,illu/ration3 ,,vic> ,,moses4 ,modell$ by ,,ralph ,,wood4 ,ab\t #agej4 ,m>k$ ,r4 ,,wood1 ,,burslem4 ,at ,briti% ,museum4 ,,*ats ,,on ,,old ,,e>!nw>e ,,by ,,ar?ur ,,hayd5 ,,au?or ,,( ,,*ats ,,on ,,old ,,*9a1 ,,*ats ,,on ,,old ,,pr9ts1 ,,etc4 ,,) ,a ,,col\r$ ,,frontispiece ,,& #aej ,,illu/rations1 ,,& ,,tables ,,( ,,ov] #bjj ,,illu/rat$ ,,m>ks ,,new ,,york ,,fr$]ick ,a4 ,,/okes ,,company ,,publi%]s #aiji 7,all rights res]v$47 ,,to ,,my ,,old ,,fri5d ,,walt] ,,eassie ,,^: ,,f9e ,,en?usiasm ,,has ,,be5 ,a ,,/imulant1 ,,& ,,^: ,,ev]-,,ready ,,help ,,has ,,add$ ,,_m ,,arti/ic ,,t\*es ,,to ,,?is ,,volume4 ,,preface ,five ye>s h n[ elaps$ s9ce ! publication ( my volume1 ,*ats on ,engli% ,*9a1 & 9 ! int]val a great numb] ( read]s h writt5 to me sugge/+ t ,i %\ld write a companion volume deal+ ) old ,engli% e>!nw>e4 ,x is my hope t ?is complem5t>y volume w prove ( equal value to t l>ge class ( collectors :o desire to "k m ab\t _! hobby b are fe>ful to pursue ! subject fur!r )\t special guidance4 ,x is a matt] = congratulation 9 ^! days1 :5 s _m books h only a %ort life = "o season1 to "k t1 ow+ to ! ent]prise ( my publi%] 9 mak+ ! ,*ats ,s]ies = collectors s widely kn[n1 ! volume deal+ ) old ,engli% ,*9a /ill reta9s its vitality1 & holds its place z a popul> guide to collect+ ) pr(it4 ,z f> z is possible 9 ! limits ( ?is volume1 ! subject ( old ,engli% e>!nw>e has be5 dealt ) 9 ord] to %[ h[ peculi>ly national ! productions ( ! pott] h be54 ,! collection ( old ,engli% e>!nw>e1 9 ! ma91 is /ill )9 ! rea* ( ^? :o h sl5d] purses4 ,engli% *9a dur+ ! la/ decade has rea*$ prohibitive prices1 & !re is e likelihood t old ,engli% e>!nw>e w 9 ! ne> future become ( unprec$5t$ value4 ,i h c>efully refra9$ f conf9+ my treatm5t ( ! subject to r>e museum examples :i* are unlikely to come "u ! h& ( ! av]age collector4 ,x is necess>y to h ! ideal 9 view1 b x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t su* specim5s mu/ always be ideal to ! l>g] numb] ( collectors4 ,i h1 !re=e1 )\t belittl+ ! old pott]s' art1 giv5 consid]able att5tion to ! gold5 mean 9 ! realm ( old e>!nw>e to be collect$4 ,! two volumes--,*ats on ,engli% ,*9a1 :i* ma9ly consi/s ( an outl9e hi/ory ( ,engli% *9a1 ) h9ts z to its collection1 & ! pres5t volume1 ,*ats on ,engli% ,e>!nw>e1 ) a fai?ful rsum ( ! "w ( ! old ,engli% pott]s--toge!r =m a record ( :at has be5 done by ! pott] 9 ,engl&1 & are int5d$ to be practical work+ h&books = ! collector ( old ,engli% *9a & ,engli% e>!nw>e4 ,! illu/rations 9 ?is volume h be5 c>efully *os5 to illu/rate ! lett]press1 & to enable read]s to id5tify specim5s t may come "u _! obs]vation4 ,li/s ( ,prices accompany ! v>i\s sections :5ev] x has be5 ?\ght t !y may be ( practical value4 ,i am indebt$ = ! accuracy ( ^! prices to t useful & au?oritative qu>t]ly publication1 ,auction ,sale ,prices1 :i* is a supplem5t to ! ,connoisseur1 & =ms ! /&>d record 9 ! collectors' _w ( ! prices realis$ at auction4 ,a ,bibliography ( works on ! subject has be5 giv51 9 ord] t ^? :o may wi% to delve deep] may consult special volumes deal+ 9 detail ) special sub-heads ( old e>!nw>e4 ,i mu/ "h record my ?anks = ! g5]\s aid ,i h receiv$ f possessors ( f9e examples :o h will+ly plac$ _! treasures at my disposal1 & by s do+ h enabl$ me to pres5t !m z illu/rations 9 ?is volume4 ,to ,colonel & ,mrs4 ,dickson ,i am especially indebt$ = _m specim5s f _! int]e/+ collection4 ,miss ,feild5 has be5 good en\gh to select "s typical examples f h] f9e collection ( old e>!nw>e ( exceptional int]e/1 & !y are "h reproduc$ by h] c\rtesy1 & to ,mr4 ,ri*>d ,wilson ,i owe my gratitude = k9dly all[+ illu/rations ( "s examples ( ,le$s cream-w>e f 8 rem>kable collection4 ,mr4 ,rob]t ,bruce ,wallis1 ) f9e en?usiasm1 has sp>$ no tr\ble to enable me to pres5t "s ( 8 r>e examples1 & ,mrs4 ,h]man ,lieb/e9 has k9dly suppli$ "s f9e pieces f h] collection4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,g4 ,honey has also k9dly contribut$ sev]al excell5t illu/rations ( specim5s 9 8 collection4 ,! illu/rations ( specim5s 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum are reproduc$ by p]mission ( ! ,bo>d ( ,education1 & simil> p]mission has be5 accord$ me by ! au?orities ( ! ,briti% ,museum to illu/rate "s ( ! r>e examples 9 t collection4 ,by a l c\rtesy ,i am enabl$ to give an illu/ration ( an exceptional piece ( m>k$ ,w9canton ,delft1 & "s o!r examples f ! collection at ! ,royal ,scotti% ,museum1 ,ed9burgh4 ,messrs4 ,josiah ,w$gwood & ,sons1 ( ,etruria h af=d$ me ! pleasure ( illu/rat+ "s f9e specim5s 9 _! museum1 includ+ examples ( ! celebrat$ s]vice made = ! ,empress ,ca!r9e ,,ii4 ( ,russia4 ,i am especially indebt$ to _! c\rtesy 9 giv+ me facilities = ! reproduction ( a f9e s]ies ( photographs %[+ ! v>i\s /ages 9 ! manufacture ( e>!nw>e1 :i* illu/rations %\ld be ( practical advantage to ! /ud5t & ( no little int]e/ to ! g5]al collector4 ,x %\ld be m5tion$ t ^! illu/rations h be5 specially select$ to repres5t ! /ages ?r\gh :i* a piece ( old e>!nw>e pass$ 9 ! h&s ( ! ,/af=d%ire pott]s4 ,9 reg>d to ! illu/rations ( ! r>e examples ( ,le$s & o!r pieces decorat$ at ,l[e/(t1 & = ! late/ details kn[n ( ?is class ( w>e1 ,i h to ackn[l$ge ! p>ticul> k9dness ( ,mr4 ,m]r+ton ,smi?1 f9e art exp]t ( ,l[e/(t1 :o is kn[n 9 connection ) ! excavations conduct$ a few ye>s ago on ! site ( ! old ,l[e/(t *9a factory1 & ^: detail$ rese>* reg>d+ t factory has dissipat$ _m errone\s !ories & ?r[n s mu* light on its hi/ory & a*ievem5ts4 ,to ,mr4 ,rudd1 f9e art deal] ( ,s\?ampton1 ,i am indebt$ = a consid]able fund ( in=mation relat+ to "s ( ! exceptional examples ( old ,engli% e>!nw>e :i* h pass$ ?r\gh 8 h&s1 & ,i am "u a simil> obligation to ,mr4 ,s4 ,g4 ,f5ton1 :o has contribut$ "s f9e pieces z illu/rations to ?is volume4 ,mr4 ,james ,davies1 ( ,*e/]1 has giv5 me access to 8 collection1 & has add$ "s f9e examples :i* are "h includ$ z illu/rations4 ,mr4 ,f4 ,w4 ,phillips1 ( ,hit*91 has f 8 f9e collection made a g5]\s selection ( notewor?y specim5s4 ,mr4 ,a4 ,duncan1 ( ,p5>?1 has includ$ photographs ( "s especially f9e ,swansea w>e4 ,by ! k9dness ( ,mr4 ,hub]t ,g\ld1 ,i am reproduc+ "s typical examples ( transf]-pr9t$ jugs f 8 collection ( old e>!nw>e4 ,to o!r fri5ds :o h g5]\sly =borne ) my inquiries1 & l5t me _! practical aid 9 v>i\s directions 9 assi/+ me to prosecute my rese>*es 9 attempt+ to arrive at def9ite conclusions 9 reg>d to po9ts n hi!rto det]m9$1 ,i t5d] my w>m appreciation ( _! k9dness4 ,i may say1 9 conclusion1 t a good photograph] is a treasure1 & no tr\ble has be5 sp>$ by ,mr4 ,a4 ,e4 ,smi?1 ! well-kn[n art photograph]1 to r5d] difficult subjects pictorially attractive 9 conditions exceptionally detrim5tal to 8 art4 ,,ar?ur ,,hayd54 ,m>*1 #aiji4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,preface #i ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations #ag ,,bibliography #bc ,,gloss>y ,,( ,,t]ms ,,us$ #bg ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,collect3 ,a ,,*apt] ,,= ,,beg9n]s #cc ,,ii4 ,,e>ly ,,w>e #hc ,,iii4 ,,engli% ,,delft #aja ,,iv4 ,,/onew>e #acc ,v4 ,,e>ly ,,/af=d%ire ,,w>e--,,?omas ,,:ieldon2 ,,8 ,,contempor>ies ,,& ,,successors #aei ,,vi4 ,,salt-,,glaz$ ,,w>e1 ,,/af=d%ire #aie ,,vii4 ,,josiah ,,w$gwood #bba ,,viii4 ,,! ,,s*ool ,,( ,,w$gwood #beg ,,ix4 ,,le$s ,,& ,,o!r ,,factories #bhg ,x4 ,,transf]-,,pr9t$ ,,w>e #cag ,,xi4 ,,/af=d%ire ,,figures #cec ,,xii4 ,,swansea ,,& ,,o!r ,,factories #cie ,,xiii4 ,,lu/re ,,w>e #dbc ,,xiv4 ,,late ,,/af=d%ire ,,w>e #ddc ,,index #dhe ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,frontispiece4 ,/af=d%ire ,gr\p1 ,vic> & ,moses4 ,modell$ by ,ralph ,wood ab\t #agej4 ,m>k$ ,r4 ,,wood1 ,,burslem4 ,at ,briti% ,museum4 ,,page ,,*apt] ,i4--,,h[ ,,to ,,collect4 ,ext]ior ( ,works1 ,etruria #cg ,a ,corn] ( ,old ,etruria ,works #da ,mill = ,gr9d+ ,raw ,mat]ials #de ,! ,?r[] 7%[+ ! ,pott]'s ,:eel7 #di ,! ,ov5 #ec ,! ,dipp+ ,h\se #eg ,! ,enamel ,kiln #fa ,,*apt] ,,ii4--,,e>ly ,,w>e4 ,m$ival ,tiles #he ,t(t ,di%1 dat$ #afga2 ,posset ,pot1 dat$ #afhe #hi ,e>!nw>e ,jug 7late #ag? c5tury7 #ic ,,*apt] ,,iii4--,,engli% ,,delft4 ,lambe? ,delft ,j> 7) ,arms ( ,apo!c>ies' ,company7 #ajc ,lambe? ,delft ,sack ,bottle1 dat$ #afeb #ajg ,bri/ol ,delft ,plate1 repres5t+ ,balloon ,asc5t #ajg ,lambe? ,delft ,c&le/ick1 dat$ #afdh #aaa ,old ,dut* ,brass ,c&le/ick #aaa ,bri/ol ,delft ,plate & ,b[l #aae ,bri/ol ,delft ,di%1 dat$ #agdj #aai ,title-page & ,illu/ration1 f volume dat$ #afch #abc ,w9canton ,delft ,di% #abg ,,*apt] ,,iv4--,,/onew>e4 ,/onew>e ,jugs1 ,bell>m9e & o!r =ms #ace ,dwight ,bu/ ( ,james ,,ii41 & ,figures ( ,*ildr5 ,read+ #aci ,el]s ,c(fee ,pot1 ,mug1 & ,teapot #adc ,a/bury ,teapots #adi ,fulham ,/onew>e ,mug 7dat$ #agbe7 & ,jug #aec ,,*apt] ,v4--,,e>ly ,,/af=d%ire ,,w>e4 ,:ieldon ,w>e ,caulifl[] ,teapot #afa ,tortoise%ell ,w>e ,plate #afa ,tortoise%ell ,w>e ,teapot & ,b[l & ,cov] #afg ,gr\p ( ,a/bury ,w>e #aga ,agate ,cat & ,salt-glaz$ ,be> ,jug #aga ,:ieldon ,tortoise%ell ,animals #age ,:ieldon ,gr\p4 ,/4 ,george & ! ,dragon #age ,:ieldon ,toby ,jugs #agi ,gr\ps ( ,e>ly ,/af=d%ire ,jugs #ahc ,e>ly ,/af=d%ire ,jugs #ahi ,,*apt] ,,vi4--,,salt-,,glaz$ ,,w>e1 ,,/af=d%ire4 ,salt-glaz$ ,teapots4 ,he>t-%ap$ 7,lov]s'7 & ,camel #aig ,gr\p ( ,salt-glaz$ ,w>e #bja ,salt-glaz$ ,teapot enamell$ 9 col\rs #bje ,salt-glaz$ ,vase & ,pun* ,b[l enamell$ 9 col\rs #bji ,salt-glaz$ ,jug enamell$ 9 col\rs #bac ,,*apt] ,,vii4--,,josiah ,,w$gwood4 ,cream ,w>e ,dess]t ,basket & ,c5tre-piece #bbe ,ca!r9e ,,ii4 ( ,russia ,s]vice--,cream ,w>e ,plates #bcc ,bu/s ( ,r\sseau & ,voltaire #bcc ,black ,basalt ,teapot & ,jasp] ,w>e ,tea ,set #bda ,jasp] ,vase--,! ,apo!osis ( ,virgil #bde ,,*apt] ,,viii4--,,! ,,s*ool ,,( ,,w$gwood4 ,turn] ,jasp] ,vase--,diana 9 h] ,*>iot #bfa ,adams ,blue & ,:ite ,jasp] ,vase #bfa ,turn] ,/onew>e ,teapot & ,jug #bfg ,black ,basalt ,teapots by ,bir* & by ,e4 ,may] #bga ,/onew>e ,jugs by ,spode & by ,dav5port #bgg ,black ,basalt ,teapot 7e>ly #ai? c5tury7 #bgg ,,*apt] ,,ix4--,,le$s ,,& ,,o!r ,,factories4 ,le$s ,cream ,w>e ,c5tre-pieces #bia ,le$s ,cream ,w>e ,gr\p4 ,basket1 ,c&le/icks1 c4 #bie ,mug & ,jug4 ,le$s ,cream ,w>e1 decorat$ at ,l[e/(t #bii ,le$s ,cream ,w>e ,plate & ,mug #cjc ,/af=d%ire ,jug1 decorat$ at ,l[e/(t #cjc ,rock+ham ,teapot #cjg ,ca/le=d ,jug--,black ,basalt #cjg ,,*apt] ,x4--,,transf]-,,pr9t$ ,,w>e4 ,salt-glaz$ ,plate--,h]cules & ! ,waggon] #cai ,transf]-pr9t$ ,jug--,diana 9 h] ,*>iot #cai ,transf]-pr9t$ ,jugs--,duke ( ,york & ,success to ,trade #cbc ,gr\p ( ,*9ese ,blue & ,:ite ,porcela9 ,plates #cbg ,spode ,"u-glaze ,blue-pr9t$ ,plate & ,jug #cca ,turn] ,di% ) ,blue-pr9t$ ,will[ patt]n #cca ,spode ,blue-pr9t$ ,w>e1 ,t[] patt]n #cce ,blue-pr9t$ ,di%es by ,rog]s & ,adams #cda ,blue-pr9t$ ,di%es--"o ) ,claude l&scape #cde ,,*apt] ,,xi4--,,/af=d%ire ,,figures4 ,salt-glaze ,figure & ,figure ( ,cock m>k$ ,r4 ,,wood #cea ,diana & ,gr\p1 ,bir? ( ,v5us #cee ,gr\p ( ,/af=d%ire ,figures 7,,neale ,,co47 #cee ,eloqu5ce1 or ,/4 ,paul ,prea*+ at ,a!ns #cei ,gr\p ,bac*us & ,ariadne1 & ,figures ( ,v5us & ,adonis #cfc ,bu/s ( ,bonap>te & ,alex&] ( ,russia #cfg ,figures ( ,fal/aff #cga ,/af=d%ire ,figure decorat$ by ,absalon1 ,y>m\? #cge ,/af=d%ire ,figures ( ,musicians 7v>i\s7 #cgi ,gr\p ( ,toby ,jugs #chc ,cupid & ,figures ( ,fl[] ,boys #chg ,figures ( ,fi%wife & ,"m ,goose #cia ,,*apt] ,,xii4--,,swansea ,,& ,,o!r ,,factories4 ,swansea ,plates & ,swansea ,bulb-pots #cig ,cambrian ,vase1 pa9t$ by ,p>doe #dja ,swansea ,jug1 pa9t$ by ,evans #dja ,swansea ,transf]-pr9t$ ,w>e1 ,gr\p ( #dje ,dillwyn's ,etruscan ,w>e1 ,vase & ,tazza #dje ,portl& ,vase 9 ,r$ ,w>e 7,islewor?7 #dji ,liv]pool ,plate & ,f9ely ,pa9t$ ,mug #dji ,br[n ,/onew>e ,jugs 7,islewor?7 #dac ,,*apt] ,,xiii4--,,lu/re ,,w>e4 ,lu/re ,goblets & ,gold ,lu/re ,mugs #dbe ,silv] ,lu/re ,figures by ,wood & ,caldwell #dca ,silv] ,lu/re ,jugs #dca ,copp] ,lu/re ,mug & ,gr\p ( ,copp] ,lu/re ,w>e #dcg ,,*apt] ,,xiv4--,,late ,,/af=d%ire ,,w>e4 ,dess]t ,plates & ,dess]t ,di% 7,mason's ,pat5t ,iron/one ,*9a7 #ddg ,granite ,*9a ,vase1 m>k$ ,c ,j ,m ,co4 #dea ,transf]-pr9t$ ,plates 7,c4 ,meigh ,son7 #dee ,set ( ,/af=d%ire ,e>!nw>e ,vases1 ri*ly decorat$ #dee ,gr\p ( ,nelson ,jugs #dei ,transf]-pr9t$ ,plate 9 ,col\rs1 subject--,/eam ,c>riage #dfc ,old ,pr9t1 ,new ,/eam ,coa*1 dat$ #ahbg #dfc ,transf]-pr9t$ ,jug1 repres5t+ ,/eph5son's ,rocket #dfg ,cyd] ,mug1 ,transf]-pr9t$1 repres5t+ ,railway ,tra9 #dfg ,d\lton ,/onew>e ,jug1 ) ,bac*analian subject #dga ,,bibliography ,,g5]al4 ,catalogue ( ,briti% ,pott]y & ,porcela94 ,by ,t4 ,reeks & ,f4 ,w4 ,rudl]4 #ahgf4 7,out ( pr9t477,=m]ly 9 ! ,museum ( ,practical ,geology1 ,j]myn ,/reet47 ,m>ks & ,monograms on ,pott]y & ,porcela94 ,by ,w4 ,*aff]s4 #ab? ,edition4 #aijh4 ,c]amic ,art ( ,great ,brita94 ,by ,llewellyn ,jewitt4 #b vols4 #ahgh4 #bnd ,edition4 #a vol4 #ahhc4 ,engli% ,e>!nw>e 7made dur+ ! #ag? & #ah? c5turies74 ,by ,pr(essor ,a4 ,h4 ,*ur*1 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 #aije4 ,hi/ory ( ,pott]y & ,porcela94 ,by ,j4 ,m>ryat4 #aheg4 ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,e>!nw>e & ,/onew>e 7to ! beg9n+ ( ! #ai? c5tury74 ,by ,william ,burton1 ,f4 ,c4 ,s4 7,cassell ,co47 #aijd4 ,catalogue ( ,briti% ,pott]y1 c41 at ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,by ,r4 ,l4 ,hobson4 #aijc4 ,art ( ! ,old ,engli% ,pott]4 ,by ,m4 ,l4 ,solon4 ,folio4 #bnd ,edition4 #ahhe4 ,old ,engli% ,pott]y4 ,by ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,frank ,free?4 7,morgan1 ,?ompson1 ,jamison47 #b #abs4 #f;d4 net4 ,catalogue ( ,pott]y & ,porcela94 7,willett ,collection1 at ,brighton ,museum47 #aije4 ,pott]y & ,porcela94 ,a ,guide to ,collectors4 ,f4 ,lit*field4 #aijj4 ,engli% ,pott]y & ,porcela94 ,by ,e4 ,a4 ,d[nman4 #ahif4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,/af=d%ire ,pott]ies4 ,by ,s4 ,%aw4 7,hanley47 #ahbi4 ,reissue by ! ,pott]y ,gazette4 #aijj4 ,! ,*emi/ry ( ,pott]y4 ,by ,s4 ,%aw4 7,london47 #ahcg4 ,reissue by ! ,pott]y ,gazette4 #aijj4 ,catalogue ( ,engli% ,pott]y & ,porcela94 7,alex&ra ,palace47 ,by ,r4 ,h4 ,sod5 ,smi?4 ,de/roy$ by fire4 #ahgc4 ,transf] ,pr9t+ on ,enamels1 ,porcela91 & ,pott]y4 ,by ,william ,turn]4 #aijg4 ,examples ( ,e>ly ,engli% ,pott]y4 ,by ,j4 ,e4 ,hodgk9 & ,e4 ,hodgk94 #ahia4 ,/af=d%ire ,pots & ,pott]s4 ,by ,g4 ,w4 ,rhead & ,f4 ,a4 ,rhead4 #aijf4 ,catalogue ( a ,collection ( ,engli% ,pott]y ,figures deposit$ on loan by ,messrs4 ,frank ,falkn] & ,e4 ,j4 ,sidebo?am at ! ,royal ,museum1 ,peel ,p>k1 ,sal=d4 7,man*e/]47 #aijf4 ,*ats on ,engli% ,*9a4 ,by ,ar?ur ,hayd54 7,t4 ,fi%] ,unw947 #d? ,edition4 #aiji4 7,! conclud+ *apt]s conta9 an outl9e hi/ory ( ,engli% ,e>!nw>e47 ,,p>ticul>4 ,/af=d%ire4 ,pre-,w$gwood ,engli% ,pott]y4 7,solon ,collection47 ,connoisseur1 ,decemb]1 #aija2 ,febru>y1 #aijb4 ,william ,adams1 an old ,engli% ,pott]4 ,edit$ by ,w4 ,turn]4 #aijd4 ,josiah ,w$gwood4 ,by ,miss ,e4 ,metey>d4 #b vols4 #ahfe-f4 ,w$gwood & 8 ,works4 ,by ,miss ,e4 ,metey>d4 #ahgc4 ,memorials ( ,w$gwood4 ,by ,miss ,e4 ,metey>d4 #ahgd4 ,! ,w$gwood ,h&book4 ,by ,miss ,e4 ,metey>d4 #ahge4 ,josiah ,w$gwood1 ,ma/] ,pott]4 ,by ,pr(essor ,a4 ,h4 ,*ur*4 #aijc4 ,old ,w$gwood 7#agfj-agie74 ,by ,f4 ,ra?bone4 ,folio2 #fe plates 9 col\r4 #ahif4 ,catalogue ( ,loan ,collection ( ,w$gwood ,w>e1 ,liv]pool ,art ,club4 7,liv]pool47 #ahgi4 ,josiah ,w$gwood4 ,by ,llewellyn ,jewitt4 #ahfe4 ,h&book to ! ,tangye ,collection ( ,w$gwood ,w>e4 7,birm+ham47 ,by ,f4 ,ra?bone4 #ahhe4 ,w$gwood1 ,josiah--8 ,catalogue ( ,cameos1 ,intaglios1 ,bas-reliefs1 ,bu/s1 & ,small ,/atues1 ) a ,g5]al ,acc\nt ( ,tablets1 ,vases1 ,escritoires1 & o!r ,ornam5tal & ,useful ,articles4 7,london47 #aghg4 ,w$gwood1 ,josiah--8 ,catalogue 7z above74 ,edit$ by ,miss ,e4 ,metey>d4 #ahgc4 ,john ,wesley ,bu/s 9 ,/af=d%ire ,pott]y4 ,by ,c4 ,s4 ,s>gisson4 ,connoisseur1 ,septemb]1 #aijg4 ,catalogue ( ! ,museum at ! ,etruria ,works1 ,messrs4 ,josiah ,w$gwood ,sons1 ,ltd4 ,by ,fr$]ick ,ra?bone4 #aiji47,mr4 ,ra?bone has arrang$ ! collection ( ,flaxman's designs1 ,w$gwood's orig9al patt]n models & exp]im5tal trials47 ,bri/ol4 ,two ,c5turies ( ,c]amic ,art 9 ,bri/ol4 ,by ,h4 ,ow54 #ahgc4 ,d]by4 ,! ,pott]y & ,porcela9 ( ,d]by%ire4 ,by ,a4 ,wallis & ,w4 ,bemrose4 #ahgj4 ,liv]pool4 ,! ,art ( ,pott]y1 ) a ,hi/ory ( its ,progress 9 ,liv]pool4 ,by ,j4 ,may]4 7,liv]pool47 #ahgc4 ,! ,liv]pool ,pott]ies4 ,by ,c4 ,t4 ,gatty4 7,liv]pool47 #ahhb4 ,le$s4 ,old ,le$s ,pott]y4 ,by ,j4 ,r4 & ,f4 ,kidson4 7,le$s47 #ahib4 ,catalogue ( ,exhibition ( ,works ( ,art 9 ! ,c>twright ,memorial ,hall1 ,brad=d4 #aijd4 ,old ,le$s ,w>e4 ,by ,h5ry ,b4 ,wilson4 ,connoisseur1 #aijd4 ,swansea4 ,! ,c]amics ( ,swansea & ,nantg>w4 ,by ,william ,turn]4 ,,gloss>y ,agate ,w>e4--,e>!nw>e made ei!r solid or 9 surface decoration to resemble ! ve9+s ( agate & o!r natural /ones4 ,! solid agate w>e is produc$ by lay]s ( diff]5t col\r$ clays be+ twi/$ toge!r & cut transv]sely4 ,! surface agate w>e is spla%$ & gra9$ decoration on an ord9>y cream body4 ,a/bury ,w>e4--,a g5]ic t]m appli$ to specim5s 9 ! mann] ( ! ,a/burys1 ) rais$ floral decoration ( :ite on a r$ unglaz$ body4 ,basalt4--,black ,basalt1 or ,egyptian w>e1 is a solid black /onew>e ( great h>dness1 made by ,w$gwood & by 8 s*ool ( foll[]s4 ,biscuit4--,?is t]m is appli$ to e>!nw>e & porcela9 :5 x has be5 fir$ once4 ,x is aft] ! biscuit /age t decorations 9 col\r are appli$1 & ! specim5 goes to ! ov5 a second "t 7see ,*apt] ,i474 ,body4--,! body ( a piece ( e>!nw>e is ! clay ( :i* x is compos$ irrespective ( ! nature or col\r ( decoration appli$ to its surface4 ,*9a4--,?is t]m is appli$ to porcela9 ( all classes1 :e!r true porcela9 ( h>d pa/e1 e4g41 ,*9ese1 ,japanese1 ,meiss51 ,plym\?1 ,bri/ol1 c41 or artificial porcela9 ( s(t pa/e1 e4g41 ,svres 7pte t5dre71 ,worce/]1 ,*elsea1 ,b[1 ,l[e/(t1 c4 ,*9a ,clay4--,! :ite/ clay kn[n4 ,obta9$ 9 ,engl& f ,devon & ,cornwall4 ,us$ = porcela91 & also = light-col\r$ e>!nw>e4 ,*9a ,/one4--,kn[n also z ,corni% /one2 us$ 9 conjunction ) ! *9a clay = porcela91 & employ$ = /onew>e bodies4 ,cream ,w>e4--,?is t]m applies to all light-col\r$ ,engli% e>!nw>e f ab\t #agej to ! pres5t day4 ,x v>i$ 9 "* f ! ,que5's ,w>e ( ,josiah ,w$gwood1 #agfj1 to ! *alk body us$ by ,wilson at ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,cream w>e ( lat] date :5 brok5 %[s a pure :ite body--a puzzl+ fact to beg9n]s 9 collect+4 ,delft ,w>e4--,a g5]ic t]m giv5 to e>!nw>e ) t9 enamell$ surface4 ,true ,delft w>e 0 made at ,delft 9 ,holl& aft] #afjj1 b x 0 successfully imitat$ at ,lambe?1 ,bri/ol1 ,liv]pool1 c4 ,e>!nw>e4--,all w>e may be t]m$ e>!nw>e :i* :5 9 ! biscuit /ate is too por\s = dome/ic use b requires a coat+ ( glaze4 ,z a rule1 e>!nw>e is opaque1 diff]+ 9 ?is respect f porcela91 :i* is transluc5t4 ,enamel ,col\rs4--,! col\rs appli$ ei!r 9 pa9t$ or pr9t$ decoration ov] ! glaze4 ,el]s ,w>e4--,a g5]ic t]m us$ 9 reg>d to unglaz$ r$ /onew>e ) appli$ decoration 9 ! /yle ( ! ,el]s bro!rs4 ,glaze4--,! glassy coat+ appli$ to e>!nw>e & porcela94 ,lead-glaze4--,! e>lie/ =m us$ 9 ,engl& 0 kn[n z gal5a glaze1 :5 sulphide ( lead 0 9 p[d] =m du/$ on ! w>e4 ,lat] liquid lead glaze 0 us$1 into :i* ! vessels 7 dipp$4 ,salt-glaze4--,common salt 0 ?r[n into ! kiln1 & ! resultant vap\r deposit$ a f9e lay] ( glaze on ! w>e4 ,ov]-glaze4--,?is t]m applies to pa9t$ or pr9t$ decoration done aft] ! glaze has be5 appli$ to ! object--i4e41 ov] ! glaze4 ,"u-glaze4--,?is applies to decoration1 pa9t$ or pr9t$1 done be=e ! glaze is appli$ to ! object--i4e41 :5 complet$ ! decoration is "u ! glaze4 ,iron/one ,*9a4--,an e>!nw>e = :i* ,mason took out a pat5t 9 #ahac4 ,! body conta9s a l>ge proportion ( fl9t & slag ( iron/one4 ,jasp] ,w>e4--,a f9e h>d /onew>e us$ by ,w$gwood1 & imitat$ by 8 foll[]s4 ,x is unglaz$4 ,lu/re ,w>e4--,e>!nw>e decorat$ by ?9 lay]s ( copp]1 gold1 or plat9um 7see ,*apt] ,,xiii474 ,m>bl$ ,w>e4--,w>e ( a simil> nature to agate w>e1 hav+ its surface comb$ & gra9$ to imitate v>i\s natural m>bles or granites4 ,m>ks4--,9 e>!nw>e ^! mak]s' names or initials or trade m>ks 7 usually impress$ ) a metal /amp4 ,obvi\sly ?is mu/ h be5 done :5 ! w>e 0 9 pla/ic /ate2 !re=e x is impossible to add su* m>ks aft] ! w>e is made1 & :5 pres5t on old w>e !y are a sign ( und\bt$ g5u95ess4 ,( c\rse a copy c be made be>+ an impress$ m>k4 ,pa9t$ or pr9t$ m>ks sometimes occur on e>!nw>e usually ( a lat] date4 ,su* m>ks may be "u-or ov]-glaze2 ! =m] are n likely to h be5 add$ aft] ! piece has be5 made4 ,mod]n4--,engli% e>!nw>e may be t]m$ mod]n :5 x is ( a lat] date ?an #ahej4 ,?\gh1 z is indicat$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xiv41 ! mod]n r5aissance 9 e>!nw>e %\ld be ( especial int]e/ to collectors4 ,ov]-glaze4--,see ,glaze4 ,ov54--,! ov51 z ! pott] t]ms x1 is a specially-built furnace 9 :i* ! sagg]s conta9+ ! w>e are plac$ dur+ ! fir+ 7see ,*apt] ,i474 ,pa/e4--,?is is ano!r t]m = ! body ( ! w>e4 ,resi/ ,patt]n4--,a t]m 9 silv] lu/re w>e4 ,= detail$ description see ,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,sagg]4--,a fire-clay box 9 :i* ! e>!nw>e is plac$ :5 be+ fir$ 9 ! ov5 7see ,illu/ration1 ,*apt] ,i474 ,salt-glaze4--,see ,glaze1 & see ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,semi-*9a4 ,semi-porcela94--,t]ms appli$ to e>ly n9ete5? c5tury e>!nw>e hav+ a v :ite or *alk body1 & hav+ ! outw>d appe>ance ( *9a or porcela94 ,/rongly imitative & false to ! true qualities ( e>!nw>e4 ,x is always opaque4 ,sometimes x is navely t]m$ opaque *9a4 ,slip4--,a ?ick semi-solid fluid compos$ ( clay & wat]4 ,spurs4 ,spur m>k4--,dur+ ! glaz+ ( e>!nw>e spurs or /ilts ( fire-clay are us$ to support ! articles & keep !m f t\*+ ea* o!r4 ,spur or cockspur m>ks are f\nd on ! w>e :]e x has re/$ on ^! supports 7see ,*apt] ,,ix41 p4 #bih74 ,/onew>e4--,a v>iety ( pott]y di/9ct f e>!nw>e1 & m ne>ly approa*+ porcela9 9 its *>act]i/ics4 ,e>!nw>e1 z has be5 %[n1 ne$s a coat+ ( glaze to protect its por\s defects4 ,/onew>e is a h>d body ne$+ no glaze4 ,glaz$ /onew>e is frequ5tly f\nd1 & ! glaze employ$ is usually salt4 ,?r[+4--,! art ( fa%ion+ %apes on ! pott]'s :eel 7see ,illu/ration1 ,*apt] ,i474 ,transf] ,pr9t+4--,pr9t+ employ$ z a decoration on w>e by means ( pap] :i* _h receiv$ a design f a copp]-plate1 & 0 transf]r$ to ! surface ( ! w>e 7see ,*apt] ,x474 ,"u-glaze4--,see ,glaze4 ,w$gwood4--,?is has become a g5]ic t]m = "o or two classes ( w>e--e4g41 jasp] & black basalt1 :i* 7 made by mo/ ( ! pott]s succe$+ ,josiah ,w$gwood4 ,! ^w has1 9 common ) ,b\le & ,*ipp5dale become popul>ly & errone\sly us$4 ,:ieldon ,w>e4--,a g5]ic t]m cov]+ all classes ( w>e ( a mottl$1 cl\dy1 or spla%$ "*--e4g41 tortoise%ell plates1 vases1 figures1 c4 ,i ,,h[ ,,to ,,collect3 ,a ,,*apt] ,,= ,,beg9n]s ,*ats on ,old ,e>!nw>e ,,*apt] ,i ,,h[ ,,to ,,collect3 ,a ,,*apt] ,,= ,,beg9n]s ,reasons = collect+--,:at is e>!nw>e8--,h[ e>!nw>e is made--,:at to collect--,me?od ( /udy+ old e>!nw>e--,=g]ies--,table = use 9 id5tify+ old ,engli% e>!nw>e4 ,to attempt to advance reasons = collect+ old ,engli% e>!nw>e is seem+ly to comm5ce ?is volume ) an apology on behalf ( collectors4 ,b !re are s _m p]sons ready to ?r[ a /one at o!rs :o betray ! possession ( hobbies diff]+ f _! own1 t x is necess>y to /ate t ! reasonable collection ( old e>!nw>e is bas$ on s\nd premisses4 ,simil> reasons may be giv5 = ! collection ( old ,engli% e>!nw>e to ^? t may be advanc$ = ! collection ( old ,engli% *9a4 ,e>!nw>e may be approa*$ ma9ly f ! /hetic side & /udi$ ) a view to %[ ! developm5t ( decorative art 9 ?is c\ntry & ! =eign influ5ces :i* h contribut$ to its evolution4 ,! art ( ! old ,engli% pott] is ( especial int]e/ to /ud5ts ( c]amic art1 z _m processes 7 inv5t$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 &1 9 spite ( p]iods ( decad5ce1 ,engli% e>!nw>e has won = itself a consid]able reputation on ! ,cont95t f a te*nical po9t ( view4 ,x may be collect$ z an adjunct to old furniture by lov]s ( old furniture :o are precisians 9 reg>d to h>mony 9 s*emes ( decoration4 ,!y pref] to see *9a & e>!nw>e ( ! same p]iod z ! furniture4 ,a mod]n set ( vases adorn+ a ,georgian cab9et is l putt+ new w9e into old bottles4 ,s t concomitant ) ! love = old furniture1 old pictures1 & old pr9ts is ! accompany+ reg>d = contempor>y *9a & e>!nw>e4 ,! drum & trumpet hi/ory relat+ ! p]sonal adv5tures ( pr9ces & nobles1 & ! pomp ( c\rts1 or ! intrigues ( fav\rites1 sets no /ore on ! app>5t trivialities :i* m>k ! social & intellectual progress ( a nation4 ,b ! sci5tific /ud5t ( hi/ory _c af=d to ignore ! detail$ /udy ( social conditions :i* are indicat$ by ! *9a-%elf4 ,! due appreciation ( ! developm5t ( co/ume1 ( furniture1 & ( ! dome/ic arts gives life & col\r to ! writt5 records ( byegone days4 ,a mug or a jug ) an inscription may tell a /ory ( popul> p>ty feel+ z po9t$ly z a broad%eet or a political lampoon4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ext]ior ,,( ,,works1 ,,etruria3 ,,! ,,m>l ,,bank4 ,by ! c\rtesy ( ,messrs4 ,josiah ,w$gwood ,sons4 ,! ord9>y man sees 9 ! collection ( *9a & e>!nw>e an int]e/+ hobby4 ,he reads ( ! prices rem>kable specim5s br+ "u ! hamm]1 & he beg9s to ?9k t 8 education has be5 p>tly neglect$ s9ce he kn[s little or no?+ conc]n+ ^! art treasures1 :i* seem+ly are attractive to o!r m5 ( culture & means4 ,collect+ = pr(it is a phrase t tickles ! e>s ( _m o!rs4 ,und\bt$ly !re h be5 _m :o h ent]$ ! field ( collect+ & reg>d$ _! pur*ases solely z inve/m5ts4 ,x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ?is class ( collector is n to be despis$1 inasmu* z :5 he has ma/]$ 8 subject 7& z !re is money 9 x he v spe$ily sets to "w to d ?is7 he is a v =midable rival4 ,x is absurd to imag9e t an amateur1 aft] hav+ giv5 especial /udy to a subject su* z old e>!nw>e1 is n 9 a bett] position to ent] ! m>ket z a buy] or a sell] ?an he :o comes ) little or no tra9+4 ,x is only reasonable t a man %\ld take an intellig5t int]e/ 9 ! evolution ( ! w>e 9 ev]yday use4 ,b x is to be fe>$ t long r[s ( cases at ! museum ) specim5s ( e>!nw>e beh9d glass doors mu/ necess>ily be a valley ( dry bones to ! spectator unless he br+ ! see+ eye & ! und]/&+ he>t to quick5 ^! dry bones into life4 ,en\gh1 p]haps1 has be5 said z a prelude to ?is volume to %[ t v>i\s reasons may be advanc$ to acc\nt = ! new _s ( collect+ :i* has become s infecti\s4 ,x is ! hope ( ! writ] t ! foll[+ *apt]s1 z an outl9e ( ! subject ( collect+ old ,engli% e>!nw>e1 may po9t ! way to a bett] appreciation ( :at is really ( value 9 ?is field1 & w enable ! collector 9 8 se>* to sift ! :eat f ! *aff1 & him :o already possesses l>es et p5ates ( unc]ta9 age to id5tify !m4 ,:at is ,e>!nw>e8--,to "k :at is e>!nw>e always puzzles ! beg9n]4 ,a r\gh-&-ready means ( det]m9+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 e>!nw>e & porcela9 is to apply ! light te/4 ,porcela9 m ne>ly approa*es glass & is transluc5t--t is1 x cle>ly %[s ! %ad[ ( ! h& hold+ x :5 plac$ up to ! light4 ,b !re are occasions :5 ?is te/ fails2 = in/ance1 a block ( porcela9 may1 z 9 a heavy figure1 be s ?ick z to r5d] ?is exp]im5t impossible4 ,on ! o!r h&1 f9e /onew>e may be p>tly transluc5t 9 ! ?9n] p>ts4 ,9 e>ly n9ete5?-c5tury days a class ( w>e1 su* z t ( ,mason1 is /amp$ iron/one *9a or /one *9a4 ,?is is e>!nw>e ( a peculi> nature1 hav+ c]ta9 ( ! prop]ties ( porcela94 ,simil>ly1 at v>i\s times e>!nw>e has be5 made :i* ne>ly approa*es porcela9 9 its con/itu5ts4 ,dwight ) 8 /onew>e bu/s & ,w$gwood 9 8 jasp] w>e produc$ e>!nw>e ( su* "* z to come close to ! bord] l9e divid+ e>!nw>e f porcela94 ,! pott]'s art is divid$ into two sub-heads--porcela9 & e>!nw>e--:i* latt]1 = purposes ( simplification1 includes /onew>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,corn] ,,( ,,old ,,etruria ,,works4 ,by ! c\rtesy ( ,messrs4 ,josiah ,w$gwood ,sons4 ,e>!nw>e is ( s(t body1 is opaque--t is1 x _c be se5 ?r\gh4 ,its ?9ness or its ?ickness has no?+ to d ) its title4 ,/onew>e is equally opaque1 b x is z h>d z porcela94 ,x may be z ?ick & heavy z a ,g]man be]-mug or a /one g+]-be] bottle1 or x may be cream 9 col\r1 & ?9 z a ,passov] cake1 z 9 salt-glaz$ ,/af=d%ire w>e1 or :ite & heavy1 z 9 lat] /one *9a4 ,porcela9 may be h>d or s(t & possesses prop]ties equally its own1 b is outside ! scope ( ?is volume4 ,practically e>!nw>e is ( su* por\s clay t :5 fir$ 9 ! kiln x is unfit = use1 z x is /ill too por\s until x receives a coat+ ( glaze4 ,unglaz$ /onew>e1 ,egyptian black1 & ,w$gwood's jasp] w>e diff] f e>!nw>e 9 ?is respect1 z !y d n receive any glaze1 s9ce !y are ( d5se en\gh body to be us$ 9 biscuit or unglaz$ /ate4 ,its appe>ance4 ,9 col\r e>!nw>e may be br[n or :ite 9 ext]ior1 or br[n or :ite 9 body z %[n :5 brok54 ,at its be/ its /yle to ! beg9n] may n be sugge/ive ( great diff]5ce betwe5 e>!nw>e & porcela94 ,simil> figures 7 attempt$ 9 ! "o mat]ial z 9 ! o!r4 ,9 ,france at ,nid]vill]1 at ,m>seilles1 & at ,scieux ! pott]s delib]ately set !mselves to make objects 9 e>!nw>e z delicate & fanciful z 7 produc$ 9 h>d porcela9 at ,dresd5 or 9 s(t porcela9 at ,v9c5nes4 ,clocks1 vases1 sweetmeat-boxes1 & elaborate d9n] s]vices lavi%ly decorat$ 9 ov]-glaze enamels & gild$1 emulat$ ! be/ "w ( ! porcela9 factories4 ,9 ,/af=d%ire ! /ory has be5 repeat$4 ,s t =m is no guide z to :at k9d ( w>e a piece may be4 ,9 weight e>!nw>e is light] ?an porcela9 z a g5]al rule1 ?\gh v>iations 9 ! body make ?is rule an ela/ic "o4 ,9 /onew>e1 & w>e approximat+ to ?is 9 "*1 ! weight is heavi] ?an porcela94 ,all iron/one w>e is exce$+ly heavy4 ,reasons = its appe>ance4 ,! e>li] e>!nw>e 0 br[n 9 body4 ,! ,dut* pott]s 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury cov]$ _! w>e ) an opaque :ite t9 enamel to conceal ! d>k e>!n body & to enable !m to pa9t on its surface 9 imitation ( ,*9ese porcela94 ,/onew>e1 su* z ! jugs ( e>ly type kn[n z ,bell>m9es1 is ( v vitre\s e>!nw>e fir$ s h>d z to resi/ acids or ! use ( a file :5 appli$ to ! surface4 ,:5 glaz$ ?is class ( w>e has salt glaze4 ,dwight1 ( ,fulham1 introduc$ :ite1 or ne>ly :ite1 /onew>e into ,engl& 9 8 /atuettes1 :i* induc$ him to claim t he _h discov]$ ! secret ( mak+ porcela94 ,cream w>e foll[$ lat]1 &1 p]fect$ by ,w$gwood1 x 0 adopt$ z ! /&>d e>!nw>e ( ,/af=d%ire4 ,x 0 ! la/ note 9 e>!nw>e till ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 :5 ! ,/af=d%ire pott]s inv5t$ an e>!nw>e ) a :ite body m ne>ly approa*+ porcela9 9 appe>ance4 ,= fifty ye>s exp]im5ts _h be5 c>ri$ on1 & ?is cream w>e 0 :it5$ by a process call$ blue+ by ! use ( cobalt to :it5 ! lead glaze4 ,b ! f9al inv5tion 0 by ,mason ) 8 pat5t iron/one *9a1 9 :i* he produc$ a h>d1 :ite body4 ,h[ ,e>!nw>e is made4--,a good deal ( !ory has f\nd its way into pr9t1 b x is n e "o1 ev5 among collectors1 :o has actually se5 ! v>i\s /ages ?r\gh :i* a lump ( clay passes be=e x f9ally takes its place on ! table z a teapot or a breakfa/ cup4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mill ,,= ,,gr9d+ ,,raw ,,mat]ials4 ,by ! c\rtesy ( ,messrs4 ,josiah ,w$gwood ,sons4 ,x has1 !re=e1 be5 ?\ght ( int]e/ to illu/rate a few /eps 9 ! process ( ?is trans=mation ( clay into vessels ( utility & beauty4 ,by ! k9dness ( ,messrs4 ,josiah ,w$gwood & ,sons1 ( ,etruria1 ?is s]ies ( illu/rations appe>s1 & ! subjects h be5 *os5 ) a view to %[+ ^? processes ( ! pott] :i* are practically ! same z 9 ! days ( ! great ,josiah4 ,! fir/ illu/ration 7p4 #cg7 %[s an ,ext]ior ,view ( ! ,etruria ,works1 ) ! ,corni% /one & ! ball clays f ,dorset & ,devon & ! fl9ts ly+ 9 heaps expos$ to ! sun & fro/ 9 ord] to wea!r4 ,?is exposure is consid]$ advantage\s1 z ! long] ! clay is 9 ! op5 ! bett] x w "w :5 requir$ = use4 ,! second illu/ration 7p4 #da7 %[s a ,corn] ( ! old ,etruria ,works4 ,! /ructure is practically ! same z 9 ! e>ly days1 & ! bottom w9d[s on ! "r h rema9$ unalt]$4 ,! f>!/ at ! bottom corn] on ! "r 0 ! room ( old ,josiah4 ,! ?ird illu/ration %[s ! ,mill = gr9d+ raw mat]ials4 ,! clays are put into ?is vat & cru%$ betwe5 two /ones4 ,!re is no?+ diff]5t n[ f ! e>ly days4 ,! old oak beams tell _! /ory4 ,x is true t /eam is n[ us$1 b t is all to make ?is process diff] f t employ$ a c5tury & a half ago--fir/ :5 w9d-p[] 0 us$1 z 9 fl\r mills1 & lat] :5 a horse 0 sub/itut$4 ,?is gr9d+ is done ) wat]1 & ! mixture comes out a ?ick liquid4 ,! mix+-tank is ! next /age4 ,^! liquid con/itu5ts1 su* z ball clay1 *9a clay1 fl9t1 c41 accord+ to ! =mula ( ! pott]y1 are c>efully admitt$ into ! tank 9 correct proportions & ?or\ghly bl5d$ toge!r4 ,! body is n[ 9 its slip /ate1 & is press$ & dri$ to make x m malleable :5 n requir$ = ca/+4 ,9 its lat] /age1 9 m solid =m1 x is ready to be ?r[n on ! pott]'s :eel4 ,! ,pott]'s ,:eel4--,we illu/rate 7p4 #dj7 ! +5i\s pott] :o is kn[n z ,! ,?r[]4 ,x is he :o1 on a little revolv+ table betwe5 8 knees press$ ) 8 h&s1 magically trans=ms ! lump ( clay into beautiful %apes4 ,un=tunately1 mod]n me?ods are elim9at+ ! "w ( ! ?r[]1 ^: art dates back to ! remote/ pa/ 9 ! ,ea/ :5 man fir/ made clay into objects ( beauty4 ,we f9d ! prophet ,j]emiah say+1 ,!n ,i w5t d[n to ! pott]'s h\se1 & behold he wr\ght a "w on ! :eel4 ,& ! vessel t he made ( clay 0 m>r$ 9 ! h&s ( ! pott]1 s he made aga9 ano!r vessel z seem$ good to ! pott] to make x4 ,old ,om> ,khayyam br+s a moral to be> on ! pott] & 8 :eel3 ,surely n 9 va9 ,my sub/ance f ! common ,e>? 0 ta'en ,t ,he :o subtly wr\ght me into %ape ,%\ld /amp me back to common ,e>? aga94 ,& ,%akespe>e1 n to miss a good simile1 makes "o ( 8 *>act]s say1 ,my ?\ghts are :irl$ l a pott]'s :eel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,?r[]4 ,%[+ ! ,pott]'s ,:eel4 ,by ! c\rtesy ( ,messrs4 ,josiah ,w$gwood ,sons4 ,! ,pott]y ,kilns4--,! next /age is to conv]t ! vessel ?r[n 9 s(t clay1 & put aside to dry1 into be+ z a piece ( pott]y4 ,!re are ?ree ov5s1 t]m$ ! biscuit1 ! glo/1 & ! enamel4 ,9 ! illu/ration 7p4 #ec7 x is se5 h[ ! vessels are put into sagg]s1 :i* are boxes ( fire-clay pil$ ^u "o ano!r4 ,! doorway is brick$ up & pla/]$1 & gradually ! furnace is heat$4 ,practically ?is ov5 illu/rat$ is typical ( ! biscuit or ! glo/ ov51 ! diff]5ce be+ 9 ! temp]ature appli$1 ! latt] be+ at a mu* l[] temp]ature4 ,x may be int]e/+ to m5tion t a quick ov5 is ?ree days 9 fir+ & ?ree days 9 cool+ be=e ! w>e is remov$4 ,= ornam5tal & important specim5s ( a v special nature z long a p]iod z a mon? may be tak5 to fire & half t "t to cool4 ,b ( c\rse ?is is only 9 exceptional circum/ances4 ,x conjures up a picture ( ! awful anxiety ( "s ( ! great ma/] pott]s at ! critical mom5t :5 ! doorway is pull$ d[n & ! cont5ts ( ! ov5 are drawn4 ,x is "h :]e ! triumph or ! failure ( ! pott] manife/s itself4 ,:5 tak5 out ( ! fir/ ov5 ! w>e is t]m$ biscuit4 ,x is n[ ready = glaz+4 ,( c\rse1 9 su* w>e z jasp] or unglaz$ /onew>e1 basalt1 & simil> k9ds1 ! biscuit /ate is ! f9al "o1 ! object be+ complet$4 ,! ,dipp+-h\se4--,9 ! illu/ration 7p4 #eg7 x w be se5 t ! w>e 9 its biscuit /ate is dipp$ 9 liquid glaze 9 a v deft mann]1 aft] :i* x proce$s to ! glo/ ov5 to h>d5 ?is glaze on its surface4 ,x is "h t great c>e has to be ex]cis$ 9 keep+ ! pieces f com+ 9 contact ) ea* o!r2 spurs & tripods are plac$ betwe5 ea* piece to obviate ?is4 ,! sagg]s 9 :i* ?is newly-glaz$ w>e is plac$ are du/$ ) mat]ial infusible at ! l[] heat to prev5t ! pieces adh]+ to ^! sagg]s4 ,9 fact1 z is readily se51 a f9e specim5 may be easily ru9$ at any /age4 ,9 undecorat$ w>e1 z 9 ! cream-w>e examples illu/rat$ 7p4 #bbe71 ?is ends ! process1 & !y are complete4 ,b 9 w>e t is to be decorat$ ov] ! glaze !re is yet ano!r /age be=e !y are f9i%$4 ,x w be obs]v$ t we are allud+ to ov]-glaze decoration4 ,b w>e may be pa9t$ be=e be+ glaz$1--t is "u-glaze4 ,9 ord]1 h[ev]1 n to confuse ! beg9n] at ! outset1 ?is has be5 describ$ 9 a lat] *apt] 7p4 #cbf74 ,! ,enamel ,kiln4--,aft] ! decorations h be5 pa9t$ ^u ! glaz$ w>e x has to be fir$ 9 ! enamel kiln4 ,a f> l[] heat ?an t ( ! glo/ ov5 is requir$2 ! flames d n pass inside ! kiln1 z 9 an ov51 b are l$ 9 flues all r\nd ! kiln4 ,we give an illu/ration 7p4 #fa7 ( ?is = fir+ col\rs or gold ov] ! glaze4 ,z w be se51 ! pieces are c>efully protect$ f contact ) ea* o!r1 & at ?is la/ /age x is q possible to undo all ! pati5t lab\r previ\sly employ$ & irretrievably ru9 a piece4 ,9 ?is ha/y outl9e ( ! v>i\s processes ( ! pott] mu* has be5 omitt$2 b1 9 ! ma91 ^! illu/rations %\ld s]ve to k9dle a m intellig5t int]e/1 ev5 among collectors1 9 ! e>!nw>e & *9a :i* has pass$ ?r\gh s _m critical p]iods 9 its life-hi/ory4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ov54 ,%[+ ! sagg]s conta9+ w>e ready = fir+4 ,by ! c\rtesy ( ,messrs4 ,josiah ,w$gwood ,sons4 ,:at to ,collect4--,?is is l>gely a "q ( p]sonal pr$ilection4 ,9 g5]al ! field ( ,engli% e>!nw>e may be divid$ into n9e classes1 & ! collector :o wi%es to specialise w h 8 individual ta/e = "o or m ( ^!1 accord+ z its te*nical or arti/ic qualities appeal to him4 ,?is arrangem5t is ma9ly *ronological1 b obvi\sly "o class w ov]lap o!rs 9 po9t ( "t4 ,^! classes are fur!r summ>is$ 9 detail 9 ! table int5d$ = use 9 id5tify+ old e>!nw>e giv5 at ! end ( ?is *apt]4 ,i4 ,e>ly ,engli% pott]y4 ,,ii4 ,delft w>e4 ,,iii4 ,/onew>e 7includ+ ,/af=d%ire salt-glaze w>e74 ,prior to ! inv5tions ( ,josiah ,w$gwood4 ,,iv4 ,v>iegat$ w>e--agate & cl\d$ w>e4 ,v4 ,cream w>e-- 7#a7 ,pla94 7#b7 ,decorat$ by pa9t+4 7#c7 ,transf]-pr9t$4 ,by f> ! l>ge/ v>iety ( ,engli% e>!nw>e1 includ+ dome/ic w>e & figures4 ,made by all pott]s4 ,,vi4 ,classic w>e--! s*ool ( :i* ,josiah ,w$gwood is ! f\nd]4 ,,vii4 ,figures 7ma9ly ,/af=d%ire74 ,,viii4 ,lu/re w>e4 ,,ix4 ,opaque *9a ,semi-porcela9 ,n9ete5? c5tury4 ,iron/one *9a ,me?od ( /udy+ old ,e>!nw>e4--,to ^? read]s :o p]use ?is volume )\t any def9ite idea ( ! /&po9t ( ! collector x %\ld n be left unsaid t ! prop] /udy & collection ( old ,engli% e>!nw>e require a consid]able am\nt ( read+ &1 :at is ( mu* great] importance1 a v practical exam9ation ( "s hundr$s ( specim5s4 ,x is ?is practical exp]i5ce :i* alone c give ! beg9n] ! tra9+ he requires4 ,x is a complex subject bri/l+ ) unexpect$ difficulties 9 reg>d to te*nical po9ts & cr[d$ ) app>5t contradictions4 ,! bibliography giv5 on pp4 #bc-be w enable read]s to pursue special /udies 9 great] detail4 ,! next be/ ?+ to h&l+ ! actual specim5s is to see !m4 ,x _c "h be impress$ ^u ! beg9n] too /rongly t x is absolutely necess>y1 9 ord] to educate 8 eye1 t ! f9e/ kn[n examples 9 ! p>ticul> classes %\ld be frequ5tly se54 ,! national museums1 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t & ! ,briti%1 9 ,london1 bo? conta9 spl5did collections classifi$ 9 a v ?or\gh mann]4 ,9 ! prov9ces1 ! foll[+ museums among o!rs conta9 f9e collections1 (t5 ( ri*] int]e/ 9 special subjects ?an ! a=em5tion$4 ,= in/ance1 ! ,public ,museum at ,liv]pool conta9s ! mo/ repres5tative collection ( ! v>i\s classes ( ,liv]pool w>e4 ,! f9e ,art ,gall]y at ,le$s is ri* 9 typical examples ( ! f9e/ productions 9 ,le$s e>!nw>e4 ,at ! ,royal ,scotti% ,museum1 ,ed9burgh1 & at ! ,sci5ce & ,art ,museum1 ,dubl91 !re are f9ely arrang$ collections ( pott]y4 ,at ! ,ca/le ,museum1 ,nott+ham1 at ,york1 at ,norwi*1 at ,ba?1 at ,bri/ol1 at ,swansea1 at ,c>diff1 at ! ,we/on ,p>k ,museum1 ,%effield1 at ! ,pitt-,riv]s ,museum1 ,f>nham1 ,nor? ,dorset1 at ! ,grosv5or ,museum1 ,*e/]1 at ,maid/one1 at ,bury ,/4 ,edmunds1 & at ,saffron ,wald51 !re are collections :i* c be /udi$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,dipp+ ,,h\se4 ,%[+ h[ ! w>e is glaz$4 ,by ! c\rtesy ( ,messrs4 ,josiah ,w$gwood ,sons4 ,9 ! di/rict ( ! ,pott]ies itself ! foll[+ museums h repres5tative collections ( special v>ieties ( ,/af=d%ire w>e4 ,at ,hanley1 at ,tun/all1 at ,burslem1 at ,/oke-on-,tr5t1 & at ,etruria1 ) its ,w$gwood ,museum1 !re is mat]ial en\gh to be se51 s t x may be said t !re is little ne$ = ! beg9n] to be />v$ = want ( opportunities to see f9e examples4 ,h9ts z to ,prices4--,x is impossible 9 su* a complex subject z old e>!nw>e to lay d[n any h>d & fa/ rules z to prices to be paid4 ,specim5s v>y v consid]ably 9 quality1 & accord+ to dem& prices fluctuate z 9 o!r m>kets4 ,if ! beg9n] w make a po9t ( le>n+ 8 subject & w keep 9 t\* ) a few deal]s1 he w f9d t !y w readily assi/ him to id5tify 8 own specim5s & sy/ematically aid him 9 add+ judici\sly to 8 collection4 ,a great deal ( (f5sive nons5se has be5 writt5 by fa%ionable lady j\rnali/s1 declaim+ aga9/ ! pr(essional deal] & cr$it+ him ) e conceivable trick "u ! sun4 ,b ! greate/ & ! wise/ ( collectors numb] a ho/ ( deal]s z p]sonal fri5ds4 ,a cont9u\s /ream ( good ?+s passes ?r\gh ! h&s ( ! deal]s :o1 by incessant h&l+ & practical /udy1 are able & will+ to help ! collector & to solve 8 difficulties4 ,deal]s' prices are 9 _m cases surpris+ly l[ consid]+ ! great tr\ble !y h tak5 to acquire ! pieces4 ,x is f> bett] to procure b>ga9s 9 ?is mann]1 ) "o's p]sonal k supplem5t$ by ! fri5dly sugge/ions ( "o's fav\rite deal]1 ?an to attempt to obta9 ?r\gh private s\rces great b>ga9s f amateur deal]s ^: possessions w\ld n1 9 _m cases1 be> ! light ( day 9 ! op5 m>ket4 ,=g]ies4--,!re are _m fak$ pieces 9 exi/5ce1 & !re are _m copies & a great quantity ( productions ( factories ( to-day :o reproduce _! old patt]ns made a c5tury or m ago4 ,"s ( ?is is made ) int5t to deceive1 & mu* is m]ely a trade movem5t to supply a kn[n want on ! "p ( ! public4 ,b x is exactly "h t ! deal] :o has a respect = 8 cli5ts1 & be+ a bus9ess man naturally does n wi% to ru9 8 reputation1 may be ( ine/imable value 9 advis+ ! collector4 ,mr4 ,solon1 ! em95t au?ority & a practical work] 9 arti/ic pott]y1 tells 9 8 ,art ( ! ,old ,engli% ,pott] h[1 :5 he 0 se>*+ = f9e specim5s to make 8 collection1 he 0 deceiv$ by "s %am old slip w>e b\ght at a high figure 9 a lonely cottage 9 a remote di/rict4 ,if ! fabricator c\ld lure s /udi\s a collector into 8 net1 x goes )\t say+ t especial precautions %\ld be tak5 by ! beg9n] n to give l>ge prices unless he has a gu>antee or kn[s ! sell]'s reputation4 ,buy]s ( old delft w>e %\ld be c>eful 9 exam9+ ! decoration ( _! pur*ases4 ,pla9 w>e1 :i* is n s valuable & is comp>atively common1 is decorat$ 9 blue1 or a coat-(-arms & a date add$1 giv+ a fictiti\s value to ! piece4 ,9 fact1 su* g5u9e dat$ pieces are wor? t5 times ! pla9 ones4 ,pla9 j>s & jugs wor? #b or #c1 ) ! fraudul5tly add$ ^w ,sack & ! initials ,c4 ,r4 9 blue1 may tempt ! unw>y collector to give #bj4 ,x w ?us be se5 t ?is is ! mo/ dang]\s ( frauds1 & difficult to detect unless ! collector has h&l$ _m decorat$ pieces1 = ! delft itself is absolutely g5u9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,enamel ,,kiln4 ,%[+ ! w>e aft] be+ enamell$ /ack$ ready = fir+4 ,by ! c\rtesy ( ,messrs4 ,josiah ,w$gwood ,sons4 ,simil>ly1 pla9 pieces ( g5u9e ,/af=d%ire salt glaze are enamell$ 9 col\rs 9 ord] to enhance ! value1 ow+ to ! fa%ionable dem& = col\r$ examples4 ,z mu* z #ej has be5 paid by an un=tunate collector = a teapot q wor? ?is if g5u9e old col\r "w1 b unhappily x 01 al?\gh f9e old salt glaze1 q rec5tly col\r$1 evid5tly ) fraudul5t int5tions4 ,/af=d%ire figures t are mod]n tell _! own /ory1 or %\ld d s1 to ! collector :o has ev] c>efully exam9$ ! pott+ & ! glaze ( f9e old examples4 ,nor is !re mu* excuse = ! blund]+ collector :o _c readily di/+ui% betwe5 ! crude mod]n ,toby jug ) its blatant col\r+1 s smudgy & sme>y ) black /a9s to imp>t age1 & its g5u9e prototype4 ,!re are "s fairly modell$ ,toby jugs1 ( mod]n orig91 "o 9 p>ticul> seat$ 9 a corn] *air1 ) a salt-glaze surface4 ,ano!r fake appeals to ! lov] ( ! ,:ieldon /yle1 & has a mottl$ base & hat4 ,b !y are1 z ! expressive t]m goes1 hot f ! ov54 ,! ,vic> & ,moses 0 s well modell$ by ,ralph ,wood t x %>$ ! fate ( ,george ,morl&'s pictures :i* 7 copi$ by 8 contempor>ies4 ,ralph ,wood's ,vic> & ,moses 0 copi$ all ?r\gh ! late eighte5? & e>ly n9ete5? c5turies1 & to-day mod]n fabrications repeat ! same model ad nauseam4 ,%am ,voyez ,fair ,hebe jugs1 made = fooli% collectors1 are frequ5tly to be se5 & avoid$4 ,le$s w>e has engag$ ! att5tion ( ! imitator4 ,"s ( ! w>e is made 9 ,g]many & is unm>k$4 ,b o!r mod]n productions exi/ /amp$ ,le$s ,pott]y1 & are imitations ( ! old ,le$s patt]ns4 ,!re is a tobacco j> 9 pewt] hav+ a %ield ) ! ,le$s coat-(-arms1 & rais$ m$allions ( a %ip & ( ! patron sa9t ( ! woolcomb]s4 ,?is j> has be5 ( late ye>s copi$ 9 cream w>e1 & ) its lid ) twi/$ h&le x has pass$ z g5u9e old ,le$s4 ,b x is no?+ ( ! sort4 ,9 g5]al1 e>!nw>e comes (f bett] 9 reg>d to =g$ m>ks ?an porcela94 ,9 ! latt]1 ( c\rse1 x is ! easie/ ?+ 9 ! _w to add ! m>ks1 especially :5 mo/ ( !m 7 pa9t$4 ,b 9 e>!nw>e ! majority ( m>ks 7 impress$ 9 ! w>e & ?is *eats ! fak] ( 8 qu>ry4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! m>k %\ld n lead ! collector by ! nose4 ,be=e see+ any m>k a collector %\ld beg9 to "k 8 subject s well t ! m>k is an additional piece ( in=mation :i* s]ves to confirm 8 previ\s conclusions z to ! specim5 "u exam9ation4 ,an unm>k$ example may %[ e evid5ce 9 modell+1 9 pa/e1 9 col\r1 & 9 glaze1 ( hav+ be5 made by a c]ta9 pott] at a p>ticul> date4 ,! only confirmation lack+ is ! m>k4 ,x is "h t m>k$ w>e becomes ( p>am\nt importance = purposes ( comp>ison4 ,& x is bett] to h a g5u9e m>k$ piece 9 "o's cab9et1 f a bus9ess po9t ( view1 ?an a g5u9e piece equally f9e t be>s no signature or trade-m>k4 ,b ?is crav+ on ! "p ( collectors = m>ks has l$ 9 ! field ( *9a to a disa/r\s /ate ( ?+s2 m>ks ( "o pott] h be5 add$ to ! productions ( ano!r1 & no fabricat$ ,worce/] *9a is wor? its salt z a correct piece ( =g]y unless x be>s ! squ>e m>k or ! cresc5t4 ,happily1 9 e>!nw>e ! "q ( m>ks only affects ! w>e f ,w$gwood's day onw>ds4 ,! f9e/ specim5s ( e>!nw>e 9 ! not$ collections ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 ( ,el]s1 & ,dwight & ,a/bury1 & ,:ieldon1 & ! :ole salt-glaze s*ool be> no m>k1 = ! v simple reasons t ! old pott]s _h no m>ks4 ,b !y sign$ _! pieces all ov]1 & ! t\* ( ^! old ma/]s is imm$iately intelligible to ! tra9$ eye ( ! collector4 ,h[ to id5tify old ,e>!nw>e4--,! foll[+ ,table r\ghly summ>ises ! field "u :i* ,engli% e>!nw>e may be classifi$4 ,x is ! hope ( ! writ] t possessors ( e>!nw>e :i* !y are unable to id5tify w1 by ! help ( ?is ,table1 be able to place _! pieces "u ! sub-head to :i* !y belong4 ,! ref]5ces giv5 to ! *apt]s deal+ ) ! classes 9 detail are int5d$ to po9t ! way to a m ext5d$ exam9ation ( specim5s4 ,a good g5]al rule = beg9n]s 9 attempt+ ! prop] id5tification is to comm5ce by elim9at+ all ! classes ( w>e to :i* ! piece obvi\sly _c belong4 ,gradually ! field becomes limit$ to "o p]iod1 & f9ally x is n>r[$ to two or ?ree factories4 ,b x is only by practice t def9ite & accurate conclusions c be arriv$ at4 ,,table ,,= ,,use ,,9 ,,id5tify+ ,,old ,,engli% ,,e>!nw>e4 ,i4 ,,e>ly ,,pott]y4 ,e>ly examples ( gre5 glaz$ pit*]s & jugs ( crude =m1 ,m$ival4 #ac?1 #ad?1 & #ae? c5turies4 ,dome/ic ,vessels4 ,co/rels 7i4e41 pilgrims' bottles71 flasks ) holes at %\ld]s = use ( cord 9 c>ry+4 ,ecclesia/ical ,tiles ,ecclesia/ical tiles4 ,incis$ or 7#ae?-#af? c5turies74 impress$ patt]ns1 rais$1 inlaid1 or ) slip decoration4 ,floral1 geometrical1 h]aldic ornam5tation4 ,figures ( m5 & ( animals 7see illu/ration1 p4 #he74 ,slip ,w>e4 ,lov+-cups1 or tygs1 ) sev]al 7#ag? c5tury47 h&les1 posset pots ) sp\ts4 ,lead-glaz$1 gre5i% 9 col\r1 ) tones v>y+ f purpli%-br[n to black 7see illu/ration1 p4 #hi74 ,wro?am ,w>e ,wro?am1 9 ,k5t1 ! seat 7#afab-agag74 ( ?is w>e ( r$ body ) slip /amp$ decorations or incis$ ornam5tation4 ,a great numb] ( pieces ( ?is class be> dates cov]+ a c5tury4 ,t(t ,w>e ,di%es & posset pots ( ,/af=d%ire 7,latt] half ( orig91 ,?omas ,t(t1 #affj1 #ag? c5tury74 ,ralph ,t(t1 ,ralph ,turnor1 ,william ,*att]ly1 ,rob]t ,%aw1 ,william ,tabor1 ,john ,wright1 ,joseph ,na%1 ,john ,meir & o!r names appe> on ?is w>e1 "s be+ ^? ( ! pott]s1 & o!rs ! own]'s "n4 7,^! v>ieties ( ,e>ly ,pott]y are describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,ii47 ,,ii4 ,,delft ,,w>e4 ,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics ( ,delft ,w>e4 ,9 appe>ance x _c be mi/ak5 = any o!r w>e4 ,x has a br[n or grey body1 %[+ at crumbl$ edges :]e ! glaze is *ipp$ (f4 ,! surface is :ite1 & ! pa9t+ ^u x is m co>se ?an ,dut* examples4 ,engli% decorations are mo/ly pa9t$ "u glaze 9 blue1 yell[1 or dull purple4 ,lambe?4 ,di%es1 plates1 salt-cell>s1 puzzle-jugs1 sack bottles1 ph>macy j>s ,e>ly examples1 #afcj4 & c&le/icks are mo/ ord9>ily f\nd4 ,! enamell$ surface ( ,van ,hamme1 pott] ( ,lambe? delft has a p9ki% t9t4 ,lambe?1 #afga4 ,plates ) portraits & dates 7#afcg-agjb71 ,adam & ,eve di%es1 ( l>ge size1 pa9t$ 9 blue ) ?is & o!r ,biblical subjects1 ,! ,j\rney to ,emmaus1 ,jacob's ,ladd]1 or ) ,ori5tal designs4 ,e>li] specim5s h a purpli% or dull yell[ lead glaze at back ( di%4 ,bri/ol4 ,election & o!r plates dat$ #agdj-aghd4 ,pa9t$ tiles & plates ) l&scape subjects--,*9ese figures1 p>rots4 ,bianco sopra bianco :ite enamel on gre5i% gr\nd4 ,b[ls ) purple gr\nd & :ite res]v$ panels ) blue decoration4 ,liv]pool4 ,prior to #agfb all ,liv]pool delft1 includ+ tiles1 0 pr9t$4 ,e>ly 9 #ah? c5tury1 ! pr9cipal trade ,delft di%es decorat$ 9 ,*9ese ( ! city4 /yle4 ,b[ls ) %ips z decoration4 ,druggi/s' j>s4 ,transf]-pr9t$ tiles by ,sadl] ,gre51 or lat] by ,za*>iah ,b>nes4 ,w9canton4 ,simil> to ,bri/ol 9 "*4 ,up to ! pres5t v little is kn[n ( ?is factory4 7,see illu/ration1 p4 #abg47 7,^! v>ieties ( ,delft ,w>e are dealt ) 9 detail 9 ,*apt] ,,iii47 ,,iii4 ,,/onew>e4 ,mottl$ r$-br[n col\r1 mo/ly salt glaz$1 pitt$ surface l orange sk94 ,e>ly ,bell>m9e ,jugs4 ,hav+ dates & coats-(-arms 9 =eign examples2 co>s] /yle probably ,engli%4 ,fulham4 ,:ite bu/s & figures4 ,r$1 unglaz$ w>e4 ,br[n jugs & mugs4 ,m>bl+ on ,john ,dwight vases & bases1 & /amp$ ornam5ts 7#afga-agjc74 9 relief on teapots4 ,/af=d%ire4 ,a g5]ic "n = all unid5tifi$ r$ 7unglaz$7 w>e4 ,teapots1 c41 ,el]s ,w>e4 ) /amp$ ornam5t simil> to ,dwight4 ,john ,philip ,el]s1 ,prunus blossom & ,*9ese ornam5t1 ,david ,el]s 9 relief4 ,turn$ on la! & p]fectly 7#afij-agaj74 f9i%$4 ,sp\ts pla91 m\ld$ by h&4 ,john ,a/bury ,r$1 buff1 orange1 & *ocolate body4 7di$ #agdc74 ,simil> w>e to ,el]s1 ) ! ornam5ts 9 relief 9 :ite pipe-clay4 ,made e>ly salt-glaze cr\* w>e4 ,?omas ,a/bury ,foll[$ same /yle4 ,little to 7f #agbe74 di/+ui% 8 "w f t ( 8 fa!r4 ,a/bury is a g5]ic t]m = all w>e ( ?is nature1 ) :ite /amp$ ornam5ts 9 relief4 ,_m ,/af=d%ire pott]s made ?is type ( w>e 9 latt] half ( eighte5? c5tury1 & x 0 imitat$ at ,liv]pool4 ,nott+ham4 ,z e>ly z ,dwight's day ,morley made /onew>e mugs1 & ,nott+ham w>e ,e>ly #ah? c5tury holds a high place4 ,! jugs are sometimes ) decorative pi]c$ "w1 %[+ an inn] %ell :i* holds ! liquid4 ,! glaze is decid$ly lu/r\s 9 appe>ance1 & ! col\r ( ! body is a w>m r$di% br[n4 ,discont9u$ at end ( #ah? c5tury4 ,be> ,jugs 7 a feature ( ?is factory1 & crud] examples 7 made at ,*e/]field & ,brampton4 7,^! v>ieties are describ$ 9 detail 9 ,*apt] ,,iv47 ,/af=d%ire ,salt ,glaze ,f9ely pott$ ?9 /onew>e1 surface l sk9 ( orange1 almo/ z ,a/bury & ,:ieldon transluc5t z porcela94 7 ! pione]s ( ?is f9] /onew>e4 #a4 ,pla9 :ite or undecorat$ ) ,mo/ ( ! ,/af=d%ire rais$ /amp$ ornam5t4 pott]s f #agbe-aghj made salt-glaze w>e4 #b4 ,pla9 :ite body ) incis$ ,b ?is w>e 0 ornam5t fill$ 9 ) blue4 supplant$ by ,w$gwood's cream w>e1 :i* seiz$ #c4 ,enamell$ 9 col\rs on a :ite body4 ! m>ket 9 ! la/ qu>t] ( ! #ah? #d4 ,body col\r blue 7r>e examples by c5tury4 ,william ,littl]71 enamell$ decorations 9 black1 :ite1 or gold4 #e4 ,pi]c$ w>e ) decorations 9 col\r1 or undecorat$4 #f4 ,w>e decorat$ by transf] pr9t+4 #g4 ,w>e ) rais$ ornam5t1 t\*$ ) col\r4 ,"s ( ?is salt-glaze w>e is 9 col\r a slate grey4 ,! %>pe/ cut designs & ! highe/ type ( ! undecorat$ w>e belong to ! p]iod f #agbe-agdj4 ,! enamell+ 9 col\rs 0 at its be/ f #agde-agfj4 ,salt-glaze w>e1 9 imitation ( ! ,/af=d%ire pott]s1 0 also made at ,swansea & at ,liv]pool4 7,^! v>ieties are describ$ 9 detail 9 ,*apt] ,,vi47 ,fulham4 ,fulham has be5 ! seat ( ! 7,eighte5? c5tury47 manufacture ( /onew>e s9ce ! days ( ,dwight4 ,e>ly #ah? c5tury4 ,blue & grey /onew>e jugs & mugs1 ) initials ( ,que5 ,anne or ^? ( ,george ,i41 (t5 dat$4 ,late #ah? c5tury4 ,! foll[+ are typical--br[n /onew>e jugs & mugs ) bac*analian subjects1 or sport+ sc5es1 9 relief1 ink/&s1 br&y flasks ( grotesque %ape4 ,9 #ai? c5tury days ,d\lton ,watts1 ,lambe? ,pott]y1 is impress$ on simil> examples1 & 9 middle #ai? c5tury days1 "u ! guidance ( ,sir ,h5ry ,d\lton1 a revival ( arti/ic /onew>e took place1 :i* traditions ,messrs4 ,d\lton c>ry on at ! pres5t day4 ,,iv4 ,,v>iegat$ ,,w>e4 ,m>bl$ or agate w>es 7#agdj-agef71 ,dwight 7( ,fulham71 ,john ,a/bury4 ,! e>li] ,usually kn[n "u surface m>bl+ or comb+ supplant$ by ! g5]ic t]m ( solid agate w>e--a bl5d+ ( lay]s ,:ieldon w>e4 ( diff]5t col\r$ clays4 ,e>ly tortoise%ell plates made by ,:ieldon4 ,tortoise%ell & mottl$ w>e also made by ,philip ,*ri/ian at ,liv]pool1 at ,le$s1 & at ,ca/le=d4 ,w$gwood4--,lat] developm5ts ( ?is w>e--vases & important classic pieces 9 imitation ( col\r$ m>bles4 ,! imitators ( ,w$gwood4--,palm]1 ,neale1 & o!rs made ?is m>bl$ w>e4 ,neale employ$ ) great success spr9kl$ m>bl+1 t\*$ ) gold1 on a cream body4 ,bo? ,w$gwood & 8 successors made solid agate & also surface-decorat$ w>e ( cream body4 7,?is w>e is describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,v4 7,:ieldon71 & 9 ,*apt]s ,,vii4 & ,,viii4 9 reg>d to ,w$gwood & lat] developm5ts47 ,v4 ,,cream ,,w>e4 ,exp]im5tal ,/age4--,a/bury 7#agbe71 ,:ieldon 7f #agdj71 ,w>burton 7,hot ,by f> ! l>ge/ ,lane71 ,baddeleys 7,%elton74 v>iety ( ,engli% e>!nw>e4 ,made ,que5's ,w>e p]fect$ by ,w$gwood by all pott]s4 ,! 7#agfe74 ,w$gwood1 ,turn]1 ,w>burton1 /&>d type ( all 7,le$s7 ,messrs4 ,h>tley1 ,gre5s ,co41 subsequ5t dome/ic ,liv]pool1 ,swansea1 ,d]by4 w>e4 ,9 col\r creamy or yell[i% :ite4 ,9 weight light4 ,pla9 or undecorat$4 ,_m ( ,w$gwood's f9e/ cream w>e pieces are undecorat$1 & ,le$s1 at fir/ l>gely imitative1 develop$ a f9e quality 9 design & pott+1 especially 9 designs aft] silv]smi?s' models4 ,decorat$ by pa9t+4 ,at fir/ pa9t+ 0 sp>ely us$4 ,! /yle ( enamell+ us$ on salt-glaze w>e 0 modifi$ to suit ! new cream w>e4 ,lat] ! col\rs began to emulate ^? ( porcela94 ,spode1 9 p>ticul>1 copi$ ! latt] 9 e>!nw>e1 & cream w>e became ri*ly pa9t$ & gild$4 ,transf]-pr9t$4 ,z ! inv5tion ( transf]-pr9t+ & ! p]fection ( cream w>e by ,w$gwood 7 contemporane\s1 ! ,liv]pool pr9t]s decorat$ all ! e>ly cream w>e4 ,b cream w>e 0 subsequ5tly made z well z pr9t$ at ,liv]pool1 & pr9t$ z well z made 9 ,/af=d%ire & else:]e4 ,e>ly ,cream ,w>e4 ,w$gwood4 ,enorm\s v>iety ( dome/ic w>e1 pla9 or undecorat$1 z 9 p]=at$ or basket patt]ns1 fruit di%es1 c41 pa9t$ 9 simple bord] designs1 & transf]-pr9t$ 9 r$1 black1 or puce1 at ,liv]pool1 = ,w$gwood4 ,w>burton1 ,william ,adams1 ,john ,turn]1 ,spode1 & _m o!rs made simil> cream w>e4 ,le$s4--,great v>iety ( di%es1 fruit baskets1 c5tre-pieces1 c41 made ( undecorat$ cream w>e4 ,9 addition pa9t$ & transf] pr9t$ decorations 7 also employ$4 ,transf]-pr9t+ ,liv]pool made cream w>e pun* b[ls 9 blue4 f9ely decorat$ 9 blue4 ,9 imitation ( ,*9ese ,caughley produc$ = a few ye>s /yles1 & 9 e>!nw>e ( cream body decorat$1 9 competition ) ! *>act]i/ic /yle1 by ,?omas ,turn]1 porcela9 ( ,worce/]1 :o introduc$ ! will[ patt]n 9 #aghj1 ,b[1 ,plym\?1 c4 :i* appe>s toge!r ) simil> ,*9ese subjects 9 8 e>ly ,salopian porcela94 ,/af=d%ire4 ,john ,turn] 7( ,lane ,end7 fir/ introduc$ 7,see ,*apt] ,x47 "u-glaze blue into ,/af=d%ire4 ,josiah ,spode introduc$ will[ patt]n into ,/af=d%ire1 #aghd4 ,william ,adams 7( ,gre5gates71 #aghg1 f9e "u-glaze blue4 ,?omas ,m9ton1 #agic1 f9e "u-glaze blue4 ,appr5tic$ to ,?omas ,turn] 7( ,caughley74 ,adams1 ,w>burton1 ,spode1 & o!r ,/af=d%ire pott]s engag$ l>gely 9 ?is deep blue pr9t$ w>e4 ,swansea _h a simil> cream w>e1 :i* _h pa9t$ designs or blue-pr9t$ 9 imitation ( ,*9ese /yle1 ) pagodas1 c4 7,see illu/ration1 p4 #dje47 ,,vi4 ,,classic ,,w>e4 ,w$gwood4 ,r$ w>e 9 imitation ( ,el]s w>e1 *ocolate w>e ) black ,josiah ,w$gwood 7born1 ornam5tation 9 relief4 ,:ite f9e #agcj2 di$1 #agie74 /onew>e us$ z pl9?s ( m>ble w>e & agate vases2 ?is 0 ! exp]im5tal ,?omas ,b5tley1 /age ( ,w$gwood's celebrat$ jasp] 9 p>tn]%ip ) w>e4 ,black basalt1 or ,egyptian w>e1 ,w$gwood 7#agfh-aghj74 f9e unglaz$ /onew>e1 sometimes us$ = tea s]vices1 b ma9ly = bu/s1 m$allions1 & vases4 ,jasp] w>e4 ,w$gwood's cr[n+ inv5tion4 ,a f9e1 unglaz$ /onew>e1 :ite ?r\gh\t4 ,produc$ ei!r solid or jasp] dip1 9 blue 7v>i\s tones71 sage gre51 olive gre51 lilac1 p9k1 yell[1 & black4 ,us$ 9 classic vases1 & on cameos1 plaques1 c41 ) a gr\nd ( "o ( ^! col\rs & relief ornam5t 9 :ite4 7,see ,*apt] ,,vii47 ,william ,adams 7or ,contempor>ies ( ,w$gwood4 ,adams1 ,tun/all71 pupil ( ,turn]1 ,palm]1 ,neale & ,may]1 all made ,w$gwood 7#aghg-ahje74 w>e ( a simil> nature to above2 all ( f9e quality4 ,b5jam9 ,adams ,john ,turn]'s jasp] 0 really a 7#ahje-ahbj74 semi-porcela94 ,john ,turn] 7( ,lane ,end7 ,o!r pott]s ^: /onew>e 9 jugs & 7#agfb-aghf74 ,pott]y vases1 c41 c>ri$ on ! traditions ( cont9u$ by sons4 ,w$gwood 7?\gh 9 ! second flight71 ,h4 ,palm] 7( ,hanley71 7 ,bir*1 ,keel+1 ,clews1 ,holl9s1 f #agfi4 ,/eel1 ,myatt1 & _m o!rs1 ^: names ,neale 7#aggf-aggh7 are f\nd impress$ on w>e1 betray+ ! ,r4 ,wilson 7#aggh7 influ5ce ( ,w$gwood4 ,neale ,co4 7#aggh-aghg74 7,see ,*apt] ,,viii4 = detail$ li/47 ,jacob ,w>burton 7( ,! ,ca/le=d ,pott]y1 ne> ,le$s ,cobridge7 7#aghf-ahbf74 7#agij-ahbj71 ,david ,dund]dale 7,d4 ,d4 ,co47 made black basalt w>e 9 simil> /yle4 7,see ,*apt] ,,ix4 = details47 ,at ,swansea 7#agij-ahag7 basalt figures ( f9e /yle 7 made4 ,etruscan ,w>e 7,dillwyn ,co471 #ahde4 7,see ,*apt] ,,xii4 = m>ks47 ,,vii4 ,,figures4 ,! body ( ,/af=d%ire figures by ,ralph ,wood1 ,neale & ,palm]1 ,walton1 ,eno* 7,ma9ly ,/af=d%ire47 ,wood1 ,salt1 & o!r pott]s1 is ( cream w>e4 ,le$s figures are simil>1 & are ( ! same body z ! dess]t c5tre-pieces & o!r cream w>e4 ,mo/ ( ! ,/af=d%ire figures are unm>k$1 b !y c be id5tifi$ z belong+ to "o ( ! foll[+ s*ools1 by comp>ison ) simil> m>k$ examples4 ,salt-glaz$ ,figures4 ,a class by !mselves4 ,ma9ly small 9 size1 & no m>k$ specim5 is kn[n4 ,be>s1 cats1 birds1 & m9iature figures ( m51 *ief designs1 & ! kneel+ camel modell$ z teapot4 ,:ieldon ,s*ool4 ,arti/ic bl5d+ ( col\r+s & 7#agdj-aghj47 glaz+s4 ,animals1 birds1 sometimes classic figures1 e4g41 ,diana1 ,v5us1 & ,madonna & ,*ild4 ,m9iature musicians1 & satyr head m\ld$ 9 =m ( cup4 ,e>ly =m ( ,toby jug4 7,see illu/ration1 p4 #agi47 ,ralph ,wood ,s*ool4 ,?is repres5ts ! high-wat] m>k ( ,/af=d%ire figures4 ,vic> & ,moses ,ralph ,wood 7di$ #aggb74 gr\p1 ,toby ,jug1 ,/4 ,george & ,dragon1 ,haymak]s1 ,*>ity1 ,ralph ,wood1 jun4 7born1 ,neptune1 ,summ]1 ,old ,age1 c41 all #agdh2 di$1 #agie74 rem>kable = f9e modell+ & delicate col\r+4 ,w$gwood ,s*ool4 ,_m l>ge figures1 su* z ,c]es1 ,diana1 ,juno1 ,prud5ce1 ,=titude1 ,josiah ,w$gwood4 ,*>ity1 ,v5us & ,cupid1 c41 9 ,neale & ,palm]4 cream w>e delicately col\r$4 ,wilson4 ,neale ,co4 ,o!r subjects ( less classic ta/e 7 produc$ at ,etruria1 e4g41 ,voyez1 z a modell]1 ,sailor ) ,cutlass1 employ$ at ,etruria1 & ,girl play+ ,m&ol9e1 ,sailor's by ,neale & ,palm]4 ,f>ewell & ,return 7a pair71 ,! ,lo/ ,piece 7aft] ! ,ralph ,wood model71 & ,lak9 & ,poole4 ,elijah & ! ,wid[1 a popul> scriptural subject 7a pair74 ,fair ,hebe gr\p modell$ z a jug4 ,wood & ,caldwell ,eloqu5ce 7or ,/4 ,paul prea*+ at ,s*ool4 ,a!ns71 ,desc5t f ! ,cross1 & ,eno* ,wood o!r f9e pieces display ! p[]s ( 7#aghc-ahdj74 ,eno* ,wood at 8 be/ z a f9e modell]4 ,wood & ,caldwell ,o!r figures1 "s m>k$1 are 7#agij-ahah74 ,/4 ,seba/ian1 ,britannia1 ,qu9 z ,fal/aff1 ,antony & ,cleopatra1 ,eno* ,wood & ,sons recl9+ figures 7pair71 ,fire1 ,e>?1 7#ahah-ahff74 ,air1 ,wat] 7set ( f\r71 ,diana 7simil> to ,w$gwood72 gr\p1 ,! ,ti! ,pig 7p>son1 f>m]1 & 8 wife & baby & pigs71 ) tree & foliage z backgr\nd2 ,l$a & ,swan1 ,jolly ,travell] 7man1 dog1 & donkey71 ,hurdy-,gurdy ,play]1 ,sportsman & ,dog1 ,old ,age 7pair71 ,lov]s on g>d5 b5*1 tree backgr\nd1 ,tailor & 8 ,wife1 rid+ on goats 7aft] ! ,dresd5 model74 ,bu/s 7 also a notewor?y production ( ?is ,s*ool4 ,wesley1 ,:itfield1 ,well+ton1 ,emp]or ( ,russia1 ,napoleon1 ,miss ,lydia ,foote1 & sev]al m>k$ silv] lu/re bu/s & figures1 e4g41 ,mat] ,dolorosa1 ,boys ,read+1 c4 ,! ,vic> & ,moses gr\p & o!r e>li] models 7 duplicat$ by ?is s*ool1 & _m ,toby ,jugs 7 produc$ ( bright col\r+4 ,walton ,s*ool4 ,cont9u+ ! traditions ( ! ,wood ,s*ool1 ,walton & o!rs produc$ a great ,john ,walton 7( ,burslem7 numb] ( ,toby ,jugs1 foll[+ ! ,ralph 7#agij-ahci74 ,wood model1 b gr[+ m debas$ 9 =m & col\r+4 ,girl ) lamb1 ,boy ) dog1 & simple figures l>gely made = popul> m>kets4 ,ralph ,salt ,s*ool4 ,great fondness %[n = village gr\ps1 ) figures ) tree backgr\nd ,ralph ,salt 7( ,hanley7 7imitation ( ,*elsea /yle74 ,9 "* 7#ahab-ahdj74 ! "w ( ?is ,s*ool diff]s little f t ( ,walton4 7,see ,*apt] ,,xi4 = detail$ description47 ,le$s ,s*ool4 ,"s ( ! ,le$s figures are m>k$1 7#agfj-ahbe47 e4g41 ,v5us1 delicately col\r$1 slight oil gild+4 ,bu/s 7 made su* z ,wesley1 & ,rhytons1 or dr9k+ cups1 9 =m ( fox's head4 ,ru/ic figures ( ,*ildr51 & o!r miscellane\s subjects4 ,lion c\*ant1 ,snuff bottle 9 %ape ( ,lady's head4 ,liv]pool ,s*ool4 ,l>gely imitative ( ,/af=d%ire figures4 ,"s excell5t bu/s & figures ,h]culaneum 7 produc$4 ,bu/s ( ,wesley1 7#agid-ahda47 ,admiral ,duncan1 & ,mask ,cup m\ld$ ) portrait ( ,admiral ,rodney4 ,toby ,jug1 man /&+ upright hold+ jug ( ale4 ,lady ) bulldog at h] feet4 ,salopian4 ,e>!nw>e figures ( f9e modell+ are atta*$ to ,caughley1 b are unm>k$4 ,?omas ,turn] ,prud5ce & ,=titude 7l>ge size71 7( ,caughley71 ,antony & ,cleopatra 7recumb5t71 ab\t #aggd4 ,c]es & ,apollo1 & o!rs4 ,a figure ( ,jacob9 ,pigeon sitt+ on ne/ 9 %ape ( sauceboat has ! impress$ m>k ,s4 ,swansea4 ,c[s & o!r small figures 7 typical ( ,swansea1 b a recumb5t figure ( ,antony is m>k$ ,g4 ,b5tley1 ,swansea1 #bb ,may1 #agia4 ,sund]l& ,s*ool4 ,figures ( ,seasons1 set ( f\r female figures m>k$ ,dixon1 ,au/9 ,co4 ,%eph]ds & ,%eph]desses & ,bull ,bait+ gr\ps 7 also made "h4 ,! pott+ & col\r+ are crude1 & ! figures are ( no arti/ic int]e/4 ,,viii4 ,,lu/re ,,w>e4 ,e>ly ,copp] ,lu/re4 ,ri*>d ,frank at ,brisl+ton1 ne> ,bri/ol1 crudely decorat$ 9 simple ornam5t4 ,gold ,lu/re4 ,gold-purple or p9k 9 col\r4 ,w$gwood us$ ?is lu/re 9 mottl$ & ve9$ w>e ) ri* effect4 ,z an adjunct to o!r decoration ?is lu/re has be5 widely us$1 crudely z at ,sund]l&1 & ) f9e effect by ,spode & o!r ,/af=d%ire pott]s4 ,swansea employ$ x ) great arti/ic skill4 ,silv] ,lu/re4 ,pla94 ,late #ah? c5tury4 ,?omas ,w$gwood1 ,e4 ,may]1 ,spode1 & o!rs 9 imitation ( silv] designs4 ,decorat$4 #a4 ,silv] lu/re decorations pa9t$ on o!r col\r$ gr\nds 9 comb9ation ) subjects 9 col\rs1 birds1 foliage1 c4 #b4 ,silv] lu/re z a backgr\nd ) :ite1 blue1 or can>y-col\r$ design4 ,?is unlu/r$ gr\nd1 us$ z a patt]n1 is kn[n z ! resi/ /yle1 & "s ( ! mo/ arti/ic effects are f\nd 9 ?is1 & 9 comb9ation ) pa9t+ 9 col\rs4 ,copp] ,lu/re4 ,pla94 ,e>ly #ai? c5tury4 ,e>ly & be/ /yle ?9 & well pott$4 ,decorat$4 ,r$ or blue or gre5 9 emboss$ floral design 9 comb9ation ) copp] lu/re frequ5tly f\nd4 7,= details ( mak]s & m>ks see ,*apt] ,,xiii47 ,,ix4 ,,n9ete5? ,,c5tury ,e>ly ,exp]im5ts4 ,,developm5ts4 ,w$gwood's semi-porcela91 us$ at fir/ = ! pl9?s ( 8 v>iegat$ vases4 ,8 ,pe>l ,w>e4 ,spode's ,felsp> ,*9a1 ,n9ete5? ,c5tury4 #ahje4 ,spode's ,/one ,*9a4 ,josiah ,spode ! ,second 9 #ahje introduc$ an opaque porcela9 ( iron/one body1 :i* he t]m$ ,haynes' ,opaque ,*9a ,felsp> ,*9a1 ,/one ,*9a1 & on 7,swansea71 inv5t$ "s ( 8 m>ks1 ,new ,fay5ce4 end ( #ah? c5tury4 ,spode's new w>e receiv$ ri* decorations ,mason's ,pat5t ,iron/one 9 col\r1 9 imitation ( ,d]by & o!r ,*9a1 #ahac porcela9s4 ,riley's ,semi-,*9a4 ,haynes1 ( ! ,cambrian ,pott]y1 ,swansea1 inv5t$ a simil> opaque *9a at ! end ,m9ton's ,/one ,*9a4 ( ! #ah? c5tury4 ,meigh's ,/one ,*9a4 ,at ! ,cambrian ,pott]y 9 ?is new h>d :ite e>!nw>e1 floral pa9t+ by tra9$ arti/s 0 done 9 excell5t /yle on enamell$ gr\nds ( *ocolate4 ,mason1 ) an e>li] s(t] body1 _h foll[$ ! ,japanese col\rs 9 8 jugs1 b :5 ,*>les ,james ,mason1 9 #ahac1 pat5t$ 8 iron/one *9a1 ! jugs took a new =m1 becom+ octagonal1 & _! corn]s 7 n easily brok5 z 9 ! *alki] body4 ,long d9n] s]vices ( a great numb] ( pieces 7 made 9 ?is iron/one *9a ri*ly decorat$4 ,o!r ,/af=d%ire mak]s made /one *9a1 includ+ ,m9ton1 ,meigh1 ,riley1 ,clem5tson1 ,ridgway1 ,adams1 ,dav5port1 & _m o!rs4 ,by ! "t ! middle ( ! c5tury _h be5 rea*$1 ,engli% e>!nw>e _h ca/ (f its own *>act]i/ics & become :at s _m p to-day believe x to be--a poor imitation ( porcela94 7,= details & m>ks see ,*apt] ,,xiv47 ,,ii ,,e>ly ,,w>e ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,e>ly ,,w>e ,m$ival ,tiles 7?irte5? to sixte5? c5turies7--,slip ,w>e--,wro?am 7,k5t7 7#afef-agjc7--,/af=d%ire ,mak]s 7#affj-agjj7--,prices ( ,e>ly ,w>e4 ,z w be se5 f ! table at ! end ( ! prec$+ *apt]1 ! ma9 body ( ,engli% e>!nw>e to :i* collectors c give _! att5tion1 belongs *iefly to ! eighte5? & e>ly n9ete5? c5turies4 ,! beg9n+s ( pott]y & ! fir/ /eps t[>ds p]fection 9 art are always int]e/+1 b 9 ! realm ( ,engli% pott]y ! beg9n] _h bett] pu% =w>d z ! subject is a v complex "o1 & ! g5]al collector is p]=ce oblig$ to conf9e att5tion to ! lat] p]iods4 ,x w !re=e suffice if a ha/y survey be made ( ! *ief e>!nw>e prior to ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,m$ival ,tiles4--,f ! ?irte5? c5tury to ! dissolution ( ! mona/]ies ! ecclesia/ical tiles us$ 9 ,engl& 7 ( a p>ticul>ly noticeable "*4 ,! tiles v>y 9 size1 ! e>li] ones1 z at ,*]tsey ,abbey1 7 n m ?an ?ree or f\r in*es squ>e4 ,! e>li] ! tile1 z a rule1 ! small] is its area4 ,! tiles 7 ornam5t$ 9 v>i\s ways4 ,!y _h incis$1 rais$1 inlaid1 or pa9t$ patt]ns4 ,! incis$ & relief tiles are ! mo/ uncommon1 probably be+ ! e>li]4 ,! designs are v num]\s1 & v>y 9 "* 9 ! diff]5t abbeys at :i* !y orig9at$4 ,specim5s h be5 f\nd at ,great ,malv]n1 ,d5ny ,abbey 9 ,norfolk1 ,ca/le ,acre ,priory1 ,j]vaulx ,abbey1 ,lewes ,priory1 ,/4 ,alban's ,abbey1 & at ,*]tsey ,abbey1 :i* latt] _h "o ( ! f9e/1 if n ! f9e/1 inlaid tile pavem5t 9 exi/5ce 7,hobson74 ,! ,*]tsey tiles are ( diff]5t %apes1 sometimes be+ r\nd or half-circul> to meet ! exig5cies ( ! design1 & 9 g5]al !y are v qua9t & orig9al 9 _! conception4 ,! ,briti% ,museum has "s f9e examples ( ^! ,*]tsey tiles 9 composite pictures made up ( _m tiles4 ,! designs f\nd on m$ival tiles consi/ ( ! figures ( animals1 my?ical & h]aldic1 ( birds1 ( human heads & grotesques1 z well z conv5tional1 floral1 & geometric patt]ns4 ,!y are highly arti/ic & ( great te*nical excell5ce4 ,x is g5]ally believ$ t ! monks made ^! tiles !mselves 9 ! great religi\s h\ses1 & possibly "s ( !m may h _h =eign inspiration or h be5 made "h by =eign]s4 ,b z ! tiles at ,malv]n & at ,*]tsey are f9] ?an any f\nd on ! ,cont95t x op5s up a field = conjecture4 ,mr4 ,solon says1 ,i h (t5 ?\ght t consid]+ ! ,fr5* pavem5ts ( ! e>lie/ p]iods h mo/ly be5 f\nd 9 ! prov9ces !n "u ,engli% dom9ation1 x w\ld be wor? :ile inquir+ :e!r ! art ( tile-mak+ _h n be5 import$ f ,engl&--a po9t :i* has nev] yet be5 sift$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m$i,,val ,,tiles4 ,,tile ,,f ,,*apt] ,,h\se1 ,,we/m9/]4 ,probably ( ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,iii4 7,?irte5? c5tury74 ,,tile ,,f ,,v]ulam ,,abbey4 ,be>+ arms & initials ( ,sir ,ni*olas ,bacon 7#aeaj-aegi74 7,by ! c\rtesy ( ,mr4 ,f4 ,w4 ,phillips1 ,hit*947 ,,tile ,,f ,,malv]n ,,abbey4 7,engli%1 fifte5? c5tury47 ,,tile ,,f ,,:itmore ,,p>k1 ,,ne> ,,cov5try4 7,e>ly f\rte5? c5tury47 ,s "h1 !n1 is a subject ready to h& = ! collector will+ to specialise 9 a bran* ( c]amic /udy & collect+ n greatly inquir$ into1 & ! way has already be5 po9t$ out by exp]ts4 ,!re is e reason :y ^! ecclesia/ical tiles %\ld be /udi$ ) z mu* assiduity z are ! ,bri/ol delft pa9t$ tiles & ^? ( ,liv]pool4 ,slip ,w>e4--,?is w>e is peculi>ly ,engli% & owes little or no?+ to any =eign influ5ces1 z no w>e l x has ev] be5 made on ! ,cont95t4 ,:ite or light-col\r$ clay 0 us$ 9 ! =m ( slip1 t is1 a mixture ( wat] & clay ( su* consi/5cy z to be dropp$ 9 fanciful patt]n ^u ! d>k] body ( ! w>e mu* 9 ! same mann] z ! confection] ornam5ts 8 w$d+-cakes ) sug>4 ,c&le/icks1 cups1 tygs 7dr9k+ vessels hav+ sev]al h&les = use 9 pass+ r\nd71 posset-pots1 jugs1 besides ! l>ge ornam5tal dat$ di%es by ,t(t & o!rs 7 all made ( ?is slip-decorat$ w>e4 ,wro?am1 9 ,k5t1 claims sup]iority 9 ! manufacture ( ?is w>e1 ( :i* _m pieces exi/4 ,! e>lie/ ,wro?am specim5 is dat$ #afef 7,maid/one ,museum74 ,!re are o!r dat$ pieces1 "o z e>ly z #afba1 ( r$ clay ) m elaborate slip decoration ?an is f\nd 9 ,/af=d%ire & else:]e1 & 9 "s cases ) f9e incis$ decoration cut ?r\gh ! :ite dip & expos+ ! r$ body b5ea?4 ,b consid]able d\bt exi/s z to :e!r to ascribe "s ( ?is slip w>e to ,k5t or to ,/af=d%ire4 ,x is probable t x 0 made at _m o!r places1 c]ta9ly 9 ,d]by%ire1 9 ,wales1 & 9 ,london4 ,z "s und\bt$ ,wro?am pieces betray a slightly advanc$ type ( decoration al?\gh prior 9 date to o!r pieces made else:]e1 x has be5 fairly conjectur$ t ! /yle orig9at$ 9 ,k5t1 & 0 br\ght ?i!r by "s =eign refugees f ! ,cont95t4 ,b z x became practis$ m g5]ally 9 ,engl& x assum$ a national "* entirely its own1 & took to itself a qua9t hum\r racy ( ! soil4 ,illu/ration3 ,,t(t ,,di%1 ,,dat$ #afga4 7,9 ! ,grosv5or ,museum1 ,*e/]47 ,by p]mission ( ! ,proprietors ( ! ,connoisseur4 ,illu/ration3 ,,posset ,,pot1 ,,/af=d%ire1 ,,dat$ #afhe4 ,decorat$ 9 slip w>e1 yell[ gr\nd1 ) br[n ornam5t4 ,inscrib$ ,william ,simpson4 ,8 cup4 7,9 ! collection ( ,dr4 ,w4 ,l4 ,glai%]1 ,cambridge47 ,t(t ,w>e4--,! names ( ,ralph ,t(t & ,?omas ,t(t appe>+ on c]ta9 l>ge di%es1 usually ab\t eighte5 in*es 9 diamet]1 decorat$ 9 slip 9 a some:at crude mann]1 h giv5 ! "n to ?is class ( w>e1 :i* at be/ is peasant pott]y4 ,! ,t(ts _h _! works ne> ,%elton 9 ,/af=d%ire4 ,simil> di%es 7 made at ,d]by & at ,tick5hall4 ,! foll[+ names occur on examples 9 ! ,national & o!r collections ) dates1 ,ralph ,t(t1 ,?omas ,t(t1 #afga2 ,rob]t ,%aw1 #afib2 ,william ,*at]ly1 #afif2 ,ralph ,turnor1 #afha2 ,william ,talor1 #agjj2 ,john ,wright1 #agjg2 initials ,s4 ,m41 #agbf1 ,dubl9 ,museum 7possibly ,samuel ,may]1 ( ,d]by72 ,john ,w5t]1 #afhf2 ,i4 ,w41 #agjf4 ,! manufacture ( ?is slip w>e cont9u$1 9 m or less spasmodic mann]1 ?r\gh\t ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,pots & jugs _h illit]ate inscriptions on !m 9 halt+ v]se1 or pi\s mottoes4 ,t(t w>e1 t is1 ! l>ge di% =m1 app>5tly 0 made solely = ornam5t4 ,!re is a rem>kable ,t(t di% 9 ! ,grosv5or ,museum at ,*e/]1 hav+ ! inscription 9 ,t(t's peculi> or?ography1 ,filep ,heues1 ,elesabe? ,heues 7,philip & ,elizabe? ,hughes71 sign$ ,?omas ,t(t & dat$ #afga4 ,?is is evid5tly a m>riage plate4 ,!re is ! royal arms above1 a fav\rite design 9 ,t(t w>e1 probably copi$ f "s ( ! m elaborate =eign ,bell>m9e jugs4 ,! slip pott]s _h a fondness too = royal portraiture :i* end$ lam5tably 9 becom+ dreadful c>icatures ( ! subject4 ,z _m z n9e cr[n$ heads are f\nd on "o di% by ,ralph ,t(t1 sign$ ,ralalph ,to4 ,^! h z mu* art z ! ,/u>t /ump-"w pictures 9 ne$lework1 :i* 7 contempor>y ) !m1 9 :i* k+s & que5s 7 repres5t$ 9 no m pleas+ mann] ?an on a pack ( c>ds4 ,9 speak+ ( ,t(t's portrait di%es 9 g5]al1 & ( ! ,grosv5or ,museum example 9 p>ticul>1 ,mr4 ,frank ,free?1 no mean connoisseur1 says1 ,x mu/ n be =gott5 t ^! di%es 7 ornam5tal1 & int5d$ to occupy a conspicu\s place 9 ! homes ( loyal citiz5s1 j z oleographs ( ! ,k+ & ,que51 t "o (t5 sees 9 c\ntry cottages1 are made = ! purpose 9 ! pres5t day4 ,! same idea has rema9$2 b ! =m ( its expression has *ang$4 ,look+ at slip w>e z a :ole1 "o mu/ n be too critical 9 reg>d to its some:at in>ti/ic appe>ance4 ,x c]ta9ly has a *>m ab\t x :i* _c be d5i$4 ,x is native to ! soil1 & ?is peasant indu/ry 7if "o c appropriately t]m x su*71 is *iefly to be reg>d$ f ! /&po9t ( :at might h be5 if x _h be5 all[$ to develop on natural & untrammell$ l9es4 ,b x 0 press$ on ! "o side by /onew>e1 su* z ! ,bell>m9e jugs & mugs import$ f ,g]many1 & x f9ally succumb$ to =eign delft1 :i* 0 l>gely us$ "h prior to ! ,engli%man's det]m9$ attempt1 at ,lambe?1 at ,bri/ol1 & at ,liv]pool 7:]e x 0 ! /aple indu/ry = "s "t7 to make 8 own w>es4 ,x is ! same /ory ) ! f9e /onew>e1 ! salt glaze ( ,/af=d%ire1 :i* 0 a magnific5t outbur/ ( ,engli% art ( ! highe/ ord]1 :i* fell be=e ! *eapness ( ,w$gwood's & o!r cream w>e1 aft] a h]oic /ruggle 9 its enamell$ /age ) ! col\r$ w>e ( ! new ,engli% *9a factories4 ,^! prec$5ts might be cont9u$ fur!r up to ! pres5t day1 :5 ,g]man1 ,au/rian1 & ,japanese competition h driv5 ,engli% pott]s into ! position ( attempt+ to hold _! own aga9/ =eign art4 ,x is ! op9ion ( ! pres5t writ] t ! coats-(-arms on ! ,t(t di%es 7 a delib]ate attempt to copy ^? frequ5tly f\nd on ! belly ( ! ,rh5i% /onew>e jugs4 ,f ! days ( ,elizabe? coats-(-arms & h]aldic devices 7 a feature 9 ^! jugs us$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,among ^? at ! ,briti% & ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museums1 & 9 ! f9e collection at ! ,guildhall1 ! use ( cre/s is se5 to be a /rik+ *>act]i/ic 7see illu/ration1 p4 #ace74 ,z a conclusive pro( t ! mak] ( e>!nw>e _h 8 eye on ^! /onew>e models1 we give z an illu/ration a jug 9 e>!nw>e 7n /onew>e7 ( ,bell>m9e =m made 9 ,engl&1 und\bt$ly by an ,engli% pott]4 ,! arms on x are ^? ( ! ,e>l ( ,dorset1 n improbably ^? ( ! six? ,e>l1 ,*>les ,sackville1 :o liv$ f #afcg to #agjf1 & 0 ! au?or ( ! well-kn[n song1 runn+-- ,to all y ladies n[ on l& ,we m5 at sea indite2 ,b fir/ w\ld h y und]/& ,h[ h>d x is to write-- writt5 9 #affe1 :5 he att5d$ ! ,duke ( ,york z a volunte] 9 ! ,dut* w>1 & ?is song he compos$ :5 ) ! fleet on ! eve ( battle4 ,illu/ration3 ,,e>!nw>e ,,jug4 ,copy ( ,rh5i% ,bell>m9e or ,greybe>d =m4 ,) ! arms ( ! ,e>l ( ,dorset4 7,late sev5te5? c5tury47 7,at ! ,briti% ,museum47 ,!re is a sort ( h]aldic t\* ab\t "s ( ^! ,/af=d%ire di%es ( ! ,t(t class4 ,! same idea seems to h possess$ ! work]s ( ! ,/u>t /ump-pictures 9 ne$lework1 :i* 7 contempor>y ) ^! di%es4 ,co9s & m$als & ,/u>t m>riage-badges are evid5tly ! s\rce f :i* ,t(t & 8 s*ool on ! "o h&1 & ! g5tle ne$lewoman on ! o!r1 d]iv$ _! inspiration 9 design4 ,v>i\s animals & birds are us$ symbolically ) great fre$om4 ,! cat]pill> & butt]fly ne>ly always accompany ne$lework portraits ( ,*>les ,i41 & ! unicorn 0 ! device ( 8 fa!r ,james ,i4 ,!re seems "s simil>ity to ?is idea 9 ! use ( ! ,m]maid 9 ! di% by ,?omas ,t(t4 ,ano!r di% ( 81 entitl$ ,! ,pelican 9 h] ,piety1 depicts t bird ) h] "y1 ! idea be+ t ! pelican us$ to fe$ h] brood ) h] own blood4 ,! ,lat9s call$ filial love piety1 h5ce ,virgil's h]o is always t]m$ pius ,a5eas4 ,ralph ,simpson is ano!r "n f\nd on ?is pelican di%4 ,we give an illu/ration ( a f9e posset-pot ( ,/af=d%ire orig91 dat$ #afhe1 9 slip w>e1 ) yell[ gr\nd & conv5tional ornam5t 9 br[n1 ) dott$ "w4 ,x is inscrib$1 ,william ,simpson1 ,8 ,cup4 ,x has ?ree h&les & ?ree loops1 & is q a typical piece ( ?is class ( w>e4 ,x rec5tly sold = fifty-five p\nds 7p4 #hi74 ,metropolitan ,slip ,w>e4--,!re is a slight di/9ction betwe5 pieces made 9 ,london & f\nd dur+ excavations1 & ^? discov]$ else:]e4 ,! slip decoration is lightly done & !re is a t5d5cy to incis$ decoration ( conv5tional floral design4 ,"o noticeable feature 9 ?is type ( w>e is its inscriptions1 writt5 9 dogg]el1 always ( a pi\s nature4 ,:5 ?is y see1 ,rememb] me1--,obeay ,god's ^w2 or ,dr9k faire1 ,don't sw>e2 or ,be n hym9d$ b fe>e ,god1 #afch4 ,?is class ( w>e sav\rs /rongly ( ! ,puritan influ5ce1 & x is evid5t t ! pott]s :o made ^! pieces 7 ( ! ,praise ,god ,b>ebones ord] ( vision>y1 n uncommon at a "t :5 books ) titles l ! foll[+ appe>$1 ,"s f9e ,baskets bak$ 9 ! ,ov5 ( ,*>ity1 c>efully cons]v$ = ! ,*ick5s ( ! ,*ur*1 ! ,sp>r[s ( ! ,_s1 & ! sweet ,swall[s ( ,salvation4 ,x seems absurd 9 reg>d+ ! productions ( ?is s*ool ( ,engli% slip work]s1 f middle ,/u>t days d[n to ! e>ly ye>s ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 to consid] t ,v&yck _h pa9t$ 8 gall]ies ( beauties2 t ,holl>1 ) 8 et*+ ne$le1 _h drawn a long procession ( figures 9 co/ume1 ?\s&s ( et*+s :i* surely mu/ h caught ! eye ( "s ,t(t or "s ,simpson4 ,!re 0 ,gr9l+ ,gibbons work+ 8 arti/ic pr(usion 9 wrea?s ( fl[]s & fruit c>v$ 9 wood1 & !re 7 ! treasures ( ! silv]smi?1 to say no?+ ( ! sumptu\s furniture t 0 beg9n+ to make its way 9 ,engl&4 ,b ^! slip w>e di%es seem to /& some:at l ! ,jacobean *airs made 9 ,york%ire & ,d]by%ire1 ( ! same date1 app>5tly unaffect$ by any ( ! /hetic movem5ts ( ! p]iod4 ,simply & naturally1 &1 be x said1 crudely repres5t+ ! arti/ic aspirations ( ! ord9>y craftsman :5 he 0 left to himself1 x is nave1 /&+ z x does = ,engli% native art at a "t :5 ,b]n>d ,palissy1 ! ,fr5* pott]1 _h be5 dead a hundr$ ye>s4 ,,e>ly ,,w>e ,,prices4 ,,wro?am ,,w>e4 s4 d4 ,lov+ cup1 f\r h&l$1 f9e specim51 decorat$ 9 slip2 initials ,w4,l4,r4 & ,h4,i42 dat$ #afef4 ,so!by1 ,janu>y1 #aijf #ef #j #j ,w9e jug1 br[n ) yell[ slip1 inscrib$ ,samuel ,hugheson & dat$ #afah2 #h 94 high4 ,so!by1 ,june1 #aijf #aj #j #j ,cradle1 ) inscription1 ,m>y ,ov]ton1 ,h] cradle1 #agbi4 ,puttick & ,simpson1 ,may1 #aijh #ag #j #j ,,t(t ,,w>e4 ,plate 7#ag 94 diamet]71 ) figure ( soldi]1 9 relief1 ) sword 9 ea* h&2 trellis bord]2 dat$ #afgg4 ,w>n]1 ,leice/]1 ,m>*1 #aijf #hf #j #j ,,slip ,,w>e4 ,br[n posset-pot1 two h&l$ ) lid1 inscrib$ ,william & ,m>y ,goldsmi?1 date incis$ ,june ye #g?1 #afig2 #i 94 high4 ,bond1 ,ipswi*1 ,april1 #aijf #ae #j #j ,di%1 be>+ royal arms ( ,engl&1 inscrib$ ,g4 ,r4 #agdh2 #ah-a_/b 94 diamet]4 ,so!by1 ,june1 #aijf #ba #j #j ,posset-pot1 ?ree h&l$1 inscrib$ ,rob]t ,%aw4 ,so!by1 ,june1 #aijf #ce #j #j ,posset-pot1 l>g]1 inscrib$ ,god save ! ,que5 #agaa4 ,so!by1 ,june1 #aijf #bf #j #j ,posset-pot1 two h&l$1 inscrib$ ,iohn ,taylor1 #afij4 ,so!by1 ,novemb]1 #aijg #ab #ae #j ,di%1 slip decorat$ & salt glaz$1 inscrib$ on rim1 ,joseph ,mosson1 ! ,be/ is n too good = ,y #agbg4 ,so!by1 ,may1 #aijh #ac #aj #j ,di%1 trellis patt]n1 on rim 9 br[n & yell[ slip1 portraits ( ,*>les ,,ii4 & ,ca!r9e ( ,braganza2 inscrib$ ) mak]'s "n ,george ,taylor2 #ag-a_/b 94 diamet]4 ,so!by1 ,may1 #aijh #ec #j #j ,posset-pot1 yell[ gr\nd1 conv5tional ornam5t 9 br[n1 ) dott$ "w1 inscrib$ ,william ,simpson1 ,8 ,cup4 ,dat$ #afhe4 ,so!by1 ,decemb]1 #aijh 7see illu/ration1 p4 #hi7 #ee #j #j ,,iii ,,engli% ,,delft ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,engli% ,,delft ,:at is ,delft8--,its =eign orig9--,introduction into ,engl&--,lambe? ,delft--,bri/ol ,delft--,liv]pool ,delft--,delft ,tiles pr9t$ at ,liv]pool by ,sadl] & ,gre5--,w9canton 7,som]set7--,prices ( ,engli% ,delft ,delft1 ( all e>!nw>e1 is1 s to speak1 ! mo/ e>!n1 & pres5ts an object lesson to ! /ud5t4 ,x accurately con=ms to ! te*nical def9ition z to :at con/itutes ! diff]5ce betwe5 e>!nw>e & porcela94 ,x consi/s ( a por\s body 79 ! case ( ,dut* delft v por\s1 z we %all see lat]71 cov]$ by a ?ick coat+ ( :ite1 opaque enamel4 ,! por\s nature ( its body makes x light 9 weight1 & ! t9 enamel :i* cov]s ! br[n body enables ! pott] to pa9t ^u ?is :ite surface designs1 usually 9 blue4 ,?is decoration is ov] ! enamel1 if x 7 "u ?is opaque enamel1 t is1 on ! br[n und]nea? body ( ! w>e1 ! coat+ ( ?is :ite enamel w\ld oblit]ate ! designs4 ,aft] a piece has be5 fir$ to ! biscuit /ate & dipp$ 9 :ite enamel & pa9t$ ^u :5 dry1 x is1 to pres]ve ! pa9t+1 fir$ a second "t1 :5 x receives a ?9 surface ( transp>5t lead glaze4 ,its ,=eign ,orig94--,its "n is d]iv$ f ! t[n ( ,delft 9 ,holl&4 ,x 0 ab\t ! ye> #afjb t ,dut* pott]s inv5t$ ?is class ( w>e 9 _! attempts1 9 common ) all ! o!r ,european pott]s1 to produce "s w>e z decorative z ! porcela9 :i* _h be5 br\ght to ,europe long be=e by ! ,portuguese trad]s1 & n[ 0 be+ l>gely import$ by ! ,ea/ ,india ,dut* m]*ants4 ,?is fir/ employm5t ( a :ite enamel on a br[n e>!nw>e 0 cle>ly due to ! v natural desire on ! "p ( ! pott] to procure "s surface ^u :i* 8 decorations 9 col\r w\ld %[ well 9 contra/4 ,all primitive pott]s h pass$ ?r\gh sev]al /ages ( evolution4 ,br[n w>e 0 at fir/ pla91 !n x receiv$ scrat*$ or incis$ decoration4 ,se>*+ = great] contra/ ! pott] appli$ 8 ornam5t 9 relief 9 :ite1 z 9 slip w>e1 or he add$ col\r$ glazes1 z 9 ! ,tudor m9iature jugs4 ,b x seems t soon] or lat] ! light backgr\nd = ! pa9t$ decoration mu/ h become an ideal to /rive =4 ,x is1 9 effect1 ! same necessity :i* induces ! signbo>d pa9t] to cov] 8 br[n panel ) a :ite backgr\nd prior to pa9t+ 9 lett]s ( r$ or blue "s attractive ann\ncem5t4 ,b ) ! models ( ! ,*9ese pott] n[ con/antly be=e him ! ,dut* pott] comm5c$ at once to imitate !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lambe? ,,delft ,,j>4 ,pa9t$ 9 blue1 ) arms ( ,apo!c>ies' ,company ) cre/ mantl+ & support]s4 ,motto--,opif]3 ,qu3 p]3 orbem3 dicor2 oval %ield bel[ ) arms ( ,city ( ,london4 7#aa in*es high1 #bg-a_/d in*es greate/ circumf]5ce47 7,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,rob]t ,bruce ,wallis47 ,b pleas+ z is ! ,dut* delft 9 its f9e col\rs1 incorporat$ z !y are ) ! enamel & glaze & giv+ ! ri* tone s mu* admir$ by collectors1 & fai?fully copy+ ! =m ( ! ,nank9 models1 x falls %ort ( ^! ,ori5tal prototypes 9 _m important respects4 ,x is admitt$ly an imitation ( ! appe>ance ( porcela91 & n an imitation ( ! qualities peculi> to porcela94 ,! ,dut* pott] 9 8 delft did n1 z 9 ! case ( o!r ,european pott]s1 essay to copy ! body ( porcela91 & arrive at true h>d :ite pa/e1 z did ,meiss54 ,app>5tly he took 8 e>!nw>e1 & ) ! limitations 9 te*nique 9 its work+ he produc$ a col\rable imitation1 9 appe>ance only1 ( 8 blue & :ite ,*9ese models1 & v f9e "s ( ^! e>ly sev5te5? c5tury ,dut* delft pieces are1 & highly priz$ by collectors4 ,b delft 9 comp>ison ) porcela9 may be said to be v simil> to v5e]$ furniture 9 relation to solid specim5s4 ,! v5e] 9 ! "o case & ! enamel 9 ! o!r disguises some?+ inf]ior b5ea?4 ,introduction into ,engl&4--,!re is no d\bt t1 prior to its manufacture 9 ?is c\ntry1 a great quantity ( ,dut* delft 0 import$ & 9 g5]al use 9 ! middle ye>s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,9 deal+ ) delft w>e1 9 connection ) ! v>i\s types ( e>!nw>e at diff]5t p]iods ( ! hi/ory ( ! pott]'s art x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t delft 0 entirely ( =eign orig94 ,x ow$ ev]y?+ to ! inv5tiv5ess ( ! ,dut* pott]s1 & x ga9$ v little :5 x became acclimatis$ 9 ,engl&1 al?\gh x 0 manufactur$ "h until ! clos+ ye>s ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 :5 ,w$gwood's cream w>e drove x (f ! m>ket z a *eap & s]viceable w>e4 ,naturally ! close connection ( ! royal h\se ( ,engl& ) ,holl& accel]at$ ! fa%ion ( /or+ delft 9 closets & mak+ consid]able use ( its ri* col\rs z a decorative effect on sidebo>ds & buffets4 ,! lac cab9ets & ! f9e blue & :ite delft j>s at ,hampton ,c\rt te/ify to ! influ5ce t ! adv5t ( ,william ( ,orange _h on ! ta/e ( ! c\ntry f ! memorable ye> ( #afhh1 :5 he l&$ at ,torbay4 ,delft 0 presumably be+ made 9 ?is c\ntry fifty ye>s be=e t by ,dut* refugees1 b ! ?irties ( ! sev5te5? c5tury 0 n a v happy "t to inaugurate ! bir? ( a new bran* ( art 9 ,engl&4 ,! rumbl+s ( ! civil w> 7 9 ! air4 ,x 0 9 #afdb t ,*>les precipitat$ matt]s by go+ ) an arm$ =ce to ! ,h\se ( ,commons to arre/ five memb]s2 & sev5 ye>s lat] he lo/ 8 head 9 ,:itehall4 ,x is n until ! la/ ye>s ( ,*>les ,,ii4 t !re appe>s to be any docum5t>y evid5ce connect$ ) ! actual manufacture ( delft 9 ,engl&4 ,john ,ari5s van ,hamme1 evid5tly a ,dut* refugee1 a pott] work+ at ,lambe?1 took out a pat5t = mak+ tiles & porcela9 aft] ! way practis$ 9 ,holl&4 ,! ^w porcela9 0 us$ some:at indiscrim9ately at ?is date & app>5tly meant any?+ hav+ ! appe>ance ( ! w>es com+ ov] 9 l>ge numb]s f ! ,ea/1 import$ by our ,ea/ ,india ,company4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lambe? ,,delft ,,w9e ,,bottle4 ,inscrib$ ,,sack ,,wke #afeb4 7,at ,briti% ,museum47 ,illu/ration3 ,,bri/ol ,,delft ,,w>e4 7,ab\t #aghd47 ,repres5t+ balloon asc5t1 two figures 9 c>1 ) ,union ,jack fly+4 7,9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,w4 ,l4 ,yeulett47 ,lambe? ,delft4--,to ,lambe? mu/ be accr$it$ ! be/ results ( ,engli% delft w>e4 ,! glaze is ?9n] & :it] ?an is us$ else:]e & ! tone ( ! blue is less crude4 ,x is difficult to diff]5tiate betwe5 ! "w ( ,dut* refugees & ( ,engli% born pott]s4 ,drug pots & sack bottles =m]ly import$ f ,holl& began to be made at ,lambe?4 ,"s ( ^! bottles are dat$ & ! dates ^u !m range f #afdi1 ! ye> ( ! execution ( ,k+ ,*>les ,i41 to #affd1 dur+ ! e>ly ye>s ( ! reign ( ,*>les ,,ii41 ! ye> 9 :i* ,new ,york1 !n ,new ,am/]dam1 a ,dut* settlem5t1 0 surr5d]$ to ! ,engli%4 ,!re are n a great numb] ( ^! au!ntic dat$ sack bottles kn[n4 ,lambe? mu/ also be cr$it$ ) ! s]ies ( plates hav+ dates & initials1 & ) "s ( ! blue da% *>g]s or di%es4 ,^! are usually decorat$ ) blue da%es clumsily appli$ r\nd ! edge1 sometimes br[n is us$ in/ead ( blue4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! di% is g5]ally a figure1 (t5 on horseback1 & ! foliage ( ! trees 9 ! backgr\nd is done ) a sponge ha/ily appli$4 ,! range ( col\rs us$ is n great--blue1 gre51 orange1 puce1 & br[n4 ,sometimes f\r col\rs are f\nd on "o di%1 b n infrequ5tly ! decorator has be5 cont5t ) two1 9 addition to blue1 :i* is ne>ly always pres5t4 ,! foll[+ are among ! subjects f\nd on ^! di%es1 :i* are usually ab\t ?irte5 in*es 9 diamet]3--,*>les ,i41 ,*>les ,,ii41 ,james ,,ii41 ,william & ,m>y1 ,william on foot or on horseback1 ,que5 ,anne1 ! ,old ,pret5d]1 ,duke ( ,m>lbor\gh1 ,duke ( ,monm\?1 & ! celebrat$ ,adam & ,eve di%es1 9 :i* ,eve 0 repres5t$ z ,que5 ,m>y giv+ a k+dom to h] husb&1 repres5t$ by an orange z a pun on 8 royal h\se4 ,al?\gh portraits ( ,*>les ,i4 appe> 9 ?is s]ies1 !y are n contempor>y1 & 7 probably n made at ,lambe? until aft] ab\t #afgj1 & _! manufacture cont9u$ = a little ov] a qu>t] ( a c5tury1 t is1 until ! op5+ ye>s ( ! reign ( ,george ,i4 ,t delft 0 made 9 ,engl& a little e>li] ?an #afgb is prov$ by ! fact t 9 t ye> a royal proclamation =bade ! importation ( pa9t$ e>!nw>e to compete ) ! same production b lately f\nd out 9 ,engl&4 ,"h is an in/ance ( trade protection1 b x %\ld be borne 9 m9d at t date we 7 at w> ) ! ,dut*1 :o 7 9 t ye> defeat$ (f ,s\?wold ,bay4 ,some?+ %\ld be said ab\t ! *>act]i/ics ( ?is ,lambe? delft4 ,! body is fairly h>d & ! t9 enamel or glaze is (t5 f\nd on ! back ( ! piece2 :5 ?is is n ! case ! back has receiv$ an application ( yell[i% lead glaze4 ,! ,engli% clay be+ less spongy ?an t ( ,holl&1 did n take ! enamel well1 & (t5 %[s ! col\r ( ! body 9 p9k l9es ?r\gh ! glaze4 ,engli% delft1 ow+ to ! glaze n be+ incorporat$1 is craz$ on ! surface4 ,9 reg>d to dat$ sack bottles1 great caution %\ld be ex]cis$ 9 buy+ !m1 z g5u9e examples ( pla9 undat$ bottles h be5 skilfully r$ecorat$ by fraudul5t h&s1 & ! words ,sack or ,can>y1 toge!r ) a date1 add$4 ,!re is an elem5t ( d\bt ab\t mu* ( ! ,lambe? delft w>e1 z x is c]ta9 t "s ( ! patt]ns 7 copi$ by ! ,/af=d%ire pott]s1 & "s ( ^! copies are s fai?fully done z to puzzle exp]ts1 b _m ( ! crud] da% s]ies ( di%es & platt]s may safely be attribut$ to ,/af=d%ire4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c&le/ick1 ,,lambe? ,,delft4 ,inscrib$ ,w ,e #afdh4 7,at ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,dut* ,,brass ,,c&le/ick4 7,sev5te5? c5tury47 7,9 ! collection ( ! ,au?or47 ,9 ! illu/ration ( a dat$ c&le/ick1 ) ! initials ,w4,e4 & coat ( arms1 & dat$ #afdh1 f ! ,national collection at ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum1 x w be se5 t ! au?orities attribute an e>li] date to ! manufacture ( delft at ,lambe? ?an ! above-m5tion$ royal proclamation 9 #afgb w\ld seem to w>rant4 ,b s le>n$ an au?ority z ,pr(essor ,*ur* is ( ! op9ion t a consid]able manufactory exi/$ !re at lea/ z e>ly z #afca4 ,x is int]e/+ to comp>e ! /yle ( ?is delft c&le/ick ) a brass "o ( e>ly ,dut* manufacture1 :i* at any rate %[s t ! design1 z well z ! me?od ( manufacture1 0 d]iv$ f ,holl&4 ,ph>macy j>s1 decorat$ 9 blue & pla9 :ite delft1 7 also made at ,lambe?2 ( ?is latt] !re are _m small jugs & puzzle jugs1 & a v>iety ( fancy pieces4 ,we give an illu/ration ( a v int]e/+ ,ph>macy ,j> ) ! arms ( ! ,apo!c>ies' ,company1 & ) motto inscrib$4 ,a %ield bel[ has ! arms ( ! ,city ( ,london4 ,bri/ol ,delft4--,!re is no d\bt t ! delft ( ,bri/ol has n yet be5 ?or\ghly exploit$4 ,f>!r remov$ f ! influ5ce ( a con/ant /ream ( ,dut* examples1 ! pott]s took "s ( _! designs /raight f ,ori5tal models4 ,ri*>d ,frank & ,joseph ,fl[] are two pott]s :o _h works at ,bri/ol4 ,!y are kn[n to h manufactur$ delft z e>ly z ! op5+ ye>s ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 contempor>y ) ,lambe?1 :5 ! indu/ry at ?is latt] place 0 9 full sw+1 & delft 0 made at ,bri/ol until ! middle ( ! reign ( ,george ,,iii41 aft] :i* delft 0 no long] fa%ionable4 ,x is n easy to di/+ui% betwe5 ! productions ( ,frank & ,fl[]1 nor is x less difficult 9 "s in/ances to /ate def9itely :e!r a piece is ,bri/ol1 or ,liv]pool1 or ,lambe?1 & we might add ,/af=d%ire4 ,!re is a v int]e/+ delft plate decorat$ 9 blue1 repres5t+ a balloon asc5t4 ,9 date ?is is ab\t #aghd & x may be attribut$ to ,bri/ol or ,liv]pool 7see illu/ration1 p4 #ajg74 ,b z a rule x is held t ,bri/ol delft is blui% 9 t9t1 & has a m brilliant & ev5 surface4 ,! w>e is decorat$ ) ,ori5tal l&scapes1 & a consid]able numb] ( tiles 7 made & pa9t$ = use z pictures 9 ! fireside 9 old ,bri/ol h\ses a c5tury & a half ago4 ,b[51 ,john ,hope1 ,mi*ael ,edk9s1 & ,?omas ,pati5ce are "s ( ! pa9t]s :o work$ at ! ,frank pott]y4 ,!re is "o subject picture repres5t+ ,hog>?'s ,m>* to ,f9*ley1 & x 0 c]ta9ly execut$ m ?an once z !re is "o set consi/+ ( =ty-two tiles & ano!r ( sev5ty-two tiles ( ! same subject4 ,a peculi>ity ( "s ( ! ,bri/ol delft is ! gr\nd ( p[d]$ purple or br[n ) :ite panels1 hav+ a decoration 9 blue4 ,we illu/rate a b[l ( ?is type ( w>e1 :i*1 al?\gh n hav+ ! :ite panel1 is repres5tative ( ?is class z ! fi% is on a :ite gr\nd ) outl9e decorations 9 blue 7see p4 #aae74 ,ano!r f9e /yle ( decoration is t kn[n z bianco sopra bianco1 t is1 a patt]n ( foliage or sprays ( fl[]s enamell$ 9 :ite ^u a dull1 gre5i%-:ite gr\nd 7see illu/ration1 p4 #aae74 ,illu/ration3 ,,bri/ol ,,delft ,,plate4 ,decorat$ 9 blue 9 middle & bianco sopra bianco ar\nd bord]4 7,at ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,illu/ration3 ,,bri/ol ,,delft ,,b[l4 ,gr\nd ( p[d]$ purple4 ,decorat$ ) fi%es 9 :ite & blue4 7,9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,s4 ,g4 ,f5ton47 ,!re are _m dat$ pieces ( ,bri/ol delft ) initials1 b[ls1 m>riage & election plates1 & sometimes tile pictures4 ,at ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum !re is a f9e plate ) ! initials ,e4,m4,b41 & dat$ #agfj1 ! initials be+ ^? ( ! pa9t]1 ,mi*ael ,edk9s1 & 8 wife ,betty4 ,?is 0 made at ! factory ( ,ri*>d ,frank1 & 0 pres5t$ to ! ,national collection by ! gr&son ( ! pa9t]4 ,9 ! collection ( pott]y at ! ,bri/ol ,museum !re is an example attribut$ to ,brisl+ton :i* 9 col\r+ is slightly dull] ?an ! ,bri/ol examples4 ,connoisseurs ( ,bri/ol delft divide ! w>e into ! e>li] p]iod prior to #agce1 :5 ! decoration foll[$ ,dut* prototypes1 & !y attribute mu* ( ! ?9n] or f9] pott$ examples to ,joseph ,fl[]1 b aft] t ! ,bri/ol pott]s /ruck out = !mselves1 & imp>t$ m orig9ality 9 _! w>e4 ,l&scapes appe>$ on ! w>e1 b n se5 ?r\gh ,dut* eyes1 & a slight v>iation 0 giv5 to ! =m ( ! bases ( ! b[ls & plates1 fall+ into l9e ) typical %apes employ$ by o!r ,engli% pott]s4 ,we illu/rate a v rem>kable piece ( ,bri/ol delft :i* is dat$ #agdj1 & be>s ! initials ,i4,f41 :i* may probably /& = ,joseph ,fl[]1 ^: factory 0 on ! quay at ,bri/ol4 ,?is plate1 :i* is #ac-a_/b in*es 9 diamet]1 has a pa9t$ illu/ration ) ! inscription 9 a m$allion1 ,a ,voyage to ! ,moon1 by ,dom+o ,gonsales f ! ,ile ( ,t5]ife4 ,we d n "k :at is ! p>ticul> /ory connect$ ) ! mak+ ( ?is plate1 nor :y su* a subject %\ld h be5 *os54 ,b !re is no d\bt t ! pa9t] ( ! plate took 8 design f a book entitl$ ,! ,man 9 ! ,moone1 or a ,disc\rse ( a ,voyage ?i!r1 ,by ,dom+o ,gonsales1 ,! ,spe$y ,mess5g]4 ,we give a facsimile ( ! title-page4 ,?is 0 a romance writt5 by ,francis ,godw91 bi%op ( ,h]e=d1 & 9 ! second edition ( #afeg1 ! title-page has ! addition1 ,by ,f4,g4--,b4 ( ,h4 ,!re 7 _m editions ( ?is book1 :i* became v popul>4 ,a ,fr5* edition "u ! title ( ,l' ,homme dans ,la ,lune1 is dat$ #afga1 & has ! same illu/ration z ! fir/ ,engli% edition1 ) ! exception ( ! inscription on ! m$allion4 ,?is is n ! place to give details ( ?is int]e/+ volume1 :i* describes 9 language z fai?ful z t ( ,defoe1 ! voyage ( ,dom+o ,gonsales1 a %ipwreck$ ,spani% adv5tur]1 f ,t5]iffe to ! ,moon 9 a c> he inv5t$1 :i* 0 c>ri$ by a flock ( wild geese he _h tra9$ 9 8 solitude4 ,aft] a /ay ( a ye> 9 t c\ntry1 & meet+ ) adv5tures ) ! inhabitants ( t k+dom1 he sets sail = ! e>? & l&s 9 ,*9a4 ,he by great =tune he>s ( "s ,jesuit fa!rs hidd5 away 9 ,f> ,ca?ay1 :o welcom$ him1 mu* wond]+ to see a lay ,spani>d !re1 & by !m 8 /ory is committ$ to writ+4 ,writt5 9 #afch1 ! foll[+ s5t5ce 9 ! ,preface s\nds q mod]n1 ,t !re %\ld be ,antipodes 0 once ?\ght z great a p>adox z n[ t ! ,moon %\ld be habitable4 ,b ! k ( ?is may seem m prop]ly res]v$ = ?is1 our discov]+ age4 ,!re is no d\bt t ! book _h a v consid]able circulation1 & x is n improbable t ,swift knew ( x & incorporat$ "s ( ! ideas ( ! au?or 9 8 ,gulliv]'s ,travels1 :i* appe>$ 9 #agbf4 ,b x is n easily expla9$ :y ?is delft plate1 dat$ #agdj1 be>s ! inscription & illu/ration ( a volume publi%$ ne>ly a c5tury e>li]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bri/ol ,,delft ,,di%4 ,inscrib$ ,a ,voyage to ! ,moon by ,dom+o ,gonzales f ! ,ile ( ,t5]ife4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rev]se ,,( ,,delft ,,di%4 ,m>k$ ,i ,f & dat$ #agdj4 7,diamet] #ac-a_/b in*es47 7,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,wells47 ,liv]pool ,delft4--,collectors ( ,liv]pool delft w\ld l to ascribe _m pieces to t city4 ,b1 un=tunately1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ?is & ! o!r ,engli% delft is n s def9$4 ,"o has to take ! /yle ( subject l>gely z a guide = ! orig94 ,!re is a l>ge pun* b[l at ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum :i* may c]ta9ly be attribut$ to ,liv]pool4 ,x 0 pa9t$ by ,john ,rob9son at ,se? ,p5n+ton's factory4 ,a simil> b[l is 9 ! ,me*anic's ,in/itution at ,hanley4 ,x is pa9t$ 9 blue ) a ?ree-ma/$ man-(-w> inside ! b[l4 ,! flag is t\*$ ) r$4 ,! ext]ior %[s an array ( milit>y trophies4 ,x is some:at confus+ to collectors to "k t ! f9e pun* b[ls ( ,se? ,p5n+ton1 ) 8 r5[n$ blue col\r+1 are ( delft1 e>!nw>e1 & ( *9a4 ,^! latt] are ( great r>ity & value4 ,ano!r mak] ( delft pun* b[ls 0 ,%aw1 b x is n easy to det]m9e ) exactitude to :i* factory to ascribe "s ( ^! delft b[ls1 & !re is room = consid]able inquiry & exhau/ive rese>* to be made into ! e>ly hi/ory ( ! ,liv]pool pott]ies 9 g5]al1 z mu* in=mation is ne$$ to settle controv]sial po9ts4 ,delft ,pr9t$ ,tiles4--,x is "h t ,liv]pool /&s pre-em95t 9 ! transf] pr9t$ delft tiles4 ,z e>ly z #agej ,sadl] & ,gre5 discov]$ ! transf] pr9t+ by means ( adhesive pap] plac$ on previ\sly ink$ copp]-plates & laid on ! e>!nw>e z a decoration 9 black or 9 r$1 & sometimes puce4 ,! signature ( ! engrav]s appe>s on "s specim5s1 ,j4 ,sadl]1 ,liv]pool2 ,j4 ,sadl]1 ,liv]pl42 ,sadl]1 ,liv]pool2 ,gre51 ,liv]pool2 or ,gre54 ,! inv5tion 0 invaluable z a decoration = *9a & e>!nw>e 9 lieu ( pa9t+4 ,! foll[+ affidavit 0 made 9 #agef by ,john ,sadl] & ,guy ,gre5 t !y )\t ! aid ( or assi/ance ( any o!r p]son or p]sons1 did1 )9 ! space ( six h\rs1 to wit1 betwixt ! h\rs ( n9e 9 ! morn+ & ?ree 9 ! aft]noon ( ! same day1 pr9t upw>ds ( #a1bjj tiles ( diff]5t patt]ns at ,liv]poole a=esaid1 & :i*1 z ^! depon5ts h he>d & believe1 7 m 9 numb]1 & bett] & neat]1 ?an "o hundr$ skill$ potmak]s c\ld h pa9t$ 9 ! l space ( "t 9 ! common or usual way ( pa9t+ ) a p5cil1 & ^! depon5ts say t !y h be5 upw>ds ( sev5 ye>s 9 f9d+ out ! me?od ( pr9t+ tiles1 & 9 mak+ tryals & exp]im5ts = t purpose1 :i* !y h n[1 ?r\gh great pa9s & exp5se1 br\ght to p]fection4 ,!re is no d\bt t ?is inv5tion revolutionis$ ! decoration ( all w>es4 ,9 reg>d to ! controv]sy :i* has aris5 z to ! prior claims ( ,batt]sea = its transf] decorat$ enamels1 & ( ,worce/] = simil> decorations by ,hancock1 ! :ole matt] has be5 exhau/ively dealt ) by ,mr4 ,william ,turn] 9 8 ,transf] ,pr9t+ on ,enamels1 ,porcela91 & ,pott]y1 9 :i* ! case = ea* claimant is m9utely analys$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,title ,,page ,,& ,,illu/ration4 ,f volume1 ,! ,man 9 ! ,moone1 publi%$ 9 #afch4 7,9 ,libr>y at ,briti% ,museum47 ,sadl] & 8 p>tn] ,gre5 conduct$ a l>ge bus9ess 9 ?is transf] pr9t+ = o!r factories z well z1 ( c\rse1 = ! ,liv]pool delft & o!r w>es4 ,sadl] app>5tly left ! p>tn]%ip some:]e betwe5 #agfi & #aggd1 s t ! signature on ! tiles by him gives ! date ( _! pr9t+4 ,gre5 c>ri$ on ! bus9ess until #agii1 & s great 0 ! fame ( ! firm t cream w>e 0 s5t f ,etruria & by o!r ,/af=d%ire pott]s to be pr9t$ at ,liv]pool1 & up till #agii ,w$gwood's successors /ill cont9u$ ! practice ( hav+ _! cream w>e pr9t$ by ,gre54 ,liv]pool tiles obvi\sly diff] f ,bri/ol tiles inasmu* z ! =m] 7 pr9t$ aft] #agef1 b ( c\rse be=e t date ,liv]pool delft tiles mu/ h be5 pa9t$ z !y 7 else:]e4 ,!re are _m s]ies ( ! ,sadl] & ,gre5 p]iod1 "o notable "o be+ a numb] ( actors & actresses1 includ+ ,g>rick1 ,foote1 ,mrs4 ,ab+ton1 ,mrs4 ,yates1 & o!rs1 9 "*4 ,fable illu/rations f sop & o!rs 7 l>gely pr9t$1 & "s ( ,w$gwood's plates h be5 decorat$ 9 r$1 ) fable subjects "s five in*es squ>e1 :i*1 9 spite ( ! fe/oons 9 :i* !y are set1 _c escape f seem+ :at !y are--squ>e tile-subjects appli$ to ! decoration ( a r\nd plate--& ! result is n pleas+4 ,among ! sign$ pieces ( ,sadl] & ( ,gre51 if any diff]5ce 9 /yle c be disc]n$ 9 ! results1 x is indicat$ by ! subjects !y *ose4 ,sadl]'s "n appe>s on pa/oral subjects ) luxuri\s foliage & ) da9ty ru/ic sc5]y1 :ile ,gre5 seems to h _h a fondness = ,ori5tal gr\ps ) a framework ( fanta/ic furniture4 ,! be/ collection ( ,liv]pool delft 9 ?is c\ntry is 9 ! museum at ,liv]pool4 ,at ?is museum may be se5 ! pr9t$ "w on delft tiles ( a lat] ,liv]pool pott]1 ,za*>iah ,b>nes1 :o 0 only twelve ye>s ( age :5 ,sadl] & ,gre5 comm5c$ _! tile pr9t+1 b :o liv$ till #ahbj1 & _h a consid]able bus9ess 9 pr9t+ wall tiles ( f9e "*4 ,w9canton ,delft4--,a delft factory exi/$ at ,w9canton 7,som]set71 & rec5t excavations h br\ght to light mat]ial prov+ ! class ( w>e made !re4 ,na?aniel ,ireson is believ$ to h />t$ ! works ab\t #agcj4 ,!re are examples ( ?is delft be>+ ! "n ,w9canton1 & dat$ #agcg4 ,"o specim5 has ! "n ,na?aniel ,ireson1 & is dat$ #agdh4 ,"o ( ^! dat$ plates is 9 ! ,national ,scotti% ,museum at ,ed9burgh1 :i* we are enabl$ to reproduce z an illu/ration4 ,x is decorat$ 9 blue1 ) ! arms ( ! ,masons' ,company1 & inscrib$ ,js4 ,clewett1 & dat$ #agcg4 ,at ! back ( ! di% are pa9t$ sprays ( blossom1 & x is m>k$ ,w9canton4 ,?is is a rem>kable specim54 ,tudor ,jugs4--,?\gh e>lie/ 9 date1 we m5tion ?is la/1 z ! w>e is n true delft4 ,?is is a class ( ,elizabe?an w>e1 mo/ly small jugs "s five or six in*es 9 height1 ( br[n-&-blue mottl$ surface4 ,! ext]ior has all ! appe>ance ( ,cologne /onew>e1 b ! pieces be> a clos] relation%ip to delft2 !y h a t9 glaze1 :]eas ! /one ,cologne w>e has a salt glaze4 ,!y are exce$+ly r>e & valuable1 & "s ( !m are m\nt$ ) silv] be>+ ,elizabe?an hall-m>ks4 ,!y are disclaim$ by cont95tal au?orities1 :o refuse to ackn[l$ge !m z belong+ to _! factories1 & !y app>5tly 7 made 9 ,engl&4 ,a great deal ( my/]y surr\nds _! orig91 & no d\bt fur!r rese>* w at "s future date det]m9e ! hi/ory ( ^! specim5s :i*1 "u v>i\s fancy names1 su* z ,tig] patt]n1 due to _! peculi> mottl+1 br+ consid]able prices "u ! hamm]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,w9canton ,,delft ,,di%4 ,) arms ( ,masons' ,company4 ,inscrib$ ,js4 ,clewett #agcg4 ,,back ,,( ,,delft ,,di%4 ,%[+ ! m>k ,w9canton4 7,at ! ,royal ,scotti% ,museum1 ,ed9burgh47 ,to br+ ! /ory ( ,engli% delft to a conclusion1 x may be said t x _h an ephem]al life z a w>e = dome/ic use1 until x 0 de?ron$ by ,/af=d%ire salt glaze w>e1 :i* held ! field until ,w$gwood's cream w>e drove ?is latt] f ! m>ket4 ,,delft ,,prices4 ,,lambe?4 s4 d4 ,di%1 octagonal1 decorat$ 9 blue & :ite1 be>+ arms ( ,r\tl$ge family1 ) motto1 ,v]ax atque probus1 dat$ #afcg4 ,so!by1 ,febru>y1 #aijf #g #j #j ,coronation mug1 #c-a_/b 94 high1 portrait ( ,*>les ,,ii41 inscrib$ & dat$ ,c4 #bnd ,r41 #affj4 ,bond1 ,bri/ol1 ,april1 #aijf #ch #j #j ,set ( six plates inscrib$ ,:at is a ,m]ry ,man1 c41 all dat$ #agcd4 ,so!by1 ,june1 #aijf #da #j #j ,vessel modell$ 9 =m ( cat1 pa9t$ 9 blue1 dat$ #afeg4 ,so!by1 ,june1 #aijf #bj #j #j ,plaque1 ) arms ( ,apo!c>ies' ,company 9 blue4 ,*ri/ie1 ,novemb]1 #aijf #i #ai #f ,w9e bottle1 inscrib$ ,sack1 #afej1 9 blue4 ,so!by1 ,may1 #aijh #ae #ae #j ,plate ) blue decoration on bord]1 & ,c initials ,a ,e1 #afih4 ,so!by1 ,april1 #aijh #c #c #j ,,/af=d%ire4 ,delft di% pa9t$ ) tulip & ) blue da% bord]1 #ac 94 diamet]2 ano!r ) head ( ,*>les ,,ii41 & inscrib$ ,! ,royal ,oak2 ano!r inscrib$ ,g ,l4 #afhj4 ,so!by1 ,decemb]1 #aijh #a #ab #j ,,bri/ol4 ,plates1 small1 ord9>y /yle1 f #gs4 #f;d4 to #a #j #j ,di%es1 l>g] size1 ord9>y /yle1 f #a to #b #j #j ,plates1 small1 ) initials & dat$1 f #a #ajs41 upw>ds4 ,di%es1 l>g] size1 ) initials & dates1 or ( especial int]e/1 f #b to #e & upw>ds4 ,,liv]pool4 7,simil> prices to ^? ( ,bri/ol47 ,puzzle jug pa9t$ 9 blue1 ) v]se4 ,puttick & ,simpson1 ,decemb]1 #aije #c #ab #f ,,tudor ,,jugs4 ,^! jugs v>y 9 "*1 b are always ( "s r>ity1 & range 9 value f #aj1 z a m9imum price1 upw>ds4 ,) hall-m>k$ silv] m\nts1 9 date f #aecj-afjj1 !y are greatly s\ght aft]4 ,! ,we/ ,mall+ ,jug is ! mo/ fam\s specim5 t has be5 sold ( rec5t ye>s4 ,! description is z foll[s1-- ,fulham delft or /onew>e1 spla%$ purple1 orange1 gre51 & o!r col\rs4 ,) silv] m\nts1 hav+ ,london hall-m>k1 #aeha4 ,height1 #i-a_/b 94 ,/rong probability t x is no?+ m ?an an old sack-pot4 ,sold at ,*ri/ie's1 ,febru>y1 #aijc #a1ebb #aj #j ,,iv ,,/onew>e ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,/onew>e ,cologne ,w>e & ,bell>m9es--,john ,dwight ( ,fulham 7#afch-agjc7--,! ,bro!rs ,el]s1 work+ 9 ,/af=d%ire 7#afij-agaj7--;,john ,a/bury 7#afgi-agdc7--,?omas ,a/bury--,fulham ,/onew>e--,nott+ham ,/onew>e--,prices ( ,/onew>e4 ,/onew>e 9 po9t ( date is prior to delft 9 its beg9n+s1 & x _h 9 its subsequ5t developm5t a long] life ?an delft4 ,x has already be5 %[n 7,*apt] ,,ii47 h[ brok5 is ! hi/ory ( ! evolution ( ! pott]'s art 9 ,engl& 9 ! ,middle ,ages4 ,!re are great gaps :i* divide ! p]iod ( ! m$ival tiles f ! m or less peasant pott]y kn[n z slip w>e4 ,x is n until ! sev5te5? c5tury _h well advanc$ t ! manufacture ( /onew>e took its place z an indu/ry4 ,to ! beg9n] x %\ld be expla9$ t /onew>e is coat$ ) a glaze by means ( common salt4 ,x is extremely h>d1 & has a surface 9 old & admir$ specim5s l ! sk9 ( an orange be+ pitt$ ) m9ute depressions1 or 9 f9] & ?9n] w>e be+ l ! surface ( lea!r or *ick5 sk94 ,! ord9>y g+]-be] bottle is /onew>e1 & al?\gh s]v+ 9 a humble capacity1 is (t5 f\nd to be p]fect 9 ! te*nique ( salt glaz+4 ,9 old jugs ( sev5te5?-c5tury manufacture1 ! mottl$ col\r+ & di/9ctly pleas+ surface v>y+ 9 tone f w>m br[n to r$di%-yell[1 is exceptionally attractive to collectors :o import a love = te*nique into _! hobby4 ,und\bt$ly ! ,bell>m9e1 or ,greybe>d1 jug 0 9 use 9 ?is c\ntry = a consid]able p]iod4 ,ref]5ces ab\nd 9 old plays4 ,b5 ,jonson1 9 8 ,b>?olomew ,fair 7,act ,,iv471 makes ,capta9 ,:it say1 ,he has wra%l$ s long ) ! bottle "h1 t ! man ) ! be>d ha% almo%t /reek up hi% heel%1 9 simulation ( ! spee* ( a man :o has well drunk54 ,b x mu/ be conclud$ t ?is /onew>e1 or ,cologne w>e1 0 l>gely import$1 & 0 nev] greatly made 9 ?is c\ntry until ,john ,dwight1 ( ,fulham1 took out 8 pat5t 9 #afga4 ,!re are pieces be>+ ,elizabe?an dates & coats ( arms1 z1 = in/ance1 ! small br[n cru*e 9 ! ,s*reib] ,collection at ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum1 ) ! initials ,e4 ,r4 & ! date #aeid2 & ! f9e ,bell>m9e jug 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ) ! arms ( ,que5 ,elizabe?1 & dat$ #aeid4 ,we illu/rate a f9e /onew>e ,bell>m9e jug1 ( ! late sixte5? c5tury1 hav+ a coat ( arms ) cr[n & ,tudor roses4 ,! "* ( "s ( ^! jugs diff]s f cont95tal examples4 ,?is may h be5 due to a desire on ! "p ( ! consum] = vessels ( t type1 b !re seems "s likelihood t ! common] sorts 7 made "h1 & x is conjectur$ t ,fulham 0 ! *ief place ( _! manufacture4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/onew>e ,,jug4 ,,bell>m9e ,,or ,,greybe>d4 ,hav+ arms ) ,tudor roses4 7,late sixte5? c5tury47 7,at ,briti% ,museum47 ,illu/ration3 ,,/onew>e ,,jugs ,,) ,,royal ,,arms ,,& ,,portrait ,,m$allions ,,( ,,william ,,& ,,m>y4 ,! left-h& jug ) portrait ( ,que5 ,m>y is attribut$ to ,dwight4 7,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,f4 ,w4 ,phillips1 ,hit*947 ,9 ! gr\p ( f9e ,bell>m9e jugs illu/rat$1 ! *>act]i/ics ( ! w>e are %[n4 ,! decorations beg9 to assume a national feel+1 & ! jugs diff] 9 =m f ! cont95tal type4 ,! f9e specim5 ( grey /onew>e ) ! portrait m$allion ( ,que5 ,m>y is attribut$ to ,dwight4 ,! inscription runs ,m>ia4 ,d4 ,g4 ,mag4 ,brit4 ,franc1 et4 ,hib4 ,reg9a4 ,! "r h& jug 9 ! gr\p has a rais$ m$allion portrait ( ,william ,,iii4 ,! ,bell>m9e1 or ,greybe>d or ,longbe>d1 is s call$ f ! head :i* appe>s on ! neck ( ! jug1 :i* mask is always ref]r$ to 9 a satirical mann] z be+ ! lik5ess ( ,c>d9al ,rob]t ,bell>m91 :o r5d]$ himself obnoxi\s by 8 opposition to ! re=m$ religion 9 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries4 ,^! old examples ( =eign /onew>e1 miscall$ grs de ,fl&res1 are kn[n to h be5 made at ,r>51 at ,siegburg1 at ,gr5zhaus51 ne> ,cobl5z1 & lat] 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury !y 7 made at ,namur4 ,! fact t !y 7 import$ & n made "h appe>s f ! petition ( ,william ,simpson1 m]*ant 7,lansd[ne ,,mss47 to ,que5 ,elizabe?3 ,:]eas "o ,g>net ,tyne1 a /ra+] liv+ 9 ,acon1 9 ! p>te beyond ! seas1 be+ none ( h] ,maje/ie's subjects1 do? buy up all ! pottles made at ,cullo9 call$ ,dr9kynge ,/onepottes he onlie transporte? !m into ?is realme ( ,engl& selle? !m2 ,x may please y\r ,maje/ie to graunt unto ! sayd ,william ,simpson full p[] only lic5se to provyde1 transport1 br+ into ?is realme1 ! same or su* l ,drynkynge pots2 ! petition] adds t no ,engli%man do? transport any potte into ?is realme1 he also gives a promise z 9 him lie? to attempt to drawe ! mak+ ( su* l potte into "s decay$ t[n )9 ?is realme1 :]eby _m a hundr$ poore m5 may be set a worke4 ,?irty ye>s lat] ,lett]s ,pat5t 7 grant$ to ,?omas ,r\s & ,abraham ,cullyn 9 #afbf = ! sole mak+ ( ! /one pottes1 /one juggs1 /one bottles1 = ! t]me ( f\rte5e ye>s = a rew>d = _! inv5tion4 ,"h1 !n1 are suffici5t facts to %[ h[ l>gely ! importation & manufacture 0 9 =eign h&s1 & ! f9] specim5s mu/ und\bt$ly be assign$ to =eign pott]s4 ,john ,dwight4--,9 #afga a pat5t 0 tak5 out by ,john ,dwight = ! mi/]y ( transp>5t e>!nw>e1 commonly kn[ne by ! names ( porcela9e or ,*9a & ,p]sian w>e1 z alsoe ! mi/]ie ( ! /onew>e vulg>ly call$ ,cologne w>e4 ,x appe>s f ?is pat5t t he _h inv5t$ & sett up at ,fulham1 sev]al new manufactories4 ,!re is no d\bt t ,john ,dwight 0 "o ( ! greate/1 if n ! greate/ ( ,engli% pott]s4 ,8 magnific5t life-size bu/ 9 /onew>e ( ,pr9ce ,rup]t1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 excites ! wond] & admiration ( mod]n pott]s4 ,! te*nical excell5ce he displays 9 8 f9e /onew>e1 :i* is ( a grey-:ite or pale fawn col\r1 & is salt glaz$1 is z rem>kable a triumph ( modell+ z x is ( skill 9 pott+4 ,to quote ,pr(essor ,*ur* 9 reg>d to ,dwight's bu/s & figures1 ,!y /& absolutely alone 9 ,engli% c]amics4 ,!y are ! orig9al & s]i\s "w ( an accompli%$ modell]4 ,! be/ ( !m are in/9ct ) individuality & /r5g?1 yet retic5t ) ! retic5ce ( noble sculpture4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/onew>e ,,bu/ ,,( ,,james ,,ii4 ,by ,dwight1 ( ,fulham4 7,ab\t #afhf47 7,at ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,illu/ration3 ,,dwight ,,/onew>e ,,figures4 ,*ildr5 read+4 7,at ,briti% ,museum47 ,! illu/ration ( ! bu/ ( ,james ,,ii4 7p4 #aci7 is n s well kn[n z ! fam\s ,pr9ce ,rup]t1 nor is x ( ! same sup]lative p[]2 b x is a f9e example ( /onew>e4 ,! two figures illu/rat$ ( ,*ildr5 ,read+ h j be5 add$ to ! national collection1 & exhibit ! ma/]y ( ,dwight ov] 8 m$ium4 ,!re is no d\bt t ,john ,dwight is com+ into 8 own4 ,among ! fa!rs ( ,engli% pott]y !re are ,dwight & ,el]s1 & ,a/bury & ,:ieldon1 & ,josiah ,w$gwood1 & ! greate/ ( ^! is unque/ionably ,dwight4 ,dr4 ,plot1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,ox=d%ire1 publi%$ 9 #afgg1 passes ?is eulogy ^u him3 ,he has s advanc$ ! ,art ,pla/ick1 t 'tis dubi\s :e!r any man s9ce ,prome!us h excell$ him1 n except+ ! fam\s ,damophilus & ,gorgasus ( ,pl9y4 ,& yet ?is ,dwight is report$ to h de/roy$ mo/ ( 8 =mul & _m ( 8 pap]s connect$ ) 8 inv5tions 9 ! hope t 8 desc5dants w\ld n engage 9 s unpr(itable a bus9ess4 ,x is n kn[n :5 ,dwight 0 born2 #afch is ! conjectur$ date4 ,he 0 ,m4,a4 & ,b4,c4,l4 ( ,*ri/ ,*ur*1 ,ox=d1 & 0 secret>y to ! ,bi%op ( ,*e/]4 ,betwe5 #afga & #afgf he settl$ at ,fulham4 ,x appe>s t he _h previ\sly e/abli%$ a factory at ,ox=d ) consid]able success4 ,he di$ 9 #agjc1 & ! pott]y 0 cont9u$ by 8 son ,samuel1 :o di$ 9 #agcg4 ,! works 7 c>ri$ on by 8 wid[1 & subsequ5tly by ,william ,:ite1 :o m>ri$ h]1 & ! pott]y rema9$ 9 ! h&s ( ! ,:ite family until #ahfb4 ,( 8 portrait bu/s & /atuettes1 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum & ! ,briti% ,museum h ab\t ?irte5 examples1 & !re is a f9e /atuette ( ,jupit] 9 ! ,liv]pool ,museum4 ,besides ?is class ( w>e1 he c]ta9ly made /onew>e jugs ( ! ,cologne type1 & r$-w>e teapots4 ,he 0 kn[n to use small rais$ ornam5ts on ?is w>e1 produc$ by ! use ( metal /amps4 ,8 vases h m>bl$ decorations1 & he 0 fully aw>e ( ! use ( p\nd$ fl9t1 :i* gave 8 w>e a porcellan\s "*1 a discov]y :i* 0 n app>5tly kn[n to ! ,/af=d%ire pott]s until ab\t #agbj4a ,note3 #a ,guide to ,engli% ,pott]y & ,porcela9 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ,r4 ,l4 ,hobson4 ,9 relation to ,dwight & 8 pat5ts1 new light has be5 ?r[n ^u ! orig9ality ( ! "w ( ! ,bro!rs ,el]s 9 _! secretly-gu>d$ factory at ,bradwell ,wood4 ,all e>ne/ /ud5ts are indebt$ to ,pr(essor ,*ur* = 8 rec5t rese>*es to e/abli% ,dwight's reputation1 :i* g a great way t[>ds de?ron+ ! two ,dut* bro!rs ,el]s1 :o h be5 hi!rto reg>d$ z ! pione]s ( ,/af=d%ire f9e pott]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c(fee ,,pot1 ,,el]s ,,r$ ,,unglaz$ ,,w>e4 ,,mug1 ,,r$ ,,unglaz$ ,,w>e1 ,,probably ,,made ,,by ,,el]s ,,or ,,dwight4 7,at ,briti% ,museum47 ,illu/ration3 ,,el]s ,,r$ ,,w>e ,,teapot4 7,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,f4 ,w4 ,phillips1 ,hit*947 ,el]s ,w>e 7#afij-agaj74--,!re is a great deal ( my/]y surr\nd+ ! "n & fame ( ! two ,dut*m51 ,john ,philip ,el]s & ,david ,el]s4 ,!y came to ?is c\ntry z did s _m ( _! c\ntrym5 9 ! latt] "p ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,e>li]1 ,dut* refugees _h fl$ hi!r on acc\nt ( religi\s p]secution1 & lat]1 :5 ,william ( ,orange came ov]1 8 c\rt attract$ _m ( 8 c\ntrym5 ( di/+ui%$ bir?4 ,m>t9 ,el]s1 ! fa!r ( our two ,dut*m51 _h be5 ambassador to sev]al ,european c\rts4 ,john ,philip 8 son 0 ! godson ( ! ,elector ( ,m5tz1 aft] :om he 0 nam$1 & 0 held at ! baptismal font by ,que5 ,*ri/9a ( ,sw$54#b ,note3 #b ,/af=d%ire ,pots & ,pott]ies1 ,g4 ,w4 & ,f4 ,a4 ,rhead4 ,!re is no reason to believe t !y _h any patronage f ! c\rt !mselves1 b _! si/] 0 grant$ a p5sion ( #cjj a ye> by ,william1 & %e subsequ5tly became ! second wife ( ,sir ,william ,phipps1 f\nd] ( ! h\se ( ,mulgrave1 ! title ( ,e>l ( ,mulgrave is n[ borne by ! ,m>quis ( ,normanby1 ^: family "n is ,phipps4 ,h[ev] ari/ocratic !y 71 x is c]ta9 t !y _h consid]able practical k 9 ord] to emb>k 9 bus9ess & c>ry on a pott]y4 ,!y prep>$ ! r$ clay ( ,bradwell 9 a f> m sci5tific mann] ?an _h any ,/af=d%ire pott]s prior to t date1 & by ! la! !y turn$ =ms f> ?9n] ?an c\ld be done on ! :eel4 ,:]ev] !y _h ga9$ _! te*nical skill1 !y plac$ = ! fir/ "t ! w>es ( ,/af=d%ire on ! same plane z ,btt*]'s "w ( ,meiss51 or ! models ( ! old ,*9ese pott]s4 ,we h already %[n t !y engag$ "s ( ,dwight's workm5 f ,fulham1 & t !y infr+$ ,dwight's pat5ts 9 respect to ! ,cologne jugs & r$ teapots4 ,?is does n accord ) ! fables hi!rto indu/ri\sly repeat$ 9 e succe$+ volume deal+ ) *9a1 t ! ,el]s employ$ imbeciles 9 _! factory1 9 ord] t _! trade secrets might be jeal\sly gu>d$4 ,x is true t ,twy=d & ,john ,a/bury le>n$ all t !y want$ to "k by ga9+ employm5t at ! ,el]s pott]y at ,bradwell1 & !re is little d\bt t 9 s do+ !y simulat$ a /upid indiff]5ce z to ! new me?ods ( /amp+ *9a ornam5ts by metal /amps & ( ! la! "w employ$ on ! r$ teapots4 ,bo? black & r$ teapots 7 made by ,el]s & ornam5ts 9 ,*9ese /yle add$ 9 relief4 ,^! ornam5ts 7 /amp$ ) a metal die & laid on ! vessel1 sev]al dies 7 us$ = portions ( ! same teapot4 ,! connect+ portions su* z ! /alks betwe5 two sprigs 7 f9i%$ by h&4 ,?is r$ w>e 0 unglaz$4 ,z mo/ p are famili> ) ,w$gwood's black1 basaltes w>e1 x is useful to "k t1 except 9 col\r1 ! w>es are almo/ id5tical 9 po9t ( ext]nal appe>ance & to ! s5se ( t\*4 ,"s ( ?is r$ tea & c(fee w>e or old *9a1 z x 0 call$1 is m>k$ ) a seal 9 imitation ( ,*9ese m>ks4 ,! r$ teapots ( small dim5sions sold = t5 to tw5ty-five %ill+s apiece1 & ,david ,el]s _h a %op 9 ! ,p\ltry 9 ,*eapside1 :]e he sold !m4 ,! ,el]s left ,/af=d%ire 9 #agaj1 s t _! pott]y la/$ only tw5ty ye>s4 ,9 view ( ! fact t ,dwight compla9$ ab\t _! manufacture ( /onew>e jugs & mugs z be+ subsequ5t to 81 x w\ld seem d\btful if !y c /ill be accr$it$ ) ! inv5tion ( ?is old w>e or ) ! introduction ( salt glaze into ,engl&4 ,und\bt$ly ?is e>ly class ( h>d r$ /onew>e1 almo/ approa*+ porcela9 9 "*1 w h to be ?or\ghly review$ ) ! object ( assign+ to ,dwight :at is 81 & to ! ,el]s1 & to ,a>on1 ,?omas1 & ,ri*>d ,w$gwood :at is !irs1 to say no?+ ( ,ri*>d ,g>n]1 & ( ,john ,morley1 ( ,nott+ham1 :o confess$ to copy+ ,dwight's br[ne muggs4 ,! subsequ5t hi/ory ( ! ,el]s may be int]e/+ 9 pass+4 ,john ,philip is believ$ to h be5 9 "s way connect$ ) ! =eign glass works at ,*elsea1 e/abli%$ by ,italian workm51 "u ! patronage ( ! ,duke ( ,buck+ham1 z e>ly z #afgf4 ,he aft]w>ds1 ) ! assi/ance ( ,lady ,b>r+ton1 set up z a glass & *9a m]*ant 9 ,dubl91 & became successful4 ,david ,el]s rema9$ 9 ,london4 ,john ,a/bury4--,we h se5 t ! ,el]s' secret became kn[n 9 ,/af=d%ire to ,twy=d1 & to ,john ,a/bury1 & ?is latt] toge!r ) 8 son c>ri$ on ! same /yle ( manufacture4 ,z a g5]al rule x is held t ! w>e ( ! e>li] ,a/bury is n s %>p 9 its details z 0 ! c>eful "w ( ! ,el]s4 ,8 w>e is ( r$1 fawn1 *ocolate1 & orange col\r4 ,8 ornam5ts foll[$ ! /yle ( ,el]s 9 be+ /amp$1 b he made !m ( ,devon or pipe-clay1 :i* has a crud] effect 9 :ite ^u ! d>k] gr\nds4 ,he di$ 9 #agdc4 ,8 son ,?omas ,a/bury comm5c$ pott+ 9 #agbc1 & 8 "w is s simil> to t ( 8 fa!r1 t consid]able d\bt exi/s z to :i* pieces may safely be attribut$ to ! fa!r4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! son exp]im5t$ ) ! bodies ( clays until he produc$ a cream col\r1 aft]w>ds improv$ by ,josiah ,w$gwood 9 8 r5[n$ cream w>e4 ,we illu/rate 7p4 #adi7 an ,a/bury teapot 9 date ab\t #agdj1 ) an orange-col\r$ glaze body hav+ design 9 relief 9 :ite4 ,! o!r ,a/bury w>e teapot is ( slightly lat] date1 & has a c(fee-br[n body ) :ite & gre5 floral ornam5ts 9 relief4 ,! ,porto ,bello b[l 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ( r$ clay ) :ite /amp$ ornam5ts 9 relief ( a gr\p ( m9iature %ips 9 battle array1 made to celebrate ! capture ( ,porto ,bello by ,admiral ,v]non 9 #agci1 is held to be a typical example ( ! "w ( ! eld] ,a/bury4 ,z a rule1 black or r$ specim5s hav+ ! "n ( ,a/bury impress$ ^u !m are attribut$ to ,a/bury ! second4 ,b x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t = want ( m exact k1 all r$ w>e ) /amp$ ornam5ts appli$ 9 relief & ) indications ( pla9 eng9e turn+ has be5 g5]ically t]m$ ,el]s w>e1 & x is q c]ta9 t lat] ?an ,a/bury junior's day r$ w>e ) wavy l9es 0 made4 ,simil>ly ! type ( w>e ) :ite appli$ ornam5t 9 relief has be5 t]m$ ,a/bury w>e4 ,! eld] ,a/bury1 9 addition to ! /onew>e1 made cr\* w>e1 a t]m employ$ = ! e>li] =ms ( ! f9e delicate /onew>e kn[n z salt glaz$4 ,! y\ng] ,a/bury introduc$ ! use ( fl9t into 8 w>e 9 or ab\t #agbc4 ,collectors %\ld be caution$ n to assign plates & di%es m>k$ ,,a/bury1 to ,?omas ,a/bury4 ,!y are cream w>e1 & decorat$ 9 blue ) ,*9ese patt]ns1 & belong to a mu* lat] p]iod4 ,m5tion %\ld be made ( ,ralph ,%aw1 ( ,burslem1 :o made br[n or *ocolate w>e dipp$ 9 :ite pipe-clay1 :i* aft]w>ds 0 work$ ^u ) a tool to display ! d>k body b5ea?4 ,!re is a jug 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7,franks ,collection7 :i* is ?us decorat$ ) birds & foliage4 ,twy=d1 ! colleague ( ,a/bury ! eld]1 :5 ) ! ,el]s1 seems to h appli$ himself to ! use ( :ite decoration1 sometimes ! r$ & br[n w>e is :olly coat$ inside ) pipe-clay1 & ?is is suppos$ to be 8 "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,a/bury ,,teapot4 ,orange glaz$ body1 patt]n 9 relief4 7,ab\t #agdj4 ,height #d in*es47 7,at ,briti% ,museum47 ,illu/ration3 ,,a/bury ,,w>e ,,teapot4 ,c(fee br[n body1 :ite & gre5 floral ornam5t 9 relief4 7,ab\t #agej47 7,at ,briti% ,museum47 ,) ! adv5t ( ,josiah ,w$gwood came ! /rong classic influ5ce ^u 8 pla/ic art1 & 9 8 v>i\s classes ( /onew>e 7dealt ) 9 ,*ap4 ,,vii47 consid]able v>iety 0 introduc$ bo? 9 design & 9 col\r+4 ,among ! mo/ notable ( ! contempor>ies & successors ( ,w$gwood :o successfully produc$ high-class /onew>e1 ! foll[+ may be m5tion$3 ,william ,adams1 ,turn]1 ,elijah ,may]1 ,neale1 ,palm]1 ,bir*1 ,keel+1 & ,t(t1 ,holl9s1 ,wilson1 ,spode1 ,dav5port1 & ,dund]dale ( ,ca/le=d1 & ! ,le$s ,pott]y & ! ,swansea ,pott]y bo? made basalt 9 black w>e 7see ,*ap4 ,,viii41 ,! ,s*ool ( ,w$gwood74 ,fulham ,/onew>e4--,9 ! eighte5? c5tury ,fulham became noticeable = a type ( mug simil> to t illu/rat$ 7p4 #aec71 be>+ ! initials ,w4,g4 & ! date #agbe4 ,ano!r s]ies made at ,fulham are ! jugs usually m>k$ ) ! initials ,a4,r4 & ,g4,r4 belong+ to ! days ( ,anne & ( ,george ,i4 ,a great _m exi/ ( ! full]-bodi$ %ape1 ) initials inscrib$ ,g4,r4 ,=m]ly on museum %elves ^! 7 attribut$ to ,fulham1 b x is n[ g5]ally held t ?is =m 0 import$ f ! ,cont95t1 & belongs to ! ,grs-de-,fl&res class4 ,! true ,fulham contempor>y =m is t :i* we illu/rate 7p4 #aec74 ,! manufacture ( /onew>e cont9u$ = a c5tury1 & 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury _m f9e specim5s 7 be+ made by v>i\s pott]s1 & ,messrs4 ,d\lton1 ( ,lambe?1 /ill cont9ue to make /onew>e vases & jugs & o!r vessels ( an ornam5tal "*4 ,nott+ham ,/onew>e4--,john ,morley1 ( ,nott+ham1 0 cit$ 9 #afic1 z "o ( ! p]sons :o infr+$ ,dwight's pat5t = /onew>e4 ,evid5tly ! same family ( pott]s c>ri$ on ! bus9ess1 = 9 #agbf1 ,*>les ,morley 0 a mak] ( br[n /onew>e jugs & mugs4 ,!re is a br[n b[l at ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum be>+ ?is date4 ,! ,ca/le ,museum at ,nott+ham possesses "s f9e examples ( br[n /onew>e4 ,! dates ( jugs & mugs v>y f z e>ly z #agjj to ! la/ qu>t] ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,nott+ham w>e is smoo!r 9 its surface ?an old ,/af=d%ire1 only slightly %[+ ! orange sk9 texture s noticeable 9 ! o!r /onew>e4 ,x is ri* w>m br[n1 sometimes incl9+ to r$ & sometimes to yell[ 9 col\r4 ,be> jugs are a feature ( ,nott+ham /onew>e1 b !y are n peculi> to t pott]y1 z !y 7 also made 9 ,d]by%ire & ,/af=d%ire4 ,! ,nott+ham /onew>e is excell5tly pott$ &1 ( c\rse1 is salt glaz$1 ! glaze hav+ a slightly lu/r\s appe>ance4 ,! examples mo/ famili> to collectors belong to ! late eighte5? & e>ly n9ete5? c5turies4 ,! be> jugs may be ei!r ( pla9 surface or may h ! r\gh gra9$ ext]ior =m$ by m9ute p>ticles ( clay4 ,!y frequ5tly h a coll> ar\nd ! neck1 & a *a9 to :i* is atta*$ a rattle4 ,a r>] =m repres5ts a ,russian be> hugg+ ,bonap>te1 :o we>s a big plum$ hat4 ,puzzle jugs ) incis$ ornam5t1 & tall lov+-cups ( l>ge size1 are ano!r noticeable production2 _m ( ^! are inscrib$ ) names & dates4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fulham ,,/onew>e ,,mug4 7,dat$ #agbe4 ,p]iod ( ,george ,i47 ,) emboss$ ornam5t ( dogs1 c41 & m$allion portraits4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fulham ,,/onew>e ,,jug4 ,rais$ m$allion ) cr[n & ,g4,r4 7,p]iod ( ,george ,i47 ,incis$ decoration fill$ ) blue4 ,,/onew>e--,,prices4 ,,bell>m9es4 s4 d4 ,! prices ( ?is class v>y 9 ord9>y examples1 pla91 or ( slight decoration1 f #aes4 to #a #aj #j ,bell>m9es ) ,engli% arms ( especial int]e/ are ( consid]ably great] value1 ?\gh n always ( ,engli% orig94 ,exceptional pieces br+ exceptional prices4 ,,dwight4 ,all specim5s ( ,dwight are extremely r>e4 ,x is impossible to say :at a ,dwight /onew>e figure or bu/ w\ld realise at auction1 b c]ta9ly a v high figure4 ,,el]s4 ,el]s teapots1 c41 are r>e4 ,! small] light] col\r$ teapots ( ! true ,el]s w>e are wor? z _m half-sov]eigns z ! lat] co>s] examples are wor? %ill+s4 ,,a/bury4 ,a simil> difficulty arises 9 attempt+ to /ate prices = ,a/bury /onew>e4 ,f9e examples r>ely come into ! m>ket4 ,,fulham4 ,g4 ,r4 jugs ascrib$ to ,fulham may be b\ght f #aes4 to #a #ajs41 accord+ to condition & decoration4 ,! l>ge jugs & mugs ) m$allion bu/s ( ,william & ,m>y1 inscrib$ & dat$1 v>y 9 price f #c to #e & upw>ds4 ,,nott+ham4 ,be> jugs ( co>se type may be procur$ f #a #ajs4 to #b #aj #j ,tall ,lov+ ,cups1 inscrib$ ) "n & date1 v>y f #b to #e #j #j ,! ,russian ,be> model hugg+ ,bonap>te is wor? #e or m4 ,nott+ham ale jugs1 dat$ & inscrib$1 h realis$ #ab "u ! hamm]4 ,v ,,e>ly ,,/af=d%ire ,,w>e ,,?omas ,,:ieldon3 ,8 ,contempor>ies & 8 ,successors ,,*ronological ,,table4 ,,xviii? ,,c5tury4 ,anne #agjd ,gibralt> tak5 by ,sir ,george ,rooke4 7#agjb-agad7 ,m>lbor\gh ga9$ victory ( ,bl5heim4 #agaa-agad ,addison publi%$ ! ,spectator4 ,george ,i4 #agae ,rebellion 9 ,scotl&4 7#agad-agbg7 ,! ,old ,pret5d] l&$ at ,pet]head4 #agae-agai ,pope translat$ ,hom]'s ,iliad into ,engli% v]se4 #agai ,defoe's ,rob9son ,crusoe publi%$4 #agba ,! ,s\? ,sea ,bubble bur/2 ?\s&s ( families ru9$4 ,george ,,ii4 #agdb ,field+'s ,joseph ,&rews publi%$4 7#agbg-agfj7 #agdh ,ri*>dson's ,cl>issa ,h>l[e4 #agdi ,gray's ,elegy 9 a ,c\ntry ,*ur*y>d4 #agej ,field+'s ,tom ,jones publi%$4 #agee ,dr4 ,johnson's ,diction>y publi%$4 #ageg ,clive laid ! f\ndation ( ! ,indian ,empire4 ,george ,,iii4 #agei-fg ,/]ne's ,tri/ram ,%&y4 7#agfj-ahbj7 #agff ,goldsmi?'s ,vic> ( ,wakefield4 #agfh ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds fir/ presid5t ( ! ,royal ,academy4 #agge ,! ,am]ican ,w>4 #aggg ,%]idan's ,s*ool = ,sc&al4 #aggi ,ga9sbor\gh at ! height ( 8 fame4 #aghb ,! ,indep5d5ce ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates recognis$4 #aghf ,gillray's c>icatures comm5c$ to appe>4 #agij ,burke's ,reflections on ! ,fr5* ,revolution4 #agia ,burns's ,tam ,o' ,%ant]4 #agib ,?omas ,pa9e's ,age ( ,reason4 #agie ,w> ) ,holl&4 ,capture ( ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope4 #ahja ,union ( ,great ,brita9 & ,irel&4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,e>ly ,,/af=d%ire ,,w>e ,,?omas ,,:ieldon3 ,,8 ,,contempor>ies ,,& ,,8 ,,successors ,! =]unn]s ( ,:ieldon--,! position ( ,/af=d%ire ,w>e--,:ieldon z a pott]--,e>ly ,/af=d%ire ,art--,! rivalry ) salt glaze--,=m v]sus ,col\r--,! la/ ye>s ( ! ,eighte5? c5tury--,! ,engli% _s--,prices4 ,e>ly ,/af=d%ire is a g5]ic t]m us$ to include mu* ( ! unkn[n w>e ( ! e>ly p]iod betwe5 ab\t #agbj to #agfj4 ,x is n e>ly en\gh to g back to ! butt]-pot days ( ,*>les ,,ii4 nor to include ! s*ool ( ,t(t & 8 contempor>ies1 ) _! qua9t native hum\r4 ,b x is an important p]iod :5 e>!nw>e 0 9 a transitional /age4 ,x is1 9 fact1 ! p]iod :5 ,/af=d%ire may be reg>d$ z ! great nurs]y ( pott]s 9 swaddl+ clo!s :o came into _! majority lat] ) full hon\rs4 ,! *ronological table at ! head ( ?is *apt] %[s ! great ev5ts t 7 %ap+ ! de/9y ( ?is c\ntry1 &1 9 politics1 9 art1 & 9 lett]s1 x mu/ be admitt$ t ! age ( ,anne & ! fir/ two ,georges 0 prolific en\gh 9 incid5t4 ,x 0 dur+ ! great] portion ( ! fir/ half ( ! eighte5? c5tury t ,engli% e>!nw>e 0 f9d+ itself4 ,attempts at classification ne>ly always leave ! bord]s ov]lapp+4 ,9 try+ to ga!r 9 our net a b& ( repres5tative pott]s ) "w peculi>ly illu/rative ( ?is p]iod :i* 0 ess5tially ,engli%--z ,engli% z ,t(t--b progress+ t[>ds some?+ t %\ld /& z wor?y ( our art1 sev]al great pott]s1 su* z ! ,woods1 h escap$1 & w be treat$ sep>ately lat]4 ,x mu/ be grant$ t ! influ5ce ( ! ,:ieldon s*ool 0 n oblit]at$ ev5 by ! great rise ( ! classic s*ool ( design z exemplifi$ by ,w$gwood1 ,turn]1 & ,adams4 ,! /rong ,engli% robu/ness & ! national insul>ity ( design nev] :olly di$ out 9 ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,x 0 eclips$ by classic frigidities f across ! ,alps1 & x suff]$ discomfiture f ! rococo insipidities f ,france fir/ naturalis$ at ,*elsea & at ,d]by4 ,b x l+]$ 9 ! he>ts ( ! common p l ! tunes ( "s ( ! old ballads 9 spite ( ! fa%ions ( ,gluck & ( ,h&el4 ,?us x comes to pass t1 side by side ) ! ,iphig5ias1 ! ,&roma*es1 ! ,v5uses1 ! ,m9]vas1 & ! o!r esot]ic p]sonages f among ! gods & goddesses ( ,olympus1 ) _! accompanim5t ( =eign fauns & satyrs1 !re 7 ! v ,engli% 7f\nd$ on ,gillray & ,r[l&son71 almo/ ,rabelaisian1 grotesques 9 ! army ( ,toby ,jugs & ! sport+1 rural1 nautical1 hi/oric1 commemorative1 & satiric jugs & mugs & figures1 ) ,engli% dogg]el & ) idiosyncrasies en\gh to make our e>!nw>e ess5tially national4 ,illu/ration3 ,,:ieldon ,,w>e ,,caulifl[] ,,teapot4 ,) vivid gre5 & yell[ col\r+4 ,,tortoise%ell ,,w>e ,,plates4 ,ri*ly glaz$1 produc+ cl\d$ & mottl$ effects4 7,at ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,un=tunately 9 ! e>ly days x is impossible ) any degree ( c]ta9ty to assign _m ( ^! old] pieces to any p>ticul> pott]4 ,! collector c only lam5t ! iniquity ( oblivion bl9dly scatt]+ h] poppy1 z ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne puts x4 ,x is )\t d\bt rightly believ$ t ,?omas ,:ieldon _h a great & la/+ influ5ce ^u ! pott]s ( 8 g5]ation1 b 8 own actual "w has be5 swall[$ up by ! cov]+ phrase ,:ieldon w>e1 :i*1 l ,el]s w>e & ,a/bury w>e1 has come to mean a good _m ?+s1 & ^! are names ( types r ?an p]sons4 ,! =]unn]s ( ,:ieldon4--,x is necess>y briefly to recapitulate ! ev5ts imm$iately f ! comm5cem5t ( ! eighte5? c5tury to ! day :5 ,:ieldon e/abli%$ 8 /atus4 ,!re 0 a cont9u\s *a9 ( pott]s work+ 9 ,/af=d%ire f ! days ( ! ,el]s 7#afij-agaj71 to ! p]iod :5 ,josiah ,w$gwood became a ma/] pott] on 8 own acc\nt 9 #agfj2 he 0 !n ?irty ye>s ( age4 ,w$gwood's own e/imate ( ! ,el]s is int]e/+4 ,speak+ ( :at ,el]s did = ,/af=d%ire he says1 ,x is n[ ab\t eighty ye>s s9ce ,mr4 ,el]s came among/ u 444 ! improvem5ts made 7by him7 9 our manufactory 7 precisely ^!--glaz+ our common clays ) salt :i* produc$ ,pot d'grey or /onew>e1 & ?is aft] !y _h left ! c\ntry 0 improv$ into :ite /onew>e by us+ ! pipe clay ( ?is neighb\rhood & mix+ x ) fl9t /ones calc9'd & r$uc$ by p\nd+ 9 to a f9e p[d]4 ,!re is n a ^w ab\t ,dwight 9 all ?is2 evid5tly ,josiah seems n to h kn[n ( ! legal action aga9/ ,el]s & "o ( 8 own k9sm5 among/ o!rs4 ,! inv5tion ( fl9t is an allusion to ,?omas ,a/bury ab\t #agbj1 b ,dwight also knew ( ?is =mula z 8 record$ notes prove4 ,to cont9ue1 ,! next improvem5t by ,mr4 ,el]s 0 ! ref9+ ( our common r$ clay by sift+ & mak+ x into tea & c(fee w>e 9 imitation ( ! ,*9ese r$ porcela9 by ! ca/+ x 9 pla/] m\lds & turn+ x on ! outside ^u ,la!s1 & ornam5t+ x ) ! tea bran* 9 relief1 9 imitation ( ! ,*9ese mann] ( ornam5t+ ! w>e4 ,= ^! improvem5ts--& v great ones !y 7--we are indebt$ to ! v +5i\s ,messrs4 ,el]s1 & ,i %all gladly contribute all 9 my p[] to hon\r _! memories & transmit to po/]ity ! k ( ! obligations we owe to !m4 ,?is is 9 respect to a jasp] m$allion portrait ( ,john ,philip ,el]s4 ,w$gwood is wrong 9 "o or two p>ticul>s4 ,! salt glaze "q is op5 to d\bt1 & mo/ c]ta9ly ,el]s nev] us$ m\lds = _! w>e4 ,we give ?is z %[+ ! cont9uity :i* exi/$ betwe5 ,el]s & ,w$gwood1 ! latt] c]ta9ly ow$ 8 application ( ! ornam5tation 9 relief to ! me?od :i* ,el]s _h introduc$ into ,/af=d%ire4 ,we d n say inv5t$1 because !re is always ,dwight /&+ 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,to give ,el]s 8 due he c]ta9ly set ,/af=d%ire talk+ & wond]+1 & he unwitt+ly fill$ ,twy=d & ,a/bury ) new ideas :i* !y 7 n sl[ to adopt4 ,a/bury comes z ! e*o :i* ,el]s left beh9d 9 ,/af=d%ire1 a sub/antial en\gh e*o1 = ,a/bury took 8 ma/]'s ideas & creat$ a w>e ) :ite /amp$ ornam5ts 9 relief1 to :i* 8 own "n is giv5 z a g5]ic t]m4 ,john ,a/bury ! eld] di$ 9 #agdc1 & ,?omas1 8 son1 comm5c$ pott+ z e>ly z #agbc4 ,& ! ,a/burys rub %\ld]s ) ,?omas ,:ieldon1 ^: appr5tice & sometime p>tn] 7#ageb-ageh7 0 ,josiah ,w$gwood4 ,x w ?us be se5 t ,?omas ,:ieldon 7#agdj-aghj7 came ^u ! sc5e 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,/af=d%ire pott]ies :5 ! art 0 9 a some:at transitional /age4 ,new fields 7 op5+ & new ideas develop+ t 7 %ortly to br+ ,engli% pott]y into l9e ) t on ! ,cont95t4 ,! position ( ,/af=d%ire ,w>e4--,x is necess>y to %[ ! /age at :i* ,engli% pott]y _h arriv$ 9 ord] to place ,:ieldon aright & to %[ ! v>i\s impulses :i* l$ to ! outbur/ ( pott+ :i* /irr$ ,/af=d%ire4 ,/onew>e 9 crude =m or 9 highly f9i%$ =eign /yle 9 ,cologne w>e _h be5 ga9+ gr\nd s9ce ,tudor days4 ,lat] ! use ( delft _h won fav\r & 0 /ill 9 full sw+ at ,lambe?1 at ,bri/ol1 & at ,liv]pool :5 ,:ieldon comm5c$ pott+4 ,x _h also become acclimatis$ 9 ,/af=d%ire4 ,t(t's & o!r slip w>e 0 contempor>y ) delft z a native art4 ,& n[1 look+ =w>d1 we see ! oncom+ triumph ( /onew>e1 9 its f9ely pott$ & highly arti/ic ,/af=d%ire =m1 :i* 0 to ov]?r[ delft & slip w>e1 & 9 turn be /amp$ out by ! utilit>ian cream w>e ( ,:ieldon's appr5tice1 ,josiah ,w$gwood1 :o built up 8 =tune at ,etruria on ?is dome/ic w>e4 ,! ,:ieldon p]iod 7#agdj-aghj7 0 an important "o 9 c]amic ev5ts4 ,9 #agdd ,b[ comm5c$ to make porcela94 ,9 #agde is ! e>lie/ dat$ piece ( ,*elsea porcela91 ! ye> t ! ,pret5d] won ! battle ( ,pre/on ,pans1 ne> ,ed9burgh1 & invad$ ,engl&1 br++ 8 army z f> z ,d]by4 ,9 #agej1 ,d]by made e>!nw>e1 & 9 #agea comm5c$ to make porcela91 :i* is ! same ye> 9 :i* ,worce/] comm5c$ a glori\s record 9 ! mak+ ( porcela94 ,longton ,hall1 ,bri/ol1 & ,liv]pool cont9u$ ! same /ory1 & transf]-pr9t+ 0 practis$ at ,worce/] by ,hancock on porcela91 & at ,liv]pool on delft tiles by ,sadl] & ,gre54 ,l[e/(t op5$ a kiln 9 #agef4 ,le$s w>e 0 made 9 #agfj1 &1 f9ally1 ,w$gwood's que5's w>e 9 #agfb1 & f\r ye>s be=e ,:ieldon gave up 8 "w ,w$gwood _h inv5t$ 8 jasp] w>e4 ,:ieldon z a pott]4--,n a great deal is kn[n ( ,:ieldon's p]sonality4 ,he mu/ h comm5c$ 9 a small way ( bus9ess z he tramp$ f place to place ) specim5s ( 8 w>es on 8 back 9 p$l> fa%ion4 ,b he became ( consid]able importance z he held ! (fice ( ,high ,%]iff ( ,/af=d%ire 9 #aghf1 "s six ye>s aft] he retir$ f 8 pott]y4 ,:ieldon numb]$ among 8 appr5tices "s "y m5 :o aft]w>ds became fam\s4 ,!re 0 ,josiah ,w$gwood1 :o became 8 p>tn] f #agec to #agei1 ,josiah ,spode1 & ,william ,greatba*1 ,edge1 ,hea?1 ,m>%1 & !re 0 ,a>on ,wood1 :o 0 employ$ at ,little ,f5ton = "s "t4 ,on acc\nt ( 8 appr5tices hav+ become fam\s1 x has be5 sugge/$ t he 0 probably indebt$ to !m = mu* ( 8 fame4 ,on reflection x may possibly be se5 t ! opposite conclusion may v well be true1 & x is n improbable t ,w$gwood & ,spode & ,greatba* & ! o!rs ow$ a consid]able debt to ,:ieldon = hav+ receiv$ a highly te*nical tra9+ at 8 h&s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,teapot1 ,,tortoise%ell ,,w>e4 ,emboss$ ) haw?orn patt]n4 7,at ! ,royal ,scotti% ,museum1 ,ed9burgh47 ,illu/ration3 ,,b[l ,,& ,,cov]1 ,,tortoise%ell ,,w>e4 ,emboss$ ) floral patt]n4 7,at ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,9 reg>d to cream w>e1 und\bt$ly ?is 0 9 an exp]im5tal /age1 & ,:ieldon 9 common ) ,a/bury made ^? que] little figures ) yell[ heads & r$ or yell[ bases1 b ! tortoise%ell fl[n col\r+ app>5tly d5otes "s ( ! specim5s made by ,:ieldon4 ,he made salt glaze1 he made tea & c(fee pots ) ! ,a/bury decorations1 b ) a /rong lean+ to ! e>li] ,el]s /yle 9 8 avoidance ( too /rong contra/ betwe5 :ite pipe-clay ornam5t on a d>k body4 ,:ieldon ton$ 8 ornam5ts ) t\*es ( 8 own 9 gre5 & yell[ & br[n4 ,8 solid agate w>e & 8 tortoise%ell & cl\d$ w>es1 & 8 caulifl[] w>e h become s memorable 9 ! cab9ets ( collectors t !y h won him fame1 & he has 9 consequ5ce be5 cr$it$ ) all specim5s ( ^! classes ( w>e4 ,we illu/rate 7p4 #afa7 an example ( ! ,:ieldon ,caulifl[] ,teapot ) vivid gre5 & yell[ col\r+4 ,( ?is e>ly p]iod1 ! f9e gr\p we illu/rate 7p4 #aga7 ) a c(fee-pot ( glaz$ r$ w>e1 a kaol9 ( deep cream col\r decorat$ 9 r$1 may n unreasonably be attribut$ to ,john ,a/bury1 :ile ! little ,figure ( fl[n col\r+1 ) r$ base & br[n %oes1 may be ei!r by ,:ieldon or possibly by ,?omas ,a/bury4 ,! solid agate ( ,:ieldon is some?+ f> m arti/ic ?an ! comb$ w>e ( e>li] days or ! v r\gh attempts at solid agate made by clumsi] h&s ?an 8 own prior to 8 exp]im5ts4 ,surface decoration 9 imitation ( agate _h be5 produc$ by employ+ two diff]5t col\r$ clays on ! surface ( a vessel1 & :5 9 a wet /ate comb+ !m to repres5t ! desir$ ve9+ ( ! /one to be simulat$4 ,solid agate is ano!r process ( plac+ lay]s ( clay ( diff]5t col\rs & cutt+ !m 9 section to %[ ! b&s ( col\r4 ,9 ,:ieldon's h&s ! lay]s 7 ?9 & ! waves & twi/s1 cut (f ! clay ) a wire l *eese is cut1 %[$ 9 ! f9i%$ result some?+ m arti/ic ?an _h ev] be5 attempt$ be=e4 ,he made jugs & sauceboats1 teapots1 teapoys1 & o!r table ut5sils ( ?is w>e1 includ+ knife h&les4 ,no two pieces are exactly alike1 & !re is a consid]able v>iety 9 ! bread? ( ! ve9+ & 9 ! w>e1 "s be+ int5tionally co>s] 9 ord] to suit ! subject pott$4 ,!re is no d\bt t ?is w>e1 /&+ 9 a measure 9 a cul de sac ( c]amic art1 is highly effective1 & ,w$gwood us$ ) great skill bo? ! solid agate & ! surface col\r = 8 ornam5tal pieces & vases ( classic type1 9 imitation ( granite1 ,egyptian pebble1 jasp]1 porphyry1 & sev]al k9ds ( agate4 ,8 range ( col\r 0 m ext5d$ ?an t ( ,:ieldon1 b !re is little d\bt t he ga9$ 8 fir/ k ( ! prop]ties & possibilities ( ?is v>iegat$ w>e :5 he 0 ) ,:ieldon4 ,ca/+ ab\t = some?+ equally effective ) possibly less te*nical difficulties1 ,:ieldon evolv$ 8 celebrat$ cl\d$ w>es4 ,"h he took advantage ( ! new cream w>e z a body1 ! surface ( :i* is spla%$ or spong$ ) v>i\s t9ts 9 imitation ( tortoise%ell1 al?\gh _m ( ! col\rs introduc$ dep>t f tortoise%ell tones & introduce some?+ fre% & orig9al 9 e>!nw>e decoration4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,( ,,a/bury ,,w>e4 ,,kyl94 ,*iefly r$ & deep cream col\r4 ,,c(fee ,,pot4 ,glaz$ r$ w>e4 ,,figure4 ,fl[n col\r+1 r$ base & br[n %oes4 7,9 ! collection ( ,col4 & ,mrs4 ,dickson47 ,illu/ration3 ,,agate ,,cat4 7#d in*es high47 ,grey1 ) br[n solid m>bl+1 & spla%$ ) blue on body & e>s4 ,,salt-,,glaz$ ,,be> ,,jug4 7,height #c-a_/h in*es47 7,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,rob]t ,bruce ,wallis47 ,!re is ! pat5t tak5 out by ,r$ri* & ,jones1 ,/af=d%ire pott]s 9 #agbd1 = /a9+1 ve9+1 spott+1 cl\d+1 or damask+ e>!nw>e1 to give x ! appe>ance ( v>i\s k9ds ( m>ble1 porphyry1 & ri* /ones1 z well z tortoise%ell4 ,& ,ralph ,wood1 ( ,burslem1 made v>iegat$ w>e ( a p>ticul> k9d :i* may well be t]m$ tesselat$1 z small pieces ( t9t$ clay 7 affix$ or inlaid on ! surface ( vessels to be decorat$1 & subsequ5tly glaz$4 ,?is mosaic "w 9 imitation ( granite 0 employ$ also at ,le$s4 ,to return to ,:ieldon4 ,!re is no d\bt t he f\nd ?is v>iegat$ w>e 9 a some:at in*oate /ate 9 reg>d to te*nique1 & ! m sci5tific exactitude :i* he employ$ has ga9$ = 8 w>es _! fame4 ,we illu/rate 7p4 #afg7 two f9e examples ( tortoise%ell w>e1 a ,teapot emboss$ ) haw?orn patt]n design1 & a f9ely decorat$ ,b[l & ,cov] hav+ a runn+ floral patt]n 9 relief4 ,! _m col\r$ dess]t plates1 sometimes ( octagonal %ape1 made by ,:ieldon 9 ?is lat] mottl$ mann]1 9 :i* ! surface only is decorat$1 are well kn[n to collectors4 ,9 ,:ieldon's own examples ! pott+ is m p]fect ?an 9 ^? ( o!r pott]s4 ,8 plates are to be recognis$ n only by _! col\r1 b 9 ! v subtle way he has h&l$ x4 ,! deft t\* ( blue or yell[ or gre51 has 9 o!r h&s become a pat* ( obvi\s crudity1 /rik+ a discordant note at once4 ,! deep grey octagonal plates by him are lov$ by connoisseurs z exhibit+ 8 subtlety at its be/4 ,we illu/rate two examples ( ?is class ( ,:ieldon tortoise%ell plates ) ri* br[n col\r+ fleck$ ) gre5 & yell[ 7see p4 #afa74 ,! me*anical mottl+ by 8 imitators1 seem+ly dabb$ on 9 spots by a sponge1 %\ld n be easy to di/+ui% aft] hav+ se5 "o ( 8 be/ examples4 ,9 reg>d to ! pott+1 ,:ieldon w>e plates h a flat broad rim1 :i* almo/ inv>iably has a bord] ( appli$ /rips laid crosswise4 ,b x mu/ n be =gott5 t1 :5 once ! fa%ion = ,:ieldon w>e became g5]al1 o!r pott]ies came into l9e4 ,at ,liv]pool ?is class ( mottl$ & cl\d$ w>e 0 made1 & also at ! ,ca/le=d pott]y1 ne> ,le$s1 & consequ5tly _m unm>k$ examples may be attribut$ to ^! pott]ies4 ,"s ( ! ,ca/le=d tortoise%ell plates are impress$ ,d4,d4 ,co4 ,e>ly ,/af=d%ire ,art4--,among ! e>li] figures ( ! ,a/bury pott]y ! eld] ,a/bury work$ f #agcf to #agdc1 & 8 son cont9u$ 8 traditions lat]4 ,!re are a numb] ( quadrup$s & birds :i* are assign$ by collectors to ! eld] ,a/bury1 :i* are1 al?\gh crude1 extremely int]e/+ z %[+ ! exp]im5ts 9 col\r$ clays & 9 lead glaz+4 ,agate figures ( cats ( int]m+l$ clays1 & dim9utive figures ( m51 "s six in*es 9 height1 ) spla%$ or cl\d$ decoration1 all come into ?is indet]m9ate p]iod4 ,! figure 9 ! gr\p 7p4 #aga7 already ref]r$ to is a case 9 po9t4 ,9 ! illu/ration ( a f9e specim5 ( an agate cat1 9 height only #d in*es1 ! body col\r is light grey ) d>k br[n solid m>bl+1 & ! front & e>s are spla%$ ) blue4 ,ano!r m9iature animal figure belong+ to ?is p]iod is ! salt-glaze jug 9 =m ( a be>1 only #c-a_/h in*es high 7see illu/ration1 p4 #aga74 ,illu/ration3 ,,:ieldon ,,tortoise%ell ,,animal4 7,9 ! collection ( ,col4 & ,mrs4 ,dickson47 ,,spla%$ ,,cream ,,w>e ,,elephant4 7,/af=d%ire1 ab\t #agej4 ,height #c-c_/d in*es47 7,at ,briti% ,museum47 ,illu/ration3 ,,:ieldon ,,gr\p4 ,,/4 ,,george ,,& ,,! ,,dragon4 ,knight 9 gre5 & cream2 horse & base tortoise%ell4 ,,e>ly ,,/af=d%ire ,,figures4 ,old ,wom5 ,huck/]s4 7,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,james ,davies1 ,*e/]47 ,we illu/rate two animals1 "o ( ! tortoise%ell v>iety1 a bea/ ( =midable appe>ance & hav+ consid]able p[] 9 ! modell+ & /rongly sugge/ive ( ! jagu>1 b x mu/ be rememb]$ t bea/s z depict$ 9 contempor>y books h an incl9ation t[>ds h]aldic mon/]s su* z nev] 7 on l& or sea4 ,! spla%$ cream w>e elephant1 only #c-c_/d in*es 9 height1 is fairly well modell$4 ,b ^!1 9 common ) ! _m dim9utive figures ( a l nature1 belong to a p]iod :5 ,/af=d%ire 0 endeav\r+ to f\nd an ,engli% s*ool ( pott]s1 bl9dly grop+ along 9 almo/ untutor$ fa%ion--lame 9 design & feeble 9 inv5tiv5ess4 ,f out ( ?is *aos x seems impossible t !re %\ld arise s\l en\gh to set ! fa%ion lat]--ne>ly fifty ye>s lat]--to ! cont95t ( ,europe1 & make ,engli% e>!nw>e ! =midable rival 9 po9t ( *eapness1 & (t5 9 po9t ( beauty1 to any?+ produc$ on ! ,cont95t4 ,b ! e>!nw>e ( ,/af=d%ire 0 able to tea* new po9ts 9 te*nique conc]n+ body & glaze to ! cont95tal pott]4 ,9 ! illu/ration %[+ ! gr\p ( ,/4 ,george & ! ,dragon x w be se5 t ! modell+ beg9s to assume a m pret5ti\s "*4 ,! prevail+ col\rs ( ! knight are gre5 & cream1 ! horse & ! base ( ! gr\p are ( ! famili> tortoise%ell col\r+4 ,beside ?is ,/4 ,george are two e>ly ,/af=d%ire figures repres5t+ two old wom5 z huck/]s4 ,"h ! feel+ is in/9ctively ,engli%1 z national z are ! ,dut* begg>s ( ! sev5te5?-c5tury ,dut* et*]s4 ,pity x is t ?is class ( figure1 record+ national & local types1 did n develop on un9t]rupt$ l9es4 ,x is true1 & ( ^! we %all speak lat]1 t ! family ( ,wood 9 _! types c>ri$ on ! tradition1 b ! un=tunate classic influ5ce monopolis$ ! tal5ts ( ! be/ modell]s4 ,we illu/rate two f9e examples ( ,toby ,jugs belong+ to ! ,:ieldon p]iod4 ,!re is a /rong family lik5ess betwe5 ! two4 ,! left-h& "o is ri*ly glaz$ & mottl$ 9 tortoise%ell m>k+s4 ,! o!r has ! f9e transluc5t col\r+ & glaz+ s noticeably prom95t 9 ?is s*ool4 ,!y are bo? rem>kably good specim5s ( ! ,:ieldon mann]1 & ( unusual int]e/1 z !y repres5t ! ,toby jug 9 its e>lie/ =m4 ,! rivalry ) ,salt-glaze4--,?is ,:ieldon w>e 7( c\rse x mu/ n be =gott5 t ,:ieldon made salt-glaze too7 0 contemporane\s ) undecorat$ salt-glaze w>e1 :i* at its be/ exhibit$ 9 no small degree a complete k ( ! /r5g? & beauty ( =m unaid$ by col\r4 ,b 9 ?is s*ool ( ,:ieldon !re is a di/9ct appeal to col\r z a lead+ feature ( ! w>e z oppos$ to =m4 ,!re is a f9e arti/ic bl5d+ ( ! col\rs & ! v>iation ( ! glazes :i* palpitate ) life & give extraord9>y p[] to pieces possess$ ( ! ,:ieldon t\*4 ,n only on flat surfaces su* z ! well-kn[n octagonal plates1 b 9 figures & gr\ps su* z we h illu/rat$1 ^! col\r effects 7 employ$ ) consid]able dext]ity4 ,s t1 9 ! contemplation ( black-&-:ite illu/rations ( ,:ieldon w>e1 ev]y?+ is lo/ :i* gave ! beauty & ri*ness & mell[ness :i* h an irresi/ible *>m to ^? collectors :o conf9e !mselves to ?is e>ly s*ool ( col\ri/s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,:ieldon ,,toby ,,jug4 ,ri*ly mottl$ & glaz$4 7,9 ! collection ( ,col4 & ,mrs4 ,dickson47 ,illu/ration3 ,,:ieldon ,,toby ,,jug4 ,f9e transluc5t col\r+ & glaz+4 7,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,a4 ,h4 ,baldw947 ,=m v]sus ,col\r4--,! salt-glaze pott]s1 :5 !y left _! ideals ( =m & essay$ to become col\ri/s z well1 made ?is attempt *iefly = two reasons4 7#a7 ,!y _h a v laudable desire to emulate ! col\r$ porcela9 made at ,worce/]1 ,b[1 ,*elsea1 & ,d]by1 :i* _h become a s]i\s competitor 9 _! m>kets4 7#b7 ,!y recognis$ a c]ta9 weakness 9 _! w>e 9 reg>d to its inapplicability to figures & gr\ps4 ,unless ! modell+ is ( ! highe/ ord] ! salt-glaze figures are insipid4 ,) reg>d to enamell$ salt-glaze 9 g5]al ?is is dealt ) 9 ano!r *apt]1 b x may "h be rem>k$ z t\*+ ! second po9t--! salt-glaze figure--t ! salt-glaze pott] br\ght himself directly 9 comp>ison ) ! figures & gr\ps ( e>!nw>e ( ! lat] ,:ieldon s*ool4 ,realis+ t if he mu/ /& at all z a figure pott] 8 modell+ mu/ be sup]lative1 we f9d ! salt-glaze figures1 :i* are ma9ly small 9 size1 tak5 direct f ! antique or f porcela9 models4 ,b feel+ ! lack ( col\r he add$ t\*es "h & !re by apply+ reliefs ( diff]5t col\r$ clays to height5 ! effect4 ,! salt-glaze pott] r>ely enamell$ 8 figures 9 col\rs4 ,9 ! illu/ration ( a salt-glaz$ figure 7p4 #cea7 !re are slight t\*es ( blue4 ,s t 9 ! conte/ betwe5 salt-glaze 7! pre-em95t art ( ! ,/af=d%ire pott] 9 e>ly eighte5?-c5tury days7 & its two great rivals1 ,engli% porcela9 & ,/af=d%ire col\r$ e>!nw>e1 9 o!r words--,=m v]sus ,col\r--! fir/ fall x receiv$ 0 at ! h&s ( ,:ieldon w>e4 ,! col\r$ & exquisitely cl\d$ tortoise%ell plate1 ) its f9e gradations ( tone ?robb+ ) col\r1 m ?an holds its own ) ! salt-glaze plate1 ev5 al?\gh its cle>-cut arabesque designs & intricate patt]ns exhibit ! excell5ce ( its pott+4 ,! ,la/ ,ye>s ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury4--,en\gh has be5 said to %[ t ?is typically ,engli% s*ool _h firmly e/abli%$ itself 9 ,/af=d%ire4 ,:ieldon1 ,dr4 ,?omas ,w$gwood1 ,a>on ,wood 7block cutt] to ,:ieldon71 ,josiah ,spode ! fir/1 ,greatba*1 ,eno* ,boo?1 & _m o!rs1 firmly adh]$ to _! love ( col\r & _! desire to see cream w>e triumphant4 ,! /ruggle = ! supremacy ( e>!nw>e ov] ,engli% porcela9 0 /ill wag+4 ,& ,w$gwood1 ) 8 m>vell\s inv5tion ( jasp] w>e & 8 equally /up5d\s innovation 9 ! introduction ( sev]e classic ornam5t1 did n impose 8 /yle on all ,/af=d%ire4 ,we %all see 9 a lat] *apt] h[ he _h a cr[d ( foll[]s & imitators1 b at ! same "t _m1 v _m1 productions 7 pott$ contempor>y ) him t ow$ no?+ 9 design to him1 & on ! face ( !m be> no traces ( ! classic influ5ce4 ,x is ?is ov]lapp+ p]iod1 dur+ :i* s _m examples are unm>k$1 :i* is s puzzl+ to ! collector4 ,old ,/af=d%ire1 !y c]ta9ly are1 ,e>ly ,/af=d%ire !y may n be1 b !y exhibit a national & orig9al feel+ :i* x is impossible n to recognise & value4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,( ,,e>ly ,,/af=d%ire ,,jugs4 #a4 ,jug4 ,p5cill$ floral decoration 9 blue4 ,inscrib$ ,william & ,m>y ,h>rison4 ,"o ,no!r & ,!n4 #b4 ,jug4 ,panel ) ,mis] ea* side 9 relief4 #c4 ,jug4 ,he>t-%ap$ panel 9 l[ relief1 ,*ildr5 at ,play4 #d4 ,jug4 ,panels ( ,peacocks 9 relief4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,( ,,e>ly ,,/af=d%ire ,,jugs4 #a4 ,f9ely mottl$ granite jug4 #b4 ,:ieldon jug4 ,figures 9 col\r$ relief4 #c4 ,jug4 ,m\ld$ 9 =m ( satyr's head4 7,! above gr\ps are 9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,james ,davies1 ,*e/]47 ,we illu/rate two gr\ps ( jugs :i* belong to ?is p]iod4 ,9 ! top jug ( ! upp] gr\p1 :i* is p5cill$ ) blue floral decoration1 ! sp\t betrays a trace ( ,worce/] & a t+e ( classicism 9 ! acan?us leaf ornam5tation at its base4 ,b ! inscription drops at once into ! homely v]nacul>1 ,william & ,m>y ,h>rison ,"o ,no!r & ,!n4 ,! qua9t phonetic spell+ tells its own /ory ( ! mission ( ! ale-h\se jug1 ) its invitation to ano!r bur/ ( hospitality4 ,! ?ree jugs bel[ are ( ! same species4 ,! h&les v>y slightly1 %[+ ! incl9ation to adopt silv] models4 ,! left-h& "o has a panel ) figure ( ,mis] 9 relief ea* side4 ,! middle jug1 ) ! he>t-%ap$ panel1 is decorat$ 9 relief ) gr\p ( ,*ildr5 at play4 ,su* subjects _h n appe>$ on jugs be=e ,w$gwood's day1 b ! idea might easily h be5 d]iv$ f contempor>y pr9ts ( ! pretty s*ool ( ,b>tolozzi & ,angelica ,kauffman4 ,! "r-h& jug1 ) its ,peacocks 9 relief1 is evid5tly d]iv$ f ! exotic birds ( ,worce/]4 ,9 ! o!r gr\p ( jugs1 ! upp]mo/ betrays 9 ! sp\t & neck di/9ct traces ( its indebt$ness to classic =ms4 ,x is transluc5t gre5 9 col\r1 & ) col\r$ figures 9 high relief4 ,at ! front is ,%akespe>e1 ) figures ( ,mis] & ,sp5d?rift ea* side4 ,betwe5 ^! 7"o is j visible 9 illu/ration7 are classic m$allions4 ,?is is an incongru\s /yle ( decoration1 & %[s h[ little ! ,/af=d%ire pott] :o made x und]/ood ! mean+ ( ornam5t4 ,he realis$ t ! classic /yle 0 becom+ popul>1 & s he half hesitat+ly affix$ two cameos to 8 o!rwise h>moni\s production4 ,! granite-w>e jug1 f9ely mottl$1 ) two black-&-:ite b&s z ornam5t r\nd body1 is ! new] developm5t ( ! e>ly v>iegat$ w>e4 ,! "r-h& jug is1 9 its gn>l$ & bulgy protub]ances1 kn[n z ! crab/ock v>iety1 ! m\ld+1 9 ! =m ( satyr's head cr[n$ ) v9es1 is an addition & is extrane\s to ! usual crab/ock =m4 ,obvi\sly ?is is a weld+ toge!r ( ! ,engli% & classic grotesque1 & ! comb9ation is n too h>moni\s4 ,! e>ly ,/af=d%ire pott]s1 ap>t f ! spla%$ & v>iegat$ w>e associat$ ) ,:ieldon1 made a v>iety ( w>e 9 pre-,w$gwood days & 9 ! late eighte5? c5tury4 ,obvi\sly su* a jug z t illu/rat$ 7p4 #ahi7 is an ,ori5tal design tak5 /raight f ! contempor>y ,engli% porcela91 or ev5 f ! actual ,*9ese orig9al4 ,b ! ,/af=d%ire pott] 0 cons]vative 9 8 %apes4 ,simil>ly1 su* jugs z t illu/rat$ 7p4 #ahi7 ) ! ru/ic design 9 crude pa9t+1 or seem+ly 9 p>ts appli$ ) a sponge1 mu/ h be5 g5]al 9 ! latt] half ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,! sc5e is sugge/ive ( ,h]rick & maypoles & haywa9s & ru/ic junket+s1 & su* e>ly cream-w>e cid]-mugs & ale-jugs are n uncommon4 ,! ,mug 7illu/rat$ p4 #ahi7 %[s di/9ctive qualities4 ,x is by ,eno* ,wood4 ,x is decorat$ ) transluc5t b&s at top & base1 & ornam5t$ ) a diap]-patt]n /amp$ & col\r$ br[n1 ) alt]nate l9es ( grey4 ,^! jugs & mugs are "h illu/rat$ to impress ^u ! read] ! fact t 9 ! ,:ieldon p]iod 7#agdj-aghj7 o!r =ms ?an v>iegat$ w>e 7 be+ made1 & mu* unid5tifi$ e>ly ,/af=d%ire w>e belongs to ! lat] ye>s ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,! ,engli% _s4--,^! =ms--& ! field is a great "o = detail$ /udy--7 gr[+ up 9 spite ( =eign & un-,engli% fa%ions1 & long aft] ,w$gwood's day !y exi/$4 ,x seems z ?\gh x 0 a dogg$ & ob/9ate attempt on ! "p ( ! pott] to ignore classic models1 & produce some?+ und]/&$ ( ! p4 ,obvi\sly su* w>e did n rise to elaborate ornam5tal vases1 b conf9$ itself to mugs & jugs & useful articles 9 common use4 ,s t1 9 spite ( ! enorm\s influ5ce ( ,w$gwood1 bo? 9 te*nique1 b m especially 9 decoration1 ^u 8 contempor>ies & 8 successors1 x w\ld seem t !re 0 always an und]curr5t ( pott]y :i*1 ev5 if crude1 0 extremely national4 ,x appeal$ to no cosmopolitan cli5tle1 & ! pott]s :o made x 7 n important en\gh to issue price li/s 9 ?ree or f\r languages4 ,_! message--z convey$ by _! qua9t inscriptions1 ,"o ,no!r & ,!n1 ,i dr9k to y ) all my h>t1 ,m]y met & m]y "p1 & a ho/ ( o!r nave s5tim5ts--comes direct f ! he>t ( ! pott] to 8 fri5d & neighb\r :o b\ght 8 w>es4 ,9 a ^w1 we may say t mu* t is native1 mu* t is racy ( ! soil1 9 ! long l9e ( que] ,/af=d%ire figures ( animals & birds & ( homely individuals1 grotesque 9 _! dim9utive p]sonality1 owe direct k9%ip to ,:ieldon & ! pre-,w$gwood s*ool ( pott]s1 =getful ( ! cold classic day1 &1 9 ! words ( ,william ,blake1 snug by ! glad sun%9e ( ! ,aleh\se s heal?y & pleasant & w>m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cream ,,w>e ,,jug4 ,pa9t$ decorations 9 "u-glaze col\rs4 ,typical example ( ,ori5tal influ5ce on e>!nw>e4 7,9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,w4 ,l4 ,yeulett47 ,illu/ration3 ,,/af=d%ire ,,cream ,,w>e ,,jug4 ,crudely pa9t$ 9 col\rs ) ,engli% subject4 ,typical ( e>!nw>e ( latt] "p ( eighte5? c5tury4 7,9 ! collection ( ,mrs4 ,m4 ,m4 ,fairbairn47 ,illu/ration3 ,,b>rel-,,%ap$ ,,mug ,,by ,,eno* ,,wood4 ,decorat$ ) transluc5t gre5 at top & base4 ,diap] patt]n /amp$ & col\r$ br[n1 & alt]nate l9es ( grey4 7,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,rob]t ,bruce ,wallis47 ,,prices--,,e>ly ,,/af=d%ire ,,w>e4 ,,:ieldon4 s4 d4 ,teapoy1 squ>e1 cream col\r$1 spla%$ ) gre51 hav+ female emboss$ figures1 & inscrib$ ,abraham ,r&ell1 ,alice ,r&ell #aggi1 #e-a_/d 94 high4 ,bond1 ,ipswi*1 ,april1 #aijf4 #g #aj #j ,plates1 pair1 foliage 9 blue on mottl$ gr\nd1 inscrib$ ,,lbc #agci4 ,*ri/ie1 ,june1 #aijf #ad #c #f ,teapot1 agate w>e1 modell$ ) %ells4 ,*ri/ie1 ,june1 #aijf #ab #a #f ,figures ( musicians 7?ree74 ,*ri/ie1 ,novemb]1 #aijf #ac #b #f ,plaque4 ,portrait ( ,s>ah ,malcolm ,saund]s1 execut$ 9 #agcc 7v r>e71 tak5 f picture by ,hog>?4 ,so!by1 ,novemb]1 #aijf #b #aj #j ,teapot & cov] & milk ew] & cov]1 mottl$4 ,puttick ,simpson1 ,novemb]1 #aijf #d #d #j ,figure ( ,hope1 ) spla%$ & mottl$ base4 ,so!by1 ,febru>y1 #aijg #a #ae #j ,toy ,teapot & cov]1 ) v9e-leaves & grapes 9 relief1 decorat$ 9 ri* transluc5t col\rs4 ,so!by1 ,febru>y1 #aijg #b #ah #j ,teapot & cov]1 agate w>e1 modell$ ) %ells4 ,*ri/ie1 ,april1 #aijg #e #ae #f ,teapot1 ) roses 9 col\rs on blue gr\nd1 & ano!r ) rosebuds & /rawb]ries on p9k gr\nd4 ,*ri/ie1 ,april1 #aijg #bg #f #j ,teapot1 teacup1 & two sauc]s1 ) fl[]s 9 col\rs 9 ,*9ese /yle4 ,*ri/ie1 ,april1 #aijg #aa #j #f ,gr\p ( two birds 9 tree1 transluc5t col\rs4 ,so!by1 ,july1 #aijg #b #ah #j ,teapot & cov]1 ) peasant figures 9 col\rs4 ,*ri/ie1 ,july1 #aijg #ac #ac #j ,figure ( ,/ag at re/1 mottl$ br[n & :ite1 on gre5 p$e/al 7#aj-a_/b 94 high74 ,*ri/ie1 ,novemb]1 #aijg #aj #aj #j ,gr\p ( ,lov]s1 pair1 ) birdcage1 lamb1 & dog 7#aj 94 & #aa 94 high74 ,*ri/ie1 ,janu>y1 #aijh #bb #a #j ,/4 ,george & ,dragon figure 7#aa 94 high71 & gr\p ne>ly simil>4 ,*ri/ie1 ,janu>y1 #aijh #aj #aj #f ,figures1 pair1 ,peasant ,boy & ,girl1 emblematic ( ,autumn & ,w9t]1 on octagonal pl9?s 7#g-a_/d 94 high71 & a ,figure ( ,man ) ,bagpipes 7#h-a_/d 94 high74 ,*ri/ie1 ,janu>y1 #aijh #ac #ac #j ,k+ ,david ,figure 7#ab-a_/b 94 high71 & ,neptune 7#aa-a_/b 94 high71 on squ>e p$e/als1 ) m$allions 9 relief4 ,*ri/ie1 ,janu>y1 #aijh #ad #c #f ,caulifl[]-patt]n ,teapot1 cream-jug1 & cani/]4 ,*ri/ie1 ,febru>y1 #aijh #aa #j #f ,teapot & cov]1 solid agate w>e1 v l>ge size4 ,so!by1 ,may1 #aijh #aj #j #j ,teapot & cov]1 =m$ ( leaves1 ) rabbit on cov]4 ,so!by1 ,may1 #aijh #d #d #j ,,a/bury ,,w>e4 ,teapot & cov]1 d>k buff body1 decorat$ 9 relief ) grapes1 t5drils1 & leaves 9 cream col\r4 ,so!by1 ,novemb]1 #aijg #c #aj #j ,teapot & cov]1 br[n hexagonal %ape1 ) panels ( ,*9ese subject 9 relief1 lid surm\nt$ by rabbit4 ,so!by1 ,novemb]1 #aijg #c #ae #j ,a/bury & e>ly ,:ieldon figures1 :i* are ( small size z a rule1 range 9 price f #d to #aj4 ,exceptional examples comm& mu* high] prices4 ,,vi ,,salt-,,glaz$ ,,w>e--,,/af=d%ire ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,salt-,,glaz$ ,,w>e--,,/af=d%ire ,! orig9ality ( ,engli% ,salt-glaz$ ,w>e--,:at is ,salt glaze8--,e>ly ,salt-glaze--,! classes ( ,salt-glaze--,its decad5ce & its ext9ction--,prices ( ,salt-glaz$ ,w>e4 ,! f9e salt-glaz$ /onew>e ( ,/af=d%ire :i* 0 made dur+ ! great] "p ( ! eighte5? c5tury is some?+ 9 art ( :i* ! ,engli% pott] may v ju/ly be pr\d4 ,x is remotely d]iv$ f ! f9e ,flemi% & ,rh5i% decorat$ /onew>e1 b ! connection ends ) ! common qualities ( be+ glaz$ ) salt & ( be+ extremely h>d1 almo/ s h>d z to resi/ a file4 ,b 9 ! ,/af=d%ire salt-glaz$ w>e ! body became almo/ ( a porcela9-l quality4 ,x 0 able to be made z ?9 z /amp$ silv]1 & 9 ! ?9ne/ portions ( ! pieces x is transluc5t l porcela94 ,inde$1 s9ce ! days ( ,el]s 7:om ,dwight t]m$ a silv]smi?7 e>!nw>e1 or r /onew>e1 took "s ( its details 9 =m & 9 ornam5t f ! work] 9 silv]4 ,! appli$ ornam5t ( ,el]s /amp$ ) a brass die sugge/s ! metal work]1 &1 ) ! models ( ! s*ool ( ,a/bury be=e !m1 ,/af=d%ire pott]s foll[$ ! same me?ods4 ,x is n a/oni%+ to f9d ! m\ld$ designs ) _! intricate patt]ns 9 ! new] s*ool ( pott]s ( salt-glaze w>e--:i* 9 its be/ p]iod 7#agbj-agdj7 reli$ solely on =m & n on col\r1 be+ a dull1 creamy :ite--emulat+ ! f9e "w ( ! silv]smi?4 ,x 0 only a natural /riv+ 9 ! new g5]ation ( pott]s ( ! ,:ieldon s*ool1 ) fre% inv5tions 9 clays & glazes & m\lds1 to ca/ ab\t !m = bett] & wor?i] ideals ?an ,t(t _h1 & fre%] models ?an /onew>e ,bell>m9es :i* _h be5 9 circulation 9 ! c\ntry s9ce ,tudor days4 ,silv] models provid$ _m a f9e %ape = ,w$gwood1 8 cream w>e & 8 basalt teapots are bodily tak5 f ,%effield4 ,b imitativ5ess has always be5 ! curse ( ,engli% pott]s4 ,w$gwood copi$ 9 jasp] w>e ! cameo "w ( ! classic _w1 & ! :ole ( ,/af=d%ire to a man comm5c$ to pot on simil> l9es4 ,?r\gh ! la/ decades ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 & well into ! n9ete5?1 ?\s&s ( vases & jugs 7 turn$ out z e*oes ( ,etruria 9 ,/af=d%ire :i*1 z its "n d5otes1 0 b an e*o ( some?+ c5turies e>li]4 ,b[ call$ itself ,new ,canton1 & ,worce/] slavi%ly copi$ ,*9ese m&>9s & exotic birds1 co9$ 9 ! bra9 ( "s ,ori5tal pott]4 ,*elsea copi$ ,dresd51 & ,l[e/(t copi$ ! ,b[ & ,worce/] copies ( ,*9ese orig9als1 & ! li/ c\ld be prolong$ ad nauseam4 ,illu/ration3 ,,salt-,,glaz$ ,,lov]s' ,,teapot4 ,9 ! %ape ( a he>t4 ,floral decoration slightly gild$4 7,at ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,illu/ration3 ,,salt-,,glaz$ ,,teapot4 ,9 ! =m ( a camel4 7,9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,f4 ,w4 ,phillips1 ,hit*947 ,inde$1 ?is curse lies v heavy on ! collector :o has to devote a great portion ( 8 en]gy to rese>* 9 ord] to det]m9e :o fir/ made c]ta9 models4 ,?is1 un=tunately1 t5ds to div]t ! /udy ( old e>!nw>e1 its arti/ic qualities & its te*nical triumphs1 into *annels m or less cont5ti\s4 ,! lit]ature ( ,engli% c]amics is rapidly becom+ l _m ( ! editions ( ,%akespe>e1 :]e a few l9es ( text /& z an oasis 9 a des]t ( comm5tators' controv]sial op9ions4 ,x is1 !re=e1 refre%+ to f9d1 z "o does und\bt$ly f9d 9 ,/af=d%ire salt-glaz$ w>e1 "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable & orig9al outbur/s 9 ,engli% art pott]y t has tak5 place4 ,?is delicate /onew>e is z ?9 z "s ( ! ,ori5tal porcela91 & possesses a grace & symmetry peculi>ly its own4 ,9 "s ( its decorations x be>s a lik5ess to ,*9ese "w4 ,?is does n detract f its high place z a c]amic record4 ,on ! contr>y1 ?is similitude is a tribute to pay to its arti/ic excell5ce1 = !re is v little e>!nw>e t came out ( ,/af=d%ire t w be> comp>ison ) ! "w ( ! ,*9ese pott]4 ,:at is ,salt glaze8--,we "k t _m ( ! /onew>e ,bell>m9es & ,rh5i% jugs 7 glaz$ ) salt4 ,x 0 a process kn[n on ! ,cont95t at a v e>ly date1 "s au?orities place x z e>ly z ! twelf? c5tury4 ,b x 0 n until ! second half ( ! sixte5? c5tury t ,g]man & ,flemi% pott]s us$ ?is salt glaze to any great ext5t4 ,we h se51 9 ! *apt] on /onew>e1 t ! appe>ance 9 ! mottl+ & 9 ! orange-sk9-l surface is due to ! action ( salt glaze4 ,to cov] pott]y ) an out] surface has be5 practis$ f e>lie/ times ei!r by ! use ( "s glassy mat]ial or by p[d]$ lead4 ,glaz+ ) common salt 0 q a new dep>ture by ! ,engli% pott]s4 ,9 ord] = ?is salt glaze to be us$ !re mu/ be a v high temp]ature1 s high1 z a matt] ( fact1 t x w\ld melt or s(t5 9 ! kiln mo/ ,engli% e>!nw>e4 ,?is is :]e /onew>e 9 its body diff]s f e>!nw>e2 x is :at is t]m$ refractory1 t is to say1 x is n readily fusible4 ,/onew>e is n always glaz$4 ,el]s did n glaze 8 r$ w>e1 & ,w$gwood did n glaze 8 basalt or black w>e4 ,/onew>e c also be glaz$ ) o!r processes ?an ! salt glaze1 b1 z a rule1 /onew>e is associat$ ) salt glaze4 ,)\t ent]+ too t$i\sly into ! exact /eps by :i* salt glaz+ is p]=m$1 x may be r\ghly describ$ z foll[s4 ,o!r glazes1 su* z lead1 are appli$ to ! surface ( ! w>e prior to its entry into ! kiln = fir+1 b 9 salt glaze ! glaze is incorporat$ ) ! w>e :ile x is actually 9 ! kiln4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! fir+ common salt 7*loride ( sodium7 is ?r[n into ! kiln1 :i* is pack$ ) ! w>e1 ?r\gh ap]tures 9 ! kiln :i* has to be specially design$ = salt-glaze use4 ,at ! high temp]ature ( ! kiln 7ab\t #b1aij ,fahr47 ! salt is volatis$ & its vap\r p5etrates ! sagg]s 7t is1 ! e>!n vessels conta9+ ! pieces be+ made71 :i* h p]=at$ sides to enable ?is vap\r to =m on ! surface ( ! pieces be+ fir$4 ,?is vap\r *emically unites ) ! silica l>gely pres5t 9 ! body ( ! /onew>e1 & =ms a silicate on ! surface ( ! w>e4 ,t is to say1 ! /onew>e becomes coat$ ) a ?9 lay] or glaze ( sodic silicate or soda-glass4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,( ,,salt-,,glaz$ ,,w>e4 ,jug enamell$ 9 col\rs4 ,teapot blue enamel by ,littl]4 7,9 ! collection ( ,col4 & ,mrs4 ,dickson47 ,?is *emical action tak+ place simultane\sly ) ! f9al fir+ ( ! w>e be=e its removal f ! kiln incorporates ! glaze ) ! body ( ! w>e itself4 ,x is ?is comb9ation :i* causes ! m9ute depressions or t9y p9-holes 9 all /onew>e f ,bell>m9es d[n to ! f9ely & ne>ly transluc5t salt-glaz$ ,/af=d%ire w>e :i* has a surface l t ( lea!r4 ,! same multitud9\s p9-hole surface is *>act]i/ic ( ,ori5tal porcela91 :i* l /onew>e is fir$ at a v high temp]ature1 & ! glaze & ! body complet$ at "o fir+ 9 ! gr& feu4 ,?\gh1 ( c\rse1 ?is is n salt glaze1 nor is ! surface o!r ?an z smoo? z glass to ! t\*1 al?\gh "u a /rong glass or ev5 to ! nak$ eye ^! p9-holes are easily disc]nible4 ,at ! pres5t day salt glaze is ma9ly us$ = su* w>e z ink-pots1 dra9 pipes1 insulators = telegraphic in/rum5ts1 & common g+]-be] bottles4 ,! connection betwe5 ,john ,dwight1 ( ,*ri/ ,*ur*1 ,ox=d 7,ma/] ( ,arts71 ! creator ( ! magnific5t bu/ ( ,pr9ce ,rup]t1 ! glory ( ! c]amic collection at ! ,briti% ,museum1 & betwe5 ,john ,philip ,el]s1 godson ( ,que5 ,*ri/9a1 & ?is sad array ( utilit>ian nondescripts1 is n a pleas+ subject = reflection4 ,x is sad to ?9k t ^! triumphs h be5 won 9 va9 by ! g5ius ( ! old pott]s ov] ! pla/ic clay4 ,:at an ignoble end+ to ! long *a9 ( exp]im5ts6 ,:5 ,dwight de/roy$ 8 secret memor&a x is z ?\gh he =esaw ! era ( ! dra9pipe4 ,e>ly ,salt-glaze4--,! e>ly /ages ( ! manufacture ( salt-glaz$ w>e 7 crude & exp]im5tal4 ,!re is "s connection betwe5 ! f9ely pott$ lu/r\s /onew>e ( ,nott+ham & ,cr\* w>e1 ! undevelop$ =m ( ! lat] phase ( f9ely-pott$ ,/af=d%ire salt-glaze w>e4 ,?is ,cr\* w>e repres5ts ! transitional /age betwe5 ! ord9>y br[n /onew>e & ! lat] drab or greyi% :ite examples4 ,cr\* w>e at its e>lie/ 0 n made 9 ,/af=d%ire till #afij1 & !re is presumptive evid5ce to %[ t salt-glaze br[n w>e 0 made at "s pot-works at ,cri*1 ne> ,matlock1 ,d]by%ire2 & t ! same or simil> clay 0 us$ by ! ,/af=d%ire pott]s :o gave x t "n1 & !re is pro( t ! ,cri* pott]y exi/$ z e>ly z #agag1 & ,nott+ham has dat$ pieces z e>ly z #agjj4 ,on ! face ( x1 9 spite ( ,josiah ,w$gwood's lett] 9 connection ) ! m$allion to ,john ,philip ,el]s1 !re is little evid5ce to g ^u to cr$it ! ,el]s ) hav+ made salt-glaze w>e at all4 ,excavations on ! site ( _! factory at ,bradwell ,wood h only result$ 9 ! discov]y ( fragm5ts ( _! unglaz$ r$ w>e1 r$ porcela9 z x 0 call$1 & exp]ts h pron\nc$ _! ov5 z be+ unfitt$ = salt-glaze op]ations4 ,on ! :ole1 !re=e1 9 accordance ) ! late/ rese>*1 "o is incl9$ to come to ! conclusion t ! ,bro!rs ,el]s did n inv5t ,/af=d%ire salt-glaz$ w>e4 ,if !y made x at all1 !y made v few examples4 ,! r$ w>e is !irs z f> z ,/af=d%ire is conc]n$1 al?\gh ,dwight _h some?+ to say on t score :5 he *>g$ !m & ,nott+ham pott]s & o!rs ) infr++ 8 pat5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,salt-,,glaz$ ,,teapot4 ,enamell$ 9 col\rs4 ,m>k$ ,john ,t(t4 7,9 ! collection ( ,col4 & ,mrs4 ,dickson47 ,among ! e>ly mak]s ( salt-glaz$ w>e 7 ,a/bury & ,twy=d1 & ,?omas ,a/bury1 son ( ! =m]1 be+ associat$ ) ! introduction ( gr\nd fl9t into ! body 9 #agbj4 ,?omas ,bill+ 9 #agbb1 & ,ralph ,%aw 9 #agcb1 made fur!r improvem5ts 9 ! body4 ,dr4 ,?omas ,w$gwood & ,a>on ,wood1 & ,?omas ,:ieldon & ,ralph ,daniel1 ( ,cobridge1 7 all well-kn[n mak]s ( ?is w>e1 ! latt] hav+ introduc$ pla/]-(-p>is m\lds 9 lieu ( alaba/]1 & be+ fur!r notable = 8 enamell$ decorations 9 col\r1 9 ! p]iod #agdc to #agej1 :i* attempt$ to vie ) ! contempor>y col\r$ porcela94 ,william ,littl]1 ( ,longton1 us$ a simil> blue to t :i* he us$ on ! porcela9 at ,longton ,hall4 ,at ?is date ! w>e became :ite 9 col\r1 & took its pleas+ =ms s de> to connoisseurs4 ,! ,classes ( ,salt-glaze4--,9 its v>i\s /yles salt-glaz$ w>e may be r\ghly divid$ into p]iods4 ,! exp]im5tal /age 0 ov] 9 #agbj4 ,f #agbj to #agdj ! undecorat$ or :ite examples 7 made1 dep5d+ on =m = _! beauty4 ,^! _h appli$ ornam5tation /amp$ ) metal dies1 or made 9 sep>ate m\lds & affix$ to ! body to be decorat$ 7simil> to ! ,el]s /yle74 ,x is dur+ ?is p]iod t "s ( ! f9e/ pieces 7 made ) %>p1 cle>-cut designs4 ,lat]1 :5 m\lds 7 made ( pla/]-(-p>is 9 place ( alaba/]1 ! design became blurr$4 ,among ! mo/ beautiful designs 9 ?is pla9 :ite w>e hav+ rais$ ornam5t are sauceboats1 pickle trays1 sweetmeat di%es1 teapoys or tea cani/]s1 & teapots2 ^! latt] are ( a great v>iety ( %apes1 _m hav+ %ell ornam5t1 v exquisitely m\ld$1 & o!rs be+ ( hexagonal %ape divid$ into comp>tm5ts4 ,!re is1 too1 a trace ( ! grotesque disc]nible 9 "s ( ^! teapots & a subtle hum\r too r>ely f\nd 9 ,engli% pott]y4 ,!re are ^? ( ! camel =m1 su* z ! specim5 illu/rat$ 7p4 #aig74 ,! peculi> h&le made by h& is v noticeable1 usually su* h&les are snipp$ (f at ! end4 ,o!rs are ( ! %ape ( a h\se1 & _m types ( ?is design occur4 ,"s are 9 ! =m ( a squirrel4 ,!n !re are ! he>t-%ap$ teapots ) ! sp\t incongru\sly repres5t+ an arm re/+ on ! neck ( a swan4 ,^! teapots 7 suppos$ to h be5 made = lov]s4 ,we give an illu/ration 7p4 #aig7 ( "o ( ^! he>t teapots1 & x w be se5 h[ a slight t\* ( gild+ has be5 add$ to height5 ! effect on ! emboss$ portions %[+ ! fruit4 ,( c\rse ! caulifl[] teapot exhibits a t\* ( hum\r1 too1 b ?is =m is r>ely f\nd 9 salt glaze4 ,! bright natural col\rs ( t int]e/+ vegetable 7 reproduc$ by ,:ieldon1 :o made ?is type z well z melon & p9eapple teapots & c(fee-pots4 ,! vivid gre5 & yell[ glaze ( ?is caulifl[] w>e is ( ! p]iod :5 ,josiah ,w$gwood 0 ) ,:ieldon & is held to be "y ,josiah's inv5tion4 ,he aft]w>ds made simil> w>e himself4 ,! next /age 0 ! slight use ( col\r 9 :at is t]m$ scrat*$ blue4 ,?is /yle ( decoration is ! opposite ( ! relief ornam5ts4 ,! patt]n 0 incis$ ) a %>p in/rum5t on ! piece1 9 ! l9es ?us cut cobalt blue 0 appli$ ) a sponge4 ,birds & foliage are ! typical =m ( decorations to pieces ( ?is /yle f #agdj to ab\t #agej4 ,f #agde to #agej ,william ,littl] introduc$ 8 cobalt blue w>e ov] :i* decorations 9 black or :ite 7 enamell$ or gild$1 & su* pieces are r>e4 7,see illu/ration p4 #bja47 ,illu/ration3 ,,salt-,,glaz$ ,,vase4 ,enamell$ 9 col\rs--turquoise blue1 yell[4 7,height #e-c_/d in*es47 ,illu/ration3 ,,salt-,,glaz$ ,,pun* ,,b[l4 ,enamell$ 9 col\rs1 ) portrait ( ! ,"y ,pret5d]4 7,diamet] #aj in*es47 7,9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,s4 ,g4 ,f5ton47 ,!n comes ! p]iod 9 :i* col\r 0 9 full sw+4 ,f #agdj to #agfj enamell+ 9 col\rs 0 ext5sively us$4 ,x 0 employ$ on pla9 surfaces1 or z a t\* ( col\r to ornam5ts 9 relief4 ,!re is no d\bt t "s ( ^! col\r$ examples are v beautiful4 ,x is n necess>y to de?rone ! pla9 :ite w>e f its place ( hon\r4 ,) lat] developm5ts x 0 f\nd t col\r c\ld be us$ ) arti/ic advantage1 nor is !re any det]ioration ( ! w>e f an /hetic po9t ( view 9 ?is col\r "w :5 9 ! h&s ( skill$ craftsm54 ,simil>ly transf]-pr9t+ 0 recognis$ z a suitable means ( decoration1 & pieces are f\nd ) pr9t$ designs ( black or r$ or puce4 ,! head ( ! ,k+ ( ,prussia is f\nd on "s specim5s ( ?is type4 ,( c\rse ?is is lat] 9 date1 & mu/ h be5 subsequ5t to #agfj1 :5 ,sadl] & ,gre5 inv5t$ transf]-pr9t+ at ,liv]pool4 ,d\btless ^! pieces ent]$ into competition ) ! new col\r w>e !n 9 vogue1 :i* drove ! salt-glaze w>e f ! m>ket1 & kill$ ! mo/ arti/ic & orig9al productions ! ,engli% pott] _h ev] made4 ,! indu/ry _h by ?is "t gr[n to great dim5sions1 & app>5tly ! ,/af=d%ire pott]s 7 turn+ out ?is salt-glaz$ w>e z fa/ z !y c\ld1 no v good sign t good "w 0 to la/ mu* long]4 ,nor is all ! enamel "w ,engli%2 two ,dut*m5 7 secretly employ$ at ,burslem to d ?is enamell+ 9 col\r4 ,b ! secret spread1 & we f9d two ,le$s pa9t]s1 ,rob9son & ,rhodes1 do+ enamell+ on ! salt-glaz$ w>e = ! ,/af=d%ire pott]s4 ,we are enabl$ to reproduce a v f9e example ( enamell$ salt-glaze w>e hav+ ! inscription ,james & ,m>?a ,j9kcuson1 & dat$ #agfd4 ,x /&s z a f9e specim5 ( its class4 ,! col\rs ( ! fl[]s & insects are v ri*1 be+1 z is usual1 enamell$ ov] ! salt-glaze gr\nd4 ,dat$ salt-glaz$ w>e is always uncommon1 & an example ( su* f9e col\r+ 9 su* p]fect condition /&s z a r>e & spl5did specim54 ,!re is yet ano!r /yle 9 salt-glaze 9 :i* ! :ole surface ( ! piece to be decorat$ is coat$ ) a slip ( ano!r col\r1 & ! decoration cut ?r\gh x to %[ ! :ite body b5ea?4 ,?is belongs to ! la/ p]iod1 #agfj to #aghj1 z also does ! basket "w = :i* ,a>on ,wood1 & ,r4 ,j4 ,baddeley1 ( ,%elton1 are not$ = _! f9e patt]ns4 ,incis$ "w 9 imitation ( ,japanese "w 0 also preval5t dur+ ! la/ p]iod ( salt-glaze "w4 ,we illu/rate ano!r v important salt-glaz$ piece1 a teapot enamell$ 9 col\rs hav+ :at is kn[n z a crab/ock h&le1 sp\t1 & lid4 ,x is rem>kable z be+ incis$ ) ! "n ,john ,t(t 7see p4 #bje74 ,und\bt$ly ?is is a memb] ( ! celebrat$ ,t(t family1 ^: di%es1 m>k$ ,ralph ,t(t & ,?omas ,t(t 9 slip-w>e1 gave ! g5]ic "n to a class ( w>e4 ,x is n improbable t "o ( ! ,t(ts modell$ ! celebrat$ salt-glaze pew gr\p 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum4 ,x exhibits ! peculi>ly qua9t doll-l faces ) beady eyes associat$ ) ,t(t di%es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,salt-,,glaz$ ,,jug4 ,ri*ly enamell$ 9 col\rs1 & inscrib$ ',james ,m>?a ,j9kcuson #agfd4' 7,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,fr$]ick ,ra?bone1 ,s\? ,k5s+ton47 ,9 ! gr\p illu/rat$ 7p4 #bja7 !re is "o enamell$ jug4 ,! two di%es %[ ano!r type ( pla9 salt-glaze4 ,! teapot %[s incis$ "w on ! broad b& ar\nd x1 b no indication ( col\r4 ,! c(fee-pot is ! well-kn[n squirrel =m1 & ! d>k teapot on left is enamell$ 9 blue by ,?omas ,littl]1 & is a r>e example4 ,9 col\r+ ! salt-glaz$ vase 9 bright turquoise blue & p9k & gre51 ) its ,ori5tal design1 /rongly sugge/s ! enamel "w ( ,limoges 7see p4 #bji74 ,x /&s 9 ! eighte5? c5tury 9 ! same relation%ip to ! metal enamell] z does a mod]n ,fr5* factory at ,bordeaux1 ,messrs4 ,viell>d ,cie41 ^: "w 9 co>se e>!nw>e simulates ! cloisonn enamel4 ,! pun* b[l illu/rat$ has a portrait ( ! ,"y ,pret5d]4 ,9 date x is1 ( c\rse1 n e>li] ?an #agde1 ! ye> ( ! ,rebellion 9 ,scotl& on behalf ( ! ,pret5d]1 & :5 8 son ,*>les ,edw>d l&$ & defeat$ ! royal =ces ne> ,ed9burgh4 ,?is pun* b[l tells its /ory ( /irr+ days1 :5 ,jacobites secretly met at night 9 quiet manor h\ses & drank a toa/ to ! ,/u>t claimant4 ,9 public by a k9d ( subtle je/ :5 !y 7 driv5 to dr9k ! heal? ( ! k+1 !y by a speci\s m5tal res]vation fl\ri%$ _! glasses ov] any wat] on ! table1 ! hidd5 mean+ be+ ! ,k+--ov] ! wat]4 ,b "h is a pun* b[l :i* 0 probably br\ght out = ! sworn p>tisans to dr9k to ! pi\s memory ( ! exil$ ,/u>ts4 ,!re 0 always1 ev5 :5 ! ,/u>t cause 0 a lo/ "o1 a t5d] recollection ( ,pr9ce ,*>lie1 ! ,"y ,*evali]4 ,! lilt+ l9es ( ,bobbie ,burns 9 ! la/ qu>t] ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 always awak5 romantic associations1 & b[ls su* z ?is 7 relics ( some?+ t _h be51 & )\t d\bt 9 its day ?is same b[l has fill$ ! glasses ( a loyal company :o drank ! heal? ( 8 ,graci\s ,maje/y ,george ! ,?ird4 ,z we h po9t$ out 9 ! introductory note !re are _m monum5ts 9 clay on ! collector's %elf :i* punctuate ! sonor\s phrases ( ! hi/orian4 ,su* pieces are exceptionally int]e/+ 9 aid+ ! reflective m9d to recreate ! ev5ts ( a =m] day :i* t\*$ ! life roots ( ! nation4 ,,prices4 ,,salt ,,glaze4 s4 d4 ,teapoy1 squ>e %ap$1 decorat$ ) scrat*$ fl[]s 9 blue4 ,) female half-l5g? figure 7)9 a ,*ipp5dale frame71 inscrib$ ,m>?a ,saymore ,septemb] ye #be? #aggj 7#e-a_/d 94 high74 ,bond1 ,ipswi*1 ,april1 #aijf #aa #j #j ,b[l & cov] & milk jug decorat$1 ri* blue gr\nd4 ,so!by1 ,june1 #aijf #bf #j #j ,teapot1 brilliantly enamell$ 9 col\r ) roses1 auriculas1 c41 ) turquoise h&le & sp\t4 ,so!by1 ,june1 #aijf #ej #j #j ,teapot1 crimson gr\nd1 ) :ite panels ) fl[]s 9 col\r4 ,so!by1 ,june1 #aijf #bf #j #j ,teapot & cov]1 modell$ z h\se ) royal arms ov] door4 ,so!by1 ,febru>y1 #aijg #e #ab #f ,teapot & cov]1 modell$ z a camel4 ,so!by1 ,febru>y1 #aijg #f #f #j ,jug & cov]1 hexagonal1 ) subjects 9 relief4 ,so!by1 ,febru>y1 #aijg #d #d #j ,teapot1 enamell$ 9 col\rs1 ) portrait ( ,fr$]ick ,k+ ( ,prussia2 on rev]se1 spread eagle hold+ ribbon ) inscription1 ,semp] ,sublimis4 ,so!by1 ,m>*1 #aijg #ba #aj #j ,milk jug & cov]1 enamell$ 9 col\rs 9 a cont9u\s l&scape ) ca/le1 obelisk1 & o!r build+s4 ,so!by1 ,m>*1 #aijg #g #ae #j ,vessel1 modell$ z a ,be>1 head =m+ cup4 ,so!by1 ,m>*1 #aijg #d #d #j ,bas9 ) rais$ subjects 9 panels4 ,so!by1 ,july1 #aijh #ac #e #j ,teapot & cov]1 enamell$ 9 col\rs1 ) roses1 c4 ,so!by1 ,july1 #aijh #h #j #j ,teapot & cov]1 d>k blue gr\nd4 ,so!by1 ,july1 #aijh #h #e #j ,c(fee-pot & cov] 7small71 decorat$ 9 enamel col\rs ) ,*9ese figures4 ,so!by1 ,july1 #aijh #ad #ae #j ,,vii ,,josiah ,,w$gwood ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,josiah ,,w$gwood #agcj-agie ,josiah ,w$gwood's place 9 ! c]amic _w--,8 bus9ess abilities--,josiah ,w$gwood's w>es--,cream ,w>e & its inv5tion--,jasp] ,w>e & its imitation--,! influ5ce ( ,josiah ,w$gwood--,w$gwood ,m>ks--,! ,prices ( ,w$gwood4 ,! "t is n[ ripe to =m a mature judgm5t z to ! exact ni*e 9 ! temple ( fame :i* ,josiah ,w$gwood is to occupy p]man5tly4 ,8 imm$iate successors 7 9 too close proximity to 8 own day to =m an op9ion z to 8 life-"w 9 relation to :at _h gone be=e & :at has succe$$ him4 ,! inquiry into ! orig9s ( c]ta9 inv5tions attribut$ to him h be5 pursu$ ( late ye>s ) a sci5tific ?or\ghness1 & _m facts h come to light :i* t5d to raise ! reputation ( o!r less] kn[n pott]s :o imm$iately prec$$ him or 7 8 contempor>ies4 ,john ,dwight 7( ,fulham7 has come into 8 own4 ,! ,el]s 7( ,/af=d%ire7 h be5 de?ron$ f ! unique position !y occupi$ z pione]s ( salt-glaze w>e4 ,9 reg>d to ! ,a/burys1 fa!r & son1 cr$it has be5 giv5 !m = great "w1 & ,:ieldon is held to h _h an imm5se influ5ce on 8 contempor>ies4 ,dur+ ! great outbur/ 9 salt-glaz$ w>e1 cream w>e1 its lat] rival & conqu]or1 0 9 a transitional /age4 ,?is transitional p]iod embraces a great field ( pione] work]s :o exp]im5t$ unceas+ly ) clays & glazes4 ,! days ( salt-glaze 7 draw+ to a close1 x _h _m obvi\s defects2 ! w>e w\ld n readily /& hot liquids--& ?is 9 an age :5 tea dr9k+ 0 becom+ fa%ionable4 ,! arti/ic side = ! mom5t 0 ca/ aside 9 ^! exp]im5ts1 ! upp]mo/ "q 9 ! ,/af=d%ire pott]s' m9ds 0 ! inv5tion ( "s w>e t c\ld hold its own aga9/ ! competition ( ! new ,engli% porcela9 factories4 ,x ?us came ab\t t ?is p]iod ( great te*nical activity 7#agbj-agdj7 0 imm$iately succe$$ by an almo/ simultane\s exhibition ( "w1 sugge/+ a r5aissance ( e>!nw>e 9 ,engl& 7#agdj-ahjj7 & e/abli%+ ! ,european reputation ( ,/af=d%ire4 ,josiah ,w$gwood ) ,john ,turn]1 ( ,lane ,end1 & ,william ,adams1 ( ,gre5gates1 /& z a trio ( ma/] pott]s :o develop$ ! classic _s 9 jasp] & k9dr$ ornam5tal w>e4 ,9 reg>d to develop+ ! manufacture ( cream w>e & /one w>e = dome/ic use1 & 9 build+ up a cont95tal & ,am]ican trade :i* won = ,briti% e>!nw>e ! supremacy ( ! _w's trade 9 pott]y1 ,josiah ,w$gwood takes an equal prom95ce toge!r ) ,w>burton & ! ,baddeleys & ! ,adamses & ,turn]4 ,9 r\ghly detail+ ! /ages :i* l$ up to ! manufacture ( ! ma9 classes ( w>e = :i* ,w$gwood 0 fam\s1 x w be %[n h[ ) a ma/]ly m9d = realis+ broad results he comb9$ ! pati5t indu/ry ( a practical pott]4 ,he comm5c$ ) a capital ( tw5ty p\nds & di$ wor? half a million4 ,9 spite ( 8 ill-heal? & ! loss ( 8 leg1 8 unflagg+ en]gy & 8 ke5 =esight enabl$ him to build up an important bus9ess :i* is /ill c>ri$ on by 8 desc5dants4 ,8 love ( organisation & ! sy/em ( control :i* he ex]cis$ ov] 8 own enorm\s output _h a la/+ effect on ! me?ods ( ! ,/af=d%ire pott]ies4 ,! g5ius ( ,josiah ,w$gwood has won ! cont9u$ admiration ( succe$+ g5]ations4 ,x may be t he has some:at ov]%ad[$ _m ( 8 contempor>ies1 & 8 successors h be5 t]m$ imitators4 ,9 ord] to adju/ matt]s !re is a t5d5cy 9 "s qu>t]s to belittle ! "w ( ! great ,josiah4 ,b surely ! p5dulum has swung too f> ! o!r way :5 x is advanc$ t ,w$gwood himself 0 no arti/1 he 0 a tradesman pure & simple4 ,?is is n ! op9ion ( critics ) nic] balanc$ judgm5t & ( cosmopolitan ta/e4 ,! epitaph ^u 8 monum5t 9 ! p>i% *ur* ( ,/oke-^u-,tr5t1 :i* be>s ! inscription t he conv]t$ a rude & inconsid]able ,manufactory into an elegant ,art1 has be5 assail$ 9 ord] to prove x to be a trave/y ( ! fact1 & to /ate t :at he really did 0 to conv]t an ,art--rude x may be1 & inconsid]able1 b /ill an ,art--into a manufacture4 ,9 o!r words1 he inaugurat$ an entirely new ord] ( ?+s 9 ! production ( pott]y1 & a less desirable "o4 ,! tru? is t x is n necess>y to belittle ,w$gwood 9 ord] to put 8 great contempor>ies 9 ! ord] ( _! m]it4 ,! lat] & m correct$ op9ion may be arriv$ at q judicially by cr$it+ !m ) "s ( ! arti/ic impulses he possess$4 ,:ile he liv$ he work$ h>moni\sly & 9 close fri5d%ip ) 8 fell[ pott]s1 & a c5tury aft] 8 dea? x %\ld n be difficult to det]m9e _! relative positions )\t bespatt]+ 8 epitaph ) mud4 ,w$gwood's bus9ess abilities4--,he 0 und\bt$ly a ke5 man ( affairs4 ,:5 9 p>tn]%ip ) ,:ieldon he _h travell$ to ,london1 to ,man*e/]1 to ,birm+ham1 to ,%effield1 & to ,liv]pool1 :i* br\ght him into t\* ) silv]smi?s & metal work]s 9 connection ) ! agate knife-h&les & simil> ,:ieldon w>e4 ,he evid5tly realis$ t ,/af=d%ire 0 beh9d o!r di/ricts 9 _m respects4 ,al?\gh only a "y man1 he int]e/$ ! influ5tial p 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! pott]ies & ! roads 7 improv$ & wat] transit provid$ z an outlet = goods4 ,he cut ! fir/ sod ( ! ,tr5t & ,m]sey ,canal4 ,9 #agei he 0 ma/] pott]1 b he made mo/ ( 8 own models1 prep>$ 8 own mixtures1 sup]9t5d$ fir+1 & 0 8 own cl]k & w>eh\seman4 ,less ?an t5 ye>s aft]w>ds1 on ! advice ( ! ,duke ( ,m>lbor\gh1 ,"l ,g[]1 & ,"l ,sp5c]1 he op5$ %[rooms 9 ,london 9 ,newport ,/reet4 ,a ye> aft] ?is ! dem& = 8 f9e jasp] w>e & exp5sive ornam5tal productions _h s increas$ t he f\nd ! greate/ difficulty 9 f9d+ suffici5t workm54 ,illu/ration3 ,,w$gwood ,,cream ,,w>e ,,dess]t ,,basket4 ,%[+ f9e pi]c$ "w4 ,by ! c\rtesy ( ,messrs4 ,josiah ,w$gwood ,sons4 ,illu/ration3 ,,w$gwood ,,cream ,,w>e ,,dess]t ,,c5tre-,,piece4 ,design$ f ,josiah ,w$gwood's collection ( %ells4 7,9 ,museum at ,etruria47 ,by ! c\rtesy ( ,messrs4 ,josiah ,w$gwood ,sons4 ,8 catalogues 7 pr9t$ 9 sev]al languages1 & he _h ! %rewd common s5se to add "s =ewords ( 8 own to indicate ! l9es on :i* he 0 work+ z a pott] & to br+ ! att5tion ( likely buy]s to 8 w>e4 ,w$gwood z a pott]4--,!re is no d\bt t ,w$gwood always _h 9 view ! improvem5t ( :atev] w>e he engag$ to make4 ,:5 ) ,:ieldon he p]fect$ ! gre5 glaze 9 ! caulifl[] & k9dr$ w>e1 & :5 he became a ma/] pott] 9 #agei1 he produc$ pieces :i* 7 em95tly rem>kable = _! f9e te*nique4 ,!re is no d\bt t 8 connection ) silv]smi?s induc$ him to foll[ _! designs4 ,"s ( 8 e>ly w>e1 su* z teapots1 h pun*$ p]=at$ ornam5t 9 ! rims = :i* he inv5t$ tools4 ,9 ! museum at ,etruria are "s six ?\s& trial pieces1 "s few in*es 9 l5g?1 cov]+ a wide p]iod :5 ,josiah 0 pursu+ 8 way t[>ds 8 cr[n+ a*ievem5t1 ! inv5tion ( 8 jasp] w>e4#c ,note3 #c ,^! h be5 rec5tly arrang$ & catalogu$ by ,mr4 ,fr$]ic ,ra?bone4 ,he claims cr$it = great improvem5ts1 bo? z an inv5tor & z a ready & ma/]ly adapt]1 quick to seize ! sali5t po9ts ( a half-p]fect$ w>e & by a few t\*es ( g5ius make x 8 own4 ,he 0 made a ,fell[ ( ! ,royal ,society = 8 inv5tion ( a pyromet]1 an in/rum5t = regi/]+ high temp]atures 9 ! kilns4 ,8 exp]im5ts l$ him into new fields 9 connection ) bodies1 glazes1 & col\rs1 & he introduc$ = ! fir/ "t 9 pott]y c]ta9 m9]als su* z b>ytes 9 8 pa/es4 ,josiah ,w$gwood's w>es4--,x w be se51 9 ! enum]ation ( ! v>i\s classes ( w>e :i* 7 produc$ by him1 9 :at respect he add$ improvem5ts :i* 9 _! turn 7 improv$ ^u by lat] pott]s1 & to :at ext5t 8 productions 7 entirely orig9al1 add+ a new note 9 ,engli% pott]y1 creat+ an entire s*ool1 & leav+ ! m>k ( 8 g5ius on 8 successors = ne>ly a c5tury4 ,v>iegat$ w>e4--,! agate1 ! caulifl[]1 & melon w>e1 ! cl\d$ & mottl$ glaze1 & ! v>i\s imitations ( m>bl+1 came into vogue 9 ! days ( ,:ieldon4 ,b ,w$gwood 0 m ambiti\s 9 8 designs4 ,we h already se51 9 deal+ ) ,:ieldon w>e1 h[ ! solid agate w>e 0 produc$ by means ( f9e lay]s ( clays ( diff]5t col\rs1 :i* aft] c>eful manipulation produc$ a s]ies ( waves resembl+ ! natural ornam5tation ( ! /one4 ,w$gwood also employ$ surface col\r+ = ?is v>iegat$ w>e1 ! body be+ ( ! common cream-col\r$ e>!nw>e & ! ve9+ & mottl+ be+ appli$ to ! surface4 ,9 su* pieces ! h&les & ! pl9?s 7 usually oil gild$2 lat] he us$ a :ite semi-porcela9 = pl9?s ( su* w>e4 ,two agate vases & ew]s m>k$ ,w$gwood & ,b5tley belong to ! p]iod #agfh to #aghj4 ,! pl9?s ( ! agate vases %[ ! :ite undecorat$ body4 ,w$gwood imitat$ ,egyptian pebble1 jasp]1 porphyry1 & v>i\s k9ds ( granite speckl$ ) grey1 black1 :ite1 or gre54 ,mu* ( ?is is a flight high] ?an ! agate w>e4 ,black basalt ,w>e4--,9 ?is w>e1 :i* 0 t]m$ ,egyptian black1 ,w$gwood triumph$ ov] 8 pr$ecessors4 ,we "k ! black w>e made by ,el]s & by ,twy=d 7two f9e black ,twy=d teapots are 9 ! ,hanley ,museum71 b ! w>e into :i* ,w$gwood infus$ 8 g5ius is wor?y to be call$ :at he t]m$ x--black porcela9e4 ,) its ri* black1 smoo? surface x 0 capable ( v>i$ use1 includ+ useful z well z ornam5tal w>e4 ,9 ! =m]1 we f9d tea s]vices & c(fee or *ocolate pots /rictly adopt+ ! sev]e ,que5 ,anne silv] %apes1 & 9 vases he foll[$ bronze prototypes4 ,see illu/ration 7p4 #bda7 ( two ,black basalt ,teapots4 ,x 0 us$ 9 f9e mann] = life-size bu/s & = m$allion portraits ( illu/ri\s ,anci5ts & ,mod]ns4 ,?is basalt w>e ,w$gwood fur!r us$ 9 comb9ation ) o!r processes4 ,he imitat$ ! anci5t ,greek vase pa9t+s by decorat+ ! black surface ) unglaz$ col\rs1 or he _h ornam5ts 9 relief 9 r$4 ,ano!r replica ( classic art 0 8 simulation ( bronze1 & ?is black w>e =m$ ! gr\ndwork to :i* he add$ ! bronze metallic col\r+ 9 8 r>e bronze examples4 ,! two black basalt ew]s1 entitl$ ,w9e & ,wat]1 design$ by ,flaxman1 are well kn[n4 ,x is at once evid5t t !y owe no inconsid]able debt to ! metal work]4 ,x requires no great /ret* ( imag9ation to believe !m to be 9 bronze4 ,te*nically1 z specim5s ( e>!nw>e1 !y are p]fect1 b x is op5 to "q :e!r ! pott] has n trespass$ on ! doma9 ( ! work] 9 metal4 ,!re are canons :i* gov]n ! art ( pott]y2 =m & ornam5tation /rictly appropriate 9 metal are utt]ly unfitt$ = ! work] 9 clay4 ,bran*$ c&elabra are false 9 porcela9 ?\gh extremely beautiful 9 silv]4 ,9 pass+ ?is criticism1 :i* applies to "s ( ,w$gwood's "w1 we are incid5tally bru%+ aside ! cont5tion ( ^? critics :o f9d him unorig9al4 ,z a matt] ( fact he 0 s orig9al & s responsive to ! sugge/ion ( alli$ arts t he (t5 und]took ! creation ( pieces 9 8 kilns ! l ( :i* no pott] _h ev] attempt$ be=e4 ,r$ ,w>e4--,x is n to be suppos$ t ,w$gwood w\ld all[ ! f9e r$ ,el]s w>e to /& z repres5tative ( ! utt]mo/ t ,/af=d%ire _h produc$ )\t attempt+ to emulate ?is e>ly w>e4 ,accord+ly1 we f9d 9 :at he t]ms 8 rosso antico1 a r$ w>e ( extraord9>y beauty4 ,"s ( ! eng9e-turn$ pieces ( ?is r$ w>e are exceptionally f9e4 ,!re is 9 ! ,hanley ,museum a c(fee-pot ( great te*nical & /hetic value4 ,w9e-cool]s & o!r useful creations1 ) classic ornam5tation 9 relief1 %[ ! wide range ( ?is r$ t]ra-cotta or unglaz$ w>e4 ,! ,el]s /yle 0 simple1 ) appli$ /amp$ ornam5t ( small dim5sions & ,ori5tal r ?an classical 9 motif4 ,! r$ /onew>e ( ,btt*]1 ( ,dresd51 0 by ?is "t fairly well kn[n1 & ,w$gwood _h bo? ,el]s & ,btt*] to s]ve z models1 al?\gh he does n seem to h employ$ ?is r$ w>e to any great ext5t4 ,nor did ,w$gwood conf9e himself to r$ 9 ?is type ( w>e2 he made *ocolate-col\r$ examples1 & 9 8 cane-col\r$ & bamboo w>e he made articles = dome/ic use1 su* z tea & c(fee s]vices z well z mugs & jugs ( ?is type1 :i* diff]$ f ! black basalt inasmu* z ! basalt 0 an especially h>d body1 :]eas ^! o!rs 7 por\s & s(t4 ,z 0 usual ) ,w$gwood1 n only did he h a s]ies ( w>es ( diff]5t col\rs1 b he (t5 work$ ) a comb9ation ( ^! col\rs 9 ! same piece4 ,cream ,w>e4--,some?+ mu/ be said conc]n+ ! developm5t ( cream w>e be=e x c be accurately det]m9$ h[ mu* ,/af=d%ire 0 indebt$ to ,w$gwood = its developm5t4 ,at ! outset x mu/ be grant$ t he did n inv5t ! w>e4 ,b he improv$ x4 ,simil>ly x 0 fur!r improv$ subsequ5t to 8 day by o!r pott]s :o made x f9] & :it]4 ,b to ?is day1 a hundr$ & fifty ye>s aft] ! introduction ( ?is cream w>e1 8 desc5dants1 /ill trad+ "u ! "n ( ,messrs4 ,josiah ,w$gwood & ,sons1 produce ?is cream w>e exactly z x 0 !n produc$4 ,d9n] s]vices are made ) ,flaxman's designs on ! bord]1 ess5tially ,engli% 9 "* & feel+4 ,la/ ye> ,messrs4 ,james ,p[ell & ,sons1 ( ! ,:itefri>s ,glass ,works1 ne> ! ,temple1 :i* 7 fl\ri%+ 9 #agaj1 & /ill cont9ue to produce ! f9e/ glass 9 ,engl&1 held an exhibition ( ,w$gwood w>e4 ,consid]able int]e/ 0 drawn to ! subject ( ?is revival ( ! old patt]ns ( #agge f ! designs ( ,josiah ,w$gwood's b& ( arti/s4 ,^? connoisseurs :o love old furniture & old eighte5?-c5tury glass w>e1 z made by ,messrs4 ,p[ell1 welcom$ ! ,w$gwood que5's w>e designs z be+ some?+ em95tly fitt$ to /rike ! "r note ( h>mony1 & accord+ly1 by arrangem5t ) ! firm at ,etruria1 "s ( ! f9e/ patt]ns ( ! old w>e are exclusively made = ,messrs4 ,p[ell4 ,! ,engli% d9n] table may n[ be z ,engli% z x 0 9 ,georgian days1 &1 happily1 ?is /hetic revival has met ) a w>m response by ! patronage ( ! royal family1 ! nobility1 & by all ^? :o love ! old-_w *>m ( ! dome/ic art ( our =efa!rs4 ,be=e ,w$gwood's day cream w>e 0 made4 ,a/bury us$ an addition ( :ite clay & fl9t to 8 bodies ab\t #agbj4 ,9 #agbf ! gr9d+ ( fl9t /ones into p[d] = ! pott]s' use became s important t ,?omas ,b5son took out a pat5t = a ma*9e to d ?is4 ,9 #agej we f9d cream w>e be+ l>gely made4 ,a>on ,w$gwood & ,william ,littl] introduc$ ab\t ?is "t a fluid lead glaze in/ead ( ! old mann] ( us+ p[d]$ gal5a 7native sulphide ( lead74 ,body & glaze 7 at ?is p]iod fir$ at "o op]ation4 ,eno* ,boo? improv$ ?is by revolutionis+ ! me?od ( glaz+4 ,he fir$ ! pieces to a biscuit /ate & !n dipp$ !m 9 ?is fluid lead glaze 7gr\nd fl9t & :ite lead71 & refir$ !m at a l[] temp]ature4 ,at ?is date two o!r pott]s1 ,w>burton 7( ,hot ,lane7 & ,baddeley 7( ,%elton71 foll[$ ,boo?'s practice1 & cream w>e may be said to h be5 9 a fairly fl\ri%+ condition4 ,^! facts are all important & _c be ignor$ 9 arriv+ at a satisfactory conclusion4 ,w$gwood comm5c$ z a ma/] pott] 9 #agei1 t is1 ab\t n9e ye>s aft] ! late/ inv5tions 9 cream w>e _h br\ght ! w>e into some?+ m ?an an exp]im5tal /age4 ,9 #agfa ,w$gwood's cream w>e1 bo? by its v>iety ( beautiful =m & its f9] glaze & body1 _h surpass$ t ( 8 rival pott]s4 ,9 #agfb ,w$gwood pres5t$ to ,que5 ,*>lotte a caudle & breakfa/ s]vice ( ! w>e2 ?is 0 pa9t$ by ,?omas ,daniel & ,david ,/eele4 ,! ,que5 & ! ,k+ 7 s pleas$ ) ! w>e t complete table s]vices 7 ord]$1 & ,w$gwood receiv$ ! ,que5's comm& to call himself ,pott] to ,h] ,maje/y 9 #agfe1 & f t date he t]m$ ! w>e ,que5's ,w>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,w$gwood ,,cream ,,w>e ,,plates4 ,pa9t$ ) ,engli% sc5]y4 ,f s]vice made = ,ca!r9e ,,ii4 ( ,russia1 #aggd4 ,hav+ gre5 frog 9 res]ve on ea* plate4 7,9 ,museum at ,etruria47 7,at ,briti% ,museum47 ,illu/ration3 ,,w$gwood ,,bu/s ,,( ,,r\sseau ,,& ,,voltaire4 ,enamell$ 9 col\rs4 7,height #f-a_/b in*es & #f in*es47 7,at ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,?\gh ! inv5tion ( cream w>e may n be 81 !re mu/ h be5 some?+ ess5tially m pleas+ 9 8 productions to h made su* /rides 9 s %ort a "t4 ,p]haps ,w$gwood1 ! tradesman pure & simple1 _h some?+ to d ) ?is a*ievem5t1 b we pref] to ?9k x 0 ! ma/] h& ( ,w$gwood ! pott] & ,w$gwood ! arti/4 ,we _c leave ?is cream w>e "q )\t ref]r+ to an old legal controv]sy4 ,?is br+s u d[n to ! ye> #agge :5 ,w$gwood1 9 company ) ,john ,turn] 7( ,lane ,end7 j\rney$ to ,cornwall & jo9tly leas$ "s clay m9es4 ,! reason = _! visit 0 t ! :ole ( ! ,/af=d%ire pott]s 7 up 9 arms4 ,salt glaze 0 com+ to an end 9 spite ( ! enamell+ 9 col\rs 9 emulation ( ,engli% porcela94 ,& n[ ,cookwor?y1 ! pott] ( ,plym\?1 ! mak] ( ! fir/ h>d porcela9 9 ,engl&1 _h sold 8 pat5t rights to ,*ampion ( ,bri/ol1 :o1 9 #agge1 appli$ = a fur!r pat5t = f\rte5 ye>s to use c]ta9 natural mat]ials = mak+ porcela94 ,! ,/af=d%ire pott]s elect$ ,josiah ,w$gwood & ,john ,turn] z _! repres5tatives & petition$ aga9/ ! grant+ ( ?is pat5t1 & ,w$gwood urg$ t ! manufacture ( e>!nw>e 9 ,/af=d%ire has ( late receiv$ _m ess5tial improvem5ts1 & is cont9ually advanc+ to high] degrees ( p]fection2 t ! fur!r improvem5t ( ! manufactory mu/ dep5d ^u ! application & ! free use ( ! v>i\s raw mat]ials t are ! natural products ( ?is c\ntry4 ,he fur!r adds t ! natural productions ( ! soil ought to be ! "r ( all4 ,incid5tally1 ?is controv]sy ?r[s light on ! position ( ,w$gwood z a mak] ( cream w>e1 & x _h a la/+ effect1 z we %all %[ 9 ! improvem5t ( cream w>e itself & ^u ! class ( w>e turn$ out 9 ,/af=d%ire4 ,*ampion1 9 8 reply to ! ,/af=d%ire outbur/ 9 petition+ p>liam5t n to grant 8 pat5t1 pays ,w$gwood a great complim5t3 ,mr4 ,*ampion mo/ *e]fully jo9s 9 ! g5]al praise :i* is giv5 to ,mr4 ,w$gwood = ! _m improvem5ts :i* he has made 9 ! ,/af=d%ire e>!nw>e1 & ! great pa9s & assiduity ) :i* he has pursu$ !m4 ,he ri*ly des]ves ! l>ge =tune he has made f ^! improvem5ts4 ,*ampion goes on to make a mo/ vital po9t 9 uphold+ 8 claim to protection t he has no objection to ! use :i* ! pott]s ( ,/af=d%ire may make ( 8 or any o!r raw mat]ials provid$ e>!nw>e only1 z di/+ui%$ by t title1 is made f x4 ,"h1 !n1 is ! reason ( ! visit ( ,w$gwood & ,turn] to ! ,we/1 9 se>* ( ! natural e>?s t half ! pott]s 9 ,europe _h be5 hunt+ = s9ce ,btt*]1 ( ,dresd51 made 8 great discov]y ( :ite clay4 ,b ! /ory ( cream w>e is n end$4 ,w$gwood to ?is pr9t$ ,reply by ,*ampion ent]$ ! li/s ) "s pr9t$ ,rem>ks1 :i* he circulat$ to memb]s ( p>liam5t4 ,9 ?is--& we mu/ be> 9 m9d t he 0 hold+ a brief on behalf ( all ! ,/af=d%ire pott]s--we f9d ! foll[+ /atem5t3-- ,:5 ,mr4 ,w$gwood discov]$ ! art ( mak+ ,que5's ,w>e1 :i* employs t5 times m p ?an all ! *9a works 9 ! k+dom1 he did n ask = a pat5t = ?is important discov]y4 ,a pat5t w\ld greatly h limit$ its public utility4 ,in/ead ( "o hundr$ manufactories ( ,que5's ,w>e !re w\ld h be5 "o2 & in/ead ( an exportation to all qu>t]s ( ! _w1 a few pretty ?+s w\ld h be5 made = ! amusem5t ( ! p ( fa%ion 9 ,engl&4 ,9 spite ( ! opposition ( ,/af=d%ire1 ! ,bill enabl+ ,*ampion to obta9 8 pat5t rights pass$ bo? h\ses ( p>liam5t1 & 9 ! la/ /age a clause 0 ins]t$ ?r[+ op5 ! free use ( raw mat]ials to pott]s = any purpose except = ! manufacture ( porcela92 practically ?is pat5t 0 to be enjoy$ by ,*ampion = ne>ly tw5ty-two ye>s4 ,two extraord9>ily important effects ^u ! pott]y indu/ry 9 ,/af=d%ire 7 ! result ( ?is controv]sy3 7#a7 ,! ,/af=d%ire pott] conf9$ himself to e>!nw>e4 7#b7 ,gr[an /one & ,corni% ,kaol9 7 add$ to ! cream w>e body1 :i* enabl$ e>!nw>e to compete successfully ) *9a4 ,x may h /ruck an inquir+ _s z s+ul> t ! ,/af=d%ire pott]s z a body 7 cont5t to imitate ,engli% porcela9 & compete ) x4 ,at fir/1 ( c\rse1 ! remot5ess ( ! ,pott]ies f ! ,we/ acc\nt$ = ?is1 b clay 0 br\ght by sea f ,bide=d to ,*e/] & c>ri$ ov]l& to ,/af=d%ire1 b n ! gr[an /one nor ,corni% kaol94 ,*elsea & ,b[ did n h natural e>?s to h&4 ,b ! additional reason seems to be ! "o we h giv5--t practically ,*ampion's pat5t preclud$ !m f mak+ porcela94 ,:51 9 or ab\t #agfi1 cream w>e 0 p]fect$ !re 0 no ne$ to ca/ ab\t = new bodies4 ,/af=d%ire e>!nw>e _h f\nd itself1 & all o!r improvem5ts aft] t date1 = fifty ye>s1 until e>ly n9ete5?-c5tury days1 ma9ly conc]n$ enamell+1 pr9t+1 glaz+1 & ! ext]ior1 or developm5ts 9 me*anical production1 or attempts at high] arti/ic effects4 ,9 ! illu/rations we give ( cream w>e x w be se5 t x 0 ( v>y+ =m & x receiv$ a v>iety ( decoration4 ,x 0 pla9 or undecorat$1 rely+ *iefly on its symmetry ( =m z an arti/ic asset4 ,! cut & pi]c$ designs & _m o!r %apes foll[$ ^? ( ! silv]smi?1 & 9 dess]t di%es & c5tre-pieces consid]able beauty 0 exhibit$ 9 modell+--a /yle :i* 0 closely foll[$ by ! ,le$s pott]s1 :o made excell5t cream w>e4 ,a beautiful example ( ! p]=at$ basket w>e is illu/rat$ 7p4 #bbe74 ,x is a dess]t di% ( mo/ pleas+ %ape1 & is a r>e specim5 ( ! pi]c$ "w 9 ,w$gwood's cream w>e4 ,w$gwood1 z e>ly z #agge1 /ill exp]im5t+ ) a view to make 8 cream w>e bett]1 det]m9$ to make a :it] body by ! addition ( m *9a clay & fl9t & to kill ! yell[ tone by ! use ( blue 7oxide ( cobalt74 ,?is lat] :ite w>e he t]m$ ,pe>l w>e4 ,among ! mo/ noticeable productions 9 ?is :it] w>e are ! dess]t s]vices modell$ f %ells4 ,we "k t ,w$gwood _h a collection1 al?\gh he 0 n a con*ologi/1 yet x is n improbable t ! contemplation ( ^! beautiful =ms sugge/$ ideas & he d]iv$ _m ( 8 arti/ic %apes f ! =ms ( %ells4 ,! use ( %ell =ms 0 n unkn[n4 ,salt-glaze pieces repeat$ly %[ ! pect5 %ell design1 & ,plym\? porcela9 _h adopt$ %ell designs 9 salt cell>s & simil> pieces4 ,we illu/rate 7p4 #bbe7 a rem>kable example ( a c5tre-piece 9 ! =m ( a nautilus %ell4 ,"s ( ! %ell di%es h a fa9t wa% 9 p9k1 & yell[ radiat+ b&s1 h>dly p]ceptible1 b convey+ ! sugge/ion ( ! int]ior ( ! %ell4 ,que5's w>e1 :5 decorat$1 0 ( two classes3 7#a7 pa9t$2 7#b7 transf]-pr9t$ 9 r$ or puce or black4 ,x is n necess>y to g into details 9 reg>d to ^! two =ms ( decoration4 ,x is int]e/+ 9 reg>d to ! enamell+ 9 col\r to "k t ,w$gwood s5t 8 w>e to ,mrs4 ,w>burton's factory at ,hot ,lane to be pa9t$4 ,he also employ$ a b& ( enamell]s at ,*elsea :o _h be5 tra9$ 9 ! *9a factory4 ,we reproduce an illu/ration 7p4 #bcc7 ( two pa9t$ que5's-w>e plates f ! celebrat$ s]vice execut$ = ,ca!r9e ,,ii4 ( ,russia4 ,! enamel pa9t+ ( ! views & bord]s co/ ,w$gwood ov] #b1jjj4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ea* piece is a sc5e repres5t+ "s place ( int]e/ 9 ! c\ntry4 ,ea* view 9 ?is s]ies ( ,briti% sc5]y is diff]5t1 & !re are "s twelve hundr$4 ,! body is 9 pale brim/one & ! view pa9t$ 9 a br[ni% purple2 ! bord] 0 a wrea? ( mauve fl[]s & gre5 leaves1 &1 z w be se5 9 ! illu/rations1 ea* plate has a gre5 frog 9 a res]ve4 ,?is design has puzzl$ _m writ]s1 b z ! ,messal9a ( ! ,nor? int5d$ to place ?is s]vice 9 h] palace ( ,la ,gr5\illre1 ne> ,/4 ,pet]sburg--,gr5\illre mean+ a m>%y place full ( frogs--expla9s ! :imsical design ( ! frog on ea* plate4 ,?is d9n] & dess]t s]vice 0 complet$ 9 #aggd at a co/ ( ab\t #c1jjj4 ,x 0 exhibit$ 9 ,london1 & set ! t[n agog ) amazem5t4 ,! rooms 9 ,greek ,/reet1 ,soho1 7 ?rong$ ) fa%ionable p1 &1 z may be imag9$1 x gave a great impetus to ! manufacture ( ,w$gwood's w>e4 ,! o!r decoration employ$ by ,w$gwood on 8 cream w>e 0 transf] pr9t+4 ,he avail$ himself at once ( ! new /yle ( pr9t+ by ,sadl] & ,gre5 on ! glaz$ surface ( 8 w>e1 :i* 0 p]iodically s5t to ,liv]pool to be s decorat$4 ,9 ! e>li] pieces ! tile design is evid5t1 q unsuitable = a r\nd plate1 9 spite ( ,w$gwood's addition ( wrea?s & ribbons 9 enamel pa9t+ to help out ! incongruity4 ,9 e>ly books illu/rat$ by ,bewick ) squ>e woodcuts a simil> use ( g>l&s & ribbons z an ornam5tal bord] is obs]v$4 ,nor 0 ! cream body conf9$ to /rictly dome/ic w>e4 ,among 8 multif>i\s productions ,w$gwood made "s f9e col\r$ figures1 rem>kable = /rong modell+ & subdu$ & h>moni\s col\r+4 ,! l>ge figures1 su* z ,=titude1 ,*>ity1 ,c]es1 ,juno1 ,prud5ce1 & _m o!rs1 are n always m>k$4 ,=titude & ,*>ity bo? be> ! impress$ m>k ,,w$gwood1 ! latt] belong+ to ! s]ies ,fai?1 ,hope1 & ,*>ity design$ = ,w$gwood by ,mrs4 ,l&r1 & a m>k$ example is 9 ! ,willett ,collection4 ,_m small col\r$ cream-w>e bu/s 7 made4 ,we illu/rate two typical examples 7p4 #bcc7 ( ,r\sseau & ,voltaire4 ,!y 7 evid5tly int5d$ = ! ,fr5* m>ket1 & are v da9ty ?\gh some:at highly-col\r$ lik5esses ( two great ,fr5*m54 ,jean-,jacques is portray$ 9 ,arm5ian co/ume1 aft] ! well-kn[n portrait4 ,! coat is a *ocolate br[n & ! /& is m>bl$4 ,voltaire has a blue surcoat1 a t]ra-cotta cloak1 & lilac ve/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,w$gwood ,,black ,,basalt ,,teapots4 ,,w$gwood ,,jasp] ,,w>e ,,dic$ ,,patt]n ,,tea ,,set4 ,by ! c\rtesy ( ,messrs4 ,josiah ,w$gwood ,sons4 ,jasp] ,w>e4--,z e>ly z #aggc ,w$gwood 0 exp]im5t+ ) a view to produc+ jasp] body4 ,x is "h t 8 greate/ triumph 9 ! c]amic art 0 won4 ,no?+ l x _h ev] be5 se5 9 pott]y be=e1 & ! w>e he produc$ 9 an endless v>iety ( =ms :i* 7 t]m$ ornam5tal by him to di/+ui% !m f ! que5's w>e1 or useful w>e4 ,ab\t #agge--;a great date 9 ,w$gwood's hi/ory--! jasp] w>e 0 p]fect$1 & f #aghj to #agie is ! p]iod :5 x 0 at its be/1 :5 he p\r$ =? f ,etruria1 !n fill$ ) a highly-tra9$ body ( workm5 & arti/s1 8 jasp] w>e1 exquisite ) grace & beauty ( =m & fasc9at+ 9 its *>m ( da9ty & subtle col\r4 ,! _s ( classicism 0 9 ! air 9 ! days ( ,w$gwood4 ,dr4 ,johnson _h impos$ 8 pond]\s lat9ity on ! _w ( lett]s4 ,alex&] ,pope 0 /ill writ+ :5 ,josiah 0 appr5tic$ & kn[n already z a f9e ?r[]4 ,hom]'s ,iliad & ,odyssey _h appe>$ 9 _m editions j prior to ,w$gwood's manhood4 ,! /atues ( naval & milit>y comm&]s 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey 7 9 ,roman co/ume4 ,! ,bro!rs ,adam 7 9 ! heyday ( _! popul>ity4 ,f s$an *airs to silv]-plate _! /yle 0 ! vogue4 ,! classical m\ld+s1 capitals1 & ni*es1 ! %ell flut+s & ! light g>l&s 9 ! ,adam /yle are welcome sights 9 _m o!rwise dre>y /reets 9 ,london4 ,9 furniture1 ! ,adam /yle is z sev]e z ! ,fr5* prototypes :i* _h absorb$ "s ( ! anci5t _s ( ,rome & ,greece4 ,z e>ly z #agfc ,grimm wrote1 ,= "s ye>s pa/ we are beg9n+ to inquire = antique ornam5ts & =ms4 ,! int]ior & ext]ior decorations ( h\ses1 furniture1 mat]ials ( dress1 "w ( ! goldsmi?s1 all be> alike ! /amp ( ! ,greeks4 ,! fa%ion passes f ar*itecture to mill9]y2 our ladies h _! hair dress$ la ,grecque4 ,m5 ( ?\ght jo9$ 9 clam\r+ = simplicity1 & ,did]ot l5t 8 p[]ful aid 9 h]ald+ ! dawn ( ! revival ( ! antique long be=e ! ,france ( ,revolution days4 ,b eyes o!r ?an ,fr5* 7 fix$ on ! remote pa/4 ,! excavations ( ,h]culaneum & ,pompeii _h giv5 a new /imulus to ar*ological rese>*4 ,9 ?is c\ntry ,sir ,william ,hamilton1 z e>ly z #agfe1 promot$ ! publication ( ! magnific5t "w1 ,greek1 ,roman1 & ,etruscan ,antiquities1 illu/rat$ f 8 collection4 ,x 0 a specially valuable exposition ( ! sy/em & me?ods & /hetic value ( classic art1 especially pla/ic art2 & 9 promulgat+ ?is sumptu\s illu/rat$ disquisition on ! anci5t pott]'s art ,sir ,william ,hamilton laid mod]n work]s 9 ! same field "u a heavy debt4 ,incid5tally x may be m5tion$ t ,sir ,william 0 ! husb& ( ! beautiful ,lady ,hamilton4 ,s t 9 ! mid/ ( ?is eighte5?-c5tury classic revival ,josiah ,w$gwood 0 b ! *ild ( 8 age1 &1 associat$ 9 p>tn]%ip ) ,b5tley1 a man ( ref9$ & s*ol>ly ta/es1 he ent]$ into ! new _s ) will+ m9d4 ,adroitly seiz+ classic models1 ,w$gwood 9 8 art adapt$ all t 0 mo/ suit$ to mod]n requirem5ts4 ,pope translat$ ,hom] into ,engli% v]se1 & ,w$gwood translat$ classic designs into ,engli% pott]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,w$gwood ,,jasp] ,,vase4 ,subject--repres5t+ ! ,apo!osis ( ,virgil2 surm\nt$ by ,pegasus cov]4 ,by ! c\rtesy ( ,messrs4 ,josiah ,w$gwood ,sons4 ,w$gwood's jasp] w>e is ( v>i\s col\rs--blue 9 v>i\s tones1 sage-gre51 olive-gre51 lilac1 p9k1 yell[1 & black1 &1 ( c\rse1 :ite1 :i* is its natural body )\t ! addition ( metallic oxides4 ,x is capable ( tak+ a poli% on ! lapid>y's :eel4 ,9 use x 0 ma9ly employ$ = w>e ( a highly ornam5tal "*1 ?\gh x 0 also employ$ = utilit>ian objects1 su* z tea & c(fee s]vices1 di%es1 & fl[] vases1 & 9 plaques x 0 us$ z int]ior decorations 9 fireplaces & 9 furniture4 ,we illu/rate 7p4 #bda7 a jasp] w>e dic$ patt]n ,tea ,set1 :i* %[s h[ wide a field ,w$gwood cov]$ ) 8 new w>e4 ,x is usually f\nd ) a gr\nd ( "o col\r1 su* z blue1 lilac1 et cet]a--"o ( ! sev5--& ! ornam5t appli$ 9 relief is1 z a rule1 :ite4 ,x 0 ,w$gwood's appreciation ( antique gems t sugge/$ ! idea ( reproduc+ !m 9 e>!nw>e1 & 9 ! p]iod prior to ,b5tley's dea?1 9 #aghj1 cameos1 portrait m$allions1 & plaques 7 mo/ly made4 ,!re are two classes ( jasp] w>e--solid jasp] & jasp] dip4 ,! diff]5ce is simil> to t betwe5 solid agate & surface agate4 ,solid jasp] is col\r$ ?r\gh\t4 ,t :i* is col\r$ only on ! surface is jasp] dip4 ,?is latt] gives m delicate effects1 & 0 employ$1 aft] #aghj1 9 ! important s]ies ( classic vases :i* requir$ transluc5cy & great] delicacy 9 ! :ite reliefs1 :i* is especially effective 9 ! filmy g>m5ts & fl[+ drap]ies ( ! classic figures4 ,consid]able progress _h be5 made 9 ,/af=d%ire s9ce ,el]s left 9 #agaj1 b x is ! ,el]s me?od ( /amp+ ! ornam5ts & apply+ !m to ! body ( ! w>e t ,w$gwood adopt$4 ,b !re 0 m ?an en\gh orig9ality ( inv5tion 9 ?is jasp] w>e to c>ry 8 fame to ! conf9es ( ,europe4 ,blue & :ite porcela9 9 imitation ( 8 jasp] 0 made at ,svres1 & o!r cont95tal factories1 su* z ,meiss51 ,fur/5burg1 & ,gros ,breit5ba*1 made simil> e*oes ( ?is wond]ful ,engli% jasp] w>e ( ,josiah ,w$gwood4 ,no illu/rations c d ju/ice to ! *>m & t5d] col\r ( "s ( ! f9] examples ( ?is ,w$gwood jasp] w>e1 v>y+ f pale lemon col\r to delicate mauve z a gr\nd1 & hav+ transluc5t diaphon\s drap]ies 9 :ite /&+ 9 relief 9 ! gr\ps ( figures4 ,to ! s5se ( t\* f9e old specim5s ( ?is jasp] w>e are z s(t z sat94 ,usually ! dull matt surface ( ?is w>e is left )\t poli%1 ?\gh x is s d5se & h>d z to receive a high poli%1 :i* 0 occasionally employ$ 9 ! inside ( bas9s & cups & on ! bevell$ edges ( "s ( 8 cameos4 ,8 classic subjects 7 no feeble e*oes ( anci5t art1 b 7 execut$ f designs by a b& ( great arti/s work+ toge!r & saturat$ ) ! _s ( ! new classic revival4 ,john ,flaxman1 ,james ,tassie1 ,john ,bacon1 ,william ,hackwood1 ,?omas ,/o?>d1 ,george ,/ubbs1 ,william ,greatba*1 7 all employ$ by ,w$gwood4 ,& di/+ui%$ amateurs su* z ,lady ,diana ,beaucl]k & ,lady ,templeton suppli$ him ) designs1 & x is int]e/+ to note t ,mrs4 ,wilcox1 an accompli%$ pa9t] ( figures & bord]s on 8 ,etruscan w>e1 0 a daught] ( ,fry1 ! mezzot9t engrav] & f\nd] ( ! ,b[ porcela9 factory4 ,we illu/rate 7p4 #bde7 a f9e jasp] vase repres5t+ ,! ,apo!osis ( ,virgil1 ! cov] surm\nt$ by a ,pegasus4 ,! squ>e p$e/al has griff9s at ! corn]s4 ,a companion vase1 ,! ,apo!osis ( ,hom]1 *ang$ own]s at eight hundr$ gu9eas1 & is n[ 9 ! possession ( ,"l ,twe$m\?4 ,w$gwood himself reg>d$ 8 copy ( ! celebrat$ ,b>b]9i vase1 :i* 0 l5t to him by ! ,duke ( ,portl&1 z 8 ma/]piece4 ,?is vase is a cameo glass vase1 :i* 0 discov]$ 9 ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury 9 a m>ble s>cophagus on ! road to ,frascati1 two miles f ,rome4 ,?is vase belongs to ! e>ly "p ( ! ?ird c5tury4 ,x 0 b\ght by ,sir ,william ,hamilton = #a1jjj1 & subsequ5tly pur*as$ by ! ,duke ( ,portl&4 ,?is vase1 ( ri* d>k blue glass1 almo/ black1 is decorat$ ) opaque :ite enamel cameos 9 relief cut ) ! mo/ extraord9>y skill1 & x /&s z a sup]b example ( classic art4 ,/rictly speak+1 ,w$gwood's copy ( ?is 0 at be/ a copy 9 "o mat]ial ( ! te*nique ( ano!r4 ,b if x be n ! highe/ art to copy ?us 9 intricate detail1 yet x mu/ be admitt$ t su* ma/]ly elaboration _h nev] be=e be5 attempt$ by ! pott]1 & ! e>ly copies ( ,w$gwood 7he set out to make only fifty7 /& unequall$ z specim5s ( pott+ by ! h&s ( tra9$ workm5 direct$ by g5ius4 ,w$gwood & 8 influ5ce4--,z a f9al ^w on ,w$gwood & 8 influ5ce1 some?+ %\ld be said z to ! *>ge laid aga9/ him t he inaugurat$ ! factory sy/em z appli$ to pott]y4 ,!re is no d\bt t he organis$ :at 0 be=e 8 day a some:at *aotic indu/ry4 ,& x is c]ta9 t he tra9$ 8 workm5 to become speciali/s1 & t ! sy/em ( ! division ( lab\r 0 ! ord] ( ! day at ,etruria4 ,b h[ else c\ld su* an output z 8 be h&l$8 ,x has be5 advanc$ t ! qua9tness ( ! peasant pott] & 8 lat] developm5t 0 subm]g$1 & t all individuality 0 lo/ "u ! new sy/em4 ,!re 0 a gr[+ t5d5cy to develop me*anical p]fection & to introduce lab\r-sav+ appliances1 b ?is 0 ! _s ( ! oncom+ mod]n age4 ,o!r factories1 8 contempor>ies1 7 adopt+ ! same pr9ciples1 & ^? :o ?9k ,w$gwood unorig9al or un9v5tive are q will+ to cr$it him ) all ! inv5tiv5ess & orig9ality necess>y to ov]turn ! old sy/em4 ,! tru? lies betwe5 ^! two extremes4 ,w$gwood1 9 common ) 8 contempor>ies1 n unwill+ly embrac$ all ! newe/ devices kn[n4 ,x 0 ,sadl] & ,gre51 ( ,liv]pool1 :o toge!r 9 "o day by _! inv5tion pr9t$ z _m tiles z x w\ld h tak5 a hundr$ pa9t]s to d 9 ! same "t4 ,simil>ly all ov] ! c\ntry artisans 9 ! *9a trade 7 becom+ specialis$4 ,!re 7 ! enamell]s at ,*elsea & o!r places1 & a little exam9ation w %[ t ,w$gwood did n inaugurate ?is mod]n factory me?od1 b )\t d\bt1 9 common ) all o!r ma/] pott]s1 he _h to g ) ! times4 ,trade rivalry 0 v /rong1 & competition 0 n unkn[n :5 e pott] 9 ,/af=d%ire 0 jeal\sly wat*+ ! late/ improvem5t ( 8 neighb\r4 ,b to saddle ,josiah ,w$gwood ) ! responsibility ( /amp+ out orig9al tal5t is beside ! m>k4 ,8 life-"w /&s impregnable aga9/ petty assault4 ,9 a ^w1 no o!r pott] ( mod]n times has s successfully weld$ into "o h>moni\s :ole ! prose & ! poetry ( ! c]amic art4 ,,w$gwood ,,m>ks4 ,illu/ration3 w$gwood #a4--,?is m>k occurs ^u a v e>ly specim5 ( ,que5's ,w>e1 a teapot1 pa9t$ ) fl[]s1 c41 suppos$ to h be5 made by ,w$gwood at ,burslem3 ea* lett] app>5tly /amp$ s+ly ) pr9t]s' type4 ,illu/ration3 ,,w$gwood ,,w$gwood ,w$gwood #b1 #c1 #d4--,^! m>ks1 v>y+ 9 size1 71 x is ?\ght1 us$ by ,w$gwood up to ! accession ( ,b5tley z 8 p>tn]1 #agfh-i1 & are f\nd ^u specim5s said to h be5 pur*as$ ab\t t p]iod4 ,illu/ration3 ,,w$gwood ,,b5tley #e4--,! circul> /amp1 )\t ! inn] & out] r+s1 & )\t ! ^w ,etruria1 is d\btless ! e>lie/ =m ( ! ,w$gwood & ,b5tley /amp1 & is f\nd ^u a set ( ?ree e>ly pa9t$ vases1 9 imitation ( natural /one1 ) gilt s]p5t & scroll h&les4 ,no o!r example ( ?is m>k is kn[n3 x may h be5 an exp]im5tal "o1 aft]w>ds *ang$ = ,no4 #f1 & nev] 9 g5]al use4 ,illu/ration #f4--,?is m>k1 ) ! ^w ,etruria1 is made ^u a waf]1 or bat1 & fix$ 9 ! corn]1 inside ! pl9? ( old basalt vases1 rev]s+ = c&elabra & "s l>ge specim5s2 x is sometimes f\nd on ! p$e/al ( a bu/ or l>ge figure4 ,illu/ration #g4--,! well-kn[n circul> /amp1 ) an inn] & out] l9e1 always plac$ r\nd ! screw ( ! basalt1 granite1 & ,etruscan vases1 b is nev] f\nd ^u ! jasp] vases ( any p]iod4 ,illu/ration3 ,,w$gwood ,,b5tley ,,w$gwood ,,b5tley ,w$gwood ,b5tley ,w$gwood ,b5tley #h1 #i1 #aj1 #aa4--,^! m>ks1 v>y+ 9 size1 are f\nd ^u bu/s1 granite1 & basalt vases1 figures1 plaques1 m$allions1 & cameos1 f ! l>ge/ tablet to ! smalle/ cameo = a r+ 7! writ] has "o1 only half an in* by ?ree-eigh?s ( an in*1 fully m>k$72 also f\nd ^u useful w>e ( ! p]iod4 ,illu/ration3 ,w$gwood ,b5tley #cef #ab4--,m>ks ^u ! ,w$gwood & ,b5tley intaglios1 ) ! catalogue numb]1 v>y+ 9 size4 ,v small intaglios are sometimes m>k$ ,w4 ,b4 ) ! catalogue numb]1 or simply ) numb] only4 ,illu/ration3 ,w$gwood ,b5tley4 #ac4--,?is r>e m>k is f\nd only ^u *ocolate & :ite seal intaglios1 usually portraits1 made ( two lay]s ( clay2 ! edges poli%$ = m\nt+4 ,x may be not$ t ! ^w & 9 e ,w$gwood & ,b5tley m>k is always contract$ 1 t no punctuation or o!r po9ts1 except+ ^? 9 m>ks ,no4 #e1 #f1 #g1 & #ac1 are ev] us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,w$gwood ,w$gwood ,w$gwood ,,w$gwood ,,w$gwood ,,w$gwood ,,w$gwood #ad1 #ae1 #af1 #ag1 #ah1 #ai1 #bj4--,m>ks1 v>y+ 9 size1 attribut$ to ! p]iod aft] ,b5tley's dea?1 & probably us$ = a "t aft] ,w$gwood di$4 ,^! m>ks & o!rs 7 us$ by *ance--a small piece (t5 be>+ a l>ge /amp1 & a l>ge "o a m9ute /amp4 ,illu/ration3 ,,w$gwood ,,sons #ba4--,?is r>e m>k exi/s ^u "s l>ge squ>e plateaux 9 cane-col\r$ jasp]4 ,x may h be5 "o adopt$ ^u ! *ange ( p>tn]%ip 9 #agij1 b little us$4 ,! circul> ann\nc+ ! *ange says3 ,! m>k ',,w$gwood' w be cont9u$ )\t any addition4 ,illu/ration3 ,,w$gwood ,,etruria ,,w$gwood ,,etruria ,w$gwood ,etruria #bb1 #bc1 #bd4--,^! m>ks r>ely f\nd ^u pieces ( v high "*--usually ^u d>k blue /onew>e1 vases1 & glaz$ w>e4 ,adopt$ ab\t #ahdj1 b soon disus$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,w$gwood 79 r$1 blue1 or gold7 #be4--,! m>k ^u ,w$gwood ,,porcela9 made f #ahje-ahae4 ,always pr9t$ ei!r 9 r$ or blue1 sometimes 9 gold4 ,an impress$ m>k _c be us$ ) c]ta9ty ^u s(t-pa/e porcela91 be+ s apt to diffuse out 9 fir+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,w$gwood ,,w$gwood #bf1 #bg4--,^! m>ks1 v>y+ 9 size1 are /ill us$ at ,etruria = ! mod]n jasp] & useful w>e ( all v>ieties4 ,illu/ration3 ,,w$gwood #bh4--,! manufacture ( f9e porcela9 0 reviv$ at ,etruria1 #ahgh1 & is /ill cont9u$4 ,?is m>k1 pr9t$ 9 black & o!r col\rs1 is us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,engl& #bi4--,! ^w ,,engl& 0 add$ to ! m>k ,,w$gwood 9 #ahia1 to comply ) ! new ,am]ican ,cu/oms ,regulations1 kn[n z ! ,mc,kinley ,t>iff ,act4 ,! occurr5ce ( ?ree capital lett]s1 ,,ano1 ,,rep1 c41 9 addition to "n appe>s on w>e aft] #ahdj4 ,! fir/ two lett]s are workm5's m>ks1 & ! ?ird is a date lett]1 e4g41 ,o #ahee1 ,p #ahef1 & s on1 z 9 hall-m>ks on silv]4 ,,prices4 ,,w$gwood4 s4 d4 ,oval4 ,ganym$e fe$+ ,eagle 7#f-a_/d 94 by #e-a_/d 9471 m>k$ ,w$gwood ,b5tley ,*ri/ie1 ,june1 #aijf #dj #ai #j ,oblong oval4 ,m>riage ( ,cupid & ,psy*e 7#f 94 by #g-c_/d 9471 m>k$ ,w$gwood ,b5tley4 ,*ri/ie1 ,june1 #aijf #ed #ab #j ,bu/s1 ,m9]va & ,m]cury1 black basalt1 #ah 94 high4 ,*ri/ie1 ,novemb]1 #aijf #af #af #j ,oval portrait1 9 jasp]1 :ite on blue gr\nd1 ( ,capta9 ,cook 7#aj 94 by #h 9471 m>k$ ,w$gwood ,b5tley4 ,so!by1 ,febru>y1 #aijg #af #af #j ,jasp] vase1 blue1 ) ,v5us & ,cupid 9 relief1 h&les coil$ ) s]p5ts4 ,*ri/ie1 ,febru>y1 #aijh #cc #ab #j ,a pair ( spla%$ mauve ,nautilus ,%ells1 m>k$ ,w$gwood4 ,so!by1 ,decemb]1 #aijh #c #aj #j ,! above prices are = ord9>y collectors' examples ( old ,w$gwood4 ,b exceptional pieces br+ exceptional prices4 ,! l>ge/ kn[n example ( a blue & :ite jasp] plaque 7#aa 94 by #bf 947 sold = #dae at ,*ri/ie's 9 #ahhj1 & ! f9e jasp] vase ,! ,apo!osis ( ,hom] 7n[ 9 ! ,twe$m\? ,collection7 realis$ #hjj gu9eas4 ,,viii ,,! ,,s*ool ,,( ,,w$gwood ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,s*ool ,,( ,,w$gwood #agfj-ahaj ,william ,adams 7( ,gre5gates7 7#aghi-ahje7--;,john ,turn] 7( ,lane ,end7 7#agci-aghf7--,! plagi>i/s ( ,w$gwood--,! ,w$gwood influ5ce--,! pass+ ( classicism--,table ( ,m>ks--,prices4 ,pott]s :o foll[$ ,w$gwood may be divid$ into ?ree classes4 ,m5 su* z ,john ,turn] & ,william ,adams1 :o 7 competitors ) him 9 fri5dly rivalry1 ea* /riv+ to emulate ! successes ( ! o!r1 & ea* do+ orig9al & indep5d5t "w4 ,indebt$1 & greatly indebt$ to ,w$gwood z ^! pott]s 71 !y produc$ "w equal ) 8 9 te*nique4 ,! blue jasp] ( ,william ,adams1 if any?+1 is r f9] ?an t ( 8 ma/]4 ,john ,turn]1 ( ,lane ,end1 made jasp] f a diff]5t =mula to ,w$gwood1 be+ m porcellan\s 9 "*4 ,^! m51 8 fri5ds & intimates1 & ,palm]1 ( ,hanley1 :o 0 fir/ to apply bas-reliefs to 8 black vases1 9 #agfi1 may be said to repres5t orig9al rese>*1 z comp>$ ) un9v5tive copy+4 ,! second class1 :i* includes contempor>ies su* z ,elijah ,may]1 & ,palm]1 ( ,hanley1 :o mu/ be includ$ "h 79 spite ( 8 /reak ( orig9ality above allud$ to1 & 8 f9e use ( gild+ to granitic w>e71 & ,neale1 8 bro!r-9-law1 & ,voyez1 ! modell]1 & ,holl9s1 may all be said to be plagi>i/s :o liv$ l>gely on ,w$gwood's jasp] & basalt w>e1 z well z sev]al s*ools su* z ,h>tley ,gre5s 7( ,le$s71 & ,swansea & ,spode1 & _m o!rs :o foll[$ 8 cream-w>e designs4 ,9 reg>d to ,palm] & ,neale & ,voyez ! case is v /rong1 z !y are /at$ to h =g$ ! m>k ,w$gwood ,b5tley 9 "s ( _! m$allions2 b aga9/ ! o!rs ! case mu/ n be press$ too closely1 z !y und\bt$ly display$ a f]tility ( inv5tion & an orig9ality aft] !y _h once le>n$ ! ,w$gwood mann]4 ,le$s1 9 p>ticul>1 hav+ caught ! _s t ,w$gwood _h transplant$ f ! silv]smi? to 8 dess]t s]vices1 produc$ cream-w>e rivall+ t ( ,etruria4 ,t5nyson _h a set ( v]ses :i* illu/rate ?is situation4 ,he tells ( him :o ca/ to e>? a se$ :i* grew s tall x wore a cr[n ( light4 ,b ?ieves f o'er ! wall ,/ole ! se$ by night4 ,s[n f> & wide 9 e t[n1 x won univ]sal admiration1 &1 says ! poet--:o1 by ! way1 0 ?9k+ ( plagi>i/s ( 8 own /yle-- ,mo/ c raise ! fl[]s n[1 ,= all h got ! se$4 ,we mu/ make "o o!r po9t2 x 0 ,w$gwood :o light$ ! way ev5 to 8 s\rce ( inspiration4 ,he made no secret ( 8 indebt$ness to ! art ( ! silv]smi?1 & 9 recognis+ 9 ! antiqu>ian works ( ,c\nt ,caylus & ,sir ,william ,hamilton a new field1 he left x op5 = o!rs to g to ! same orig9al s\rces1 nor 7 8 contempor>ies sl[ 9 do+ ?is4 ,s t1 9 a measure1 ?is second class ( pott]s may be exon]at$ f ! *>ge ( plagi>ism :5 we f9d !m /rik+ out = !mselves4 ,*ipp5dale1 :5 he promulgat$ 8 ,director giv+ designs = furniture1 /raightway />t$ a s*ool ( cab9et-mak]s1 :o work$ aft] 8 designs 9 e locality 9 ,engl&4 ,^! e>ly pione]s 9 art--,*ipp5dale1 ! ma/]ly adapt] ( all t 0 be/ on ! ,cont95t1 & ,w$gwood1 translator ( classicism into ,engli% pott]y--work$ ) broad & g5]\s _s1 & _! contempor>ies & ^? :o came imm$iately aft] !m help$ !mselves lib]ally to ! ov]fl[+ pr(usion ( ideas4 ,! ?ird class is ! great cr[d ( less] m51 pott]s :o claim little att5tion = orig9al "w1 b :o are rememb]$ z produc+1 z an e*o to ! great classic revival1 designs & %apes & copies ( ,w$gwood's w>e1 sometimes 9 /onew>e = jugs1 & m (t5 9 cream-w>e1 )\t an add$ t\* ( orig9ality4 ,9 ?is decad5t p]iod1 :5 n only 9 ,/af=d%ire b 9 o!r p>ts ( ! c\ntry ?is 0 be+ l>gely done1 & n always done well1 ?\gh !re are exceptions to :i* we %all allude lat]1 "o is rem9d$ ( ! pregnant words ( ,goe!3 ,!re are _m e*oes1 b few voices4 ,william ,adams 7#agde-ahje74--,! ,adams family are r5[n$ 9 ,/af=d%ire z be+ among ! olde/ pott]s 9 ! c\ntry4 ,9 connection ) classic w>e ,william ,adams1 ( ,gre5gates1 is pre-em95t4 ,at 8 dea?1 9 #ahje1 ! works 7 c>ri$ on by ,b5jam9 ,adams till #ahbj4 ,!re is consid]able confusion betwe5 contempor>y memb]s ( ?is family1 bo? ( ! same "n1 ,william ,adams 7( ,cobridge71 ,william ,adams 7( ,gre5field71 & ! subject ( ! pres5t rem>ks1 ,william ,adams1 ( ,gre5gates1 :o comm5c$ z ma/] pott] !re 9 #aghi4 ,!re 7 o!r firms1 su* z ,j4 ,adams ,co41 or ,adams ,bromley1 :o made jasp] w>e betwe5 ab\t #ahgj & #ahhf1 & :o /amp$ _! w>e ,,adams1 or ,,adams ,,co4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 does n come into ! realm ( collect+1 & ?is latt] firm has no?+ to d ) ! old-e/abli%$ family ( ,adams4 ,b collectors _c be too c>eful :5 auction catalogues describe su* w>e z ,adams4 ,! beautiful ,adams blue :i* is ( a violet tone is mu* admir$1 & 9 ! f9ely-modell$ classic reliefs ! /yle is less frigid ?an ,w$gwood1 z ,william ,adams drew 8 inspiration m f ,lat9 ?an ,greek models4 ,z a rule 8 jasp] is a trifle m wax5 ?an t ( ,w$gwood1 b nev] glossy4 ,william ,adams 0 a fav\rite pupil ( ,w$gwood1 & 0 d\btless indebt$ to him = ! guidance t set ! "y pott] to "w 9 fri5dly & amicable rivalry ) 8 late ma/]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,blue ,,& ,,:ite ,,jasp] ,,vase4 ,impress$ m>k ,,turn]4 ,subject--,diana 9 h] ,*>iot4 7,john ,turn]1 ( ,lane ,end1 #agfb-aghf47 ,,blue ,,& ,,:ite ,,jasp] ,,vase4 ,impress$ m>k ,,adams4 7,ab\t #agij47 7,william ,adams1 ( ,gre5gates1 made jasp] #aghg-ahje47 7,at ,briti% ,museum47 ,z a modell] he 0 ( exceptional m]it1 & x is kn[n t he design$1 himself1 sev]al ( 8 f9e/ pieces1 su* z ! ,seasons1 8 ,v5us ,b\nd1 & ,cupid ,dis>m$1 8 ,p&ora1 ,psy*e try+ "o ( ,cupid's ,d>ts1 & ! ,muses4 ,monglott1 a ,swiss arti/1 0 employ$ by him on jasp] vases1 & x is believ$ t ,eno* ,wood is responsible = design+ ! hunt+ sc5es :i* appe> on ! f9e /onew>e jugs & tank>ds simil> 9 /yle to ! ,turn] jug illu/rat$ 7p4 #bfg74 ,_m ( 8 jugs _h silv] m\nts4 ,9 reg>d to m>ks1 t usually f\nd is ,,adams impress$4 ,sometimes1 ?\gh r>ely1 ! m>k is ,,adams ,,co42 & lat] 8 son1 ,b5jam9 ,adams1 _h ! impress$ m>k ,b4 ,,adams1 :i* appe>s on /onew>e & blue pr9t$ w>e4 ,to ^? :o desire to famili>ise !mselves ) ! g5ius ( ,william ,adams1 !re is a special volume by ,mr4 ,william ,turn]1 entitl$ ,william ,adams1 an ,old ,engli% ,pott] 7,*apman ,hall1 #aijd71 :i* is a full & le>n$ monograph1 deal+ 9 ?or\gh mann] ) ! productions ( ,william ,adams & ( 8 k9sfolk1 ! ,adams family ( pott]s4 ,we illu/rate "o ( a pair ( jasp] vases 9 blue & :ite by ,adams1 9 date ab\t #agij4 ,! classic figure subjects1 z w be se51 display a simplicity & exquisite grace ( modell+ & arrangem5t n surpass$ ev5 by ,w$gwood 7see p4 #bfa74 ,john ,turn]1 ( ,lane ,end 7#agci-aghf74--,w$gwood & ,turn] 7 intimates1 & 9 consid]+ ,turn] we mu/ reg>d him z a fri5dly neighb\r1 z well z a rival pott]4 ,he made "s rem>kably f9e jasp]1 ?\gh x diff]$ 9 its body v greatly f t ( ,w$gwood1 be+ m closely alli$ ) porcela94 ,x conta9$ no b>ytes 9 its composition4 ,9 design ,turn]1 ?\gh n imitative1 foll[$ ! ,greek s*ool & produc$1 z a modell] himself1 "s exquisitely proportion$ pieces4 ,we illu/rate a f9e vase 9 blue-&-:ite jasp] :i* is especially graceful 9 design1 ! sev]ity be+ reliev$ by ! delicacy ( ! f9e subject 9 relief ( ,diana 9 h] ,*>iot draw+ a pair ( goats & accompani$ by fly+ *]ubs 7see p4 #bfa74 ,?is subject1 x w be notic$1 is reproduc$ 9 a transf]-pr9t$ jug illu/rat$ 9 a lat] *apt] 7p4 #cai74 ,b x is 9 ! unglaz$ /onew>e t he surpass$ any?+ 8 contempor>ies _h done4 ,x 0 ab\t #aghj t he discov]$1 aft] hunt+ = clay ev5 s f> afield z ,cornwall1 ! precise e>? he want$ 9 8 own neighb\rhood at ,longton4 ,9 col\r x 0 a w>m biscuit tone1 & x 0 capable ( be+ modell$ ) exactitude into f9e %>p designs 9 relief4 ,9 /onew>e jugs ) classic figures 9 relief he set ! fa%ion = half a c5tury4 ,8 teapots & c(fee-pots are models ( graceful design4 ,we illu/rate a f9e example ( a ,teapot 7p4 #bfg71 ) ! lid p]fectly fitt+1 made to slide 9 a groove1 & %[+ 9 cle> relief ! /yle ( ornam5tation = :i* ,turn] became s r5[n$4 ,! o!r illu/ration1 on ! same page1 ( an equally p]fect ,/onew>e ,jug ) metal m\nts1 %[s a slight dep>ture f classic ornam5t4 ,! figures are 9 old ,engli% co/ume1 & are engag$ 9 ar*]y4 ,x w ?us be se5 t ev5 9 ! e>ly days !re 0 exhibit$ a t5d5cy to dep>t f classic figure design & turn to equally graceful b homeli] subjects4 ,possibly ?is influ5ce may h be5 due to ,eno* ,wood1 :o is believ$ to h be5 employ$ by ,turn] z a modell]2 b accurate in=mation reg>d+ ,turn]'s modell]s is n kn[n4 ,besides ! above-m5tion$ w>es1 ,turn] also made black basalt ( v high quality1 be+ pref]r$ by "s connoisseurs to t ( ,w$gwood4 ,he also 0 ! fir/ to introduce "u-glaze pr9t+ into ,/af=d%ire1 & al?\gh he did n introduce ! will[ patt]n 7,spode br\ght t f ,caughley71 he made w>e ) ?is patt]n pr9t$ 9 "u-glaze blue1 & 8 plates & di%es h p]=at$ bord]s4 ,we illu/rate a f9e example ( ?is w>e 7p4 #cca74 ,! ,plagi>i/s ( ,w$gwood4--,we h se5 t ,john ,turn]1 ( ,lane ,end1 t ,william ,adams1 ( ,gre5gates1 came "u ! /rong influ5ce ( ,w$gwood1 b 7 no m imitators1 9 ! broad s5se1 ?an ,ga9sbor\gh & ,romney may be said to be imitators ( ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds4 ,x mu/ be all[$ 9 art t a s*ool may arise "u ! guidance ( "s rem>kable g5ius :o t+es ! orig9ality ( 8 contempor>ies ) 8 own ma/] m9d4 ,w$gwood _h ! inspiration to transplant classic decoration into ,/af=d%ire--! re/ 0 easy2 hav+ %[n ! way1 cr[ds ( less] m5 seiz$ ! new ideas ) avidity4 ,*ief among ! direct copyi/s 0 ,h5ry ,palm]4 ,he _h a sp>k ( orig9ality1 z we h se51 anticipat+ ,w$gwood by "s five ye>s 9 apply+ bas-reliefs to 8 black vases1 & ! spr9kl$ m>bl$ w>e t\*$ ) gold 0 ano!r success ( 81 b "h 8 +5uity end$4 ,he mu/ h be5 a great ?orn 9 ,w$gwood's side1 = he is said to h procur$ e new patt]n on its appe>ance & copi$ x4 ,voyez1 :o 0 a modell] & n a pott]1 assi/$ 9 ?is nef>i\s traffic2 b ,voyez1 9 spite ( 8 rascality1 0 a clev] modell]1 & /ruck out a new l9e 9 8 ru/ic or ,fair ,hebe jugs4 ,he 0 employ$ at "o "t by ,w$gwood1 & probably by ,ralph ,wood4 ,voyez specialis$ on ! intaglio seals1 & add$ ,w$gwood & ,b5tley's names to 8 h&iwork4 ,on o!r intaglios1 equally imitative1 & on vases is ! "n ,,palm] or ! initials ,h4 ,p4 ,w$gwood himself--z d collectors n[adays--0 oblig$ to ackn[l$ge ! f9e quality ( ! "w ( ,palm] & ( ,neale1 = he admitt$ to ,b5tley t !y 7 s]i\s competitors1 & he evid5tly fe>$ _! activity1 z he says1 ,we mu/ be progress+ or we %all h !m tread+ on our heels4 ,! sagacity ( ,w$gwood's rem>k is obvi\s1 = an exam9ation ( ! ,neale-&-,palm] jasp] & o!r w>e reveals an amaz+ ma/]y ( te*nique4 ,x is f9ely pott$ & well balanc$ 9 ornam5t & design4 ,if x 7 n = ! impress$ m>k su* vases might readily pass z ,w$gwood4 ,x is n improbable t 9 ! middle n9ete5? c5tury ! names bo? ( ,adams & ,palm] & ,neale 7 gr\nd out ( ! bases ( "s ( _! f9] vases by +5i\s p]sons1 :o pass$ !m (f z ! "w ( ,w$gwood4 ,illu/ration3 ,,turn] ,,/onew>e ,,teapot1 ,,unglaz$4 ,) ornam5t 9 relief & classic figure subjects4 ,m>k impress$ ,,turn]4 7,height #d-a_/b in*es47 7,9 ! collection ( ,mrs4 ,l4 ,scott47 ,illu/ration3 ,,turn] ,,/onew>e ,,jug1 ,,unglaz$4 ,) decoration 9 relief ( ar*]y4 ,silv] lid & rim4 ,m>k impress$ ,,turn]4 7,height #i in*es47 7,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,john ,watson ,bradley47 ,m>ks--,palm]1 ,neale1 ,wilson4--,9 reg>d to m>ks1 ,h4 ,,palm] or ,,palm]4 ,,hanley is ! e>lie/--sometimes only ! initials ,h4 ,p4 ,ab\t #aggf he ent]$ into p>tn]%ip ) 8 bro!r-9-law1 & sometimes ! m>k ,,neale alone is f\nd & (t5 ,,neale ,,co4 ,^! m>ks are usually 9 circles2 on "o piece appe>s ,i4 ,,neale1 ) ! ^w ,,hanly 7spelt wrongly7 b5ea?4 ,ab\t #aggh ,rob]t ,wilson jo9$ ! firm1 & aft] #aghh 8 "n alone appe>s4 ,/onew>e jugs--drab gr\nd ) cupids 9 relief--baskets1 & cream-w>e are (t5 f\nd m>k$ ,,wilson surm\nt$ by a cr[n ) ! lett] ,c above4 ,sometimes ?is is pres5t )\t ! "n4 ,wilson1 too1 is rememb]$ = hav+ introduc$ *alk into ! body ( 8 cream-w>e1 :i* 0 ( exceptional value 9 :it5+ ! w>e & r5d]+ x m adapt$ = "u-glaze pr9t+4 ,at ,wilson's dea?1 9 #ahjb1 ,david ,wilson succe$$ to ! pott]y1 & ! firm %ortly aft] became ,d4 ,wilson ,sons4 ,^! ,wilsons made p9k lu/re1 simil> to t ( ,w$gwood1 & also silv] lu/re1 ^u "s ( :i* ! "n ( ,wilson is impress$4 ,?is br+s ! factory d[n to #ahbj1 :5 x pass$ into o!r h&s4 ,we h se5 t ,adams & ,turn] & ,palm] & ,neale came m or less into t\* ) ,w$gwood z contempor>y rivals4 ,be=e com+ to ! cr[d ( less] m51 or less]-kn[n m51 we mu/ n omit ,josiah ,spode1 :o 0 a colleague ( ,w$gwood "u ,:ieldon2 ,elijah ,may]1 ^: black basalt 0 almo/ equal to t ( ,w$gwood1 & ^: enamel cream-w>e /&s arti/ically v high2 & ,samuel ,holl9s1 ( ,%elton1 ) f9e r$ or *ocolate w>e1 hav+ z d5se a "* z ,w$gwood's imitations ( ! ,el]s w>e1 & ,holl9s 9 8 jasp] produc$ "s f9e examples ) orig9al comb9ations ( col\rs4 ,josiah ,spode ! ,fir/ 7!re are ?ree pott]s 9 succession ( t "n7 made1 9 common ) o!r pott]s1 ! black basalt w>e f #aggj1 :5 he comm5c$ z pott]1 & he produc$ /onew>e jugs simil> 9 "* to ^? ( ,adams & ,turn]1 foll[+ ! sport+ subjects 9 relief & dep>t+ f ! ultra-classical subjects ( ,w$gwood4 ,?is class ( jug & mug 0 made by _m pott]s--its "* 0 ,engli%1 & x 0 evid5tly popul>4 ,an illu/ration ( ! type appe>s on page #bgg4 ,dav5port1 ( ,longport1 made ! same patt]n2 x 0 made at ,ca/le=d1 ne> ,le$s1 & ,holl9s & o!rs adopt$ ! design 9 relief ( a fox-hunt1 ) horsem5 dism\nt$ prep>+ to jo9 o!rs at ! kill1 :i* is %[n on ! rev]se4 ,9 fact1 x 0 almo/ z mu* copi$ 9 /onew>e z ! will[ patt]n 0 9 blue-pr9t$ w>e4 ,b ,josiah ,spode is be/ kn[n z devot+ consid]able skill 9 ! improvem5t ( "u-glaze blue-pr9t+ cream-w>e4 ,9 #aghc he br\ght two workm5 into ,/af=d%ire f ,caughley1 :]e "u-glaze blue-pr9t+ "u ,?omas ,turn] 0 9 full sw+4 ,spode 0 n ! fir/ to introduce "u-glaze blue-pr9t+ into ,/af=d%ire2 ?is is due to ,john ,turn]1 ( ,lane ,end 7:om we h describ$1 mak] ( ! f9e jasp]-w>e & /onew>e teapots & jugs71 n to be conf\nd$ ) ,?omas ,turn]1 ! mak] ( porcela9 at ,caughley1 :o introduc$ ! will[ patt]n 9 #aghj1 :i* same design 0 introduc$ into ,/af=d%ire 9 #aghd by ,spode--a ye> aft] 8 two m5 came ov] f ,caughley4 ,b ?is & blue transf]-pr9t+ is dealt ) 9 a subsequ5t *apt]4 ,some?+ %\ld be said ( ,josiah ,spode ! ,second 7#agig-ahbg71 :o cont9u$ ! blue-pr9t$ w>e1 & produc$ a great numb] ( /onew>e jugs ) decoration 9 relief simil> to ^? we h allud$ to1 & produc$ jasp] w>e 9 blue & :ite ) ! famili> subjects ( ,w$gwood's day4 ,to him mu/ be giv5 ! cr$it ( introduc+ col\r into ,/af=d%ire e>!nw>e1 col\r su* z x _h nev] be=e attempt$4 ,8 f9e imitations ( ! ,d]by-,japan porcela9 designs m>k a new era 9 ,/af=d%ire e>!nw>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,black ,,basalt ,,teapot1 ,,unglaz$4 ,impress$ m>k ,e4 ,,may]4 7#aggj-ahac47 7,ab\t #aghf47 7,at ,briti% ,museum47 ,illu/ration3 ,,black ,,basalt ,,teapot1 ,,unglaz$4 ,impress$ m>k ,,bir*4 7,ab\t #ahjb47 7,9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,f4 ,w4 ,phillips1 ,hit*947 ,^! illu/rations %[ ! imitativ5ess ( ?is s*ool ( pott]s & ! difficulty ( id5tification4 ,! ,spodes br\ght some?+ new into ,/af=d%ire e>!nw>e4 ,! eld] ,spode evid5tly _h a /rong love = ,ori5tal subjects1 z 9 ! will[ patt]n1 :i* he lift$ f ,caughley porcela94 ,he broke away--& o!rs foll[$ him readily en\gh--f ! cupids & psy*es & gods & goddesses ( ! old _w1 & foll[$ ! new]-import$ ideas 9 ,*9ese ta/e1 n[ ! fa%ion at ,worce/]1 ,b[1 & o!r *9a factories4 ,le$s & ,swansea 7 n sl[ 9 snat*+ at ?is new ,ori5tal /yle ( decoration4 ,9 ! ,/af=d%ire cream-w>e jug we previ\sly illu/rat$ pa9t$ 9 "u-glaze col\rs1 some:at br[n ow+ to ! imp]fect k ( ! ,/af=d%ire pott] 9 "u-glaze "w submitt$ to great heat1 we see an example ( pa9t$ design 9 ,ori5tal /yle1 :i* came %ortly to be m p]fectly done 9 "u-glaze blue1 z 9 ! pa9t$ plate ( ,le$s w>e illu/rat$ 7p4 #cjc74 ,b mu* 9 ! same mann] "w su* z ! pa9t$ sc5]y on s]vices l t made by ,w$gwood = ,ca!r9e ,,ii4 0 %ortly supplant$ by black & purple & r$ transf]-pr9t+ done at ,liv]pool1 s ! %ort-liv$ "u-glaze blue pa9t+ on e>!nw>e 0 quickly kill$ by ,spode & ! o!r ,/af=d%ire pott]s :5 !y rapidly develop$ ! "u-glaze transf]-pr9t+ 9 blue4 ,x 0 q an orig9al dep>ture1 & ow$ no?+ to ,josiah ,w$gwood 7:o nev] employ$ transf]-pr9t+ 9 blue71 ?\gh x 0 adopt$ v successfully by ! firm aft] 8 dea?4 ,& ,josiah ,spode ! eld] mo/ c]ta9ly _h a /rong influ5ce 9 ! pott]s ( 8 day 9 acclimatis+ ! will[ patt]n 9 ,/af=d%ire1 & 9 assimilat+ ! be/ ef=ts ( ,*9ese decoration z appli$ to blue-&-:ite w>e4 ,& ,josiah ,spode ! ,second1 ) equal orig9ality1 took up ! next /age 9 adopt+ ! gorge\s col\r+ ( ,japan4 ,?is br+s ! /ory ( ! developm5t ( ,w$gwood's cream-w>e up to mod]n times4 ,& ! same *a9 ( developm5t might be trac$ 9 ! hi/ory ( "s ( ! o!r great pott]s ^: desc5dants /ill c>ry on ! manufacture4 ,cream-w>e at fir/ pa9t$1 !n transf]-pr9t$ 9 black or r$1 !n pa9t$ 9 blue "u-glaze--:i* 0 kill$ by ! blue "u-glaze pr9t+--f9ally emulat$ ! ri* col\rs & gild+ ( porcela94 ,to return to ,elijah ,may] 7#aggj-ahac74 ,f #aghf he appe>s to h produc$ black basalt tea w>e2 8 f9e teapots ) ! seat$ figure at ! apex are well kn[n1 & 8 unglaz$ cane-col\r$ w>e is mu* priz$1 ) its simple decorations 9 l9es ( gre5 & blue4 ,we illu/rate 7p4 #bga7 an example ( a ,black ,basalt ,teapot1 & b5ea? x an illu/ration ( a simil> model by ,bir*1 %[+ ! imitativ5ess ( ?is s*ool ( pott]s & h[ difficult x is to id5tify specim5s4 ,8 cream-w>e des]ves especial att5tion1 z 8 enamell+ 0 9 v arti/ic mann]1 & x /&s out prom95tly among a cr[d ( imitators ( ,w$gwood's cream-w>e bord]s4 ,e mak] n only took ! body ( ! w>e1 b 9 s do+ he foll[$ ! designs by ,flaxman or "s ( ,w$gwood's o!r arti/s1 /ill f\nd 9 ! old patt]n-books to-day at ,etruria4 ,z an example ( ?is imitation 9 detail1 see ! ,swansea cream-w>e plate illu/rat$ 7p4 #cig74 ,may] made black glaz$ tea w>e1 & ?is1 :5 unm>k$1 is v commonly attribut$ by beg9n]s to ,turn]4 ,! m>ks impress$ are ,e4 ,,may]1 & aft] #ahbj ,e4 ,,may] ,,son4 ,at a lat] p]iod ! m>k 0 ,,joseph ,,may]4 ,samuel ,holl9s 7#aggd-ahaf71 ) 8 r$ & *ocolate unglaz$ w>e decorat$ ) ornam5t 9 ! ,el]s mann] & made f ! clay at ,bradwell ,wood1 is des]v$ly notewor?y z well z = sev]al important dep>tures 9 col\r 9 ! /onew>e teapots & c(fee-pots :i* he made ( gre51 ) t\*es ( appli$ ornam5t 9 blue jasp]4 ,he foll[$ silv] designs1 & avoid$ ! cold1 classic =ms ( ,w$gwood4 ,he dep>t$ f ! /raight l9es ( ! ,turn] teapot4 ,he lov$ ornam5t1 & !re is a t\* ( elaboration 9 8 design1 z ?\gh attempt+ to %ake (f ! sev]e =mality ( ! ,bro!rs ,adam /yle ( design1 & he /rongly lov$ col\r4 ,samuel ,holl9s 0 "o ( ! proprietors 9 ! ,new ,hall *9a works1 & 8 successors 7 ,t4 & ,j4 ,holl9s1 :o cont9u$ to make jasp] w>e 9 ! /yle ( ,w$gwood4 ,_! names are impress$ on _m examples4 ,! ,w$gwood influ5ce4--,9 ! latt] days ( ! eighte5? c5tury & ! e>ly days ( ! n9ete5?1 ! direct influ5ce ( ,w$gwood became some?+ m remote4 ,b ev5 9 e>ly n9ete5?-c5tury days !re 7 und5iable traces ( ! old models & ! old =m ( w>e4 ,take1 = example1 ! unm>k$ e>ly n9ete5?-c5tury ,black ,basalt ,teapot 9 ! =m ( a b>rel1 ) ! grape-v9e ornam5t 9 relief1 & ! p9e cone at top ( lid 7illu/rat$ p4 #bgg74 ,und\bt$ly ?is has left all classic =m1 b x has reta9$ ! te*nique ( ,w$gwood4 ,9 "s ( ! buff-col\r$1 unglaz$ /onew>e jugs :i* are unm>k$1 !re is ! incl9ation to foll[ ! sport+ subjects 9 relief1 :i* ,adams & ,turn] & ,spode s successfully adopt$1 & ! twi/$ snake-h&le & reptilian-modell$ m\? become orig9al 9 treatm5t4 ,9 g5]al1 x may be said1 t ! classic influ5ce rema9$ = a consid]able "t 9 ! /onew>e ( v>i\s k9ds1 b 9 ! cream-w>e :i* is ! ma9 /ream ( ,engli% e>!nw>e1 ! =ms & ! ornam5tation m rapidly dep>t$ f ! /yles ( ,w$gwood's que5's w>e4 ,h5ce we f9d two oppos+ influ5ces work+ aga9/ ea* o!r 9 ! ,/af=d%ire pott]s' m9ds4 ,! be/ ( !m 9 _! highe/ flights essay$ to make jasp]1 or to copy or emulate ,w$gwood's classic /yle 9 vases & important ornam5tal pieces4 ,mo/ ( !m l>gely made ! /onew>e ( v>i\s col\rs1 & also ! black basalt4 ,all ( !m made cream-w>e1 :i* 0 ! /aple w>e ( ,/af=d%ire1 9 a ?\s& diff]5t =ms4 ,z "t w5t on all except cream-w>e began to det]iorate f ! e>lie/ prototypes1 & ! lat] =ms are debas$ 9 design & inf]ior 9 pott+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,spode ,,/onew>e ,,jug4 ,ri* blue glaz$ gr\nd ) decoration ( hunt+ sc5e 9 :ite relief4 ,,dav5port ,,/onew>e ,,jug4 ,same design z adjac5t jug1 b hav+ :ite gr\nd ) subject 9 relief4 7,9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,hub]t ,g\ld47 ,illu/ration3 ,,black ,,basalt ,,teapot4 ,9 ! =m ( a b>rel1 ) grape-v9e decoration 9 relief4 7,e>ly n9ete5? c5tury47 ,! pass+ ( classicism4--,f ! fir/ !re 7 ^? :o 7 classic only by compulsion4 ,w$gwood 0 reg>d$ z too classic = vulg> ta/es4 ,! cream-w>e & ! col\r$ figures display a ready appreciation ( public wants4 ,ev5 ,voyez desc5d$ to ru/icity 9 8 jugs4 ,spode _h a lean+ = ,ori5tal subjects 9 8 blue pr9t$ w>e1 :i* 0 quickly adopt$ by ,le$s4 ,adams lean$ to l&scape subjects aft] ,claude & ,engli% sc5]y4 ,nor 0 ?is all4 ,! cream-w>e figures & ! mugs & jugs provid$ full scope = ! pott]'s fancy 9 political1 satirical1 patriotic1 & humor\s & fancy subjects4 ,f ,sund]l& to ,swansea ! cream-w>e took to itself m homely s5tim5ts & m *>act]i/ic design4 ,x became1 dur+ ! la/ qu>t] ( ! eighte5? c5tury & ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! n9ete5?1 z ,engli% z if ! gods & goddesses _h nev] desc5d$ into ,/af=d%ire1 & z ?\gh ,w$gwood _h nev] be54 ,mo/ ( ?is cream-w>e 0 transf]-pr9t$1 ! ,caxtons ( ,/af=d%ire _h f\nd blank spots en\gh to fill on _! :ite w>e1 & 9 fill+ !m !y h left u a p]man5t record ( popul> feel+ :i* 0 at ! "t /rong en\gh to induce !m to ru% into pr9t on e conceivable subject ) que] engrav$ decoration & :imsically illit]ate v]se4 ,m>ks4--,! foll[+ are "s ( ! names1 mo/ly f\nd z impress$ m>ks1 on w>e ( ! ,w$gwood s*ool1 9 date f #agfj to #ahce1 a p]iod ( ?ree-qu>t]s ( a c5tury4 ,9 _m cases 9 addition to w>e be>+ traces ( a classic influ5ce1 ! pott]s made cream w>e ) blue-pr9t$ decoration1 a /yle :i* 0 n employ$ at ,etruria until ! second ,w$gwood p]iod1 on ! dea? ( ,josiah ,w$gwood 9 #agie4d ,note3 #d ,comp>e ?is ) ! ,li/ ( ,m>ks on ,transf]-pr9t$ ,w>e1 pp4 #cdg-ce4 ,! names are arrang$ alphabetically1 &1 :]e ( int]e/1 ! class ( w>e associat$ ) ! pott] is giv54 ,william ,adams #aghg-ahje ,f9e jasp] w>e ( ! highe/ 7( ,gre5gates7 quality4 ,/onew>e & blue-pr9t$ w>e4 ,j4 ,aynsley #agij-ahbf ,silv] lu/re4 ,transf]-pr9t$ w>e4 ,melon- & b>rel-%ap$ teapots4 ,batty ,co4 ,vases & jugs1 classic figures z frieze1 pr9t$ 9 "u-glaze blue t\*$ ) v]milion4 ,e4 ,j4 ,bir* ,black basalt w>e ( good quality 7sometimes m>k$ ) ,e4,i4,b4 impress$74 ,bott ,co4 ,bu/s pa9t$ 9 col\rs4 ,vases transf]-pr9t$4 ,j4 ,clem5tson #ahcb-ahfg ,:ite w>e blue-pr9t$ ) =eign sc5]y4 7,m>k$ ) "n & pho5ix47 ,clews #ahad-ahcf ,/onew>e jugs4 ,blue-pr9t$ cream w>e4 ,picturesque views & subjects aft] ,wilkie's pictures1 ,r[l&son's ,dr4 ,syntax1 ,don ,quixote1 c4 ,close ,co4 f #ahdc ,cream w>e ) pr9t$ decoration 7,successors to ,w4 9 br[n4 ,adams ,sons1 ( ,/oke47 ,cookson ,h>d+ #ahef-ahfb ,cream w>e blue transf]-pr9t$4 ,c4 ,h4 7late ,hackwood47 ,dav5port 7,longport7 #agic-ahcd ,cream w>e pa9t$ & pr9t$4 7,firm cont9u$ ,h&les 9 =m ( dolph9s4 ,plates till #ahhf47 & di%es--dragons & fret bord] pr9t$ 9 blue2 gr\nd p5cill$ 9 scale patt]n4 ,ea/wood #ahjb-ahcj ,vases small1 jasp]1 ,w$gwood /yle2 /onew>e blue & buff4 ,w4 ,baddeley1 ( ,ea/wood1 is believ$ to h us$ ?is m>k1 frequ5tly f\nd4 ,hackwood #ahdb-ahef ,cream w>e pa9t$ ) knights & arm$ figures4 ,h>d+ #ahfb-ahhj ,blue glaz$ e>!nw>e1 :ite ornam5ts 9 relief4 ,br[n glaz$ jugs & teapots 9 ,rock+ham /yle4 ,h>ley ab\t #ahji ,teapots1 :ite glaz$ /onew>e2 cov] surm\nt$4 ,hea? #aggj-aggg ,hea? ,bagnall #aggg-aghe ,hea?1 ,w>burton #aghf- ,co4 ,s4 ,holl9s #aggd-ahaf ,jasp] w>e1 :ite gr\nd cameo figures 9 blue4 ,t4 ,j4 ,holl9s #ahjb-ahbj ,simil> w>e to above4 ,a4 ,e4 ,keel+ #aghf-ahbh ,black basalt & cream w>e4 ,lak9 ,cream w>e blue-pr9t$ ) ,engli% l&scape subjects1 c4 ,lak9 ,poole #aggj-ahdf ,di%es & cream w>e4 ,c5tres (t5 f9ely pa9t$ ) exotic birds 9 ,worce/] /yle4 ,j4 ,t4 ,lockett #aghf-ahbi ,:ite /onew>e & salt-glaze4 ,e4 ,j4 ,may] #aggj-ahac ,black basalt tea s]vices1 c41 ) animals 9 relief2 silv] lu/re4 ,e4 ,may] ,son #ahac-ahcj ,may] ,newbold #ahbc-ahcg ,made porcela9 z well z e>!nw>e 7m>k$ ,m4 ,n474 ,may] ,elliott ,cream w>e1 blue-pr9t$4 ,f4 ,meir ,:ite glaz$ e>!nw>e s]vices1 ,engli% l&scapes pr9t$ 9 blue1 di%es ) pi]c$ bord]4 ,morr ,smi? ,moseley #ahjb-ahbe ,black basalt w>e2 teapots1 c4 ,myatt #ahjb-ahdj ,unglaz$ r$ w>e c(fee-pots 9 ,el]s /yle4 ,eng9e-turn$ ) wavy patt]ns4 ,sometimes m>k$ ) an oval enclos+ lett] ,w4 ,h4 ,palm] #agfj-agge ,f9e jasp] w>e1 granitic vases2 figures4 ,neale ,palm] #aggf-aggh ,jasp] w>e /rongly imitative ( ,w$gwood4 ,neale ,co4 #aggh-aghh ,jasp] w>e & classic figures4 ,phillips 7,longport7 #agfj-ahcj ,small di%es2 salt cell>s1 cream w>e1 ,ori5tal decoration1 blue-pr9t$4 ,pratt ,vases & jugs1 :ite /onew>e1 ) blue figures 9 relief2 bord] ( v9e4 ,ridgway #agij-ahed ,v>i\s elaborate m>ks us$4 ,w4 ,ridgway & ,w4 ,ridgway ,son4 ,9 #ahcf ! firm became ,w4 ,ridgway1 ,morley1 ,we> ,co4 ,riley ,rog]s #aghf-ahbi ,blue-pr9t$ /onew>e4 ,inf]ior imitations ( ,w$gwood4 ,salt #ahbj-ahfd ,figures enamell$ 9 col\r4 ,%or?ose #aghc-ahjb ,black basalt vases & fl[] j>s4 ,%or?ose ,hea? #ahjb- ,:ite glaz$ e>!nw>e1 transf] pr9t$ 9 r$ ov]-glaze4 ,subjects--*ildr5 at play1 c4 ,cream w>e emboss$ ) wick] patt]n pi]c$ bord]4 7,m>k pr9t$ 9 r$1 also impress$47 ,sneyd ab\t #ahej ,imitations ( ,portl& vase1 c4 ,josiah ,spode #aggj-agig ,black basalt w>e4 ,/onew>e 7! ,fir/7 jugs ) sport+ subjects 9 relief4 ,/eel #aghj-ahbd ,jasp] & ornam5tal w>e1 :ite relief on blue1 d>k blue figures 9 relief on p9k gr\nd1 c4 ,w4 ,/ev5son ab\t #ahbh ,:ite glaz$ w>e1 classic figures 9 relief on pale blue gr\nd2 impress$ m>k ,w4 ,/ev5son1 ,hanley4 ,john ,turn] #agci-aghf ,f9e ,jasp] w>e ( excell5t 7( ,lane ,end7 quality4 ,/onew>e jugs1 c41 ( w>m biscuit col\r unglaz$4 ,black basalt1 & "u-glaze1 blue-pr9t$ w>e4 ,walton #ahjf-ahci ,figures-classical ,lions1 ,fi%wife1 ,g>d5]1 c4 ,w>burton #agea-ahbh ,r>ely m>k$4 ,mrs4 ,w>burton1 ( ,cobridge1 9 #agea made great improvem5ts 9 cream w>e prior to ,w$gwood's que5's w>e4 ,9 #ahbh ! firm 0 ,j4 ,w>burton ,co4 ,wilson #aghh-ahbj ,/onew>e jugs ) classic figures 9 relief4 ,ornam5tal vases 9 ,w$gwood /yle4 ,copp] lu/re w>e4 ,e4 ,wood #aghd-agij ,cream w>e1 basket patt]n1 c4 ,bu/s4 ,wood ,caldwell #agij-ahah ,:ite glaz$ e>!nw>e4 ,figures1 col\r$ bu/s1 c4 ,eno* ,wood ,sons #ahbj-ahdf ,figures ( classic =m4 ,,prices4 ,s*ool ( ,w$gwood4 ,,adams4 s4 d4 ,jug 7) old ,%effield plate lid71 *ocolate b& ) ,bac*analian subject4 ,escritt ,b>rett1 ,gran?am1 ,april1 #aijg #b #b #j ,jug1 blue jasp]1 ) figure subjects ( ,seasons 9 :ite relief1 old ,%effield plate cov]4 ,so!by1 ,may1 #aijh #f #e #j ,sucri] & ,cov]1 m>k$ ,,adams ,,co4 ,so!by1 ,novemb]1 #aijh #b #ad #j ,,turn]4 ,female figure ( a ,wat] ,c>ri] 9 black basalt1 m>k$ ,,turn]4 ,so!by1 ,decemb]1 #aije #c #e #j ,teapot & ,cov]1 blue gr\nd ) classical subjects 9 high relief2 impress$ m>k1 ,,turn]4 ,so!by1 ,novemb]1 #aijh #b #f #j ,teapot1 ( diff]5t =m1 simil> decoration1 unm>k$4 ,so!by1 ,novemb]1 #aijh #b #d #j ,sucri] & ,cov]1 simil> decoration2 impress$ m>k1 ,,turn]4 ,so!by1 ,novemb]1 #aijh #c #ab #j ,cake ,plate ) classic decorations 9 relief2 impress$ m>k1 ,,turn]4 ,so!by1 ,novemb]1 #aijh #d #aj #j ,c(fee ,pot & ,cov]1 simil> /yle2 impress$ m>k1 ,,turn]4 ,so!by1 ,novemb]1 #aijh #d #j #j ,,neale ,,palm]4 ,vase & ,cov] ) m$allions1 wrea?s & masks 9 relief1 9 gilt on mottl$ grey-blue gr\nd1 m>k$ ,,neale1 ,,hanley4 ,puttick ,simpson1 ,nov41 '#jh #d #aj #j ,vase & ,cov]1 urn-%ap$1 ) m$allion & figure subject 9 :ite relief2 ram's head h&les1 wrea?s & bord]s 9 gilt on mottl$-blue gr\nd1 m>k$ ,h4 ,,palm]1 ,,hanley4 ,puttick ,simpson1 ,novemb]1 #aijh #c #aj #j ,,ralph ,,wood4 ,figure ( ,apollo ) lyre4 ,so!by1 ,may1 #aijh #b #e #j ,figures1 ,boy & ,girl ,h>ve/]s1 squ>e bases2 "o m>k$ ,r4 ,,wood4 ,so!by1 ,may1 #aijh #aj #e #j ,e4 ,,wood4 ,bu/ ( ,john ,wesley1 sign$ ,,eno* ,,wood4 ,so!by1 ,june1 #aijf #b #j #j ,e4 ,,may]4 ,f\r plaques ( ,cupids 9 relief2 m>k impress$1 ,e4 ,,may]1 & dat$ #aghd4 ,so!by1 ,novemb]1 #aije #a #ah #j ,,hea?4 ,plate ( cream w>e1 crudely decorat$ = ! ,dut* m>ket1 subject--,abraham (f]+ up ,isaac 7,hodgk9 ,collection74 ,so!by1 ,decemb]1 #aijc #j #c #j ,,lak94 ,di% decorat$ ) bord] ( rose1 %amrock1 & ?i/le4 ,pr9ce ( ,wales' fea!rs & lion ov] cr[n 9 c5tre4 ,made = ! ,pr9ce ,reg5t 7,george ,,iv472 m>k$ ,lak94 ,so!by1 ,febru>y1 #aijf #b #j #j ,pair ( ,lak9 plates f above s]vice4 ,so!by1 ,novemb]1 #aijg #c #j #j ,,lak9 ,,poole4 ,mug1 ) mask head on front1 m>k$ ,lak9 ,poole1 & f\r %ell di%es4 ,so!by1 ,june1 #aijf #a #f #j ,,ix ,,le$s ,,& ,,o!r ,,factories ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,le$s ,,& ,,o!r ,,factories ,le$s ,m>ks--,! be/ p]iod ( ,le$s--,le$s ,cream ,w>e--,blue & ,:ite ,w>e--,le$s ,w>e decorat$ at ,l[e/(t1 ,ca/le=d1 ,jackfield1 ,rock+ham1 ,sund]l&1 & ,newca/le--,table ( ,m>ks--,prices4 ,le$s claims notice ma9ly on acc\nt ( its f9e cream w>e t 0 produc$ 9 ! p]iod f #aghc to ab\t #ahjj :5 ! factory 0 at its z5i?4 ,! date :i* comm5ces its kn[n hi/ory is ! ye> #agfj1 a mo/ pregnant ye> 9 ! hi/ory ( pott]y4 ,be=e t !re always exi/s "s d\bt z to ! exact date or ! p>ticul> mak]4 ,e>ly ,/af=d%ire or ,:ieldon are z def9ite z mo/ collectors d>e g4 ,9 #agfb ,w$gwood's cream w>e 0 p]fect$1 & all ,/af=d%ire 0 aflame ) ! prospects ( some?+ t at la/ 0 to /& arti/ically side by side ) ,b[ & ,*elsea & ,worce/] & ,d]by & ,plym\?4 ,x did no?+ ( ! sort1 b /ill x 0 ! dream ( ! ,/af=d%ire pott]s t x %\ld by reason ( its *eapness sma% ! new *9a factories1 & x seems to h _h no little %>e 9 do+ ?is4 ,9 #agge ! ,le$s pott]y 0 9 ! h&s ( ,humble & ,gre54 ,9 #aghc x 0 kn[n z ,h>tley1 ,gre5s ,co41 & = ! next t5 ye>s "s spl5did examples ( cream w>e 7 produc$ rivall+ ! be/ productions ( ,w$gwood1 at fir/ imitative1 b lat] /rik+ly orig9al1 & possess$ ( extraord9>y arti/ic qualities4 ,d[n to ! op5+ days ( ! n9ete5? c5tury ! trade 9 cream w>e 0 consid]able4 ,patt]n books & catalogues 7 issu$ 9 ,fr5* & ,g]man & ,spani%1 & ! output f ,le$s 0 v consid]able1 & ! cont95tal trade v ext5sive1 especially ) ,nor!rn ,europe4 ,f #ahbe to #ahcb ! firm 0 kn[n z ,samuel ,wa9wright ,co4 ,f #ahcb to #ahdj ! "n *ang$ aga9 to ! ,le$s ,pott]y ,company1 "u ! manag]%ip ( ,/eph5 ,*apel1 :o1 toge!r ) 8 bro!r ,james1 held ! pott]y till #ahdg4 ,9 #ahej ,w>burton1 ,britton ,co4 7 proprietors until #ahfc1 & ,ri*>d ,britton ,sons c>ri$ on ! works until #ahgh :5 ! factory clos$4 ,=g]ies ( ,le$s ,w>e4--,le$s w>e has appeal$1 on acc\nt ( its arti/ic qualities1 to s wide a circle ( collectors & admir]s t x has _h ! hon\r ( be+ =g$ ) int5t to deceive4 ,ne>ly all ^! pieces are m>k$ ei!r ,le$s ,pott]y1 ,l4,p41 or ,le$s ,p4 ,9 addition to be+ copi$ = sale to unw>y collectors "s ( ! basket & o!r patt]ns h be5 ( rec5t ye>s made 9 ,g]many = sale 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,b to any "o :o has _h ! opportunity ( h&l+ g5u9e old ,le$s w>e ! lightness 9 weight1 ! f9e f9i%1 & ! peculi> col\r ( ! body1 especially ! slightly gre5 t+e 9 ! old ,le$s glaze are nev] to be mi/ak54 ,! mod]n copies lack ! f9e pott+1 & !y are slightly heavi] 9 weight1 & always )\t exception h a ?ick :ite1 glassy glaze :i* fills ! corn]s ( ! pi]c$ "w1 & %[s ! t\* ( mod]n ha/e4 ,le$s ,m>ks4--,! foll[+ m>ks occur on ,le$s w>e1 l>gely on ! blue-pr9t$ w>e :i* 0 aft] #agia1 = _m ( ! f9e/ examples ( cream w>e are unm>k$4 ,h[ev]1 ^! m>ks us$ may be a guide3 ,,le$s ,,pott]y 7(t5 pr9t$ twice ov] & cross+ at "r angles71 ,,h>tley1 ,,gre5s1 ,,co41 ,,le$s ,,pott]y 7ei!r 9 two l9es or 9 a semicircle71 also ! initials ,l4,p4 ,9 its latt] /age 7#ahfc-ahgh7 ,r4 ,britton & ,sons m>k$ _! w>e ,r4 ,b4 ,s4 ) ! initial ,l enclos$ 9 a circle4 ,! ,don pott]y at ,sw9ton ne> ,le$s1 e/abli%$ ab\t #agij1 came 9 prom95ce ab\t #ahjj1 :5 "o ( ! bro!rs ,gre51 ( ,le$s1 became own]4 ,x pass$ ?r\gh v>i\s vicissitudes ( =tune1 a comp>ison ( ! old patt]n books %[ t _m pieces made at ! ,don pott]y 7 orig9at$ at ,le$s4 ,9 #ahcd x 0 pur*as$ by ,samuel ,b>k]1 & 9 #ahhb x 0 /ill kn[n z ,samuel ,b>k] & ,sons4 ,! ,don ,pott]y m>k 0 bo? pr9t$ & impress$ ,,don ,,pott]y 9 its e>ly days prior to #ahcd1 & sometimes ! ^w ,,gre5 appe>s above4 ,lat] 9 ! ,b>k] rgime a demi-lion rampant hold+ 9 8 paws a p5non ) ! words ,don ,pott]y 0 us$1 sometimes ) ! ^w ,,b>k]1 & sometimes ) ! initials ,s4 ,b4 ,s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,le$s ,,cream ,,w>e ,,c5tre-,,pieces4 ,made to take into f\r p>ts4 7,height #d feet47 ,pi]c$ baskets1 removable4 7,height #b feet #f in*es47 7,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,ri*>d ,wilson47 ,! be/ p]iod4--,b x is *iefly ! be/ p]iod1 t is1 ,h>tley1 ,gre5s ,co41 f #agha to ab\t #ahje1 :i* appeals to collectors ( old ,le$s1 ?\gh a patt]n book 0 issu$ z late z #ahad1 :i* /ill ma9ta9$ ! old traditions1 b :5 ,h>tley di$ 9 #ahbj ! factory practically w5t to pieces4 ,! two bro!rs ,gre5 & ,william ,h>tley nobly c>ri$ on ! manufacture ( cream w>e4 ,at fir/ !y look$ to ,w$gwood = inspiration1 b v %ortly introduc$ a lightness ( design 9 ! exquisite & intricately pi]c$ patt]ns 9 ! bord]s1 & orig9al t\*es 9 ! fea!r edges 9 relief & twi/$ h&les & ! floral t]m9als4 ,! gadroon$ or flut$ edges ( ,le$s plates 7 sometimes pa9t$ 9 blue4 ,! w>e is extremely light 9 weight1 & v>ies 9 col\r f a pale1 sometimes a v pale1 cream col\r to a light buff4 ,we h se5 h[ ,w$gwood inv5t$ pun*es at fir/ = 8 pi]c$ cream w>e4 ,b he at a lat] /age _h ! p]=ations pun*$ en bloc4 ,b 9 ,le$s w>e ea* p]=ation is done sep>ately by h&1 & ! edges are %>p & clean-cut4 ,^! are 9 ! %ape ( diamonds1 squ>es1 ovals1 & he>ts1 arrang$ 9 geometrical patt]ns4 ,! *>act]i/ic feature ( ,le$s w>e is ! v>i$ use ( ?is pi]c$ "w 9 ! rims ( plates & di%es & trays & cups4 ,?is "w 0 c>ri$ into su* unlikely portions ( ! w>e su* z bases ( c&le/icks or pl9?s ( massive c&elabra4 ,9 conception no d\bt x foll[$ ! "w ( ! silv]smi?1 b z x develop$ x acquir$ ! "* ( "s ( ! f9e/ ,ori5tal types ( ?is class ( w>e1 & 9 p>ticul> ! ,le$s pott]s a*iev$ a c]amic triumph :5 !y made1 9 ! delicately pi]c$ "w ) small ap]tures1 some?+ n dissimil> to ! rice-gra9 =m f\nd on old ,*9ese :ite w>e :i* 9 ! case ( ,*9ese w9e-cups ( :ite porcela9 is fill$ ) glaze4 ,?is especially f9e /yle is at ! pres5t day be+ c>ri$ out by ! pott]s at ! ,cop5hag5 porcela9 factory4 ,:5 held up to ! light ?is porcela9 ( ,*9a & ( ,d5m>k is s+ul>ly beautiful1 & looks z ?\gh x is p]=at$--b is n4 ,if ,le$s at fir/ copi$ ,w$gwood & ! ,/af=d%ire cream-w>e patt]ns ! ,/af=d%ire pott]s 7 n sl[ to return ! complim5t :5 !y saw t ,le$s _h a note ( orig9ality1 consequ5tly we f9d _m salt-glaze pieces ( id5tical %ape to "s ( ,h>tley1 ,gre5s ,co4's patt]ns4 ,x is improbable t salt-glaze w>e 0 ev] made at ,le$s1 ?\gh be=e salt-glaze 0 z well und]/ood z x is n[ mu* ( x 0 wrongly attribut$ to ,le$s4 ,we give an illu/ration 7p4 #cai7 ( a salt-glaze plate :i* has ! typical p]=at$ edge ( ,le$s cream w>e1 & is decorat$ ) a transf]-pr9t ( a fable subject1 illu/rat+ ,h]cules & ! ,waggon]4 ,b ,le$s v e>ly did its own pr9t+1 & only ! e>ly examples 7 s5t to ,liv]pool to ,sadl] & ,gre54 ,at ?is "t salt-glaze w>e 0 9 a bad way1 & e ef=t 0 be+ made to compete ) cream w>e its new rival1 & ) porcela9 :i* _h /ruck ! fir/ bl[ at its supremacy z dome/ic w>e4 ,:5 cream w>e 0 decorat$ by transf]-pr9t+ salt-glaze foll[$ ! new fa%ion1 & leav+ its l(ty ideals ( undecorat$ =m x ha/ily assum$ ! enamel col\r+ ( ! ,engli% porcela94 ,le$s ,cream ,w>e4--,! v>i\s classes ( ,le$s cream w>e may be r\ghly divid$ into two classes3 7#a7 ,pla9 or undecorat$1 9 :i* 7especially by reason by ! grace & lightness ( /ructure imp>t$ by ! nicely balanc$ p]=ations7 arti/ic excell5ce is rea*$ by =m alone4 7#b7 ,decorat$ cream w>e4 ,decorat$ ) enamel col\rs1 gre51 r$1 lilac1 & yell[ be+ usually f\nd1 or transf]-pr9t$ 9 ! e>ly mann] ( ,liv]pool--black1 puce1 or r$1 or lat] by pr9t+ 9 blue4 ,9 reg>d to ! f9] specim5s ( ! cream w>e dep5d5t on =m & exhibit+ especial delicacy 9 ! treatm5t ( ! pi]c$ "w1 ! illu/rations "h giv5 convey a pictorial repres5tation ( ! great v>iety & f]tility ( ! design4 ,! two magnific5t c5tre-pieces repres5t ,le$s cream w>e at its highe/4 ,! fav\rite =m ( ! c5tre-piece is t 9 :i* ti]s ( escallop %ells are support$ by dolph9s or by ornam5tal brackets4 ,! left-h& c5tre-piece illu/rat$ 7p4 #bia7 is 9 ! =m ( ! trunk ( a tree1 support+ f\r ti]s ( leaf-%ap$ di%es4 ,! piece is surm\nt$ by a classical drap$ figure4 ,x is noticeable t ! brackets h e resemblance to metal design4 ,^! l>ge c5tre-pieces are made to take ap>t4 ,?is example illu/rat$ takes into f\r pieces1 :i* fit into ea* o!r ) great accuracy1 %[+ great te*nical p]fection 9 pott+4 ,x is no less ?an #d feet 9 height1 & "o ( ! l>ge/ pieces kn[n4 ,its ri* cream col\r1 ! p]fection ( ! glaze1 & ! graceful proportion 9 ! /ructure1 & ! modell$ figure h won = ?is & simil> creations ( ,le$s ! admiration ( all connoisseurs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*e/nut ,,basket ,,& ,,c&le/icks4 ,pi]c$ ,,le$s cream w>e4 7,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,ri*>d ,wilson47 ,illu/ration3 ,,le$s ,,cream ,,w>e ,,c&le/icks ,,& ,,kettle ,,& ,,/&4 ,) f9e pi]c$ "w4 7,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,ri*>d ,wilson47 ,! o!r c5tre-piece illu/rat$ is #cj in*es 9 height1 & is con/ruct$ 9 ! =m ( hang+ baskets sep>ate & removable4 ,^! baskets1 :i* are ( exquisite pi]c$ "w1 are 9 ?ree ti]s support$ f ! c5tral column4 ,! top consi/s ( a vase re/+ ^u f\r w+$ figures4 ,! piece is surm\nt$ by a classical drap$ figure ( ,flora ) a cornucopia4 ,su* pieces z ^! hold ! blue rib& ( ,le$s cream w>e1 & collectors :o wi% to f9d specim5s only approximat+ to !m 9 grace & beauty h to se>* z f> afield z ,russia & ,sw$5 be=e !y c hope to gratify _! desire4 ,ano!r class typical ( ,le$s cream w>e 9 its highe/ moods is ! l>ge class consi/+ ( h&some cruets1 baskets1 & a great v>iety ( c&le/icks4 ,! pi]c$ "w 9 ^! articles is ( v f9e "*1 & ! design is happily light5$ by ?is /yle ( decoration4 ,9 reg>d to imitations ( ?is cream w>e1 z has already be5 m5tion$1 !y are heavi]1 are ?ickly coat$ ) :ite glaze1 :]eas old ,le$s pieces are extremely da9ty & light 9 weight1 & :5 ! glaze is se5 9 ! crevices :]e x may h run x is ( a peculi> gre51 due to ! use ( ars5ic4 ,we illu/rate two gr\ps ( ,le$s cream w>e1 exhibit+ ! p]fection ( its pi]c$ "w4 ,! *e/nut basket 9 ! upp] gr\p is p>tly d]iv$ f ,w$gwood's model4 ,!re is an indication 9 ! use ( ! sph9x 9 ! pair ( c&le/icks ( "o ( ,w$gwood's models 9 basalt4 ,b ! treatm5t "h is m graceful1 & ! "* imp>t$ by ,le$s to its cream w>e is peculi>ly its own4 ,le$s cream w>e undecorat$ plates h a great v>iety ( patt]ns 9 ! pi]c$ bord]s1 & are always attractive to collectors4 ,"s ( ! ,le$s plates1 ) blue pa9t$ fea!r$ edge1 _h ei!r a cre/ or pr9t$ design 9 middle4 ,9 reg>d to col\r1 !re are f9e "u-glaze blue plates 9 :i* !re is z /rong a lean+ to ,ori5tal pagoda designs z at ,b[ & ,worce/]4 ,we illu/rate a f9e plate ( ?is nature 7p4 #cjc71 simil> 9 design to plates impress$ ,,a/bury ( ,/af=d%ire4 ,"u-glaze blue-pr9t+ 7black pr9t+ ov]-glaze 0 done1 b n to ! same ext5t z 9 ,/af=d%ire7 0 introduc$ ab\t #agij4 ,! will[ patt]n1 among o!rs1 0 a fav\rite design1 & mo/ ( ^! pr9t$ blue plates are m>k$4 ,x may be ( int]e/ to ! collector to "k t !re are m>ks on ! old blue-pr9t$ ,le$s w>e :i* tell _! own /ory4 ,^! m>ks 7 made by ! cockspurs plac$ betwe5 ea* plate to keep !m sep>ate 9 ! kiln4 ,!re 7 ?ree ( ^! little tripods ( e>!nw>e plac$ betwe5 ea* plate4 ,!y made1 z !y _h only "o po9t at _! apex1 only ?ree spur m>ks on ! front ( ! plates 9 ! bord]1 & n9e spurs at ! back1 9 gr\ps ( ?ree4 ,illu/ration3 ,,le$s ,,cream ,,w>e4 ,seascape1 & floral decoration 9 puce1 gre51 r$1 c4 ,pa9t$ by ,all5 at ,l[e/(t & refir$ !re4 7,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,m]r+ton ,smi?1 ,l[e/(t47 ,9 reg>d to subjects 9 col\r x may be m5tion$ t a good _m ,le$s jugs be> names & dates ^u !m1 f ab\t #agfi to #aghf4 ,^! enamel col\rs are gre51 r$1 lilac1 & buff1 & are n dissimil> to ^? employ$ at ,l[e/(t4 ,we illu/rate a f9e ,le$s mug ) ! *>act]i/ic twi/$ h&le 7p4 #cjc71 hav+ ,ori5tal figure 9 col\r & dat$ & inscrib$4 ,! foll[+ curi\s & gruesome v]ses appe> on x4 ,inside ! mug is a modell$ frog1 z f\nd 9 ,sund]l& examples4 ,9 m>riage are two happy ?+s all[$ ,a wife 9 w$d+-%eets & 9 a %r\d4 ,h[ c a m>riage /ate be !n accurs'd ,s9ce ! la/ days are happy z ! fir/4 ,!n foll[s ,i4 ,c4 ,u4 ,b4 ,,yy = me 7,i see y be too wise = me74 ,,samuel ,,cudwor?1 #aggg4 99 99 99 99 99 ,le$s ,w>e decorat$ at ,l[e/(t4--,!re is a connection betwe5 ,le$s & ,l[e/(t4 ,x appe>s t "s ( ! ,le$s w>e 0 s5t undecorat$ to ,all51 ( ,l[e/(t1 :o decorat$ x !re & refir$ x1 dispos+ ( x on 8 own acc\nt4 ,! f9e ,le$s mug hav+ ! pa9t$ decoration1 ov]-glaze ( c\rse1 ( a vessel1 & entitl$ ,homew>d ,b\nd 7illu/rat$1 p4 #bii71 is typical ( ?is "w ( ,all5 at its be/4 ,he appe>s to h procur$ w>e f ,turn] & o!r ,/af=d%ire pott]s = decoration & sale by himself4 ,we illu/rate 7p4 #cjc71 a ,/af=d%ire jug pa9t$ by ,all51 ( ,l[e/(t1 repres5t+ a local sc5e1 recognisable by ! t[] 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,he inscrib$ x ,a ,trifle f ,l[e/(t4 ,?is is enamel "w ov]-glaze1 ! key patt]n at ! rim is "u-glaze & 0 done 9 ,/af=d%ire4 ,ano!r ,le$s jug decorat$ by ,all5 is t illu/rat$ 7p4 #bii71 be>+ ! v]ses3-- ,f h5ce to ! deep ,may division be to/ ,& prud5ce recovre ,:at folly h lo/4 ,! h is a peculi>ly ,suffolk idiom4 ,! floral scrolls are 9 ! usual l[ tones ( ,l[e/(t col\r+4 ,ca/le=d 7#agij-ahbj74--,?is factory1 "s twelve miles f ,le$s1 0 e/abli%$ ab\t #agij1 contempor>y ) ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,don ,pott]y ne> ,donca/]4 ,?is ,ca/le=d factory1 "u ! proprietor1 ,david ,dund]dale1 comm5c$ to make cream w>e1 black basalt1 & ! usual /onew>e teapots ) ornam5ts 9 relief4 ,! m>k employ$ by ?is factory1 :5 x 0 us$1 is ,d4 ,d4 ,,co41 ,,ca/le=d4 ,?is is impress$1 & is f\nd on v>i\s imitative w>e1 su* z cl\d$ tortoise%ell plates 9 ! ,:ieldon mann]4 ,"o ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ,ca/le=d teapots ) rais$ figures is ! use ( a blue l9e at ! edge & ! tops ( ^! vessels dep>t f ! /raight l9es ( ,turn] & are scallop$1 z 9 ! illu/ration 7p4 #cjg7 ( a ,ca/le=d black w>e jug & cov]1 hav+ ! impress$ m>k ( ! factory4 ,illu/ration3 ,,le$s ,,cream ,,w>e ,,plate4 ,pa9t$ ) ,ori5tal figures 9 "u-glaze blue4 7,9 ! collection ( ,miss ,feild547 ,,le$s ,,cream ,,w>e ,,mug4 ,) ,ori5tal figure & set ( v]ses4 7,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,rob]t ,bruce ,wallis47 ,illu/ration3 ,,/af=d%ire ,,jug4 ,pa9t$ & inscrib$ by ,all5 at ,l[e/(t4 7,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,m]r+ton ,smi?1 ,l[e/(t47 ,rock+ham4--,at ,sw9ton1 ne> ,ro!rham1 z e>ly z #aggh a factory 0 />t$ by ,messrs4 ,?omas ,b+ley ,co41 :o began to manufacture cream w>e4 ,! ,le$s factory1 app>5tly jeal\s ( rivals1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,don ,pott]y1 soon _h an active int]e/ 9 ?is factory4 ,9 #agij x became ,gre5s1 ,b+ley ,co41 & ! w>e !n made 0 blue pr9t$ & ! highly glaz$ black pott]y associat$ ) ,jackfield1 ( :i* we %all speak lat]4 ,at ?is "t a br[n glaz$ e>!nw>e became widely kn[n & appreciat$4 ,x 0 cream w>e :i* _h receiv$ a heavy lead glaze ri*ly & w>mly col\r$ 9 br[n4 ,f #agif to #ahjf ?is glaze became ext5sively us$1 n only by ,sw9ton or1 z x aft]w>ds came to be kn[n1 z ,rock+ham1 tak+ ! "n f ! ,m>quis ( ,rock+ham1 ^u ^: e/ate ! works 7 situat$4 ,?is ,rock+ham w>e1 ( smoo? surface & f9e r$di% br[n col\r1 0 v popul>1 & a teapot 0 made1 kn[n z ! ,cadogan1 :i* 0 an imitation ( ! ,*9ese puzzle teapot4 ,x 0 made )\t a lid & 0 fill$ by turn+ x upside d[n4 ,an op5+1 v mu* 9 ! mann] ( ! safety glass inkpot1 admitt$ ! tea1 & on rev]s+ ! vessel x c\ld be p\r$ out4 ,"s ( ^! teapots are m>k$ ,rock+ham1 or ,brameld1 or ,brameld ,co41 & sometimes ,mortlock1 a ,london deal] = :om !y 7 made4 ,9 #ahjf ! ,le$s int]e/ pass$ out ( ! firm1 & ! factory rema9$ 9 ! h&s ( ,john & ,william ,brameld4 ,9 #ahbf x assum$ ! "n ( ! ,rock+ham ,works1 & us$ ! cre/ ( ! ,fitzwilliam family4 ,*9a 0 made !re f #ahbj1 & ! factory obta9$ consid]able reputation & 0 /ill 9 ! h&s ( ! ,brameld family till ! close ( ! works 9 #ahdb4 ,a gorge\s ,rock+ham *9a dess]t s]vice made = ,william ,,iv4 co/+ #e1jjj4 ,we illu/rate a ,cadogan teapot1 ) its ri* br[n glaze1 & m\ld$ 9 ! =m ( a pea*1 ) small] pea*es appli$ at ! top4 ,x is a rem>kably un-,engli% design1 & x is s+ul> t x became s fa%ionable4 ,jackfield4--,we m5tion ,jackfield "h1 z x has become among collectors q a g5]ic t]m = all highly glaz$ black w>e1 especially little teapots & cream jugs4 ,x is c]ta9 t ,elijah ,may] & o!r ,/af=d%ire pott]s l>gely made ?is w>e1 & ,b+ley ,co4 7,sw9ton7 among a cr[d ( o!rs4 ,jackfield is 9 ,%rop%ire4 ,its hi/ory z a pot works is z old z any 9 ! c\ntry1 b x is *iefly 9 ! p]iod betwe5 #agfj & #agfe1 :5 ,maurice ,?ursfield c>ri$ on ! little factory1 t x became r5[n$ = its black w>e4 ,x is q unlike black basalt4 ,x is r$ clay1 cov]$ ) a bright & highly lu/r\s black glaze4 ,?is is ornam5t$ ) oil gild+1 :i* 9 use has almo/ disappe>$4 ,"s ( ! w>e is decorat$ ) rais$ ornam5ts ( v9e leaves4 ,! lids ( teapots (t5 h a bird1 ) out/ret*$ w+s4 ,! designs 7 n orig9al1 & are f\nd 9 salt-glaze & 9 ,:ieldon w>e1 & "s ( ?is s-call$ ,jackfield w>e may be attribut$ to him4 ,newca/le & ,sund]l&4--,on ! ,tyne1 ! ,we>1 & ! ,tees !re 7 a gr\p ( pott]s work+ at ,gate%ead1 at ,hylton1 at ,/ockton-on-,tees1 b ma9ly at ,newca/le & ,sund]l&4 ,!re is no?+ exceptionally arti/ic 9 any ( ^! productions4 ,"s ( ^! transf]-pr9t$ mugs 7 made by ,dixon ,co41 ( ,sund]l&1 to commemorate ! build+ ( ! ,iron ,bridge ov] ! ,we>1 :i* 0 begun 9 #agic & complet$ 9 #agif4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rock+ham ,,teapot4 ,kn[n z ! ,cadogan patt]n4 ,9 =m ( pea*4 ,hav+ no lid & be+ fill$ f bottom4 ,copi$ f ,*9ese rice-_s pot4 7,at ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,illu/ration3 ,,black ,,basalt ,,jug4 ,ca/le=d ,pott]y4 ,impress$ m>k ,d ,d ,co4 7,height #f in*es47 7,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,f4 ,w4 ,phillips1 ,hit*947 ,among ! names f\nd on ?is w>e are impress$3 ,,sewell1 or ,,sewells ,,donk91 or ,,sewells ,,co41 sometimes ) ! addition ( ,,/4 ,,an?ony',s4 ,^! 7 made at ,/4 ,an?ony's1 ne> ,newca/le1 9 date ab\t #aghj to #agij4 ,,fell1 or ,,fell ,,newca/le1 made at ,/4 ,pet]'s1 ,newca/le1 ab\t #ahae4 ,,scott1 or ,,scott ,,bros41 made w>e at ,s\?wick1 ,sund]l&1 #aghi-ahjc1 :5 !y 7 succe$$ by ,,moore ,,co4 ,j4 ,,phillips1 ,,hylton ,,pott]y1 appe>s on "s ,sund]l& pieces4 ,?is firm 0 e/abli%$ z e>ly z #agfe4 ,,=d is ano!r "n 9 connection ) ! ,s\? ,hylton works ab\t #ahjj4 ,,dixon1 ,,au/9 ,,co41 sometimes ) ! addition ( ,,sund]l&1 is f\nd at ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,w4 ,s4 ,,co41 ) ! ^w ,,w$gewood 7hav+ an additional e7 0 ! m>k us$ by ,william ,smi? ,co41 ( ,/ockton-on-,tees1 or ev5 ,,w$gwood ,,co4 ,aga9/ ?is firm ,messrs4 ,josiah ,w$gwood ,sons1 ( ,etruria1 obta9$ 9 #ahdh an injunction to re/ra9 ! use ( _! "n4 ,ano!r equally confus+ m>k to collectors is t ( a firm ne> ,pontefract1 :o m>k$ _! w>e ,w$gwood ,co4 sometimes ) ! ^w "n ( ! factory1 ,f]rybridge1 & sometimes ,toml9son ,co4 ,_! w>e is ma9ly cream w>e ( an ord9>y type4 ,9 reg>d to ! productions ( ,newca/le & ,sund]l& ^! are be/ kn[n by ! famili> mugs & jugs hav+ a nautical flav\r1 ) %ips 9 black transf] decoration1 & nev] )\t v]ses appropriate to ! cli5tle ( sailors1 = :om !y 7 made4 ,^! mugs & jugs are frequ5tly decorat$ ) p9k lu/re at ! rims & 9 b&s ar\nd ! body4 ,a feature :i* associates ^! nor!rn factories ) ,le$s is ! frequ5t use ( a modell$ frog crawl+ up ! inside ( ! vessel1 :i* 0 int5d$ z a practical joke on ! p]son :o 0 lift+ ! jug to 8 lips4 ,^! frog mugs 7 previ\sly made at ,le$s1 & ! "o illu/rat$ 7p4 #cjc7 has a frog s affix$ 9 ! inside4 ,! w>e1 z a :ole1 is r crude 9 its pott+ & slightly inf]ior to simil> ,/af=d%ire w>e1 b all ^! nor!rn factories are n[ clos$1 & ! qua9t dogg]el1 ! que] nautical allusions1 & ! /ra9 ( patriotism f\nd on mu* ( ?is humble e>!nw>e always appeal /rongly to ! collector4 ,,m>ks ,,us$ ,,at ,,le$s1 ,,ca/le=d1 ,,rock+ham1 ,,newca/le1 ,,& ,,sund]l&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h>tley ,,gre5s ,,co ,,le$s 99 ,,pott]y ,le$s4 ,f #aghc1 ,h>tley1 ,gre5s ,co4 ,illu/ration3 ,,le$s ,,pott]y ,,le$s ,,pott]y #ahbe-ahcb1 ,samuel ,wa9wright ,co4 #ahcb-ahdj1 ,le$s ,pott]y ,co4 ,illu/ration3 ,,le$s 99 ,,pott]y #ahdj-ahdg1 ,/eph5 & ,james ,*apel4 #ahej-ahfc1 ,w>burton1 ,britton ,co4 ,illu/ration ,r ,b ,s ,pr9t$ #ahfc-ahgh1 ,ri*>d ,britton ,sons4 ,aft] :i* ! works clos$4 ,illu/ration3 ,l ,impress$ ,illu/ration3 ,,don ,,pott]y ,don ,pott]y 7at ,sw9ton ne> ,le$s74 ,illu/ration3 ,,don ,,pott]y ,,b>k] #agij-ahcd1 at "o "t 9 h&s ( ,john ,gre51 ( ,le$s ,pott]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,s ,b ,s #ahcd-ahej1 ,samuel ,b>k]1 & #ahea-ahhb1 ,samuel ,b>k] ,sons4 ,illu/ration3 ,,don ,,pott]y ,late ,m>ks us$ by ! ,b>k]s dur+ above p]iod3-- ,9 addition to ! lion ) p5non ! ^w ,,b>k] 0 add$ lat]1 :5 ! m>k 0 pr9t$4 ,illu/ration ,ano!r pr9t$ m>k 0 an eagle & ducal coronet1 us$ :5 ! firm became ,samuel ,b>k] ,sons 9 #ahea4 ,b 0 %ortly discont9u$1 & ! lion-pr9t$ m>k aga9 us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,d ,d ,co ,,ca/le=d ,ca/le=d 7ne> ,le$s71 #agij-ahbj4 ,david ,dund]dale ,co41 & ! impress$ m>k 9 m>g9 is f\nd on "s ( ! productions ( ! ,ca/le=d ,pott]y4 ,rock+ham4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rock+ham ,,brameld ,! "n ( ! factory at ,sw9ton1 e/abli%$ #ageg4 ,came into ! h&s ( ! ,bramelds 9 #ahjg4 ,ceas$1 #ahdb4 ,illu/ration ,! ,cadogan l[] glaz$ teapots sometimes be> ! impress$ m>k ,mortlock1 ! ,london ag5t = :om "s ( !m 7 made4 ,illu/ration3 ,rock+ham ,works4 ,brameld4 ,! cre/ ( ! ,fitzwilliam family 0 pr9t$ z a m>k aft] #ahbf1 & is also f\nd pr9t$ on porcela9 made at ! ,rock+ham factory4 ,newca/le-on-,tyne4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fell ,,newca/le #ae ,fell ( ,newca/le 7ab\t #ahae71 impress$ cream w>e mugs & jugs ) ?is m>k4 ,v>i\s figures appe> und]nea?1 d5ot+ ! p>ticul> patt]n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fell ,sund]l&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sewell4 ,,/ ,,an?ony',s ,messrs4 ,sewell1 e/abli%$ ab\t #aghj1 aft] ,sewell ,donk91 us$ ^! m>ks4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sewell ,,donk9 ,o!r ,sund]l& mak]s--,,dixon1 ,,au/9 ,,co41 ,,dixon ,,co41 ,,scott ,,bro!rs ,,co4 7e/abli%$ #aghh71 ,,phillips ,,co4 7e/abli%$ ab\t #ahjj71 ,j4 ,,phillips1 ,,hylton 7e/abli%$1 #aghj71 ,,dawson 7ab\t #ahaj7--;impress$ _! names on w>e4 ,,prices4 ,,le$s4 s4 d4 ,c(fee ,pot & ,cov]1 ) mask "u sp\t1 twi/$ h&les1 decorat$ 9 col\rs4 ,so!by1 ,june1 #aijf #b #b #j ,basket di%1 ) /& & cov]s ) emboss$ & op5 "w4 ,so!by1 ,june1 #aijf #b #b #j ,jug1 pa9t$ ) fl[]s1 inscrib$ ,john ,b>nes1 ,*adl+ton1 #agfi4 ,so!by1 ,july1 #aijg #b #aj #j ,teapot & cov]1 pa9t$ ) portraits ( ,george ,,iii4 & ,que5 ,*>lotte4 ,so!by1 ,novemb]1 #aijh #b #h #j ,teapot & cov]1 pr9t$ 9 r$1 ) lady & g5tleman tak+ tea1 ) negro s]vant at side2 on rev]se1 a %eph]d & %eep4 ,so!by1 ,novemb]1 #aijh #a #aj #j ,jug1 pr9t$ ) transf] m$allions ( ladies seat$ 9 a g>d51 blue & black b&s at rim4 ,so!by1 ,novemb]1 #aijh #a #ad #j ,,ca/le=d4 ,lov+ cup ) h&les1 pa9t$ ) fruit & roses1 made = ,david ,dund]dale4 ,escritt ,b>rett1 ,april1 #aijg #c #ae #j ,,jackfield4 ,figure ( ,diana 7height #aj 9474 ,escritt ,b>rett1 ,april #aijg #c #e #j ,jugs1 br[n glaz$1 two4 ,so!by1 ,novemb]1 #aijg #a #a #j ,,rock+ham4 ,small ,cadogan ,teapot1 m>k$ ,brameld1 ri*ly gilt ^u br[n1 & ano!r )\t gild+4 ,so!by1 ,june1 #aijf #a #ad #j ,milk jug modell$ z c[1 br[n glaze2 ,figure ( ,horse2 ,jug1 br[n glaze1 ) twi/$ h&les1 m>k$ ,rock+ham4 ,so!by1 ,june1 #aijf #b #e #j ,cadogan ,teapot1 ri* br[n glaz$2 impress$ m>k4 ,so!by1 ,may1 #aijh #a #b #j ,,sund]l&4 ,sug> ,bas9 & ,cov] & six cups & sauc]s1 pa9t$ ) figure subjects on yell[ gr\nd1 m>k$ ,,sewell4 ,so!by4 ,novemb]1 #aije #a #ac #j ,,newca/le4 ,frog mugs & jugs v>y 9 price f #ajs4 to #b1 accord+ to ! /yle ( decoration4 ,x ,,transf]-,,pr9t$ ,,w>e ,,*apt] ,x ,,transf]-,,pr9t$ ,,w>e ,its orig9--,liv]pool--,its adoption 9 ,/af=d%ire--,:at is ,transf]-pr9t+8--,ov]-glaze pr9t+--,"u-glaze pr9t+--,! ,/af=d%ire ,transf]-pr9t]s--,o!r ,transf]-pr9t]s--,le$s1 ,swansea1 ,sund]l&1 & ,newca/le--,! ,mission ( black ,transf]-pr9t$ ,w>e--,types ( ,blue-pr9t$ ,w>e--,! ,will[ ,patt]n--,table ( ,m>ks--,prices4 ,be=e ! ye> #agef1 all w>e1 :e!r x be porcela9 or delft or e>!nw>e1 0 pa9t$1 or1 to foll[ ! t]m us$ 9 popul> phraseology1 x 0 h& pa9t$4 ,x is an ess5tially ,engli% art1 & some?+ :i* /&s ) salt-glaze & ) ,w$gwood's jasp] w>e z be+ fam\s ?r\gh\t ,europe4 ,! subject ( transf]-pr9t+ is surr\nd$ ) a c]ta9 am\nt ( conjecture 9 reg>d to its inv5tion4 ,q a doz5 p]sons 7 cr$it$ ) hav+ orig9at$ x4 ,mr4 ,william ,turn]1 9 8 volume1 ,transf] ,pr9t+ on ,enamels1 ,porcela91 & ,pott]y1 publi%$ by ,messrs4 ,*apman & ,hall1 9 #aijg1 has ?or\ghly inve/igat$ ! v>i\s claims set up = ! discov]y ( transf]-pr9t+ &1 ) no little rese>* ext5d+ ov] a wide area1 has = ! fir/ "t settl$ ! relative position ( ! v>i\s claimants & factories = :i* ?is hon\r is claim$4 ,x is impossible1 cov]+ ! same gr\nd z ,mr4 ,william ,turn]1 to say any?+ new on transf]-pr9t+1 & we mu/ express our indebt$ness to him 9 mak+ use ( 8 orig9al inve/igations & embody+ !m 9 ?is *apt] on transf]-pr9t$ w>e4 ,9 reg>d to ov]-glaze pr9t+1 includ+ copp] enamels su* z ,batt]sea1 porcela9 su* z ,worce/]1 & e>!nw>e su* z ,liv]pool delft--x 0 at ,batt]sea :]e enamels 7 fir/ pr9t$ 9 #agec2 ,liv]pool1 ) ,sadl] & ,gre5's inv5tion1 comes second ) pr9t$ delft tiles 9 #agef4 ,a ye> aft]1 9 #ageg1 we h ,worce/] ) transf]-pr9t$ porcela94 ,?is ,worce/] pr9t$ w>e is well kn[n f ! e>ly transf]-pr9t$ design kn[n z ,hancock's ,tea p>ty & ! ,k+ ( ,prussia jugs & mugs4 ,aft] ,worce/] all ! o!r porcela9 factories foll[$ ) transf]-pr9t$ w>e4 ,!re 0 ,d]by 9 #agfd1 & ,caughley 9 ! same ye>4 ,x w be se5 t1 s f> z ,liv]pool is conc]n$ z repres5tative ( ! e>!nw>e factories 7cream w>e be+ pr9t$ "h to ! ord] ( ! ,/af=d%ire pott]s71 e>!nw>e ov]-glaze pr9t+ is slightly ahead ( ! porcela9 factories4 ,b 9 "u-glaze pr9t+ porcela9 /&s easily fir/4 ,worce/] comm5c$ "u-glaze pr9t+ 9 ! same ye> 7#ageg7 t ov]-glaze 0 employ$ !re1 & ,d]by is ! second 9 ! field 9 "u-glaze pr9t+ 9 #agfd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,salt-,,glaz$ ,,plate4 ,transf]-pr9t$ 9 r$4 ,fable subject--,h]cules & ! ,waggon]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,liv]pool ,,transf]-,,pr9t$ ,,jug4 ,m$allion repres5t+ ,diana 9 h] ,*>iot4 7,height #i-a_/d in*es47 7,9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,s4 ,g4 ,f5ton47 ,x has already be5 %[n t ,liv]pool did ! pr9t+ on ! ,/af=d%ire cream w>e = ! pott]s :o s5t x !re to be pr9t$1 & ! same me?od 0 foll[$ by ,le$s4 ,b !re came a "t :5 x 0 no long] necess>y to ask ,liv]pool to employ a secret process = ! decoration ( ,/af=d%ire or ,le$s "w4 ,! secret kn[n at ,worce/]1 & ,d]by & ,batt]sea1 0 n _m ye>s a secret4 ,! ,/af=d%ire pott]s und]took to d _! own pr9t+1 & e pott]y soon le>n$ ! new process ( transf]-pr9t+1 & x 0 n long be=e improvem5ts 7 made & new] =ms ( pr9t+ adopt$4 ,its adoption 9 ,/af=d%ire4--,allusion has be5 made to ! awkw>d =m ( ! squ>e tile decoration ( fable subjects at ,liv]pool z appli$ to circul> plates4 ,b ,/af=d%ire 9 its adoption ( ! new process made ! transf] fit ! object to be decorat$4 ,9 ! illu/ration ( ! salt-glaze ,/af=d%ire plate ) ! black transf]-pr9t$ design ( ,h]cules & ! ,waggon] f sop's ,fables 7p4 #cai71 ! engrav] has dep>t$ f ! f\r corn]s ( 8 circumscrib$ tile1 & we may put ?is piece d[n z ( ,/af=d%ire pr9t+4 ,x is (t5 l>gely a matt] ( conjecture z to :at 0 pr9t$ at ,liv]pool & :at 0 pr9t$ else:]e 7) ! exception ( ,worce/]1 :]e ! engrav+ & pr9t+ 7 m delicate74 ,! ,/af=d%ire jug %[+ a full-l5g? portrait ( ,8 ,royal ,highness ,fr$]ick1 ,duke ( ,york1 hav+ on ! rev]se ! ,dragoon 9 ! uni=m ( ! p]iod1 tells its own /ory z reg>ds date4 ,fr$]ick 0 ! second son ( ,george ,,iii4 & 0 born 9 #agfc & di$ 9 #ahbg4 ,z ?is portrait repres5ts him z be+ advanc$ into manhood & z at t date--say ab\t #aghf--! ,liv]pool pr9t]s _h be5 at "w tw5ty ye>s1 ! transf]-pr9t+ may v reasonably be attribut$ to ,/af=d%ire4 ,b x is n always easy to fix ! date ( ! pr9t+1 & det]m9e :e!r by t "t ,/af=d%ire _h emb>k$ on its own transf]-pr9t+ 9 black2 ( c\rse1 blue transf]-pr9t+ is lat]4 ,! difficulty usually arises 9 connection ) black transf]-pr9t$ w>e4 ,liv]pool 0 /ill engag$ 9 pr9t+ = ,/af=d%ire pott]s z well z pr9t+ cream w>e ( its own pott+1 & ,le$s 0 produc+ simil> transf]-pr9t$ ov]-glaze w>e1 s t 9 unm>k$ pieces !re mu/ always be an unc]ta9ty 9 com+ to a def9ite conclusion4 ,9 all probability ! jug 7illu/rat$ p4 #cbc7 & be>+ ! inscription ,success to ,trade & hav+ a typical eighte5? c5tury rural subject on ! rev]se entitl$ ,! ,fai?less ,lov]1 0 actually pr9t$ by ,sadl] & ,gre5 at ,liv]pool4 ,ano!r f9ely decorat$ pr9t$ jug is t illu/rat$ 7p4 #cah71 ! subject repres5t+ ,diana on cresc5t moon driv+ a pair ( goats 9 h] *>iot4 ,! date ( ?is piece is ab\t #aghj to #ahjj1 & is /rongly sugge/ive ( ,w$gwood cream w>e4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! design is id5tical ) t 9 ! ,turn] jasp] vase 7illu/rat$ p4 #bfa74 ,illu/ration3 ,,jug1 ,,transf]-,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,black4 ,emblems & inscrib$ ,success to ,trade4 ,subject on rev]se--,! ,fai?less ,lov]4 7,height #g in*es47 ,illu/ration3 ,,jug1 ,,transf]-,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,black4 ,portrait ( ,duke ( ,york1 & m\nt$ dragoon on rev]se4 7,height #g in*es47 7,9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,hub]t ,g\ld47 ,:at is ,transf]-pr9t+8--,a piece ( pott]y may be pla9 or undecorat$1 x may be pa9t$1 or x may be pr9t$4 ,! process ( pr9t+ consi/s ( affix+ an engrav$ pr9t f a copp] plate & transf]r+ an impression to ! pott]y to be decorat$4 ,x is ?is latt] process :i* claims our att5tion 9 ?is *apt]4 ,:5 transf]-pr9t+ 0 fir/ us$1 subjects su* z portraits 7,k+ ( ,prussia71 co/ume subjects 7s]ies ( actors & actresses on ,liv]pool delft tiles71 fancy or pa/oral sc5es 7su* z sop's ,fables1 c471 7 produc$ 9 black1 puce1 or r$di% br[n4 ,^! 7 at fir/ cull$ f contempor>y volumes ) engrav$ copp]-plate pr9ts z illu/rations4 ,we f9d ,w$gwood 9 q e>ly days se>*+ ,london = suitable pr9ts ( views & simil> small subjects = decorative purposes4 ,probably at fir/ ! copp] plates :i* _h be5 us$ 9 books 7 b\ght up by ! pott]s1 & did s]vice aga9 = _! w>e4 ,lat] !y employ$ engrav]s1 :o no d\bt copi$ or adapt$ o!r p's engrav$ "w to suit _! purpose1 & z ! art advanc$ x ga9$ 9 orig9ality1 & a b& ( engrav]s work$ = ! pott]s 9 design+ subjects /rictly applicable to ! limitations 9 ! te*nique ( e>!nw>e4 ,?is process ( transf]-pr9t+ is r\ghly z foll[s4 ,! copp]-plate is ink$1 & a %eet ( t\gh tissue pap]1 wett$ ) a mixture ( soap1 is appli$ to its surface & pr9t$ 9 a press4 ,! pap] is tak5 (f1 %[+ an impression or pr9t1 :i* is c>efully laid on ! surface ( ! piece ( e>!nw>e to be decorat$4 ,! ink$ design on ! pap] transf]s itself to ! e>!nw>e4 ,ov]-glaze ,pr9t+4--,! diff]5ce betwe5 ov]-glaze & "u-glaze decoration always seems to puzzle ! beg9n]1 b ! explanation is simple en\gh4 ,a piece ( pott]y is produc$ by ! foll[+ /eps4 ,! clay is ?r[n1 t is1 x is spun into %ape on ! pott]'s :eel1 or x may be made 9 a m\ld4 ,:5 9 ?is s(t /ate1 say 9 ! =m ( a bas91 x c\ld be cru%$ by ! h& into ! %apeless mass ( clay :5ce x sprung4 ,x is next put aside to dry suffici5tly to all[ h&l+4 ,x may receive "s ( its decoration at ?is /age z x is possible to pa9t on ! m or less damp clay1 b z a g5]al rule t is left till ! next /age4 ,x is n[ plac$ 9 ! biscuit ov5 & receives ! mo/ int5se heat1 & is "h /ack$ 9 firepro( sagg]s or boxes to protect x f ! flames1 & x is fir$ = ab\t ?ree days be=e be+ tak5 out 9 ! /ate kn[n z biscuit4 ,w$gwood's jasp] w>e1 black basalt1 & all unglaz$ /onew>e /op at ?is biscuit or unglaz$ /age4 ,x is next dipp$ 9 liquid glaze & goes aga9 to be fir$1 ?is "t into ! glo/ or glaze ov51 :i* is l[] 9 temp]ature4 ,aft] com+ f ?is second ov5 x is no long] biscuit 9 appe>ance1 b is cov]$ ) a sk9 or coat+ ( glass or glaze1 :i* has amalgamat$ ) ! body und]nea?4 ,x is n[ ready = pa9t+ ) enamel col\rs or = transf]-pr9t+1 :i* obvi\sly is ov]-glaze decoration4 ,la/ly1 aft] ?is decoration has be5 made1 x goes to be fir$ = a ?ird "t1 & is put into ! enamel or muffle kiln1 :i* is ! l[e/ temp]ature ( ! ?ree4 ,9 effect1 !n1 ! ov]-glaze decoration is on top ( ev]y?+1 & obvi\sly1 :5 ! piece is scrat*$ 9 use1 ?is decoration we>s away fir/4 ,?is at once gives ! reason = ano!r process1 kn[n z "u-glaze decoration1 :]e ! "w receives ! protection ( ! glaze4 ,z a po/script to ?is description ( ! ?ree fir+s1 x may be not$ 9 pass+ t1 9 true porcela91 su* z ,*9ese1 ,dresd51 & ,bri/ol 7all h>d pa/es71 ! body & glaze are fir$ at "o op]ation1 ! glaze receiv+ z high a temp]ature z ! body4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*9ese ,,blue ,,& ,,:ite ,,porcela9 ,,plates4 ,pa9t$ 9 d>k blue "u-glaze4 ,pa9t$ 9 light blue "u-glaze4 ,! types f :i* ,engli% pott]s made _! copies4 7,9 ! collection ( ! ,au?or47 ,illu/ration3 ,,*9ese ,,blue ,,& ,,:ite ,,porcela9 ,,plates4 ,pa9t$ 9 ri* blue "u-glaze4 ,! ,will[ patt]n & ! ,a/] patt]n4 ,! types f :i* ,engli% pott]s made _! copies4 7,9 ! collection ( ! ,au?or47 ,"u-glaze ,pr9t+4--,?is is pr9t+ :i* is transf]r$ to ! w>e1 ei!r porcela9 or e>!nw>e1 :5 9 its biscuit /ate prior to be+ dipp$ 9 glaze4 ,blue 0 ! mo/ frequ5t col\r us$ 9 "u-glaze transf]-pr9t+1 z ( c\rse x 0 ! e>lie/ col\r us$ 9 ! pa9t$ "u-glaze decorations at ,worce/] & ,caughley4 ,!re are o!r col\rs1 obta9$ f metallic comp\nds1 us$ bo? on porcela9 & e>!nw>e "u ! glaze1 & ow+ to ! temp]ature requir$ = fir+ 9 ?is mann] ! range is limit$1 be+ usually conf9$ to cobalt blue1 gre51 br[n1 lilac1 black1 & a few o!rs4 ,b blue is ! *ief "u-glaze col\r to be consid]$ 9 connection ) "u-glaze transf]-pr9t+4 ,!re 0 a great dem& = deep blue & = a light] blue1 bo? ( :i* came to ! ,/af=d%ire e>!nw>e pr9t]s & pott]s f ,engli% porcela9 factories su* z ,caughley1 :]e ,?omas ,turn]1 an appr5tice at ,worce/] "u ,rob]t ,hancock1 made 9 #aghj 8 fam\s "u-glaze blue ,will[-patt]n2 or ! idea may h be5 d]iv$ /raight f ! ,*9ese blue porcela9 "u-glaze ( ,nank91 s mu* 9 vogue 9 middle eighte5?-c5tury days4 ,/af=d%ire ,transf]-pr9t]s4--,x has be5 %[n h[ ! ,/af=d%ire pott]s at fir/ turn$ to ,liv]pool1 & readily s\ght ! aid ( ,sadl] & ,gre5 9 ! decoration ( _! salt-glaze & _! cream w>e1 9 ord] to compete ) ! porcela9 factories ) ,worce/] & ,caughley at _! head4 ,b trade secrets f\nd _! way into ,/af=d%ire4 ,! ov]-glaze pr9t+ z practis$ by ,sadl] & ,gre5 0 soon ma/]$1 & lat] ! "u-glaze blue pr9t+ 0 import$ by workm5 f ,caughley4 ,among ! ,/af=d%ire pott]s ! foll[+ are ! pr9cipal pione]s 9 reg>d to transf]-pr9t+ 9 its v>i\s developm5ts4 ,william ,adams1 ( ,cobridge1 9 #agge fir/ introduc$ transf]-pr9t+ into ,/af=d%ire4 ,john ,turn]1 ( ,lane ,end 7n to be conf\nd$ ) ,?omas ,turn]1 ( ,caughley7 0 ! fir/ to pr9t "u-glaze blue 9 ,/af=d%ire4 ,josiah ,spode1 ab\t #aghd1 introduc$ 8 "u-glaze blue will[ patt]n1 a copy ( ! ,caughley patt]n4 ,william ,adams1 ( ,gre5gates1 9 #aghg br\ght out 8 "u-glaze blue1 :i* 9 ri*ness & mell[ness has nev] be5 surpass$2 & ,josiah ,w$gwood1 al?\gh he nev] des]t$ ,liv]pool = "s ( 8 patt]ns1 _h a press at "w at ,etruria1 9 #aghg2 & ,?omas ,m9ton1 n[ a ma/] pott] at ,/oke1 =m]ly an appr5tice at ,caughley ) ,?omas ,turn]1 design$ ! celebrat$ ,broseley ,dragon patt]n tea s]vice = porcela9 9 #aghb 7foll[+ ! will[ patt]n1 #aghj71 & produc$ 9 ! late ye>s ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 ab\t #agic1 "s f9e blue-pr9t$ w>e at ,/oke4 ,^! may be t]m$ ! e>li] expon5ts ( transf]-pr9t+ 9 ,/af=d%ire1 b !re 7 o!rs ^: blue-pr9t$ w>e 0 ( great m]it 9 ,/af=d%ire1 & ,le$s & ,swansea1 held no insignificant place4 ,illu/ration3 ,,spode ,,e>!nw>e4 ,transf]-pr9t$ "u-glaze blue4 ,bridge patt]n ,plate & ,will[ patt]n ,jug4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cream ,,w>e ,,di% ,,) ,,impress$ ,,m>k ,,turn]4 ,) pi]c$ bord] & b& ( emboss$ wick]work4 ,c5tre pr9t$ 9 blue ) ,will[ patt]n4 7,at ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,o!r ,transf] ,pr9t]s4--,/af=d%ire did n long h ! monopoly ( "u-glaze blue-pr9t$ w>e4 ,le$s & ,swansea bo? produc$ simil> "w1 & 9 bo? cases !re is a /rong atta*m5t to ,ori5tal design4 ,black transf]-pr9t+ 0 also execut$ at bo? ^! factories1 & at ,swansea "s exceptionally f9e engrav$ "w 0 turn$ out 7see illu/ration ( ,swansea plate1 p4 #cig74 ,at ,sund]l& & ,newca/le ! black transf]-pr9t$ mugs & jugs ) ! ,we> ,bridge & ) nautical subjects became q ! vogue1 & 9 ^! two factories ! jugs & mugs (t5 _h a frog modell$ 9 ! int]ior1 & p9k lu/re decoration 0 us$ 9 comb9ation ) ! transf] design usually at ! bord]s or at ! rims4 ,! ,mission ( ,black-pr9t$ ,w>e4--,9 ! designs & inscriptions ( ! black transf]-pr9t$ w>e ! ,/af=d%ire pott] us$ 8 jugs & 8 mugs z a m$ium to record ev5ts & to v5tilate grievances1 n 9 imp]i%able v]se1 b 9 ! fickle body ( ! clay4 ,?is class ( w>e f #agfj to #ahfj /&s = a c5tury z typically ,engli% 9 "*4 ,x reflects ! political1 social1 & religi\s ev5ts1 & 9 matt]-(-fact1 humor\s1 or satirical fa%ion4 ,! black transf]-pr9t$ or e>li] p]iod1 7?\gh "s ( ?is class come d[n z late z ! railway mugs ( #ahcj71 may be said to depict ev5ts & *ronicle popul> s5tim5t 9 black & :ite4 ,! blue transf]-pr9t] /rove to be decorative1 & ma9ly repres5t$ sc5]y & topography1 & mu* ( x 0 b\nd d[n to =mal designs ( ,ori5tal nature4 ,at fir/ fable subjects1 z on ,w$gwood's cream w>e1 7 employ$1 & x has be5 se5 h[ ! squ>e tile =m 0 disc>d$ by ! engrav] :o made 8 engrav+ fit ! object to be decorat$4 ,?is p]fect ma/]y ( ! te*nique ( transf]-pr9t+ is %[n v cle>ly 9 ! old blue ,spode s]vice ( ! ,t[] patt]n 7illu/rat$1 p4 #cce74 ,x w be se5 h[1 z ! %ape ( ea* vessel diff]$1 ! engrav] has alt]$ 8 bridge to fit ! new circum/ances4 ,at "o "t1 on a broad1 flat di%1 x appe>s z a wide bridge1 & 9 ! circul> plate ! trees appe> at great] height & ! viaduct assumes a m circul> =m4 ,9 ! jug ( ! same design ! bridge is n>r[1 z ?\gh spann+ a deep rav9e4 ,to enum]ate ! classes ( w>e ) black transf]-pr9t+ is to make a catalogue ( ! pr9cipal ev5ts :i* /irr$ ! he>t ( ! p4 ,x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ?is s*ool 0 work+ side by side ) ! mak]s ( f9e /onew>e & ( jasp] w>e ) classic subjects1 b x is1 aft] all1 to ! black-pr9t$ w>e t "o turns mo/ lov+ly z be+ m human4 ,x w suffice1 p]haps1 if we quote a few examples & /ir ! en?usiasm ( ! read] to pursue ! collection ( ^! really hi/oric records :i* h some?+ m ende>+ 9 !m ?an ! relics ( ,napoleon or ! %oe/r+s ( "s ( ! ,/u>t mon>*s4 ,!re is a f9e flav\r ( patriotism1 ( conviviality1 & ( homely s5tim5t 9 "s ( ! foll[+3-- ,on a b[l1 salt-glaz$ w>e1 ) ,admiral ,v]non & 8 fleet is inscrib$ ,! ,briti% ,glory reviv$ by ,admiral ,v]non4 ,he took ,porto ,bello ) ,six ,%ips only4 ,nov4 ye #bb #agci4 ,a cream-w>e jug pr9t$1 ) m$allion portrait ( ,e>l ,h[e1 is inscrib$ ,,long ,,live ,,e>l ,,h[e1 ,comm&]-9-,*ief ( ! ,victori\s ,,briti% ,,fleet4 ,9 ! ev] memorable engagem5t on ! ,glori\s ,fir/ ( ,june1 #agid4 ,on a cream-w>e jug ab\t #ahjj ) a view ( ,gre5wi* ,hospital1 & entitl$ ,! ,sailor's ,adieu1 ! foll[+ l9es are inscrib$3 ,:at %\ld te> me f ! arms ( my ,de>e/ ,polly b ! und5iable calls ( my c\ntry 9 ^: cause ,i h engag'd my ,hon\r & my ,life4 ,?is 9 date is ! la/ ye> ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,spode ,,blue ,,pr9t$ ,,w>e4 ,t[] patt]n4 7,9 ! collection ( ,mrs4 ,h]man ,lieb/e947 ,! ,sailor's ,f>ewell & ,return are r frequ5t1 & ,*>les ,dibd9's v]ses appe> on "s ( ^! jugs & mugs4 ,!re is "o int]e/+ jug 9 ! =m ( a sailor seat$ on a *e/1 col\r$ e>!nw>e ab\t #aggj1 ) a breezy inscription1 ,hullo1 ,bro!r ,briton1 :oev] ,?\ be1 ,sit d[n on t *e/ ( ,h>d ,doll>s by me1 & dr9k a heal? to all sailors bold4 ,ano!r cream-w>e jug1 p>tly pr9t$ & t\*$ by col\r repres5t+ a man-(-w> t[+ a frigate1 has ! inscription3 ,a sailor's life's a pleasant life2 ,he freely roams f %ore to %ore1 ,9 e port he f9ds a wife1 ,:at c a sailor wi% = m8 ,a r$ e>!nw>e mug ) :ite slip may be m5tion$ "h z hav+ a *>act]i/ic motto3 ,f rocks & s&s & b>r5 l&s ,good ,=tune sets me free2 ,& f great ,guns & ,wom5's tongues1 ,good ,"l1 deliv] me4 ,a ,/af=d%ire blue-pr9t$ jug1 made 9 #agic1 %[s ! execution ( ,l\is ,,xvi4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury !re 0 q a bur/ ( ,napoleonic jugs & mugs & bu/s1 & "s ( ,gillray's c>icatures f9d !mselves on e>!nw>e4 ,!re is "o lu/re e>!nw>e jug pr9t$ & col\r$ ) c>icatures entitl$ ,jack ,fro/ attack+ ',bony' 9 ,russia & ,little ',bony' sneak+ into ,p>is ) a :ite fea!r 9 8 tail4 ,?is is 9 date ab\t #ahac4 ,a cov] ( an e>!nw>e j> has ! inscription pr9t$ 9 violet )9 a wrea?1 ,peace6 ,may its duration equal ! ye>s ( ,w>4 ,! relations betwe5 ,engl& & ,am]ica receiv$ att5tion at ! ,/af=d%ire pott]s' h&s4 ,!re are cream-w>e mugs & jugs & plates ) portraits ( ,wa%+ton 9 date f #aghe to #agij4 ,on "o ! inscription runs1 ,success to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,am]ica4 ,prize-fight+1 be>-bait+1 cock-fight+1 rac+1 coa*+1 all receiv$ _! records on ! e>!nw>e ( ! late eighte5? c5tury4 ,/ag hunt+1 fox hunt+1 c\rs+1 come z ready subjects to ! transf]-pr9t]4 ,cricket is record$ 9 e>!nw>e on a pr9t$ mug repres5t+ ! ,gr& ,cricket ,mat* play$ 9 ,"l's ,gr\nd1 ,m>y-le-bone1 ,june #bj & foll[+ day betwe5 ! ,e>ls ( ,w9*e/] & ,d>nley = #a1jjj gu9eas4 ,! date ( ?is is #agij4 ,ev5 ! velocip$e & ! balloon are n disreg>d$4 ,?is li/ is b a r\gh outl9e ( ! mission ( ! transf]-pr9t] 9 record+ curr5t ev5ts on 8 e>!nw>e1 = ! pleasure ( 8 own contempor>ies & = ! in=mation & delectation ( succe$+ g5]ations ( collectors :o may be some?+ o!r ?an connoisseurs ( pa/es & bodies1 & h le>n$ to read aright ! /ory ( ! *9a-%elf & enjoy to ! full ! secret pleasures 9 ! byeways ( collect+4 ,types ( ,blue-pr9t$ ,w>e4--,! black ov]-glaze transf]-pr9t+ came into ,/af=d%ire 9 imitation ( ! transf]-pr9t$ delft tiles ( ,liv]pool4 ,b x rapidly acquir$ a /r5g? & orig9ality ( its own4 ,x lack$ ! delicacy ( ! transf]-pr9t$ black porcela9 ( ,worce/]1 b its virility m ?an made up = its arti/ic defects4 ,"u-glaze blue-pr9t$ w>e 0 an imitation f ! porcela9 pr9t$ at ,caughley4 ,"h aga9 x may be said to h out/ripp$ by new dep>tures & broad] effects ! "u-glaze blue-pr9t+ ( ! e>ly *9a factories4 ,9 common ) !m its inspiration 0 f ! ,*9ese4 ,we illu/rate 7p4 #cbg7 f\r examples ( ,*9ese porcela9 plates1 :i* are types ( ! ,ori5tal *9a designs :i* s]v$ z models bo? = ! ,engli% porcela9 mak]s & = ! e>!nw>e ( ,/af=d%ire4 ,! l[] left-h& plate is evid5tly ! ,*9ese design f :i* ! ,engli% pott]s d]iv$ ! well-kn[n & fav\rite will[ patt]n4 ,aft] ,?omas ,turn]1 ( ,caughley1 _h pr9t$ x on *9a 9 #aghj1 & ,josiah ,spode 9 #aghd _h employ$ x on 8 e>!nw>e 9 ,/af=d%ire1 all ! o!r pott]s comm5c$ to make ! same design ) slightly diff]5t details1 ma9ly 9 ! fret bord]4 ,! o!r plate on ! "r h& is ! well-kn[n a/] patt]n1 s frequ5tly adopt$ by ,engli% pott]s 9 blue-pr9t$ cream w>e4 ,! two upp] octagonal plates %[ ! two /yles ( d>k blue & light blue "u-glaze pa9t+ employ$ by ! ,*9ese2 & ! ,/af=d%ire pott]1 true to 8 models1 foll[$ 9 8 "u-glaze blue-pr9t+ ^! tones4 ,! p]iod :5 ! ri* deep d>k-blue-pr9t$ w>e 0 9 vogue is f ! e>ly n9ete5? c5tury to ab\t #ahbe4 ,light blue pr9t+ 0 employ$ f #agij till ! deep blue supplant$ x1 & :5 ! craze = deep blue _h sp5t itself ! light blue aga9 became fa%ionable until pr9t+ 9 col\r 9 ! middle p]iod ( ! n9ete5? c5tury came to be l>gely practis$4 ,9 ! treatm5t ( ! bord] 9 ! ,ori5tal example we illu/rate1 x w be notic$ h[ ,josiah ,spode & o!rs1 includ+ ! f9e s*ool at ,le$s1 :o 7 pr9t+ 9 "u-glaze blue 9 #agij1 & ! pott]s at ,swansea1 foll[$ ?is decorative treatm5t4 ,spode 9 p>ticul> _h a great fondness = ,*9ese subjects4 ,we illu/rate 7p4 #cde7 a blue-pr9t$ di% by him1 :]e1 z 0 8 wont1 he introduc$1 q incongru\sly1 a ,go?ic ca/le4 ,! f9e1 ri* col\r+ ( ?is di% is mo/ noticeable4 ,9 ! ,spode e>!nw>e ,jug & ,plate illu/rat$ 7p4 #cca71 x w be se5 t ! plate1 kn[n z ! ,bridge patt]n1 closely foll[s ! design ( ! ,*9ese porcela9 plate 7p4 #cbg71 & ! jug is decorat$ ) ! famili> ,will[ patt]n4 ,ano!r v>iation ( ! ,will[ design is f\nd on ! ,turn] ,cream-w>e ,di%1 illu/rat$1 hav+ a b& ( emboss$ wick]work & a pi]c$ bord]4 ,?is piece has ! impress$ m>k ,,turn]4 ,a simil> ,ori5tal influ5ce is se5 9 ! d>k blue transf]-pr9t$ di% by ,william ,adams1 ( ,gre5gates 7see illu/ration1 p4 #cda74 ,! incl9ation "h is t[>ds figure subjects1 & ! decorative use ( ! exotic bird1 z %[n 9 ! c5tre panel ( ?is di%1 f9ds a place on "s ( ,mason's e>ly blue-pr9t$ di%es4 ,( ! col\r ( ! di%es ( ,william ,adams1 ( ,gre5gates1 x may be rem>k$ t = ri*ness ( tone 9 ! "u-glaze blue he introduc$ 9 #aghg !y h nev] be5 surpass$4 ,:at is ! ,will[ patt]n8--,! "n will[-patt]n has be5 s frequ5tly m5tion$ 9 connection ) ! subject ( old ,engli% e>!nw>e & *9a t x w be ( s]vice to /ate some?+ ( ! details ( ! hi/ory ( ?is p>ticul> patt]n1 :i* seems to h unacc\ntably seiz$ hold ( popul> imag9ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,di%1 ,,transf]-,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,deep ,,blue1 ,,by ,,rog]s4 ,subject--! ,naval ,fight betwe5 ! ,*esapeake & ,%annon4 7,9 ! collection ( ,miss ,feild547 ,illu/ration3 ,,di%1 ,,transf]-,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,blue4 ,m>k impress$ ,,adams 7( ,gre5gates74 7,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,russell ,allan47 ,by ! c\rtesy ( ,mr4 ,p]cy ,w4 ,l4 ,adams4 ,f ,william ,adams4 ,an ,old ,engli% ,pott]4 ,! ,caughley patt]n1 :i* "s au?orities believe 0 engrav$ by ,m9ton :5 he 0 an appr5tice !re1 0 closely foll[$ by ,spode1 ,adams1 ,w$gwood1 ,dav5port1 ,clews1 ,le$s1 ! ,don ,pott]y1 & ,swansea4 ,! diff]5ces are slight ma9ly 9 ! treatm5t ( ! frett$ bord]1 ei!r a lattice-"w or conv5tional butt]fly be+ us$1 & details ( ! f5ce 9 ! =egr\nd diff]+4 ,! t]m ,will[ is appli$ 9 a g5]al way to _m ( ! copies ( ! blue-&-:ite ,ori5tal porcela9 import$ f ,*9a dur+ ! la/ half ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,b ! will[ patt]n1 to :i* a /ory is atta*$1 is ( ! same design z ! ,*9ese plate illu/rat$ 7p4 #cbg71 :i* ,caughley copi$4 ,?is popul> adaptation appe>s z a decoration on ! cov]s ( ?is volume4 ,:e!r ! /ory 0 inv5t$ by "s +5i\s p]son to fit ! plate we d n "k2 b !re is /rong probability t ?is is s4 ,on ,*9ese plates ! dramatis p]son are miss+4 ,! will[ has ev] be5 a sad tree1 :]e( su* z h lo/ _! love make _! m\rn+ g>l&s4 ,i (f]$ him my company to a will[-tree 444 to make him a g>l&1 z be+ =sak51 says ,b5$ick 9 ,mu* ,ado ab\t ,no?+4 ,?is is ! love-/ory t is told conc]n+ ! will[ plate4 ,*ang1 ! secret>y ( a m&>9 ^: h\se is on ! "r ( ! plate1 d>$ to love 8 ma/]'s daught]1 ,li-*i4 ,b ! m&>9 _h o!r designs1 & 8 daught] 0 promis$ to an old b weal?y suitor4 ,9 ord] to prev5t ! lov]s f meet+1 ! m&>9 imprison$ 8 daught] 9 a room 9 8 h\se ov]look+ ! wat]4 ,a correspond5ce ensu$1 s ! /ory goes1 betwe5 ! lov]s1 & ! lady s5t a poetical message1 9 a cocoa-nut %ell1 float+ d[n ! riv]1 t %e expect$ ,*ang :5 ! will[-leaf comm5c$ to fall4 ,by ! connivance ( a g>d5]1 :o app>5tly liv$ 9 ! small cottage on ! left1 ov]%ad[$ by a fir-tree1 ! lov]s escap$1 & are depict$ z flee+ ov] ! bridge--! m&>9 beh9d ) a :ip 9 8 h&1 ! lady 9 front1 & ,*ang 9 ! middle c>ry+ h] jewel-box6 ,! individual 9 ! junk1 high] up1 is int5d$ to d5ote t !y fl$ to ! isl& 9 ! nor?-we/ ( ! plate4 ,!y liv$ happy until ,fate1 9 ! %ape ( ! weal?y lov]1 ov]took !m & burn$ _! h\se to a%es4 ,b ! gods *ang$ !m into two doves1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 figure prom95tly 9 ! design4 ,?is tragic /ory ( disa/r\s love has clung to ! will[-patt]n plates1 & nobody c %ake ! belief ( own]s ( indiff]5t specim5s ( middle-n9ete5? c5tury days t ^! plates are ( great value4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ap>t f ! eighte5?-c5tury examples1 any?+ else is n wor? ! att5tion ( ! s]i\s collector4 ,we h allud$ to ! hi/oric "* ( ! black transf]-pr9t$ w>e1 b sometimes simil> subjects 7 attempt$ 9 ! blue w>e4 ,we illu/rate a di% kn[n z ! ,*esapeake & ,%annon di%1 depict+ ! fam\s naval enc\nt] betwe5 ^! two vessels4 ,illu/ration3 ,,spode ,,di%4 ,transf]-pr9t$ 9 deep blue "u-glaze4 ,illu/ration3 ,,di% ,,) ,,l&scape ,,subject ,,9 ,,/yle ,,( ,,claude4 ,transf]-pr9t$ 9 deep blue "u-glaze4 7,9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,s4 ,g4 ,f5ton47 ,at a "t :5 ! s*ool ( l&scape engrav]s de>ly lov$ a classic ru9 or ! brok5 ar* ( a temple 9 ! composition ( ! sc5e1 x is only natural to f9d ?is class ( subject on ! pr9t$ w>e4 ,we illu/rate a typical "u-glaze blue-pr9t$ di% ) f9e contra/s %[+ v accurately :at excell5t decoration 0 employ$ 9 ?is engrav$ "w4 ,! s*ool ( ,claude l&scapes f\nd its vot>ies1 & "s /rong engrav+ by ,brookes & o!rs 0 done = ?is old blue e>!nw>e4 ,x is pictorial1 & betrays an attempt to break new gr\nd & get away f ! conv5tions ( ,ori5tal design1 b ! bord] 9 ! di% we illu/rate 7p4 #cde7 %[s ! /rong ,japanese _s :i* _h inspir$ ,spode1 & ?is t\* ( incongruity makes x m ?an probable t ?is di% is ( ,spode orig94 ,!re are _m o!r phases ( pr9t$ w>e t c only be allud$ to 9 pass+4 ,! transf] pr9t+ 9 outl9e1 ! col\r be+ add$ by h&1 0 ! beg9n+ ( ! e/abli%m5t ( all ! mod]n me?ods = *9a & e>!nw>e z commonly 9 use4 ,some?+1 too1 %\ld be said ( bat pr9t+4 ,?is 0 ! use ( a block ( glue in/ead ( transf]-pap] to receive ! ink$ impression f ! copp] plate & transf] x to ! body ( ! e>!nw>e4 ,william ,adams1 ( ,cobridge1 9 #agge fir/ introduc$ bat pr9t+ into ,/af=d%ire4 ,( ! v>i\s types ( engrav+1 su* z l9e1 & /ipple1 & aquat9t1 &1 lat]1 li?ography1 !re is no space to deal4 ,b en\gh has be5 said 9 connection ) ! v>i\s types ( pr9t$ w>e to %[ t :5 pursu$ 9 a special mann] x may be f\nd to be ( exceptional int]e/ to ! collector4 ,,m>ks4 ,transf]-pr9t$ ,e>!nw>e4 ,_m pr9t$ examples are unm>k$1 bo? ( ! e>ly transf]-pr9t+ 9 black ov] ! glaze1 & ( ! latt] "u-glaze blue-pr9t$ w>e1 b ov] a wide p]iod ! foll[+ names are f\nd z m>ks ^u v>i\s transf]-pr9t$ specim5s4 ,x w be obs]v$ t 9 addition _m ( ^! pott]s made /onew>e1 foll[+ ! ,w$gwood influ5ce4#e ,note3 #e ,comp>e ?is ) ! ,li/ ( ,m>ks ( ! ,s*ool ( ,w$gwood1 pp4 #bgi-bhb4 ,william ,adams #aghg-ahje ,blue-pr9t$ "u-glaze 7m>k$ 7( ,gre5gates7 ,adams74 ,b5jam9 ,adams #ahje-ahbj ,blue-pr9t$ "u-glaze 7m>k$ 7( ,gre5gates7 ,b4 ,adams74 ,william ,adams #ahjd-ahce ,d>k blue-pr9t$ "u-glaze & ,sons 7( ,/oke7 black ov]-glaze 7m>k$ ,adams74 7,m>k$ ,close ,co41 late ,william ,adams ,sons1 ,/oke on ,tr5t--aft] #ahdc47 ,william ,adams #ahcj-ahdj ,black ov]-glaz$ pr9t+4 ,sons 7( ,burslem7 ,w$gwood #agie-ahde ,blue-pr9t$ w>e introduc$ 7( ,etruria7 7,! second %ortly aft] ! dea? ( ,josiah ,w$gwood ,w$gwood 9 #agie4 ,black p]iod7 transf]-pr9t$ views aft] #ahcj4 ,w$gwood ,co #agij-agif ,ralph ,w$gwood4 ,black 7( ,burslem7 transf]-pr9t+ ov]-glaze4 ,josiah ,spode ! #agih-ahbg ,blue "u-glaze pr9t+ ( great ,second 7( ,/oke7 v>iety4 ,?omas ,m9ton #agij-ahcf ,blue "u-glaze pr9t+1 ,ori5tal 7( ,/oke7 & o!r patt]ns4 ,john ,dav5port #agic-ahcd ,"u-glaze blue-pr9t+ 7m>k$ 7( ,longport7 ,dav5port1 ,longport74 ,h5ry & ,william ,dav5port #ahce-ahfi ,john ,turn] #agfb-aghf ,ori5tal patt]ns1 "u-glaze 7( ,lane ,end7 blue 7impress$ m>k1 ,turn]74 ,william ,john #aghf-ahjc ,turn] 7sons ( above7 ,john ,aynsley #agij-ahbf ,masonic plates pr9t$ 9 outl9e 7( ,lane ,end7 ov]-glaze & col\r$4 ,t4 ,flet*] ,co #aghf-ahaj ,black transf]-pr9t$ sport+ 7( ,%elton7 subjects1 sometimes "u-glaze4 ,%or?ose ,co #aghc-ahjb ,r$ ov]-glaze pr9t$ fancy 7( ,hanley7 subjects4 ,&rew ,/ev5son #ahaj-ahah ,black ov]-glaze pr9t+ t9t$ 7( ,cobridge7 9 col\rs 7m>k$ ,a4 ,/ev5son1 ) cr[n 9 circle74 ,joseph ,/ubbs #agih-ahbi ,d>k blue "u-glaze pr9t+ 7( ,longport7 7m>k$ ,joseph ,/ubbs 9 circle4 ,longport impress$74 ,james ,clews #ahad-ahcf ,black "u-glaze aft] #ahbe4 7( ,cobridge7 ,am]ican views ( ,hudson ,riv]1 c4 ,john & ,ri*>d #ahbj-ahbg ,blue "u-glaze pr9t+4 ,riley 7( ,burslem7 ,picturesque views4 ,miles ,mason #ahac-ahea ,ri* blue "u-glaze pr9t+2 7( ,lane ,delph7 ,ori5tal subjects & birds4 ,eno* ,wood ,sons #ahbj-ahdf ,deep blue "u-glaze pr9t+4 7( ,burslem7 ,r4 ,j4 ,baddeley #aghj-ahjf 7( ,%elton7 ,j4 ,e4 ,baddeley ,transf] pr9t+ f ! ,hicks ,meigh #ahjf-ahbj e>lie/ date1 bo? ov]-glaze & 7( ,%elton7 "u-glaze4 ,hicks1 ,meigh #ahbj-ahcf ,m>k$ ,i4 ,e4 ,b41 or full names1 ,johnson 7( ,%elton7 or ,r4 ,m4 ,w4 ,co4 ,john & ,william #ahbd-ahcf ,deep d>k blue "u-glaze ,ridgway pr9t+4 ,beauties ( ,am]ica1 7( ,%elton7 & o!r views4 ,ridgway1 ,morley1 #ahcf-ahed ,we> ,co4 7( ,%elton7 ,le$s #agij-ahgh ,ov]-glaze black pr9t+ 7little practis$71 "u-glaze blue1 ,ori5tal subjects 7m>k$ ,le$s ,pott]y74 ,don ,pott]y #agij-ahcd ,"u-glaze blue1 ,ori5tal subjects 7ne> ,donca/]7 7m>k$ ,don ,pott]y or ,b>k]--! latt] aft] #ahcd74 ,liv]pool #agif-ahda ,deep "u-glaze blue-pr9t$2 7,h]culaneum7 ,ori5tal subjects 7m>k$ ,h]culaneum74 ,swansea #ahjb-ahgj ,"u-glaze blue-pr9t+ & 7,cambrian ,pott]y7 ov]-glaze1 black & br[n pr9t+ 7m>k$ ,dillwyn ,co47 7,see gr\p illu/rat$1 p4 #cig47 ,d]by #aghj-aghe ,ov]-glaze black pr9t+ ( 7,cockpit ,hill figure subjects 7m>k$ ,d]by ,pot ,factory7 ,works74 ,caughley #aghj-agii ,"u ! managem5t ( ,?omas 7,salopian7 ,turn]4 ,d>k blue "u-glaze pr9t+2 ,ori5tal subjects 7m>k$ 9 blue ,c74 ,sund]l& & #agij-ahej ,black transf]-pr9t$ mugs & ,newca/le jugs ( crude decoration4 ,v>i\s firms4 ,sund]l&4--,scott ,bro!rs1 ,brunton ,co41 ,moore ,co4 7#ahjc71 ,phillips4 ,newca/le4--,dixon1 ,au/91 ,co41 ,dawson ,co41 ,fell ,co4 7#ahag71 m>k$ ) ,f & an*or1 ,sewells ,donk94 ,middlesbor\gh #ahca-ahej ,blue-pr9t$ w>e 7m>k$ ) ,pott]y impress$ an*or & ,middlesbro' 7,york%ire7 ,pott]y1 or ) ! ^w ,london & an*or1 ab\t #ahdh1 or ,m4,p4 ,co74 ,,prices--,,transf]-,,pr9t$ ,,w>e4 s4 d4 ,transf]-pr9t$ ,jug ) %ip on "o side & m>9]'s compass on rev]se2 ano!r ,jug ) ,sailor & 8 ,lass4 ,so!by1 ,novemb]1 #aijd #a #ah #j ,transf]-pr9t$ ,jug ) portrait ( ,"l ,nelson on "o side1 & plan ( ,battle ( ,trafalg> on rev]se4 ,so!by1 ,novemb]1 #aijd #c #ae #j ,transf]-pr9t$ ,jug ) ,britannia weep+ ov] ! a%es ( ,h] ,mat*less ,h]o1 ,"l ,nelson1 & a sail+ %ip on rev]se1 ) motto ,success to ,trade4 ,so!by1 ,novemb]1 #aijd #c #h #j ,transf]-pr9t$ ,jug ) ,subject relat+ to ! ,indep5d5ce ( ,am]ica2 r>e4 ,so!by1 ,novemb]1 #aijd #c #c #j ,twelve ,plates1 transf]-pr9t$1 ) f>my>d sc5es 9 blue1 & l>ge di% simil>4 ,so!by1 ,may1 #aijg #a #aj #j ,illu/ration3 ,,/af=d%ire ,,figure1 ,,salt-,,glaz$4 ,t\*$ 9 p>ts ) blue4 7,height #e-a_/h in*es47 7,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,rob]t ,bruce ,wallis47 ,illu/ration3 ,,/af=d%ire ,,e>!nw>e ,,figure ,,( ,,cock4 ,tail fea!rs enamell$ 9 d>k blue4 7,height #h in*es47 ,m>k$ ,r ,,wood4 7,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,rob]t ,bruce ,wallis47 ,,xi ,,/af=d%ire ,,figures ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,/af=d%ire ,,figures4 ,,diana4 ,,bir? ,,( ,,v5us4 ,modell$ f ! ,plym\? porcela9 gr\p4 7,9 ! collection ( ,miss ,feild547 ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,( ,,/af=d%ire ,,figures4 ,,m9]va4 ,,p>son ,,& ,,cl]k4 ,,toby ,,jug4 ,f9ely modell$4 ,all m>k$ ,,neale ,,co4 7,9 ! collection ( ,col4 & ,mrs4 ,dickson47 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,/af=d%ire ,,figures ,e>ly ,p]iod 7#afge-agbe73 ,slip1 ,agate1 & ,a/bury ,figures--,be/ ,p]iod 7#agbe-agfj73 ,f9e ,modell+ & ,retic5t ,col\r+1 ,ralph ,wood ! eld]1 ,a>on ,wood1 ,?omas ,:eildon--,classic ,p]iod 7#agfj-aghe73 ,w$gwood1 ,neale1 ,voyez1 ,ralph ,wood1 junior1 ,eno* ,wood1 ,lak9 & ,poole--,decad5t ,p]iod 7#aghe-ahcj73 ,walton1 ,scott1 ,bott1 ,lockett1 ,dale1 & imitative s*ool4 ,9 attempt+ to classify ! great array ( ,/af=d%ire figures & gr\ps1 ext5d+ ov] a p]iod ( a c5tury & a half1 no little difficulty has be5 exp]i5c$4 ,! numb] ( unm>k$ specim5s is v great1 & 9 _m cases1 ow+ to trade rivalry1 models 7 s ext5sively imitat$ t x is impossible to say :o 0 ! fir/ modell]4 ,^! ,/af=d%ire figures1 except 9 ! in/ances ( ! highe/ modell+ & re/ra9$ "u-glaze col\r+ ( ! be/ p]iod1 _c be reg>d$ z c]amic triumphs4 ,b !y are highly valuable1 al?\gh n f an arti/ic po9t ( view1 z illu/rative ( ! "* ( ! common folk 9 ,engl&1 & exemplify+ _! ta/es & _! s5tim5ts4 ,ornam5t1 ev5 9 ! humble/ articles ( daily use1 has its mean+ & c tell its /ory1 to ^? :o read aright1 ( ! feel+ ( ! man :o produc$ x2 :e!r he took a pleasure 9 mak+ ! article1 or :e!r he 0 a ma*9e1 human or o!r1 produc+ only a ?9 e*o ( art4 ,practically x may be ass]t$ t f middle eighte5?-c5tury days to middle n9ete5?-c5tury days c]amic art 0 /eadily det]iorat+4 ,appli$ art _h practically ceas$ to exi/ 9 ! e>ly n9ete5? c5tury4 ,x is said t m5's eyes 7 fir/ op5$ to ?is fact by ! cumulative hide\sness ( ! ,great ,exhibition ( #ahea1 & c]ta9ly a p]usal ( ! illu/rat$ catalogue ( t ,exhibition is a sadd5+ occupation4 ,9 ! /udy ( ! *9a %elf ?is decad5ce mu/ always be consid]$1 & x is fully borne out by a close /udy ( ! subject ( ,/af=d%ire figures4 ,practically1 ! crude agate cat & ! little mannik9 ( e>ly days play+ bagpipes f\nd replicas 9 crudity & pov]ty ( inv5tion 9 ! spott$ poodle dog or ! kilt$ ,scotsman1 ! common cottage ornam5ts ( a c5tury lat]4 ,& betwe5 ^! two dates1 ) ! exception ( an outbur/ :i* promis$ to develop into some?+ really great & almo/ did s1 !re 01 ow+ to want ( arti/ic in/9ct & g5]al lack ( culture1 a fairly rapid deg5]ation into ! hide\s nightm>e ( ! ,toby jug & all ! awful insul>ities ( ! late ,/af=d%ire p]iod4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/af=d%ire ,,figure ,,( ,,eloqu5ce4 7,sometimes kn[n z ,/4 ,paul ,prea*+ at ,a!ns47 ,9 col\r$ e>!nw>e4 7,height #ah in*es47 ,simil> to figure 9 ,s*reib] ,collection by ,eno* ,wood4 7,9 ! collection ( ,col4 & ,mrs4 ,dickson47 ,e>ly ,p]iod 7#afge-agbe74--,! me?od ( slip decoration has already be5 describ$1 & to ?is p]iod1 :5 ,t(t & 8 s*ool _h implant$ _! qua9t & orig9al ta/e ^u ! common p1 ^! e>ly figures belong4 ,among ! be/-kn[n figures ( ?is e>ly date are small ,cats ( /onew>e or e>!nw>e body1 coat$ ) :ite & ornam5t$ ) spots 9 br[n slip4 ,ducks are sometimes f\nd simil>ly ornam5t$ 9 spots & wavy l9es4 ,^! figures are only #c in*es 9 height4 ,to ^! days belong ! solid agate ,cats made ( two or ?ree clays ( diff]5t col\rs int]m+l$1 & highly glaz$4 ,^! are "s #e or #f in*es 9 height4 ,we give an illu/ration ( ?is type ( w>e 7p4 #aga74 ,be>s 9 agate w>e ! same nature1 & small figures ( doll-l individuals are also f\nd4 ,! eld] ,a/bury 7#agcf-agdc7 has be5 cr$it$ ) a s]ies ( figures ( m51 "s #f in*es 9 height1 play+ bagpipes or o!r in/rum5ts4 ,!y are spla%$ ) gre5 & br[n1 & h yell[ slip ornam5t1 _! lead glaz+ is w>m & ri*4 ,! beady eyes ( "s ( ^! t9y figures is sugge/ive ( ! ,t(t slip appli$ figure on "s ( 8 di%es1 & 0 produc$ by ! use ( manganese4 ,among e>ly figures ^? ( salt-glaze are r>e & ( exceptional int]e/1 & ! figure illu/rat$ 7p4 #cea71 /&s z a typical example ( a class n frequ5tly met )1 & highly priz$ by collectors4 ,we h se5 9 ! *apt] deal+ ) ,:ieldon & 8 influ5ce t he comm5c$ pott+ be=e #agdj & cont9u$ till #aghj1 & al?\gh none ( 8 figures is m>k$ x is tol]ably c]ta9 t he produc$ "s f9e "w 9 :i* he introduc$ ! beautiful tortoise%ell glaz+s1 :i* *>act]i/ic is f\nd on figures attribut$ to him4 ,obvi\sly ov] a p]iod ( ne>ly half a c5tury ,:ieldon w>e v>ies 9 quality4 ,! foll[+ class ( figures may be attribut$ to ! e>ly ,:ieldon p]iod1 t is1 be=e #agfj4 ,actor1 ) turban & fl[+ mantle1 h& re/+ on dagg]2 tortoise%ell w>e1 br[n & gre5 glaz+2 height1 #e-a_/b in*es4 ,diana1 ) dog1 on squ>e holl[ p$e/al made ( buff clay2 br[n & grey glaz+s1 eyes ( br[n clay2 height1 #g in*es4 ,v5us1 ) b[1 on irregul> base1 eyes br[n clay2 height1 #e-a_/b in*es4 ,figure ( ,sph9x1 col\r$ ) br[n & gre5 glaz+s2 height1 #c-a_/b in*es4 ,monkey1 eyes1 black2 height1 #d in*es4 ,o!r animals1 su* z ,lion1 height1 #c-a_/d in*es2 ,squirrel1 height1 #g in*es2 ,cock1 height1 #g-a_/d in*es2 ,c[1 9 =m ( small jug ) woman milk+1 height1 #e-a_/b in*es2 ,dog1 ) br[n glaz+1 height1 #c-c_/d in*es4 ,o!r figures ( ?is e>ly p]iod are ,summ] & ,w9t]1 ea* #d-a_/b in*es high2 sauceboats 9 =m ( ,duck & ,drake1 col\r$ glaz+s1 height1 #d-a_/b in*es4 7,we h illu/rat$ sev]al types ( ^! figures1 pp4 #aga1 #age74 ,! ,be/ ,p]iod 7#agce-agfj74--,?is is kn[n to collectors z ! ,wood ,s*ool4 ,briefly1 ! hi/ory ( ! ,wood family is z foll[s1 & w be ( int]e/ to collectors ( ,/af=d%ire figures4 ,s /rong & orig9al is ! "w ( ! modell] ,ralph ,wood ! eld]1 t connoisseurs recognise ! class ( face 9 8 "w4 ,a>on ,wood & ,ralph ,wood 7 ! sons ( ! old ,ralph ,wood1 a mill]4 ,!y 7 bo? modell]s ( di/9ction4 ,a>on is ma9ly kn[n z a block-cutt] ( salt-glaze m\lds4 ,ralph ,wood 7#agej-aggb7 made figures & o!r ru/ic gr\ps at 8 own factory at ,burslem4 ,8 models are /raight=w>d & homely & /rongly ,engli%1 n greatly influ5c$ by any extrane\s classic models4 ,he modell$ ! celebrat$ ,vic> & ,moses1 :i* = qua9t hum\r is inimitable4 ,x has be5 copi$ by all ! pott]s1 & mu* ( its /r5g? & simplicity ( modell+ has be5 lo/1 :ile its re/ra9t 9 col\r+ disappe>$ 9 ! copies ^u :i* enamel col\rs 7 lavi%ly laid4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,/af=d%ire ,,gr\p1 ,,bac*us ,,& ,,ariadne4 ,by ,,eno* ,,wood4 ,enamell$ 9 col\rs4 7,height #bd in*es47 7,9 ! collection ( ,col4 & ,mrs4 ,dickson47 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,/af=d%ire ,,e>!nw>e ,,figures4 ,,adonis 7aft] ! antique74 7,height #bc in*es47 ,,v5us4 7,height #bd in*es47 7,9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,s4 ,g4 ,f5ton47 ,!re 0 a /rong ,quak] elem5t 9 ,/af=d%ire1 & ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur* 0 ! subject ( a good deal ( satire by ! pott]4 ,! ,p>son & ,cl]k return+ home aft] a c>\sal1 ,! ,ti! ,pig & o!r subjects exemplify ?is4 ,field+ publi%$ ,joseph ,&rews 9 #agdb1 & x appe>s t p>son-bait+ 0 a famili> =m ( amusem5t4 ,probably !re 7 a good _m abuses 9 ! ,*ur* t 7 evid5t4 ,! hunt+ p>son 0 (t5 ! boon companion ( ! dr9k+ squire4 ,at any rate ! ,ralph ,wood gr\p1 entitl$ ,! ,vic> & ,moses1#f %[+ ! sleep+ vic>1 ) full-bottom$ wig1 & ,moses1 ! cl]k1 seat$ und]nea? ! pulpit exhort+ ! congregation ) uplift$ h&1 is a ma/]ly piece ( modell+4 ,9 col\r ! orig9al ,ralph ,wood examples are light purpli% ?robb+ br[n 9 ! pulpit & desk1 & c>v$ *]ubs1 gre5 9 ! canopy beh9d ! vic>1 & :o has a :ite cassock1 & ! coat ( ,moses is a slatey blue4 ,! fle% t9ts are l[ 9 tone4 ,note3 #f ,see col\r$ ,frontispiece4 ,to return to ,a>on ,wood1 ! bro!r ( ,ralph ,wood1 he 0 ! fa!r ( ,william ,wood1 :o became "o ( ,w$gwood's modell]s1 & ( ,eno* ,wood1 :o w5t to ,palm] z modell] = "s ye>s4 ,9 #aghd ,eno* ,wood comm5c$ bus9ess = himself4 ,he produc$ cream w>e & black basalt &1 :at mo/ int]e/s u "h1 he made "s excell5t figures1 includ+ a bu/ ( ,john ,wesley4 ,9 #agij he ent]$ into p>tn]%ip ) ,james ,caldwell4 ,! w>e is m>k$ ,wood & ,caldwell till #ahah1 :5 ! firm became ,eno* ,wood & ,sons1 till #ahff4 ,9 reg>d to ,ralph ,wood1 ! eld]1 he appe>s to h engag$ 8 son 9 8 pott]y1 s t prior to 8 dea?1 9 #aggb1 we d n "k :i* ,ralph ,wood modell$ "s ( ! figures2 b f #aggb to #agig ,ralph ,wood1 junior1 0 responsible = ! factory1 & !re seems to h be5 bus9ess connection1 ab\t #aghf1 betwe5 him & 8 c\s9 ,eno* ,wood4 ,conc]n+ ! figures ( ,ralph ,wood1 fa!r & son1 x may be said t !y 7 ! fir/ to impress _! names ^u ,/af=d%ire figures4 ,"s ( ! pieces are m>k$ ) impress$ m>k ,r4 ,,wood1 ,,ra ,,wood1 ,,burslem 7impress$ on ,vic> & ,moses74 ,?is m>k is f\nd on "s ( ! f9e/ & e>lie/ ,toby jugs4 ,x is believ$1 ?\gh n prov$1 t ,,ra ,,wood is ! m>k adopt$ by ,ralph ,wood1 junior4 ,t ! ,woods reflect$ ,engli% feel+ & s5tim5t & did n g to ! classics = _! inspiration is %[n by _! f9e model ( ,hudibras ^u 8 horse1 9 ! act ( draw+ 8 sword4 ,! tr5*ant blade1 ,tol$o tru/y1 ,= want ( fight+ 0 gr[n ru/y1 ,& ate into itself1 = lack ,( "s body to hew & hack4 ,! horse ( ,hudibras is z fam$ 9 /ory z ,ros9ante1 ! fam\s *>g] ( ,don ,quixote1 & 9 f9e satire ,butl] enum]ates 8 po9ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bu/ ,,( ,,bonap>te4 ,col\r$ e>!nw>e4 ,by ,,eno* ,,wood4 7,height #i-a_/b in*es47 7,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,rob]t ,bruce ,wallis47 ,illu/ration3 ,,bu/ ,,( ,,alex&]1 ,,cz> ,,( ,,russia4 ,col\r$ e>!nw>e4 ,by ,,wood ,,caldwell4 7,9 ! collection ( ,col4 & ,mrs4 ,dickson47 ,x is n too mu* to av] t1 if x 7 n kn[n t ! ,wood model bore ! title ,hudibras1 ! s\rce ( inspiration w\ld g unkn[n4 ,simil>ly x may n be impossible1 s9ce no title appe>s on ! fam\s ,toby ,philpot jug1 t x may be d]iv$ f ! "* ( ,uncle ,toby 9 ,/]ne's ,tri/ram ,%&y1 :i* 0 publi%$ 9 n9e volumes f #agei to #agfg4 ,! type ( blunt1 jovial1 rubicund ,engli%man 0 beg9n+ to become z pron\nc$ 9 ,bunbury & o!r c>icaturi/s z x became lat] on ! *9a %elf4 ,among o!r noticeable figures ( ! ,ralph ,wood p]iod ! pair ( figures are ! ,haymak]s1 sep>ate figures 7#g-a_/b in*es high ea*1 impress$ ,r4 ,,wood71 a y\? & maid5 lean+ aga9/ tree trunks4 ,a bu/ ( ,milton1 cream w>e1 uncol\r$1 is impress$ ,,ra4 ,,wood1 ,,burslem2 height1 #i in*es4 ,old ,age is repres5t$ by a ru/ic figure ( an old man lean+ ^u a /ick & a crut*4 ,neptune & ,v5us & ,apollo betray ! contempor>y classic influ5ce4 ,9 exam9+ ! figures ( ! eld] ,ralph ,wood !y w be f\nd 9 p>ts1 ?\gh h>dly p]ceptible1 to be unglaz$4 ,?is is ow+ to ! fact t he appli$ 8 glaze ) a bru%4 ,9 ! figures ( ! be/ p]iod ! col\r+ is extremely delicate1 & ! fle% t9ts d n approa* ! rosy p9k associat$ ) o!r figure "w4 ,x is difficult to describe !m1 b !y approximate to a biscuit-col\r$ grey4 ,b !re are ! usual exceptions to all rules4 ,9 "o case 9 p>ticul> ! col\r+ is m pron\nc$--! bu/ ( ,h&el1 :o di$ 9 #agei4 ,x is m>k$ ,,ra4 ,,wood4 ,x is f9ely modell$ & bright 9 col\r+4 ,a figure ( a ,cock1 m>k$ ,r4 ,,wood1 is illu/rat$ 7p4 #cea74 ,x is #h in*es 9 height4 ,! body is light 9 col\r1 ) light & d>k br[n decoration ab\t ! neck4 ,! w+s are yell[1 ) br[n /ripes1 ! tail br[n & d>k-blue enamel col\rs4 ,legs d>k br[n & gre5 & spla%$ base4 ,?is specim5 is 9 "o piece1 n hav+ any jo9t at neck4 ,! f9e col\r$ l>ge figure 7#ah in*es 9 height7 ( ,eloqu5ce1 kn[n also z ,/4 ,paul prea*+ at ,a!ns1 is by ,eno* ,wood1 aft] a model by ,sir ,h4 ,*e]e4 ,!re is a simil> figure 9 ! ,s*reib] ,collection at ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum4 ,b x mu/ be admitt$ t "s ( ^! l>ge figures be> a /rong resemblance 9 te*nique & modell+ to ^? ( ,w$gwood4 ,! ,bac*us & ,ariadne gr\p 0 mo/ c]ta9ly reproduc$ by ,eno* ,wood1 :o sign$ x4 ,s t ! difficulty 9 su* cases ( det]m9+ :i* 0 ! orig9al model becomes v great4 ,! ,classic ,p]iod 7#agfj-aghe74--;,x appe>s t ,josiah ,w$gwood1 :5 "u ! influ5ce ( ,:ieldon & be=e he emb>k$ ^u 8 classic ornam5tation "u ! guidance ( ,b5tley1 modell$ "s v f9e figures :i* are unm>k$1 b exhibit consid]able /r5g? & beauty4 ,!re are ?ree figures1 ,fai?1 ,hope1 & ,*>ity1 9 date ab\t #aggj1 9 ! ,willett ,collection m>k$ ,w$gwood4 ,o!r figures are ! l>ge ones ( ,=titude & ,prud5ce 7height #ba in*es74 ,b ^! symboli/ic figures betray ! classic influ5ce4 ,!y are magnific5t pieces ( modell+4 ,!n !re is ! f9e gr\p ( ,bac*us & ,ariadne1 ! same height4 ,! specim5 at ! ,briti% ,museum is cream col\r1 b lat] imitators adopt$ ! same modell+ & add$ col\r to ! decoration4 ,a copy ( ?is gr\p s treat$1 possibly by ,eno* ,wood1 is illu/rat$ 7p4 #cfc74 ,o!r bu/s ( ,w$gwood 9 col\r$ cream w>e ( ,voltaire & ,r\sseau w be f\nd illu/rat$ on p4 #bcc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/af=d%ire ,,e>!nw>e ,,figure ,,( ,,fal/aff4 ,%ield decorat$ 9 silv] lu/re4 ,m>k$ ,,wood ,,caldwell4 7,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,f4 ,w4 ,philips1 ,hit*947 ,illu/ration3 ,,d]by ,,porcela9 ,,figure ,,( ,,fal/aff4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*elsea ,,porcela9 ,,figure ,,( ,,fal/aff4 ,neale ,co4 betray classic influ5ce 9 mu* ( _! "w1 & z ,voyez1 ! ,fr5*man1 0 _! modell]1 ?is is n h>d to und]/&4 ,among _! well-kn[n figures are ,flora 7#ab-a_/b in*es high7 & ,diana 7#e in*es high71 & !y 7 l>ge mak]s ( ,toby jugs4 ,we give an illu/ration 7p4 #cee7 ( a gr\p ( f9ely modell$ w>e by ,neale ,co41 includ+ a ,toby jug copi$ f ! ,ralph ,wood model & impress$ ,,naele ,,co41 & ! famili> gr\p ( ! ,p>son & ,cl]k copi$ by !m aft] ! well-kn[n ,*elsea-,d]by porcela9 model ( ! same subject1 & reproduc$ z an e>!nw>e gr\p by _m o!r ,/af=d%ire pott]s4 ,x is (t5 attribut$ to ,ralph ,wood ! y\ng]4 ,x is int]e/+ to comp>e ! ,m9]va ) ! ,diana illu/rat$ above4 ,! same classic _s 0 ! inspiration ( ! two modell]s1 & 9 ! case ( unm>k$ classic figures !re always exi/s consid]able difficulty 9 def9itely assign+ _! orig94 ,9 reg>d to all ^! col\r$ ,/af=d%ire figures x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t1 until well t[>ds ! close ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 !y 7 col\r$ by ! use ( pigm5ts "u ! glaze1 :i* gave a l[-ton$ effect ( v delicate "*4 ,lat]1 enamel col\rs 7 us$ ) lurid effect1 & mu* ( ! beauty ( ! old s*ool vani%$4 ,eno* ,wood 7#aghc-ahdj71 ,wood & ,caldwell 7#agij-ahah74--,( ?is s*ool !re are sev]al f9e examples4 ,!re is no d\bt t ! ease ) :i* classic prototypes c\ld be copi$ & porcela9 figures imitat$ began to tell ^u ! orig9ality ( mo/ ( ! modell]s4 ,! ,bac*us & ,ariadne 7illu/rat$ p4 #cfc71 ) ! v9e leaf wrea?s 9 gre5 ar\nd ! heads & ! f9ely col\r$ drap]y1 is by ,eno* ,wood4 ,!re is a specim5 9 a private collection at ,eccles sign$ ,e4 ,,wood1 ,sculp4 & ,,hewitt ,p9xt4 7! height ( ?is example is #bg in*es71 9 spite ( ! simil> uncol\r$ gr\p at ! ,briti% ,museum m>k$ ,w$gwood4 ,eno* ,wood is be/ kn[n = 8 portrait bu/s ( ,john ,wesley & ( ,george ,:itfield4 ,! =m] :o /ay$ at 8 h\se 9 ! ,pott]ies sat = ?is bu/1 :i* is a f9e piece ( portraiture4 ,?is is m>k$ ,e4 ,,wood1 & sometimes ,,eno* ,,wood1 ,sculp41 ,burslem #agha4 ,george ,:itfield 0 probably modell$ at a lat] date4 ,!re is a f9e eque/rian /atuette ( ,/4 ,george & ! ,dragon1 sometimes sign$ ,e4 ,wood1 simil> 9 modell+ to ! ,:ieldon mottl$ tortoise%ell col\r$ specim5 7illu/rat$ p4 #age74 ,!re are o!r bu/s by ,eno* ,wood :i* are notewor?y4 ,!re is ! f9e bu/ ( ,bonap>te z ,fir/ ,consul 9 col\r$ e>!nw>e1 ) blue coat ) yell[ bord]1 & hav+ m>bl$ base4 ,! height ( ?is is #i-a_/b in*es1 & x is m>k$ ,e4 ,,wood4 ,?is is 9 date ab\t #ahjb4 ,a bu/ ( ,alex&] ,i4 ( ,russia1 9 highly col\r$ e>!nw>e1 9 milit>y co/ume1 m>k$ ,,wood ,,caldwell4 ,! date ( ?is is lat] ?an ! ,bonap>te1 an inscription on ! back on "s examples runs ,alex&] ,aet4 #ce4 ,mosc[ burnt4 ,europe pres]v$ #ahab4 ,ano!r well-kn[n figure by ,wood & ,caldwell is ! figure ( ,qu9 z ,fal/aff4 ,by ! illu/rations we h giv5 7p4 #cga7 x w be se5 t ?is model 0 9 direct imitation ( ! simil> figures 9 porcela9 at ,d]by & ,*elsea4 ,! col\r+ is diff]5t1 ! %ield is silv] lu/re1 ! co/ume consi/s ( r$ bree*es1 /rip$ yell[ & :ite surt\t2 b ^! col\rs are a feeble imitation ( ! f9] enamel "w on ! *9a models f :i* !y h be5 copi$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/af=d%ire ,,figure4 7,ab\t #agij47 ,decorat$ & refir$ by ,absolon1 ( ,y>m\?4 ,,base ,,( ,,figure4 7,enl>g$47 ,%[+ pa9t$ m>k ,absolon ,y>m4 7,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,f4 ,i4 ,burwood47 ,! gr\p ( ,toby ,jugs illu/rat$ 7p4 #chc71 exhibit ! be/ kn[n models ( a mu* collect$ v>iety ( e>!nw>e4 ,^! examples are collectors' specim5s1 b lat] models may be said to be l-- ,! gr& old "n ( g5tleman1 ,defam$ by e *>latan1 ,& soil'd ) all ignoble use4 ,t x 0 n infrequ5t to take a model bodily f ,engli% porcela9 is %[n by ! gr\p entitl$ ! ,bir? ( ,v5us1 :i* is tak5 f a ,plym\? gr\p ( ! same subject 7illu/rat$ p4 #cee71 ?is app>5tly belongs to ! ,eno* ,wood p]iod4 ,9 ! figures ( *ildr5 we illu/rate p4 #chg1 ! figures ( ,fl[] ,boys1 "s #d-a_/b in*es high1 are evid5tly inspir$ by "s ( ! ,*elsea-,d]by figures :i* 9 _! turn 7 "u /rong ,fr5* influ5ce4 ,! middle figure ( ! trio is "o ( a pair by ,wood & ,caldwell4 ,! figure ( ,cupid above is a f9e specim51 /&+ #ag-a_/b in*es 9 height4 ,cupid is fully arm$ ) 8 deadly b[ & arr[1 :i* by ! way are decorat$ 9 silv] lu/re1 sugge/ive ( ! ,fal/aff %ield ( ,wood & ,caldwell1 & at 8 feet are two lions cr\*+ 9 subjugation1 & he holds ! tor* ( ,hym5 9 8 h&4 ,?is is a rem>kably f9e modell$ figure repres5t+ ?is contempor>y =eign influ5ce ^u ,/af=d%ire figures at its be/4 ,9 reg>d to ! /rong classic influ5ce ! two figures 7illu/rat$ p4 #cfc7 are 9 :ite e>!nw>e4 ,t on ! left1 ( ,adonis1 is obvi\sly tak5 direct f ! antique1 :ile ! ,v5us is a f9e ,/af=d%ire adaptation ( a well-kn[n classic /atue 9 ! pose & 9 ! dolph9 by h] side4 ,! only t\* ( col\r is ! d>k5+ ( ! hair4 ,x is a magnific5t piece ( modell+ some?+ 9 ! nature ( ! classic art se5 ?r\gh ,fr5* eyes4 ,to f9d ?is 9 ,/af=d%ire is z ?\gh "o f\nd ,la ,s\rce ( ,+res 9 ! ,royal ,academy ( ! ye> #ahef4 ,! date ( ?is ,/af=d%ire ,v5us _c be /at$4 ,x is an important figure1 be+ #bd in*es 9 height & exhibits some?+ s /rik+ly reali/ic t x mu/ be assign$ a high place among ! figures4 ,we illu/rate a ,/af=d%ire figure belong+ to ?is p]iod1 :i* is sign$ ,absalon1 ,y>m\?4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 z 9 ! latt] days ( ,l[e/(t1 a factory t]m$ ,! ,ov5s at ,y>m\? c>ri$ on a decorat+ bus9ess1 receiv+ ! w>e f ,le$s & f ,/af=d%ire1 & decorat+ & refir+ x 9 ! glo/ ov54 ,! date ( ! figure illu/rat$ is ab\t #agij4 ,on "s ( ! pieces decorat$ by ,absalon1 ! "n ( ! ,/af=d%ire mak]1 ,turn]1 appe>s z an impress$ m>k4 ,turn]1 :o c>ri$ on an ext5sive trade ) ! ,baltic & ,nor!rn ,europe1 no d\bt readily came into t\* ) ^! ,ea/ ,anglian decorators4 ,illu/ration3 ,,girl ,,) ,,tamb\r9e4 ,col\r$ ,/af=d%ire figure4 ,illu/ration3 ,,col\r$ ,,/af=d%ire ,,figures4 ,,tamb\r9e ,,play] 7m>k$ ,,salt7 ,,& ,,musicians4 7,9 ! collection ( ,miss ,feild547 ,! ,decad5t ,p]iod 7#aghe-ahcj74--;,x is impossible to keep exactly to dates 9 any ( ^! p]iods ( r\gh classification4 ,b 9 g5]al ! lat] p]iod becomes m homely & a great numb] ( mantel ornam5ts ( a simple nature ) ru/ic subjects 7 made = ! homes ( cottag]s4 ,^! h trees z backgr\nd & are ,arcadian 9 subject4 ,!y are1 :5 9 ?is /yle1 ( ! f9nick+ s*ool ( ! ,*elsea %eph]ds & %eph]desses kn[n z ( ! boscage s*ool4 ,john ,walton 7#agij-ahci71 made a great _m figures 9 ?is mann]1 accompani$ by a lamb1 z well z a great numb] ( ,toby jugs4 ,ano!r pott] is ,ralph ,salt 7#ahab-ahdj71 ^: "n appe>s on ! little ,tamb\r9e ,play] 7p4 #cgi71 & probably ! ,musicians ( ! adjac5t gr\p are by him too4 ,a l>g] figure ( ! ,girl ) ,tamb\r9e above is ( ! same p]iod1 ?\gh its mak] _c be id5tifi$4 ,we illu/rate 7p4 #cia7 two lat] figures1 ,! ,fi%wife & ,"m ,goose4 ,bo? are well modell$1 & 7 evid5tly int5d$ to meet ! popul> ta/e4 ,! days ( gods & goddesses 7 ov]1 & figures & gr\ps beg9 to gr[ commonplace4 ,9 ,"m ,goose ! nurs]y rhyme is sub/itut$ = ! my?ology ( ! ,greeks4 ,among o!r names f\nd on ^! lat] figures are ,lak9 & ,poole1 ,dale 7m>k usually impress$ ,i4 ,,dale ,,burslem71 & ,edge & ,grocott1 :o made figures ( boys p>tly drap$ hold+ baskets ( fl[]s4 ,x is possible t !y made ! two outside figures ( ,fl[] ,boys 7illu/rat$ p4 #chg74 ,!re is to lov]s ( ! ultra-ae/hetic some?+ :i* appe>s to be trivial & insipid 9 ?is peasant pott]y ( ! lat] date4 ,b 9 spite ( its defects1 x holds1 to ^? :o read betwe5 ! l9es & c add t necess>y t\* ( human int]e/ to _! collect+1 a *>m on acc\nt ( its qua9tness4 ,^? :o h s\ght ^! old cottage treasures high & l[ & secur$ f f>-away habitations snug 9 ! hills or lone huts on ! wolds1 or f ! dim-lit cab9s ( fi%] folk ^! relics ( byegone days1 read into _! newly acquir$ possessions some?+ ( ! life hi/ory 9 _! old environm5t1 ly+ p]du ^! _m ye>s1 p]*$ al(t on ! high mantel or hidd5 9 ! cupbo>d recess sil5tly li/5+ to ! old tales ( ! /range m5 & wom5 :o live ap>t f ! hum ( cities4 ,*elsea we "k1 ,d]by we "k1 ,b[ we "k1 ) _! da9ty *9a %eph]desses m9d+ impossible %eep1 & ) gallants pr9k$ out 9 all ! col\rs ( ! humm+-bird4 ,^! 7 ! trifles 9 porcela9 t my de> ,lady ,disda9 9 a waft ( b]gamot set ap>t 9 h] glaz$ case by ,%]aton4 ,9 ! days ( pa9t & pat* & ( ! revels at ,vauxhall & ,ranelagh1 virtuosos dr[sily pass$ comm5t on my lady's late/ acquisition j to please h] pass+ :im & wean h] f ! vap\rs4 ,^! e>!nw>e figures 9 homespun hose & russet br[n sugge/ ! old _w nooks ( o!r days4 ,give ,*elsea & ,b[ to ! t[n4 ,?is homely art ( ,/af=d%ire became ,engli% aft] all4 ,x 0 f\nd 9 ?at*$ cottages ) brea? ( ?yme & bees t hum4 ,^! boscage %eph]ds & %eph]desses1 ^! ru/ic musicians1 lu/y po/-boys1 & ! family ( ,toby ,philpots1 f\nd k9%ip 9 ! mill] & ! f>m]1 ! h]dsman & ! milkmaid1 ! gamekeep] & ! woodman1 ! o/l] & ! waggon]--simple1 k9d-he>t$ folk1 ! *ildr5 ( nature uncloy$ by ! subtleties ( art4 ,r$-*eek$ lasses & wr9kl$ crook-back$ old dames1 "m & daught] & gr&daught]1 toil]s & suff]]s1 :o *ose ! w>m we/ w9d[ seat 9 ! sun & ! +le nook by ! fireside--^! 7 ! :ilom own]s ( ! old ,/af=d%ire figures4 ,someh[1 nor is ! fancy a fooli% "o1 "o likes to associate ^! dim9utive figures ) ! old g>d5s ( ,engl& set 9 sweet places :]e "o ,c wat* ! sunlight fall ,a?w>t ! ivi$ or*>d wall2 ,or pause to cat* ! cuckoo's call ,beyond ! bee*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,( ,,f9ely ,,col\r$ ,,toby ,,jugs4 7,date #agij-ahaj47 7,9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,s4 ,g4 ,f5ton47 ,!re seems to be some?+ add$ to old ,/af=d%ire figures :i* h /eep$ !mselves 9 somnol5t repose ^! _m ye>s till !y h become inve/$ ) a subtle human int]e/ n easily disassociat$ f !m4 ,! squire _h 8 s]vices ( ,worce/] & ( ,cr[n-,d]by1 & ! nobleman relegat$ 8 cases ( f9e porcela9 to ! c>e ( 8 h\sekeep]1 to du/ & to safegu>d till he came aga9 to hunt & to %oot4 ,b ! cottag]'s ,/af=d%ire figures 7 lov+ly h&l$ :5 ! good wife furbi%$ up h] brass c&le/icks1 & !y ins5sibly became "p ( ! environm5t ( ! cottage home4 ,"h1 !n1 is ! key to ! *>m & magic :i* goes to ! collect+ ( old ,/af=d%ire figures1 ev5 ( ! decad5t p]iod4 ,!re is )9 !m & ar\nd !m & ab\t !m some?+ r$ol5t ( a /urdy peasantry1 some?+ sad1 some?+ t+$ ) autumn days & autumn mi/s because !y belong to days t h fad$1 & almo/ to a race t is ext9ct4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cupid ,l>ge col\r$ ,/af=d%ire figure4 7,height #ag-a_/b in*es47 ,b[ & arr[ 9 silv] lu/re4 7,9 ! collection ( ,miss ,feild547 ,illu/ration3 ,,col\r$ ,,/af=d%ire ,,figures ,,( ,,fl[] ,,boys4 ,pair #d-a_/b in*es4 ,c5tre figure "o ( pair by ,,wood ,,caldwell4 7,9 ! collection ( ,miss ,feild547 ,,prices4 ,,le$s ,,figures4 s4 d4 ,pair ( ,le$s cream-w>e ,figures ( ,musicians1 ,y\? & ,girl2 r>e4 ,m>k$ ,le$s ,pott]y4 ,so!by1 ,novemb]1 #aijd #f #f #j ,,/af=d%ire ,,figures4 ,gr\p ( ,madonna & ,*ild 7probably ,w$gwood71 illu/rat$ 9 ,engli% ,e>!nw>e 7,pr(essor ,*ur*74 ,so!by1 ,febru>y1 #aijf #h #j #j ,/af=d%ire ,models ( ,cottages 7"s porcela971 encru/$ ) fl[]s4 ,*ri/ie1 ,janu>y1 #aijf 7#ei models74 #ca #aj #j ,vic> & ,moses1 gr\p1 decorat$ 9 transluc5t col\rs4 ,so!by1 ,june #aijf #ce #aj #j ,vic> & ,moses1 gr\p1 decorat$ 9 transluc5t col\rs4 ,so!by1 ,novemb]1 #aijf #h #aj #j ,bac*us & ,ariadne1 l>ge2 br[n glaze2 #be 94 high4 ,*ri/ie1 ,novemb]1 #aijf #ac #b #f ,toby ,philpot jugs 7f\r male & "o female71 grotesque models4 ,*ri/ie1 ,novemb]1 #aijf #cj #i #j ,fal/aff1 two examples1 on pl9?s1 encru/$ ) fl[]s2 #i 94 high4 ,*ri/ie1 ,novemb]1 #aijf #e #ae #f ,elijah1 ,! ,wid[1 & ,virg9 & ,*ild2 ?ree figures4 ,puttick & ,simpson1 ,m>*1 #aijg #c #ab #f ,bu/s ( ,milton & ,h&el1 impress$ m>k1 ,ra ,wood ,burslem2 :ite3 #i 94 high4 ,so!by1 ,july1 #aijg #f #j #j ,figure ( ,gamekeep]3 :ite2 #h-a_/b 94 high4 ,so!by1 ,july1 #aijg #b #j #j ,figure ( ,lo/ ,%eep2 :ite2 #h-c_/d 94 high4 ,so!by1 ,july1 #aijg #b #ah #j ,figure ( ,girl ,haymak]2 :ite2 #g-c_/d 94 high4 ,so!by1 ,july1 #aijg #c #j #j ,figures1 ,*auc] & ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 decorat$ 9 col\rs2 m>k$ ,ra ,wood2 impress$ ,burslem4 #ab-a_/b 94 high4 ,so!by1 #aijg #ab #aj #j ,figures1 ,cobbl] & 8 ,wife1 pair1 l>ge1 seat$2 #ab-a_/b 94 high4 ,*ri/ie1 ,janu>y1 #aijh #ac #b #f ,figures1 recl9+1 ,cleopatra1 #h-a_/b 94 high1 & ,antony1 #h 94 high4 ,*ri/ie1 ,janu>y1 #aijh #ad #ad #j ,bac*us & ,ariadne1 #be 94 high2 ,female1 hold+ dove1 #be 94 high4 ,*ri/ie1 ,janu>y1 #aijh #af #af #j ,figures1 pair1 ,boy & ,girl h>ve/+1 squ>e base1 "o m>k$ ,r4 ,wood4 ,so!by1 ,may1 #aijh #aj #e #j ,vic> & ,moses1 9 ,:ieldon col\rs 7attribut$ to ,r4 ,wood71 yell[1 gre51 br[n1 manganese purple1 c4 ,so!by1 ,may1 #aijh #ae #j #j ,%eph]d & ,%eph]dess1 seat$1 ) dog1 lamb1 & goat2 %eph]d play+ flute2 ,:ieldon col\r+ 7attribut$ to ,r4 ,wood74 ,so!by1 ,may1 #aijh #ab #j #j ,/4 ,george & ,dragon 9 ,:ieldon col\r+ 7attribut$ to ,ralph ,wood7 ,so!by1 ,may1 #aijh #ad #j #j ,toby ,jug1 repres5t+ man seat$ ) jug on knee 7attribut$ to ,r4 ,wood74 ,so!by1 ,may1 #aijh #f #f #j ,illu/ration3 ,,figure ,,( ,,fi%wife4 7,late ,/af=d%ire47 7,9 ! collection ( ,miss ,feild547 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure ,,( ,,"m ,,goose4 7,/af=d%ire1 e>ly n9ete5? c5tury47 7,9 ! collection ( ! ,au?or47 ,,xii ,,swansea ,,& ,,o!r ,,factories ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,swansea ,,& ,,o!r ,,factories ,swansea--,! ,cambrian ,pott]y--,opaque *9a--,etruscan ,w>e--,l[esby ,pott]y 7,leice/]%ire7--,liv]pool1 ,h]culaneum 7#agid-ahda7--;,bri/ol1 ,joseph ,r+ 7#aghd-ahbe7--;,caughley or ,salopian 7#agea-agge7--;,d]by1 ,john & ,*ri/oph] ,hea? 7#ageh-aghj7--;,islewor?1 ,%ore ,g\ld+ 7#agfj-ahcj7--,m>ks--,prices4 ,und\bt$ly ! e>!nw>e productions at ,swansea are ( a high arti/ic ord]4 ,= a c5tury1 f #agfh to ab\t #ahgj1 ! ,cambrian ,pott]y at ,swansea manufactur$ w>e be>+ v>i\s m>ks & compris+ a wide range ( examples4 ,dur+ "p ( ! "t a rival factory at ,glamorgan1 :i* exi/$ f #ahad1 to #ahci1 produc$ opaque *9a & cream w>e 9 common ) ,swansea4 ,practically ! hi/ory ( ! ,cambrian ,pott]y dates f #agij1 :5 ,george ,haynes b\ght ! factory4 ,f9e black basalt w>e 0 produc$4 ,!re are two recumb5t figures ( ,antony & ,cleopatra1 ! latt] 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum hav+ ! impress$ m>k ,,swansea1 & ! =m] 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,c4 ,f4 ,cox1 & m>k$ ) ! "n ( ! modell]1 ,g4 ,b5tley1 ,swansea1 #bb ,may1 #agia4 ,! l5g? ( ^! figures is #ab in*es4 ,two some:at simil> recumb5t figures ( ,antony & ,cleopatra 9 col\rs h be5 attribut$ to ,l[e/(t 7see ,l[e/(t ,*9a1 by ,w4 ,w4 ,r4 ,spelman1 ,j>rold ,sons1 ,norwi*1 #aije74 ,b ^! m prop]ly belong to ! ,/af=d%ire s*ool1 & are probably by ,neale & ,palm]4 ,"u-glaze blue-pr9t$ w>e1 notably will[ patt]n f ,caughley1 _h be5 made at ,swansea probably be=e ,haynes b\ght ! factory1 c]ta9ly n lat] ?an #agij1 :5 ,le$s comm5c$ simil> imitations ( ,turn]'s will[ patt]ns4 ,salt-glaz$ w>e1 "s m>k$ ,cambrian ,pott]y1 b mo/ly unm>k$1 0 made & decorat$ 9 enamel col\rs ) figure subjects1 l&scapes1 & fl[]s4 ,! transf]-pr9t$ w>e is ( great v>iety & is excell5tly f9i%$1 & comp>es v fav\rably ) ! be/ ( ! ,/af=d%ire cream w>e simil>ly decorat$1 or ) ! highe/ productions ( ,le$s 9 ! same mann]4 ,we illu/rate 7p4 #dje7 a gr\p ( v>i\s types ( transf]-pr9t$ w>e 9 black & br[n1 & blue "u-glaze transf]-pr9t+4 ,z w be notic$1 ! ,ori5tal influ5ce f ,caughley & ! *9a factories 0 v /rong1 b 9 ! pr9t ( ! %ip !re is some?+ sugge/ive ( ,liv]pool4 ,illu/ration3 ,,swansea ,,plates4 #a4 ,cream w>e1 rim pa9t$ 9 gre5 & violet ) v9e patt]n4 ,m>k impress$ ,,swansea4 #b4 ,e>!nw>e1 black transf]-pr9t$4 ,m>k impress$ ,,dillwyn ,,co4 ,,swansea4 7,9 ! ,royal ,scotti% ,museum1 ,ed9burgh47 ,illu/ration3 ,,set ,,( ,,f9ely ,,pa9t$ ,,swansea ,,bulb ,,pots4 7,9 ! collection ( ,col4 & ,mrs4 ,dickson47 ,a v f9e transf]-pr9t$ plate 9 black is illu/rat$ 7p4 #cig71 %[+ some?+ high] 9 engrav+ ?an ,/af=d%ire _h attempt$4 ,x /&s1 leav+ out ! delicate black transf]-pr9t+ done on ! ,worce/] porcela91 z an exceptionally arti/ic piece ( "w4 ,! adjac5t plate 9 ! illu/ration at once %[s ! s\rce ( its inspiration4 ,x foll[s "o ( ,w$gwood's ,que5's w>e patt]ns pa9t$ 9 gre5 & violet ( ! grape patt]n1 al?\gh x mu/ be admitt$ t ! ,swansea adaptation is ri*] ?an ! some:at ?9n] design f\nd on old ,w$gwood plates4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ features 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,swansea factory is ! introduction by ,haynes ( a w>e t]m$ opaque *9a1 :i* 0 9 reality a f9] & :it] k9d ( cream w>e1 & em95tly suitable = ! pa9t$ decorations by ,w4 ,w4 ,"y1 an arti/ f ! ,bri/ol factory1 :o pa9t$ f ab\t #ahjc to #ahjf1 fl[]s & butt]flies & %ells ) great fidelity4 ,he 0 foll[$ by ano!r arti/ ,?omas ,p>doe1 f ! ,d]by factory1 :o br\ght m poetry into 8 floral subjects4 ,ano!r arti/ nam$ ,evans pa9t$ fl[]-pieces ) almo/ equal beauty4 ,we illu/rate a f9e ,cambrian vase pa9t$ by ,p>doe1 & a ,swansea jug pa9t$ by ,evans 7p4 #dja74 ,!re is no d\bt t a v high /&>d ( pa9t+ on ! ,swansea w>e prevail$ dur+ ! be/ p]iod1 & ! illu/ration ( a set ( ?ree ,swansea-w>e bulb pots 7see p4 #cig7 %[s t l&scape pa9t]s ( no mean gifts 7 employ$4 ,x is ?is picturesque quality ( decoration 7dep5d5t 9 a great measure on ! fact t f #ahad to #ahbd porcela9 0 made too71 toge!r ) ! equally f9e quality ( ! w>e itself1 t has plac$ ,swansea well to ! front among ! collectors ( arti/ic e>!nw>e4 ,we h allud$ to ,haynes ! proprietor :o fir/ br\ght ! factory into prom95ce4 ,?is 0 9 #agij4 ,b 9 #ahjb x pass$ into ! h&s ( ,lewis ,we/on ,dillwyn1 & x 0 dur+ ?is p]iod t ,w4 ,w4 ,"y did ! "w we h allud$ to4 ,9 #ahag ! factory pass$ into ! h&s ( ! ,bev+tons1 & 9 #ahbd x aga9 came into ! possession ( ! ,dillwyn family1 :o held x till ab\t #ahej1 :5 ! firm 0 kn[n z ,evans & ,glasson1 & lat] z ,d4 ,j4 ,evans ,co4 until its close 9 #ahgj4 ,dur+ ?is long p]iod ! m>ks assum$ v>i\s *>act]s4 ,we h at ! end ( ?is *apt] giv5 mo/ ( ! m important to enable collectors to id5tify ! p]iod ( _! ,swansea w>e--:5 m>k$4 ,ano!r w>e greatly collect$ mu/ be allud$ to1 ( :i* an illu/ration is giv5 7p4 #dje74 ,?is ,etruscan w>e1 foll[+ ! e>ly example set by ,w$gwood1 0 an attempt to copy "s ( ! ,greek vases :i* 7 pa9t$ r$ on a black body4 ,9 ,dillwyn's ,etruscan ,w>e1 made only = ?ree ye>s f #ahdg to #ahej1 ! body 0 a w>m r$1 & ! design 0 impress$ !reon ei!r by means ( black transf]-pr9t+ or outl9e1 & ! backgr\nd 0 !n pa9t$ & ! classic figures height5$4 ,?is w>e is n always m>k$1 b :5 ! m>k appe>s x is 9 a scroll1 z giv5 9 ! li/ ( m>ks 7p4 #daf74 ,l[esby ,pott]y4--,!re is v little to be said ab\t ?is pott]y 9 ,leice/]%ire1 :i* 0 conduct$ "u ! auspices ( ,sir ,francis ,f[ke ab\t #ahce4 ,! m>k is always puzzl+ to collectors :i* is a fleur-de-lis ) ! "n ,l[esby1 bo? impress$4 ,! w>e usually made at ?is small pott]y 0 r$ t]ra cotta coat$ ) a dull black ^u :i* 7 fl[]s & butt]flies pa9t$ 9 bright enamel col\rs4 ,?is decoration 0 done else:]e1 probably 9 ,london4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cambrian ,,vase4 ,pa9t$ by ,p>doe4 7,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,a4 ,duncan47 ,illu/ration3 ,,swansea ,,jug4 ,pa9t$ by ,evans4 7,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,a4 ,duncan47 ,liv]pool4--,we h already allud$ to ! ,liv]pool delft1 b ! /ory ( ,liv]pool z a pott+ c5tre is n yet complete4 ,!re 01 ( c\rse1 ! enorm\s bus9ess 9 transf]-pr9t+ on ,/af=d%ire cream w>e e/abli%$ by ,sadl] & ,gre54 ,b !y made cream w>e !mselves z well z decorat$ x = o!rs4 ,cream w>e 0 produc$ at ! factories ( ,*aff]s1 ,b>nes1 ,p5n+ton1 & o!rs4 ,& at a date imm$iately prior to ! cream w>e1 ,%aw1 ( ,liv]pool1 _h made ,a/bury & ,:ieldon & salt-glaze w>es4 ,s t "h at once is a difficulty1 & a v great "o1 9 id5tify+ ) exactitude ! orig9 ( "s ( ^! w>es4 ,!re is a great deal yet to be discov]$ conc]n+ ! long l9e ( ,liv]pool factories1 & if only z mu* special att5tion _h be5 giv5 to ?is locality z has be5 giv5 to ! mu* small] factory ( ,l[e/(t1 orig9al rese>* might dis5tangle _m a c]amic puzzle4 ,w4 ,reid ,co4--,^! pott]s made arti/ic e>!nw>e f ab\t #aged to #agfj1 ano!r firm e/abli%$ by ,ri*>d ,abbey ab\t #agic cont9u$ till #agif to make cream w>e ( a high ord]4 ,?is pott]y1 b\ght by ,messrs4 ,wor?+ton1 0 nam$ ,h]culaneum ,pott]y4 ,! ,h]culaneum ,pott]y 7#agif-ahda74--;,at fir/1 :5 a b& ( ,/af=d%ire pott]s came ov] to ! new works1 /onew>e & black & r$ unglaz$ w>e 9 ! ,w$gwood mann] 7 made4 ,lat] a consid]able am\nt ( cream w>e ( pleas+ "* 0 turn$ out4 ,! v>i\s m>ks f\nd on ! w>e ( ?is factory are giv5 at ! end ( ?is *apt]4 ,%ortly aft] ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury porcela9 0 made "h1 & "s ( ! examples are ( a v high quality bo? 9 pott+ & 9 decoration4 ,f #ahcf to #ahda ! proprietors 7 ,messrs4 ,close1 ,mort ,co4 ,until m facts come to light & tra9$ rese>* is appli$ to all classes ( ,liv]pool w>e no?+ def9itely c be /at$4 ,b x is c]ta9 t "s ( ! ,liv]pool w>e is s f9e 9 "* z ev5 to confuse old collectors :o h nev] se5 specim5s be=e4 ,we illu/rate a ,liv]pool plate 7p4 #dji7 ) ! usual ,ori5tal design1 & hav+ no special feature ab\t x :i* _m ano!r factory c\ld n h produc$4 ,its blue is f9e & its pott+ is excell5t1 b x is n exceptional4 ,! illu/ration beside x 7p4 #dji7 is ( an e>!nw>e mug "s #e in*es 9 height :i* und\bt$ly is a puzzle to exp]ts4 ,! exquisitely-pa9t$ exotic birds 9 ri* col\r+ are n less p]fect ?an ^? pa9t$ on ,worce/] vases or on ,*elsea di%es4 ,inde$1 x seems to %[ v /rong traces ( ! /yle ( ,worce/] pa9t+4 ,"o is incl9$ to attribute x to ,liv]pool ) ! proviso t x mu/ h be5 pa9t$ by "s arti/ :o _h be5 tra9$ at ,worce/]4 ,x w ?us be se5 by ?is case t 9 unm>k$ e>!nw>e !re are exceptional difficulties 9 correctly plac+ examples :]e s mu* cream w>e 0 made n v dissimil> 9 "*1 & :]e arti/s1 z we h se5 at ,swansea1 came ov] f o!r factories1 app>5tly to ! conf\ndm5t ( ! pres5t-day collector4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,( ,,swansea ,,w>e4 ,transf]-pr9t$ 9 blue1 black1 & br[n4 7,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,a4 ,duncan47 ,illu/ration3 ,,dillwyn',s ,,etruscan ,,w>e4 ,,vase4 ,) ,w>riors 9 ,*>iot & ,pegasus4 7,height #ad in*es47 ,,tazza4 ,) ,danc+ ,girl 7side view & int]ior74 7#aj-a_/b in*es diamet]47 7,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,a4 ,duncan47 ,bri/ol4--,joseph ,r+ 9 #aghf comm5c$ to make a cream w>e ) ! assi/ance ( pott]s he engag$ f ,%elton 9 ,/af=d%ire4 ,9 col\r x 0 a w>m cream due to ! glaze & n to ! body ( ! w>e itself4 ,connect$ ) ?is factory are "s f9ely pa9t$ fl[]-pieces 9 enamel col\rs by ,william ,fifield 7born 9 #aggg1 & di$ 9 #aheg71 & 8 son1 ,john ,fifield4 ,! factory *ang$ h&s 9 #ahbe1 & became ,p\ntney & ,allies & ,p\ntney ,co4 until #ahgb4 ,_m ( ,fifield's decorat$ pieces ) floral works be> ! "n & date ( ! p]son = :om !y 7 made4 ,^! are q *>act]i/ic ( ! pott]y1 & occur aft] #ahbj & 9 ! ,p\ntney & ,allies p]iod4 ,!re is a /rong simil>ity 9 ^! *a9s ( fl[]s & g>l&s to ! ,ori5tal w>e1 & its lat] ,fr5* imitation :i* poses z ,l[e/(t4 ,mu* ( ?is ,bri/ol e>!nw>e is conf\nd$ ) some:at simil> ,new ,hall porcela91 & is t]m$ by v inexp]i5c$ buy]s & sell]s z cottage ,worce/]4 ,cottage x may be1 b x has no relation%ip ) ,worce/]4 ,caughley or ,salopian4--,! ,caughley "u-glaze blue-pr9t$ w>e ) its ri* almo/ purpli% blue is well kn[n1 b ! v>i\s t9ts ( ?is blue employ$ 9 ! porcela9 are n s well kn[n v>y+ z !y d f ?is deep blue to a fairly light slate blue--b t conc]ns *9a & is ano!r /ory4 ,! ,coalport factory *9a m>k at ! pres5t day has ! date #agej1 pr\dly go+ back to ^! e>ly days4 ,( ,salopian e>!nw>e n too mu* is kn[n1 x is eclips$ by ! porcela9 :i* ,?omas ,turn] comm5c$ to make at ,caughley 9 #aggb4 ,b e>!nw>e 0 made at ! factory f #agej to #agge by ,br[ne1 ! own] ( ! factory1 ^: niece ,?omas ,turn] m>ri$ & took ov] ! pott]y 9 #aggb4 ,!re are1 belong+ to ?is e>ly p]iod1 "s exce$+ly well-modell$ ,caughley figures :i* are equal to ! f9e/ "w ( ! ,/af=d%ire pott]s4 ,"s ( ^! figures are #bj in*es 9 height1 & among ^? attribut$ to ?is ,salopian pott]y are ! foll[+3 ,prud5ce1 hold+ a mirror1 drap$ classical figure ) figur$ g[n2 & ,=titude1 a companion figure4 ,antony & ,cleopatra are also believ$ to belong to ?is factory by "s collectors4 ,caughley pott]y is sometimes1 ?\gh r>ely1 m>k$ ) ! ^w ,,salopian or ) ! initials ,s or ,c 9 blue "u ! glaze4 ,a consid]able d\bt /ill exi/s z to :at is & :at is n ,salopian or ,caughley e>!nw>e1 & an op9ion %\ld n be ha/ily arriv$ at on sup]ficial exam9ation4 ,_m ( ! e>ly "u-glaze blue-pr9t$ porcela9 cups & sauc]s ) ,ori5tal designs simil> 9 "* to ! will[ patt]n be> a m>k ( a blue cresc5t n unlike t ( ! ,worce/] factory4 ,:5 su* specim5s 9 e>!nw>e are f\nd ?us m>k$ 9 "u-glaze blue ) ! cresc5t !y may c]ta9ly be pron\nc$ to be ,caughley1 9 date ab\t #aggb to #aghe4 ,"s ( ! octagonal d>k blue-pr9t$ ,caughley e>!nw>e plates are ( simil> %ape to ! ,ori5tal porcela9 model 7illu/rat$ p4 #cbg71 & ! design especially 9 ! treatm5t ( ! bord] is h&l$ 9 ! same mann] except t ,turn] 0 fond] ( m cr[d$ detail4 ,illu/ration3 ,,copy ,,( ,,portl& ,,vase4 ,9 r$ w>e ,islewor?4 7,e>ly n9ete5? c5tury47 ,m>k$ ,s ,g4 7,height #g-c_/d in*es47 7,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,w4 ,g4 ,honey47 ,illu/ration3 ,,f9e ,,e>!nw>e ,,mug4 ,exquisitely pa9t$ ) exotic birds 9 ,worce/] /yle 7attribut$ to ,liv]pool74 7,9 ! collection ( ,col4 & ,mrs4 ,dickson47 ,,liv]pool ,,cream ,,w>e ,,plate4 ,) ,ori5tal decoration 9 blue4 7,9 ! collection ( ,miss ,feild547 ,d]by ,e>!nw>e4--,d]by porcela9 is well kn[n4 ,b x is n s well kn[n t ,d]by e>!nw>e is wor? consid]+ f a collect+ po9t ( view4 ,!re is a c]ta9 am\nt ( obscurity surr\nd+ ! e>ly w>e made at ,cockpit ,hill4 ,slip w>e 0 made 9 e>ly days & delft appe>s to h be5 made !re at ! beg9n+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,9 #aggb ! ,d]by pot-works1 9 ! h&s ( ! ,hea? family :o 7 bank]s1 produc$ cream w>e1 ?\gh n equal to ! ,/af=d%ire products4 ,messrs4 ,john & ,*ri/oph] ,hea?1 ( ,d]by1 are describ$ z bankrupts 9 #aghj1 & a great sale ( ! e>!nw>e 9 /ock took place4 ,! collector has ma9ly to rely on dat$ examples1 :i* are v r>e1 or on pieces be>+ local allusions to elections :i* may be safely attribut$ to ,d]by1 b l s _m ( ! ext9ct factories ! w>e has n receiv$ special att5tion 9 reg>d to its id5tification1 nor is ! task an easy "o ow+ to cream w>e be+ ( v g5]al manufacture4 ,islewor?4--,!re is n mu* kn[n ab\t ?is factory e/abli%$ by ,joseph ,%ore1 :o appe>s to h come f ,worce/] 9 #agfj4 ,! w>e lat] is m>k$ ) ! initials ,s4 ,g4 aft] ! firm became ,%ore & ,g\ld+4 ,! factory 0 nev] v l>ge1 & employ$ only tw5ty h&s at ! mo/4 ,we illu/rate 7p4 #dji7 a copy ( ! celebrat$ ,portl& ,vase 9 r$ w>e m>k$ ,s4 ,g41 & al?\gh "s ( ! ,islewor? w>e appe>s to h be5 co>se e>!nw>e to :i* ! t]m ,wel% w>e 0 appli$1 "s ( x rev]t+ to ! old me?od ( slip decoration1 yet x mu/ be admitt$ t c]ta9 pieces 9 r$ unglaz$ e>!nw>e are ( a high arti/ic "*4 ,!re is a v f9e teapot ( ?is r$ w>e 9 exact imitation ( ! ,ori5tal /yle1 be+ hexagonal 9 =m1 & hav+ emboss$ decorations on ! panels1 ! lid be+ surm\nt$ ) a ,*9ese grotesque animal1 su* z nev] 0 design$ 9 ,europe4 ,! pott+ ( su* pieces z ^! has direct$ ! att5tion ( connoisseurs to ?is obscure factory4 ,!re is no d\bt t "s ( ! f9] pieces ( ,islewor? r$ w>e h pass$ z ,el]s w>e1 b ! =m] has a slight glaze & ! h&les are m\ld$4 ,x is heavi] 9 weight1 & ! teapots1 c41 by ,el]s 7 und\bt$ly ( small dim5sions4 ,x appe>s t h\nd jugs 7 made at ,islewor? too4 ,!y 7 made at ,brampton & else:]e1 b 9 ^? illu/rat$ 7p4 #dac7 ! m>k is ,s4 ,g4 ,!y are br[n /onew>e ) subjects ( game 9 high relief1 & are e>ly n9ete5? c5tury 9 date4 ,9 ! second illu/ration x w be se5 t ! h&le ( ! h\nd jug %[s a lat] /age 9 its developm5t4 ,! reason is n f> to seek1 ! awkw>d po9ts ( ! h\nd h&le 7 f\nd to be 9 ! way :5 ,betsy ,prue drew ! be]4 ,any projection ( ?is nature is di/9ctly out ( place 9 e>!nw>e = ev]yday use4 ,?is ! pott] readily recognis$1 & patt]n numb] two 0 ! result4 ,"h he foll[$1 )\t kn[+ x1 ! practice ( ! ,japanese1 :o 9 _! f9ely-c>v$ ivory netsukes1 s mu* collect$ n[adays1 :i* 7 us$ z buttons & fa/5+s = dresses1 always took c>e to leave no project+ po9ts--! sleep+ m\se has 8 tail well coil$ ar\nd him--! dw>f mime has a smoo? head & a figure z rotund z a m9iature b>rel4 ,x w be se5 9 ?is second illu/ration t ! h\nd is /ill disc]nible 9 ! h&le1 b probably only to ^? :o h se5 him 9 8 =m] /ate4 ,he has n[ become a clumsy1 twi/$ h&le ) less mean+4 ,x is "h t 8 delicately balanc$ proportions :5 he 0 leap+ ov] ! brim ) out/ret*$ limbs--! attitude to ! life ( a h\nd :5 attempt+ to get ?r\gh a f5ce--became a m]e symbol 9 ?is lat] /age ( 8 c]amic exi/5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,br[n ,,/onew>e ,,jugs4 ,decorat$ ) game 9 high relief4 ,,%ore ,,g\ld+ 7,islewor?74 ,m>k$ ,s ,g4 7,height #g-a_/b in*es47 7,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,w4 ,g4 ,honey47 ,illu/ration3 ,,br[n ,,/onew>e ,,jugs4 ,) sport+ subjects 9 relief1 ! h&les %[+ a debas$ =m ( ! h\nd h&les4 7,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,w4 ,g4 ,honey47 ,! pictorial hi/ory ( ! evolution is n a pretty "o4 ,x %[s h[ ! ru%+ ne$ ( ! public = m pots de/roy$ ! craft ( ! pott]4 ,x 0 f> easi]1 s9ce ! dem& 0 = pots1 to turn out ha/y "w1 & to let ! modell+ take c>e ( itself4 ,= ?is reason ! mug deg5]at$ into a m]e commonplace mug1 su* z ,/af=d%ire c\ld produce q z *eaply by ! ton4 ,s ! factory put out its furnaces = ev]4 ,,m>ks ,,us$ ,,at ,,swansea1 ,,l[esby1 ,,liv]pool1 ,,caughley1 ,,d]by1 ,,& ,,islewor?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,haynes1 ,,dillwyn ,,co ,,cambrian ,,pott]y ,,swansea ,swansea4 ,e/abli%$ #agfi1 works clos$ #ahgj4 ,cambrian ,pott]y1 aft] #aghj4 ,a l>ge numb] ( m>ks employ$4 ,sometimes ! m>ks 7 impress$1 b m (t5 pa9t$ or /amp$ 9 r$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cambrian ,! ^w ,cambrian z a m>k is v uncommon4 ,illu/ration3 ,,opaque ,,*9a ,,swansea ,us$ on ! improv$ :ite h>d e>!nw>e inv5t$ by ,haynes at ! end ( eighte5? c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,improv$ ,,/one ,,w>e ,,dillwyn ,,co ,/one *9a 0 made f #ahaj-ahcj1 & on "s pieces ?is m>k is f\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dillwyn ,o!r ( ,dillwyn's ,m>ks1 f #ahjb-ahag1 are giv5 "h4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dillwyn ,,swansea ,swansea porcela91 ) its f9ely pa9t$ fl[]s1 0 produc$ f #ahad to #ahag4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dillwyn',s ,,etruscan ,,w>e ,! celebrat$ ,etruscan ,w>e 0 made by ,dillwyn f #ahdg to #ahej1 & x g5]ally be>s ?is pr9t$ m>k4 ,illu/ration3 ,d ,j ,,evans ,co ,,swansea ,f #ahej to #ahgj ! firm 0 ,evans ,glasson1 & ,d4 ,j4 ,evans ,co41 & "s ( ! lat] m>ks pr9t$ on ! ,swansea w>e ( ?is p]iod are reproduc$4 ,illu/ration3 ,d4 ,j4 ,,evans ,co ,,swansea ,?is ,pr9ce ( ,wales' ,fea!rs m>k 0 (t5 accompani$ by ! fancy "n ( ! p>ticul> patt]n on :i* x appe>$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,l[esby ,l[esby4 ,! m>k ( ?is small ,leice/]%ire factory (t5 puzzles collectors1 & x is giv5 "h4 ,9 date x is ab\t #ahce1 & x only exi/$ = a few ye>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,p ,p ,liv]pool4 ,! m>ks ( ,liv]pool are ( exceptional int]e/4 ,sadl] ,gre5 7except 9 r>e in/ances1 :5 !y sign$ _! tiles7 did n use a m>k4 ,se? ,p5n+ton 7#agfj-agij71 celebrat$ = pun* b[ls ( ri* blue decoration1 may h us$ ! m>k "h giv54 ,illu/ration3 ,,h]culaneum ,illu/ration3 ,,h]culaneum ,! ,h]culaneum ,pott]y 7#agid-ahda7 7:i* produc$ porcela9 too1 9 #ahjj1 z did ,w4 ,reid ,co4 7#aged-agfj7 ( f9e quality1 b unm>k$74 ,illu/ration ,! ,h]culaneum m>ks are v>i\s on e>!nw>e1 & :5 ! m>k ( ! bird1 ! ,liv]1 appe>s1 x may be attribut$ to ,h]culaneum4 ,illu/ration3 ,,liv]pool ,illu/ration3 ,,salopian ,caughley or ,salopian 7#agea-agge74 ,z a *9a factory ,caughley is well kn[n1 & is ! p>5t ( ! ,coalport porcela9 factory4 ,illu/ration3 ,,turn]4 ,9 its e>ly days no?+ 0 m>k$1 b f #aggb to #agge1 "u ,?omas ,turn]1 ,salopian figures1 "s ( l>ge size1 7 made1 & a great deal ( "u-glaze blue-pr9t$ e>!nw>e produc$4 ,! ^w ,salopian sometimes appe>s1 & ,,turn] is impress$ on cream-w>e plates 7(t5 ascrib$ to ,john ,turn]1 ( ,lane ,end1 ,/af=d%ire74 ,illu/ration3 ,s ,c ,sometimes ! lett]s ,s or ,c appe> 9 blue "u ! glaze4 ,^! m>ks appe> also 9 ,salopian porcela94 ,illu/ration3 ,bri/ol ,pott]y ,bri/ol4 ,! pott]y at ,bri/ol has a hi/ory ext5d+ f sev5te5?-c5tury days d[n to #ahbj4 ,its delft frequ5tly _h dates inscrib$1 & sometimes initials ( pott]s4 ,its lat] w>e 0 r>ely m>k$4 ,b sometimes a blue cross appe>s1 & we give a late m>k1 f\nd infrequ5tly4 ,illu/ration3 ,s ,g ,islewor? 7#agfj-ahcj74 ,z mu* ( ! r$ w>e ( ,messrs4 ,%ore & ,gold+ passes z ,el]s w>e1 ! m>k %\ld be ( int]e/ to collectors4 ,x is v small & impress$ sometimes at ! side ( ! piece ne> ! base4 ,,prices4 ,,swansea ,,e>!nw>e4 s4 d4 ,dillwyn4 ,d9n] s]vice decorat$ ) figures1 & quantity ( tea & breakfa/ w>e simil> 7#fj pieces 9 all74 ,le$]1 ,swansea1 ,septemb]1 #aijf #g #ah #f ,etruscan w>e ,dr9k+ ,cup1 =m$ z horse's head4 ,so!by1 ,febru>y1 #aijh #b #j #j ,,liv]pool4 ,cream-w>e ,pun* ,b[l1 pr9t$ outside ) figure subjects & inside ) %ip 9 full sail1 9 col\rs1 & inscrib$ ,success to ! ,glory #aghc4 ,so!by1 ,febru>y1 #aijf #b #ah #j ,b[l ) %ip inside1 inscrib$ ,success to ,william & ,nancy1 dat$ #aggf4 ,so!by1 ,novemb]1 #aijf #c #j #j ,mug1 ) pa9t$ portrait ( ,william ,pitt4 ,so!by1 ,novemb]1 #aijf #b #h #j ,,caughley ,,or ,,salopian ,,e>!nw>e4 ,figures1 recl9+1 ,cleopatra & ,antony1 on oblong blue pl9?s 7#ai-a_/b 9474 ,*ri/ie1 ,janu>y1 #aijh #ae #ae #j ,,islewor?4 ,ew]1 decorat$ ) ,etruscan figures1 r>e1 m>k$4 ,so!by1 ,novemb]1 #aijg #a #b #j ,,bri/ol ,,e>!nw>e4 ,jug ) inscription & l&scape 9 blue& :ite4 ,so!by1 ,febru>y1 #aijg #a #h #j ,,l[esby4 ,basket ( tortoise%ell w>e1 ano!r ( /onew>e1 ano!r ( r$ w>e1 m>k$ ,l[esby1 illu/rat$ 9 ,que51 ,janu>y #bf1 #aijg4 ,so!by1 ,decemb]1 #aijh #b #j #j ,vase ( r$ w>e & two bottle-%ap$ vases1 decorat$ ) fl[]s 9 col\rs1 m>k$ ,l[esby4 ,so!by1 ,decemb]1 #aijh #d #f #j ,,xiii ,,lu/re ,,w>e ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,lu/re ,,w>e ,e>ly crude ,copp] ,lu/re 7,brisl+ton7--,gold ,lu/re1 p9k & purple ,w$gwood1 ,le$s1 ,swansea1 ,sund]l&--,plat9um ,lu/re 7t]m$ silv] lu/re74--,?omas ,w$gwood 7#agia71 ,spode1 ,e4 ,may]1 ,wood & ,caldwell1 ,le$s1 ,ca/le=d1 ,swansea1 & o!rs--,lu/re 9 comb9ation z a decoration--,resi/ ,lu/re--,copp] or ,bronze ,lu/re--,m>k$ ,lu/re ,w>e--,prices4 ,! collection ( lu/re w>e is comp>atively mod]n4 ,9 common ) salt-glaze w>e :i* 0 n ?\ght mu* ( 9 ! auction-room "s few ye>s ago1 lu/re-w>e has be5 /udi$ & collect$ ) avidity1 & a good deal has be5 discov]$ conc]n+ its orig94 ,x may be said at ! outset t lu/re v>ies v consid]ably 9 quality1 & ! pla9 undecorat$ plat9um or silv] lu/re is be+ produc$ at ! pres5t day 9 teapots & cream-jugs 9 simulation ( ! old ,georgian silv] patt]ns4 ,s great is its v>iety & quality t "s collectors h conf9$ !mselves specially to ! collection ( :at is kn[n z silv] lu/re resi/ /yle1 & o!rs h specialis$ 9 ! p9k or gold purple1 ) ve9$ effects1 ( ! ,w$gwood s*ool4 ,lu/re w>e may be divid$ into ! foll[+ classes3-- #a4 ,e>ly br[n copp] lu/re1 crude 9 /yle1 made by ,frank1 ( ,brisl+ton1 ne> ,bri/ol1 ab\t #aggj4 #b4 ,gold lu/re1 probably inv5t$ by ,josiah ,w$gwood1 ab\t #agib 7n to be conf\nd$ ) gild+74 ,! effect v>ies f p9k to purple1 & 9 ! e>ly pieces a comb9ation 0 effect$ ( gold1 yell[1 & purple1 iridesc5t 9 v>y+ lights4 #c4 ,plat9um or silv] lu/re 7discov]$ by ,?omas ,w$gwood1 ! y\nge/ son ( ,josiah ,w$gwood1 ab\t #agia71 imitations ( silv] w>e1 bu/s1 c4 #d4 ,copp] or bronze lu/re 7diff]+ f ! co>se e>ly w>e ( ,brisl+ton71 pla9 or undecorat$4 #e4 ,gold or purple lu/re us$ z an adjunct or decoration1 ei!r ar\nd b& or rim1 z at ,sund]l&1 c4 #f4 ,plat9um or silv] lu/re us$ z an adjunct or slight decoration su* z 9 ! ,fal/aff figure 7illu/rat$ p4 #cga71 or 9 ! figure ( ,cupid 7illu/rat$ p4 #chg74 #g4 ,plat9um or silv] lu/re 9 comb9ation ) o!r pa9t$ decoration3 7a7 ,birds1 foliage1 c41 pa9t$ 9 silv] lu/re on a gr\nd ( ano!r col\r2 7b7 ,silv] lu/re resi/ /yle :5 ! gr\nd is plat9um & ! ornam5tation is :ite1 blue1 or yell[4 #h4 ,copp] or bronze lu/re 9 comb9ation ) pa9t$ designs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pair ,,( ,,mottl$ ,,p9k ,,gold ,,lu/re ,,goblets4 7,9 ! collection ( ,miss ,feild547 ,illu/ration3 ,,goblet ,,& ,,gold ,,lu/re ,,mugs ,,) ,,mottl$ ,,int]iors4 7,9 ! collection ( ,miss ,feild547 ,e>ly ,lu/re 7,brisl+ton74--,ri*>d ,frank1 ! delft pott]1 ( ,bri/ol1 produc$ a crude w>e compos$ ( a h>d body coat$ ) a yell[ dip resembl+ delft 9 "*1 &1 ^u ?is surface1 ornam5tation 9 copp] lu/re 0 made :i* gave x ! appe>ance ( burni%$ copp]4 ,x has be5 mo/ inaptly comp>$ ) ! ,hispano-,mauro w>e1 ) its ri* arabesque ornam5tation4 ,!re is no?+ 9 common betwe5 ! two except t !y are bo? lu/r\s1 & "h ! simil>ity ends4 ,! ,brisl+ton col\r 0 crude & ! lu/re ornam5ts extremely in>ti/ic1 & only suitable = ! bak+-di%es & m]e utilit>ian articles rudely & suffici5tly decorat$4 ,f9] & ?9n] lu/re w>e f\nd 9 ! vic9ity ( ,bri/ol c m safely be attribut$ to ,swansea4 ,gold ,lu/re4--,z may readily be imag9$1 ! am\nt ( gold 9 ! lu/re decoration is v small4 ,gold lu/re is n heavy ,engli% gild+4 ,z e>ly z #aggf ,josiah ,w$gwood obta9$ a =mula f ,dr4 ,fo!rgill1 a ,fell[ ( ! ,royal ,society1 ( :i* he himself 0 a ,fell[1 :i* induc$ him to exp]im5t ) gold 9 ord] to produce lu/r\s effects4 ,! ,purple ( ,cassius 0 employ$ ) great success 9 obta9+ m>bl+ & ve9+1 b x 0 n till late 9 8 c>e]1 ab\t #agib1 t he produc$ ! gold lu/re 9 its happie/ comb9ation 9 connection ) ! f9e ,pe>l ,w>e %ell dess]t-s]vices4 ,we h already allud$ to ! ?9 wa% ( yell[ & p9k :i* 0 appli$ to ^! di%es to repres5t ! int]ior ( ! %ell1 b ! addition ( gold lu/re 0 ! f9i%+ t\*1 & su* pieces are rem>kably r>e4 ,!y gl[ ) fleet+ col\rs z ! light plays ^u _! surface4 ,9 reg>d to ?is gold lu/re1 x %\ld be /at$ t x v>i$1 & v>i$ mo/ consid]ably1 accord+ to ! "* ( ! body n only subjac5t to x1 t is ^u :i* x 0 plac$1 b ow+ to its filmy & transluc5t "* x receiv$ reflection f adjac5t surfaces4 ,on a br[n body ! same effect is diff]5t f t on a :ite or cream body4 ,?is mu/ be borne 9 m9d to a small] ext5t 9 plat9um lu/res4 ,! w>m] ! body b5ea?1 ! ri*] ! lu/re & ! great] its simil>ity to ! silv] :i* x is int5d$ to imitate4 ,we illu/rate two v f9e mottl$ p9k & gold lu/re goblets :i* belong to ! ,w$gwood p]iod & are v light & ( v f9e lu/r\s appe>ance 7p4 #dbe74 ,9 c]ta9 di/ricts ^! are t]m$ ,fun]al cups1 & :e!r !y 7 us$ only on ^? solemn occasions or n1 we _c say4 ,x appe>s t gold lu/re 0 sometimes us$ 9 comb9ation ) copp] or bronze4 ,9 ! two mugs illu/rat$ 7p4 #dbe71 ! int]iors are f9ely mottl$ 9 purple & gold1 & sugge/ by ! beautiful pott+ ! "w ( ! goldsmi? 9 _! %>p cont\r4 ,!y may be attribut$ to ! be/ p]iod1 z1 too1 may ! goblet 9 ! c5tre :i* gl[s l gold4 ,incid5tally x may be rem>k$ t ! photographs us$ = ^! illu/rations _c convey ! ri* & glori\s col\r+ ( ^! examples4 ,! writ] kn[s ( a cup & sauc] m>k$ ,dawson4 ,!re 0 a ,samuel ,dawson 9 #ahjb1 a ,/af=d%ire pott]1 & !re is ,dawson ( ,sund]l&1 a bett]-kn[n mak] ( w>e1 :i* has lu/re decoration1 to :i* latt] pott]y ?is may m safely be attribut$4 ,9 g5]al effect ! s*eme ( col\r is ambiti\s4 ,! c5tre panel is pa9t$ 9 r$ enamel col\rs ov] ! glaze4 ,! bord]s h a highly lu/r\s gold floral decoration on a gr\nd ( p9k4 ,9 reg>d to ,sund]l& & ,newca/le1 z a rule1 ! w>e is crude & may be readily dismiss$1 b n too hurri$ly4 ,! r\gh b&s ( purple lu/re in>ti/ically pa9t$ z bord]s to ! transf]-pr9t$ jugs & mugs ) nautical subjects are well kn[n4 ,9 broad effect on a jug or a pun* b[l1 ?is class ( p9k or purple lu/re decoration is se5 at its be/4 ,on a jug ( ?is nature ) b&s & r\gh spong+s ( purple lu/re appe> ! v]ses-- ,! man doom$ to sail ,) ! bla/ ( ! gale1 ,?r\gh bill[s ,atlantic to /e]1 ,z he b5ds o'er ! wave ,:i* may soon be 8 grave ,rememb]s 8 home ) a te>4 ,x is n a happy s5tim5t & sugge/s m ! l&sman's views ( ! sea ?an ^? ( ! sailor4 ,! foll[+ has a tru] r+1 b x 0 n put on jugs to be sold to sailors' wives3-- ,g patt] to lubb]s & swabs1 d'ye see1 ',b\t dang] & fe> & ! l2 ,a tight wat]-boat & good sea room give me1 ,& x a9't to a little ,i'll /rike4 ,plat9um or ,silv] ,lu/re4--,x is n def9itely kn[n :o 0 ! fir/ pott] to adopt ?is decoration4 ,obvi\sly x c\ld n be e>li] 9 date ?an ! ye> t plat9um 0 discov]$ z a new metal4 ,its *emical individuality & qualities 7 e/abli%$ by ! successive rese>*es ( ,s*eff] 7#ageb71 ,m>ggraft 7#ageg71 ,b]gmann 7#aggg74 ,9 #aghd ! fir/ plat9um crucible 0 made by ,a*>d4 ,9 #ahjj ,knight1 ( ,london1 publi%$ all t 0 kn[n conc]n+ ! use ( plat9um 9 manufacture4 ,?omas ,w$gwood1 ! y\nge/ son ( ,josiah1 employ$ x z e>ly z #agia1 b x is claim$ t ,john ,hancock 7born #ageg1 di$ #ahdg71 fir/ employ$ gold1 silv]1 & /eel lu/res at ,messrs4 ,spode's factory at ,/oke = ,messrs4 ,daniel & ,br[n1 :o 7 decorat+ ,spode w>e at t date4 ,t is 8 own acc\nt :5 he 0 eighty-n9e ye>s ( age4 ,b he 0 employ$ at ,etruria4 ,at any rate ,hancock did n reta9 ! secret1 = among contempor>y pott]s ,john ,g>dn]1 ( ,/oke1 ,sp>kes1 ( ,hanley1 & ,horob91 ( ,tun/all1 seem to h practis$ x4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury o!r pott]s 7 mak+ lu/re4 ,9 #ahjd ,john ,aynsley1 ( ,lane ,end1 & 9 #ahaj ,pet] ,w>burton1 ( ,lane ,end1 :o took out a pat5t = decorat+ *9a1 porcela91 e>!nw>e1 & glass ) native pure or unadult]at$ gold1 silv]1 plat9a1 or o!r metals flux$ or l[]$ ) lead or any o!r sub/ance :i* inv5tion or new me?od leaves ! metals1 aft] be+ burn$1 9 _! metallic /ate4 ,pieces ( silv] lu/re occur ) ! "n ,wood & ,caldwell impress$ on !m4 ,?is 0 ! /yle ( ! firm f #agij to #ahah4 ,su* pieces may h be5 made dur+ ! la/ ye>s ( ! factory's exi/5ce4 ,b we "k t x 0 made 9 #ahaj1 = a pa9t$ lu/re jug be>s ! inscription ,ri*>d ,bac*us1 #ahaj4 ,ano!r "n :i* ! writ] has se5 impress$ on pla9 silv] lu/re w>e ( ,e>ly-,georgian %ape is ,e4 ,may]1 :o comm5c$ z a pott] 9 #aggj1 & di$ 9 #ahah4 ,x ?us appe>s t at pres5t1 until m m>k$ pieces turn up1 ! exact date )9 a few ye>s ( ! manufacture ( plat9um or silv] lu/re 9 its fir/ =m is n det]m9able4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pair ,,( ,,silv] ,,lu/re ,,figures4 ,by ,,wood ,,caldwell4 7,height #f-a_/d in*es47 7,f ! collection ( ,mr4 ,w4 ,g4 ,honey47 ,illu/ration3 ,,silv] ,,lu/re ,,jugs4 #a4 ,resi/ /yle1 ) /5cill$ decorations4 #b4 ,bird pa9t$ 9 r$1 foliage 9 gre5 9 panel1 silv] lu/re pa9t$ b&s & bord]s4 7,9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,hub]t ,g\ld47 ,among mak]s kn[n to h produc$ silv] lu/re are ,rob]t ,wilson1 ( ,hanley1 :o 0 9 p>tn]%ip ) ,neale prior to ! manufacture ( ?is w>e4 ,8 bro!r ,david ,wilson1 9 ! op5+ ye>s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 made silv] lu/re goblets & figures4 ,!re is a m\nt$ figure ( a huss> ) uplift$ sword attribut$ to ! ,wilsons1 at ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,! ,wilsons also made copp] or bronze lu/re w>e4 ,lak9 & ,poole is ! "n ( ano!r firm1 & ,spode1 & x is believ$ ,dav5port emb>k$ on ?is popul> w>e also4 ,x is kn[n1 too1 t ,le$s made silv] lu/re w>e ( f9e quality1 t has /ood ! te/ ( "t2 & gold lu/re 9 imitation ( ,w$gwood's ,pe>l ,w>e lu/r\s decorations 0 made 9 e>ly n9ete5?-c5tury days4 ,swansea is cr$it$ ) simil> productions ( gold & gold-purple lu/re on a m>bl$ gr\nd1 al?\gh none ( its silv]-lu/re w>e is m>k$4 ,probably ! e>lie/ use ( silv] lu/re 0 :5 x 0 employ$ z an adjunct to figures 9 subsidi>y portions 9 lieu ( gild+4 ,b mo/ c]ta9ly x began to simulate ! silv] w>e at an e>ly date4 ,?is e>ly type is undecorat$1 & 0 also us$ 9 bu/s or /atuettes ( classical =m4 ,we illu/rate a pair ( silv]-lu/re figures by ,wood & ,caldwell4 ,!re is ano!r pair ( *ildr5 9 silv] lu/re1 m>k$ ,wood ,caldwell1 :i* are col\rable imitation ( ! figures ( *ildr5 read+ made by ,dwight 7illu/rat$1 p4 #aci74 ,9 reg>d to decorat$ silv] lu/re we give two examples :i* are fairly typical ( a l>ge class4 ,! illu/ration 7p4 #dca7 %[s a jug decorat$ 9 enamel col\rs4 ,! bird is 9 r$ & ! foliage 9 gre51 on a cream gr\nd4 ,! bord] ( ! panel is 9 silv] lu/re & ! rim ( ! jug & ! b&s ar\nd neck are also silv] lu/re4 ,?is decorat$ silv]-lu/re w>e is ( two classes4 ,! fir/ class comprises patt]ns pa9t$ 9 silv] lu/re on a :ite gr\nd1 ! foliage & birds & o!r patt]ns be+ 9 silv] lu/re1 c>efully pa9t$ ov] ! :ite4 ,z a rule 9 su* pieces !re is m :ite %[+1 & ! lu/re silv] is palpably a decorative effect4 ,9 ! second class ! silv] lu/re appe>s z a backgr\nd1 & ! ornam5tal decoration is 9 :ite1 cov]+ ! piece 9 mo/ elaborate designs4 ,?is is kn[n z resi/ w>e1 & on acc\nt ( ! great beauty & v>iety ( its ornam5tation1 has /rongly appeal$ to latt]-day collectors4 ,! patt]n tw9+ its way ov] ! silv]-lu/re backgr\nd may be :ite1 blue1 can>y col\r1 p9k1 apricot1 or turquoise-blue4 ,:ite is mo/ frequ5tly f\nd4 ,?is second /yle is capable ( ! mo/ intricate designs v>y+ f f>my>d & hunt+ sc5es to ord9>y conv5tional floral arrangem5ts almo/ resembl+ ! ,japanese /5cill$ "w 9 ano!r field ( art4 ,h[ resi/ w>e is made4--,if a :ite design is int5d$ ! w>e is left :ite1 b if any o!r col\r1 su* z ^? we h m5tion$1 t col\r is laid z a body or gr\nd col\r on ! specim5 to be lu/r$4 ,! next /ep is to pa9t ! exact design :i* lat] is to appe> :ite1 or blue1 or yell[1 on ! surface ( ! vessel4 ,?is patt]n is pa9t$ or /5cill$ on ! w>e ) a sub/ance compos$ ( a glucose matt] su* z glyc]9e4 ,! next /age is to apply ! silv] lu/re to ! :ole surface :i* is all[$ p>tially to dry4 ,on its imm]sion 9 wat] ! patt]n pa9t$ previ\sly to ! addition ( lu/re peels (f be+ on a soluble gr\nd4 ,! result is t ! backgr\nd ( :ite or yell[ or blue is laid b>e1 & ! re/ ( ! vessel is cov]$ p]man5tly ) silv] lu/re4 ,! adhesive lu/re resi/s ! wat]1 adh]+ to ! surface by means ( its res9\s nature1 except 9 ! patt]n :i* peels (f4 ,h5ce ! t]m resi/ w>e4 ,we illu/rate "o specim5 ( ?is silv]-lu/re resi/ w>e 7p4 #dca74 ,x is ( ! ord9>y floral conv5tional patt]n probably /5cill$ on z describ$ above4 ,"s ( ! m elaborate specim5s are pa9t$4 ,"o ( ! f9e/ collections ( ,resi/ ,silv] ,lu/re is t ( ,mr4 ,william ,w>d1 at ! ,k5nels1 ,mellor1 ne> ,blackburn4 ,x comprises examples t "o may se>* = 9 va9 9 any ( ! museums4 ,_m ( ! examples are m>k$ su* z ,w>burton1 or ) ! lett] ,w impress$1 & "o specim5 is m>k$ ,le$s a r>e m>k4 ,! subjects ( "s ( ^! jugs & mugs relate to ! ,napoleonic w>s1 & are dat$4 ,!re is "o r>e jug entitl$ ,boney escap+ ?r\gh a ,w9d[1 & 9 comb9ation ) ?is resi/ /yle are examples f9ely pa9t$ or transf]-pr9t$ 9 col\rs4 ,copp] or ,bronze ,lu/re4--,?is class ( lu/re is g5]ally held to be lat] 7except+ ( c\rse ! e>ly attempts at ,brisl+ton :i* /& by !mselves74 ,x is held too by collectors up to ! pres5t n to (f] su* arti/ic possibilities z ! resi/ silv] lu/re4 ,?is is amply borne out by ! prices obta9$ at auction4 ,b x mu/ n be =gott5 t ?is bronze or copp] lu/re v>ies v consid]ably4 ,x may be & (t5 is v co>se br[n ord9>y w>e1 & x may be v ?9 & delicate z to tempt ! connoisseur to reg>d x ) m ?an a pass+ glance4 ,9 ! highe/ =ms ( copp] or bronze lu/re1 pa9t$ views appe> 9 panels aga9/ ! lu/r\s backgr\nd1 & su* views are ( a high ord] ( m]it4 ,!y may 9 all probability h be5 execut$ at ,swansea4 ,we illu/rate a f9e example 7p4 #dcg7 ( a l>ge copp] lu/re mug ) pa9t$ panel ( l&scape & o!r panels ( fruit4 ,v frequ5tly 9 ?is copp] lu/re ! jugs & mugs h ornam5tation 9 relief :i* is enamell$ 9 vivid col\rs4 ,?is is a fairly common =m1 & has be5 reproduc$ 9 v co>se examples1 n to be conf\nd$ ) ! f9] & ?9n] copp] lu/re at its be/4 ,we illu/rate a copp] lu/re jug 7p4 #dcg7 ) s]p5t h&le & ,bell>m9e mask sp\t1 decorat$ 9 turquoise blue1 & ) basket ( fl[]s 9 relief4 ,! ,goblet to ! "r is ( simil> decoration1 & t on ! left is ( conv5tional col\r$ design on a mottl$ p9k lu/r$ b&4 ,m>k$ ,lu/re ,w>e4--,we h already m5tion$ a numb] ( pott]s :o are kn[n to h made lu/re w>e1 b ! foll[+ names h be5 f\nd impress$ on ! w>e 9 v>i\s collections ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 & may be ( int]e/ to collectors :o h specim5s ei!r by ^! pott]s or by o!r mak]s n on ?is li/4 ,w$gwood1 ,wilson1 ,w>burton1 ,bailey & ,batk91 ,j4 ,lockett ,sons1 ,e4 ,may]1 ,may] ,newbold1 ,e4 ,wood1 ,wood ,caldwell1 ,m9ton1 ,bott ,co41 ,p4 ,u4 7,poole ,unw971 ,meigh1 ,c4 ,meigh ,sons1 ,copel& ,g>rett1 & ,le$s ,pott]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,l>ge ,,copp] ,,lu/re ,,mug4 ,panels pa9t$ ) l&scapes & fl[]s 9 col\rs4 7,9 ! collection ( ,miss ,feild547 ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,( ,,col\r$ ,,copp] ,,lu/re4 ,goblet ) enamell$ decoration 9 relief4 ,jug ) ,bell>m9e mask & sp\t & decorat$ 9 turquoise blue4 7,9 ! collection ( ,miss ,feild547 ,,prices4 ,,lu/re ,,w>e4 s4 d4 ,silv] lu/re ,b>b]'s jug ) m$allion ( ,b>b] & ,cu/om]1 inscrib$ ,william ,freeman1 #ahji2 #f-c_/d 94 high4 ,bond1 ,ipswi*1 ,april1 #aijf #e #j #j ,silv] lu/re resi/ patt]n jug ) grape & b>ley design4 ,so!by1 ,june1 #aijf #b #j #j ,nelson ,hill jug 9 silv] lu/re & decorat$ 9 r$ & black4 ,so!by1 ,june1 #aijf #a #aj #j ,silv] lu/re jug1 decorat$ ) bird & fl[]s1 & inscrib$ ,j4 ,simpson1 orig9al ,/af=d%ire ,w>eh\se1 #agia4 ,*ri/ie1 ,janu>y1 #aijh #ad #ad #j ,lu/re decorat$1 ,sund]l& figures ( ,seasons 7f\r7 decorat$ 9 col\rs & purple lu/re2 all impress$1 m>k ,,dixon1 ,,au/9 ,,co4 ,so!by1 ,febru>y1 #aijh #aj #j #j ,copp] lu/re pair ( five-f+]$ fl[] vases m>k$ ,,sewell4 ,so!by1 ,novemb]1 #aije #d #ae #j ,,xiv ,,late ,,/af=d%ire ,,w>e ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,late ,,/af=d%ire ,,w>e ,! ,s*ool ( ,col\r--,josiah ,spode ! ,second 7#agih-ahbg7--;,dav5port 7#agic-ahhj7--,?omas ,m9ton--,semi-porcela9--,iron/one ,*9a--,! ,masons--,e>ly n9ete5?-c5tury ,commemorative ,w>e--,! revival ( ,/onew>e--,messrs4 ,d\lton--,! tw5tie?-c5tury ,collector--,table ( ,m>ks--,prices4 ,! late/ phases ( e>!nw>e are ma9ly conc]n$ ) ! s*ool ( col\ri/s1 ! *ief ( :i* 0 ,josiah ,spode ! ,second1 :o controll$ ! factory on ! dea? ( ,josiah 8 fa!r1 9 #agig1 & took ,william ,copel& z p>tn]4 ,x 0 ?is ,spode :o introduc$ into e>!nw>e decorative patt]ns ( ,japanese col\r+ 9 :i* r$s & yell[s & d>k cobalt blue pr$om9ate1 foll[+ ! /yle ( ! ,cr[n-,d]by ,japan /yle4 ,ab\t #ahjj ,spode comm5c$ ! manufacture ( porcela9 z well z e>!nw>e1 & 8 ri*ly gild$ ,japan patt]ns began to rival ^? ( ,d]by4 ,9 reg>d to ! light-blue-pr9t$ w>e ( a f9e quality turn$ out by ,spode1 an illu/ration is giv5 9 ! *apt] on ,transf]-pr9t$ ,w>e 7p4 #cca74 ,x 0 ?is second ,josiah ,spode :o /&>dis$ ! body us$ 9 ,engli% porcela91 :i* is to-day practically ! same z ,spode's =mula4 ,x may be said1 r\ghly1 to consi/ ( ! con/itu5ts ( true porcela9 plus a proportion ( bone a%4 ,eno* ,wood1 :5 an appr5tice ) ,palm]1 0 ! fir/ to use bone ) e>!nw>e1 ab\t #aggj4 ,x is obvi\s t ) ^! ri* col\rs ( ,/af=d%ire porcela9 side by side 9 ! same factory1 ) e>!nw>e1 ! latt] began to assume all ! decorative appe>ance ( porcela94 ,a reign ( col\r set 94 ,e>!nw>e 0 z lavi%ly decorat$ 9 col\rs1 & z ri*ly gild$ z any ( ! contempor>y porcela9s1 & 9 putt+ on ^! col\rs x lo/ all its old *>act]i/ic features & became an e*o ( porcela94 ,be=e leav+ ! ,spode family1 x may be m5tion$ t ,josiah ,spode ! second1 :o di$ 9 #ahbg1 ag$ sev5ty-?ree1 0 succe$$ by 8 son1 ,josiah ,spode ! ?ird1 :o di$ )9 two ye>s4 ,william ,copel& _h di$ 9 #ahbf1 & 9 #ahcc ! factory at ,/oke came into ! h&s ( ,w4 ,t4 ,copel&1 kn[n z ,ald]man ,copel&1 z he !n 01 ( ! ,city ( ,london4 ,he became ,"l ,mayor ( ,london 9 #ahce1 & 9 t ye> took ,?omas ,g>rett into p>tn]%ip4 ,copel& & ,g>rett is ! "n ( ! firm till #ahdg4 ,= tw5ty ye>s x 0 kn[n z ,w4 ,t4 ,copel&1 late ,spode1 & is n[ at ! pres5t day ,messrs4 ,w4 ,t4 ,copel& ,sons4 ,! m>ks belong+ to ! firm at v>i\s dates are giv5 at ! end ( ?is *apt]4 ,we illu/rate a r[ ( five rem>kably f9e e>!nw>e vases decorat$ 9 ri* col\r 9 ! ,d]by /yle1 s p]fectly simulat+ ! bru% "w ( t fam\s porcela9 factory1 t ^u a ha/y exam9ation !y w\ld pass = ,cr[n-,d]by4 ,!y evid5tly belong to ! days :5 ,josiah ,spode 0 turn+ out at ,/oke m ,japan patt]ns ?an 7 produc$ at ,d]by4 ,at ! same "t a good deal ( less ornate e>!nw>e = cottage use 0 be+ made1 & specim5s may frequ5tly be met )1 su* z tea-sets ) old-fa%ion$ teapot & two-h&l$ sug>-b[l made ab\t #ahbe4 ,_! homely ,engli% rural subjects are v pleas+1 & %[ t !re 0 /ill a l>ge m>ket 9 ! c\ntry = simple w>e )\t any great pret5sions to =eign ta/e4 ,x 0 ! la/ /age ( ! great tradition ( old ,engli% e>!nw>e4 ,dav5port 7#agic-ahhj74--;,john ,dav5port1 ( ,longport 9 ,/af=d%ire1 began pott+ 9 #agic4 ,!re is no d\bt t he 0 a great pott] ) arti/ic in/9cts4 ,he w5t to ,france prior to #ahjj1 & on 8 return introduc$ a porcela9 body sup]ior to any?+ !n produc$ 9 ,engl&4 ,) ,josiah ,spode ! second he claims m att5tion z a mak] ( porcela9 ?an ( e>!nw>e4 ,b 8 e>!nw>e is highly priz$ by collectors4 ,8 blue-pr9t$ w>e 0 exceptionally f9e1 & he foll[$ 9 8 plates & di%es ! /yle ( ,turn] & ( ,m9ton 9 ! p]=at$ rims4 ,8 /one *9a is well pott$ & c>efully pa9t$1 & 9 design he 0 n lo? to foll[ ,mason ( :om we %all speak lat]4 ,_m specim5s ( ! famili> type ( jug associat$ ) ,mason's "n1 ( octagonal %ape are f\nd 9 porcela94 ,"s collectors notic+ ! great simil>ity to ,mason h be5 incl9$ to attribute ^! porcela9 jugs to him1 & d\btless1 z ,mason made *9a1 _m are 81 b ,dav5port :o made replicas ( ! ,mason /onew>e jugs1 be+ a mak] ( porcela9 too1 is likely to h produc$ ^! porcela9 replicas also4 ,none ( ^! porcela9 jugs appe>s to be m>k$4 ,dav5port w>e is /rong 9 col\r1 & foll[s ! ri* designs ( ,spode4 ,"s pieces ( /onew>e are ri*ly gilt1 & h f9ely pa9t$ fruit-pieces & l&scapes1 "s probably by ,/eel f ! ,d]by factory4 ,! illu/ration 7p4 #ddg7 ( ! highe/ flight ( ,mason typifies ?is class ( l&scape w>e4 ,swansea1 9 common ) ,/af=d%ire1 _h n hesitat$ 9 pa9t+ e>!nw>e ) l&scape subjects hi!rto employ$ only by arti/s :o decorat$ porcela94 ,! ,dav5port m>ks are giv5 at ! end ( ?is *apt]1 & are always priz$ :5 f\nd on specim5s1 z ,dav5port did n m>k 8 w>e s freely z did ,spode4 ,f #ahce ! firm became ,william ,dav5port ,co41 & lat] ,dav5port ,co41 & ceas$ ab\t #ahhj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dess]t ,,plates4 ,) bord] ri*ly gild$ ) floral design4 ,impress$ m>k ,,mason',s ,,pat5t ,,iron/one ,,*9a4 7,9 collection ( ,au?or47 ,illu/ration3 ,,dess]t ,,di%4 ,ri*ly gild$ bord] ) l&scape pa9t$ 9 col\rs4 ,impress$ m>k ,,mason',s ,,pat5t ,,iron/one ,,*9a4 ,semi-porcela94--,?is is f\nd z a t]m 9 "s ( ! m>ks ( ! e>ly-,victorian p]iod2 sometimes ! title opaque *9a appe>s4 ,^! descriptions are always puzzl+ to ! collector4 ,z a matt] ( fact !y tell ( ! lat] & m mod]n developm5t ( e>!nw>e4 ,x _h snat*$ ! *9a glaze1 x _h employ$ ! enamel col\rs1 & _h adopt$ ! designs ( ! ,engli% porcela9 factories4 ,! rivalry ( ! ,/af=d%ire pott]s & ! ,engli% porcela9 factories 0 com+ to an end4 ,?is /age ( semi-porcela9 & semi-*9a repres5t$ ! la/ ^w ( e>!nw>e4 ,x n[ simulat$ porcela9 9 its body1 ) "o drawback1 x 0 n transluc5t z is porcela94 ,x 0 navely t]m$ opaque *9a4 ,b ! pott]s 7 pr\d ( _! late/ a*ievem5t1 & accord+ly m>k$ _! w>es ) ! above t]ms4 ,z has be5 %[n1 ,swansea came to ! front1 & ,haynes 9 ! clos+ ye>s ( ! eighte5? c5tury produc$ a h>d1 :ite e>!nw>e t]m$ opaque-*9a1 & ,riley's semi-*9a ab\t #ahjj 0 ! ,/af=d%ire equival5t4 ,b1 z we h se51 ! ,/af=d%ire pott]s n only imitat$ porcela91 cont9u+ a long trade rivalry ext5d+ ov] ne>ly a c5tury1 b _m ( !m _h comm5c$ to make porcela9 !mselves4 ,ev5 ! firm ( ,w$gwood succumb$ to ! temptation1 & made porcela9 f #ahje till #ahae1 :i* manufacture 0 reviv$ aga9 9 #ahgh4 ,?omas ,m9ton 7#agfe-ahcf74--,m9ton 0 "o ( ,spode's engrav]s1 & comm5c$ z a ma/] pott] at ,/oke 9 #agic4 ,m9ton _h be5 appr5tic$ to ,?omas ,turn]1 ( ,caughley1 z an engrav]1 & x 0 he :o design$ ! celebrat$ ,broseley dragon patt]n on ! ,caughley porcela91 & x is held by "s au?orities t ,m9ton engrav$ ! will[ patt]n too4 ,at fir/1 at ,/oke1 he made only e>!nw>e1 & 8 blue & :ite w>e 9 imitation ( ! ,nank9 porcela9 won him di/9ction4 ,ab\t #ahjj porcela9 0 made & 0 cont9u$ ?r\gh\t ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,8 son1 ,h]b]t ,m9ton 9 #ahcf1 took into p>tn]%ip ,john ,boyle1 :o jo9$ ! ,w$gwoods 9 #ahdb4 ,h]b]t ,m9ton rais$ ! quality ( ! productions1 be+ "o ( ! greate/ ( ! ,/af=d%ire mod]n pott]s4 ,9 ! latt] half ( ! c5tury ,m9tons obta9$ a _w-wide reputation4 ,f #ahej to #ahgj a b& ( ,fr5* modell]s & pa9t]s execut$ "s f9e "w1 b ?is trespasses on ! field ( porcela94 ,among ! e>!nw>e ( ,m9ton "s ( ! e>ly pieces su* z plates & di%es enamell$ 9 col\rs ) ,*9ese subjects1 are m>k$ ) ! lett] ,m 9 blue & a numb]4 ,"s ( ! e>lie/-kn[n examples 9 e>!nw>e ( ! celebrat$ will[ patt]n1 su* z plates ) p]=at$ edges 7simil> to t illu/rat$1 p4 #cca7 & baskets1 are by ,?omas ,m9ton4 ,iron/one ,*9a4--,?is aga9 is a t]m us$ by ,mason & o!rs 9 reg>d to an e>!nw>e body = :i* ! firm ( ,mason1 ( ,lane ,delph1 took out a pat5t 9 #ahac4 ,x is a w>e1 heavy 9 weight1 & possess+ great /r5g?4 ,9 pieces ( important size1 su* z pun* b[ls ( huge proportions1 & po/s = old-fa%ion$ b$/eads ?is 0 ( no little value4 ,we h already allud$ to ! ,mason s]ies ( octagonal-%ap$ jugs ( pleas+ %ape1 und\bt$ly foll[+ ! ,spode s*eme ( col\r 9 ,japanese /yle1 b lack+ ! f9] f9i% ( ,spode w>e4 ,al?\gh und\bt$ly orig9al 9 design1 ^! jugs 7 easily excell$ 9 pott+ & col\r+ by copyi/s su* z ,dav5port4 ,b ,mason's blue 9 8 imitations ( old ,nank9 w>e is exceptionally f9e4 ,!re are d9n]-s]vices consi/+ ( a great numb] ( pieces pa9t$ 9 "u-glaze blue :i* are v ri* 9 tone1 & /& comp>ison ) any ( ! blues ( ,/af=d%ire1 n except+ ^? ( ,adams & ,m9ton4 ,we illu/rate a l>ge vase obvi\sly a replica ( a ,*9ese model1 & enamell$ 9 v ri* col\rs4 ,x %[s a rem>kable facility 9 pott+1 & al?\gh /rongly col\r$ conveys )\t c>icature ! decorative qualities ( ! ,*9ese pott]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,granite ,,*9a ,,vase4 ,ri*ly decorat$ 9 col\rs4 ,grass-gre5 gr\nd4 ,panels ) l&scape 9 ,japanese ,im>i col\rs4 ,ri* blue base & top heavily gild$4 ,dragon h&les salmon-p9k col\r4 7,height #b feet47 ,illu/ration3 ,,base ,,( ,,above ,,vase4 ,%[+ m>k ,,granite ,,*9a4 ,,/af=d%ire ,,pott]ies4 ,,f5ton ,,/one ,,works4 ,c ,j ,m ,,co4 7,9 ! collection ( ,dr4 ,h4 ,b\rnes ,walk]47 ,! vase is two feet 9 height4 ,! gr\nd is grass gre54 ,! panels h pa9t$ l&scapes 9 ,im>i col\rs4 ,! base & ! top are a ri* blue heavily gild$1 & ! dragon h&les are a salmon p9k4 ,obvi\sly ?is1 al?\gh imitative1 is a v ambiti\s piece4 ,! m>k ( ?is vase /amp$ on ! bottom 7illu/rat$ p4 #dea7 is int]e/+4 ,an outl9e design repres5ts ! pott]y works4 ,x is m>k$ ,f5ton ,/one ,works ,c4 ,j4 ,m4 ,co4 & 9 ! out] rim is ! inscription ,granite *9a1 ,/af=d%ire ,pott]ies4 ,! initials ,c4 ,j4 ,m4 /& = ,*>les ,james ,mason1 :o toge!r ) ,g4 ,miles ,mason appli$ = ! iron/one *9a pat5t 9 #ahac4 ,among o!r w>e1 simil> to ! e>ly cream w>e is a body t]m$ ,mason's ,cambrian-,argil4 ,?is evid5tly is 9 direct rivalry to ! ,swansea cream w>e m>k$ ,cambrian4 ,e>li] jugs by him are r>ely m>k$1 & are n ( ! octagonal =m1 ?\gh ! sides are prismatic1 & usually sev5 9 numb]4 ,!y are ( a buff-col\r$1 s(t1 & *alky body1 b ! decorations are obvi\sly 8 9 simil> /yle to 8 s]ies ( /onew>e jugs4 ,! h&le ( ?is e>li] =m is n ( ! snake or liz>d =m1 b foll[s 9 design ! metal h&le ( teapots ( ! p]iod4 ,t ! ,masons c\ld & did produce e>!nw>e ( a v high1 arti/ic quality is %[n by ! illu/ration 7p4 #ddg7 ( ?ree pieces m>k$ ) ! impress$ m>k runn+ 9 "o l9e across ! back ( ! examples ,,mason',s ,,pat5t ,,iron/one ,,*9a4 ,! gild+ 9 ! floral design 9 ! bord]s is well done1 & ! l&scapes 9 ! c5tre are f9ely pa9t$4 ,!y are 9 ! bru% "w pati5tly /ippl$ ) z mu* m9ut5ess z ! "w ( ,birket ,fo/]4 ,a dess]t s]vice ( :i* ?is =ms portion1 is a v desirable acquisition1 & repres5ts /one *9a at its high-wat] m>k4 ,! v>i\s m>ks us$ by ! ,masons are giv5 at ! end ( ?is *apt]4 ,9 #ahea ! pott]y 0 pur*as$ by ,francis ,morley1 & x 0 incorporat$ ) ,ridgway1 ,morley1 ,we> ,co41 & at a lat] date pass$ into ! h&s ( ,messrs4 ,c4 ,e4 ,a%wor? & ,taylor ,a%wor?1 :o to ?is day rev]t to ! orig9al patt]ns ( ! ,mason jugs :i* h become s des]v$ly popul>4 ,mo/ ( ^! old patt]ns are be+ produc$1 al?\gh ( c\rse !y h n ! *>m = ! collector ^: int]e/ ends ) ! orig9al p]iod "u ,mason4 ,/one *9a became a t]m us$ by _m o!r pott]s :o produc$ /rong & durable e>!nw>e1 heavy 9 weight1 & extremely suitable = dome/ic use4 ,m9tons _h a s]ies ( patt]ns 9 ?is w>e decorat$ 9 ,ori5tal /yle 9 col\r4 ,! mo/ popul> ( ^! is "o t]m$ ,amh]/1 ,japan1 foll[+ ! old anglicis$ v]sions ( ,japanese ,im>i designs & col\rs4 ,?is 0 at ! date :5 ,"l ,amh]/ 0 9 ! public eyes4 ,x w be rememb]$ t he head$ an embassy to ,*9a1 & 0 reque/$ to p]=m ! ko-t\1 or act ( pro/ration1 n9e times repeat$ ) ! head t\*+ ! gr\nd4 ,sir ,george ,/aunton & o!r memb]s ( ! ,canton ,mission prote/$1 & ! mission 0 admitt$ to ! ,emp]or's pres5ce on _! own t]ms1 :i* consi/$ ( kneel+ ^u a s+le knee4 ,"l ,amh]/ 0 lat] appo9t$ ,gov]nor-,g5]al ( ,india4 ,!re are a great _m pott]s ^: names are f\nd on e>!nw>e ( mid-,victorian days4 ,!y _c be said to exhibit mu* orig9ality 9 design1 & _! value z collectors' specim5s is inf9itesimal4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plates1 ,,transf]-,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,blue ,,"u-,,glaze4 ,impress$ m>k ,,improv$ ,,felsp>4 ,c4 ,,meigh ,,son4 7,date #ahej47 7,9 ! collection ( ! ,au?or47 ,illu/ration3 ,,set ,,( ,,/af=d%ire ,,e>!nw>e ,,vases4 ,floral decoration 9 gold on ri* blue gr\nd4 ,fl[]s 9 enamel col\rs on :ite panels 9 imitation ( ,d]by porcela9 /yle4 7,9 ! collection ( ,miss ,feild547 ,we illu/rate two f9ely-pott$ /onew>e plates1 by ,messrs4 ,c4 ,meigh & ,sons1 made ab\t #ahej4 ,!y are pr9t$ 9 blue ) designs ( ,engli% primroses tw9$ ) peacock fea!rs6 ,"h is ,ea/ & ,we/ 9 /range comb9ation4 ,=tunately ! plates are n 9 col\rs or ! result might h be5 disa/r\s2 z x is !y are v pleas+ = ! blue is ( a v excell5t tone4 ,!re is no?+ ha/y ab\t ! pott+2 ! f9i% & ! m9or details sugge/ "w ( ! old days long gone4 ,x is evid5t t 9 ! treatm5t ( ! design ! inspiration came f ! ,japanese pott] ^: influ5ce 0 beg9n+ to make itself felt 9 pictorial art ev5 s f> back z ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,:i/l]'s peacocks & ! dawn ( ! lat] /heticism 7 at h&4 ,n9ete5? ,c5tury ,commemorative ,w>e4--,x has be5 previ\sly %[n h[ fond ! pott]s became ( record+ ev5ts & creat+ figures ( popul> h]oes 9 e>!nw>e4 ,! /ory is cont9u$ 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 :i* cov]s1 "o is apt to =get1 ! la/ tw5ty ye>s ( ! reign ( ,george ,,iii41 includes ! t5 ye>s ( ,george ! ,f\r?'s reign1 & ! sev5 ( ,william ,,iv41 comm5c+ ! ,victorian ,era 9 #ahcg on ! accession ( ! late ,que54 ,s t ! t]m e>ly n9ete5? c5tury is n ! same z e>ly ,victorian2 z a matt] ( fact a good deal ( v good porcela9 & e>!nw>e comes well )9 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 b v few examples t appeal to ! arti/ic collector belong to ! e>ly-,victorian p]iod4 ,! n9ete5? c5tury z a :ole 0 cr[d$ ) incid5t1 & 9 ! class ( e>!nw>e ) :i* we are n[ deal+ ! record is a full "o4 ,f ,nelson to ,g>ibaldi2 f ,m>ia ,m>t9 ! victim ( ! ,r$ ,b>n murd] to ,moody & ,sankey1 ! ,am]ican revivali/s2 f ,napoleon cross+ ! ,alps to ,george ,,iii41 z ! ,k+ ( ,brobd+nag1 look+ at ,napoleon ?r\gh a telescope2 f ,burns's ,s\t] ,johnny to ,dick5s's ,sam ,well]2 f pun* b[ls1 inscrib$ ,rum & ,wat] & ,heal? to all1 to figures ( ,fa!r ,ma!w1 ! temp]ance re=m]--all sub-heads are t\*$1 & al?\gh ! arti/ic may be abs5t ! human t\* is ev] pres5t4 ,!re are jugs & mugs ) a portrait ( ,orator ,hunt1 ) inscriptions ,univ]sal ,suffrage1 ,no ,corn ,laws1 dat+ f #ahah4 ,a lu/re mug has a pr9t ) a dragoon repres5t$ z rid+ ov] a woman1 & has ! leg5d1 ,murd]$ on ! pla9s ( ,pet]loo1 ne> ,man*e/]1 #af? ,augu/1 #ahai4 ,! woman c>ries a flag inscrib$1 ,lib]ty or ,dea?4 ,a puzzle jug ( ,/af=d%ire e>!nw>e is inscrib$1 ,hatfield %ot at ,george ,,iii41 #ahjj4 ,god save ! ,k+4 ,! trial ( ,que5 ,c>ol9e produc$ a cr[d ( figures & mugs & plates ) portraits & v]ses4 ,! ,crimean ,w> _h its c]amic record4 ,!re is a ,newca/le e>!nw>e butt]-di% pr9t$ & col\r$1 ) an ,engli% soldi] greet+ a ,fr5* soldi]1 & motto1 ,may !y ev] be unit$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,nelson ,,jug4 ,portrait ( ,admiral ,nelson1 inscrib$ ,engl& expects t e man w d 8 duty4 ,on rev]se1 female figure & *ildr51 inscrib$ ,behold ! ,wid[ ca/+ h]self & ,orphans on b5evol5t ,britons4 7,9 ! collection ( ,miss ,feild547 ,illu/ration3 ,,nelson ,,jug4 ,) portrait ( ,admiral ,"l ,nelson4 ,ag$ #dg4 ,inscrib$ ,engl& expects e man to d 8 duty4 ,on rev]se1 plan ( ,battle ( ,trafalg>4 ,! transf]-pr9t$ jugs & mugs ) nautical subjects we h already allud$ to 9 a previ\s *apt]4 ,! unfamili> uni=m ( ! late eighte5? & e>ly n9ete5? c5tury ,jack ,t> is a /udy 9 co/ume4 ,?is sil5t c]amic _w ( old ?ree deck]s & %ips ( ! l9e & b>ques & brigant9es is all t is left ( a fleet ( %ips :i* h long s9ce sail$ _! la/ voyage--an armada ( non-exi/5t craft z gho/ly z ! phantom %ip ( ,v&]deck54 ,nelson jugs are ( _m types2 we illu/rate two v>ieties 7p4 #dei74 ,"s ( !m are z e>ly z #agig1 & o!rs z late z #ahbj4 ,! top jug illu/rat$ is ( ,/af=d%ire cream w>e1 & is 9 date aft] ,trafalg> 7#ahje71 made to commemorate ?is victory4 ,! portrait ( ,nelson has an inscription ov] x1 ,engl& ,expects e ,man to d 8 ,duty4 ,on ! rev]se is a plan ( ! ,battle ( ,trafalg> ) ! disposition ( ! %ips & a slight description :i* ends 9 ! s5t5ce 9 :i* ,action ! ,intrepid ,nelson fell cov]$ ) ,glory & ,r5[n4 ,! l[] jug is ( ! same p]iod & ! portrait ( ,nelson is m au!ntic4 ,x is transf]-pr9t$1 ! uni=m be+ slightly t\*$ 9 col\r4 ,on ! rev]se !re is a female figure & two *ildr51 & ! sad human t\* 9 ! inscription1 ,behold ! ,wid[ ca/+ h]self & ,orphans on b5evol5t ,britons4 ,?is is1 inde$1 ! rev]se ( ! m$al4 ,! glory ( w> is exalt$ unduly4 ,b ! awful reality does n always come home s po9t$ly z 9 ?is homely jug1 :i* 9 its way records ! simple annals ( ! poor4 ,we are rem9d$ ( ! l9es ( t =gott5 poet1 ,amelia ,opie1 & ( ! wood-engrav+ by ,dalziel 9 ,willmott's ,poets ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 publi%$ 9 ! sixties4 ,! ,orphan ,boy's ,tale1 :o tells h[ pleas$ he 0-- ,:5 ! news ( ,nelson's victory came1 ,along ! cr[d$ /reets to fly ,& see ! light$ w9d[s flame6 ,! %\ts ( ! cr[d rejoic+ dr[n$ ! wid['s te>s4 ,9 simple1 b none ! less poetical1 language ! *ild cont9ues3 ,%e c\ld n be> to see my joy2 ,= ) my fa!r's life 'twas b\ght1 ,& made me h] poor orphan boy4 ,x is und\bt$ly su* human t\*es z ^! on ! dome/ic crude w>e :i* /ir ! he>t's blood quick] ?an all ! gods & goddesses ev] turn$ out 9 ,/af=d%ire4 ,! age ( /eam & /eel & its inv5tions did n come unh]ald$4 ,we illu/rate a plate ( "o ( ! e>lie/ /eam c>riages 7p4 #dfc74 ,! plate is ( ,/af=d%ire orig9 & evid5tly 0 int5d$ to be sold 9 ,g]many z a pres5t f ,london1 z ! inscription runs1 ,dampf ,wag5 von ,london na* ,bri/ol4 ,e9 ,ges*5k fr me95 ,lieb5 ,jung5 7,/eam ,coa* f ,london to ,bri/ol4 ,a ,pres5t = my de> boy74 ,9 date ?is is ab\t #ahbg z ! accompany+ engrav+1 entitl$ ! ,new ,/eam ,c>riage1 is f a p]iodical publication ( t date4 ,illu/ration3 ,,transf]-,,pr9t$ ,,plate ,,9 ,,col\rs4 ,inscription--,dampf ,wag5 von ,london na* ,bri/ol4 ,e9 ,ges*5k fr me95 ,lieb5 ,jung54 7,/af=d%ire1 ab\t #ahcj47 7,9 collection ( ,au?or47 ,illu/ration3 ,,new ,,/eam ,,coa*4 ,f an old pr9t dat$ #ahbg4 ,equally int]e/+ is ! ,/af=d%ire blue-pr9t$ ,jug m>k$ at back ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] ,railway %[+ ! fam\s ,rocket /eam-eng9e inv5t$ by ,george ,/eph5son4 ,! date ( ?is is #ahcj4 ,a f9e ,cyd] ,mug pr9t$ 9 black ) t\*es ( col\r %[s an e>ly pass5g] tra94 ,! luggage1 z w be se51 is on ! ro(s ( ! c>riages4 ,! ari/ocratic company at ! re> are seat$ 9 _! own c>riage1 ! ladies ( ! p>ty are noticeable by _! old-fa%ion$ poke bonnets4 ,!re is some?+ v int]e/+ 9 ^! old railway mugs & jugs4 ,!y are mod]n1 t is 9 reg>d to te*nique & arti/ic beauty1 b ! subjects are ( suffici5t int]e/ to make ! w>e important en\gh to f9d a treasur$ place ( hon\r 9 ! collector's cab9et4 ,lambe? ,/onew>e4--,m5tion %\ld be made ( ! revival ( arti/ic /onew>e at ,lambe? ab\t #ahej by ,h5ry ,d\lton1 ( ! ,lambe? pott]y4 ,an attempt 0 made to make vessels = ord9>y use z ornam5tal 9 "* z ! old ,flemi% /onew>e4 ,"s ( ! e>ly pieces are 9 br[n /onew>e ) incis$ decoration fill$ ) blue-glaze4 ,tank>ds & vases & jugs 7 made ( v pleas+ "*4 ,"u ,sir ,h5ry ,d\lton great advances 7 made1 & mugs ) hunt+ subjects & _m grotesque br&y bottles ( /onew>e 7 made4 ,light br[n /onew>e flasks modell$ to repres5t ,"l ,br\gham1 & impress$ ,! ,true ,_s ( ,re=m1 & ,br\gham's ,re=m ,cordial1 are (t5 ( ,lambe? orig94 ,9 date ^! are ab\t #ahcj1 o!r factories made simil> w>e1 includ+ ! ,d]by%ire pott]ies4 ,( ! ,d\lton & ,watts p]iod :i* comm5c$ #ahae1 f #ahae to #ahcb "s f9e ,napoleonic /onew>e 0 turn$ out4 ,!re is1 9 p>ticul>1 a small /onew>e1 br[n j> ( ,napoleon made ab\t #ahbe1 :i* is f9ely modell$ & an excell5t portrait4 ,9 ! ,re=m days ( ! e>ly ?irties !y produc$1 to supply a public dem&1 _m _s j>s ) m or less grotesque models ( ,e>l ,grey1 ,"l ,br\gham1 ,william ,cobbett1 & ,"l ,john ,russell4 ,9 ! museum at ,messrs4 ,d\lton's at ,lambe? are "s f9e examples ( ! e>ly p]iod4 ,we illu/rate a /rongly modell$ jug ) ,bac*analian subject 9 high relief 7p4 #dga71 %[+ ! excell5ce ( "s ( ?is e>ly "w at its be/4 ,! ,tw5tie? ,c5tury ,collector4--,! /ory ( ! triumphs & sometimes ( ! decad5ce ( ,engli% pott]y _c be end$ )\t a pass+ ref]5ce to ! wondr\s w>e be+ produc$ at ! end ( ! n9ete5? c5tury & n[4 ,x %\ld appeal to-day to ! presci5t collector4 ,x w appeal to ! collector fifty ye>s h5ce4 ,"u ! "n ( ! ,lanca/rian ,pott]y ,messrs4 ,pilk+ton1 at ,clifton ,junction1 ne> ,man*e/]1 h dur+ ! pa/ few ye>s produc$ "s ( ! mo/ beautiful w>e ev] se5 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,at ! exhibition ( ?is w>e 9 ,london 9 #aijd !y a/oni%$ all exp]ts4 ,! indescribable v>iety ( exquisite col\rs1 rang+ f fa9t p9k & sky blue to ! ri*e/ purple & d>k gre5 & amb]1 %[$ at once t mod]n sci5tific me?ods & pa9/ak+ rese>* _h r$iscov]$ ! lo/ glazes ( ! old ,*9ese pott]s4 ,! />ry cry/all9e glazes s well kn[n 9 ! ,cop5hag5 porcela9 h be5 fai?fully reproduc$1 recall+ ! patt]ns trac$ on ! w9d[-pane by fro/--sometimes brilliantly col\r$ blue or gre5 aga9/ a backgr\nd ( pale lav5d] blue1 at o!r times hav+ a %e5 l bronze4 ,o!r cry/all9e glazes are ! ,sun/one 9 :i* brilliant prismatic & gold5 cry/als are dissem9at$ ?r\gh ri* gre5 yell[ or olive br[n glazes4 ,! fi]y cry/all9e glazes display brilliant r$ cry/all9e =mation ?r\gh purple & grey glaze 9 dazzl+ pat*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/af=d%ire ,,blue ,,pr9t$ ,,jug4 ,m>k$ at back ,liv]pool ,man*e/] ,railway4 ,%[+ ! fam\s ,rocket locomotive inv5t$ by ,george ,/eph5son4 7,date #ahcj47 7,9 ! collection ( ,miss ,feild547 ,illu/ration3 ,,cyd] ,,mug4 ,pr9t$ 9 black ) t\*es ( col\r4 7,9 ! collection ( ,mrs4 ,m4 ,m4 ,fairbairn47 ,opalesc5t cl\d$1 or curdl$1 or ve9$1 or s]p5t9e glazes h c\ntless v>iations ( col\rs--copp]-gre51 turquoise-blue1 or deep lapis-lazuli brok5 ) :ite curds1 or opalesc5t ve9+s1 or f9e l9es ( v>iegat$ col\r %ot ?r\gh ! glaze f top to bottom--?is alone sugge/s a dream ( col\r s*emes1 & ! wise collector w realise )\t fur!r ado t we are 9 a p]iod ( great c]amic triumphs 9 pott]y ( ?is nature4 ,texture glazes ( *ick5-sk91 fruit-sk91 & orange-sk9 are highly priz$1 & vellum or egg-%ell glazes spla%$ & m>k$ l ,nature's own h&iwork 9 ! mo/ beautiful birds' eggs4 ,or !re are metallic effects ( peculi> beauty & gold5 lacqu] glazes resembl+ ! old gold lac-"w ( ,*9ese & ,japanese arti/s s cunn+ly imitat$ by ,m>t91 ! ,fr5* cab9et-mak]1 9 8 ,v]nis-,m>t91 s belov$ ( collectors ( furniture & fans4 ,( purple glazes ( ! transmutation class "s ( ! ri*e/ effects h be5 obta9$ 9 col\r & 9 spla%$ effects4 ,w9e purple1 mulb]ry1 & o!r allur+ tones h bur/ ^u an a/oni%$ circle ( connoisseurs4 ,( ! flamb specim5s x is n too mu* to say t _! l1 = :i* ! ,*9ese pott]s 7 s fam\s1 h nev] be5 se5 be=e 9 ,europe4 ,! ,havil&s ( ,limoges1 ,cop5hag51 & ,svres1 & ,b]l9 pott]s1 z well z ! arti/s 9 ! ,rookwood ,pott]y 9 ,am]ica1 h work$ 9 ! same field2 b x is pleasant to ?9k t ,engli% pott]s h produc$ great] v>iety1 includ+ ,lanca/rian lu/re w>e ( weal? ( gl[+ col\r n surpass$ by ! ,hispano-,moresque pott]s nor by ! lu/r\s majolica ( ! ,italian r5aissance4 ,to ! sci5tific activity 9 wre/+ f ! pa/ ! lo/ secrets ( ! old ,*9ese pott]s1 a great tribute ( praise %\ld be accord$ to ,mr4 ,william ,burton & 8 bro!r1 ,mr4 ,joseph ,burton4 ,o!r work]s 9 ! same field ( glazes are ,mr4 ,b]n>d ,moore1 ( ,london1 ^: glori\s flamb1 ri* r$1 & sang-de-boeuf glazes are ( unsurpass$ beauty4 ,mr4 ,william de ,morgan has = _m ye>s be5 kn[n = 8 lu/r\s tiles & "w ( f9e orig9ality & /r5g?4 ,ano!r pott]y kn[n z ! ,rusk9 ,pott]y conduct$ by ,mr4 ,w4 ,h[son ,taylor at ,we/ ,sme?wick1 ,birm+ham1 is a bright spot 9 rec5t c]amic ent]prise1 & has won di/9ction = w>e :i* is ( great beauty4 ,9 br++ ! /ory ( ,engli% e>!nw>e to a conclusion1 x is ! hope ( ! writ] t ! gr\nd has be5 suffici5tly cov]$ to provide an outl9e hi/ory ( a complex subject4 ,x may be t mu* appe>s t might h be5 omitt$1 & t mu* is omitt$ t might h appe>$ )9 ^! cov]s4 ,b x mu/ be all[$ t p]sonal ta/es play an important "p 9 selection ei!r by ! collector or by ! /ud5t4 ,b 9 matt]s ( fact & 9 ! mass ( details relative to ! pott]s & _! w>es no pa9s h be5 sp>$ to make ?is little h&book wor?y ( its subject4 ,illu/ration3 ,,d\lton ,,/onew>e ,,jug4 7,date ab\t #ahde4 ,height #aj in*es47 7,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,w4 ,g4 ,honey47 ,,m>ks ,,f\nd ,,on ,,late ,,/af=d%ire ,,e>!nw>e4 ,! fir/ half ( ! n9ete5? c5tury 9 e>!nw>e includ$ a v>iety ( types3 7#a7 ! la/ output ( ! classical s*ool2 7#b7 cream w>e transf]-pr9t+ 9 "u-glaze blue2 7#c7 ! s*ool ( col\ri/s 9 imitation ( ,engli% porcela94 ,9 ! foll[+ li/ a great _m names appe> ( pott]s n well kn[n nor wor?y ( m ?an pass+ allusion4 ,b _! trade m>ks (t5 puzzle collectors4 ,adams4 ,"o ( ! olde/ firms 9 ,/af=d%ire4 ,illu/ration3 ,adams ,co4 ,e>ly m>k = cream w>e1 pla9 & enamell$1 #aggj-agij4 ,illu/ration3 ,,adams ,,co4 ,m>k us$ = solid jasp] w>e1 #aghj-agij4 ,illu/ration3 ,,adams ,m>k = pr9t$ w>e1 /onew>e1 & jasp]1 #aghg-ahaj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,adams ,,w>rant$ 4 ,,/af=d%ire ,m>k us$ = deep blue-pr9t$ w>e1 #ahjd-ahdj1 s mu* collect$ by ,am]ican connoisseurs4 ,spode4 ,illu/ration3 ,,spode ,/one-,*9a or ,,spode ,/one-,*9a ,josiah ,spode ! second1 :o introduc$ ,d]by-,japan patt]ns into e>!nw>e4 ,! "n is f\nd impress$1 or pr9t$1 or pa9t$ 9 col\rs on back4 ,illu/ration3 ,spode's ,,new ,,fay5ce ,illu/ration3 ,,spode ,at ! introduction ( iron/one *9a o!r m>ks 7 introduc$1 & !y 7 pr9t$ on ! w>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,spode's ,imp]ial ,simil>ly ! new fay5ce1 ano!r ( ,spode's improvem5ts1 0 pr9t$ on w>e ( t "*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,copel& ,,g>rett ,,late ,,spode ,,! ,,tib] ,,copel& ,,g>rett ,,new ,,japan ,,/one ,o!r m>ks1 bo? impress$ & pr9t$1 9 ! w>e are ,,spode1 ,,son ,,copel&1 or ,,spode ,,copel&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,copel& ,,& ,,g>rett ,,copel& ,,g>rett ,,new ,,fay5ce ,f #ahcc to #ahdg ^!1 among o!r trade m>ks1 7 us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,copel& ,m>k us$ #ahdg-ef4 ,f #ahdg to #ahef ?is m>k 0 us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,copel& ,,late ,,spode ,! pres5t day m>k ( ,messrs4 ,w4 ,t4 ,copel& ,sons4 ,dav5port 7#agic-ahhf74 ,illu/ration3 ,,longport ,illu/ration3 ,,dav5port ,illu/ration3 ,dav5port ,^! m>ks are f\nd on ! e>!nw>e1 /amp$ or pr9t$1 9 small lett]s 9 r$1 & o!r ,dav5port m>ks1 su* z t ) ! an*or & ! /one *9a design us$ aft] #ahje1 are frequ5tly puzzl+ to collectors1 especially :5 p>tially oblit]at$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dav5port ,,/one ,,*9a ,m9ton4 ,e/abli%$ at ,/oke1 #agij4 ,9 #ahjj porcela9 0 made1 & 0 cont9u$ ?r\gh\t ! c5tury & at ! pres5t day4 ,illu/ration3 ,m ,b ,,felsp> ,,porcela9 ,f #agij-agih blue & :ite e>!nw>e 9 imitation ( common ,nank9 l>gely made4 ,9 #agih semi-porcela9 0 made4 ,felsp> *9a1 simil> to ,spode & /one *9a1 9 common ) o!r ,/af=d%ire pott]s1 0 l>gely produc$4 ,f #ahcf-ahda ! firm 0 ,m9ton ,boyle1 & aft]w>ds ,m9ton & ,holl9s1 & at ! pres5t day ,m9ton is "o ( ! be/-kn[n ,engli% firms4 ,n _m ( ! e>ly e>!nw>e pieces 7 m>k$1 & x is difficult to di/+ui% ,m9ton's firm f "s ( ! f9e blue-pr9t$ w>e ( ,adams & ( ,mason4 ,illu/ration3 ,b ,b ,new ,/one ,?is ,b ,b m>k appe>s on all /one *9a ( ,m9ton f #ahde-ahfa1 signify+ ,be/ ,body4 ,! "n ,,m9ton 0 n /amp$ nor impress$ on ! w>e till aft] #ahfa4 ,ab\t #ahbc ! ,amh]/ ,japan patt]n 0 made1 & has a pr9t$ m>k 9 a scroll4 ,x is frankly imitative ( ,spode & ! ,d]by-,japan /yle4 ,illu/ration3 ,r ,m ,co ,a rhomboidal m>k ) ! lett] ,r1 sometimes ,r,d1 signify+ t ! design is ,regi/]$1 & hav+ ,m ,co1 is n conf9$ to ,m9tons1 z o!r pott]s us$ ! same m>k ) _! names or initials und]nea?4 ,x is q late & on w>e n likely to appeal to ! collector4 ,mason4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mason',s ,,cambrian-,,argil ,! m>ks ( ,mason are f\nd1 aft] #ahac1 ei!r impress$ 9 a /raight l9e or hav+ ! m>k "u a cr[n & 9 scroll1 on 8 celebrat$ iron/one *9a pr9t$ 9 blue4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mason',s ,,pat5t ,,iron/one ,,*9a 7impress$7 ,illu/ration3 ,m4 ,,mason ,8 semi-porcela9 or ,cambrian-argil be>s ! "n on ! w>e1 & 0 int5d$ to compete ) ,swansea4 ,illu/ration3 ,,miles ,,mason ,an illu/ration ( ! m>k on /one *9a1 m>k$ ,f5ton ,/one ,works1 ,c ,j ,m ,co1 is giv5 on page #dea4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mason',s ,,pat5t ,,iron/one ,,*9a ,x %\ld be m5tion$ t ! blue-pr9t$ m>k ) a cr[n & scroll does n necess>ily mean t ! w>e 7especially 9 ! hexagonal set ( jugs7 is old4 ,x is /ill us$ at ! pres5t day by ,messrs4 ,a%wor?1 :o are reproduc+ "s ( ! old & fav\rite patt]ns4 ,collectors are advis$ to buy "o ( ^! jugs z a model to comp>e x ) ! old] "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,p4 ,b ,co ,! m>k ( ,p9d>1 ,b\rne ,co41 ( ,burslem1 :o made r$ t]ra cotta spill vases decorat$ 9 col\rs & gold ) arabesque designs1 ab\t #ahce4 ,9 #ahhj ! factory pass$ into ! h&s ( ,messrs4 ,d\lton4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rog]s ,m>k ( ,dale ,hall ,pott]y1 ,john ,rog]s ,son1 #ahae-ahdb4 ,notable = light blue pr9t$ ,will[ & ,broseley ,dragon s]ies4 ,illu/ration3 ,j ,e ,s ,,dale ,,hall ,j4 ,edw>ds ,son1 ,dale ,hall1 #ahdb-ahhb4 ,illu/ration3 ,w ,b4 ,w ,b ,w ,b ,s ,,clews ,w4 ,br[nfield ,son 7,cobridge7 #ahjh-ahai4 ,illu/ration3 ,w ,b ,bucknall ,/ev5son & ,a4 ,/ev5son alone dur+ "p ( above p]iod4 ,james ,clews1 #ahai-ahbi4 ,8 m>k 0 a cr[n above 8 "n4 ,rob9son1 ,wood ,br[nfield1 #ahcf4 ,illu/ration3 ,,w>rant$ ,,real ,,iron/one ,,*9a ,w ,b ,wood ,br[nfield1 #ahcf-ahej4 ,w4 ,br[nfield1 #ahej-ahgj4 ,w4 ,br[nfield ,sons1 #ahga to pres5t day4 ,*9a has be5 made s9ce #ahga4 ,illu/ration3 ,,italian ,,g>d5 ,w ,b ,we app5d "s ( ! m>ks ( ?is firm1 includ+ ! ,/af=d%ire knot1 :i* has be5 us$ by o!r ,/af=d%ire pott]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,i4 ,,ridgway ,illu/ration3 ,,jr ,,victoria ,ridgway1 f\nd$ 9 #agid4 ,j4 ,w4 ,ridgway & ,ridgway ,sons1 #ahad-ahed4 ,_m ( ^! m>ks h puzzl$ collectors1 z only ! initials are us$ 9 _m cases4 ,! firm subsequ5tly became ,t4 ,c4 ,br[n-,we/head1 ,moore ,co41 & has _h a di/+ui%$ c>e] 9 ! c]amic _w1 ga9+ hon\rs at ! v>i\s int]national exhibitions4 ,illu/ration3 ,india ,temple ,/one ,*9a ,j4,w4,r4 7,see ,table p4 #cdi74 ,illu/ration3 ,p ,b ,illu/ration3 ,be/ ,p ,b ,^! m>ks are f\nd impress$ 9 w>e ( ,messrs4 ,p[ell ,bi%op1 #ahfe-ahgh1 ( ,hanley4 ,!y are (t5 confus$ ) ,p9d>1 ,b\rne ,co41 :5 only initials are us$4 ,illu/ration ,ano!r =m is a ,caduceus1 ! emblem ( ,m]cury1 impress$ 9 ! w>e & sometimes pr9t$4 7,messrs4 ,p[ell ,bi%op47 ,illu/ration3 ,,ori5tal ,,ivory ,a seat$ figure is ano!r trade m>k :i* has giv5 rise to a good deal ( speculation among tyros 9 collect+4 7,messrs4 ,p[ell ,bi%op47 ,illu/ration3 ,g4 ,,hea?cote ,co ,,cambria ,hea?cote ,co4 is a m>k f\nd 9 e>ly n9ete5? c5tury w>e4 ,! blue-pr9t$ e>!nw>e 0 ( a f9e quality4 ,illu/ration ,late ,n9ete5? ,c5tury ,e>!nw>e4 ,! ?ree m>ks ( ! ,lanca/rian ,pott]y1 ! ,rusk9 ,pott]y1 ,we/ ,sme?wick1 & ( ! e>!nw>e ( ,mr4 ,william ,de ,morgan1 are kn[n to connoisseurs ( :at is great 9 latt]-day ,engli% e>!nw>e1 & !y are giv5 "h = ! in=mation ( collectors :o may be int]e/$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rusk9 ,,pott]y ,,we/ ,,sme?wick #aijg4 ,illu/ration3 ,d ,m ,,prices4 ,,late ,,/af=d%ire4 s4 d4 ,spode 7,e>!nw>e74 ,spode felsp>1 ice pails & cov]s pa9t$ ) fl[]s & ri*ly gild$4 ,puttick ,simpson1 ,m>*1 #aijg #ab #a #f ,dav5port 7,e>!nw>e74 ,toby ,jug1 m>k$ ,dav5port4 ,so!by1 ,novemb]1 #aijd #c #ab #f ,m9ton 7,e>!nw>e74 ,set ( ,*essm51 9 =m ( mice1 drab & ivory col\r$1 decorat$ ) black & gold4 ,k+s & ,que5s cr[n$1 ,knights ) swords1 ,bi%ops ) crozi]s1 & ,ca/les ) w>d] on top & a m\se imprison$ bel[4 ,so!by1 ,july1 #aijh #b #j #j ,mason4 ,vases1 pair1 l>ge1 decorat$ 9 gold ) kyl9 tops4 ,deb5ham1 ,janu>y1 #aijf #h #e #j ,iron/one *9a d9n] s]vice 7#aig pieces7 floral decoration 9 col\rs4 ,*ri/ie1 ,m>*1 #aijf #ec #aa #j ,vases1 pair 7#ab 94 high71 maz>9 blue gr\nd1 decorat$ ) ,ori5tal birds1 c4 ,bradby1 ,p]?1 ,septemb]1 #aijf #g #g #j ,iron/one *9a b[l1 decorat$ 9 fl[]s blue1 r$ & gold4 ,puttick ,simpson1 ,janu>y1 #aijg #e #j #j ,,e>ly ,,victorian4 ,/af=d%ire 7,e>!nw>e74 ,r$ ,b>n 7sc5e ( well-kn[n murd] ( ,m>ia ,m>t971 v sc>ce4 ,so!by1 ,febru>y1 #aijg #b #aj #j ,jug1 ) portrait ( ,"l ,nelson1 m>k$ ,,holl9s4 ,so!by1 ,novemb]1 #aijh #a #ai #j ,jug ) figures ( ,volunte]s1 & a small] jug ) portrait ( ,well+ton4 ,so!by1 ,may1 #aijg #c #j #j ,?ree ,jugs1 br[n gr\nd1 ) ,madonna & ,*ild 9 relief1 m>k$ ,meigh1 & ?ree jugs ) ,tam o' ,%ant] subjects m>k$ ,ridgway4 ,so!by1 ,may1 #aijg #a #c #j ,,index ,a ,abbey1 ,ri*>d 7,liv]pool71 #djc ,absalon1 decorator at ,y>m\?1 #cgh ,adam & ,eve delft di%es1 #fg1 #aji ,adams 7m>ks71 #bfc ,adams 7prices71 #bhb1 #bhc ,adams ,bromley1 #bfj ,adams ,co41 m>ks1 #bfj1 #dgc ,adams1 ,b5jam91 m>k1 #bfc1 #cdh ,adams1 ,william 7( ,cobridge71 #bfj1 #cbi ,adams1 ,william 7( ,gre5field71 #bfj ,adams1 ,william 7( ,gre5gates71 #bei-bfc1 #bgi1 #ccj1 #cdj1 #cdh 7m>k7 ,adams1 ,william1 ,sons 7( ,burslem71 #cdh ,adams1 ,william1 ,sons 7( ,/oke7 7m>k71 #cdh sop1 ,fables (1 reproduc$ on e>!nw>e1 #cba1 #cbb ,agate w>e1 def9ition (1 #bg2 summ>y (1 #gj1 #afi2 solid & surface 7,w$gwood71 #bbh ,alex&]1 ,cz> ( ,russia1 bu/ (1 #cgd ,all51 ( 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