,sum]ian ,hymns f ,cunei=m ,texts 9 ! ,briti% ,museum ,fr$]ick ,augu/us ,v&]burgh ,note ,! s-call$ 8,sum]ian ,"q0 z to ! g5u9e l+ui/ic "* ( ! anci5t ,non-,semitic ,babylonian texts has agitat$ ! ,assyriological _w = m ?an tw5ty ye>s4 ,! new ,sum]ian matt] f ! monum5ts :i* is con/antly com+ to h& dem&s1 9 ! int]e/ ( all ^? :o c look ^u ?is discussion ) imp>tial eyes1 a mo/ rigid & unprejudic$ exam9ation4 ,dr4 ,v&]burgh 9 ! foll[+ monograph has adh]$ to ! views exp\nd$ 9 my 8,mat]ials = a ,sum]ian ,lexicon0 7,j4 ,c4 ,h9ri*s's*e ,bu*h&lung1 #aije-aijg71 t ! s-call$ ,sum]ian 0 orig9ally a ,non-,semitic agglut9ative language :i*1 9 ! c\rse ( _m c5turies ( ,semitic influ5ces1 became s incru/$ ) ,semiticisms1 mo/ ( !m ! result ( a v gradual developm5t ( ! e>li] =eign sacr$ spee* ( ! prie/s1 t x is really n surpris+ to f9d ! !ory t ,sum]ian 0 m]ely a ,semitic cryptography set =? & vigor\sly upheld by s em95t a s*ol> z ,pr(essor ,halvy 7,,msl41 pp4 ,,viii1 ,,ix74 ,! /udy ( ! m anci5t ,non-,semitic texts1 m p>ticul>ly ( ! ,sum]ian unil+ual hymns1 _c fail to %$ additional light on ! nature ( ?is peculi> idiom1 besides furni%+ a valuable addition to ! /udy ( ! ,babylonian religi\s sy/em4 ,! texts ( ! hymns 9 ,vol4 ,,xv4 ( ! ,brit4 ,mus4 ,cun4 ,texts are n always 9 good condition & pres5t _m difficulties1 a solution ( "s ( :i*1 x is hop$1 has be5 sugge/$ 9 ?is "w ) at lea/ approximate correctness4 ,john ,dyneley ,pr9ce ,columbia ,univ]sity ,octob] #a/1 #aijg ,to ! ,rev4 ,edw>d ,judson1 ,d4 ,d41 9 recognition ( 8 fri5d%ip to ! au?or & ( 8 int]e/ 9 ,ori5tal /udies ,preface ,vol4 ,,xv4 ( ! 8,cunei=m ,texts f ,babylonian ,tablets 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 pr9t$ by ord] ( ! ,tru/ees01 0 publi%$ 9 #aijb4 ,plates #g-cj ( ?is valuable volume conta9 hymns address$ to ,bl1 ,n]gal1 ,adad1 ,s91 ,tammuz1 ,bau & ,n+irgilu4 ,( ^!1 besides ! translations giv5 9 ! pres5t "w1 ! foll[+ h be5 translat$ & comm5t$ on2 viz41 ,j4 ,dyneley ,pr9ce1 ,j\r4 ,am]4 ,or4 ,soc41 xxviii1 pp4 #afh-ahb1 a hymn to ,n]gal 7,pl4 #ad72 & a hymn to ,s9 7also r5d]$ & expla9$ 9 ?is !sis7 by ,e4 ,gu?rie ,p]ry1 9 ,hymn5 und ,gebete an ,s9 7,pl4 #ag74 ,9 press at pres5t are also translations by ,j4 ,d4 ,pr9ce1 a hymn to ,bau1 ,vol4 ,,xv4 ,pl4 #bb 9 ! ,h>p] ,memorial ,volume 7,*icago72 &1 by ! same au?or1 a hymn to ,n+irgilu1 ,vol4 ,,xv4 ,pl4 #bc1 9 ! ,paul ,haupt ,collection to appe> 9 #aijh4 ,all ^! hymns 9 ,plates #g-cj /& by !mselves z di/9ct f any?+ hi!rto publi%$4 ,!y are unil+ual1 a fact indicat+ t !y are v anci5t & fur!rmore add+ mat]ially to ! difficulty ( _! translation4 ,?is ,!sis v5tures a translit]ation1 translation & comm5t>y ( f\r ( ! hymns :i* are peculi>ly difficult ow+ to _! unil+ual ,non-,semitic "*4 ,( ! hi/ory ( ! tablets 9 "q1 :i* are all 9 ! ,old ,babylonian "*1 we h no in=mation4 ,!y mu/ tell _! own /ory4 ,! writ] ( ?is ,!sis wi%es to ackn[l$ge ) mu* appreciation ! aid giv5 him by ,dr4 ,john ,dyneley ,pr9ce1 ,pr(essor ( ,semitic ,languages 9 ,columbia ,univ]sity1 9 ! prep>ation ( ?is "w4 ,new ,york1 ,oct4 #a/1 #aijg ,f4 ,a4 ,v&]burgh ,li/ ( ,abbreviations ,,al3 ,assyris*e ,lese/cke1 von ,fri$ri* ,delitzs*4 ,vi]te dur*aus neu be>beitete ,auflage4 ,,ask3 ,akkadis*e & ,sum]is*e ,keils*rifttexte1 von ,paul ,haupt4 ,,bn3 ,das ,babylonis*e ,nimrodepos1 von ,paul ,haupt4 ,br3 ,a ,classifi$ ,li/ ( ,cunei=m ,ideograms1 ,compil$ by ,rudolph ,e4 ,brnn[4 ,,cdal43 ,a ,concise ,diction>y ( ! ,assyrian ,language1 by ,william ,muss-,arnolt4 ,c3 ,! ,code ( ammurabi1 ,k+ ( ,babylon1 by ,rob]t ,francis ,h>p]4 ,cl]3 ,collection de ,cl]cq4 ,catalogue4 ,antiquits ,assyri5nes4 ,,ct3 ,cunei=m ,texts f ,babylonian ,tablets 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,dc3 ,dc\v]tes en ,*alde1 p> ,erne/ de ,s>zec4 ,,ebh3 ,e>ly ,babylonian ,hi/ory1 by ,hugo ,radau4 ,,ebl3 ,explorations 9 ,bible ,l&s dur+ ! #ai? ,c5tury1 by ,h4 ,v4 ,hilpre*t4 ,,hba3 ,a ,hi/ory ( ,babylonia & ,assyria1 by ,r4 ,w4 ,rog]s4 ,,hw3 ,assyris*es ,h&wrt]bu*1 von ,fri$ri* ,delitzs*4 ,,ig3 ,! ,great ,cyl9d] ,inscriptions ,a & ,b ( ,gudea1 by ,ira ,maurice ,price4 ,,ja3 ,j\rnal ,asiatique4 ,,jras3 ,! ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,asiatic ,society4 ,,msl3 ,mat]ials = a ,sum]ian ,lexicon1 by ,john ,dyneley ,pr9ce4 ,n3 ,nippur1 or ,explorations & ,adv5tures on ! ,euphrates1 by ,john ,punnett ,pet]s4 ,,obi3 ,old ,babylonian ,inscriptions1 *iefly f ,nippur4 ,by ,h4 ,v4 ,hilpre*t4 ,,obtr3 ,old ,babylonian ,temple ,records1 by ,rob]t ,julius ,lau4 ,r3 ,cunei=m ,inscriptions ( ,we/]n ,asia1 prep>$ by ,sir ,h5ry ,rawl9son4 ,,raao3 ,revue d',assyriologie et d',ar*ologie ,ori5tale4 ,,rba3 ,die ,religion ,babyloni5s und ,assyri5s1 von ,morris ,ja/r[1 ,jr4 ,,rsa3 ,recueil de ,signes ,ar*aiques de l'criture ,cuni=me1 p> ,v4 ,s*eil4 ,,ssd3 ,les ,signes ,sumri5s d]ivs1 p> ,paul ,toscanne4 ,,sso3 ,a ,sket* ( ,semitic ,orig9s1 by ,george ,a>on ,b>ton4 ,,sva3 ,die ,sum]is*5 ,v]bal-,af=mative na* d5 lte/5 ,keil9s*rift51 von ,v9c5t ,brumm]4 ,,tc3 ,tableau ,comp> des critures ,babyloni5ne et ,assyri5ne ,ar*aiques et ,mod]nes1 p> ,a4 ,amiaud et ,l4 ,me*9eau4 ,,tea3 ,d] ,tontafelfund von ,el ,am>na1 h]ausgegeb5 von ,hugo ,w9ckl]4 ,,tr3 ,travels & ,rese>*es 9 ,*aldaea & ,susiana1 by ,wm4 ,k4 ,l(tus4 ,table ( ,cont5ts ,page ,introduction #a ,*apt] ,i #ba ,translit]ation1 ,translation & ,comm5t>y1 ,hymn to ,bel ,*apt] ,,ii #db ,translit]ation1 ,translation & ,comm5t>y1 ,hymn to ,s9 ,*apt] ,,iii #ee ,translit]ation1 ,translation & ,comm5t>y1 ,hymn to ,adad ,*apt] ,,iv #gj ,translit]ation1 ,translation & ,comm5t>y1 ,hymn to ,tammuz ,gloss>y #ha ,introduction ,! gods honor$ 9 ! hymns treat$ 9 ! foll[+ ,!sis are ,bl1 ,s9 7,nann>71 ,adad 7,ramman7 & ,tammuz1 all deities ( ! old ,babylonian pan!on1 repres5t+ diff]5t phases ( p]sonality & =ce1 conceiv$ ( z incorporat$ 9 nature & z affect+ ! de/9ies ( m54 ,^! gods are sev]ally designat$ 9 ! hymns z foll[s3 9 ,tablet #acifc1 ,rev4 #a1 8,o ,bl ( ! m\nta9s20 9 ,tablet #acicj1 ,obv4 #b1 8,o fa!r ,nann>20 9 ,tablet #bifca1 ,obv4 #aj1 8,o ,ramman1 k+ ( heav502 & 9 ,tablet #bifbh1 ,obv4 #c1 8,! "l ,tammuz0 7,,ct4 ,,xv1 #aj1 #ae1 #af1 #ag & #ai74 ,! attributes & de$s belong+ to ^! div9ities are adduc$ f a wide range ( lit]ature1 beg9n+ ) ! royal inscriptions ( ! pre-dyna/ic p]iods & end+ ) ! inscriptions ( ! mon>*s ( ! lat] ,babylonian empire4 ,9 fact1 ! build+ inscriptions ( ! ,babylonians1 ! w> inscriptions ( ! ,assyrians1 ! leg5d>y lit]ature1 ! incantations1 z well z ! religi\s collections1 p>ticul>ly ! hymns1 af=d u _m descriptions1 ( great] or less l5g?1 ( all ! ,babylonian gods4 ,to aid ! /ud5t 9 und]/&+ bett] ! "* ( ! f\r gods ^: hymns h be5 translat$ 9 ! foll[+ ,!sis1 ,i "h give a brief descriptive sket* ( ea* ( ! deities ^: praises 7 sung 9 ! docum5ts :i* ,i h *os5 to r5d]4 #a4 ,bl ,bl 0 ! mo/ anci5t ( all ,babylonian gods & 0 a popul> deity ?r\gh ! hi/oric rise & fall ( sev]al ,babylonian /ates1 :5 no o!r god receiv$ prom95t recognition4 ,:5 ,en-ag-kuanna1 "l ( ,kngi1 subdu$ ! city ( ,k 9 ! nor? ( ,babylonia1 he br\ght ! spoil ( 8 victory to ,bl4 8,to ,bl 7,en-lil71 k+ ( ! l&s1 ,en-ag-kuanna1 "l ( ,kngi1 ! spoil ( ,k1 wick$ ( he>t1 he pres5t$40#a ,urukag9a1 k+ ( ,laga1 built a temple to ,n+irsu1 ! god ( ,girsu1 b he1 9 honor+ ,n+irsu z ! h]o ( ,bl1 0 really honor+ ,bl4 8,= ,n+irsu1 ! h]o ( ,bl1 ,urukag9a1 k+ ( irpurla1 8 h\se he built40#b ,eannatum1 :o 0 patesi ( ,laga & made himself k+ ( ,k1 calls himself ! *os5 ( ,bl1 z foll[s3 8,eannatum1 patesi ( irpurla1 *os5 ( ,bl40#c ,entem5a1 :o is call$ 9 ! ,vase ( ,silv]1 8son ( ,enanatum01#d & :o probably 0 ! nephew ( ,eannatum1 introduces 8 f9e ,cone ,inscription ) ^! words3 8,bl1 k+ ( ! l&s1 fa!r ( ! gods40#e ,he also claims 9 ! same inscription to d]ive ! "r to reign f ,bl3 8,entem5a1 patesi ( irpurla1 to :om a sceptre is giv5 by ,bl40#f ,entem5a's ,cone also gives u in=mation ab\t ,mesilim4 ,x speaks ( ,mesilim z 8k+ ( ,k40#g ,9 describ+ ! victory ( ,mesilim ov] ! ,gibanites1 a p locat$ app>5tly n v f> f ,k1 ,entem5a tells u t ! victory 0 effect$ by ! comm& ( ,bl4 8,^u ! comm& ( ,bl a sc\rge he 7,mesilim7 br\ght ov] !m 7! ,gibanites72 ! dead 9 a field ( ! l& he buri$40#h ,= map %[+ suppos$ location ( ,giban1 see ,,sso4 p4 #aeh4 ,lugalzaggisi1 a usurp] f ! nor?1 mak+ himself ma/] ( ! _w 9 all directions & sett+ up a ?rone at ,ere*1 9 8 inscription ( #acb l9es1 freely recognizes ! favor ( ,bl4 8,bl1 k+ ( ! l&s1 to ,lugalzaggisi1 k+ ( ,ere*1 ! k+%ip ( ! _w did give40#i ,9 ?is p]iod prec$+ ,s>gon ,i41 ama seems to h a di/9ct place 9 ! religi\s _w1 b he does n receive ! att5tion t ,bl receives4 ,he is p>ticul>ly m5tion$ 9 "o inscription2 viz41 9 ! ,/le des ,vaut\rs1 :]e he is spok5 ( z 8ama1 ! k+ :o disp5ses spl5d\r40#aj ,! date ( ^! e>ly ,babylonian rul]s1 ( c\rse1 is1 z yet1 n accurately det]m9$4 ,! relative age ( ea* is made out *iefly f palaeographic evid5ces 7see ,,ebh4 p4 #h1 = example71 supplem5t$ ) ! attempt at fitt+ into "o h>moni\s :ole ! ev5ts :i* ! inscriptions ( ^! rul]s divulge4 ,!n ! :ole s*$ule is cr[d$ backw>d or =w>d or int]nally *ang$ f "t to "t z new evid5ce is ga!r$ = or aga9/ ! te/imony ( ,nabonidus 7#eee-ech ,b4 ,c47 :o1 :5 he discov]$ ! tablet ( ,n>m-,s91 decl>$ t he 0 gaz+ on t :i* no eyes _h beheld = ?irty-two hundr$ ye>s4 ,nabonidus says3 8,i dug to a dep? ( eighte5 cubits1 & ! f\ndation ( ,n>m-,s91 ! son ( ,s>gon1 :i* = ?irty-two hundr$ ye>s no k+ t _h prec$$ me _h discov]$1 ama1 ! great ,"l ( ,e-b>ra1 p]mitt$ me1 ev5 me1 to behold40#aa ,on ! suppos$ relation ( ^! k+s to ,n>m-,s91 ! rul]s ,en-ag-kuanna1 a k+ ( ! s\?1 ,urukag9a1 ( ,laga1 & ,mesilim1 a k+ rul+ at ,k1 are plac$ along ab\t ! date ( #dejj ,b4 ,c41 :ile ,eannatum1 ,enannatum & ,entem5a1 successive rul]s at ,laga1 are plac$ ne> ! date ( #dbjj ,b4 ,c4 ,lugalzaggisi ( ,ere* is plac$ at #djjj ,b4 ,c4 ,x may be /at$ "h t ! date ( ,s>gon ,i4 z #chjj ,b4 ,c4 is obta9$ by add+ to #cbjj ! date ( ! reign ( ,nabonidus z #eej ye>s ,b4 ,c4 & also ! l5g? ( ! reign ( ,s>gon ,i4 z #ej ye>s4 ,! seat ( ,bl's cult 0 ,nippur1 a city ly+ betwe5 ! ,euphrates & ,tigris1 a little bel[ ,babylon1 & locat$1 z x 71 9 ! midway favorable to receiv+ homage f k+s ( ei!r ! nor? or ! s\? ( ,babylonia4 ,we f9d x m5tion$ z e>ly z ! "t ( ,entem5a1 :o 9 "o ( 8 inscriptions1 9 speak+ ( some?+ pres5t$ to ,bl1 says3 8,to ,bl ( ,nippur by ,entem5a x 0 pres5t$04#ab ,9 ! bil+ual leg5d ( ! ,creation1 ,nippur seems to be reg>d$ z a v old city4 ,x is plac$ at ! head ( ! li/ ( ?ree t are m5tion$ z anci5t cities ( ,babylonia4 8,nippur 0 n made2 ,e-kur 0 n built4 ,ere* 0 n made2 ,e-anna 0 n built4 ,! abyss 0 n made2 ,eridu 0 n built40#ac ,nippur evid5tly is old] ?an ! wor%ip ( ,bl & ! conception ( ,bl is old] ?an ! fir/ k+ ( :om we h m5tion2 viz41 ,en-ag-kuanna1 :o is plac$ at #dejj ,b4 ,c4 ,at ,nippur 0 locat$ ,bl's great temple :i* 0 commonly call$ ,e-kur1 h\se ( ! m\nta91 a "n p>ticul>ly descriptive ( ! %r9e ( ,bl re/+ on ! top ( ! m\nta9-l ziggurrat4 ,s>gon ,i4 calls himself ! build] ( ,bl's temple at ,nippur1 & ,n>m-,s91 ! son ( ,s>gon1 also calls himself ! build] ( ,bl's temple4 ,s>gon's language1 :i* we take f a door-socket f\nd at ,nippur1 is3 8argani-ar-li1 son ( ,itti-,bl1 ! mighty k+ ( ,agade1 build] ( ,e-kur1 temple ( ,bl 9 ,nippur04#ad ,! language ( ,n>m-,s9 f a brick /amp f\nd at ,nippur is3 8,n>m-,s91 build] ( ! temple ( ,bl04#ae ,nei!r ,s>gon nor 8 son meant t he 0 ! orig9al build] ( ,e-kur4 ,!y 7 simply repair]s ( ! temple1 l _m o!r k+s4 ,_m k+s d[n to ! la/ k+ ( ! la/ empire took mu* pride 9 rebuild+ temples4 ,!re mu/ h be5 a temple at ,nippur :5 ,en-ag-kuanna pres5t$ ! spoil ( ,k to ,bl4 ,excavations at ,nippur %[ t1 z !re are great deposits ( debris above ! temple pavem5ts made by ,s>gon & 8 son1 s b5ea? ^! pavem5ts !re is a fur!r great lay] ( debris1 prov+ t ! f\nd+ ( ,e-kur mu/ rea* f> back into ! d>kness ( pre-hi/oric antiquity4 ,s>gon's bricks 7 ! fir/ to be> a /amp :i* we may consid] to imply a date1 b !y 7 n ! fir/ bricks laid4 ,! ziggurrat :i* ,ur-,gur1 an e>ly k+ ( ,ur1 built is ! fir/ ( :i* we h def9ite k4 ,we "k some?+ ( ! pavem5t t ,s>gon ,i4 & ,n>m-,s9 built1 b ( ! "* ( ! build+s t might h re/$ on ?is pavem5t we h no in=mation4 ,ur-,gur level$ ! gr\nd & built a new plat=m1 #h feet high & #ajj by #agj feet 9 area ) a ziggurrat consi/+ ( ?ree /ages4 ,"s ( ! fac+s ( 8 /ructure 7 made ( burnt brick1 be>+ ! inscription ( ,ur-,gur 7see ,n4 ,,ii1 #abd74 ,! greate/ temple ,nippur ev] _h 0 built by an ,assyrian k+2 viz41 ,aurbnipal4 ,! /ructure cov]$ a l>g] surface ?an any be=e x4 ,! walls1 in/ead ( be+ pla91 7 ornam5t$ ) squ>e half columns4 ,! l[] t]race 0 fac$ ) bak$ brick1 /amp$ ) an inscription 9 :i* ! ziggurrat is d$icat$ to ,bl1 ! "l ( ! l&s1 by ,aurbnipal1 ! mighty k+1 ! k+ ( ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! e>?1 ! build] ( ,e-kur 7see ,n4 ,,ii1 #abf74 ,e-kur1 ! temple ( ,bl at ,nippur1 z re/or$ on ! basis ( ! discov]ies ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania ,exploration ,fund1 consi/s ( two c\rts1 an out] & an inn] c\rt4 ,)9 ! inn] c\rt /&s ! ziggurrat1 ris+ to a t[] ( ?ree or f\r /ages :i* ! mo/ dev\t pilgrims might p]haps asc5d4 ,at ! top is an enclos$ %r9e 9 :i* is a /atue ( ,bl4 ,"h ,bl & 8 consort1 ,blit1 = ,babylonian gods ma9ta9 family relations l human be+s1 are suppos$ to dwell4 ,9 figur9es ,bl appe>s z an old man1 dress$ 9 royal robes1 g5]ally c>ry+ a ?und]-bolt 9 8 h& 7see ,n4 ,,ii1 #abh74 ,by ! side ( ! ziggurrat /&s a temple = ! use ( ! prie/s4 ,we may assume on ! :ole1 no d\bt1 t ! assembly ( pilgrims 0 conf9$ *iefly to ! out] c\rt 7see ,,ebl4 #dgj74 ,bl 0 at fir/ a local deity1 b z ! circumf]5ce ( ! political t]ritory ( :i* ,nippur 0 ! religi\s c5tre 0 enl>g$1 s ,bl's cult 0 ext5d$4 ,o!r cities includ$ 9 ! same political doma9 ) ,nippur1 recogniz$ ,bl z "l4 ,bl 0 a sort ( w> god4 ,k+s rival$ "o ano!r 9 c\rt+ 8 favor4 ,! victori\s k+ attribut$ 8 success to ,bl & br\ght ! spoil to ,bl4 ,! k+ ( ! s\?1 :e!r ( ,laga1 ,ere* or ,ur1 & ! k+ ( ! nor?1 :e!r ( ,k or ,agade1 always w5t to ,nippur to celebrate 8 victory4 ,9 ?is way ,bl's lord%ip came to be recogniz$ z ext5d+ ov] all ,babylonia & f9ally ov] ,assyria4 ammurabi1 k+ at ,babylon1 #bcjj ,b4 ,c41 recogniz$ 8,bl z "l ( heav5 & e>?1 :o det]m9es ! de/9y ( ! l&01#af & ,tigla?-piles] ,i4 7ab\t #aajj ,b4 ,c471 ! fir/ great ,assyrian conqu]or1 call$ ,bl 8! fa!r ( ! gods & ,bl ( ! l&s01#ag & speaks ( himself z 8appo9t$ to dom9ion ov] ! c\ntry ( ,bl04#ah ,! ,semitic appropriation ( ,en-lil involv$ "s trans=mation 9 ! conception ( ,bl4 ,n to ref] to ,pale/9e1 !re 7 ?ree ,bls2 ! ,sum]ian ,bl1 ! ,semitic ,bl & ! new ,bl or ,m>duk1 :o1 h[ev]1 0 really a diff]5t god4 ,! ,babylonian ,bl1 ei!r 9 ! m9d ( ! ,sum]ian1 ( ! ,babylonian or ( ! ,assyrian1 always _h 8 seat at ,nippur4 ,"u ,semitic influ5ce ,bl became "l ( ! _w4 ,he 0 "o 9 ! hi]>*y ( ?ree :o rul$ ! univ]se2 viz41 ,anu1 ! "l ( ! heav5s1 ,bl1 ! "l ( ! e>?1 & ,ea1 ! "l ( ! deep4 ,! ,sum]ian "n1 ,en-lil1 made ,bl ! 8"l ( fulness04 ,! ,semitic "n ,bl emphasiz$ ! fact ( 8 lord%ip1 & ! "n ( 8 temple1 ,e-kur1 8h\se ( ! m\nta901 m>k$ out ! scope ( 8 lord%ip4 ,! e>? 0 conceiv$ ( z a m\nta9 re/+ on ! abyss1 & ! temple ) its ziggurrat 0 built to rise up l a m\nta9 out ( ! deep4 ,! p c\ld /& 9 ! c\rt ( ! temple at ,nippur & say ( ! m\nta9-l /ructure3 8,o great m\nta9 ( ,bl1 ,o airy m\nta91 ,^: summit rea*es heav51 ,^: f\ndation 9 ! %9+ deep is firmly laid1 ,on ! l& l a mighty bull ly+1 ,) gleam+ horns l ! rays ( ! ris+ sun1 ,l ! />s ( heav5 t are fill$ ) lu/re60#ai ,:5 ,babylon became ! *ief city ( all ,babylonia1 x 0 natural t its god %\ld be reg>d$ z supreme4 ,x 0 at ?is po9t t political lord%ip seem$ to pass f ! old ,bl to ! new1 namely to ,m>duk4 ammurabi1 "o ( ! e>ly k+s at ,babylon1 speaks ( ,bl z volunt>ily transf]r+ 8 p[] to ,m>duk4 ,9 ! ,assyrian leg5d ( ! ,creation ?is transf] is dramatically enact$4 ,! task ( ov]com+ ! mon/] ,timat naturally belong$ to ,bl4 ,b ,m>duk1 ! y\?ful god ( ,eridu1 ! son ( ,ea1 0 urg$ to attempt ! feat4 ,:5 he _h sla9 ! mon/]1 !re 0 joy among ! gods4 ,!y vi$ ) ea* o!r 9 be/[+ honor on ! victor4 ,f9ally ,bl /eps =w>d & conf]s an honor also4 ,he be/[$ on ,m>duk 8 own title ) ^! words3 8,fa!r ,bl calls ,m>duk ! "l ( ! _w40#bj ,m>duk1 !re=e1 is sometimes call$ ! new ,bl 9 di/9ction f ,en-lil1 ! old ,bl4 ,! idea ( orig9s is app>5tly n v fully elaborat$ 9 ,babylonian lit]ature4 ,= in/ance1 ! ,babylonians did n come s ne> to ! idea ( creation ex nihilo z ! ,hebrews4 ,_! cosmogony />ts ) *aos4 ,! expanse ( ! heav5s appe>s speck$ ) />s1 "s ( :i* move ) regul>ity4 ,! moon travels across ! expanse accord+ to a prescrib$ ord]4 ,!n ! ,babylonian bil+ual acc\nt ( ! ,creation gives a %ort /atem5t ( ! creation ( ! l& & sea1 ( man & bea/4 ,g5]ally1 h[ev]1 ! div9ity t plann$ & p]fect$ ord] seems to be f> 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,! bil+ual acc\nt says3 8,m>duk con/ruct$ an enclosure be=e ! wat]s1 ,he made du/ & heap$ x up )9 ! enclosure4 ,mank9d he creat$4 ,animals ( ! field1 creatures ( ! field he creat$4 ,! ,tigris & ! ,euphrates he made & 9 place put 7!m7 ,by _! names joyfully he call$ !m04#ba ,n[ ,m>duk1 we "k1 took ! place ( ,bl & ,bl h&$ ov] 8 pr]ogatives to ,m>duk4 ,9 transf]r+ 8 rights he mu/ h giv5 ov] also 8 p[] to create4 ,if ,m>duk possess$ ! p[] to create 9 ! "t ( 8 popul>ity1 ,bl mu/ h _h ! same p[] 9 ! days ( 8 glory1 be=e he 0 succe$$ by ,m>duk4 ,!re=e we are l$ to ! belief t ! e>ly ,babylonians look$ ^u ,bl z ! creator ( animal & human life on e>?4 ,! foll[+ hymn may be reg>d$ z embody+ a leg5d>y view ( ,bl z creator1 :ile ! idea ( de/ruction is also incorporat$ 9 ! hymn3 8,( ,bl1 mighty h&1 ,:o lifts up glory & spl5d\r1 day ( p[]4 ,fe>fulness he e/abli%es4 ,"l ( ,,dun4,,pa4,,ud4,,du4,a1 mighty h&4 ,fe>fulness he e/abli%es4 ,/ormy "o1 fa!r1 "m1 creator1 mighty h&4 ,! cat*-net he ?r[s ov] ! ho/ile l&4 ,"l1 great w>rior1 mighty h&4 ,a firm h\se he raises up2 ! enemy he ov]?r[s4 ,! %9+ "o1 "l ( ,nippur1 mighty h&4 ,! "l1 ! life ( ! l&1 ! mass ( heav5 & e>?40#bb #b4 ,s9 ,next aft] ,bl1 ! moon-god is wor?y ( consid]ation1 because ( ! age ( 8 cult1 & because ( ! greatness ( its influ5ce 9 ,babylonia4 ,! moon-god _h two ,sum]ian names1 two ,assyrian names & two great temples4 ,! ,sum]ian "n mo/ (t5 appli$ to ! moon-god is is-ki1 ! p>ticul> mean+ ( :i* 9 ?is case does n seem to be v pat5t4 ,if ! two syllables is & ki are tak5 z n\ns1 ! "o is ! con/ruct /ate & ! o!r 9 ! g5itive relation1 ! "n means 8bro!r ( ! l&01 t is1 8protector ( ! l&01 or 8help] ( ! l&04 ,! o!r ,sum]ian "n is ,en-zu1 "l ( wisdom1 ! intellectual attribute ( wisdom be+ closely relat$ to ! physical prop]ty ( giv+ light4 ,:ile !re=e is-ki expresses ! mat]ial relation ( ! moon to ! e>?1 ,en-zu seems to /ate ! intellectual relation ( ! moon-god to ! affairs ( ! e>?4 ,! fir/ ,assyrian "n ( ! moon-god to be consid]$ is ,nann>4 ,! d]ivation ( ?is "n is /ill 9 d\bt4 ,x g5]ally occurs 9 bil+ual lit]ature z ! ,assyrian equival5t ( ! ,sum]ian is-ki 7see ,,iv ,r4 #i1 #c-ah74 ,ja/r[ ?9ks t ! ^w ,nann> is made by ! r$uplication ( n>1 8light01 & ! assimilation ( ! fir/ r1 ,n> n> ,nann> 7see ,,rba4 p4 #gb74 ,! o!r ,assyrian "n1 connect$ ) ! moon-god m (t5 at ,h>ran ?an at ,ur1 is ,s91 ! sign be+ ,e1 us$ also = 8?irty01 & is appli$ to ! moon-god z ! deity ( ! mon? ( ?irty days4 ,z ! cult ( ! moon-god travel$ f ,ur to ,h>ran1 s ! "n ( ,s9 travel$ ev5 into ! p59sula ( ,arabia & probably became a local "n !re 9 ! wild]ness4 ,! ,assyrian k+s ( ! second empire seem$ to pref] to call ! moon-god by ! "n ,s91 b ! ,semitic ,babylonians call$ him ,nann>4 ,nann> _h a temple at ,ur1 call$ ,e-giirgal1 & "o at ,h>ran1 kn[n z ,e-ulul4 ,ur 0 ! olde/ ( ! two temple cities4 ,its hi/ory may possibly rea* back to #djjj ,b4 ,c4 ,ur held a position 9 s\!rn ,babylonia simil> to t held by ,nippur 9 nor!rn ,babylonia1 b 0 n s old z ,nippur4 ,ur 0 ! religi\s c5tre 9 ! s\? ) ,nann> z ! /ate god1 z ,nippur 0 ! religi\s c5tre 9 ! nor? ) ,bl z ! /ate god4 ,:5 ! /ates ( ! s\? & ! nor? 7 unit$ "u ammurabi1 ,babylon1 becom+ ! religi\s capital ( ! s\? & ! nor? comb9$1 ! /ate lu/re ( ! god ( ,babylon naturally came to dim ! glory ( ! god ( ,ur z well z t ( ,nippur4 ,h>ran1 situat$ on ! ,euphrates 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ,assyria1 nev] figur$ 9 /ate p[]1 & 0 prom95t only because ( ! importance ( ! ev5ts t c5t]$ !re1 on ! road betwe5 ! ea/ & ! we/4 ,nabonidus1 ! la/ ,semitic ,babylonian k+ 7#eee-ech ,b4 ,c47 0 an en?usia/ic devotee ( ! moon-god4 ,he tells u :at ,aurbnipal did to ! temple ( ! moon-god at ,mugheir4 ,9 speak+ ( t temple1 he calls x ! h\se ( ,s9 :i* ,aurbnipal1 k+ ( ,assyria1 son ( ,es>haddon1 k+ ( ,assyria _h built4 ,nabonidus himself rebuilt bo? ! temples ( ! moon-god1 ! temple ( ,e-giirgal at ,ur & ! temple ( ,e-ulul at ,h>ran1 & he gives u a description ( ! rebuild+ ( bo?4 ,we also h two pray]s ( ,nabonidus address$ to ! moon-god1 "o address$ to him at ,e-giirgal1 ! o!r address$ to him at ,e-ulul 7see ,i ,r4 #fh1 ,col4 ,i1 #f ff4 & ,v ,r4 #fd1 ,col4 ,i1 #h ff474 ,! temple ru9s ( ,e-giirgal h be5 well uncov]$4 ,! temple is ( rectangul> =m1 ! f\r corn]s turn$ t[>ds ! f\r c>d9al po9ts ( ! compass4 ,! plat=m ( ! base is at ! level ( ! ro(s ( ! h\ses1 made ( solid masonry ( bricks & rea*$ by /eps at ! end4 ,on ! plat=m are two /ag+s1 also ( solid masonry rea*$ by /eps at "o end4 ,on ! second /ag+ is a %r9e ( ! moon-god4 ,9 sculpture he appe>s z an old man ) long be>d & dress$ 9 royal robes4 ,he we>s a hat & 9 ! sc5e !re is always a ?9 cresc5t 7see ,cl]cq1 ,vol4 ,i1 ,plates ,x-,,xv74 ,l(tus & ,taylor bo? give draw+s ( ! temple ( ,e-giirgal 7see ,,tr4 p4 #abg & ,,jras4 ,,xv1 p4 #bfj47 ,! ru9s ( ! temple ( ! moon-god at ,h>ran h n yet be5 uncov]$ to ! ext5t t ! plan ( ! temple c be laid be=e u4 ,!ologically1 ,nann> /ood at ! head ( ! second triad ( gods4 ,! hi]>*y ( ! univ]se consi/$ ( ! god ,anu1 ! god ,bl & ! god ,ea4 ,! hi]>*y ( heav5 consi/$ ( ! god ,nann>1 ! god ama & ! god ,it>2 t is1 ! moon-god1 ! sun-god & ! />-god4 ,! reason = plac+ ,nann> above ama 0 t ,nann> 0 ! god ( ! rul+ city1 :ile ama 0 ! city god ( ! dep5d5t /ate1 ?\gh ! sun :i* ama repres5ts is /rong] ?an ! moon :i* ,nann> repres5ts1 & we %\ld expect ama1 !re=e1 to receive ! fir/ place4 ,! god ( ! city ( ,l>sa 0 ama4 ,! god ( ! city ( ,ur 0 ,nann>4 ,:5 ,l>sa became subject to ,ur1 ! god ( ,l>sa2 viz41 ama1 became ! *ild ( ! god ( ,ur2 t is1 ( ,nann>4 ,! relation ( ! night to ! cal5d> also %[s t ! rank ( ,nann> 0 sup]ior to t ( ama4 ,! day began at ev5+2 n ) ! morn+4 ,! sun too 0 ! son ( ! night2 t is1 x issu$ =? f ! night1 9 ! morn+4 ,k+s1 ?9k+ ( ?is fact1 t ! sun 0 born ( ! night1 (t5 address$ ama z ! (fspr+ ( ! god ,s94 ,! ris+ ( ! moon 9 ! night to s5d =? its light into ! d>kness also impress$ ! ,babylonian ) ! p[] ( ! moon4 ,! wax+ & wan+ ( ! moon left ! same impression on ! ,babylonian m9d4 ,! regul>ity ( ! phases ( ! moon & its effect ^u ! tides z well %[$ ! moon to be an ag5t 9 m>k+ "t4 ,f9ally1 ! place ( ! moon among ! />s also gave him ! appe>ance ( hav+ royal sway4 ,nann>'s national influ5ce 0 mu* l t ( ,bl4 ,geographically1 he repres5t$ s\!rn ,babylonia1 :ile ,bl 0 ! *ief deity ( nor!rn ,babylonia4 ,:5 ,m>duk became ! patron god ( ,babylon1 ,bl & ,nann> /ill held _! positions z patron gods1 b 9 subord9ation to ,m>duk4 ,besides1 !y did n lose _! influ5ce z supreme deities1 ea* 9 8 peculi> sph]e1 ,bl z ! god ( ! e>? & ,nann> z ! god ( ! moon4 ,bl 0 rul] ( ! e>? :ile ,nann> 01 by 8 light1 a produc] 9 ! e>?4 ,bl 0 ! provid5tial director ( life on e>?1 ,nann> 0 ! orig9ator ( life on e>?1 z he =m$ ! *ild 9 ! womb4 ,bo? 7 sup]human 9 p[] & wisdom4 ,?us ammurabi3 8,my words are mighty4 ,if a man pay no att5tion to my words1 may ,bl1 ! "l :o det]m9es de/9ies1 ^: comm& _c be alt]$1 :o has enl>g$ my dom9ion1 drive him out f 8 dwell+4 ,may ,s91 ! "l ( heav51 my div9e creator1 ^: scimet> %9es among ! gods1 take away f him ! cr[n & ?rone ( sov]eignty40#bc ,no god 9 ! m9d ( ! ,babylonian _h rea*$ ! position ( comb9+ 9 himself all ! qualities ( div9ity4 ,s x did n seem inconsi/5t to ! ,babylonian to wor%ip two gods l ,bl & ,nann>1 or m gods4 ,!re 0 a tol]ance ( all gods2 ea* 0 consid]$ z act+ 9 8 own circle1 & ^! circles did n necess>ily exclude ! "o ! o!r4 ,"o god might be m important ?an ano!r1 accord+ to ! importance ( ! circle 9 :i* 8 virtue 0 effective1 or accord+ to ! importance ( ! political p[] ! circle ( ^: sway 0 "u ! special tutelage ( "s p>ticul> god4 ,babylonian wor%ip _c be said to be poly!i/ic 9 ! gross] =m1 nor _h x rea*$ ! high] ideal t lies 9 mono!ism4 ,x may prop]ly be consid]$ a h5o!i/ic wor%ip 9 :i* !re is a pan!on ( gods ^: local & univ]sal claims did n cause ! gods or _! devotees to w> ! "o on ! o!r4 ,!re is a truly great bil+ual hymn address$ to ,nann>4 ,accord+ to ! colophon x 0 transcrib$ by ! *ief p5man ( ,aurbnipal f an old copy4 ,my impression is t x is an enl>gem5t ( ! hymn to ,nann> ( :i* ?is ,!sis gives a translit]ation1 translation & comm5t>y4 ,= ?is reason ,i h]e) app5d ! foll[+ translation3 8,o "l1 highe/ ( ! gods1 alone 9 heav5 & e>? exalt$6 ,o fa!r ,nann>1 "l ( ,anar1 highe/ ( ! gods6 ,o fa!r ,nann>1 "l ,anu ! great1 highe/ ( ! gods6 ,o fa!r ,nann>1 "l ,s91 highe/ ( ! gods6 ,o fa!r ,nann>1 "l ( ,ur1 highe/ ( ! gods6 ,o fa!r ,nann>1 "l ( ,e-giirgal1 highe/ ( ! gods6 ,o fa!r ,nann>1 "l ( ! %9+ cr[n1 highe/ ( ! gods6 ,o fa!r ,nann>1 ( mo/ p]fect royalty1 highe/ ( ! gods6 ,o fa!r ,nann>1 9 royal robes m>*+1 highe/ ( ! gods6 ,o /rong "y bullock1 ) great horns1 ( p]fect physical /r5g?1 ) hazel-color$ po9t$ be>d ( luxuri\s gr[? & p]fect fulness6 ,o fruit1 ^: /alk gr[+ ( itself rea*e? a tall =m1 beautiful to look ^u1 ^: p]fection nev] satiate?6 ,o "m1 ! produc] ( life1 ?\ :o sette/ up = ! creatures ( life a l(ty dwell+6 ,o m]ciful & graci\s fa!r1 ?\ :o holde/ 9 h& ! life ( all ! l&6 ,o "l1 ?y div9ity1 l ! di/ant heav5s & ! broad sea1 inspire? rev]5ce6 ,o creator ( ! l&s1 f\nd+ ! temple & giv+ x a "n6 ,o nam] ( royalty1 det]m9] ( ! future = di/ant days6 ,o mighty pr9ce1 ^: di/ant ?\ght no god c decl>e6 ,o ?\ ^: knee b5de? n1 op5] ( ! road = ! gods ?y bro!rs6 ,o ?\ :o goe/ =? f ! f\ndation ( heav5 to ! height ( heav51 op5+ ! door ( heav51 creat+ light = all m56 ,o fa!r1 begett] ( all1 :o looke/ ^u ! creatures ( life1 :o ?9ke/ ( !m6 ,o "l1 :o fixe/ ! de/9y ( heav5 & e>?1 ^: comm& no "o *ange?6 ,o ?\ :o holde/ ! fire & ! wat]1 :o turne/ ! life ( creation1 :at god rea*e? ?y fulness6 ,:o 9 heav5 is high8 ,?\ alone art high4 ,:o on e>? is high8 ,?\ alone art high4 ,z = !e1 :5 ?y ^w is spok5 9 heav51 ! ,igigi b[ d[n ! face4 ,z = !e1 :5 ?y ^w is spok5 on e>?1 ! ,anunaki kiss ! gr\nd4 ,z = !e1 :5 ?y ^w l ! w9d res\nde? on high1 food & dr9k ab\nd4 ,z = !e1 :5 ?y ^w is e/abli%$ 9 ! l&1 x cause? vegetation to gr[4 ,z = !e1 ?y ^w make? fat ! h]d & flock & increase? ! creatures ( life4 ,z = !e1 ?y ^w secure? tru? & righte\sness & cause? m5 to speak righte\sness4 ,z = !e1 ?y ^w ext5de? to heav51 x cov]e? ! e>?1 no "o c compreh5d x4 ,z = !e1 ?y ^w1 :o c und]/& x1 :o c approa* x6 ,o "l1 9 heav5 supreme1 on e>? ! lead]1 among ! gods ?y bro!rs )\t a rival4 ,o k+ ( k+s1 ! l(ty "o1 ^: comm& no "o approa*e?1 ^: div9ity no god c lik54 ,:]e ?y eye looke? ?\ %[e/ favor1 :]e ?y h& t\*e? ?\ secure/ salvation4 ,o "l1 ! %9+ "o1 :o directe? tru? & righte\sness 9 heav5 & e>? & cause? !m to g =?4 ,look graci\sly on ?y temple1 look graci\sly on ?y city4 ,look graci\sly on ,ur1 look graci\sly on ,e-giirgal1 ,?y belov$ consort1 ! graci\s "m1 calle? to !e3 ,o "l give re/6 ,! h]o ama calle? to !e3 ,o "l give re/6 ,! ,igigi call to !e3 ,o "l give re/6 ,! ,anunaki call to !e3 ,o "l give re/6 44444 calle? to !e3 ,o "l give re/6 ,n+al calle? to !e3 ,o "l give re/6 ,may ! b> ( ,ur1 ! enclosure ( ,e-giirgal & ! build+ ( ,ezida be e/abli%$6 ,! gods ( heav5 & e>? call to !e3 ,o "l give re/6 ,! lift+ up ( ! h&4 #dh l9es on ! tablet to ,nann>4 ,mighty "o4 ,"l ( /r5g?4 ,l its orig9al1 copi$ & revis$4 ,tablet ( ,it>-uma-ere1 ! *ief scribe4 ,( ,aurbnipal1 k+ ( legions1 k+ ( ,assyria1 ,son ( ,nabu-z]-liteir1 *ief p5man40 ,,iv ,r4 #i4 ,?is ,aurbnipal hymn may be consid]$ z rem>kable = its advanc$ ideas4 ,9 ! fir/ "p ( ! hymn !re is introduc$ ! my?ological idea ( ! bullock's head 9 ! moon ) horns & ! face ) fl[+ hazel-color$ be>d1 s t /r5g? & brilliancy are po9t$ out4 ,b ! hymn advances into lit]al spee* by :i* ! mo/ v>i$ & greate/ ( div9e attributes are atta*$ to ! god ,nann>4 ,he is nam$ z sov]eign god1 a self-creat$ god1 a m]ciful god1 ! begett] ( all life1 ! ma9ta9] ( ! life ( ! _w1 ! be/[] ( gifts to m51 ! e/abli%] ( dwell+s2 he fixes de/9ies1 pron\nces judgm5t1 gives wat] to man & supplies him ) vegetable food4 ,he holds a unique & exalt$ position 9 heav5 & on e>? above all o!r be+s4 ,to him ! angels ( heav5 & spirits ( e>? b[1 & at 8 comm& ! =ces ( nature p]=m _! m>vell\s functions4 #c4 ,adad ,! /orm-god is kn[n by ! ,sum]ian ideogram ,im4 ,! sign ,,immu 9 ! ,el-,am>na tablets 7#aejj ,b4 ,c47 has ! read+ ,adad1 a "n connect$ ) ! ,syrian ,hadad4 ,opp]t ?9ks ,adad is ! god's olde/ "n4 ,x seems evid5tly a =eign equival5t = ,im4 ,! ,assyrian "n ,ramman is a provisional "n mean+ 8?und]]01 & probably only an epi!t4 ,! sign ,,immu has also ! value ,m]4 ,?is is1 no d\bt1 ! orig9al & real "n ( ! god1 :i* appe>s z well 9 ! =m ,imm]4 ,! prim>y idea 9 ! "n is t ( w9d1 !n1 t ( ra9 & f9ally ( ?und] & lightn+4 ,! god is n an object l ,nann>1 b a =ce2 !n ! =ce is p]sonifi$ & he is spok5 ( z a p]son4 ammurabi puts him 9 ! second triad ( gods4 ,he is ! ?ird p]son ( t triad1 ,s9 be+ ! fir/ p]son & ama ! second4 ,g5]ally ,it> has ! ?ird place 9 ! second triad4 ,9 t case ,ramman falls outside ( t triad & takes position among all ! gods z sev5? 9 importance4 ,! ord] is z foll[s3 ,anu1 ,bl1 ,ea1 ,s91 ama1 ,it>1 ,adad 7,ramman74 ,z a ,babylonian god we f9d ,ramman's "n appe>s 9 ammurabi's "t z a common "n 9 lit]ature4 ,he is invok$ 9 ammurabi's ,code1 l o!r gods1 ( c\rse 9 8 sph]e z a /orm-god4 ,?us3 8,if a man w pay no att5tion to my words1 may ,adad1 ! "l ( abundance1 ! reg5t ( heav5 & e>?1 my help]1 deprive him ( ! ra9 f heav5 & ! wat]-floods f ! spr+s6 ,may he br+ 8 l& to de/ruction ?r\gh want & hung]6 ,may he break loose furi\sly ov] 8 city & turn 8 l& into a heap left by a :irlw9d60#bd ,) ! k+s ( ! ,cassite dyna/y ,ramman seems to be popul>4 ,8 "n appe>s by ! side ( t ( ama & he is call$ ! div9e "l ( ju/ice4 ,9 ! ,babylonian dyna/y ( k+s1 ,nebu*adnezz> ,i4 addresses ,ramman z ! great "l ( heav51 ! "l ( ! subt]ranean wat]s & ra91 ^: curse is invok$ aga9/ ! "o :o sets aside ! decrees ( ,nebu*adnezz> or defaces 8 monum5t4 ,ramman is ?\ght to be m truly an ,assyrian ?an a ,babylonian god4 ,he is almo/ z de> to ! ,assyrian z ! god ,aur4 ,hi/orical data1 h[ev]1 d n furni% v e>ly m5tion ( 8 "n 9 ,assyria4 ,we f9d t he _h a seat ( wor%ip 9 ,damascus1 & 8 cult _h vogue 9 ! pla9 ( ,jezreel1 8 "n appe>+ 9 ,hebrew1 writt5 by mi/ake1 aft] ! text 0 ,masoretically vocaliz$1 8,rimmon0 :i* is exactly ! same 9 =m z ! ,hebrew ^w = pomegranate4 ,9 ,assyria we c trace 8 hi/ory back to "s ext5t by means ( inscriptions 9 :i* 8 "n appe>s z an elem5t 9 ! comp\nd names ( k+s4 ,= example1 we f9d 8 "n 9 ! "n ( ! anci5t ,assyrian k+ ama-,ramman1 & f an inscription ( ,tigla?-piles] ,i4 we le>n also t ama-,ramman built a temple to ! god ,ramman4 ,s we h hi/orical evid5ce t ! cult ( ,ramman is old] 9 ,assyria ?an ?is k+1 :o 0 reign+ 9 #ahbj ,b4 ,c4 ,h[ mu* old] x may be we d n "k4 ,ja/r[ ?9ks t ! cult is indig5\s to ,assyrian soil4 ,betwe5 ! "t ( ama-,ramman & ! "t ( ,tigla?-piles] ,i4 ! s]vice ( ,ramman mu/ h decl9$ some:at1 = ! temple ( ,ramman 9 ! city ( ,aur seems n to h be5 repair$ f ! days ( ama-,ramman till ,tigla?-piles] himself rebuilt x4 ,tigla?-piles] says t f ! "t ( ! f\nd+ x 0 9 decay six hundr$ & =ty ye>s4 ,!n k+ ,aurdan tore x d[n entirely4 ,sixty ye>s aft] ! entire de/ruction1 ,tigla?-piles] builds ! temple anew4 ,he says t 9 ! beg9n+ ( 8 gov]nm5t ! great gods ,anu & ,adad dem&$ = him ! re/oration ( _! sacr$ dwell+4 8,i made bricks & cle>$ its gr\nd until ,i rea*$ ! artificial flat t]race ^u :i* ! old temple _h be5 built4 ,i laid its f\ndation ^u ! solid rock & ! :ole place incas$ ) bricks l a fire-place1 ov]laid on x a lay] ( fifty bricks 9 dep? & built ^u ?is ! f\ndations ( ! temple ( ,anu & ,adad ( l>ge squ>e /ones4 ,i built x up f f\ndation to ro(1 l>g] & gr&] ?an be=e1 & erect$ also two great temple t[]s 444 fitt+ ornam5ts ( _! great div9ities40#be ,f ,tigla?-piles] on1 temples ( ,ramman d n seem to be (t5 m5tion$1 b ! god himself is frequ5tly spok5 ( 9 inscriptions ( ! k+s4 ,s>gon ,,ii4 has "o ( ! ea/]n gates ( 8 temple nam$ 8,ramman ! produc] ( abundance04 ,aurbnipal enum]ates ?irte5 gods :om he honors z ! great gods1 & places ,ramman fif? 9 ! li/4 ,ramman's mo/ e/eem$ s]vice 0 t ( be/[+ bless+4 ,! ra9s 9 ! "r proportion 7 a boon to ! l&1 fill+ ! canals & wat]+ ! soil4 ammurabi calls ,ramman ! "l ( abundance & 8 help]4 ,tigla?-piles] ,i4 prays = ! bless+s ( prosp]ity1 z he prays to ,adad3 8,may ,anu & ,adad turn to me truly & accept graci\sly ! lift+ up ( my h&1 he>k5 unto my dev\t pray]s1 grant me & my reign abundance ( ra91 ye>s ( prosp]ity & fruitfulness 9 pl5ty40#bf ,aurbnipal describes ! bless+s he receives by ! favor ( ?is god3 8,ramman let loose 8 %[]s & ,ea has op5$ 8 spr+s1 ! gra9 has gr[n to a height ( five y>ds & ! e>s h be5 five six?s ( a y>d long1 ! produce ( ! l& has be5 abundant & ! fruit trees h borne fruit ri*ly40#bg ,! m5tion ( ,anu & ,ea ) ,ramman is because ( _! p[] to produce wat]1 ,ea repres5t+ ! dep?s ( wat] & ,anu ! heav5 ) its cl\ds ( ra94 ,! mo/ conspicu\s "w ( ,ramman 0 t ( de/ruction4 ,x is 9 ?is function ( judgm5t t he is associat$ ) ama4 ,! connection lies 9 ! fact t ! lightn+ ( ,ramman is l ! day-light ( ama2 s1 z ! god ( lightn+1 ,ramman has ! title biru4 ,lightn+ & flood+ ra9 71 because ( _! de/ructive "*1 fe>ful =ces1 & ! k+s 9 call+ = a curse on ho/ile man or l& turn to ,ramman 9 imprecation1 z1 = example1 ,raman-,nir>i ,i4 does conc]n+ ! man :o may be tempt$ to blot out ! record ( ,ramman-,nir>i's "n3 8,may ,ramman ) t]rible ra9/orm ov]:elm him1 may flood1 de/ruction1 w9d1 rebellion1 revolution1 tempe/1 want & fam9e1 dr\ght & hung] be cont9ually 9 8 l&4 ,may he come d[n on 8 l& l a flood4 ,may he turn x into m\nds & ru9s4 ,may ,ramman /rike 8 l& ) a de/ructive bolt40#bh ,"s ,babylonian compos] has set =? ! t]rify+ side ( ,ramman's "* 9 a bil+ual hymn z foll[s3 8,! "l 9 8 ang] himself makes heav5 quake4 ,adad 9 8 wra? lifts up ! e>?4 ,! mighty m\nta9 he himself smites d[n4 ,at 8 ang]1 at 8 wra?1 ,at 8 ro>+1 at 8 ?und]+1 ,! gods ( heav5 asc5d to heav51 ,! gods ( e>? ent] e>?1 ama into ! f\ndation ( heav5 ent]s1 ,s9 9 ! height ( heav5 is magnifi$40#bi #d4 ,tammuz ,!re is a fasc9ation ab\t ! life ( ,tammuz n exp]i5c$ 9 ! contemplation ( ! o!r gods ( ,babylonia4 ,he seems to be pres5t$ to u j z ?\gh he 7 a man4 ,our fir/ p>agraph may describe him z a resid5t ( "o ( ! anci5t cities ( s\!rn ,babylonia4 ,! city ( 8 resid5ce 0 ,eridu on ! banks ( ! ,euphrates4 ,8 (ficial title is t ( sun-god & 8 occupation is to c>e = ! gr[? ( plants4 ,! "n ( 8 fa!r 0 ,ea1 ! "l ( ! city ( ,eridu1 ^: duties consi/$ 9 gov]n+ ! wat]s ( ! riv] on ^: %ore ! city re/$4 ,tammuz _h a "m1 ^: "n 0 ,davk9a1 ! mi/ress ( ! v9e4 ,tammuz also _h a si/] ,belili ^: call+ 01 l t ( ,tammuz h] bro!r1 ! c>e ( plant gr[?4 ,tammuz also _h a bride1 ! fam\s & trea*]\s ,it>1 ! goddess ( love1 repres5t$ by ! ev5+ />2 %e 0 mi/ress ( ! neighb\r+ city ( ,ere*1 a little to ! nor?-we/1 & on ! o!r side ( ! ,euphrates4 ,! life ( ,tammuz at ,eridu 0 romantic & 8 days end$ 9 trag$y4 ,!re is a little poem1 giv+ a picture ( 8 home4 ,!re 0 a g>d51 a holy place1 abundantly %ad$ ) pr(use leafage ( trees ^: roots w5t d[n deep into ! wat]s ov] :i* ,ea presid$4 ,8 c\* 0 hung "u ! ri* foliage ( ! v9e :i* 8 "m t5d$4 ,!re ,tammuz dwelt & !re 0 8 %r9e4 ,8 dwell+ ( foliage 9 8 y\?ful days 0 symbolic ( ! doma9 9 :i* ! virtue ( 8 p[] 0 to be ex]cis$4 ,8 real home 0 9 heav51 = f heav5 ! virtue ( plant-gr[? proce$s ) ! heat ( ! sun4 ,b 8 connection ) heav5 _h be5 =gott51 except 9 rem9isc5ce f\nd 9 leg5d4 ,9 ! leg5d ( ,adapa1 = in/ance1 we f9d a h9t ( x4 ,tammuz & 8 companion ,gizida are se5 m\nt+ up to heav5 :]e !y receive /ations z door-keep]s 9 ! gate ( ,anu's h\se2 9 heav5 !y prop]ly belong4 ,! desc5t ( ,tammuz to ! l[] _w implies t he di$1 b ! acc\nts h n made a direct /atem5t ( h[ he di$1 or :at 0 ! cause ( 8 dea?4 ,p]haps we may conceive ( ! ev5t ( 8 dea? z hav+ tak5 place at ,eridu be=e ! s]vice ( lam5tation _h develop$ into a cult honor$ at ! c\rt ( ,s>gon ( ,akkad1 :]e a temple 0 built = ,tammuz aft] nor!rn ,babylonia _h ga9$ ! asc5d5cy ov] s\!rn ,babylonia4 ,! lit]al cause ( 8 dea? 0 t he 0 n capable ( mak+ plant-gr[? a cont9u\s process4 ,! p[] ( ! heat ( ! sun z ! summ] advanc$ 0 sup]ior to ! virtue :i* ,tammuz possess$ ov] plant-life4 ,! fi]ce heat ( ! summ] caus$ vegetation to take a pal] hue2 !n ! g]ms ( decay ent]$2 sl[ly & surely ! face ( ! l& 0 assum+ ! same /ate t exi/$ be=e ! p[] ( ,tammuz appe>$ to quick5 ! blade ( grass & ! fruit-bud ( ! e>ly spr+4 ,s ,tammuz 0 bani%$ to ! l[] _w4 ,romantically 8 entrance to ! abode ( ! dead 0 due to ! h& :i* ,it> _h 9 ! ev5ts ( 8 life4 ,%e _h _m lov]s1 & %e betray$ !m all4 ,h] betrayal 9 ! case ( ,tammuz consi/$ 9 n aid+ him 9 h] sph]e z great "m 9 ! production ( life on e>?4 ,_h %e supplem5t$ 8 ef=t & made ! e>? cont9ue to be> & br+ =?1 c\nt]act+ ! effect ( ! deadly heat ( ! summ] sol/ice & ! de/ructive w9d ( ! s\?1 ! g>d5s & ! fruit or*>ds ov] ^: productiv5ess ,tammuz presid$ w\ld h enjoy$ p]5nial fruitage1 & ,gilgame w\ld nev] h _h to take up ! sad accusation aga9/ ,it>3 8,tammuz1 ! sp\se ( ?y y\?1 ,?\ compelle/ to weep ye> aft] ye>40#cj ,also !re _h nev] gone up ! song ( lam5tation3 8,he w5t d[n to meet ! ne!r _w1 ,he has sat$ himself4 ama caus$ him to p]i% ,to ! l& ( ! dead4 ,) m\rn+ 0 he fill$ on ! day ,:5 he fell into great sorr[40#ca ,accord+ to ano!r /ory ( ! fate ( ,tammuz1 ,it> 0 ! victim ( sudd5 & viol5t passion1 & 9 a fit ( ang] = disreg>d ( h] comm& %e _h smitt5 him d[n1 j z %e cru%$ ! allallu-bird %e lov$3 8,?\ did/ cru% him & break 8 p9ions4 ,9 ! woods he /&s & lam5ts1 #8,o my p9ions'40#cb ,also z %e ca/ out ( h] sight ! lion3 8,?\ did/ love a lion ( p]fect /r5g?1 ,sev5 & sev5 times ?\ did/ bury him 9 ! corn]s40#cc ,! orig9 ( ! s]vice ( weep+ = ,tammuz is an int]e/+ leg5d4 ,:5 ,it> _h sla9 h] lov]1 %e ha/5$1 l ! go+ d[n ( ! ev5+ />1 to ! l[] _w 9 se>* ( wat]s to re/ore him to life4 ,%e se>*es long1 pass+ ?r\gh all ! comp>tm5ts ( ,hades4 ,! /ory does n give details ( h] f9d+ ,tammuz1 b in/ead1 a sc5e ( 8 burial is introduc$3 8,to ,tammuz1 h] y\?ful consort ,p\r out pure wat]s1 co/ly oil40#cd ,a sc5e ( ! m\rn+ = ,tammuz is also introduc$1 :i* may be tak5 z ! orig9al lam5tation1 all o!r summ] sol/ice weep+s be+ anniv]s>ies ( ?is orig9al "o4 ,8 si/] is !re lam5t+3 8,o my only bro!r1 let me n p]i%60#ce ,& a great company ( m\rn]s s+ dirges by ! accompanim5t ( ! flute & foll[ ! in/ruction :i* ,tammuz1 ?\gh dead1 seems to be giv+ !n & !re3 8,on ! day ( ,tammuz play = me1 ,on ! flute ( uknu & samtu6 ,) x play = me6 ,) x play = me6 ,o male & female m\rn]s6 ,t ! dead may arise & inhale inc5se60#cf ,( c\rse ! /ory is n f9i%$ & ! circle ( ev5ts n complet$ )\t ! resurrection ( ,tammuz4 ,9 a ,*aldaean intaglio !re is a picture ( ,tammuz rejuv5at$ on ! knees ( ,it> 7see ,cl]cq ,vol4 ,i1 ,plate ,,ix1 ,no4 #hc74 ,"s =ms ( ! /ory mu/ include 8 return to ! e>?1 & ! complete s]vice ( lam5tation mu/ h be5 sometimes supplem5t$ by a s]vice ( joy 9 :i* ! idea ( resurrection 0 significant4 ,?\gh ! orig9al lam5tation 0 an expression ( grief = ,tammuz dead1 ! fully develop$ c]emony 0 an expression ( sev]al pa!tic ideas4 ,x 0 accompani$ ) sacrifice & (f]+s ( w9e4 ,9 ,babylonia ! commemoration 0 obs]v$ e ye> on ! second day ( ! f\r? mon?1 call$ ! mon? ( ,tammuz4 ,x 0 n only a weep+ = dead ,tammuz1 b a weep+ = dead vegetation4 ,! dy+ leaf _h a m\rn]4 ,! )]$ /ock _h a sympa?iz+ fri5d4 ,= ! bla/$ blade ( grass !re 0 %$ a te>4 ,= ! b>r5 tree b]eft ( gold5 foliage & lusci\s fruit !re w5t up a cry ( sympa?y4 ,! c]emony 0 an expression ( sadness t came ov] ! p z ! oppression ( ! heat ( summ] bore d[n ^u !m1 ! wat] supply be+ r$uc$1 vegetable life put out & human life consequ5tly made almo/ un5durable by ! deprivation & heat ( summ]4 ,! "t ( weep+ 0 "o = ! expression ( p]sonal sorr[ t lurks 9 almo/ e he>t4 ,! wail ( angui% 0 a relief to s\ls burd5$ ) _! own peculi> griefs4 ,! s\l f\nd relief 9 lift+ up ! voice attun$ to "s =m ( elegy4 ,!re came a relief l ! roll+ ( ! burd5 ( guilt f ! brea/4 ,! c]emony 0 "o t embrac$ 9 its p]=mance ! expression ( confession4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 p]=m$ ) ! consci\sness t ! dr\ght ( summ] 0 b = a season1 & t !re 0 to foll[ a p]iod ( happi] exi/5ce1 z ! succe$+ w9t] %\ld m]ge into a new spr+4 ,tammuz 0 suppos$ to leave ! l& ) ! season :5 ! spr+ gr[? 0 complet$1 to come back aga9 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 ,he is consid]$ z dead1 b 8 dea? is n an absolute "o4 ,he tells ! m\rn]s :at to d z !y ga!r ab\t 8 bi]4 ,accord+ to "s allusions he seems also to be a "l1 z x 71 9 ! b[els ( ! e>?1 prep>+ ! inn] e>? = putt+ =? a new /ock ( vegetation1 z spr+ %all come4 ,h5ce1 ! hymn to ,tammuz 9 ?is ,!sis calls him 8! g5]ator ( ! l[] _w04 ,8 association ) 8 fri5d ,gizida sub/antiates m fully ! idea ( 8 resurrection4 ,to give vitality to 8 "w he /ill ma9ta9s 8 old p]sonality ( sun-god1 & to him aga9 is giv5 a seat 9 heav51 z ! ,adapa leg5d %[s3 8,on m\nt+ up to heav51 ,at ! gate ( ,anu ,tammuz & ,gizida 7 /ation$40#cg ,! /ory ( ,tammuz seems to h tak5 deep & almo/ univ]sal hold ( ! imag9ation & sympa?y ( mank9d4 ,! weep+ = ,tammuz is said to h be5 ma9ta9$ by ! ,babylonians till a v late p]iod4 ,simil> /ories to t ( ! ,tammuz leg5d exi/$ 9 ab\t ! same p]iod ( hi/ory among ! ,pho5icians1 ! ,hebrews1 ! ,greeks & ! ,egyptians1 ! mo/ ( ^! acc\nts hav+ a common orig92 if !y h m ?an "o orig91 !y seem nev]!less to bl5d 9 ! ma9 into "o /ory4 ,x is said t 9 ! ,pho5ician t[n ( ,gebal by ! ,m$it]ranean on ! road lead+ f ! p ( ! ea/ to ^? ( ! we/1 !re is a ye>ly lam5tation ov] ! dea? ( _! sun-god1 ! belov$ ,atore?1 :o _h be5 sla9 by a cruel h&1 j z ! spr+ v]dure 0 cut d[n by ! hot bla/s ( summ]4 ,! wom51 te>+ _! hair1 disfigur+ _! faces & cutt+ _! brea/s1 s5t up a cry to heav53 8,o my bro!r60 ,across ! sea by ! way ( ,cyprus1 ! cry is said to h be5 c>ri$ to ,greece :]e x f\nd embodim5t 9 ! /ory ( ,adonis & ,aphrodite4 ,possibly1 h[ev]1 ! ,greek /ory may be indig5\s4 ,adonis lo/ 8 life :ile hunt+1 ?ru/ ?r\gh ! ?igh ) ! tusk ( a wild bo>4 ,aft] dea? he 0 9 great fav\r ) ,p]sephone :o f9ally yield$ to ! entreaties ( ! inconsolable ,aphrodite1 & ,adonis sp5t "o half ( ! ye> ) 8 cele/ial mi/ress & ! o!r half ) 8 inf]nal "o4 ,h[ mu* place ! annual weep+ = a dep>t$ "o _h among ! ,hebrews may be inf]r$ to "s ext5t by ! m5tion made 9 ! ,scriptures ( ! s]vice4 ,ze*>iah speaks ( ! well-kn[n m\rn+ ( ,hadadrimmon 9 ! valley ( ,megiddon1 & ,amos ref]s to ! cu/om ( m\rn+ = an only son4 ,ezekiel says t ! ,"l br\ght him to ,jehovah's h\se 8& behold1 !re sat ! wom5 weep+ = ,tammuz04 ,j]emiah goes a /ep fur!r & gives u ! refra9 :i* 0 us$ 9 ! weep+3 8,ah me6 ,ah my bro!r60 ,! p>allel /ory 9 ,egypt _h = its h]o ! god ,osiris :o1 repres5t+ goodness1 ^u be+ sla9 by a foe1 became judge ( ! dead1 ?\gh 8 s\l cont9u$ 9 exi/5ce among m54 ,translit]ation1 ,translation & ,comm5t>y ,*apt] ,i ,tablet #acifc1 ,plate #aj1 ,hymn to ,bel ,obv]se #a4 -mu-un na-m-zu-ka na-m- 444444444 e-ir-ma-al n7,,im7-te-na ,o "l ( wisdom1 4444444444444444 supreme by ?yself6 #b4 dimm] ,mu-ul-lil -mu-un na-m-zu-ka 4444 e-ir-ma-al n7,,im7-te-na ,o ,bl1 "l ( wisdom1 4444444444444 supreme by ?yself6 #c4 a-a dimm] ,mu-ul-lil -mu-un-e kur-kur-ra ,o fa!r ,bl1 "l ( ! l&s6 #d4 a-a dimm] ,mu-ul-lil -mu-un dug7,,ka7-ga zi7d7-da ,o fa!r ,bl1 "l ( righte\s comm&6 #e4 a-a dimm] ,mu-ul-lil siba sag gig7,,mi7-ga ,o fa!r ,bl1 %eph]d ( ! black-head$6 #f4 a-a dimm] ,mu-ul-lil i-de7,,ne7 gaba n7,,im7-te-na ,o fa!r ,bl1 ! only all-see+ "o6 #g4 a-a dimm] ,mu-ul-lil ama erim7,,ab7-na di-di ,o fa!r ,bl1 ! "l t execute/ judgm5t on ?y enemies6 #h4 a-a dimm] ,mu-ul-lil -n7r7-la ma-ma ,o fa!r ,bl1 ! p[] ( ! l&s6 #i4 ama n-a g ne-sig7,,pa7 gan-nu ki ,! bull ( ! pa/ure1 ! bull t encompasse/ ! productive l&6 #aj4 dimm] ,mu-ul-lil n9 ar-ra ki damal-ra ,o ,bl1 ! b\ntiful "l ( ! broad l&6 #aa4 -mu-un mu-ud-na d7,,kak7 sag-ma-al ki ,! "l ( creation1 ! creator1 ! true head ( ! l&6 #ab4 -mu-un zal7,,ni7-la7,,ud7-na ga nunuz-m7,a4,,an7 da-ma-al-la ,! "l ^: %9+ oil is milk = an ext5sive prog5y6 #ac4 m-mu-un silim7,,di7-ma-a-ni eri ir-ir ,! "l ^: decrees b9d toge!r ! city1 #ad4 d n-a-ni 7,,id7 m-e gal-la ,^: p[]ful dwell+-place 7is ! seat (7 a great comm&1 #ae4 kur dimm] ,babb> 7,,ud7-7,,ud4,,du7-ta kur dimm] ,babb>7,,ud7-u-7,,ku7 ,f ! l& ( ! ris+ sun to ! l& ( ! sett+ sun6 #af4 kur-ra -mu-un nu-um-ti za-e -mu-un ab-da-me-en ,o m\nta91 ! "l ( life1 ?\ ! "l inde$ art6 ,rev]se #ag4 dimm] ,mu-ul-lil kur-kur-ra ga--an nu-um-ti n9-zu ga--an ab-da7-me-en7 ,o ,bl ( ! l&s1 "l ( life1 "l ( wisdom1 "l inde$ ?\ art6 #ah4 e-lum n7,,im7 an-na a-kad za-da mu-e-da-mal7,,ig7 ,o mighty "o1 dread ( heav51 royal "o inde$ ?\ art6 #ai4 dimm] ,mu-ul-lil u en787 dimm]-ri-ne za-da mu-e-da-mal7,,ig7 ,o ,bl1 v "l ( gods ?\ inde$ art6 #bj4 a-a dimm] ,mu-ul-lil mu-lu gu m7,,s>7-m7,,s>7-me-en mu-lu e m7,,s>7-m7,,s>7-me-en ,o fa!r ,bl1 :o cause/ vegetation to spr\t1 :o cause/ gra9 to gr[ #ba4 dimm] ,mu-ul-lil me-lam7,,ne7-zu gr7,,kil7-ra a mu-ni-ib-7 7-ne-ne ,o ,bl1 be=e ?y great glory may !y be 79 fe>876 #bb4 u-e an-na a-e 7r7-ra 7,,lib7-n7,,im7 ma-ni-ib-si ,! birds ( heav5 & ! fi% ( ! sea are fill$ ) fe> ( !e6 #bc4 a-a dimm] ,mu-ul-lil-li da-da ma mu-e-g97,,du7 sag-e-zi si-ba-e e-nab ,o fa!r ,bl1 9 great /r5g? ?\ goe/1 ! head ( life1 ! %eph]d ( ! />s6 #bd4 -mu-un ka na-m-g7,,mal7 iz-ba eri ga mu-e-g97,,du7 gn7,,gi7 si ti-7,,ku7 me-a ,o "l1 ! m\? ( production ?\ op5e/1 z a prolific city ?\ goe/1 ! re$ = ! fulness ( life ?\ art4 #be4 a-a dimm] ,mu-ul-lil sag zi sag n7r7-la ti ba-ni-ib-ag ,o fa!r ,bl1 ! head ( life1 ! head ( /r5g?1 ! p[] ( life ?\ make/ ?yself6 #bf4 -gil ni-ia mu-bi im ,altoge!r !re are tw5ty-five l9es 9 ! tablet4 #bg4 r7,a4,i7 lim-ma ,hymn ( praise4 ,?is composition is a hymn ( praise to ,bl1 :o is directly address$4 ,8 "n1 ,mu-ul-lil1 appe>s 9 #ad ( ! #be l9es ( ! hymn1 9 :i* he is call$ di/9ctively 8fa!r01 ! title occurr+ #h times4 ,! god is address$ 9 ! second p]son1 z is se5 9 l9e #af1 :]e za-e1 ! p]sonal pron\n ( ! second p]son1 is appli$ to him1 & also 9 ! pronom9al phase ( ! second p]son1 za-da1 f\nd 9 l9es #ah & #ai1 n to m5tion o!r less /rik+ symbols ( ! second p]son s+ul>4 ,! hymn consi/s ( _m laudatory epi!ts descriptive ( ,bl's div9e nature & "w4 ,8 fa!rhood & lord%ip are dwelt ^u4 ,he is a righte\s & all-wise fa!r4 ,8 lord%ip ext5ds n only ov] ! l&1 b up into ! air z well4 ,he provides subsi/5ce = ! creatures ( e>?1 be+ also ! organiz] ( city & /ate4 ,he sup]9t5ds also ! op]ations ( nature 9 ! atmosph]e be+ ! dread ( heav51 ! "l ( gods1 ! occasion ( fe> among ! birds & fi%es1 ! %eph]d ( ! /orms 7or />s74 ,! "t ( ! orig9 ( ?is hymn is a matt] ( conjecture4 ,! =m ( ! signs (f]s "s evid5ce4 ,:at ! e>ly k+s say ( ,bl also ?r[s "s light on ! subject4 ,! signs are1 ( c\rse1 lat] ?an ! picture-writ+ ( ! hi]oglyph1 & also lat] ?an ! l9e> script suit$ to /one4 ,^! signs are made 9 clay1 h5ce ! w$ge appe>s4 ,! design ( ! signs us$ "h has met ) "s trans=mation s9ce ! hi]oglyph 0 us$1 b x has n yet rea*$ ! *a/e & symmetrical =m giv5 by ! h& ( ! ,assyrian4 ,9 %ort ! signs ( ?is hymn are old ,babylonian1 almo/ id5tical ) ^? us$ 9 ! inscriptions ( ,eannatum1 ,entem5a1 ,gudea & ammurabi4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 "s lat] & ev5 ,new-,babylonian signs among !m1 po9t+ p]haps to transcription subsequ5t to ! orig9al composition4 ,!re is no m5tion ( any city 9 ! hymn1 z !re is 9 ! hymn to ,s91 b ?is hymn probably _h its orig9 9 ,nippur :i* 0 ! great religi\s c5tre ( ,babylonia 9 ! pre-dyna/ic p]iod1 :5 k+s ascrib$ _! successes to ,bl & br\ght _! booty to ,nippur1 call+ ,bl 8! "l ( ! l&s40 ,obv]se #a4 -mu-un na-m-zu-ka na-m 44444 e-ir-ma-al n-te-na ,o "l ( wisdom1 44444444444 supreme by ?yself6 -mu-un means 8be+ "l01 equall+ 8"l0 & mu-un equall+ 8be+04 -mu-un is a phonetic repres5tation ( umun blu1 7,br4 #idge74 umun is sometimes ideographically repres5t$ by ! sign ,,gigur1 ! corn] w$ge 7,br4 #hfei71 :i* signifies 8depress01 8ov]p[]01 8be p[]ful01 8rule04 umun may be %ort5$ ei!r to u1 mun or un1 giv+ to ,,gigur ?ree values = 8"l01 u1 un & umun4 umun1 :i* is ,,es1 has an ,,ek value1 ugun4 ,9 l9e #ag1 we %all meet ) ano!r ^w = 8"l02 viz41 ga--an4 3 ! sign ,,igi-,,dibbu alone means 8"l04 ,x has a well-kn[n ,assyrian equival5t1 labru1 8be old01 7,br4 #idfd74 ,brumm] expla9s ! sign correctly z foll[s3 ,,igi-,,dibbu is a comp\nd sign & equals ,i1 8eye01 plus ,,lu1 8take away01 h5ce ! mean+ 8take away ! eye01 8become old01 8eld]ly01 8"l01 7,,sva4 #b-g74 mu-un contract$ to mun is cognate ) me-en :i* equals ba1 8to be01 z 9 za-e-me-en 7,br4 #ajdjd74 ,we %all meet ! =m mu-un z a v]bal prefix4 mu "h is simply a dialectic =m ( me 7,,msl41 p4 #bdj74 mu z a ,sum]ian value is atte/$ by ! sign-"n ,,mu4 ,we %all meet ) ,,mu 9 ! "n ,mu-ul-lil1 also z a suffix & 9 o!r ways4 ,! ,,mu ( our text is old ,babylonian4 ,x is ! ,,mu ( ,ur-,gur & ,gudea 7see brick ( ,ur-,gur1 ,no4 #ijjji1 ,,ct4 ,,xxi1 & ,gudea's ,cyl9d] ,a1 ,col4 ,,xviii1 l9e #bg1 9 ,dc4 #cf74 un is pla9ly cognate ) en :i* is s commonly repres5t$ by ! sign ,,nu4 ,! sign ,,un we %all meet aga9 ) ! value kalama4 ,! ,,un ( our text is a v anci5t sign 7see ,cone ( ,eannatum1 ,col4 ,i1 ,,ct4 ,,xxi1 ,tablet #cjjfb74 na-m-zu-ka consi/s ( n\n1 na-m-zu & po/position ka4 na-m-zu is an ab/ract n\n compos$ ( ! ab/ract prefix na-m & ! /em zu4 na-m equals mtu1 8=tune01 7,br4 #afji & ,,hw4 #fed7 & is a dialectic =m ( nam 7,br4 #bajc7 :i* is a common ab/ract prefix4 na is a ,sum]ian value ( ! sign ,,nan4 ,! value is simply syllabic "h4 ,! sign orig9ally signifi$ 8/one04 ,our ,,na is f\nd bo? 9 old ,babylonian tablets & 9 ,new-,babylonian inscriptions4 m 7,,es7 also is only syllabic "h4 ,! sign has ! ,,ek value ag & is us$ ideographically4 zu3 ! sign repres5t+ zu has only "o value1 pres5t+ a r uncommon circum/ance 9 ,sum]ian4 zu means 8"k01 also 8be wise01 & may equal nmeu1 8wisdom01 7,br4 #acf71 b ! au?or pref]r$ to say na-m-zu1 8! =tune ( wisdom04 ka1 sign-"n ,k,,gu1 is a po/positive sign ( ! g5itive4 ,! sign ,k,,gu 7discuss$ bel[7 is (t5 us$ 9 ?is way1 b x has sev]al values & is us$ to express a l>ge numb] ( ideas1 ka z a po/position is a dialectic =m ( ge7,,kit74 e-ir-ma-al is ,,es = ! ,,ek nir-gal1 *ang+ to n & m to g 7,,msl4 p4 ,,xi74 ,x is translat$ into ,assyrian by ! ^w etellu4 e-ir-ma-al consi/s !n ( two p>ts2 /em e-ir & suffix ma-al4 ,/rictly1 e-ir is 8"l0 & e-ir-ma-al is 8lord%ip04 e-ir3 e & i appe> g5]ally to be di/9ct s\nds1 b !y comb9e1 j z ! two u's comb9e 9 mu-un1 mak+ mun1 & z ! two a's comb9e 9 na-m1 mak+ nam4 ,evid5tly ! weak] s\nd is absorb$ by ! /rong]1 h5ce e-ir becomes r1 8rul]01 :i* c\ld be repres5t$ by ,,nisig 7,,ja41 #aije1 p4 #aac1 also ,br4 #dcjf74 e is p]haps a ,semitic value com+ f 'u1 8gra904 ,! orig9al sign is a picture ( a head ( gra9 l :eat or oats4 ,! "n ( ! sign is -,,um4 ,! sign occurs 9 l9e #bj z an ideogram4 ir is also ,semitic value ( ! sign ,,ga-,,gun4 ,we %all meet ! sign us$ z a v]b equal to kam1 8b9d04 ma-al1 phonetically writt5 = mal1 is an end+ :i* adds to r ! idea ( 8hav+02 h5ce e-ir-ma-al means 8hav+ rule04 ma3 we %all f9d ,,mam us$ mo/ly z a n\n1 b x may occur z a v]bal prefix or z a phonetic complem5t4 al3 ! sign has only "o value1 al1 ^: use is pr9cipally syllabic4 ,! sign-"n is ,,allu4 n-te-na3 n-te is ! ma9 ^w ) na z a suffix4 n-te3 n & te /& relat$ to ea* o!r z object & cognate v]b1 mean+ 8fe> a fe>04 ,! aff9ity ( n & te is %[n by ! fact t ! sign = n1 call$ ,,immu1 may h ! value tu 7see ,br4 #hcee71 !n ! object & v]b w\ld be tu-te1 8fe> a fe>0 7see ,fossey 9 ,,ja41 #aije1 p4 #abh74 n-te may mean 8self0 j z n may /& n only = 8fe>0 b = t :i* causes fe> z ,rammnu1 8! /orm-god01 & !n by way ( errone\s association = ramnu1 8self04 n3 ! sign ,,immu is "o ( ! pr9cipal signs t orig9ally d5ot$ 8! qu>t] ( ! heav5s04 ,x is us$ to signify 8/orm0 & _m ideas connect$ ) /orm4 te3 ,t,,mm,,nu orig9ally meant 8ori5tation01 !n 8to approa* ho/ilely02 h5ce n-te meant 8approa* ( /orm04 na is an indet]m9ate suffix1 b ! context %[s t x means 8?y01 s t n-te-na means 8?yself0 7see na above74 #b4 dimm] ,mu-ul-lil -mu-un na-m-zu-ka 444 e-ir-ma-al n-te-na ,o ,bl1 "l ( wisdom1 44444444 supreme by ?yself6 dimm]3 ! sign ,,an "h has ! value dimm]4 ,9 ! great bil+ual p5it5tial ,psalm1 ,k4 #bhaa 7,,iv ,r4 plate #aj71 in/ead ( ! s+le sign ,,an1 we h ! spell+ dim-me-er 7see l9es #c1 #g & o!rs74 ,if ?is 7 an ,,ek composition1 ! sign ,,an might be d+ir1 di-9-gir1 b 9 ! words -mu-un & e-ir-ma-al :i* we h already _h1 we h evid5ce t ?is is an ,,es composition1 h5ce ,,an "h is to be read dimm]4 ,mu-ul-lil3 ,bl has only "o "n 9 ?is hymn2 namely1 ,mul-lil4 ,9 ! two tablets1 #bifdd & #bifbc1 foll[+ ?is tablet1 ,bl is call$ ,en-lil 7see ! colophons74 ,! ^w ,mu-ul-lil divides into two p>ts1 ,mu-ul1 :i* contracts into ,mul1 & lil4 ,mu-ul3 ,mul is ,,es2 ,en is ,,ek4 ,bo? ,mul & ,en mean 8"l01 s t ei!r ,mul-lil or ,en-lil means 8"l ( fulness04 ,x is probable t mul 7wul7 is cognate ) en 7el74 mu 7z a value is discuss$ 9 l9e #a74 ul3 ! sign is compos$ ( ,g,,pu & ,,gu,u4 ,! value ul is ,semitic4 ,we %all meet bel[ ?is sign ) ! value r mean+ 8p]fect04 lil3 ! "n ( ! sign is ,k,,tu4 lil 9 magic writ+s means 8demon01 i4 e41 a _s :i* may be ei!r good or bad4 ,orig9ally ! sign indicat$ 8/ructure01 f :i* idea comes ! po/positional use ( ! sign ) ! value ge4 ru1 8w9d01 ) ! value lil is a second>y mean+ ( ! sign4 -mu-un na-m-zu-ka 7occurr+ 9 l9e #a1 0 discuss$ !re74 ,! fragm5ts foll[+ -ka d n give a sure clue z to :at ! signs 7 be=e ! erasure4 ,aft] dimm] ,mu-ul-lil p]haps ! :ole ( ! second l9e 0 precisely l ! fir/4 e-ir-ma-al n-te-na 7expla9$ 9 l9e #a74 #c4 a-a dimm] ,mu-ul-lil -mu-un-e kur-kur-ra ,o fa!r ,bl1 "l ( ! l&s6 a-a is probably = ad-da1 ad mean+ 8protector04 ,exactly h[ a-a comes to be us$ 9 ! place ( ad-da may n be det]m9$ ) c]ta9ty4 ,! explanation may lie 9 ! relation betwe5 8wat]01 8se$0 & 8fa!r04 a-a also seems to be a s(t5$ =m ( ad-da4 a means 8se$0 or m prim>ily 8wat]04 ,! sign is an ideographic picture ( dripp+ wat]4 dimm] ,mu-ul-lil 7expla9$ 9 l9e #b74 -mu-un-e divides into ! ^w -mu-un & ! prolongation v[el e1 possibly demon/rative 9 s5se 7see e f>!r on74 -mu-un is n else:]e 9 ?is hymn l5g!n$ to -mu-un-e1 b -mu-un occurs n9e times4 kur-kur-ra is ! plural =m ( n\n1 kur1 plus po/position ra4 kur-kur3 9 ,sum]ian ! g5]al way ( d5ot+ ! plural 9 n\ns is by d\bl+ ! root 7see ,,ask4 p4 #adj71 :]eas ! d\bl$ root 9 a v]b means an int5sifi$ or causative /em4 ,!re are five o!r cases ( d\bl+ ! root 9 ! hymn3 di-di1 l9e #g1 ma-ma1 l9e #h1 ir-ir1 l9e #ac1 m-m1 l9e #bj2 & da-da1 l9e #bc4 kur3 ! sign ,k,,ru 9 ! old l9e> =m repres5t$ pictorially 8m\nta9 tops04 ,! value kur has ?ree v common ,assyrian equival5ts1 ad1 8m\nta901 iritu1 8e>?0 & mtu1 8l&01 all closely relat$ to ea* o!r4 ra is a common po/position signify+ 8unto04 ,p]haps ra sometimes s]ves m]ely z a v[el ( prolongation1 ! r at ! same "t mak+ a d\ble ( ! f9al consonant ( ! prec$+ ^w4 ,9 su* a case ra is call$ a phonetic complem5t1 :ile x also helps to det]m9e ! value ( ! sign imm$iately prec$+4 ,to illu/rate1 ! sign ,k,,ru be+ foll[$ by ,,r> _c be read g9 nor mad4 ra c also be ! sign ( ! g5itive 7,br4 #fcfg74 #d4 a-a dimm] ,mu-ul-lil -mu-un dug-ga zi-da ,o fa!r ,bl1 "l ( righte\s comm&6 a-a dimm] ,mu-ul-lil -mu-un 7expla9$ 9 l9es #a1 #b & #c74 dug-ga3 dug is ! value ( ,k,,gu to be us$ "h1 z is at once sugge/$ by ! phonetic complem5t ga4 dug3 a v common mean+ ( dug is ibtu1 8comm&0 7,br4 #ecb74 ga is m]ely ! v[el ( prolongation a ) ! f9al g ( ! prec$+ /em4 zi-da3 zi be+ foll[$ by da gives ! impression t x %\ld be read zid ) da z a phonetic complem5t4 ,a f9al consonant 9 ! fir/ syllable1 h[ev]1 is n always a necessity4 ,! "n ( ! temple ( ,nabu at ,borsippa is n read -zid-da1 b -zi-da or -zida4 zi "h equals imnu1 8"r04 ,x may sometimes equal napitu 7see bel[1 l9e #be74 #e4 a-a dimm] ,mu-ul-lil siba sag gig-ga ,o fa!r ,bl1 %eph]d ( ! blackhead$6 siba equals r' 7,br4 #efhh74 ,! sign is comp\nd$ f ,,pa & ,,lu & means 8/aff-be>]01 s9ce ,,pa signifies 8/aff0 & ,,lu means 8hold01 8seize04 ,! use ( ! sign is conf9$ almo/ entirely to ! idea ( %eph]d ( animals & !n figuratively to t ( gov]nor ( m54 sag3 ! sign ) ! value sag1 call$ ,,sangu or ,,saggu1 is ! common sign to repres5t 8head0 :i* is express$ 9 ,assyrian ei!r by ru or aadu 7see ,br4 #cebb & #ceac74 ,! sign occurs 9 _m comp\nds4 gig-ga3 gig is ! value ( ,,mi sugge/$ by ! phonetic complem5t ga4 gig3 ! sign is compos$ ( ! corn] w$ge ,u & ! sign ,,tattab & means 8d>kness04 ,! sign really signifies 8ent]+ into depression04 gi p]haps is a dialectism = mi4 ga phonetic complem5t1 sag gig-ga means a race ( m51 evid5tly "h ! ,babylonians1 ! p 9 p>ticul> ov] :om ,bl ex]cis$ rule4 ,! t]m is c]ta9ly n "o ( depreciation4 ,x m]ely %[s t ! ,babylonians 7 sw>?y4 ,on ! o!r h&1 8blackhead$0 may be int5d$ to mean ! human race inhabit+ ! e>? 9 contradi/9ction to ! bright cele/ial be+s 7see ,,cdal4 #hgh74 ,cyrus1 9 8 ,brok5 ,cyl9d]1 seems to use ! phrase z mean+ ! ,babylonians4 ,8 words are3 ni al-mat aadi --ak-i-du a-ta-a-u4 8,! blackhead$ p :om he caus$ 8 h&s to conqu]0 7,v ,r4 #ce1 #ac74 #f4 a-a dimm] ,mu-ul-lil i-de gaba n-te-na ,o fa!r ,bl1 ! only all-see+ "o6 i-de1 phonetic repres5tation ( ide1 :i* 9 ! ,,ek dialect is repres5t$ by ! sign ,,ig ) ! value igi :i* 9 ,assyrian means nu1 8eye0 7,br4 #djjd1 #djjc & #ibgc74 ide is ,,es = ! ,,ek igi4 ,we h ! sign ,,ig 9 ! colophon :]e x occurs ) ,u1 8wat]01 a-ide mean+ 8wat] ( ! eye04 i is repres5t$ by ,,gi 78five074 ,! value i1 h[ev]1 is1 ( c\rse1 entirely syllabic "h4 ,notice t !re is a slight diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,babylonian ,,gi & ! ,assyrian ,,gi4 ,9 ,assyrian1 ,,gi consi/s ( two w$ges foll[$ by ?ree4 ,9 ,babylonian x consi/s ( ?ree foll[$ by two1 & 9 ! l9e> =m ! sign consi/s ( ?ree horizontal l9es foll[$ by two 7see ,,al4 p4 #abe1 ,no4 #aje74 de repres5t$ by ,,iz & hav+ ! value bil means 8fire04 ,! sign 9 its hi]oglyphic =m is probably a picture ( build+ a fire by ! friction ( an in/rum5t aga9/ a piece ( wood4 ,h5ce ! sign is prop]ly compos$ ( ,,am & ,,gi1 ,,am repres5t+ some?+ hav+ a head & ,,gi mean+ 8wood04 ,! sign 9 our text is old ,babylonian & may be f\nd 9 ,gudea 7,cyl9d] ,b1 ,col4 ,,iv1 l9e #ac1 9 ,dc4 ,plate #cd74 ,possibly i-de c\ld be expla9$ z if i 7 an ab/ract prefix & de z ref]r+ to ! light ( ! eye1 h5ce i-de means 8eye04 gaba is ! common ^w = irtu1 8brea/0 7,br4 #ddgg74 ,! sign ,,gabbu is a d\ble ,,mu-sign mean+ 8fulness04 ,f ?is idea ( 8fulness0 we easily d]ive ! idea ( 8op50 7,br4 #ddij74 ,s t ide gaba means 8op5 ey$04 ,! two ,,mu's appe> entirely sep>ate 9 ! ,babylonian =m ( ! sign z !y d n 9 ! ,assyrian =m 7see ,,tc4 p4 #ah74 ,our ,,gabbu is n s old z ! ,,gabbu ( ! ,/leo des ,vauturs1 b is l ,gudea's ,,gabbu 7see ,cyl9d] ,a1 ,cob ,,xxi1 l9e #be1 9 ,dc4 ,plate #cd74 i-de gaba is ab\t equal to 8omnisci5t04 n-te-na may be r5d]$ z 9 l9e #a1 8?yself10 or p]haps we c\ld say 8only04 #g4 a-a dimm] ,mu-ul-lil ama erim-na di-di ,o fa!r ,bl1 ! "l t execute/ judgm5t on ?y enemies6 ama3 ! mean+ = ,,ammu ) ! value ama is rmu1 8bull04 ,,ammu may mean 8"l01 blu 7,br4 #dedc74 ,9 ! sign ,,ammu we h ! hi]oglyphs = ! bull's head & ! m\nta9 comb9$4 ,9 ! olde/ ,babylonian =m1 ( c\rse1 l9es are us$ in/ead ( w$ges4 ,9 ,assyrian ! sign has be5 r$uc$ to two horizontal w$ges plac$ be=e ! sign ,d,,gu4 ,,ammu repres5ts 8! bull ( ! m\nta9s04 ,9 l9e #i we %all h ! sign ,,gu,u :i* repres5ts 8! bull n ( ! m\nta9s01 i4 e4 8! dome/ic bull0 or 8! ox04 ,! sign is ! same 9 =m z ,,ammu1 except t ! little inside w$ges repres5t+ ! m\nta9s are want+4 erim-na3 erim is tak5 to be ! "r value r ?an la1 because ( ! foll[+ na :i* s]ves z a phonetic complem5t1 m & n be+ closely relat$ because ( _! simil> indet]m9ate nasal qualities4 erim af=ds a mean+ t seems to suit ! context4 erim mu/ be equal to ! ,assyrian bu :i* mu/ l ! ,hebrew b h 9 x ! idea ( 8s]vice04 ,su* expressions z ! foll[+ br+ out ! idea ( 8s]vice04 erim-bal-ku-a1 8slave employ$ at ! wat] :eel0 7,,obtr4 ,plate #ia1 ,obv474 erim-bal-gub-ba1 8slave :o c>ries a hat*et0 7,,obtr4 ,plate #ag1 ,obv474 ,a common mean+ = erim is 8w>rior01 b ! w>rior z a soldi] r a g5]al4 ,!n f ! idea 8soldi] ( ! enemy01 we come to ! idea 8enemy01 :i* seems to be ! mean+ "h4 na1 :ile s]v+ phonetically1 is also "h a pronom9al suffix4 di-di c equal kadu 7,br4 #iebi & #iefc74 ,! judgm5t impli$ by di-di1 accord+ly1 may be t execut$ on an enemy4 di-di is m ?an pron\nc+ s5t5ce4 ,x is inflict+ ! puni%m5t4 di may be a value borr[$ f ! ,assyrian dnu1 8to judge01 b ?is is unc]ta91 z su* an occurr5ce implies ,semitic influ5ce :i* c\ld n h am\nt$ to mu* if ?is hymn 0 writt5 at a v e>ly p]iod4 #h4 a-a dimm] ,mu-ul-lil -n-la ma-ma ,o fa!r ,bl1 ! p[] ( ! l&6 -n-la equals n\n -n emu1 8p[]0 & phonetic complem5t la4 3 ,,igi-,,dibbu might be conf\nd$ ) ,,ul4 ,x is r c>elessly writt5 "h4 1 we h se5 9 l9e #a1 may mean 8"l0 9 ! s5se ( be+ 8eld]ly04 might mean 8m\nta902 if s x w\ld be 9 ! s5se ( be+ an 8anci5t m\nta904 "h1 h[ev]1 mu/ be an ab/ract prefix 7,,msl4 p4 ,,xvii74 1 = example1 is us$ z su* a prefix ) tu1 -tu be+ equal to 8(fspr+0 7,br4 #idgj74 n3 ,,piri,u 9 pass+ f ! old ,babylonian =m :i* we h 9 our text meets ) mu* *ange4 ,! =m 9 our text comes ne> to be+ t ( ! olde/ kn[n4 ,ev5 9 ammurabi x beg9s to take ! =m ( ! ,assyrian ,,piri,u 7see ,c4 ,,xliv4 #bd4 ,plate ,,lxxxi74 ,,piri,u ) ! value gir :i* is ,,ek = ! ,,es n] is ! common sign = 8foot0 7,br4 #iaib74 ,) ! mean+ ( 8p[]0 x g5]ally has ! value n 7,br4 #iahd74 la3 ,,lal "h is ess5tially ! same z ! old l9e> picture :i* may readily be f\nd 9 old ,sum]ian script1 giv5 also by ,delitzs* 7see ,,al4 p4 #abb1 ,no4 #ca74 la means 8fulness0 l ! ,assyrian lal1 b its use 9 our text is entirely phonetic4 ,we %\ld r expect ra "h4 ,note t 9 l9e #aj1 we h ra :]e we %\ld expect la1 & 9 l9e #ab1 we h da-ma-al-la :]e ! la is regul>1 j z ra is regul> 9 kur-kur-ra ( l9e #c4 ma-ma3 ,,mam 9 its orig9al =m is an old hi]oglyph repres5t+ ! e>?1 s t 8e>?0 or 8! l&0 is a common mean+ = ma & equal to ! ,assyrian mtu :i* probably comes f ,sum]ian ma1 8l&01 & da1 8/rong0 ,,daddu 7see l9e #a = fur!r comm5t74 #i4 ama n-a g ne-sig gan-nu ki ,! bull ( ! pa/ure1 ! bull t encompasse/ ! productive l&4 ama1 :i* 9 l9e #g 0 r5d]$ by 8"l01 mu/ mean "h 8bull01 z ! ^w n-a limits u to ?is mean+4 n-a means 8pa/ure04 n-a c\ld be tak5 z an adjective1 descriptive ( ! attitude ( ! bull1 i4 e41 t ( ly+ d[n quietly4 ,we h n-a aga9 9 l9e #ad4 a is simply phonetic "h 7see l9e #c74 n3 ! sign = ! value n has no sign-"n4 ,9 almo/ ?is =m1 ! sign is easily f\nd 9 ! text ( ,gudea 7see ,cyl9d] ,b1 ,col4 ,,xvi1 l9e #ai1 9 ,dc4 #ce74 ,! =m 9 our text is v ne> to ! orig9al l9e> =m & diff]s mu* f ! ,assyrian4 ,! ord9>y mean+ ( n is giv5 by ! ,assyrian rabu 8lie d[n01 k9dr$ to ! ,hebrew rb4 g1 ! value "h = ,,gu,u1 is commonly r5d]$ 9 ,assyrian by alpu 8ox04 ,! sign repres5ts ! bull's head ) horns4 ,hi/orically ! sign has ?ree =ms1 ! old ,babylonian l9e> =m1 ! old ,babylonian w$ge-=m & ! ,assyrian w$ge-=m4 ,! old ,babylonian l9e> & w$ge-=ms are ! same1 except t w$ges occur 9 ! latt] :]e simple /raight l9es appe> 9 ! =m]4 ,! ,assyrian =m is compos$ ( two horizontal w$ges1 "o upright w$ge & two little corn] w$ges 7,,al4 p4 #abh1 ,no4 #afd74 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ,,gu,u & ,,ammu is significant 7see note on l9e #g74 ne-sig3 ne-sig-ga equals kam1 8b9d0 7,br4 #dfbf74 ,! mean+ 8b9d0 fits "h4 ne is n an unusual indet]m9ate v]bal prefix 7see ,,msl4 p4 ,,xxix74 sig ,,pa1 probably ) ! value sig1 may equal kam 7,br4 #eege74 ,h5ce ne-sig is a v]b1 ne be+ ! prefix & sig ! /em4 gan-nu3 ! value gan is indicat$ by ! foll[+ nu4 gan ) complem5t>y nu is repres5t$ "h by an anci5t =m ( ! sign :i* is v diff]5t f ! ,assyrian =m4 ,! mean+ "h mu/ be express$ by dadu1 8pl5ty01 k9dr$ to alidu 7,,iv ,r4 #i1 #bd;a74 ki3 ! ,,kik ( our text is ,new-,babylonian 7see ! ,cyrus ,cyl9d]1 ,i ,r4 #ce1 l9e #d74 ,! e>ly l9e> =m is well repres5t$ by ! w$ge-=m ( ammurabi 7,c4 ,col4 ,i1 l9e #aj1 plate ,i74 ,a picture ( ! e>? 0 probably attempt$ 9 ! ar*aic l9e> =m4 ,x %\ld be not$ t space is repres5t$ conv5tionally by p>allel horizontal l9es includ$ 9 a rectangle1 ori5tat$ to ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! heav5s4 #aj4 dimm] ,mu-ul-lil n9 ar-ra ki damal-ra ,o ,bl1 ! b\ntiful "l ( ! broad l&6 dimm] ,mu-ul-lil 7see l9e #b = notes74 n9 9 ! s5se ( blu1 8"l01 gives a good context4 ar-ra equals n\n ar & po/position ra2 ar 8pl5ty0 7see ,,msl4 #abc74 ,! text h[ev] may be dam-ar-ra4 ,note t ra may be tak5 z a po/position ( ! g5itive z well z phonetic complem5t 7see on l9e #c74 ki 7see on l9e #i74 damal-ra equals adjective plus po/position4 damal1 ,,es = ! ,,ek dagal1 ) ! mean+ ( rapu1 8ext5sive0 7,br4 #edeb74 ,! sign "n is ,,am4 ,! sign is compos$ ( two signs "o )9 ! o!r1 ,,pisannu1 8h\se01 ! out] sign1 & ,,an1 8high01 ! inn] sign1 h5ce ! mean+ 8l>ge space01 8ext5sive04 #aa4 -mu-un mu-ud-na d sag-ma-al ki ,! "l ( creation1 ! creator1 ! true head ( ! l&6 -mu-un 7see l9e #a = note74 mu-ud-na may equal 8creator0 or 8begett]01 j z mu-na equals ! ,assyrian a-lid 7,,iv ,r4 #i1 #cb;a74 mu-ud is a phonetic repres5tation ( ! ^w mud1 ^: sign is ,,mu,n-,,dug1 ,u plus ,i 7,br4 #bbgc74 ,! ^w mud is equal to ! ,assyrian ban 7,br4 #bbgd74 d3 "h we mu/ let ! s5se gov]n u 9 decid+ on a =m :i* may be read ei!r z ,,kak or ,,ni4 ,,kak ) ! value du equal to ban 7,br4 #ebdh7 gives a mean+ t fits smoo?ly ) :at prec$es & foll[s4 ,9 _! orig9al =ms ,,kak1 ,,ni & ,,ir are simil> yet entirely di/9ct signs4 ,9 ! ar*aic l9e> =m1 ,,kak is a triangle ) "o ( ! angles po9t+ to ! "r4 ,,ni is a triangle ) "o ( ! angles po9t+ to ! "r & "o upright l9e pass+ ?r\gh ! triangle4 ,,ir also is a triangle ) "o ( ! angles po9t+ to ! "r & two upright l9es pass+ ?r\gh ! triangle4 sag-ma-al equals n\n sag1 plus suffix ma-al4 ,x c\ld /& = sag-ga j z sag-mal c /& = sag-ga 7,br4 #ceie74 sag equals 8head0 7z 9 l9e #e74 ma-al3 if ma-al is tak5 a suffix 7z 9 l9e #a71 x /&s = ! sign ,,pisannu mean+ aknu1 8e/abli%01 or ba1 8exi/01 & is ,,es = ! ,,ek gal4 ki 7see l9e #i74 #ab4 -mu-un zal la-na ga nunuz-m da-ma-al-la ,! "l ^: %9+ oil is milk = an ext5sive prog5y6 -mu-un 7see l9e #a = note74 zal3 ,,ni means 8oil04 ,! ,babylonian ,,kak1 ,,ni & ,,ir %\ld be di/+ui%$ f ! ,assyrian4 ,9 ,assyrian ! horizontal w$ges are p>allel & d n come to an angle at ! "r4 la-na3 zal la-na means 88 %9+ oil01 & ! ?\ght appe>s to be t ,bl causes food to be produc$ to su/a9 successive g5]ations4 ,8 oil is milk = _m g5]ations4 zal-la is some:at l ! expression 8f9e/ oil0 f\nd 9 ,assyrian inscriptions4 la3 ! signs ,,issu & ,,bu f9d _! ne>e/ approa* to ea* o!r 9 ! value la4 ,bo? signs h ?is value ) ! mean+ 8brightness04 na "h is a suffix ( ! ?ird p]son2 sometimes x is second p]son 7see l9e #a74 ga3 our sign "h is ! old ,babylonian ,g :i* ) its common value ga means izbu1 8milk04 ,! ar*aic l9e> =m repres5ts ! teat ( ! brea/4 ga occurs (t5 z a phonetic complem5t 7see l9e #d74 nunuz-m means 8is multitud9\s04 nunuz3 ,,nunuz 9 ?is =m is1 z ,delitzs* obs]ves 7,,hw4 p4 #ebe;b71 ,new-,babylonian4 ,9 ,assyrian x is compos$ ( ,,ab & ,i & 9 ,new-,babylonian ( ,,ab & ,e4 ,"h x is equal to ! ,assyrian lpu1 ,g]man 8,na*komme04 m3 ,a4,,an1 equall+ m1 is a well recogniz$ v]bal suffix us$ l ! v]b 8to be02 = in/ance1 d+ir-ra m means 8is a god0 & gal-la m means 8is great0 7see ,,sva4 p4 #ef74 da-ma-al-la is compos$ ( ! adjective da-ma-al & ! phonetic complem5t la4 da-ma-al is ! phonetic repres5tation 9 ,,es ( ! sign ,,am mean+ rapu 7see l9e #aj74 #ac4 -mu-un silim-ma-a-ni eri ir-ir ,! "l ^: decrees b9d toge!r ! city4 silim-ma-a-ni means 88 decree04 ,?us1 silim-ma-a equals n\n1 plus phonetic complem5t1 plus v[el prolongation4 silim3 we h _h ! sign ,,s>> 79 l9e #g71 :]e x 0 giv5 ! value di2 "h1 h[ev]1 ! phonetic complem5t sugge/s ! *oice ( ! value silim1 f :i* we d]ive ! mean+ 8decree01 al?\gh 8salutation0 is a m prim>y mean+ express$ by ! ,semitic value silim 7f ulmu74 ,! sign is app>5tly ,new-,babylonian4 ni is "o ( ! common nom9al suffixes ( ! ?ird p]son4 ,note t ,bl is address$ 9 ! ?ird p]son 9 ?is l9e1 b we %all f9d him address$ 9 ! second p]son aga9 9 l9e #af4 eri is ,,es = ! ,,ek uru4 ,?is value is sub/antiat$ by ! "n ( ! city ( ,eridu ,eri-u1 7see ,,msl4 p4 #aje74 ,! "n ( ! sign is ,,alu4 ,our sign is old ,babylonian & is n v diff]5t f ! hi]oglyphic =m :i* is suppos$ to repres5t a city 7see ,,al4 p4 #aba1 ,no4 #ba74 ,x diff]s consid]ably f ! ,new-,babylonian ,,alu :i* is mu* l ! ,assyrian4 ir-ir is an int5sive =m ( ! v]b & !re=e may be causative4 ,bl is suppos$ to h aid$ k+s especially 9 captur+ cities4 ir may mean 8b9d01 express$ by kam1 b kam is n s (t5 repres5t$ by ,,ir z by ,,dibbu or ,,lallu4 kam may be repres5t$ by ,,pa 7see l9e #i74 ,al?\gh ir is said to be a ,semitic value1 x is us$ 9 ?is hymn syllabically & is ! only value ( ! sign pres]v$ 7see l9e #a & also d 9 l9e #aa = fur!r comm5t74 #ad4 d n-a-ni m-e gal-la ,^: p[]ful dwell+-place 7is ! seat (7 a great comm&1 d3 ! sign giv+ ?is value has two orig9s1 "o ( :i* is repres5t$ by ! value dul1 mean+ 8cov]0 7,br4 #iehb74 ,! o!r is repres5t$ by ! value d & means 8dwell+-place01 r5d]$ 9 ,assyrian by ubtu 7,br4 #iehh74 d really means 8prescrib$ space04 n-a-ni means 88 ly+-d[n place04 n-a def9es ) m p>ticul>ity ! nature ( ! dwell+ z 8a ly+-d[n place01 8a p]man5t place ( re/04 ,"h we h d n-a2 above we h ama n-a 7l9e #i74 3 ,,idu & ,,daddu come f ! same ideogram :i* is ! picture ( ! h& & ! =e>m1 ! f+]s po9t+ to ! left4 ,! value id is suppos$ to be ( ,semitic d]ivation1 f ! root appe>+ 9 ,assyrian z idu1 8h&04 ,! sign ,,idu also means 8side01 8w+01 8horn01 8p[]04 ,h5ce ,i r5d] 8p[]ful0 "h1 mak+ x qualify d n-a-ni4 ,! sign 9 our text is old ,babylonian2 yet x seems to be a =m t is approa*+ ! ,assyrian =m4 ,,ta is also relat$ to ,,id & ,,da & is us$ z ,,da sometimes is1 z a po/position4 m-e1 compos$ ( prefix m & /em e4 m3 we h _h ! sign us$ phonetically 7l9e #a74 ,"h x is und\bt$ly an ab/ract prefix 7,,msl4 p4 ,,xvii71 qualify+ ! foll[+ e4 ,! sign is old ,babylonian1 readily f\nd 9 old ,babylonian inscriptions4 ,x is a composite sign4 ,! enclosure conta9s ! sign ,,iz :i* is also composite4 ,,iz h[ev]1 z expla9$ above 7l9e #f71 means 8fire04 ,s m is prim>ily ! 8fire ( love01 h5ce ! usual mean+ 8love04 e3 x is cle> t e c equal ab1 8speak0 7,br4 #ehdc & ,,hw4 #egh;a74 ,h5ce m-e mu/ mean 8spee*04 ,! sign is old ,babylonian1 z may be se51 = in/ance1 by exam9+ ammurabi4 ,x is call$ ,g4 ,! ,new-,babylonian =m comes ne>] to ! old ,babylonian ?an ! ,assyrian does4 ,?is fact goes to %[ t ! ,assyrian signs are z a rule f>!r away f ! ar*aic =ms ?an ! ,new-,babylonian signs are4 ,! sign ,u repres5t$ 8wat]01 b ! sign ,g repres5t$ ! 8wat]dit*01 8canal04 ,h[ e comes to mean ab may p]haps be expla9$ by its relation to ! value i ( ,k,,gu :i* equals amtu1 8^w04 gal-la3 gal1 8great01 is (t5 foll[$ by ! phonetic complem5t la4 #ae4 kur dimm] ,babb>--ta kur dimm] ,babb>-u- ,f ! l& ( ! ris+ sun to ! l& ( ! sett+ sun6 kur 7see on l9e #c74 dimm] ,babb>--ta equals ideogram = 8! sun01 plus v]b 8com+ out01 plus po/position 8f04 dimm] ,babb> is ! ord9>y ideogram = ilu ama us$ ( 8! sun01 z well z ( 8! god ama04 ,babb> is a value ( ,,issu :i* means 8to be :ite04 3 two signs1 ,,ud & ,,du1 equival5t to ?is value1 mean+ a1 8come out01 or 8g out04 ,! sign ,,ud is a picture ( ! sun1 & repres5ts ! ris+ sun2 h5ce 8come =?04 ta is a po/position mean+ 9 ?is case 8f01 b (t5 891 into04 ,,ta 9 our text is old ,babylonian & mu* l ! l9e> =m 9 e>ly tablets4 ,ne>ly ! same =m c be f\nd 9 ammurabi also4 ,b on ! :ole1 ! old ,babylonian1 ! ,assyrian & ! ,new-,babylonian all diff] f ea* o!r mu*4 ,,ta has a close relation to ,,da & ,,id 7see on l9e #ad74 dimm] ,babb>-u- equals ideogram = 8! sun01 plus u 8go+ 901 plus po/position 8to04 u equals erbu1 8ent] 904 ,ideographically1 ,u means 8b5t ov]01 or 8depress$04 is a value ( ,,ku1 z a po/position1 mean+ 8unto04 ,! sign is ( rectangul> =m & has _m values1 consequ5tly _m mean+s />t+ ) ! idea 8enclosure04 ,! gov]n+ =ce ( "h rea*es back ov] kur 9 ! middle ( ! l9e1 j z ! gov]n+ =ce ( ta goes back ov] kur at ! beg9n+ ( ! l9e4 ,! beautiful expression ( ?is l9e occurs m ?an once 9 ,sum]ian & ,babylonian lit]ature4 ,z e>ly z ,lugalziggisi x appe>s 9 royal writ+s4 ,lugalziggisi speaks ( 8 k+dom z ext5d+ 8f ! ris+ sun to ! sett+ sun04 ,babb>--ta 7,,ud4,,ud4,,du4,,ta7 ,babb>-u- 7,,ud4,u4,,ku7 7,,obi4 ,no4 #hg1 ,col4 ,,ii1 #ab & #ac74 ,& ,es>haddon 9 ,cyl9d] ,a says t 8,f ! ris+ sun to ! sett+ sun he m>*$ )\t a rival04 ul-tu i-x ilu am-i a-di e-rib ilu am-i x-tal-lak-u-ma ma-i-ra la i-u-u 7,i ,r4 #de1 ,col4 ,i1 #g & #h74 #af4 kur-ra -mu-un nu-um-ti za-e -mu-un ab-da-me-en ,o m\nta91 ! "l ( life1 ?\ ! "l inde$ art6 kur-ra 7see on l9e #c74 -mu-un 7see on l9e #a74 nu-um-ti occurs also 9 ! next l9e & no d\bt equals balu1 8life04 nu-um seems to be an ab/ract+ prefix ( ! nature ( nam z 9 nam-ti-la balu 7,br4 #afig74 nu-um-ti1 h[ev]1 may be a phonetic repres5tation ( nim1 also writt5 num :i* means eltu1 8height0 7,br4 #aihb & #ijaa74 ,accord+ to ?is view1 nu-um-ti might mean 8! acme ( life01 j z nam-ti equals 8! =tune ( life02 h5ce 8life 9 g5]al04 ,or x might be sugge/$ t num is really = nam1 z a is kn[n to diff]5tiate sometimes into u2 ga = in/ance becomes gu 7,,msl4 p4 ,x74 ti equals balu1 8life01 & has its full] =m 9 t91 also equal to balu 8live04 za-e equals atta1 8?\0 7,br4 #aagfb1 also ,,ask4 p4 #aci74 ab-da-me-en equals 8?\ ?yself art04 ,! =m consi/s ( v]bal prefix1 infix & v]b1 z foll[s3 ab1 be+ an indet]m9ate prefix1 may !re=e be us$ ( ! second p]son 7,,msl4 p4 ,,xxv74 ,u is an old ,babylonian sign pictorially repres5t+ 8enclos$ space01 h5ce ! mean+ ( 8enclosure04 ,x means1 ) ! value 1 8h\se01 &1 ) ! value ab1 8sea04 da is l 7,,id7 7l9e #ad71 ideographically repres5t$ by ! picture ( ! h& & =e>m 7l9e #d74 ,x means 8side01 also 8/r5g?04 ,x is sometimes a reflexive v]bal infix 7,,msl4 p4 ,,xxiv74 me-en equals ba 7,br4 #ajdjd74 me also equals ba 7,br4 #ajcfa7 & ! long] me-a equals ba 7,br4 #ajdei74 en1 !re=e1 is n an ess5tial "p ( ! ^w :i* means 8be04 me-en has no connection ) ma-e1 ! p]sonal pron\n ( ! fir/ p]son4 m51 9 fact1 c be us$ ( ! second p]son & ev5 ( ! ?ird z well4 ,! def9+ pron\n za-e "h compels u to take me-en 9 ! second p]son4 ,rev]se #ag4 dimm] ,mu-ul-lil kur-kur-ra ga--an nu-um-ti n9-zu ga--anab-da7-me-en7 ,o ,bl ( ! l&s1 "l ( life1 "l ( wisdom1 "l inde$ ?\ art6 dimm] ,mu-ul-lil 7see l9e #b = note74 kur-kur-ra 7see l9e #c = note74 ga--an1 l -mu-un 7l9e #a71 equals blu1 8"l01 & is a phonetic =m ( gaan :i* is usually repres5t$ by ,g,,pu-,,gun 7,br4 #fihi & ,,msl4 p4 #abi74 ga is only a syllable "h 7see l9es #d & #ab = fur!r comm5t74 is an old sign2 "h x is old ,babylonian & repres5ts closely ! l9e> =m4 ,! sign is mu* us$ 9 ,assyrian ) ! syllabic value 1 especially 9 ! place ( ,,nit7a7 :i* is (t5 a relative pron\n4 nu-um-ti 7see on l9e #af74 n9-zu means 8"l ( wisdom04 n9 equals blu 7,br4 #ajihe2 see l9e #aj74 ,on zu 7see l9e #a74 ab-da %\ld evid5tly be ab-da-me-en 7see l9e #af74 #ah4 e-lum n an-na a-kad za-da mu-e-da-mal ,o mighty "o1 dread ( heav51 royal "o inde$ ?\ art6 e-lum equals kabtu 7,br4 #ehhh71 & appe>s to /& = elim :i* also equals kabtu 7,br4 #hhhe74 lum is cle>ly syllabic "h1 b ! sign1 old ,babylonian "h1 is indicative ( plant-gr[?1 consi/+ ( wav+ l9es4 n equals pulutu1 8fe>01 "h 7see on l9e #a74 an-na3 an equal+ am1 8heav5s01 is a value ( ,,an atte/$ by ! phonetic complem5t na4 ,! sign ,,an 9 our text is old ,babylonian & is ! same z ! orig9al ideogram ( ! />1 except t w$ges h tak5 ! place ( /raight l9es4 ,9 our ,hymn to ,adad 7,,ct4 ,,xv1 ,tablet #bifca7 ! transition f ! ,babylonian to ! ,assyrian ,,an may be cle>ly se5 all on "o page1 w$ges h[ev] are us$1 n /raight l9es4 ,!re is ! orig9al =m1 !re is ! ,assyrian =m1 & !re are int]m$iate =ms en\gh to %[ h[ ! ,babylonian /> passes into ! ,assyrian ,,an4 ,! ,,nan ( our text may be f\nd exactly 9 ! ,brick ( ,ur-,gur 7,,ct4 ,,xxi1 ,tablet #ijjjj1 plate #h74 ,9 ,nebu*adrezz> ,i4 7,,ct4 ,,ix1 ,tablet #ibihg71 ! int]nal horizontals h disappe>$1 b ! sign has n fully rea*$ ! ,assyrian ,,nan4 a-kad3 p]haps ?is ^w a-kad is a loan-^w f ! ,assyrian ekdu4 ,x is bett] to take a z a vocalic ab/ract prefix & to consid] kad z ! root4 ,!re are ?ree signs t give ?is value kad 7,br4 #acfd1 #acfe & #bgjj74 ,! sign ,,gadu means kit1 8clo?+ mat]ial0 7,br4 #bgjd & ,,:4 #cfa2 see also ,,msl4 p4 #aad74 ,! context alone sugge/s "h t "s idea ( p[] may be expect$ 9 ! ^w a-kad4 ,p]haps royal p[] is meant1 :i* c\ld be symbolically repres5t$ by a g>m5t1 especially a royal robe4 za-da no d\bt /&s = za-e-da & w\ld be equal to 8?\ ?yself01 8?\ inde$0 7see l9e #af74 9 ,sum]ian may repres5t ! ,assyrian l1 8v]ily01 7,br4 #gjdg74 1 simply z a syllable1 occurs above 7see l9e #ag74 mu-e-da-mal is a v]b4 mu is an indet]m9ate v]bal prefix4 ,:e!r x is fir/1 second or ?ird p]son may be det]m9$ by ! context4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 ! za-da ( ! context %[s mu to be second p]son 7see on l9e #a74 e "h is a v]bal infix1 corroborative 9 "* 7see ,,msl4 p4 ,,xxiv1 also l9es #c & #ad74 da is also a v]bal infix 7see l9e #af74 mal equals ba1 8to be01 7,br4 #bbch74 #ai4 dimm] ,mu-ul-lil u en787 dimm]-ri-ne za-da mu-e-da-mal ,o ,bl1 v "l ( gods ?\ inde$ art6 u equals blu1 8"l01 & is a v common ideogram = 8"l0 7see -mu-un1 l9e #a74 en also equals blu1 8"l01 b evid5tly ! text is imp]fect at ?is po9t 7see l9e #af1 on en74 dimm]-ri-ne means 8gods04 ri is a phonetic complem5t2 ne is a purely phonetic plural end+ us$ bo? = n\ns & v]bs 7see ,,sva4 p4 #fi74 za-da mu-e-da-mal 7see l9e #ah74 #bj4 a-a dimm] ,mu-ul-lil mu-lu gu m-m-me-en mu-lu se m-m-me-en ,o fa!r ,bl1 :o cause/ vegetation to spr\t1 :o cause/ gra9 to gr[6 a-a dimm] ,mu-ul-lil 7see on l9es #b & #c74 mu-lu is a phonetic repres5tation ( mulu 7,br4 #fcih74 mulu is ,,es2 ,,ek w\ld be gulu 7,br4 #fcie74 mu-lu frequ5tly means ! ,assyrian relative pron\n a 7,br4 #fdjf74 gu3 ,g is a composite sign ^: orig9al p>ts are ,,ni & ,,be & :i* means 8full ( dea?04 ,accord+ to ! d]ivation1 ,g !n may be read z 8de/ruction0 7,,msl4 p4 #aef74 ,g has also an ,assyrian equival5t g mean+ 8plant01 8vegetation0 7,br4 #aaach & ,,hw4 p4 #ehb74 ,! consid]ation ( ,g z mean+ 8vegetation0 looks only on ! p]i%able side ( ! object4 ,! sign has few values4 ,"h1 x is cle>ly old ,babylonian resembl+ ! l9e> =m4 m-m-me-en "h equals a1 8g out01 us$ ( plants & trees 7,br4 #dcjc74 ,! m g5]ally us$ ^w = a is 7,,ud4,,du7 7see on l9e #ae74 m3 ! "n ( ! sign is ,,nisig 7see note on e-ir1 l9e #a74 ,! sign is old ,babylonian "h4 me-en 7see on l9e #af74 e3 ! sign is old ,babylonian "h4 ,its mo/ common ,assyrian equival5t is 'u1 8gra90 7see l9e #a74 ,if we gave -,,um ! broad] mean+ ( 8production01 at ! same "t read+ ,g z 8de/ruction01 we w\ld h ! f9e anti!tical p>allelism3 8,o fa!r ,bl1 :o br+e/ =? de/ruction & :o br+e/ =? production40 ,su* a read+ w\ld give q correctly ! c\rse ( ?\ght1 = ,bl is god ( ! atmosph]e1 "l ( ! cl\ds1 & comm&] ( ! ra9-/orms :i* are ei!r s\rces ( gr[? on e>? or ( ru94 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! translation :i* ,i h adopt$ seems p]haps pref]able4 #ba4 dimm] ,mu-ul-lil me-lam-zu gr-ra ha-mu-ni-ib-7 7-ne-ne ,o ,bl1 be=e ! great glory may !y be 79 fe>876 me-lam-zu3 f ! comb9ation ( ,,me & ,,lam we get ! ,assyrian melammu1 8glory04 me3 ,,mim ) ! value iib means ellu1 8bright0 7see l9e #af = fur!r comm5t74 lam3 "o ( ! values ( ,,iz1 seems to equal itu1 8flame01 b ! usual value ( ,,iz = itu is bil 7see l9e #f1 de71 me-lam lit]ally means 8bright flame04 zu1 besides be+ an ideogram = id1 8"k01 is ! usual pronom9al suffix ( ! second p]son s+ul> 7see on zu1 l9e #a71 z 9 ?is passage4 gr-ra gives a good s5se1 ?\gh ! signs resemble ,,ku & ,,ra giv+ -ra1 a d\ble po/position4 ,! text h[ev] is defective4 gr-ra equals kabtu 7,br4 #ajahc71 mak+ ! phrase read 8be=e ?y great glory04 gr3 ,,kil also has ! value gurun equal to ebnu1 8fruit0 7,br4 #ajagi74 ra 7see on l9e #c74 a3 ,k,a is ! usual ,sum]ian sign us$ ) a v]b1 to give a precative s5se z "h4 ,! sign "h is old ,babylonian & resembles ! pictorial =m :i* is cle>ly t ( 8a fi%0 7see on l9e #bb74 ,! orig9al pictorial figure is "o ( ! few to be f\nd 9 :i* curv$ l9es pr$om9ate4 mu-ni-ib-7 7-ne-ne3 /rangely en\gh ! v]b seems to be omitt$ 9 ! s5t5ce ( ?is l9e4 ,p]haps ! omission is due to scribal error4 mu is a v]bal prefix ( ! ?ird p]son "h 7see on l9e #ah74 ni-ib is a v]bal infix 7see ,,msl4 p4 ,,xxxiii74 ,! infixes are g5]ally p]sonally indet]m9ate4 ,!y incorporate1 betwe5 ! v]bal prefixes t repres5t ! subject & ! v]b1 ! object 9 pronom9al =m1 :e!r x be direct or indirect4 ni-ib really equals 8be=e x04 ,! translation disreg>ds ni-ib = ! sake ( smoo?ness4 ni 7see on l9e #ac74 ib /&s to ni z po/position to pron\n4 ,! sign = ib is old ,babylonian2 x is really composite & signifies 8side04 ne-ne is a p]sonal pron\n ( ! ?ird p]son 7see ,,ask4 p4 #aci74 ne is syllabic "h 7see de1 l9e #f1 ab\t its ideographic value2 also lam1 l9e #ba74 #bb4 u-e an-na a-e -ra -n ma-ni-ib-si ,! birds ( ! heav5s & ! fi% ( ! sea are fill$ ) fe> ( !e6 u-e equals iuru1 8bird04 u3 simple u is us$ else:]e = iru4 ,! sign ,,mu,,nnu "h is old ,babylonian4 ,! ar*aic =m is suppos$ to be ! picture ( a bird 9 flight4 mun1 ano!r value ( ,,mu,,nnu1 also means 8bird04 e is n a necess>y "p ( ! ^w1 be+ "h only a v[el ( prolongation probably indicat+ ! def9ite article 7see l9es #c & #ad74 an-na 7see on l9e #ah74 a-e equals nnu1 8fi%04 a alone equals nnu 7see on l9e #ba74 e s]ves ! same purpose z 9 u-e4 -ra equals aps1 8sea04 alone equals aps 7,br4 #ajbag74 ra may be tak5 z a sign ( ! g5itive 7see on l9e #c74 -n equals 89 ! mid/ ( fe>04 3 ,,gu1 ) ! value 1 equal to libbu or kirbu1 is "o ( ! few ,sum]ian prepositions4 ,x prec$es its object z a n\n 9 ! con/ruct /ate1 n 7see on l9e #ah74 ma-ni-ib-si consi/s ( prefix1 infix & v]b4 ma is n a v common v]bal prefix4 ,x is indet]m9ate1 b ! s5se requires ! ?ird p]son 7see ,,msl4 p4 ,,xxiv74 ni-ib is second p]son "h 7see on l9e #ba74 si3 ! mo/ common mean+ ( si is mal1 8fill04 ,! sign is ,babylonian & c be f\nd ei!r 9 ! ,code ( ammurabi or ! ,cyrus ,cyl9d]4 #bc4 a-a dimm] ,mu-ul-lil-li da-da ma mu-e-g9 sag-e-zi si-ba-e e-nab ,o fa!r ,bl1 9 great /r5g? ?\ goe/1 ! head ( life1 ! %eph]d ( ! />s6 a-a dimm] ,mu-ul-lil-li 7see on l9e #b74 li is m]ely phonetic complem5t4 ,we might give x an ideographic value & connect x ) da-da & r5d] 8abundant 9 /r5g?04 ,! common mean+ ( ,,lil is ra1 8ab\nd04 ,) ! value gub1 h[ev]1 x means ellu1 8bright04 ,! sign is old ,babylonian1 yet q diff]5t f ! ar*aic l9e> =m4 da-da means 8/r5g?0 7see on l9e #af74 ma has ?ree common ,assyrian equival5ts1 ma'adu1 8_m01 rab1 8great0 & ru1 8high04 ma "h equals rab4 ,!re is /ill ano!r ,assyrian equival5t1 mau :i* mu/ be a loanword 9 ,semitic4 mu-e-g9 z prefix1 infix & v]b means 8he inde$ goes04 mu-e 7see on l9e #ah74 g9 is a value ( ! sign ,,aragubb 7see 1 l9e #ae74 sag-e-zi equals 8head0 7l9e #e7 plus v[el ( prolongation 7l9e #c7 & 8( life0 7l9e #d74 ,z,,tu equals napitu z well z imnu & knu4 si-ba-e divides into siba & e4 si-ba is ! same z siba 7l9e #e71 only "h ! ^w is giv5 syllabically r ?an ideographically4 e is a v[el prolongation 7z 9 l9e #c74 e-nab is naturally treat$ z ?\gh e 7 a vocalic prefix & nab ! root4 e z an ab/ract prefix1 no d\bt1 is possible 7,,msl4 p4 ,,xvii74 nab3 in/ead ( ,,nabbu1 p]haps ! sign is ,,ana-,,ku ) ! la/ compon5t omitt$2 !n ! value %\ld be mul1 equal to kakkabni1 8/>s01 & ! clause reads3 8%eph]d ( ! />s04 e may equal m 8wat]0 7see l9e #ad71 & nab may equal am1 8heav502 !n we h ! read+3 8%eph]d ( ! wat] ( heav504 #bd4 -mu-un ka na-m-g iz-ba eri ga mu-e-g9 gn si-ti -me-a ,o "l1 ! m\? ( production ?\ op5e/1 z a prolific city ?\ goe/1 ! re$ ( ! fulness ( life ?\ art6 -mu-un 7l9e #a74 ka3 ,k,,gu "h is a n\n ) ! value ka equal to p1 8m\?01 7,br4 #ech74 ,! sign orig9ally repres5t$ ! head1 & its fir/ mean+ 0 gu equal to ib4 ,! sign is old ,babylonian 7see on l9es #a & #d74 na-m-g is a n\n4 na-m is an ab/ract prefix 7l9e #a74 g equals aknu1 8cause to be01 7,br4 #edba74 ,! sign is ,,pisannu4 ,we h _h ! sign phonetically repres5t$ by ma-al 7l9e #aa7 us$ z a suffix4 ,"h g is n a suffix1 b ! root4 iz-ba is a v]b4 iz is an indet]m9ate prefix1 %[n by ! context to be ( ! second p]son4 ba equals pit1 8op504 ,! sign is old ,babylonian4 ,! ar*aic =m ( ! sign signifi$ 8divide04 eri 7see on l9e #ac74 ga 7see l9e #ab74 ga c be us$ z an adjective mean+ 8prolific01 "o ( ! d]iv$ ideas ( ga z 8milk04 mu-e-g9 7see l9e #bc74 gn equals an1 8re$04 ,! sign is sometimes foll[$ by ! phonetic complem5t na4 ,! sign is old ,babylonian4 si equals 8fulness0 7see on l9e #bb74 ti- means 8unto life04 ti 7see l9e #af72 ! sign "h1 h[ev]1 really resembles ,,bala :i* prim>ily means 8break+ into04 ,!n we h ! d]iv$ mean+ pal1 8weapon01 !n 8insignia ( royal au?ority01 & consequ5tly 8rule01 8gov]nm5t04 ,if we read bal in/ead ( ti1 !n ,bl is 8a full re$ unto royalty01 :i* makes little s5se4 7see l9e #ae74 me-a is ! same z me-en 7see on l9e #af74 a is phonetic 7see on l9e #i74 #be4 a-a dimm] ,mu-ul-lil sag zi sag n-la ti ba-ni-ib-ag ,o fa!r ,bl1 ! head ( life1 ! head ( /r5g?1 ! p[] ( life ?\ make/ ?yself6 a-a dimm] ,mu-ul-lil 7see l9es #b & #c74 sag 7see l9e #e74 zi equals napitu l ti 7see l9e #af1 also #bc74 n-la 7see on l9e #h74 equals tu1 8h&04 ,! sign also has a value kd :i* is evid5tly d]iv$ f ! ,semitic tu4 ti 7see on l9e #bd74 ,if we read ! sign z ,,til1 !n ,bl is 8! p[] ( life04 ,if we read ,,bala1 !n ,bl is 8! p[] ( royalty01 signify+ p]haps t royal au?ority is ve/$ 9 ,bl4 ba-ni-ib-ag is a v]b1 ba is an indet]m9ate v]bal prefix1 b is mu* us$ = ! second p]son 7,,msl4 p4 ,,xxvi74 ni-ib 7see on l9e #ba74 ag equals epu1 8make04 ,! sign is old ,babylonian4 #bf4 -gil ni-a mu-bi im ,altoge!r !re are tw5ty-five l9es 9 ! tablet4 -gil equals naparu1 8:at is collect$01 8totality01 8entirety04 is a prefix to ! causative /em 7see on l9e #be74 gil equals paru1 8collect04 nia3 ! signs = ! num]als tw5ty & five are ! same z 9 ,assyrian1 ni is ! ,sum]ian num]al = 8tw5ty04 a is ! ,sum]ian num]al = 8five04 mu-bi im3 mu-bi equals 88 "n01 ea* l9e ( ! ,hymn be+ consid]$ a "n ( ,bl4 ,9 our translation we may read 8its l9es04 im1 ! same sign z n 7l9e #a74 im is sometimes equal to u1 8clay01 or duppu1 8tablet04 #bg4 r7,a4,i7 lim7b7-ma ,hymn ( praise4 r is a value d]iv$ f two signs1 ,a & ,i1 tak5 toge!r4 ,! mo/ common mean+ ( ! value is biktu1 8lam5tation01 or 8song0 7see i-de1 l9e #f74 lim-ma3 ! phonetic complem5t ma indicates t ! prec$+ value %\ld end ) m4 ,dr4 ,lau reg>ds ?is z ! sign lib7m7 kru1 8woe01 7,br4 #gbga72 h5ce r-lim-ma w\ld mean a p5it5tial psalm4 ,*apt] ,,ii ,tablet #acicj1 ,plates #af & #ag1 ,hymn to ,s9 ,obv]se #a4 m-gur7,,ar7 azag an-na e-ir-ma-al n7,,im7-te-na ,o %9+ %ip ( ! heav5s1 maje/ic alone6 #b4 a-a dimm] is-ki -mu-un-e is-unu-ki-ma ,o fa!r ,nann>1 "l ( ,ur6 #c4 a-a dimm] is-ki -mu-un-e 7,,bit7-n]-nu-gl7,,ig7 ,o fa!r ,nann>1 "l ( ,e-giirgal6 #d4 a-a dimm] is-ki -mu-un dimm] -su-ud ,o fa!r ,nann>1 "l ( ,namrax6 #e4 -mu-un dimm] is-ki -mu sag d+ir ,en-lil-l ,o "l ,nann>1 *ief son ( ,bl6 #f4 sg7,,dirig7-ga-zu-ne sg7,,dirig7-ga-zu-ne ,:5 ?\ art full1 :5 ?\ art full1 #g4 i-de7,,ne7 a-a-zu i-de7,,ne7 dimm] ,mu-ul-lil-ra e-ir-ma-al-la-zu-ne ,:5 be=e ?y fa!r1 be=e ,bl ?\ art sov]eign1 #h4 a-a dimm] is-ki e-ir-ma-al-la-zu-ne gaba zi7g7-ga-zu-ne ,o fa!r ,nann>1 :5 ?\ art sov]eign1 :5 ?\ lifte/ up ! brea/1 #i4 m-gur7,,ar7 an-g7,,lib7-ga sg7,,dirig7-ga e-ir-ma-al-la-zu-ne ,o %ip 9 ! mid/ ( ! heav5s1 :5 ?\ art full & sov]eign1 #aj4 a-a dimm] is-ki za-e 7,,ab7 azag-7,,ku7 pa7d7-a-zu-ne ,o fa!r ,nann>1 ?\1 :5 ?\ speake/ to ! %9+ h\se1 #aa4 a-a dimm] is-ki m-dim g7,a4,,mi4,a7 sg7,,dirig7-ga-zu-ne ,o fa!r ,nann>1 :5 l a %ip on ! tide ?\ art full1 #ab4 sg7,,dirig7-ga-zu-ne sg7,,dirig7-ga-zu-ne za-e sg7,,dirig7-ga-zu-ne ,:5 ?\ art full1 :5 ?\ art full1 ?\1 :5 ?\ art full1 #ac4 sg7,d,i,rl,g7-ga-zu-ne bi-ag-a-zu-ne za-e sg7,,dirig7-ga-zu-ne ,:5 ?\ art full1 :5 ?\ speake/ favorably1 ?\ :5 ?\ art full1 #ad4 bi-ag-a r7,,ul7-ti-a-zu-ne za-e sg7,,dirig7-ga-zu-ne ,:5 ?\ speake/ graci\sly & eng5d]e/ life1 ?\1 :5 ?\ art full6 #ae4 a-a dimm] is-ki lid damal lid-ne-ra sal-dug7,,ka7-ga-zu-ne ,o fa!r ,nann> ( ext5sive prog5y1 :5 ?\ speake/ to t prog5y1 #af4 a-a-zu ide7,i7 l-la mu-e-i-9-ma sal-zi ma-ra ni-9-g7,,ka7 ,?y fa!r disc]ns ! joyful face & speaks life to ! l&4 #ag4 e i-i lugal-ra 7d7 7,,ud7-de7,,ne7-e e mu-un-7,,ud4,,du7 ,z an exalt$ royal comm&1 daily he causes ! ^w to g =?6 #ah4 dimm] ,mu-ul-lil-li mu-du-ru -sud-du -za ma-ra ni-9-r7,,ul7 ,bel ) ! sceptre ( di/ant days exalts ?y h& ov] ! l&4 #ai4 is-unu-ki-ma m-gur7,,ar7 azag-ga pa7d7-a-zu-ne ,:5 9 ,ur1 ,o %9+ %ip1 ?\ speake/1 #bj4 44 dimm] ,nu-dim-mud-e sal-dug7,,ka7-ga-zu-ne ,:5 to 44 ,ea ?\ speake/1 #ba4 444444444444 pa7d7-a-zu-ne ,:5 44444 ?\ speake/1 ,rev]se #bb4 44444444444444444444 44444444444444444444 #bc4 44444444444444 lal a im-si 444444444444444 ) wat] is fill$4 #bd4 444444444444 gi a im-si 444444444444 ) wat] is fill$4 #be4 d7,a47 4444444 e a im-si dimm] is-ki-kam ,! riv] 444444 is fill$ ) wat] by ,nann>4 #bf4 azag-gi d7,a47 ud-kib-nun-na-ge7,,kit7 a im-si dimm] is-ki-kam ,! bright ,euphrates is fill$ ) wat] by ,nann>4 #bg4 d7,a47 nu e-bi l-e a im-si dimm] is-ki-kam ,! empty riv] is fill$ ) wat] by ,nann>4 #bh4 sug ma sug ban7,,tur7-da a im-si dimm] is-ki-kam ,! l>ge m>%1 ! little m>% is fill$ ) wat] by ,nann>4 #bi4 r7,a4,i7 lim7,,lib7-ma dimm] ,en-zu ,p5it5tial ,psalm to ,en-zu4 ,?is beautiful & int]e/+ hymn beg9s ) a picturesque & lordly epi!t ( ! god ^: full face s (t5 %one ^u ! wor%ipp] night by night4 ,8 fa!rly nature & 8 full-orb$ glory are dwelt ^u 9 ador+ & gl[+ t]ms4 ,! "n ( 8 city & temple are m5tion$4 ,8 p[] to light5 ! _w is ackn[l$g$4 ,8 peculi> relation ( 8son to ,bl0 is ann\nc$4 ,! ph5om5on ( 8 appe>ance 9 ! heav5s z ! full moon is describ$ to u f sev]al po9ts ( view4 ,?is is ! fam\s ,nann>1 dwell+ 9 ! temple ( ,e-giirgal at ! anci5t city ( ,ur4 ,! sacr$ %ip1 becom+ a peculi> emblem 9 ,babylonian wor%ip1 symboliz$ sev]al important ideas connect$ ) ,nann>'s transit ?r\gh ! heav5s by night or dur+ ! mon?4 ,p]haps ,nann> 0 9 ! beg9n+ a wat]-god4 ,8 p[] ov] ! wat]s is graphically describ$4 ,obv]se #a4 m-gur azag an-na e-ir-ma-al n-te-na ,o %9+ %ip ( ! heav5s1 maje/ic by ?yself6 m-gur is a boat ( cresc5t =m4 ,s9 is a man sitt+ 9 ! half circle ( ! moon & sail+ across ! firmam5t ( ! heav5s z 9 a maje/ic %ip4 m3 ! sign ,m 0 orig9ally pictorial & repres5t$ ! rudd] ( ! %ip4 ,! sign ( our tablet is ,new-,babylonian & c be f\nd 9 ! inscriptions ( ,nebu*adrezz> ,,ii4 ,x is half way betwe5 ! old pictorial & ! usual ,assyrian ,m4 gur3 ! sign ,,ar probably ref]s to ! body ( ! %ip z 8an enclosure01 or m p>ticul>ly to 8! cresc5t =m0 ( ! %ip1 s9ce ,,ar means 8circul> enclosure04 ,! ,,ar ( our text is mu* l ! l9e> =m f\nd 9 ! ,/le des ,vaut\rs4 azag equals ellu1 8%9+01 7,br4 #ihij74 ,! sign also has ! value ku ) ! mean+ ellu4 azag1 8%9+01 ref]s to ! moon & ! moon looks l a %ip4 an-na 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ah74 e-ir-ma-al n-te-na 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #a74 ,! ideas ( ^! two words f9d _! way into ! fir/ l9e ( ! ,aurbnipal ,hymn to ,s91 ,k4 #bhfa1 7,,iv ,r4 #i74 e-ir-ma-al appe>s especially z n]-gal 7-n & m-g7 & n-te-na z a-ni ma-m2 e-di-i-u i-i-ru4 #b4 a-a dimm] is-ki -mu-un-e is-unu-ki-ma ,o fa!r ,nann>1 "l ( ,ur6 a-a 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #c74 dimm] is-ki is ! mo/ common ,sum]ian "n ( ! god ,s91 & means 8bro!r ( ! l&04 ,s9 0 probably look$ ^u z 8! help] ( e>?04 dimm] 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #b74 is equals au1 8bro!r01 7,br4 #fdcg74 ,i sometimes has ! value uru1 especially :5 x means naru1 8keep04 ,! ,i ( our hymn is ,new-,babylonian b is n ess5tially diff]5t f ! ,i ( ,gudea4 ki 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #i74 -mu-un-e 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #c74 is-unu-ki-ma means 8( ! bro!r's dwell+ place04 is means 8bro!r04 unu equals ubtu1 8dwell+01 7,br4 #dgib74 ma1 p]haps1 c be tak5 z a sign ( ! g5itive1 be+ dialectic = ga1 :i* is = ge1 "o ( ! values ( ,,kit 7see ,,msl4 pp4 ,,xi & ,,xvi74 ,p]haps we ought to read ?is ^w ,uru-um-ki-ma1 tak+ ! o!r value ( ,i & also read+ um in/ead ( unu4 ,9 texts ( ,,obi4 x w\ld appe> t ,,unu is closely relat$ to ,,um z well z to ,,ab4 #c4 a-a dimm] is-ki -mu-un-e 7,,bit7-n]-nu-gl7,,ig7 ,o fa!r ,nann>1 "l ( ,e-giirgal6 a-a dimm] is-ki -mu-un-e 7see l9e #b74 -n]-nu-gl is n ! usual spell+4 ,! m common =m is -gi-ir-gal4 ,our 7,,bit7-n]7,,n]7-nu7,,nu7-gl7,,ig7 :i* also occurs 9 ammurabi 7= example1 9 ,c4 ,col4 ,,ii1 l9e #ba1 ,plate ,,ii7 is dialectic = 7,,bit7-gi7,,iz7-ir7,,ir7-gal7,,gal74 7,,bit7-gi7,,iz7-ir7,,ir7-gal7,,gal7 is ! spell+ f\nd 9 ! ,aurbnipal ,hymn4 ,9 ! inscription ( ! ,clay ,cyl9d] ( ,nabonidus f\nd at ,ur 7,col4 ,i1 l9e #cj71 ! spell+ is 7,,bit7-gi7,,iz7-ir7,,ir7-gal7,,gal71 b ! m>g9 has ! spell+ 7,,bit7-gi7,,iz7-nu7,,nu7-gl7,,ig74 equals btu1 8h\se01 7,br4 #fbch74 n] evid5tly /&s = ki4 ,^! two values1 n] & ki1 7 repres5t$ by ! same sign 9 old ,babylonian2 namely1 ,,piri,u4 ,f ! sign ,,piri,u1 !re develop$ 9 ,assyrian ano!r sign1 ^: *ief value is ki ) ! mean+ kiatu4 ,! sign "h !n %\ld h ! value ki1 or 9 old ,babylonian gi1 :i* is also "o ( ! values ( ,,gissu1 a det]m9ative be=e ! "n ( a light4 nu is = ir :i* equals nru1 8light04 ,i4,,ir is a common ideogram = 8light04 ,! int]*ange ( ,,nu & ,,siru is n s easy to expla94 ,! fact t ,,nu in/ead ( ,,siru occurs 9 ! "n ( ! temple 9 ! "t ( ammurabi w\ld g to %[ t ! spell+ ( ! ^w ) ,,nu is m primitive ?an ! spell+ ) ,,siru4 ,p]haps ,,nu has a value ir4 ,brnn[ recognizes ! fact t ,,nu 9 ! "n ( ! temple sometimes takes ! place ( ,,siru 7see ,br4 #bjje & #afeg74 ,!re is a diff]5ce betwe5 ,i,u & ,,gallu4 ,i,u equals ba1 :ile ,,gallu equals rab4 ,! gal 7,,es mal7 ( ,i,u mu/ be diff]5t f ! gal ( ,,gallu4 #d4 a-a dimm] is-ki -mu-un dimm] -su-ud ,o fa!r ,nann>1 "l ( ,namrax6 a-a dimm] is-ki -mu-un 7see l9e #b74 dimm] -su-ud3 "o ( ! citations ,brnn[ gives1 9 :i* ! "n ( ?is god occurs1 is 9 ,incantation ,k4 #cbee 7,,iv ,r4 #b1 #ba71 :]e1 9 ! ,sum]ian z well z 9 ! m>g9al read+ ( ! ,assyrian1 ,s9 is said to be ! "l ( ! god ,namrax4 dimm] ,en-zu-na en dimm] -su-ud ra-ge ilu ,s9 be-el ,nam-ra-i-x4 -su-ud means 8! only f\ndation ( light04 has a v common ,assyrian equival5t edu1 8"o04 su equals idu1 8f\ndation01 7,br4 #dhaa74 ud equals urru1 8light01 7see ,br4 #ggih74 #e4 -mu-un dimm] is-ki -mu sag d+ir ,en-lil-l ,o "l ,nann>1 *ief son ( ,bl6 dimm] is-ki 7see l9e #b74 u-mu3 ,u4,,mu is a syllabic & dialectic =m ( ,,dumu 7,br4 #djfi & #aaiag74 ,:5 ,,dumu /&s = mru1 8son01 x is suppos$ to h ! value du 7,br4 #djha74 u-mu is no d\bt = dumu & du is a %ort5$ =m ( dumu4 u3 ! sign may be recogniz$ z old ,babylonian appe>+ 9 ?is =m 9 ! ,code ( ammurabi 7see also ,,al4 p4 #ace1 ,no4 #cbh74 sag 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #e74 u-mu sag mu/ be equal to "s su* expression z 8fir/ born son01 or 8only begott5 son04 d+ir ,en-lil-l3 9 l9e #g1 we %all h dimm] ,mu-ul-lil-ra & 9 l9e #ah1 dimm] ,mu-ul-lil-li4 d+ir may be pref]r$ to dimm] because ! sign is a det]m9ative to an ,,ek =m4 ,en-lil-l consi/s ( ! god's "n1 ,en-lil 7see ,mu-ul-lil 9 ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #b74 #f4 sg-ga-zu-ne sg-ga-zu-ne ,:5 ?\ art full1 :5 ?\ art full1 sg-ga-zu-ne is a al-clause equal to ina malka1 89 ?y fulness04 sg3 ! sign to :i* ?is value is atta*$ is composite4 ,"o elem5t consi/s ( ,,si ^: *ief mean+ is 8fill04 ,! o!r elem5t consi/s ( ,a :i* means 8wat]04 ,,si4,a !n means 8full ( wat]01 or 8fulness04 ,! sign1 call$ ,,dirigu1 has two values end+ ) g2 i4 e41 dirig relat$ to ! sign-"n & sg :i* is q c]ta9ly equal to mal 7,br4 #cgbb74 ga is a phonetic complem5t 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #d74 zu is a det]m9ate suffix ( ! second p]son 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ba74 ne is a po/position equal to ina 7see ,br4 #dfjb1 also de 9 ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #f74 #g4 i-de a-a-zu i-de dimm] ,mu-ul-lil-ra e-ir-ma-al-la-zu-ne ,:5 be=e ?y fa!r1 be=e ,bl ?\ art sov]eign1 i-de 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #f74 i-de is a preposition us$ z a n\n 9 ! con/ruct /ate1 hav+ ! mean+ ( maru or pnu & equal to ina maar or ina pn4 a-a-zu equals n\n a-a1 plus suffix zu4 a-a 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #c74 zu 7see l9e #f74 dimm] ,mu-ul-lil-ra equals god's "n dimm] ,mu-ul-lil1 plus phonetic complem5t ra4 dimm] ,mu-ul-lil 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #b74 ra 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #c74 ,x might be bett] to reg>d lil-ra z a %ort5$ =m ( lil-l-ra4 lil is q apt to take ! phonetic complem5t l1 a value ( ! sign ,,lallu1 :ile ra is naturally a po/position4 e-ir-ma-al-la-zu-ne is a al-clause equal to 89 ?y sov]eignty04 e-ir-ma-al 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #a74 zu-ne 7see l9e #f74 #h4 a-a dimm] is-ki e-ir-ma-al-la-zu-ne gaba zi-ga-zu-ne ,o fa!r ,nann>1 :5 ?\ art sov]eign1 :5 ?\ lifte/ up ?y brea/1 a-a dimm] is-ki 7see l9e #b74 e-ir-ma-al-la-zu-ne 7see l9e #g74 gaba equals irtu1 8brea/01 7,br4 #ddgj74 ,we h _h gaba z an adjective equal to pit 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #f74 zi-ga-zu-ne is a al-clause mean+ 89 ?y lift+ up04 zi equals na1 8lift up01 7,br4 #bcbe74 ,we h _h zi z equal to knu1 8"r01 & napitu1 8life01 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9es #d & #be74 ga is a phonetic complem5t4 zi might be zig 7see ,br4 #bcjc & ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #d74 zu-ne 7see l9e #f74 ,9 gaba zi-ga-zu-ne1 p]haps we h ! picture ( ! full moon sudd5ly ris+ 9 ! night f ! horizon4 #i4 m-gur an-g-ga sg-ga e-ir-ma-al-la-zu-ne ,o %ip 9 ! mid/ ( ! heav5s1 :5 ?\ art full & sov]eign1 m-gur 7see l9e #a74 an-g-ga3 ,,gu is usually tak5 z a preposition & /&s be=e its object4 ,"h x seems to foll[ its object1 an 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ah74 g-ga equals ,,lib plus ,,ga4 g3 ,,gu1 equal to libbu1 may h ei!r "o ( ?ree values2 viz41 :5 n foll[$ by a phonetic complem5t1 g :5 foll[$ by ! phonetic complem5t ga & b :5 foll[$ by ! phonetic complem5t ba 7see ,br4 #gihj & ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #bb74 ga 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #d74 sg-ga 7see l9e #f74 e-ir-ma-al-la-zu-ne 7see l9e #g74 #aj4 a-a dimm] is-ki za-e azag- pa7d7-a-zu-ne ,o fa!r ,nann>1 ?\1 :5 ?\ speake/ to ! %9+ h\se1 a-a dimm] is-ki 7see l9e #b74 za-e 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #af74 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #af74 is admitt$ly a ,sum]ian value z is %[n by its relation to ! sign-"n ,u4 is ! full] =m ( 7,,bit74 ,f !re has aris5 a ,semitic loan-^w eu1 8h\se04 azag- means 8to ! %9+01 azag 7see l9e #a74 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ae74 pa7d7-a-zu-ne is a al-clause compos$ ( a preposition ) an inf9itive t gov]ns a suffix1 z ina tamka1 89 ?y speak+01 i4 e41 8:5 ?\ speake/04 pad is a v]b equal to tam1 8speak04 pad also equals zakru1 8to "n04 pa1 ! %ort5$ =m ( pad1 evid5tly int5d$ "h1 is sometimes repres5t$ by ! ,assyrian nab4 a is ! v[el ( prolongation indicat+ ! pa1 r ?an ! pad-value4 zu-ne 7see l9e #f74 #aa4 a-a dimm] is-ki m-dim g sg-ga-zu-ne ,o fa!r ,nann>1 :5 l a %ip on ! tide ?\ art full1 a-a dimm] is-ki 7see l9e #b74 m-dim consi/s ( n\n m & po/position dim4 m 7see on l9e #a74 m-gur ref]s to ! moon1 m ref]s to an ord9>y %ip4 dim is equal to kma1 8l04 ,! sign-"n is ,,dimmu4 dim is ,,es4 ,! ,,ek =m ( ! value is gim4 g is a contraction ( a1 g & a f ! signs ,a1 ,,mi & ,a1 & means 8tide01 or 8high wat]04 a means 8wat]0 & ,,mi ) ! value g means 8black01 & ! second ,a is evid5tly phonetic only4 g1 !re=e1 means 8black wat]01 su* wat] z is se5 9 a 8flood0 or 8high tide04 sg-ga-zu-ne 7see l9e #f74 #ab4 sg-ga-zu-ne sg-ga-zu-ne za-e sg-ga-zu-ne ,:5 ?\ art full1 :5 ?\ art full1 ?\1 :5 ?\ art full1 sg-ga-zu-ne 7see l9e #f74 za-e 7see l9e #aj74 ,x may be notic$ t sg-ga-zu-ne occurs ?ree times 9 ?is l9e & t5 times 9 ! section1 l9es #f-ah4 ,?is repetition no d\bt s]ves = rhetorical effect1 especially 9 oral deliv]y &1 toge!r ) ! m>k$ uni=mity ( measure 9 ! clauses1 *>act]izes ! passage z poetic4 #ac4 sg-ga-zu-ne bi-ag-a-zu-ne za-e sg-ga-zu-ne ,:5 ?\ art full1 :5 ?\ speake/ favorably1 ?\1 :5 ?\ art full1 sg-ga-zu-ne 7see l9e #f74 bi-ag-a-zu-ne is a al-clause equal to 89 ?y speak+ graci\sly04 bi equals ib1 8speak01 7,br4 #eabd74 ,/>t+ ) ! mean+ 8speak0 ! sign ,k,u comes to h a demon/rative =ce & is g5]ally us$ z a suffix ( ! ?ird p]son s+ul>4 ,we %all also see t x sometimes equals ik>u 8/rong dr9k04 ag3 ! sign giv+ ?is value is "o n mu* us$4 ,x may be id5tifi$ z ,,gi,,imm> 7see ,,al4 p4 #acj1 ,no4 #bjf1 also ,br4 #gbhf74 ag is ! *ief value1 equal to damu or damu1 8graci\s04 a3 ! value is g5]ally foll[$ by ! phonetic complem5t ga1 b "h x is foll[$ by a 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #i74 zu-ne 7see l9e #f74 #ad4 bi-ag-a r-ti-a-zu-ne za-e sg-ga-zu-ne ,:5 ?\ speake/ graci\sly & eng5d]e/ life1 ?\1 :5 ?\ art full1 bi-ag-a 7see l9e #ac74 r-ti-a-zu-ne is a al-clause equal to 89 ?y eng5d]+ life04 r3 we h _h ,,ul already z a composite "p ( ,mu-ul-lil 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #b74 ,,ul "h probably ) ! value r equals kallu1 8p]fect04 ,! sign is int5d$ to be ! picture ( a gor+ bull2 !n1 z we get away f ! prim>y idea1 !re arise ! mean+s ( 8exultation01 8p]fection01 etc4 ,nann> is 8! p]fect] ( life04 ti 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #af74 a 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #i74 zu-ne 7see l9e #f74 za-e 7see l9e #aj74 sg-ga-zu-ne 7see l9e #f74 #ae4 a-a dimm] is-ki lid damal lid-ne-ra sal-dug-ga-zu-ne ,o fa!r ,nann> ( ext5sive prog5y1 :5 ?\ speake/ to t prog5y1 a-a dimm] is-ki 7see on l9e #b74 lid may be ( ,semitic orig9 f ! ,assyrian ^w littu1 8prog5y04 ,! two horizontal l9es 9 ! sign sugge/ ! idea ( 8pair+01 f :i* comes ! idea ( 8prog5y0 7?us1 ,pr9ce1 ,,msl41 p4 #bbc74 damal 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #aj74 lid-ne-ra equals 8to t prog5y04 ne equals ann1 a demon/rative pron\n 8?is04 ne is cognate ) de :i* is also cognate ) da & ta us$ z po/positions 7see de & da 9 ,hymn to ,bl1 l9es #f & #d74 ra is a po/position 8unto0 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #c74 sal-dug-ga-zu-ne is a al-clause3 89 ?y speak+04 sal is a prefix ( an ab/ract "*4 ,x is equival5t to ! ,assyrian z9nitu1 8fem99e04 ,x is a c\nt]p>t to ku 9 ! expressions ,eme-sal & ,eme-ku1 ku be+ equal to blu1 8"l04 ,z a prefix1 sal g5]alizes ! root-idea ( ! /em to :i* x is atta*$ & is consequ5tly an ab/ract prefix 7see ,br4 #ajicj1 #ajidi & #ajiee74 dug-ga 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #d74 zu-ne 7see l9e #f74 #af4 a-a-zu ide l-la mu-e-i-9-ma sal-zi ma-ra ni-9-g ,?y fa!r disc]ns ! joyful face & speaks life to ! l&4 a-a-zu 7see on l9e #g74 ide equals pnu1 8face01 7,br4 #ibha74 ,! sign ,,ig c be read ei!r ide1 :i* is ,,es1 or ige1 :i* is ,,ek4 l-la equals n\n l1 plus phonetic complem5t la4 l equals ad1 8joy0 7,br4 #ajhhd74 ,! sign giv+ ?is value is n to be conf\nd$ ) ano!r sign :i* also has ! value ul mean+ 8evil01 express$ by limuttu 7,br4 #iejc74 mu-e-i-9-ma is a v]b consi/+ ( v]bal prefix mu1 v]bal infixes e & i-9 & root ma4 mu 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9es #a & #ah74 e 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ah74 i-93 an objective v]bal infix naturally has its p]son det]m9$ by ! object to :i* x ref]s4 ,t object 9 ?is case seems to be ide l-la1 8! joyful face0 ( ! moon4 ma3 ! sign has two names1 ,b,,ru & ,m,u1 & two *ief values relat$ to ^! names1 b> & ma4 b> & ma are cognate =ms4 b *anges to m 7,,msl4 p4 ,x72 r *anges to 7,,msl4 p4 ,,xii74 ,! sign has two *ief mean+s1 8side0 & 8cut04 ,! mean+ ( 8side0 is repres5t$ by b> 7see ,,msl4 p4 #bcd71 :ile ! mean+ ( 8cut01 f :i* we get ! idea ( 8di/+ui%0 is g5]ally repres5t$ by ! value ma 7,br4 #agce74 sal-zi consi/s ( ab/ract prefix sal & n\n zi4 sal 7see on l9e #ae74 zi 7see on l9e #h74 ma-ra equals 8unto ! l&04 ma 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #h74 ra 7see l9e #ae74 ni-9-g3 ni c be a v]bal prefix & 9 a v]bal infix1 or ni-9 c be a v]bal infix ) ! v]bal prefix omitt$1 g be+ ! v]bal root4 ni1 if tak5 z a prefix1 naturally ref]s to a-a-zu4 ni may h a demon/rative =ce1 equal to uatu1 l ne4 9 z an infix ref]s to ma-ra4 g1 a %ort5$ =m ( gug1 equal ei!r b1 8speak01 or aplu1 8answ]04 g & gug h dialectic =ms du & dug1 ! g *ang+ to d :i* ,,es pref]s4 ,! sign is app>5tly a modification ( ! sign ,,sangu 7see ,,al4 p4 #aba1 ,no4 #ad1 & p4 #abd1 ,no4 #hg74 ,! prim>y mean+ 0 8op5+0 & ! lead+ value is ka equal to p1 8m\?04 ,! values ka & g come f ! sign-"n ,k,,gu 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9es #a & #d74 ,) ! value ! sign means 8^w04 #ag4 e i-i lugal-ra -de-e e mu-un- ,z an exalt$ royal comm&1 daily he causes ! ^w to g =?6 e 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ad74 i-i3 i is ! *ief value ( ,,gi4 ,! sign ) its five p>allel l9es or w$ges repres5t+ ! five f+]s ( ! h& is a symbol ( p[]4 ,f ! idea ( 8p[]01 we get t ( 8exaltation0 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #f74 lugal-ra consi/s ( /em lugal & po/position ra lugal3 ! sign is composite1 ! elem5ts be+ ,,gal & ,,lu :i* mean 8great0 & 8man04 lugal equals arru 7,br4 #dbff74 ,we %all h ! elem5t ,,lu ) ! ,,es value mulu4 ra 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9es #c & #h74 ,we might expect la "h4 -de-e consi/s ( root 1 phonetic complem5t de & adv]bial end+ e4 equals mu1 8day01 7,br4 #ggig71 & is a %ort5$ =m ( ud4 de is phonetic "h4 ,! m usual phonetic complem5t ( ud is da 7see ,br4 #gggd74 e 7see ,br4 #ajjja74 e z an adv]bial end+ is probably d]iv$ f ! ,semitic adv]bial end+ -i :i* is suppos$ to h gr[n out ( ! ,assyrian suffix ( ! ?ird p]son u4 ,agglut9ative languages d n (t5 possess special adv]bial end+s4 mu-un- consi/s ( v]bal prefix mu-un & v]bal root 4 mu-un is phonetic = mun :i* is simply a nasaliz$ mu 7see ,,msl4 p4 ,,xxviii1 & ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #a74 ,on 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ae74 #ah4 dimm] ,mu-ul-lil-li mu-du-ru -sud-du -za ma-ra ni-9-r ,bl ) ! sceptre ( di/ant days exalts ?y h& ov] ! l&4 dimm] ,mu-ul-lil-li 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #bc74 mu-du-ru3 !re is a sign ,,mudru 7,br4 #ajggf7 :i* may be relat$ to ,,pa4 ,we may inf] a relation betwe5 ,,mudru & ,,pa1 because ! two signs h a common value sig4 ,we "k also t ,,mu4,,du4,,ru sometimes /&s = ,,pa 7,br4 #abge74 ,n[ if ,,mu4,,du4,,ru c /& = ,,pa x mu/ h "s mean+ 9 common ) ,,pa4 ,! mo/ usual mean+ ( ,,pa is au1 8sceptre01 :i* gives good s5se "h4 mu 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #a74 du 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ae74 -sud-du consi/s ( n\n 1 adjective sud1 & phonetic complem5t du4 7see l9e #ag74 sud equals ru1 8di/ant0 7,br4 #gfjc74 du 7see g91 l9e #bc71 phonetic complem5t "h4 -za equals n\n & suffix za4 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #be74 za is a suffix ( ! second p]son s+ul> mascul9e 7,br4 #aagbb74 ,we h _h za-e z be+ equal to 8?\0 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #af74 zu we h f\nd to be ! m usual suffix ( ! second p]son 7see on l9e #f74 za is dialectic = zu4 ma-ra 7see on l9e #af74 ni-9-r consi/s ( prefix ni1 infix 9 & v]bal root r4 ni-9 7see on l9e #af74 r 7see on l9e #ad74 #ai4 is-unu-ki-ma m-gur azag-ga pa7d7-a-zu-ne ,:5 9 ,ur1 ,o %9+ %ip1 ?\ speake/1 is-unu-ki-ma 7see on l9e #b74 m-gur 7see on l9e #a74 azag-ga equals adjective azag1 plus phonetic complem5t ga4 azag 7see on l9e #a74 ga 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #d74 pa7d7-a-zu-ne 7see on l9e #aj74 #bj4 444 dimm] ,nu-dim-mud-e sal-dug-ga-zu-ne ,:5 to 444 ,ea ?\ speake/1 dimm] ,nu-dim-mud-e3 we h "h a comp\nd ideogram z a "n ( ! god ,ea4 dimm] is det]m9ative be=e ! "n ( a god 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #b74 ,nu-dim-mud equals ! ,assyrian ,e-a 7,br4 #bjaf74 ,! usual ,sum]ian ideogram is ,,en4,,ki4 e 9 ,nu-dim-mud-e a v[el ( prolongation 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #c74 sal-dug-ga-zu-ne 7see l9e #ae74 #ba4 444444444 pa7d7-a-zu-ne ,:5 44444 ?\ speake/1 pa7d7-a-zu-ne 7see l9e #aj74 ,rev]se #bb4 4444444444444 #bc4 444444 la a im-si 4444444 ) wat] is fill$ a equals m1 8wat]0 7,br4 #aacdg74 8,wat]0 is a prim>y mean+ ( ! sign ,u1 :i* at fir/ consi/$ ( two %ort p]p5dicul> l9es repres5t+ 8fall+ wat]0 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #c74 im-si consi/s ( indet]m9ate v]bal prefix im & v]bal root si4 im 7,br4 p4 #ede74 si 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #bb74 #bd4 44444444 gi a im-si 44444 ) wat] is fill$4 a im-si 7see l9e #bc74 #be4 d 444444 e a im-si dimm] is-ki-kam ,! riv] 4444 is fill$ ) wat] by ,nann>4 d equals nru1 8riv]04 ,sometimes d is %ort5$ to i 7,br4 #aafdg74 ,! value d comes f ! union ( two signs ,a 8wat]0 & 7,br4 #ajbag74 ,moreov]1 ) ! value equals aps1 8sea04 ,! sign1 expla9$ m m9utely1 consi/s ( ,,al 8run0 inside ( ,,kil 8enclosure04 ,s ,,al ,,kil runn+1 8fl[+ )9 an enclosure01 h5ce 8sea04 ,:ile d means prim>ily 8wat] ( ! sea01 x is mu* us$ also z a det]m9ative be=e names ( riv]s4 ,we h ! "n ( ! ,euphrates 9 ! next l9e4 ,p]haps ! "n ( ! ,tigris 0 giv5 9 "s "o ( ! l9es4 ,! common ,sum]ian ideogram = ! "n ( ! ,tigris is al-al1 an int5sifi$ =m ( al1 :i* means 8runn+0 or 8ru%+04 ,! ,tigris is ?us v appropriately call$ 8! ru%+ riv]04 ,! ,babylonian ,diglat 9 ! h&s ( ! ,p]sians took ! =m ,tigra4 #bf4 azag-gi d ud-kib-nun-na-ge a im-si dimm] is-ki-kam ,! bright ,euphrates is fill$ ) wat] by ,nann>4 azag-gi equals ellu1 8%9+0 7,br4 #iija74 azag 7see l9e #ai74 gi is a phonetic complem5t1 *os5 no d\bt ) a view to v[el h>mony z reg>ds ! foll[+ d 7874 ,,gi z an ideogram means 8re$0 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #bd1 gn74 d ud-kib-nun-na-ge means ! riv] ( ,sipp>4 ,= d1 see on l9e #be4 ud-kib-nun consi/s ( ud 8sun0 kib 8fl\ri%1 g5]ate01 & nun 8great04 ,! sign ,,kib sugge/s ! idea 8d\ble0 & h5ce1 ( c\rse1 8g5]ate1 beget0 7,,msl4 p4 #bjc74 ,nun1 ( c\rse1 rab 8great0 7,br4 #bfbh71 :ile na mu/ be ! phonetic complem5t & ge ! nota g5itivi z us$ 9 ! next ,hymn4 ,! =m ud-kib-nun !n seems to mean 8! great 7nun7 g5]ative =ce 7kib7 ( ! sun0 7ud72 a "n appli$ to ,sipp> _h be5 f "t immemorial ! seat ( ! wor%ip ( ! sun-god ama 7,,rba41 pp4 #fi1 #aag74 d-ud-kib-nun-na-ge !n simply means 8! riv] 7d7 ( 7ge7 ,sipp>01 viz41 ! ,euphrates1 :i* 0 usually t]m$ 9 ,sum]ian ,bura-nunu 8! great /ream0 7,,msl4 p4 #g1 ,c74 a im-si 7see on l9e #bc74 #bg4 d nu e-bi l-e a im-si dimm] is-ki-kam ,! empty riv] is fill$ ) wat] by ,nann>4 d 7see on l9e #be74 nu1 regul> ,sum]ian negative adv]b1 equal to ! ,assyrian la4 e-bi equals n\n e & suffix bi4 e equals m1 8wat]0 7,br4 #ehdd74 ,we h also _h e equal to ab1 8spee*0 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ad74 bi is a suffix ( ! ?ird p]son s+ul> 7see ,br4 #eace74 bi gets its demon/rative nature f ! conception 8speak0 :i* seems to be ! prim>y "o 9 ! old ,babylonian l9e> hi]oglyph4 l-e consi/s ( root l & vocalic prolongation e4 l equals mis 8wa%0 7,br4 #fafg74 ,x is us$ ( wa%+ ! h&s & feet4 ,x gets ! idea 8wa%0 f ! idea 8s]vant0 :o does ! wa%+1 b x may h meant 8s]vant0 be=e x meant 8wa%04 ,x (t5 has ! phonetic complem5t a or i4 ,lit]ally ! clause read3 8! riv] ^: wat] wa%es n04 a im-si 7see on l9e #bc74 dimm] is-ki-kam equals god-"n dimm] is-ki plus kam ,,kammu )\t d\bt 7see ,,ct4 ,,xv1 ,colophon ( ,tablet #bifbc1 plate #ab74 kam is a well recogniz$ det]m9ative us$ aft] ord9al num]als4 ,x no d\bt occupies ?is position z a g5itive p>ticle1 b1 z a g5itive sign1 x may be us$ aft] words o!r ?an num]als2 &1 9 fact1 is s us$ 9 ,gudea4 ,x is evid5tly a l5g!n$ =m ( ! po/position ka2 be+ ka plus am 7see ,,sva4 p4 #fj74 #bh4 sug ma sug ban-da a im-si dimm] is-ki-kam ,! great m>%1 ! little m>% is fill$ ) wat] by ,nann>4 ,! sign looks l ,m b p]haps ! copyi/ made a mi/ake4 ma 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #bc74 sug equals u1 8m>%04 ,! sign is ! enclosure-sign ,,kil ) ! 8wat]0 sign ,u )9 ! 8enclosure0 sign4 ban-da3 ! signs are ,,dumu & ,,daddu4 ,,dumu has sev]al values1 ! *ief ( :i* are dumu1 tur & ban4 dumu equals mru1 8son04 ,we h met ! value dumu or its dialectic equival5t umu1 repres5t$ by ,u & ,,mu 7see on l9e #e74 tur equals iru1 8small01 & is naturally foll[$ by ! phonetic complem5t ra4 lan-da also equals iru 8little0 7,br4 #dacc74 a im-si 7see on l9e #bc74 dimm] is-ki-kam 7see l9e #bg74 #bi4 r lim-ma dimm] ,en-zu ,p5it5tial ,psalm to ,s94 r-lim-ma 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #bg74 dimm] ,en-zu 8"l ( wisdom0 is ! o!r "n by :i* ,s9 is kn[n 9 ,sum]ian4 ,we h _h "o "n above2 viz41 dimm] is-ki4 dimm] ,en-zu is no d\bt 9 g5itive relation to ! prec$+ "p ( ! l9e1 al?\gh ! nota g5itivi is lack+4 ,9 ano!r hymn to ,bl 7,,ct4 ,,xv1 ,tablet #bifdd1 plate #ab71 ! g5itive relation is signifi$ by ! po/position kam4 ,! words are3 r-lim-ma d+ir ,en-lil-l-kam4 ,*apt] ,,iii ,tablet #bifca1 ,plates #ae & #af1 ,hymn ,to ,adad ,obv]se #a4 ad-7,,ud4,,du7-a mu-zu an-zak-ku ,9 ! lightn+ fla% ?\ proclaime/ ?y "n4 #b4 dimm] ,m]7,,im7 bi-ma ad-7,,ud4,,du7-a mu-zu an-zak-ku ,o ,adad1 9 ! mighty ?und] ! lightn+ fla% ?\ decl>e/ ?y "n4 #c4 dimm] ,m]7,,im7 dumu ,an-na bi-ma ad-7,,ud4,,du7-a mu-zu an-zak-ku ,o ,adad1 son ( ,anu1 9 ! mighty ?und] & ! lightn+ fla% ?\ decl>e/ ?y "n4 #d4 -mu-un n7,,im7-ki-ge7,,kit7 bi-ma ad-7,,ud4,,du7-a mu-zu an-zak-ku ,o "l1 dread ( e>?1 9 ! mighty ?und] & ! lightn+ fla% ?\ decl>e/ ?y "n4 #e4 dimm] ,m]7,,im7 -mu-un ib7,,tum7-mal7,,ig7-la bi-ma ad-7,,ud4,,du7-a mu-zu an-zak-ku ,o ,adad1 "l ( great wra?1 9 ! mighty ?und] & ! lightn+ fla% ?\ decl>e/ ?y "n4 #f4 b>7ma87-tab-ba -mu-un dimm] ama-an-ki-ga bi-ma ad-7,,ud4,,du7-a mu-zu an-zak-ku ,o tw91 "l1 bull-god ( heav5 & e>?1 9 ! mighty ?und] & ! lightn+ fla% ?\ decl>e/ ?y "n4 #g4 a-a dimm] ,m]7,,im7 -mu-un ud-da b>-ru-a mu-zu an-zak-ku ,o fa!r ,adad1 "l1 :5 ! light is d>k5$ ?\ decl>e/ ?y "n4 #h4 a-a dimm] ,m]7,,im7 7,,ud7-gal-la b>-ru-a mu-zu an-zak-ku ,o fa!r ,adad1 :5 ! great day is d>k5$ ?\ decl>e/ ?y "n4 #i4 a-a dimm] ,m]7,,im7 uku7,,ug7-gal-la b>-ru-a mu-zu an-zak-ku ,o fa!r ,adad1 :5 ! great k+ is cut (f ?\ decl>e/ ?y "n4 #aj4 dimm] ,m]7,,im7 uku7,,ug7 ,an-na bi-ma ad-7,,ud4,,du7-a mu-zu an-zak-ku ,o ,adad1 k+ ( ,anu1 9 ! mighty ?und] & ! lightn+ fla% ?\ decl>e/ ?y "n4 #aa4 mu-zu kalam7,,un7-ma mu-un-r7,,ul7-r7,,ul7-r7,,ul7 ,?y "n is mightily magnific5t 9 ! e>?4 #ab4 me-lam7,,ne7-zu kalam7,,un7-ma tug7,,ku7-gim im-mi-9-dul ,?y brightness cov]s ! l& l a g>m5t4 #ac4 za ad7,,pa7 aka7,,ram7-zu-7,,ku7 kur-gal a-a dimm] ,mu-ul-lil sag im-da-sig7,,pa7-gi ,! lightn+ ( ?y ?und] smites ! head ( ! great m\nta91 fa!r ,bl4 #ad4 ura7,,ar4,,du7-zu ma7,,dagal7 gal dimm] ,n9-lil ba-e-di-u-l-e ,?y ?und] t]rifies ! great "m ,belit4 #ae4 d+ir ,en-lil-li dumu-ni dimm] ,m]7,,im7-ra 7,,id7 mu-un-da-an-aka7,,ram7 ,bl to 8 son ,adad measures out p[]4 #af4 mulu dumu-mu 7,,ud7 um-me-i-si-si 7,,ud7 um-me-i-l-l ,?\ :o art my son1 ! day ?\ did/ lift up ! eye1 ! day ?\ did/ look6 #ag4 dimm] ,m]7,,im7-ri 7,,ud7 um-me-i-si-si 7,,ud7 um-me-i-l-l ,o ,adad1 ! day ?\ did/ lift up ! eye1 ! day ?\ did/ look6 #ah4 7,,ud7 im9na-bi-me ba-gan-tal7,,ri7-l 7,,ud7 um-me-i-l-l ,dur+ sev5 days ?\ did/ bl[ a full bla/ :5 ?\ did/ look4 #ai4 7,,ud7 7,,ka7 di-zu-ka r7,,gud7-a-ra ab-ba 7,,ud7 um-me-i-l-l ,x 0 ! day ( ! ^w ( ! ^w ( ?y judgm5t1 ,o bull-god ( ! abyss1 ! day ?\ did/ look4 #bj4 nim-gir lu su-i-7,,ku7 mu-ra-du-ud ,z ! lightn+1 ! mess5g] ( t]ror1 ?\ did/ g4 #ba4 mulu dumu-mu r7,,ul7 g97,,du7-na-g97,,du7-na a-ba zi-gi-en te-ga7,,ba7 ,:5 ?\ :o art my son goe/ viol5tly ab\t1 :o c attack l !e6 ,rev]se #bb4 ki bala ul gg a-a mu-zu-7,,ku7 a-ba za-e-gim te-ga7,,ba7 ,! tr\blesome evil ho/ile l&1 ,o fa!r1 :i* is aga9/ !e2 :o l !e c attack6 #bc4 n7,,da7 imi tur-tur-e -um-me-ti a-ba za-e-gim te-ga7,,ba7 ,! little /one ( ! /orm d ?\ take6 ,:o c attack l !e6 #bd4 n7,,da7 gal-gal-e -um-me-ti a-ba za-e-gim te-ga7,,ba7 ,! l>ge /one d ?\ take6 ,:o c attack l !e6 #be4 n7,,da7 tur-tur-zu n7,,da7 gal-gal-zu mu-ba -me-m7,a4,,an7 ,?y little /one1 ?y l>ge /one1 on x 7! l&7 x lie?6 #bf4 ki-bala-a zi-da-zu -mu-e-gul da bur7,,bu7 su -mu-e-se ,! ho/ile l& ?y "r h& de/roys4 ,x gives p[]ful bodily de/ruction 787 #bg4 dimm] ,m]7,,im7-ri dug7,,ka7-dug7,,ka7-ga a-a mu-na-7,,ku7 ge7,,iz7-ni ba-i-9-ag ,adad1 :5 he speaks 7to "o71 ,o fa!r1 on him he imposes 8 gov]nm5t4 #bh4 a-a dimm] ,m]7,,im7 7,,bit7-ta 7,,ud4,,du7-a-ni 7,,ud7 7,,ka7 di na-nam ,fa!r ,adad1 :5 he comes out ( ! h\se1 he fixes ! day ( judgm5t4 #bi4 7,,bit7-ta eri-ta 7,,ud4,,du7-a-ni uku7,,ug7 ban7,,tur7-da na-nam ,:5 he comes out ( ! h\se or out ( ! city1 he fixes ! great day4 #cj4 eri-ta an-na-ta g>77-ra-ni 7,,ud7 7,,ka7-ar-ra na-nam ,:5 he e/abli%es himself out ( ! city out ( heav51 he fixes ! day ( curse4 #ca4 444 r7,a4,i7 lim7,,lib7-ma dimm] ,m]7,,im7 44444 ,hymn to ,adad4 ,?is hymn we f9d to be full ( action4 ,! lightn+ fla%es 9 ! fir/ l9e1 & we see at lea/ ?ree di/9ct k9ds ( /orm plac$ on ! sc5e1 "o succe$+ ! o!r4 ,! ?und] /orm fir/ passes ov] our head4 ,we see ! lightn+1 we he> ! ro> ( ! ?und]1 ! e>? is plac$ 9 fe>1 ! day turns d>k1 ! top ( ! m\nta9 is smitt51 ! v gods !mselves are t]rifi$4 ,secondly comes ! flood4 ,! /orm ( ! h\r is l5g!n$ into "o ( days4 ,x becomes a deluge ( judgm5t on ! e>?4 ,! words say sev5 days1 b 9 su* poetic disc\rse sev5 might p]haps simply mean 8_m04 ,f9ally1 !re is a decid$ *ange 9 ! sc5e4 ,! flood has pass$ away4 ,! dea?-de/roy+ hail-/orm falls ^u u1 n simply ! little hail-/ones1 b ! great hail-/ones4 ,! day1 ( c\rse1 has come4 ,b ! effects ( ,adad's p[] s arti/ically set =? 9 ?is hymn are second>y1 z plac$ beside ! dignity ( ! god himself4 ,! ^w ( ,adad is absolute & all-p[]ful4 ,he is a god ( great wra?4 ,he is a real bull-god1 ( heav5 & e>?4 ,he c put ! heav5s out ( sight4 ,he c make day z black z ! d>ke/ night4 ,he c split ! e>? ) 8 lightn+4 ,he c flood ! l& ) wat]4 ,he c pelt its inhabitants ) /ones4 ,yet 9 all ?is he consults ) fa!r ,bl4 ,obv]se #a4 ad--a mu-zu an-zak-ku ,9 ! lightn+ fla% ?\ proclaime/ ?y "n6 ad--a is a al-clause1 consi/+ ( n\n ad1 p>ticiple & po/position a1 & means 89 ! go+ out ( ! sceptre01 or freely1 89 ! lightn+ fla%04 ,! apodosis is mu-zu an-zak-ku4 ad 7,,pa7 equals au1 8sceptre0 7,br4 #eegc74 ,! value ad may be ( ,semitic orig91 b note t its cognate ud is equal to namru1 8brightness0 7,br4 #eehb71 z is also kun1 ano!r value ( ,,pa 8/aff02 !n ,,pa 8a light$ tor*04 we h _h z equal to a 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ae74 is also equal to p1 8fla%+0 7,br4 #efch74 a equals ina1 890 7,br4 #aacfe74 mu-zu means 8?y "n04 mu equals umu1 8"n0 7,br4 #abce74 an-zak-ku is a v]b4 an is an indet]m9ate v]bal prefix4 ,! context %[s x to be ( ! second p]son 7see ,,msl4 p4 ,,xxvi74 zak-ku may mean 8utt] a decree0 7,br4 #feai74 ,= example1 zak equals tamtu1 8a decree0 7,br4 #fdic74 ,p]haps x c\ld z well be a v]b signify+ 8to decree01 or 8to e/abli%04 ku also equals tam1 8utt]0 7,br4 #ajeee71 b x w\ld be simpl] to make ku a phonetic complem5t to zak4 ,x may be t we ought to read ! clause3 8?y "n utt]s ! decree04 ,b 8?y "n0 has ! usual position ( ! object4 ,x is also r awkw>d to reg>d zak z an object plac$ betwe5 ! v]bal prefix & ! v]b4 #b4 dimm] ,m] bi-ma ad--a mu-zu an-zak-ku ,o ,adad1 9 ! mighty ?und] & ! lightn+ fla% ?\ decl>e/ ?y "n4 dimm] ,m]3 ?is is ! ,sum]ian "n ( ! /orm-god4 ,m] be+ "o ( ! values ( ! sign ,,immu4 ,! fact t ! sign 9 "s cases 9 ?is hymn 7e4 g4 l9es #ae & #ag7 is foll[$ by ! phonetic complem5t ri or ra %[s t ,m] is ! value int5d$ = ! "n ( ! god4 ,m] is probably f imi *ang$ to imm] & !n to ,m] & h5ce1 l imi1 means 8w9d0 & 8/orm04 ,! "n ,m] (f]s no sugge/ion z to ! orig9 ( ! ,semitic names ,rammnu & ,addu4 bi-ma equals 8mighty utt]ance04 bi 7see ,hymn to ,s91 l9e #ac74 ma 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #bc74 ad--a mu-zu an-zak-ku 7see on l9e #a74 #c4 dimm] ,m] dumu ,an-na bi-ma ad--a mu-zu an-sak-ku ,o ,adad1 son ( ,anu1 9 ! mighty ?und] & ! lightn+ fla% ?\ decl>e/ ?y "n4 dumu 7see ,hymn to ,s91 l9e #e1 u-mu74 ,an-na1 ideogram = ! god ( heav51 plus phonetic complem5t4 ,note t ,,an = ! god ,anu does n take ! det]m9ative god sign4 ,probably ! omission is due to ! desire to avoid ! occurr5ce ( ,,an twice 9 succession4 ,x mu/ h be5 aft] ,adad _h tak5 ! place ( ,it> 9 ! second triad ( gods t ,adad 0 call$ ! son ( ,anu4 ,! e>li] arrangem5t 0 ,anu1 ,bl1 ,ea1 ,s91 ama & ,it>4 ,! lat] ord] 0 ,anu1 ,bl & ,ea1 z rul]s ( ! univ]se1 & ,s91 ama & ,adad1 z rul]s ( heav5 "u ! comm& ( ,anu4 ,?is new gr\p+ 0 ! result ( a !ological developm5t4 ,it> 0 f\nd to be "o ( ! planets1 &1 !re=e1 n to be class$ long] along ) ,s9 & ama4 ,adad1 ! god ( ! atmosph]e1 0 ?\ght to be a p]sonality ( suffici5t dignity to take ! place =m]ly occupi$ by ,it>4 bi-ma ad--a mu-zu an-zak-ku 7see on l9es #a & #b74 #d4 -mu-un n-ki-ge bi-ma ad--a mu-zu an-zak-ku ,o "l1 dread ( e>?1 9 ! mighty ?und] & ! lightn+ fla% ?\ decl>e/ ?y "n4 -mu-un 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #a74 n-ki-ge3 n is a value ( ,,immu equal to pulutu1 8fe>0 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ah74 ki equals iritu1 8e>?0 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #i74 ge is a po/positive sign ( ! g5itive 7see ,br4 #eice47 bi-ma ad--a mu-zu an-zak-ku 7see l9es #a & #b74 #e4 dimm] ,m] -mu-un ib-mal-la bi-ma ad--a mu-zu an-zak-ku ,o ,adad1 "l ( great wra?1 9 ! mighty ?und] & & ! lightn+ fla% ?\ decl>e/ ?y "n4 ib-mal-la3 ib is a value ( ,,tum equal to aggu1 8ang]0 7,br4 #died74 mal is a value ( ,i,u :i* is dialectic = ,,pisannu & also = ,,ma4,,al 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9es #a & #ah1 & ,hymn to ,s91 l9e #b74 b-mal 8wra?ful0 7,br4 #bbdb74 bi-ma ad--a mu-zu an-zak-ku 7see on l9es #a & #b74 #f4 tab-tab-ba -mu-un dimm] ama-an-ki-ga bi-ma ad--a mu-zu an-zak-ku ,o tw91 "l1 bull-god ( heav5 & e>?1 9 ! mighty ?und] & ! lightn+ fla% ?\ decl>e/ ?y "n4 b>-tab-ba equals tu'mu1 8tw90 7,br4 #ahif74 ma equals tu'mu 7,br4 #ahaa71 :ile ! cognate b> equals tapp1 8companion0 7,br4 #ahjg74 ma1 :i* repres5ts ! idea 8cut01 is m primitive ?an b> :i* repres5ts ! idea 8side04 ma is also equal to mu1 8tw901 a ,sum]ian loan-^w 9 ,assyrian4 tab equals tapp 7,br4 #cgge74 tab may h be5 ins]t$1 t b> 8companion0 %\ld be tak5 r ?an ! n>r[] ^w 8tw90 7,hymn to ,s91 l9e #af74 ba is a phonetic complem5t 7,br4 #ajb & ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #be74 ,adad is call$ 8tw90 or 8companion01 because he possess$ a composite nature1 compris+ 9 himself ! elem5ts ( sev]al gods4 ,! manife/ations ( p[] se5 9 w9d & ra9 & 9 lightn+ & ?und]1 w\ld logically lead to ! conclusion t 8 nature 0 divid$1 or t he br\ght to 8 aid sev]al gods end[$ ) p[]s suit$ to diff]5t k9ds ( ef=t4 ,! gods t aid$ ,adad 7 sometimes look$ ^u z birds1 "o ( :om 0 ! god ,z1 :o presid$ ov] ! tempe/4 ,z's "m 0 ,siris1 lady ( ! ra9 & cl\ds4 ,!n !re 0 ,m>tu1 ! "l ( ! squall1 & ,b>u1 ! g5ius ( ! lightn+4 ,! son ( ,z 0 a /rong bull :o pa/ur$ 9 ! mead[s1 br++ abundance & f]tility4 ,!re 0 also tu1 ! s\? w9d4 ,he1 no d\bt1 0 an ag5t ( ,adad's4 ,!re is ano!r way 9 :i* ,adad may be look$ ^u z tw9-l 9 8 nature4 ,he c\ld pass sudd5ly f ! fi]ce/ ang] to g5tle/ k9dness4 ,he 0 repres5t$ 9 sculpture z c>ry+ a battle-axe4 ,k+s invok$ 8 aid aga9/ _! enemies4 ,9 8 passionate rage he de/roy$ ev]y?+ be=e him4 ,:5 8 wra? 0 appeas$1 h[ev]1 !re might come ! g5tle breeze & ! refre%+ %[]4 ,! fields :i* he _h deva/at$ he also caus$ to blossom & produce fruit & gra94 dimm] 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #b74 ama-an-ki-ga3 ama equals rmu1 8bull0 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9es #g & #i74 an 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ah74 ki 7see on l9e #d74 ga seems to be a po/position 7see ,,msl4 p4 ,,xvi74 ga might p]haps be equal to ba1 8be+0 7,br4 #faji74 bi-ma ad-e-a mu-zu an-zak-ku 7see on l9es #a & #b74 #g4 a-a dimm] ,m] -mu-un ud-da b>-ru-a mu-zu an-zak-ku ,o fa!r ,adad1 "l1 :5 ! light is d>k5$1 ?\ decl>e/ ?y "n4 a-a 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #c74 ud-da3 ud equals urru1 8light0 7,br4 #ggih1 also ,hymn to ,s91 l9e #ag74 da is a phonetic complem5t 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #af74 mu-zu an-zak-ku 7see on l9e #a74 #h4 a-a dimm] ,m] -gal-la b>-ru-a mu-zu an-zak-ku ,o fa!r ,adad1 :5 ! great day is d>k5$1 ?\ decl>e/ ?y "n4 -gal-la3 7see ,hymn to ,s91 l9e #ag74 gal-la 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ad74 b>-ru-a3 b> equals p>su1 8cut (f0 7,br4 #aghe74 ,! idea 8cut01 h[ev]1 is m usually express$ by ! value ma 7see on l9e #f74 ru1 be+ a phonetic complem5t1 limits u to ! *oice ( ! value b> "h4 #i4 a-a dimm] ,m] uku-gal-la b>-ru-a mu-zu an-zak-ku ,o fa!r ,adad1 :5 ! great k+ is cut (f1 ?\ decl>e/ ?y "n4 uku-gal-la3 uku a value ( ,,ug1 :i* is "h a ,babylonian sign f\nd1 = in/ance1 9 ! ,cyrus ,cyl9d]1 equals bo? mu1 8day01 & arru1 8k+0 7,br4 #chfa & #chfb74 gal-la 7see on l9e #h74 #aj4 dimm] ,m] uku ,an-na bi-ma ad--a mu-zu an-zak-ku ,o ,adad1 k+ ( ,anu1 9 ! mighty ?und] & ! lightn+ fla% ?\ decl>e/ ?y "n4 dimm] ,m] 7see on l9e #b74 uku 7see ,,msl4 #cdd & on l9e #i74 #aa4 mu-zu kalam-ma mu-un-r-r-r ,?y "n is mightily magnific5t 9 ! e>?4 mu-zu 7see on l9e #a74 kalam-ma3 kalam z a value is relat$ to ! sign-"n ,,kalammu & equals mtu1 8l&0 7,br4 #eiad74 ,we h already _h ! value un 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #a74 ma is a phonetic complem5t 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #a74 mu-un-r-r-r3 mu-un 7see ,hymn to ,s91 l9e #ag74 r-r-r 7see ,hymn to ,s91 l9e #ad74 ,a d\ble =m l r-r is common1 b ! triple =m is r>e1 & expresses a v unusual emphasis4 #ab4 me-lam-zu kalam-ma tug-gim im-mi-9-dul ,! brightness cov]s ! l& l a g>m5t4 me-lam-zu 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ba74 kalam-ma 7see on l9e #aa74 tug-gim3 tug equals ubtu1 8clo?+0 7,br4 #ajeea74 gim is an ,,ek =m4 ,we h _h ! ,,es =m dim 7,hymn to ,s91 l9e #aa74 im-mi-9-dul3 im is an indet]m9ate v]bal prefix1 b commonly us$ = ! ?ird p]son 7see ,br4 p4 #ede74 mi-9 is a v]bal infix1 us$ *iefly ( ! ?ird p]son 7,,msl4 pp4 ,,xxiv & ,,xxxii74 ,its antec$5t "h is kalam-ma4 dul equals katmu1 8cov]01 b du also equals ubtu1 8dwell+0 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ad71 connot+ 9 bo? in/ances ! idea 8cov]1 %elt]04 #ac4 za ad aka-zu- kur-gal a-a dimm] ,mu-ul-lil sag im-da-sig-gi ,! /one ( ! sceptre ( ?y ?und] /rikes ! head ( ! great m\nta91 fa!r ,bl4 za equals abnu1 8/one0 7,br4 #aagba & ,hymn to ,s91 l9e #ah74 ,!re is ano!r sign us$ m commonly ?an ,z,u to repres5t 8/one02 namely1 ,,da,u4 ad 7see on l9e #a74 aka-zu-3 aka equals rammu1 8ro>0 7,br4 #dgdf74 ,! mean+ ( ,,ram z rammu seems to come ?r\gh mnemonic p>onomasia by way ( ! value aka z equal to rmu1 8love04 ,x is important to di/+ui% rammu f ,ramman1 an ,assyrian "n = ,m] mean+ 8?und]]01 z well z f ramnu1 8self04 ramnu self is (t5 a pun on ,ramman4 zu 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ba74 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ae74 kur-gal3 kur 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #c74 gal 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ad74 a-a dimm] ,mu-ul-lil 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #c74 ,9 ! ,hymn to ,bl 7l9e #af71 ,bl seems to be call$ a m\nta94 ,! ?\ght probably is sugge/$ by ,e-kur ( ,nippur4 #ad4 ura-zu ma gal dimm] ,n9-lil ba-e-di-u-la-e ,?y ?und] t]rifies ! great "m ,blit4 ura equals rammu 7,br4 #heef74 ur is a value ( ,,ar :i* itself may mean rammu 7,br4 #heci7 & a is a value ( ,,du :i* we "k means alku4 ura mu/ mean 8advanc+ ?und]04 ma equals ummu1 8"m04 ,! idea ( 8"m0 arises out ( 8amplitude01 :i* ! sign is int5d$ pictorially to repres5t4 damal is a common value ( ! same sign 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #aj74 gal 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ad74 dimm] ,n9-lil4 ,n9-lil is ! ,sum]ian "n ( ,blit1 ! consort ( ,bl4 ,n9 equals ,bltu1 8lady04 lil has ! same mean+ z 9 ,en-lil or ,mul-lil 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #b74 ,n9-lil is exactly ! rev]se ) respect to sex ( ,en-lil4 ,blit1 l ,bl1 _h a temple at ,nippur :i* dates back app>5tly to ! "t ( ! e>ly dyna/ies ( ,ur4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 simply a dim %ad[ ( ! temple ( ,bl4 ,! goddess ( ! div9e family nev] a*iev$ ! popul>ity atta9$ by ! god1 ! fa!r ( ! family4 ,besides be+ call$ ,n9-lil1 8lady ( m]cy0 7,br4 #eicb71 %e 0 sometimes call$ ,n9-ar-sag1 8lady ( ! high m\nta901 :i* w\ld indicate t %e dwelt ) ,bl 9 ,e-kur1 8! m\nta9 h\se04 ,"u ! "n ( ,n9-ar-sag1 ,blit _h a temple also at ,girsu1 "o ( ! divisions ( ! t[n ( ,laga4 ,n9-ar-sag 0 sometimes address$ z 8! "m ( ! gods04 ba-e-di-u-l-e is a v]b4 ba is an indet]m9ate v]bal prefix4 ,"h x is ?ird p]son 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #be74 e 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ah74 di is an unusual infix2 x is probably us$ "h 9 ! int]e/ ( v[el h>mony = da 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #af74 u-l is ! v]b itself & is equal to galtu1 8fright50 7,br4 #bjgf74 ,on clos] analysis1 u mu/ be a prefix ( g5]alization2 = example u may equal amlu1 8man0 7,br4 #bjej74 l mu/ be ! real v]b2 x is equal to galtu 7,br4 #faff74 e mu/ be a v[el ( prolongation4 ,! usual phonetic complem5t aft] l is a4 ,! fe> ( ! lightn+ ( ,adad 9 ?is hymn is some:at l t express$ 9 ! ,babylonian ,epic ( ,gilgame1 ,elev5? ,tablet4 ,! "l ( ! /orm caus$ ! heav5s to ra9 heavily4 ,!re arose f ! f\ndation ( heav5 a black cl\d4 ,! ?und]be>]s m>*$ ov] m\nta9 & pla91 & ,n9ib cont9u$ p\r+ out ra9 & ,adad's viol5ce rea*$ to heav54 ,! s\!rn bla/ blew h>d4 ,l a battle-*>ge ^u mank9d ! wat]s ru%$4 ,"o c\ld no long] see an o!r4 ,! gods 7 dismay$ at ! flood4 ,!y s\ght refuge by asc5d+ ! highe/ heav51 c[]+ l dogs4 ,on ! battlem5ts ( heav5 !y cr\*$ & ,it> scream$ l a woman 9 travail4 #ae4 d+ir ,en-lil-li dumu-ni dimm] ,m]-ra mu-un-da-an-aka ,bl to 8 son ,m] measures out p[]3 d+ir ,en-lil-li3 ,bl's "n has appe>$ be=e 9 ?is hymn1 b 9 ! ,,es =m 7l9e #ac74 d+ir ,en-lil 7see ,hymn to ,s91 l9e #e74 li 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #bc74 dumu-ni3 7see on l9e #c74 ni 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ac74 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ad7 ,,id4 mu-un-da-an-aka3 mu-un 7see ,hymn to ,s91 l9e #ag74 da-an is a v]bal infix 7,,msl4 pp4 ,,xxiv & ,,xxxii74 ,its antec$5t "h is dumu-ni4 aka3 we h _h aka equal to rammu 7l9e #ac71 b "h we h aka equal to maddu1 8measure out04 maddu1 8measure out01 is a pun on maddu1 8love0 7?us ,,msl4 p4 #ba74 #af4 mulu dumu-mu um-me-i-si-si um-me-i-l-l ,?\ :o art my son1 ! day ?\ did/ lift up ! eye1 ! day ?\ did/ look6 mulu3 ,! sign is ! usual ideogram = 8man01 b may /& = ! ,assyrian a1 z "h4 ,note t ! sign takes ! value lu 9 composition 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #bj74 dumu-mu3 dumu 7see l9e #c74 mu is a suffix ( ! fir/ p]son 7,br4 #abda74 ,!re are ?ree pronom9al mu's4 ,fir/1 ! det]m9ate pronom9al suffix mu ( ! fir/ p]son1 cognate ) ma-e1 ! p]sonal pron\n ( ! fir/ p]son2 ?is is ! mu we h "h4 ,secondly1 !re is a mu ( mu-un1 ! indet]m9ate v]bal prefix4 mun or mu-un is simply ?is mu nasaliz$4 ,we h _h ?is mu q (t54 ,f9ally1 !re is ano!r mu1 an indet]m9ate suffix1 :i* is relat$ to mu ( mu-un1 r ?an to mu1 ! cognate ( ma-e4 ,?is indet]m9ate mu is f\nd at ! end ( relative clauses4 ,we %all meet x 9 ! ,hymn to ,tammuz 7see bel[74 7see ,hymn to ,s91 l9e #ag74 um-me-i-si-si is a v]b4 um-me is a indet]m9ate v]bal prefix1 b is *os5 "h = ! second p]son1 s9ce mu-un is s (t5 us$ = ! ?ird p]son4 umme is n a v common prefix4 ,x /&s = ume :i* is a %ort5$ =m ( um5i4 i3 ,i ) ! value ige or ide we h se5 equals nu1 8eye0 7see ,hymn to ,s91 l9e #af74 i "h1 h[ev]1 seems to be reg>d$ z a "p ( ! v]bal /em & h5ce slips 9 betwe5 ! prefix & ! root4 si-si 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #bb74 ,! ,sum]ian idiom means 8fill ! eye04 um-me-i-l-l3 um-me-i 7j expla9$74 l-l3 l is a value ( ,,lallu :i* occurs z a phonetic complem5t 9 ! ^w ,en-lil-l 7,hymn to ,s91 l9e #e7 also equals na1 8lift up0 7,br4 #ajaja74 #ag4 dimm] ,m]-ri um-me-i-si-si um-me-i-l-l ,o ,adad1 ! day ?\ did/ lift up ! eye1 ! day ?\ did/ look6 dimm] ,m] 7see on l9e #b74 ri 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ai74 um-me-i-si-si um-me-i-l-l 7see on l9e #af74 #ah4 im9na-bi-me ba-gan-tal-l um-me-i-l-l ,dur+ ^? sev5 days ?\ did/ bl[ a full bla/1 :5 ?\ did/ look4 7see ,hymn to ,s91 l9e #ag74 im9na-bi-me3 im9na is ! ,sum]ian ^w = 8sev504 ,! sign 9 our text consi/s ( sev5 uprights1 f\r above & ?ree bel[4 ,! ,assyrian =m consi/s ( ?ree above1 ?ree 9 ! middle & "o at ! bottom4 bi is ! demon/rative pron\n 8^?0 7,br4 #eacd & ,hymn to ,s91 l9e #bg74 me is ! ,sum]ian sign ( ! plural numb] 7,br4 #ajdgj74 ,! sign is compos$ ( ,,me & ,e & means 8_m04 ba-gan-tal-l3 ba 7see on l9e #ad72 ba prefix4 gan is an infix "h ( adv]bial & corroborative "* 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #i74 tal is a value ( ,,ri equal to zu1 8bl[0 7,br4 #beha74 ,we assume tal to be ! correct value because ( ! foll[+ ,,lallu l 7see on l9e #af74 um-me-i-l-l 7see l9e #af74 ,?is int]e/+ /atem5t on ! flood agrees entirely ) ! /ory ( ! flood 9 ! ,elev5? ,tablet ( ! ,babylonian ,epic ( ,gilgame4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! l5g? ( ! ,hebrew & t ( ! ,babylonian deluge is significant4 ,! n>rative ( ,pirnapitim1 ! ,babylonian ,noah1 is q graphic4 ,he repres5ts ! gods z seat$ weep+1 _! lips cov]$ 9 fe>4 ,six days & nights ! w9d blew4 ,:5 ! sev5? day appe>$1 ! /orm subsid$1 ! sea began to dry & ! flood 0 end$4 ,he look$ ^u ! sea1 mank9d 0 turn$ to clay1 corpses float$ l re$s4 ,he op5$ ! w9d[4 ,he s5t =? a dove :i* return$4 ,he s5t =? a rav51 :i* saw ! c>rion on ! wat]1 ate1 & w&]$ away1 b did n return4 ,he built an alt> on ! peak ( ! m\nta9 & set =? vessels by sev5s4 ,! gods smell$ ! sav\r & ga!r$ to ! sacrifice1 & ! great goddess lift$ up ! ra9b[ :i* ,anu _h creat$4 ,^? days he ?\ght ^u & =got n4 #ai4 di-zu-ka r-a-ra ab-ba um-me-i-l-l ,x 0 ! day ( ! ^w ( ?y judgm5t1 ,o bull-god ( ! abyss1 ! day ?\ did/ look4 7l9e #af74 equals amtu1 8^w0 7,br4 #eah1 see also ,hymn to ,s91 l9e #af74 di-zu-ka3 di equals dnu1 8judgm5t0 7,br4 #iebe & ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #g74 zu 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ba74 ka nota g5itivi 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #a74 r-a-ra is ! same z r-ar-a4 r is a value ( ,,gu,u1 mean+ ardu1 8h]oic "o0 7,,msl4 p4 #agd74 ,we h _h ! sign ) ! value g 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #i74 a-ra1 phonetic repres5tation ( r-a1 ) ! same mean+ z r ( ,,gu,u1 plus phonetic complem5t4 ab-ba3 ab equals tmtu1 8sea0 7,br4 #chbb74 ,! common ^w = 8sea0 is ,,ab4,,zu1 writt5 ,,zu4,,ab1 mean+ 8sea ( wisdom01 ! abode ( ,ea1 ! god ( wisdom4 ab also equals aptu1 8abyss0 7,br4 #chae74 ab1 8sea01 or 8abyss0 is a %ort5$ =m ( a-ab1 8wat] enclosure01 8wat] space04 ,,ab ) ! value we h _h 7,hymn to ,s91 l9e #aj74 um-me-i-l-l 7l9e #af74 #bj4 nim-gir lu su-i- mu-ra-du-ud ,z ! lightn+1 a mess5g] = t]ror1 ?\ did/ g4 nim-gir equals biru1 8lightn+0 7,br4 #ijbj74 nim-gir lit]ally means 8high lightn+04 nim equals el1 8high04 gir alone equals biru 7,br4 #cjf74 ,! sign ,,gir 9 its primitive =m is a picture ( a 8dagg]04 ,f ! conception ( ! 8dagg]01 !re is1 ( c\rse1 b a %ort /ep to t ( ! =k$ lightn+4 lu equals sukkallu1 8mess5g]0 7,br4 #fagj74 ,we h _h ! sign ,,sukkallu ) ! value la 7l9e #ad1 la1 & ,hymn to ,s91 l9e #bg74 su-i- equals n\n su-i & po/position 4 su-i3 ,,su4,i means 8increase ( eye0 & eqnals alummatu :i* means 8spl5d\r01 or p]haps 8t]ror04 ,,su4,i might be read su-lim4 ,,su4,,zi1 h[ev]1 has ! same mean+ 7see ,br4 #bce & #ahg1 also ,,msl4 p4 #bih71 prov+ ! read+ ,,su4,i4 mu-ra-du-ud3 mu 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ah74 ra is an infix ( adv]bial "* d5ot+ motion 7,,msl4 p4 ,,xxiv74 du-ud is no d\bt = du-du1 an int5sifi$ =m ( du 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #bc1 g974 #ba4 mulu dumu-mu r g9-na-g9-na a-ba zi-gi-en te-ga ,:5 ?\ :o art my son goe/ viol5tly ab\t1 :o c attack l !e8 mulu dumu-mu 7see on l9e #af74 r equals napu1 8break =? viol5tly01 or 8/orm furi\sly01 7,br4 #iadd74 ,"h we come ne> to ! prim>y idea ( ! sign :i* is t ( 8! gor+ bull0 7see ,hymn to ,s91 l9e #ad74 g9-na-g9-na3 ,,du alku may h any "o ( ?ree values1 g91 tum or r 7,br4 #dhga74 g9 is ! correct value "h1 z is %[n by ! phonetic complem5t na4 ,! value du mu/ be closely relat$ to tum & g94 du by *ange ( d to t & by addition ( ! nasal m becomes tum4 tum by *ange ( t to g1 ( u to i & ( m to n becomes g94 a-ba equals mannu1 8:o0 7,br4 #aacgj74 ,see also bel[4 zi-gi-en probably is a phonetic & dialectic =m = za-e-gim 7l9e #bb74 te-ga3 te equals e1 8attack0 7,br4 #gfhh74 ga3 ,,ba is probably dialectic = ga 7,br4 #ajc7 :i* w\ld be ! same z ,,pisannu1 i4 e41 ba1 8be+01 or aknu1 8e/abli%+04 ,rev]se #bb4 ki-bala ul gg a-a mu-zu- a-ba za-e-gim te-ga ,! tr\blesome evil ho/ile l&1 ,o fa!r1 :i* is aga9/ !e1 :o l !e c attack6 ki-bala3 ki 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #i74 bala equals pal1 8weapon0 7,br4 #bgf74 ,f ! idea ( 8weapon01 x is easy to pass to t ( 8ho/ility01 express$ by nukurtu 7,br4 #bgb74 ul equals limnu1 8bad0 7see ,br4 #iejb & ,hymn to ,s91 l9e #af1 l74 gg equals m>u1 8sick0 7,br4 #ibce74 ,! sign is composite1 ! pr9cipal elem5t ( :i* is ,,mi mean+ 8black04 a-a 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #c74 mu-zu-3 mu equals eli1 8^u01 or 8aga9/0 7,br4 #hhda74 zu 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ba74 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ae7 gov]ns ! phrase mu-zu4 a-ba 7see on l9e #ba74 za-e-gim3 za-e 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #af74 gim 7see l9e #ab74 te-ga 7see on l9e #ba74 #bc4 n imi tur-tur-e -um-me-ti a-ba za-e-gim te-ga ,! little /one ( ! /orm d ?\ take4 ,:o c attack l !e6 n3 ,,da,u has ?ree values = abnu1 8/one01 za1 i & n4 ,we h also _h ! sign ,,za ) ! value za equal to abnu 7l9e #ac74 ,no d\bt ,,da,u indicates 8hail/one0 "h4 imi is ! common value ( ! sign ,,immu = ru1 8/orm0 7,br4 #hcfi74 tur-tur-e3 tur 7see ,hymn to ,s91 l9e #bh1 ban-da74 ,! sign is ,,dumu 7l9es #c1 #ae & #af74 e 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #c74 -um-me-ti3 is a "p ( ! v]bal conjugation 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #be71 mak+ x causal4 um-me 7see on l9e #af74 ti equals la1 8take0 7,br4 #agjj74 ,?is is ! same ^w z ti mean+ 8life0 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #af74 a-ba za-e-gim te-ga 7see on l9e #bb74 #bd4 n gal-gal-e -um-me-ti a-ba za-e-gim te-ga ,! l>ge /one d ?\ take4 ,:o l !e c attack6 n 7see on l9e #bc74 gal-gal-e3 gal 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ad74 e 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #c74 -um-me-ti a-ba za-e-gim te-ga 7see l9e #bc74 #be4 n tur-tur-zu n gal-gal-zu mu-ba -me-m ,?y little /one1 ?y l>ge /one1 on x 7! l&7 let x be6 n 7see on l9e #bc74 gal-gal-zu3 gal 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ad74 zu 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ba74 tur-tur-zu3 tur 7see on l9e #bc74 mu-ba3 mu 7see l9e #bb74 ba is a pronom9al suffix ( ! ?ird p]son s+ul> 7,br4 #aad74 -me-m v]b 9 ! imp]ative mood4 -me1 ! same z um-me 7l9e #af74 m 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ab74 #bf4 ki-bala-a zi-da-zu -mu-e-gul da bur su -mu-e-se ,! ho/ile l& ?y "r h& de/roys4 ,x gives complete de/ruction 787 ki-bala-a 7see on l9e #bb74 a 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #i74 zi-da-zu3 zi equals imnu1 8"r h&0 7,br4 #bcab74 da is a phonetic complem5t 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #d74 zu 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ba74 -mu-e-gul3 is an indet]m9ate v]bal prefix2 x is us$ ( ! ?ird p]son 7,br4 p4 #edg2 see also ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #a74 mu-e con/itutes a d\ble v]bal infix1 ! mu be+ pronom9al & ! e adv]bial4 mu 7see l9e #af & ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ah74 e 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ah74 gul equals abtu1 8de/roy0 7,br4 #hied74 da equals idu1 8/r5g?0 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #af74 bur equals nasu1 8te> away0 7,br4 #gebh74 ,! sign ,s,,ru occurs only "h 9 all ( ! f\r hymns ( ?is ,!sis4 su is ! common ^w = 8body01 repres5t$ by zumru 7,br4 #agb74 ,?is translation is only provisional4 -mu-e-se3 -mu-e 7j expla9$74 se equals nadnu1 8give0 7,br4 #ddah74 ,brnn[ gives to ! sign ! value s1 :5 x /&s = nadnu4 #bg4 dimm] ,m]-ri dug-dug-ga a-a mu-na- ge-ni ba-i-9-ag ,adad1 :5 he speaks 7to "o71 ,o fa!r1 on him he imposes 8 gov]nm5t4 dimm] ,m]-ri 7see on l9e #ag74 dug-dug-ga is a al-clause equal to 89 comm&+04 dug 7see ,hymn to ,s91 l9e #ae74 a-a 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #c74 mu-na-3 mu 7see l9e #bb74 na1 pronom9al suffix ( ! ?ird p]son 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #a74 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ae74 ge-ni3 ge equals uturu1 8gov]nm5t0 7,br4 #egjf74 ni 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ac74 ba-i-9-ag3 ba 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #be74 ,suffix i-9 7see ,hymn to ,s91 l9e #af74 ag 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #be74 #bh4 a-a dimm] ,m] -ta -a-ni di na-nam ,fa!r ,adad1 :5 he comes out ( ! h\se he fixes ! day ( judgm5t4 -ta3 7see ,hymn to ,s91 l9e #c74 ta 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ae74 -a-ni3 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ae74 a is a v[el ( prolongation1 :i* is accu/om$ to take 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #i74 ni 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ac74 7see ,hymn to ,s91 l9e #ag74 7see on l9e #ai74 di 7see on l9e #ai74 na-nam3 na is an indet]m9ate v]bal prefix 7see ,,msl4 p4 ,,xxiv & ,hymn to ,bl1 l9es #a & #ah74 nam evid5tly a v]b "h1 equals imtu1 8fix+0 7,br4 #bajc74 #bi4 -ta eri-ta -a-ni uku ban-da na-nam ,:5 he comes out ( ! h\se out ( ! city1 he fixes ! mighty day4 -ta 7see on l9e #bh74 eri-ta3 eri 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ac74 -a-ni 7see on l9e #bh74 uku 7see on l9e #i74 ban-da equals ekdu1 8/rong0 7,br4 #dabg74 ban-da1 foll[+ ! idea 8/r5g?01 also equals 8"y0 7see ,hymn to ,s91 l9e #bh74 na-nam 7see l9e #bh74 #cj4 eri-ta an-na-ta g>-ra-ni ar-ra na-nam ,:5 he e/abli%es himself out ( ! city1 out ( heav51 he fixes ! day ( curse4 eri-ta 7see l9e #bi74 an-na-ta3 an-na 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ah74 ta 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ae74 g>-ra-ni3 g> equals aknu1 8e/abli%0 7,br4 #aaigh74 ra1 phonetic complem5t1 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #c74 ni 7see l9e #bh74 7see ,hymn to ,s91 l9e #ag74 7see on l9e #ai74 ar-ra3 ar equals uurtu1 8curse0 7,br4 #hede74 ra1 phonetic complem5t4 na-nam 7see on l9e #bh74 #ca4 44 r lim-ma dimm] ,m] 4444 ,hymn to ,adad4 ,*apt] ,,iv ,tablet #bifbh1 ,plate #ai1 ,hymn to ,tammuz ,obv]se #a4 es-e tu7,,ku7-e-na eri r7,a4,i7-ra na-nam ,to ! bro!r ^: dwell+ is ! city ( weep+1 ?us3 #b4 a-kala es-e tab ,an-na ,! might9ess ( ! bro!r1 ! companion ( ,anu6 #c4 a-kala 7,,id7-ba en dimm] ,dumu7,,tur7-zi ,! might9ess ( 8 p[]1 ! "l ,tammuz6 #d4 dumu7,,tur7 7,,bit7-gal-a-ni nu mu-un-su7,,sud1,,sug7-ga-mu ,! son ^: temple is n f> away6 #e4 azag dimm] ,nan-ge7,,kit7 7,,bit7 ,an-na-ka im-me ,! %9+ "o ( ,it>1 :o is 9 ! h\se ( ,anu6 #f4 mulu -sun-na-ge7,,kit7 nu mu-un-su-ga-mu ,! "o ( plant-g]m9ation1 :o is n f> away6 #g4 azag dimm] ,nan-ge7,,kit7 za ,,nanna ,unug7,,unu7-ki-ka im-me ,! %9+ "o ( ,it>1 :o is ! ,,nanna-/one ( ,ere*6 #h4 mulu zib7,,ka7-ba-ra-ge7,,kit7 nu mu-un-su7,,sud1,,sug7-ga-mu ,! "o ( spee*1 :o is n f> away6 #i4 b>a-ka azag dimm] ,nan-ge7,,kit7 te ki-ka im-me ,9 ! temple1 ! %9+ "o ( ,it>1 :o is ! f\ndation ( ! l&6 #aj4 mulu ka--ka-sa-ge7,,kit7 nu mu-un-su7,,sud1,,sug7-ga-mu ,! "o ( mu* w9e1 :o is n f> away6 #aa4 azag dimm] ,nan-ge7,,kit7 7,,lib7-mu -sun mu-un-si-mal7,,ig7 ,! %9+ "o ( ,it>1 ^: he>t is full ( plant-production6 #ab4 mulu ul-mal7,,ig7 nu mu-un-su-ga-mu ,! "o endur+ evil1 :o is n f> away6 #ac4 dimm] mut97,,ge,,t97 ,an-na-ge7,,kit7 ka7,,bi7-ra-bi mu-un-ub7,,ru7 ,! w9e-god ( ,anu1 to :om !y pres5t _! (f]+6 #ad4 mulu -sun-na-ge7,,kit7 a-na-m7,a4,,an7 -ba ab-r7,,ul7 ,! "o ( plant-g]m9ation1 :at does 8 h& orda96 #ae4 mulu zib7,,ka7-ba-ra-ge7,,kit7 ,! "o ( spee*6 #af4 mulu ka--ka-sa-ge7,,kit7 ,! "o ( mu* w9e6 #ag4 mulu ul-mal7,,ig7 a-na-m7,a4,,an7 -ba ab-g97,,du7 ,! "o :o endures evil1 :i!r does 8 h& g6 #ah4 dimm] mut97,,ge,,t97 ,an-na-ge7,,kit7 ,,pa,,du sigie-ra mu-un-ub7,,ru7-bi ,! w9e-god ( ,anu1 to :om !y (f] ! lamb ( sacrifice6 #ai4 nim-me azag dimm] ,nan-ra 7,,ka7 mu-un-na-ab-e-e ,! l(ty "o1 ! %9+ "o ( ,it>1 to :om !y speak6 #bj4 nim-me ki mu-lu ni ma-ra an-pad-de7,,ne7 a-na mu-un-ba-e-e ,! l(ty "o ( e>? :o is ! abundance ( ! l&1 to :om !y speak6 :at d !y say8 #ba4 7,,bit7 ka7,,bi7-a-ka 7,,bit7 gurun7,,kil7-na-ka dumu7,,tur7 mu-lu azag zu-ge7,,kit7 ne-ne mu-un-til-li ,9 ! h\se ( w9e1 9 ! h\se ( fruit1 ! son1 ! %9+ "o ( wisdom1 :o inde$ lives6 #bb4 nim-me azag dimm] mut97,,ge,,t97 ,an-na-ge7,,kit7 7,,ka7 mu-un-na-ab-e-e ,! l(ty "o1 ! %9+ "o1 ! w9e-god ( ,anu1 to :om !y speak6 #bc4 nim-me ki es ma-ra an-pad-de7,,ne7 a-na-m7,a4,,an7 mu-un-ma-al ,! l(ty "o ( e>?1 ! bro!r ( ! l&1 to :om !y speak6 :at is x 7t !y say78 ,rev]se #bd4 7,,bit7 ka7,,bi7-a-ka 7,,bit7 gurun7,,kil7-na-ka dumu7,,tur7 mulu azag zu-ge7,,kit7 sigie-sag tuk-a-na ,9 ! h\se ( w9e1 9 ! h\se ( fruit1 ! son1 ! %9+ "o ( wisdom1 :o has a great sacrifice6 #be4 ur-sag gi ku-a sag-mal-mal-ge7,,kit7 ,! h]o ( great weapons6 #bf4 dimm] mut9 7,,ge,,t97 ,an-na-qe7,,kit7 -sun-na saq-mal-mal-ge7,,kit7 ,! w9e-god ( ,anu1 ! great plant-g]m9ator6 #bg4 -sun gurun7,,kil7-gurun7,,kil7 -sun gurun7,,kil7-gurun7,,kil7 es-mu -sun gurun7,,kil7-gurun7,,kil7 ,! g]m9ator ( _m fruits1 ! g]m9ator ( _m fruits1 my bro!r1 ! g]m9ator ( _m fruits6 #bh4 -sun a-ra-li -sun gurun7,,kil7-gurun7,,kil7 es-mu -sun gurun7,,kil7-gurun7,,kil7 ,! g]m9ator ( ! l[] _w1 ! g]m9ator ( _m fruits1 my bro!r1 ! g]m9ator ( may fruits6 #bi4 9-nu g7,u7 gi gu-ga-ge7,,kit7 tl77-ta-al-ta-al mu-ib-r 7,,du7-r7,,du7 ,! vegetable-g]m9ator1 ! only plant-begett]1 :o goe? =?6 #cj4 dumu7,,tur7 zi-ga-na ga-ni 7,,lib7-zi-zi mu-ib-r7,,du7 ,! son ( life2 9 8 fulness1 9 ! mid/ ( life goe?4 #ca4 e di r7,a4,i7-lim7,,lib7-ma dimm] ,dumu-zi-da-kam ,?irty l9es4 ,hymn to ,tammuz4 ,! sali5t phases ( ! r\nd$ out ,tammuz /ory are t\*$ ^u 9 ?is hymn2 viz41 8 local dwell+ 9 a city :]e he _h a temple2 ! memorial weep+2 8 relation to ,anu2 8 lordly p[]2 8 specification z 8a bro!r02 8 relation to ! goddess ,it>2 8 *>act]i/ic & supreme function ( plant-g]m9ation4 ,note also t he 0 ! agricultural god ( spr+ vegetation4 ,(f]+s ( w9e 7 p\r$ out ov] 8 bi]1 he hav+ be5 humbl$ to sorr[ by bani%m5t to ! l[] _w1 :]e he became a "l ov] ! occult & int]nal =ces inh]5t b5ea? ! soil ( ! e>?4 ,s he became a god ( a new life4 ,! hymn does n seem altoge!r to conf9e ! g]m9at+ "w ( ,tammuz to ! vegetation ( spr+ gr[?1 b appe>s1 especially 9 ! ,rev]se1 to include fruit gr[+ :i* might come lat] 9 ! season4 ,possibly ?is hymn 0 sung z a dirge at ,babylonian anniv]s>ies = ! dep>t$ ,tammuz4 ,! ,babylonians at ! "t ( ! summ] sol/ice annually commemorat$ ) lam5tation ! dep>ture ( ,tammuz to ! l[] _w4 ,he _h in/ruct$ !m t !y %\ld ga!r at 8 bi] & t hir$ musicians %\ld s+ & play & t ! p %\ld sacrifice & dr9k w9e4 ,obv]se #a4 es-e tu-e-na eri r-ra na-nam ,to ! bro!r ^: dwell+ is ! city ( weep+1 ?us3 es-e3 es same z is 7,hymn to ,s91 l9e #b74 e equals ana1 8to0 7,br4 #ehdg74 tu-e-na3 tu equals abu1 8dwell0 7,br4 #ajebc74 ,probably ! sign has ! same value = ubtu1 8dwell+0 7,br4 #ajeec74 ,we h _h ! sign 7,,ku7 ) ! value 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ae74 e1 v[el ( prolongation4 na1 pronom9al suffix 7see ,hymn to ,adad1 l9e #bg74 eri 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ac74 r-ra3 r 7,hymn to ,bl1 ,colophon74 ra1 phonetic complem5t 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #c74 na-nam equals kam1 8?us0 7see ,br4 #aeig & ,hymn to ,adad1 l9e #bh74 ,! words 8,o my bro!r0 are repres5t$ 9 leg5d z be+ fir/ utt]$ by ! si/] ( ,tammuz & !n tak5 up by o!r m\rn]s4 ,probably ! cu/om ( weep+ = ,tammuz orig9at$ 9 ! city ( ,eridu4 #b4 a-kala es-e tab ,an-na ,! might9ess ( ! bro!r1 ! companion ( ,anu6 a-kala is an ab/ract n\n l nam-kala :i* is equal to danntu 7,br4 #faid74 a is an ab/ract prefix1 z 9 ,a4,,du1 equal to a-r1 8go+0 7,,msl4 p4 ,,xvii74 kala equal dannu1 8mighty0 7,br4 #faid74 e-e4 ,see on es 7l9e #a74 e1 probably sign ( ! g5itive1 if n m]ely a v[el ( prolongation4 ,x c c]ta9ly be a po/position 7see on l9e #a74 tab 7see ,hymn to ,adad1 l9e #f74 ,an-na 7see ,hymn to ,adad1 l9e #c & ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ah74 ,tammuz 0 a companion ( ,gizida 9 ! dom9ion ( ,anu4 ,gizida 0 also a god ( vegetable gr[?4 ,at a c]ta9 p]iod ( ! ye>1 ,tammuz & ,gizida 7 /ation$ 9 companion%ip z att5dants at ! gate ( heav54 ,"h ! p[] ( ,tammuz to cause vegetation to gr[ began to be effective4 ,he 01 9 ! fir/ days ( 8 exi/5ce1 a sun-god1 &1 /ation$ 9 heav51 ! rays ( 8 p[] 7 felt on e>?4 ,s1 probably e ye>1 at ! "t ( spr+ gr[?1 he 0 conceiv$ ( z op]at+ f heav5 l a sun4 #c4 a-kala -ba en dimm] ,dumu-zi ,! might9ess ( 8 p[]1 ! "l ,tammuz6 a-kala 7see on l9e #b74 -ba3 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ad74 ba 7,hymn to ,adad1 l9e #be74 en 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ai74 dimm] ,dumu-zi4 ,dumu-zi means 8son ( life04 ,dumu 7,hymn to ,s91 l9e #e74 zi 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #bc74 #d4 dumu -gal-a-ni nu mu-un-su-ga-mu ,! son ^: temple is n f> away6 dumu 7see ,hymn to ,s91 l9e #e1 u-mu74 -gal-a-ni3 -gal equals kallu1 8temple01 7,br4 #fbeb74 4,,gal1 8great h\se01 is ! common comp\nd ideogram = 8temple01 bo? 9 ,sum]ian & ,assyrian4 ,! ,assyrian kallu is evid5tly ! ,sum]ian 1 plus gal :i* is *ang$ to kal4 ,! ^w has pass$ ov] into ,hebrew1 ,syriac & ,arabic4 7see ,hymn to ,s91 l9e #c74 gal 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ad74 -gal is (t5 foll[$ by la2 "h1 h[ev]1 x is foll[$ by a1 %[+ t ! phonetic use ( la & a is q simil>4 ni 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ac74 nu 7,hymn to ,s91 l9e #bg74 mu-un-su-ga-mu is a v]b & seems to mean 8:o is f> away04 ,! clause occurs also 9 l9es #f1 #h1 #aj & #ab1 only t 9 l9es #f & #ab ,,su is us$ in/ead ( ,,sud4 mu-un 7see ,hymn to ,s91 l9e #ag74 su3 ,,sud seems to equal ru1 8di/ant01 "h4 ,yet :5 x is equal to ru1 x g5]ally has ! value sud & is foll[$ by ! phonetic complem5t da2 "h x is foll[$ by ga4 ,s ! value %\ld be sug or su4 mu is a relative suffix relat$ to mu ( mu-un 7see ,hymn to ,adad1 l9e #af74 #e4 azag dimm] ,nan-ge ,an-na-ka im-me ,! %9+ "o ( ,it>1 :o is 9 ! h\se ( ,anu6 azag 7see ,hymn to ,s91 l9e #a74 dimm] ,nan-ge4 ,nan1 also writt5 ,nanna1 is ! ,sum]ian "n ( ,it>4 ,,nannu is sometimes writt5 l ,,ri :i*1 :5 prec$$ by ! god-sign1 also equals 8,it>04 ge 7see ,hymn to ,adad1 l9e #d74 7see ,hymn to ,s91 l9e #c74 ,an-na-ka 7see ,hymn to ,adad1 l9e #d74 ka equals nota g5itivi 7see ,br4 #eea & ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #a74 im-me3 im 7see ,hymn to ,s91 l9e #bc74 me 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #af74 ,tammuz seems to be ! %9+ "o4 ,! epi!t 8%9+0 is sometimes appli$ to gods1 goddesses1 k+s1 pr9ces & o!rs4 ,! prim>y relation ( ,tammuz 0 t ( lov]4 ,b 9 ! l[] _w he made love to ano!r4 ,b ea* ye> dur+ ! season ( vegetable gr[? he 0 suppos$ to be liv+ ) ,it> & dur+ ! season ( vegetable decl9e he 0 suppos$ to be liv+ ) ! o!r :om he lov$ 9 ! regions bel[4 ,! h\se ( ,anu might mean ! temple ( ,anu1 b ! ref]5ce 9 ?is l9e is no d\bt to heav51 ov] :i* ,anu 0 "l & at ^: portals ,tammuz sometimes act$ z port]4 #f4 mulu -sun-na-ge nu mu-un-su-ga-mu ,! "o ( plant-g]m9ation1 :o is n f> away6 mulu 7see ,hymn to ,adad1 l9e #af74 -sun-na-ge3 -sun seems to be a comp\nd n\n mean+ 8plant-gr[+04 ,x occurs eight times 9 ! hymn4 equals ammu1 8plant0 7,br4 #fjbg74 ,x is sometime a det]m9ative be=e ! "n ( a plant 7,br4 #fjbi74 sun means 8irrigate0 7,,msl4 #bii74 ,x is improbable t ?is sign is ,,kib4 ge 7see ,hymn to ,adad1 l9e #d74 nu 7see ,hymn to ,s91 l9e #bg74 mu-un-su-ga-mu 7see l9e #d74 su7,,su7 & su7,,sud1,,sug7 are int]*angeable 7,br4 #geic74 #g4 azag dimm] ,nan-ge za ,,nanna ,unug-ka im-me ,! %9+ "o ( ,it>1 :o is ! ,,nanna-/one ( ,ere*6 azag dimm] ,nana-ge 7see on l9e #e74 za3 ! probable mean+ ( za "h is 8/one0 7see ,hymn to ,adad1 l9e #ac74 ,,nanna3 !re are no citations 9 ,brnn[ %[+ ! mean+ ( ,,nanna :5 /&+ alone4 za-,,nanna-di equals mamm1 8sn[01 & za-,,nanna may mean 8:ite /one04 ,if ,,nanna c equal ,u,,lanu-,,gun1 !n x c mean nasu 7,br4 #cjai7 & za-,,nanna means 8%9+ /one04 ,x may be t ,,nanna /&s = ,u,,lanu-,,gun1 !n ,,za4,,nanna4,,unu4,,ki c\ld be equal to ,unug-ki 7,br4 #aagdi71 & ! l9e w\ld read azag dimm] ,nan-ge ,unug-ki-ka im-me1 8! %9+ "o ( ,it> ( ,ere* he is04 ,unug3 t ,unug is ! correct value is %[n by ! phonetic complem5t ga t (t5 foll[s ,,unu4 ,ere*1 we "k1 0 ! city ( ,it> 7,br4 #cjbc74 unu 7see ,hymn to ,s91 l9e #b74 ka 7l9e #e74 im-me 7see on l9e #e74 #h4 mulu zib-ba-ra-ge nu mu-un-su-ga-mu ,! "o ( spee*1 :o is n f> away6 mulu 7see ,hymn to ,adad1 l9e #af74 zib-ba-ra-ge3 zib-ba 7see ,hymn to ,s91 l9e #af1 gu74 ra mu/ answ] = v[el prolongation 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #c74 ge 7see ,hymn to ,adad1 l9e #d74 8,"o ( spee*0 mu/ mean ! god end[$ ) au?oritative utt]ance on ! subject ( g]m9ation4 nu mu-un-su-ga-mu 7see on l9e #d74 #i4 b>a-ka azag dimm] ,nan-ge te ki-ka im-me ,9 ! temple ! %9+ "o ( ,it>1 :o is ! f\ndation ( ! l&6 b>a-ka3 b>a equals p>akku1 8dwell+ room 9 ! temple0 7,br4 #fhgh74 ka 7l9e #e74 azag dimm] ,nan-ge 7l9e #e74 te equals tem5nu1 8f\ndation0 7,br4 #ggaj74 ki-ka3 ki 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #i74 ka 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #a74 im-me 7l9e #e74 #aj4 mulu ka--ka-sa-ge nu mu-un-su-ga-mu ,! "o ( mu* w9e1 :o is n f> away6 mulu 7see ,hymn to ,adad1 l9e #af74 ka- is evid5tly a phonetic repres5tation ( ka7,,bi71 cognate ) ge 9 get9 & equal to k>nu1 8w9e0 7,br4 #eaba1 #ejjd & #ejjf74 ka-sa-ge3 ka-sa may be a phonetic =m = kas equal to 91 8two0 7,br4 #ddei74 ,p]haps x w\ld be bett] to consid] ka- ka-sa z a r$uplication ( ka1 z ka-kas77 8mu* w9e04 ge 7,hymn to ,adad1 l9e #d74 ,"o =m ( ! leg5d makes ,tammuz ! begett] ( autumn vegetation4 ,if s1 he is ! produc] ( mu* w9e4 ,m likely ! mean+ is t1 on 8 acc\nt1 mu* w9e 0 (f]$ 9 ! s]vice ( lam5tation at 8 dep>ture4 nu mu-un-su-ga-mu 7see on l9e #d74 #aa4 azag dimm] ,nan-ge -mu -sun mu-un-si-mal ,! %9+ "o ( ,it>1 ^: he>t is full ( plant-production6 azag dimm] ,nan-ge 7l9e #e74 -mu3 7,hymn to ,s91 l9e #i1 sag74 ,relative mu 7see l9e #d74 -sun 7l9e #f74 mu-un-si-mal4 mu-un 7see ,hymn to ,s91 l9e #ag74 si 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #bb74 mal 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ah74 ,plant gr[? is a matt] ( intellig5t devis+ on ! "p ( ,tammuz4 #ab4 mulu ul-mal nu mu-un-su-ga-mu ,! "o endur+ evil1 :o is n f> away6 mulu 7see ,hymn to ,adad1 l9e #af74 ul-mal equals limnu1 8evil0 7,br4 #iejh74 ul equals limnu1 8be evil04 mal 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ah74 nu mu-un-su-ga-mu 7l9e #f74 #ac4 dimm] mut9 ,an-na-ge ka-ra-bi mu-un-ub ,! w9e-god ( ,anu1 to :om !y pres5t _! (f]+6 mut9 is 8wood ( life01 mu be+ ,,es = ge1 8wood01 & t9 be+ = ti 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #af74 ,an-na-ge3 ,an-na 7see ,hymn to ,adad1 l9e #c74 ge 7,hymn to ,adad1 l9e #d74 ka-ra-bi3 ka equals ik>u1 8/rong dr9k0 7,br4 #eabf74 ra answ]s z a v[el ( prolongation 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #c74 ,if ra 7 a po/position1 x w\ld foll[ ! suffix bi 7on :i* see ,hymn to ,s91 l9e #bg74 mu-un-ub3 mu-un 7,hymn to ,s91 l9e #ag74 ub equals nad 8ca/ d[n0 7,br4 #adcd74 ,,ru signifies 8b5t d[n04 ,! attitude ( ! m\rn]s may be not$4 #ad4 mulu -sun-na-ge a-na-m -ba ab-r ,! "o ( plant-g]m9ation1 :at does 8 h& orda96 mulu -sun-na-ge 7see l9e #f74 a-na-m equals m9ammi 7,br4 #aadcf7 :i* is ! same z m9 8:at80 7,br4 #aadcd74 ,note t a-ba 7,hymn to ,adad1 l9e #ba7 equals mannu1 8:o80 -ba3 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #be74 ba 7see ,hymn to ,adad1 l9e #be74 ab-r3 ab 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #af74 r 7,hymn to ,s91 l9e #ad74 #ae4 mulu zib-ba-ra-ge ,! "o ( spee*6 ,see l9e #h4 #af4 mulu ka--ka-sa-ge ,! "o ( mu* w9e6 ,see l9e #aj4 #ag4 mulu ul-mal a-na-m -ba ab-g9 ,! "o :o endures evil1 :i!r does 8 h& g6 mulu ul-mal 7l9e #ab74 a-na-m -ba 7l9e #ad74 ab-g93 ab 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #af74 g9 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #bc74 #ah4 dimm] mut9 ,an-na-ge ,,pa,,du sigie-ra mu-un-ub-bi ,! w9e-god ( ,anu1 to :om !y (f] ! lamb ( sacrifice6 dimm] mut9 ,an-ua-ge 7l9e #ac74 ,,pa,,du1 ,assyrian = 8lamb04 ,! sign is ,,pisannu enclos+ ,g,s,,ar 7,br4 #edhi74 ,! ,sum]ian value ( ! sign is n kn[n4 ,among ! few citations 9 :i* ! sign appe>s1 a female lamb is m5tion$ 7,br4 #ajidf74 sigie-ra3 sigie equals n1 8sacrifice01 & ra answ]s z a v[el ( prolongation :i* ! sign takes 7,br4 #ijib74 mu-un-ub-bi3 mu-un-ub 7l9e #ac74 bi is a phonetic complem5t4 #ai4 nim-me azag dimm] ,nan-ra mu-un-na-ab-e-e ,! l(ty "o1 ! %9+ "o ( ,it>1 to :om !y speak4 nim-me3 nim 7see ,hymn to ,adad1 l9e #bj74 me1 phonetic complem5t4 azag 7,hymn to ,s91 l9e #a74 dimm] ,nan-ra3 dimm] ,nan 7l9e #e74 ra 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #c74 7,hymn to ,adad1 l9e #ai74 mu-un-na-ab-e-e3 mu-un 7,hymn to ,s91 l9e #ag74 na-ab is a v]bal infix 8to him01 ?ird p]son "h 7,,msl4 p4 ,,xxxii74 e-e 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ad74 #bj4 nim-me ki mu-lu ni ma-ra an-pad-de a-na mu-un-ba-e-e ,! l(ty "o ( ! e>? :o is ! abundance ( ! l&1 to :om !y speak4 ,:at do? he say6 nim-me 7l9e #ai74 ki 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #i74 mu-lu 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #bj74 ni 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ac74 an-pad-de3 an 7,hymn to ,adad1 l9e #a74 pad 7,hymn to ,s91 l9e #aj74 de1 phonetic complem5t4 a-na equals m91 8:at0 7,br4 #aadcd71 ! same z a-na-m 7l9e #ad74 mu-un-ba-e-e3 mu-un 7,hymn to ,s91 l9e #ag74 ba may be us$ z an infix z well z a prefix 7,,msl4 p4 ,,xxiv1 & ,hymn to ,bl1 l9es #bd & #be74 e-e 7l9e #ai74 #ba4 ka-a-ka gurun-na-ka dumu mu-lu azag zu-ge ne-ne mu-un-til-li ,9 ! h\se ( w9e1 9 ! h\se ( fruit1 ! son1 ! %9+ "o ( wisdom1 :o inde$ live?6 ka-a-ka3 ka 7l9e #ac74 a 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #i74 ka 7l9e #e74 gurun-na-ka3 gurun equals inbu1 8fruit0 7,br4 #ajagi74 na1 phonetic complem5t4 ka 7j expla9$74 dumu 7,hymn to ,s91 l9e #e74 mu-lu 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #bj74 azag 7,hymn to ,s91 l9e #a74 zu-ge3 zu 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #a74 ge 7,hymn to ,adad1 l9e #d74 ne-ne 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ba74 mu-un-til-li3 mu-un 7,hymn to ,s91 l9e #ag74 til is probably ! long] =m ( ti 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #af74 #bb4 nim-me azag dimm] mut9 ,an-na-ge mu-un-na-ab-e-e ,! l(ty "o1 ! %9+ "o1 ! w9e-god ( ,anu1 to :om !y speak6 nim-me azag 7l9e #ai74 dimm] mut9 ,an-na-ge 7l9e #ac74 mu-un-na-ab-e-e 7l9e #ai74 #bc4 nim-me ki es ma-ra an-pad-de a-na-m mu-un-ma-al ,! l(ty "o ( e>?1 ! bro!r ( ! l&1 to :om !y speak6 ,:at do? 8 h& effect6 nim-me ki 7l9e #bj74 es 7l9e #a74 ma-ra 7,hymn to ,s91 l9e #af74 an-pad-de 7l9e #bj74 a-na-m 7l9e #ad74 mu-un-ma-al3 mu-un 7,hymn to ,s91 l9e #ag74 ma-al is ! v]b 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #aa74 ,rev]se #bd4 ka-a-ka gurun-na-ka dumu mulu azag zu-ge sigie sag tuk-a-na ,9 ! h\se ( w9e1 9 ! h\se ( fruit1 ! son1 ! %9+ "o ( wisdom1 :o has a great sacrifice6 ka-a-ka gurun-na-nka dumu mulu azag zu-ge 7l9e #ba74 sigie 7l9e #ah74 sag 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #e74 tuk-a-na3 tuk equals i1 8h0 7,br4 #aabcg74 a1 v[el ( prolongation 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #i74 na1 suffix ( ! ?ird p]son 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #a74 #be4 ur-sag gi ku-a sag-mal-mal-ge ,! h]o ( great weapons6 ur equals amlu1 8man0 7,br4 #aabef74 sag 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #e74 ur-sag means 8head-man01 & is also equal to arradu1 8mighty "o04 gi ku-a3 gi equals iu1 8wood01 & is a det]m9ative be=e names ( ?+s made ( wood4 ku equals blu1 8weapon01 p]haps sacrificial implem5ts4 a1 v[el ( prolongation4 sag-mal-mal-ge3 sag 7j expla9$74 mal-mal3 ,,pisannu is dialectic = ei!r ,,ma4,,al or ,i,u & z a suffix makes an adjective ( a n\n 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9es #a & #ah74 ge 7see ,hymn to ,adad1 l9e #d74 #bf4 dimm] mut9 ,an-na-ge -sun-na sag-mal-mal-ge ,! w9e god ( ,anu1 ! great plant-g]m9ator6 dimm] mut9 ,an-na-ge 7l9e #ac74 -sun-na 7l9e #f74 sag mal-mal-ge 7l9e #be74 #bg4 -sun gurun-gurun -sun gurun-gurun es-mu -sun gurun-gurun ,! g]m9ator ( _m fruits1 ! g]m9ator ( _m fruits1 my bro!r1 ! g]m9ator ( _m fruits6 -sun 7l9e #f74 gurun-gurun1 plural =m ( gurun 7l9e #ba74 es-mu3 es 7l9e #a74 mu 7,hymn to ,adad1 l9e #af74 #bh4 -sun a-ra-li -sun gurun-gurun es-mu -un gurun-gurun ,! g]m9ator ( ! l[] _w1 ! g]m9ator ( _m fruits1 my bro!r1 ! g]m9ator ( _m fruits6 -sun 7l9e #f74 a-ra-li has pass$ ov] into ,assyrian z arall1 8l[] _w04 a-ra-li is phonetic4 ,!re is a sign1 ,,urugal1 translat$ by arall4 ,,urugal consi/s ( ! 8enclosure0 sign conta9+ ! sign ,,gal & means 8great h\se04 -kur-be is also translat$ by arall & is equal to bt mti1 8h\se ( ! dead0 7,br4 #fbei72 m lit]ally ! mean+ is 8h\se ( ! l& ( ! dead04 -sun gurun-gurun es-mu 7l9e #bg74 #bi4 9-nu g gi gu-ga-ge tl-ta-al-ta-al mu-ib-r-r ,! vegetable g]m9ator7871 ! only plant begett]1 :o goe? =?6 9-nu might equal tibnu1 8/raw01 8vegetation0 7,br4 #dbca74 ,p]haps x w\ld be bett] to take 9-nu z a v]b mean+ 8he is ! "o :o01 9 be+ a v]bal prefix & nu ! v]bal /em 9 ! s5se ( zik>u 7,br4 #aifd71 z 9 nu-b&a 7,,msl4 #bfd74 g3 ,u ) ! value g equals ri1 8beget0 7,br4 #ejdb74 gi gu-ga-ge3 gi 7see l9e #be74 gu 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #bj74 ga answ]s z a v[el ( prolongation4 ge 7,hymn to ,adad1 l9e #d74 tl-ta-al-ta-al3 tl is ! value ( requir$ by ! phonetic gloss ta-al-ta-al4 mu-ib-r-r3 mu 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ah74 ib is a modal v]bal infix 7,,msl4 p4 ,,xxiv74 r is a value ( ,,du 7see ,hymn to ,adad1 l9e #ba1 g974 #cj4 dumu zi-ga-na ga-ni -zi-zi mu-ib-r ,! son ( life1 8 fulness 9 ! mid/ ( life goe? =?4 dumu 7,hymn to ,s91 l9e #e74 zi-ga-na3 zi 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #bc74 ga s]ves = v[el prolongation4 na is po/positional4 ga-ni3 ga 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #ab74 ni may be tak5 z ! possessive suffix ( ! ?ird p]son4 -zi-zi3 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #bb74 zi 7j expla9$74 mu-ib-r 7see l9e #bi74 #ca4 e di r-lim-ma dimm] ,dumu-zi-da-kam ,?irty l9es4 ,hymn to ,tammuz4 e3 ,g,p ) ! value e means 8?irty04 di is frequ5tly a det]m9ative be=e prop] names1 b "h seems to mean 8l9e04 r lim-ma 7see ,hymn to ,bl1 colophon74 dimm] ,dumu-zi-da-kam3 dimm] ,dumu-zi 7l9e #c74 da 7,hymn to ,bl1 l9e #d74 kam 7,hymn to ,s91 l9e #bg74 ,gloss>y ,a ,page aba #ff abba #fe abg9 #gg abdamn #ce abr #gf azaggi #ec akad #cg akazu #fb akala #gc ama #bi amnkiga #fj ana #gg ana-m #gf anzakku #eh ,annaka #gd anpadde #gh angga #dh arali #gi ,asuud #df ba #gc ma #fb me #cd #bf zu #dg ,i i #ea ibmalla #fj ide #bh izba #da im #db im9nabime #fd imdasiggi #fb immndul #fb imsi #ec ir #cc #fe d #ec ,e e #ea ebi #ed elum #cg en #ch enab #dj ,enzu #ee ,enlill #df erimna #bi erita #fi #dh galani #gc n]nugal #de ta #fi -ani #fi g #dh rra #gb ,u u #ch udda #fa ,udkibnunnage #ec ukugalla #fa ummeill #fd ummeisisi #fd ,unugka #ge ursag #gi urazu #fb sunnage #gd me-m #fh mu-egul #fh mu-ese #fh mne #bf nla #cj #fd galla #fa d #ea suddu #eb ,b ba-ediule #fc ,babb>ta #ce ,babb>u #ce bagantall #fe banbag #da b&a #fi b>aka #ge b>ru-a #fa b>tabba #fj banag #fh biaggazune #di bur #fh ,g ga #cc gaba #bi galgale #fg gannu #ca g>rani #fi gan #cf gigga #bh g9nag9na #ff gi #gi gg #fg gn #da g #hj geni #fh gugage #hj gurunnaka #gh grra #ci g #ca ,d da #dj damalra #cb damlla #cc dizuka #fe dimm] #bf dimm]r9e #ch dugdugga #fh ,dumuzi #gc d #cb d #cd ,z za #fb za-eg9 #fg zada #cg zal #cb zibb>age #ge zigazuni #dg zigi-en #ff zidazu #fh zuge #gh a-e #ci ad-a #eh amunbn5e #ci arra #fi rara #fe u-e #ci ulmal #gf lla #ej umu #df ra #ci ,k ka #da kalamma #fa kaaka #gh karabi #gf kkasage #ge kibala #fg kika #ge ku-a #gi kurkurra #bg ,l lana #cb le-a #ed lid #di limma #db lugalra #ea lu #ff ,m ma #cj ma #ed manbsi #dj m>a #ej mmn #ch mgur #dd mdim #dh me-a #da melamzu #ch ,m]ri #fd mu-ibrr #hj mu-eg9 #dj mu-edamal #cg mu-enma #ej mubi #db muduru #ea muzu #eh muba #fh muzu #fg muna #fh mulu #fd munbn5e #ci muradd #ff mut9 #gf mdna #cb ,mllilli #dj ,mllilra #dg mn #ea mnba-e-e #gh mndnaka #fc mnml #gh mnnbe-e #gg mnsimal #gf mnsugamu #gd mnrrr #fa mnubbi #gg mntilli #gh ,n nanam #gb ,nanra #gg n #fg n-a #ca nmga #da nmzuka #bd nni #cd ni #gg nimgir #ff nimme #gg n9zu #cg ,n9lil #fb niia #db n #cg nkige #ei nt5a #be nng #ej nnru #eb n5e #gh nesig #ca nla #da nu #ed ,nudimmude #eb nunuzm #cc nmti #cf ,s sagezi #dj sagmalmalge #gi sagml #cb salduggazune #ej salzi #ej siba #bh siba-e #dj sigie #gi sggazune #dg silimmni #cc su #fh sug #ed sui #ff ,p padazune #dh ,,pa,,du #gg arra #ca ,r r #ff rti-azu #di #cg zizi #hj mu #gf n #ci isunukima #de iskima #ed e #ch esmu #gi rmal #be rmllazune #dg #da -ummeti #fg ba #gg gil #db za #eb ,t tltaltal #hj ti #da te #ge tega #ff tuggim #fb tukana #gi turture #fg turturzu #fh tuena #gb ,footnotes #a;d+ir ,en-lil lugal kur-kur-ra ,en-ag-ku-an-na en ,ki-en-gi nig7,,ni7-ga ,k-ki ul-ag a-mu-na-ub 7,,obi4 ,nos4 #ij & #ib74 #b;d+ir ,n9-gir-su gud d+ir ,en-lil-l-ra ,uru-ka-gi-na lugal ir-la-pur-ki-ge -ni mu-na-ru 7,cl]cq ,,ii1 ,pl4 viii1 ,col4 ,i74 #c;,e-an-na-tum pa-te-si ir-la-ki-pur-ge mu-pad-da d+ir ,en-lil-ge 7,galet ,a1 ,col4 ,i4 ,see ,dc4 ,,xliii74 #d;,en-teme-na dumu ,en-an-na-tum 7,l9es #c & #aj4 ,see ,dc4 ,,xlvii74 #e;d+ir ,en-lil lugal kur-kur-ra ab-ba d+ir-d+ir-ru-ne-ge 7,cone ( ,entem5a1 ,col4 ,i1 #a-c4 ,see ,dc4 ,,xlvii74 #f;,en-teme-na pa-te-si ir-la-pur-ki pa sum-ma d+ir ,en-lil-l 7,cone ( ,entem5a1 ,col4 ,v1 #ai-bc4 ,see ,dc4 ,,xlvii74 #g,me-silim lugal ,k-ki-ge 7,cone ( ,entem5a1 ,col4 ,i1 #h-i4 ,see ,dc4 ,,xlvii74 #hka d+ir ,en-lil-l-ta sa-u-gal ne-u m7,,s>7-dul-tak-bi ed9-na ki-ba ni-u-u 7,cone ( ,entem5a1 ,col4 ,i1 #bh-ca4 ,see ,,raao4 ,vol4 ,,iv1 ,plate ,,ii74 #i;d+ir ,en-lil lugal kur-kur-ra ,lugal-zag-gi-si lugal ,unug-ki-ga nam-lugal kalam-ma e-na-sum-ma-a 7,,obi4 ,no4 #hg1 ,col4 ,i1 #a-d & #ci-da74 #aj;d+ir ,babb> lugal zal sig-ga-ka 7see ,dc4 ,,xxxviii1 ,fragm5t ,d1 middle ( ! ,fragm5t74 #aa7ef;b7 ,,xviii amat ga-ga-ri 7#eg7 -ap-pi-il-ma te-me-en-na ,na-rm-ilu ,s97,e7 mr ar-uk9 7#eh7 ,,iii ,m ,,ii ,c nte ma-na-ma arru a-lik ma-ri-ia la i-mu-ru 7#ei7 ilu ama belu rabu- -b>-ra 7#fj7 -kal-lim-an-ni ia-a-i 7,v ,r4 #fd1 ,col4 ,,ii74 #ab;d+ir ,en-lil-li ,en-li-ki-ta ,en-te-me-na-ra mu-na-ub 7,,obi4 ,no4 #aaf74 #ac;,en-lil-ki nu-du -kur-ra nu-dim ,unug-ki nu-du -an-na nu-dim zu-ab nu-du ,nun-ki nu-dim 7,,ct4 ,,xiii1 ,tablet #hb-e-bb1 #ajdh4 ,plate #ce1 l9es #f1 #g & #h74 #ad;ilu ar-ga-ni-ar-li mr ,itti-ilu ,bl da-num r ,a-ga-de-ki bn -kur bt ,bl 9 ,nippur-ki 7,,obi4 ,no4 #b74 #ae;ilu ,n>m-ilu ,s9 bni bt ilu ,bl 7,,obi4 #d74 #af;ilu ,bl 7,,en4,,lil7 be-el -me-e ir-i-tim -i-im i-ma-at mtim 7,,kalam7 7,col4 ,i1 #c-g4 ,see ,c4 ,plate ,i74 #ag;ilu ,bl 7,,en4,,lil7 a-bu ilni ilu ,bl 7,,en7 mtte 7,,kur4,,kur7 7,i ,r4 #i1 ,col4 ,i1 #c-d74 #ah7ba;b7 a-na arru-ut 7#bb7 mt ilu ,bli 7,,en4,,lil7 rabi-e tu-k9-na- 7,i ,r4 #i1 ,col4 ,i74 #ai7ae7 kur-gal d+ir ,en-lil-l im-ar-sag g-bi an da-ab-di-a zu-ab azag-ga-bi 7#af7 su-bi u-u-e ap9-ap9-e 7#ai7 kur-kur-ra ama ban-da ba-da n-a-dim 7#ba7 si e-ir-zi si d+ir ,babb> mul-mul-la-dim 7#bc7 mul an-na dil-bad-du i-si-i lal-a-dim 7,k4 #dhih4 ,,iv ,r4 #bg1 ,no4 #b74 #bj;be-el mtte 7,,kur4,,kur7 umi7,,mu7-u x-ta-bi a-bi ilu ,bl 7,,en4,,lil7 7,k4 #hebb4 ,rev4 #ac4 ,,ct4 ,,xiii4 ,plate #bg74 #ba7ag7 444 gi-i-ma gi-dir i-de-na-a nam-mi-ni-9-keda ilu ,m>duk a-ma-am ina pa-an me-e ir-ku-u 7#ah7 saar-ra ni-m-a ki a-dag nam-mi-9-dub e-pi-ri ib-ni-ma x-ti a-mi i-pu-uk 7#bj7 nam-l-gigal-lu ba-ru a-me-lu-ti ib-ta-ni 7#bb7 bir-anu nig-zi-gal ed9-na ba-ru bu-ul ri i-k9 na-pi-ti ina i-e-ri ib-ta-ni 7#bc7 d ,idigna d ,puranunu me-dim ki g>-ra-dim ,diglat ,puratta ib-ni-ma ina a-ri i-ku-un 7#bd7 mu-ne-ne-a nam-duga mi-ni-9-s-a um-i-na a-bi im-bi 7,tablet #hb-e-bb1 #ajdh4 ,,ct4 ,,xiii4 ,plate #cf74 #bb7dg7 dimm] ,mu-ul-lil-l-ra id-kal 7#dh7 su-zi me-lam gur-ru ud al-t> 7#di7 im-u ri-a-bi 7#eb7 u dimm] ,,dun4,,pa4,,ud4,,du4,a-ra id-kal 7#ec7 nam-t> gu-la im-u ri-a-bi 7#ef7 mu-lu ll a-a damal mu-na id-kal 7#eh7 sa--u-gal ki bal-a u-u 7#fj7 u ur-sag gal-e id-kal 7#fa7 gi gur-ru mulu rm-ma u-u 7#fb7 azag gaan ,en-lil-ki-a-ra id-kal 7#fc7 am i ka-nag-g ma-su ki-9-gi-ra 7,k4 #dihj4 ,,iv ,r4 #bg1 ,no4 #d74 #bc7;,col4 ,,xli1 #ii7 a-m7,,pi7-tu--a na-a-ga 7,col4 ,,xlii1 #ah7 um-ma a-m7,,pi7-lum 7#ai7 a-m7,,pi7-ti-ia 7#bb7 la i-gul--ma 7#ec7 ilu ,bl 7,,en4,,lil7 be-lum 7#ed7 mu-i-im i-ma-tim 7#ee7 ki-b7,,ne7-zu 7#ef7 la ut-ta-ka-ru 7#eg7 mu-ar-bu- 7#eh7 ar-ru-ti-ia 7#fb7 i-na -ub-ti- 7#fc7 li--ab-bi-a-a-um 7,col4 ,,xliii1 #da7 ilu ,s9 7,,en4,,zu7 be-el -me-e 7#db7 ilum7,,an7 ba-ni-i 7#dc7 e-ri-zu 7#dd7 i-na ili7,,ni4,,ni7 -pa-a-al 7#de7 agm kussm ar-ru-tim 7#df7 li-te-ir- 7,c4 ,plates ,,lxxvi1 ,,lxxvii & ,,lxxix74 #bd7;,col4 ,,xlii1 #ah;a7 um-ma a-m7,,pi7-lum 7#ai7 a-m7,,pi7-ti-ia 7#bb7 la i-gul-ma 7,col4 ,,xliii1 #fd7 ilu ,adad be-el gallim 7#fe7 gu-gal -me-e 7#ff7 ir-i-tim 7#fg7 ri-zu--a 7#fh7 zu-ni i-na -me-e 7#fi7 mi-lam 7#gj7 i-na na-a-bi-im 7#ga7 li-te-ir- 7#gb7 ma-zu 7#gc7 i-na u--a-i-im 7#gd7 bu-bu-tim 7#ge7 li-al-li-i 7#gf7 e-li ali- 7#gg7 iz-zi-i 7#gh7 li-is-si-ma 7#gi7 ma-zu a-na til a-bu-bi-im 7#hj7 li-te-ir 7,c4 ,plates ,,lxxvi1 ,,lxxix & ,,lxxx74 #be7;,col4 ,,vii1 #ge;b7 libnti al-bi-9 7#gf7 a-ar-su -mi-si 7#gg7 dan-na-su ak-ud u-e-e- 7#gh7 i-na eli ki-ir adi-i dan-ni ad-di 7#gi7 a-ra -a-tu a-na si-ir-ti- 7#hj7 i-na libnti ki-ma ka-nu-ni a-pu-uk 7#ha7 ,l ti-ip-ki a-na -pa-li 7#hb7 -i-bi i-na mu-i- 7#hc7 u-e bt ilu ,a-nim ilu ,ramman 7#hd7 bu-u-li ad-di 7#he7 i-tu u-e- a-di ta-lu-bi- 7#hf7 e-bu-u eli ma-ri-e ut-tir 7#hg7 ,,ii si-ur-ra-te rabu-te 7#hh7 a-na si-mat ilu-ti--nu rabi-te 7#hi7 -lu-ka lu- ab-ni-ma 7,i ,r4 #ae74 #bf7;,col4 ,,viii1 #bc7 ilu ,a-nim ilu ,rammnu 7#bd7 ki-ni li-si-ru-ni-ma 7#be7 ni-i a-ti-ia li-ra-mu 7#bf7 te-me-i i-ri-be-ia li-me- 7#bg7 zu--ni da-a-du-te -na-at 7#bh7 nu-u-e b>-ri-e a-na pali-ia 7#bi7 li-ru-ku 7,i ,r4 #af74 #bg7;,col4 ,i1 #de7 ilu ,rammnu zunni-u -ma-i-ra ilu -a -pa-i-ra nabu-u 7#df7 anu ana ammatu e-am i-u ina abeni-u 7#dg7 e-ri-ik -bul-tu p>ab ana ammatu 7#dh;a7 iir eburu 7#ej7 -um-mu-a 9-bu 7,v ,r4 #a74 #bh7ch;b7 ilu ,rammnu i-na ri-i-i 7#ci7 li-mu-ti li-ir-i-su a-bu-bu 7#dj7 aru limnu sa-a-ma-a-tu te-- 7#da7 a-am--tu su-un-u bu-bu-tu 7#db7 a-ru-ur-tu u--u i-na mti- lu ka-ia-an mti-u a-bu-bi-i lu-u-ba-i 7#dc7 a-na tili u k>-mi lu-ti-ir ilu ,rammnu i-na be-ri- li-mu-ti mti-u li-ib-ri 7,,iv ,r4 #ci1 ,rev474 #bi7i;b7 an mu-un-da-r-r 7#aj7 be-lum ina a-ga-gi-u a-mu- i-ta-na-ar-ra-ru- 7#aa7 dimm] ,m] ur-ra-na ki i-9-ga-bul-bul 7#ab7 ilu ,rammnu ina e-zi-zi-u ir-i-tum i-na-z-su 7#ac7 ar-sag gal-gal-e -ka-a ba-an-na-u-e 7#ad7 a-du- ra-bu-tu su-u-u-pu-u 7#ae7 ib-ba-bi-ta ur-ra-bi-ta 7#af7 a-na a-ga-gi-u a-na e-zi-zi-u 7#ag7 787-ge-bi-ta ar-du-bi-ta 7#ah7 a-na -gi-mi-u a-na ra-mi-mi-u 7#ai7 dim-me-ir an-na-ge an-na ba-an-dul-du-ne 7#bj7 ilni a a-me-e a-na am-e i-te-lu-u 7#ba7 dim-me-ir ki-ge ki-a ba-an-bl-ne-e 7#bb7 ilni a ir-i-tim a-na ir-i-tim i-te-ir-bu 7#bc7 dimm] ,babb> an r-ra ba-da-u-u-ru 7#bd7 ina i-id ame-e i-te-ru-ub 7#be7 dimm] ,si-ki an pa- ba-da-kab> 7#bf7 ina e-lat ame-e ir-ta-bi 7,,iv ,r4 #bh1 #b74 #cj7df7 a-na ilu ,dumu-zi a-mi-ri u-u-ri-ti-ki 7#dg7 at-ta a-na at-ti bi-tak-ka-a tal-ti-mi-u 7,,bn4 ,tafel ,,vi74 #ca7bc7 il-lak i-lak ana i-rat ir-i-tim 7#be7 u-ta-b>-ri ilu ama ir-ta-bi-u ana ir-i-tim mi-tu-ti 7#bg7 ni-iz-za-tu ma-li i-na -um im-u-tu-ma ina i-dir-tim 7,,iv ,r4 #cj1 #b74 #cb7di7 tam-a-i--ma kap-pa- tal-te-bir 7#ej7 iz-za-az ina i-a-tim i-is-si kap-pi 7,,bn4 ,tafel ,,vi74 #cc7ea7 ta-ra-mi-ma nu ga-mi-ir e-mu-ki 7#eb7 #g u #g tu-u-t>-ri-i-u -ut-ta-a-ti 7,,bn4 ,tafel ,,vi74 #cd7dg7 a-na ilu ,dumu-zi a-mir i-i-ru-ti-a 7#dh7 m il-lu-ti ra-am-me-ik amnu bu 7f ,it>'s ,desc5t into ,hades4 ,k4 #afb4 ,rev]se4 ,,ct4 ,,xv1 ,plate #dg4 ,also ,,iv ,r4 #ca74 #ce7ee7 a-i e-du la ta-ab-bil-an-ni 7f ,it>'s ,desc5t into ,hades4 ,k4 #afb4 ,rev]se4 ,,ct4 ,,xv1 ,plate #dg4 ,also ,,iv ,r4 #ca74 #cf7ef7 ina -me ilu ,dumu-zi el-la-an-ni malil abnu uni abnu smti x-ti-u el-la-an-ni 7#eg7 x-ti-u el-la-an-ni amelu ,r 7,a4,i7 pl4 u z9nitu ,r 7,a4,i7 pl4 ,a4,i 7#eh7 mituti li-lu-nim-ma u-ri-9 li-i-i-nu 7f ,it>'s ,desc5t into ,hades4 ,k4 #afb4 ,rev]se4 ,,ct4 ,,xv1 ,plate #dg4 ,also ,,iv ,r4 #ca74 #cg7b7 a-na a-me-e i-na e-li- a-na ba-ab ilu ,a-ni i-na e-e- 7#c7 i-na ba-a-bu ilu ,a-ni ilu ,dumu-zi ilu ,gi-zi-da iz-za-az-zu 7f ! ,leg5d ( ,adapa & ! ,s\? ,w9d4 ,,tea4 ,vol4 ,,iii1 #bdj4 ,rev474 ,transcrib]'s ,notes --,?is e,book 0 prep>$ f a facsimile ( ! edition publi%$ by ! ,,am ,,press1 ,,inc41 ,new ,york1 #aiff4 --,a few typographical errors or inconsi/5t spell+s 7 correct$4 --,an orig9al cov] image 0 produc$1 = unre/rict$ di/ribution ) ?is ,di/ribut$-,pro(read]s e,book4 --,9 ! text v]sion only1 delimit$ italiciz$ text )9 und]scores4 --,9 ! text v]sion only1 det]m9atives 7words pr9t$ 9 sup]script7 are prec$$ by a c>et 77 "*4