+] t rema9s /ill 9 ne>ly its natural /ate4 ,b :5 a po9t is oppos$ to ! cotton1 its electricity is !reby tak5 f x1 fa/] ?an x c at a di/ance be suppli$ ) a fre% quantity f ! conductor4 ,!re=e be+ r$uc$ ne>] to ! natural /ate1 x is attract$ up to ! electrifi$ prime conductor2 r ?an d[n1 z be=e1 to ! f+]4 ,suppos+ f>!r t ! prime conductor repres5ts a cl\d *>g$ ) ! electric fluid2 ! cotton1 a ragg$ fragm5t ( cl\d 7( :i* ! und]side ( great ?und]-cl\ds are se5 to h _m7 ! f+]1 a *imney or highe/ "p ( a build+4--,we !n may conceive t :5 su* a cl\d passes ov] a build+1 "s "o ( its ragg$ "u-hang+ fragm5ts may be drawn d[n by ! *imney or o!r high "p ( ! edifice2 creat+ !reby a m easy communication betwe5 x & ! great cl\d4--,b a long po9t$ rod be+ pres5t$ to ?is fragm5t1 may occasion its rec$+1 l ! cotton1 up to ! great cl\d2 & !reby increase1 in/ead ( less5+ ! di/ance1 s z (t5 to make x great] ?an ! /rik+ di/ance4 ,turn+ ! blunt end ( a wire upp]mo/ 7:i* repres5ts ! unpo9t$ b>7 x appe>s t ! same good effect is n f t to be expect$4 ,a long po9t$ rod x is !re=e imag9$1 may prev5t "s /rokes2 z well z conduct o!rs t fall ^u x1 :5 a great body ( cl\d comes on s heavily t ! above repell+ op]ation on fragm5ts _c take place4 ,,exp]im5t ,,vi4 ,opposite ! side ( ! prime conductor place sep>ately1 isolat$ by wax /ems1 ,mr4 ,canton's two boxes ) pi? balls susp5d$ by f9e l95 ?reads4 ,on ea* box1 lay a wire six in*es long & "o-fif? ( an in* ?ick1 tap]+ to a %>p po9t2 b s laid1 z t f\r in*es ( ! po9t$ end ( "o wire1 & an equal l5g? ( ! blunt end ( ! o!r1 may project beyond ! ends ( ! boxes2 & bo? at eighte5 in*es di/ance f ! prime conductor4 ,!n *>g+ ! prime conductor by a turn or two ( ! globe1 ! balls ( ea* pair w sep>ate2 ^? ( ! box1 :5ce ! po9t projects mo/1 consid]ably2 ! o!rs less4 ,t\* ! prime conductor1 & ^? ( ! box ) ! blunt po9t w collapse1 & jo94 ,^? connect$ ) ! po9t w at ! same "t approa* ea* o!r1 till )9 ab\t an in*1 & !re rema94 ,,obs]vation4 ,?is seems a pro(1 t ?\gh ! small %>p5$ "p ( ! wire mu/ h _h a less natural quantity 9 x be=e ! op]ation1 ?an ! ?ick blunt "p2 yet a great] quantity 0 driv5 d[n f x to ! balls4 ,!nce x is aga9 inf]r$1 t ! po9t$ rod is r5d]$ m negative3 & f>!r1 t if a /roke mu/ fall f ! cl\d ov] a build+1 furni%$ ) su* a rod1 x is m likely to be drawn to t po9t$ rod1 ?an to a blunt "o2 z be+ m /rongly negative1 & ( c\rse its attraction /rong]4 ,& x seems m eligible1 t ! lightn+ %\ld fall on ! po9t ( ! conductor 7provid$ to convey x into ! e>?7 ?an on any o!r "p ( ! build+1 !nce to proce$ to su* conductor4 ,:i* end is also m likely to be obta9$ by ! l5g? & l(t9ess ( ! rod2 z protect+ m ext5sively ! build+ "u x4 ,x has be5 object$1 t erect+ po9t$ rods ^u edifices1 is to invite & draw ! lightn+ into !m2 & !re=e dang]\s4 ,7 su* rods to be erect$ on build+s1 )\t cont9u+ ! communication q d[n into ! moi/ e>?1 ?is objection might !n h weight2 b :5 su* compleat conductors are made1 ! lightn+ is invit$ n into ! build+1 b into ! e>?1 ! situation x aims at1 & :i* x always seizes e help to obta91 ev5 f brok5 p>tial metall9e conductors4 ,x has also be5 sugge/$1 t f su* electric exp]im5ts no?+ c]ta9 c be conclud$ z to ! great op]ations ( nature2 s9ce x is (t5 se51 t exp]im5ts1 :i* h succe$$ 9 small1 9 l>ge h fail$4 ,x is true t 9 me*anics ?is has sometimes happ5$4 ,b :5 x is consid]$ t we owe our fir/ k ( ! nature & op]ations ( lightn+1 to obs]vations on su* small exp]im5ts2 & t on c>efully comp>+ ! mo/ accurate acc\nts ( =m] facts1 & ! exacte/ relations ( ^? t h occurr$ s9ce1 ! effects h surpriz+ly agre$ ) ! !ory2 x is humbly conceiv$ t 9 natural philosophy1 9 ?is bran* ( x at lea/1 ! sugge/ion has n s mu* weight2 & t ! f>!r new exp]im5ts n[ adduc$ 9 recomm5dation ( long %>p-po9t$ rods1 may h "s claim to cr$it & consid]ation4 ,x has be5 urg$ too1 t ?\gh po9ts may h consid]able effects on a small prime conductor at small di/ances2 yet on great cl\ds & at great di/ances1 no?+ is to be expect$ f !m4 ,to ?is x is answ]$1 t 9 ^? small exp]im5ts x is evid5t ! po9ts act at a great] ?an ! /rik+ di/ance2 & 9 ! l>ge way1 _! s]vice is only expect$ :]e !re is su* ne>ness ( ! cl\d1 z to endang] a /roke2 & !re1 x _c be d\bt$ ! po9ts mu/ h "s effect4 ,& if ! quantity dis*>g$ by a s+le po9t$ rod may be s consid]able z ,i h %[n x2 ! quantity dis*>g$ by a numb] w be proportionably great]4 ,b ?is "p ( ! !ory does n dep5d alone on small exp]im5ts4 ,s9ce ! practice ( erect+ po9t$ rods 9 ,am]ica 7n[ ne> tw5ty ye>s7 five ( !m h be5 /ruck by lightn+1 viz4 ,mr4 ,rav5's & ,mr4 ,ma9e's 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a2 ,mr4 ,tuck]'s 9 ,virg9ia2 ,mr4 ,we/'s & ,mr4 ,m\ld]'s 9 ,philadelphia4 ,possibly !re may h be5 m t h n come to my k4 ,b 9 e "o ( ^!1 ! lightn+ did n fall ^u ! body ( ! h\se1 b precisely on ! sev]al po9ts ( ! rods2 &1 ?\gh ! conductors 7 sometimes n suffici5tly l>ge & complete1 0 convey$ into ! e>?1 )\t any mat]ial damage to ! build+s4 ,facts !n 9 great1 z f> z we h !m au!nticat$1 ju/ify ! op9ion t is drawn f ! exp]im5ts 9 small z above relat$4 ,x has also be5 object$1 t unless we knew ! quantity t might possibly be dis*>g$ at "o /roke f ! cl\ds1 we _c be sure we h provid$ suffici5t conductors2 & !re=e _c dep5d on _! convey+ away all t may fall on _! po9ts4 ,inde$ we h no?+ to =m a judgm5t by 9 ?is b pa/ facts2 & we "k ( no in/ance :]e a compleat conductor to ! moi/ e>? has be5 insuffici5t1 if half an in* diamet]4 ,x is probable t _m /rokes ( lightn+ h be5 convey$ ?r\gh ! common lead5 pipes affix$ to h\ses to c>ry d[n ! wat] f ! ro( to ! gr\nd3 & !re is no acc\nt ( su* pipes be+ melt$ & de/roy$1 z mu/ sometimes h happ5$ if !y _h be5 insuffici5t4 ,we c !n only judge ( ! dim5sions prop] = a conductor ( lightn+1 z we d ( ^? prop] = a conductor ( ra91 by pa/ obs]vation4 ,& z we ?9k a pipe ( ?ree in*es bore suffici5t to c>ry (f ! ra9 t falls on a squ>e ( #bj feet1 because we nev] saw su* a pipe glutt$ by any %[]2 s we may judge a conductor ( an in* diamet]1 m ?an suffici5t = any /roke ( lightn+ t w fall on its po9t4 ,x is true t if ano!r deluge %\ld happ5 :]e9 ! w9d[s ( heav5 are to be op5$1 su* pipes may be unequal to ! fall+ quantity2 & if ,god = our s9s %\ld ?9k fit to ra9 fire ^u u1 z ^u "s cities ( old1 x is n expect$ t our conductors ( :atev] size1 %\ld secure our h\ses aga9/ a miracle4 ,probably z wat] drawn up into ! air & !re =m+ cl\ds1 is dispos$ to fall aga9 9 ra9 by its natural gravity1 z soon z a numb] ( p>ticles suffici5t to make a drop c get toge!r2 s :5 ! cl\ds are 7by :atev] means7 ov] or "u-*>g$ ) ! electric fluid to a degree suffici5t to attract !m t[>ds ! e>?1 ! equilibrium is re/or$1 be=e ! diff]5ce becomes great beyond t degree4 ,mr4 ,lane's electromet]1 = limit+ precisely ! quantity ( a %ock t is to be adm9i/]$ 9 a m$ical view1 may s]ve to make ?is m easily intelligible4 ,! dis*>g+ knob does by a screw approa* ! conductor to ! di/ance int5d$1 b !re rema9s fix$4 ,:atev] p[] !re may be 9 ! glass globe to collect ! fulm9at+ fluid1 & :atev] capacity ( receiv+ & accumulat+ x !re may be 9 ! bottle or glass j>2 yet nei!r ! accumulation or ! dis*>ge ev] exce$s ! de/9$ quantity4 ,?us1 7 ! cl\ds always at a c]ta9 fix$ di/ance f ! e>?1 all dis*>ges w\ld be made :5 ! quantity accumulat$ 0 equal to ! di/ance3 ,b !re is a circum/ance :i* by occasionally less5+ ! di/ance1 less5s ! dis*>ge2 to wit1 ! moveabl5ess ( ! cl\ds1 & _! be+ drawn ne>] to ! e>? by attraction :5 electrifi$2 s t dis*>ges are !reby r5d]$ m frequ5t & ( c\rse less viol5t4 ,h5ce :atev] ! quantity may be 9 nature1 & :atev] ! p[] 9 ! cl\ds ( collect+ x2 yet an accumulation & =ce beyond :at mank9d has hi!rto be5 acqua9t$ ) is sc>ce to be expect$#hi4 ,b4 ,f4 ,aug4 #bg1 #aggb4 ,,footnotes3 #hf ,mr4 ,h5ley's4 #hg ,mr4 de ,romas saw /ill great] quantities ( lightn+ br\ght d[n by ! wire ( 8 kite4 ,he _h explosions f x1 ! noise ( :i* greatly resembl$ t ( ?und]1 & 7 he>d 7f )\t7 into ! he>t ( ! city1 not)/&+ ! v>i\s noises !re4 ,! fire se5 at ! in/ant ( ! explosion _h ! %ape ( a sp9dle eight in*es long & five l9es 9 diamet]4 ,yet f ! "t ( ! explosion to ! end ( ! exp]im5t1 no lightn+ 0 se5 above1 nor any ?und] he>d4 ,at ano!r "t ! /reams ( fire issu+ f x 7 obs]v$ to be an in* ?ick & t5 feet long4--,see ,dr4 ,prie/ley's ,hi/ory ( ,electricity1 pages #acd-f1 fir/ edition4 #hh ,twelve 7 propos$ on & ne> ! magaz9es at ,purfleet4 #hi ,x may be fit to m5tion "h1 t ! imm$iate occasion ( ! dispute conc]n+ ! pref]5ce betwe5 po9t$ & blunt conductors ( lightn+1 arose z foll[s3--,a p[d]-mill hav+ bl[n up at ,brescia1 9 consequ5ce ( its be+ /ruck ) lightn+1 ! ,engli% bo>d ( ordnance appli$ to _! pa9t]1 ,mr4 ,wilson1 !n ( "s note z an electrician1 = a me?od to prev5t ! l accid5t to _! magaz9es at ,purfleet4 ,mr4 ,wilson hav+ advis$ a blunt conductor1 & x be+ und]/ood t ,dr4 ,frankl9's op9ion1 =m$ ^u ! spot1 0 = a po9t$ "o2 ! matt] 0 ref]r$ 9 #aggb1 to ! ,royal ,society1 & by !m z usual1 to a committee1 :o1 aft] consultation1 prescrib$ a me?od con=mable to ,dr4 ,frankl9's !ory4 ,b a h>mless /roke ( lightn+1 hav+ "u p>ticul> circum/ances1 fall5 ^u "o ( ! build+s & its app>atus 9 ,may #aggg2 ! subject came aga9 into viol5t agitation1 & 0 aga9 ref]r$ to ! society1 & by ! society aga9 ref]r$ to a new committee1 :i* committee confirm$ ! decision ( ! fir/ committee4 ,b4 ,v4#ij #ij ,:]ev] ?is signature occurs1 ! note is tak5 f a volume ( ,dr4 ,frankl9's writ+s1 entitl$ ,political1 ,miscellane\s1 & ,philosophical ,pieces1 pr9t$ = ,johnson1 #aggi4 ,! editor ( t volume1 ?\gh a "y man at ! "t1 _h already ev9c$ extraord9>y tal5ts1 & 0 ! fri5d & correspond5t ( our au?or4 ,z he has *os5 to )hold 8 "n1 we conceive ourselves n entitl$ to disclose x3 b we %all take ! fre$om ( an acqua9tance to use ! notes occasionally1 deem+ !m 9 _m in/ances valuable hi/orical records4 ,editor4 ,,to ,,pr(essor ,,l&riani1 ,,( ,,italy4 ,on ! ,utility ( ,electrical ,conductors4 ,philadelphia1 ,oct4 #ad1 #aghg4 ,,sir1 ,i h receiv$ ! excell5t "w1 ,^u ! ,utility ( electrical ,conductors1 :i* y _h ! goodness to s5d me4 ,i read x ) great pleasure1 & beg y to accept my s9c]e ?anks = x4 ,^u my return to ?is c\ntry1 ,i f\nd ! numb] ( conductors mu* increas$1 _m pro(s ( _! efficacy 9 pres]v+ build+s f lightn+ hav+ demon/rat$ _! utility4 ,among o!r in/ances1 my own h\se 0 "o day attack$ by lightn+1 :i* occasion$ ! neighb\rs to run 9 to give assi/ance1 9 case ( its be+ on fire4 ,b no damage 0 done1 & my family 0 only f\nd a good deal fright5$ ) ! viol5ce ( ! explosion4 ,la/ ye>1 my h\se be+ enl>g$1 ! conductor 0 oblig$ to be tak5 d[n4 ,i f\nd1 ^u exam9ation1 t ! po9t$ t]m9ation ( copp]1 :i* 0 orig9ally n9e in*es long1 & ab\t "o ?ird ( an in* 9 diamet] 9 its ?icke/ "p1 _h be5 almo/ entirely melt$2 & t its connection ) ! rod ( iron bel[ 0 v slight4 ,?us1 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 ?is inv5tion has prov$ ( use to ! au?or ( x1 & has add$ ?is p]sonal advantage to ! pleasure he be=e receiv$1 f hav+ be5 useful to o!rs4 ,mr4 ,ritt5h\se1 our a/ronom]1 has in=m$ me1 t hav+ obs]v$ ) 8 excell5t telescope1 _m conductors t are )9 ! field ( 8 view1 he has rem>k$ 9 v>i\s in/ances1 t ! po9ts 7 melt$ 9 l mann]4 ,!re is no example ( a h\se1 provid$ ) a p]fect conductor1 :i* has suff]$ any consid]able damage2 & ev5 ^? :i* are )\t !m h suff]$ little1 s9ce conductors h come common 9 ?is city4 ,b4 ,,frankl94 ,,to ,,john ,,pr+le1 ,m4 ,d4 ,,& ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 ,on ! ,effects ( ,electricity 9 p>alytic ,cases4 ,crav5-/reet1 ,dec4 #ba1 #ageg4 ,,sir1 ,9 compliance ) y\r reque/1 ,i s5d y ! foll[+ acc\nt ( :at ,i c at pres5t recollect relat+ to ! effects ( electricity 9 p>alytic cases1 :i* h fall5 "u my obs]vation4 ,"s ye>s s9ce1 :5 ! news-pap]s made m5tion ( great cures p]=m$ 9 ,italy & ,g]many1 by means ( electricity1 a numb] ( p>alytics 7 br\ght to me f diff]5t p>ts ( ,p5sylvania1 & ! neighb\r+ prov9ces1 to be electris$1 :i* ,i did = !m at _! reque/4 ,my me?od 01 to place ! pati5t fir/ 9 a *air1 on an electric /ool1 & draw a numb] ( l>ge /rong sp>ks f all p>ts ( ! affect$ limb or side4 ,!n ,i fully *>g$ two six-gallon glass j>s1 ea* ( :i* _h ab\t ?ree squ>e feet ( surface coat$2 & ,i s5t ! unit$ %ock ( ^! ?r\gh ! affect$ limb or limbs1 repeat+ ! /roke commonly ?ree times ea* day4 ,! fir/ ?+ obs]v$1 0 an imm$iate great] s5sible w>m? 9 ! lame limbs t _h receiv$ ! /roke ?an 9 ! o!rs2 & ! next morn+ ! pati5ts usually relat$1 t !y _h 9 ! night felt a prick+ s5sation 9 ! fle% ( ! p>alytic limbs2 & w\ld sometimes %[ a numb] ( small r$ spots1 :i* !y suppos$ 7 occasion$ by ^? prick+s4 ,! limbs1 too1 7 f\nd m capable ( volunt>y motion1 & seem$ to receive /r5g?4 ,a man1 = in/ance1 :o c\ld n ! fir/ day lift ! lame h& f (f 8 knee1 w\ld ! next day raise x f\r or five in*es1 ! ?ird day high]2 & on ! fif? day 0 able1 b ) a feeble languid motion1 to take (f 8 hat4 ,^! appe>ances gave great spirits to ! pati5ts1 & made !m hope a p]fect cure2 b ,i d n rememb] t ,i ev] saw any am5dm5t aft] ! fif? day2 :i* ! pati5ts p]ceiv+1 & f9d+ ! %ocks pretty sev]e1 !y became disc\rag$1 w5t home1 & 9 a %ort "t relaps$2 s t ,i nev] knew any advantage f electricity 9 palsies t 0 p]man5t4 ,& h[ f> ! app>5t tempor>y advantage might arise f ! ex]cise 9 ! pati5ts j\rney1 & com+ daily to my h\se1 or f ! spirits giv5 by ! hope ( success1 enabl+ !m to ex]t m /r5g? 9 mov+ _! limbs1 ,i w n pret5d to say4 ,p]haps "s p]man5t advantage might h be5 obta9$1 if ! electric %ocks _h be5 accompani$ ) prop] m$ic9e & regim51 "u ! direction a skilful physician4 ,x may be1 too1 t a few great /rokes1 z giv5 9 my me?od1 may n be s prop] z _m small ones2 s9ce by ! acc\nt f ,scotl& ( a case1 9 :i* two hundr$ %ocks f a phial 7 giv5 daily1 x seems1 t a p]fect cure has be5 made4 ,z to any uncommon /r5g? suppos$ to be 9 ! ma*9e us$ 9 t case1 ,i imag9e x c\ld h no %>e 9 ! effect produc$2 s9ce ! /r5g? ( ! %ock f *>g$ glass1 is 9 proportion to ! quantity ( surface ( ! glass coat$2 s t my %ocks f ^? l>ge j>s1 mu/ h be5 mu* great] ?an any t c\ld be receiv$ f a phial held 9 ! h&4 ,i am1 ) great respect1 ,sir1 ,y\r mo/ ob$i5t ,s]vant1 ,b4 ,,frankl94 ,electrical ,exp]im5ts on ,amb]4 ,saturday1 ,july #c1 #agfb4 ,to try1 at ! reque/ ( a fri5d1 :e!r amb] f9ely p[d]$ might be melt$ & run toge!r aga9 by means ( ! electric fluid1 ,i took a piece ( small glass tube1 ab\t two in*es & a half long1 ! bore ab\t "o-twelf? ( an in* diamet]1 ! glass itself ab\t ! same ?ickness2 ,i introduc$ into ?is tube "s p[d] ( amb]1 & ) two pieces ( wire ne>ly fitt+ ! bore1 "o ins]t$ at "o end1 ! o!r at ! o!r1 ,i ramm$ ! p[d] h>d betwe5 !m 9 ! middle ( ! tube1 :]e x /uck fa/1 & 0 9 l5g? ab\t half an in*4 ,!n leav+ ! wires 9 ! tube1 ,i made !m "p ( ! electric circuit1 & dis*>g$ ?r\gh !m ?ree r[s ( my case ( bottles4 ,! ev5t 01 t ! glass 0 broke into v small pieces & ^? disp]s$ ) viol5ce 9 all directions4 ,z ,i did n expect ?is1 ,i _h n1 z 9 o!r exp]im5ts1 laid ?ick pap] ov] ! glass to save my eyes1 s sev]al ( ! pieces /ruck my face sm>tly1 & "o ( !m cut my lip a little s z to make x ble$4 ,i c\ld f9d no "p ( ! amb]2 b ! table :]e ! tube lay 0 /a9$ v black 9 spots1 su* z might be made by a ?ick smoke =c$ on x by a bla/1 & ! air 0 fill$ ) a /rong smell1 some:at l t f burnt gunp[d]4 ,:5ce ,i imag9$1 t ! amb] 0 burnt1 & _h explod$ z gunp[d] w\ld h done 9 ! same circum/ances4 ,t ,i might bett] see ! effect on ! amb]1 ,i made ! next exp]im5t 9 a tube =m$ ( a c>d roll$ up & b\nd /rongly ) pack?read4 ,its bore 0 ab\t "o-eigh? ( an in* diamet]4 ,i ramm$ p[d] ( amb] into ?is z ,i _h done 9 ! o!r1 & z ! quantity ( amb] 0 great]1 ,i increas$ ! quantity ( electric fluid1 by dis*>g+ ?r\gh x at once five r[s ( my bottles4 ,on op5+ ! tube1 ,i f\nd t "s ( ! p[d] _h explod$1 an impression 0 made on ! tube1 ?\gh x 0 n hurt1 & mo/ ( ! p[d] rema9+ 0 turn$ black1 :i* ,i suppose might be by ! smoke =c$ ?r\gh x f ! burn$ "p3 "s ( x 0 h>d2 b z x p[d]$ aga9 :5 press$ by ! f+]s1 ,i suppose t h>dness n to arise f melt+ any p>ts 9 x1 b m]ely f my ramm+ ! p[d] :5 ,i *>g$ ! tube4 ,b4 ,,frankl94 ,,to ,,?omas ,,ronayne1 ,,esq4 ,,at ,,corke#ia4 ,on ! ,electricity ( ! ,fogs 9 ,irel&4 ,london1 ,april #bj1 #agff4 ,,sir1 ,i h receiv$ y\r v oblig+ & v +5i\s lett] by ,capta9 ,ke>ney4 ,y\r obs]vations ^u ! electricity ( fogs & ! air 9 ,irel&1 & ^u diff]5t circum/ances ( /orms1 appe> to me v curi\s1 & ,i ?ank y = !m4 ,!re is n1 9 my op9ion1 any "p ( ! e>? :atev] :i* is1 or c be1 naturally 9 a /ate ( negative electricity3 & ?\gh diff]5t circum/ances may occasion an inequality 9 ! di/ribution ( ! fluid1 ! equilibrium is imm$iately re/or$ by means ( its extreme subtilty1 & ( ! excell5t conductors ) :i* ! humid e>? is amply provid$4 ,i am ( op9ion1 h[ev]1 t :5 a cl\d1 well *>g$ positively1 passes ne> ! e>?1 x repels & =ces d[n into ! e>? t natural portion ( electricity1 :i* exi/s ne> its surface1 & 9 build+s1 trees1 c4 s z actually to r$uce !m to a negative /ate be=e x /rikes !m4 ,i am ( op9ion too1 t ! negative /ate 9 :i* y h frequ5tly f\nd ! balls1 :i* are susp5d$ f y\r app>atus1 is n always occasion$ by cl\ds 9 a negative /ate2 b m commonly by cl\ds positively electrifi$1 :i* h pass$ ov] !m1 & :i* 9 _! passage h repell$ & driv5 (f a "p ( ! electrical matt]1 :i* naturally exi/$ 9 ! app>atus2 s t :at rema9$ aft] ! pass+ ( ! cl\ds1 diffus+ itself uni=mly ?r\gh ! app>atus1 ! :ole became r$uc$ to a negative /ate4 ,if y h read my exp]im5ts made 9 cont9uation ( ^? ( ,mr4 ,canton1 y w readily und]/& ?is2 b y may easily make a few exp]im5ts1 :i* w cle>ly demon/rate x4 ,let a common glass be w>m$ be=e ! fire t x may cont9ue v dry = "s "t2 set x ^u a table1 & place ^u x ! small box made use ( by ,mr4 ,canton1 s t ! balls may hang a little beyond ! edge ( ! table4 ,rub ano!r glass1 :i* has previ\sly be5 w>m$ 9 a simil> mann]1 ) a piece ( black silk or a silk h&k]*ief1 9 ord] to electrify x4 ,hold !n ! glass above ! little box1 at ab\t ! di/ance ( ?ree or f\r in*es f t "p1 :i* is mo/ di/ant f ! balls2 & y w see ! balls sep>ate f ea* o!r2 be+ positively electrifi$ by ! natural portion ( electricity1 :i* 0 9 ! box1 & :i* is driv5 to ! fur!r "p ( x by ! repulsive p[] ( ! atmosph]e 9 ! excit$ glass4 ,t\* ! box ne> ! little balls 7! excit$ glass cont9u+ 9 ! same /ate7 & ! balls w aga9 unite2 ! quantity ( electricity :i* _h be5 driv5 to ?is "p be+ drawn (f by y\r f+]4 ,)draw !n bo? y\r f+] & ! glass at ! same in/ant1 & ! quantity ( electricity :i* rema9$ 9 ! box1 uni=mly diffus+ itself1 ! balls w aga9 be sep>at$2 be+ n[ 9 a negative /ate4 ,:ile ?+s are 9 ?is situation1 beg9 once m to excite y\r glass1 & hold x above ! box1 b n too ne>1 & y w f9d1 t :5 br\ght )9 a c]ta9 di/ance1 ! balls w at fir/ approa* ea* o!r1 be+ !n 9 a natural /ate4 ,9 proportion z ! glass is br\ght ne>]1 !y1 w aga9 sep>ate1 be+ positive4 ,:5 ! glass is mov$ beyond !m1 & at "s little f>!r di/ance1 !y w unite aga91 be+ 9 a natural /ate4 ,:5 x is entirely remov$1 !y w sep>ate aga91 be+ !n made negative4 ,! excit$ glass 9 ?is exp]im5t may repres5t a cl\d positively *>g$1 :i* y see is capable ( produc+ 9 ?is mann] all ! diff]5t *anges 9 ! app>atus1 )\t ! lea/ necessity = suppos+ any negative cl\d4 ,i am nev]!less fully conv9c$1 t ^! are negative cl\ds2 because !y sometimes absorb1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! app>atus1 ! positive electricity ( a l>ge j>1 ! hundr$? "p ( :i* ! app>atus itself w\ld h n be5 able to receive or conta9 at once4 ,9 fact1 x is n difficult to conceive1 t a l>ge cl\d1 highly *>g$ positively1 may r$uce small] cl\ds to a negative /ate1 :5 x passes above or ne> !m1 by =c+ a "p ( _! natural portion ( ! fluid ei!r to _! inf]ior surfaces1 :5ce x may /rike into ! e>?1 or to ! opposite side1 :5ce x may /rike into ! adjac5t cl\ds2 s t :5 ! l>ge cl\d has pass$ (f to a di/ance1 ! small cl\ds %all rema9 9 a negative /ate1 exactly l ! app>atus2 ! =m] 7l ! latt]7 be+ frequ5tly insulat$ bodies1 hav+ communication nei!r ) ! e>? nor ) o!r cl\ds4 ,^u ! same pr9ciple x may easily be conceiv$1 9 :at mann] a l>ge negative cl\d may r5d] o!rs positive4 ,! exp]im5t :i* y m5tion1 ( fil+ y\r glass1 is analog\s to "o :i* ,i made 9 #agea1 or #ageb4 ,i _h suppos$ 9 my prec$+ lett]s1 t ! pores ( glass 7 small] 9 ! int]ior p>ts ?an ne> ! surface1 & t on ?is acc\nt !y prev5t$ ! passage ( ! electrical fluid4 ,to prove :e!r ?is 0 actually ! case or n1 ,i gr\nd "o ( my phials 9 a "p :]e x 0 extremely ?91 gr9d+ x consid]ably beyond ! middle1 & v ne> to ! opposite sup]ficies1 z ,i f\nd1 ^u break+ x aft] ! exp]im5t4 ,x 0 *>g$ nev]!less aft] be+ gr\nd1 equally well z be=e1 :i* conv9c$ me1 t my hypo!sis on ?is subject 0 errone\s4 ,x is difficult to conceive :]e ! imm5se sup]flu\s quantity ( electricity on ! *>g$ side ( a glass is deposit$4 ,i s5d y my pap] conc]n+ meteors1 :i* 0 lately publi%$ "h 9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions1 imm$iately aft] a pap] by ,mr4 ,hamilton on ! same subject4 ,i am1 ,sir1 c4 ,b4 ,,frankl94 ,,footnote3 #ia ,?is lett] is translat$ f ! ,fr5* edition ( ,dr4 ,frankl9's works1 z are also all t foll[1 to ! ,app5dix1 ! "o to ,miss ,/eph5son except$4 ,editor4 ,mode ( asc]ta9+1 :e!r ! ,p[]1 giv+ a ,%ock to ^? :o t\* ei!r ! ,sur9am ,eel1 or ! ,torp$o1 be electrical4 #a4 ,t\* ! fi% ) a /ick ( dry seal+-wax1 or a glass rod1 & obs]ve if ! %ock be communicat$ by means ( ^? bodies4 ,t\* ! same fi% ) an iron1 or o!r metall9e rod4 ,if ! %ock be communicat$ by ! latt] body1 & n by ! o!rs1 x is probably n ! me*anical effect1 z has be5 suppos$1 ( "s muscul> action 9 ! fi%1 b ( a subtile fluid1 9 ?is respect analog\s at lea/ to ! electric fluid4 #b4 ,obs]ve f>!r1 :e!r ! %ock c be convey$ )\t ! metal be+ actually 9 contact ) ! fi%1 & if x c1 :e!r1 9 ! space betwe51 any light appe>1 & a slight noise or crackl+ be he>d4 ,if s1 ^! also are prop]ties common to ! electric fluid4 #c4 ,la/ly1 t\* ! fi% ) ! wire ( a small ,leyd5 bottle1 & if ! %ock c be receiv$ across1 obs]ve :e!r ! wire w attract & repel light bodies1 & y feel a %ock1 :ile hold+ ! bottle 9 "o h&1 & t\*+ ! wire ) ! o!r4 ,if s1 ! fluid1 capable ( produc+ su* effects seems to h all ! kn[n prop]ties ( ! electric fluid4 ,,addition1 #ab? ,augu/1 #aggb1 ,9 ,consequ5ce ( ! ,exp]im5ts & ,discov]ies made 9 ,france by ,mr4 ,wal%1 & communicat$ by him to ,dr4 ,frankl94 ,let sev]al p]sons1 /&+ on ! floor1 hold h&s1 & let "o ( !m t\* ! fi%1 s z to receive a %ock4 ,if ! %ock be felt by all1 place ! fi% flat on a plate ( metal1 & let "o ( ! p]sons hold+ h&s t\* ?is plate1 :ile ! p]son f>!/ f ! plate t\*es ! upp] "p ( ! fi% ) a metal rod3 !n obs]ve1 if ! =ce ( ! %ock be ! same z to all ! p]sons =m+ ! circle1 or is /rong] ?an be=e4 ,repeat ?is exp]im5t ) ?is diff]5ce3 let two or ?ree ( ! p]sons =m+ ! circle1 in/ead ( hold+ by ! h&1 hold ea* an un*>g$ electrical bottle1 s t ! little balls at ! end ( ! wires may t\*1 & obs]ve1 aft] ! %ock1 if ^! wires w attract & repel light bodies1 & if a ball ( cork1 susp5d$ by a long silk /r+ betwe5 ! wires1 a little di/ance f ! bottles1 w be alt]nately attract$ & repell$ by !m4 ,,to ,m4 ,,dub\rg4 ,on ! ,analogy betwe5 ,magnetism & ,electricity4 ,london1 ,m>* #aj1 #aggc4 ,,sir1 ,z to ! magnetism1 :i* seems produc$ by electricity1 my real op9ion is1 t ^! two p[]s ( nature h no aff9ity ) ea* o!r1 & t ! app>5t production ( magnetism is purely accid5tal4 ,! matt] may be expla9$ ?us3 #a/1 ,! e>? is a great magnet4 #b;dly1 ,!re is a subtile fluid1 call$ ! magnetic fluid1 :i* exi/s 9 all f]rug9\s bodies1 equally attract$ by all _! p>ts1 & equally diffus$ ?r\gh _! :ole sub/ance2 at lea/ :]e ! equilibrium is n di/urb$ by a p[] sup]ior to ! attraction ( ! iron4 #c;dly1 ,?is natural quantity ( ! magnetic fluid1 :i* is conta9$ 9 a giv5 piece ( iron1 may be put 9 motion s z to be m r>efi$ 9 "o "p & m cond5s$ 9 ano!r2 b x _c be )drawn by any =ce t we are yet made acqua9t$ )1 s z to leave ! :ole 9 a negative /ate1 at lea/ relatively to its natural quantity2 nei!r c x be introduc$ s z to put ! iron into a positive /ate1 or r5d] x plus4 ,9 ?is respect1 !re=e magnetism diff]s f electricity4 #d?ly1 ,a piece ( s(t iron all[s ! magnetic fluid :i* x conta9s to be put 9 motion by a mod]ate =ce1 s t be+ plac$ 9 a l9e ) ! magnetic pole ( ! e>?1 x imm$iately acquires ! prop]ties ( a magnet2 its magnetic fluid be+ drawn or =c$ f "o extremity to ! o!r2 & ?is effect cont9ues z long z x rema9s 9 ! same position1 "o ( its extremities becom+ positively magnetis$1 & ! o!r negatively4 ,?is tempor>y magnetism ceases z soon z ! iron is turn$ ea/ & we/1 ! fluid imm$iately diffus+ itself equally ?r\gh ! :ole iron1 z 9 its natural /ate4 #e?ly1 ,! magnetic fluid 9 h>d iron1 or /eel1 is put 9 motion ) m difficulty1 requir+ a =ce great] ?an ! e>? to excite x2 & :5 once x has be5 =c$ f "o extremity ( ! /eel to ! o!r1 x is n easy = x to return2 & ?us a b> ( /eel is conv]t$ into a p]man5t magnet4 #f?ly1 ,a great heat1 by exp&+ ! sub/ance ( ?is /eel1 & increas+ ! di/ance betwe5 its p>ticles1 af=ds a passage to ! electric fluid1 :i* is ?us aga9 re/or$ to its prop] equilibrium2 ! b> appe>+ no long] to possess magnetic virtue4 #g?ly1 ,a b> ( /eel :i* is n magnetic1 be+ plac$ 9 ! same position1 relatively to ! pole ( ! e>?1 :i* ! magnetic ne$le assumes1 & 9 ?is position be+ heat$ & sudd5ly cool$1 becomes a p]man5t magnet4 ,! reason is1 t :ile ! b> 0 hot1 ! magnetic fluid :i* x naturally conta9$ 0 easily =c$ f "o extremity to ! o!r by ! magnetic virtue ( ! e>?2 & t ! h>dness & cond5sation1 produc$ by ! sudd5 cool+ ( ! b>1 reta9$ x 9 ?is /ate )\t p]mitt+ x to resume its orig9al situation4 #h?ly1 ,! viol5t vibrations ( ! p>ticles ( a /eel b>1 :5 =cibly /ruck 9 ! same position1 sep>ate ! p>ticles 9 su* a mann] dur+ _! vibration1 t !y p]mit a portion ( ! magnetic fluid to pass1 influ5c$ by ! natural magnetism ( ! e>?2 & x is aft]w>ds s =cibly reta9$ by ! re-approa* ( ! p>ticles :5 ! vibration ceases1 t ! b> becomes a p]man5t magnet4 #i?ly1 ,an electric %ock pass+ ?r\gh a ne$le 9 a l position1 & dilat+ x = an in/ant1 r5d]s x1 = ! same reason1 a p]man5t magnet2 t is1 n by imp>t+ magnetism to x1 b by all[+ its prop] magnetic fluid to put itself 9 motion4 #aj?ly1 ,?us1 !re is n 9 reality m magnetism 9 a giv5 piece ( /eel aft] x is become magnetic1 ?an exi/$ 9 x be=e4 ,! natural quantity is only displac$ or repell$4 ,h5ce x foll[s1 t a /rong app>atus ( magnets may *>ge millions ( b>s ( /eel1 )\t communicat+ to !m any "p ( its prop] magnetism2 only putt+ 9 motion ! magnetism :i* already exi/$ 9 ^! b>s4 ,i am *iefly indebt$ to t excell5t philosoph] ( ,pet]sburgh1 ,mr4 p9us1 = ?is hypo!sis1 :i* appe>s to me equally +5i\s & solid4 ,i say1 *iefly1 because1 z x is _m ye>s s9ce ,i read 8 book1 :i* ,i h left 9 ,am]ica1 x may happ51 t ,i may h add$ to or alt]$ x 9 "s respect2 & if ,i h misrepres5t$ any ?+1 ! error ought to be *>g$ to my acc\nt4 ,if ?is hypo!sis appe>s admissible1 x w s]ve z an answ] to ! great] "p ( y\r que/ions4 ,i h only "o rem>k to add1 :i* is1 t h[ev] great ! =ce is ( magnetism employ$1 y c only conv]t a giv5 portion ( /eel into a magnet ( a =ce proportion$ to its capacity ( reta9+ its magnetic fluid 9 ! new position 9 :i* x is plac$1 )\t lett+ x return4 ,n[ ?is p[] is diff]5t 9 diff]5t k9ds ( /eel1 b limit$ 9 all k9ds :atev]4 ,b4 ,,frankl94 ,,to ,,messrs4 ,,dub\rg ,,& ,d',,alib>d#ib4 ,conc]n+ ! ,mode ( r5d]+ ,meat t5d] by ,electricity4 ,,my ,,de> ,,fri5ds1 ,my answ] to y\r que/ions conc]n+ ! mode ( r5d]+ meat t5d] by electricity1 c only be f\nd$ ^u conjecture2 = ,i h n exp]im5ts en\gh to w>rant ! facts4 ,all t ,i c say at pres5t is1 t ,i ?9k electricity might be employ$ = ?is purpose1 & ,i %all /ate :at foll[s z ! obs]vations or reasons1 :i* make me presume s4 ,x has be5 obs]v$1 t lightn+1 by r>efy+ & r$uc+ into vap\r ! moi/ure conta9$ 9 solid wood1 9 an oak1 = in/ance1 has =cibly sep>at$ its fibres1 & brok5 x into small spl9t]s2 t by p5etrat+ intimately ! h>de/ metals1 z iron1 x has sep>at$ ! p>ts 9 an in/ant1 s z to conv]t a p]fect solid into a /ate ( fluidity3 x is n !n improbable1 t ! same subtile matt]1 pass+ ?r\gh ! bodies ( animals ) rapidity1 %\ld possess suffici5t =ce to produce an effect ne>ly simil>4 ,! fle% ( animals1 fre% kill$ 9 ! usual mann]1 is firm1 h>d1 & n 9 a v eatable /ate1 because ! p>ticles adh]e too =cibly to ea* o!r4 ,at a c]ta9 p]iod1 ! cohesion is weak5$ & 9 its progress t[>ds putrefaction1 :i* t5ds to produce a total sep>ation1 ! fle% becomes :at we call t5d]1 or is 9 t /ate mo/ prop] to be us$ z our food4 ,x has frequ5tly be5 rem>k$1 t animals kill$ by lightn+ putrify imm$iately4 ,?is _c be inv>iably ! case1 s9ce a quantity ( lightn+ suffici5t to kill1 may n be suffici5t to te> & divide ! fibres & p>ticles ( fle%1 & r$uce !m to t t5d] /ate1 :i* is ! prelude to putrefaction4 ,h5ce x is1 t "s animals kill$ 9 ?is mann] w keep long] ?an o!rs4 ,b ! putrefaction sometimes proce$s ) surpris+ cel]ity4 ,a respectable p]son assur$ me1 t he once knew a rem>kable in/ance ( ?is3 ,a :ole flock ( %eep 9 ,scotl&1 be+ closely assembl$ "u a tree1 7 kill$ by a fla% ( lightn+2 & x be+ r late 9 ! ev5+1 ! proprietor1 desir\s ( sav+ some?+1 s5t p]sons e>ly ! next morn+ to flay !m2 b ! putrefaction 0 su*1 & ! /5* s abom9able1 t !y _h n ! c\rage to execute _! ord]s1 & ! bodies 7 accord+ly buri$ 9 _! sk9s4 ,x is n unreasonable to presume1 t betwe5 ! p]iod ( _! dea? & t ( _! putrefaction1 a "t int]v5$ 9 :i* ! fle% might be only t5d]1 & only suffici5tly s to be s]v$ at table4 ,add to ?is1 t p]sons1 :o h eat5 ( f[ls kill$ by our feeble imitation ( lightn+ 7electricity7 & dress$ imm$iately1 h ass]t$1 t ! fle% 0 rem>kably t5d]4 ,! little utility ( ?is practice has p]haps prev5t$ its be+ mu* adopt$4 ,= ?\gh x sometimes happ5s1 t a company unexpect$ly arriv+ at a c\ntry-h\se1 or an unusual conflux ( travell]s to an inn1 may r5d] x necess>y1 to kill a numb] ( animals = imm$iate use2 yet z travell]s h commonly a good appetite1 little att5tion has be5 paid to ! trifl+ inconv5i5ce ( hav+ _! meat a little t\gh4 ,z ?is k9d ( dea? is nev]!less m sudd51 & consequ5tly less sev]e1 ?an any o!r1 if ?is %\ld op]ate z a motive ) compassionate p]sons to employ x = animals sacrific$ = _! use1 !y may conduct ! process ?us3 ,hav+ prep>$ a batt]y ( six l>ge glass j>s 7ea* f #bj to #bd p9ts7 z = ! ,leyd5 exp]im5t1 & hav+ e/abli%$ a communication1 z usual1 f ! int]ior surface ( ea* ) ! prime conductor1 & hav+ giv5 !m a full *>ge 7:i* ) a good ma*9e may be execut$ 9 a few m9utes1 & may be e/imat$ by an electromet]7 a *a9 :i* communicates ) ! ext]ior ( ! j>s mu/ be wrapp$ r\nd ! ?ighs ( ! f[l2 aft] :i* ! op]ator1 hold+ x by ! w+s1 turn$ back & made to t\* beh9d1 mu/ raise x s high t ! head may receive ! fir/ %ock f ! prime conductor4 ,! animal dies in/antly4 ,let ! head be imm$iately cut (f to make x ble$1 :5 x may be pluck$ & dress$ imm$iately4 ,?is quantity ( electricity is suppos$ suffici5t = a turkey ( t5 p\nds weight1 & p]haps = a lamb4 ,exp]i5ce alone w in=m u ( ! requisite proportions = animals ( diff]5t =ms & ages4 ,probably n less w be requir$ to r5d] a small bird1 :i* is v old1 t5d]1 ?an = a l>g] "o1 :i* is "y4 ,x is easy to furni% ! requisite quantity ( electricity1 by employ+ a great] or less numb] ( j>s4 ,z six j>s1 h[ev]1 dis*>g$ at once1 are capable ( giv+ a v viol5t %ock1 ! op]ator mu/ be v circumspect1 le/ he %\ld happ5 to make ! exp]im5t on 8 own fle%1 in/ead ( t ( ! f[l4 ,b4 ,,frankl94 ,,footnote3 #ib ,?is lett] has no date1 b ! "o to :i* x is an answ] is dat$ ,may #a1 #aggc4 ,editor4 ,,to ,m4 ,,dub\rg4 ,9 ,answ] to "s ,qu]ies conc]n+ ! ,*oice ( ,glass = ! ,leyd5 ,exp]im5t4 ,london1 ,june #a1 #aggc4 ,,sir1 ,i wi%1 ) y1 t "s *emi/ 7:o %\ld1 if possible1 be at ! same "t an electrician7 w\ld1 9 pursuance ( ! excell5t h9ts conta9$ 9 y\r lett]1 und]take to "w ^u glass ) ! view y h recomm5d$4 ,by means ( a p]fect k ( ?is sub/ance1 ) respect to its electrical qualities1 we might proce$ ) m c]ta9ty1 z well 9 mak+ our own exp]im5ts1 z 9 repeat+ ^?1 :i* h be5 made by o!rs 9 diff]5t c\ntries1 :i* ,i believe h frequ5tly be5 att5d$ ) diff]5t success on acc\nt ( diff]5ces 9 ! glass employ$1 !nce occasion+ frequ5t misund]/&+s & contr>iety ( op9ions4 ,!re is ano!r circum/ance mu* to be desir$ ) respect to glass1 & t is1 t x %\ld n be subject to break :5 highly *>g$ 9 ! ,leyd5 exp]im5t4 ,i h kn[n eight j>s brok5 out ( tw5ty1 & at ano!r "t1 twelve out ( ?irty-five4 ,a simil> loss w\ld greatly disc\rage electricians desir\s ( accumulat+ a great p[] = c]ta9 exp]im5ts4--,we h nev] be5 able hi!rto to acc\nt = ! cause ( su* mis=tunes4 ,! fir/ idea :i* occurs is1 t ! positive electricity1 be+ accumulat$ on "o side ( ! glass1 ru%es viol5tly ?r\gh x1 9 ord] to supply ! defici5cy on ! o!r side & to re/ore ! equilibrium4 ,?is h[ev] ,i _c conceive to be ! true reason1 :5 ,i consid]1 t a great numb] ( j>s be+ unit$1 s z to be *>g$ & dis*>g$ at ! same "t1 ! break+ ( a s+le j> w dis*>ge ! :ole2 =1 if ! accid5t proce$$ f ! weakness ( ! glass1 x is n probable1 t eight ( !m %\ld be precisely ( ! same degree ( weakness1 z to break e "o at ! same in/ant1 x be+ m likely1 t ! weake/ %\ld break fir/1 &1 by break+1 secure ! re/2 & aga91 :5 x is necess>y to produce a c]ta9 effect1 by means ( ! :ole *>ge pass+ ?r\gh a det]m9$ circle 7z1 = in/ance1 to melt a small wire7 if ! *>ge1 in/ead ( pass+ 9 ?is circle1 ru%$ ?r\gh ! sides ( ! j>s1 ! int5d$ effect w\ld n be produc$2 :i*1 h[ev]1 is contr>y to fact4 ,= ^! reasons1 ,i suspect1 t !re is1 9 ! sub/ance ( ! glass1 ei!r "s little globules ( air1 or "s portions ( unvitrifi$ s& or salt1 into :i* a quantity ( ! electric fluid may be =c$ dur+ ! *>ge1 & !re reta9$ till ! g5]al dis*>ge3 & t ! =ce be+ sudd5ly )drawn1 ! ela/icity ( ! fluid acts ^u ! glass 9 :i* x is inclos$1 n be+ able to escape ha/ily )\t break+ ! glass4 ,i (f] ?is only z a conjecture1 :i* ,i leave to o!rs to exam9e4 ,! globe :i* ,i _h t c\ld n be excit$1 ?\gh x 0 f ! same glass-h\se :i* furni%$ ! o!r excell5t globes 9 my possession1 0 n ( ! same frit4 ,! glass :i* 0 usually manufactur$ !re1 0 r ( ! gre5 k9d1 & *iefly int5d$ = dr9k+-glasses & bottles2 b ! proprietors be+ desir\s ( attempt+ a trial ( :ite glass1 ! globe 9 "q 0 ( ?is frit4 ,! glass n be+ ( a p]fect :ite1 ! proprietors 7 dissatisfi$ ) x1 & ab&on$ _! project4 ,i suspect$ t too great a quantity ( salt 0 admitt$ into ! composition2 b ,i am no judge ( ^! matt]s4 ,b4 ,,frankl94 ,,to ,,miss ,,/eph5son4 ,conc]n+ ! ,leyd5 ,bottle4 ,london1 ,m>* #bb1 #agfb4 ,i mu/ retract ! *>ge ( idl5ess 9 y\r /udies1 :5 ,i f9d y h gone ?r\gh ! d\bly difficult task ( read+ s big a book1 on an ab/ruse subject1 & 9 a =eign language4 ,9 answ] to y\r "q conc]n+ ! ,leyd5 phial4--,! h& t holds ! bottle receives & conducts away ! electric fluid t is driv5 out ( ! outside by ! repulsive p[] ( t :i* is =c$ into ! inside ( ! bottle4 ,z long z t p[] rema9s 9 ! same situation1 x mu/ prev5t ! return ( :at x _h expell$2 ?\gh ! h& w\ld readily supply ! quantity if x c\ld be receiv$4 ,y\r affectionate fri5d1 ,b4 ,,frankl94 ,,app5dix4 ,no4 #aic4 ,! e>ly ,,lett]s ( ,dr4 ,frankl9 on ,electricity hav+ be5 translat$ into ,fr5*1 & pr9t$ at ,p>is2 ! ,abb ,mazeas1 9 a ,lett] to ,dr4 ,/eph5 ,hales1 dat$ ,/4 ,g]ma91 ,may #bj1 #ageb1 gives ! foll[+ ,acc\nt 7pr9t$ 9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions7 ( ! ,exp]im5t made at ,m>ly1 9 ,pursuance ( t propos$ by ,mr4 ,frankl91 ,pages #bbg1 #bbh4 ,,sir1 ,! ,philadelphian exp]im5ts1 t ,mr4 ,coll9son1 a memb] ( ! ,royal ,society1 0 s k9d z to communicate to ! public1 hav+ be5 univ]sally admir$ 9 ,france1 ! k+ desir$ to see !m p]=m$4 ,:]e=e ! ,duke ,d',ay5 (f]$ 8 maje/y 8 c\ntry-h\se at ,/4 ,g]ma91 :]e ,m4 de ,lor1 ma/] ( exp]im5tal philosophy1 %\ld put ^? ( ,philadelphia 9 execution4 ,8 maje/y saw !m ) great satisfaction1 & greatly applaud$ ,messieurs ,frankl9 & ,coll9son4 ,^! applauses ( 8 maje/y hav+ excit$ 9 ,messieurs de ,buffon1 ,d',alib>d1 & de ,lor1 a desire ( v]ify+ ! conjectures ( ,mr4 ,frankl91 ^u ! analogy ( ?und] & electricity1 !y prep>$ !mselves = mak+ ! exp]im5t4 ,m4 ,d',alib>d *ose = ?is purpose1 a g>d5 situat$ at ,m>ly1 :]e he plac$ ^u an electrical body a po9t$ b> ( iron1 ( =ty feet high4 ,on ! #aj? ( ,may1 tw5ty m9utes pa/ two 9 ! aft]noon1 a /ormy cl\d hav+ pass$ ov] ! place :]e ! b> /ood1 ^? t 7 appo9t$ to obs]ve x1 drew ne>1 & attract$ f x sp>ks ( fire1 p]ceiv+ ! same k9d ( commotions z 9 ! common electrical exp]im5ts4 ,m4 de ,lor1 s5sible ( ! good success ( ?is exp]im5t1 resolv$ to repeat x at 8 h\se 9 ! ,e/rapade1 at ,p>is4 ,he rais$ a b> ( iron n9ety-n9e feet high1 plac$ ^u a cake ( res91 two feet squ>e1 & ?ree in*es ?ick4 ,on ! #ah? ( ,may1 betwe5 f\r & five 9 ! aft]noon1 a /ormy cl\d hav+ pass$ ov] ! b>1 :]e x rema9$ half an h\r1 he drew sp>ks f ! b>1 l ^? f ! gun b>rel1 :51 9 ! electrical exp]im5ts1 ! globe is only rubb$ by ! cu%ion1 & !y produc$ ! same noise1 ! same fire1 & ! same crackl+4 ,!y drew ! /ronge/ sp>ks at ! di/ance ( n9e l9es1 :ile ! ra91 m+l$ ) a little hail1 fell f ! cl\d1 )\t ei!r ?und] or lightn+2 ?is cl\d be+1 accord+ to all appe>ance1 only ! consequ5ce ( a /orm1 :i* happ5$ else:]e4 ,i am1 ) a pr(\nd respect1 ,y\r mo/ humble & ob$i5t s]vant1 ,g4 ,,mazeas4 ,,footnote3 #ic ,see ! p>agraph betwe5 brackets1 page #bfg4 ,a m p>ticul> ,acc\nt ( ! ,circum/ances & ,success ( ?is extraord9>y ,exp]im5t 0 laid be=e ! ,royal ,academy ( ,sci5ces at ,p>is1 ?ree ,days aft]w>ds1 9 a ,memorial by ,m4 ,d',alib>d1 viz4 ,,extrait ,d',,un ,,memoire ,,de ,m4 ,d',,alib>d1 ,l l',acadmie ,royale des ,sci5ces1 le #ac ,mai1 #ageb4 ,en suivant la r\te que ,m4 ,frankl9 n\s a trace1 j'ai obt5u une satisfaction complette4 ,voici les prp>atifs1 le procd le succs4 #a4 ,j'ai fait faire ,m>ly-la-ville1 situe six lieues de ,p>is au milieu d'une belle pla9e dont le sol e/ =t lev1 une v]ge de f] ronde1 d'environ un p\ce de diametre1 longue de #dj pi$s1 =t po9tue p> son extrmit suprieure2 p\r lui mnag] une po9te plus f9e1 je l'ai fait arm] d'aci] tremp ensuite brunir1 au dfaut de dorure1 p\r la prs]v] de la r\ille2 outre cela1 cette v]ge de f] e/ c\rbe v]s son extrmit infrieure en deux c\des angles aigus quoiqu'arrondis2 le premi] c\de e/ loign de deux pi$s du b\t infrieur1 le second e/ en s5s contraire trois pi$s du premi]4 #b4 ,j'ai fait plant] dans un j>d9 trois grosses p]*es de #bh #bi pi$s1 disposes en triangle1 loignes les unes des autres d'environ huit pi$s2 deux de ces p]*es sont contre un mur1 la troisieme e/ au-d$ans du j>d94 ,p\r les aff]mir t\tes ensemble1 l'on cl\ sur *acune des entretoises v+t pi$s de hauteur2 comme le gr& v5t agitoit encore cette espce d'difice1 l'on a atta* au haut de *aque p]*e de longs cordages1 qui t5ant lieu d'aubans1 rpond5t p> le bas de bons piquets =tem5t enfoncs en t]re plus de #bj pi$s des p]*es4 #c4 ,j'ai fait con/ruire entres les deux p]*es vois9es du mur1 adoss] contre ce mur une petite gu]ite de bois capable de cont5ir un homme une table4 #d4 ,j'ai fait plac] au milieu de la gurite une petite table d'environ un demi-pi$ de hauteur2 sur cette table j'ai fait dress] aff]mir un tab\ret electrique4 ,ce tab\ret n'e/ autre *ose qu'une petite plan*e qu>re1 porte sur trois b\teilles v92 il n'e/ fait de cette mati]e que p\r suppler au defaut d'un gteau de rs9e qui me manquoit4 #e4 ,t\t tant a9si prp>1 j'ai fait elev] p]p5diculairem5t la v]ge de f] au milieu des trois p]*es1 je l'ai aff]mie en l'atta*ant *acune des p]*es avec de =ts cordons de soie p> deux endroits seulem5t4 ,les premi]s li5s sont au haut des p]*es1 environ trois p\ces au-dess\s de leurs extrmits suprieures2 les seconds v]s la moiti de leur hauteur4 ,le b\t infrieur de la v]ge de f] e/ solidem5t appuy sur le milieu du tab\ret electrique1 o j'ai fait creus] un tr\ propre le recevoir4 #f4 ,comme il toit important de g>antir de la pluie te tab\ret les cordons de soie1 p>ce qu'ils laiss]oi5t pass] la matire lectrique s'ils etoi5t m\ills1 j'ai pris les prcautions necessaires p\r en emp*]4 ,c'e/ dans cette vue que j'ai mis mon tab\ret s\s la gurite1 que j'avois fait c\rb] ma v]ge de f] angles aigus2 af9 que l'eau qui p\rroit c\l] le long de cette v]ge1 ne pt arriv] jusques sur le tab\ret4 ,c'e/ aussi dans le mme desse9 que j'ai fait cl\] sur le haut au milieu de mes p]*es1 trois p\ces au-dessus des cordons de soie1 des especes de botes =mes de trois petites plan*es d'environ #ae p\ces de long1 qui c\vr5t p>-dessus p> les ctes une p>eille longueur des cordons de soie1 sans leur t\*]4 ,il s'agissoit de faire1 dans le tems de l'orage1 deux obs]vations sur cette v]ge de f] a9si dispose2 l'une toit de rem>qu] sa po9te une aigrette lum9euse1 semblable celle que l'on app]oit la po9te d'une aiguille1 qu& on l'oppose assez prs d'un corps actuellem5t lectris2 l'autre toit de tir] de la v]ge de f] des t9celles1 comme on en tire du canon de fusil dans les expri5ces lectriques2 af9 de se g>antir des piqres de ces t9celles1 j'avois atta* le t5on d'un fil d'ar*al au cordon d'une longue fiole p\r lui s]vir de man*e4444 ,le ,m]cr$i #aj ,mai #ageb1 entre deux trois heures aprs midi1 le nomm ,coiffi]1 anci5 dragon1 que j'avois *>g de faire les obs]vations en mon abs5ce1 ayant ent5du un c\p de tonn]re assez =t1 vole aussitt la ma*9e1 pr5d la fiole avec le fil d'ar*al1 prs5te le t5on du fil la v]ge1 en voit sortir une petite t9celle brillante1 en ent5d le ptillem5t2 il tire une seconde t9celle plus =t que la premi]e avec plus de bruit6 il appelle ses vois9s1 envoie *]*] ,m4 le ,prieur4 ,celui-ci acc\rt de t\tes ses =ces2 les p>oissi5s voyant la prcipitation de leur cur1 s'imag95t que le pauvre ,coiffi] a t tu du tonn]re2 l'all>me se rp& dans le village3 la grle qui survi5t n'emp*e po9t le tr\peau du suivre son pa/eur4 ,cet honnte ecclsia/ique arrive prs de la ma*9e1 voyant qu'il n'y avoit po9t de dang]1 met lui-mme la ma9 l'oeuvre tire de =tes t9celles4 ,la nue d'orage de grle ne fut pas plus d'un qu>t-d'heure pass] au zni? de notre ma*9e1 l'on n'ent5dit que ce seul c\p de tonn]re4 ,sitt que le nuage fut pass1 qu'on ne tira plus d't9celles de la v]ge de f]1 ,m4 le ,prieur de ,m>ly fit p>tir le sieur ,coiffi] lui-mme1 p\r m'apport] la lettre suivante1 qu'il m'ecrivit la hte4 ,je v\s annonce1 ,monsieur1 ce que veus att5dez3 l'expri5ce e/ complette4 ,auj\rd'hui deux heures #bj m9utes aprs midi1 le tonn]re a grond directem5t sur ,m>ly2 le c\p a t assez =t4 ,l'envie de v\s oblig]1 la curiosit m'ont tir de mon fauteil1 o j'tois occup lire3 je suis all *ez ,coiffi]1 qui dja m'avoit dp* un enfant que j'ai r5contr en *em91 p\r me pri] de ve5ir2 j'ai d\bl le pas trav]s un torr5t de grle4 ,arriv l'endroit o e/ place la tr+le c\de1 j'ai prs5t le fil d'ar*al1 en evanant successivem5t v]s la tr+le1 un p\ce demi1 ou environ2 il e/ sorti de la tr+le une petite colonne de f] bleutre s5tant le s\fre1 qui v5oit frapp] avec une extrme vivacit le t5on du fil d'ar*al1 occasionnoit un bruit semblable celui qu'on f]oit en frappant sur la tr+le avec une clef4 ,j'ai rpet l'expri5ce au mo9s six fois dans l'espace d'environ quatre m9utes1 en prs5ce de plusieurs p]sonnes1 *aque expri5ce que j'ai faite a dur l'espace d'un pat] d'un ave4 ,j'ai v\lu cont9u]2 l'action du feu s'e/ ral5tie peu peu2 j'ai appro* plus prs1 n'ai plus tir que quelques t9celles1 enf9 ri5 n'ai p>u4 ,le c\p de tonn]re qui a occasionn cet vnem5t1 n'a t suivi d'aucun autre2 t\t s'e/ t]m9 p> une abondance de grle4 ,j'tois si occup dans le mom5t de l'expri5ce de ce que voyois1 qu'ayant t frapp au bras un peu au-dessus du c\de1 je ne puis dire si c'e/ en t\*ant au fil d'ar*al ou la tr+le3 je ne me suis pas pla9t du mal que m'avoit fait le c\p dans le mom5t que je l'ai reu2 mais comme la d\leur cont9uoit1 de ret\r *ez moi1 j'ai dc\v]t mon bras en prs5ce de ,coiffi]1 n\s avons app]u une meurtrissure t\rnante aut\r du brass1 semblable celle que f]oit un c\p de fil d'ar*al1 si j'en avois t frapp nud4 ,en rev5ant de *ez ,coiffi]1 j'ai recontr ,m4 le ,vicaire1 ,m4 de ,milly1 et le ,matre d'cole1 qui j'ai rapport ce qui v5oit d'arriv]2 ils se sont pla9ts t\s les trois qu'ils s5toi5t une odeur de s\fre qui les frappait davantage mesure qu'ils s'approi*i5t de moi3 j'ai port *ez moi la mme odeur1 mes dome/iques s'en sont app]u sans que je leur aye ri5 dit4 ,voil1 ,monsieur1 un rcit fait la hte1 mais naif vrai que j'atte/e1 v\s p\vez assur] que je suis prt r5dre tmoignage de cet vnem5t dans t\tes les occasions4 ,coiffi] a t le premi] qui a fait l'expri5ce l'a rpte1 plusieurs fois2 ce n'e/ qu' l'occasion de ce qu'il a vu qu'il m'a envoy pri] de v5ir4 ,s'il toit beso9 d'autres tmo9s que de lui de moi1 v\s les tr\v]iez4 ,coiffi] presse p\r p>tir4 ,je suis avec une respectueuse considration1 ,monsieur1 votre1 c4 sign ,,raulet1 ,prieur de ,m>ly4 #aj ,mai1 #ageb4 ,on voit1 p> le dtail de cette lettre1 que le fait e/ assez bi5 con/at p\r ne laiss] aucun d\te ce sujet4 ,le porteur m'a assur de vive voix qu'il avoit tir p5dant prs d'un qu>t-d'heure avant que ,m4 le ,prieur arrivt1 en prs5ce de c9q ou six p]sonnes1 des t9celles plus =tes plus bruyantes que celles dont il e/ p>l dans la lettre4 ,ces premi]es p]sonnes arrivant successivem5t1 n'osi5t appro*] qu' #aj ou #ab pas de la ma*9e2 cette di/ance1 malgr le ple9 soleil1 ils voyoi5t les t9celles ent5doi5t le bruit4444 ,il rsulte de t\tes les expri5ces obs]vations que j'ai rapportes dans ce mmoire1 surt\t de la d]nire expri5ce faite ,m>ly-la-ville1 que la mati]e du tonn]re e/ inconte/ablem5t la mme que celle de l'lectricit4 ,l'ide qu'en a eu ,m4 ,frankl9 cesse d'tre une conjecture3 la voil dev5ue une ralit1 j'ose croire que plus on appr(ondira t\t ce qu'il a publi sur l'lectricit1 plus on reconnotra combi5 la physique lui e/ r$evable p\r cette p>tie4 ,lett] ( ,mr4 ,w4 ,watson1 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 to ! ,royal ,society1 conc]n+ ! electrical ,exp]im5ts 9 ,engl& ^u ,?und]-,cl\ds4 ,read ,dec4 #ageb4 ,trans4 ,vol4 ,,xlvii4 ,,g5tlem51 ,aft] ! communications1 :i* we h receiv$ f sev]al ( our correspond5ts 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! cont95t1 acqua9t+ u ) ! success ( _! exp]im5ts la/ summ]1 9 endeav\r+ to extract ! electricity f ! atmosph]e dur+ a ?und]-/orm1 9 consequ5ce ( ,mr4 ,frankl9's hypo!sis1 x may be ?\ght extraord9>y1 t no acc\nts h be5 yet laid be=e y1 ( our success "h f ! same exp]im5ts4 ,t no want ( att5tion1 !re=e1 may be attribut$ to ^? "h1 :o h be5 hi!rto conv]sant 9 ^! enquiries1 ,i ?\ght prop] to apprise y1 t1 ?\gh sev]al memb]s ( ! ,royal ,society1 z well z myself1 did1 ^u ! fir/ advices f ,france1 prep>e & set up ! necess>y app>atus = ?is purpose1 we 7 defeat$ 9 our expectations1 f ! uncommon coolness & dampness ( ! air "h1 dur+ ! :ole summ]4 ,we _h only at ,london "o ?und]-/orm2 viz4 on ,july #bj2 & !n ! ?und] 0 accompani$ ) ra92 s t1 by wett+ ! app>atus1 ! electricity 0 dissipat$ too soon to be p]ceiv$ ^u t\*+ ^? p>ts ( ! app>atus1 :i* s]v$ to conduct x4 ,?is1 ,i say1 9 g5]al prev5t$ our v]ify+ ,mr4 ,frankl9's hypo!sis3 b our wor?y bro!r1 ,mr4 ,canton1 0 m =tunate4 ,i take ! lib]ty1 !re=e1 ( lay+ be=e y an extract ( a lett]1 :i* ,i receiv$ f t g5tleman1 dat$ f ,spital-squ>e1 ,july #ba1 #ageb4 ,i _h ye/]day1 ab\t five 9 ! aft]noon1 an opportunity ( try+ ,mr4 ,frankl9's exp]im5t ( extract+ ! electrical fire f ! cl\ds2 & succe$$1 by means ( a t9 tube1 betwe5 ?ree & f\r feet 9 l5g?1 fix$ to ! top ( a glass "o1 ( ab\t eighte5 in*es4 ,to ! upp] end ( ! t9 tube1 :i* 0 n s high z a /ack ( *imnies on ! same h\se1 ,i fa/5$ ?ree ne$les ) "s wire2 & to ! l[] end 0 sold]$ a t9 cov] to keep ! ra9 f ! glass tube1 :i* 0 set upright 9 a block ( wood4 ,i att5d$ ?is app>atus z soon aft] ! ?und] began z possible1 b did n f9d x 9 ! lea/ electrifi$1 till betwe5 ! ?ird & f\r? clap2 :51 apply+ my knuckle to ! edge ( ! cov]1 ,i felt & he>d an electrical sp>k2 & approa*+ x a second "t1 ,i receiv$ ! sp>k at ! di/ance ( ab\t half an in*1 & saw x di/9ctly4 ,?is ,i repeat$ f\r or five times 9 ! space ( a m9ute1 b ! sp>ks grew weak] & weak]2 & 9 less ?an two m9utes ! t9 tube did n appe> to be electrifi$ at all4 ,! ra9 cont9u$ dur+ ! ?und]1 b 0 consid]ably abat$ at ! "t ( mak+ ! exp]im5t4 ,?us f> ,mr4 ,canton4 ,mr4 ,wilson likewise ( ! ,society1 to :om we are mu* oblig$ = ! tr\ble he has tak5 9 ^! pursuits1 _h an opportunity ( v]ify+ ,mr4 ,frankl9's hypo!sis4 ,he in=m$ me1 by a lett] f ne> ,*elms=d1 9 ,essex1 dat$ ,augu/ #ab1 #ageb1 t1 on t day ab\t noon1 he p]ceiv$ sev]al electrical snaps1 dur+1 or r at ! end ( a ?und]-/orm1 f no o!r app>atus ?an an iron curta9 rod1 "o end ( :i* he put into ! neck ( a glass phial1 & held ?is phial 9 8 h&4 ,to ! o!r end ( ! iron he fa/5$ ?ree ne$les ) "s silk4 ,?is phial1 support+ ! rod1 he held 9 "o h&1 & drew snaps f ! rod ) a f+] ( 8 o!r4 ,?is exp]im5t 0 n made ^u any em95ce1 b 9 ! g>d5 ( a g5tleman1 at ^: h\se he !n 04 ,dr4 ,bevis obs]v$1 at ,mr4 ,cave's1 at ,/4 ,john's ,gate1 ne>ly ! same ph5om5a z ,mr4 ,canton1 ( :i* an acc\nt has be5 already laid be=e ! public4 ,trifl+ z ! effects "h m5tion$ are1 :5 comp>$ ) ^? :i* we h receiv$ f ,p>is & ,b]l91 !y are ! only ones1 t ! la/ summ] "h has produc$2 & z !y 7 made by p]sons wor?y ( cr$it1 !y t5d to e/abli% ! au!nticity ( ^? transmitt$ f our correspond5ts4 ,i flatt] myself1 t ?is %ort acc\nt ( ^! matt]s w n be disagreeable to y2 & am1 ,) ! mo/ pr(\nd respect1 ,y\r mo/ ob$i5t1 humble s]vant1 ,w4 ,,watson4 ,no4 #b4 ,rem>ks on ! ,abb ,nollet's ,lett]s to ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 ,esq4 ( ,philadelphia1 on ,electricity3 by ,mr4 ,david ,cold51 ( ,new ,york4 ,cold5ham1 9 ,new ,york1 ,dec4 #d1 #agec4 ,,sir1 ,9 consid]+ ! ,abb ,nollet's ,lett]s to ,mr4 ,frankl91 ,i am oblig$ to pass by all ! exp]im5ts :i* are made )1 or 91 bottles h]metically seal$1 or exhau/$ ( air2 because1 n be+ able to repeat ! exp]im5ts1 ,i c\ld n second any ?+ :i* occurs to me !reon1 by exp]im5tal pro(4 ,:]e=e1 ! fir/ po9t :]e9 ,i c d>e to give my op9ion1 is 9 ! ,abb's #d? lett]1 p4 #ff1 :]e he und]takes to prove1 t ! electric matt] passes f "o surface to ano!r ?r\gh ! entire ?ickness ( ! glass3 he takes ,mr4 ,frankl9's exp]im5t ( ! magical picture1 & writes ?us ( x4 ,:5 y electrise a pane ( glass coat$ on bo? sides ) metal1 x is evid5t t :atev] is plac$ on ! side opposite to t :i* receives ! electricity f ! conductor1 receives also an evid5t electrical virtue4 ,:i* ,mr4 ,frankl9 says1 is t equal quantity ( electric matt]1 driv5 out ( ?is side1 by :at is receiv$ f ! conductor on ! o!r side2 & :i* w cont9ue to give an electrical virtue to any ?+ 9 contact ) x1 till x is entirely dis*>g$ ( its electrical fire4 ,to :i* ! ,abb ?us objects2 ,tell me 7says he71 ,i pray y1 h[ mu* "t is necess>y = ?is pret5d$ dis*>ge8 ,i c assure y1 t aft] hav+ ma9ta9$ ! electrisation = h\rs1 ?is surface1 :i* ought1 z x seems to me1 to be entirely dis*>g$ ( its electrical matt]1 consid]+ ei!r ! va/ numb] ( sp>ks t 7 drawn f x1 or ! "t t ?is matt] _h be5 expos$ to ! action ( ! expulsive cause2 ?is surface1 ,i say1 appe>$ r bett] electris$ !reby1 & m prop] to produce all ! effects ( an actual electric body4 ,p4 #fh4 ,! ,abb does n tell u :at ^? effects 71 all ! effects ,i c\ld nev] obs]ve1 & ^? t are to be obs]v$ c easily be acc\nt$ =1 by suppos+ t side to be entirely de/itute ( electric matt]4 ,! mo/ s5sible effect ( a body *>g$ ) electricity is1 t :5 y pres5t y\r f+] to x1 a sp>k w issue f x to y\r f+]3 n[ :5 a phial1 prep>$ = ! ,leyd5 exp]im5t1 is hung to ! gun-b>rel or prime-conductor1 & y turn ! globe 9 ord] to *>ge x2 z soon z ! electric matt] is excit$1 y c obs]ve a sp>k to issue f ! ext]nal surface ( ! phial to y\r f+]1 :i*1 ,mr4 ,frankl9 says1 is ! natural electric matt] ( ! glass driv5 out by t receiv$ by ! inn] surface f ! conductor4 ,if x be only drawn out by sp>ks1 a va/ numb] ( !m may be drawn2 b if y take hold ( ! ext]nal surface ) y\r h&1 ! phial w soon receive all ! electric matt] x is capable (1 & ! outside w !n be entirely de/itute ( its electric matt]1 & no sp>k c be drawn f x by ! f+]3 "h !n is a want ( t effect :i* all bodies1 *>g$ ) electricity1 h4 ,"s ( ! effects ( an electric body1 :i* ,i suppose ! ,abb has obs]v$ 9 ! ext]ior surface ( a *>g$ phial1 are t all light bodies are attract$ by x4 ,?is is an effect :i* ,i h con/antly obs]v$1 b d n ?9k t x proce$s f an attractive quality 9 ! ext]ior surface ( ! phial1 b 9 ^? light bodies !mselves1 :i* seem to be attract$ by ! phial4 ,x is a con/ant obs]vation1 t :5 "o body has a great] *>ge ( electric matt] 9 x ?an ano!r 7t is 9 proportion to ! quantity !y w hold7 ?is body w attract t :i* has less3 n[1 ,i suppose1 & x is a "p ( ,mr4 ,frankl9's sy/em1 t all ^? light bodies :i* appe> to be attract$1 h m electric matt] 9 !m ?an ! ext]nal surface ( ! phial has1 :]e=e !y endeav\r to attract ! phial to !m1 :i* is too heavy to be mov$ by ! small degree ( =ce !y ex]t1 & yet be+ great] ?an _! own weight1 moves !m to ! phial4 ,! foll[+ exp]im5t w help ! imag9ation 9 conceiv+ ?is4 ,susp5d a cork ball1 or a fea!r1 by a silk ?read1 & electrise x2 !n br+ ?is ball nigh to any fix$ body1 & x w appe> to be attract$ by t body1 = x w fly to x3 n[1 by ! cons5t ( electricians1 ! attractive cause is 9 ! ball itself1 & n 9 ! fix$ body to :i* x flies3 ?is is a simil> case ) ! app>5t attraction ( light bodies1 to ! ext]nal surface ( a *>g$ phial4 ,! ,abb says1 p4 #fi1 t he c electrise a hundr$ m51 /&+ on wax1 if !y hold h&s1 & if "o ( !m t\* "o ( ^! surfaces 7! ext]ior7 ) ! end ( 8 f+]3 ?is ,i "k he c1 :ile ! phial is *>g+1 b aft] ! phial is *>g$ ,i am z c]ta9 he _c3 t is1 hang a phial1 prep>$ = ! ,leyd5 exp]im5t1 to ! conductor1 & let a man1 /&+ on ! floor1 t\* ! coat+ ) 8 f+]1 :ile ! globe is turn$1 till ! electric matt] spews out ( ! hook ( ! phial1 or "s "p ( ! conductor1 :i* ,i take to be ! c]ta9e/ sign t ! phial has receiv$ all ! electric matt] x c3 aft] ?is appe>s1 let ! man1 :o be=e /ood on ! floor1 /ep on a cake ( wax1 :]e he may /& = h\rs1 & ! globe all t "t turn$2 & yet h no appe>ance ( be+ electris$4 ,aft] ! electric matt] 0 spew$ out z above f ! hook ( ! phial prep>$ = ! ,leyd5 exp]im5t1 ,i hung ano!r phial1 9 l mann] prep>$1 to a hook fix$ 9 ! coat+ ( ! fir/1 & held ?is o!r phial 9 my h&2 n[ if !re 0 any electric matt] transmitt$ ?r\gh ! glass ( ! fir/ phial1 ! second "o w\ld c]ta9ly receive & collect x2 b hav+ kept ! phials 9 ?is situation = a consid]able "t1 dur+ :i* ! globe 0 cont9ually turn$1 ,i c\ld n p]ceive t ! second phial 0 9 ! lea/ *>g$1 = :5 ,i t\*$ ! hook ) my f+]1 z 9 ! ,leyd5 exp]im5t1 ,i did n feel ! lea/ commotion1 nor p]ceive any sp>k to issue f ! hook4 ,i likewise made ! foll[+ exp]im5t3 hav+ *>g$ two phials 7prep>$ = ! ,leyd5 exp]im5t7 ?r\gh _! hooks2 two p]sons took ea* "o ( ^! phials 9 _! h&2 "o held 8 phial by ! coat+1 ! o!r by ! hook1 :i* he c\ld d by remov+ ! communication f ! bottom be=e he took hold ( ! hook4 ,^! p]sons plac$ !mselves "o on ea* side ( me1 :ile ,i /ood on a cake ( wax1 & took hold ( ! hook ( t phial :i* 0 held by its coat+ 7^u :i* a sp>k issu$1 b ! phial 0 n dis*>g$1 z ,i /ood on wax7 keep+ hold ( ! hook1 ,i t\*$ ! coat+ ( ! phial t 0 held by its hook ) my o!r h&1 ^u :i* !re 0 a l>ge sp>k to be se5 betwe5 my f+] & ! coat+1 & bo? phials 7 in/antly dis*>g$4 ,if ! ,abb's op9ion be "r1 t ! ext]ior surface1 communicat+ ) ! coat+1 is *>g$1 z well z ! int]ior1 communicat+ ) ! hook2 h[ c ,i1 :o /& on wax1 dis*>ge bo? ^! phials1 :5 x is well kn[n ,i c\ld n dis*>ge "o ( !m s+ly8 ,nay1 suppose ,i h drawn ! electric matt] f bo? ( !m1 :at becomes ( x8 ,= ,i appe> to h no additional quantity 9 me :5 ! exp]im5t is ov]1 & ,i h n /irr$ (f ! wax3 :]e=e ?is exp]im5t fully conv9ces me1 t ! ext]ior surface is n *>g$2 & n only s1 b t x wants z mu* electric matt] z ! inn] has ( excess3 = by ?is supposition1 :i* is a "p ( ,mr4 ,frankl9's sy/em1 ! above exp]im5t is easily acc\nt$ =1 z foll[s3 ,:5 ,i /& on wax1 my body is n capable ( receiv+ all ! electric matt] f ! hook ( "o phial1 :i* x is ready to give2 nei!r c x give z mu* to ! coat+ ( ! o!r phial z x is ready to take1 :5 "o is only appli$ to me3 b :5 bo? are appli$1 ! coat+ takes f me :at ! hook gives3 ?us ,i receive ! fire f ! fir/ phial at ,b1 ! ext]ior surface ( :i* is suppli$ f ! h& at ,a3 ,i give ! fire to ! second phial at ,c1 ^: int]ior surface is dis*>g$ by ! h& at ,d4 ,?is dis*>ge at ,d may be made evid5t by receiv+ t fire into ! hook ( a ?ird phial1 :i* is done ?us3 ,9 place ( tak+ ! hook ( ! second phial 9 y\r h&1 run ! wire ( a ?ird phial1 prep>$ z = ! ,leyd5 exp]im5t1 ?r\gh x1 & hold ?is ?ird phial 9 y\r h&1 ! second "o hang+ to x1 by ! ends ( ! hooks run ?r\gh ea* o!r3 :5 ! exp]im5t is p]=m$1 ?is ?ird phial receives ! fire at ,d1 & w be *>g$4 ,illu/ration3 7( ! exp]im5t above7 ,:5 ?is exp]im5t is consid]$1 ,i ?9k1 x mu/ fully prove t ! ext]ior surface ( a *>g$ phial wants electric matt]1 :ile ! inn] surface has an excess ( x4 ,"o ?+ m wor?y ( notice 9 ?is exp]im5t is1 t ,i feel no commotion or %ock 9 my arms1 ?\gh s great a quantity ( electric matt] passes !m in/antane\sly3 ,i only feel a prick+ 9 ! ends ( my f+]s4 ,?is makes me ?9k ! ,abb has mi/ook1 :5 he says1 t !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 ! %ock felt 9 p]=m+ ! ,leyd5 exp]im5t1 & ! prick+ felt on draw+ simple sp>ks1 except t ( great] to less4 ,9 ! la/ exp]im5t1 z mu* electric matt] w5t ?r\gh my arms1 z w\ld h giv5 me a v s5sible %ock1 _h !re be5 an imm$iate communication1 by my arms1 f ! hook to ! coat+ ( ! same phial2 because :5 x 0 tak5 into a ?ird phial1 & t phial dis*>g$ s+ly ?r\gh my arms1 x gave me a s5sible %ock4 ,if ^! exp]im5ts prove t ! electric matt] does n pass ?r\gh ! entire ?ickness ( ! glass1 x is a necess>y consequ5ce t x mu/ always come out :]e x ent]$4 ,! next ?+ ,i meet ) is 9 ! ,abb's fif? lett]1 p4 #hh1 :]e he diff]s f ,mr4 ,frankl91 :o ?9ks t ! :ole p[] ( giv+ a %ock is 9 ! glass itself1 & n 9 ! non-electrics 9 contact ) x4 ,! exp]im5ts :i* ,mr4 ,frankl9 gave to prove ?is op9ion1 9 8 ,obs]vations on ! ,leyd5 ,bottle1 p4 #agi1 conv9c$ me t he 0 9 ! "r2 & :at ! ,abb has ass]t$1 9 contradiction !reto1 has n made me ?9k o!rwise4 ,! ,abb1 p]ceiv+1 z ,i suppose1 t ! exp]im5ts1 z ,mr4 ,frankl9 _h p]=m$ !m1 mu/ prove 8 ass]tion1 alt]s !m )\t giv+ any reason = x1 & makes !m 9 a mann] t proves no?+4 ,:y w he h ! phial1 into :i* !1 wat] is to be decant$ f a *>g$ phial1 held 9 a man's h&8 ,if ! p[] ( giv+ a %ock is 9 ! wat] conta9$ 9 ! phial1 x %\ld rema9 !re ?\gh decant$ into ano!r phial1 s9ce no non-electric body t\*$ x to take t p[] (f4 ,! phial be+ plac$ on wax is no objection1 = x _c take ! p[] f ! wat]1 if x _h any1 b x is a necess>y means to try ! fact2 :]eas1 t phial's be+ *>g$ :5 held 9 a man's h&1 only proves t wat] w conduct ! electric matt]4 ,! ,abb owns1 p4 #id1 t he _h he>d ?is rem>k$1 b says1 ,:y is n a conductor ( electricity an electric subject8 ,?is is n ! "q2 ,mr4 ,frankl9 nev] said t wat] 0 n an electric subject2 he said1 t ! p[] ( giv+ a %ock 0 9 ! glass1 & n 9 ! wat]2 & ?is1 8 exp]im5ts fully prove2 s fully1 t x may appe> imp]t95t to (f] any m3 yet z ,i d n "k t ! foll[+ has be5 tak5 notice ( by any body be=e1 my ins]t+ ( x 9 ?is place may be excus$4 ,x is ?is3 ,hang a phial1 prep>$ = ! ,leyd5 exp]im5t1 to ! conductor1 by its hook1 & *>ge x1 :i* done1 remove ! communication f ! bottom ( ! phial4 ,n[ ! conductor %ews evid5t signs ( be+ electris$2 = if a ?read be ti$ r\nd x1 & its ends left ab\t two in*es long1 !y w ext5d !mselves out l a pair ( horns2 b if y t\* ! conductor1 a sp>k w issue f x1 & ! ?reads w fall1 nor does ! conductor %ew ! lea/ sign ( be+ electris$ aft] ?is is done4 ,i ?9k t by ?is t\*1 ,i h tak5 out all ! *>ge ( electric matt] t 0 9 ! conductor1 ! hook ( ! phial1 & wat] or fil+s ( iron conta9$ 9 x2 :i* is no m ?an we see all non-electric bodies w receive3 yet ! glass ( ! phial reta9s its p[] ( giv+ a %ock1 z any "o w f9d t pleases to try4 ,?is exp]im5t fully evid5ces1 t ! wat] 9 ! phial conta9s no m electric matt] ?an x w\ld d 9 an op5 bason1 & has n any ( t great quantity :i* produces ! %ock1 & is only reta9$ by ! glass4 ,if aft] ! sp>k is drawn f ! conductor1 y t\* ! coat+ ( ! phial 7:i* all ?is :ile is suppos$ to hang 9 ! air1 free f any non-electric body7 ! ?reads on ! conductor w in/antly />t up1 & %ew t ! conductor is electris$4 ,x receives ?is electrisation f ! inn] surface ( ! phial1 :i*1 :5 ! out] surface c receive :at x wants f ! h& appli$ to x1 w give z mu* z ! bodies 9 contact ) x c receive1 or if !y be l>ge en\gh1 all t x has ( excess4 ,x is div]t+ to see h[ ! ?reads w rise & fall by t\*+ ! coat+ & conductor ( ! phial alt]nately4 ,may x n be t ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! *>g$ side ( ! glass1 & ! out] or empti$ side1 be+ less5$ by t\*+ ! hook or ! conductor2 ! out] side c receive f ! h& :i* t\*$ x1 & by its receiv+1 ! inn] side _c reta9 s mu*2 & = t reason s mu* z x _c conta9 electrises ! wat]1 or fil+s & conductor3 = x seems to be a rule1 t ! "o side mu/ be empti$ 9 ! same proportion t ! o!r is fill$3 ?\gh ?is f exp]im5t appe>s evid5t1 yet x is /ill a my/]y n to be acc\nt$ =4 ,i am 9 _m places ( ! ,abb's book surpris$ to f9d t exp]im5ts h succe$$ s diff]5tly at ,p>is1 f :at !y did ) ,mr4 ,frankl91 & z ,i h always obs]v$ !m to d4 ,! ,abb1 9 mak+ exp]im5ts to f9d ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two surfaces ( a *>g$ glass1 w n h ! phial plac$ on wax3 =1 says he1 don't y "k t be+ plac$ on a body orig9ally electric1 x quickly loses its virtue8 ,i _c imag9e :at %\ld h made ! ,abb ?9k s2 x c]ta9ly is contradictory to ! notions commonly receiv$ ( electrics p] se2 & by exp]im5t ,i f9d x entirely o!rwise3 = hav+ sev]al times left a *>g$ phial1 = t purpose1 /&+ on wax = h\rs1 ,i f\nd x to reta9 z mu* ( its *>ge z ano!r t /ood at ! same "t on a table4 ,i left "o /&+ on wax f t5 o'clock at night till eight ! next morn+1 :5 ,i f\nd x to reta9 a suffici5t quantity ( its *>ge1 to give me a s5sible commotion 9 my arms1 ?\gh ! room 9 :i* ! phial /ood _h be5 swept 9 t "t1 :i* mu/ h rais$ mu* du/ to facilitate ! dis*>ge ( ! phial4 ,i f9d t a cork-ball susp5d$ betwe5 two bottles1 ! "o fully & ! o!r b little *>g$1 w n play betwe5 !m1 b is driv5 into a situation t makes a triangle ) ! hooks ( ! phials3 ?\gh ! ,abb has ass]t$ ! contr>y ( ?is1 p4 #aja1 9 ord] to acc\nt = ! play+ ( a cork-ball betwe5 ! wire ?ru/ into ! phial1 & "o t rises up f its coat+4 ,! phial :i* is lea/ *>g$ mu/ h m electric matt] giv5 to x1 9 proportion to its bulk1 ?an ! cork-ball receives f ! hook ( ! full phial4 ,! ,abb says1 p4 #ajc1 ,t a piece ( metal leaf hung to a silk ?read & electris$1 w be repell$ by ! bottom ( a *>g$ phial held by its hook 9 ! air3 ?is ,i f9d con/antly o!rwise1 x is ) me always fir/ attract$ & !n repell$3 x is necess>y 9 *>g+ ! leaf to be c>eful1 t x does n fly (f to "s non-electric body1 & s dis*>ge itself :5 y ?9k x is *>g$2 x is difficult to keep x f fly+ to y\r own wri/1 or to "s "p ( y\r body4 ,! ,abb1 p4 #ajh1 says1 t x is n impossible1 z ,mr4 ,frankl9 says x is1 to *>ge a phial :ile !re is a communication =m$ betwe5 its coat+ & its hook4 ,i h always f\nd x impossible to *>ge su* a phial s z to give a %ock3 inde$1 if x hang on ! conductor )\t a communication f x1 y may draw a sp>k f x z y may f any body t hangs !re1 b ?is is v diff]5t f be+ *>g$ 9 su* a mann] z to give a %ock4 ,! ,abb1 9 ord] to acc\nt = ! little quantity ( electric matt] t is to be f\nd 9 ! phial1 says1 t x r foll[s ! metal ?an ! glass1 & t x is spew$ out into ! air f ! coat+ ( ! phial4 ,i wond] h[ x comes n to d s too1 :5 x sifts ?r\gh ! glass1 & *>ges ! ext]ior surface1 accord+ to ! ,abb's sy/em6 ,! ,abb's objections aga9/ ,mr4 ,frankl9's two la/ exp]im5ts1 ,i ?9k1 h little weight 9 !m3 he seems1 inde$1 mu* at a loss :at to say1 :]e=e he taxes ,mr4 ,frankl9 ) hav+ conceal$ a mat]ial "p ( ! exp]im5t2 a ?+ too mean = any g5tleman to be *>g$ )1 :o has n %[n z great a p>tiality 9 relat+ exp]im5ts1 z ! ,abb has done4 ,,end ,,( ,,volume ,,! ,,fir/4 ,j4 ,,cundee1 ,,pr9t]1 ,,ivy-,,lane4 ,,index4 ,a4 ,acc5t1 or emphasis1 wrong plac+ (1 a fault 9 mod]n tunes1 ii4 #cde4 ,accid5ts at sea1 h[ to gu>d aga9/1 ii4 #agb4 ,adams1 ,mr4 ,mat!w1 (f]s ! use ( 8 libr>y to ,frankl91 i4 #af4 ,addison1 ,frankl9 an assidu\s imitator (1 9 8 y\?1 i4 #ac4 ,advice to y\? 9 read+1 ii4 #cgh4 to emigrants to ,am]ica1 iii4 #cih4 to a crafty /atesman1 #dcj4 to a "y tradesman1 #dfc4 to a "y m>ri$ man1 #dgg4 to play]s at *ess1 #dij4 p9us1 8 hypo!sis ( magnetism1 i4 #dab4 ,agriculture takes place ( manufactures till a c\ntry is fully settl$1 iii4 #ajg4 ! great bus9ess ( ,am]ica1 #cic4 ,air1 "s ( ! prop]ties (1 ii4 #bbf4 its prop]ties ) respect to electricity1 i4 #bjd4 prop]ties ( its p>ticles1 #bje4 ii4 #a4 its curr5ts ov] ! globe1 i4 #bjg4 resi/s ! electric fluid & conf9es x to bodies1 #bda4 its effects 9 electrical exp]im5ts1 #bec4 its ela/icity n affect$ by electricity1 #bed4 its friction aga9/ trees1 #bgj1 #cbc4 has its %>e ( electricity1 #ccc4 its electricity d5s] above ?an bel[1 #cce4 9 rooms1 electrifi$ positively & negatively1 #cec4 attracts wat]1 ii4 #a4 :5 saturat$ ) wat] precipitates x1 #b4 dissolves wat]1 &1 :5 dry1 oil1 #d4 :y suffocat+1 :5 impregnat$ ) oil or grease1 ibid4 supports wat]1 #e1 #df1 #di4 :y less heat$ 9 ! high] regions ?an ne> ! e>?'s surface1 #f4 h[ x creates hurricanes1 ibid4 w9ds1 #h4 :irlw9ds1 #aj4 effects ( heat ^u1 #ej4 its effects on ! b>omet]1 #ib4 cond5s$1 suppos$ to =m ! c5tre ( ! e>?1 #aai1 #abg4 noxi\s1 correct$ by vegetation1 #abi4 obs]vations on ! free use (1 #bac4 r>e1 no bad conductor ( s\nd1 #ccg4 fre%1 b5eficial effects (1 9 b$-rooms1 iii4 #die4 ,air-!rmomet]1 electrical1 exp]im5ts )1 i4 #ccf4 ,albany plan ( union1 %ort acc\nt (1 i4 #abg4 its s+ul> fate1 #abi4 pap]s relat+ to1 iii4 #c4 motives on :i* =m$1 #d4 rejects p>tial unions1 #f4 its presid5t & gr& c\ncil1 #i4 election ( memb]s1 #ab4 place ( fir/ meet+1 #ac4 new election1 ibid4 proportion ( memb]s aft] ?ree ye>s1 #ae4 meet+s ( ! gr& c\ncil & call1 #af4 all[ance to memb]s1 #ag4 p[] ( presid5t & 8 duty1 #ah4 treaties ( peace & w>1 ibid4 ,indian trade & pur*ases1 #ai4 new settlem5ts1 #ba4 milit>y e/abli%m5ts1 #bc4 laws & taxes1 #bd1 #bf4 issu+ ( money1 #be4 appo9tm5t ( (fic]s1 #bg4 reject$ 9 ,engl&1 #bi4 ,almanack4 ,see ,poor ,ri*>d4 ,alphabet1 a new "o propos$1 ii4 #ceg4 examples ( writ+ 9 x1 #cfj4 correspond5ce on its m]its1 #cfa4 ,amb]1 electrical exp]im5ts on1 i4 #djc4 ,am]ica1 ,nor?1 air (1 dri] ?an t ( ,engl& & ,france1 ii4 #adj4 :y m>riages are m frequ5t !re ?an 9 ,europe1 #che4 :y lab\r w long cont9ue de> !re1 ibid4 argum5t aga9/ ! union ( ! colonies (1 "u "o gov]nm5t1 #dja4 /ate ( tol]ation !re1 #deg4 reflections on ! s*eme ( impos+ taxes on1 )\t its cons5t1 iii4 #cj4 ?\ghts on ! repres5tation (1 9 ! ,briti% p>liam5t1 #cg4 int]e/ ( ,great ,brita9 ) reg>d to1 #ci4 =ts 9 ! back settlem5ts (1 no security aga9/ ,france1 #ii4 w>s c>ri$ on !re aga9/ ! ,fr5*1 n m]ely 9 ! cause ( ! colonies1 #aje4 pref]5ce ( ! colonies (1 to ! ,we/ ,indian colonies1 #aac4 great navigable riv]s (1 fav\rable to inl& trade1 #aah4 :at commodities ! inl& p>ts (1 are fitt$ to produce1 #aai4 ! productions (1 d n int]f]e ) ^? ( ,brita91 #abc4 union ( ! colonies (1 9 a revolt aga9/ ,brita91 impossible b f griev\s oppression1 #acb4 reasons giv5 = re/ra9+ pap]-bills ( cr$it !re1 #add4 int5d$ s*eme ( a bank !re1 describ$1 #aee4 attempts ( ,frankl9 = conciliation ( ,brita9 )1 #bhf4 feel+ (1 z to ,brita91 9 ,may #agge1 #cdf4 conciliation ( ,brita9 )1 hopeless1 #cee4 acc\nt ( ! fir/ campaign ( ! ,briti% =ces aga9/1 #ceg4 application (1 to =eign c\rts1 = aid 9 its indep5d5ce1 #cfj4 cr$it (1 ) t ( ,brita91 9 #aggg1 comp>$1 #cgb4 true description ( ! int]e/ & policy (1 #cia4 in=mation to ^? emigrat+ ?i!r1 #cih4 t]ms on :i* l& may be obta9$ = new settlem5ts !re1 #dji4 ,am]icans1 _! prejudices = :atev] is ,engli%1 i4 #add4 ,an*or1 a swimm+ "o propos$1 ii4 #aha1 #ahe4 ,anci5ts1 _! exp]im5tal le>n+ too (t5 slight$1 ii4 #adf4 ,anecdote ( ,frankl9's e>ly _s ( ent]prise1 i4 #aa4 ( a ,sw$i% cl]gyman among ! ,indians1 iii4 #chf4 ( an ,indian :o w5t to *ur*1 #chi4 ,animal food1 ,frankl9's ab/95ce f1 i4 #bj4 return to1 #dg4 humor\s in/ance ( ab/95ce f1 #di4 heat1 :5ce x arises1 ii4 #gi1 #abe4 magnetism1 detect$ & expos$1 i4 #aej4 ,animalcules1 suppos$ to cause ! lum9\s appe>ance ( sea-wat]1 ii4 #hi4 ,animals1 h[ to kill !m by electricity1 i4 #dae4 ,antif$]ali/s ( ,am]ica1 comp>ison (1 to ! anci5t ,jews1 iii4 #daj4 ,appr5tices easi] plac$ out 9 ,am]ica ?an 9 ,europe1 iii4 #djg4 ind5tures (1 h[ made 9 ,am]ica1 #djh4 ,argum5tation1 bad effects (1 z a habit1 i4 #ag4 be/ me?od (1 #bb4 ,armies1 be/ means ( support+ !m1 ii4 #djj4 ,armonica1 musical in/rum5t s call$1 describ$1 ii4 #ccj4 mann] ( play+ on x1 #ccd4 ,asbe/os1 specim5 (1 sold by ,frankl9 to ,sir ,hans ,sloane1 i4 #fj4 lett] relat+ to x1 iii4 #eac4 ,a/rology1 lett] to ! ,busy-body on1 iii4 #ddh4 ,atmosph]e sometimes d5s] above ?an bel[1 ii4 #f4 electrical1 its prop]ties1 i4 #bid4 ,aurora borealis expla9$1 i4 #bab4 conjectures respect+1 #beg1 ii4 #fi4 qu]y conc]n+1 i4 #bic4 ,b4 ,bado91 ,mr4 lett]s f1 i4 #cad1 #cbd4 ,ballads1 two1 writt5 by ,frankl9 9 8 y\?1 i4 #af4 ,balls ( fire 9 ! air1 rem>k conc]n+1 ii4 #ccg4 ,b>omet]1 h[ act$ on by air1 ii4 #ib4 ,b>rels = gunp[d]1 new sort propos$1 i4 #cgf4 ,bass1 unnecess>y 9 "s tunes1 ii4 #cdc4 ,ba?+ relieves ?ir/1 ii4 #ajd4 obs]vations on1 #baa4 ,batt]y1 electrical1 its con/ruction1 i4 #aic4 ,baxt]1 ,mr4 obs]vations on 8 enquiry into ! nature ( ! s\l1 ii4 #aaj4 ,becc>ia1 "* ( 8 book on electricity1 i4 #caj4 ,be]1 n conducive to bodily /r5g?1 i4 #fb4 ,bells1 =m 9 consecrat+ !m at ,p>is1 i4 #chd4 ,belly-a*e1 dry1 lead a cause (1 ii4 #bbj4 ,b]muda1 little ?und] !re1 i4 #baf4 ,b]mudian sloops1 advantages ( _! con/ruction1 ii4 #agc4 ,b]n\lli1 ,mr4 8 plan = mov+ boats1 ii4 #agi4 ,bevis1 ,dr4 draws electricity f ! cl\ds1 i4 #dbi4 ,bible1 anecdote ( its concealm5t 9 ! reign ( ,m>y1 i4 #g4 trave/i$ by ,dr4 ,br[n1 #ca4 ,bills ( mortality1 reason+s1 =m$ on ^? = capital cities1 n applicable to ! c\ntry1 ii4 #chc4 ,bir?1 noble1 no qualification 9 ,am]ica1 iii4 #djj4 ,bi%ops1 none 9 ,am]ica1 & :y1 ii4 #def1 #deh4 ,black clo!s heat m & dry soon] ?an :ite1 ii4 #ajh4 n fit = hot climates1 #aji4 ,blacksmi?1 trade (1 h]$it>y 9 ,frankl9's family1 i4 #d4 ,bl9dness occasion$ bo? by lightn+ & electricity1 i4 #bbh4 ,boats1 diff]5ce ( _! sail+ 9 %oal & deep wat]1 ii4 #afj4 managem5t (1 be/ und]/ood by savages1 #agf4 h[ r[$ by ! ,*9ese1 #agg4 me?ods ( mov+ !m by ma*9]y1 ibid4 improvem5t ( ,mr4 ,b]n\lli's plan = mov+ !m1 #agi4 proposal = a new mode ( mov+ !m1 ibid4 d\ble1 advantage (1 #agc1 #agd4 "o built by ,sir ,w4 ,petty1 ibid4 ,bodies1 electrifi$ negatively1 repel ea* o!r1 ii4 #bid4 effect ( blunt1 comp>$ ) po9t$ ones1 i4 #agb1 #bbc4 ,body1 human1 specifically light] ?an wat]1 ii4 #bjh4 political & human1 comp>$1 iii4 #aae4 ,bo]haave1 8 op9ion ( ! propagation ( heat1 ii4 #eh4 ( /eam f f]m5t+ liquors1 #ei4 ,boil+ wat]1 exp]im5ts )1 i4 #ccb1 #cdd1 #cde4 pot1 bottom (1 :y cold1 #chg4 ,bolton1 ,mr4 exp]im5t by1 i4 #cdf4 ,books read by ,frankl9 9 8 y\?1 i4 #ae1 #ah1 #bj1 #ba4 ,bo/on1 ! bir?-place ( ,frankl91 i4 #h4 :y quitt$ by him 9 8 y\?1 #bg1 its inhabitants decrease1 ii4 #baj4 preface to proce$+s ( ! t[n meet+ (1 iii4 #cag4 ,boyle's lectures1 effect (1 on ,frankl91 i4 #gi4 ,braddock1 g5]al1 defeat (1 i4 #aca4 ,brad=d1 pr9t] at ,philadelphia1 i4 #cd1 #ajb4 ,brass1 hot1 yields un:olesome /eams1 ii4 #bdi ,bri5tnal1 ,joseph1 a memb] ( ! ,junto club1 i4 #hc4 ,brim/one1 :5 fluid1 w conduct electricity1 i4 #bef4 ,bri/ol wat]s1 an all$g$ fact conc]n+1 ii4 #ie4 ,brita91 incapacity (1 to supply ! colonies ) manufactures1 ii4 #chf4 ,briti% empire1 an union ( sev]al /ates1 iii4 #caj4 ,br[n1 ,dr4 acqua9tance ( ,frankl9's1 i4 #cj4 trave/i$ ! bible1 #ca4 ,bubbles on ! surface ( wat]1 hypo!sis respect+1 ii4 #dh4 ,bu*an1 e>l (1 lett] to1 on ! price ( l& = new settlem5ts 9 ,am]ica1 iii4 #dji4 ,build+s1 :at k9d safe/ f lightn+1 i4 #cgi4 ,bullion1 causes ( its v>iation 9 price1 iii4 #aec4 ,bunyan's ,voyages1 a book e>ly read by ,frankl91 i4 #ae1 #bh4 ,bur1 cause (1 r\nd a hole /ruck ?r\gh pa/ebo>d1 i4 #bhj4 ,burnet1 gov]nor1 8 att5tion to ,frankl9 9 8 y\?1 i4 #dd4 ,busy-body1 essays "u ! title (1 i4 #hf4 iii4 #dbb4 ,c4 ,cab9et-"w1 v5e]$ 9 ,engl&1 %r9ks & flies 9 ,am]ica1 ii4 #adj4 ,cables1 :y apt to "p :5 weigh+ an*or 9 a swell1 ii4 #afg4 ?is defect (1 rem$i$1 #afh4 ,cabot1 ,seba/ian1 8 commission f ,h5ry ,,vii41 iii4 #cdh4 ,calv9ism1 ,frankl9 educat$ 9 ! pr9ciples (1 i4 #gi4 ,campaign 9 ,am]ica1 acc\nt ( ! fir/1 iii4 #ceg4 ,canals1 obs]vations on _! dep?1 ii4 #aei4 ,canada1 importance (1 to ,engl&1 i4 #acf4 visit$ by ,frankl91 #adg4 its ext5t1 iii4 #bj4 pamphlet on ! importance (1 #hi4 easily peopl$ )\t dra9+ ,brita91 #aci4 ,canc]s1 specific =1 i4 #bfj1 #bfa4 ,c&les light$ by electricity1 i4 #agf4 di/ance at :i* ! flame (1 may be se51 ii4 #ij4 ,cann1 silv]1 a s+ul> exp]im5t on1 i4 #cjg4 ,canoes ( ! ,am]ican ,indians1 _! advantages1 ii4 #agf4 ,canton1 ,mr4 ,john1 exp]im5ts by1 i4 #bhf1 #cdf4 draws electricity f ! cl\ds1 #dbh4 ,capitals1 _! use 9 pr9t+1 ii4 #ceb4 ,c>ibbees1 possession (1 only a tempor>y b5efit1 iii4 #adb4 ,c>ol9a1 ,s\?1 see ,lightn+4 ,cav5di%1 "l ,*>les1 8 electrical exp]im5ts1 i4 #cdh4 ,cay5ne w\ld be a great acquisition to ,brita91 iii4 #adj4 ,c5tre ( ! e>?1 hypo!sis conc]n+1 ii4 #aai1 #abg4 ,cessions f an enemy1 on :at gr\nds may be dem&$1 iii4 #ic4 ,*apel1 nickname = a pr9t+ h\se1 i4 #fc4 ,"*1 rem>ks on ! del9eation (1 iii4 #dde4 ,*>coal-fires1 hurtful1 ii4 #bce4 ,*>g+ & dis*>g+1 9 electricity1 expla9$1 i4 #aij4 a numb] ( bottles at once1 h[ done1 ibid4 ,*>t]s ( ! colonies c\ld n be alt]$ by p>liam5t1 iii4 #ccb4 ,*ess1 morals (1 iii4 #dhh4 n an idle amusem5t1 ibid4 tea*es v>i\s virtues1 #dhi4 advice to ^? :o play1 #dij4 too int5se an application to1 injuri\s1 #ejj4 ,*imnies1 diff]5t k9ds (1 enum]at$1 ii4 #bbh4 inconv5i5ce ( ! old-fa%ion$ ones1 #bbi4 defect ( m mod]n ones1 #bcj4 h n long be5 9 use 9 ,engl&1 #bgg4 ,/af=d%ire1 describ$1 #bhe4 h a draft ( air up & d[n1 #bhi4 may be us$ = keep+ provisions 9 summ]1 #bij4 may be ( use to m9]s1 #bia4 funnels to1 :at ! be/1 #bib1 #bie4 me?od ( contract+ !m1 #cag4 smoky4 ,see ,smoky4 ,*9a1 provision made !re aga9/ fam9e1 ii4 #djg4 ,*9ese wisely divide ! holds ( _! vessels by p>titions1 ii4 #aga4 h[ !y r[ _! boats1 #agg4 _! me?od ( w>m+ gr\nd floors1 #bib4 improvem5t 9 ?is me?od sugge/$1 #bic4 _! me?od ( mak+ l>ge pap]1 #cdi4 ,circle1 magical1 acc\nt (1 ii4 #cbg1 #cbh4 ,cities1 spr+ wat] gradually det]iorates 91 i4 #afc4 d n supply !mselves ) inhabitants1 ii4 #chd4 ,cl>k1 ,dr4 ( ,bo/on1 quot$1 on ! in/igation ( ! ,am]ican ,indians aga9/ ! ,engli%1 iii4 #ie1 #ajj1 #ajb4 ,clo!s1 wet1 may pres]ve f lightn+1 i4 #bac4 w relieve ?ir/1 ii4 #ajd4 d n give colds1 ibid4 imbibe heat accord+ to _! col\r1 #ajh4 :ite1 mo/ suitable = hot climates1 ibid4 ,clo?+ does n give1 b pres]ves1 w>m?1 ii4 #ha4 ,cl\ds1 at l& & at sea1 diff]5ce betwe51 i4 #bjg4 =m$ at sea1 h[ br\ght to ra9 on l&1 #bjh4 driv5 aga9/ m\nta9s1 =m spr+s & riv]s1 #bji4 pass+ diff]5t ways1 acc\nt$ =1 #baa4 electrical1 attract$ by trees1 spires1 c4 #bac4 mann] 9 :i* !y become electris$1 #beg1 #cje4 are electris$ sometimes negatively & sometimes positively1 #bgd1 #bgg1 #bhd1 #bib4 electricity drawn f !m1 at ,m>ly1 #dbj4 by ,mr4 ,cauton1 #dbh4 by ,dr4 ,bevis1 #dbi1 by ,mr4 ,wilson1 ibid4 h[ support$ 9 air1 ii4 #e4 h[ =m$1 #g4 :e!r w9ds are g5]at$ or c be conf9$ 9 !m1 #eg4 h little m solidity ?an fogs1 ibid4 ,club1 call$ ! ,junto1 in/itut$ by ,frankl91 i4 #hb4 rules (1 ii4 #cff1 #cfi4 que/ions discuss$ 91 #cfi4 ,coal1 sea1 lett] on ! nature (1 ii4 #abh4 ,cold1 :y seem+ly great] 9 metals ?an 9 wood1 ii4 #ef1 #gg4 s5sation (1 h[ produc$1 #eg4 only ! abs5ce ( heat1 #ha4 produc$ by *emical mixtures1 ibid4 evaporation4 ,see ,evaporation4 ,cold51 ,mr4 8 rem>ks on ,abb ,nollet's lett]s1 i4 #dcj4 meteorological obs]vations1 ii4 #ea4 obs]vations on wat]-sp\ts1 #ec4 ,colds1 causes (1 ii4 #bad1 #bcj4 ,coleman1 ,william1 a memb] ( ! ,junto club1 i4 #hd1 #hi4 ,colica pictorum1 caus$ by lead1 ii4 #bai4 ,coll9s1 ,john1 an e>ly fri5d ( ,frankl9's1 i4 #ag1 #bg1 #da1 #dc1 #dd4 ,coll9son1 ,mr4 "s acc\nt (1 iii4 #ead4 ,colonial gov]nm5ts 9 ,am]ica ( ?ree k9ds1 iii4 #ej4 ,colonies1 ! settlem5t (1 does n dim9i% national numb]s1 ii4 #cia4 _! prosp]ity b5eficial to ! "m c\ntry1 iii4 #aac4 are intitl$ to di/9ct gov]nm5ts1 #cjc4 ,am]ican1 pref]able to ! ,we/ ,indies1 ibid4 n dang]\s to ,brita91 #acb4 aids to gov]nm5t1 h[ giv5 by1 #bbe1 #bbf4 orig9ally gov]n$ by ! cr[n1 indep5d5t ( ,p>liam5t1 #bia4 n settl$ at ! exp5ce ( ,brita91 #cdh4 ,coloni/s 9 ,am]ica1 d\ble _! numb] 9 #be ye>s1 iii4 #aac4 f ,brita91 _! rights1 #bii4 ,col\rs4 ,see ,clo!s4 ,comazants1 or corposants1 are electrical appe>ances1 i4 #bdh4 ,comm]ce1 influ5ce (1 on ! mann]s ( a p1 ii4 #djj4 is be/ enc\rag$ by be+ left free1 #dae4 %\ld n be prohibit$ 9 "t ( w>1 #dag4 by inl& c>riage1 h[ support$1 iii4 #aaf4 ,common-s5se1 by ,pa9e1 ,frankl9 suppos$ to h contribut$ to1 i4 #adh4 ,compass1 in/ances ( its los+ its virtue by lightn+1 i4 #bdh4 h[ to rem$y ! want (1 at sea1 ii4 #aia4 ,conductors ( lightn+1 v common 9 ,am]ica1 i4 #aac4 fir/ sugge/ion ( ! utility (1 #bbg4 con/ruction (1 #ceh4 p>ticul>s relat+ to1 #cgg4 ( electricity1 diff]5ce 9 ! action (1 #bjj1 #cjc4 :i* ! mo/ p]fect1 #bec1 #bef4 & non-conductors1 o!r t]ms sub/itut$ =1 ibid4 ( common fire1 _! prop]ties & diff]5ces1 ii4 #gf1 #gg4 exp]im5ts on1 ii4 #gg4 ,congress1 ,frankl9 appo9t$ a delegate to1 i4 #adf4 propos$ ov]ture f1 9 #agge1 iii4 #cdg4 ,consecration ( bells 9 ,france1 =m (1 i4 #chd4 ,conspirators1 electrical1 mean+ ( ! t]m1 i4 #aif4 ,controv]sy1 b5efit (1 iii4 #ib4 ,conv]sation1 advantage ( useful topics (1 at d9n]1 i4 #ab4 ,cook1 capta91 circul> lett] conc]n+1 iii4 #eae4 copy ( ! voyages (1 pres5t$ to ,frankl91 by ! ,admiralty1 #eag4 ,cook]y1 at sea1 g5]ally bad1 ii4 #aid4 ,copp]1 mann] ( cov]+ h\ses )1 ii4 #cah1 #cbj1 #cbb4 ,copp] plate pr9t+-press1 ! fir/ 9 ,am]ica1 con/ruct$ by ,frankl91 i4 #gg4 ,corn1 ill policy ( lay+ re/ra9ts on ! exportation (1 ii4 #dac1 #dah4 ,c\ntries1 di/ant & unprovid$1 a plan = b5efit+1 ii4 #djc4 ,creation1 conjectures z to1 ii4 #aah4 ,cr$it1 t ( ,am]ica & ,brita9 9 #aggg1 comp>$1 iii4 #cgb4 dep5ds on paym5t ( loans1 #cgc4 indu/ry & frugality1 #cgd4 public _s1 #cge4 income & security1 #cgf4 prospects ( future ability1 ibid4 prud5ce1 #cgg4 "* = hone/y1 #cgh4 is money to a tradesman1 #dfd4 ,crim9al laws1 reflections on1 ii4 #dci4 ,crook$ direction ( lightn+ expla9$1 i4 #caf4 ,cutl]1 circum/ance t prev5t$ ,frankl9's be+ appr5tic$ to "o1 i4 #ad4 ,curr5ts at sea1 (t5 n p]ceivable1 ii4 #ahe4 ,cyd]1 ! be/ qu5*] ( ?ir/1 ii4 #aie4 ,d4 ,dalrymple1 ,mr4 s*eme ( a voyage "u 8 comm& to b5efit remote regions1 ii4 #djc4 ,damp air1 :y m *ill+ ?an dry air t is cold]1 ii4 #ef1 #gg4 ,dampi]1 acc\nt ( a wat]-sp\t by1 ii4 #cc4 ref]5ces to 8 voyage1 on ! subject ( wat]-sp\ts1 #eh4 ,dampness on walls1 cause (1 ii4 #ej4 ,day-light1 proposal to use x in/ead ( c&le-light1 iii4 #dgj4 ,deacon1 ,isaac1 f an und]l+ to a surveyor1 becomes inspector- g5]al ( ,am]ica1 i4 #gh4 progno/icates ! future em95ce 9 life ( ,frankl91 ib4 ,dea? ( ,frankl91 i4 #aec4 lett] f ,dr4 ,price on1 iii4 #eda4 ( relatives1 reflections on1 #ejg4 ,deism1 effects on ,frankl9 ( books writt5 aga9/1 i4 #gi4 ,deluge1 acc\nt$ =1 ii4 #abg4 ,d5ham1 a quak]1 a fri5d ( ,frankl9's1 i4 #ed4 extraord9>y trait ( hone/y (1 to 8 cr$itors1 #fg4 ,frankl9's engagem5t )1 z a cl]k1 #fh1 #gj4 ,d5m>k1 ! p (1 n subject to colds1 ii4 #bdd4 ,d5ny1 gov]nor1 rem>ks on 8 (ficial conduct 9 ,p5sylvania1 iii4 #agj4 ,desaquili]s1 8 exp]im5t on ! vap\r ( hot iron1 ii4 #bdi4 ,dew1 h[ produc$1 i4 #bjg4 ,dialogue1 betwe5 ,frankl9 & ! g\t1 iii4 #dii4 ,dick5son1 ,mr4 8 rem>ks on ! views ( ,engl& 9 fram+ laws ov] ! colonies1 iii4 #bcd4 rem>ks on 8 conduct1 #aib4 on 8 prote/1 #bjb4 ,discont5t$ dispositions satiriz$1 iii4 #dhe4 ,discont5ts 9 ,am]ica be=e #agfh1 causes (1 iii4 #bbe4 ,diss5tions betwe5 ,engl& & ,am]ica1 lett] on1 iii4 #caj4 ,diss]tation1 e>ly "o ( ,frankl9's1 t he rep5t$ hav+ writt51 i4 #eh4 ,disputation1 mode/y 91 recomm5d$1 i4 #ba4 ii4 #cag4 ,disputes betwe5 ,frankl9 & 8 bro!r1 to :om he 0 appr5tic$1 i4 #bd4 ,domi51 a travell]1 %ort acc\nt (1 i4 #cjb4 ,drawl+1 a defect 9 mod]n tunes1 ii4 #cde4 ,dreams1 art ( procur+ pleasant ones1 iii4 #dic4 ,dumas1 ,monsieur1 lett] to1 on ! aid want$ by ,am]ica 9 h] /ruggle = indep5d5ce1 iii4 #cfj4 ,duna riv]1 n to be conf\nd$ ) ! ,dw9a1 iii4 #aai1 note4 ,du/1 h[ rais$ & c>ri$ up into ! air1 ii4 #c4 ,duties1 moral1 ! k (1 m important ?an ! k ( nature1 ii4 #ie4 ,dut* iron /ove1 advantages & defects (1 ii4 #bcc4 ,e4 ,e>ly impressions1 la/+ effect (1 on ! m9d1 iii4 #dgh4 ,e>? w dissolve 9 air1 ii4 #b4 dry1 w n conduct electricity1 i4 #bjf4 !1 sometimes /rikes lightn+ into ! cl\ds1 #bgd4 gr[s no hott] "u ! summ] sun1 :y1 ii4 #hf4 diff]5t /rata (1 #aaf4 !ory (1 #aag4 ,e>?quakes1 g5]al good aris+ f1 ii4 #aaf4 h[ occasion$1 #abj1 #abh4 ,eaton1 9 ,nor?ampton%ire1 resid5ce ( ,frankl9's family1 i4 #c4 ,ebb & flood1 explanation ( ! t]ms1 ii4 #ajj4 ,economical project1 iii4 #dfi4 ,ed9burgh1 an ord9ance !re aga9/ ! pur*ase ( prize-goods1 ii4 #ddg4 ,education ( wom51 controv]sy respect+1 i4 #ag4 ,eel1 electrical1 ( ,sur9am1 i4 #djh1 #dji4 ,effluvia ( drugs1 c4 w n pass ?r\gh glass1 i4 #bdc4 ,electrical air-!rmomet] describ$1 i4 #ccf1 et seq4 atmosph]e1 h[ produc$1 #bba4 h[ drawn (f1 #bbb4 atmosph]es repel ea* o!r1 #bid4 repel electric matt] 9 o!r bodies1 ib4 batt]y1 its con/ruction1 #aic4 cl\ds1 exp]im5t reg>d+1 #bbi4 dea?1 ! easie/1 #cjg4 exp]im5ts1 ,frankl9's eag] pursuit (1 #ajd4 made 9 ,france1 #aji4 v>i\s1 #ahb1 #bbi1 #bed1 #bee1 #bfa1 #bga1 #bgh1 #bhf1 #bid1 #cjg1 #cbg1 #ccg1 #cdh1 #cga1 #dcd4 fire1 n creat$ by friction1 b collect$1 #agc4 passes ?r\gh wat]1 #bjb4 loves wat] & subsi/s 9 x1 #bjc4 diffus$ ?r\gh all matt]1 #bje visible on ! surface ( ! sea1 ibid4 its prop]ties & uses1 #bad1 et seq4 produces common fire1 #bad1 #bch1 #cef4 has ! same crook$ direction z lightn+1 #cae4 fluid1 its b5eficial uses1 #bai4 is /rongly attract$ by glass1 #bcf4 mann] ( its act+ ?r\gh glass h]metically seal$1 #bda4 a c]ta9 quantity (1 9 all k9ds ( matt]1 #bge4 nature ( its explosion1 #bhj4 *ooses ! be/ conductor1 #bha1 #cgh4 =ce1 may be unb\nd$ly increas$1 #bea4 horse-race1 #ccd4 jack = roa/+1 #aig4 kiss1 its =ce increas$1 #agg4 kite1 describ$1 #bfh4 ma*9e2 simple & portable "o1 describ$1 #agh4 matt]1 its prop]ties1 #bag1 #bid4 p>ty ( pleasure1 #bjb4 phial1 or ,leyd5 bottle1 its ph5om5a expla9$1 #agi4 %ock1 obs]vations on1 #ahb4 effects ( a /rong "o on ! human body1 #big1 #cjf4 sp>k1 p]=ates a quire ( pap]1 #aie4 :eel1 its con/ruction1 #aif4 self-mov+ "o1 #aih4 ,electricity1 summ>y ( its progress1 i4 #ajd4 positive & negative1 discov]$1 #ajf4 di/+ui%$1 #age4 9 a t\rmal91 #cgj4 does n affect ! ela/icity ( ! air1 #bed4 its simil>ity to lightn+1 #bhh4 its effects on p>alysis1 #dja4 ( fogs 9 ,irel&1 #dje4 suppos$ aff9ity betwe51 & magnetism1 #daj4 ,electrics p] se & non-electrics1 diff]5ce betwe51 i4 #bdb1 #beh4 ,electrifi$ bump]s describ$1 i4 #bjc4 ,electrisation1 :at con/itutes ! /ate (1 i4 #bah4 v>i\s appe>ances (1 #age4 v>iety (1 #agf4 ,electris+ "o's self1 mann] (1 i4 #agd4 ,elocution1 h[ be/ taught1 ii4 #cgd4 ,embassador f ! ,unit$ ,/ates to ,france1 ,frankl9 appo9t$ to ! (fice (1 i4 #adh4 ,emblematical design illu/rative ( ! ,am]ican tr\bles1 iii4 #cga4 ,emigrants to ,am]ica1 advice to1 iii4 #cih4 ,empire1 rules = r$uc+ a great "o1 iii4 #ccd4 ,engl&1 ,frankl9's fir/ arrival 91 i4 #ee4 second arrival 91 z ag5t = ! prov9ce ( ,p5sylvania1 #acd4 ?ird arrival 91 z ag5t = ! same prov9ce1 #ada4 its air moi/] ?an t ( ,am]ica1 ii4 #adj4 decrease ( population 91 d\btful1 #bif4 ,engli%1 effect ( ! anci5t mann]s (1 ii4 #cii4 language1 innovations 91 #cea4 ,ent]prises1 public1 ,frankl9's e>ly disposition =1 i4 #aj4 ,ephem]a1 an emblem ( human life1 iii4 #ejh4 ,epitaph on ,frankl9's p>5ts1 i4 #ac4 on himself1 #aee4 ,episcopalians1 conduct ( ! ,am]ican legislature t[>ds1 ii4 #dee4 ,errors ( ,frankl9's e>ly life1 i4 #de1 #eh1 #fa1 #hj1 #ig4 ,e!r1 :at1 ii4 #ei4 ,evaporation1 cold produc$ by1 i4 #cdd1 ii4 #gf1 #hc1 #he4 ( riv]s1 effects (1 #ajf4 ,exam9ation ( ,frankl9 be=e ! h\se ( commons1 i4 #adb1 iii4 #bde4 be=e ! privy c\ncil1 #cbh4 fur!r p>ticul>s (1 #eea4 ,ex*ange1 rate (1 betwe5 ,philadelphia & ,brita91 iii4 #beb4 ,ex]cise1 %\ld prec$e meals1 iii4 #dic4 ,exp]im5ts1 to %[ ! electrical effect ( po9ts1 i4 #aga1 #agb4 to prove ! electrical /ate ( ! ,leyd5 phial1 #ahb4 ( fir+ spirits by a sp>k s5t ?r\gh a riv]1 #bjb4 to %[ h[ ?und]-/orms produce ra91 #bji4 on ! cl\ds1 propos$1 #bbh4 on drugs electrifi$1 #bdc4 on ! ela/icity ( ! air1 #bed4 on ! electric fluid1 #bee4 by ,mr4 ,k5n]sley1 #bfa4 on ! electricity ( ! cl\ds1 #bga4 = increas+ electricity1 #bgh4 by ,mr4 ,canton1 #bhf4 9 pursuance ( ^? ( ,mr4 ,canton1 #bid4 on a silv] cann1 #cjg4 on ! velocity ( ! electric fluid1 #cbg1 #cbi1 #ccj4 = produc+ cold by evaporation1 #cdd4 on ! diff]5t effects ( electricity1 #ceg4 by "l ,*>les ,cav5di%1 #cdh4 on ! t\rmal91 #cga4 to %[ ! utility ( long po9t$ rods to h\ses1 #chi4 on amb]1 #djc et seq4 on ! ,leyd5 phial1 #dcd4 on diff]5t col\r$ clo?s1 ii4 #ajh1 #aji4 on ! sail+ ( boats1 #afj4 ,exportation ( gold & silv]1 obs]vations on1 ii4 #daf4 ,exports to ,nor? ,am]ica & ! ,we/ ,indies1 iii4 #abg1 #abh4 to ,p5sylvania1 #abi1 #bej4 f ditto1 #bej4 ,eye1 reta9s ! images ( lum9\s objects1 ii4 #cdj4 ,f4 ,facts1 %\ld be asc]ta9$ be=e we attempt to acc\nt = !m1 ii4 #if4 ,family ( ,frankl91 acc\nt (1 i4 #e4 et seq4 ,fam9e1 h[ provid$ aga9/ 9 ,*9a1 ii4 #djg4 ,fann+1 h[ x cools1 ii4 #hg4 ,f>m]s1 remon/rance 9 behalf (1 ii4 #dbj4 ,f$]al con/itution1 spee* on1 iii4 #daf4 ,felons1 transportation (1 to ,am]ica1 highly disagreeable to ! inhabitants1 iii4 #bce4 ,f]m5t+ liquors1 _! /eam delet]i\s1 ii4 #ei4 ,fire1 n de/roy$ by wat]1 b disp]s$1 i4 #agb4 makes air specifically light]1 #bjf4 exi/s 9 all bodies1 #bad4 common & electrical1 exi/ toge!r1 ibid4 a region (1 above our atmosph]e1 #beg1 ii4 #abd4 _m ways ( k9dl+ x1 i4 #cef4 exi/s 9 a solid or quiesc5t /ate 9 sub/ances1 ibid4 ii4 #hj1 #abb4 recov]s its fluidity by combu/ion1 ibid4 is a fluid p]meat+ all bodies1 #gf4 conductors (1 are also be/ conductors ( ! electric fluid1 ibid4 diff]5ce betwe51 & electrical conductors1 #gg4 h[ diffus$ ?r\gh sub/ances1 #gh4 h[ g5]at$ 9 animat$ bodies1 #gi4 !ory (1 #abb4 a fix$ & p]man5t quantity (1 9 ! univ]se1 #abc4 its prop]ties1 #bbg4 electrical1 see ,electrical4 ,fire-companies1 num]\s at ,philadelphia1 i4 #ajc4 ,fire-places1 ,p5sylvanian1 acc\nt (1 ii4 #bbe4 l>ge & op51 inconv5i5t1 #bbh4 holl[ back$1 by ,gaug]1 #bcb4 ,/af=d%ire1 #bhe4 an +5i\s "o = s]v+ two rooms1 #bif4 ,fires1 at sea1 h[ (t5 produc$1 ii4 #agd4 great & bright1 damage ! eyes & sk91 #bcj4 ,fi%]ies1 value ( ^? ( ,newf\ndl&1 iii4 #deb4 ,flame1 pres]ves bodies f be+ consum$ :ile surr\nd+ !m1 ii4 #caj1 #caa4 ,flaxse$1 am\nt ( ! exportation ( f ,am]ica to ,irel&1 iii4 #bgj4 ,fle%1 ( animals1 made t5d] by lightn+ & by electricity1 i4 #cei1 #dad4 ,flies1 dr[n$ 9 ,am]ica1 br\ght to life 9 ,engl&1 ii4 #bbc4 ,flood & ebb1 explanation ( ! t]ms1 ii4 #ajj4 ,flor5ce flask1 :5 fill$ ) boil+ wat]1 n *>geable ) electricity1 i4 #ccb1 #cde4 ,fog1 great1 9 #aghc1 ii4 #fh4 conjectures z to its cause1 ibid4 ,fogs1 h[ support$ 9 air1 ii4 #e4 electricity (1 9 ,irel&1 i4 #dje4 ,folg]1 family-"n ( ,frankl9's "m1 i4 #h4 ,=eign]s1 ! importation (1 n necess>y to fill up occasional vacancies 9 population1 ii4 #cij4 ,=ts 9 ! back settlem5ts1 n approv$ (1 iii4 #ii4 ,fo/]1 judge1 notes on 8 argum5t = ! impress ( seam51 ii4 #dcg4 ,f\nd]+ at sea1 accid5ts t occasion x1 ii4 #afi1 #agj4 ,f\nta91 :5 electrifi$1 its /ream sep>ates1 i4 #bjf4 ,f[ls1 improp]ly treat$ at sea1 ii4 #aic4 ,fragm5ts1 political1 ii4 #daa4 ,france1 its air moi/] ?an t ( ,am]ica1 ii4 #adj4 effects ( its milit>y mann]s1 #cii4 ,frankl91 d]ivation ( ! "n1 i4 #d4 g5ealogy ( ! family (1 #e4 ,franks1 ! improp] use (1 reprobat$1 ii4 #dce4 ,freez+ to dea? 9 summ]1 possibility (1 ii4 #hd4 ,fr5* language1 its g5]al use1 ii4 #cec4 ,fronti]s1 9 ,am]ica1 ! attack (1 ! common cause ( ! /ate1 iii4 #aji4 ,frugality1 advantages (1 ii4 #cig4 obs]vance (1 9 ,am]ica1 iii4 #cgd ,fruit-walls1 black+ !m recomm5d$1 ii4 #aaj4 ,fuel1 sc>ce 9 ,philadelphia1 ii4 #bbe4 ,full+-mills 9 ,am]ica1 iii4 #bgj4 ,fusion1 cold1 ( metals1 suppos$1 i4 #bae4 proves a mi/ake1 #cci4 error respect+ x ackn[l$g$1 #cee4 ,g4 ,gall[ay1 ,mr1 preface to 8 spee*1 iii4 #afc4 ,g>ni%-money1 practice among pr9t]s ( dem&+ x1 i4 #fc4 ,gaug]1 ,m4 8 inv5tion = fire-places1 ii4 #bcb4 ,g5ealogy ( ! ,frankl9 family1 i4 #e4 ,g]man /oves1 advantages & disadvantages (1 ii4 #bcd4 ,g]many1 :y ! sev]al /ates (1 enc\rage =eign manufactures 9 pref]5ce to ^? ( ea* o!r1 iii4 #aah4 note4 ,gild+1 its prop]ties z a conductor1 i4 #bja4 ! effects ( lightn+ & ( electricity on1 #bbi4 fails z a conductor aft] a few %ocks1 #bca4 ,glass1 has always ! same quantity ( electrical fire1 i4 #aia4 possesses ! :ole p[] ( giv+ a %ock1 #aib1 #bdg4 9 panes1 :5 fir/ us$ 9 an electrical exp]im5t1 #aic1 #aid4 great =ce 9 small portions (1 #aii4 imp]meable to ! electric fluid1 #bcd1 #caj4 /rongly attracts ! electric fluid1 #bcf4 _c be electrifi$ negatively1 ibid4 its opposite surfaces1 h[ affect$1 ibid4 its compon5t p>ts & pores extremely f9e1 #bcg4 mann] ( its op]ation 9 produc+ electricity1 ibid4 its ela/icity1 to :at ow+1 #bci4 ?ick1 resi/s a *ange ( ! quantity ( electricity ( its diff]5t sides1 #bdb4 rod (1 w n conduct a %ock1 ibid4 :5 fluid1 or r$ hot1 w conduct electricity1 #bef4 diff]5ce 9 its qualities1 #cja4 error z to its pores1 #cjb4 w admit ! electric fluid1 :5 mod]ately heat$1 #cde1 #cdg4 :5 cold reta9s ! electric fluid1 #cdf4 exp]im5ts on w>m & cold1 #cdh4 s+ul> tube & ball (1 #chf4 ,glasses1 musical1 describ$1 ii4 #ccj1 et seq4 ,god1 say+ 9 ,am]ica respect+1 iii4 #dja4 ,godfrey1 ,?omas1 a lodg] ) ,frankl91 i4 #ha4 a memb] ( ! ,junto1 #hc4 inv5tor ( ,hadley's quadrant1 ibid4 wi%es ,frankl9 to m>ry a relation ( 81 #ie4 ,gold & silv]1 rem>ks on exportation (1 ii4 #daf4 ,gold5 fi%1 an electrical device1 i4 #bcc4 ,gov]nm5t1 free1 only de/roy$ by corruption ( mann]s1 ii4 #cig4 ,g\t1 dialogue ) t disease1 iii4 #dii4 ,grace1 ,rob]t1 memb] ( ! ,junto club1 i4 #hd1 #hi4 ,gratitude ( ,am]ica1 lett] on1 iii4 #bci4 ,greas+ ! bottoms ( %ips1 gives !m m swiftness1 ii4 #ahj4 ,greece1 causes ( its sup]iority ov] ,p]sia1 ii4 #cig4 ,greek empire1 ! de/ruction (1 disp]s$ manufactur]s ov] ,europe1 iii4 #abb4 ,gre5 & r$1 relation betwe5 ! col\rs (1 ii4 #cda4 ,gre5l&]s1 _! boats be/ = r[+1 ii4 #agf4 ,guadal\pe1 its value to ,brita9 ov]-rat$1 iii4 #aci4 ,gulph-/ream1 obs]vations on1 ii4 #ahf4 :al]s frequ5t its edges1 ibid4 long unkn[n to any b ! ,am]ican fi%]m51 ibid4 h[ g5]at$1 #ahg4 its prop]ties1 ibid4 tornadoes & wat]-sp\ts att5d+ x1 acc\nt$ =1 #ahh4 h[ to avoid x1 #aig4 ,nantucket :al]s be/ acqua9t$ ) x1 #aih4 !rmometrical obs]vations on1 #aii4 j\rnal ( a voyage across1 ibid4 ,gunp[d]1 fir$ by electricity1 i4 #bej4 magaz9es (1 h[ to secure !m f lightn+1 #cge4 proposal = keep+ x dry1 #cgf4 ,h4 ,habits1 effects (1 on population1 ii4 #cic4 #cid4 ,hadley's quadrant1 by :om inv5t$1 i4 #hc1 #ie4 ,hail1 br+s d[n electrical fire1 i4 #bib4 h[ =m$1 ii4 #ff4 ,hamilton1 ,mr4 a fri5d ( ,frankl9's1 i4 #ed1 #hh4 ,h&el1 criticism on "o ( 8 compositions1 ii4 #cde4 ,h>mony1 9 music1 :at1 ii4 #cci4 ,h>p1 effect (1 on ! anci5t ,scot* tunes1 ii4 #cdj4 ,h>ry1 ,david1 companion ( ,frankl9's1 i4 #gb1 #ic4 ,hats1 summ]1 %\ld be :ite1 ii4 #aji4 ! manufacture (1 9 ,new ,engl&1 9 #agfj1 iii4 #aca4 ,heal? ( seam51 ,capta9 ,cook's me?od ( pres]v+ x recomm5d$1 ii4 #aij4 ,heat1 produc$ by electricity & by lightn+1 i4 #cch1 #cci4 bett] conduct$ by "s sub/ances ?an o!rs1 ii4 #ef1 #eh4 h[ propagat$1 #eh4 ! pa9 x occasions1 h[ produc$1 #gh4 9 animals1 h[ g5]at$1 #gi1 #abe4 9 f]m5tation1 ! same z t ( ! human body1 #hj4 great1 at ,philadelphia1 9 #agej1 #he4 g5]al !ory (1 #abb4 ,h]r+s1 %oals (1 p]ceiv$ by ! smoo?ness ( ! sea1 ii4 #aej4 ,h9ts to ^? t w\ld be ri*1 iii4 #dff4 ,holmes1 ,rob]t1 bro!r-9-law to ,frankl91 i4 #cg1 #ga4 ,hone/y1 (t5 a v p>tial pr9ciple ( conduct1 ii4 #dcj4 ,hon\rs1 all desc5d+ ones absurd1 iii4 #eej4 ,hopk9s1 gov]nor1 8 report ( ! numb] ( inhabitants 9 ,rhode ,isl&1 iii4 #abi4 ,horse-race1 electrical1 i4 #cce4 ,hospital1 "o f\nd$ by ! ex]tions ( ,frankl91 i4 #abf4 ,hospitals1 f\ndl+1 /ate ( 9 ,engl& & ,france1 iii4 #edd991 #edh994 ,hospitality1 a virtue ( b>b>ians1 iii4 #cia4 ,h\ses1 rem>ks on cov]+ !m ) copp]1 ii4 #cah1 #cbj4 _m 9 ,russia cov]$ ) iron plates1 #cai4 _! con/ruction 9 ,p>is r5d]s !m little liable to fires1 #cba4 ,h[e1 "l1 lett] f1 to ,frankl91 iii4 #cfe4 ,frankl9's answ] to1 #cfg4 ,hudson's riv]1 w9ds !re1 ii4 #eb1 #ei4 ,hunt]s1 require mu* l& to subsi/ on1 ii4 #chd4 ,hurricanes1 h[ produc$1 ii4 #g4 :y cold 9 hot climates1 ibid4 ,hut*9son1 gov]nor1 cause ( ! application = 8 removal1 iii4 #cbc4 acc\nt ( ! lett]s (1 #cca1 #eea4 ,hygromet]1 be/ sub/ances = =m+ "o1 ii4 #acf4 mahogany recomm5d$ = =m+ "o1 #ada4 ,i4 ,j4 ,jackson1 ,mr4 rem>ks on population by1 ii4 #cib4 ,jamaica1 its vacant l&s n easily made sug> l&s1 iii4 #adj4 ,javelle1 8 ma*9]y = mov+ boats1 ii4 #agg4 ,ice w n conduct an electric %ock1 i4 #bja4 ,ice-isl&s1 dang]\s to %ipp+1 ii4 #agf4 ,idl5ess1 ! heavie/ tax on mank9d1 ii4 #daa1 iii4 #ded4 enc\rag$ by *>ity1 ii4 #dbb4 reflections on1 iii4 #dbh4 ,jeff]son1 ,mr4 lett] f1 on ! "* ( ,frankl91 iii4 #ede4 ,jesuits1 ho/ility ( ! ,indians 9 ,am]ica excit$ by1 iii4 #ie4 ,ignorance1 a frank ackn[l$gm5t (1 comm5dable1 i4 #cjh4 ,imports into ,p5sylvania f ,brita9 be=e #agff1 iii4 #bej4 ,impress ( seam51 notes on ,judge ,fo/]'s argum5t 9 fav\r (1 ii4 #dcg4 ,in>ticulation 9 mod]n s++1 c5sur$1 ii4 #cdh4 ,increase ( mank9d1 obs]vations on1 ii4 #chc1 & seq4 :at prev5t$ by1 #chf1 #chg4 h[ promot$1 #chh1 #chi4 fur!r obs]vations on1 #cic4 ,indemnification1 j gr\nd = requir+ cessions f an enemy1 iii4 #ic4 ,indep5d5ce1 soon acquir$ 9 ,am]ica1 iii4 #djb4 ,indian trade & affairs1 rem>ks on a plan = ! future managem5t (1 iii4 #baf4 spiritu\s liquors ! great enc\ragem5t (1 #bai4 ! debts f1 mu/ be left to hon\r1 #bbj4 n an ,am]ican b a ,briti% int]e/1 #bge4 ,indians1 ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 a numb] (1 murd]$1 i4 #aci4 (t5 excit$ by ! ,fr5* aga9/ ! ,engli%1 iii4 #ie4 li/ ( fight+ m5 9 ! diff]5t nations (1 #bba4 diff]5ce ( _! w>f>e f t ( ,europeans1 #ajj4 rem>ks conc]n+1 #chc4 _! mode ( life1 #chd4 public c\ncils1 #che4 polit5ess 9 conv]sation1 #chf4 rules 9 visit+1 #chh4 ,indu/ry1 effects ( ,frankl9's1 i4 #he4 ! cause ( pl5ty1 ii4 #cif4 ess5tial to ! welf>e ( a p1 #daa4 relax$ by *eapness ( provisions1 #dae4 a great] portion (1 9 e nation1 ?an ( idl5ess1 #cif1 #dbi1 iii4 #cif4 its preval5ce 9 ,am]ica1 iii4 #cgc4 ,inflammability ( ! surface ( riv]s1 ii4 #acj4 ,inl& comm]ce1 in/ances (1 iii4 #abj4 ,innovations 9 language & pr9t+1 ii4 #cea4 ,inoculation1 lett] on ! dea?s occasion$ by1 ii4 #bae4 success (1 9 ,philadelphia1 #baf1 #bag4 ,insects1 utility ( ! /udy (1 ii4 #ic4 ,int]rogation1 ! m>k (1 h[ to be plac$1 ii4 #cef4 ,inv5tion1 ! faculty (1 its inconv5i5ces1 i4 #cjh4 ,inv5tions1 new1 g5]ally sc\t$1 ibid4 ,j\rnal ( a voyage1 cross+ ! gulph-/ream1 ii4 #aii4 f ,philadelphia to ,france1 #bjj1 #bja4 f ! *annel to ,am]ica1 #bjb1 et seq4 ,iron conta9$ 9 ! globe1 r5d]s x a great magnet1 ii4 #aai4 qu]y :e!r x exi/$ at ! creation1 #abf4 hot1 gives no bad smell1 #bdg4 yields no bad vap\rs1 #bdh4 rods1 erect$ = exp]im5ts on ! cl\ds1 i4 #bgj4 conduct m lightn+ 9 proportion to _! ?ickness1 #bhb4 ,isl&s f> f a cont95t h little ?und]1 i4 #baf4 ,italic types1 use (1 9 pr9t+1 ii4 #cee4 ,judges1 mode ( _! appo9tm5t 9 ,am]ica1 9 #agfh1 iii4 #bc4 ,junto4 ,see ,club4 ,k4 ,keim]1 a connection ( ,frankl9's1 "s acc\nt (1 i4 #ce1 #gj1 #ic4 ,kei?1 sir ,william1 ,frankl9 patroniz$ by1 i4 #ci4 deceiv$ by1 #ed4 "* (1 #eg4 ,k9n]sley1 ,mr4 electrical exp]im5ts by1 i4 #bfa1 et seq41 #cca4 ,kiss1 electrical1 i4 #agg4 ,kite us$ to draw electricity f ! cl\ds1 i4 #ajh4 electrical1 describ$1 i4 #bfh4 ,knobs1 n s prop] z po9ts1 = conduct+ lightn+1 i4 #cei4 ,l4 ,lab\r1 :y x w long cont9ue de> 9 ,am]ica1 ii4 #che4 its advantages1 #dbg1 #dbh4 ,l&1 t]ms on :i* x may be obta9$ 9 ,am]ica1 by settl]s1 iii4 #dji4 ,l&+ 9 a surf1 suppos$ practicable1 h[1 ii4 #aed4 tri$ )\t success1 #aee4 ,language1 rem>ks on innovations 91 ii4 #cea1 et seq4 ,laugh]s1 satyriz$1 iii4 #dbe4 ,law1 ! old c\rts (1 9 ! colonies1 z ample 9 _! p[]s1 z ^? 9 ,engl&1 iii4 #cjd4 ,law-exp5ses1 no disc\ragem5t to law-suits1 iii4 #bgj4 ,law-/amps1 a tax on ! poor1 iii4 #bfi4 ,lead1 effects (1 on ! human con/itution1 ii4 #bai4 ,leaks 9 %ips1 :y wat] ent]s by !m mo/ rapidly at fir/1 ii4 #aji4 means to prev5t _! be+ fatal1 #agj4 ,lea!r globe1 propos$1 in/ead ( glass1 = electrical exp]im5ts1 i4 #bfg4 ,left h&1 a petition f1 iii4 #dhc4 ,leg1 h&some & de=m$1 hum\r\s anecdote (1 iii4 #dcg4 ,legal t5d] ( pap]-money1 its advantages1 iii4 #aej4 fur!r rem>ks on1 #aea4 ,l5d+ money1 new mode (1 iii4 #dfc4 ,lett]-f\nd+ effect$ by ,frankl9 9 ,am]ica1 i4 #gd4 ,leutmann1 ,j4 ,g4 extract f 8 vulcanus famulans1 ii4 #bih4 ,leyd5 bottle1 its ph5om5a expla9$1 i4 #agi4 analys$1 #aib4 exp]im5t to prove its qualities1 #bde4 :5 seal$ h]metically1 reta9s long its electricity1 #cde4 ,lib]ty ( ! press1 obs]vations on1 ii4 #dfc4 abus$1 #dfe4 ( ! cudgel1 %\ld be all[$ 9 return1 #dfg4 ,libr>ies1 public1 ! fir/ 9 ,am]ica set on foot by ,frankl91 i4 #ii4 are n[ num]\s 9 ,am]ica1 #ajj4 advantages (1 to lib]ty1 #aja4 ,life & dea?1 obs]vations on ! doctr9es (1 ii4 #bbb4 ,light1 diff]5ce betwe5 t f ! sun & t f a fire 9 electrical exp]im5ts1 i4 #agc4 difficulties 9 ! doctr9es (1 i4 #bec4 qu]ies conc]n+1 ibid4 visibility ( its inf9itely small p>ticles comput$1 ii4 #ij4 new !ory (1 #abb4 ,ligh?\se-trag$y1 an e>ly poem ( ,frankl9's1 i4 #af4 ,lightn+1 repres5t$ by electricity1 i4 #agf4 drawn f ! cl\ds1 by a kite1 #bfh4 by an iron rod1 ibid4 reasons = propos+ ! exp]im5t on1 #cjd4 its effects at ,newbury1 #caj4 w leave o!r sub/ances1 to pass ?r\gh metals1 #cab4 communicates magnetism to iron1 #cad4 objections to ! hypo!sis ( its be+ collect$ f ! sea1 #cah1 #cbc4 effects (1 on a wire at ,new ,york1 #cbf4 on ,mr4 ,we/'s po9t$ rod1 #cdj1 et seq4 h[ x %iv]s trees1 #cei4 effects (1 on conductors 9 ,c>ol9a1 #cfa1 #cfb1 #cfd4 does n ent] ?r\gh op5+s1 #cfh4 %\ld be di/+ui%$ f its light1 #cfi4 an explosion always accompanies x1 ibid4 obs]vations on its effects on ,/4 ,bride's *ur*1 #cgd1 #chb4 h[ to pres]ve build+s f1 #cgg4 p]sonal dang] f1 h[ be/ avoid$1 #cha4 br\ght d[n by a po9t$ rod1 9 a l>ge quantity1 #chi4 h[ to prev5t a /roke (1 at sea1 ii4 #age4 ,l9nu1 in/ance ( public b5efit aris+ f 8 k ( insects1 ii4 #id4 ,london1 atmosph]e (1 moi/] ?an t ( ! c\ntry1 ii4 #aci4 ,loyalty ( ,am]ica be=e ! tr\bles1 iii4 #bcg4 ,luxury1 b5eficial :5 n too common1 ii4 #chi4 def9ition (1 #cie1 #dbe4 ext+ui%es families1 #cie4 n to be extirpat$ by laws1 #dja4 fur!r obs]vations on1 #dbe4 ,ly+-to1 ! only mode yet us$ = /opp+ a vessel at sea1 ii4 #aha4 ,m4 ,maddeson1 ,mr4 dea? (1 lam5t$1 iii4 #edd994 ,magaz9e ( p[d]1 h[ to secure x f lightn+1 i4 #cge4 ,magical circle ( circles1 ii4 #cbg4 picture1 i4 #aie4 squ>e ( squ>es1 ii4 #cbd4 ,magnetism1 animal1 detect$ & expos$1 i4 #aej4 giv5 by electricity1 #bdh1 #cad4 & electricity1 aff9ity betwe51 #daj4 suppos$ to exi/ 9 all space1 ii4 #aai1 #abf4 conjectures z to its effects on ! globe1 #abj4 enquiry h[ x fir/ came to exi/1 #abf4 ,mahogany1 exp&s & %r9ks1 accord+ to climate1 ii4 #ach4 recomm5d$ = an hygromet]1 #ada4 ,m&eville1 ,frankl9's acqua9tance )1 i4 #ci4 ,mann]s1 effects (1 on population1 ii4 #cic1 et seq4 lett] to ! ,busy-body on ! want (1 iii4 #dcb4 ,manufactures1 produce great] proportionate returns ?an raw mat]ials1 ii4 #daj4 f\nd$ 9 ! want ( l& = ! poor1 iii4 #ajg4 are ) difficulty transplant$ f "o c\ntry to ano!r1 #aba4 h>dly ev] lo/ b by =eign conque/1 #abb4 probability ( _! e/abli%m5t 9 ,am]ica1 #bfj4 want no enc\ragem5t f ! gov]nm5t1 if a c\ntry be ripe = !m1 #dje4 ,m>itime obs]vations1 ii4 #afb4 ,m>ly1 exp]im5ts made at1 = draw+ lightn+ f ! cl\ds1 i4 #dba4 ,m>riage ( ,frankl91 i4 #ig4 ,m>riages1 :]e ! greate/ numb] take place1 ii4 #chc4 :y frequ5t & e>ly 9 ,am]ica1 #che4 iii4 #aac1 #djc4 e>ly1 lett] on1 iii4 #dge4 ,m>yl&1 acc\nt ( a :irlw9d !re1 ii4 #fa4 ( pap] bills =m]ly issu$ !re1 iii4 #aee4 its conduct 9 a ,fr5* w>1 previ\s to ! ,am]ican tr\bles1 def5d$1 #bfb4 ,massa*usets bay1 petition ( ! inhabitants (1 to ! k+1 iii4 #cbe4 ,matt]1 enquiry into ! suppos$ vis in]ti (1 ii4 #aaj4 man c nei!r create nor annihilate x1 #abc4 ,mawgridge1 ,william1 memb] ( ! ,junto club1 i4 #hd4 ,maxims1 prud5tial1 f poor ,ri*>d's almanack1 iii4 #dec4 ,mazeas1 abbe1 lett] f1 i4 #dbj4 ,meal1 gra91 c4 mann] ( pres]v+ !m good = ages1 i4 #cgf4 ii4 #aij4 ,me*anics1 advantages ( an e>ly att5tion to1 i4 #ad4 ,m$iocrity1 preval5ce (1 9 ,am]ica1 iii4 #cii4 ,melody 9 music1 :at1 ii4 #cdj4 ,m51 six1 /ruck d[n by an electric %ock1 i4 #cjf4 ,m]c]1 ,dr4 lett] f1 on a wat]-sp\t1 ii4 #cd4 ,m]*ants & %opkeep]s 9 ,am]ica1 iii4 #cid4 ,m]$i?1 ,hugh1 companion ( ,frankl91 %ort acc\nt (1 i4 #gb1 #gf1 #hi4 ,metall9e rods1 secure build+s f lightn+1 i4 #bha4 ei!r prev5t or conduct a /roke1 #caj4 ,metals1 melt$ by electricity & by lightn+1 i4 #bae1 #bbi4 :5 melt$ by electricity1 /a9 glass1 #bcb4 poli%$1 spott$ by electrical sp>ks1 #bec4 feel cold] ?an wood1 :y1 ii4 #ef4 ,meteorological obs]vations1 ii4 #a1 #de1 #ff4 ,me?usalem slept always 9 ! op5 air1 iii4 #die4 ,mickle1 ,samuel1 a progno/icator ( evil1 i4 #ha4 ,milit>y mann]s1 effects (1 ii4 #cih1 #cii4 p[] ( ! k+1 rem>ks on1 iii4 #cjg4 ,militia bill1 ,frankl9 ! au?or ( "o1 i4 #acb4 p>ticul> "o1 reject$ by ! gov]nor ( ,p5sylvania1 #ajj4 iii4 #aeg4 ,m9es1 me?od ( *ang+ air 9 !m1 ii4 #bia4 ( rock salt1 conjectures z to _! =mation1 #ib4 ,mi/s1 h[ support$ 9 air1 ii4 #e4 ,mode/y 9 disputation recomm5d$1 ii4 #cag4 ,money1 h[ to make x pl5ty1 iii4 #dfg4 new mode ( l5d+1 #dfh4 ,moral pr9ciples1 /ate ( ,frankl9's m9d respect+1 on 8 ent]+ into bus9ess1 i4 #gi4 ,morals ( *ess1 iii4 #dhh4 ,motion1 ! communication & effects (1 ii4 #g1 #h4 ( vessels at sea1 h[ to be /opp$1 #aha4 ,m\nta9s1 use (1 9 produc+ ra9 & riv]s1 i4 #bjh4 :y ! summits (1 are cold1 ii4 #f4 conjecture h[ !y became s high1 #ia4 ,music1 h>mony & melody ( ! old ,scoti%1 ii4 #cch4 mod]n1 defects (1 #cdc4 ,musical glasses describ$1 ii4 #ccj4 ,n4 ,nantucket :al]s be/ acqua9t$ ) ! gulph-/ream1 ii4 #aih4 ,national weal?1 data = reason+ on1 ii4 #djh4 ?ree ways ( acquir+1 #daj4 ,navigation1 diff]5ce (1 9 %oal & deep wat]1 ii4 #aeh4 obs]vations on1 #aie1 #aif4 f ,newf\ndl& to ,new ,york1 #aig4 inl&1 9 ,am]ica1 iii4 #aah4 ,ne$le ( a compass1 its pol>ity rev]s$ by lightn+1 i4 #bdh1 #cbe4 ( wood1 circul> motion (1 by electricity1 #ccb1 #cea4 ,ne$les1 magnetis$ by electricity1 i4 #adh4 & p9s1 melt$ by electricity1 #bdi4 ,negatively electris$ bodies repel ea* o!r1 i4 #bid4 ,negroes be> heat bett]1 & cold worse1 ?an :ites1 ii4 #hf4 ,newbury1 effects ( a /roke ( lightn+ !re1 i4 #caj4 ,new-,engl&1 =m] fl\ri%+ /ate (1 f ! issue ( pap] money1 iii4 #ade4 circum/ances :i* r5d]$ ! re/riction ( pap] money !re n injuri\s1 #adh4 abolition ( pap] curr5cy !re1 #bfc4 ,newf\ndl& fi%]ies1 m valuable ?an ! m9es ( ,p]u1 iii4 #deb4 ,newspap]1 "o suffici5t = all ,am]ica1 9 #agba1 i4 #bc4 in/ance ( "o set up by ,frankl9 at ,philadelphia1 #hf4 ,new-,york1 effects ( lightn+ !re1 i4 #cbf4 =m] fl\ri%+ /ate (1 f ! issue ( pap]-money1 iii4 #adf4 s5tim5ts ( ! coloni/s on ! act = aboli%+ ! legislature (1 #bcb4 obta9$ 9 ex*ange = ,sur9am1 #cdi4 ,nollet1 ,abb1 ,frankl9's !ory ( electricity oppos$ by1 i4 #aac4 rem>ks on 8 lett]s1 #dcj4 ,non-conductors ( electricity1 i4 #cgh4 ,non-electric1 its prop]ty 9 receiv+ or giv+ electrical fire1 i4 #aic4 ,nor?-ea/ /orms 9 ,am]ica1 acc\nt (1 ii4 #fh4 ,nurses1 (fice at ,p>is = exam9+ ! heal? (1 iii4 #edi994 ,o4 ,oak be/ = floor+ & /air-cases1 ii4 #cba4 ,ohio1 di/ance ( its =t f ! sea1 iii4 #aai1 note4 ,oil1 effect ( heat on1 ii4 #d4 evaporates only 9 dry air1 ibid4 r5d]s air unfit to take up wat]1 ibid4 curi\s in/ance ( its effects on wat] 9 a lamp1 #adb4 /ill+ ( waves by means (1 #add1 #ade1 #adh1 #aej1 #aea1 #aed4 ,old man's wi%1 song s call$ quot$1 iii4 #edf994 ,onsl[1 ,ar?ur1 d$ication ( a "w to1 by ,frankl91 iii4 #ei4 ,op9ions1 vulg> ones too mu* slight$1 ii4 #adf4 reg>d to e/abli%$ ones1 ?\ght wisdom 9 a gov]nm5t1 iii4 #bbf4 ,or?ography1 a new mode (1 ii4 #cei4 ,osborne1 a fri5d ( ,frankl9's1 i4 #ej1 #ec ,ov]sett+ at sea1 h[ x occurs1 ii4 #agb4 h[ to be prev5t$1 ibid41 #agc4 ,outrigg]s to boats1 advantages (1 ii4 #agc4 ,p4 ,pack?read1 ?\gh wet1 n a good conductor1 i4 #bjj4 ,pa9e's ,common ,s5se1 ,frankl9 suppos$ to h contribut$ to1 i4 #adh4 ,pap]1 h[ to make l>ge %eets1 9 ! ,*9ese way1 ii4 #cdi4 a poem1 iii4 #ebb4 ,pap]-cr$it1 _c be circumscrib$ by law1 ii4 #dah4 ,pap]-money1 pamphlet writt5 by ,frankl9 on1 i4 #ia4 ,am]ican1 rem>ks & facts relative to1 iii4 #add4 advantages (1 ov] gold & silv]1 iii4 #aeb4 ,pap]s on philosophical subjects1 i4 #afi1 et seq4 ii4 #a1 et seq4 on g5]al politics1 ii4 #chc1 et seq4 on ,am]ican subjects1 be=e ! revolution1 iii4 #c1 et seq4 dur+ ! revolution1 iii4 #bbe1 et seq4 subsequ5t to ! revolution1 iii4 #chc1 et seq4 on moral subjects1 iii4 #dba1 et seq4 ,p>able aga9/ p]secution1 ii4 #dej4 ,p>adoxes inf]r$ f "s exp]im5ts1 i4 #bfb4 ,p>alysis1 effects ( electricity on1 i4 #dja4 ,p>liam5t ( ,engl&1 op9ions 9 ,am]ica1 9 #agff1 conc]n+1 iii4 #bed4 ,p>sons1 ,william1 memb] ( ! ,junto club1 i4 #hc4 ,p>ties1 _! use 9 republics1 iii4 #cif4 ,p>ty ( pleasure1 electrical1 i4 #bjb4 ,passages to & f ,am]ica1 h[ to be %ort5$1 ii4 #ach4 :y %ort] f1 ?an to1 ,am]ica1 #ahi4 ,pass5g]s by sea1 in/ructions to1 ii4 #aib4 ,patriotism1 _s (1 cat*+1 iii4 #ij4 ,peace1 ! victori\s p>ty may insi/ on adequate securities 9 ! t]ms (1 iii4 #if4 ,p5n1 gov]nor1 rem>ks on 8 adm9i/ration1 iii4 #ahc4 sold 8 legislative "r 9 ,p5sylvania1 b did n complete ! b>ga91 #ahi4 ,p5sylvania1 ,frankl9 appo9t$ cl]k to ! g5]al assembly (1 i4 #ajb4 =ms a plan ( association = ! def5ce (1 #ajd4 becomes a memb] ( ! g5]al assembly (1 #aad4 aggrievances (1 iii4 #ej4 infraction ( its *>t]1 #eb4 review ( ! con/itution (1 #ei4 =m] fl\ri%+ /ate (1 f ! issue ( pap]-money1 #adf4 rate ( ex*ange !re1 #aed4 lett] on ! militia bill (1 #aeg4 settl$ by ,engli% & ,g]mans1 #afb4 ,engli% & ,g]man1 its prov9cial languages1 ib4 pecuni>y b>ga9s betwe5 ! gov]nors & assembly (1 #afe4 taxes !re1 #bdf1 #bea4 numb] ( its inhabitants1 #bdi4 proportion ( quak]s1 & ( ,g]mans1 ibid4 exports & imports1 #bej4 assembly (1 9 #agff1 h[ compos$1 #beb4 ,p5sylvanian fire-places1 acc\nt (1 ii4 #bbc4 p>ticul>ly describ$1 #bce4 effects (1 #bci4 mann] ( us+ !m1 #bda4 advantages (1 #bdc4 objections to1 answ]$1 #bdg4 directions to bricklay]s respect+1 #bea4 ,peopl+ ( c\ntries1 obs]vations on1 ii4 #chc1 et seq4 ,p]k9s1 ,dr4 lett] f1 on wat]-sp\ts1 ii4 #aa4 on %oot+ />s1 #cf4 ,p]secution1 p>able aga9/1 ii4 #dej4 ( diss5t]s1 lett] on1 #deb4 ( quak]s 9 ,new ,engl&1 #ded4 ,p]spirable matt]1 p]nici\s1 if reta9$1 ii4 #ej4 ,p]spiration1 necess>y to be kept up1 9 hot climates1 ii4 #hf4 diff]5ce (1 9 p]sons :5 nak$ & clo!d1 #bad4 ,petition f ! coloni/s ( ,massa*usets bay1 iii4 #cbe4 ( ! left h&1 #dhc4 ,petty1 sir ,william1 a d\ble vessel built by1 ii4 #agd4 ,philadelphia1 ,frankl9's fir/ arrival at1 i4 #cb4 acc\nt ( a sem9>y !re1 in/itut$ by ,frankl91 #aaf to #abg4 /ate ( ! public bank at1 iii4 #eea994 ,phytolacca1 or poke we$1 a specific = canc]s1 i4 #bfa4 ,picture1 magical1 describ$1 i4 #aie4 ,pla9 tru?1 ,frankl9's fir/ political pamphlet1 iii4 #ebd4 ,plan = b5efit+ di/ant c\ntries1 ii4 #djc4 = settl+ two we/]n colonies1 iii4 #da4 = ! managem5t ( ,indian affairs1 rem>ks on1 #baf4 = improv+ ! condition ( ! free blacks1 #eai4 ,plank+ ( %ips1 improvem5t 91 ii4 #ahi4 ,pleurisy1 ,frankl9 attack$ by1 i4 #ga1 #aed4 ,plus & m9us electricity1 9 ! ,leyd5 bottle1 i4 #aha4 9 o!r bodies1 #ahe4 ,po9t$ rods1 secure build+s f lightn+1 i4 #bhc1 #cha4 exp]im5ts & obs]vations on1 #chh4 objections to1 answ]$1 #cie1 #cif4 ,po9ts1 _! effects1 i4 #agj4 prop]ty (1 expla9$1 #bbc4 exp]im5t %[+ ! effect (1 on ! cl\ds1 #bhc4 mi/ake respect+1 #caj4 ,poke-we$1 a cure = canc]s1 i4 #bfj1 #bfa4 ,pol>ity giv5 to ne$les by electricity1 i4 #bdh4 ,poles ( ! e>?1 if *ang$1 w\ld produce a deluge1 ii4 #abg4 ,political fragm5ts1 ii4 #daa4 ,polypus1 a nation comp>$ to1 ii4 #cia4 ,poor1 rem>ks on ! managem5t (1 ii4 #dah4 ! bett] provid$ =1 ! m idle1 #dbb4 ,poor ,ri*>d1 maxims (1 iii4 #dec4 ,pope1 criticism on two ( 8 l9es1 i4 #bc4 ,population1 obs]vations on1 ii4 #chc4 causes :i* dim9i% x1 #chf4 occasional vacancies 91 soon fill$ by natural g5]ation1 #cij4 rate ( its increase 9 ,am]ica1 #che4 iii4 #aac1 #bej1 #bed4 :y x increases fa/] !re1 ?an 9 ,engl&1 iii4 #bee4 ,positions conc]n+ national weal?1 ii4 #djh4 ,positiv5ess1 impropriety (1 ii4 #cah4 ,po/age1 n a tax1 b paym5t = a s]vice1 iii4 #bfe4 /ate (1 9 ,am]ica1 9 #agff1 #bgi4 ,po/-ma/]1 & deputy po/-ma/] g5]al1 ,frankl9 appo9t$ to ! (fices (1 i4 #ajb1 #abg4 ,potts1 ,/eph51 a companion ( ,frankl9's1 i4 #gb1 #hd4 ,p\ltry1 n good at sea1 ii4 #aic4 ,p[d]-magaz9es1 h[ secur$ f lightn+1 i4 #cge4 ,p[] to move a heavy body1 h[ to be augm5t$1 ii4 #aia4 ,p[nall1 gov]nor1 memorial (1 to ! ,duke ( ,cumb]l&1 iii4 #da4 lett] f1 on an equal communication ( rights to ,am]ica1 #bdc4 con/itution ( ! colonies by1 #bii4 ,preface to ,mr4 ,gall[ay's spee*1 iii4 #afc4 to proce$+s ( ! inhabitants ( ,bo/on1 #cag4 ,presbyt]ianism1 e/abli%$ religion 9 ,new ,engl&1 ii4 #ded4 ,press1 acc\nt ( ! c\rt (1 ii4 #dfc4 lib]ty (1 abus$1 #dfe4 ,press+ ( seam51 animadv]sions on1 ii4 #dcg4 ,price1 ,dr4 lett] f1 on ,frankl9's dea?1 iii4 #eda4 ,prie/ley1 ,dr4 lett] f1 on ,frankl9's "*1 iii4 #edg4 ,pr9t]s at ,philadelphia be=e ,frankl91 i4 #cf4 ,pr9t+1 ,frankl9 appr5tic$ to ! bus9ess (1 i4 #ae4 works at x z a j\rneym5 9 ,engl&1 #eh1 #fb4 9 ,am]ica1 #ce1 #ga4 ent]s on ! bus9ess (1 z ma/]1 #gh4 obs]vations on fa%ions 91 ii4 #cee4 ,prison1 society = reliev+ ! mis]y (1 i4 #aea4 n kn[n among ! ,indians ( ,am]ica1 iii4 #bbj4 ,private]+1 reprobat$1 ii4 #dcf4 fur!r obs]vations on1 #ddf4 article to prev5t x1 recomm5d$ 9 national treaties1 #ddh4 ins]t$ 9 a treaty betwe5 ,am]ica & ,prussia1 #ddi4 ,proas1 ( ! pacific ocean1 safety (1 ii4 #agc4 fly+1 sup]ior to any ( our sail+ boats1 #agf4 ,produce ( ! inl& p>ts ( ,am]ica1 iii4 #aai4 ,products ( ,am]ica1 d n int]f]e ) ^? ( ,brita91 iii4 #abd4 ,prose-writ+1 me?od ( acquir+ excell5ce 91 i4 #ah4 ,prote/ aga9/ ,frankl9's appo9tm5t z colonial ag5t1 rem>ks on1 iii4 #bjc4 ,provisions1 *eapness (1 enc\rages idl5ess1 ii4 #dae4 ,prussian edict1 assum+ claims ov] ,brita91 iii4 #caa4 ,public s]vices & functions ( ,frankl91 i4 #abe4 _s1 manife/ 9 ,engl&1 iii4 #ia4 diff]5t op9ion respect+ x express$1 #cge4 ,punctuality ( ,am]ica 9 ! paym5t ( public debts1 iii4 #cgc4 ,puckridge1 ,mr4 inv5tor ( musical glasses1 i4 #acf4 ,q4 ,quak]-lady1 good advice ( "o to ,frankl9 9 8 y\?1 i4 #db4 ,quak]s1 p]secution (1 9 ,new ,engl&1 ii4 #ded4 proportion (1 9 ,p5sylvania1 iii4 #bdi4 ,quebec1 rem>ks on ! enl>gem5t ( ! prov9ce (1 iii4 #bj1 note4 ,qu]ies conc]n+ light1 i4 #beh4 propos$ at ! ,junto club1 ii4 #cff4 f ,mr4 ,/rahan1 on ! ,am]ican disputes1 iii4 #bhg4 ,que/ions discuss$ by ! ,junto club1 ii4 #cfi4 ,r4 ,ra91 h[ produc$1 i4 #bjg4 g5]ally br+s d[n electricity1 #bib4 :y nev] salt1 ii4 #cb4 diff]5t quantities (1 fall+ at diff]5t heights1 #acc4 ,ralph1 ,james1 a fri5d ( ,frankl9's1 i4 #ej1 #ec1 #ed1 #eg1 #fj4 ,r>efaction ( ! air1 :y great] 9 ! upp] regions1 ii4 #f4 ,read1 maid5 "n ( ,frankl9's wife1 i4 #cc1 #cg1 #di1 #ed1 #ei1 #gj1 #if4 ,read+1 ,frankl9's e>ly passion =1 i4 #ae1 #af4 h[ be/ taught1 ii4 #cgb4 advice to y\? respect+1 #cgh4 ,recluse1 a ,roman ,ca?olic "o1 9 ,london1 i4 #fe4 ,r$ & gre51 relation betwe5 ! col\rs (1 ii4 #cda4 ,regim51 sudd5 alt]ations (1 n prejudicial1 i4 #di4 ,religi\s sect1 new "o1 int5d$ e/abli%m5t (1 i4 #dh4 ,repell5cy1 electrical1 h[ de/roy$1 i4 #agb4 ,repres5tation1 ,am]ican1 9 ! ,briti% p>liam5t1 ?\ghts on1 iii4 #cg1 #bdc4 ,repulsion1 electrical1 ! doctr9e (1 d\bt$1 i4 #ccc4 consid]ations 9 support (1 #cdi4 ,revelation1 d\bt$ by ,frankl9 9 8 y\?1 i4 #gi4 ,rhode-,isl&1 pur*as$ = a pair ( spectacles1 iii4 #ba4 its population at ?ree p]iods1 iii4 #abi4 ,ri*1 h9ts to ^? t w\ld be1 iii4 #dff4 ,ridicule1 delight ( ! pr9ce ( ,cond 91 iii4 #dbd4 ,riv]s1 f ! ,&es1 h[ =m$1 i4 #bji4 motion ( ! tides 91 expla9$1 ii4 #if1 #ajb4 d n run into ! sea1 #aje4 evaporate be=e !y rea* ! sea1 #ajf4 inflammability ( ! surface (1 #acj4 ,rods1 utility ( long po9t$ ones1 to secure build+s f lightn+1 i4 #chh4 ,see f>!r4 ,iron4 ,lightn+4 ,metall9e4 ,rome1 causes ( its decl9e enquir$ into1 ii4 #cih4 political gov]nm5t ( its prov9ces1 iii4 #acf4 ,rooms1 w>m1 advantages (1 ii4 #bdi4 d n give colds1 ibid4 ,roots1 edible1 might be dri$ & pres]v$ = sea-/ore1 ii4 #aij4 ,ros91 :5 fluid1 w conduct electricity1 i4 #bef4 ,r\sseau1 8 op9ion ( tunes 9 p>ts1 ii4 #cdb4 ,r[+ ( boats1 ,*9ese me?od (1 ii4 #agg4 ,r[ley1 ,dr4 ,frankl9's obligations to1 iii4 #eee994 ,s4 ,sail+1 obs]vations on1 ii4 #afc4 ,sails1 propos$ improvem5ts 91 ii4 #afd1 #aff4 ,sa9t ,bride's *ur*1 /roke ( lightn+ on1 i4 #cgd4 ,salt1 dry1 w n conduct electricity1 i4 #beh4 rock1 conjectures z to its orig91 ii4 #ia4 ,saltness ( ! sea-wat] consid]$1 ib4 ,savage1 ,john1 a companion ( ,frankl9's1 i4 #gb4 ,savages ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 rem>ks on1 iii4 #chc1 et seq4 ,s*ool1 sket* ( "o1 = ,philadelphia1 ii4 #cgj4 ,scot* tunes1 h>mony (1 & melody1 ii4 #cch4 ,scream+1 a defect 9 mod]n tunes1 ii4 #cde4 ,scull1 ,ni*olas1 memb] ( ! ,junto club1 i4 #hc4 ,sea1 electrical qualities ( its compon5t p>ts1 i4 #bje4 op9ion1 t x is ! s\rce ( lightn+1 consid]$1 #bfi1 #cba1 #cbb4 suppos$ cause ( its lum9\s appe>ance1 ii4 #hh4 f :at cause1 salt1 #ia4 has =m]ly cov]$ ! m\nta9s1 ib4 ,sea-coal1 has a vegetable orig91 ii4 #abh4 prejudices aga9/ ! use (1 at ,p>is1 #bgh4 ,sea-wat]1 soon loses its lum9\s quality1 i4 #bfi4 consid]ations on ! di/illation (1 ii4 #ajc4 h[ to qu5* ?ir/ )1 #ajd4 !rmometrical obs]vation on1 #aii1 et seq4 ,security1 a j gr\nd to dem& cessions f an enemy1 iii4 #ic4 ,sep>ation ( ! colonies f ,brita91 probability (1 9 #agge1 iii4 #cef4 ,s]vants 9 ,engl&1 ! mo/ b>r5 p>ts ( ! p1 ii4 #cie4 ,settlem5ts1 new1 9 ,am]ica1 lett] conc]n+1 iii4 #dji4 ,settl]s ( ,briti% colonies1 _! rights1 iii4 #bii4 ,%eep1 a :ole flock kill$ by lightn+1 i4 #dae4 ,%ips1 ab&on$ at sea1 (t5 sav$1 ii4 #afi4 may be nicely balanc$1 #agj4 accid5ts to1 at sea1 h[ gu>d$ aga9/1 #agb4 ,%irley1 gov]nor1 lett]s to1 on ! taxation ( ! colonies1 iii4 #cj4 on ,am]ican repres5tation 9 ! ,briti% p>liam5t1 #cg4 ,%oot+-/>s1 lett] on1 ii4 #cf4 ,%op-keep]s 9 ,am]ica1 iii4 #cid4 ,sides ( vessels1 ! be/ con/ruction (1 ii4 #agb4 ,silv] cann1 exp]im5t )1 i4 #cjg4 vessels1 n s easily h&l$ z glass1 :5 fill$ ) hot liquors1 ii4 #eg4 ,slav]y1 society = ! abolition (1 i4 #aea4 address to ! public on ! abolition (1 iii4 #eag4 ,slaves1 n pr(itable lab\r]s1 ii4 #chf4 dim9i% population1 ii4 #chg4 ,slave-trade1 s5tim5t ( a ,fr5* morali/ respect+1 ii4 #aie4 p>ody on ! argum5ts 9 fav\r (1 #dej4 ,slid+-plates = smoky *imnies describ$1 ii4 #bhg4 ,slitt+-mills 9 ,am]ica1 iii4 #bgj4 ,small1 ,mr4 ,alex&]1 lett] f1 i4 #cgd4 ,smell ( electricity1 h[ produc$1 i4 #bdd4 ,smoke1 pr9ciple by :i* x asc5ds1 ii4 #beg4 /ove t consumes x1 #bif4 ! burn+ (1 useful 9 hot-h\ses1 #caf4 ,smoky *imnies1 obs]vation on ! causes & cure (1 ii4 #bef4 rem$y =1 if by want ( air1 #bfa1 #bfb4 if by too l>ge op5+s 9 ! room1 #bff1 #bfh4 if by too %ort a funnel1 #bfi4 if by ov]p[]+ ea* o!r1 #bgj1 #bga4 if by be+ ov]topp$1 #bga1 #bgb4 if by improp] situation ( a door1 #bgc4 if by smoke drawn d[n _! funnels1 #bgd1 #bge4 if by /rong w9ds1 #bge1 #bgf4 difficult sometimes to discov] ! cause (1 #bhb4 ,smuggl+1 reflections on1 ii4 #dcj4 enc\ragem5t (1 n hone/1 #dcb4 ,sn[1 s+ul> in/ance ( its giv+ electricity1 i4 #cgc4 ,soap-boil]1 "p ( ,frankl9's e>ly life devot$ to ! bus9ess (1 i4 #aj1 #ad4 ,societies1 ( :i* ,frankl9 0 presid5t1 i4 #aea4 le>n$1 ( :i* he 0 a memb]1 #ace4 ,socrates1 8 mode ( disputation1 i4 #ba4 ,songs1 anci5t1 give m pleasure ?an mod]n1 ii4 #cdb4 mod]n1 compos$ ( all ! defects ( spee*1 #cdd4 ,s\l1 argum5t aga9/ ! annihilation (1 iii4 #edh994 ,s\nd1 be/ m$iums = convey+1 ii4 #cce4 obs]vations on1 #ccf4 qu]ies conc]n+1 #ccg4 ,s\nds j pa/1 we h a p]fect idea ( _! pit*1 ii4 #cdj4 ,s\p-di%es at sea1 h[ to be made m conv5i5t1 ii4 #aie4 ,spa91 :at has ?9n$ its population1 ii4 #cij4 ,specific weight1 :at1 ii4 #bbf4 ,spectacles1 d\ble1 advantages (1 iii4 #edd991 #eea994 ,spee*1 at ,algi]s1 on slav]y & piracy1 ii4 #dej4 ( ,mr4 ,gall[ay1 preface to1 iii4 #afc4 la/ ( ,frankl91 on ! f$]al con/itution1 #daf4 ,spell+1 a new mode (1 recomm5d$1 ii4 #cei4 ,sph]es1 electric1 commodi\s ones1 i4 #agh4 ,spid]1 artificial1 describ$1 i4 #agg4 ,spirits1 fir$ )\t heat+1 i4 #bad1 #bde4 l95 wett$ )1 cool+ 9 inflammations1 ii4 #hg4 %\ld always be tak5 to sea 9 bottles1 #age4 ,spots 9 ! sun1 h[ =m$1 i4 #bfj4 ,squ>es1 magical squ>e (1 ii4 #cbd4 ,/af=d%ire *imney1 description (1 ii4 #bhe4 ,/amp-act 9 ,am]ica /igmatiz$1 iii4 #bbh4 lett] on ! repeal (1 iii4 #bci4 exam9ation ( ,frankl9 on1 #bde4 ,/>s4 ,see ,%oot+4 ,/ate1 int]nal1 ( ,am]ica1 iii4 #bia4 ,/orms1 causes (1 ii4 #fe4 ,/ove1 ,dut*1 its advantages & defects1 ii4 #bcc4 ,g]man1 ditto1 #bcd4 to draw d[nw>ds1 by ,j4 ,g4 ,leutmann1 #bih4 = burn+ pit-coal & consum+ its smoke1 #cja1 #cjd1 #cjh4 ,/rata ( ! e>?1 lett] on1 ii4 #aaf4 ,/rahan1 ,mr4 qu]ies by1 on ,am]ican politics1 iii4 #bhg4 answ] to ! qu]ies1 #bij4 lett] to1 disclaim+ 8 fri5d%ip1 iii4 #ced4 ,/ub]1 ,dr4 cont9uator ( ,frankl9's life1 i4 #ih4 ,/udies ( trifles1 %\ld be mod]ate1 ii4 #ie4 ,/utt]+1 "o ( ! affect$ beauties ( mod]n tunes1 ii4 #bde4 ,sug>1 cruelties ex]cis$ 9 produc+ x1 ii4 #aif4 ,sulphur globe1 its electricity diff]5t f t ( ! glass globe1 i4 #bfe4 ,sun1 supplies vap\r ) fire1 i4 #bjg4 :y n wa/$ by exp5se ( light1 #bei4 effect ( its rays on diff]5t col\r$ clo!s1 ii4 #ajh4 light (1 propos$ to be us$ in/ead ( c&lelight1 iii4 #dgj1 #dgc4 discov]$ to give light z soon z x rises1 #dga4 ,surfaces ( glass1 diff]5t /ate ( its opposite ones1 :5 electris$1 i4 #aia1 #bch4 ,swimm+1 skill ( ,frankl9 91 i4 #ff4 art (1 h[ to be acquir$1 ii4 #bjf h[ a p]son unacqua9t$ ) x may avoid s9k+1 #bjh4 a delightful & :olesome ex]cise1 ii4 #bji1 #baa4 advantage (1 to soldi]s1 #baj4 inv5tions to improve x1 ibid4 #bab4 m$ical effects (1 ibid4 ,t4 ,t>iffs1 n easily settl$ 9 ,indian trade1 iii4 #bah4 ,tautology1 an affect$ beauty ( mod]n songs1 ii4 #cde4 ,taxation1 ,am]ican1 lett]s to gov]nor ,%irley on1 iii4 #cj4 ,am]ican1 ,dr4 ,frankl9's exam9ation on1 iii4 #bdf1 #bef4 int]nal & ext]nal1 di/+ui%$1 #bei4 on importation ( goods & consumption1 diff]5ce betwe51 #bff4 ,tea-act1 ! duty on1 9 ,am]ica1 h[ consid]$ !re1 iii4 #bfa1 #cag1 #cai4 *>act]iz$ by ,mr4 ,burke1 #cai1 note4 ,tea*1 or ,blackbe>d1 "n ( a ballad writt5 by ,frankl9 9 8 y\?1 i4 #af4 ,?anks ( ! assembly ( ,p5sylvania to ,frankl91 iii4 #bad4 ,?anksgiv+-days appo9t$ 9 ,new ,engl& in/ead ( fa/s1 iii4 #cib4 ,!ory ( ! e>?1 ii4 #aag4 ( light & heat1 #abb4 ,!rmomet]1 n cool$ by bl[+ on1 :5 dry1 ii4 #hg4 electrical1 describ$1 & exp]im5ts )1 ii4 #ccf4 ,!rmometrical obs]vations on ! gulph-/ream1 ii4 #aii4 on ! w>m? ( sea-wat]1 #bjj4 ,?ir/1 may be reliev$ by sea-wat]1 h[1 ii4 #aje4 ,?und] & lightn+1 h[ caus$1 i4 #bji4 seldom he>d f> f l&1 #baf4 comp>atively little at ,b]muda1 ibid4 def9$1 #cgh4 ,?und]-gu/s1 :at1 i4 #bjc4 hypo!sis to expla9 !m1 #bjc1 et seq4 ,tides 9 riv]s1 motion (1 expla9$1 ii4 #if1 #ajb4 ,"t1 occasional fragm5ts (1 h[ to be collect$1 ii4 #dab4 is money to a tradesman1 iii4 #dfc4 ,toads live long )\t n\ri%m5t1 ii4 #bbc4 ,tol]ation 9 ,old & ,new ,engl& comp>$1 ii4 #deg4 ,torp$o1 h[ to det]m9e its electricity1 i4 #djh1 #dji4 ,t\rmal91 its s+ul> electrical prop]ties1 i4 #cgj4 exp]im5ts on x1 #cga1 #cgb4 ,trade1 pleasure att5d+ ! fir/ e>n+s 91 i4 #ha4 %\ld be "u no re/rictions1 ii4 #dae4 ex*anges 91 may be advantage\s to ea* p>ty1 #dah4 inl& c>riage no ob/ruction1 to1 iii4 #aaf4 great riv]s 9 ,am]ica1 fav\rable to1 #aah4 bills ( cr$it1 9 lieu ( money1 ! be/ m$ium (1 #aef4 w f9d & make its own rates1 #bai4 ,tradesman1 advice to a "y "o1 iii4 #dfc4 ,transportation ( felons to ,am]ica1 highly disagreeable to ! inhabitants !re1 iii4 #bce4 ,treaty betwe5 ,am]ica & ,prussia1 humane article (1 ii4 #ddi4 ,treasures1 hidd51 se>* aft]1 ridicul$1 iii4 #dej4 ,trees1 dang]\s to be "u1 9 ?und]-/orms1 i4 #bac4 ! %iv]+ (1 by lightn+1 expla9$1 #cei4 :y cool 9 ! sun1 ii4 #hg4 ,tubes ( glass1 electrical1 mann] ( rubb+1 i4 #agh4 l9$ ) a non-electric1 exp]im5t )1 #bdj4 exhau/$1 electric fire moves freely 91 #bda4 ,tunes1 anci5t ,scot*1 :y give g5]al pleasure1 ii4 #cch4 compos$ to ! wire-h>p1 #cda4 9 p>ts1 ,r\sseau's op9ion (1 #cdb4 mod]n1 absurdities (1 #cdd1 et seq4 ,turkey kill$ by electricity1 i4 #bii4 ,turks1 c]emony obs]v$ by1 9 visit+1 iii4 #dcf4 ,v4 ,u4 ,vacuum1 ,torricellian1 exp]im5t )1 i4 #bia4 electrical exp]im5t 91 #cag4 ,vap\r1 electrical exp]im5t on1 i4 #cdc4 ,vap\rs f moi/ hay1 c4 easily fir$ by lightn+1 i4 #bae4 cause ( _! ris+ consid]$1 ii4 #df1 #di4 ,vanity1 obs]vation on1 i4 #b4 ,v>ni%1 dry1 burnt by electric sp>ks1 i4 #aii4 ,vattel's ,law ( ,nations1 greatly consult$ by ! ,am]ican congress1 iii4 #cfj4 ,vegetable diet1 obs]v$ by ,frankl91 i4 #bj4 ab&on$ by ,frankl91 :y1 #dg4 ,vegetation1 effects (1 on noxi\s air1 ii4 #abi4 ,velocity ( ! electric fire1 i4 #cai4 ,virtue 9 private life exemplifi$1 iii4 #dbg4 ,v]non1 ,mr4 reposes a tru/ 9 ,frankl91 :i* he violates1 i4 #dd4 ,vis in]ti ( matt]1 obs]vations on1 ii4 #aaj4 ,visits1 unseasonable & importunate1 lett] on1 iii4 #dcb4 ,un9telligibl5ess1 a fault ( mod]n s++1 ii4 #cde4 ,union1 ,albany plan (4 ,see ,albany4 ,union ( ,am]ica ) ,brita91 lett] on1 iii4 #bci4 ,unit$ /ates ( ,am]ica1 nature ( ! congress (1 iii4 #eej994 ,voyage1 f ,bo/on to ,new ,york1 i4 #bg4 f ,new ,york to ,philadelphia1 #bh4 f ,newf\ndl& to ,new ,york1 rem>ks on1 ii4 #aig4 cross+ ! gulph /ream1 j\rnal (1 #aii4 f ,philadelphia to ,france1 #bjj1 #bja4 f ! *annel to ,am]ica1 #bjb4 to b5efit di/ant c\ntries1 propos$1 #djc4 ,vulg> op9ions1 too mu* slight$1 ii4 #adf4 ,w4 ,waggons1 numb] (1 suppli$ by ,frankl91 on a milit>y em]g5cy1 i4 #aca4 ,w>1 civil1 :e!r x /r5g!ns a c\ntry consid]$1 ii4 #cii4 obs]vations on1 #dce4 laws (1 gradually humaniz$1 ib4 humane article respect+1 9 a treaty betwe5 ,prussia & ,am]ica1 ii4 #ddi4 ,fr5*1 ( #ageg1 its orig91 iii4 #bgd4 ,w>m rooms d n make p t5d]1 or give colds1 ii4 #bdi4 ,wa%+ton1 e>ly milit>y tal5ts (1 i4 #acj4 ,frankl9's beque/ to1 #afd4 ,wat]1 a p]fect conductor ( electricity1 i4 #bja4 /rongly electrifi$1 rises 9 vap\r1 #bjd4 p>ticles (1 9 ris+1 are atta*$ to p>ticles ( air1 #bje4 & air1 attract ea* o!r1 #bjf4 explod$ l gunp[d]1 by electricity1 #ceh4 expansion (1 :5 r$uc$ to vap\r1 ib4 saturat$ ) salt1 precipitates ! 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,index cov]s all ?ree volumes & 0 orig9ally pr9t$ at ! end ( ,volume #a only4 ,x has be5 copi$ to ! end ( ,volume #b & #c z a conv5i5ce = ! read]4 ,! ,index _h no page numb]s 9 ! orig9al text2 page numb]s f #a;i to #cf;i h be5 add$ = complet5ess4 ,= cl>ity1 "s volume id5tifi]s 7i4 or ii4 or iii47 h be5 add$1 or remov$1 9 ! index4 ,only ref]5ces )9 ?is volume h be5 hyp]l9k$4 ,! ,index has "s ref]5ces to page numb]s ) a 991 eg #eea994 ,^! are valid ref]5ces2 ! book pr9t] ins]t$ pages #edc99-eef99 betwe5 pages #edb & #edc 9 ,vol iii4