,,graham',s ,,magazine4 ,vol4 ,,xli4 ,december1 #aheb4 ,no4 #f4 ,table of ,contents ,pale ,concluding ,winter ,a ,history of the ,art of ,wood-,engraving ,rivers ,were ,i ,but ,with ,thee ,sonnet4--,iron4 ,nineveh1 and ,assyrian ,art ,fragment of a ,poem ,monde ,hedelquiver ,wellington ,sonnet4--,homer4 ,grace ,bartlett ,sonnet ,ups and ,downs ,father ,bromley's ,tale ,hours in ,august ,annie ,the ,useful ,arts in ,other ,nations and ,times ,blind ,sight-,seeing ,the ,lucky ,penny ,the ,topmost ,city of the ,earth ,better ,days ,review of ,new ,books ,sips of ,punch ,transcriber's ,notes can be found at the end of this e,book4 ,illustration3 ,,painted ,,by ,f4 ,,rochard ,,eng',d ,,by ,,ezekiel ,,teel ,,the ,,fairest ,,flower4 ,engraved ,expressly for ,graham's ,magazine 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,,mary ,,queen ,,of ,,scots ,,on ,,her ,,way ,,to ,,execution4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,inundation4 ,,graham',s ,,magazine4 99 99 99 99 99 ,vol4 ,,xli4 ,,philadelphia1 ,december1 #aheb4 ,no4 #f4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration 8,,pale ,,concluding ,,winter40 ,with howling fury ,winter makes his bound ,upon us1 freezing ,nature at a look4 ,he dashes out the sweet and dreamy hues ,of ,indian ,summer1 so that where the eye ,the golden softness and the purple haze ,beheld at noon1 at sunset sees the mist ,darken around the landscape1 and the ear1 ,nestling upon its pillow1 hears the sleet ,ticking against the casement1 whilst within ,the silvery cracking of the kindling coal ,keeps merry chime4 ,the morning rises up1 ,and lo6 the dazzling picture6 ,every tree ,seems carved from steel1 the silent hills are helm'd1 ,and the broad fields have breastplates4 ,over all ,the sunshine flashes in a keen white blaze ,of splendor1 searing eyesight4 ,go abroad6 ,the branches yield crisp cracklings1 now and then ,sending a shower of rattling diamonds down ,on the mailed earth1 as freshens the light wind4 ,the hemlock is a stooping bower of ice1 ,and the oak seems as though a fairy's wand ,had1 the past night1 transformed its skeleton frame ,to a rich structure1 trembling o'er with tints ,of rainbow beauty4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,a4 ,b4 ,street4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,history ,,of ,,the ,,art ,,of ,,wood-,,engraving4 ,,by ,,an ,,amateur ,,artist4 ,illustration ,with regard to the antiquity and origin of this most beautiful and most important of the early ,christian arts--most important1 because to it can be traced directly the invention of typography1 as it now exists1 bringing knowledge and truth within the reach of all who desire to attain them--there has been much difference and dispute among the literati4 ,after the second restoration of letters--,i mean after the dull and dreary interregnum between the era of the ,stuarts and the ,georgian era of literature1 dating from the commencement of the present century--there seems to have arisen a strange habit of referring every thing1 the origin of which was not distinctly known1 to eras the most remote4 ,not to be able to say such a discovery was made by such a learned ,german or ,venetian1 by such a celebrated ,gaul or ,briton1 in such a town1 in such a year1 of such a century1 was sufficient cause for the drivelers of the time--the best scholars of whom knew1 like ,shakspeare1 little ,latin and less ,greek1 assuming1 nevertheless1 the possession of the deepest classic lore--to assert point-blank that it was made by such a wonderful ,chinese philosopher during the reign of ,wu-wang1 emperor of ,china1 or such a remarkable ,egyptian sage1 in the reign of ,tathrak or ,amenophis2 or1 that it was in common use in the days of ,pericles1 or perhaps even of the later ,roman emperors4 ,the general knowledge of the classic languages was then so rare even among the authors of those days1 that the dictum of any dunce who grossly misconstrued a ,greek or ,latin text1 or of any rogue1 who chose to forge one in support of his theory--in those days a matter of daily occurrence--was1 so far from being questioned1 detected1 refuted1 and exposed1 as would now be the case1 within a week of its publication1 quoted and requoted by successive schools of dunces1 until it was received as a truth1 and sent down as a grave authority to future generations4 ,though no author of this day1 thanks to the number and acumen of the literary and critical journals--we do not mean newspapers1 which promulgate1 not correct falsehoods--could originate a blunder1 much less a forgery1 with a possibility of escaping detection2 still1 careless and hasty compilers following what they deem authorities1 without themselves referring to the original authority cited1 are constantly reproducing falsehood1 promulgating it1 and giving to it weight as truth1 when nothing is more averse from their intention than to do so4 ,in nothing is this more the case than in the very class of works in which of all others accuracy and truth are most requisite--are1 indeed1 indispensable--we mean what are now called juvenile books1 school-books for the use of the young4 ,these works are1 unfortunately1 rarely or never composed by men of science1 men of historical knowledge1 men of high general information1 or literary standing1 although--embracing1 as they pretend to do1 the whole range of human knowledge from astronomy and the direct sciences1 through universal history to political economy1 physical and moral philosophy1 and philology--they1 above all beside1 should be the work of men of unerring accuracy in the statement of facts4 ,since it is easier to teach three new ideas to a mind unimpressed1 than to eradicate from it one preconceived opinion1 false or true4 ,it is enough to say in this connection1 that out of all the modern 8histories for the young0 we have ever seen--and we have seen scores1 if not hundreds--we never read six successive pages which did not contain either a disgraceful blunder as to fact1 or a more disgraceful perversion of facts to meet popular prejudices or popular passions4 ,in the pseudoscientific text-books1 sheer stupidity and ignorance produce the same effects4 ,all this class of books1 as a rule1 are worse than worthless2 and we had far rather see the rising generation return to 8,mother ,goose10 8,little ,red ,riding ,hood10 and 8,cinderella10 and thence to 8,sandford and ,merton10 ,mrs4 ,barbauld1 ,miss ,edgeworth1 and works and writers of the like calibre1 until fit to commence the real study of real history and real science1 than have them stuffed with such farragoes of imbecility1 reckless assertion1 and plausible falsehood--under the plea of knowledge made popular--as1 for instance1 most of 8,the ,histories for the ,young10 which afford a perfect type of the class of works1 to which we have just alluded4 ,to this train of thought we have been led1 by observing the pertinacious and absurd folly1 on the part of all the writers on the subject before us1 of ascribing the art of wood-engraving and printing1 to every nation which never possessed it1 and the invention of it to none knows who4 ,it really seems that to these worthies it is quite argument enough to say1 because the ,chinese1 ,egyptians1 ,phnicians1 ,greeks1 or ,romans did not possess such an art1 but did possess such another1 therefore they must have possessed that which they did not possess4 ,thus--because the ,egyptians made wooden moulds with reversed characters or figures1 wherein to make fictile bricks1 jars1 or other implements--they possessed the art of wood-engraving and printing4 ,because the ,greeks and ,romans used to engrave their laws and decrees on stone or metal1 both in intaglio and relief1 and even colored the depressed or prominent characters with various pigments1 therefore the ,greeks and ,romans made use of printing and wood or metallic engraving--as understood in the present sense2 that is to say1 for the purpose of taking reversed impressions on paper1 parchment1 or the like1 with ink or other pigments1 from prepared blocks1 or forms of movable types--the impressions1 not the blocks or forms1 being legible in the usual mode1 from left to right1 or the reverse1 according to the nature of the character or language4 ,it is1 perhaps1 scarcely necessary now to state1 not only that there is no reason for believing that any ancient nation was acquainted at all with any thing in the least degree approaching to the modern art of printing1 but that there is a positive certainty that no people of antiquity was so acquainted4 ,in the same manner may be dismissed the ,chinese claim to originality in this invention4 ,so early as the #abth century1 stamps1 engraved with monograms1 or fanciful figures1 assumed by individuals as their signs manuals1 wrought on them in relief1 were in common use4 ,they were made of wood or metal1 dipped in ink or paint1 and impressed on any document requiring signature2 and they seem to have continued occasionally in use so late as to the reign of ,king ,henry ,,viii4 of ,england1 whose warrant for the execution of the poet ,surrey was signed by this method1 and not by royal sign manual2 the king being then in articulo mortis1 and unable to sign his name4 ,at a much earlier period than this--so early1 indeed1 as the sixth century--the ,emperor ,justin ,i41 in signing documents1 made use of what is now called a stencil1 a thin plate of wood or metal perforated with figures1 characters1 or other designs1 which1 when applied to a surface of blank paper or parchment1 leaves the design on the exposed surface of the paper1 all else being covered1 open to the operation of a brush or pencil1 which necessarily leaves the impress of the form invariably the same on all occasions4 ,from this practice of stenciling1 perhaps1 or more probably from the dipping of the signet-ring1 which had been used for ages in impressing wax and the like1 into ink1 and impressing it on paper1 was derived the idea of stamps engraved with monograms1 and used as signatures--an invention of vast practical utility in an age when not one man of five hundred1 even of kings and nobles1 unless he were in holy orders1 was capable of signing1 or even reading1 his own name4 ,one of the earliest of these stamps is that of ,gundisalvo ,tellez1 one of the ,gothic invaders of ,spain1 affixed to a charter bearing date ,a4 ,d4 #hdj2 and the same sign1 after his death1 was appended1 by his widow1 ,flamula1 to a grant for the good of her husband's soul4 ,now it has never been asserted or pretended that the ,chinese1 even at a much later period than this1 had advanced beyond the use of monogram stamps impinged by hand4 ,in lack1 therefore1 of more direct evidence1 this is enough to justify us in rejecting the claim put forward in behalf of the ,chinese1 to the invention of the art of wood-engraving or typography1 and the idea of its having been imported from them into ,europe4 ,but there is no lack of more direct evidence4 ,for in the year of the ,christian era #abga1 ,marco ,polo1 a ,venetian trader1 voyaged from ,venice to ,tartary and ,china1 in the reign of the ,emperor ,rublai ,khan1 his uncle and father having visited the same countries some quarter of a century before4 ,on his return1 he published an account of his travels1 very copious and very full of marvelous truths and marvelous errors--most of the latter having been since shown to be misconceptions of real truths1 not falsehoods4 ,in this work1 ,marco ,polo makes no mention of the use of printing-blocks1 or of cannon1 or of the mariner's compass by the ,chinese4 ,hence it is morally certain1 either that the ,chinese did not at that period possess any one of these inventions-- all of which have been attributed to them--at all1 or that the people for whom ,marco ,polo wrote1 the ,venetians in particular1 and ,europeans in general1 possessed them in the same degree of perfection with the ,chinese1 at the same or at an earlier period4 ,it is1 indeed1 probable1 that the ,chinese claim was only put in by favorers of the ,venetian claim to the ,european invention or introduction of this art1 in order to account reasonably for their priority4 ,and it would be curious1 were it not almost invariably the case1 that the forged legend introduced to support a false claim1 when analyzed and searched by a clear head1 not only confutes itself1 but that which it was intended to establish4 ,it is very satisfactorily proved that previous to the fourteenth century1 although stencils and stamps had been in use for some time1 perhaps for some centuries1 as means for securing the invariability of monogram signatures1 and of giving the power of signing papers to those who could not write1 no use whatever had been made or attempted of either1 for the purpose of reproduction from a single type and indefinite multiplication of copies4 ,this is what we mean by printing and engraving2 and until it be shown that some nation of antiquity did invent and use such instruments for such purposes1 all discussion is absurd4 ,it were just as rational to argue1 that1 because the ,chinese1 ,egyptians1 ,greeks and ,romans possessed boilers1 and boiling water1 and steam1 with which they might have propelled steamboats1 had they known how1 therefore they had steamboats--as to assert1 that1 because they possessed reversed moulds and stamps1 in relief or intaglio1 for the making of pottery1 with which they might have produced colored impressions on papyrus or linen1 had they conceived the idea of doing so1 therefore they did reproduce works of art from plates or types4 ,it appears most probable that the first direct approach to this art was the practice1 when playing cards were first introduced in ,europe1 of the ,german card-makers1 to use stencils in order to draw1 accurately and invariably1 the outlines of the figures on their cards1 which were then filled in with color by the hand4 ,this1 though not originally intended to facilitate multiplication so much as accuracy1 would naturally suggest that idea4 ,the next known step1 in progress1 was the use of monogrammatic stamps1 some of them of most elaborate and exquisite design and execution1 for the impression on illuminated manuscripts1 such as missals1 breviaries1 bibles and other religious works1 of the large1 beautiful and often many-colored initial letters4 ,and these1 there is much reason to believe1 were more or less in use so early as ,a4 ,d4 #adjj4 ,the history of the first known wood-cut is as follows4 ,from a convent within fifty miles of ,augsburgh1 where in #adah the first mention of a kartenmacher1 card-engraver1 occurs1 the earliest wood-cut known--the ,st4 ,christopher1 now in the collection of the ,earl of ,spencer--was obtained4 ,the outlines are engraved on wood1 and thence taken off in dark coloring matter1 resembling printer's ink1 on the paper2 after which the impression appears to have been colored by means of a stencil4 ,this cut is extremely well-designed1 as regards the principal figures1 which1 with the exception of the extremities1 are executed in such style as would not disgrace ,albert ,durer himself4 ,the perspective is--as usual1 in old wood-cuts even of a later date than this1 and executed by artists of high grade1 such as ,hans ,burgmair and ,hans ,schaufflein1 nearly a century afterward--utterly disregarded4 ,it was1 indeed1 scarce understood4 ,the second and third cuts in existence1 also in ,lord ,spencer's collection1 are an 8,annunciation0 and 8,st4 ,bridget10 both similarly printed in outline1 and colored by stenciling1 the last of these is curious1 as showing1 on examination of the back of the plate--for it is not1 like the others1 pasted into a book--that the impression was not taken by means of a press1 but by friction on the paper superimposed to the block1 by means of a burnisher or similar instrument1 just as proofs are now taken by engravers4 ,from this period1 the succession and progress of the art is clearly to be traced4 ,first1 through figure blocks1 with letterings sculptured on them in relief1 to solid blocks carved in wood and printing off entire pages1 as is done by modern stereotypes1 with or without pictures attached4 ,at this stage of the work the idea of reproduction and multiplication had obtained as the primary objects of the art4 ,the next step was the invention of movable types capable of being combined at will into words and sentences1 braced into the form of pages1 and1 the work completed1 distributed1 and combined anew for the composition of other and different works4 ,from this period1 wood-engraving proper1 and type-cutting in wood1 became separate arts2 and ere long--metallic types engraved at first1 and afterward cast1 replacing the wooden letters--the latter passed into oblivion1 while the former has increased gradually and steadily1 though with occasional pauses and interruptions1 until the present day2 when it has attained its highest known perfection1 while it is still so far progressive1 that it is not easy to predict what may be expected of its future improvement and excellence4 ,and here it may be well1 since few persons comparatively speaking1 even of those who are admirers and more or less judges of the art1 have a distinct idea of its precise character and nature1 to explain briefly in what it consists and wherein it differs from engraving on copper or steel4 ,all engraving consists of cutting with a sharp instrument into a hard surface1 whether of wood or metal1 so that when the picture is perfected on the wood or metal1 ink may be applied to the surface1 from which fac-similies may be taken off by the impression of moistened paper on the block or plate by means either of friction or pressure4 ,the practice thus far is identical whether steel1 copper or wood is to be the material engraved4 ,but with this all similarity ends4 ,in steel or copperplate-engravings the ink1 when applied1 is received into the engraved lines1 and is wiped off from the prominent portions2 so that1 in the impressions taken on paper1 the lines cut into the plate communicate the shades1 the portions left in relief on the plate remain colorless and blank4 ,in wood-engravings1 on the contrary1 the ink1 when applied1 is taken up by the parts left prominent1 and never penetrates into the engraved lines2 so that1 in the impressions taken on paper1 the portions of the wood less prominent communicate the shades1 the portions cut away1 on the block1 remain colorless and blank4 ,thus the same process1 pursued on the metallic plate1 and on the wood-block1 produces effects diametrically opposite1 and to produce the same effects from the two materials converse processes must be pursued4 ,thus we will engrave the word ,illustration3 ,printing on a plate of metal1 and on a block of wood1 and let these two engravings be perfect fac-similies1 line for line alike1 in form1 length1 width and depth2 then1 the impression taken from the engraved plate of metal1 being derived from the depressed lines1 filled with ink1 into which the paper is forced by the action of the press1 will present the appearance shown above4 ,but1 the impression taken from the engraved block of wood1 being derived from the elevated portions of the block1 covered with ink1 upon which the paper is impinged by the action of the press1 will give the appearance presented below4 ,illustration3 ,printing ,observe1 therefore1 that as on the two engravings1 the same work produces results exactly the reverse1 one of the other2 so to produce the same effect from each of the two engravings1 we must have recourse to two different processes4 ,the former of the above two cuts1 is the effect produced on paper from a metallic plate1 into the surface of which the lines producing the shades are engraved or cut in4 ,the same effects precisely may be produced on paper from a wood-block2 but1 in order to produce it1 all the portions of the wood-block1 which now give solid black upon the paper1 must be cut out of the wood2 leaving the lines1 which now give white on the paper1 prominent1 so as to receive the ink and make their impression on the surface to be printed4 ,the same end could be attained on the other side--that is to say1 a light lettering on a dark ground--by cutting away all the metal1 except the lines now producing dark impressions on a light ground1 which would then give light lines on a dark ground2 but the labor of doing this would be interminable1 and the advantage gained1 nothing4 ,this principle once understood1 the whole system becomes comprehensible at a glance4 ,if1 in an engraving on metal1 all the lines cut into the plate were of equal depth and capacity1 all the impressions would be equal as to shade1 and the print would display an impression in pure black and pure white only1 without intermediate tints4 ,so1 in cutting a wood block1 if all the prominent parts be left equally prominent1 the quantity of ink deposited by each and all will be identical1 and the impression will be1 as before1 in simple black and white4 ,to produce greater depth of shadow in one part of a metallic engraving than in others1 the lines must be cut deepest where the shadow is to be the blackest1 and thence graduated1 less and less deep1 to the plain surface1 which gives pure white4 ,to produce greater depth of shadows in one part of a wood-cut than in others1 the prominent lines must be left most prominent where the shadow is to be the blackest2 and thence shaved away more and more1 as the shadows are to be less intense1 until no lines at all are left on which the paper can impinge1 and there will be pure white4 ,the superiority of wood-blocks to metallic-plates consists in their superior capacity for impressing broad1 solid masses of pure black1 as contrasted with pure white4 ,an effect which cannot be readily or effectually given on metal4 ,since in intaglio engraving the nearest approach to absolute blackness1 extending over spaces1 is obtained by the continual crossing and recrossing of slender black lines1 until the white interstices become infinitesimal1 and their effect is more or less swallowed up and lost4 ,the superiority of metal to wood1 on the other hand1 consists in the greater readiness and facility with which it transfers to paper the finest and most delicate hair-strokes1 such as could hardly be left to sustain themselves in wood when all surrounding lights are cut away4 ,this leads to a different mode of handling in the two materials4 ,shadows in metallic engraving are produced1 mainly1 by what is called cross-hatching1 or cutting lines1 intersecting each other diagonally1 with white1 lozenge-shaped intersections between them4 ,this method cannot be resorted to with any facility on wood1 as any one may comprehend1 who will consider1 that in one case1 on metal1 the engraver has only to cut long1 continuous lines intersecting each other1 each line by a single stroke2 leaving the interstices to take care of themselves2 while in the other1 on wood1 every separate lozenge-shaped interstice has to be cut out in precise and regular form1 and with such nicety as to leave the intersections1 often no wider than a hair1 in continuous and accurate lines4 ,the labor and waste of time in this method is enormous2 and1 although it is adhered to by some artists1 the better and1 in our opinion1 more effective way of giving shadow is by leaving greater breadth to the prominent lines where the heavier shadows are required1 and so diminishing the size of the light spaces left1 though in a different direction1 and by a different method4 ,the finest cross-hatched wood-cut in existence1 probably the finest ever executed1 is a large cut of the death of ,dentatus1 engraved by ,mr4 ,harvey from the design of ,mr4 ,r4 ,b4 ,haydon4 ,but1 though it is unquestionably the most elaborately engraved large wood-cut that ever has appeared1 and though parts of it are better than any thing earlier or later1 in the same style1 it cannot be regarded as a successful specimen of the art4 ,it is1 in fact1 an attempt to rival a copperplate-engraving on wood2 and1 as such1 has transcended the powers of the art1 and the capabilities of the material4 ,that ,mr4 ,harvey has effected with wood all that could be effected on wood in this manner1 is undeniable2 but that he could have produced much more with wood1 in a different manner1 is equally certain4 ,if the ne plus ultra of wood-engraving were to produce imitations of metal-engraving of inferior effect1 and with much greater labor1 then ,mr4 ,harvey's ,dentatus were the ne plus ultra of wood-engraving4 ,but wood1 within its own legitimate bounds1 is greater and more effective1 in some peculiarities1 than copper4 ,just as copper1 in other peculiarities1 is greater than wood4 ,neither was ever intended to clash or contend with the other4 ,each in its own empire is supreme4 ,it should be added here1 before quitting the technical portion of the subject1 that one advantage possessed by wood-cuts is this--that giving their impression from the elevated surfaces precisely as metallic types1 the wood-blocks can be inserted in the same forms among the types2 so that the impressions can be worked by the same press1 and printed on the same pages1 while the reverse sides can also be printed1 either with letter-press or other wood-cuts1 so as to form part and parcel of one continuous narrative4 ,metallic-plates1 on the contrary1 must be worked by an entirely different press1 and on separate pages1 apart from the letter-press1 and on one side of the paper only4 ,this gives a great superiority for purposes of illustration1 whether by anagrams or slight sketches of things described in the body of the work1 to the wood-cut1 above the copper-plate4 ,and1 indeed1 this admitted advantage1 with the extreme comparative cheapness of wood-engraving1 and the rare delicacy and beauty which has been attained by the more modern artists of the day1 has led to the very general adoption of this style of illustration for ornamented volumes4 ,it is1 in fact1 rapidly gaining the preference over metallic engraving2 the great expense and very inferior durability of copper1 and the coldness1 hardness1 and absence of richness which seem to be inherent to steel1 having gone far to banish both from general use as ornaments or additions to printed books4 ,as the finest of all methods of reproducing large pictures and fine productions of art2 as affording exquisite adornments for the walls of ornamented apartments--vastly superior1 would people but believe it1 to second-rate oil-paintings--as the legitimate treasures of hoarded portfolios1 fine copperplate-engravings will and must ever hold their place4 ,but for the illustration of books--as books must now be--accessible to the million1 we fully believe that wood is the best1 and soon to be almost the sole material4 ,the day of steel1#a we think and hope1 is already past1 for though we have seen good things executed on that most thankless and intractable of substances1 we never saw such that we did not regret the time1 the talent1 and the toil1 so comparatively wasted4 ,now1 to return to the history of wood-cutting proper1 we find that but little improvement was effected in the mechanical part1 little filling in1 very slight efforts at representing texture1 and scarcely any chiaro-scuro having been attempted1 previous to the invention of movable types and the use of the press4 ,it is probable that ,gutenberg first conceived the idea of movable types1 at ,strasburg1 in or about #adcf2 and that 8with the aid of ,faust's money1 and ,sheffer's ingenuity10#b the art was perfected at ,mentz in or about #adeb4 8,in the first book which appeared with a date and the printer's name10 continues the author ,i have quoted above--8,the ,psalter printed by ,faust and ,scheffer at ,mentz1 in #adeg--the large initial letters1 engraved on wood1 and printed in red and blue ink1 are the most beautiful specimens of this kind of ornament which the united efforts of the wood-engraver and the pressman have produced4 ,they have been imitated in modern times but not excelled4 ,as they are the first letters1 in point of time1 printed with two colors1 so are they likely to continue the first in point of excellence40 ,from this time the art made rapid progress1 as connected with the press1 which in a very rude and primitive state now came generally into vogue1 though the machine of #adfj was as far different from one of ,hoe's marvelous power-presses as is an ,indian's bark canoe from an ,atlantic steamer4 ,between this date and the conclusion of the century1 we find one wood-engraving by an unknown author1 the frontispiece of ,breydenbach's ,travels1 so infinitely superior to every thing that succeeded it for many years as to deserve special notice4 ,it contains the first specimen of cross-hatching known to exist1 and attempts both shade and color1 not without considerable effect4 ,it is said1 by the author above quoted1 8not to be only the finest wood-engraving up to that date1 but to be in point of design and execution as far superior to the best cuts in the ,nuremberg ,chronicle1 as ,albert ,durer's designs are to the cuts in the oldest edition of the 0,poor ,preacher's ,bible48 ,the engraved frontispiece1 in question1 bears the date #adhf1 the ,nuremberg ,chronicle of #adic2 and the ,biblia ,pauperum1 as it is--probably erroneously--called1 in various editions from #adfb to #adge40 ,the following cut is a representation of the press in use at this period1 and for some considerable time afterward4 ,it is a fac-simile of an engraving of 8the press of ,jodocus ,badius ,ascensianus1 from the title page of a book printed by him in #adih40 ,illustration ,the above engraving1 although it is not inserted here as a specimen of the style of engraving at this date1 but merely as a representation of the machinery in use at the time1 may be regarded1 on the whole1 as about on an average with the ordinary work of the period1 both as to design and execution2 it is vastly superior to the cuts of the 8,biblia ,pauperum10 and 8,speculum ,human ,salvationis10 and yet more so to that of the ,nuremberg ,chronicles2 it is inferior to the frontispiece of ,breydenbach's ,travels1 which1 it has been stated above1 is the chef-d'uvre of this epoch2 but1 although slight and sketchy1 it is in all respects superior to the hideous monstrosities which disgrace1 in lieu of ornamenting1 four-fifths of the cheap publications of the day4 ,we have now1 however1 arrived at a period when wood-engraving became not merely a calling1 but an art2 when painters of the highest degree1 higher than ever before or since1 were proud and pleased1 and1 what is more1 able to be designers on wood for the engravers4 ,from this date1 until the troubles of the civil war and commonwealth in ,england1 and religious conflicts on the continent of ,europe1 annihilated the arts1 put the muses to flight--with one sublime exception--and almost overthrew society itself1 such painters as ,wolgemuth1 and ,pleydenwurth1 ,cranach1 and ,burgmair1 and more famous yet1 ,albert ,durer and ,hans ,holbein1 became the chief patrons and promulgators of the art1 constantly themselves designing and completing drawings on wood1 for the engraver1 although there is no reason for believing--but on the contrary every reason for denying--that these illustrious men ever employed themselves in actual cutting2 which was then a process purely mechanical1 practiced by persons utterly devoid of all knowledge either of composition or correct drawing4 ,at this time1 all the merit of the wood-cut rested with the designer and artist1 none with the wood-cutter4 ,now it is shared by both alike1 and to produce an excellent wood-engraving1 excellence both in the artist and the engraver is indispensable4 ,of a bad or indifferent#cc;a composition and design1 the best engraver that ever lived cannot make a good picture4 ,and in no smaller degree will the best picture ever composed and drawn by the best artist be ruined1 and prove an utter failure1 if intrusted to the hands of an ignorant1 incompetent1 or reckless engraver4 ,albert ,durer--of whom the following cut is a fac-simile likeness1 from a wood-engraving designed by himself--was born at ,nuremburg1 ,may #bj1 #adga1 the son of ,albert ,durer1 a goldsmith by profession1 a ,hungarian by birth4 ,in those days goldsmiths were artists of the highest order2 necessarily sculptors1 designers and engravers--witness ,benevenuto1 ,cellini1 and others1 such as ,bandinelli1 and various great ,italians1 whom it would be too long to note1 scarcely inferior4 ,illustration ,ambitious of greater things1 ,durer became apprentice to ,michael ,wolgemuth1 the principal painter of his age and country2 and1 after having served his time1 traveled1 married unhappily1 and died ere he reached old age1 but not before he obtained world-wide1 and time-defying renown1 as a great painter1 as more than a great copperplate-engraver--for it is only the greatest of the present day who are capable of producing fac-similes of his works--and1 what most concerns us1 as a great patron and promoter of wood-engraving4 ,that he was no wood-engraver himself1 is we consider certainly proved1 although by proofs negative4 ,they are briefly these4 ,the designs of the wood-cuts ascribed to ,albert are in all respects equal to the designs of copper-engravings1 known to be both designed and engraved by himself4 ,the execution and handling on his copperplates is superior to those of any other artist of his day4 ,of his wood-cuts1 while the designs are transcendent1 the execution is ordinary2 nor is there any perceptible variation between the execution of the cuts attributed to him1 and those known to have been cut by ,resch1 from his designs4 ,the style of ,durer's drawing on wood shows the hand of a man used to copper2 and is not that the best calculated for producing effects on wood4 ,now it is scarcely credible1 or even to be imagined1 that an artist1 who should have attained1 himself almost untaught--for whoever they were1 he manifestly surpasses all his teachers--such wonderful power and facility in engraving on one substance1 should not1 with equal practice on a different substance1 have evinced the same--or at least some--superiority in handling it4 8,there are about two hundred subjects1 engraved on wood10 we quote1 as before1 from ,jackson's ,history of ,wood-,engraving1 8which are marked with the initials of ,albert ,durer's name1 and the greater part of them1 though evidently designed by the hand of a master1 are engraved in a manner which certainly denotes no very great excellence4 ,of the remainder1 which are better engraved1 it would be difficult to point out one which displays execution so decidedly superior as to enable any person to say positively that it must have been cut by ,durer4 ,the earliest engravings on wood with ,durer's mark are sixteen cuts illustrative of the ,apocalypse1 first published in #adih2 and between that and #aebh1 the year of his death1 it is likely that nearly all the others were executed4 ,the cuts of the ,apocalypse generally are much superior to all wood-engravings that had previously appeared1 both in design and execution2 but if they be examined by any person conversant with the practice of the art1 it will be perceived that their superiority is not owing to any delicacy in the lines1 which would render them difficult to engrave1 but from the ability of the person by whom they were drawn1 and from his knowledge of the capabilities of the art4 ,looking at the state of wood-engraving at the period when those cuts were published1 ,i cannot think that the artist who made the drawings would experience any difficulty in finding persons capable of engraving them40 ,it matters not1 however1 to the history of the art1 whether ,durer engraved1 or did not engrave1 with his own hand2 it is sufficient for us to know1 that it was he1 and his friends and successors1 who raised it to the position which it in their time occupied1 and which1 after a dark interregnum1 it now occupies again1 how high to soar hereafter we know not4 ,the works of ,durer1 8,the ,triumphal ,procession of ,maximilian10 in which he was a collaborateur with ,hans ,burgmair1 ,the 8,dance ,macaber10 ascribed improperly to ,hans ,holbein1 all executed nearly at this period1 if they did not attain the highest attainable pitch of perfection1 fell not at least far short of it4 ,if1 in after days1 the skill of the manual workman has increased1 the excellence of the designer is less marked--or1 what amounts to the same thing1 the best designers have not1 until within the last half century1 applied their talents to this art4 ,at all events1 and all things considered1 we may assume with ,mr4 ,jackson1 that 8at no time does the art appear to have been more flourishing1 or more highly esteemed1 than in the reign of its great patron the ,emperor ,maximilian40 ,from the date of the appearance of the ,dance ,macaber1 which is considered by good judges equal at least to any wood-cuts ever executed1 the art began to decline4 ,in ,england--later1 perhaps1 to receive it than the more early refined nations of the continent--it lingered through the reign of ,elizabeth2 but during the reign of the bestial ,scottish despot who succeeded her1 and his unhappy race1 went out1 like an exhausted lamp1 for want of nutriment4 ,the ,italian school yet for awhile clung to existence1 distinguished by inferior vigor1 but by superior finish and neatness both of drawing and workmanship1 and then perished1 effete before mature1 and never1 we believe1 has again revived4 ,how low the art of wood-engraving sunk after the commencement of the seventeenth century1 and how small appeared the chance of its ever rising again from its ashes1 may be seen at a glance2 by comparing the specimens above1 none of them pretending to be exemplars of the finest work of their several epochs1 with the following miserable abortion1 than which1 it needs not now to say1 no tolerable apprentice1 of one year's standing in a respectable office1 could1 unless he tried to do so1 produce any thing worse either in design or execution4 ,illustration ,and yet this is a very fair example of the style of wood-engraving from the reign of ,charles ,,ii4 to that of ,george ,,iii41 with few exceptions4 ,in a word1 for some unaccountable reason1 this noble art1 as an art1 had fallen every where--though nowhere1 as some persons have fancied1 either disused or forgotten--into desuetude1 neglect1 and contempt1 from about the year #agjj1 until near the close of the eighteenth century4 ,this1 too1 occurred at a period when1 in many other sister branches1 art stood as high1 perhaps higher than ever1 when ,antony ,vandyke1 and ,peter ,joly1 and ,godfrey ,kneller1 and ,joshua ,reynolds painted1 and copper-engraving had shown no decadence1 but the reverse1 either on the ,continent or in ,england4 ,on the #ajth of ,august1 #agec1 at ,cherryburn1 near ,newcastle on ,tyne1 in ,northumberland1 was born1 the son of a poor owner of a small landsale colliery1 ,thomas ,bewick1 who1 by his own almost unassisted talents1 raised this art1 single-handed1 from utter disgrace1 and all but oblivion1 to its very highest pitch of excellence--for in generic drawing and engraving especially1 he never has found1 and probably never will find1 an equal4 ,designer1 draughtsman1 engraver1 three in one1 he has produced wood-cuts which never have been approached1 and of which it has been said by competent authority1 that 8every line that is to be perceived in this1 is the best that could have been desired to express the engraver's perfect idea of his subject40 ,it is said that as a boy this great man was employed as a laborer at his father's coal-pit2 but this may be dismissed as improbable at least1 since he was early sent to school by his father at the ,parsonage ,house of ,ovingham1 in an adjoining parish1 and was subsequently1 in compliance with his own desire1 apprenticed to ,mr4 ,beilly1 an engraver at ,newcastle1 where1 having by a mere accident of the office been employed to cut some mathematical diagrams on wood1 he acquired a taste for the art sufficient to urge him on1 without much encouragement1 to its prosecution4 ,shortly after the expiration of his apprenticeship1 he returned to his father's house1 and there applied himself earnestly to the study of the art in which he was ultimately to gain so much renown4 ,illustration ,in #agge1 when he was twenty-two years old1 he received a premium from the ,society for the ,encouragement of ,arts and ,manufactures for a cut of 8the ,huntsman and the ,old ,hound10 which was first printed in an edition of ,gay's ,fables1 published by ,t4 ,saint1 ,newcastle1 #aggi--;a fac-simile of which is given below4 ,illustration ,although this juvenile engraving of the great master in no respect approaches the greatest1 or even the average1 of his mature works1 it yet exhibits great talent and greater promise4 ,the whole later tendency of wood-engraving1 such as it was1 had been toward conventional method1 not toward the study and imitation of nature2 and here at once1 in his earliest success1 we find the learner leaving all rules and precepts behind him1 and dashing at once into the bold1 free1 and irregular imitations of nature1 by which he was thereafter to achieve a reputation1 create a school1 and redeem a noble art from the disrepute into which it had fallen2 not--as some foolishly have asserted--to revive a lost or forgotten art2 for wood-cutting never had been1 even in the worst times1 disused1 but only degraded from its high estate and abused to base purposes4 ,it must be evident that within the limits of an article1 such as this1 it must be impossible to enter fully into the merits and peculiarities of all the wood-engravers of four centuries2 when at the present day alone there are living more than twenty1 to each of whom more than an equal space were fairly due1 if we but had the space to bestow in proportion to their deserts4 ,as it is1 even on ,bewick1 greatest1 in our opinion1 most original1 most truthful to nature1 and least a mannerist of all who have succeeded or preceded him1 we can dwell long enough only to speak of him generally as the founder of the modern school1 superior in delineation of texture1 in force1 in spirit1 and in the true feeling and genius of the art of wood-cutting1 to all the world beside4 ,to those who are acquainted with his 8,british ,birds10 we need only refer to his 8woodcock0 and his 8partridge10 more especially1 in justification of our unqualified praise and admiration2 to those who are not1 we can only give our earnest advice to become acquainted with them as soon as may be4 ,bewick had many scholars and pupils1 who have brought down his reputation and much of his skill to the present day4 ,mr4 ,harvey1 one of his most eminent successors1 long considered his best pupil1 has given up engraving for designing1 still maintaining high character for ability2 but1 though a man of unquestioned talent1 he is rather too much of a mannerist greatly to delight ourselves4 ,the delicious foliage of ,linton1 king of all modern artists1 is known to all our readers from the fine wood-cuts in the illustrated ,london papers2 as are the traits and characteristics of ,thompson1 ,foster1 and half a dozen others1 although their names may not be so familiar as their works4 ,beyond all doubt1 the ,english school of wood-cutting1 whether for loose1 sketchy1 landscape1 or elaborate portraiture1 is now the finest1 freest1 simplest1 and most natural in the world2 the ,french excel in a sort of bold pen and inky style of character and caste delineation--but it is national1 not universal--tricky1 not artistical1 and lacking the 8touch of nature which makes the whole world kin40 ,no country has1 however1 made such wonderful strides in this art as ,america2 for twenty years ago scarce twenty wood-engravings were published annually in ,america2 now we should be afraid to say how many times twenty thousand4 ,then1 there were1 to the best of our memory1 but two wood-cutters of any great note or merit--certainly in ,new ,york1 we believe in ,america4 ,dr4 ,alex'r4 ,anderson1 supposed to be the first who produced any thing worthy of note in this profession1 commenced the business1 which he still pursues1 in #agih or #agii4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,a4 ,adams was the next1 who applied himself to the art in #ahbf4 ,he has now retired1 it is understood1 on a handsome competency earned by his talent and industry2 chiefly1 it is said1 through his engagement on ,harper's illustrated ,bible1 a work which owes its celebrity to its prestige1 as being the first thing of the kind issued in the ,united ,states1 and by no means to its merits as a work of art4 ,when issued1 in the opinions of those who knew1 it was barely tolerable for this country1 in which the art was nearly unknown2 were it to appear now1 it would be merely contemptible4 ,not to be over boastful of our own columns1 we do not fear to challenge comparison between the generic cuts of game1 which have appeared in ,graham1 within the last two years1 from the gravers of ,devereux and ,brightly1 against any thing of their character since the days of ,bewick4 ,the cuts of ,orr--to whom we had intended to allude more fully--in this paper1 as well as those of ,devereux generally1 prove what we shall do hereafter4 ,but want of space1 in this number1 circumscribes much complimentary mention of these and many other artists4 ,illustration ,note4--,the head and tail-pieces of this article1 without assuming to be splendid or unusual specimens of art1 are given as characteristic examples of the modern style in the treatment of foliage and architecture4 ----- #a ,it may not probably be known to ordinary readers that while a copperplate-engraving begins to fail after two or three thousand copies have been taken from it1 and is worthless after six or eight thousand1 fifty or sixty thousand can be taken from wood-blocks1 and yet more from steel1 without detriment4 #b ,history ,wood ,engraving4 ,jackson4 ,london4 #c ,as an exemplication of the above statement1 two wood-cuts are here submitted1 with the view of proving the absolute necessity of a good artist-like drawing to enable the engraver to produce a handsome or even creditable wood-cut4 ,both the following cuts are from one sketch1 by the great landscape-painter ,morland--the one meagre1 tame1 unfilled1 and presenting nothing beyond a bare1 cold outline2 the other a remarkably spirited and flowing sketch1 not one of the extra or additional lines being supernumerary1 but each tending to give both effect and support to the outline4 ,illustration #c;a ,and here it is well to point out to those seeking to obtain good wood-engravings1 for the illustration of works which they propose to write or publish1 that there are two absurdities1 about equally great1 usually committed by persons in their position4 ,the one of which is the ordering and paying liberally for the work of a clever artist and designer1 and then mulcting the engraver one half the price he ought to receive1 if he do his duty and spend the requisite time on the work1 and wondering why the product is a wretched botch and not a fine work of art4 ,the other is the converse of this1 paying an engraver well to cut1 and grudging the extra expense of a good artist4 ,for it must be remembered1 that in wood-engraving the artist and designer1 where they are not one1 as in the case of ,bewick and a few others--and this is a rare case--must work in unity of intent1 with a perfect comprehension of1 and a full sympathy in1 the meaning and genius each of the other4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,rivers4 ,,by ,,thomas ,,milner1 ,m4 ,a4 7,concluded from page #dfc47 ,many rivers are subject to a considerable elevation of the level of their waters4 ,this is periodical or irregular in its occurrence1 according to the nature of the producing cause4 ,casual temporary floodings1 as the effect of extraordinary rains1 are common to the streams of most countries1 and sometimes occasion great changes of the surface1 and destruction of life and property4 ,one of the most remarkable instances of this kind in modern times1 occurred on the #dth of ,august1 #ahbi1 in ,scotland1 when the ,nairn1 ,spey1 and ,findhorn rose above their natural boundaries1 and spread a devastating deluge over the surrounding country4 ,the rain which produced this flood fell chiefly on the ,monadhleadh ,mountains1 where the rivers in question have their feeders1 situated between the south of ,loch ,ness and the group of the ,cairngorums4 ,sir ,thomas ,dick ,lauder1 in his interesting account of this inundation1 considers the westerly winds1 which prevailed for some time previously1 after a season of unusual heat1 to have produced a gradual accumulation of vapor1 somewhere north of our island2 and the column being suddenly impelled by a strong north-easterly blast1 it was driven toward the south-west1 till arrested in its course by the lofty mountains upon which it discharged itself in torrents perfectly unexampled4 ,the rain fell occasionally in heavy drops1 but was for the most part broken by the blast into extremely minute particles1 so thick that the very air itself seemed to be descending in one mass of water upon the earth4 ,it deluged every house whose windows were exposed to the south-east4 ,the lesser animals1 the birds1 and especially game of all kinds1 were destroyed in great numbers1 by the rain alone2 and the mother partridge1 with her progeny and mate1 were found chilled to death amidst the drenching wet4 ,at ,huntly ,lodge1 according to an accurate observation1 between five o'clock of the morning of the #c;d of ,august and the same hour of the succeeding day there fell #c inches of rain1 or about one-sixth of our annual allowance of rain descended there in twenty-four hours4 ,this was at a considerable distance from the mountains--the central scene of the rain--where its quantity must have been prodigiously greater1 sufficient to account for the tremendous flood that followed1 far exceeding in its rise1 duration1 and havoc1 any other that ever affected the same locality4 ,the ,findhorn and ,spey assumed the appearance of inland seas2 and1 when the former began to ebb1 a fine salmon was driven ashore and captured at an elevation of fifty feet above its ordinary level4 ,most of the rivers of the temperate zones are subject to these irregular floodings from the same cause1 especially those which take their rise in high mountain regions1 the ,st4 ,lawrence being the most remarkable exception1 the level of which is not affected by either rains or drought4 ,the vast lakes from which this river issues furnish its channel with an inexhaustible supply of water1 and present a surface too extensive to be sensibly elevated by any extraordinary rains4 ,a strong westerly wind1 however1 will affect the level of the ,st4 ,lawrence1 and occasion a rise of six feet in the waters to the eastern extremity of ,lake ,erie4 ,an easterly wind also upon the ,orinoco will check its current1 elevate the upper part of the stream1 and force its waters into the channels of its tributaries1 giving them a backward flow1 and causing them to be flooded2 and a northerly wind will drive the ,baltic up the mouths of the ,oder1 and raise its level for a considerable distance4 ,in a similar manner1 the ,neva rises when a strong wind blows from the ,gulf of ,finland2 and that occurrence--taking place coincidently with high water and the breaking up of the ice1 would create an inundation sufficient to drown the whole population of ,st4 ,petersburg1 and convert that brilliant capital1 with all its sumptuous palaces1 into a chaotic mass of ruins4 ,we have the materials of this statement from ,m4 ,kohl4 ,the ,gulf of ,finland runs to a point as it approaches the mouth of the ,neva1 where the most violent gales are always those from the west2 so that the mass of waters on such occasions is always forcibly impelled toward the city4 ,the islands forming the delta of the ,neva1 on which ,st4 ,petersburg stands1 are extremely low and flat2 and the highest point in the city is probably not more than twelve or fourteen feet above the average level of the sea4 ,a rise of fifteen feet is therefore enough to place all ,st4 ,petersburg under water1 and a rise of thirty feet is enough to drown almost every human being in the place4 ,hence the inhabitants of the capital are in constant danger of destruction at the period referred to1 and can never be certain that the #ejj1jjj of them may not1 within the next twenty-four hours1 be driven out of their houses to find1 in multitudes of instances1 a watery grave4 ,this is not a chimerical danger2 for1 during its short continuance1 the city of the ,czar has experienced some formidable inundations4 ,the only hope of this apparently doomed city is that the three circumstances may never be coincident1 namely1 high water1 the breaking up of the ice1 and a gale of wind from the west4 ,it is nevertheless true1 that the wind is very often westerly during spring1 and the ice floating in the ,neva and the ,gulf of ,finland is of a bulk amply sufficient to oppose a formidable obstacle to the egress of the water2 so that it will not be surprising if ,st4 ,petersburg1 after suddenly rising like a meteor from the swamps of ,finland1 should still more suddenly be extinguished in them4 ,illustration3 ,valley of the ,concon1 ,chili4 ,the periodical rise of rivers is either diurnal1 semi-annual1 or annual1 and proceeds from a variety of causes4 ,where streams descend immediately from mountains covered with snow1 the heat of the sun melting the snow produces high water every day1 the increase being the greatest in the hottest days4 ,in ,peru and ,chili there are small rivers which flow only during the day1 because they are fed entirely by the melting of the snow upon the summit of the ,andes1 which takes place only when the solar influence is in action4 ,in ,hindstan1 and some parts of ,africa1 rivers exist1 which1 though they flow night and day1 are1 from the accession of snow-water1 the greatest by day4 ,those rivers also which fall into the sea have their level daily varied by the tidal wave for some distance from their mouths1 the extent through which the influence of the tides is felt being modified by the breadth and shape of their channels and the force of their current4 ,the wider and more direct the bed of a stream communicating with the ocean1 and the slower its motion the farther the tide will penetrate2 whereas a narrow and sinuous course1 and a great velocity1 offer obstructions to its progress4 ,the tide of the ,atlantic is perceived four hundred miles along the course of the ,amazon1 and that of the ,german ,ocean extends about seventy miles up the ,thames4 ,important facilities are afforded to the navigation of many rivers by this circumstance1 for they are only accessible to vessels of large burden at high water4 ,the rapid of ,richelieu1 on the ,st4 ,lawrence1 where the river contracts1 and has its course obstructed by rocks1 impedes the navigation between ,montreal and ,quebec1 except at high tide1 when the water rises fifteen or eighteen feet1 and the rapid entirely disappears4 ,a semi-annual or annual rise alone distinguishes the rivers of inter-tropical regions1 and of countries bordering on the torrid zone4 ,the semi-annual rise is a feature of those rivers which drain high mountain ranges1 and proceeds from the two independent causes1 of the melting of the snows in spring or summer1 and the great seasonal rains to which such districts are subject4 ,the rivers which have only one annual rise are influenced by the latter cause alone1 or by the two acting coincidently1 and producing a grand periodical flood4 ,the ,tigris rises twice in the year--first1 and most remarkably1 in ,april1 in consequence of the melting of the snows in the mountains of ,armenia2 and secondly1 in ,november1 through an accession from the periodical rains4 ,the ,mississippi likewise is subject to two rises in the year--one about ,january1 occasioned by the periodical rains that fall toward the lower part of its course2 but the grand flood commences in ,march1 and continues till ,june1 proceeding from the melting of the ice in the upper part of the continent1 where the ,missouri and other tributary streams have their origin4 ,a very striking spectacle is exhibited by this river in the season of inundation4 ,it rises from forty to fifty feet in some parts of its course1 and is from thirty to a hundred miles wide1 all overshaded with forest1 except the interior stripe consisting of its bed4 ,the water stands among the trees from ten to fifteen feet in height1 and the appearance is exactly that of a forest rising from a lake1 with its waters in rapid motion4 ,for the protection of the cultivated lands1 and to prevent their conversion into permanent swamps1 an embankment1 called the ,levee1 has been raised1 which extends two hundred miles on the eastern shore of the river1 and three hundred on the western4 ,in ,asia1 the ,ganges1 ,indus1 and ,euphrates exhibit inundations upon a similarly great scale4 ,the ,euphrates slightly increases in ,january1 but the grand flood begins soon after the middle of ,march4 ,it attains its height about the #bjth of ,may1 after which it falls rapidly till ,june4 ,the decrease then proceeds gradually until the middle of ,november1 when the stream is at its lowest4 ,the rise of the water at ,anah1 above the site of ancient ,babylon1 occasionally amounts to eighteen feet1 sometimes entering that town1 running with a velocity exceeding five miles an hour4 ,the moment that the waters of the river recede1 the rice and grain crops are sown in the marshes1 and villages of slightly made reed cottages are reared in their neighborhood4 ,these last1 in consequence of being suffered to remain too long1 are often surprised by the returning inundation1 and it is no uncommon spectacle for their occupants to be seen following the floating villages in canoes1 for the purpose of recovering their property4 ,but of all inundations that of the ,nile1 if not the most extensive1 is the most regular1 and has become the most celebrated1 from the knowledge of it going back to the earliest periods to which history recurs4 ,the rise of the river commences about the time of the summer solstice1 attains its maximum height at the autumnal equinox1 remains stationary for some days1 and then gradually diminishes till the time of the winter solstice4 ,the ancients1 unacquainted with the climate of the interior country from which it descends1 and not caring in general to inquire for physical causes1 possessing also a very limited knowledge of terrestrial phenomena1 deemed the annual overflow of the ,nile a unique event1 and attributed it to the special interference of a supernatural power4 ,lucretius1 however1 who soared in many respects above the prejudices of his age concerning the natural world1 assigned it to a proper cause2 though he ascribes too much influence to the ,etesian wind1 and shows his imperfect acquaintance with the geography of the globe1 by supposing the occurrence without a parallel4 8,the ,nile now calls us1 pride of ,egypt's plains3 ,sole stream on earth its boundaries that o'erflows ,punctual1 and scatters plenty4 ,when the year ,now glows with perfect summer1 leaps its tide ,proud o'er the champaign2 for the north wind1 now ,th' ,etesian breeze1 against its mouth direct ,blows with perpetual winnow2 every surge ,hence loiters slow1 the total current swells1 ,and wave o'er wave its loftiest bank surmounts4 ,for that the fixed monsoon that now prevails ,flows from the cold stars of the northern pole ,none e'er can doubt2 while rolls the ,nile adverse ,full from the south1 from realms of torrid heat1 ,haunts of the ,ethiop tribes2 yet far beyond ,first bubbling1 distant1 o'er the burning line4 ,then ocean1 haply1 by th' undevious breeze ,blown up the channel1 heaves with every wave ,heaps of high sand1 and dams its wonted course2 ,whence1 narrower1 too1 its exit to the main1 ,and with less force the tardy stream descends4 ,or1 towards its fountain1 ampler rains1 perchance1 ,fall1 as th' ,etesian fans1 now wide unfurled1 ,ply the big clouds perpetual from the north ,full o'er the red equator2 where condensed1 ,ponderous and low1 against the hills they strike1 ,and shed their treasures o'er the rising flood4 ,or1 from the ,ethiop mountains1 the bright sun ,now full matured with deep-dissolving ray ,may melt th' agglomerate snows1 and down the plains ,drive them1 augmenting hence th' incipient stream40 ,illustration3 ,the ,nile at the ,pyramids4 ,the annual overflow of the ,nile is now well known to proceed from the heavy periodical rains within the tropics4 ,they fall in copious torrents upon the great plateau of ,abyssinia1 which rises1 like a fortress1 #fjjj feet above the burning plains with which it is surrounded on every side1 attracting the clouds1 cold fogs1 and tremendous showers1 enveloping ,an ,rober1 the capital1 while1 whenever the curtain of mist is withdrawn1 the strange contrast is presented of the sulphureous plains1 visible below1 where the heat is #ij1 and the drought excessive4 ,a peculiar character has been given to this district by the violence of the periodical rains4 ,bruce speaks of the mountains of this table-land1 not remarkable for their height1 but for their number and uncommon forms4 8,some of them are flat1 thin1 and square1 in shape of a hearth-stone or slab1 that scarce would seem to have base sufficient to resist the winds4 ,some are like pyramids1 others like obelisks or prisms1 and some1 the most extraordinary of all1 pyramids pitched upon their points1 with their base uppermost40 ,mr4 ,salt confirms this delineation in the main4 ,the peculiar shapes referred to have been formed by the action of the torrents discharged from the clouds1 which have1 for ages1 been skeletonizing the country1 dismantling the granite with its kindred masses of the softer deposits1 gradually wearing away also these harder rocks1 and carrying along the soil of ,ethiopia1 strewing it upon the valley of the ,nile1 to the shores of the ,mediterranean4 ,when ,bruce was ascending ,taranta1 a sudden noise was heard on the heights louder than the loudest thunder1 and1 almost directly afterward1 a river1 the channel of which had been dry1 came down in a stream several feet in depth1 and as broad as the whole bed4 ,hence the steeple and obelisk form of the rocks1 with their naked aspect--which has1 not unaptly1 been compared to bones stripped of their flesh4 ,in the tropical countries of ,south ,america1 the seasonal rains are1 perhaps1 more intensely copious than in any other part of the torrid zone1 and the floods of its rivers are of corresponding magnitude4 ,at the mission of ,san ,antonio de ,javita1 on the ,orinoco1 during the wet season1 the sun and stars are seldom visible1 and ,humboldt was told by the padre1 that it sometimes rained for four or five months without intermission4 ,the traveler collected there1 in five hours1 #ba lines of water in height on the first of ,may1 and #ad lines on the #c;d1 in three hours2 whereas at ,paris there fall only #bh or #cj lines in as many weeks4 ,humboldt traces the transition from the one great season of drought to that of rain1 which divides the year1 in an interesting manner1 with the atmospheric phenomena which accompany the change4 ,about the middle of ,february in the valleys of ,araqua1 he observed clouds forming in the evening1 and in the beginning of ,march the accumulation of vesicular vapors became visible4 8,nothing10 he remarks1 in beautifully graphic style1 8can equal the purity of the atmosphere from ,december to ,february4 ,the sky is then constantly without clouds1 and should one appear1 it is a phenomenon that occupies all the attention of the inhabitants4 ,the breeze from the east and north-east blows with violence4 ,as it always carries with it air of the same temperature1 the vapors cannot become visible by refrigeration4 ,toward the end of ,february and the beginning of ,march1 the blue of the sky is less intense2 the hygrometer gradually indicates greater humidity2 the stars are sometimes veiled by a thin stratum of vapors2 their light ceases to be tranquil and planetary2 and they are seen to sparkle from time to time at the height of #bj above the horizon4 ,at this period the breeze diminishes in strength1 and becomes less regular1 being more frequently interrupted by dead calms4 ,clouds accumulate toward the south-east1 appearing like distant mountains with distinct outlines4 ,from time to time they are seen to separate from the horizon1 and traverse the celestial vault with a rapidity which has no correspondence with the feebleness of the wind that prevails in the lower strata of the air4 ,at the end of ,march the southern region of the atmosphere is illuminated by small electric explosions1 like phosphorescent gleams1 confined to a single group of vapors4 ,from this period the breeze shifts at intervals1 and for several hours1 to the west and south-west1 affording a sure indication of the approach of the rainy season1 which1 on the ,orinoco1 commences about the end of ,april4 ,the sky begins to be overcast1 its azure color disappears1 and a gray tint is uniformly diffused over it4 ,at the same time the heat of the atmosphere gradually increases1 and1 instead of scattered clouds1 the whole vault of the heavens is overspread with condensed vapors4 ,the howling monkeys begin to utter their plaintive cries long before sunrise4 ,the atmospheric electricity1 which1 during the period of the greatest drought1 from ,december to ,march1 had been almost constantly in the day-time from #ag to #b lines to ,volta's electrometer1 becomes extremely variable after ,march4 ,during whole days it appears null1 and again for some hours the pith-balls of the electrometer diverge from three to four lines4 ,the atmosphere1 which in the torrid as in the temperate zone is generally in a state of positive electricity1 passes alternately1 in the course of eight or ten minutes1 to a negative state4 ,the rainy season is that of thunder-storms4 ,the storm rises in the plains two hours after the sun passes through the meridian1 and therefore shortly after the period of the maximum of the diurnal heat in the tropics4 ,in the inland districts it is exceedingly rare to hear thunder at night or in the morning--nocturnal thunder-storms being peculiar to certain valleys of rivers which have a particular climate40 ,the substance of the explanation of the preceding phenomena1 by the philosophic writer of the statement1 may be briefly given3 ,the season of rains and thunder in the northern equinoctial zone coincides with the passage of the sun through the zenith of the place1 the cessation of the breezes or north-east winds1 and the frequency of calms and furious currents of the atmosphere from the south-east and south-west1 accompanied with a cloudy sky4 ,while the breeze from the north-east blows1 it prevents the atmosphere from being saturated with moisture4 ,the hot and loaded air of the torrid zone rises1 and flows off again toward the poles1 while inferior currents from these last1 bringing drier and colder strata1 take the place of the ascending columns4 ,in this manner1 the humidity--being prevented from accumulating--passes off toward the temperate and colder regions1 so that the sky is always clear4 ,when the sun1 entering the northern signs1 rises toward the zenith1 the breeze from the north-east softens1 and at length ceases2 this being the season at which the difference of temperature between the tropics and the contiguous zone is least4 ,the column of air resting on the equinoctial zone becomes replete with vapors1 because it is no longer renewed by the current from the pole3 clouds form in this atmosphere1 saturated and cooled by the effects of radiation and the dilatation of the ascending air1 which increases its capacity for heat in proportion as it is rarefied4 ,electricity accumulates in the higher regions1 in consequence of the formation of the vesicular vapors1 the precipitation of which is constant during the day1 but generally ceases at night4 ,the showers are more violent and accompanied with electrical explosions1 shortly after the maximum of the diurnal heat4 ,these phenomena continue until the sun enters the southern signs1 when the polar current is restablished1 because the difference between the heat at the equinoctial and temperate regions is daily increasing4 ,the air of the tropics being thus renewed1 the rains cease1 the vapors are dissolved1 and the sky resumes its azure tint4 ,the ,orinoco1 when in flood1 inundates a vast extent of country1 six hundred miles in length1 and from sixty to ninety in width4 ,its waters cover the savannas along its banks to the depth of twelve or fourteen feet1 giving to them a lake-like appearance1 in the midst of which farm-houses and villages are seen rising on islands but little elevated above the surface4 ,the wild cattle perish in great numbers1 and fall an easy prey to the carrion-vultures and alligators4 ,in one part of the river ,humboldt found marks of recent inundation at #de feet above the ordinary level2 but above the greatest height to which its waters are now elevated1 he traced its ancient action at #ajf or even #ach feet4 8,is this river1 then10 inquires he1 8the ,orinoco1 which appears to us so imposing and majestic1 merely the feeble remnant of those immense currents of fresh water which1 swelled by ,alpine snows or by more abundant rains1 every where shaded by dense forests1 and destitute of those beaches that favor evaporation1 formerly traversed the regions to the east of the ,andes1 like arms of inland seas8 ,what must then have been the state of those low countries of ,guiana1 which now experience the effects of annual inundations6 ,what a prodigious number of crocodiles1 lamartines1 and boas must have inhabited these vast regions1 alternately converted into pools of stagnant water and arid plains6 ,the more peaceful world in which we live has succeeded to a tumultuous world4 ,bones of mastadons and real ,american elephants are found dispersed over the platforms of the ,andes4 ,the megatherium inhabited the plains of ,uruguay4 ,by digging the earth more deeply in high valleys1 which at the present day are unable to nourish palms or tree-ferns1 we discover strata of coal1 containing gigantic remains of monocotyledonous plants4 ,there was therefore a remote period when the tribes of vegetables were differently distributed1 when the animals were larger1 the rivers wider and deeper4 ,there stop the monuments of nature which we can consult40 ,the bifurcation of flowing waters is sufficiently illustrative of the physics of the earth to justify a few words3--,europe presents two instances of bifurcation--one in ,italy1 between the ,arno and the ,chiana2 the other in ,germany1 between the ,haase and the ,else1 in ,westphalia4 ,asia also possesses1 on the peninsula lying beyond ,india1 two grand examples4 ,what we know about them is principally founded upon the information gathered by ,dr4 ,buchanan ,hamilton1 during his stay in ,ava1 the capital of the ,birman empire4 ,but it is to be observed1 that the communications of these ,indian rivers1 at least as regards those in the country of the ,jun-,shan1 appear doubtful4 ,british travelers have succeeded in penetrating1 from ,maulmain1 at the mouth of the river ,saluan1 into the interior of the country of the ,shan1 which has been so long shut up2 but ,lieutenant ,m',leod1 who reached the river of ,kambodja1 says nothing to confirm the information ,dr4 ,buchanan gives us4 ,the most important of all known divisions in the form of a fork1 however1 is the bifurcation of the ,orinoco1 which communicates through the ,cassiquiare with the ,rio ,negro1 and through this river with the ,amazon4 ,it has already been remarked1 that the observations of ,a4 von ,humboldt have put this bifurcation beyond a doubt2 but the subject deserves a recurrence to it1 as presenting to our attention a singular physical feature1 and illustrating the energy of the great traveler of modern times4 ,he and ,bonpland left ,carracas in the year #ahjj1 crossed the valleys of ,aragua1 and the ,llanos of ,calabozo--excellent pastures1 which separate the cultivated part of ,venezula from the region of the forests and missions--and embarked at ,san ,fernando1 on the ,rio ,apure1 to follow its course downward to its discharge into the principal branch of ,orinoco4 ,they then ascended the ,orinoco1 passing its two great cataracts of ,apures and ,maypures1 and reached the village of ,san ,fernando de ,atabapo1 situated at the junction of the ,guaviare and ,atabapo1 and near lat4 #d ,n4 ,here they left the river1 and sailed up the ,atabapo to the mouth of the ,rio ,temi1 which latter they followed as far as its confluence with the ,tuamini1 and arrived at the village of ,san ,antonio de ,javita1 formerly mentioned as remarkable for its amount of rain4 ,from this point the ,indians carried their boat across the isthmus which separates the ,tuamini from the ,rio ,pimichin1 the travelers following on foot1 passing through dense forests1 often in danger from the number of snakes that infested the marshes4 ,embarking on the ,pimichin1 they came in four hours and a half into the ,rio ,negro4 8,the morning10 says ,humboldt1 8was cool and beautiful4 ,we had been confined thirty-six days in a narrow canoe1 so unsteady that it would have been upset by any one rising imprudently from his seat1 without warning the rowers to preserve its balance by leaning to the opposite side4 ,we had suffered severely from the stings of insects1 but had withstood the insalubrity of the climate2 we had passed without accident the numerous falls and bars that impede the navigation of the rivers1 and often render it more dangerous than long voyages by sea4 ,after all we had endured1 ,i may be allowed to mention the satisfaction which we felt in having reached the tributaries of the ,amazon40 ,the ,rio ,negro1 which flows into that river1 was navigated downward as far as ,san ,carlos1 then supposed to lie under the equator1 but actually about #b ,n4 ,from thence the travelers retraced the river1 passed from it into the ,cassiquiare1 and again entered the main channel of the ,orinoco1 three leagues below the mission of ,esmeralda2 thus demonstrating a junction between the two great floods of the ,amazon and ,orinoco1 which had been1 in the year #agih1 declared by ,bauche to be a geographical monstrosity4 ,the bifurcation of the ,orinoco takes place in the following manner3--,the river1 issuing from among the mountains1 reaches the opening of a valley or depression which terminates at the ,rio ,negro4 ,here it divides into two branches1 the smaller1 or the ,cassiquiare1 turning off to the south1 while the main stream continues its original direction--west-north-west4 ,a reference to ,humboldt's map1 of which we give a translated copy1 will render further explanation unnecessary4 ,the preceding notices refer to what have been appropriately styled the 8might rivers10 and the 8great rivers10 none of which are to be found in ,europe4 ,its noblest running waters belong to a third grade4 8,these10 says ,inglis1 8,i would designate the large rivers2 for great and large are not entirely synonymous2 and1 to most minds1 the term great river and large river1 will present a distinct image4 ,the lower we descend in the scale1 the more numerous do we find the species4 ,the continent of ,europe abounds with examples of the third class--such as the ,rhine1 the ,danube1 the ,rhone1 the ,elbe1 the ,tagus1 the ,ebro1 and the ,guadalquivir4 ,the fourth class is still more numerous2 and of this class1 which ,i would call considerable rivers1 we may find examples at home4 ,father ,thames takes the lead2 and the ,severn1 and perhaps the ,trent1 the ,clyde1 the ,tweed1 the ,tyne1 and the ,tay1 may be entitled to the same distinction4 ,on the continent1 it would be easy to name a hundred such2 let me content myself with naming the ,loire1 the ,meuse1 the ,soane1 the ,garonne1 the ,adige1 and the ,maine4 ,fifthly1 come the small rivers4 ,multitudinous they are2 but as examples1 ,i may name the ,wye1 the ,dart1 the ,derwent1 the ,dee1 the ,aire1 the ,spey1 the ,ex1 and a thousand such2 while on the continent1 of the same class1 may be mentioned the ,gare1 the ,seine1 the ,reass1 or the ,sombre4 ,the word river can no longer be employed1 for now come the family of streams--nameless1 except to those who live upon their banks3 the rivulets follow2 and1 lastly1 we close the enumeration with rills40 ,the small rivers1 with the streams subordinate to them1 are especially rife in countries where there is the vicinage of the sea1 and high elevations on the land4 ,this renders them so abundant in such districts as the ,greek peninsula4 ,there1 ,alpine tracts of territory collect from the atmosphere the vapors of the contiguous sea1 arrest the castellated glories of cloudland1 and awaken in the valleys and plains the refreshing music 8of the voice of many waters40 ,the commerce of kingdoms distinguishes not the rivers of this classic soil1 but they are familiar with the charms of nature1 add effect to the sublime and wild in its scenery1 and clothe with heightened grace the soft and pastoral4 ,following the course of the ,angitas up to its source1 we come to one of the most picturesque sites in ,macedonia1 supposed to be the nymphum or grotto of ,onocaris4 ,blocks of marble1 rudely piled1 as if tossed together by an earthquake1 obstruct its entrance1 which can only be passed in a crawling posture2 but these difficulties being overcome1 a cave like a temple appears1 from the farther end of which runs the limpid stream1 flowing silently over a sand bed1 but rippling when it escapes from the grotto4 ,in a recess1 there are some remains of ancient masonry below an aperture1 through which a mysterious light finds its way4 8,pure element of waters6 wheresoe'er ,thou dost forsake thy subterranean haunts1 ,green herbs1 bright flowers1 and berry-bearing plants1 ,rise into life1 and in thy train appear40 ,upon the large circular valley-plain of ,botia1 the heights of ,parnassus on the west1 ,helicon on the south1 and ,cithron on the east1 send down streams1 covering the undulating surface of this ,classic ,land with a life-sustaining vegetation4 ,the same physical causes--high lands and the contiguous sea--operate1 in ,judea as in ,greece1 to render it a well-watered country--a 8land of brooks10 according to its ,scripture designation4 ,there are no considerable rivers1 owing to the scanty extent of its hydrographical basins2 but the melting of the snow on the high mountains of ,syria1 and the periodical sound of an 8abundance of rain10 contribute to furnish an ample irrigation4 ,its principal stream--the ,jordan--though only one of the fifth class1 and not remarkable for picturesque beauty except in the upper part of its course1 has a sacred and historic interest1 which will always strongly attract attention to it1 while it exhibits a singular physical peculiarity4 ,this is the depression of the valley1 in which it flows1 below the level of the ,mediterranean1 through the whole distance between the ,sea of ,tiberias and the ,dead ,sea2 and the great inclination of its descent from the one to the other1 amounting at a mean to very nearly eighteen feet per mile4 ,hence the force of its current1 notwithstanding a comparatively small volume of water1 and the few windings that mark its channel4 ,speaking of its appearance near the site of ,jericho1 ,dr4 ,robinson states3 8,there was a still though very rapid current4 ,we estimated the breadth of the stream to be from eighty to one hundred feet4 ,the guides supposed it now to be ten or twelve feet deep4 ,the current was so strong1 that even ,komeh1 a stout swimmer of the ,nile1 was carried down several yards in crossing40 ,upon the authority of some phrases in the ,english version of the ,scriptures1 which1 perhaps1 do not express the sense of the original ,hebrew1 it has been generally supposed that the ,jordan periodically inundated the country in its neighborhood1 at1 and for some time after1 the ,israelitish conquest of it4 ,if this were so1 either the river must have worn for itself a deeper bed1 or the quantity of rain in ,palestine must have largely diminished1 for there is now no overflow of its banks4 ,at present1 the 8swellings of ,jordan0--one of the phrases alluded to--amount only to a slight annual rise4 ,copious rains descend upon the mountains round its sources1 and the melting of the snows of ,lebanon supply numerous temporary torrents2 but these contributions are received into the capacious basins of the lakes ,merom and ,tiberias1 and are there spread over an extensive surface1 so as to prevent the level of the river from rising into inundation4 ,illustration3 ,natural ,bridge of ,ain el ,leban4 ,in exactly the same manner1 the great ,canadian lakes1 prevent any rise to the ,st4 ,lawrence1 by the immense floods that rush into them in the spring spreading over their vast beds1 and producing only an almost inappreciable elevation of their level4 ,lebanon1 the feeder of the ,jordan from its internal reservoirs1 along with 8,abana and ,pharpar1 rivers of ,damascus10 and the ,orontes1 gives birth to many rapid and brawling streams1 and a thousand cascades1 when its snows melt1 which strikingly display the erosive power of running water4 ,deep passages have been cut in the rocks1 bestrided by natural arches1 like the rock-bridge of ,virginia4 ,of this description is the natural bridge over the ,ain el ,leban1 rising nearly two hundred feet above the torrent which has gradually dug the excavation1 as annually the spring has renewed its strength4 ,the brook flows into the ,beyrout river1 and its channel would be quite dry in summer1 were it not for the impediments its mountain course presents4 ,it was the spring season1 the time of the melting of the snow1 when the monarch of ,israel1 during his temporary exile from the throne1 retreated for a refuge toward the fastnesses of ,lebanon4 ,he saw the torrents falling from height to height into the valleys4 ,he heard the voices of the waters as they leaped from rock to rock4 ,his imagination converted this external scenery into a picture of the force of his adversities2 and hence the allusion1 in the plaintive elegiac1 commemorative of his condition1 to the 8noise of cataracts10 and to 8deep calling unto deep40 ,in advancing toward their termination1 and at their embouchure1 the great rivers present several striking peculiarities4 ,it has already been remarked1 that a junction of two large streams often occurs without any expansion of the surface of their waters being the consequence1 but a greater velocity of current and depth of channel4 ,in some cases1 instead of a wider course being created by increased volume of water1 there is actually a narrower bed4 ,thus the ,mississippi is a mile and a half wide1 and the ,missouri half a mile wide1 at their confluence1 yet from that point to the mouth of the ,ohio1 the medium width of the united rivers is but three-quarters of a mile1 and through the lower parts of its course the main stream has1 if any thing1 a less surface-breadth1 though vast accessions are made to it by the ,arkansas1 ,red ,river1 and others of great depth and body of water4 ,most of the tributaries of the ,mississippi also1 are wider a thousand miles apart from it than at the point of junction1 and the same feature is characteristic of other great streams1 that as they increase their volume of water and approach their termination1 they flow in narrower though deeper channels4 ,the ,nile is not so broad at ,cairo as at ,siout1 nor so broad at ,siout as at ,thebes4 ,at ,assouan1 high up the stream1 it is #cijj feet wide2 at ,oudi1 #cf miles above ,cairo1 it is #bijj2 and at ,rosetta1 near its mouth1 but #ahjj4 ,this is one of the many examples of benign adjustment with which the realms of nature teem2 for hereby a rich legacy of fertile soil1 usually found at the mouths of rivers1 is saved from submergence1 and becomes the inheritance of man4 ,in their junction with the sea1 rivers display the diversity of sometimes pouring forth their waters through a single mouth1 and distributing them into a variety of channels2 circumstances mainly dependent upon the country through which they flow being easily susceptible of excavation or not1 and upon the power of the stream4 ,the ,ganges pours its flood through the many channels here represented4 ,illustration ,the ,volga is celebrated for its seventy mouths2 and the ,ganges1 the ,nile1 ,mississippi1 and ,orinoco pour out their current through several branches4 ,the space inclosed within these various channels is called a delta1 from its triangular form1 and general resemblance to the shape of the ,greek letter 4 ,so powerfully do many of the great rivers rush into the ocean1 that their waters are distinct from those of the briny deep1 when out of sight of the land4 ,a ,british fleet lying opposite to the mouth of the ,rhone occasionally took up fresh water at a considerable distance from the shore2 and ,columbus found his vessel in the fresh water of the ,orinoco before he discovered the continent of ,south ,america4 ,the collision of a great river current and the opposing tide of the sea is sometimes so violent as to occasion an elevated ridge of waters1 heaving and tossing in a tremendous manner1 shattering to pieces the ill-fated vessel that comes into contact with it4 ,the passage of the ,garonne into the ,bay of ,biscay1 and of the ,ganges into the ,bay of ,bengal1 exhibit this phenomenon4 ,in treating of the magnitude of rivers1 some writers refer to the elevation of the range of mountains from which they descend2 and it is obviously true1 that the greater the height of the mountains1 the more extensive are their snows and glaciers1 and the larger the supply of water furnished by springs and torrents4 ,but the magnitude of a stream is more especially regulated by the extent of country which forms the declivities of its basin1 though there is no invariable proportion here1 for a small basin in a humid region will yield a greater quantity of water than one much more considerable in a different situation4 ,high mountains1 a humid climate1 and a wide superficial drainage1 are the three physical circumstances which lead to the accumulation of vast bodies of water1 the magnitude of which will be proportionate to the degree in which these causes are in combined operation4 ,upon the surface of the ,new ,world1 we have these causes acting with greater intensity than upon that of the ,old1 which explains the superior character of the streams of the western continent4 ,the following exhibits the extent of the hydrographical regions of the principal rivers of the globe1 with the proportionate quantity of their waters3 ,rivers4 ,area of ,proportional ,proportional ,basin in size of ,basin4 ,quantity of ,english ,miles4 ,water discharged ,annually4 ,europe3 ,thames #e1ejj #a #a ,rhine #gj1jjj #ab #ac ,loire #dh1jjj #h #aj ,po #bg1jjj #e #f ,elbe #ej1jjj #i #h ,vistula #gf1jjj #ac #ab ,danube #caj1jjj #ef #fe ,dnieper #bjj1jjj #cf #cf ,don #bje1jjj #cg #ch ,volga #ebj1jjj #id #hj ,asia3 ,euphrates #bcj1jjj #db #fj ,indus #djj1jjj #gb #acc ,ganges #dbj1jjj #gf #adh ,yang-tse-kiang #gfj1jjj #ach #beh ,amour #ijj1jjj #afd #aff ,lena #ifj1jjj #agd #abe ,obi #a1cjj1jjj #bcf #agi ,africa3 ,nile #ejj1jjj #ij #bej ,america3 ,st4 ,lawrence #fjj1jjj #aji #aab ,mississippi #a1cfh1jjj #bdi #cch ,rio de la ,plata #a1bdj1jjj #bbe #dij ,amazon1 not #b1agg1jjj #cie #abhj including ,araguay ,malte ,brun estimates that1 representing all the waters discharged by the ,european rivers by unity1 the ,black ,sea receives #jbgc2 the ,caspian1 #jafe2 the ,mediterranean1 ,sea of ,marmora1 and ,archipelago1 #jadd2 the ,atlantic ,ocean1 #jaca2 the ,baltic1 #jabi2 the ,north ,sea1 #jaaj2 the ,arctic ,frozen ,ocean1 #jjdh4 ,the annexed table has a character of universal interest1 and naturally finds a place here4 ,,rivers4 ,,locality4 ,,rise4 ,,discharge4 ,l',,gth ,amazon4 ,brazil4 ,andes4 ,atlantic4 #cbjj ,amour4 ,mongolia4 ,khan ,ola ,sea of ,okotsk4 #bbdj ,mountains4 ,brahmapootra4 ,thibet4 ,himalaya ,bay of ,bengal4 #aejj ,mountains4 ,bravo del ,norte4 ,mexico4 ,sierra ,verde4 ,gulf of #abej ,mexico4 ,colorado4 ,north ,unknown4 ,gulf of #gjj ,america4 ,california4 ,columbia4 ,north ,rocky ,mountains4 ,pacific ,ocean4 #ajij ,america4 ,congo4 ,africa4 ,lake ,aquilunda4 ,atlantic #adjj ,ocean4 ,danube4 ,germany4 ,black ,forest4 ,black ,sea4 #afcj ,dnieper4 ,russia4 ,heights of ,black ,sea4 #ajej ,smolensk4 ,dniester4 ,russia4 ,carpathian ,black ,sea4 #dhj ,mountains4 ,don4 ,russia4 ,lake ,ivanhof4 ,sea of ,azof4 #hfj ,douro4 ,spain and ,mountains of ,atlantic #dee ,portugal4 ,sovia4 ,ocean4 ,dwina4 ,russia4 ,heights of ,white ,sea4 #dij ,vologda4 ,ebro4 ,spain4 ,mountains of ,mediterranean4 #daj ,asturias4 ,el ,asi1 the ,syria4 ,east side of ,mediterranean #bbe ancient ,orontes4 ,anti ,libanus4 ,sea4 ,elbe4 ,germany4 ,elb-brunnen1 in ,german ,ocean4 #ggj ,bohemia4 ,euphrates4 ,asiatic ,mountains of ,persian ,gulf4 #acfj ,turkey4 ,armenia4 ,forth4 ,scotland4 ,east side of ,ben ,german ,ocean4 #aaj ,lomond4 ,gambia4 ,senegambia4 ,plateau of ,fouta ,atlantic #gjj ,toro4 ,ocean4 ,ganges4 ,hindustan4 ,bed of snow ,bay of ,bengal4 #acej above ,gangoutri1 in the ,himalaya4 ,garonne4 ,france4 ,valley of ,aran1 ,bay of ,biscay4 #djj in ,spain4 ,glomman4 ,norway4 ,mountains ,baltic ,sea4 #djj south-east of ,trondheim4 ,godavery4 ,hindustan4 ,western ,ghauts4 ,bay of ,bengal4 #hej ,guadalquivir4 ,spain4 ,mountains on the ,gulf of ,cadiz4 #bhj frontiers of ,murcia and ,granada4 ,guadiana4 ,spain4 ,pools of ,ruideva ,gulf of ,cadiz4 #dfj in ,la ,mancha4 ,hoang-,ho4 ,china4 ,koulkoun ,yellow ,sea4 #cjjj ,mountains4 ,hudson4 ,united ,marsh near ,lake ,bay of ,new #cbe ,states4 ,champlain4 ,york4 ,humber 7,trent ,england4 ,moorlands of ,german ,ocean4 #bcj ,branch47 ,staffordshire4 ,indus4 ,hindustan4 ,little ,thibet1 ,arabian ,sea4 #agjj north of the ,himalaya ,mountains4 ,irawady4 ,birman ,mountains east ,bay of ,bengal4 #abjj ,empire4 of ,assam4 ,jaxartes1 or ,turkestan4 ,country of the ,sea of ,aral4 #abjj ,sihoun4 ,highland ,kirghiz4 ,james ,river4 ,united ,alleghany ,chesapeake #ejj ,states4 ,mountains4 ,bay4 ,jordan4 ,palestine4 ,mount ,hermon4 ,dead ,sea4 #ajj ,jumnah4 ,hindustan4 ,himalaya ,ganges4 #afjj ,mountains4 ,kizil-,irmak1 the ,asia ,minor4 ,frontiers of ,black ,sea4 #egj ancient ,halys4 ,sisas4 ,krishna1 or ,hindustan4 ,western ,ghauts4 ,bay of ,bengal4 #fej ,kistna4 ,kodos1 or ,asia ,minor4 ,murad-tagh4 ,gulf of #aij ,sarahat1 the ,smyrna4 ancient ,hermus4 ,kouban4 ,russian ,valley near ,black ,sea4 #dhj ,asia4 ,mount ,elburz4 ,lawrence1 ,st4 ,canada4 ,river ,st4 ,louis1 ,atlantic #aifj east of ,lake ,ocean4 ,superior4 ,lena4 ,siberia4 ,heights of ,arctic ,ocean4 #bejj ,irkutsk4 ,loire4 ,france4 ,mount ,gerbier1 ,bay of ,biscay4 #fbj in the ,cevennes4 ,mackenzie4 ,north ,river ,athabasca1 ,arctic ,ocean4 #afjj ,america4 in the ,rocky ,mountains4 ,mander4 ,asia ,minor4 ,west side of ,archipelago4 #ahj ,central ,plateau4 ,magdalena4 ,south ,andes4 ,caribbean ,sea4 #hdj ,america4 ,may-kuang4 ,birman ,thibet4 ,chinese ,sea4 #agjj ,empire4 ,meinam4 ,birman ,yunnaw4 ,gulf of ,siam4 #hej ,empire4 ,meuse1 or ,maas4 ,holland4 ,limburg4 ,german ,ocean4 #ebj ,mississippi4 ,north ,lake ,itaska4 ,gulf of #cbjj ,america4 ,mexico4 ,missouri4 ,north ,rocky ,mountains4 ,gulf of #dejj ,america4 ,mexico4 ,murray4 ,australasia4,australian ,alps4 ,encounter ,bay4 #cjjj ,niger4 ,soudan4 ,base of ,mount ,gulf of #bcjj ,loma4 ,guinea4 ,nile4 ,egypt and ,blue ,nile1 in ,mediterranean #bgej ,nubia4 the ,plateau of ,sea4 ,abyssinia2 source of the ,white ,nile unknown4 ,obi4 ,siberia4 ,altaian ,arctic ,ocean4 #bhjj ,mountains4 ,oder4 ,germany4 ,mountains of ,baltic ,sea4 #dfj ,moravia4 ,orange1 or ,south ,mountains ,n4 ,w4 ,atlantic #ajej ,gareep4 ,africa4 of ,port ,natal4 ,ocean4 ,orinoco4 ,south ,mountains of ,atlantic #aaej ,america4 ,spanish ,guiana4 ,ocean4 ,oxus1 or ,jihoun4 ,turkestan4 ,siri-kol1 a lake ,sea of ,aral4 #acjj in ,khunduz4 ,plata1 ,paraguay ,south ,south-west of ,atlantic #bacj branch4 ,america4 ,brazil4 ,ocean4 ,po4 ,italy4 ,crottian ,alps4 ,adriatic ,sea4 #ejj ,potomac4 ,united ,great ,back-bone ,chesapeake #djj ,states4 ,mountain4 ,bay4 ,rhine4 ,germany4 ,rhetian ,alps4 ,german ,ocean4 #hcj ,rhone4 ,france4 ,glacier of ,mount ,mediterranean #edj ,furca4 ,sea4 ,seine4 ,france4 ,plateau of ,british #dhj ,langres4 ,channel4 ,senegal4 ,africa4 ,heights near ,atlantic #iej ,teembo4 ,ocean4 ,severn4 ,england4 ,east side of ,bristol #baj ,plinlimmon4 ,channel4 ,shannon4 ,ireland4 ,loch ,allen4 ,atlantic4 #bbj ,susquehanna4 ,united ,lake to the ,chesapeake #ejj ,states4 ,south of ,bay4 ,ontario4 ,tagus4 ,spain and ,mountains of ,new ,atlantic #ebj ,portugal4 ,castile4 ,ocean4 ,terek4 ,russian ,foot of ,mount ,caspian ,sea4 #cjj ,asia4 ,kasibec4 ,thames4 ,england4 ,cotswold ,hills4 ,german ,ocean4 #bdj ,tiber4 ,italy4 ,east border of ,mediterranean #baj ,tuscany4 ,sea4 ,tigris4 ,turkey in ,mountains of ,persian ,gulf4 #ibj ,asia4 ,armenia4 ,vistula4 ,poland4 ,austrian ,silesia4,baltic ,sea4 #fej ,volga4 ,russia4 ,lake in the ,caspian ,sea4 #aijj forest of ,volhonsky4 ,yang-tse-,kiang4 ,china4 ,thibet4 ,chinese ,sea4 #bgjj ,the first place among the rivers of the globe is due to the ,amazon1 if not for the length of its course1 yet for the volume of its waters4 ,it traverses the equatorial regions of ,south ,america1 chiefly in a direction from west to east1 and has its embouchure nearly under the equator4 ,its mouth was discovered in the year #aejj by ,pinzon1 one of the captains who sailed with ,columbus on his first voyage2 and thirty nine years afterward1 the stream was traced downward from ,peru by ,francisco ,orellana1 whose name was given to the river by his countrymen1 to preserve the memory of his bold enterprise4 ,but the ,spaniard's report of having met with armed women on its banks1 deprived him of the honor1 for it originated the common title of the river of the ,amazon4 ,its principal affluents rival the largest rivers of the ,eastern continent1 as appears from the following statement of their supposed lengths-- ,miles4 ,ucayali #acej ,yutai #gej ,jaura #gej ,madeira #ahjj ,topayos #ajjj ,xingu #ajhj ,napo #hjj ,rio ,negro #adjj ,the width of the ,amazon averages from one to two miles in the upper parts of its course1 but toward its termination its opposite banks are seen with difficulty1 and it widens to between twenty and thirty miles1 which is about its breadth upon joining the ,atlantic4 ,for two thousand miles in a direct line from the ocean1 the river is navigable by vessels of any burden2 for1 at the confluence of the ,tunguragua and ,ucayali1 where the ,amazon--properly so called--commences1 no bottom was found in ,march1 #ahcf1 with a line of #ce fathoms1 or #baj feet4 ,the tide rushes up its channel with immense violence at the period of the full moon1 in two1 three and sometimes four successive waves1 each presenting a perpendicular front of from ten to fifteen feet4 ,when the tide ebbs in the rainy season1 the liberated waters of the river rush out of their channel with tremendous force1 and create a current in the ocean1 which is perceptible five hundred miles from its mouth4 ,it is difficult to sound the river1 owing to the rapidity of its current1 which runs commonly at the rate of from three to four miles an hour--a momentum not arising from the inclination of its bed1 the fall of which is very gradual1 but from the immense quantity of water which descends in it4 ,the climate of its basin is1 perhaps1 the most humid to which any country is subject4 ,the quantity of rain which annually descends upon this region1 has not been ascertained with precision2 but taking that at the town of ,maranho as a sample1 which is not less than two hundred inches1 the amount of rain poured upon the district of the ,amazon every year must be prodigious4 ,the heat also is excessive through the whole year1 the thermometer in the shade frequently rising to #ajf when the sun is near the line1 a degree of heat not much inferior to that experienced in the ,sahara2 and as moisture and heat are the most efficient agents in promoting vegetation1 hence the luxuriance and energy of vegetable life in the fertile soil on the banks of the river1 where the noblest woodland scenery in the world is to be found4 ,notwithstanding the rapid current of the ,amazon1 its navigation is easy to vessels both descending and ascending its course1 the ascent being facilitated by the far-penetrating tide of the ,atlantic1 assisted by the wind1 which is always blowing from the east1 a direction contrary to that of the stream4 ,but the effect of the presence and absence of civilization is nowhere more strikingly exhibited than on the waters of the ,south ,american river1 and those of its rivals1 the ,mississippi1 and the ,yang-tse-,kiang of the ,chinese empire4 ,the vessels that annually appear upon the surface of the ,amazon are1 probably1 not more than those which monthly navigate the ,mississippi1 or daily pass along the course of the ,yang-tse-,kiang4 ,at the head of rivers1 classed according to their length1 the ,mississippi is to be placed1 taking the ,missouri branch1 which ought to be the name of the united stream1 not only on account of its longer course1 but because it brings down a greater body of water1 and imparts its turbid character to its rival4 ,geographers have1 however1 given the former name to the joint rivers1 the 8,father of ,waters10 according to its ,indian signification1 which may be aptly applied to the great central valley of ,north ,america1 furnishing the following streams1 which unite in the channel of the ,lower ,mississippi1 and pour down through it into the ,gulf of ,mexico-- ,miles4 ,st4 ,peter's #ejj ,penaca1 or ,turkey #bjj ,iowa #cej ,chacaguar #bjj ,des-moines #fjj ,st4 ,croix #cjj ,chippewa #cjj ,wisconsin #fjj ,rock ,river #dej ,illinois #ejj ,salt #bej ,missouri #ccjj ,yellow-stone #ajjj ,little ,missouri #cjj ,shienne #cjj ,quicourt #ejj ,platte #abjj ,kansas #hjj ,osage #ejj ,gasconade #cjj ,jacques #fjj ,sioux #ejj ,grand #ejj ,chariton #bjj ,kaskaskia #cjj ,maramec #bjj ,st4 ,francis #dej ,white #fjj ,arkansas #bejj ,canadian #ajjj ,neosho #hjj ,red ,river #bjjj ,washita #hjj ,ohio #abej ,alleghany #cej ,monongahela #cjj ,kanawha #dej ,kentucky #cfj ,green #cjj ,cumberland #fjj ,tennessee #aejj ,muskingum #bjj ,scioto #bjj ,wabash #eej ,white ,river #bjj ,hatchy #bjj ,yazoo #cjj ,big ,black #bjj ,the most beautiful tributary of the ,mississippi is the ,ohio1 the ,belle rivire of the early ,french settlers1 the only large river it receives from the east4 ,no stream rolls for the same distance so uniformly and peacefully2 its banks are adorned with the largest sycamores1 its waters clear1 and studded with islands covered with the finest trees4 ,all the other great tributaries flow from the west3 its confluence with the ,missouri1 which enters it like a conqueror1 and carries its white waves to the opposite shore1 presenting one of the most extraordinary views in the world4 ,the country around these vast watercourses is of the most varied description1 alternately exhibiting wild rice-lakes and swamps1 lime-stone bluffs and craggy hills1 deep pine forests and beautiful prairies1 the prairies showing an almost perfect level1 in summer covered with a luxuriant growth of grass and flowers1 without a tree or a bush1 the only tenants of which are elks and buffaloes1 bears and deer1 and the savages that pursue them4 ,the bluffs of the ,mississippi are for the most part perpendicular masses of limestone1 often shooting up into towers and pinnacles1 presenting at a distance the aspect of the battlements and turrets of an ancient city4 ,in the season of inundation1 below the mouth of the ,ohio1 the river presents a very striking spectacle4 ,it sweeps along in curves or sections of circles1 from six to twelve miles in extent1 measured from point to point1 and not far from the medial width of a mile4 ,on a calm spring morning1 and under a bright sun1 this sheet of water shines like a mass of burnished silver1 its edges being distinctly marked by a magnificent outline of cotton-wood trees1 at this time of the year of the brightest verdure1 among which those brilliant birds of the country1 the black and red bird1 and the blue jay1 flit to and fro1 or wheel their flight over them1 forming a scene which has all of grandeur or beauty that nature can furnish1 to soothe or enrapture the beholder4 ,the curvilinear course of the ,mississippi is one of its most striking peculiarities4 ,it meanders in uniform bends1 which1 in many instances1 are described with a precision equal to that obtained by the point of a compass4 ,the river sweeps round the half of a circle1 and is then precipitated in a diagonal direction across its own channel1 to another curve of the same regularity upon the opposite shore4 ,instead of calculating distances by miles or leagues1 the boatmen and ,indians estimate their progress by the number of bends which they have passed4 ,this conformation1 which distinguishes most of the streams of the ,mississippi valley1 must have transpired under the operation of some law2 but hitherto no solution of the problem has been given which is quite satisfactory4 ,geological appearances indicate that this stream1 like the ,orinoco1 had in former ages a much broader volume1 though a shorter course2 that1 in fact1 it once found its estuary not far below the present mouth of the ,ohio2 the alluvial country now stretching from thence to the south1 near a thousand miles1 being then an arm of the sea4 8,no thinking mind10 says ,flint1 8can contemplate this mighty and resistless wave1 sweeping its proud course from point to point1 curving round its bends through the dark forests1 without a feeling of sublimity4 ,the hundred shores1 laved by its waters2 the long course of its tributaries1 some of which are already the abodes of cultivation1 and others pursuing an immense course without a solitary dwelling of civilized man on their banks2 the numerous tribes of savages that now roam on its borders2 the affecting and imperishable traces of generations that are gone1 leaving no other memorial of their existence1 or materials for their history than their tombs1 that rise at frequent intervals along its banks2 the dim1 but glorious anticipations of the future--these are subjects of contemplation that cannot but associate themselves with a view of this river40 ,though far inferior to these streams of the western world in point of length and volume1 the ,nile of the ancient continent may be placed at the head of remarkable rivers4 ,one of its chief peculiarities is the solitary grandeur of its flow2 for not a single affluent enters it from the junction of the ,tacazze to the sea1 a distance of #aejj miles--a circumstance without a parallel in the physical condition of rivers4 ,another of its striking features is its long course through a desert1 dry1 barren1 and hideous1 depositing by its annual inundation the richest soil on those portions of it which lie contiguous to its banks2 and hence has originated the apt comparison of its career to the path of a good man amidst an evil generation4 ,egypt would be completely sterile were it not for the periodical overflow of its only stream1 which both covers a large part of its surface with a layer of alluvion1 and imparts to it the requisite moisture4 8,rich king of floods6 o'erflows the swelling ,nile-- ----glad to quit ,the joyless desert1 down the ,nubian rocks ,from thund'ring steep to steep he pours his urn1 ,and ,egypt joys beneath the spreading wave40 ,it requires the river to attain a medium rise in order to benefit the country3 too little1 involving scarcity and famine2 too much1 compromising the safety of the people and their dwellings4 ,wilkinson calls a rise of #ai cubits1 tolerable2 #bj1 good2 #ba1 sufficient2 while a rise of #bb cubits is abundant enough to fill every canal1 and a rise of #bd cubits would overwhelm and ruin the villages4 ,a cubit is rather more than #ba inches2 so that1 in order fully to meet the wants of the country1 a perpendicular rise of #ch feet is necessary4 ,the ,nile is also distinguished among rivers for the pleasant taste and salubrity of its waters when not in flood2 properties highly extolled by the ancients1 and acknowledged to belong to it by modern travelers4 ,it is a common saying with the ,egyptians1 that if ,mahomet had tasted of its stream1 he would have sought a terrestrial immortality in order to enjoy it forever4 ,the physical circumstances of the river easily account for the possession of this attribute4 ,the air above is pure and serene4 ,but little rain falls upon the country through which the greater part of its course is prosecuted1 and no snow or hail4 ,hence there is little drainage into it from the surrounding land1 and its waters are kept free from any noxious taint derived from earths and minerals1 except from those in its immediate channel4 ,the same property of being remarkably pure and salutary is ascribed by ,herodotus to one of the ,susianic rivers1 of which alone1 according to tradition1 none but the kings of ,persia drank4 8,there ,susa1 by ,choaspes' amber stream1 ,the drink of none but kings40 ,the ,susianic streams1 along with the ,nile1 may not improperly be styled the oldest rivers of the globe1 because of their place in its most ancient traditions and histories2 and however subordinate to the gigantic currents of the western hemisphere1 those of the eastern1 in general1 present higher points of interest1 in their long-known identification with the destinies of mankind4 ,if not the actual birthplace of man1 the great plains on the banks of the ,tigris and the ,euphrates were the abode of the founders of the diluvian race4 ,there1 the two greatest cities of the ancient world--,nineveh and ,babylon--rose into magnificence4 ,there1 a supernatural finger traced the doom of the latter upon the palace wall of its trembling monarch1 while an exiled ,jew1 in the majesty of inspiration1 gave him the interpretation of the mystic writing4 ,there1 too1 the splendid empire of the ,medes and ,persians fell a prey to the ,macedonian on the field of ,arbela1 while1 in later ages1 the same neighborhood witnessed the catastrophe of ,cunaxa1 and the bold bearing of the indomitable ten thousand--the defeat and death of ,crassus--the retreat of ,mark ,antony--the fall of the apostate ,julian--and the short-lived glory of ,bagdad4 ,how different the associations connected with the ,arkansas and the ,osage to those of the ,euphrates and ,tigris6 99 99 99 99 99 ,,were ,i ,,but ,,with ,,thee4 ,,by ,,caroline ,f4 ,,orne4 ,hours of lonely musing ,sometimes thou must have1 ,when1 of toil a-weary1 ,rest thy soul doth crave4 ,then1 if ,i were near thee1 ,care would be forgot1 ,and obtrusive sorrows ,be as they were not4 ,thoughts and themes of beauty1 ,rising wild and free1 ,would our converse gladden ,were ,i but with thee6 ,thou wouldst bear my spirit ,to thy shadow-land1 ,where bright shapes of beauty ,spring1 a glorious band4 ,their harmonious motions1 ,as the wild waves free1 ,would enchain our spirits ,were ,i but with thee6 ,i would bear thee onward ,to my realms of life1 ,where with joy transcendent ,all the scenes are rife1 ,in that glorious dream-land1 ,on that magic sea1 ,it were nearer heaven ,were ,i but with thee6 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sonnet4--,,iron4 ,,by ,,wm4 ,,alexander4 ,thy worth1 ,o ,iron6 can be never told6 ,thou art the richest treasure of the mine6 ,by thee great nations polished are and shine1 ,and using thee contemn1 may glittering gold-- ,hail6 ever useful one6 ,art were now dead ,if wanting thee4 ,thou in our life-blood flowest2 ,where run streams1 fountains1 there thou likewise goest2 ,war claims thee1 for thy presence makes him red2 ,the mariner his needle forms of thee1 ,to guide him pilot-like across the main2 ,from thee old oaks solidity1 too1 gain2 ,in cinders1 clay thou art found continually-- ,earth's mineral strata yield to thee the palm2 ,thou canst make war--and mak'st the nations calm4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,nineveh1 ,,and ,,assyrian ,,art4 ,,with ,,illustrations4 ,among the recent developments of the remains of ancient art1 by far the most important and interesting are those of ,mr4 ,layard at the site of ,nineveh1 a full account of which is given in the volumes recently published by ,george ,p4 ,putnam1 of ,new ,york1 entitled 8,nineveh and its ,remains2 with an account of a visit to the ,chaldean ,christians of ,kurdiston1 and the ,yezidis1 or ,devil-,worshipers2 and an inquiry into the ,manners and ,arts of the ,ancient ,assyrians40 ,mr4 ,layard's work contains an account of the labors carried on by him at ,nimroud1 from ,november #ahde until ,april #ahdg2 and also of the less extensive excavations which he caused to be made at ,kalah ,sherghat and ,kouyunjik4 ,the narrative has all the liveliness and glow of a romance2 the incidents are highly characteristic of oriental life2 and many of them are of tragic and thrilling interest4 ,his account of the difficulties which he had to overcome with the ,arabs1 ,turks and ,chaldeans1 in securing their aid toward the accomplishment of his grand design1 is very curious1 and evinces a wonderful amount of coolness1 ability and tact4 ,not less remarkable are the energy and perseverence which he exerted in conducting his noble enterprise to a successful termination4 ,toward the close of his book1 ,mr4 ,layard gives a summary of the result of his investigations and of their bearing on the history of the ,assyrians4 ,they add an immense amount of information1 to that which was already in possession of the learned world1 respecting the progress of art and civilization among this ancient people and dissipate many errors4 ,the discovery of the arch1 of glass1 and of the pulley1 among the mines1 evince the high antiquity of these inventions1 which have been supposed to be of comparatively modern origin2 and the very remarkable fact that the most ancient among the ,assyrian works of art are by far the best executed1 lead to the conviction that there is an unwritten ancient history of far greater extent and interest than that which has been preserved4 ,all that portion of history which relates to the origin and rise of ,assyrian art of course remains unknown4 ,this is probably the case1 too1 with reference to ,babylon and the other ancient empires of ,asia4 ,we proceed to give some extracts from ,mr4 ,layard's work1 which1 by the courtesy of the publisher1 we are permitted to illustrate with engravings4 ,we commence where he records some of his earliest operations at the great mound of ,nimroud3 8,no sculptures had hitherto been discovered in a perfect state of preservation1 and only one or two could bear removal4 ,i determined1 therefore1 to abandon this corner1 and to resume excavations near the chamber first opened1 where the slabs had in no way been injured4 ,the workmen were directed to dig behind the small lions1 which appeared to form an entrance1 and to be connected with other walls4 ,after removing much earth1 a few unsculptured slabs were discovered1 fallen from their places1 and broken in many pieces4 ,the sides of the room of which they had originally formed a part could not be traced4 8,as these ruins occurred on the edge of the mound1 it was probable that they had been more exposed than the rest1 and consequently had sustained more injury than other parts of the building4 ,as there was a ravine running far into the mound1 apparently formed by the winter rains1 ,i determined to open a trench in the centre of it4 ,in two days the workmen reached the top of a slab1 which appeared to be both well preserved1 and to be still standing in its original position4 ,on the south side ,i discovered1 to my great satisfaction1 two human figures1 considerably above the natural size1 sculptured in low relief1 and still exhibiting all the freshness of a recent work4 ,this was ,no4 #cj of chamber ,b in the third plan4 ,in a few hours the earth and rubbish had been completely removed from the face of the slab1 no part of which had been injured4 ,the ornaments delicately graven on the robes1 the tassels and fringes1 the bracelets and armlets1 the elaborate curls of the hair and beard1 were all entire4 ,the figures were back to back1 and furnished with wings4 ,they appeared to represent divinities1 presiding over the seasons1 or over particular religious ceremonies4 ,the one1 whose face was turned to the ,east1 carried a fallow deer on his right arm1 and in his left hand a branch bearing five flowers4 ,around his temples was a fillet1 adorned in front with a rosette4 ,the other held a square vessel1 or basket1 in the left hand1 and an object resembling a fir cone in the right4 ,on his head he wore a rounded cap1 at the base of which was a horn4 ,the garments of both1 consisting of a stole falling from the shoulders to the ankles1 and a short tunic underneath1 descending to the knee1 were richly and tastefully decorated with embroideries and fringes1 whilst the hair and beard were arranged with study and art4 ,although the relief was lower1 yet the outline was perhaps more careful1 and true1 than that of the ,assyrian sculptures of ,khorsabad4 ,the limbs were delineated with peculiar accuracy1 and the muscles and bones faithfully1 though somewhat too strongly1 marked4 ,an inscription ran across the sculpture4 8,to the west of this slab1 and fitting to it1 was a corner-stone ornamented with flowers and scrollwork1 tastefully arranged1 and resembling in detail those graven on the injured tablet1 near entrance d of the ,s4 ,w4 building4 ,i recognized at once from whence many of the sculptures1 employed in the construction of that edifice1 had been brought2 and it was evident that ,i had at length discovered the earliest palace of ,nimroud4 8,the corner-stone led me to a figure of singular form4 ,a human body1 clothed in robes similar to those of the winged men on the previous slab1 was surmounted by the head of an eagle or of a vulture4 ,the curved beak1 of considerable length1 was half open1 and displayed a narrow1 pointed tongue1 which was still covered with red paint4 ,on the shoulders fell the usual curled and bushy hair of the ,assyrian mages1 and a comb of feathers rose on the top of the head4 ,two wings sprang from the back1 and in either hand was the square vessel and fir cone4 8,on all these figures paint could be faintly distinguished1 particularly on the hair1 beard1 eyes1 and sandals4 ,the slabs on which they were sculptured had sustained no injury1 and could be without difficulty packed and moved to any distance4 ,there could no longer be any doubt that they formed part of a chamber1 and that1 to explore it completely1 ,i had only to continue along the wall1 now partly uncovered4 ,illustration3 ,eagle-,headed ,figure4 7,n4 ,w4 ,palace4 ,nimroud47 8,on the morning following these discoveries1 ,i rode to the encampment of ,sheikh ,abd-ur-rahman1 and was returning to the mound1 when ,i saw two ,arabs of his tribe urging their mares to the top of their speed4 ,on approaching me they stopped4 #8,hasten1 ,o ,bey1' exclaimed one of them--#8hasten to the diggers1 for they have found ,nimrod himself4 ,wallah1 it is wonderful1 but it is true6 we have seen him with our eyes4 ,there is no ,god but ,god2' and both joining in this pious exclamation1 they galloped off1 without further words1 in the direction of their tents4 8,on reaching the ruins ,i descended into the new trench1 and found the workmen1 who had already seen me1 as ,i approached1 standing near a heap of baskets and cloaks4 ,whilst ,awad advanced1 and asked for a present to celebrate the occasion1 the ,arabs withdrew the screen they had hastily constructed1 and disclosed an enormous human head sculptured in full out of the alabaster of the country4 ,they had uncovered the upper part of the figure1 the remainder of which was still buried in the earth4 ,i saw at once that the head must belong to a winged lion or bull1 similar to those of ,khorsabad and ,persepolis4 ,it was in admirable preservation4 ,the expression was calm1 yet majestic1 and the outline of the features showed a freedom and knowledge of art1 scarcely to be looked for in the works of so remote a period4 ,the cap had three horns1 and1 unlike that of the human-headed bulls hitherto found in ,assyria1 was rounded and without ornament at the top4 8,i was not surprised that the ,arabs had been amazed and terrified at this apparition4 ,it required no stretch of imagination to conjure up the most strange fancies4 ,this gigantic head1 blanched with age1 thus rising from the bowels of the earth1 might well have belonged to one of those fearful beings which are pictured in the traditions of the country1 as appearing to mortals1 slowly ascending from the regions below4 ,one of the workmen1 on catching the first glimpse of the monster1 had thrown down his basket and ran off toward ,mosul as fast as his legs could carry him4 ,i learnt this with regret1 as ,i anticipated the consequences4 8,whilst ,i was superintending the removal of the earth1 which still clung to the sculpture1 and giving directions for the continuation of the work1 a noise of horsemen was heard1 and presently ,abd-ur-rahman1 followed by half his tribe1 appeared on the edge of the trench4 ,as soon as the two ,arabs had reached the tents1 and published the wonders they had seen1 every one mounted his mare and rode to the mound1 to satisfy himself of the truth of these inconceivable reports4 ,when they beheld the head they all cried out together1 #8,there is no ,god but ,god1 and ,mohammed is his ,prophet6' ,it was some time before the sheikh could be prevailed upon to descend into the pit1 and convince himself that the image he saw was of stone4 #8,this is not the work of men's hands1' exclaimed he1 #8but of those infidel giants of whom the ,prophet1 peace be with him6 has said1 that they were higher than the tallest date tree2 this is one of the idols which ,noah1 peace be with him6 cursed before the flood4' ,in this opinion1 the result of a careful examination1 all the bystanders concurred4 8,i now ordered a trench to be dug due south from the head1 in the expectation of finding a corresponding figure1 and before night-fall reached the object of my search about twelve feet distant4 ,engaging two or three men to sleep near the sculptures1 ,i returned to the village1 and celebrated the day's discovery by a slaughter of sheep1 of which all the ,arabs near partook4 ,as some wandering musicians chanced to be at ,selamiyah1 ,i sent for them1 and dances were kept up during the greater part of the night4 ,on the following morning ,arabs from the other side of the ,tigris1 and the inhabitants of the surrounding villages congregated on the mound4 ,even the women could not repress their curiosity1 and came in crowds1 with their children1 from afar4 ,my cawass was stationed during the day in the trench1 into which ,i would not allow the multitude to descend4 8,as ,i had expected1 the report of the discovery of the gigantic head1 carried by the terrified ,arab to ,mosul1 had thrown the town into commotion4 ,he had scarcely checked his speed before reaching the bridge4 ,entering breathless into the bazars1 he announced to every one he met that ,nimrod had appeared4 ,the news soon got to the ears of the cadi1 who1 anxious for a fresh opportunity to annoy me1 called the mufti and the elema together1 to consult upon this unexpected occurrence4 ,their deliberations ended in a procession to the governor1 and a formal protest1 on the part of the ,musulmans of the town1 against proceedings so directly contrary to the laws of the ,koran4 ,the cadi had no distinct idea whether the bones of the mighty hunter had been uncovered1 or only his image2 nor did ,ismail ,pasha very clearly remember whether ,nimrod was a true-believing prophet or an infidel4 ,i consequently received a somewhat unintelligible message from his excellency1 to the effect that the remains should be treated with respect1 and be by no means further disturbed1 and that he wished the excavations to be stopped at once1 and desired to confer with me on the subject4 8,i called upon him accordingly1 and had some difficulty in making him understand the nature of my discovery4 ,as he requested me to discontinue my operations until the sensation in the town had somewhat subsided1 ,i returned to ,nimroud and dismissed the workmen1 retaining only two men to dig leisurely along the walls without giving cause for further interference4 ,i ascertained by the end of ,march the existence of a second pair of winged human-headed lions1#d differing from those previously discovered in form1 the human shape being continued to the waist and furnished with arms4 ,in one hand each figure carried a goat or stag1 and in the other1 which hung down by the side1 a branch with three flowers4 ,they formed a northern entrance into the chamber of which the lions previously described were the southern portal4 ,i completely uncovered the latter1 and found them to be entire4 ,they were about twelve feet in height1 and the same number in length4 ,the body and limbs were admirably portrayed2 the muscles and bones1 although strongly developed to display the strength of the animal1 showed at the same time a correct knowledge of its anatomy and form4 ,expanded wings sprung from the shoulder and spread over the back2 a knotted girdle1 ending in tassels1 encircled the loins4 ,these sculptures1 forming an entrance1 were partly in full and partly in relief4 ,the head and fore-part1 facing the chamber1 were in full2 but only one side of the rest of the slab was sculptured1 the back being placed against the wall of sun-dried bricks4 ,that the spectator might have both a perfect front and side view of the figures1 they were furnished with five legs2 two were carved on the end of the slab to face the chamber1 and three on the side4 ,the relief of the body and three limbs was high and bold1 and the slab was covered1 in all parts not occupied by the image1 with inscriptions in the cuneiform character4 ,these magnificent specimens of ,assyrian art were in perfect preservation2 the most minute lines in the details of the wings and in the ornaments had been retained with their original freshness4 ,not a character was wanting in the inscriptions4 8,i used to contemplate for hours these mysterious emblems1 and muse over their intent and history4 ,what more noble forms could have ushered the people into the temple of their gods6 ,what more sublime images could have been borrowed from nature1 by men who sought1 unaided by the light of revealed religion1 to embody their conception of the wisdom1 power1 and ubiquity of a ,supreme ,being8 ,they could find no better type of intellect and knowledge than the head of the man2 of strength1 than the body of the lion2 of rapidity of motion1 than the wings of the bird4 ,these winged human-headed lions were not idle creations1 the offspring of mere fancy2 their meaning was written upon them4 ,they had awed and instructed races which flourished #cjjj years ago4 ,through the portals which they guarded1 kings1 priests1 and warriors had borne sacrifices to their altars1 long before the wisdom of the ,east had penetrated to ,greece1 and had furnished its mythology with symbols long recognized by the ,assyrian votaries4 ,they may have been buried1 and their existence may have been unknown1 before the foundation of the eternal city4 ,for twenty-five centuries they had been hidden from the eye of man1 and they now stood forth once more in their ancient majesty4 ,but how changed was the scene around them6 ,the luxury and civilization of a mighty nation had given place to the wretchedness and ignorance of a few half-barbarous tribes4 ,the wealth of temples1 and the riches of great cities1 had been succeeded by ruins and shapeless heaps of earth4 ,above the spacious hall in which they stood1 the plough had passed and the corn now waved4 ,egypt has monuments no less ancient and no less wonderful2 but they have stood forth for ages to testify her early power and renown2 whilst those before me had but now appeared to bear witness in the words of the prophet1 that once #8the ,assyrian was a cedar in ,lebanon1 with fair branches and with a shadowing shroud of a high stature2 and his top was among the thick boughs 4 4 4 4 his height was exalted above all the trees of the field1 and his boughs were multiplied1 and his branches became long1 because of the multitude of waters when he shot forth4 ,all the fowls of heaven made their nests in his boughs1 and under his branches did all the beasts of the field bring forth their young1 and under his shadow dwelt all great nations2' for now is #8,nineveh a desolation and dry like a wilderness1 and flocks lie down in the midst of her2 all the beasts of the nations1 both the cormorant and bittern1 lodge in the upper lintels of it2 their voice sings in the windows2 and desolation is in the thresholds4'#e ,illustration3 ,winged ,human-,headed ,lion4 7,n4 ,w4 ,palace1 ,nimroud47 8,behind the lions was another chamber4#f ,i uncovered about fifty feet of its northern wall4 ,on each slab was carved the winged figure with the horned cap1 fir cone1 and square vessel or basket4 ,they were in pairs facing one another1 and divided by an emblematic tree1 similar to that on the corner-stone in chamber ,b4 ,all these bas-reliefs were inferior in execution1 and finish1 to those previously discovered40 ,the following extract shows the great variety of objects which present themselves among the buried ruins of ,nimroud1 and the large scale on which the ,assyrian works of art were projected and executed4 8,the change to summer had been as rapid as that which ushered in the spring4 ,the verdure of the plain had perished almost in a day4 ,hot winds1 coming from the desert1 had burnt up and carried away the shrubs2 flights of locusts1 darkening the air1 had destroyed a few patches of cultivation1 and had completed the havoc commenced by the heat of the sun4 ,the ,abou-,salman ,arabs1 having struck their black tents1 were now living in ozailis1 or sheds1 constructed of reeds and grass along the banks of the river4 ,the ,shemutti and ,jehesh had returned to their villages1 and the plain presented the same naked and desolate aspect that it wore in the month of ,november4 ,the heat1 however1 was now almost intolerable4 ,violent whirlwinds occasionally swept over the face of the country4 ,they could be seen as they advanced from the desert1 carrying along with them clouds of sand and dust4 ,almost utter darkness prevailed during their passage1 which lasted generally about an hour1 and nothing could resist their fury4 ,on returning home one afternoon after a tempest of this kind1 ,i found no traces of my dwellings2 they had been completely carried away4 ,ponderous wooden frameworks had been borne over the bank1 and hurled some hundred yards distant2 the tents had disappeared1 and my furniture was scattered over the plain4 ,when on the mound1 my only secure place of refuge was beneath the fallen lion1 where ,i could defy the fury of the whirlwind2 the ,arabs ceased from their work and crouched in the trenches1 almost suffocated and blinded by the dense cloud of fine dust and sand which nothing could exclude4#g 8,although the number of my workmen was small1 the excavations were carried on as actively as possible4 ,the two human-headed lions1 forming the entrance d1#h led into another chamber1 or to sculptured walls1 which1 as it will hereafter be explained1 may have formed an outward facing to the building4 ,the slabs to the right and left1 on issuing from this portal1 had fallen from their original position1 and all of them1 except one1 were broken4 ,i had some difficulty in raising the pieces from the ground4 ,as the face of the slabs was downward1 the sculpture had been well preserved4 8,on the slabs ,nos4 #b and #c was represented the king holding a bow in one hand and two arrows in the other4 ,he was followed by his attendant eunuch1 who carried a mace1 a second bow and a quiver for his use4 ,facing him was his vizir1 his hands crossed before him1 also followed by an eunuch4 ,these figures were about eight feet high2 the relief very low1 and the ornaments rich and elaborately carved4 ,the bracelets1 armlets1 and weapons1 were all adorned with the heads of bulls and rams2 color still remained on the hair1 beard1 and sandals4 8,no4 #a1 forming a corner wall1 was a slab of enormous dimensions2 it had been broken in two3 the upper part was on the floor1 the lower was still standing in its place4 ,it was only after many ineffectual attempts that ,i succeeded in raising the fallen part sufficiently to ascertain the nature of the sculpture4 ,it was a winged figure1 with a three-horned cap1 carrying the fir cone and square utensil2 in other respects1 similar to those already described1 except that it had two wings rising from both sides of the back and inclosing the person4 ,its dimensions were gigantic1 the height being about sixteen feet and a half1 but the relief was low4 8,the first slab on the other side of the entrance contained a vizir and his attendant1 similar to ,no4 #c4 ,the succeeding slabs were occupied by figures1 differing altogether in costume from those previously discovered1 and apparently representing people of another race2 some carrying presents or offerings1 consisting of armlets1 bracelets1 and ear-rings1 on trays2 others elevating their clinched hands1 either in token of submission1 or in the attitude still peculiar to ,easterns when they dance4 ,one figure was accompanied by two monkeys1 held by ropes2 the one raising itself on its hind legs in front1 the other sitting on the shoulders of the man1 and supporting itself by placing its fore-paws on his head4#i ,the dresses of all these figures are singular4 ,they have high boots turned up at the toes1 somewhat resembling those still in use in ,turkey and ,persia4 ,their caps1 although conical1 appear to have been made up of bands1 or folds of felt or linen4 ,their tunics vary in shape1 and in the fringes1 from those of the high-capped warriors and attendants represented in other bas-reliefs4 ,the figure with the monkeys wears a tunic descending to the calf of the leg4 ,his hair is simply fastened by a fillet4 ,there were traces of black color all over the face1 and it is not improbable that it was painted to represent a negro3 it is1 however1 possible that the paint of the hair has been washed down by water over other parts of the sculpture4 ,these peculiarities of dress suggest that the persons represented were captives from some distant country1 bringing tribute to the conquerors4 8,in chamber ,b the wall was continued to the south1 or to the left facing the great lion1#aj by an eagle-headed figure resembling that already described2 adjoining it was a corner-stone1 occupied by the sacred tree2 beyond1 the wall ceased altogether4 ,on digging downward1 it was found that the slabs had fallen in2 and although they were broken1 the sculptures1 representing battles1 sieges1 and other historical subjects1 were1 as far as it could be ascertained by the examination of one or two1 in admirable preservation4 ,the sun-dried brick wall1 against which they were placed1 was still distinctly visible to the height of twelve or fourteen feet2 and ,i could trace1 by the accumulation of ashes1 the places where beams had been inserted to support the roof1 or for other purposes4 ,this wall served as my guide in digging onward1 as1 to the distance of #ajj feet1 the slabs had all fallen in4 ,i was unwilling to raise them at present1 as ,i had neither the means of packing nor moving them4 8,the first sculpture1 still standing in its original position1 which was uncovered after following this wall1 was a winged human-headed bull of yellow limestone4 ,on the previous day the detached head1 now in the ,british ,museum1 had been found4 ,the bull1 to which it belonged1 had fallen against the opposite sculpture1 and had been broken by the fall into several pieces4 ,i lifted the body with difficulty2 and1 to my surprise1 discovered under it sixteen copper lions1 admirably designed1 and forming a regular series1 diminishing in size from the largest1 which was above one foot in length1 to the smallest1 which scarcely exceeded an inch4 ,to their backs was affixed a ring1 giving them the appearance of weights4 ,here ,i also discovered a broken earthen vase1 on which were represented two ,priapean human figures1 with the wings and claws of a bird1 the breast of a woman1 and the tail of a scorpion1 or some similar reptile4 ,i carefully collected and packed the fragments4 ,illustration3 ,winged ,human-,headed ,bull4 7,n4 ,w4 ,palace1 ,nimroud47 8,beyond the winged bull the slabs were still entire1 and occupied their original positions4 ,on the first was sculptured a winged human figure1 carrying a branch with five flowers in the raised right hand1 and the usual square vessel in the left4 ,around his temples was a fillet adorned with three rosettes4 ,on each of the four adjoining slabs were two bas-reliefs1 separated by a band of inscriptions4 ,the upper1 on the first slab1 represented a castle built by the side of a river1 or on an island4 ,one tower is defended by an armed man1 two others are occupied by females4 ,three warriors1 probably escaping from the enemy1 are swimming across the stream2 two of them on inflated skins1 in the mode practiced to this day by the ,arabs inhabiting the banks of the rivers of ,assyria and ,mesopotamia2 except that1 in the bas-relief1 the swimmers are pictured as retaining the aperture1 through which the air is forced1 in their mouths4 ,the third1 pierced by arrows discharged from the bows of two high-capped warriors kneeling on the bank1 is struggling1 without the support of a skin1 against the current4 ,three rudely designed trees complete the background4 8,in the upper compartment of the next slab was the siege of the city1 with the battering-ram and moveable tower1 now in the ,british ,museum4 ,the lower part of the two slabs was occupied by one subject1 a king receiving prisoners brought before him by his vizir4 ,the sculpture1 representing the king followed by his attendants and chariot1 is already in the national collection4 ,the prisoners were on the adjoining slab4 ,above their heads are vases and various objects1 amongst which appear to be shawls and elephants' tusks1 probably representing the spoil carried away from the conquered nation4 8,upon the third slab were1 in the upper compartment1 the king hunting1 and in the lower1 the king standing over the lion1 both deposited in the ,british ,museum2 and on the fourth the bull hunt1 now also in ,england1 and the king standing over the prostrate bull4 8,the most remarkable of the sculptures hitherto discovered was the lion hunt2 which1 from the knowledge of art displayed in the treatment and composition1 the correct and effective delineation of the men and animals1 the spirit of the grouping1 and its extraordinary preservation1 is probably the finest specimen of ,assyrian art in existence4 8,on the flooring1 below the sculptures1 were discovered considerable remains of painted plaster still adhering to the sun-dried bricks1 which had fallen in masses from the upper part of the wall4 ,the colors1 particularly the blues and reds1 were as brilliant and vivid when the earth was removed from them1 as they could have been when first used4 ,on exposure to the air they faded rapidly4 ,the designs were elegant and elaborate4 ,it was found almost impossible to preserve any portion of these ornaments1 the earth crumbling to pieces when an attempt was made to raise it40 ,our next extract describes1 in ,mr4 ,layard's graphic style1 the discovery of the beautiful obelisk1 now in the ,british ,museum4 ,illustration3 ,the ,obelisk4 8,it was in the centre of the mound1 however1 that one of the most remarkable discoveries awaited me4 ,i have already mentioned the pair of gigantic winged bulls1 first found there4 ,they appeared to form an entrance and to be only part of a large building4 ,the inscriptions upon them contained a name1 differing from that of the king1 who had built the palace in the north-west corner4 ,on digging further ,i found a brick1 on which was a genealogy1 the new name occurring first1 and as that of the son of the founder of the earlier edifice4 ,this was1 to a certain extent1 a clue to the comparative date of the newly discovered building4 8,i now sought for the wall1 which must have been connected with the bulls4 ,i dug round these sculptures1 and found no other traces of building1 except a few squared stones1 fallen from their original places4 ,as the backs of the bulls were completely covered with inscriptions1 in large and well-formed cuneiform characters1 ,i was led to believe that they might originally have stood alone4 ,still there must have been other slabs near them4 ,i directed a deep trench to be carried1 at right angles1 behind the northern bull4 ,after digging about ten feet1 the workmen found a slab lying flat on the brick pavement1 and having a gigantic winged figure sculptured in relief upon it4 ,it resembled some already described2 and carried the fir-cone1 and the square basket or utensil1 but there was no inscription across it4 ,beyond was a similar figure1 still more gigantic in its proportions1 being about fourteen feet in height4 ,the relief was low1 and the execution inferior to that of the sculptures discovered in the other palaces4 ,the beard and part of the legs of a winged bull1 in yellow limestone1 were next found4 ,these remains1 imperfect as they were1 promised better things4 ,the trench was carried on in the same direction for several days2 but nothing more appeared4 ,it had reached about fifty feet in length1 and still without any new discovery4 ,i had business in ,mosul1 and was giving directions to the workmen to guide them during my absence4 ,standing on the edge of the hitherto unprofitable trench1 ,i doubted whether ,i should carry it any farther2 but made up my mind at last1 not to abandon it until my return1 which would be on the following day4 ,i mounted my horse1 but had scarcely left the mound when a corner of black marble was uncovered1 lying on the very edge of the trench4 ,this attracted the notice of the superintendent of the party digging1 who ordered the place to be further examined4 ,the corner was part of an obelisk1 about seven feet high1 lying on its side1 ten feet below the surface4 8,an ,arab was sent after me without delay1 to announce the discovery1 and on my return ,i found the obelisk completely exposed to view4 ,i descended eagerly into the trench1 and was immediately struck by the singular appearance1 and evident antiquity1 of the remarkable monument before me4 ,we raised it from its recumbent position1 and1 with the aid of ropes1 speedily dragged it out of the ruins4 ,although its shape was that of an obelisk1 yet it was flat at the top and cut into three gradines4 ,it was sculptured on the four sides2 there were in all twenty small bas-reliefs1 and above1 below1 and between them was carved an inscription #baj lines in length4 ,the whole was in the best preservation2 scarcely a character of the inscription was wanting2 and the figures were as sharp and well defined as if they had been carved but a few days before4 ,the king is twice represented1 followed by his attendants2 a prisoner is at his feet1 and his vizir and eunuchs are introducing men leading various animals1 and carrying vases and other objects of tribute on their shoulders1 or in their hands4 ,the animals are the elephant1 the rhinoceros1 the ,bactrian1 or two-humped camel1 the wild bull1 the lion1 a stag1 and various kinds of monkeys4 ,amongst the objects carried by the tribute-bearers1 may perhaps be distinguished the tusks of the elephant1 shawls1 and some bundles of precious wood4 ,from the nature1 therefore1 of the bas-reliefs1 it is natural to conjecture that the monument was erected to commemorate the conquest of ,india1 or of some country far to the east of ,assyria1 and on the confines of the ,indian peninsula4 ,the name of the king1 whose deeds it appears to record1 is the same as that on the centre bulls2 and it is introduced by a genealogical list containing many other royal names4 8,i lost no time in copying the inscriptions1 and drawing the bas-reliefs1 upon this precious relic4 ,it was then carefully packed1 to be transported at once to ,baghdad4 ,a party of trustworthy ,arabs were chosen to sleep near it at night2 and ,i took every precaution that the superstitions and prejudices of the natives of the country1 and the jealousy of rival antiquaries1 could suggest40 ,illustration3 ,the ,king4 7,n4 ,w4 ,palace1 ,nimroud47 ,among the numerous other sculptures which ,mr4 ,layard1 with great trouble and expense1 succeeded in forwarding to ,england1 was the figure of a king1 one of the most carefully executed and best preserved in the palace4 ,he is represented with one hand on the hilt of his sword1 the other being supported by a long wand or sword4 ,it was found in the north-west palace at ,nimroud4 ,when ,mr4 ,layard had expended the funds appropriated by the ,trustees of the ,british ,museum for the excavations1 and sent a large number of sculptures down the ,tigris to ,busrah1 to be shipped to ,england1 he caused the excavations to be carefully filled up1 and leaving for a season the scene of his labors1 returned to ,england4 ,another expedition has since been sent to ,nimroud1 further excavations have been made1 and ,mr4 ,putnam will ere long publish their results4 ,in the meantime1 we feel that we cannot too cordially commend to the reading public1 the first work of ,mr4 ,layard1 as affording the most interesting and important revelations concerning the actual state of the ancient world1 which have been made public since the ,egyptian discoveries of ,champollion4 ----- #d ,entrance of chamber ,b1 plan #c4 #e ,ezekiel1 xxxi4 #c1 etc42 ,zephaniah1 ii4 #ac and #ad4 #f ,chamber ,c4 #g ,storms of this nature are frequent during the early part of summer throughout ,mesopotamia1 ,babylonia1 and ,susiana4 ,it is difficult to convey an idea of their violence4 ,they appear suddenly and without any previous sign1 and seldom last above an hour4 ,it was during one of them that the ,tigris steamer1 under the command of ,colonel ,chesney1 was wrecked in the ,euphrates2 and so darkened was the atmosphere1 that1 although the vessel was within a short distance of the bank of the river1 several persons who were in her are supposed to have lost their lives from not knowing in what direction to swim4 #h ,chamber ,b1 plan #c4 #i ,this bas-relief will be placed in the ,british ,museum4 #aj ,entrance ,a1 chamber ,b1 plan #c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,fragment ,,of ,a ,,poem4 ,,by ,,wm4 ,,albert ,,sutliffe4 ,it was the twilight1 and we sat alone4 ,we sat alone beside the winter fire-- ,my friend and ,i--a fire that crackled well1 ,and sounded through the stillness as a flame ,shoots through the dark4 ,the embers of the sun ,had died to ashes4 ,while it sunk we talked ,of ,love1 of ,beauty1 ,poetry and ,hope1 ,which are religion4 ,for1 is ,beauty loved1 ,then ,god is loved1 and in our loving we ,do emulate his noblest attribute4 ,but all our words had failed to silentness1 ,and memories clustered in the heart's twilight1 ,as shadows in a wood2 and all was still4 ,but in the quietness there seemed to grow ,a sympathetic mood1 and we to look1 ,as through glass1 into each other's mind1 ,calm reading1 while our thoughts and feelings verged ,in a soft sadness to one common point4 ,then low ,i spoke3--8,were it not sweet and well ,to die from out this chaos of a life ,into the waiting dark1 and leave our toil ,to stronger minds and hands8 ,to spurn the clay1 ,and mount the crystal air in spiral gyre1 ,glad-voiced1 and angel-winged1 like bird uncaged8 ,i think it sweet6 or so it seemeth now1 ,when ,i look back1 as down a charnel-vault1 ,into the retrospect1 and see it all2-- ,see every should-be that was never done1 ,and every would-be that has died its death1 ,and my hot dreams1 and my distempered hopes1 ,pictured in light and dark as on a wall40 ,then in the dusk ,i ceased1 and so we sat1 ,with hearthward faces1 but with upward thought4 ,i saw my words drop1 pebble-like1 down deep ,into his inmost mind1 and there they lay1 ,while he1 with careful quiet1 shaped response1 ,and then1 abstract1 as to himself1 replied3-- 8',tis speaking well1 and yet not speaking well6 ,for in the web of life are golden threads-- ,and in the sky of life are brilliant stars-- ,and on the sea of life are favoring gales-- ,or we should wither all as flowers in drought4 ,he who doth pilot the great universe1 ,doth mete and parcel out the light and dark1 ,strange1 varicolored1 like a wanderer's dream2-- ,and ,he that made the man hath made his work4 ,and in the bark of life hath given the oar ,at which to tug and toil until the death2 ,nor yet all toil2 for oft the summer sea ,ripples on bloomy shores1 whence balmy winds ,bring a rich1 spicy life to make one glad4 ,we thrid wild mazes not without a clue-- ,we sink again to soar as eagles do-- ,we deeply quaff at the rare desert founts1 ,and so plod on to fair oases green1 ,where rustling palms nod to the welcome wind-- ,while with the sun of our own minds we shine ,on planetary minds1 and light1 and cheer1 ,and lead then to a loftier1 brighter end4 ,all this is well3 ,so let the creature's wish ,circle its scanty orbit round and round ,with borrowed light from the ,creator's will40 ,then ,i again3--8,we are but merest drops ,that swell a deathward torrent1 or as grains ,of sand1 which make up a conglobd sphere1 ,and he that is fore'er undoes the work ,of him that has been1 through the whirl of time4 ,what profits it to weave a golden web ,which all our heirs may rend above our grave6 ,to pile our treasuries with yellow dust ,that every reckless future wind may blow6 ,to think to be unthought in coming years6 ,to write to be the jest of fresher times6 ,all this is emptiness6 ,i wish the end40 ,what he had said ,i know not1 for the wind1 ,which had blown fitful since the red sun sunk1 ,came in fierce gusts against the window now-- ,bringing large drops that pattered chill and loud4 ,then our talk changed to what might be afar-- ,to the rude ocean1 and the mariners ,driven by windy war on unknown coasts1 ,to sin and sorrow in this poor1 poor world1 ,and all those dreary themes akin to tears4 ,so mused we in the dusk a gentle space1 ,a cloudy dreamer ,i--my friend1 that trod ,the green hills of his own complacency ,like any king4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,monde ,,hedelquiver4 ,a ,,tale ,,of ,,winter-,,life ,,in ,,new ,,england4 ,,by ,,the ,,author ,,of 8,,susy ,l----',s ,,diary40 ,,chapter ,i4 ,,rosamonde ,,hedelquiver ,,to ,,edith ,,manners4 ,danville1 ,december #b1 #ahea4 ,at last1 ,i have found a spot where1 for myself1 there can be no want2 where ,i can sit and write in peace letters to you1 my friend1 and stories for the magazines4 ,by the last1 ,i shall win money1 and1 perhaps1 laurels2 although1 ,i confess1 ,i care little now for them--that is1 for the laurels--if ,i can earn money4 ,if ,i have genius1 this may truly seem a poor aim2 but1 if ,i have genius1 so have ,i along with it such a dread of what is heavy1 and sordid1 and perpetually toilsome--of extreme poverty2 in short1 so have ,i a longing for beauty1 for ease1 for a still home of plenty1 so that sometimes ,i could stretch out my hands and cry1 with an imploring voice--not as good ,agar did1 but--8,give me riches1 oh6 give me riches40 ,yet1 ,heaven knows that it is not to be greatly rich that ,i desire2 but to be so far supplied1 that there need be no forebodings whenever it is seen that my parents' steps begin already to be slow1 and their eyes dull2 so that there may be beautiful things in our home1 and land about it which is ours1 on which we may tread with independence1 on which we may see the trees and the plants growing1 on which ,god's sunshine shall fall1 and ,his rain1 and ,his dews1 so that we may feel him near1 and know that our mother ,earth is to us a good mother4 ,this is what ,i long for1 when shut up in our close rooms in the city1 morning1 noon1 and night4 ,in the night1 tears of yearning--mingled with the fear that it is never to be satisfied--go drop1 drop on my pillow1 until my head is ready to burst4 ,then ,i brush them away1 and say--8,god forgive me1 his poor child1 if1 in my longing for what ,i have not1 ,i forget the gratitude due for what ,i have40 ,then come penitential feelings and1 again weeping1 ,i say--8,father1 do with me as seemeth good in thy sight60 ,i would be able to say this at all seasons1 working still with cheerfulness and trust in ,god's ways3 but ,he knows ,i cannot2 that often when ,i would praise ,him ,i can only pray1 and beg ,him to do that for me which ,i feel to be my great need4 ,but hear6 ,i complain1 ,i sigh4 ,i sit here1 buried in my own egotism1 while the bright sunshine lies on the pure white fields1 hills1 and mountains1 and the troops of merriest birds play with the new-fallen snow4 ,i shall go and see them1 and feed them with crumbs1 as once a brown-haired boy1 who now is gray-headed--my father--used to do4 99 99 99 99 99 ,evening4 ,uncle ,hedelquiver said this morning1 as he folded his paper1 after breakfast was over-- 8,you had better ride this morning1 ,monde4 ,take ,kate1 she is hard on the bit2 but all the better4 ,i like this grappling with tough-bitted circumstances4 ,it is exactly what you need to do4 ,you have the name your old grandmother ,hedelquiver had in her day4 ,you can see yourself that you are like that portrait up there2 and ,i want you to get hold of her energy--her kind of life4 ,you have been an idle child compared with her1 ,i fancy40 8,no doubt of it1 uncle10 said ,i1 with tears choking me4 8,but1 because ,i have been so penned up there in the city1 and by our bad circumstances1 ,i could not do any thing but fold my hands and sigh1 and long for better things to come to me40 8,well1 well1 there is room here you see10 tossing his hand a little toward the window1 through which we see the pine-covered ,green ,mountains that are near1 and the snowy ,white ,hills that are far1 but gigantic and splendid to see4 8,you had better go the road we went yesterday10 preparing to leave the room1 8over the hills4 ,it is stinging cold up there1 but all the better for that40 ,aunt dreaded the hills-- 8,i would let her go down the other way10 begged she4 8,no--if she is wise1 she will face the cold and wind--see the snow-birds out there6--and you are a little bit wise aint you1 ,monde80 with a smile the sweetest and most beaming one ever sees on mortal face4 ,it is the more enlivening to see1 because his brow when he is grave is so dark1 heavy1 and over-arching4 ,it is pleasant therefore that he smiles often1 when he is talking--that is1 if he talks of the things that he values4 8,o1 ,i don't know1 uncle10 ,i replied4 8,i fear ,i have little wisdom or little any thing worth having4 ,but ,i would like the bracing wind and this gleaming sunshine on the hills1 at any rate4 ,it must be glorious6--,is ,kate fond of being mounted8 ,has any one ever rode her80 8,many times4 ,as ,i said before1 she is hard-bited1 but kind40 ,this is all uncle would have said2 for he looks forward1 leaving the dead to bury their dead4 ,but aunt said1 with drooping figure and dreamy voice-- 8,poor ,alice used to ride her very often when ,alfred was here--at any other time she was afraid4 ,but1 then1 he used to ride ,john1 and urge her out4 ,he was always anxious that she should ride often1 although ,i am sure ,i don't know why40 ,no1 aunt seldom knows why things are thus and so1 which is something of an annoyance to uncle1 to whom most things in physics and metaphysics are merest transparencies4 8,john was such a headstrong horse10 resumed aunt1 looking dreamily down on the crumb of bread she was rolling along the table-cover2 8he was so headstrong1 and ,alfred not accustomed to the saddle--living in the city1 as he has1 for so many years4 ,i was never easy when they were gone4 ,i was always expecting that something bad would happen to them in some way40 8,there was never the least danger--not the least danger60 said uncle4 8,they were much too cautious for this4 ,it was laughable1 seeing the jog-trot they kept4 ,monde1 your aunt will make a coward of you1 if she can4 ,she1 for her own part1 gets ten thousand needless hurts as she goes along in dread of their coming upon herself1 or some of the rest of us4 ,isn't this true1 ,alice80 8,i don't know1 ,i am sure4 ,perhaps ,i do10 replied aunt4 8,you certainly do4 ,say1 ,monde1 will you ride80 with an impatient jerk of his fine shaggy head4 8,yes1 sir10 said ,i1 springing promptly to my feet2 for ,i felt1 as ,i often do when he speaks to me1 as if the current of his own electrical force ran through my brain and limbs--8over the hills1 uncle mine1 or anywhere60 8,that's sensible10 replied he1 with a look of hearty approbation4 8,put on your things--,i will have ,kate at the door in five minutes40 ,heavens6 how gorgeous is the winter landscape1 when our sky is as blue as ,italy's1 when the sun is on hills and mountains1 and the blue shadows are in all the valleys and beside all the little knolls2 when the dark firs1 and pines1 and hemlocks1 and the black-hazel-blossoms are fringed and tufted with the new-fallen snow1 and the crows and jays go screaming1 and the blood in all one's veins is astir with the new life that comes on every breath4 8,father10 ,i said1 lifting reverently upward the eyes that had been wandering over the beautified scene1 8,father1 accept ,thou the love of ,thy child4 ,help her to be always thankful to ,thee40 ,but1 directly1 between me and the ,father1 between me and ,his glorious earth came dark visions of my poor home1 and of my parents1 held back from a clear strong life1 by their shame-faced poverty and pride4 ,for you must be told1 friend of mine1 that we are much poorer than even you1 who have seen us all and our home many and many a time1 believe2 and that we grow really poorer every day1 because1 with all our pains-taking and studiously-contrived appearances of competency1 my father makes no head-way in engrossing popularity1 and1 therewith1 the business that pays liberally4 ,we brush and brush--or papa and mamma do--to move the dust and bring back the old polish and prime1 and then go forth with lofty heads and independent feet2 and papa talks in a brisk way of 8,my client ,a--2 my clients1 ,messrs4 ,b-- and ,c--20 of the case of ,d-- versus ,e--1 and ,f-- versus ,g--4 ,meanwhile1 you have seen what mamma does--with what care she preserves her fine complexion1 her natural graceful curls1 into which the threads of silver are already coming2 her cashmere long shawl and black silk gown1 that were hers at her marriage--they look no older than most shawls and gowns do after five years' service1 and they have seen twenty-five4 ,in these she goes out to the shops1 and looks at carpets and mirrors and tte--ttes1 as if she were a duchess4 ,and she lets it be known1 if it will come in gracefully in any way1 that she is ,mrs4 ,hedelquiver1 and that her husband is ,jerome ,hedelquiver1 ,attorney at ,law1 ,v-- ,street4 ,my father really did get a case1 worth a hundred dollars to him1 of a dealer1 who hoped that1 in compliment thereto1 my mother would spend all the fee and other additional fees for his upholstery4 ,we laughed over it4 ,my father called it 8capital20 but he and my mother both sighed after it4 ,i presume their souls--so deep within them1 so gentle toned as seldom to be heard above the clamor that 8the strong circumstances0 make in controlling the hands1 the lips1 and the brain--spake then so as to be heeded1 though not long4 ,the hands1 the lips1 and the brain soon took up again their worldly1 time-serving ways4 ,my father talked again of his clients1 my mother priced velvets and ,axminsters4 ,i would not say this to you1 dear ,edith1 but that you have already seen the same when visiting us2 and but that you are the friend of my soul1 to whom ,i must speak of that which is so poor and so sorrowful to me1 especially now that ,i have looked attentively upon uncle's sincere1 manly life4 ,uncle's circumstances are very different to my father's--this is true4 ,he is a very wealthy and distinguished man4 ,yet if he were as poor as my father--he would never mind this--he would keep ,truth close beside him wherever he went1 in whatever action he performed1 in whatever words he spake4 ,this would make him free and strong1 indeed2 and the freedom and strength would lay hold on success4 ,thus1 in seeking first the kingdom of heaven1 all these things for which the poor man seeks now first1 and last1 and at all times1 would without pains-taking on his part1 be added unto him4 ,would that he could see it--would that he were more quiet--happier6 for ,i pity him so6 ,and ,i have seen men poorer than he1 and less distinguished in learning and in an agreeable exterior1 whom ,i cannot1 by any view of their condition1 bring myself to commiserate1 any more than ,i can commiserate ,christ4 ,and you know1 dear ,edith1 we may look at his life on earth as we will1 at the hunger1 the dusty journeyings1 the thorns1 the spear1 the bitter cup1 the blind revilings that came with them all1 and the death of shame and lengthened agony1 still it fills our hearts with praise--it is the sublimest destiny ever fulfilled on the earth6 ,i will tell you what ,i desire more and more2 what ,i desire now1 at this still hour1 above every other thing--and this is1 to be so much like ,christ1 as to attain a perfect mastery of myself1 so that none of the outward things shall move me4 ,christ's excellence lay in this--did you ever think of it8 ,proffered crowns and kingdoms1 the trammels of time-honored usages1 threats at his side and a cross before him1 all fell short of moving his soul4 ,this never swerved a hair's breadth from its high purpose1 from beginning to end4 ,and ,i would be able to look out from a quiet1 inward life1 and say to the world--8,poor world6 enslaved and enslaving6 ,struggling1 vain world2 we love thee1 we pity thee--poor world6 ,we would die for thee1 if the time might come when our blood would have the efficacy of a good martyr's in healing thee4 ,but we bow to thee1 we follow thee1 take up thy mummeries no more4 ,for within us1 the life breathed into us of ,god1 the life that is divine and glorious--far beyond all that thou hast to offer1 comes gently forward for its development into our daily thought and action4 ,poor world6 dear world6 after this1 the ,god of the true life helping us1 while with thee we are above thee60 ,but1 my dear child ,edith1 ,i remember that you like short sermons1 while1 on the other hand1 tales may be ever so long1 ever so often told4 ,i have no tale for you yet4 ,we will wait and see what will come hereafter4 ,thine1 dear1 ,monde ,hedelquiver4 ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,,monde ,,hedelquiver ,,to ,,edith ,,manners4 ,danville1 ,dec4 #ae1 #ahea4 8,rosamonde10 said ,aunt ,alice one morning1 as she sat stitching a wristband2 and her voice had an ominous cadence4 8,what would you say to me1 aunt80 ,i looked up from my paper1 but she had turned her face from me a little1 and bent it low over her work1 as if what she was going to say had a certain sort of wickedness in it that made her ashamed4 8,what would you say1 aunt80 ,i repeated4 8,why it isn't much2 but ,i was thinking that if ,alfred ,cullen comes up while you are here--and ,i have an idea that he will--,i hope you will try to like him40 8,or rather1 aunt1 you hope ,i will like him without trying1 don't you80 ,by the way1 ,i wonder if you remember that ,alfred ,cullen was the betrothed of ,cousin ,alice4 ,he still wears his weeds for her2 still comes up here every few months1 and sits at her piano playing the airs that she used to play most4 ,uncle and aunt say that he is very pale and very noble1 with the air of one who follows ,christ close at his feet2 that he is gentle and loving like a child2 always forgetful of himself1 never forgetful of others4 ,you see he is quite a miracle of goodness4 ,if he comes1 ,i fear ,i shall have a panic as long as he stays4 8,that would be better10 aunt replied2 8,i didn't think of that4 ,yes1 ,i hope you will like him with ease--if poor ,alice had lived1 he would have been her husband4 ,as it is1 ,i can't wish him to be single always on her account2 and1 somehow1 when ,i think of his marrying another1 ,i want it to be one who would be a sort of daughter to me and your uncle as well as a wife to ,alfred40 8,yes1 that would be pleasant for you10 answered ,i1 feeling something of a panic beforehand4 ,i feel the more of it1 because aunt never sees through things that go on clearly1 or understands how they go1 or how they had best go4 ,so she is always lending a word here and a word there for their adjustment1 according to her idea4 ,i thought this all over--covering a piece of waste paper with dashes1 dots1 and initials--while she considered what must next be said4 ,she said next1 that ,alfred is attentive to every body1 especially--as she has sometimes thought--to ,paulina ,monroe1 aunt's niece1 who lives in the neighborhood1 who was ,cousin ,alice's dearest companion1 and who is now1 as it were1 a daughter in the house4 ,aunt's 8ideas10 of which she has so much to say1 are not clear on this head4 ,she has thought that it would not be strange if ,alfred were to transfer his affections to ,paulina2 but she is sure she don't know how it will terminate4 ,he certainly sits by her a great deal2 and when he is here1 in summer1 walks with her a great deal in the roads and paths she and ,alice used to frequent--such as down the hill1 through the back lane and the pasture to the old1 deserted ,fifield house1 by the brook1 where1 as aunt says1 the pinks and the roses still bloom1 and the apples ripen1 albeit the old couple that used to look on their growth have been mouldering this many a year under a hedge close by4 8,if he does come while you are here10 again said aunt4 8,but you are done thinking about it1 ,rosamonde1 and going on with your writing40 ,she looked as if she were deprecating some hurt ,i had given her4 8,oh1 well1 aunt1 ,i am only writing a letter1 and can write and talk at the same time40 8,this is strange2 but your uncle can do just so1 while ,i can never think of but one thing at a time4 ,what ,i was going to say was1 that you ought to stay longer than you say4 ,alfred will surely be up in the spring1 if he don't come this winter2 and you ought to see our ,new ,england scenery in the summer1 now that you are old enough to appreciate it4 #8,the ,switzerland of ,america' you know our state has been called1 although your uncle says #8,poh6' to this4 ,he and ,alfred both seem to think ,new ,england as good as ,switzerland2 or1 at any rate1 good enough without borrowing names for it40 8,as it certainly is1 aunt40 ,finding that this was all ,i had to say1 that ,i had no remark to make respecting ,alfred ,cullen1 she added1 hesitatingly-- 8,paulina is1 to be sure1 my own niece--she and ,alice were like twins1 almost4 ,she is a good little girl as ever was2 but1 somehow1 it seems to me1 ever since you came1 that ,alfred would like you best40 ,again aunt's voice became a little husky1 and again a little panic ran along my nerves4 8,still1 ,i do think10 added aunt1 8that he grows more particular in his attentions to ,paulina every time he comes up4 ,and1 lately1 they correspond occasionally1 although ,paulina keeps a close mouth about it1 so that neither her mother nor ,i know what it amounts to4 ,paulina is reckoned very pretty40 8,she is very pretty1 indeed1 aunt1 with a beautiful complexion40 8,yes1 this is true2 but1 somehow1 her beauty is of a very common kind4 ,alice's wasn't2 yours isn't4 ,you and ,alice are alike1 or were1 only you have a better form for those who like dignity4 ,and you have more courage3 you are all ,hedelquiver2 she was half ,monroe40 8,you estimate me very kindly1 dear aunt10 said ,i1 grateful for the cordial words and tones4 8,well1 ,i like you1 somehow1 better and better every day4 ,you are calm and strong1 like your uncle4 ,i always like to have such people with me1 ,i suppose because ,i am so nervous and weak myself4 ,alfred is nervous1 too1 ,i think1 although he commands himself perfectly40 ,thus it was ,alfred1 ,alfred1 all day1 and for1 many days1 until ,i was quite tired of it2 until ,i wished that there was no ,alfred ,cullen in the universe4 ,she said to me this morning1 in a way as if she were doubtful whether it would recommend him to me--8,alfred writes beautiful poetry1 they say4 ,i saw a piece he wrote on #8,night1' and it was very beautiful ,i thought40 8,writes poetry1 does he60 said ,i1 determined to exorcise him and his praises4 8,i am sorry6 ,i can never bear a man to be always scribbling poetry1 whenever the moon shines1 or any thing happens40 ,dismayed now1 in her turn1 aunt put in numberless disclaimers1 which amounted to this--,why1 she has heard1 to be sure1 that he does sometimes write very pretty poetry1 and that some of it comes out in the 8,tribune20 that1 in fact1 she has seen one piece with her own eyes--,paulina had it1 she cut it out of the ,tribune4 ,but1 for all that1 he has as much energy and manliness as those have who never touch a pen but in keeping their accounts4 ,she wouldn't have me think1 for a thousand worlds1 that he is an effeminate1 moon-struck young man4 ,she hopes he will come up3 she has no doubt he will while ,i am here1 and then ,i shall see with my own eyes6 ,yes1 then ,i shall see1 ,edith mine1 and then you shall hear about it4 ,one thing troubles me--,i fear aunt will be bumping our heads together every five minutes1 in the way of making us like each other2 that is1 if he comes1 as ,i presume he will by some device of aunt's4 ,if she does manuvre in a way the least bit gross1 ,i foresee--that ,i can live through it1 to be sure1 as one can live through every sort of vexation and grievance if one will4 ,but ,i shall be very still1 and very tall2 and1 moreover1 so repulsive in various ways1 that he will be propelled with something of a shock to the far corners of the room1 as often as he meditates approach to me4 ,you should see how ,i thrive4 ,the hardiest imp out at the red school-house on the corner1 who does not once cease to turn sommersets1 snow-ball1 make pyramids and snow-images1 and beat the snow from his iron-like boots1 is hardly stronger1 browner1 hungrier than ,i am4 ,for you see1 ,i ride out often with uncle and aunt to call on substantial families1 where are warm fires in two or three rooms1 where great red and green apples and snapped-corn go round1 if we can stay no more than fifteen minutes1 and where1 at any rate1 a few lively jokes fly right and left1 and a few earnest1 friendly things are spoken1 and promises of an early 8visit0 interchanged4 ,we meet other sleighs1 we pass them2 they pass us1 like lightning1 with young village gents in them1 and ,i am ready to go over the moon at the sound of the merry bells4 ,kate and ,i go up hill and down1 let the weather be as it will4 ,yesterday1 as if we were one feature of the storm1 we went on and on1 chasing the snow-clouds that were trooping over the fields and roads1 and the snow-clouds that were trooping1 chasing us4 ,this morning it was still and splendid for a feathery hoar-frost clung to every branch and spray1 and glittered in the early sun4 ,it was stinging cold1 as aunt forwarned me1 the air 8cut like a knife40 ,but ,i liked it--,i felt it invigorate me every moment and prepare me for the rest of the day--for the rest of life2 for ,i see it plainer and plainer1 that every wholesome pleasure1 and every wholesome sorrow1 not the less1 is such a preparation4 ,therefore1 welcome all experiences1 ,i will accept them as the loving child of ,him who metes them out4 ,i am up early4 ,this is easy for me here1 for kitchen1 dining-room and back-parlor are warm before six o'clock1 and all in the house are moving4 ,so that ,i write a great deal1 and write well1 as ,i believe you will say when you read what ,i have written4 ,the publishers' praise me and--pay me4 ,twenty-five dollars came from ,philadelphia yesterday4 ,every cent of this 7for ,i can have no wants of my own here7 ,i shall send to my dear father4 ,if he has only a few bits of silver in his purse1 and no business1 twenty-five dollars will go quite a long way in purchasing comforts4 ,i am thine1 dearest1 ,rosa4 ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,,monde ,,to ,,edith4 ,wednesday1 ,dec4 #bdth4 ,blessed ,edith6 ,guess who said this to-day1 after ,i had been reading aloud in the ,westminster ,review--8,i don't understand a word1 hardly1 about this constructive policy and conservative elements1 or what sort of difference there is between them4 ,it indeed1 seems to me that they must mean really the same thing4 ,don't it to you80 8,oh no1 aunt40 8,no1 ,i suppose not2 for you are like your uncle4 ,he talks about these things a great deal1 and about the political economists1 too1 as if they were something like gods--or very mischievous men1 for ,i am sure1 now ,i think about it1 ,i can't tell which it is--whether he approves them or not4 ,at any rate1 if they are wise and good men1 ,i think he is as good as the best of them can be1 ,i am sure0--with a long sigh1 and listlessly drawing the point of her needle along the hem she was making--8there isn't an hour1 hardly1 that ,i am not wondering at all he knows1 and wishing that ,i were a hundredth part as wise40 8,i wouldn't mind this1 aunt4 ,you are good and kind1 and everybody loves you4 ,aunt6 aunt6 see6 ,ponto has upset your basket2 he is eating your spools1 isn't he8 ,what a naughty dog40 ,ponto took the reproof for so much coaxing1 and came scrambling over me4 ,aunt half-sighed1 half-laughed1 and said-- 8,this is the way ,ponto serves me1 if ,i don't see to him4 ,and ,i never do see to him1 or any thing else1 when ,i am talking or trying to think closely1 never2 ,i am discouraged sometimes1 especially when ,i think how different you and your uncle are2 and ,mother ,hedelquiver would see to twenty things1 as if they were but one--,i would give all the world that ,i could do the same4 ,ponto1 ,ponto1 be still1 or ,i will box your ears60 ,but he didn't be still1 nor did aunt box his ears4 ,he slipped off from beneath her hand and ran over the carpet like a bewitched thing1 with a sleeve of the dress aunt was making in his mouth4 ,he is a splendid little spaniel1 the pet of all in the house1 and ,i believe the fellow knows it4 ,i have had letters from home since ,i wrote before1 and see what my mother says--8,you are right1 my good ,rosamonde1 truth is best for us2 not only for its own great sake1 but1 as you1 say1 we feel so much better and nobler every way when speaking and acting it2 and1 besides1 it serves us best in the end4 ,it has been serving us a good turn1 as you shall hear presently4 8,mrs4 ,hayden called here the day that we got your last4 ,you know ,i have always tried to keep up appearances before her more than almost any other1 she has things in such style at home4 ,if she has ever called when ,i was feeling discouraged about our affairs ,i brushed the depression all away1 you know1 and was as lively and full of this and that thing that was going on1 as if ,i hadn't a care in the world4 ,i was1 in fact1 never myself for one minute in her company until that day4 ,well1 when she came in ,i was alone1 your father was going here and there in the city1 to make it appear that he had a great deal on his hands ,i have no doubt1 and ,i was in tears over your letter--,i brushed the tears off a little1 but they ran again as soon as she began to speak kindly to me2 and she was really as kind as a woman could be1 ,rose--so ,i told her all about our discouragements1 how long they have lasted1 how they were growing deeper1 and all2 and read her your letter and showed her the bank-bills4 ,she was very sober1 and as ,i had never seen her so before1 it didn't seem to me that it could be the same ,mrs4 ,hayden that usually comes in once in six months1 and after sitting fifteen minutes1 talking of the weather1 crotchet-work1 her domestics and the like1 goes out again as cold and stately as she came4 ,she sat close beside me1 and threw off her bonnet when she found the strings troublesome4 ,she said she wished ,i had spoken of these things before1 for that your father might have been helped to a good business in the first of it1 as well as not4 ,she told me to be of good courage1 to be thankful that ,i have such a daughter4 ,here her tears started and mine ran again--she said she would speak to her husband1 his brother1 and hers1 and all would soon be right4 8,and all is right4 ,two retainers have already come in1 one of fifty dollars1 another of twenty4 ,old ,judge ,bailey sent for your father the other day--the judge is uncle to ,mrs4 ,hayden2 your father read with him six months1 but never had put himself in his way1 and so the judge had quite lost sight of him4 ,he told your father that he would be in need of him often1 and that if he--the judge1 ,i mean--does sometimes scold and send the chairs against the wall when the gout is on him1 your father must let it go as if it were a little rain and hail2 he will give him1 at the same time that he scolds1 good work and good pay4 ,i hope he wont scold1 for ,i think your father is too proud to bear much--he would sooner sacrifice the work and the pay4 ,i am afraid that nearly all these energetic patrons are either cross or whimsical1 or have some troublesome fault4 ,your father says that1 according to your ,uncle ,frederick's philosophy of compensation1 they are likely to have4 ,well1 we must wait and see4 8,p4 ,s4 ,i left this for your father to write a little1 if he could find time2 but he can't1 as true as you live4 ,he is busy early and late with great books1 and pens1 and sheets of paper1 and parcels of documents tied up with red tape4 ,you don't know how good this seems4 ,he is as happy with it as a child1 and proud of being all fagged out4 ,you would be delighted to see him2 he looks younger by ten years than he did a fortnight ago4 ,he wants you to come home now4 ,he says he couldn't have consented to your going to stay so long but that he thought it might be pleasanter for you there4 ,i couldn't certainly4 ,i hope you will try to come sooner1 for1 guess who comes in to inquire about you--,esquire ,charles ,hayden2 our ,mr4 ,hayden's youngest brother1 you know1 just home from ,california when you went away4 ,he has established himself here2 has his office close by your father's2 was in last evening1 and didn't want to talk of anybody but you4 ,mrs4 ,hayden had been telling him about you4 8,good-bye1 dear4 ,mrs4 ,hayden has just sent me word that she will call in an hour1 with ,charles1 to take me out to ride with them4 ,i believe it more and more1 that truth is best4 ,don't you1 ,rose80 ,no1 my mother6 ,i should believe it all the same1 if1 in following after it1 you had been led into countless difficulties and tribulations1 ,i should still believe it altogether best1 because best for the soul1 let what will come--come to the body4 ,mr4 ,marsden1 one of the village merchants1 went to ,boston yesterday1 and aunt commissioned him to tell ,alfred ,cullen1 with whom he deals largely1 to come up and spend ,new ,year with her and uncle4 ,now heaven forbid6 ,uncle says--8,come1 ,monde1 come and hear what that rascally ,louis ,napoleon is doing40 ,i go1 for ,france is1 as it were1 our next door neighbor in these days4 ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,,monde ,,to ,,edith4 ,danville1 ,dec4 #bi1 #ahea4 ,isn't this outrageous bad1 ,edith8 ,mr4 ,marsden brought along1 when he came back1 a note from ,alfred ,cullen1 saying that he will come to ,d----2 a box of oysters from him for uncle1 another of figs for aunt1 7and she wants to see me eat them every five minutes2 ,i think it is much the same as if she saw me eating the giver47 ,aunt is so glad to have him come that she hardly knows her head from her feet4 ,she is in danger of stumbling over ,ponto1 or a foot-cushion1 at every turn4 ,she gives more directions to ,bessy and ,hamlet than ten ,bessys and ,hamlets could follow4 ,it is well for them that she revokes half of them on the spot2 that she modifies the rest according to their liking1 and ends with telling them both to go on and do just what they see needs to be done1 and to do it in the way they think best4 ,she has no doubt1 she says1 that it will be done better than she can advise4 ,and so it will assuredly4 ,bessy has been in the family ten years1 ,hamlet three2 they both have clear brains and strong hands1 and1 as ,bessy says1 8have got the hang of every thing from garret to cellar40 ,this is no light achievement1 for one does not often see so large a house1 or such overflowing abundance4 ,by the by1 do you know that uncle has paid our house rent for the last ten years1 and given us money and other things beside8 ,i am thinking that1 if you do not1 you may be calling him 8a miserly old fellow40 ,he has offered my father land1 but my mother dreads leaving the city where she was reared4 ,now ,i hope you think1 as ,aunt ,alice and ,i do1 that uncle is the best man on earth1 except ,kossuth--,i must say1 except ,kossuth always2 for ,i believe he is the best man that breathes1 or that has breathed1 since the days of ,christ4 ,uncle and ,i talk about him1 we read his speeches1 and ,i keep saying in my heart--8the ,christ of the nations6 the ,christ of the nations60 ,and often a great fear comes over me1 that1 in another sense than his truth1 his self-immolating goodness1 his destiny is to be like that of the ,christ4 ,my heart is aching for him now--still ,i can put back the pain1 and say1 8,father1 let it be as seemeth good in ,thy sight2 for1 whether he lives or dies1 in him the great cause of freedom and human progress shall be glorified2 and he is strong and patient to drink of the cup that ,thou givest him40 99 99 99 99 99 ,tuesday1 #cjth4 ,i think this ,alfred ,cullen1 who will come to ,d---- to-morrow or next day1 must be altogether precious4 ,even uncle is moved a little4 ,he gives ,hamlet orders touching ,john1 and ,john's harness1 and the oats ,john must have1 that he and his trappings may be in good condition for ,alfred's use4 ,aunt looks at me and adds some suggestions about ,kate4 ,kate must be fed well and made sleek as can be2 for--perhaps--4 ,aunt goes no further than this 8perhaps0 of hers1 lately--she has seen1 ,i presume1 that her plans which embrace ,alfred ,cullen and me jointly1 annoy me4 ,indeed1 ,i was quite savage over them before she gave them up4 ,bessy bakes pies1 and loaves of all sorts of cake and ginger-bread1 without number1 and wipes the dust out of every corner4 ,aunt praises all that she does and all that ,hamlet does1 puts her caps in order and sponges her dresses4 ,paulina ,monroe1 meanwhile1 comes in often to look at my collars1 under-sleeves and cuffs1 that she may make her some like them4 ,her dress-maker hurries her sewing on a brown ,thibet like mine1 made like mine1 that it may be finished before to-morrow night4 ,paulina smiles incessantly1 has flutter in her manner1 and a red spot on each cheek2 so that ,ponto and ,i are the only two who go our ways precisely in the usual mode4 ,in truth1 ,i am not sure that ,ponto and ,i are entirely unaffected2 we are out of doors more than heretofore1 and when in the house are a little less sedate2 ,i can't bring my mind to my writing as usual1 and ,i shall be glad when his face is set again toward ,boston4 ,good-night6 ,i shall finish my letter after he comes4 ,i shall tell you now1 however1 what a beautiful gift ,i had yesterday from uncle--a plumed ,kossuth hat4 ,this is for me to wear when riding4 ,i wore it to-day1 and uncle walked round it and me1 saying with kindling eyes--8,that is splendid6 ,you never looked half so well1 ,monde1 in any thing60 ,and according to the revelations of the long mirror1 ,i think ,i never did4 ,but it is a fact1 ,edith1 my fair one1 that ,i am as brown as a berry4 ,good-bye4 99 99 99 99 99 ,wednesday1 #cast4 ,well6 ,alfred ,cullen came this morning while ,i was gone to ride4 ,we did not expect him until evening1 because it is a day's journey from ,boston4 ,but he stopped last evening at ,st4 ,c----1 where he had friends and business1 and this morning was brought over4 8,guess who's in the sitting-room with your uncle and aunt10 said ,hamlet1 with a broad smile1 as he came to help me out of the saddle4 8,paulina1 ,i dare say1 ,hamlet40 8,no4 ,you go in an' see who 't is4 ,come1 ,katy40 ,i came in straightway1 expecting to see ,hamlet's pretty sister1 ,fanny2 but saw1 instead1 a man of about thirty years2 by no means tall1 7for a man1 that is2 he is a little above me17 by no means large1 but noble and graceful1 and with a look in the highest degree animated and gentle4 ,he and uncle stood face to face1 talking energetically and laughing4 8,here she is60 said uncle1 as soon as he saw me4 8,here's ,monde4 ,monde1 our friend1 ,mr4 ,cullen4 ,our niece1 ,miss ,hedelquiver1 ,alfred4 ,ponto1 be still2 behave yourself1 ,ponto40 ,ponto wouldn't behave himself at all1 in the way uncle proposed2 he was quite too glad to see me4 ,when ,i would have stepped forward a little to meet ,mr4 ,cullen1 he was jumping on my long skirts and catching them in his teeth2 and when ,i would have shaken hands with him1 he sprang up between us1 and was so unmanageable1 that we were forced to dispense with the hand's-shaking altogether4 ,we called him a vicious puppy and boxed his soft ears a little2 but1 as we laughed all the while1 he only dragged my skirts the more pertinaciously and jumped the higher4 ,and judge you whether ,i was not glad that he did2 glad that ,i must be busy scolding him and getting my skirts and gloves and riding-stick away from him2 for uncle said1 turning to ,mr4 ,cullen-- 8,how do you like ,monde's hat1 ,alfred80 8,i was just thinking that it is the most becoming thing ,i ever saw10 replied he4 8,i think so10 said uncle4 ,i can't very well bear having any thing about my person commended1 you know2 especially if it brings such eyes as uncle's and ,mr4 ,cullen's to bear upon my figure2 and so ,i was glad enough to have aunt come into the room1 and forward into our midst1 that the survey might be broken4 ,but it was not long1 for aunt looked down on my long train1 and then said3 8,paulina has been trying to persuade ,rosamonde to put on a ,bloomer with her1 she didn't like to adopt it alone4 ,but ,i think ,rosamonde is wise in clinging to the long skirts1 especially for riding4 ,do you like the ,bloomers1 ,alfred80 8,not at all6 not at all60 and his eye ran over my figure again4 8,nor ,i10 said uncle4 8,to tell the truth10--with his eyes on my face--8,monde wrote us spirited letters2 ,i remembered a certain sort of dash and courage in her character1 and ,i was more than half afraid that she would come amongst us looking up out of a ,bloomer1 and that the first thing she began to talk about would be ,women's ,rights4 ,not1 as ,heaven knows10 added uncle1 with increasing seriousness1 8because there is not need of changes here1 as every where else2 but because the changes proposed are1 as it appears to me1 poor1 one-sided things4 ,i would not1 therefore1 like to hear so thoroughly sensible a girl as ,monde1 clamoring for them40 8,you will make ,monde blush10 said aunt4 8,not at all10 ,aunt ,alice1 replied ,i1 doffing my hat1 8,i can bear very well having my brain praised1 you know1 at any time4 ,ponto--,ponto1 bring me my glove40 8,yes1 that is true10 said aunt4 ,and added1 after a moment's pause--8,i can never make much out of this ,woman's ,rights business4 ,with sister ,eunice it is #8equal rights1 equal privileges1 equal pantaloons1' and some more1 ,i don't know what else4 ,i never pretend to understand a word of it40 ,this was cunning in aunt4 ,we all had a hearty laugh over it4 ,but good-night1 dearest2 ,i will finish in the morning4 99 99 99 99 99 ,morning4 ,when ,i returned to the parlor1 after changing my dress1 yesterday1 uncle and ,mr4 ,cullen sat in their arm-chairs1 face to face1 talking with thoughtful eyes of ,congress and ,hungary4 ,if ,congress would do thus and so1 then ,hungary could do so and thus1 so and thus4 ,if ,congress would not1 then ,god help ,hungary4 ,they had their eyes on each other's face2 they appeared as if they two could sit there and talk forever1 never once lacking themes of interest1 never once tiring of each other's discourse4 ,and uncle--dear1 good man that he is6--let me have a part now and then1 by saying--8,yes1 this is what ,i was saying to you yesterday1 you remember1 ,monde40 ,and then again--8,and ,monde1 ,i see1 thinks the same40 ,so that he and ,mr4 ,cullen soon came to speak as much to me as to each other4 ,aunt came in1 in a jet black dress1 and rich black lace cap1 with scarlet trimmings4 ,she looked happy1 and was as fresh and graceful as a girl--only her cap and collar were both awry1 and a lock of hair straggled4 ,her eyes sought ,mr4 ,cullen's directly4 8,mother10 said he1 answering her smile with one as genial1 8,i am as hungry as a wolf4 ,what are you going to have for dinner1 ,i wonder40 8,guess40 8,a chicken-pie40 8,yes6 as true as you live4 ,i remembered how you liked them1 and we made this on purpose for you40 8,thank you6 you are always kind4 ,what else have you8 ,i am so hungry60 8,pumpkin pies and toasted brown bread2 it will be ready in less than five minutes40 8,ah1 this is good6 there is nothing ,i love so well4 ,but1 ,ponto1 let this paper alone4 ,here1 you little rascal60 7,for ,ponto was running off with the 8,era20 going sideways in a highly comical way1 that he might not step on it47 8,ponto grows more roguish3 ,i am afraid you help to spoil him1 ,miss ,hedelquiver40 ,and in all that he said and did--,i mean ,mr4 ,cullen1 of course--he was like a good son1 running over with delight and sociability at finding himself beneath the home-roof once more4 8,the handsomest pie ,i ever saw10 said he1 as uncle was beginning to carve it4 ,i looked at aunt1 but she would not look at me4 ,she would say--8,i think so too4 ,rosamonde put on the cross and border4 ,neither ,bessy nor ,i should ever have thought of such a thing40 ,mr4 ,cullen looked up to me1 ,i know1 and uncle1 too2 but ,i was drinking1 and kept my eyes down in my tumbler of water4 8,i am vexed10 thought ,i1 for one moment1 8for this is what she will keep doing40 ,but the next moment ,i looked about me undauntedly1 and thought--8,yet1 if she does1 ,i wont be vexed4 ,i will only do those things that ,i do in such a way that she can't hold me up for admiration4 ,good6 ,i fancy ,mr4 ,cullen will see something not quite so pretty as that chicken-pie1 before many days40 ,and ,i was full of mirth at thought of the hodge-podge ,i will perpetrate if ,i am troubled4 ,mr4 ,cullen went over to ,mr4 ,monroe's after dinner1 and brought ,paulina back with him to take her supper with us and spend the evening4 ,she was in the new ,thibet1 the new collar and under-sleeves1 so that she was rather stiff1 rather careful about her ways1 but pretty as a rose and lily tied together1 and ,mr4 ,cullen evidently thought the same4 ,he ate a part of her ,baldwin apple1 when she complained of its being so large that she could neither hold it with both her hands 7and she spread them before him to let him see how much too small they were for that7 nor eat it if she could hold it4 ,she didn't allow ,ponto to come very near her new ,thibet1 or new under-sleeves1 and so ,mr4 ,cullen let the little fellow run over himself and me4 ,he played backgammon with her1 game after game1 as he talked with the rest1 and allowed her to beat him in every game2 whereupon she patted his shoulder with her dice-box and called him a careless goose4 8,rosamonde ,hedelquiver10 said she to me1 as she was putting on her furs to go1 8what made you keep on this common-looking dress1 and these plain duds10 touching her finger to my linen cuffs and collar4 8,i thought you would be all dressed up in your best1 and so ,i put these on4 ,i was mad with myself for my pains when ,i saw you40 8,ah1 this is nothing1 any way1 ,paulina4 ,here is your hood2 it is a beauty40 8,yes1 ,i like it pretty well4 ,i suppose you'll ride every day on horseback1 just as you have done80 8,i presume so4 ,let me tie your hood for you4 ,you can't find the strings1 can you80 8,no1 my fingers are all thumbs to-night4 ,i suppose ,alfred will ride with you4 ,aunt will teaze him to4 ,he used to ride with ,alice2 but he never liked it so well as walking1 or going in a carriage4 ,but he is one of those who will do every thing that is required of him40 ,she was putting on her over-shoes1 so that ,i could not see what sort of expression accompanied these words4 8,you needn't expect to see him here again to-night1 ,aunt ,alice10 said she1 hanging on his arm1 at the parlor door4 8,i shall keep him4 ,we're going to have something for breakfast that he likes best of any thing2 and ,i know he'll stay for this1 if not for any thing else4 ,wont you1 ,alfred80 8,no1 no1 ,paulina4 ,let him come back10 said aunt4 8,we want him here to-night4 ,don't stay1 ,alfred40 8,no1 ,i will not1 mother10 bowing to go4 8,then ,i will call you an obstinate and real cross pig1 if you don't10 ,i heard ,paulina say1 in tones half-laughing1 half-pouting1 in the hall4 ,uncle took up the ,tribune2 aunt and ,i drew near the stove to toast our feet a little4 8,i think he attends to her and humors her more and more10 said aunt at length1 in a dreamy tone4 ,she had been watching a chink in the stove where the flickering blaze was seen4 8,don't you think he does1 ,frederic8 ,frederic1 don't you think ,alfred really means to make a wife of ,paulina80 8,i think likely he does10 replied uncle1 at the same time that he went on with his reading1 as if he had not spoken1 or aunt either4 ,aunt kept her eyes on the stove after this until ,i rose to leave the room4 8,good-night dear10 said she then1 kissing me lovingly4 ,she looked as if the last of ever so many cherished hopes was on its flight4 ,i write in a little library that opens out of the back-parlor1 and is warmed by the book-parlor stove4 ,mr4 ,cullen has just entered the parlor2 where he talks softly to ,ponto1 and rummages the newspapers4 ,now aunt comes in1 and after the morning greetings1 she says1 clearing her throat--8,so you think ,paulina improves80 8,in some respects2 don't you80 8,yes1 ,i suppose she does4 ,but breakfast is quite ready1 ,alfred4 ,monde1 dear--0 coming this way4 8,yes1 dear aunt1 ,i come40 99 99 99 99 99 ,evening4 ,this has been the busiest day6 ,i couldn't even find time to get this already longest of all letters ready for the mail4 ,i will therefore sit here1 now that it is all over1 now that all have gone to rest but me1 and tell you about it2 and let me do it in little skirmishing scenes like this4 ,scene #a4 ,the ,breakfast ,table4 ,judge ,hedelquiver4 8,so ,burchard ,bean are lending their interests to the ,nicaragua route80 ,mr4 ,cullen4 8,yes2 and so are ,cornish ,brothers4 ,they are much more substantial40 ,mrs4 ,hedelquiver4 8,the ,nicaragua route1 the ,panama rail-road1 free trade1 and so on--,frederic and ,rosamonde think that these are going to do not a little toward making this world all over new4 ,they think they are going to do their part in putting down wars and every sort of thing that isn't brotherly and according to what the gospel enjoins4 ,monde1 have you water8 ,oh yes1 ,i see4 ,now ,i've tried again and again to see what connection there can possibly be between peace and the ,panama rail-road1 for instance2 and ,i can't4 ,i don't half believe there is any--do you1 ,alfred80 ,mr4 ,cullen1 laughing4 8,oh yes1 mother80 ,mrs4 ,hedelquiver4 8,yes1 ,i suppose you do4 ,you and ,frederic1 and ,monde think just alike about every thing1 ,i see4 ,have some more chocolate1 ,alfred40 ,scene #b4 ,the ,hall4 ,mrs4 ,hedelquiver4 8,what do you want to say to me1 dear80 ,monde4 8,i want to tell you--why1 aunt1 you see ,i want to write mornings1 and then ride when ,i am tired of it--just as ,i have done all along4 ,and ,i have been thinking that ,mr4 ,cullen may feel that it belongs to him to--why1 to see to me some1 perhaps sometimes to ride with me4 ,but it don't1 you know4 ,i would rather attend to myself1 and go alone1 as ,i have done4 ,so you wont let him think1 will you1 dear aunt1 that it is necessary for him on any account1 or at any time1 to go with me any where40 ,mrs4 ,hedelquiver4 8,why80 ,monde4 8,because1 if you do1 aunt1 it will put a disagreeable restraint upon him1 and make me very unhappy4 ,i have always been used1 you know1 to depending upon myself4 ,i have never been a favorite of the gentlemen1 or of anybody1 except a few kind people who would see that there was something in me somewhere that deserved to be loved40 ,mrs4 ,hedelquiver4 8,and this has been a grief to you1 dear1 ,monde8 and is at this minute1 as ,i know by the sound of your voice40 ,monde4 8,sometimes it grieves me2 and then again ,i am thankful4 ,for it has made me self-reliant1 and very loving toward ,him who will always be near ,his child1 and love her4 ,aunt1 dear1 you will promise not to hint it to him1 in the remotest way1 that he ought to ride with me1 or wait on me at any time80 ,mrs4 ,hedelquiver1 dreamily1 and as if again hopes were flying4 8,yes1 ,i will promise4 ,but ,i can't see what objections you can have to his riding with you4 ,there's ,john almost always1 you know1 in the stable4 ,there is nothing to hinder his going40 ,monde4 8,nothing to hinder1 if it is his own spontaneous will and wish2 otherwise1 every thing1 in my way of thinking4 ,come1 aunt1 you are freezing40 ,scene #c4 ,outside the ,gate4 ,judge ,hedelquiver4 8,ready1 ,monde80 ,monde4 8,ready1 uncle40 ,judge ,hedelquiver4 8,wait a moment4 ,i want to tell you1 ,monde1 that ,i overheard what you said to your aunt in the hall1 this morning40 ,monde4 8,did you1 uncle80 ,judge ,hedelquiver4 8,yes2 but never mind it3 ,it was only a new proof that you are the most sensible girl in creation4 ,it is just the way you ought to feel about it4 ,what he will do of his own accord1 let him do2 but ,i will help you in this4 ,i will take care that he don't do any thing for you because he sees you in need of him40 ,monde4 8,you are the dearest1 best uncle that any poor child ever had6 ,now1 if you will help me40 ,judge ,hedelquiver4 8,there you are6 ,you mount as if you had some little wings up there among the plumes of your hat4 ,i will bet you have40 ,mr4 ,cullen1 appearing at the door with a book in his hand4 8,what1 are you going to ride this morning1 ,miss ,hedelquiver80 ,monde4 8,yes1 ,mr4 ,cullen40 ,mr4 ,cullen4 8,and alone80 ,monde4 8,yes1 sir4 ,uncle1 my stick1 if you please40 ,mr4 ,cullen1 springing forward to pick up the stick4 8,now ,i protest against this6 ,i have been thinking that ,i wanted to ride--and 7laughing a little7 that ,i wanted to ride with you4 ,let me help you off1 now1 for a few minutes4 ,i will have ,john ready in--,john is in the stable1 isn't he1 judge80 ,judge ,hedelquiver4 8,yes1 and at your service1 if ,monde will wait--if she wants you to go4 ,you haven't asked her40 ,mr4 ,cullen4 8,no6 presuming blockhead that ,i am6 ,do you want me to go with you1 ,monde80 ,monde4 8,if you want to40 ,mr4 ,cullen4 8,as ,i most certainly do4 ,let me help you4 ,only ,i am sorry to give you so much trouble4 ,i am sorry ,i didn't know1 in the first of it1 that you were going4 ,you will tell me next time1 wont you80 7opening the gate for ,monde to pass in47 ,monde4 8,i--,i believe ,i sha'n't promise you40 ,mr4 ,cullen4 8,promise at any rate to let me know it1 whenever you are willing to have me with you40 ,monde1 with the door half shut between her and him4 8,i believe ,i sha'n't promise that either40 ,mr4 ,cullen1 on his way1 with the ,judge1 to the stable4 8,then ,i will always make you wait for me like this40 ,well1 well6 ,i see ,i might write all night1 with my scenes first to twentieth1 inclusive4 ,but ,i sha'n't4 ,i shall go to bed1 after ,i have told you that the morning ride was altogether delightful4 ,i never knew such a splendid morning4 ,i never had so agreeable a companion in ride1 or ramble1 or--,i shall say it1 ,edith1 for it is the truth--or any where4 ,and ,i fancy that he found me--quite tolerable4 ,one could not well be otherwise with him about4 ,we found company here when we returned--two of the professors from ,woodstock1 together with ,judge ,brentwood1 and his wife and daughter1 from ,craftsburg4 ,they all dined here2 and things never went off so strongly4 ,i sat by aunt1 and helped her serve the guests4 ,when ,i do this1 and she can now and then look over the table into uncle's always clear1 calm face1 and listen to his manly expression1 she can know pretty well what she is doing1 even if she does sometimes venture upon a little conversation4 ,while we were giving them our adieus at the door1 two other sleighs came up with high-headed horses and loud-jingling bells1 taking along fresh visitors to spend the rest of the day and the evening with us4 ,they were wealthy farmers1 who wanted to talk of horses and oxen1 and different breeds of sheep1 with uncle2 and farmers' wives1 who talked with most interest with aunt1 when it was upon butter and cheese1 and preserves and bread-making4 ,this1 as you must see1 left ,mr4 ,cullen and me pretty much to ourselves4 ,but we were at no loss4 ,i can't see how one can ever be at a loss with him2 for his vigorous and fresh thought readily comprehends all the philosophy of nature1 of morals1 and of life2 and he communicates himself1 as it were1 and all that is in him1 so magically that-- ,but1 see if ,i am going to write all night6 ,a happy ,new ,year1 dearest4 ,extend the greetings of the season to all in your house4 ,thy ,loving ,monde4 ,,chapter ,v4 ,,monde ,,to ,,edith4 ,danville1 ,jan4 #ab1 #aheb4 ,edith1 dear1 how often ,i write to you4 ,but it relieves me to throw my story by1 and gossip in this careless way4 ,and1 moreover1 ,i must be telling somebody how happy ,i am2 and how the days go1 day after day1 as if on the wings of the morning4 ,i would not have believed that there was any thing like it on this earth2 that ,i1 or any one1 could ever be so thoroughly comfortable4 ,i suppose it is because uncle and ,mr4 ,cullen talk so much of those excellent things that keep us close by ,heaven4 ,i don't suppose it is any thing else4 ,only it is pleasant riding every day1 sometimes twice a day2 sometimes on ,kate's back1 sometimes in a sleigh2 oftenest1 of late1 in a sleigh4 ,it is good seeing aunt so kind1 so attentive to all our wishes1 and so happy--and so facetious1 too1 in her way4 ,hear what a curious thing she said to-day1 when uncle and ,dr4 ,ponchard were discussing the medical systems4 ,uncle1 by the by1 is a homoeopathist4 8,husband seems to think1 as you see1 ,dr4 ,ponchard1 that the practice of medicine must needs change with all other practices2 that the great pills1 for instance1 as large as bullets1 belong to the almost by-gone age of bullets4 ,i don't know1 ,i am sure1 but he believes that people will be so refined by the time the transition state is fairly over1 that nothing but rarefied air will be thought of for remedies4 ,and if he does1 ,i shall think he is right1 doctor40 8,ha6 no doubt whatever of that10 said the doctor1 who is a sort of witty bear4 8,no doubt you will have implicit faith in the rarefied-air system1 if the judge ever comes to preach it4 ,you'll be found with a tube in your mouth1 breathing it whenever you have a little indigestion or headache40 ,aunt laughed1 and filled the huge pockets of the doctor's fur overcoat with apples for his wife and children4 ,hear how diligent ,i am4 ,i have been writing since five o'clock4 ,i began an hour earlier than usual1 because we are to have visitors from ,barnet to spend the day1 so that ,i must be hindered4 ,mr4 ,cullen has been reading in the parlor since six2 now it is almost seven4 ,he yawns1 he moves about2 ,i fancy he is tired of his books4 ,i do not allow him to come into the library in the morning1 because then it disturbs me having him near4 ,after they are stirring in all the rest of the rooms1 ,i don't mind it2 and he sits here by the hour4 ,he yawns again1 says1 8,heigho60 and sees to the fire4 8,monde60 he says1 as if there were something that he will no longer try to bear4 8,what say1 sir80 8,it is so hot and stupid here1 a fellow can have no comfort40 7,shutting the stove door47 8,i am coming into your cool room4 ,may ,i80 8,yes40 8,shall ,i disturb you80--coming4 8,no1 sir40 8#8,no1 sir6' so ,i see4 ,you can write1 and talk1 and have me about--it isn't so much as if ,ponto had come into the room instead of me4 ,i have a good mind to try whether there is a way of disturbing you a little4 ,i shall sit here close by you1 and keep scolding4 ,yes1 ,i see4 ,you only smile quietly at this1 and go on writing4 ,i am provoked6 ,i want you to talk with me2 want you to care more about me than about this old #8commercial pen' of yours4 ,will you80 8,i can't10 laughing4 8,then ,i will steal your pen4 ,i will hold your hand--thus--0 99 99 99 99 99 ,evening4 ,he stole my pen1 and threw it to the other side of the table4 ,he held my hand1 and called me 8an obstinate thing6 but a dear good girl--a dear good girl1 for all that40 ,he would keep my hand2 and soon ,i ceased trying to regain it--for he was telling me1 in the dearest voice1 what he had been reading and thinking2 so that ,i forgot every thing but that ,i was happy enough to go straight away to ,heaven4 ,and ,i wish at this moment1 ,edith1 that ,i might die--for ,i cannot believe that such happiness as this can last2 and ,i would rather die than have it broken4 ,i know what you will say4 ,you will say that ,i love ,mr4 ,cullen2 and ,i expect that ,i do4 ,i expect that ,i have loved him since the day that he came4 ,and ,i shall never regret this1 even if ,i find that it is only friendliness he feels for me1 if ,i find that he loves and marries another--for my life is enriched and beautified by the new emotions1 by the love of one so noble1 so pure6 ,for the present1 aunt looks smilingly on1 takes ,mr4 ,cullen's part when he and uncle are both going to ride1 and both lay claims to my company4 ,she adjusts the matter by saying1 8,frederic1 let her go with ,alfred6 ,he isn't going to stay long1 you know4 ,and1 besides1 ,i want to go with you myself4 ,so just bring my hood and cloak in from the hall1 while ,i am finding the rest of my things40 8,yes1 #8finding the rest of your things6' this takes a week2 and this is why ,i like it best having ,monde go with me40 ,but1 notwithstanding uncle contends ,i can see that he likes best seeing me go and come with ,mr4 ,cullen4 ,notwithstanding he and aunt send ,mr4 ,cullen or me in every morning to see how it is with ,paulina's neuralgia1 they are neither of them much sorry to be told that her face is still swelled out of all comeliness of shape with it1 so that she will not see either of us4 ,her mother1 by the way1 says she took cold wearing such thin stockings over here the day that ,mr4 ,cullen came4 ,she would wear them1 she says1 because she wanted to pinch her feet up in her tight summer boots4 8,a silly puss60 said uncle1 when aunt told him about it4 8,i wonder how a woman can imagine that any person of sense cares a fig whether her foot is like an elephant or a mouse40 ,we rode a long way to-day1 for our visitors were old people1 who cared more for talking with uncle and aunt about their fathers and grandfathers and great-uncles1 than for all ,mr4 ,cullen and ,i had to say to them4 ,and the day and the scenery were magnificent4 ,i wonder if you know1 ,edith1 mine1 that one never needs go to ,italy because one is longing to look upon deep blue skies1 sunsets1 and moonlights splendid enough to bewitch one2 and upon mountains1 great and small1 ranging off like troops of living monsters4 ,one needs only come to ,new ,england2 here1 to this hilly town1 ,danville4 ,and one should come1 at least once in one's life1 in the winter of the year2 for the so much bepraised summer glory must yield to the winter1 if many mountains are in the scene1 and such noble ones as ,mount ,washington and its kindred4 ,their snowy lights are softened by the distance1 and their shades deepened1 so that1 at midday1 it is as if they were all of pearl4 ,they lie along the whole eastern horizon2 and when the sun takes a golden setting1 there can hardly be any thing much finer of its kind in all ,italy1 in all ,switzerland1 ,i imagine2 for a reflected glory is upon the mountains as varied nearly1 nearly as intense as that which immediately surrounds the sun4 ,we talked of ,alice to-day as we rode2 and ,mr4 ,cullen had serious eyes and hushed tones1 as if he had infinite tenderness for her memory4 8,i think as your uncle and aunt do1 that you are like ,alice in many respects1 dear ,monde10 said he1 leaning a little toward me1 as if he felt tenderness for me1 in that he felt it for the dead ,alice4 8,only10 he added1 8as the judge says1 you have much the superior character4 ,you have1 ,i see1 the pliancy of the reed1 when you need to bend1 and the consistency of the oak1 when you need to stand erect4 ,i like the way you bear praise10 added he1 after a little pause4 8,i suppose you would bear the same amount of fault-finding as quietly40 8,try me1 and see40 8,yes2 for instance1 if ,i tell you that you have a certain obstinate self-reliance1 piquant to see40 8,well80 8,and then if ,i were to tell you that ,i like the little wickedness1 like to close hands with it1 and master it40 8,then ,i would tell you that you are downright vicious6 ,but you don't master it2 you never can60 8,yes2 you ride with me when you have just been saying that you certainly will stay at home4 ,i throw away your pen and hold you fast1 when you have just been saying that you will write1 that you care less for me than for your old pen4 ,don't you remember it80 8,yes40 8,so do ,i4 ,i like to remember it1 because1 for some reason1 it is better mastering you once1 than any other woman that ,i know ten times40 ,i turned the conversation by showing him the beautiful little brook that went leaping and tinkling amongst the rocks1 and icicles1 and fairy-like frost-work close by the road4 ,one finds such little brooks at every turn among the hills here at ,danville4 ,he looked at the brook1 calling it 8beautiful60 ,he took my hand into his1 and kept it until we reached home4 ,he must go home in a few days2 he has stayed already twice as long as he intended when he came4 ,i wonder how ,i can get along without him4 ,i foresee that ,i shall want him as a child wants its mother4 ,i will write again soon after he goes4 ,heigho6 says ,your ,loving ,monde4 ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,,monde ,,to ,,edith4 ,danville1 ,jan4 #bj1 #aheb4 ,he went yesterday morning early2 and since that time ,i go from one chair to another1 or from one window to another1 sighing1 and with untold quantities of lead in my heart4 ,i am disposed not to write1 not to talk1 or do any thing1 but turn my eyes ,boston-ward1 and think of him4 ,but ,i shall not be so stupid6 ,i shall put a little stiff barrier--my own flinty will1 of course--between me and him1 so that he shall be there at ,boston1 and ,i here1 following diligently my duty4 ,i shall lay this letter by1 and finish my story for ,mr4 ,s----4 ,then ,i shall ask uncle to ride with me over to see ,bessy's feeble sister1 ,mrs4 ,thornton1 who has a whole roomfull of little children to see to2 and to whom an hour's service1 now and then1 at making or mending1 is a blessed godsend4 ,then ,i will take my sewing in1 and sit a few hours with ,paulina1 whose neuralgia still afflicts her4 ,i will stay and take supper with her2 and if she is cross1 as she is often of late1 it shall not hurt me1 since ,i will be good-natured4 ,in the long evening ,i will be here2 ,i will snap corn1 pass round apples2 sit now at aunt's feet1 help her in her sewing-plans1 and then at uncle's1 talking with him of ,kossuth1 ,clay1 ,cass1 and ,webster4 ,when they go1 if ,i am in wakeful mood1 ,i will write here until ,i am in a drowsy one1 and then go to my rest1 humbly commending myself to ,god as his servant1 his follower2 not the servant1 not the follower of any mortal idol whatever4 ,thus shall my soul be kept loyal unto itself and unto ,him--and not the less loyal unto the good one who has chosen me4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ten o'clock1 evening4 ,uncle set us and our great basket1 full of good things1 down at the door of the ,thorntons1 and himself rode on to ,hardwick1 where he had business that must keep him until after dinner1 as he believed4 ,the pale mother was 8glad and thankful to see us10 but a little flurried to have us find her children in such disorderly array2 and her house1 too--it is a bit of a house to hold ten people1 and made of logs4 ,but we took the children to us1 gave them apples and doughnuts1 and soon had ,mrs4 ,thornton's great work-basket between us4 ,we finished off three little garments that were on the way1 and put on ten patches here and there2 ,alice1 aunt's bright-eyed namesake1 counted them4 ,we cut off the long hair of the girl's1 and made the short hair of the boys shorter2 and then1 when they had all been washed and combed1 saw that there is nowhere a prettier1 brighter family of children4 ,aunt1 meantime1 was like a bee1 dipping into this and into that2 dragging roll after roll of pieces from her basket1 whenever a patch was needed2 and helping ,mrs4 ,thornton warm up the pudding and the pies we had brought1 and fry the sausages and broil the steak4 ,mr4 ,thornton and his eldest boy came in from the woods just at the right moment--just as all the steaming dishes were ready to go to the table4 ,uncle1 too1 came in the right time2 in fact there was never so lucky a day2 every thing happened at the right time1 and in the right way4 ,there was never so good a dinner2 or1 at any rate1 this was what we all said1 smacking our lips a little1 and holding out our plates for more4 8,this will do us all a great deal of good10 said ,mrs4 ,thornton1 when we were putting on our things4 8,and us1 too1 ,mrs4 ,thornton60 said aunt2 in a hearty way4 8,i havn't had a pleasanter time for many a day4 ,and ,i don't believe ,monde has40 8,no1 aunt1 ,i havn't40 ,and it was the truth1 ,edith4 ,happy as ,i have been with ,alfred ,cullen1 ,i was as happy without him--just thinking of him now and then1 as ,i sat there putting on patches1 and doing with right good will whatever came into my way to do4 ,let me tell you a little story1 dear ,edith1 and then ,i am done4 ,two or three days ago1 at about this time of the evening1 there sat on this spot1 a gentleman of fine features1 of easy1 manly bearing1 and a lady4 ,the lady was not beautiful4 ,the best that could be said of her on the score of beauty1 her sincere friend1 ,edith ,manners1 had said to her one day2 8,you are not so homely as you think1 ,miss ,monde4 ,you have beautiful hair1 beautiful teeth--and ,i think a great deal of one's having pretty teeth4 ,your form is excellent2 and your ways have an abundance of grace and ease in them40 ,this was all ,edith ,manners could say to her friend2 and more than many others would have said1 who knew her less familiarly2 for she had1 in truth1 grace and ease in her manners only when she had grace and quietness in her soul2 that it was sometimes said of her by those she would gladly have pleased1 8,i don't fancy her2 she has a hard manner40 ,well1 they sat here1 those two1 in their easy-chairs1 and rocked and talked1 with their eyes steadily on each other's face4 ,he held her hand in his1 and kissed the fingers ever and anon as he talked and listened4 ,at length he folded her close to his heart1 and1 with his lips on hers1 called her--his 8beloved60 ,the next morning1 when they met here1 on the spot so sacred and dear to them both now1 he took her to him once more1 and said1 8,when will my ,monde be all my own80 ,she1 8pliant as a reed10 and with her arms clinging to him1 answered1 8,any time1 dear ,alfred--any time60 because1 you see1 she felt then1 ,edith1 that she could not well live without him a day4 ,but it seems to have been demonstrated that she can--for he left her the following morning1 after it had been agreed that they will both write immediately to her parents2 that1 their replies being propitious1 he will accompany her to them in one month1 and1 in six months more1 he will receive her at their hands2 that1 after two or three weeks spent there1 he will bring her to his own home1 to pass the rest of her happy life by his side4 ,and here ends my story4 ,only ,i must tell you how good uncle and aunt are4 ,aunt wept for joy1 as if she would suffocate1 when ,alfred1 standing close before me1 with my hand in his1 told her and uncle our resolves4 ,uncle1 also1 had moist eyes4 ,he stood one moment near us1 the next he walked the floor4 ,i presume he thought of the dear ,alice4 ,i did2 and longed that the blessings of her glorified spirit might be upon our union4 8,you shall be as a daughter to me in all respects1 ,monde10 said uncle1 speaking with difficulty4 8,i have loved you as if you were my daughter1 ever since you came4 ,whatever you need to have done1 ,i shall attend to--if you will come to me always1 as though ,i were your father4 ,and you will1 ,monde80 ,i answered the imploring voice1 the imploring eyes1 by catching the hand extended to me in both my own1 and covering it with grateful tears and kisses4 ,i have had letters from home within a few days4 ,and mother wrote--8,you will feel quite lost when you come4 ,we've moved into a large and beautiful tenement on ,b4 street1 close by the ,haydens1 and fitted the front parlor all up new1 taking the old parlor furniture for the sitting-room4 ,i hope you'll like these changes better than poor ,kit does4 ,your father brought her over here in a basket1 covered1 that she might not see the way and be running back4 ,but we missed her1 and your father went over to see if he could find her at the old rooms1 and there the poor creature was1 prowling about the open cellar window1 as lean and hungry-looking as a wolf4 ,your father worries half of his time about her1 when he is in the house4 ,i really think he wishes he had stayed there too4 ,now that it is becoming an old thing1 ,i see that he is often tired of so much to do4 ,he gets the best of business1 ,i mean business that pays the best2 but his responsibilities wear him1 and he has trouble with some of his clients4 ,when he has been working day and night for them1 they are as likely as any way to think that he hasn't done enough4 8,i have my troubles1 too4 ,i ought to be ashamed to complain1 ,i suppose1 now we are doing so well1 but when you come you will see1 as ,i do1 that there are vexations for those who have enough of every thing1 as well as for the poor4 ,perhaps you will think1 as your father and ,i are sometimes inclined to1 that it isn't worth while to look for much real1 lasting happiness in this world1 or for any benefit that hasn't its tax40 ,yes1 one sees how it is with my poor parents2 poor in their adversity1 poor now in their prosperity4 ,they look to the outward conditions of their lot for a great good that shall be final2 for a life serene and well-satisfied that shall make its way into them1 from without2 from the new friends1 the fast-filling purse1 the freshly adorned home4 ,would that they and all the world could know that every good1 every real enjoyment of life1 is born of ,god in the soul4 ,there ,love1 the ,divine ,life1 the ,artist-,life1 the ,blessed ,life1 whatever we call it1 has its genial1 its beloved home4 ,ah1 ,heaven6 to have this love within us1 so that we must burst forth into singing2 to have it beaming thence upon our friends1 our home1 upon the earth1 crowning them all with glory and light6--this is to know how good ,god is1 in that ,he made and endowed us specially for this kind of life4 ,only we have sought out many inventions2 have picked up one thing and another on our right hand and on our left1 calling the laborious1 unseemly patch-work we have in this way made up1 ,life4 ,that we must pay a tax grievous to be borne on this1 is one of the merciful dispensations1 for it brings us to look for that to come1 which will come without price1 which will surely come1 if we will accept nothing else1 if we will wait for it1 and receive it like little children4 ,thine1 dear1 ,monde ,hedelquiver4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,wellington4 ,a ,,military ,,biography4 ,,by ,,william ,,dowe4 ,le tambour d'en ,haut a bat le rappel4 ,soult1 ,duke of ,dalmatia4 ,there's a lean fellow beats all conquerors4 ,dekkar4 ,the last survivor of those celebrated chieftains who flashed their swords and waved their crests on the great battle-field of ,europe in the ,napoleonic war1 has gone to his place4 ,half a pound of indigestible venison has done what the hostile bayonets and bullets of the ,french and the ,mahrattas failed to do1 in a military career of twenty years4 ,arthur1 ,duke of ,wellington1 born in the same year with the greater ,corsican1 outlived him over thirty years1 and died at ,walmer ,castle1 on the #adth of ,september last4 ,he witnessed a great many of the most extraordinary doings of the last half century1 and was1 himself--a great portion of them--quorum pars magna fuit4 ,he hurried on the current of events which led to the fall of the great ,mongol throne of ,tamerlane and ,arungzebe2 and his hand gave the last bloody stroke which overthrew that of ,napoleon4 ,arthur ,wesley or ,wellesley--for the name seems to have been elongated1 as a matter of dignity1 like that of ,abram of old--was born at ,dangan1 in ,ireland1 on the first of ,may1 #agfi--;a fortnight before ,bonaparte saw the light upon the sheet of ,gobelin tapestry which represented 8the tale of ,troy divine40 ,his grandfather was ,garret ,wesley1 an ,irish gentleman of good family1 made ,baron of ,mornington by ,george ,,ii41 in #agdg4 ,the ,wesley family has given the world another great man4 ,it is stated that ,john ,wesley1 the preacher1 belonged to it2 a man whose evangelical renown is as immortal as that of the soldier4 ,the earldom of ,mornington was not a wealthy one2 and1 after the death of her husband1 the countess--mother of the ,british ,gracchi 7for the ,marquis ,wellesley was also famous7--brought up her four children1 of whom ,arthur was the youngest1 in very narrow circumstances4 ,at an early age the latter1 not having benefited much from his education1 said he would be a soldier1 and was sent to ,angiers in ,france1 where he studied the science of military engineering1 under the famous ,pignerol1 about the time ,napoleon was doing the same at ,brienne4 ,great elements of future storms were at that moment fomenting in the kingdom of ,france6 ,at the age of eighteen1 ,arthur ,wellesley having returned home1 got his ensigncy4 ,by purchase and quick promotion1 he was lieutenant-colonel in his twenty-fourth year4 ,the first campaign he engaged in was as disastrous as his last was fortunate4 ,the enemy was the same4 ,in #agid he joined the army of the ,duke of ,york1 then striving to drive the ,french republicans out of the ,netherlands4 ,but his royal highness was driven out himself in #agie4 ,the soft young bishop of ,osnaburg was not the man to cope with the fiery generals of the ,convention4 ,thus ended ,arthur ,wellesley's first campaign4 ,the scene now changes to ,india4 ,from a mere foothold and factory1 on the shore1 the ,english had in half a century won1 thanks to ,lord ,clive1 a vast extent of territory round the three ,presidencies of ,bombay1 ,madras and ,calcutta4 ,a company of merchants had done all this--the ,east ,india ,company--whose chartered monopoly existed up to #ahad4 ,at the close of the last century the empire of the ,mongols had dwindled away1 and the ,mahrattas1 a wild people who rose fifty years before1 possessed a large portion of the appanage of the ,great ,mogul4 ,this last was dozing out his life in the palace of his renowned ancestors at ,delhi4 ,his empire in falling had broken into pieces4 ,the ,mahrattas formed one of these1 and another1 was the kingdom of ,mysore1 made so famous by the usurpation and bravery of ,hyder ,alee and his son1 the ,sultaun ,tippoo ,saib4 ,in #agih the ,earl of ,mornington went out to ,india as governor-general1 and his brother1 the colonel1 accompanied him4 ,their earliest attention was given to ,tippoo1 who1 from the table-land of ,mysore made the ,carnatic tremble at the name of his formidable cavalry4 ,he was also in close connection with the ,french1 and had given them repeated assurances that he would join his forces with theirs and annihilate the ,british power in ,india4 ,therefore1 in ,march #agii1 the ,anglo-,indian army under ,general ,harris1 #cg1jjj strong1 marched toward ,tippoo1 fully determined to put him out of the way4 ,the advance was fiercely obstructed by the spahis of ,mysore till1 manuvring and skirmishing repeatedly1 the invading army had reached the walls of ,tippoo's capital1 ,seringapatam4 ,between the ,british camp and the city lay some ruined villages1 an aqueduct and a grove of cocoas and bamboos1 which were desperately defended1 and taken with great difficulty and loss4 ,after a month's delay outside the city1 the besiegers prepared to get into it1 by storm1 through a breach made in the wall4 ,french troops and engineers in the pay of ,tippoo made the siege of ,seringapatam a formidable undertaking4 ,but a forlorn hope1 crossing a ditch under fire1 scrambled into the breach1 and1 other troops following1 ,seringapatam was taken1 resisting furiously4 ,tippoo had gone out early in the morning to the outer rampart1 to look at the camp4 ,while there1 he was surprised to hear that the ,english were entering the breach4 ,calling for his carbine1 he hurried with his guard to the place1 and on the rampart met his soldiers running before the stormers4 ,he bid them stop1 with a loud voice1 and ordered them to rush back again2 at the same time he fired his carbine repeatedly on the ,english4 ,but the fugitives went by1 and left him with a small body of officers and attendants1 still firing on the assaulters4 ,at last he turned to fly from the rampart to the gate of the inner fort4 ,hurrying through this he saw the ,english within and received two balls in the breast4 ,he fell from his horse1 and was then dragged from the crowd and put upon a palanquin4 ,the ,europeans soon rushed in1 and a soldier laying hold of the diamond-studded sword-belt worn by the sultaun1 attempted to drag it off4 ,a servant1 as he was making his escape1 turned and saw ,tippoo make a sweep of his sword at the man and cut him on the knee1 whereupon the latter put his piece to his shoulder and shot the sultaun dead through the temple4 ,more carnage followed in this spot till at last the fort was won4 ,when ,tippoo's palace and his sons were taken1 the conquerors sought the chief himself2 the cry went that he was dead2 and that night1 by torchlight1 ,general ,baird and his officers proceeded to search for the body in the gateway4 ,about three hundred dead bodies were dragged away1 and then the killedar of the palace recognized the half-stripped body of ,tippoo4 ,his splendid turban1 jacket and sword-belt were gone4 ,when dragged out1 the body was so warm1 and the open eyes looked so life-like1 that ,colonel ,wellesley laid his hands on the heart and the wrist before he could believe it was a corpse4 ,an officer present cut off from the right arm a talisman in fine flowered silk--inclosing an amulet of a silvery substance1 and a piece of parchment with ,persian and ,arabic words4 ,napoleon also wore an amulet1 said to be that of ,charlemagne4 ,after the fall of ,tippoo1 the little grandson of the rajah whom ,hyder ,alee had deposed1 forty years before1 was put in his place1 and held his throne in subserviency to the ,english4 ,a ,mysore chief named ,doondhia still attempted to hold out1 but ,colonel ,wellesley defeated and killed him4 ,next came the ,mahratta war4 ,the chief of the ,mahratta confederacy--the ,peishwa--resided at ,poonah1 his capital2 acknowledging1 in a shadowy and nominal way the supremacy of the shadowy ,mogul emperor1 ,shah ,allum1 who dozed away his life at ,delhi4 ,but the peishwa's authority was over-shadowed by his powerful subject1 ,ras ,scindiah1 who wielded the military power of the ,mahrattas to make war or peace with the ,english4 ,the latter1 now1 either thought he had been assisting ,tippoo1 or feared he might be a troublesome neighbor in connection with the ,french2 so they prepared to take advantage of events4 ,holkar1 another ,mahratta chief1 having gone to war against ,scindiah and thrown the kingdom into confusion1 the poor peishwa ran away from ,poonah and put himself under ,british protection4 ,the case was therefore a clear one4 ,in #ahjc ,general ,wellesley proceeded1 at the head of an army1 into the ,mahratta territory and restored the peishwa4 ,in the same year1 ,lord ,lake marched northward to ,delhi1 drove out the ,french1 who had there exercised a certain influence over ,shah ,allum and bringing forth that poor1 blind monarch 7one of his ,mahratta rebels had scooped out his eyes with a dagger67 placed him on the imperial musnud of ,india1 under ,british protection6 ,meantime1 the ,mahratta chiefs who would not submit to the ,anglified fled pieshwa1 were to be punished4 ,wellesley marched against ,scindiah and the ,rajah of ,berar1 and overthrew them at ,assaye2 and ,lord ,lake demolished the armies of ,holkar4 ,the whole peninsula of ,india was now virtually subject to the ,british4 ,the ,east ,india ,company gave ,wellesley a sword worth one thousand guineas1 for his services1 and ,william ,pitt made him a knight4 ,in #ahje he returned to ,england with his brother1 now ,marquis ,wellesley4 ,in that year he became a member of the ,house of ,commons4 ,in #ahjf he was again engaged in hot work4 ,he married ,elisabeth ,pakenham1 daughter of ,lord ,longford and sister of the general who fell at ,new ,orleans2 and was then sent on the ,copenhagen expedition4 ,england1 dreading that ,napoleon1 who now bestrode ,europe like a colossus1 would lay hands on the fleet of ,denmark for the purposes of invasion1 resolved1 with the promptness and decision which distinguish her in difficult emergencies1 to lay hands on it first4 ,an armament under ,lord ,cathcart and ,admiral ,gambier went for the ships1 and receiving a refusal bombarded ,copenhagen in the most terrible manner2 while ,sir ,arthur ,wellesley manuvred and beat the ,danes on shore4 ,in the midst of a general conflagration of the city the fleet was surrendered and carried away4 ,all ,europe--,napoleon and the ,french particularly--cried out against this high-handed business4 ,it is still a great theme of discussion at historical societies in ,england1 where it is not yet decided4 ,we have now come to the ,peninsular ,war4 ,napoleon had declared all ,europe in a state of blockade and forbade the nations to trade with ,england4 ,but they would trade4 ,he then resolved to take the coast kingdoms of ,spain and ,portugal into his own power2 and seized his opportunity4 ,in #ahjg1 in consequence of the household quarrels of the imbecile ,spanish ,bourbons1 he marched his troops into ,spain under pretence of assisting ,charles ,,iv4 against his son ,ferdinand4 ,charles was induced to abdicate4 ,napoleon sent for ,ferdinand2 and in ,april #ahjh1 ,charles1 his queen1 ,ferdinand1 ,don ,carlos and ,godoy were together1 in a room at ,bayonne1 in presence of ,napoleon2 all the family in his clutches6 ,the queen abused ,ferdinand in the most shocking manner for his conduct to his father1 who1 she said1 was not his father1 after all6 ,the interview was a terrible one--the calm1 imperturbable face of ,napoleon looking sternly on4 ,modern annals do not furnish the painter with a finer historic subject4 ,napoleon took the father and son1 sent them to separate prisons in ,france1 and put his brother ,joseph on the throne4 ,but1 as ,delavigne says3 8,the hope was vain3 stoled priests and belted chiefs ,roused each the other up1 and proudly woke ,to loftier thought the popular beliefs1 ,and fired a nation's spirit as they spoke40 ,the haughty people of ,spain ran to arms to expel the foreign garrisons4 ,england loudly cheered on the furies of insurrection in the ,peninsula1 and sent ,sir ,arthur ,wellesley1 in #ahjh1 with an army of #ijjj men to coperate with the ,spaniards4 ,when he reached ,corunna he found that the ,junta1 relying upon the strength of the patriots1 were not desirous to receive the troops4 ,but they advised the general to proceed to ,portugal and attempt to drive the ,french from that country1 which they had likewise occupied4 ,sir ,arthur proceeded to ,mondego ,bay1 a little to the north of ,lisbon1 then garrisoned by the ,french4 ,it was of this landing that ,sir ,walter ,scott sung1 in his 8,vision of ,don ,roderick30 8,it was a dread1 yet spirit-stirring sight3 ,the billows foamed beneath a thousand oars1 ,fast as they land1 the red-cross ranks unite1 ,legions on legions brightening all the shores4 ,then banners rise1 the cannon-signal roars1 ,then peels the warlike thunder of the drum1 ,thrills the loud fife1 the trumpet's flourish pours1 ,and patriot hopes awake and doubts are dumb1 ,for1 bold in ,freedom's name1 the bands of ocean come40 ,sir ,arthur repulsed the ,french in the engagement of ,rolica4 ,he also beat them at the battle of ,vimiera1 during which ,sir ,harry ,burrard1 his superior in command1 arrived on the ground2 but left the honor of the day to ,wellesley4 ,junot1 ,duke of ,abrantes1 then sent a flag of truce and offered to evacuate ,portugal4 ,the convention of ,cintra followed1 signed by ,sir ,hew ,dalrymple1 ,sir ,h4 ,burrard and ,wellesley1 on the part of ,england2 and the ,french army was sent home in ,british vessels4 ,this treaty was vehemently denounced in ,england1 and public opinion pelted the three generals4 ,byron alludes to the matter in ,childe ,harold3 8,convention is the dwarfish demon styled ,that foiled the knights in ,marialva's dome ,of brains1 if brains they had he them beguiled ,and turned a nation's shallow joy to gloom40 ,byron was mistaken in supposing the treaty was signed in the house of the ,marquis of ,marialva4 ,another and a greater disaster was mourned1 soon after1 in ,england4 ,sir ,john ,moore who had marched1 at the close of #ahjh1 at the head of a small army into the heart of ,spain1 where he was disappointed in the ,spanish assistance he expected1 and threatened with destruction by the victorious ,french armies who had taken ,madrid1 began his disastrous retreat of #bej miles toward the sea1 and arrived1 at last1 at ,corunna1 where his harassed and tormented spirit found rest4 8,slowly and sadly they laid him down ,from the field of his fame fresh and gory2 ,they carved not a line1 they raised not a stone1 ,but they left him alone with his glory40 ,a couple of months after this event--in ,april #ahji--,sir ,arthur ,wellesley was at ,lisbon1 in command of the ,british and ,portuguese armies4 ,marching rapidly northward he made the passage of the ,douro in face of the enemy--one of the most remarkable achievements of the war--and entered the city of ,oporto4 ,the ,french fled away in such a hurry that ,sir ,arthur ate the dinner cooked for ,marshal ,soult4 ,following up his success immediately1 he drove the marshal precipitately out of ,portugal4 ,in ,july1 he crossed the frontier into ,spain2 where1 having formed a junction with ,cuesta--a respectable old general who always moved about in a carriage--he marched to ,talavera4 ,here the allied armies met the ,french1 under ,king ,joseph1 ,jourdain1 ,victor and ,sabastiani4 ,the latter were the assailants in a series of brilliant and desperate movements2 but they were boldly confronted and baffled by the admirable strategy of the ,english commander4 ,the ,french fell back on the night of the battle4 ,but ,sir ,arthur fell back in a week1 and left all his wounded to the care of ,mortier1 at ,talavera4 ,dreading that the junction of ,soult and ,ney might cut off his communication with ,portugal1 he retired to the frontiers of ,spain by the ,tagus4 ,byron has celebrated or satirised ,talavera in ,childe ,harold3 8,three hosts combine to offer sacrifice2 ,three tongues prefer strange orisons on high2 ,three gaudy standards flout the pale blue skies2 ,the shouts are1 ,france1 ,spain1 ,albion1 ,victory6 ,the foe1 the victim1 and the fond ally ,that fights for all1 but ever fights in vain1 ,are met1 as if at home they could not die1 ,to feed the crow on ,talavera plain ,and fertilize the field that each pretends to gain60 ,sir ,arthur was now created ,lord ,wellington--though the ,english did not like to hear of the retreating movements4 ,the ,french generals were victorious in ,spain1 and the year #ahji closed darkly on the hopes of the junta4 ,in the beginning of #ahaj1 they were almost driven into the sea4 ,upon the shore of it the enemy besieged them in ,cadiz4 ,lord ,wellington was with the allied army on the frontiers of ,portugal2 and when ,massena1 having taken ,ciudad ,rodrigo and ,almeida1 advanced upon the latter kingdom1 the ,english general retired1 but with his face to the marshal4 ,in this attitude1 he hurled back the ,french1 in the brilliant affair of ,busaco2 and so continued to retire till he reached the sea1 which1 every where seems to wear a friendly face for the ,english4 ,here ,wellington fortified himself within the impregnable mountain lines of ,torres ,vedras--extending thirty miles along the coast1 from the ,tagus to the mouth of the ,sissandro4 ,in this position he had the ,english fleet at his back4 ,during his retreat he had laid waste ,portugal--cleared the country of every thing that could support or assist ,massena4 ,the sufferings of the poor ,portuguese--burghers and peasantry--were pitiable4 ,but the ,french army suffered most4 ,at the close of the year1 weakened by want of provisions and desertion1 ,massena struck his camp and retired4 ,in the beginning of ,march1 ,wellington quitted his mountain fortress and followed him4 ,the country was extensively wasted by ,massena in his retreat1 and in ,april1 #ahaa1 the ,french were forced out of ,portugal4 ,this year was consumed in a series of bloody and fruitless movements4 ,in the beginning of #ahab1 ,wellington besieged and took ,ciudad ,rodrigo1 and1 on the #fth of ,april1 he stormed ,badajos--one of the most sanguinary affairs of the kind in modern warfare4 ,soult1 who was advancing to relieve that fortress1 retired on hearing of its fall1 and1 being followed by the allies1 the great battle of ,salamanca was fought in ,july4 ,marmont was defeated and lost his right arm2 his dispatches to the minister at war were signed with his left hand4 ,the blockade of ,cadiz was now raised1 at the end of twenty-one months1 and the junta felt more at ease4 ,lord ,wellington made a splendid entry into ,madrid1 and was hailed as the deliverer of the ,peninsula4 ,but it was not yet delivered4 ,he pursued the ,french northward as far as ,burgos1 which place he besieged and tried to take by assault4 ,but hearing that the ,french were greatly reinforced and fearing his communication with ,portugal might be cut off1 he raised the siege and retraced his steps in ,october1 pursued in turn by ,soult4 ,then began the ,english retreat to the ,douro2 disgraceful as well as disastrous4 ,the confusion1 bad conduct1 and insubordination of the army were extraordinary2 it seemed completely demoralized by the reverse4 ,the soldiers thought they were advancing to the ,french frontiers2 instead of which1 they were carried back again across ,spain and ,portugal4 ,thousands of the men deserted2 and ,wellington said his troops were 8more ill-behaved and undisciplined than any army he ever read or heard of40 ,at the same time the ,spanish general1 ,ballasteros1 refused to listen to or obey him--a heretic foreigner--for which1 on ,wellington's complaint1 the ,cortes cashiered and imprisoned him4 ,the ,english general1 leaving his army in ,portuguese cantonments1 went down to the junta at ,cadiz1 and there made such representations of the evils of a divided command1 and told them so plainly his determination not to act without receiving the plenary powers he needed1 that he was made generalissimo of the united armies of ,england and the ,peninsula4 ,in #ahac the terrible effects of the ,russian campaign began to be felt in ,spain4 ,french armies were withdrawn to fill the place of 8those veteran hearts that were wasted0 beside the ,berezina4 ,wellington1 the supreme chief1 again advanced1 and for the last time1 from his base of operations in ,portugal4 ,but for this sea-washed position1 he would have been driven out of the ,peninsula long before4 ,the giant ,antreus1 when overthrown1 instantly recovered when he touched mother earth4 ,wellington1 in his defeats1 recovered whenever he touched the sea4 ,he now turned his back upon it1 and marched for the ,pyrenees4 ,from the frontiers of ,portugal he followed the ,french1 who retreated on ,burgos4 ,in ,june he beat ,king ,joseph at ,vittoria1 and following the ,french to ,pamplona1 forced them to enter ,france by the ,bidassoa and other points4 ,but ,france was not to be invaded without a bloody struggle4 ,soult1 who had received reinforcements from those terrific conscriptions with which ,napoleon was decimating ,france1 once more turned upon ,wellington4 ,he attacked and beat the ,english generals in several desperate engagements in the defile of ,puerto ,maya1 and the pass of ,roncesvalles4 ,where ,charlemagne with all his peerage fell1 ,by ,fontarrabia4 ,the ,french fought desperately--as they were doing at the same moment1 to protect the ,german frontiers of ,france against the ,russians and ,austrians4 ,at the close of #ahac1 ,san ,sebastian was besieged and taken2 and the ,english soldiery rioted over the fallen city1 with the most horrible brutality and license4 ,napoleon now seeing his affairs desperate1 took ,ferdinand of ,spain out of prison1 and made a treaty of peace and friendship with him4 ,but the ,cortes refused to sanction it4 ,in the beginning of #ahad ,lord ,wellington entered ,france1 and dispatched ,general ,beresford to ,bourdeaux1 which city he entered in triumph1 accompanied by the ,duc d',angouleme4 ,on the #adth of ,april was fought the battle of ,thoulouse1 in which ,soult endeavored to oppose the progress of ,wellington4 ,in the meantime1 ,napoleon1 who had fought like a wild animal at bay1 against the advance of the allies1 was forced to abdicate at ,fontainbleau1 and go away to ,elba4 ,returning thence to ,paris1 in the beginning of #ahae1 by one of the most daring and brilliant marches ever made by any soldier1 he reached the ,thuilleries1 while the ,french princes hurried in consternation along the road to ,ghent4 ,at the end of three months the ,french emperor proceeded into ,belgium to annihilate the nearest of his enemies--the ,anglo-,belgian and ,prussian armies1 before the others should come up4 ,it has been said ,wellington was taken by surprise4 ,this might have been so--as regarded the exact hour of ,napoleon's coming2 but he was not disconcerted4 ,he and many of his officers were at the ,duchess of ,richmond's ball1 in ,brussels1 when they heard of the sudden advance of the ,french4 ,and then was mounting in hot haste2 the steed1 ,the mustering squadron1 and the clattering car1 ,went pouring forward with impetuous speed1 ,and swiftly forming in the ranks of war2 ,as the deep thunder1 peal on peal afar1 ,and near1 the beat of the alarming drum ,roused up the soldier ere the morning star2 ,while thronged the citizens1 with terror dumb1 ,or whispering with white lips1 the foe1 they come1 they come6 ,meantime1 the emperor1 moving rapidly on ,brussels1 drove in the ,english at the battle of ,quatre ,bras1 on the #ajth1 and the ,prussians1 at ,ligny1 on the #agth of ,june4 ,but1 on the #ahth1 he was checked by the memorable hollow squares of ,waterloo4 ,on that day was fought one of the most renowned battles of the world--the most decisive of modern times4 ,in antiquity1 the battles most resembling it seem to have been ,plata1 where ,mardonius and the ,persians were overthrown1 and the fight of ,cann1 in ,italy1 where the ,napoleon of the ,punic ,war prostrated the military strength1 but not the republican courage of ,rome4 ,for nearly the entire day the ,british squares withstood the vehement cavalry charges of the ,french1 and so rough-handled and weakened them1 that when1 toward evening1 the ,prussians came up in great force1 the emperor's army was wearied1 and ready for a repulse4 ,he ordered one more charge in column--that of his ,young ,guard--7the ,old ,guard was asleep in ,russia7--headed by ,ney4 ,but it was broken by the firmness of the ,english guards4 ,wellington himself was with these last1 and doubtless his presence gave them increased spirit and steadiness4 ,the column--the last forlorn hope of empire--was struck and scattered by the musketry in front1 and the flank charges of cavalry2 and then the career of ,napoleon was at an end4 ,and1 for one great tyrant beaten down1 a dozen others1 great and small1 reigned in his stead--their unholy alliance sitting like an incubus on the rights and hopes of exhausted ,europe4 ,after the return of the ,bourbons1 the ,duke of ,wellington remained for three years in ,france1 at the head of the ,army of ,occupation4 ,his residence in ,paris was the ,elysee ,bourbon--that lately occupied by ,louis ,napoleon4 ,he has been blamed for not saving the life of ,marshal ,ney1 who had in #ahad sworn fidelity to the ,bourbons1 and1 in #ahae1 gone back to the emperor4 ,byron1 who was always fierce on the duke1 says1 addressing him1 ,glory like yours1 should any dare gainsay1 ,humanity would rise and thunder1 ,nay6 ,wellington1 when speaking to his intimate friends concerning the execution of ,marshal ,ney--which he undoubtedly could have prevented--merely said1 8,it was no concern of his40 ,it never was part of ,wellington's character to give way to any sentimental feeling4 ,in #ahah his army left ,paris2 which occasion ,beranger has signalised in one of the finest of his lyrics3 ,la ,sainte ,alliance des ,peuples3 ,o peoples6 forgetting all by-gone defiance1 ,join hands1 for yourselves1 in a ,holy ,alliance6 ,the renown of ,wellington was now only inferior to that of the late emperor3 ,he was a prince1 a noble1 or a knight1 in almost all the ,european codes of honor2 ,his honorable titles ,would crack an elephant's back1 as ,shirley says4 ,thenceforward he sat in the ,english ,house of ,peers--a moderate politician1 and a wealthy man4 ,he had got a dukedom1 and nearly a million and a half pounds sterling from parliament1 and his pensions and other emoluments from successive offices he held were not less than #ae1jjj a year4 ,in #ahai1 being ,first ,lord of the ,treasury1 in ,peel's ministry1 he advised that the ,catholics should be emancipated--as they were insisting on it so furiously4 ,for this a good many ,tory missiles were sent rattling about his laureled head4 ,but he did not mind them2 he had heard the rattling of more deadly things4 ,during the agitation for reform1 to which he had opposed himself1 the ,london mob1 in #ahca1 pelted ,apsley ,house1 situated at the corner of ,hyde ,park1 and broke several of his windows4 ,instead of mending them he got iron shutters to them1 and they have remained closed ever since--a tacit reproach to the commonality of the capital4 ,but that gust soon blew over1 and1 latterly1 ,englishmen of all classes were proud of the old duke--such a distinguished champion and evidence of their military glory4 ,wherever he went1 he was stared at or cheered4 ,riding along the streets of the ,west ,end1 followed by a single groom1 his stooping figure and white head were well known4 ,hats would fly off as he passed1 and he always raised his finger to the rim of his own in return4 ,he was one of the most regular attendants on his duties in ,parliament1 and mingled in all the amusements and ceremonies of the aristocracy1 as if he was no more than one of themselves4 ,his growing years seemed to trouble his mind very little4 ,like ,frederick the ,great1 he appeared to put aside all thoughts of senility and death1 by the closeness of his attention to his daily duties and occupations of all sorts4 ,he did not ponder on that 8fell sergeant20 or1 if he did1 he probably thought of him as an old acquaintance he had seen somewhere in either of the two peninsulas--the ,indian or the ,iberian2 a sergeant1 in fact1 who did duty under himself1 along with the rest of the sergeants6 ,latterly1 his son1 ,lord ,charles1 and his daughter-in-law1 kept house for him in ,piccadilly2 and thus left the insouciant old militaire at liberty to attend all the galas of the court1 and all the balls and reunions of ,belgravia4 ,on great court occasions1 the stooping old ,warrior would be seen--something like ,achilles in the disguise--dressed in the showy ceremonial costume of his rank or office1 in the midst of all the pageantries of royalty4 ,at festive parties he would generally remain among the latest guests1 enjoy himself with as much apparent cheerfulness as any body present1 and go home to bed1 like an old rake1 in the small hours of the morning4 ,he liked the gayeties of fashionable life4 ,he would stand godfather for noble infants at the font1 and give away noble brides at the altar4 ,he would also go to christenings1 and eat caudle with infinite good nature2 gratified1 doubtless1 by the homage that awaited him everywhere4 ,on the #ahth of ,june1 he gave yearly1 at ,apsley ,house1 a grand entertainment to all those officers who had been at ,waterloo4 ,people said he should have discontinued it--seeing it tended to keep up ill-feeling between ,england and ,france4 ,but the feelings of the ,french were not worth respecting4 ,they have as much levity and slavishness as their ancestry in the time of ,louis ,quatorze2 a sad thing to say4 ,the duke would interest himself in every thing considered important to society2 and from his high character and his supposed influence with the ruling powers1 at all times1 he had crowds of volunteer correspondents in his time1 asking all sorts of questions1 and begging all sorts of interferences and favors4 ,the first general sensation created by the ,irish starvations at ,skibbereen1 in #ahdg1 was produced by a letter addressed to the duke1 and printed in the ,london ,times4 ,he almost invariably sent an autograph answer to his correspondents1 beginning3 8,f4 ,m4 the ,duke of ,wellington presents1 etc40 ,his replies were succinct and ad rem2 some very trenchant1 and some1 which we have seen1 very courteous4 ,wellington was a man of cold thought and calculation4 ,there was very little generous impulse or fine feeling in his character4 ,any thing like sentimental talk of glory he would smile at as stuff and nonsense4 ,he knew that all the ,british glories of the ,peninsula were won by the greatest scamps and blackguards in the three kingdoms1 who composed the strength of the regiments4 ,he was simple and matter-of-fact2 his thoughts were subdued and hardened by the drilling of a lifetime4 ,his style of writing was as disciplined and calm as his mind4 ,he could never have written any of those bulletins with which ,napoleon used to fire the blood of his soldiers1 and in which he could show himself as impassioned as ,mirabeau1 as condensed as ,tacitus4 ,it is said ,wellington cried out3 8,up1 guards1 and at them60 when ,ney had climbed the ridge at ,waterloo4 ,but on being asked about it1 by a painter to whom he sat for his portrait1 the duke smiled1 and said he did not remember saying any such thing4 ,he did not understand any melo-dramatic un-,british balderdash6 ,he loved the simple vernacular1 and even slang of old ,england4 ,at ,salamanca1 he turned to ,general ,leith1 and pointing to a height1 said1 8,push on1 and drive them to the devil60 ,o ,sallust1 ,tacitus1 ,polybius1 how should you have got over the battle-speeches of such a man6 ,after the battle of ,salamanca1 he said3 8,marmont has forced me to lick him40 ,at ,waterloo1 with his watch in his hand1 and his keen1 cold glance bent through the rolling smoke1 in the direction of ,warre1 he said3 8,this is hard pounding1 gentlemen2 we must only see who will pound the longest60 using1 in that sublime and trying moment1 the language of a ,london prize ring6 ,thus1 cool and courageous as a steel blade1 he never exhibited any of that glowing1 impressible temperament1 so characteristic of his native isle4 ,he had1 in fact1 very little sympathy with ,ireland in any thing1 and seemed to forget he was ever born there4 ,he never came forward in ,parliament1 or out of it1 with any motion respecting its distress1 or the relief of it1 and1 indeed1 showed himself undeserving of any attachment on the part of ,irishmen4 ,ireland had no sympathy with him1 nor prided herself in him2 which1 seeing how forgivingly grateful she always was for the slightest show of kindness1 speaks very unfavorably for the heart of the ,duke of ,wellington4 ,wellington was a great general--not a great man4 ,his was far inferior to the comprehensive1 imperial genius of ,napoleon1 who1 though a thorough-paced homicide1 yet possessed the broad vision and faculty which distinguish the mightier rulers of men4 ,in the latter years of his life1 the emperor exchanged his soldierly statesmanship for fatalism--goaded to this by the fierce opposition of legitimacy--and that renounced and falsified the glorious prestige of his early career4 ,but1 take him all in all1--looking at the astonishing picture of his life1 in all its breadth and all its magnificent effects of light and shadow--we feel that the ,corsican was of a higher order of spirit than the renowned and admirable soldier whose obituary we write4 ,the duke's decease was caused by apoplectic fits2 and took place at ,walmer ,castle1 where he was attending his duty as ,warden of the ,cinque ,ports4 ,on ,sunday1 #abth ,september1 he felt very well1 and dined heartily on venison4 ,on ,tuesday morning he seemed to feel the effects of indigestion1 and had an apothecary sent for4 ,he spoke to the latter on his arrival2 but afterward lost the power of speech1 and died imperceptibly at three o'clock4 ,wellington was of low stature1 like ,napoleon2 as for his aspect1 there is as little need to describe it as that of the emperor4 ,he was simple in his habits1 and economic in his household1 and usually slept on a little hard camp bed4 ,a friend of his once complained that he had not room to turn in his bed4 8,sir10 said the duke1 8when a man begins to think of turning in his bed1 it is high time for him to turn out of it40 ,he survived his duchess about twenty years4 ,he has been succeeded by ,arthur1 ,marquis of ,douro1 born in #ahjg1 and married in #ahci to the lady ,elisabeth ,hay1 daughter of the ,marquis of ,tweedale4 ,he has no children4 ,we believe ,lord ,charles ,wellesley has a son4 ,but the ,english apprehend a failure of the heirs male1 and wish to have the dukedom entailed on the issue of the females of the family4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sonnet4--,,homer4 ,,by ,,wm4 ,,alexander4 ,great ,melesigenes6 erst1 poor and blind1 ,a wanderer didst thou sing thy ,epic verse1 ,which peasants1 princes equally rehearse1 ,and act thy characters of lofty mind-- ,war's trump ,calliope aloud doth blow1 ,when telling of fair ,ilium's famous towers1 ,which ,greece beleaguered with her mighty powers1 ,led by ,pelides1 ,hector's sternest foe-- ,fair ,helen's beauty thou dost there portray1 ,whom gallant1 bold old generals admire2 ,speaking1 too1 of his rovings wild and ire1 ,whose bended bow doth the wild suitors slay-- ,the story of thy heroes2 scenes of old1 ,demands1 by right1 a shining case of gold4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,grace ,,bartlett4 ,,an ,,american ,,tradition4 ,,by ,,mary ,j4 ,,windle4 ,,chapter ,i4 ,light of the new-born verdure6 ,glory of the jocund ,may6 ,what gladness is out in leafy lanes6 ,what joy in the fields to-day6 ,w4 ,c4 ,bennet4 ,sunshine and storm--the alternate checker-work ,of human fortune6 ,shelley4 ,a lover of the picturesque1 whether poet1 painter1 or simply an enjoyer of ,nature's works1 may be justified1 perhaps1 in extending his quest after the sublime and beautiful beyond the rich and varied landscapes of ,new ,england4 ,yet it is in this unpretending region that we are about to lay the opening incidents of our tale1 rather than amid the cloud-capt rocks of ,niagara1 or upon the indented shores of our romantic lakes4 ,in the early days of our pilgrim forefathers1 ere luxury and fashion had tarnished with their deceptive but defacing touch the primitive customs of the land--and1 at the crisis referred to1 neat but unpretending villages were beginning to dot at intervals the surface of the adopted country4 ,it is to the heart of one of these models of rural beauty that we now invite the attention of the reader4 ,the immediate location of the village was in a sort of valley1 close within the verge of an immense forest1 and surrounded by an intervening underwood1 which ,nature had fashioned as a sort of defensive barrier4 ,the cottages were without the underwood1 and thickly distributed on that side of the forest which skirted the open country1 forming1 as it were1 a slight chain of protection against the inroads of the ,indians4 ,so much in the light of a defensive fortress had these indeed come to be regarded by the dusky tribes1 that latterly their invasions in the place had been few and far between4 ,even these occasional attacks had at length seemed completely repressed through the energetic measures of one of the colonists1 who had acted on each occasion of surprise with a firmness and self-possession that at once overpowered and dispelled the savages4 ,this man1 ,deacon ,winthrop1 had1 however1 by the strenuous efforts referred to1 incurred the revengeful feelings of the adjacent tribes1 and an impending evil at this moment hung over him1 unsuspected by himself or any of the villagers4 ,the beautiful ,english custom of celebrating the first of ,may1 by a festival of roses1 had been preserved in the colonies4 ,to the morning of as lovely a day as ever ushered in that month of flowers1 we now revert4 ,it was a day of days--not a cloud to alarm even the most fearful1 and holyday dresses were donned without the slightest dread lest they should be spoiled4 ,the weather was neither too hot nor too cold2 the old failed to anticipate coughs1 and the young anticipated pleasures innumerable4 ,a poetic fancy might have deemed that the trees1 the flowers1 the grass1 were endowed with a brighter beauty in honor of the day4 ,this festival1 though nominally and by custom given to children1 was witnessed and enjoyed1 we may say fairly participated in1 by those of older growth4 ,at almost every cottage door might be seen some grandmother singing to the crowing infant in her lap1 and old men leaning on their sticks peering out to catch a share of the general joy4 ,opposite the pastor's dwelling was reared the ,may-pole1 gay with flowers and streaming with ribbons1 while around it was collecting the limited juvenile population of the little place4 ,the lively ceremonies of the occasion formed no pompous pageant nor idle mockery--the smiles of the children alone shed a glow over the spot1 and their merry peals of laughter rendered their sports hilarious and exhilarating to the more sober and advanced inhabitants1 who acted only as spectators of this portion of the festivities4 ,several hours passed thus in sportive amusements and in the crowning of the ,may ,queen1 ,grace ,bartlett1 the pastor's only child1 who was elected by the unanimous voice of her companions to the honors of the occasion4 ,a banquet followed1 spread upon the grass1 and composed of contributions from every cottage matron4 ,when this was ended1 the long train of youthful forms1 each garlanded with a trimming of flowers1 swept up a vast avenue of beech to the village church4 ,there the oration of the day was pronounced by one of their number robed in white4 ,it was a simple and heart-touching sentence that last came from those childish lips--a word of faith to be preserved when all the bright twisted garlands of the day should be withered2 when that last tribute1 a chaplet bound by cypress leaves1 should be laid upon each bier4 ,hark6 now from the young circle before the low pulpit arise the simple tones of a psalm1 swelling on the air in rich gradations1 interrupted only by the throbbing of those tender hearts1 in the fullness of their innocent joy4 ,their rosy cheeks and glistening eyes at that moment1 what need have these of record8 ,are they not written still in the memories of the surviving throng8 ,the gushing melody from those infantile voices at length ceased1 and the assemblage dispersed from the building4 ,again out in the open air1 again on the broad common1 again scattered hitherward and thitherward1 the children sought their homes1 many of them possibly regretting that the festival of roses had not to begin again1 but all solaced by the thought that it had become for once more an event in their personal history4 ,and so to all intents the events of the day seemed ended4 ,several of the children had lingered in the meeting-house1 after the general crowd had left it4 ,by degrees1 however1 these few loiterers all departed1 either singly or by pairs1 excepting young ,frank ,winthrop and ,grace ,bartlett1 who lingered to collect and garner up a few of those perishable wreaths that garlanded and adorned the modest sanctuary4 ,the platform in front of the pulpit1 erected for the accommodation of the children1 was completely hidden in leaves and flowers4 ,laurel branches as graceful as stooping seraphims swept over the surface of the clerk's desk2 the supporters of the pulpit lifted to its floor long1 slender lines of jessamine2 while from the rafters of the roof hung rich festoons of daffodil--making altogether a completely new interior2 the high-backed chair of the clerk beneath was so richly adorned with roses that one kneeling before it might1 without any great effort of imagination1 have been mistaken for a votary of ,flora4 ,for some time our young pair amused themselves tripping from spot to spot1 their sweet1 childish voices waking the echoes of the humble building4 ,at length1 tired of the day's exertion1 little ,grace ,bartlett threw herself into the huge arm-chair behind the desk4 ,she was a lovely child1 with large1 soft eyes1 and fair hair1 which fell in light waves1 rather than curls1 nearly to her waist4 ,although the special pet of the whole settlement1 she was not spoiled1 owing to the remarkable sweetness of her disposition1 which caused her to receive indulgence as the flower drinks dew1 only to become more light and fragrant from the rich overflow of nutriment4 ,oh6 if you could have seen her sitting in that old chair1 raised some three feet above the floor1 her petite figure vainly endeavoring to accommodate itself to the stiff1 high back1 one bare arm dimpling its dark covering1 as if like some pleasant old gentleman1 it could not help laughing at so dainty a thing1 and the tips of her tiny fingers finding themselves an agreeable resting-place upon the soft coloring of her cheek4 ,her male companion1 ,frank ,winthrop1 was a laughing boy1 who was two years her senior4 ,he was a plump urchin1 welcome to the hearts and arms of all4 ,his life was one long holyday of fun and frolick4 ,he was ever fain to chat with the old1 laugh with the young1 nor was there even a dog in the village that did not wag its ears knowingly as the pretty fellow drew near4 ,from under a rude1 arched porch outside1 the clear laugh and ringing shout of a troop of happy children1 who still loitered near1 might be heard4 ,one was romping in baby-frock and pinafore among the trees1 now thrusting his arm in the leaves to grasp the bared shoulder of a little sister1 then1 creeping away under the green shadows1 as a hare will hide itself1 and raising his ringing voice to challenge pursuit1 clapping his hands and laughing--scampering off finally on his chubby little feet1 to plunge headlong in the fragrant grass1 with a happy joyousness truly refreshing4 ,at the farthest extremity of this rustic shed1 three or four were playing1 with noise enough for ,christmas holydays2 two boys at football1 while the rest were testifying their feelings by sporting around them with the extremest merriment4 ,one of the girls1 at a little distance1 was going through the ,a1 ,b1 ,c-dom of a mimic school1 now kissing one1 patting another1 coaxing a third1 crying 8,oh1 for shame60 to a fourth1 and then dismissing with gravity the geography and history classes4 ,although some of the young rebels were larger than she was1 and though they did mischievously contrive to loosen the comb with which she had tucked up her tresses1 until the whole glittering mass came sweeping round her dimpled shoulders2 and though some of the lesser girls would pelt her with clover tops1 yet for all that she was as demure as a kitten--not a muscle moved4 ,ah1 childhood6 beautiful spring-time of the heart1 when deception and suspicion are alike unknown1 while yet the flowers of trustfulness bloom side by side with budding hope and fancy--ere the germs of envy and selfishness have come to shadow this bright little ,eden of life's imaginings--how lovely thou art in thy freshness and purity6 ,little dreamed the guileless young gambolers at this moment that a savage eye was peering upon them from behind the eves of the meeting-house4 ,an enemy was lurking near1 unknown to those innocent hearts1 who1 ere the village clock should have pointed to the hour of nightly repose succeeding that day of glee1 was destined to shed a gloom over the late happy region4 ,the pretty ,may ,queen1 ,grace ,bartlett1 tired at length of her seat in the tall chair under the pulpit and jumping down with a bound and a run1 was soon out upon the green amidst the merry group we have described4 ,frank ,winthrop1 the other little loiterer1 had fallen asleep in one of the high pews1 with a large ,psalm-book for his pillow1 and consequently he took no heed of her departure4 ,there he lay in the calm1 beautiful sleep of his young time of life1 a model fit for the painter's or the sculptor's hand4 ,how beautiful that boyish dreamer looked6--the round1 fair outline1 the fresh bloom of the features--his dark hair falling aside from his forehead1 leaving its surface visible1 and bland and fair4 ,meantime1 the shades of evening drew on1 and the pennon of the hour began to bestar the heavens4 ,a signal from the parents now brought the truant children to their homes--all but this reposing boy4 ,it was the moment looked for by the lurking foe4 ,stealthily emerging from his retreat1 he gazed around a moment to convince himself that his way was clear1 and then advanced softly to the door of the meeting-house4 ,from his late place of secretion he had caught a glimpse1 through the window1 of the sleeper1 thus opportunely for his purpose1 left alone in the building1 and he deemed that his moment of revenge had come4 ,an instant he stood at the threshold--then advanced with measured tread along the aisles4 ,so light were his footsteps1 that the very scattered garlands and stray flowers of the late pageant rebounded unharmed beneath his moccason tread4 ,the space which divided him from the slumberer was soon past1 and he stood before the child's smiling and outstretched form4 ,for a moment a compunctious feeling stole over the warrior4 ,he held his breath as he gazed1 and his heart swelled with love and pity4 ,it was an evanescent feeling1 however1 for in another instant he had raised the boy in his arms1 and bearing him gently away1 he retraced his steps to the green sward4 ,another moment1 and his retreating feet pressed an opening in the underwood bordering the forest1 and in a moment more he was lost in the densely-wooded scenery4 ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,alas6 my noble boy1 that thou shouldst die6 ,thou wert made so beautifully fair6 ,that death should settle in that glorious eye1 ,and leave his stillness in that clustering hair4 ,willis4 ,cursed be my tribe ,if ,i forgive him4 ,shylock4 ,we must now use an author's privilege and transport the reader to a lofty room in a spacious mansion attached to a fortress4 ,it was far more commodious and gorgeously furnished than might have been looked for in such an isolated spot1 though it was now silent and imperfectly lighted by a single wax-taper4 ,the air was fraught with the fine exotics adorning the flower-stands1 and the light1 dim as it was1 fell upon a hundred objects of splendid luxury4 ,the solitary occupant of this apartment had the air of one accustomed to action1 and yet not a stranger to habits of thought4 ,he was of no more than middle height1 but in his air and gesture there was a tone of decision and command which no advantage of stature could bestow4 ,the features were graceful1 the color1 that which exposure to the air increases in a skin originally soft and fresh4 ,there was altogether a military appearance in the full and fiery eye which plainly showed the character of his adventurous life4 ,general ,lincoln had been sent by the government of ,england to occupy a fortress on the borders of ,canada4 ,whatever might be the stern peculiarities of his disposition1 he was a man well calculated for the important trust reposed in him--for1 combining experience with judgment in all matters relating to diplomacy1 and being fully conversant with the character and habits of both ,indians and settlers1 he possessed singular aptitude to seize whatever advantages might present themselves4 ,his policy was to conciliate the adjacent tribes of savages1 and through them to destroy the few colonial settlements yet formed4 ,his first object was now in the full tide of successful accomplishment1 and when it should be fully ripe1 the last would naturally follow4 ,it was midnight1 and ,general ,lincoln was pacing the floor of his luxurious apartment1 seemingly insensible of the downy softness of the rich carpets under his feet1 or the glitter of the splendid lustres over his head4 ,at length1 as he turned at the extreme end of the room1 his eyes fell on the frame of a large painting1 and for some minutes they were riveted to the picture it contained as by a master-spell4 ,it was a portrait--a full-length portrait representing a female at the climax of youthful loveliness1 with a charming infant boy resting upon her knees4 ,well did the gazer remember how fondly he had assisted in keeping the child quiet during the tedious task of sitting1 by holding before his little laughing eyes the very toy now figuring in the hands of the mother in the picture before him4 ,the power of association brought back with life-like force to the father's mind the soft1 warm grasp of those dimpled1 baby hands4 ,alas6 they were now cold in death4 ,the past arose before him--his early ambition--his happy marriage--his rapid and flattering success--his hope for higher honors--his wish for a son to transmit the pride of his name--his gratified desire4 ,before its fulfillment1 the strongest principle of his mind was the longing for a son4 ,afterward1 he had coveted worldly honors--he had garnered wealth that he might transmit to him the one and the other4 ,often1 after the duties of the day1 had he repaired to that child's chamber and watched his slumber4 ,how often for hours had he nursed it in his arms with all a woman's tenderness and gushing joy4 ,all his softer feelings--all his holier and better ones--such as even in the proudest bosom find root1 turned toward this child4 ,from the soft and sinuous outline of the half-naked babe in the picture1 his eye wandered to the face of the angel-like mother4 ,those clustering curls1 those sparkling eyes1 those blooming cheeks--for a moment they appeared before him1 joyous1 brilliant1 beautiful and beloved4 ,he pressed his hand hard with the clinch of suppressed emotion over his eyes1 as the heavy tears fell upon the rich carpet1 evidencing that under the crust of worldly intrigues was a heart that beat strongly4 ,the grave had claimed both the dear ones whose likeness he looked upon--and now only a daughter was left to him4 ,this daughter he loved1 it is true1 but she could not inherit his name1 and every new acquisition of fortune or fame rendered him only the more anxious to perpetuate those empty distinctions to his race4 8,my son1 my son60 murmured the worldly man1 8would to ,god that ,i could have died for thee40 ,at that instant the great hall bell sounded1 and an attendant shortly afterward entered the apartment1 saying1 8,the ,indian chief ,tuscalameetah is below1 and would speak with ,gen4 ,lincoln on business of private import40 8,let him come up10 was the reply4 ,in a few moments1 a man entered in the wild accoutrements of a native of the woods4 ,his closely-shaven head was without ornament of any kind1 with the exception of a solitary plume that crossed his crown and hung over his shoulders4 ,a tomahawk and scalping-knife were in his belt4 ,he wore a hunting suit of forest green1 with moccasons gayly ornamented1 and his buckskin leggings laced at the side were gartered above the knee4 ,his eye was quick and restless1 roaming on every side of him1 as from the habit of mistrusting the sudden approach of an enemy4 ,notwithstanding these symptoms of suspicion at the moment of his entrance1 his countenance was not only without guile1 but wore an expression of honesty4 ,he passed from the door1 and approached ,gen4 ,lincoln with the dignified tread of his race4 8,what bringeth thee here80 asked the proud man of the savage4 8,hast thou accomplished the errand ,i entrusted thee with80 8,tuscalameetah hath done thy bidding1 and with the same arrow he has made sure his own revenge10 answered the other4 8,i trust thou hast not committed butchery in this work10 said his employer4 8,the moment of extermination has not yet come1 and ,i pray ,god it never may be our last resource4 ,i but desired you to find me an orphan boy among the settlements whom ,i could make the heir of my name and wealth40 8,the red man acteth as he will1 and cometh back as he sees fit10 replied the chief1 haughtily4 8,but the son of the clearings shall bless thy hearth2 yet the tomahawk and scalping-knife have not left their resting-place40 8,it is well10 responded ,lincoln1 8that thou hast shed no blood4 ,and the child1 is he fair8 and wherefore doth he linger80 8,he shall be in thy wigwam ere the sun setteth again10 said ,tuscalameetah4 8,the lily of the valley cannot compare with him in whiteness40 8,see that thou bringest him hither by the time thou hast specified10 rejoined the general1 as opening an escritoir which stood on one side of the room1 he handed the ,indian a purse of gold4 ,in a few moments he was again alone4 ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,the child8-- ,ay1 that strikes home--my child--my child4 ,love and ,hatred4 ,by ----4 ----,lose ,i not ,with him what fortune could in life allot8 ,lose ,i not hope1 life's cordial4 ,crabbe4 ,the morning following the mysterious disappearance of little ,frank ,winthrop1 unusual symptoms of gloom might have been discerned in the village4 ,the may-pole still stood trimmed with ribbons1 but no children gamboled around it4 ,there was a party of lads and a group of girls standing talking to each other--not merrily1 but earnestly1 on what appeared to be a subject of grave import4 ,there were neither shouts nor laughs to be heard4 ,and at almost every cottage door mothers might be seen with their infants in their arms1 or old men and women shaking their heads sadly1 and whispering to one another4 ,one called to mind how he had seen the child at the festival on the day previous1 and what a pensive1 half-ominous air his childish features wore4 ,another told that he had wondered much that one so young as he1 should be bold enough to remain alone in the meeting-house with his baby companion4 ,and the children went thither in little knots1 and with half-fearful steps entered the pew where ,ruth had left the lost boy sleeping4 ,as to the bereft mother1 for many hours they had little expectation of her surviving1 but grief is strong and she recovered4 ,some faint hope of his ultimate discovery seemed to animate her heart in this season of agony4 ,the father took an active and energetic part in the search that was made by the villagers4 ,it was a trait in his character to conceal deep grief1 which with him1 in this case1 seemed to lead to action1 not despair or despondency4 ,for weeks an investigation and search1 led by himself1 was followed up2 but it proved without success4 ,those who have known the blank that follows the death of an idolized child--the uneasy void1 the sense of desolation that will come when something beloved is missed at every turn--they can faintly guess how those unhappy parents pined as their faint and shadowy hope deferred from day to day till their hearts grew sick4 ,with the mother1 a removal from the scene of her late bereavement was tried1 in order to discover whether change of place would rouse or cheer her4 ,but alas6 she was henceforth the same--a broken-hearted woman4 ,the sympathy felt for her in the village was profound4 ,as she appeared among them those who met her drew back to make way for her1 and give her a softened greeting4 ,some shook her kindly by the hand1 some stood uncovered as she glided by1 and many cried1 8,god help you60 as she passed along4 ,months passed on1 and still no tidings of ,frank ,winthrop cheered the ears of the villagers4 ,years1 too1 in their course1 gradually rolled on1 and many changes were witnessed in the settlement--the old died and were buried--new children were added to the colonists--the young began to approach the season of maturity--yet still the vanished one was seen not1 and tidings of him were heard in that place no more4 ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,i struck in a pathway half-worn o'er the sod ,by the feet that went up to the worship of ,god4 99 99 99 99 99 ,such language as his ,i may never recall1 ,but his theme was salvation1 salvation to all-- ,and the souls of his hearers in ecstacy hung ,on the manna-like sweetness that fell from his tongue ,not alone on the ear his wild eloquence stole2 ,enforced by each gesture1 it sunk to the soul1 ,till it seemed that an angel had brightened the sod1 ,and brought to each bosom a message from ,god4 ,mrs4 ,amelia ,welby4 ,seem'st thou dimly to remember ,some sweet spot ne'er seen before1 ,to have visited or known it1 ,or in dreams or times of yore8 ,doth a word send waking fancies1 ,ringing thought's familiar brain1 ,faint and distant1 yet familiar1 ,where and when we seek in vain4 ,mrs4 ,acton ,tindal4 ,we must allow an interval of sixteen years to pass away ere we again appear before our readers4 ,to the quiet meeting-house mentioned in our opening chapter1 we now revert4 ,the chaplets and flowers we described previously1 had long since withered away and returned to their parent dust1 and with them1 except in faint tradition and in the hearts of the bereaved parents1 the name of the lost boy4 ,the humble building was now half-covered with ivy1 and the small1 secluded grave-yard was studded with simple stones and heaped with grassy mounds2 showing that ,time had not been idle in his allotted work4 ,on one side lay the garden of the little house belonging to the pastor--a quiet dwelling shaded with sycamores1 which threw large branches over the wall1 and heavily shaded that side of the grave-yard4 ,the low bell had done ringing some time1 and the congregation had all assembled4 ,the small house overflowed with numbers1 and what cannot be said of many such assemblies1 contained but one class of human beings--all meeting on equal terms--none striving after the highest seat--difference of station having never been so much as named among them4 ,these consisted chiefly of old men dressed in the respectable garb of the colonists1 and women of different ages4 ,opposite the reading-desk was ,pastor ,bartlett's pew4 ,the only occupants were his wife and daughter4 ,the latter would have attracted attention in any assembly1 for her beauty was of an uncommon cast4 ,her face was of that kind which is our ideal of a cherub's--rounded1 pure1 innocent and happy4 ,the long1 golden hair absolutely sparkled in the light1 while her skin realized the old poet's exquisite description3 8,fair as the snow whose fleeces clothe ,our ,alpine hills2--sweet the rose's spirit ,or violet's cheek1 on which the morning leaves ,a tear at parting40 ,altogether nothing could be more peaceful and soothing than the effect produced by the congregation assembled in that little1 unadorned place of worship1 set off alone by the deep and expressive tones which proceeded from the reading-desk4 ,the venerable ,pastor ,bartlett was a thin1 pale1 reverend looking person1 with his locks thickly sprinkled with gray4 ,he was reading a psalm from ,david1 in the most beautiful and deeply earnest manner4 ,his voice and pronunciation were those of a man of education1 and his countenance refined and intellectual4 ,but that which struck the beholder particularly about him1 was the deep and unaffected seriousness with which he performed the holy office he was engaged in4 ,whether it was the peaceful quiet and seclusion of the scene--whether it was their frame of mind1 or whether it was the teaching voice of the reader we know not1 but all paid the most devout attention4 ,on the conclusion of the psalm1 the preacher went up into his little1 worm-eaten pulpit1 and began4 ,his text was1 8,why will ye labor for that which is not bread80 ,there was something so seriously in earnest in his manner that the words seemed to go to the hearts of his hearers4 ,he spoke of the emptiness1 the insufficiency of pleasures which terminated here to satisfy a spirit created for an hereafter4 ,he represented the powerlessness of those aids to support and tranquilize the heart in its sufferings and its dangers4 ,he drew a living picture of the human heart--its secret restlessness and disquiet1 its sense of the hollowness of all things4 ,he then told them of that which was the true bread--of fountains whence flowed living waters--their immortal relations--their high destiny--their sonship and communion with the infinite ,god4 ,the clergyman was in the midst of his solemn discourse1 when the attention of his hearers was attracted by loud and unusual sounds in the churchyard4 ,there were the galloping of a horse1 the clang of spurs1 and the crack of a whip4 ,the suspense was brief1 for in a few moments a stranger entered the sanctuary4 ,the intruder was a young man of some twenty years of age4 ,he had that air which1 if not embodied in the words high bred1 is beyond the reach of words2 and his whole countenance was one to rivet attention in a crowd--the whole marking him no common person4 ,he paused at the entrance1 for the crowded state of the little building rendered it somewhat difficult for him to perceive a vacant seat4 ,another moment1 and the stalwort form of ,deacon ,winthrop was seen to arise and beckon the embarrassed stranger to a place by his side4 ,the slight interruption to which the intrusion of the young man had given rise subsided1 and in another moment he was listening with the most respectful attention to the resumed discourse4 ,at its close1 supposing the services ended1 he arose to withdraw4 ,he had turned slowly to the door1 when a doxology arose1 led by a voice in the pastor's pew in front of him1 that arrested his steps4 ,he listened1 charmed and spell-bound--words came o'er his ear1 words long unfamiliar to him1 and but imperfectly remembered--words connected with his early and childish years--words that seemed as the ghosts of the past4 ,he lingered after these had ended to catch a glimpse of the singer4 ,grace ,bartlett was1 indeed1 a beautiful vision1 as she thus stood among the now erect congregation1 with her delicate bloom and rounded form1 a picture of youth and hope4 ,her thoughts seemed turned from earth to heaven1 and her eyes took the same direction4 ,there was a something so pure1 so spiritual about her at that moment1 that an enthusiast might have thought her an inhabitant of upper air4 ,the stranger stood rooted to the spot as she turned4 ,it was a face whose expression had long unconsciously haunted his young dreams4 ,it was one that he had seen before1 though where1 he could not recall4 ,her eyes encountered his1 and she blushed to her temples1 an enchanting picture of bashful confusion4 ,turning away embarrassed1 the young man said to ,deacon ,winthrop1 8,i am to blame for having trespassed upon the hospitalities of your place of worship40 8,nay1 not so1 young man10 replied the excellent deacon1 8the word of ,god is free to all4 ,but if you will allow me to offer you those of my house1 we will be glad if thou wilt accompany us home1 and dine with myself and my wife40 ,the youth accepted the offer--and they left the place together4 ,much conjecture was afloat that day at the various dinner-tables of the village1 respecting the young stranger who was sharing ,deacon ,winthrop's hospitality4 ,the sudden appearance of any stranger in this primitive spot was sure to produce a sensation2 and in this case1 where the intruder was young and handsome1 that sensation was proportionably increased4 ,deacon ,winthrop was beset by questions1 to which he replied with a benign affability1 8,we must show this young man every attention4 ,his religion is not ours1 it is true1 but he has a right to his own opinion40 ,many more of the villagers1 through this advice1 had soon an opportunity of judging of the stranger for themselves1 for he remained for some time among them2 and the curiosity respecting him at first evinced1 if it continued any longer1 ceased to be expressed in the admiration his courteous manners and agreeable conversation excited in the minds of all4 ,,chapter ,v4 ,viola4 ,and dost thou love me8 ,lysander4 4 4 4 ,love thee1 ,viola8 ,do ,i not fly thee when my being drinks ,light from thine eyes8--that flight is all my answer6 ,the ,bride1 ,act #b4 ,it was one of the loveliest evenings in the loveliest month of a ,new ,england autumn4 ,one of those delicious pet days1 as they are fondly called1 which1 perhaps1 from the uncertainty of their continuance1 sometimes elevate the spirits more than the 8long1 sunny lapse of a summer day's light40 ,birds had been clamorous in melody1 rare flowers had confidingly expanded their delicate petals to the genial glow that was abroad1 and there seemed to be more light in the world than we are accustomed to enjoy4 ,yet that day had passed away--the warmer beams were gone1 but their delightful influence still was felt in the soft1 balmy temperature that remained4 ,the birds had all vanished2 yet even of them one would have said some soft charm still lingered in the dreamy hum which1 though gradually becoming fainter1 was still afloat2 and if some delicate flowers had closed their bosoms from the breath of evening1 others there were which gave out their fragrance4 ,on this delightful and balmy evening we introduce our readers to the cottage of ,pastor ,bartlett1 adjoining the village church4 ,it was remote from the main village1 and shut out from its bustle and occupation--in this suiting the character and taste of its occupants4 ,from its porch1 where they were sitting1 the pious man and his wife feasted their eyes with the refreshing green of the woods1 whose boughs bent gracefully down to kiss the beautiful verdure that grew beneath1 while the whole was softly bathed in a rich1 warm flood of purple light4 ,the sunset hung lingering over the village1 as if to contrast its own chamelion-like and gorgeous beauty with the fixed and placid scenery below4 ,many of the settlers might have been seen seated at the vine-clad doors of their simple dwellings1 watching its fading splendor as it sunk behind the tall trees which almost hid from view the pastor's cottage at the considerable distance we have described4 ,the excellent clergyman and his partner were sitting on a bench on the left of the porch1 screened from observation by the cool boughs of a sycamore1 the shadows of which half covered the little lawn that separated the precincts of the cottage from those of silent death4 ,above the white-washed pailings rose the village church4 ,the old man and his wife were1 as we have said before1 calmly enjoying the beauty of the evening1 the freshness of the air1 and not least1 perhaps1 their own peaceful thoughts--the spontaneous children of a contemplative spirit1 and a quiet conscience4 ,theirs was the age in which we most sensitively enjoy the mere sense of existence1 when the face of nature1 and a passive conviction of the benevolence of our ,great ,father1 suffice to create a serene and ineffable happiness which rarely visits us till we have done with the passions2 till memories1 if more alive than heretofore1 are yet mellowed in the hues of time1 and ,faith softens into harmony all their asperity and harshness2 till nothing within us remains to cast a shadow over the things without2 and on the verge of life1 the angels are nearer to us than of yore4 ,there is an old age which has more youth of heart than youth itself6 ,at length the pair simultaneously arose1 and withdrew into the cottage1 for sunset was their appointed season for evening devotion4 ,the old man seated himself in his large arm-chair1 but his wife lingered standing near the open lattice1 until the gloom of twilight was gathering over the sky1 and continued to gaze down the path leading to the village with intentness and eagerness4 ,at last1 as though weary of her employment1 she turned away with a smothered sigh1 saying1 8,husband1 what can detain ,grace80 8,i know not10 was the disturbed reply of the venerable man at this suggestion4 8,there is no fear that bodily harm can have come to her1 for it is now a long time since we have had any incursions from the ,indians4 ,but ,i am inclined to fear for her soul's happiness4 ,has it not occurred to you1 wife10 he continued1 8that ,grace's relaxed interest in the duties of religion1 together with her repeated absences from home1 originate in some cause not purely accidental4 ,for myself1 my suspicions have been attracted toward the stranger who in the last few weeks has appeared among us4 ,she has already informed us of their having had more than one interview at the dwellings of some of my people in the village4 ,we must see to it that they meet no more4 ,he must have no further opportunity of awakening an interest in the unsuspecting bosom of our daughter40 ,there was a tone of deep despondency in the voice which spoke these words--for recently the change in their child had become marked4 ,unusual absences from her home--a sadness foreign to her natural cheerfulness of manner--a sudden and frequent outbreaking of tenderness toward her mother and himself--tears often springing overflowingly to her eyes--all these circumstances could do no more than excite uneasiness and anxiety in the minds of her parents4 ,a low murmuring sound was presently heard at the little wicket-gate outside1 and immediately after the door was softly unlatched1 and ,grace ,bartlett glided into the room4 ,the anxious glances of the pastor and his wife at once discovered by the light of the fire1 which blazed brightly upon the hearth-stone1 that the young girl's eyes were dimmed with a slight expression of sorrow1 and that her lovely cheek was a shade paler than its wont4 ,she moved gently forward1 knelt down at her father's side1 and kissed his brow4 8,grace10 said the old man1 sadly1 as he laid his hand among her beautiful tresses1 8we have awaited your return1 my child2 it is past our customary hour for prayer4 ,do you tire of the happiness of home1 that you seek for enjoyment elsewhere80 he added1 as he gazed down on the face of the lovely being so emphatically the light of his home4 ,the girl's countenance betrayed a confused consciousness as her beautiful 8forget-me-not0 eyes encountered those of her parent2 but she made no reply1 and a moment after arose from her knees4 ,untying her bonnet and hanging it against the wall1 while her golden hair1 disobedient to previous arrangement in modest bands by its owner1 fell luxuriantly around her neck1 she took a seat to signify that she was now prepared to join her parents in the devotions of the evening4 ,at that moment the little low-roofed apartment1 so unostentatious in its old-fashioned furniture1 so exact in its modest neatness--its bare walls unornamented with ought save a piece of faded tapestry1 or an occasional nail whereon was hung sundry bunches of dried herbs and bags of rose-leaves--this1 with the girl in her youthful simplicity and grace1 kneeling by the side of her venerable parents1 the eyes of all closed1 and their hands clasped in devotion1 while the old man's lips were parted in the act of prayer1 formed altogether as complete a picture as possible of colonial economy and piety4 ,the aspect of the room was homely but pleasant1 with its low casement1 beneath which stood the dark shining table that supported the large ,bible in its green-baize cover1 the ,concordance1 and the last ,sunday's sermon in its ebon case4 ,by the fire-place stood the elbow-chair1 before which the minister was kneeling1 with its needle-work cushion at the back4 ,fifty or sixty volumes ranged in neat shelves on one end of the wall1 and a half-a-dozen chairs1 and a table1 completed the furniture of the apartment4 ,but it was the occupants who made the effect of the scene1 in their pious act of evening devotion4 ,when the prayer was ended1 ,grace hastily withdrew1 as if to avoid all further questions4 ,but her anxious mother was not long in following her4 ,she entered the little chamber of the young girl softly4 ,her daughter heard her1 and started from the chair she had taken4 ,the gentle matron drew her affectionately to her side as she seated herself on the low bedstead1 saying1 8,grace1 thou wast not educated to have any secrets from thy fond parents4 ,tell me1 then1 my child1 who accompanied thee to the gate this evening80 ,the girl hesitated for some moments1 during which a momentary blush suffused her face and neck4 ,then1 hiding her face in her mother's bosom1 she timidly replied1 8,it was the young stranger2 he met me on the path leading from the village1 and attended me home40 ,the mother's face evinced a troubled expression4 8,oh1 ,grace1 my daughter10 she said1 8thou shouldst not have permitted him to do so4 ,thy father hath ever said since that young man's arrival in the village1 that it did not become any of our sect to hold ungodly converse with the sons of ,baal40 8,but1 mother10 urged the fair transgressor1 8the stranger belongs not to that impious race4 ,every ,sabbath1 since his sojourn in the settlement1 his attendance at the place of weekly worship has been regular and respectful40 8,my child60 ejaculated her mother1 in a voice tremulous with sorrow1 8thou hast yet to learn to beware of the wolf in sheep's clothing4 ,satan sometimes transformeth himself into an angel of light to steal away the affections of the innocent4 ,but10 added the pious matron1 8,i will chide thee no more for the present4 ,thy father and ,i will henceforth be more watchful of thee4 ,commend thyself to ,god1 and seek thy pillow for the night40 ,so saying1 she kissed her daughter and withdrew4 ,on the present evening1 ,grace had agreed to meet her lover1 after the family worship in her father's cottage1 for the young man was about to depart from the village on the following day4 ,the moment she was alone in the room1 the struggle in her mind1 increased by the words of her mother1 depicted itself on her sweet face in an expression of doubtful agony1 such as never had sat upon her countenance before--for its ordinary expression was that of the most seraphic serenity4 ,she took up her little ,bible to find some word of excuse for her contemplated act of disobedience1 but it was only to turn over the leaves with a throbbing heart and wandering brain1 that would not permit her attention to be arrested by the words before her4 ,laying the holy book down again1 she sunk upon her knees to pray4 ,the ordinary words of her devotions were not urged1 but she asked ,god to forgive her for the sin she was about to commit1 and rose confirmed and strengthened in her purpose4 ,sitting down by her lattice1 she listened for every sound within the cottage to die away4 ,at length1 when all was still and dark1 she lifted the latch of her door and stole to the threshold of her father's room4 ,finding all quiet1 she retraced her steps1 and raised the sash of her low window with the caution of one who fears danger in the beating of her own heart4 ,jumping through this1 she alighted on the garden plot below4 ,she proceeded to steal along under the shadow until she reached a rustic arbor1 which she hurried into1 and was welcomed in the arms of her lover4 8,so you have come at last60 he said1 joyfully4 ,but as he spoke1 he saw her eyes were filled with tears4 ,she buried her face in his bosom1 and her sobs became audible4 ,raising her head gently and kissing her through her tears1 he smoothed the golden hair back from her forehead4 8,what aileth thee1 my beloved80 he asked1 after he had soothed the first outburst of her emotion4 8,charles10 she sighed1 as she looked up at him eagerly and endearingly1 8,i fear ,i do wrong to meet you here against my parents' wishes40 8,your conscience is too tender1 sweet innocence10 was his reply4 8,god is more lenient in his judgment than thou deemest him4 ,he hath implanted in thy bosom the very love for me and inclination to meet me here which thou art now afraid he will condemn2 and thine own immaculate virtue and purity are thy sure safeguards from greater harm than he who now speaks could ever bring upon thee4 ,dearest1 ,i would not hurt a hair of your beloved head1 still less bring upon thee the judgments of ,heaven4 ,dost thou not believe it1 ,grace80 8,nay1 but your religion80 she urged timidly-- 8,is easily changed10 replied the lover4 8,why1 ,grace1 ,i will turn ,puritan in garb1 habits1 worship1 every thing1 to win thee4 ,at present ,i am on an embassy of diplomacy2 but1 in a few weeks1 when ,i return1 ,i shall have nothing to do but to court you in the guise that shall most please your scrupulous parents4 ,you know how from the first moment ,i saw you0--and he lowered his voice to the soft1 musical key of impassioned devotion--8you became dearer to me than aught in this world besides4 ,i love you1 ,grace1 better than all words can tell1 and shall live until we meet but in the hope of coming to reclaim you1 with arguments fitted to disarm all the objections of your father and mother4 ,you will not forget me1 will you80 he asked4 ,she laid her hand trustingly in his1 and in a look of unalterable love gave him her reply4 ,the stolen interview did not last much longer1 and in another half hour ,grace ,bartlett slept sweetly on her pillow1 and the stranger was at his quarters in the village4 ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,they linger yet4 ,avengers of their native land4 ,gray4 ,a month passed away1 the stranger had departed1 and whatever had been the original object of his visit1 it never was made known to the villagers4 ,grace had as yet received no letter or token from her lover4 ,the suspense had paled her cheek1 and dimmed the soft light of her eyes4 ,it gave also a sad plaintiveness to her voice1 and a languor and debility to her movements1 which awoke the anxiety of her parents to a painful degree4 ,they also1 in common with the rest of the villagers1 were1 however1 suffering during this time apprehensions from another cause4 ,at this period in the progress of the ,american colonies1 ,britain had one or two powerful emissaries on the borders1 whom she had sent to crush the settlements4 ,to disguise their purpose1 or perhaps to embrace another equally important1 these emissaries were officers of the army1 sent with a military force to establish forts on the borders1 for defense against the encroachments of the ,indian tribes4 ,as the reader has received some intimation in the course of our tale1 it became the policy of these men to direct their chief efforts against the settlers1 and for this end1 when it was practicable1 they won by bribery the co-exertion of the savages4 ,very recently1 the little settlement in which a portion of our tale is laid1 had received intimations of an intended attack from the ,indians4 ,considerable alarm had been felt1 and the fire-arms long in disuse1 were burnished and prepared for operation in every family4 ,things were in this state when1 one calm and cloudless night1 when the moon shone with her brightest effulgence1 quenching the stars in their radiance1 and bringing out into clear and softened perspective the scenery below4 ,within the peaceful village of our story reigned the most profound repose4 ,its inhabitants1 unconscious of impending danger1 had long since offered up the nightly incense of their pious hearts1 and resigned themselves to sleep--sleep in the old1 deep1 undisturbed and dreamless2 in the young1 light1 peaceful and visionary--in all1 the unfeverish1 refreshing rest which was the natural reward of their simple habits1 and the rectitude of their lives4 ,the silence was suddenly broken by sounds that curdled the blood of those who heard them1 and made them spring to their feet as if a lightning flash had stricken them4 ,before any one could find words1 the appalling war-cry of the savages burst from every quarter1 startling the very air through which it passed1 and falling like a blight upon the spirit4 ,the devoted villagers beheld throughout the settlement lines of streaming torches moved by dusky forms4 ,these torch-lights carried high above their heads showed not only the grim faces of those who bore them1 but also those of others who were partly concealed by the foliage of the forest in which they stood4 ,with that forethought and cunning so remarkable in their race1 they had conveyed firebrands and straw to the doors of each dwelling in the early part of the evening4 ,the yell already noticed was the signal for firing their previous preparations1 and1 ere many moments had elapsed1 a number of the cottages were in flames4 ,glancing instinctively toward their pastor's home1 the terrified settlers found that it shared in the general fate4 ,to hold a short conclave1 and then dispatch a few of the more fearless and active of their number to the assistance of its helpless inmates was the work of a moment4 ,hurrying along the little path1 the heroic men reached the spot as the high and agonizing scream of a woman arose far above the discordant yell even of the savages4 ,it came from ,grace ,bartlett4 ,scarcely conscious of what she did1 the unhappy girl1 leaving her chamber1 gained the top of the stair-case1 and loudly as she could1 called upon the name of her parents4 ,her piteous accents were responded to only by a shout from the crowd4 ,bounding footsteps mingled with shouts reached her1 approaching momently nearer1 and ascending the stair-case4 ,with all the instinct of self-preservation1 the affrighted ,grace rushed back again into her own apartment4 ,there1 sinking on her knees1 she reposed her forehead against the side of the windowsill1 and nearly suffocated with smoke1 and in a state of indescribable agony1 awaited the consummation of her fate4 ,the ascending feet had now reached the passage without1 and in another instant a man rushed fearlessly into the room4 ,the blood of the young girl curdled in her veins4 ,she mechanically caught the ledge of the casement on which her aching head rested1 and closing her eyes awaited in trembling the blow which should put an end at once to her misery and her life4 ,but in another moment she felt herself firmly secured in the grasp of an encircling arm1 and speedily carried through the chamber4 ,instinctively1 a sense of something more dreadful even than death now flashed across her mind1 as the unhappy girl opened her eyes wildly upon her captor4 ,a heart-rending shriek escaped her as she did so4 ,she was in the arms of a gigantic savage4 ,his long1 raven hair was matted with blood1 and hung loosely and disfiguringly over his eyes1 while his face and brow were marked with crimson spots--doubtless spatterings from the wounds of others--and a slight stream that trickled from his cheek gave evidence that he himself had been hurt in the affray4 8,oh1 my ,god1 save me60 exclaimed the shuddering girl1 raising her eyes imploringly to heaven4 ,from that moment she was insensible to all that was passing4 ,,chapter ,,vii4 ,and was this1 then1 the end of those sweet dreams ,of home1 and happiness1 and quiet years8 ,miss ,landon4 ,darkness was about to throw her veil over the earth1 when a lofty tent might have been seen pitched on the extreme summit of a ridge beyond which lay the horizon in golden beauty4 ,buffalo skins formed a floor to the inclosure1 and upon these reposed the forms of three human beings4 ,one was an ,indian1 evidently of the rank of a chief4 ,he lay on one of the skins at his lazy length1 his feet reaching beyond the opening of the tent1 and his head reposing on a rude pillow1 formed of the furry hides of other wild animals4 ,he smoked a pipe1 while his roving eye often rested upon the farthest of his companions4 ,at a little distance from the savage we have described sat a female1 whose hair1 complexion1 and whole looks bespoke her ,indian birth4 ,her dress1 likewise1 was that of her tribe1 and was of the quality and texture to mark her as the probable wife of the chief whose company she bore4 ,a wooden bowl was at her side1 and from this she was now in the act of feeding herself with a spoon of the same material1 but with a slovenly negligence indicative of her origin4 ,the farthest extremity of the tent revealed another woman1 whose appearance denoted her to be of ,european extraction4 ,she was blue-eyed1 and of surpassing fairness of skin4 ,her attitude indicated a mind too powerfully absorbed in grief to be heedful of appearances1 for she sat with her limbs contracted1 and rocking her body to and fro with a motion that seemed to have its origin in no efforts of her own4 ,her long1 golden hair hung negligently over a neck of dazzling whiteness2 and a blanket drawn over the top of her head like a veil1 and extending partly around her person1 disclosed here and there portions of an apparel which was strictly ,american1 though much torn4 ,a bowl similar to that of the ,indian female1 and filled with the same food1 was at her side1 but this was untasted4 8,why does the pale-face refuse to eat80 asked the warrior of her next to him1 as he rolled a volume of smoke from his lips4 8,make her eat1 for ,i would speak to her afterward40 8,why does she refuse to eat80 echoed the woman1 dropping her spoon as she spoke1 and turning to the object of remark1 8,it is good10 she continued1 as she touched the arm of the heedless sufferer4 8,daughter of the pale-faces1 eat40 ,a cry of distress burst from the lips of the unhappy girl1 as apparently roused from her abstraction1 she suffered the blanket to fall from her head1 and stared wildly at her questioner4 8,is the air of the tent not pleasant to the blossom of the clearings80 asked the warrior1 evidently touched by her seeming misery4 ,seeing that she made no answer1 he continued1 8,what is written is written4 ,the ,red-man cannot lie4 ,we must bear thee to the great white father at a distance4 ,but perchance the door may one day be left open1 and the bird can escape from its nest40 8,ah6 whither can ,i fly80 exclaimed ,grace ,bartlett1 at length bursting into tears4 8,my native village is destroyed1 my home is burned1 and my parents and neighbors have fallen victims to the general ruin40 ,she wept for some moments bitter tears1 which seemed to relieve her overcharged heart--the chief and his squaw looking on her with more of pity than is usual in their race4 ,the next morning their march commenced again through the interminable forest4 ,the ,indian traveled on foot1 while the two females were mounted on mules4 ,the wretchedness of the unfortunate prisoner seemed to increase throughout the whole route1 her companions wearing the stolid indifference of the ,north ,american tribes1 except when momently touched by her situation3 ,for the most part1 during the slow ride1 ,grace ,bartlett was left to her own miserable reflections1 receiving only at rare intervals some rude attentions from the female1 who accompanied her4 ,the slow pace of the travelers1 with various other causes of delay which it is needless to mention1 detained them three nights upon their road4 ,as soon as darkness approached the tent was again spread1 and a halt was made until the morning4 ,on the fourth evening1 instead of encamping as before1 they continued their journey until a late hour1 when the eyes of the captive maiden1 wearied with a succession of wild wood scenery1 gazed with something like pleasure upon the scene that now opened before her4 ,the object that thus met the gaze of ,grace ,bartlett as they emerged from the forest1 was one of those stern fortresses of which so many1 in our early history1 seemed to accuse ,england of designs against the ,indians4 ,it had external pretensions to the name by which we call it1 for it looked strong enough to bid defiance to any attempts against it by siege or storm4 ,a deep moat surrounded the lofty stone turrets on all sides1 and a drawbridge was the only means of crossing to the entrance of the fort4 ,to ,grace1 the sight of the fortification1 though she gazed on it at first with pleasure1 immediately after brought feelings of pain and apprehension2 and however confident she might be in the good providence and protection of ,god1 it cannot be denied that she felt deeply and with an anxious and sickening heart her entrance in a place which might prove to her a final prison4 ,after assisting his companions to dismount1 the ,indian blew a loud1 shrill whistle4 ,he was answered by a sentinel1 who carried on a brief conversation with him1 and withdrew to an inner lodge for the key of the great gate4 ,he soon returned1 it creaked upon its hinges1 and the heavy drawbridge swung slowly up with a jarring sound of chains and huge iron-work--sadly harmonious with the uses of the building which they shut out4 ,the bell1 communicating with the mansion connected with the fortress1 rung1 and the chief1 with his prisoner1 passed slowly in to an inner court1 leaving the squaw standing without4 ,the glare of light1 the sound of music1 mingled with the tones of the human voice in merry laughter and light conversation reached her ear1 and startled the wretched girl with wonder4 ,the ,indian1 with the utmost tranquillity and with slow and important steps1 led the way toward this portion of the large and heavy mass of gloomy masonry1 which1 with its tall chimneys1 loomed up before them4 ,an immense doorway opened upon a broad staircase that seemed formed to make the head dizzy with its many windings4 ,up this the savage proceeded with his prisoner1 whom he held by the arm1 half-supporting her weight as she moved passively and like a piece of mechanism in his fingers4 ,on the first landing they passed a drawing-room1 splendidly illuminated and filled with revelers1 from whence the noise that had reached the court-yard proceeded4 ,continuing up the various turnings until they had accomplished another flight1 the savage paused1 and opened a door communicating with a single chamber handsomely furnished4 ,its solitary occupant was a man past the prime of life4 ,he seemed immersed in business1 examining documents and reading letters which were strewn on a table before him4 ,he arose as our party entered1 held out his hand to the ,indian1 and asked1 8,any prisoners80 8,we have taken a daughter of the pale-faces1 a blossom of the clearings10 was the reply of the savage as he pointed to his captive4 8,but the air of the woods is not pleasant to her3 she pines after the wigwam of her fathers40 ,grace ,bartlett had no sooner entered the apartment than her whole frame trembled violently1 and the color leaving her cheeks1 she sank down on the floor1 resting her elbows on her knees and pressing her hands to her forehead4 ,the appearance and attitude1 indicative at once of extreme fatigue and the abandonment of despair1 did not fail to move the compassionate feelings of ,general ,lincoln1 who raised her gently and seated her in a large arm-chair4 8,alas60 said he to the warrior1 when he had performed this act1 8why did you bring so frail a creature8 ,it were a pity to have made her a sacrifice to my courtly intrigues and ambitious plans3 she is only fit to be the darling of her parents40 8,my parents60 exclaimed the unhappy girl at this mention of them1 8would to ,god that ,i knew their fate60 8,you shall be treated kindly10 said the general to her with much considerateness of manner1 and in a gentle tone4 8,every thing shall be done to make your residence here pleasant4 ,you are fatigued10 he continued1 8sweet maiden10 as he turned to a bell that was suspended near4 ,a servant in livery appeared1 and after a few brief words from his master again vanished4 ,he returned presently1 followed by a neat maid-servant4 8,go now10 said ,lincoln to ,grace1 in tones of encouragement1 as he gently assisted her from the chair whereon he had placed her1 8to the chamber provided for you4 ,susette will perform the offices of your toilet for you1 and furnish you with nourishment suited to your weak condition40 ,when left alone with the ,indian he paced the room with a disturbed air and gigantic strides4 ,suddenly he paused short1 and glanced his eye toward his dusky companion4 ,he beheld the savage regarding him with the calm but sullen attention which marks the expression of this subtle people4 ,instantly recollecting himself1 he asked in a friendly tone-- 8,tuscalameetah1 is the settlement wholly exterminated80 8,it is10 replied the chief4 8,the pale-faced daughter of her people is left to mourn over the ashes of her wigwam4 ,in the morning the sun rose upon the white men as they trod the grass happy and strong1 and when the night came1 only their bones were left among the ashes4 ,tuscalameetah has done thy bidding40 8,and the youth1 called ,charles ,lincoln1 what of him80 inquired the other4 8,it is some months since he went to scour the settlements as a spy4 ,have any of the tribes met with him80 8,before the moon go her course10 answered ,tuscalameetah1 8the stolen bird will tread the halls of the great white man who is to him as a father4 ,he is now left with no kindred and no people4 ,the man that drove back the tribe of ,tuscalameetah's brethren10 continued the ,indian1 and his eyes flashed with successful revenge1 8is brought to have his tent destroyed1 and his own dust scattered by the whirlwinds40 ,again ,general ,lincoln paced the room1 and there was a silence4 8,you can depart10 he said at length to the savage4 8,it is hard10 muttered he1 as he was left alone1 8to be stretched on the rack of a responsibility such as this4 ,but things prosper1 and my royal master is gliding through life enjoying the fruits of my joyless days1 and sleepless nights1 and periled salvation1 while ,i am wearing myself down to the grave4 ,he has none of the remorse which haunts me1 making the dying looks of these massacred people pursue me to my fireside1 and molest the joys of my home40 8,and the poor boy's parents are dead10 he continued1 after a pause4 8,since blood had to be shed1 better theirs than that of others1 for there is now naught to come between him and his heirship to my titles and estates4 ,god be thanked for this1 for ,i love him as if he were the son whose place ,i have given him and whose name he bears40 ,,chapter ,,viii4 ,tear follows tear where long no tear hath been2 ,i see the present on a distant goal1 ,the past1 revived1 is present to my soul4 ,blackie's ,faust4 ,supported by the very power of sorrow1 ,and faith1 that comes a solemn comforter4 ,wilson4 ,our poor heroine made the necessary effort1 and languidly followed her conductor into a long passage which led to a lofty chamber1 carefully furnished with a luxurious bed and every appliance of elegance and comfort4 ,throwing herself on a sofa1 ,grace heeded nothing around her1 different as every minute article was in its adaptation to the refinements of life from the simple arrangements of her former home4 ,her attendant was assiduous in her cares4 ,she wiped her face and hands with a damp towel1 bathed her feet1 and held a bottle of perfume to her nostrils to revive her failing strength4 ,then1 bringing a salver containing wine and light nutriment1 she put the glass and spoon alternately to the lips of the sufferer1 who mechanically tasted again and again of their contents1 seemingly having at length lost all power of resistance4 ,then1 assisting her to the bed1 ,susette departed1 at a faint request from her lips to be left alone4 ,passive and immovable she lay for some moments after the departure of the hand-maiden4 ,with revived strength1 she at length arose and locked the door of her apartment4 ,there are cases in which the necessity for calm contemplation forces itself upon us1 and she now nerved herself to a view of her situation4 ,her prospects were gloomy and sad4 ,she was cut off from her family and friends at a moment when their lives were endangered1 and doubtless they lived no more4 ,the sentiment of love1 too1 had touched her bosom for the young stranger who had appeared for a time in their little village1 and who might return thither only to find it an ashy ruin1 and supposing her to have perished with the rest of the inhabitants1 forget her memory and devote himself to another4 ,oh6 had she had one only friend to whom she could have appealed for sympathy in this moment of agony6 ,alone--alone--the unutterable anguish of that word6 ,but at this moment the child-like faith and trust of her girlhood stole over her1 leading her to the one unfailing friend who could aid and guide her4 ,the power of prayer had heretofore since her affliction seemed denied to her1 but now an inward voice called her to her ,father's throne4 ,she knelt1 and pushing her hair from her throbbing temples1 as if its weight were insupportable1 she prayed for resignation to her situation4 ,the anguish she suffered was deep and terrible1 known only to the ,reader of all hearts3 but at length the heavy weight on her spirit gave way1 and though her tears fell fast and unrestrainedly1 her gentle heart was comforted4 ,there was a holy hush in that lone chamber1 as if the late anguish she had felt was soothed by the soft fluttering of an angel's wing1 as it wafted her petitions above on its heavenward flight4 ,that help which to all who seek it is given was granted1 and her yearning heart was lifted to ,heaven4 ,in after years1 she looked back upon the speedy answer which had been vouchsafed to her prayer in that hour1 almost with awe4 ,inexpressibly comforted1 she rose from her knees1 extinguished the light1 and lay down to seek repose4 ,weariness soon overcame her1 and she fell asleep to dream of one whose image was impressed on her young heart4 ,again in her visions she was pressed to his breast1 and words and protestations poured like a strain of rich and soothing music on her ear4 ,oh1 gladly would she have died in that blissful dream4 ,but through the window of her apartment the sun streamed1 announcing that the morning was far advanced1 and she opened her eyes to behold the appearance of a young female1 of high rank1 attired in a rich morning-dress4 ,she made an effort to rise1 but her strength had been overtasked by the intense emotions of her mind4 ,in the exertion1 she fell forward fainting and powerless at the intruder's feet4 ,when ,grace ,bartlett recovered1 she found herself on the bed partially undressed1 the young lady holding a bottle of smelling-salts1 which had evidently been used1 and the attendant1 ,susette1 bathing her temples and hands with cold water4 ,for nearly an hour she hovered between sense and consciousness4 ,her head felt as if bound to the pillow by weights of lead1 and she had an incessant burning and throbbing of all her pulses1 accompanied by sharp pain4 ,her eyes closed upon the light1 and she was in dreamland again4 ,still her consciousness was not lost1 but there were1 for a few passing moments1 sounds in her ear like those of which she had dreamed4 ,it seemed almost as if an angel's voice now roused her1 for the strange lady1 bending over her1 said in accents of almost unearthly tenderness1 8,you are ill1 sweet maiden1 speak to me40 ,she paused1 and her tones fell musically on the senses of the unhappy guest1 for those notes of sympathy had reached even to her apathetic ear4 ,grace attempted to reply1 but utter exhaustion followed1 and tears alone attested all she felt4 ,these proved no relief1 however1 and before night ,georgiana ,lincoln watched over her in the strong paroxysms of a brain fever4 ,,chapter ,,ix4 ,a cloud of darkest gloom has wrapt ,the remnant of my brief career4 ,margaret ,davidson4 ,it would be equally needless and painful to linger over the sufferings of the sick maiden4 ,the fever1 which the terrible and agitating scenes she had passed through had excited1 was so long in being subdued that those who watched her trembled lest the loss of either life or reason should ensue4 ,when this was overcome it seemed as if she must sink under the exhaustion which followed4 ,her constitution1 however1 though delicate was good1 and after weeks of unconscious agony1 she did indeed appear sensible of the fond cares of the young1 high-bred lady who was continually by her side4 ,georgiana ,lincoln was exactly opposite in appearance to the ,puritan girl4 ,a high polish and elegance of tone and manner marked her at once as the ,english lady of rank4 ,her style of beauty was one uncommon in ,america4 ,a bright1 sunny brunette1 the soft brown of her skin was warmed with a rich crimson--the dewy coral has its freshness but not its brightness4 ,her tall figure was almost concealed by a white robe which still revealed the most exquisite proportions of her figure4 ,grace ,bartlett gazed on her with admiration1 and endeavored to prove her gratitude by some expressions of thankfulness2 but the touching mournfulness of her sweet face too painfully revealed that the causes she had for sorrow were not forgotten with her returning consciousness4 ,a settled melancholy followed her recovery4 ,every thing was done to arouse her from this4 ,among other resources that were adopted1 she was taken to the boudoir of her hostess and companion1 where birds and flowers formed the ornaments4 ,but not the singing of the one1 nor the odor of the other brought delight to her heart4 ,what were music and perfume to her but agony8 ,to all ,georgiana ,lincoln's attempts at consolation she listened with a calm look of hopeless misery which plainly told how incapable she was of receiving condolence4 ,but despite all her causes for grief1 and the deep melancholy that consumed her1 ,grace could not but be touched with the kindness lavished on her by the wealthy lady4 ,insensibly the poor girl wound her feelings around her1 and bestowed on her all that she had of affection that was left from the grave of her parents1 and the memory of her lover4 ,one evening1 when the unhappy maiden was unusually depressed1 she was seated in the boudoir of her new acquaintance4 8,thou art sadder than thy wont1 sweet one10 said the latter1 kissing the brow of the young ,puritan4 8,but if naught in thy own situation can add to thy happiness1 gladly as any change should be made in it at thy slightest bidding1 ,i feel sure at least that one shadow will pass from thy sympathetic nature at hearing of thy friend's prospect of happiness4 ,rejoice with me1 ,grace1 my brother is expected home40 8,it doth1 indeed1 please me that thou art about to have any contribution to thy fullness of joy10 replied the poor girl1 with a faint smile1 and a pressure of her companion's hand4 8,we will have a series of festivities in honor of his arrival10 resumed the other2 8and if you will not participate1 dear ,grace1 in the dancing and merriment1 you can at any rate be present to observe the company1 and listen to the music4 ,no wonder that thou weariest without other society than that of thy tedious friend40 ,our heroine smiled again1 but more faintly than before1 as if the tidings of the expected ftes had little or no interest for her4 ,at that moment ,gen4 ,lincoln appeared on the balcony upon which the window opened1 exclaiming1 8,georgiana1 my love1 ,i have brought you a visitor--a truant2 yet one you will be glad to see4 ,come in1 my son--what do you remain there for80 he added1 turning to his companion4 ,but the latter hesitated4 ,his glance rested on the figure of ,grace1 so graceful and almost spiritual1 as it was brought forward in the shadowy moonlight4 8,my brother1 my own dear brother6 ,what joy60 cried ,georgiana1 springing out eagerly to meet him2 while ,grace1 startled and terrified at the idea of a stranger1 hastily withdrew4 ,general ,lincoln at the same instant received a summons from below4 8,dearest ,georgiana10 said the young man1 8,i am glad to see you again2 looking1 too1 as lovely as ever1 or else this evening hour deceives me4 ,i fear me1 though1 you will deem yourself but little fortunate in my return1 for ,i come back in no agreeable mood1 ,i assure you40 ,so saying he entered1 and threw himself listlessly on a lounge in the room4 8,but ,i do rejoice to see you1 dear ,charles10 replied his sister1 seating herself by his side1 and gently stroking back the dark hair from his brow4 8,you will remain with us for a time1 and we will be so happy40 8,happy60 he exclaimed1 with bitterness1 8,i see little prospect of my ever being happy in this life2 or at least whilst our father continues this unjust persecution of the unpretending and religious settlers on the borders40 ,he then proceeded to pour out to ,georgiana the miserable intrigues in which ,gen4 ,lincoln was engaged1 and the embassy on which he had himself been absent4 8,but1 my sister10 he continued1 8,i have resolved to take no further part in this accursed policy toward a defenseless and religious people4 ,i have long enough worked out the will of others--a mere machine in the hands of my ambitious parent1 who is striving by the course of heartless persecution ,i have described1 to please a jealous monarch and a scheming court4 ,the instigating of the ,indians to massacre the ,puritans1 and exterminate their settlements1 will cry aloud for vengeance40 8,yes10 continued ,charles1 in an excited tone1 8their death-shrieks are ever in my ears--in the dark night their massacre is ever before my eyes1 in the day1 heavy and dark upon my spirits--never away from me can it be in the future1 but will haunt me throughout my desolate life1 and seem to be calling on me to take vengeance against my father40 8,you talk wildly1 dearest brother10 said ,georgiana1 looking at him in some alarm4 8,how canst thou be desolate with thy sister to love thee4 ,and speak not of taking vengeance against our father1 for that is ,god's1 even toward the humblest adversary1 and not to be named by a son against his father40 8,nay10 he answered1 8hear me4 ,i have just come from one of their exterminated villages1 where1 in the character of a spy1 ,i resided among them some months ago1 unsuspected by their guileless simplicity1 and receiving their humble hospitalities4 ,on my return thither recently1 to visit one to whom ,i had become dearly attached1 ,i found the place in ruins1 and the hapless villagers destroyed by the firebrands of ,gen4 ,lincoln's emissaries40 ,he seemed overcome with his emotions1 and rested his head on his hand for some moments in deep reflection4 ,his sister appeared not less affected with sadness1 and held his hand silently4 ,by an effort1 at length1 arousing himself1 he asked suddenly1 8,who was that graceful figure that ,i saw sitting at your side1 when papa would have hurried me so unceremoniously through the window4 ,she could not have thrown herself into a more becoming attitude for effect as the moonlight streamed upon her40 8,effect6 poor maiden60 was the reply4 8,it was the last thing in her mind at that moment4 ,she is a prisoner1 brought hither by the ,indians1 for what purpose1 originally1 ,i know not4 ,but whatever were his first intentions with regard to her1 our father has abandoned them1 and permitted me to treat her with the consideration due to her loveliness and her unhappy situation40 ,the announcement of company in the drawing-room here interrupted the conversation between the brother and sister4 ,,chapter ,x4 ,lo6 they muster--lord and lady-- ,brow of pride and cheek of bloom1 ,pointed beard and tresses shady-- ,velvet robe and waving plume4 ,henry ,william ,herbert4 ,weeks passed on1 and a round of festive entertainments took place in the mansion of ,gen4 ,lincoln4 ,in all these ,charles ,lincoln mingled with a discontented and gloomy air of abstraction4 ,georgiana's natural gayety seemed somewhat dimmed by this change in her brother4 ,their society consisted of the officers of the fort1 but it was nevertheless of a kind to be grateful and pleasing to one of her temperament2 and her predilections had furthermore been awakened in favor of a gallant young general in the service--so that there was still a source of interest to her unconnected with the brother1 whose strange moodiness still gave her pain4 ,the fair colonist continued to decline mingling with the family1 though with a gentle steadfastness that her friend might not at any time have found it difficult to disarm2 but she did not insist1 lest she should give pain to the sensitive nature of the timid and heart-sick stranger4 ,it was on a pleasant evening in ,june that1 by the open window of ,georgiana ,lincoln's apartment1 ,grace ,bartlett was sitting languidly4 ,her thoughts were evidently of the past--for at intervals the faint color would fade from her cheeks1 and an expression of deep mental pain pass over her countenance--her soft eyes assuming a fixed look1 as if her remembrances were fraught with agony4 ,as she sat in the dim twilight in that state1 her thoughts broke forth into pensive song1 and she almost unconsciously chanted the words1 ,oh1 the home of my childhood6 my desolate heart6 ,its merciless loss bids the warm tears to start4 ,her voice gradually died away1 and by degrees she closed her eyes and slumbered4 ,and now naught was heard save the gentle breeze waving the branches outside the window near which she reclined4 ,but ere her tones ceased1 they had reached other ears4 ,charles ,lincoln had stretched his lazy length on one of the couches in the balcony below2 and those musical tones came to him laden with associations of other days--of a brief but transient period of bliss4 ,with a magic power they arrested his attention1 and he continued to ponder on them long after they had ceased1 until he was filled with an ardent curiosity to behold once more the young stranger of whom he had caught a glimpse on the evening of his return1 and whose position in his father's house had afterward been described to him by his sister4 ,whilst his curiosity was thus at work1 his sister approached him1 accompanied by the young officer above referred to1 with whom she had been enjoying an evening stroll4 8,georgiana10 said her brother1 starting up to meet her1 and drawing her aside1 8can you not prevail on your fair colonial guest to appear at the masquerade this evening8 ,i am dying to see her1 for the melody of her voice1 just now wafted to my ears on the air1 has reminded me of one who was dear to me1 and is lost forever4 ,i would fain hear its tones in conversation40 8,i have heretofore refrained from urging it on poor ,grace to appear in the drawing-room10 replied the young lady2 8she seemed so averse to the mention of such a thing4 ,but ,i have do doubt that ,i could bring her yielding nature to comply1 if ,i were to put the effort in the light of a favor toward me1 whom she loves as a sister4 ,it might do her good1 too1 poor thing1 if she could only be induced to make the exertion4 ,it shall be as you wish1 dear brother2 you may depend upon me40 ,a few hours afterward more than ordinary excitement was passing in the mansion4 ,a masquerade was given to the officers--and the scene was gay and picturesque4 ,the main wing was lighted up1 and gay with the festivities4 ,the sounds of merriment and laughter were heard4 ,grace ,bartlett had at length yielded to the request of her hostess that she would be present1 and had quietly submitted to be attired in a graceful robe of ,india ,muslin1 so transparent in its texture as to look like gauze4 ,her beautiful hair received a new grace from the single white camellia with its drooping bud1 which gleamed like a star amid those golden tresses1 so purely1 so freshly beautiful1 that it seemed a fit emblem of her it adorned4 ,georgiana ,lincoln appeared a fairy vision of beauty and brightness2 the diamonds sparkling among her shining braids1 and the graceful folds of her lace robe falling around her like drapery around a ,grecian statue4 ,the masqueraders were intent on their amusement as the two females entered4 ,then1 for a few moments1 all merriment ceased1 and murmurs of undisguised admiration went round4 ,the ,puritan was seated at once by her friend in a recess upon a couch raised a little above the floor1 and immediately after ,miss ,lincoln proceeded to mix among the company4 ,in a moment1 a gentleman of elegant figure and handsome face pressed forward1 and saluted her with marked empressement4 8,my dear ,miss ,lincoln1 to-night carries me back to ,london refinement and fashion--dress-- scenery--company--beauty--fascination4 ,this evening will be impressed on our ,english hearts indelibly1 to the utter forgetfulness of our rusticated state in these ,american forests40 8,do be grateful1 then10 the lady answered1 8to me for giving you some taste of ,london and its fashion4 ,papa is much too solemn for any thing but those great1 pompous dinners1 which ,i detest40 8,but tell me10 rejoined her companion1 8how did you induce that lovely flower0 7and he turned his masked visage toward ,grace ,bartlett7 8to shed its perfume on our scentless hearts80 8,by exhausting all that irresistible eloquence of which you speak so highly10 she replied2 8for ,i recognize my complimentary acquaintance1 ,lieut4 ,r----40 8,indeed6 ,well1 she is perfectly lovely1 and with a touch of sadness so interesting10 said the gentleman4 8,i'll exert myself to flirt with her40 8,i am not quite sure you will find that task so easy as you imagine10 was the laughing rejoinder4 8,very likely10 responded ,lieut4 ,r4 8,but in a good cause ,i am prepared to go great lengths1 and as she is very pretty ,i'll take my chance at any rate40 ,at that moment1 another individual approached1 and after the ordinary civilities of the evening1 said to her gently1 8,miss ,lincoln1 will you not walk on the gallery by moonlight80 ,the words1 as they were pronounced in a somewhat tremulous tone1 sounded musically in her ear1 and taking the arm of the speaker she proceeded with him to the place alluded to4 ,for one or two turns they promenaded in silence4 ,the gentleman seemed strangely agitated4 ,he tried to say something indifferent1 but it would not do1 and he plunged at once into the subject near his heart4 8,i thought10 he said1 hurriedly and timidly1 8that ,i could have waited calmly the answer which ,i requested in the early part of this evening2 but ,i overrated my own powers of endurance1 and ,i come now to hear my doom from your lips4 ,speak to me1 ,georgiana2 ,i have dared to hope that the regard ,i feel for you is not wholly unreturned1 and that you prefer me above some others around you4 ,is this so1 dear girl1 or must ,i teach my heart to forego all its hopes of happiness1 all those blissful feelings of which1 until ,i knew you1 ,i was ignorant4 ,oh6 do not condemn me to disappointment10 he exclaimed1 passionately4 8,give me at least hope4 ,georgiana1 dearest ,georgiana1 am ,i too presumptuous80 ,he spoke with strong emotion1 and his was a voice1 when in deep persuasion1 difficult to resist3 his arm was still encircling his companion1 and she had not removed it1 as she heard that the happiness or misery of a life depended on her decision4 8,speak1 dearest1 but one little word10 urged her lover1 in a whispered voice of intense suspense4 ,georgiana did not speak that word1 little as it was1 but she lifted up her truthful face1 and fixed her clear1 dark orbs for one brief moment fully upon his1 and the next instant that lovely head was bent down1 and the rich1 mantling blushes hidden on his bosom4 8,it is enough1 my own one10 murmured the enraptured suitor1 in all the ecstasy of that instant of first accepted love4 ,at length1 remembering that they had deserted the drawing-room very unceremoniously1 they returned to find the company in some surprise at their absence1 but their excuses soon proved satisfactory1 and they at once mingled separately amongst the various guests4 ,shortly after1 ,charles ,lincoln sauntered languidly into the apartment1 closely masked4 ,on first entering1 he had for a moment fixed an almost startled gaze of admiration upon the ,puritan4 ,to a close observer1 deep emotion would have been discernible beneath that mask4 ,but a powerful will struggled against the display of it1 as1 half concealed behind a pillar1 he retreated to look more intently1 and without being observed4 ,he wished to discover whether or no his sense of vision had deceived him4 ,but no--it must be she whom he beheld--the same grace in the drooping form1 but how fragile did it appear2 how painfully changed in the character of its loveliness were the faultless features of that face--when the hair1 combed carelessly back from her brow1 displayed their delicate outlines4 ,her countenance spoke with truth of the ravages sorrow had occasioned4 ,lincoln gazed until he had convinced himself1 rushed forward and reached the astonished girl3 then tearing off his mask1 he exclaimed1 8,grace6 dearest ,grace1 you live yet1 and ,i find you in my father's halls60 ,the astonished and bewildered girl gave one cry1 and fell fainting at his feet4 ,,chapter ,,xi4 ,weave we the woof4 ,the thread is spun4 ,the web is wove4 ,the work is done4 ,gray4 ,it was on a lovely summer's evening1 rather more than ten years after the events last recorded1 that two persons were sitting in the spacious drawing-room of a noble mansion in ,canada1 opening on a park4 ,they had1 it appeared by the lady's attire1 been walking1 but as their conversation deepened in interest1 the repose of home had again been unconsciously sought4 ,she had thrown aside her bonnet1 and as she sat1 her face upturned to her male companion1 her features disclosed a loveliness that would have irresistibly attracted attention4 ,the repose of her features was so soft and gentle that the eye would have fallen there with the same delight1 and turned away with the same regret which it experiences in regard to other things which are found to harmonize with its vision4 ,in her the period of girlhood had merged into the epoch of woman's maturity1 when1 nearer her prime than her bloom1 she unites all the truth and freshness of early youth with those calm and more finished graces which come not to pass away1 but to deepen and endure4 ,but one glance at the sweet ,madonna countenance1 the unequaled expression of the placid features1 the golden hair1 shaded now to something of a chestnut1 will suffice for her recognition by all those whose interest in ,grace ,bartlett has sketched her image in their minds4 ,to the ,grace ,bartlett of our opening chapter1 she bore indeed only the outward resemblance that the opening flower does to the early bud4 ,but even as the full blown rose reveals the luscious scent and glowing beauty which the blossom contained1 so did her character1 as it now shone forth beneath the bright and dazzling sun of affluence1 confirm and strengthen the promise of its dawn4 ,the gay1 playful child of our first chapter1 the timid1 shrinking ,puritan girl of our after history1 was now the modestly dignified1 though still retiring1 wife of the ,governor ,general of ,canada4 ,the pure and holy sentiments of religion which had formerly been spoken timidly1 as hardly daring to find expression lest the high-born should mock or pity1 were now avowed calmly1 unostentatiously as they had been acted upon in the deep trials of her girlhood4 ,her love for her husband was intense and absorbing1 but it came not between herself and heaven4 ,the fruits of her holy life were gentleness and self-denial1 meekness and charity--plainly showing at whose feet she laid the offering of her heart4 ,in the polished circle in which she now moved1 she had preserved within her that pure light which1 when the sun is growing dim and waxing faint1 alone can guide through the dark valley of the shadow of death4 ,the heart of that lovely flower of a ,puritan village--a heart that had throbbed and quivered at the faintest touch of kindness1 and which a silken thread could lead in all other matters1 had stood firm where her religion was concerned1 and this very firmness had won her husband to her faith4 ,the importance which ,frank ,winthrop had acquired as the son of ,gen4 ,lincoln1 added to his personal merit--under the name of his adopted father1 which he always retained1 ignorant of his real origin1 had attracted the attention of the government4 ,he was soon employed in various situations of responsibility and importance4 ,by the same progression in fortune which first elevated him1 another and a later change had brought him in ,canada to the rank of ,governor ,general4 ,the conversation between the two had been continued for some time1 when the voice of a young child was heard on the stair-case4 8,oh1 there is my little bird singing10 exclaimed ,grace ,lincoln4 ,she sprang to the door and returned1 bearing in her arms a lovely boy1 exquisitely fair1 with deep blue eyes1 and clustering curls of gold4 ,the bright complexion and golden hair were hers1 but his features were the miniature likeness of his handsome father at her side4 ,over them we now drop the curtain1 and in so doing1 let them take their farewell of the reader4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sonnet4 ,,by ,,caroline ,f4 ,,orne4 ,hid in the bosom of life-giving earth1 ,in darkness and in silence deep and still1 ,the buried seed to springing roots gives birth1 ,that fix them in the mold with firmest will2 ,strong hold have they below there in the soil ,before the leaves upshoot them to the light1 ,and beauty crowns the deep and hidden toil ,with blossomed boughs that charm the gazer's sight4 ,so thou1 oh soul1 obscure and hidden long1 ,uncared for and unknown must bide thy time1 ,and like the aspiring seed strike1 deep and strong1 ,roots that shall bear thee upward in thy prime1 ,so firm sustained1 thou shalt the worthier be ,for life's fair flower that all men honor thee4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ups ,,and ,,downs4 ,,chapter ,i4 8,i trust ,mrs4 ,davidson is at last satisfied40 8,in what80 8,why1 have you not heard the news of the engagement of ,maria with ,henry ,dawson80 8,no1 ,i have not before4 ,but when did it occur1 and are you positive it is so80 8,as to the when1 sometime within a day or two2 and as to the positive1 the lady herself is my authority40 8,she is certainly very fortunate with her daughters40 8,so she thinks1 at least this time4 ,but ,i am not clear that the three former connections with ,law1 ,physic and ,divinity were exactly to her mind40 8,certainly no three men occupy more respectable positions for their age in the community than her three sons-in-law1 and as she had no fortune to give with her daughters1 she should be thankful40 8,i imagine few will be inclined to differ from you2 but that very want of fortune causes her to be peculiarly alive to its advantages1 and hence her delight at her daughter's engagement to young ,dawson40 8,is he so very rich80 8,not having any marriageable daughters of my own to dispose of1 ,i never asked him for a schedule of his effects4 ,but ,i supposed you to have been well posted on that point40 8,me6 ,bless you1 my dear--,i never trouble myself about such matters4 ,why should you think so80 8,oh1 ,i know not4 ,a mere random remark of mine4 ,i thought ,i had some faint recollection of his flirtation with ,laura last winter1 and knowing your prudence1 supposed you had made the necessary inquiries40 8,you are much mistaken4 ,there never was any thing between them4 ,he is music-mad1 and used frequently to come to listen to ,laura's harp4 ,i suppose he thought it but right therefore to show her some attention in public1 and hence the world interpreted it into something else4 ,but1 ,i assure you1 there was never any thing in it40 8,i never supposed there was4 ,i always thought ,laura was merely amusing herself4 ,but how remarkably well she is looking to-night4 ,who is that distinguished looking man who is paying her such marked attention80 8,that is a ,mr4 ,ernest1 who has recently returned from abroad1 and has come home a perfect virtuoso1 and you know that ,laura's taste lies in the same way40 8,yes1 she certainly admires a mustache1 for ,i notice that of late she encourages no one without that fashionable appendage40 ,whilst ,miss ,laura ,bridgeman was listening complacently to the remarks of the mustached beau by her side1 and her mother and ,mrs4 ,grayson1 a fashionable widow of no particular age1 and childless1 were discussing things as above1 in another part of the room1 where lights and music added to the witchery which bright eyes and lovely forms make1 young ,dawson was hanging over his newly betrothed4 ,in the meantime her mother was receiving the congratulations of troops of friends1 for ,henry ,dawson was1 in the phrase matrimonial1 8the catch of the season40 ,he had long been an orphan--his fortune was large1 his intellect fair and well cultivated1 his person and address good1 and his whole appearance decidedly gentlemanly and prepossessing4 ,that he should have 8fallen in love10 as the phrase goes1 with his lively fiance1 none wondered1 and save a few anxious mothers1 who1 like ,mrs4 ,bridgeman1 had marriageable daughters1 all heartily congratulated him4 ,the family connection of ,mrs4 ,davidson was most respectable2 but left a widow1 with limited means and a family of young daughters1 she had been condemned to much and close economy to maintain appearances and give her daughters an education to fit them for their proper positions in the world4 ,the three eldest were1 as we have seen above1 respectably married1 and now it is not to be wondered that she rejoiced that her youngest was to be transferred from the narrow economy of her house to the comforts and luxuries which a wealthy husband could bestow4 ,did our fair heroine entertain like views8 ,they may have crossed her mind in some of her reveries1 but they were but shadows4 ,she had given a young1 pure heart with all its rich1 unworked mine of virgin gold1 without one thought of earthly dross about it4 ,she loved with all the ardent devotion of young love1 the handsome1 intelligent youth who wooed her with soft words and pleading looks4 ,she loved him for what he was1 or what she thought he was1 and not for what he had4 ,she knew that his love for her must be most disinterested1 for she had naught but herself to give1 and she was happy in the feeling of loving and of being beloved4 ,oh1 this love6 what a strange power it exercises over the actions and the minds of the human race4 ,what blindness it produces in our mental visions--how it changes defects into beauties1 and magnifies ant-hillocks to mountains--what floods of blood and floods of ink it has shed in this world1 and is doomed still to shed--how it makes virtue vice and vice virtue--how it lights the torch of discord1 and yet throws around the soft and beaming light of harmony--how it makes wise men idiots1 and converts brave men into cowards4 ,in a word1 how it agitates1 distracts1 soothes1 but generally succeeds best in causing men to stultify themselves1 at any rate for a given time4 ,the evening sped joyously on4 ,few envied1 more rejoiced in the apparent future happiness1 and1 as it was termed1 rare good fortune of the bride elect1 whose cheeks maintained a constant rivalry with the rich roses of the fragrant boquet1 as time and again some sly inuendo or more open remark reached her ear4 ,her mother received the more direct congratulations which were lavished upon her1 with a quiet ease1 in which she endeavored to veil the entire satisfaction which the prospective nuptials afforded her4 ,thus almost all were pleased4 ,the mother1 that her maternal cares were so soon to cease1 and the gay pleasure-seekers were satisfied that a new and splendid establishment would in another season be opened to them1 and if a feeling of any kind crossed the heart of ,laura ,bridgeman1 that the prize which she once thought within her grasp had fallen to another1 she turned to her new admirer1 and in the contemplation of his superb mustache forgot1 or tried to do so1 the vision of the beautiful establishment which had once flitted through her imagination4 99 99 99 99 99 ,shift we the scene4 ,a few months have passed--the gay festivities of the winter are over--summer now usurps her sway1 and nature1 decked in her holiday attire1 woos to contemplation and quiet enjoyment4 ,the magic words which were to fix for life the destinies of the fair ,maria had been spoken2 the nuptial benediction pronounced1 and in a beautiful villa1 a few miles removed from the city1 she was passing the first weeks of her bridal life1 a loved and loving wife4 ,there are few things in the world more touching than the love of a young1 pure wife4 ,the feelings which she entertained for the lover were constrained by a sense of propriety1 but now they may pour themselves forth unchecked1 in one o'ergushing flood of tenderness4 ,then she must await his approach1 now she may go forth to meet him--then she must check her feelings as they rose1 lest1 forsooth1 she might be thought forward1 indelicate4 ,now she may take the initiative1 and her soft hand may push back the locks from the brow on which she may implant a kiss of pure1 almost unearthly love4 ,now she may watch to gratify those little tastes or fancies which then were passed unnoticed4 ,and never were the gushings of a warm1 devoted heart poured forth more tenderly than they were by ,maria ,dawson for her husband4 ,nor on his part was the devotion less entire4 ,the villa had been fitted up in every way to gratify her taste and fancy2 and between the ride1 or the drive1 or the wandering about the grounds or in the garden1 or music and reading and conversation1 the summer passed all too rapidly away1 and she almost sighed when the frosts of autumn notified her to prepare to take possession of her luxurious mansion in the city4 ,marriage seems to be necessary1 as a general rule1 to the full development of the characters of women4 ,circumstances of course have a large share in it1 but still it seems almost necessary to the full development of the perfect character of woman that she should be seen in her double position of wife and mother4 ,germs which have lain dormant are then brought into life2 new faculties are called into play2 the disposition is fully unfolded1 and she exhibits herself frequently in a new and entirely different light from what she was regarded in the days of her girlhood4 ,the timid girl becomes self-reliant2 far from being dependent on the views and wishes of those to whom she has been accustomed to look for counsel and guidance1 she finds herself called upon to act and decide for others now dependent on her--this gives a vigor to her mind1 a firmness to her views1 a decision to her actions1 which1 without some such cause for their development1 they would in all probability never have attained4 ,,chapter ,,ii4 8,things look blue40 8,yes2 never saw such unpromising appearances40 8,the best paper in town was done yesterday at #b per cent4 per month10 pursued ,mr4 ,john ,sharp to his brother broker ,mr4 ,growlem1 as they cogitated over their morning's correspondence4 8,my letters throw out some inuendoes about certain houses heretofore considered undoubted10 pursued that gentleman1 as with a keen glance he peered over his spectacles at his companion4 8,hum--don't know4 ,in such cases caution is desirable1 and so don't say much2 but if stocks continue to fall as they have done for a few weeks past1 shan't consider any man undoubted unless ,i know him to be short of the whole list1 and even then he may be caught40 8,as how1 pray80 suggested his companion4 8,by buying in before delivery day1 and then finding his man smashed1 gone1 and he himself likely to be in the same pleasant position40 8,you always look at the bright side of things40 8,certainly ,i do2 especially when the prospect is so charming all round as it is now4 ,thank ,god ,i am pretty well up4 ,i haven't a contract that has not security up4 #8,my man1' you know1 always required it4 ,and as for any stocks ,i hold1 why they are all paid for and ,i may as well hold on for better times1 as ,i don't see how ,i can better myself by putting them in some fellow's note1 who will1 in all probability1 pay just five cents in the dollar40 8,i am a good deal of your way of thinking4 ,but if this crash goes on when will the revival come80 8,just as soon as the banks break1 and not before40 8,but how can their breakage benefit the matter8 ,i confess my ignorance40 8,my dear fellow1 considering your name and experience1 ,i consider you very flat this morning4 ,are you so green as to think ,i mean them to stop1 as you and ,i would if we could not meet our engagements4 ,by no means4 ,they will do no such vulgar thing as fail--they will merely suspend2 and then1 you know1 as paper is cheap and engraving not very expensive1 we shall have money as plenty as dirt2 that is1 as soon as presidents and cashiers can sign their names to pieces of paper promising to pay--in what8 ,i don't know4 ,do you8 ,certainly not in the #8current coin of the realm4' ,and yet1 by the way1 these promises will be the current coin4 ,mark what ,i say4 ,he that can hold on until this time will get through--plucked1 ringed1 well battered--but still he will get through4 ,he that can't must go to the wall1 there to be ground between the upper and the nether mill-stone40 ,the brokers parted4 ,it was a time to make the stoutest heart quail4 ,the commercial world was then going through one of those dreadful convulsions which so frequently happen to it1 aggravated on this occasion by the most reckless1 improvident and profligate expansion of the paper currency known for a century4 ,the consequence was1 that the fury of the storm fell upon the heads not of a portion only of the community1 but upon the whole4 ,persons dependent upon the incomes arising from stock investments were suddenly cut off2 and all classes1 from the laborer deprived of the work which afforded him his daily pittance for the support of his family1 upward1 felt the blow4 ,stocks were tumbling down at from one to five per cent4 a day2 money was not to be had on securities which in ordinary times would have been more than ample1 and universal distrust and dismay abounded4 ,how fared it in all this commotion with the personages of our story8 ,they had been several years wedded1 and heaven seemed to smile most benignantly on their union4 ,three lovely children were grouped around them4 ,every comfort1 every luxury that wealth could procure were lavished by ,henry ,dawson on his young wife1 whose loveliness appeared1 in his eyes at least1 to increase with each succeeding year4 ,the girlish beauty had passed away1 but the matronly grace and elegance and beauty which had succeeded1 were only as yet the first full developments of the lovely bud of promise4 ,nothing had however occurred to test in any way the young mother's character1 and except when occupied with the young family in the nursery at home1 she was to all outward appearance the polished1 elegant woman of the world1 one of fortune's spoiled children4 ,the richer qualities of head and heart1 if indeed she possessed any1 had never yet seen the light4 ,her husband was proud of her in every way--proud of the fine mind which her rich conversational powers showed2 proud of the faultless taste which governed all the arrangements of her drawing-rooms and her a own personal appearance--but beyond these he knew nothing of her--nor perhaps did she of herself4 ,the world flocked in crowds to her splendid balls1 and gave her the tribute of admiration which her personal graces and loveliness demanded as their right4 ,but this was all that the husband of her choice or the world in which she dwelt knew of ,maria ,dawson4 ,her full character was not yet developed1 the circumstances had not arisen4 ,it was about the time of the conversation that we have recorded above1 that ,henry ,dawson one day returned home rather earlier than was his habit4 ,maria was in the drawing-room when he entered4 ,she noted that his brow was clouded1 but this had been the case for several days2 and when1 on a former occasion1 she had spoken to him of it1 he had put her off with what she felt was but a pretext1 and she determined to abstain from questioning until he was ready to give her his confidence4 ,it had however worried her4 ,between them1 since their marriage1 confidence had been entire4 ,they had no secrets from each other1 and hence she argued this could not concern ,henry alone or he would have communicated with her2 the affairs of some friend which he was not at liberty to disclose even to her must be preying upon him1 and she would wait until the cloud had been removed1 or he was ready of his own accord to disclose it to her4 ,he had been standing by a table with his back turned to her for a few minutes1 engaged apparently in an attentive examination of something on it1 when he turned suddenly to her-- 8,maria10 and his voice was wanting in all the softness with which he usually addressed her1 and was pitched in the key-note of one who has some desperate communication to make--8,maria1 you must nerve yourself for ill news4 ,i am a ruined man10 he rather jerked out than said1 and as he spoke the strong man sank into a chair by his side4 ,not one word did she speak4 ,she sat for a moment as one stunned by a sudden blow2 then rising she passed softly to his side1 and resting one hand on his shoulder1 with the other she drew gently from his face the hands in which he strove to hide it1 then stooping down pressed her lips upon his forehead4 8,cheer up1 dear husband10 was her first words4 8,poor though we may be in earth's substances1 yet in one thing are we still rich--our mutual love4 ,think not1 dearest ,henry1 that for myself ,i care for all the glittering baubles around me1 so that ,i still retain your love40 ,and again were those soft lips pressed upon his forehead1 and a flood of tears relieved the anguish of his mind4 ,think him not unmanly because he thus wept4 ,this proud man who thus gave way1 was in all probability one who on the field of strife could with curling lip1 and flashing eye1 and with sword or bat waving wildly o'er his head1 have led a band of the most reckless and daring who ever trod a battle-field 8to do or die20 could have again1 as he had done that morning1 met his fellow men with cheek unblanched and eye unwandering1 and with a ready smile upon his lip1 whilst the vulture was gnawing at his heart4 ,but this conduct of his wife1 so pure1 so heavenly1 so devoted--it was too much for his manhood--it touched the inmost chords of deepest sensibility within him1 and the strong man wept4 ,maria1 for a few moments1 did not attempt to assuage or interrupt him4 ,she knew that nature was thus affording a relief to his pent-up and restrained feelings1 but as soon as the paroxysm began to subside again she leaned over him1 and said softly to him-- 8,cheer up1 dearest ,henry4 ,be not so cast down1 love4 ,the worst cannot be so bad as your imagination paints2 or let the worst be as bad as may be1 it is light to me compared with your distress4 ,cheer up then1 dearest--remember we have others beside ourselves to care for1 and if you allow yourself to be so overcome you will be unable to do aught for them40 ,he raised an arm1 passed it round her waist1 and drawing her toward him pressed her to his heart4 8,perhaps1 ,maria1 ,i should rejoice in my calamities1 as it has served to show me what an angel ,i posses in you40 8,oh no10 she replied1 anxious to divert his thoughts2 8not an angel1 only a loving1 trusting wife4 ,remember1 dearest1 ,i took you for worse as well as better1 for poorer as well as richer1 and would you have me break my promise8 ,fie on you1 ,henry1 ,i thought you had more confidence in my veracity40 8,nay1 ,maria1 speak not thus to me2 treat me not thus4 ,had you met my avowal with a cold look1 or with words of worldly wisdom have arraigned me for my conduct1 ,i could have borne all like a man2 but now--thus--such conduct has unmanned me--and our children1 too1 dearest6 ,when ,i think of them and of you--and of what my madness--my folly has deprived them and you--it almost distracts me40 8,but1 my dear husband1 you still can give to your children the bright legacy of an untarnished name1 and your wife will bear it more proudly for your sake1 than in the days of your greatest prosperity40 8,yes1 ,maria1 ,i have1 thank ,heaven1 that consolation4 ,poor though we are1 our name is untarnished by any act of mine4 ,madman1 fool1 ,i may have been1 but not a knave40 8,unburthen yourself to me1 ,henry1 and tell me all1 ,i am a child in matters of business1 ,i know4 ,your kindness has never let me suspect that any thing was wrong1 or that you were at all embarrassed for money1 since ,i have been your wife4 ,nay1 ,i did not even know that you were engaged in business at all1 but thought the income from your property supported us40 8,so it did for a time1 and so it should and would have continued to have done but for my own folly--,i always lived up to the extreme limit of my income--but extravagance begets extravagance4 ,i was proud of you1 your beauty1 your accomplishments1 your acquirements1 and ,i determined that no money should be spared to place you in possession of every thing your fancy or your taste might dictate4 ,it gratified my vanity to see you arrayed in the richest robes and glittering in the most costly gems4 ,it also gratified the same mean passion1 for such ,i now admit it to be1 that your balls and parties should be the most elegant1 the dinners and suppers of the house the most recherch in all respects our society could boast4 ,you appeared to take pleasure in them1 and hence ,i rushed madly on until ,i found my fortune seriously impaired4 ,what should ,i have done8 ,prudence and propriety now tell me1 have retrenched at once and have gone to you and told you all4 ,in fact they told me so then1 and the struggle between them and false pride might have resulted in their favor and spared us this1 but for one thing--,i never was a gambler4 ,i mean by that1 ,i never ventured at games of chance any sum whose loss would have been worth a passing thought4 ,but whilst ,i was thus hesitating1 ,i heard among the men with whom ,i associated1 how much this one and that one had cleared in a short time by 0operations8 in certain stocks4 ,this was not gambling4 ,it was the result of an observation of the probable rise and fall of the stock-market4 ,it is unnecessary to my tale1 love1 to enter into the minute particulars1 or to explain at length what is meant by the phrase #8bulls and bears2' suffice it to say1 ,i saw the best men in the community1 men esteemed in all the various relations of society1 vestrymen of churches1 elders1 trustees1 church members1 all deeply embarked in these transactions1 and of their morality then there could be no doubt1 nor do ,i now mean to impugn it4 ,i heard of the gains of different individuals--,i heard nothing of any man's losses4 ,i consulted a broker1 a man of keen business habits1 and like almost all the members of the broker's board1 of highly honorable character in his avocation4 ,i pointed out to him what ,i wanted4 ,for the first time ,i heard of something beside profits4 ,he pointed out to me clearly all the dangers of the business1 and how immeasurably greater they were to one who1 like myself1 had been educated to spend money1 not to make it4 ,few1 he told me1 were in the long run successful speculators1 and they were usually men of cool1 calculating temperament1 sagacious and far-seeing in watching the signs of the times1 and of an iron-nerve that nothing could shake2 and yet1 he said1 such were the uncertainties1 that at times even the most experienced of such men were deceived4 ,i left him fully intending to avoid the dangerous experiment--come to you1 and tell you all4 ,unfortunately1 ,i fell in with a friend who had just embarked in an operation4 ,we had talked the matter over before1 we did so again1 and before we parted ,i had given an order to another broker to operate for me4 ,i was successful4 ,this was sufficient4 ,several other small operations followed1 in which ,i had continued success4 ,i soon formed an exalted opinion of my own judgment2 voted the broker who had advised me #8an old granny' and embarked much more deeply4 ,losses now began to accrue--the embarrassments of the times thickened2 ,i fancied them only temporary and that they would soon pass away--,i plunged in more deeply and madly than ever1 and the result has been1 that having to-day settled all my contracts1 save the furniture of our houses1 our plate1 and your jewels1 we have not a thousand dollars upon earth40 ,he went through his tale firmly1 almost calmly4 ,when it was finished1 he looked into his wife's face with a smile so ghastly1 so unnatural1 that an ice chill fell upon her heart4 ,rallying in a moment1 she again bent to caress him1 and then said to him1 8,thank you1 dearest ,henry1 that ,i now know all4 ,it is a melancholy tale2 and how much pain might you have spared yourself1 had you known me better4 ,think you that ,i cared so much for the splendor with which you have surrounded me or the glittering baubles with which you have decked me1 as to have enjoyed the one or worn the other1 had ,i known all ,i now do4 ,oh6 why1 ,henry1 was not confidence in me so entire as to have advised with me concerning these things4 ,if husbands would only counsel in such matters freely with their wives2 if the situation of their affairs was always freely and fully laid before them1 much might be spared4 ,i rejoiced in the splendor1 ,i decked myself in costly robes and rich jewels1 more from the pleasure ,i saw that my doing so gave you1 than from any positive pleasure they afforded me2 though10 she added1 with a faint attempt at a smile1 8jewels and velvets are things which1 in common with most women1 ,i do not affect to despise4 ,but the jewel which ,i value above all others1 is my husband's love--to see him happy1 is to me a source of more exquisite enjoyment than all the splendor earth can give4 ,but1 ,i repeat1 cheer up1 dear ,henry2 the past is gone beyond recall1 leaving behind it but the lessons of experience which it gives--from them we can derive wisdom4 ,the future is all before us--we are young--trustful in each other--blessed with those objects which will call forth all our energies4 ,there must be no more false pride4 ,my jewels1 all1 save one or two tokens of your young love1 our plate and rich furniture will give us something on which to start afresh in life4 ,our experience of the past must be our beacon for the future4 ,compose yourself1 dearest4 ,leave the management of these trifles to me4 ,you must let me have a beginning10 she continued1 seconding her appeal with a kiss that was irresistible1 as she saw a refusal gathering on his brow4 8,keep yourself quiet and contented for a few days1 and see how well ,i will manage4 ,add now1 dearest1 let us go see the children40 ,our heroine had not yet fully developed--the process was but commencing4 ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,pass we by the scenes of the few succeeding days4 ,in them1 however1 ,maria was all efficiency4 ,her cheerfulness and the buoyancy of her spirits seemed never to forsake her1 at least in her husband's presence4 ,she had determined that no act1 nor look1 nor word of her's should add to the poignancy of the regret1 almost remorse1 which agitated him4 ,when alone1 the serenity of that young brow might be clouded2 but it was more from anxious thought for the future1 than from regret for the past2 or a tear might dim the brightness of her eye1 as she bent over her sleeping children1 and thought of their altered prospects4 ,fortunately there were no debts1 and1 best of all1 no small debts4 ,no tradesman1 no mechanic suffered from this mishap4 ,there was enough left to settle all these accounts1 and the stock contracts had all been 8met20 but there was nothing left1 save the furniture of the two mansions4 ,how rapid was her decision on this point4 ,all1 every thing1 save the most necessary articles1 were to go--satin1 damask1 and velvet1 were to be replaced by chintz2 rosewood by pine2 lounges1 and ottomans1 and presentation chairs were to be as if they never had been2 and if a few good engravings were laid aside with a few cherished family portraits to humanize their new home1 wherever it might be1 costly paintings were parted with without a sigh4 ,the rich ,china and costly plate--8,why1 certainly1 my dear2 ,i am sure things will eat just as well off of ,liverpool ware2 and as for all that glass1 ,i shall be glad to be rid of the constant dread ,i had of having it broken1 and the set ruined40 ,and thus did ,maria meet all the objections of her husband as they rose one by one4 ,two things1 however1 she determined to keep to the last--one1 her husband's books--the other1 her own piano4 ,she knew that be where they might1 they would be a constant source of comfort to him2 and in time1 when1 perhaps1 they could not be conveniently replaced1 they would be needed for the children4 ,but after all these things had been parted with1 how were they to live4 ,to live on the proceeds would be madness1 as that would in a short time exhaust every thing2 they neither of them had any expectations of future fortune1 save from their own exertions4 ,dawson had been educated to no business1 nor any profession2 and that he had escaped being a mere profligate 8about town0 was regarded almost as a wonder by all4 ,his refined native taste had alone saved him4 ,mere dissipation in its unrefined1 undraperied vulgarity1 had no charms for him2 and he had sought refuge when very young in female society1 and the indulgence of an unrestrained taste for general literature4 ,he had never been a student--rather a literary epicure--tasting a mouthful here1 and sipping a few drops there--but nowhere sitting down to that hearty meal of solid food by which alone true students are made4 ,it was1 however1 necessary that a decision of some kind should be made4 ,on one thing he was resolved1 and with a determination which nothing could shake4 ,it was to leave the place where his former life had been passed4 ,his pride was yet unbroken2 he could not endure the thought of sinking back from that position in society which he had formerly filled4 ,he could not endure the thought that his bright1 his beautiful wife should be exposed to mortifications which always fall to the lot of those from whose side fortune has departed4 ,he knew full well that the before concealed envy of many would now show itself at her expense--that she should be an object of affected pity and compassion from those who had greeted her appearance with applause1 and had been followers in her train4 ,were they to seek a new home1 they would be spared a thousand and one of those petty annoyances which none but those who have experienced them can appreciate4 ,in a new sphere1 they would start in an humble way1 but then there would be no by-gones connected with their history4 ,come what else might1 do what else they would1 on this point he was unalterably determined2 the what that was to be done1 and the where it was to be1 could not1 however1 be definitely determined upon until the results of the sale were known4 ,he inclined for the west4 ,to this his wife1 backed by the influence of her own family1 opposed a decided negative4 ,the iron horse did not then course its way over the lofty mountains and through the dense forests and across the almost boundless prairies on which it now pursues its daily career4 ,she dreaded the deadly sickness to which all settlers in new countries are subject--the isolation from all society1 which she knew must fall with such crushing weight upon one so long accustomed to it as was her husband--the want of schools1 at which her young family could receive proper instruction--and1 we must confess1 she shrunk somewhat from the thought of being her own sole 8help40 ,she did not count upon having about her1 go where she might1 a train of servants1 but she knew herself physically incapable of being the sole servant to her family4 ,she would1 she knew1 have to work1 literally and physically1 with her own hands--be1 in all probability1 her own nurse1 seamstress1 chamber-woman1 arrange and manage all within doors--take care of the children1 set out the table1 keep the house in order1 and superintend the cooking2 but beyond this she knew herself unable to the task1 and she was unwilling to undertake what she felt she could not accomplish4 ,and then1 too1 should the dreaded sickness come on--but here the dismal prospect fancy conjured up before her did not assume so distinct a form--it was a dark1 confused picture1 like those of some of the so called 8old masters10 in which the dark shadows are so deep1 that they throw into complete obscurity all the light--if1 indeed1 there ever was any4 ,and so two things were determined on4 ,first1 they would leave their former place of residence4 ,and1 secondly1 that they would not go to the west4 ,but what was to be the pursuit8 ,that was the rub4 ,as we have said1 ,dawson had neither a professional nor a business education4 ,the universal refuge for man1 that of a tiller of the soil1 was open to him2 but then what knew he of farming pursuits8 ,it is true he knew the difference between wheat and rye when he saw them in full head1 but it is doubtful if he could distinguish either of them from grass or oats before they had reached that state4 ,he could tell a scythe from a cradle1 or a plough from a harrow2 but how to use one or the other was to him a most profound mystery4 ,what kind of a hand could he make at farming8 ,there seemed1 however1 no other resource4 ,he must make up his mind to do something2 and no matter at what he went1 he must be a beginner--a student4 ,he was sickened of what is termed business1 and he did not think it would be more difficult to learn to be a farmer1 than it would be to become a lawyer or a doctor4 ,then1 too1 whilst the process of acquiring knowledge was going on1 he would be acquiring something for the support of his family4 ,it was true that whilst studying the law1 the paths of literature were open to him1 and he might do something with his pen4 ,but then he was entirely a novice at writing for the public1 and he had judgment sufficient to know that to succeed either as a lawyer or a literary man1 he must devote himself exclusively to one or the other4 ,the only resource1 or at least the most available1 seemed to be to await the issue of the sale1 and invest the proceeds thereof in purchasing and stocking a moderate farm4 ,the day at last came2 the fashionable world1 and the unfashionable1 too1 flocked in crowds to those halls where taste and elegance had so long reigned4 ,the examination of the various articles was over1 and the stentorian lungs of the auctioneer were heard announcing1 8,ladies and gentlemen1 the sale is about to commence1 and we will begin1 if you please1 with the chamber furniture1 and finish with the drawing-rooms and the glass and china40 ,his skillful experience had taught him to reserve the more costly and rarer articles until the excitement of competition had warmed the bidders up to the necessary pitch4 ,dawson and ,maria were neither of them present2 but the watchful eye of her legal brother-in-law saw to every thing4 ,there was much competition to obtain many articles2 by some1 as mementoes of the pleasant hours passed within those walls2 by others1 as anxious to exhibit them in their pretending but less fashionable saloons as articles of decided taste and elegance1 from their having once belonged to the fashionable leader1 ,mrs4 ,dawson4 ,the sale was over--the sum total footed up--commissions and expenses deducted1 and a very comfortable sum deposited in bank to the credit of ,mr4 ,dawson4 ,to this was to be added the amount derived from ,maria's jewels1 which she actually succeeded in selling at about one half their original cost4 ,this he wished her to keep as her own--but she refused2 a common purse must be theirs--all1 she said1 but just a little1 which she had1 and which she intended to keep for 8shoe and stocking0 money1 so she told him1 adding playfully1 8,you must let me have one secret from you1 dear2 and so don't ask me1 ,i beseech you1 where my shoe and stocking money comes from40 ,as she has no secrets with us1 courteous reader1 we may as well know4 ,she rightly argued that satins1 and brocades1 and velvets1 and such like1 would be worse than useless to a farmer's wife--and so she quietly disposed of them at a considerable sacrifice1 but still for a very comfortable sum4 ,she also argued that a suit of common fur would keep her quite as warm as her splendid set of marten1 the envy of one half the town1 and much more appropriate--and so the martens followed the brocades1 and the velvets1 and the jewels4 ,from these resources she was enabled to realise enough to keep herself and her children not only in shoes and stockings1 but also in all other clothing for a considerable time after the stock at present on hand was exhausted1 without drawing on the resources of the farm4 ,the next thing was to purchase the farm4 ,there were certain requisites which it might perhaps be difficult to find4 ,at last1 however1 a place was hit upon4 ,it was not exactly in its appearance what either our hero or heroine would have selected with an eye to picturesque beauty4 ,there was no varied hill or dale--no high hill here from which such a beautiful view of such a lovely valley could be seen there4 ,it was in a flat country1 without the slightest claims to beauty2 but then it was healthy1 the water good and pure--the fields well fenced and well watered--the soil of a fair natural character1 in a very tolerable state of cultivation4 ,a landing-place where a steamboat touched daily1 affording ready communication with the city--a village at the landing1 where a store1 a good doctor1 and a church were to be found4 ,these were considered as a most excellent substitute for the want of the picturesque4 ,the house was in the prevailing style of the neighborhood--without1 plain clap-boards1 from which the white-wash in many places had worn or washed off1 leaving the dark boards below visible in their native beauty4 ,the windows of a small size1 with close wooden shutters1 which had been1 years since1 painted of a color intended to be green1 but which now was decidedly nondescript4 ,a low porch covered the two or three steps that led to the front door4 ,the court-yard was a small inclosure1 through which a path led from a gateway in the fence by one side of the house1 and which opened into a lane which led into the high-road4 ,within1 a hall ran through the middle of the house4 ,on either side were doors1 leading on one hand into two rooms1 called the front and back parlor2 and on the other1 into a room called the dining-room1 and also into the kitchen4 ,from the door of the kitchen the stairs ascended1 leading to two or three tolerably comfortable rooms above1 and to as many as intolerably uncomfortable1 at least in the eyes of the new occupants4 ,beyond the kitchen was a shed1 which was intended to be shut in by large wooden shutters1 in which was the pump1 and where the washing and other heavy kitchen-work could be transacted4 ,this was certainly a change for both from their splendid town-mansion and luxurious villa4 ,the interior of the mansion was no more prepossessing than its exterior2 and ,maria shrugged her shoulders and looked round with a face of dismay as she contemplated the dreary prospect before her when she arrived to take possession of her new home4 ,there was no time1 however1 to waste in repining4 ,boxes were to be opened1 trunks unpacked1 and places prepared in which to sit1 eat1 and sleep for the next few days1 until things could be got somewhat to right4 ,as for ,dawson1 he muttered some not very inaudible imprecations on the madness and folly which had brought them to this4 8,now1 ,henry1 do1 dear1 just take a hatchet and pry off the top of that box4 ,it has the matresses in it1 and ,i'll just get them out and you shall fix up the children's bedstead1 and let them and the baby have some place to lie down upon4 ,i do declare10 she added1 laughing1 8nature must have intended you for a carpenter1 you have gotten it off so nicely10 as1 after some desperate struggles with the nails1 he at last succeeded in prying off the top of the box4 8,and there10 she added1 8are the bedsteads tied up yonder2 no fear of their being damaged by exposure1 which is a great advantage4 ,do1 dear1 just carry them up stairs1 whilst ,i get the bed-linen out of this great trunk in which it is packed up0--and ,dawson1 stimulated by the example of his wife1 gave up something which sounded very like an occasional objurgation of a certain fool1 meaning thereby himself1 and took to working4 ,the bedsteads were soon carried to their sleeping chamber and set up--the matresses laid on them1 and the nimble fingers of our heroine soon covered them with their snowy linen4 ,all was in readiness for the time when the 8,sandman0 would come round among the children4 ,in the meantime1 with the aid of the assistants on the farm1 the rest of the things had been unpacked1 and chairs and tables stood in a confused medley about4 ,they were all of the simplest and least costly kind1 and formed a strong contrast to the splendid piano which1 in all the glory of its rich rosewood case1 now occupied its destined position in the front parlor4 ,maria looked with a wistful eye on the scene of confusion4 ,to attempt to reduce it was1 she thought1 like producing order out of chaos4 ,it was unnecessary to attempt it to-day2 and so she determined to rest for the residue of it1 and take a view of the exterior4 ,as she passed out of the front door for this purpose1 holding little ,maria by the hand and carrying the baby in her arms1 she was met by ,master ,harry1 as he was termed1 to distinguish him from his father4 ,his cap was gone1 his nicely combed curls were in a glorious state of dishevelment1 his clothes evinced a most intimate acquaintance with mother earth1 as did his face and hands4 8,oh1 mamma60 he exclaimed1 his whole face glowing with excitement1 8oh1 mamma1 do come and see what a nice pond there is out here to sail boats in4 ,and see1 mamma10 holding up a 8mud-cake0 as he spoke1 8see what a nice cake ,i have made60 ,although vexed that her darling1 of whose locks1 and clean complexion1 and trim dress she had always been so proud1 should present such an appearance1 she yielded to his entreaties1 and followed the child without the gate into the lane1 where a mud-puddle of formidable dimensions at once explained the mystery of the pond and the beautiful cakes he had been engaged in concocting4 8,and see1 mamma10 he added1 clapping his hand1 and pointing to a swarm of yellow butterflies which were settling round the edge of the puddle1 8see what bootiful birds1 and whenever ,i get close up to them to catch them1 they just fly away40 8,happy child60 thought his mother2 8to you the cares of life are unknown4 ,happier1 doubtless1 will you for some time be here1 chasing your butterflies1 careless of all else4 ,but your time1 too1 must come0--and our heroine found herself almost sighing4 8,but1 ,harry1 my boy1 listen to me4 ,mamma would rather you should not play out in this lane1 and by this dirty puddle4 ,see how dirty your hands1 and face1 and clothes all are2 and it will give mamma a great deal of trouble to keep you clean if you do so40 8,but1 mamma1 ,i don't care about being clean4 ,i am sure it's a great deal nicer to be dirty and play about this nice pond1 than to be dressed up to go out and walk with ,mrs4 ,harris1 and ,janey1 and ,maria1 and the baby40 8,yes1 my dear1 but you wont have ,mrs4 ,harris and ,janey to dress you1 and keep you clean1 and take you to walk any more40 8,wont ,i8 ,oh1 ,i'm so glad6 ,then ,i can run out here and get as dirty as ,i please--can't ,i mamma80 8,i hope you will not--for you have nobody else now to wash you and keep you clean but mamma2 and you don't want to give her so much trouble1 do you80 8,no1 mamma2 but ,i'm so glad you're going to wash me1 for you wont scrub so hard as ,mrs4 ,harris did--she used to hurt so1 sometimes40 8,i am afraid1 my dear1 ,i shall have to scrub a great deal harder than ,mrs4 ,harris did1 if you play out here and get so dirty40 8,well1 mamma1 ,i'll try not to2 but say1 mamma1 ,i may come out and play here sometimes2 it's so nice40 8,i will see about it some other time2 but come in with me and get ready for supper40 ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,the next few days were those of considerable physical toil to our friends4 ,the care of the younger children had to be resigned to a young girl who had been taken to assist her maid of all work2 and ,harry found himself straying occasionally to his favorite puddle1 which1 much to his regret1 became gradually smaller1 until at last it entirely disappeared4 ,those few days had1 however1 wrought a wonderful change in the appearance of things within the house2 and it is astonishing what marvels a few dollars will effect in producing these results when directed by taste4 ,a little paint1 some neat but low priced wall-paper1 a little white dimity1 chintz1 and a few yards of white muslin1 with some matting on the floor1 had effected true wonders4 ,the family portraits and engravings relieved the nakedness of the walls2 curtains of thin white muslin1 tied up with some tasteful ribbon1 gave an air of refinement to the otherwise decidedly vulgar windows1 whilst the chintz and dimity covered with graceful folds many an otherwise plain and homely deal plank4 8,i declare10 mused ,maria to herself1 8we are becoming quite presentable1 almost ready to receive company4 ,yet something seems wanting--,i have it2 there's enough of that blue and fawn-colored chintz still left2 ,i will get ,henry to saw me off a couple of boxes of the right size--,sam shall bring me some wool to stuff them with1 and ,i will have a pair of ottomans40 ,no sooner thought than done4 ,the boxes were hunted up1 and found to suit exactly1 except that they were a few inches too high4 8,henry1 dear10 she said to her husband1 when they had finished dinner1 8wont you just take a saw and come and saw me off a piece from each of these boxes that are lying out there80 8,yes--but what on earth do you want to do with them1 ,maria80 8,never you mind1 sir2 you shall know all in good time4 ,there now1 dear--there--just saw six inches off from the length of each of them4 ,had not you better take a rule to measure them carefully8 for ,i want them just of a heighth1 and sawed off very smoothly40 ,he did as he was required--placed the boxes in the designated place1 and went out to superintend his men1 and continue his lessons in the practical details of his new employment4 ,as soon as he was gone1 she brought her chintz1 and was soon deep in all the mysteries of measuring and fitting4 ,the side pieces were soon cut off to the desired sizes--the ready needle prepared them for fastening on2 but she could do nothing with the seat until she had procured the wool4 ,that was done by the farm-hand that evening2 and as soon as her husband had gone out after breakfast1 she was busily engaged in fitting the top and stuffing it4 ,the upholstery work was completed to her entire satisfaction1 and when her husband came in to tea1 she said quietly to him1 8,i want you to come into the parlor and listen to my music for a little time40 ,this was always irresistible--he followed her in and prepared for his treat1 when she said to him1 8,i have a great notion not to play a note for you1 as you have not taken the slightest notice of my new ottomans40 ,he looked his surprise1 but following the direction of her eye1 the new articles of furniture met his view4 8,i suppose ,i am now enlightened as to what you wanted with those boxes1 and to be sawed so carefully yesterday4 ,but when1 in ,heaven's name1 ,maria1 do you find time to do all you do6 ,here are you1 a delicately nurtured woman1 attending to most of the details of the dairy--arranging chambers and sitting-rooms--nursing1 making beds1 sweeping1 dusting1 sewing1 and what not2 and now1 to crown all1 you must needs take to upholstering1 as if you had not enough already to do40 8,i am sure10 she said1 looking up at her curtaining 8that latter is no new business4 ,learn1 ,henry1 in regard to the time1 the truth of the old adage1 #8when there's a will1 there's a way4' ,i thought the room did not look quite furnished1 and so ,i determined on them4 ,they certainly are a great improvement to the room--and aren't they sweet1 dear80 8,they certainly are very creditable to your taste and handiwork4 ,but10 stooping over1 and pressing a kiss on her rich rosy lips1 8you must take more care of yourself1 dearest1 or you will overdo the matter40 8,don't ,i look like a tender1 delicate creature1 that requires careful nursing8 ,oh1 fie on you6 ,i am afraid you have lost all your gallantry4 ,i am very certain ,maria ,davidson's cheek was never half so blooming when you used to pay it so many compliments4 ,i am certainly at least five pounds heavier than ,i was when ,i came up here4 ,the sun1 too1 is giving my complexion that darker hue you so much admire40 8,i admire brown complexions6 ,when did you ever hear me say so80 8,i don't know that ,i ever did4 ,but then1 you know1 dear1 ,laura ,bridgeman was a decided brunette40 8,pshaw60 said ,dawson1 laughing2 8not jealous1 ,i trust1 ,maria1 of the remembrance of my old flirtation with ,laura40 8,not very1 sir10 she added1 looking down demurely1 8for1 you know1 when it happened ,i was a little girl that had not yet come out40 8,what a fortunate escape ,laura1 and her mamma would think she had made1 if they could only see me now busily engaged in my shirt-sleeves1 planting1 digging1 weeding1 raking1 learning to mow1 in fine1 learning to earn my own bread and that of those dearer to me than life40 8,i don't feel at all sentimental in connection with ,laura ,bridgeman2 and so10 she added1 turning to the piano and striking up a gallope1 8here's something that lady would prefer at any time to sentiment40 ,the piece finished1 she at once changed the measure1 and in a few moments her rich1 full voice was heard in a song which was a peculiar favorite of her husband's4 ,the sound of the music attracted the children1 who now came in1 the youngest in his young nurse's arms1 to kiss papa good-night1 whilst ,maria prepared her baby for bed4 ,whilst our heroine was thus active within doors1 it must not be supposed that her husband was supine without4 ,he was industriously learning the practical parts of his new vocation4 ,he was engaged1 the dandy of the pav1 the saloons and the clubs1 learning1 in his shirt-sleeves1 to plough1 to harrow1 to mow1 to dig1 and1 in fine1 to do all that a hard-working farmer is compelled to do4 ,he was aware that the head as well as the hand is necessary to direct aright the art of tillage1 as any other art1 and that a man may learn every thing concerning the rotation of crops1 and all the rest of the art1 and yet be deficient in the skill of an ordinary hand in the manual operations2 but he thought it best to learn all1 in order that in future he might direct all2 and so he worked away under the tuition of one of his hired men1 and was rapidly becoming a proficient4 ,the hands had lost the softness and whiteness of the city dandy1 and had put on that covering of brown which he condemned on the cheek of his wife1 only that the shade was darker1 and the hardening process had been so gone through with that blisters no longer troubled him4 ,there was much to do1 too1 to the exterior of the place1 in order to make it harmonize with the now refined interior2 so the garden was enlarged1 and fruit of various kinds set out at the proper time1 and in another year or so they had reason to calculate upon a great improvement in every thing4 ,time never flew more rapidly with the subjects of our story1 not even during the ever-memorable first summer after their wedding4 ,it is true they had but little society1 but the active discharge of their duties required the greater portion of their time1 and the few occasional half hours of idleness in the day-time1 were moments which required no foreign assistance to render them pleasant4 ,after the children were dispatched for the night1 and the supper things washed up1 and the breakfast-table all set out to be ready for the morning1 they would indulge themselves in some music1 and then ,dawson would read aloud1 whilst ,maria's nimble fingers repaired some rent which the clothes of the children might have suffered1 or prepared some necessary habiliment4 ,the neighborhood was thickly settled with a class of comfortable well-to-do farmers1 almost exclusively the owners of the farms they occupied1 whilst the village of ,euston was only a little more than a mile distant4 ,the good people had not1 however1 called much upon them4 ,some were restrained by one cause or another1 although since rumors of their former position in life having got afloat1 curiosity was largely on the tiptoe to see how they could bear their change and get along4 ,the men formed a good opinion of him1 when they saw him take off his coat and go to work1 as they said1 8like a man who wasn't ashamed of his business20 and they prophesied he would get along4 ,what the females thought may be judged by the following conversation4 8,well1 ,i do declare this is very nice1 comfortable10 said ,miss ,maggie ,chatterton1 as she undid her bonnet-strings and threw off her shawl amidst a female group of neighbors who were assembled in the best parlor of a certain ,mrs4 ,holmes4 8,oh1 ,miss ,maggie10 shouted two or three juveniles1 starting from their various posts about the room1 8do tell us that story you promised us last week40 8,presently1 dears1 but ,i want to have a little chat with your mothers first4 ,seen the newcomers yet1 any of you8 ,i mean those city people the ,dawsons40 8,yes10 said ,miss ,susan ,bitterly1 a staid single lady of no particular age4 8,i saw them both as ,i passed by their place yesterday1 and can't say ,i saw any thing particularly desirable about either of them4 ,they say she has a piano4 ,i wonder what she expects to do with it here80 8,well1 for my part10 said ,mrs4 ,hardmoney1 the portly wife of a well-to-do farmer in the neighborhood1 8,i don't see what farmers' wives have to do with them there sort of things4 ,when ,i was a girl1 we were taught another guess matter than to sit thumping pianys all day40 8,i think you're rather hard on the poor young thing10 said kind1 motherly ,mrs4 ,holmes1 as she smoothed down carefully her best dress1 which she wore in honor of the occasion2 8it must certainly be a hard thing for her to come to such a change1 after having had every thing so comfortable about her all her life40 8,well1 for my part10 said ,miss ,chatterton1 8,i quite pity her4 ,and they say she's such a dear1 sweet little thing--yes1 children1 ,i'll be with you presently--and all the fault of her husband4 ,not that ,i ever heard she complained of him4 ,by the way1 ,mrs4 ,holmes1 how's your husband's rheumatism to-day8 ,i've heard of a new remedy for it4 ,ah6 my dear ,mrs4 ,brown10 she added1 turning to another of the party1 8,i saw ,henry ,cole only yesterday1 and he told me they were all well at his father's4 ,but1 as ,i was saying1 they say it was all his fault--0 8,maggie1 are you never going to tell us that story80 8,yes1 dears1 presently1 when ,i've done here4 ,yes1 she is quite a dear little thing1 and ,sally ,irish1 who lives with them1 you know1 says she's so good and so gentle1 and goes about every thing so nicely and so pleasantly1 that she has quite won ,sally's heart already1 and that1 you know1 is not very easy to do4 ,it was only a day or two after they moved up1 before they had got all fixed to rights1 that she came up to ,sally1 who was washing out some things1 and said to her1 as she held out a bundle of nice muslins--#8,do1 ,sally1 please wash these out for me this time1 and ,i will stand by whilst you do it and learn how1 and then1 you know1 another time ,i can do it myself1 and perhaps1 in time1 ,i may learn to do it almost as well as you1 ,sally4'0 8,well1 ,i am glad to hear she's not so set up with her piany and such nicknakeries as to be above being willing to help herself some4 ,when ,i heard what a heap of help they had down there1 ,i thought sure as how they were going to bring all their city notions as well as their piany down here into the country40 8,why1 what harm can there be in a piano10 said the oldest of the ,holmes girls1 before whose eyes visions of a boarding-school1 and a piano1 and such like things had been for some time dancing2 8,i can't see what harm there can be in having a piano4 ,for my part ,i think it must be very nice1 and ,i mean to go over and see that dear1 pretty ,mrs4 ,dawson1 and perhaps she will play on hers for me40 8,no doubt she will1 my dear10 said ,miss ,susan ,bitterly2 8accomplished ladies like her when they're settled down among such barbarians as we1 are glad to find some one as accomplished as yourself with whom to associate40 ,a tart reply arose to ,susan ,holmes' tongue1 but an opportune look from her mother arrested it4 8,i should think10 resumed ,mrs4 ,hardmoney1 8that their help would eat up all they make at any time4 ,the ,gilbert farm was never a very profitable one1 and this man1 ,dawson1 they say1 knows nothing about farming4 ,he's hired ,sara ,bromley and ,jim ,clodpole to work on the place4 ,sam told my old man he was to have a kind of management of things1 for ,dawson hardly knew the tines of the fork from the handle4 ,we all know that ,sam is a managing fellow1 and if he don't contrive to get more out of the place than ,dawson1 ,i'm mistaken40 8,i think you do ,sam injustice10 said ,mrs4 ,holmes4 8,mr4 ,holmes told me that ,mr4 ,dawson came to see him about hiring ,sam1 and that he took him on his recommendation4 ,dawson is to pay him high wages1 but ,sam is a smart hand1 and if ,dawson will only keep his eyes open1 he may learn a good deal from him40 8,one thing is very certain10 broke in our friend1 ,miss ,chatterton--8,i shall go see her as soon as she's fixed1 and ,i hope all the neighbors will4 ,from what ,sally ,irish told me1 ,i'm sure she is not a bit uppish1 but will be glad to see us all4 ,and you know1 ,mrs4 ,holmes1 you can give her some of your nice recipes for country dishes1 and teach her so many things1 if you choose1 about managing her dairy1 and ,i am certain1 from what ,sally says1 she will be much obliged to you for doing so40 8,well1 my dear10 said the lady1 addressed1 8,i have been thinking about it for some time1 only ,i thought perhaps she would not care to have any visitors until she got quite settled and began to feel quite at home4 ,it was only to-day ,mr4 ,holmes told me he thought it would be neighborly for me to go1 and he was sure she would take it quite kindly4 ,mr4 ,dawson and he are quite sociable1 and he often drops in to see how things are getting on as he goes by1 and ,mr4 ,dawson consults with him a good deal about things and is quite thankful to him for his advice40 ,mr4 ,holmes was one of the principal men in that part of the world4 ,in addition to the very fine farm on which he lived1 he was the owner of two or three others1 and had some very comfortable snug sums invested in mortgages1 and some stocks4 ,mr4 ,holmes' opinion on any subject was then that of a man entitled to be heard1 for it is astonishing what an additional force of wisdom those little things called dollars1 when counted in tens of thousands1 and especially in hundreds of thousands1 lend to their possessor4 ,should it chance that they should mount into millions1 ,solomon himself1 could he revisit the earth1 would not be more regarded than are their fortunate possessors--their words are cherished as the very oracles of wisdom1 and their breath is as it were the divine afflatus--men who possess them may pass their lives without contributing in the slightest degree to the comfort or happiness of their fellow men1 the very incarnation of selfish avarice2 but should they after their death1 unable to carry it with them1 build and endow an hospital1 a college or a library1 their names immediately ascend to heaven in grateful pans for their wondrous bounties1 and they live in brick and marble for ages1 whilst those whose lives have been past in one constant act of beneficence to their fellows1 sink into their graves and are forgotten in a month4 ,mr4 ,holmes' opinions then1 were of weight in the circle in which he moved1 and his good lady re-echoing them1 they bore down all feeling which the natural rancor of ,miss ,bitterly and the contracted views of ,mrs4 ,hardmoney might have engendered in the breasts of the females around1 against our sweet ,maria4 ,none of them had yet seen her2 she had not been a month in their neighborhood1 but they all had heard something good about her1 and after wondering why the ,dawsons had not yet been seen in any place of worship1 and whether they didn't mean to go1 and if they did which--the conversation turned into other channels1 and ,maggie ,chatterton at last yielded to the solicitations of the children to go over into their corner and tell them 8that nice story40 ,the village of ,euston1 though numbering less than a thousand inhabitants1 was well supplied with places of public worship1 for1 as we have said1 it was surrounded by a populous neighborhood4 ,first1 stood the old and venerable brick building1 destitute of any ornament1 unless the glazed ends of the blue-colored bricks scattered profusely through the walls could be called such1 with its small1 venerable porch4 ,the building was1 however1 becoming too large for the worshipers1 or rather the worshipers were becoming too few for the building1 for the great dissension1 some years previous1 which rent the society in twain had reached here1 and a large number had gone off to seek another building other than that in which1 in contemplative silence1 their sires and grandsires before them had worshiped4 ,then came the ,baptists and ,methodists1 in their almost equally plain buildings but with large congregations1 and the ,presbyterians and ,episcopalians1 with more pretending buildings but much fewer numbers1 brought up the rear4 ,it was not from want of a chance that the ,protestant could not worship1 and the number of emigrants in the neighborhood was so small that the chapel of the ,roman ,catholic had not yet appeared4 ,before removing to the country ,dawson and his wife had been regular attendants on every ,sunday morning1 or at least on every not very wet or stormy ,sunday morning1 at a church of the ,episcopal denomination4 ,they went1 especially the gentleman1 more from a feeling that it was a tribute rendered to propriety than from any other motive4 ,not that he was an irreligious man2 he was simply a careless one4 ,of religion in the abstract1 he professed when he spoke of it1 which was very seldom1 great respect4 ,he had never been led off either by reading or the influence of companionship to any thing beyond simple indifference4 ,he saw that those who were called 8religious people0--8church members0--most of them declined frequenting the opera1 or the theatre1 or ball-room4 ,he could not understand this--he could not comprehend why what he considered the innocent pleasures of life were to be thus given up4 ,it is true he often met these very persons in the concert-room1 or at what he thought very large parties1 provided there was no dancing--he could not understand those which he considered distinctions without a difference1 except that the music of the concert-room would be improved by scenic representations in costume1 or that the scandal of the tea-party might be advantageously broken in upon by the music of the dance4 ,this was the reasoning of one who merely regarded the surface--beyond this he had not penetrated4 ,religion itself1 as a vital1 soul-giving principle1 he had never studied4 ,a large portion of the ,bible was familiar to him--he admired the psalms of ,david for their exquisite pathos and simplicity--the sublimity of ,isaiah1 and the mournful imagery of ,jeremiah had touched his fancy1 but his heart had been unmoved1 either by these or the gentle teachings and lofty morality of the ,new ,testament4 ,he read the ,bible as he did the works of other great authors1 to please his fancy1 his imagination1 but not as the ,book in which choice of life and death1 the mode of attaining the one and avoiding the other1 is offered to mankind4 ,maria1 like most women1 possessed deeply religious sensibilities4 ,the ,bible was not to her a sealed book1 and she was unconsciously most probably to herself1 much influenced in her actions by its teachings4 ,but her mode of life and that of her husband had not been such as to allow it to make any very deep impression on her4 ,had one charged her with being deficient in religious feeling she would have shrunk back from it with horror4 ,but1 in very truth1 though the germs may have been planted in her heart1 the requisite sun and rain had not yet reached them to mature them4 ,with such views1 they had not hastened their motions churchward1 and1 since their removal1 were under some feeling of embarrassment at a first meeting with a congregation all strangers to them4 ,,chapter ,v4 ,on the ,sunday succeeding the tea-party at ,mrs4 ,holmes'1 our hero and heroine solved the problem in regard to their church-going by appearing in the ,episcopal church at ,euston4 ,thus it was settled that they did intend to go to church1 and also where they intended to go2 two very important points for the gossips of the neighborhood4 ,mr4 ,dawson had called on the church-warden to obtain a pew a day or two before2 the fact was duly communicated to his wife1 and by her to some of the ladies of the congregation1 so that when the ,sunday morning arrived the new comers were duly expected4 ,she would of course be dressed in her best silk dress1 made in newest fashion2 and her hat of the same material1 would also be a glass in which the ladies of ,euston could mould their own4 ,great was the surprise of sundry good ladies1 who cast furtive glances over their shoulder1 when a young lady of graceful mien and carriage1 and who could be no other than the expected one1 followed the warden1 who politely pointed out their seats to the strangers1 up the aisle4 ,attired in a simple1 white muslin dress1 with a plain straw hat1 slightly trimmed with green ribbon1 ,maria1 holding her little boy by the hand1 disappointed expedition4 ,there was no time for criticism1 for immediately after the clergyman entered the desk1 and as there was no grand preliminary flourish by the organ of some favorite aria from ,rossini or ,bellini1 the services commenced4 ,they were conducted with an earnest fervor which chained and held the attention of all4 ,there was no attempt at display1 but the lofty and sublime beauty of the liturgy was brought out in all its force by the heartfelt utterance of the speaker4 ,the congregation soon seemed to enter into the spirit of the rector4 ,the responses were deep and fervent--the music1 plain and unaccompanied by an instrument1 seemed to the new arrivers1 joined in as it was by the whole congregation1 as more expressive of deep devotion than the more finished efforts of the choir1 accompanied by a superb instrument1 to which they had been accustomed4 ,the sermon which followed was in keeping with what had passed4 ,it was a plain1 practical discourse on our duties here as connected with our state hereafter4 ,there was no eloquence1 but much earnestness--the sentences were not rounded and polished to the highest elegance of finish1 but brief and pithy1 and the language strong and nervous1 went directly home to the heart and conscience4 ,although devoid of ornament1 it was entirely free from any thing like commonplace1 and proclaimed the utterer to be no commonplace man4 ,a few months only settled in the place1 he had already made a forcible impression on his people1 as was apparent from their manner both during the prayers and the sermon4 ,mr4 ,stapleton was indeed no ordinary man4 ,his talents were more than usually fall to the common herd4 ,they had been highly cultivated1 and would fit him to adorn any position to which he might be called4 ,his ambition was1 however1 to do good to his fellow man4 ,to this all the energies of his mind and heart were directed4 ,holding sincerely to the distinctive principles of his own denomination1 he could yet see in every man a brother4 ,the road to heaven was not in his opinion over one narrow plank1 which alone must be trodden in conformity with the creeds and synods of certain men in order to reach it4 ,in his preaching as in his practice1 it was justification by faith in a crucified ,redeemer who died to save all who sincerely trusted in him4 ,where disease and sorrow were1 there was the rector found--nor were his attentions confined to those who were called of his own denomination--it was enough for him to know that pain or suffering existed to draw him to its home4 ,in humble imitation of his ,divine ,master1 8he went about doing good40 ,the effects of this were already apparent in many cases--universal respect and esteem awaited him whenever he approached--the careless1 the indifferent1 the profane1 all awarded to him a consistency of life and conduct in keeping with the doctrines and principles he enforced4 ,the influence of such a life in a man placed in such a situation could not but be felt in the surrounding community1 and especially among those whose spiritual guide he was--accordingly1 already the fruits of it were beginning to be shown in a deeper1 and more earnest spirit of devotion in his congregation4 ,their attendance on the regular services of the church was more numerous and more regular2 increasing attention was given by them to the spiritual education of their children through the medium of the ,sunday-schools into which he had breathed a renewed vitality4 ,yet with all his energy and devotedness in his sacred calling ,mr4 ,stapleton was no bigot1 no ascetic4 ,in the social circle no one contributed more largely to the entertainment and amusement of those around him4 ,he took an active interest in the temporal affairs of those among whom he lived--he had a keen relish for the innumerable blessings with which ,god has strewed our pathway through life1 recommending the use1 but strongly deprecating the abuse of them2 in a word1 inculcating both by precept and example temperance in all things4 ,such was the man upon whose ministrations the hero and heroine of our tale now for the first time attended4 ,they were unknown to him except by reputation1 their former history being familiar to him1 and fear of intrusion having thus long deterred him from seeking an acquaintance1 which must have been most agreeable to a man of as cultivated a mind and refined taste as his4 ,now1 however1 that they had enrolled themselves among his parishioners1 the case was different1 and in the discharge of his pastoral duties he could seek them out with propriety4 ,this was accordingly done1 and ,dawson and his wife felt pleasure that among those who were likely to be their future life associates there was one so refined in taste1 so cultivated in intellect1 so gentlemanly in manner as their pastor4 ,nor was the pastor on his side less pleased4 ,the charms of conversation with persons of refined taste and cultivation were a source of positive pleasure to him1 and of relief to a mind worn by study and anxiety4 ,the lighter literature in which ,dawson delighted was not unknown to him1 and from the shelves of his new friend 7the 8back-parlor0 had been transformed into the 8library07 he could obtain authors of rare merit which his own library did not afford4 ,maria's piano and voice were always put into requisition at the pastor's call1 and thus in a comparatively short time an intimacy was established1 which under other circumstances would in all probability have only been brought about in months1 if not in years4 ,let it not be supposed1 however1 that in his intercourse with the ,dawsons1 ,mr4 ,stapleton ever lost sight of the great object of his life--the salvation of the souls of his fellow-men4 ,the greater his intimacy became1 the more he found himself the habitual frequenter of the house of his new friends1 the deeper became his interest1 the more anxious his desire to raise their thoughts from the concerns of time to those of eternity4 ,gradually and gently would he lead the conversation into channels which enabled him to dwell more and more on the thoughts that were nearest and dearest to himself4 ,he found attentive listeners4 ,there were no doubts of a sceptical kind to be overcome4 ,both ,dawson and ,maria yielded a belief of the head to all the doctrines of ,christianity1 to which they had been accustomed to listen from their childhood4 ,with her1 too1 as she had increased in years1 had--in her more thoughtful moments--increased an earnest respect for the precepts which were familiar to her4 ,in the midst of all her former gaiety and splendor1 she not unfrequently felt that she was created for some higher and nobler purpose than to pass her life in the frivolities of which she was the center4 ,an aching void1 filled--as she thought--first1 by her husband1 and then still fuller by her children1 she could not but at times experience1 as who of us has not4 ,stapleton now showed her that even these cherished objects of affection were not sufficient4 ,these ties death might rend asunder--the cherished objects might be wrested from her1 at any rate1 for a season2 but1 that there was one1 to whom1 if she gave her affections1 ,he never would part from her4 ,to do this1 it was not necessary for her to abate one iota of her domestic feelings--the love for those on earth and for ,him in heaven were not only compatible with each other1 but would actually increase the purity and devotion of each4 ,so sped away the fall and winter4 ,the new comers had become perfectly at home in their new position4 ,many and various had been the neighborly calls upon them1 which had been duly returned4 ,strange was the contrast between their new and old acquaintances in much of the outward forms of society1 but they both found that beneath these plainer exteriors were frequently met with hearts as large and pure1 and minds as strong and vigorous1 if not as polished and cultivated1 as those to which they had been accustomed4 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,holmes had been invaluable adjuncts to both4 ,the former had conveyed many an useful piece of practical knowledge to ,dawson1 who had entered on his new pursuits with a fixed determination to succeed1 and with his mind unfettered by any of those prejudices arising from the fact that 8his father had done so before him10 or that 8it was the practice in their neighborhood10 was enabled to avail himself of all the improvements which modern skill and the experience of others now bring to the aid of the tiller of the soil4 ,his life was passed in an even1 quiet tenor4 ,if his meals were not as luxurious as they once had been1 labor of some kind gave to them a most excellent relish1 and no butter was ever so good as that which he now ate1 for the hands of ,maria had made it2 no pastry so light and delicious1 for the same fair hands had prepared it2 no bread so sweet1 for she had kneaded it herself2 and her light cakes1 a recipe from ,mrs4 ,holmes1 were pronounced equal to those of that thrifty lady1 whose housewifery was the theme of admiration the country round4 ,thus they conformed themselves to their circumstances2 and1 in so doing1 enjoyed the many blessings ,heaven still reserved for them4 ,the children had thriven apace4 ,harry had learned not only to take care of himself without the assistance of ,mrs4 ,harris and ,jenny1 but aspired to take charge of the cows1 also2 being never so happy as when permitted to assist in driving them to and from the pasture-grounds4 ,little ,maria's great delight1 too1 was to feed the 8chickes10 and baby1 left to roll about a good deal by itself1 was fast attaining that happy period1 when it is its glorious privilege to waddle up and down stairs alone1 to the imminent danger of its own neck1 and the perpetual alarm of all careful mammas4 ,but had the true seed sown by ,mr4 ,stapleton produced no fruit during this time8--,it had4 ,an increased and more earnest attention to those things of which he spake was seen on the part of both ,dawson and his wife4 ,the mode of operation on their minds and hearts was different4 ,he reasoned--she felt4 ,with the almost unerring instinct of the female character she had reached her conclusions1 whilst her husband was deliberating with slower reason4 ,she felt that here was the something which was to fill that aching void in her heart1 which1 despite her ardent affection for her husband and children1 she had long felt there4 ,with her usual prompt determination she acted4 ,she communicated her resolves to her husband1 whose only reply was a warmer1 more fervent kiss than usual4 ,thus sanctioned by her husband1 in the early spring she made a public confession of her faith by joining in that communion a remembrance of a ,saviour's love from which she had before abstained4 ,let it not1 however1 be supposed that this was the result of sudden and hasty determination4 ,many and earnest were her communings with her own mind4 ,long and earnest had been her conversations with ,mr4 ,stapleton--attentive and careful her perusal of the sacred volume2 and when1 at last1 after frequent and fervent prayer to ,god1 for enlightenment and guidance1 she fully determined to pursue the path she had considered1 she felt her heart lightened of a load1 and the peace of mind which the world can neither give nor take away4 ,one care now oppressed her--one desire actuated her3 it was that her husband should also join with her in her new profession4 ,to obtain this end was now her constant aim4 ,fervently did she address her prayers to ,god for such a consummation4 ,earnest and loving were her conversations with him4 ,his head and his mind were 7she knew7 right2 but his heart had been untouched4 ,well she knew1 that for her sake he would do almost any thing--but for his own sake it was that the devoted wife1 leaning upon his arm as they sometimes rambled together1 or1 at other times1 with her hand resting in his pressed her gentle pleadings upon him4 ,she opened for him such passages of the sacred volume as she thought most suited for him1 and then1 not unfrequently1 retiring to the privacy of her own chamber would throw herself upon her knees1 and pour out all her full1 gushing soul to ,god in earnest prayer1 that he would touch the heart of her husband and bring him to ,him4 7,god answereth prayer47 ,nor were hers in vain2 and1 oh6 who could tell the unutterable joy of that fond heart when1 at last1 pressing her fondly to his heart1 he avowed his determination to join her1 on the following ,sunday1 in an open profession of his ,saviour before men1 adding-- 8,to you1 my own sweet wife1 ,i owe this change which has come upon me4 ,your gentle pleadings1 your fond prayers have opened this stubborn heart1 and prepared the way for the reception of those better things which were hereafter to be his40 8,not unto me1 dearest ,henry1 not unto me1 but unto ,god above be the praise4 ,too happy1 indeed1 am ,i1 if ,i have been the feeble instrument in ,his hands of your enlightenment40 ,close we the scene4 ,it would indeed be a privilege1 had we the ability1 to follow our heroine further4 ,never had she looked so lovely4 ,a heavenly radiance and serenity shone from her young brow4 ,her eyes wore a subdued and softened expression which rendered them even more attractive than of old4 ,and how was her care for her children heightened--not for their bodies only1 as formerly1 but now for their souls4 ,never afterward did either she or ,dawson cast a regretful glance backward1 for they felt that1 if they had lost the world1 they had gained ,heaven4 ,t4 ,r4 ,n4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,father ,,bromley',s ,,tale4 ,,by ,,william ,,albert ,,sutliffe4 8,i will tell you a tale10 said ,father ,bromley4 ,father ,bromley sat on the piazza of his cottage1 looking over the green breadth of lawn which stretched down to ,willow ,brook4 ,the sun had just gone down1 and the western sky1 still a-glow1 seemed--seen through the willows--like a splendid tissue--gold and green2 and the stream1 as it rolled1 might have been supposed to have its rise in that strange ,el ,dorado which filled our country's ancestral dreams4 ,on his right sat his daughter ,alice1 needing to be but a shade paler to be wrapped in a shroud1 and laid to her dreamless sleep with a white rose-bud pressed between her slender fingers1 and on his left his other daughter1 ,margaret1 fresh as a ,june rose at sunrise4 ,the father sat between them2 the very pattern of paternal grace and quiet benignity4 ,his worldly cares had been slight1 so his face had been left smooth1 full1 and sunny2 so sunny1 in fact1 that it appeared to have taken and retained the quintessence of every sunbeam which had fallen upon it4 ,but now1 like external nature1 it had a sort of twilight expression1 approaching to spirituality1 which would awaken in the beholder an abiding interest1 and lead him to pause and study ere he passed4 ,various circumstances conspired to this--the time1 the place1 and the proximity of his pale child1 propt up with pillows1 and almost as ethereal as a moonbeam4 ,for a long time they had been sitting in a deepening silence1 which neither wished to disturb2 and so absorbed were the two daughters with their own thoughts1 that the first words of the gray father fell upon unheeding ears4 8,i will tell you a story10 he repeated1 after a little pause1 and in a firmer tone4 ,slowly1 and with a sigh1 like one awakening from a pleasant dream to an unpleasant reality1 ,alice lifted the lids1 and upturned her eyes1 filled with a gathering dreaminess1 to the dawning love-look of her only parent4 ,those deep1 dark eyes1 they must have known many tears4 8,do let us hear it1 papa10 she murmured1 8but let it be in harmony with gathering stars and slanting moonbeams1 and let it have a true golden tinge from the sunset which lights up the gloaming40 8,and do let us hear it60 echoed ,margaret1 turning quite away from the moon1 which was just rising4 8,and of what shall it be80 asked ,father ,bromley1 as he looked inquiringly from one to the other4 8,o1 something that will please ,alice60 returned the sweet girl4 8,for who knows how many times we shall have it in our power to please her10 she thought but did not say1 for all of that household knew that sooner or later death would knock at their door4 ,there was a long pause1 and then ,alice said-- 8,let it be of the picture1 with the angel-face1 which hangs in the green parlor80 ,there must have been strange thoughts suggested by it1 for her face in the white moonshine grew a shade paler1 and her hands trembled a little1 as if nervously affected1 but no one noticed it4 ,there was another pause1 and then she continued1 as if to explain the reason of her wish-- 8,i have been reading to-day a beautiful poem1 in which a lovely lady died of a broken heart1 and her spirit nightly haunted her old home4 ,thinking on the sad tale1 ,i paused to weep1 and sat for a few moments with shut eyes4 ,when ,i opened them1 the first thing that ,i saw was the portrait1 and--will you believe it8--it had acquired a new sadness1 such as ,i never saw on a mortal face4 ,it seemed to be looking at me with an incomprehensible intensity of earnestness2 and1 as ,i still gazed1 a tear--,i saw it as plainly as ,i see the moon--started in the eyes1 and rolled down the face4 ,and then another1 and another10 she went on in higher tones1 as if trying to impress a burning truth on incredulous listeners1 8and all the while it looked at me so sadly--but not with pity1 and seemed so to invite me1 that ,i fancied that ,i heard the lips say--#8,come6' ,that was only fancy1 but1 as ,i live1 ,i saw it weep40 ,father ,bromley looked with deep and tender anxiety upon the pale face at his side4 ,he well knew of a report1 formerly current in the house1 to the effect that this same picture was seen to shed tears just before the death of any member of the family4 ,but this piece of information he restrained1 justly deeming it not pertinent for the occasion4 ,margaret looked anxious and perplexed1 but said nothing2 and the father1 after a little pause1 began--in a low voice--his tale4 ,let us listen1 dear reader1 seated attentively on the sward1 at the corner of the dim old mansion4 ,we may be as sceptical as we please1 since neither of us ever saw a strip of painted canvas1 in a gilt frame1 weep4 8,my great grandfather's second wife--for so far back his story was to date--was a strange1 bad woman4 ,there was no peace in her vicinity4 ,the estate had become involved1 and my great-grandfather1 knowing her to be possessed of some money1 married her4 ,but he always had cause to bitterly rue that day and hour which made her his4 ,he had two daughters--both sweet girls1 and she one son1 who had inherited all her bad qualities1 with an additional coarseness and ugliness of manner1 which she--if she possessed it--from superiority of education1 seldom showed4 ,her son1 whose name was ,andrew1 had that sensual perception of beauty which always marks vulgar natures1 and he had been but a short time in the family before he gave evidence of the impression which the beauty of the younger sister made upon him4 ,lisette1 from the first1 rejected his overtures1 and withdrew from his society to that of her elder sister as much as possible2 but ,andrew1 not heeding her contempt1 and abetted moreover by his mother1 still pressed his suit with all the pertinacity and regardlessness of feeling1 which characterize such semi-barbarous beings4 ,the persecuted girl sought her father's protection1 and he1 in giving it1 alienated from himself the spark of affection which the bosom of the step-mother might have known4 ,from that time she #8hated him with the hate of hell2' but1 with all the cunning of her perfidious heart1 she covered it with a smile4 ,she softened toward her step-daughters1 and1 by her open advice1 ,andrew discontinued the attentions which had made him so odious in their sight4 ,all was1 seemingly1 about to be harmonious and well again1 when the father suddenly sickened and died4 ,there were strange circumstances attending his death1 which made it to be as much talked of as an eighth wonder4 ,sturdy men put their bushy heads together1 and whispered mysteriously in corners1 and old dames--stooping over the few last embers on the hearth1 as the hours drew on toward the ghostly midnight--muttered to each other in underbreath1 starting ever and anon if the wind but wailed a little louder1 or flapped a clapboard which chanced to hang loose4 ,children whimpered if they were put to bed alone in the dark2 and young women1 in broad daylight1 would not go ten rods unattended over an unfrequented road4 ,dame ,burton had had1 for a long time before this1 an unfavorable reputation with a few1 and the assertions of this few were latterly gaining believers4 ,it was now currently reported that she was in the habit of going1 nightly1 to the ,devil's ,crag1 under which was a cave1 whose black recesses had never been seen by mortal eye4 ,it was furthermore reported1 that whenever any one approached it1 a dark vapor issued from its mouth1 in the midst of which were sometimes seen two fiery eyes1 and ominous voices also added to the fright of whomsoever might chance to be lost or stray in this vicinity4 8,the foundation for all this was the testimony of two superstitious woodmen2 who1 in plying their trade1 occasionally ventured into the vicinity1 and1 besides what has been here told1 one of them gave out--as a piece of definite information--that1 being one night belated in the neighborhood of the cave1 and coming toward home in great terror1 he suddenly heard the sound of rapid footsteps1 and pausing1 he saw ,dame ,burton come into an open spot not twelve feet from him4 ,suddenly there appeared a man as black as ebony at her side4 ,whence he came he could not tell1 but his identity was not to be mistaken4 8#8,why are you so late8' asked the dark personage4 8#8,mercy1 mercy6' cried the cringing dame1 piteously4 8,but mercy did not seem to be one of his component parts2 for1 seizing her roughly by the arm1 and rushing off with her like lightning through the dense underbrush1 he made directly for the cave1 leaving nothing but an overpowering smell of brimstone1 and a line of blue light1 pointing like a guide-board toward the place of rendezvous4 8,how the man ever got home he could not tell3 but it was not at all uncertain that he did get home1 and tell the tale here given to a thousand incredulous hearers4 8,father ,burton died and was laid with his fathers1 and ,esther and ,lisette wept together in their sorrow1 and arrayed themselves sadly in mourning weeds4 ,the suspicions of their neighbors never troubled them4 ,the thought that their step-mother could be to utterly depraved would have killed them at once1 had it entered their minds4 ,the father had not1 however1 been long gone to rest when they perceived a change in the mother and son4 ,the mother's face assumed a crafty and hag-like expression1 and the son's face seemed to have gotten a look of stupid cunning quite foreign to it4 ,except this1 for some time1 nothing was to be seen2 but soon matters took a more overt and decided turn1 ,andrew again renewed his odious attentions1 but with a confidence which he formerly lacked4 ,he was met with the same coldness as before1 to which was added an entreaty--coached in the most conciliatory language1 to the effect--that he would desist4 ,but coldness and entreaty were alike vain4 ,he still persisted1 and ,dame ,burton1 at last1 seconded his suit by commanding ,lisette1 in unequivocal terms1 to marry him4 8#8,i cannot6 ,i will not6' said ,lisette1 with a passionate burst of tears1 at the close of an interview in which the matter had been pressed upon her with more than ordinary vehemence and fiendish show of malignity4 8#8,cannot8 will not8' muttered the dame1 half to herself and half to her auditor1 accompanying the same with an impatient gesture1 and a laugh hissed through her closed teeth--#8we will see6 we will see6' 8#8,i beg to hear no more of this1' continued the persecuted girl1 #8or ,i shall expect our poor dead father to come in his shroud to defend me from such cruelty4' 8#8,thy poor dead father in his shroud6' echoed the step-mother4 #8,ah1 ha6 it was a good drug--a friendly drug1' she muttered on in an undertone1 #8a pleasant potion1 for a peevish child6' and then she laughed at her devilish wit4 #8,thy father sleeps well1 child4 ,did thy keen wit ever take exception at the friendly nursing which waited on him to the grave8' 8,lisette started1 and looked fearfully at her2 but1 recovering herself1 she proceeded to state her refusal more definitely4 8#8,i will took upon thy son as a brother1 but do not think ,i can ever do more4 ,why will he persist in asking what he has so often been told ,i cannot give8 ,we are dissimilar1 and ,i cannot love him--but ,i do not hate him4 ,i repeat1 ,i will continue to regard him as a brother1 but in any other light ,i cannot--ay1 ,i will not--look upon him6' 8,rising with the last words she would have passed from the room1 but she was detained4 8#8,dost love another8' queried the crone1 looking her full in the face4 8,the blood rushed to the young girl's cheeks4 8#8,ah6 ,i see6 ,i heard ,andrew tell of the young painter1 who--' 8,lisette's face was scarlet4 8#8,let me go6' she cried impatiently4 #8,have not ,i told thee that ,i will not marry thy son8' 8#8,but you will6 you shall6--you cannot escape me6 ,i will summon every fiend in hell to my aid6 ,i will torture thee to submission6--,i will melt thee in the crucible of my wrath6' 8,the last words were lost on the object of her anger1 and the dame stood with her arms akimbo1 and a peculiar exultation of expression1 such as a fiend1 conscious of his diabolical power might be supposed to wear4 8,lisette rushed to her room1 and threw herself1 half-fainting1 into the arms of her sister4 8#8,strange things at the ,burton house1 ,neighbor ,guernsey1' said ,widow ,hamersley1 as she lighted her pipe1 and1 having taken an initiatory whiff1 drew her chair toward the bright wood fire4 8,it was now ,autumn1 and the winds were growing colder day by day1 and the external aspect of ,nature more dreary4 8#8,yes1 yes1' returned she who was addressed4 #8,since ,mistress ,alton lost her two little children in ,marsden ,forest1 who were no doubt eaten of the wolves1 there has not been the like of it4 ,i pity poor ,esther1 who is left all alone with so ungracious a woman as ,dame ,burton4' 8#8,ay1 ay1 ,neighbor ,guernsey4 ,many a long year have ,i known this strange woman1 and ,i have yet to discover if there be any good thing in her4 ,and the dolt ,andrew is no better man a stupid beast4 ,it has been noised about1 that the step-mother has been trying to force the younger girl to marry him4 ,heaven knows what might happen if the poor child would not yield6' 8,here the widow puffed forth a volume of smoke as large as a small thunder-cloud1 and gazed knowingly among the embers4 8#8,and the young painter in the village1 they say1 is going distracted at her loss1' continued ,mistress ,guernsey1 not observing the drift of the other's remarks4 #8,he has been painting a portrait of her1 and now he has left all and gone off to search for her in the woods4' 8#8,small chance of his finding her1 ,neighbor ,guernsey1' answered the widow1 drily2 her remarks still tending in a direction which her companion did not perceive4 #8,it is no wolf of the forest which will have the pleasure of picking her bones4' 8#8,heaven grant it may be as you say6' was the reply1 referring to the last clause of the sentence1 whose ambiguity was unnoticed4 8#8,hast thou not heard tales about this dame8' asked the widow1 dropping her disguise and speaking more openly4 8#8,ay1 ay1 many a time and oft2 tales smacking of mystery and mischief1 which boded no good to ,dame ,burton4 ,they say she has unholy company o'nights in the wood4 ,but1 after all1 they were only tales about which ,i knew nothing certain4' 8#8,hast thou not1' continued the widow1 #8noticed a strange twinkle in her eyes1 a shrillness in her voice1 and that her hair is becoming coarse and grizzled8 ,what does this portend8' 8#8,alas6 ,i cannot tell1' replied ,mistress ,guernsey4 #8,there were strange hints when her good man died1 and now ,i bethink me that they might have been true1 and the remorse of the inner conscience might thus have developed itself outwardly4' 8,here there ensued a pause1 and the two sat awhile quietly listening to the hollow moaning of the wind among the trees of the old forest hard by4 ,superstition1 which always attends ignorance1 was a prominent point in the characters of both2 but more especially in that of the widow4 ,no doubt she heard demon voices in the wind wailing in the crannies1 and fancied the air filled with evil spirits1 hurrying like lightning upon their various errands of mischief4 ,when she spoke again her voice quivered1 and her frame shook as with an ague-fit4 8#8,i tell thee1 ,mistress ,guernsey1 ,i have seen--' said she1 at last1 her gaze fixed intently on vacancy4 8#8,seen what8' asked the other1 drawing closer1 and looking distrustfully into every corner of the room4 8#8,seen--' repeated the widow1 still looking into vacancy4 8#8,seen what8' repeated her auditor1 drawing still nearer1 and looking with still greater scrutiny into all the dark nooks of the apartment4 8,but the expected speech still hung half-way between conception and utterance1 as if some impalpable auditor were present1 who might convey the tale to the ears of the object of both her aversion and fear4 8,the sad moaning of the wind filled up the chasm in the conversation1 and the subtle influences of the place1 and their loneliness1 seemed to be rapidly gathering about the two lonely women4 ,the speech was still unspoken1 when the thread of the proceedings was broken short by the abrupt entrance of ,mistress ,hamersley's son4 ,whether or not the embryo disclosure might have embodied new and startling developments1 or only old statements re-hashed1 we cannot tell2 but1 certain it is that1 the vein of mystery was explored no further that night4 ,the son piled new fagots on the fire--the widow refilled and relighted her pipe1 and the conversation took a more cheerful turn1 and the place took again that air of rude pleasantness which belongs particularly to a farm-house-kitchen1 while the weird lady was1 for the moment1 forgotten4 8,as may have been gathered from the remarks in the preceding conversation1 ,lisette had disappeared1 lost1 it was supposed1 in the forest1 into which she sometimes strayed alone2 for1 as to superstition1 she had none of it1 and wild animals had mostly retired to a safe distance before the advance of civilization4 ,every possible means had been tried for her recovery1 seconded by apparently every effort of ,dame ,burton and her son4 ,they seemed inconsolable1 and some of those who looked upon her as a slandered person affirmed that she spent the nights for a week in weeping4 ,esther was now alone and friendless1 thrown entirely into the power of these protectors4 ,surmises and ill-boding opinions passed occasionally from mouth to mouth1 but never reached her ears4 ,she wept in silent sorrow away from all intercourse4 ,thus matters went on for some weeks1 until one night1 at dusk1 ,andrew was brought to his mother a corpse4 ,he had been accidentally shot in a hunting excursion4 ,her sorrow at this occurrence was real4 ,every other tie had been to her nothing1 while this had absorbed all her soul's capability of affection4 ,she had indulged him in every thing1 and had attempted to gratify his every wish4 ,now that he was gone1 all that she possessed was gone1 and all her thoughts and deeds glared upon her in all their malignity4 ,she had nothing now to take from herself those hell-hound thoughts which bred in her a bitter remorse4 ,one night she lay by his coffin--another by his grave1 and a third she would have spent thus1 but they led her away4 ,she yielded as pliantly as a child4 ,thenceforth1 she was completely broken down4 ,she could do nothing more1 and all day she sat like a fixture in the chimney-corner1 while all the house-affairs fell into ,esther's hands4 ,but1 at dusk1 the dame would be gone mysteriously for an hour4 ,esther never questioned concerning it1 nor cared2 but the ignorant neighbors whispered1 wondered1 surmised1 and told of strange things that happened at these times1 until it became so much a matter of course1 that nothing more could be said4 ,at the end of a year she married my grandfather ,bromley4 ,the portrait of the lost sister was taken from the painter's studio1 and hung in her room4 ,each succeeding year added a new balm to her wounds1 until they seemed so far back in the past1 that sometimes she would almost question with herself whether or not they had had actual existence4 8,thus twenty years of married life passed calmly and pleasantly4 ,sons and daughters were growing up around her in full bloom1 and all promised that the afternoon of her life should be peace4 ,dame ,burton had grown old and decrepit1 and bent nearly double4 ,her hair was white as snow1 and her face had a sort of blank1 passive expression1 except at times1 when her eyes would glow like half-extinguished coals1 and she would start as if some frightful object looked in upon her visions4 ,through all the long day she sat in the chimney-corner1 and never stirred until the bats wheeled in the dusk1 and the rude noises of day were displaced by a stillness1 so still that the bark of life might be said to move down the noiseless river of time with muffled oars4 8,one night1 in the early autumn1 my grandfather was gone1 and my grandmother was left alone with the family4 ,all were quietly at rest before she retired4 ,that day she had been laboring hard and was overwearied1 and now a strange restlessness and loneliness of feeling came across her4 ,it was just at the moonrise4 ,the moon came up looking red and angrily over the ripening fields1 glistening with dew1 near at hand1 the mill-pond still and large further off1 and the black and massive woods in the distance4 ,those weird influences were at work1 which incline every mind at times to retrospection4 ,and now1 as over a dim sea1 from a dim seen island1 came the memories of the past4 ,she saw1 as in a dream1 the mother of her childhood1 who pressed her childish hand in hers4 ,a few years past1 and she saw her die1 and felt the intense agony of that moment4 ,a few years more were gone1 and she saw the deathbed of her other parent1 and felt the keener and more enduring pain which maturer minds must feel4 ,still farther1 and she saw the sister-branch1 which had grown side by side with her upon the parental tree1 torn rudely away4 ,and now she could think no more4 ,it was too much pain4 ,turning from the window1 she hastily disrobed herself1 and dropped wearily upon the bed4 ,it was some time before slumber came1 and when it did come it brought a dream4 ,memory1 in the guise of a headless figure with a lantern1 seemed to lead her through all the past1 which was nothing more than a field covered with brambles and underbrush1 and filled with pitfalls into which she continually fell4 ,her flesh was torn and bloody2 but still she went on1 and on1 and on1 and still there was no end4 8,she might have slept thus nearly an hour1 when she became conscious that there was another presence in the room4 ,she stirred a little1 and the village-clock drowsily clanged to tell the midnight4 ,she opened her eyes4 ,the moon was far up1 and poured a flood of white light through the casement4 ,a tall1 attenuated figure1 in a long1 loose1 and tattered gown1 which showed ghostly white1 stooped over her4 8,the shape stood between the bed and the window1 and yet so ethereal was it1 that she seemed to see the casement1 the climbing moon1 and the white church spire1 as though nothing intervened4 ,but the face1 so ghastly white1 so thin with want and woe--cross-lined and interlined--and the eyes--so faded and expressionless1 she had never seen any thing like it4 7,here ,margaret pressed her father's arm1 and pointed to ,alice1 whose fingers were quivering like aspen-leaves--but he did not pause47 8,like two pictures on a wall1 her imagination placed the image of her lost sister beside this form1 so unlike in every particular4 ,the conclusion was irresistible4 ,it was her sister1 or--as her disturbed fancy would rather indicate--her ghostly representative4 ,overcome by her emotions she fainted1 and when she recovered1 the visitor was gone4 ,she lay quite still1 in her terror1 until the approach of dawn1 and then arising1 she dressed herself all in a tremor1 and prepared to descend4 ,all was still as death1 for it lacked a half-hour yet of sunrise4 ,she heard ,chanticleer's shrill cry without1 just as he emerged from his dormitory1 and she noticed a cricket's sharp voice within1 and even the tick of a death-watch in the wall fell distinctly on her ears4 ,a chill crept over her1 like the forerunner of some frightful calamity4 7,here ,margaret pressed the narrator's arm again1 but with the same success as before47 8,she crept1 rather than walked down the stairs1 and peeped through the kitchen door1 which stood ajar4 ,the eastern shutter was swung partially back1 and admitted a streak of the cold1 gray light of dawn1 which fell upon the features of the midnight visitor1 who sat erect at one side of the room4 ,she did not stir1 though ,esther1 staggering in her terror1 thrust the door back with considerable noise4 ,perfectly still she sat1 gazing1 as if in fright1 at the hideous face of old ,dame ,burton1 who sat a little more in the dusk1 regarding her attentively4 ,the old crone was inclined a little forward1 her shriveled lips separated in a grin1 and one lean finger threateningly raised in a gesture which said more than words4 ,neither spoke2 but1 cold1 still1 and pale1 they gazed at one another1 and then was felt around-- #8,a smell of clay1 a pale and icy glare ,and silence----'0 8,see1 see60 exclaimed ,margaret4 ,alice sat motionless1 with her head thrown slightly back1 and her face whiter than the moonbeams which fell upon it4 8,what is this80 asked ,father ,bromley4 8,it is ,death60 shrieked ,margaret4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,hours ,,in ,,august4 ,,by ,,mrs4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,thomas4 ,softly as the star-beam slideth ,from its halls of blue2 ,gently--gently as it glideth ,lily bells into-- ,and1 with kisses unimpassioned1 ,greets the vestal dew-- ,falls this mellow ,august sunlight1 ,darling6 upon you4 ,warmly through the bending branches1-- ,through the slumbrous air-- ,like a thought of joy it glances ,on thy forehead fair2 ,softly wreathing o'er the midnight ,of thy shining hair1 ,till the gleam of starry pinions ,seems to linger there4 ,sweetest eyes of softened splendor ,on me faintly beam2 ,lips most proud1 and yet most tender1 ,move as in a dream2 ,while our boat beneath the willows ,sleeps upon the stream-- ,moveless1 save its idle rocking ,in the golden gleam4 ,hours of faint and drowsy sweetness ',mid the silence go-- ,idle hours1 that care or fleetness ,scarcely seem to know2-- ,lightly rest6 nor dream thou1 darling1 ,of time's onward flow1 ,till1 upon yon wall of sapphire1 ,sunset banners glow4 ,then1 from out the brooding silence1 ,softly will we glide ,past the myriad happy islands ,sleeping on the tide2 ,home with joy6 though hours as golden ,long must be denied1 ,clasping thus their haunting sweetness ,naught we'll ask beside4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,annie4 ,,by ,d4 ,w4 ,,bartlett4 ,her brow is very beautiful-- ,the lily's spotless hue2 ,her eyes1 which ever follow me1 ,are heaven's own blue2 ,like rose-buds are her little lips1 ,her motions full of grace1 ,and spiritually clear and fair ,her innocent young face4 ,her smile is sunshine to my heart1 ,her silver voice a tune ,i always love to hear--her breath ,like that of flowers in ,june2 ,she is my first1 my only child1 ,and has no mother's love ,to gather closely round her heart-- ,she is in light above6 ,her snow-white arms are round my neck4 ,her lips my own do seek1 ,her curls of silken1 golden hair ,fall down upon my cheek2 ,i hear her voice and watch her eyes1 ,and whisper low--8above ,such voices fill the air--and there ,there be such eyes of love60 ,when trouble fills my aching breast ,and ,i am grief's sad prey1 ,her prattling lips and gentle glee ,drive all the gloom away2 ,she lays her head upon my heart ,and hushes every sigh3 ,i dare not think how cold the world ,would be if she should die6 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,useful ,,arts ,,in ,,other ,,nations ,,and ,,times4 ,,by ,,charles ,,williams4 ,for several centuries after the irruption of the ,barbarians and the fall of ,rome1 there are scarce any visible traces of the existence of those manufactures which attained so high a development in the old world4 ,this remark1 of course1 applies merely to ,europe1 for arts and refinement still continued uninjured in the ,eastern empire2 and thence1 on the revival of ,italian commerce1 the knowledge of many inventions and useful arts flowed westward4 ,in the ninth century1 the inhabitants of the cities in ,italy began to rebuild their ancient walls2 and the security conferred by fortified towns1 together with the union of their citizens for mutual defense1 soon caused a decided advance in the useful arts4 ,their progress was necessarily slow1 in consequence of many disturbing political and social evils4 ,we will give a few examples from an ancient historian#aa cited by ,muratori1 to show the condition of the most civilized country of ,europe in the former half of the thirteenth century4 ,he mentions the barbarous dress that still prevailed--that a man and his wife ate from the same plate--that one cup sufficed for the use of a whole family--that gold or silver were rarely or never seen for ornament in dress--that war was still the glory of the men4 ,but the more refined ecclesiastics even then contrived to gather luxuries around them1 brought by reviving commerce from the ,east4 ,and that at this age considerable display could be made on grand occasions1 will be well shown by the account given of the ,french soldiers and the procession on the entry of ,beatrice into ,naples1 ,a4 ,d4 #abff4 ,the writer above quoted says1 that 8all of them were tastefully dressed1 and wore beautiful plumes1 while their chiefs were notably adorned with large golden collars2 and the carriage of the queen covered with silken velvet1 dyed sky-blue1 and sprinkled with golden lilies40 ,carriages1 says the authority cited1 were very rare4 ,the 8many ladies of rank1 glittering with precious robes1 and sitting on their richly caparisoned1 ambling palfreys10 complete the view of a characteristic scene of the times4 ,it is impossible to read such descriptions without feeling in its full force the statement of ,hallam1 that the revival of commerce and arts must be dated much earlier than the thirteenth century4 ,one of the earliest movements in this revival is to be seen in the woolen manufactures of ,flanders1 which were so flourishing in the thirteenth century1 that a contemporary writer asserts 8that all the world was clothed with ,english wool wrought in ,flanders40 ,brabant and ,hainault were also the seat of the same manufacture2 and the fabrics woven in the factories of the ,netherlands were1 doubtless1 extensively diffused4 ,we need scarcely observe1 that the attainment of this perfection mast have been a work of some time4 ,cologne1 ,bruges1 ,ghent1 and ,antwerp became centres of manufactures and commerce2 whilst the origin of the ,hanseatic ,league gave a new impulse in the north to the progress of the useful arts4 ,in the early part of the fourteenth century a system of trading commenced between the north and south of ,europe2 and the free application to navigation of the discovery of the magnetic needle--a discovery made in ,europe about ,a4 ,d4 #abjj1 and long unapplied--vastly increased commercial intercourse1 and1 as a necessary consequence1 the home manufactures of nations4 ,the ,italian towns1 especially ,venice1 ,pisa1 and ,genoa1 first raised to importance by the ,crusades1 took a leading part in the general movement1 and became the channels through which the ,east poured her riches and the knowledge of her arts into ,europe4 ,the southern ,french provinces were not behindhand4 ,marseilles--where the spirit at commercial enterprise had never wholly died away--,narbonne1 ,nismes1 and ,montpellier1 were all distinguished for prosperity and growing wealth4 ,the invention of a system of banking1 which we find in operation so early as #adjj ,a4 ,d41 deserves to be mentioned1 as one of the most influential causes of the rapid growth which followed4 ,england1 indebted to her neighbors for the origin of so many of her manufactures1 entered the lists late1 though destined eventually to outstrip all competitors4 ,during the unsettled periods at which we have been glancing1 agriculture was1 of course1 neglected2 but toward the end of the thirteenth century we find that it has shared in the general revival1 and that the plains of ,lombardy present the appearance of one vast garden4 ,indeed1 the prospect of ,italy was then far more pleasing than that which there meets the traveler's eye in our own times4 ,a few words on the progress of the art of building4 ,the first ,gothic architecture--correctly so named--appears to have arisen from an imitation of ,roman remains1 and the combination therewith of rude barbaric notions4 ,the round arch still remained the predominant feature of construction2 and the less finished works of this period1 with their undeveloped style1 deserve the name of 8,gothic10 which is now generally restricted to the designation of them4 ,in the twelfth century1 however1 the introduction of the pointed arch marked a new era in the art of building1 and was the beginning of that skill and taste which produced the magnificent architectural monuments inherited by us from the middle ages4 ,clustered pillars1 carved mullions1 foliations1 and graceful tracery1 quickly followed the introduction of this new element2 and the union of strength with lightness1 of which the flying buttress affords a beautiful example1 was carried to as high a point of perfection as the material would allow4 ,to the introduction of the pointed arch ,venice may1 perhaps1 lay claim2 and the rise of her palaces amid the waters of the ,adriatic1 probably marked the origin of many other improvements in construction4 ,one of these1 which lies at the very root of modern skill in house building--we mean the framing of timber floors--may be assigned to her artificers4 ,houses were thenceforward built in stories1 and skill in this respect soon issued in domestic works1 which in utility and outward beauty surpassed the ancient dwellings4 ,these improvements were soon adopted elsewhere1 from the ninth and tenth centuries downward4 ,the ,moorish architecture1 introduced into ,europe by the ,arabian conquerors of ,spain1 early attained a high development4 ,one singular characteristic of this style1--the horse-shoe arch--must be specially mentioned1 as a new feature in construction2 and its shape was1 perhaps1 suggestive of the dome1 universal in the later ,mohammedan architecture4 ,slender pillars1 profuse decorations in painting1 mosaic1 and stucco1 with elaborate lattice and trellis-work1 and perforated battlements1 so intricate as to resemble network1 are the other points for remark in ,moorish buildings4 ,the polish and refinement of the ,saracens distinguished them wholly from the rude barbarians of the ,north4 ,they did not invade to destroy1 but to improve2 and so early was the development of their architecture1 that one of their most splendid remains1 the mosque at ,cordova1 was erected in the beginning of the ninth century--a period which could show nothing so beautiful elsewhere4 ,the celebrated ,alhambra--the palace of the ,moorish kings of ,granada--is some three centuries later1 and must be alluded to here as the highest development of the luxurious ,eastern style4 ,the perfect state in which parts of this celebrated ,moorish palace still remain1 is elegantly thus described by a modern writer1#ab in his notice of the 8,court of ,lions0 and the surrounding halls3--8,here the hand of time has fallen the lightest1 and the traces of ,moorish elegance and splendor exist in almost their original brilliancy4 ,earthquakes have shaken the foundations of this pile1 and rent its rudest towers2 yet1 see1 not one of those slender columns has been displaced--not an arch of that light and fragile colonnade has given way2 and all the fairy fretwork of these domes1 apparently as unsubstantial as the crystal fabrics of a morning's frost1 yet exist1 after the lapse of centuries1 almost as fresh as if from the hand of the ,moslem artist40 ,in following the course of invention and rediscovery during the middle ages1 and in subsequent times1 we see two main causes of the superiority of our own useful arts to those of the ancients--the extended application of mechanical and chemical science4 ,the discovery of the various problems in mechanics1 which paved the way for the multiplication of human force1 and the introduction of new motor powers1 occupied chiefly the latter half of the sixteenth and the seventeenth century4 ,the treatises of ,stevinus and ,galileo1 with the first dawnings of the discovery of the steam-engine1 appear to mark a new era1 and prepare the way for those wonderful applications of moving power which have changed the face of the manufacturing world4 ,the subsequent train of discovery is far too comprehensive for our limits1 and ends at length in that crowning development of machinery--the ,calculating ,machine of ,mr4 ,babbage4 ,we need only mention that1 by this extraordinary instrument1 some processes of numeric and algebraic calculation may be effected1 to an extent hitherto unattainable by mathematicians4 ,a short view of the progress of the art of clockmaking1 will well illustrate a gradual advance made in the application of mechanics to the uses of daily life4 ,striking clocks were known in ,italy probably as early as the end of the thirteenth century--one other strong proof that we must date the revival of arts much earlier than that period4 ,their existence becomes certain about the middle of the fourteenth2 probably at that period they were general4 ,these clocks were all moved by the action of weights2 and1 though furnished with balance regulators1 were still very inaccurate4 ,next followed the introduction of a spring as the moving power1 marking a new era in the art4 ,then came the age of mechanical discovery1 producing ,galileo's observation of the vibration of the pendulum in nearly equal times1 whether the spaces traveled through were large or small4 ,so valuable a discovery could not long remain dormant2 and we find1 accordingly1 that it was applied by the discoverer1 or1 in a better form1 by ,huyghens1 to the regulation of time-pieces by means of the pendulum4 ,the advance of chemical science soon showed a source of error in the unequal size of the pendulum1 caused by alternate expansion and contraction of the metal due to change of temperature4 ,this was remedied by the use of the jar filled with mercury as a pendulum2 and subsequently by the employment of a pendulum formed of different metals1 so arranged that their different expansions should mutually balance each other4 ,the mutual connection between the art of making clocks and the science of astronomy1 in which each has alternately borrowed and lent so much1 is an excellent illustration of the many points in which the useful arts are brought into contact with higher provinces4 ,the remaining improvements would fill volumes1 and we cannot pretend to enter more fully into them4 ,in our estimate of causes at work during the middle ages1 we must not forget that the alchemists exercised a very important influence4 ,their doctrine1 that all the metals are compounds of the constituent parts of gold mingled with baser matters1 which could be separated by the action of the philosopher's stone1 exercised eventually a powerful influence on the progress of arts4 ,the long and patient research of the 8adept0 after this magic agent for turning all it touched to gold1 though prompted by cupidity1 resulted in many chemical discoveries and adaptations1 and brought to light various useful products1 for which1 perhaps1 we might long have waited1 had not this strong motive been rooted in the minds of philosophers of the middle ages4 ,the invention of printing will be noticed elsewhere2 and the comparative state of the useful arts in ,europe may be estimated from their history in our own country4 ,it remains for us here to notice1 in a supplemental manner1 one or two branches of art which will not be elsewhere included4 ,by this means we shall better illustrate a subject into which we cannot pretend to enter fully4 ,in the preceding pages1 the use of silk by the ,greeks and ,romans has been merely glanced at1 because the tissues which they employed were strictly of foreign production4 ,we will now shortly notice a manufacture1 the history of which will illustrate many preceding remarks4 ,its origin must be assigned to ,china1 where it doubtless reached a highly perfect state1 before any other nations acquired an acquaintance with the mode of producing or working the raw material4 ,it is probable that silk-worms were reared in ,china1 and their cocoons extensively employed1 #bgjj years before the ,christian era4 ,the raw material subsequently was exported to ,persia1 ,tyre1 ,berytus1 and elsewhere1 till1 in our westward progress1 we find the island of ,cos receiving and manufacturing it4 ,in the ,augustan age silks were still rare1 even in ,rome1 the centre of all luxuries2 and so late as the third century it was deemed a display of wanton profusion for an emperor to dress entirely in silk4 ,in the sixth century1 some ,persian monks1 who had penetrated into ,china1 gained an acquaintance with the source whence silk is derived--a secret till then guarded with scrupulous care4 ,they brought back with them to ,constantinople a quantity of eggs enclosed in a hollow cane1 which produced 8the progenitors of all the generations of silk-worms which have since been reared in ,europe and the western parts of ,asia40 ,for nearly six hundred years1 ,constantinople and the territories of the ,greek empire continued to monopolize the production of silken fabrics2 till1 in the twelfth century1 the manufacture was introduced into ,sicily1 and thence successively into ,italy1 ,spain1 and ,france2 until1 finally1 it reached ,england4 ,the culture of the mulberry-tree was extensively introduced wherever the climate permitted4 ,bologna1 ,modena1 ,venice1 ,genoa1 and ,florence were all noted for their silk manufactures1 and produced silken tissues for the rest of ,europe2 till1 in the sixteenth century1 the rearing of the worm and the weaving of silk were introduced into ,lyons and the south of ,france1 since which period the ,french have acquired and maintained a superiority in this branch of the useful arts4 ,in this historical sketch we may observe many important points3--,first1 we see a manufacture in a stationary state of high perfection for thousands of years in the ,east2 then follows its slow progress westward during the ages of ,greece and ,rome2 next the loss to ,italy and ,europe of the bare knowledge of the material product1 on the fall of the ,roman empire2 then the revival and cultivation of the manufacture in the metropolis of the ,eastern empire2 succeeded by its introduction thence into ,sicily1 and a rapid improvement effected by the enterprise of ,italian cities2 till1 finally1 it spread wherever circumstances were favorable4 ,the account of any such manufacture well remembered1 is a kind of epitome of the history of the time through which we mark its progress4 ,to make the sketch true in all its parts we need only add1 that a ,frenchman invented a loom to make woven silks1 whose patterns rival the slow produce of ,eastern patience1 while ,england has shown her accustomed superiority in the effecting by machinery of all processes required antecedent to weaving4 ,we have mentioned the singular manner in which the ancient ,greek art of vase painting died away1 without apparent cause4 ,the reappearance of the same art early in the middle ages is due1 probably1 to the ,moors1 but whence derived by them1 or whether reinvented1 or how retained in the world during so many centuries1 are all curious questions4 ,but1 be this as it may1 the manufacture of porcelain vases1 where color and enamel were carried to high perfection1 with their arabesques1 heraldic devices1 portraits1 or landscapes1 and an endless variety of form1 whether grotesque or tasteful1 was much pursued in the fourteenth century4 ,the beautiful ,majolica vases1 of which one illustration will be found standing side by side with a characteristic ,moorish jar1 were part of a branch of manufacture which again perished in ,italy to revive elsewhere4 ,the two vases tell each an interesting story4 ,no one can glance for one moment at the ,moorish vessel1 with its singular shape and arabesque ornament1 without feeling that it is the monument of a people that stood alone4 ,as little can we regard the vase of ,majolica or ,raffaelle ware1 without the thought of that singular coincidence in things1 small as well as great1 between the ,italian republics and their ancient ,grecian counterparts4 ,a short epitome of the ,majolica manufacture is given as follows in a recent work3--8,small plates for ice and sweetmeats1 about a palm in diameter2 children's plates1 with paintings in the style of the ,festa di ,ballo2 nuptial vases with appropriate subjects2 vases for holding different kinds of wine1 poured out from one spout2 fiaschini1 or small flasks1 in the shape of lemons and apples2 cups covered with tendrils and other quaint devices2 small statues of saints2 jocose figures2 birds of every kind1 colored after nature2 painted tiles1 used for walls and floors1 many of them admirably executed1 show the great variety and excellence of this ware40#ac ,on the decay of the art in ,italy1 it was revived in other forms in ,france and ,germany4 ,the singular accidental discovery of the art of making the hard paste porcelain1 which1 till the beginning of the seventeenth century1 was confined to the ,east1 will furnish one instance of the many debts due to the alchemists4 ,a persecuted ,german1 named ,bttcher1 whilst prosecuting his forbidden researches for the philosopher's stone1 unexpectedly found that some of his crucibles assumed the appearance of ,oriental porcelain4 ,carefully noting the substances on which he had been experimenting1 he worked incessantly1 sometimes spending many days and nights1 without a moment's intermission1 by the side of his furnace1 till at length he perfected his knowledge of processes which originated the beautiful manufactures of ,dresden4 ,the secret spread through ,austria and ,france1 giving rise in the latter country to the celebrated ,svres china2 and the proscribed research in a forbidden mine terminated in the happy industry of thousands of workmen4 ,the progress of maritime discovery1 and the new impulse given thereby to commercial and industrial progress1 has been briefly noticed4 ,but while compelled by our narrow limits to pass by1 with a hasty word of mention1 the enterprise which raised the ,venetians and ,dutch to the rank of leading powers in ,europe1 and which conferred the treasures of ,africa and remotest ,india upon the ,portuguese nation1 the rise of the ,spanish power in the new world must be noticed more fully1 as opening a new and peculiar phase of civilization to our view4 ,the singular state of society among the ,aztec race at the period of the ,spanish conquest of ,mexico is doubly interesting1 from the striking contrast which it presented to any thing in the old world2 and from the fact that it shows us the highest point of a development1 the progress of which no traces remain to illustrate4 ,suddenly transported from the stirring scenes of martial enterprise and reviving industry of ,europe in the middle ages1 the steel-clad ,spaniard found himself among nations where the blindest and most abject superstition stood side by side with social refinement2 where the prevailing mildness of manners was no bar to the dreadful orgies of human sacrifice2 and where the busy industry of millions had been for ages raising the pyramid of art and science1 in complete isolation from their brethren of the old world4 ,various points of resemblance will be noticed by the reader between the arts of these ,american races and those of ancient ,egypt4 ,for instance1 the pyramidal temples found by the ,spaniards on their first invasion much resembled the ,egyptian structures1 in their form1 and were constructed of solid masses of earth encased with stone or brick facing4 ,they differed from ,egyptian pyramids in being higher proportionally to the size of the base4 ,they were ascended by external stairs1 and were arranged in several stories4 ,the area at the summit was surmounted by towers2--sanctuaries where the images of their gods were erected1 and where the horrid stone for human sacrifice stood1 close by the altars1 on which a never-dying fire was burning4 ,another point of close similarity between the ,aztecs and the ancient ,egyptians was seen in the employment of hieroglyphic writing1 or rather painting1 by both people4 ,their laws1 their annals1 their rituals1 and their business documents1 were all expressed by this rude representation of painted figures1 often gross caricatures in their execution4 8,their manuscripts were made of different materials--of cotton-cloth or skins nicely prepared2 of a composition of silk and gum2 but for the most part of a fine fabric from the leaves of the aloe40 ,a sort of paper was made from this1 resembling somewhat the ,egyptian papyrus1 which1 when properly dressed and polished1 is said to have been more soft and beautiful than parchment4 ,some of the specimens still existing exhibit their original freshness1 and the paintings on them retain their brilliancy of colors4 8,the large leaves were folded square like books1 or done up into a roll in the ancient manner4 ,the arrangement of the picture letters was horizontal or perpendicular1 and the reading in the former case probably from right to left40#ad ,the cultivation of the soil was skillfully pursued by the ,aztec people4 ,their irrigation1 farm buildings1 and agricultural processes1 were excellent2 while the large fields of maize1 the banana1 the cacao or chocolate plant1 the useful aloe1 the vanilla1 and a crowd of splendid garden plants1 furnished them with all necessaries and many luxuries on almost too easy terms4 ,a description of the uses of the aloe or agave plant1 from the pen of the eloquent author just cited1 is highly interesting3--8,its bruised leaves afforded a paste from which paper was manufactured2 its juice was fermented into an intoxicating beverage1 pulque1 of which the natives to this day are excessively fond2 its leaves further supplied an impenetrable thatch for the more humble dwelling2 thread1 of which coarse stuffs were made1 and strong cords1 were drawn from its tough and twisted fibres2 pins and needles were made of the thorns at the extremity of its leaves2 and the root1 when properly cooked1 was converted into a palatable and nutritious food4 ,the agave1 in short1 was meat1 drink1 clothing1 and writing materials for the ,aztec40#ae ,the ,mexicans were well acquainted with the usual mining operations for procuring gold1 silver1 lead1 and tin4 ,iron was unknown to them1 and we find bronze fulfilling a variety of uses1 just as among the ancient ,greeks and ,romans4 ,very perfect tools were made from this compound of tin and copper2 vessels of gold and silver were cast and chased1 some of them of an enormous size2 in the working of ornamental jewelry1 and in the cutting of precious stones1 their artificers highly excelled4 ,a hard mineral substance--obsidian1 furnished the material for their hardest tools--their axes1 knives1 razors1 and swords4 ,their sculpture still evidences skill in workmanship1 though the designs may be barbarous2 and the mechanical skill which could raise and transport so large a monument as a porphry stone of fifty tons weight1 without the aid of beasts of burden1 from a distance of many leagues1 cannot have been contemptible4 ,they employed utensils of lacquered wood or of earthenware1 and in the art of pottery were so advanced1 that it was said by a historical writer of ,europe1 8,there is no fictile vessel among ourselves which in skill of construction excels the vases formed by them40 ,and this1 too1 at a time when the fictile art was at a high pitch of excellence in ,europe4 ,cotton was raised abundantly in the suitable localities2 was woven into fabrics1 sometimes beautifully fine2 and these in turn made into a kind of armor by thickly quilting4 ,or it was interwoven with the 8delicate hair of rabbits and other animals1 which union produced a cloth of great warmth as well as beauty1 of a kind altogether original2 and on this they often laid a rich embroidery of birds1 flowers1 or some other fanciful device40#af ,the reader will remember the feather tapestry to which allusion has been made in the account of ,greek and ,roman art4 ,it is singular to turn after the lapse of centuries and find this fabric in a more perfect form1 and applied to an infinite variety of purposes1 among a newly-discovered people1 whose very existence was undreamt of by the ancient world4 ,the gaudy plumes of the tropical birds most naturally have suggested their employment for dress or ornament1 and the art of working them made so great progress as to have become a characteristic of the industry of the people4 ,tapestry and mantles of these materials could not be excelled1 in brilliancy of hue and softness to the touch1 by the most elaborate tissues of the loom4 ,the scenes which everywhere met the eyes of the ,spanish invader denoted a state of refinement and luxury1 in some points forcibly reminding us of counterparts in ,eastern life4 ,one main cause of this development was perhaps the singular contrast which ,mexican society offered to that of ,greece1 ,rome1 or modern monarchies1 in the fact that trade was not only honorable in itself1 but a pathway to high political dignity4 ,the list of articles given by ,mr4 ,prescott1 as the tributes paid to the royal revenue1 will furnish an epitome of many manufactures and products4 8,there were cotton dresses and mantles of featherwork exquisitely made2 ornamented armor2 vases and plates of gold2 gold dust1 bands1 and bracelets2 crystal1 gilt1 and varnished jars and goblets2 bells1 arms1 and utensils of copper2 reams of paper2 grain1 fruits1 copal1 amber1 cochineal1 cocoa1 wild animals and birds1 timber1 lime1 and mats40#ag ,the regularity of plan in the chief cities1 which so forcibly struck the eye of the ,spaniard2 the solid structures of stone1 often reared amid the waters of their lakes on a foundation of piles2 the vast temples before described2 aqueducts only second1 perhaps1 to those of ,rome or ,peru2 vast solid dykes1 and roads of masonry which vied in stability with those of ancient ,rome1 everywhere attested a high state of constructive skill2 while baths1 gardens1 canals covered with light craft1 and sculptures in an infinite variety of form1 generally grotesque1 may be added to the details already given of the results of ,mexican civilization4 ,there is nothing in the old world1 says ,mr4 ,stephens1 like the ruins of the cities of ,central ,america1 which he so completely explored4 ,the pyramidal structures are not complete in themselves like those of ,egypt4 ,they form parts of a whole1 have no cells in their interior1 and were mostly employed as the foundations for other buildings2 nor are the single stones1 used for images and ornaments1 to be compared in vastness of proportion to ,egyptian obelisks4 ,the conclusion arrived at by the writer above quoted is1 that in these cities we are presented with 8the spectacle of a people skilled in architecture1 sculpture1 and drawing1 and1 beyond doubt1 other more perishable arts1 and possessing the cultivation and refinement attendant upon these1 not derived from the old world1 but originating and growing up here1 without models or masters1 having a distinct1 separate1 independent existence2 like the plants and fruits of the soil1 indigenous40#ah ,these edifices were constructed probably by the people who occupied the country at the time of the ,spanish invasion1 not by earlier races2 and a short account of some of the more remarkable remains will be here added1 to complete the picture of civilization in the new world already presented to the reader4 ,the remains never reveal the existence of the true arch1 and herein are similar to most primitive architectural structures4 ,the substitute in use was1 to make the stones gradually overlap each other1 until they approached close together in the centre of the doorway or passage to be roofed1 when one more stone was added to complete the pointed arch thus formed4 ,of the various cities described by ,mr4 ,stephens1 we shall take ,copan as an example2 lying in one of the most fertile valleys in ,central ,america4 ,this city extended along the river ,copan for more than two miles4 ,the great feature in the remaining ruins is the vast temple1 which presents a line of survey of #bhff feet4 8,the front or river wall extends on a right line north and south #fbd feet1 and is from #fj to #ij feet in height4 ,it is made of cut stones1 from three to six feet in length1 and a foot and a half in breadth4 ,the other three sides consists of ranges of steps and pyramidal structures1 rising from #cj to #adj feet in height on the slope40 ,the numerous idol columns situated among the ruins of ,copan1 and elaborately sculptured into rude forms1 will be best understood from the drawing of one of the most celebrated1 which may be seen in the frontispiece to the work of ,mr4 ,stephens4 ,altars of great variety in form1 covered with sculptures and the mysterious hieroglyphic writing2 rectangular court-yards1 with ranges of steps ascending to raised terraces2 and the scattered remains of gigantic sculpture1 are the most striking features in the existing ruins4 ,the carvings in stone display almost a perfection in the mere manual art1 and show that the metallic substitutes for modern tools must have been excellent2 while the beautiful representations of dresses and ornaments contrast agreeably with those repulsive forms in which they chose to embody their ideas of divine beings4 ,the remains of a palace at ,palenque1 also of considerable size1 built of stone1 faced with stucco1 and painted in various bright colors1 display the proficiency of the ancient inhabitants in other branches of industry4 ,their cement and mortar are said to equal those found in ,roman remains2 stucco ornament was extensively employed2 and the hieroglyphics1 bas-reliefs1 and other ornamented sculptures are fully as remarkable as those of ,copan4 ,feather head-dresses2 ear-rings1 necklaces1 medallions1 bracelets1 and girdles are beautifully carved in stone1 as ornaments of the sculptured figure4 ,some bas-reliefs are in stucco1 but this is more common for borders and other minor ornaments4 ,the area of the building was inclosed by two parallel corridors1 surrounding it on all sides2 and the main feature was a large rectangular court-yard1 #hj feet long by #gj broad4 ,other court-yards of less size1 and a variety of apartments filled up the area4 ,did our space permit1 there could scarcely be a more pleasing task than to follow the wanderings of ,mr4 ,stephens among the ruined cities of ,yucatan1 of which he has discovered no less than forty-four2 but enough has been said to show the skill of the ancient inhabitants1 the monuments of which excited such lively wonder in the breasts of the ,spaniards4 ,it would1 doubtless1 be interesting to carry our view southward into the region of ,peru1 and to describe the monuments of a civilization on a par with that of the ,aztecs1 though apparently unconnected therewith in its origin4 ,the immense extent of many ,peruvian works2 their roads1 sometimes nearly #bjjj miles in length1 and constructed of masonry equally solid with any remains of antiquity2 their subterranean aqueducts for the irrigation of dry lands1 extending for hundreds of miles2 their edifices of porphyry1 granite1 or brick1 all displayed skill in the useful arts concurrent with that of the ancient ,mexicans4 ,in some points they were even superior1 for while the ,aztec race passed to the agricultural mode of life without gaining any acquaintance with the utility of domestic animals1 or the economy of pastoral subsistence2 on the contrary1 we find that the ,peruvians were masters of immense flocks of llamas1 alpacas1 and two other varieties of sheep1 which furnished them with valuable supplies of fine wool for clothing1 and with flesh for food4 ,a description of the manufactures and arts of the ,peruvians would be so closely similar in its details to that already given of the ,aztecs1 that we may here dismiss the subject with this remark--that the former were superior to their northern neighbors in the designing and construction of public works of importance1 but far inferior to them in the art of expressing their thoughts by signs1 and generally in intellectual acquirement4 ,the curious arrangement of knotted cords1 by which the ,peruvians recorded events1 is1 perhaps1 among the most rude of all barbarous inventions4 ,curiously enough1 similar knotted cords1 in modern times1 have been used as alphabet and books for the blind4 ,when1 from the busy scene of ,european revival and progress1 of which we have remarked a few features1 we turn our view to the nations of the ,east1 how strikingly contrasted is the prospect6 ,instead of the turmoil of change1 the hurry after new inventions1 the disuse of old customs and processes1 we see the life of art to be one steady1 even tenor4 ,it seems almost as if a law had been laid down in the very nature of the inhabitant of those climes--8,thus far shalt thou go1 and no farther40 ,he appears to have reached a point of perfection in many manufactures1 in times so early that their history is fabulous2 and to have scarcely improved his position during the lapse of thousands of years4 ,this singular want of advance beyond a certain point1 together with many peculiarities in the industrial condition of the ,chinese1 combine to render a notice of this curious people indispensable to the present article4 8,time10 says the writer in the 8,encyclopdia ,britannica10 8may be said to stand still in ,china40 ,half-burnt bricks1 mud1 clay1 and wood still continue to be the ordinary materials of their architecture1 as they were three thousand years ago4 ,the case is precisely the same with the minor points of dress and fashion4 ,there a young lady may safely wear the head-dress of her great grandmother1 without the imputation of being singular or old-fashioned4 ,their buildings are singularly monotonous in form and plan--the thatched hut of the meanest peasant1 with its walls of mud1 is scarcely lower in point of design than the palace of the viceroy4 ,their houses are low1 furnished with overhanging roofs1 uninterrupted by a single chimney2 their windows are fitted with poor substitutes for glass1 in the shape of oiled paper1 gauze1 or a transparent shell2 the houses of a town are crowded together1 and with the flag-staffs and ornamental streamers produce quite a camp-like effect4 ,but the gaudy decoration of their shops--the brilliancy of their painted lanterns--the bustle and confusion of traffic1 and the hilarity of the motley crowd would soon undeceive the spectator1 and convince him that he is anywhere but in the seat of war4 ,the domestic furniture--the couches1 the stoves1 the china vessels1 the painted fans1 and cabinets1 and the beautiful materials for dress--bespeak a great deal of comfort1 though they may display but little taste4 ,four points are said to be peculiarly characteristic of the ,chinese1 as compared with other ,oriental nations--8they sit on chairs1 eat off tables1 burn wax candles1 and cover the whole body with clothing40 ,but many others place them in a position enviable when compared with that of their neighbors4 ,the internal communication in their country is admirably provided for by the numerous canals which everywhere intersect the whole empire1 and unite their large navigable rivers into one vast network for traffic4 ,these canals are crowded by barges1 varying with the size and depth of the channel2 some of them worked by paddle-wheels1 moved by machinery1 and well fitted up for the conveyance of passengers or goods4 ,in fact1 traveling in ,china is quite luxurious1 though not very speedy4 ,the voyager makes a home of his boat for the time being1 and lives as comfortably as in his own house4 ,there is but little road-traveling or land-carriage in the ,celestial ,empire4 ,the ,chinese1 with all their defects1 contrive to produce some articles superior to the counterparts of ,european manufacture4 ,their vermilion1 prepared from the same cinnabar which we ourselves employ1 is far brighter than ours2 the blue colors on their china are more perfect2 while1 in the ingenious carving of ivory into fans1 pagodas1 or nested balls1 no other artists can vie with them4 ,their large horn lanterns are inimitable2 their gongs cannot be made in ,europe1 though we know the metal2 their silver filagree work1 lacquered cabinets1 engraved stones and gems1 are all works of great skill4 ,in the productions of the loom they are scarcely equalled by ,french manufacturers2 their silks1 satins1 embroidery and tassels are unsurpassed2 while in the variety of their spices and perfumes1 and the excellence of their paper1 ink and printing1 they may challenge the world4 ,and yet the old customs of primitive times--the domestic weaving and dyeing1 still continue the same as in those days when the beautiful tissues found their way into ,greek and ,roman houses4 ,but1 while praising the excellence of their works1 we only allude to the finished product--the process is generally primitive1 the tools are simple1 and the artificer almost unassisted by machinery4 ,their agriculture has been over-praised--their plows hardly merit the name--they have no succession of crops--simple rice is the staff of life1 and their only claim to superior merit appears to be in the general practice of irrigation4 ,the white mulberry-tree is grown in vast quantities to supply the silk-worm with food1 and in the middle provinces large fields of cotton and patches of indigo are frequent4 ,the tea-plant is cultivated extensively1 only in particular provinces1 but grows every where in gardens and inclosures4 ,the leaves are gathered from the middle of ,april to the middle of ,may1 and are exposed to heat in iron pans4 ,a high temperature produces the black-teas2 while the leaves exposed to less heat form the green teas4 ,the berry of the tea-plant affords a fine oil for the table4 ,tobacco is in universal cultivation and use4 ,a curious feature in the ,chinese character is visible in their import trade4 ,so rigidly exclusive are they1 that nearly all foreign produce must be imported in ,chinese ships2 and further1 the great bulk of such imports is collected by colonies of ,chinese1 who reside in the countries furnishing the supply1 and retain their utter isolation even in the midst of foreigners4 ,these imports are considerable1 and some of them curious4 ,they are thus enumerated3 8,from ,java alone they import birds' nests to the value of half a million dollars annually2 the sea-slug 7,holothuria7 from the coast of ,new ,holland1 ,timor1 and adjoining islands1 to a still greater extent2 sharks' fins from the same quarter2 copper from ,japan1 and tin from ,bantam2 pepper1 areca-nut1 spices of different kinds1 ebony1 sandal-wood1 red-wood for dyeing1 tortoise-shell1 pearl-shell1 coral1 camphor1 wax1 and a variety of articles generally produced or collected by their own countrymen resident in the islands of the ,east40#ai ,in returning homeward from the distant regions of the ,celestial ,empire1 could we but pause for a short time to survey the vast continent of ,hindstan1 we should find ample materials for description and comment4 ,we should behold a country destined by the bountiful gifts of nature to be the inexhaustible source of wealth and luxury through all time1 yet still itself in the infancy of development4 ,we should see again the characteristic ,eastern skill and patience1 which1 without the aid of machinery and the mighty assistance of the division of labor1 can rival1 in the beauty of their products1 the most finished works of ,european art4 ,and we should look forward with hope and trust to a time when the universal introduction of our own arts and civilisation shall confer on ,india treasures more vast than her richest mines of diamonds or gold4 ,but we must now close this article with a brief summary of the few points which it has been our endeavor to illustrate4 ,we see1 then1 the arts of the ,western ,empire trodden down and lost to view during the ages of northern invasion1 but preserved by the feeble successor of the ,queen of ,nations in the ,east4 ,we see during the same period the mighty torrent of ,moslem conquest1 bearing with it the science and arts of the ,east1 and implanting them in the heart of a conquered nation in ,europe2 whence1 during centuries1 they diffused themselves through various channels1 connecting the empire of the polished ,arab with the ruder ,gothic nations4 ,concurrently with this ,arabian influence in its later periods1 we see the steady and ever-increasing tide of knowledge flowing from ,constantinople to ,italy and the rest of ,europe4 ,then comes the period of general revival1 and the northern nations wake to life4 ,the progress of science and the union of nations call into existence numberless fountains of knowledge1 gathering their waters into one mighty stream1 that flows on to our own times--an unbroken1 resistless river1 ever swelling with new and innumerable tributaries4 ,but the new spirit awakened in ,europe does not rest there4 ,it carries her inhabitants forth to the uttermost bounds of the earth4 ,a new world receives them with its singular picture of manners and arts2 and while the newly-found nations perish under the ruthless cruelty of the invaders1 their country sends back invaluable products to influence the progress of ,european arts4 ,the progress of these arts1 and the mighty inventions of modern times1 belong1 as we have said1 to another article2 it has been our care1 therefore1 to select from the ,east one example of the unbroken tenor of her industrial life--the antiquity and stability of her arts4 ----- #aa ,ricobaldus ,ferrariensis1 ,murat4 ,diss4 #bc4 #ab ,washington ,irving1 8,tales of the ,alhambra40 #ac ,murryat on ,pottery1 p4 #ai4 #ad ,prescott's 8,conquest of ,mexico40 #ae ,ibid4 p4 #abc4 #af 8,conquest of ,mexico10 vol4 i4 p4 #acj4 #ag ,ibid4 p4 #cf4 #ah ,stephens' 8,central ,america10 vol4 ii4 p4 #ddb4 #ai ,encyc4 ,britann41 art4 ,china4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,blind ,,sight-,,seeing4 ,,from ,,household ,,words4 ,it was traveling on the railroad from ,orleans to ,amboise1 that ,i first met ,monsieur and ,madame ,faye1 who were returning from ,paris to ,tours4 ,there was a little battle1 just as the train was starting1 in consequence of late comers4 ,the only wonder is how any ,frenchman manages ever to be ready1 considering the immense amount of talk and leave-taking which seem a part of their existence--and ,i1 amongst others1 put out my hand to help in an apparently infirm man1 whose agitation seemed to prevent him from knowing where to take his seat4 ,i pointed to that next to me1 pulling his coat to force him into it1 that we might not all be inconvenienced by his lingering4 ,he bowed and smiled1 and continued to talk to a female who followed him2 and who began to stow away numerous baskets and bundles which she was tightly embracing1 thanking us1 all the time1 for our politeness to her husband4 ,in a few seconds they were stashed1 and we then had leisure to remark the appearance of the new travelers4 ,the gentleman was rather past middle age1 good-looking1 neatly dressed4 ,he had a cheerful1 pleasant countenance and soft1 mild eyes1 which he directed toward those to whom he spoke1 although we afterward found they possessed no speculation4 ,the lady was any thing but tidy in her style2 indeed1 so much the reverse as to be surprising in a ,frenchwoman2 but her story1 when it was told me at our next meeting at ,tours1 explained the peculiarities which made her at first an object of somewhat disrespectful observation4 ,we soon became good friends4 ,monsieur ,faye was blind1 and had been so from childhood4 ,his cousin1 ,mathurine1 had proposed for him when they were both about five-and-twenty1 and had1 from that time1 devoted her whole life to attend on him4 8,i should not10 she said1 8have asked him2 but that my brother1 who required my services because of his lameness1 determined just then to marry2 and1 therefore1 as ,i had a substitute with him1 and poor dear ,hector here was too modest to ask me1 what else was to be done80 ,i found1 on further acquaintance1 that ,hector was a remarkable personage1 in his way3 a bit of a musician1 a philosopher1 an antiquary1 and a great reader of1 or rather listener to1 history2 for it was his little1 lively1 untiring wife1 who read to him from morning till night2 and sometimes1 when he could not sleep1 from night till morning4 ,i found ,mathurine incessantly occupied with the well-being of ,hector4 ,she might have been pretty at the period of their union1 probably some twenty years before2 but her small1 slight figure was rather awry1 in consequence of having1 for so long a time1 served as a prop to her tall husband1 who always leant on her shoulder as he walked4 ,she seemed indeed altogether out of the perpendicular2 her bonnet never sat straight1 owning to its being pushed aside by his arm2 her shawl had the end any where but in the middle2 her gloves were generally ragged at the fingers1 while ,i observed that his were carefully repaired--it being evident that my friends were obliged to practice economy2 her shoes were shabby1 with the strings often untied4 8,what would you have80 she once remarked laughingly4 8,i have no time to attend to these trifles2 which1 after all1 don't signify2 for ,i am not a coquette1 and he does not see me4 ,i catch up the first thing that comes to hand1 and he fancies ,i am quite a belle40 ,hector had the strangest voice ,i ever heard2 it would begin contralto and run up to alto in an incredible manner when he was excited2 and then fall down again to the gruffest bass1 his little brisk wife's treble accompanying so as1 as she imagined1 to soften the sharp effects he produced4 ,she had managed to learn several languages1 in order to read to him the authors he admired in the original2 and odd enough her versions were2 but1 as he perfectly comprehended the jargon they had studied together1 her plan succeeded admirably4 ,amongst ,monsieur ,faye's peculiarities was that of being an inveterate sight-seer4 ,there was no object of interest near the places he visited that he had not1 as he said1 seen2 and no sooner did he hear a description of a castle or a cathedral than he became restless to make its acquaintance4 ,i happened one day to speak of having1 in former years1 gone to the strange old castle of ,loches1 about thirty miles from ,tours2 and struck instantly with his usual desire for exploring1 he proposed a journey to the spot1 inviting me to be his guest and guide4 ,i have always observed that the ,french1 although by no means what we call rich1 are very generous1 according to their means1 and if they cannot do a thing in grand style1 they do it equally well on a small scale4 ,hector had long wished to give a treat to his hostess and her family1 and this he felt was a good opportunity4 ,our party1 therefore1 was formed of ,madame ,tricot1 a black-eyed little widow2 her sister ,euphrosine and her young lover the militaire--just arrived on leave to visit his betrothed--and ,achille1 the widow's eldest son2 a sharp boy of thirteen1 distinguished by his half-military college uniform1 more perhaps than by the progress he was making in those studies which ,madame ,tricot felt sure would lead him to immortality2 and which she herself superintended with unwearied zeal1 forcing her refractory pupil to rise before daybreak every morning1 and repeat his ,greek and ,latin lessons to her previous to school hours1 although1 when ,i questioned her with surprised awe1 she replied by saying with a knowing nod3 8,no1 no1 ,i do not understand all this2 but ,achille imagines ,i do2 and1 at all events1 he is obliged by this means to learn his lessons4 ,they are very severe at college1 and he is such a gamin60 ,as ,i had seldom seen ,achille occupied1 in his leisure hours1 in the absence of his mamma1 in any other way than teazing a peculiarly uproarious parrot1 whose discordant shrieks regularly awoke me from early slumber1 ,i could easily believe that some difficulties lay in the way of the future hero's advancement1 had he been left entirely to his own plan of pursuing knowledge4 ,seven persons1 large and small1 besides the driver1 one fine ,october morning1 filled the large rumbling vehicle which ,madame ,faye had engaged for our expedition to the old ruined castle of ,loches2 and very merry we all were as we saw the baskets of eatables stuffed under the seats1 and wedged ourselves inside and out preparatory to setting forth1 which we did at last in the midst of a shower of precautionary words from ,madame ,tricot1 sent after the two staring1 laughing1 rosy-cheek maids who stood helping1 and enjoying our prospect of a fte1 and flirting with our smart driver up to the very last moment4 ,at length we rattled away along the leafy avenue of the ,boulevard ,heurteloup1 at ,tours1 and were soon on the long level road which conducts to the old town1 which we made our goal4 ,situated just at the entrance of the luxuriant garden of ,touraine2 full to overflowing of grapes and melons1 and plums and peaches1 of incredible size2 on the banks of the river ,indre1 7here spanned by several pretty bridges17 rises the craggy hill1 on the sides of which was built1 at a period too remote to be ascertained even by a hand-book1 the rugged1 stony1 impassable1 confused1 fossil-looking town1 crowned at its extreme summit by the grimmest1 strangest1 oldest1 and most inexplicably constructed castle that exists in ,france4 ,probably its like would be sought in vain in ,europe4 ,such another series of towers1 and spires1 and long and high walls1 terraces1 battlements1 stair-cases1 and dungeons1 was never brought together by the hand of man4 ,the castle was constructed by order of a certain ,count of ,anjou1 named ,foulques ,nera1 to become--long after his valorous fame had passed away1 or had merged into the reputation of an ogre--a ponderous plaything4 ,the inn where our party stopped at ,loches1 is very characteristic of the place2 for it is1 though modernized and beautified outwardly1 a maze of galleries1 and corridors1 and turrets1 and secret stair-cases1 and rooms with vaulted ceilings1 so that the world of the present day seems shut out the moment the faade is lost sight of4 ,it had an odd effect in such a place to see smart handmaids flitting about1 and a chattering hostess coming out to welcome guests to her antique dwelling1 which has all the trouble in the world to look young and inviting1 in spite of the paint and frippery in which ,french taste has striven to disguise its feudal reality4 ,we very soon arranged ourselves and our repast 7with but little addition from the larder of our nevertheless civil hostess7 on a sort of platform1 on the walls of what is now a terrace1 and was once no doubt a war-like spot1 where if people 8drank the red wine10 it was probably 8through the helmet barred40 ,the hostess merrily uncorked our bottles of ,loire wine1 observing candidly that it was much better than her cellars produced2 and1 addressing herself to me1 adroitly began a eulogy on the character of the ,english in general1 remarking1 that it was astonishing how many of my countrymen made her hotel their home for six months together4 ,a ramble through the streets showed us that it was market day at ,loches4 ,from the lower range of rugged walls to the rocky summit where the castle toppled over--comprising the narrow1 high street1 which ascends through the whole length1 winding and twisting like a snake pursued--was one mass of vegetables1 fruit1 and flowers1 whose bright hues1 and the gay colors of the vendors' dresses1 contrasted strangely with the lofty houses with overhanging roofs1 frowning down on the groups that dared to disturb the solemn gloom which had been theirs for centuries4 ,monsieur ,faye stopped every moment to talk to the market-women1 to cheapen melons1 and to accept bouquets from girls whose bright eyes he praised4 ,on he went1 chuckling that his defective sight had not been discovered3 his little wife winking to us meantime with an air of entire satisfaction4 ,madame ,tricot endeavored to excite ,achille to study the guide pittoresque and make himself acquainted with the notable objects of the place4 ,the lovers1 who had doubtless much zeal in the same cause1 proposed to him that they should all three mount the hill at a quick pace1 and find out the points of view ready for us on arrival at the top4 ,by a curious chance we never managed to find the couple again until our return2 and ,achille reported that he had not seen them since he observed them to have 8joined their heads0 over the tomb of ,agnes ,sorel1 the chief lion of the spot4 ,it seems that ,charles the ,seventh came to ,loches to hunt1 when he was visited by the disconsolate wife of the troubadour ,king ,ren1 of ,anjou1 who came to solicit his aid in favor of her imprisoned husband4 ,agnes was in her train--one of those dangerous maids of honor whose eyes have done such fatal mischief to the susceptible hearts of incautious monarchs--but when the duchess quitted ,loches1 her beautiful companion accompanied her not1 she remained in the service of ,mary d',anjou1 the wife of ,charles the ,seventh4 ,it would be curious to know in what chamber of this wild old castle the love tale was first told which has furnished ,france with a ceaseless romance4 ,all that remains of ,agnes now is her white marble tomb1 on which she lies with her hands clasped on bare breast1 her beautiful1 delicate1 and expressive head guarded by two winged kneeling cherubs1 and her draperied feet supported by two lambs4 ,the tomb3 is in perfect preservation1 and is one of the most exquisite morceaux in ,france4 ,agnes was the chtelaine of the castle1 and loved to live here above all other places1 although the munificence of her lover gave her the choice of several abodes4 ,here1 it is said that the ill-nurtured ,prince ,dauphin1 afterward ,louis the ,eleventh1 performed an act very much in conformity with his usual brutality4 ,in one of these saloons he struck the beautiful favorite of his father2 but he who could beat his own chosen little effigy of the ,virgin ,mary1 because she refused some of his requests1 might well begin his career by an outrage like this4 ,happy1 no doubt1 were both the angry beauty and her royal lover1 when they saw the last drawbridge of the castle of ,loches fall and shut out forever from their presence the gloomy prince1 who disapproved of their luxuries1 and who spurred his steed onward1 nor stopped till he had reached the dominions of the ,duke of ,burgundy4 ,louis came back eventually1 however1 to these walls1 and either late repentance or a sense of justice caused him to respect the tomb of ,agnes1 which he refused to let the monks of ,loches remove4 ,monsieur ,faye was very anxious to ascertain--for he was rather a phrenologist--the form of the celebrated beauty's head1 and felt it through the bars which protect the lovely marble statue to his heart's content1 discovering bumps which would have disclosed the whole of her character1 had history been silent on the subject4 ,there was1 besides1 not a cornice nor a balustrade in the building that he did not feel2 his hand being guided by that of ,mathurine4 ,i was amazed at the accuracy of his notions of the places we inspected2 and more so at the unwearied patience of his guide1 who had no enjoyment which he did not feel1 and who had acquired a habit of description so accurate that ,i felt at last inclined to let her see for the whole party4 ,the towers of the castle rise above a hundred and fifty feet from the gigantic rock upon which they are built4 ,some of them appear light and graceful at a distance1 although really massive4 ,the castle is divided into two unequal portions3 in one is a huge church1 the spires of which peer up between enclosing turrets in a way quite original2 the other is chiefly composed of a huge tower1 which looks like the spiteful ogre of a fairy tale1 bending over a mountain and watching to snap up unwary knights or merchants who ventured near his stronghold4 ,century after century this grim old place has been the abode of personages famous in the romance of history4 ,joan of ,arc came here on a visit2 ,anne of ,brittany and her two husbands made it their favorite abode1 and her oratory still exists1 covered with ermine spots and cordelires in stone1 which incrust the walls1 and were very sensible to the touch of my blind friend4 ,mary ,stuart here tuned her lute2 and here1 several ages before1 our ,john ,lackland feasted and reveled2 here ,philip ,augustus came to receive the castle as a bribe for the assistance he was to render him against ,cur de ,lion1 who afterward besieged and took it4 ,here ,jean of ,france resided1 before the great battle which sent him the prisoner of the ,black ,prince to ,england1 and in the fine ,lady ,chapel--whose delicate columns ,monsieur ,faye felt with his hands--was instituted a perpetual mass for the souls of the identical ,king ,john of ,france1 and all the kings and dukes that had preceded him here4 ,here ,francis the ,first and the fair and inappropriately named ,diana1 lived and loved a great part of their hours away4 ,when one sees the dark1 dreary1 gloomy1 rugged walls1 it is difficult to fancy ,loches a dwelling for beauty and love2 and it would require loads of bright tapestry and gilt furniture to fill up the black and blank nooks which yawn on all sides4 ,in these chambers1 however1 once all was revel and luxury1 as the court of the profligate ,medici could testify3 and the be-puffed and be-hooped ladies1 and the be-slashed and be-jeweled lords1 danced many a branle and pavane over the dungeons1 where howled and groaned the victims of their tyranny and cruel luxury4 ,it is said that one of the towers descends as deep into the earth as it rises above it1 and terrible are the approaches to these frightful spots4 ,a tradition exists that one of the later governors of the castle1 being curious to know the extent of these gloomy places1 set forth one day on an exploring expedition1 and found several passages closed by iron doors3 these he had forced open1 and found himself in new passages1 cut in the depth of the rock on which the castle is built4 ,another door arrested his progress1 which was also broken open1 and he entered a long alley1 still in the rock1 which he followed for a considerable time1 till at length it led him to a subterraneous chamber1 where1 seated on a huge block of stone1 with his head leaning on his two hands1 sat a very tall man4 ,monsieur de ,pontbrillant1 the enterprising governor1 was amazed at this vision2 but1 scarcely had he looked upon it1 when the current of air striking the figure1 it fell away into dust at his feet4 ,beside the unfortunate prisoner stood a small wooden coffer1 in which still remained several articles of linen1 very fine1 and carefully folded4 ,the skull and bones of this corpse were long shown at the castle1 and were looked upon with awe by those to whom this story was related3 but who the prisoner was was never known4 ,in more than one of the old castles of ,france are still to be traced these horrid dungeons1 where captives of all ranks were confined immediately beneath the pleasure chambers of the lords and ladies4 ,the governor of ,loches was always a very great man1 which1 perhaps1 accounted for the fact of our having to wait a long time for the keys of the great tower1 which a messenger had gone in search of at the present governor's lodgings4 ,while we waited in an outer court1 we were civilly invited by the portress to walk into her parlor1 and there we sat some time talking to her1 and hearing the gossip of the place4 ,beside the large fire-place1 guarded from the draught of the open door by a huge wooden screen1 sat the grandmother of the establishment--generally a cherished member of the humblest family circle in ,france--who1 old as she seemed1 got up and made us a reverence1 resuming her cosy seat by the fire1 which was directly piled with enormous pine cones and sent up a resinous flame1 the perfume of which spread through the room4 ,monsieur ,faye was placed near her1 and as she went on with her ceaseless knitting1 she was soon busy in cheerful converse with her new acquaintance1 while ,i was listening to a history of a lately escaped convict from this apparently secure retreat3 the castle being the country prison4 8,you see10 said the portress1 8you would not have been obliged to wait so long for the keys but for this3 we used1 till three days ago1 to keep them here1 but since that event they are sent up to the governor's house1 and my husband1 the guide1 who shows you over the dungeons1 is obliged to go and get them--but he will soon be back40 8,do they keep prisoners in the dungeons now-a-days80 ,i asked4 ,i was told that the escaped culprit1 who had robbed a hen-roost1 had been put in a room above the dungeons--of which there are three stories beneath the ground level--and had contrived to hook up a plank1 by which means he descended1 with intent to rise the easier1 having swung himself down till he could jump across a certain black abyss1 which we afterward shuddered to see1 and gain a broken stair-case where a door led to a corridor conducting to the outer court4 ,with an iron nail he had displaced a huge stone in the steps1 had crept through that1 displaced a second in the same way1 and thus arrived at the passage4 ,here he hid himself in a dark corner on the chance of the jailor-guide coming that way with visitors before long4 ,as it happened1 that event occurred1 and the jailor was just preparing to light the candle which serves to illumine the gloom1 having left the outer door open till the process was accomplished1 when the ready adventurer lept from his hiding-place1 overturned the guide1 and amidst the screams and cries of the affrighted visitors1 rushed out1 with them1 pell-mell into the outer world4 ,as his blouse was the same costume as that worn by many of the affrighted strangers--for all ranks make the dungeons a lion--he passed unnoticed in the crowd1 and excited no surprise as he 8ran violently down the steep hill0 with the rest and got fairly off4 ,i could not regret that so ingenious and fearless a personage had baffled the vigilance of the guardians of ,loches1 but ,i felt a little nervous at the chance of a similar adventure occurring as we began our exploring expedition in the same quarter4 ,i was assured1 however1 that there was no chance of such a thing1 all the prisoners now detained1 to the number of four1 being at that moment smoking their pipes in a pleasant1 sunny little court which we had to cross before we reached the low door which gave entrance to the dungeons4 ,there was nothing formidable in the aspect of these worthies1 whose crimes were not of a deeper die than that of having got drunk and committed damage to the citizens in their cups2 and we passed amongst them1 returning the salutes they made with their night-caps1 quite without alarm4 ,in the great court before this enormous and sinister-looking tower1 one of the most splendid and the most worthless of the ancient governors of ,loches paused before he entered1 attended by three hundred gentlemen of high family1 all probably 8as wicked as himself10 and all bent on turning the good fortune of their friend and patron to the best account4 ,this governor was the famous favorite of the infamous ,henry the ,third of ,france1 the gorgeous ,duke d',epernon1 and during the time he passed in these walls1 the gold of the kingdom was no more spared by him than by his master4 ,but a change arrived--two reigns had intervened--and a second time he visited these walls1 more as a prisoner than a prince2 he was then a gray-headed1 gloomy1 morose1 miserable man1 deserted by all the former companions of his profligacy whom the axe and the sword had spared1 and here he came to hide himself from a court which his vices had disgraced4 ,marie de ,medicis1 the prisoner of her son at ,blois1 also arrived here1 in night and silence1 escaped from her captivity1 and entreated shelter of the old favorite1 who had been suspected of knowing more than was honest of the murder of her husband1 ,henry the ,fourth4 ,it is a strange reflection1 and one that might well intrude while one stands before the door of the great tower of ,loches1 waiting till its rusty key turns in the lock1 how unequal is the fate of those who have acted remarkable parts in the drama of the world4 ,in spite of the mutations of fortune1 mortification1 neglect1 disgrace or discontent1 in spite of the overthrow of ambition1 the wreck of hope1 the struggles and turmoils1 that d',epernon had gone through1 he could not get rid of the burden of life till the age of eighty-eight1 when he died in the ,castle of ,loches1 unregretted1 and at once forgotten4 ,a story is told relating to him1 which proves that men are not to be frightened by tyranny and power out of their natural wit and sarcasm4 ,while this favorite of the contemptible king was in the enjoyment of his greatest favor1 the public criers were accustomed to carry about a huge book1 which they announced as 8,the high acts and deeds of valor and virtue of the most noble ,duke d',epernon40 ,these books1 eagerly purchased1 were found to contain blank paper4 ,i fear that these historical recollections did not occur to ,achille as he descended the rugged steps1 green1 and slimy1 and steep1 which led1 from stage to stage1 to the hideous dark holes in which these heroes of middle-age romance were accustomed to place their vassals or equals1 as the case might be1 when once in the power of their vengeance4 ,our guide1 the jailor1 was a good deal interrupted in his customary story of the place by indignation at the devastation committed on his steps and apartments by the late fugitive4 ,not attempting to smother the indignation awakened in his bosom1 as he reviewed the ruin caused by the nail of the man of expedients1 he mixed up his historical records with allusions to the damage in something like the following terms3 8,here you see the dungeon where the great monarch ,louis the ,eleventh 7confound his impudence67 confined his minister ,cardinal ,balue in an iron cage--7,i wish there was one here now and ,jacques le ,pochard was in it67 ,this is the place where the ,grand ,duke ,sforza was lodged1 and you may see where he painted the walls all round to amuse himself--here1 where the flame of my candle touches the roof--7it'll take me a whole day to mend the bottom of that door--the villain67 ,this is the dungeon where criminals were fastened to that iron bar in the middle of the chamber1 and were only able to move from one end to the other by slipping a link of their chain along--mind the step6 it leads through the dark passage to the next flight4 7,i had no idea the rascal had done so much harm to my steps6 if ever ,i catch him again1 ,i'll flay him6--the brigand670 ,nothing could equal the delight of my blind friend1 at finding that he could touch the damp roofs of these horrible boudoirs for the favorites of princes with his hand1 and that he could make out the patterns sketched by the unlucky ,duke of ,milan on the walls of the chamber with three rows of bars to the window1 through which the duke found light enough to pursue his passion for art4 ,we had seen or felt all at last1 and ,i was glad to return to the last corridor leading to daylight1 when suddenly our guide exclaimed that he had left the key in the lock outside1 and that some miscreant in the court had shut the door upon us4 ,this was startling intelligence1 and we began to feel any thing but satisfaction in the adventure1 while our guide1 placing his lips to the huge1 gaping key-hole--through which a long line of sunlight streamed1 as if in mockery--roared lustily to those without4 ,presently we heard suppressed tittering1 and1 after a minute or two of altercation between the old man's voice and that of a young girl on the other side1 the key was replaced1 turned1 and we hastily emerged to day and freedom4 8,i ought to have known10 said the old grandfather1 laughing1 in spite of his anger1 as a pretty1 saucy-looking girl of twelve bounded across the court and took refuge in the porter's lodge1 8that that young hussy would never let an opportunity slip of playing me a trick--brigande60 ,achille seemed more amused with this last episode than any of our adventures2 and it was with much gayety1 and highly satisfied1 that we descended the stony street1 no longer filled with sellers and buyers1 for the market was over4 ,we had been four hours exploring6 and nothing interrupted the stillness of the dreary old town but the ringing laughter of our young companions1 and the pleasant exclamations of the whole party4 ,it was beyond midnight when we drove merrily up to the ,boulevard ,heurteloup1 and found the same two watchful maidens on the look-out for our return4 ,they did not appear to have been dull in our absence1 nor did they seem afraid of solitude1 probably feeling secure in the opportune presence of the sentinels on guard1 whose measured tread still sounded along the avenue leading to the rail-road station hard by4 ,monsieur ,faye remarked that we were fortunate in a moonlight night1 and observed that he had seldom seen the stars so bright as they had been all the way from ,loches4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,lucky ,,penny4 ,,by ,,mrs4 ,s4 ,c4 ,,hall4 7,continued from page #ecd47 ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,matthew ,whitelock1 reclining in what he called his 8easy chair10 was musing1 rather than thinking1 over the inconsistencies of the most consistent1 and pondering as to which was the more beautiful to contemplate--the love a mother bears her child1 or the devotion a child renders to a parent2 thinking how many instances there are of the former1 and how1 comparatively1 few of the latter2 hoping that the widow would really buy the wine and meat1 as he desired2 and having1 like all genuine ,englishmen1 great faith in 8creature comforts10 he converted the worn1 attenuated widow into a portly woman4 ,having arranged this1 he indulged in a vision he had of late enjoyed so frequently1 that it had become almost a reality--that ,richard would turn out something like ,whittington3 his dreams of the future had gradually taken ,richard in1 first as a shadow1 then as a substance1 until he formed a portion of all his day dreams--wondering if he could tie up fishing-flies1 yet fearing to ask him1 lest ,martha might make it another subject of complaint2 varying these fancies with probabilities as to whether he should have good fishing the first of the following ,june1 when he made his annual journey to ,teddington1 and1 be the day hot or cold1 invariably returned with a swollen face1 wonderfully helping ,martha's sarcasms during the following summer and autumn months2 indeed1 she constituted it a red letter day--every thing occurred 8before0 or after 8master went bothering after the bits of fish1 that the cat wouldn't eat without butter1 and got the bad face40 ,then again his thoughts would dwell upon ,richard1 whom he believed--and with fair show of reason--endowed with a rare capacity for acquiring knowledge1 and tuning it to the best account4 ,he never thought of another power he had--that of attaching to him those who seldom formed attachments4 ,some observation made by the lad1 in a careless1 off-hand manner1 would frequently set his master calculating what he could do for him4 ,he delighted in lending him books1 and to draw forth his opinions upon them2 devising many clever expedients to overcome ,richard's shyness1 and make him 8speak out40 ,as the lad's accumulated and accumulating knowledge became better known to him1 he felt almost inclined to apologise when it was necessary he should take out parcels2 but what especially charmed him was the boy's unconsciousness of his own book improvement and superiority4 ,had it not been for the unaccountable fear ,matthew ,whitelock entertained of his housekeeper--which he only overcame by fits and starts--he would have forbidden ,richard the kitchen1 and seated him at his own little table in the dusty back room2 but he knew that such a movement must lead to open rebellion4 ,he had grown positively uncomfortable at the idea of ,richard's brushing his shoes1 and cleaning knives--8a lad capable of writing the ,latin names of his books without a dictionary1 and was a better penman than he was himself60 ,however difficult it may be of belief1 considering his 8calling10 it is a positive fact that ,matthew ,whitelock reverenced literary acquirements2 and when a clever book did not 8sell10 ,matthew would take the part of the author against 8the trade0--a proceeding which caused him to be considered 8a fool0 by many who are wise in their own conceits4 ,these and such like thoughts were passing through ,matthew's mind1 in a half-dreamy way2 now lingering1 now rushing onward1 and then off1 while ,peter lay at his feet2 and he began to long1 as often he did1 for ,richard's return2 for he enjoyed a chat with his messenger1 as he used to enjoy a newspaper4 ,without his perceiving it1 ,matty entered1 and shutting the door1 as she always did when she had any thing particular to say1 placed her back against it1 wreathed her bony arms together1 and passing one foot over the instep of the other1 stood on one leg1 8shouldering0 the door-case4 8,it's my opinion1 sir1 that you make too much fuss entirely with that boy1 and that he's forgetting his place40 8,is it--how80 8,well1 thoughts is thoughts1 and it's hard to put them into words2 but here they are6 ,he'd rayther any time stay fiddling after one bit of dust or another1 or stitching ould tataration books1 that's going to the bad since the year one1 or mending your pen--as if you had not eyesight 7the ,lord preserve it7 to do it yourself--than sit and rest his young bones at his supper2 and as to rubbing over the knives1 he does them in no time1 without a bit of a stop between2 so that ,i never have a word out of him4 ,and the paper6 he reads it shameful6 reading polyticks as if they war dirt2 and so ignorant1 that when he's done1 he knows no more of the state of ,europe than when he began4 ,his mother says he lives without sleep1 or as good as2 there's a heart-break for a tender mother6 ,i hate unnatural ways4 ,the truth is1 he's above his business40 8,i quite agree with you40 8,then10 said the contradictory ,matty1 8it's a sin and a shame for you to say so1 sir4 ,you have nothing to complain of3 he's willing enough to do every hand's turn for you4 ,i'm nothing in the house--just no-thing6 ,he's as civil and smooth as creme--with his good morning1 and good evening1 and fine day4 ,mrs4 ,cook6 but that's professional--there's no love with it4 ,he's all for learning and books4 ,if he goes on this way1 you'll have to take him into partnership40 8,very likely60 ,matty immediately stood erect4 8,then1 sir1 you must look out for another housekeeper1 that's all3 ,i'm not going to have two masters1 and one of them no better than a dog-boy6 ,oh6 that ,i should come to that6 ,he's bewitched you1 so he has--put his comether over you4 ,i shouldn't wonder if you made him sit down at your table1 and printed his poems40 8,his what80 8,poems6 ,havn't ,i heard you say many times that there was no good in books now1 since there's such a many writers2 that a book is no longer a book1 only a rubbish2 and that all the half of the writers do is to spile paper and pens1 and waste ink4 ,them's your words1 master1 when you war in one of your pleasant humors1 discoorsing upon the ruin that's come into the world4 ,and now this boy goes and writes poems1 and you'll print them60 8,go down stairs1 ,matty1 and bring me those poems40 8,and to be made a paper weight in my ould days--just to stand upon papers40 8,do as ,i desire you40 8,i can't3 do you think ,i'd keep 'em in the kitchen8 ,there they are60 she continued1 throwing a roll of manuscript on the table2 8there they are6 ,as if he had any right to set up for a poet--as if his mother and him havn't gone through starvation enough without that4 ,that's what comes of his neglecting the state of ,europe1 and hurrying over the knives3 his mother wanted to tell you about it1 but had no courage1 and no wonder4 ,it's easy to see what's before him now2 and his poor mother blind and desolate4 ,poems6 ,oh6 no wonder my hair's gray6 ,but it's your fault1 master--informing his mind6 ,i wonder who ever troubled about my mind60 ,and out she flounced1 while her master1 not without some secret apprehension--more anxiety1 in fact1 for ,richard than he had ever felt before--unrolled the manuscript1 and1 after wiping and putting on his spectacles1 commenced its perusal4 ,to be continued4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,topmost ,,city ,,of ,,the ,,earth4 ,thirteen thousand1 seven hundred and twenty feet above the level of the sea6 ,at a perpendicular elevation of upwards of two miles and a half1 nearly on the snow line of the ,andes1 stands the topmost city of the earth1 ,ceno de ,pasco4 ,it is the capital of the richest silver district of ,peru4 ,at the before-named height1 the ,andes spread themselves out into vast plains or table-lands4 ,such table-lands--,punas1 the ,indians call them--sometimes extend hundreds of miles1 and1 on one of them--that of ,pasco--stands the before-named city of ,ceno de ,pasco1 which ,i took care to visit when ,i was a dweller in ,peru4 ,through the ,palace ,square of ,lima--not forgetting to look up for the fortieth time at its magnificent cathedral--over the ,rimac by a handsome bridge1 which connects the city with the suburb of ,san ,lazaro1 ,i got out with my friends into the open country4 ,the plain on which ,lima stands gradually contracts as it approaches the ,sierra1 until it becomes a narrow track between great walls of rock4 ,the road then slowly rises to a height of upwards of six thousand five hundred feet4 ,having mounted thus far1 and so done more up-hill business than belongs to the ascent of ,snowdon1 we are told quietly that we have reached the foot of the mountains4 ,from this point the ascent is steeper and more dangerous1 winding along narrow paths1 and doubling huge projections1 yielding1 sometimes1 barely room for a mule to pass2 whilst1 now and then1 a heavy mass comes tumbling down from overhead1 and lodges on some ledge that is wide enough to stop it1 with a crash that makes the mountain tremble4 ,the ,sierra is cleft in many places by gorges1 that descend1 straight as the plummet1 to an immense depth2 and1 as the road passes along the edge of these abysses1 the view suggests a strong temptation to make one false step1 or cause the same to be made by the mule1 since it would be but a moment's work to slip into the throat of the old gaping chasm4 ,as we ascend1 the change in the climate and vegetation1 of course1 soon attracts attention4 ,we pass from the sugar-cane and banana in the plains1 through every shade of increasing barrenness1 to a few mosses and scrubby bushes on the ,puna4 ,a few villages are scattered on the route1 and in the neighborhood of these1 maize and potatoes are grown even at a height of some ten thousand feet4 ,but1 by degrees these disappear1 and the monotony of the road is broken only by an occasional tambo--a most miserable stunted species of road-side inn--which yields a scanty supply of food and accommodation1 and is eaten up almost to the very walls by fleas4 ,fleas1 ,i should guess1 were1 like the potato1 first imported into ,europe from ,peru4 ,in that country1 certainly1 the species must have been multiplying rapidly from the remotest times4 ,the scenery of the ,andes 7like that of the ,himalayas1 and of all vast mountains7 appears1 at first sight1 to fall short of one's previous ideas4 ,the view is often very much confined4 ,the idea of their enormous height is not at all conveyed by traveling over them2 for1 the successive valleys and table-lands present successive starting-points1 and the stupendous mountain chain1 supporting countries on its bosom1 escapes the measurement of a mere pair of eyes4 ,having crossed the passes of the ,alto de ,jaquehambo1 and the ,alto de ,lachaqual--the latter of which is above the snow line1 fifteen thousand1 five hundred feet high--we begin to descend1 and presently1 a sudden turn in the road reveals a large and apparently well-built town4 ,this town lies in a basin surrounded by rocks1 and the view of it forms a scene oddly inconsistent with the grand solitude and bleakness of the scenery around4 ,closer acquaintance dissipates our notion that the town is well built4 ,it is a dirty miserable place1 in which there are uncomfortably huddled together fifteen thousand people4 ,it is chiefly composed of miners' huts--something like overgrown bee-hives--with a few tolerable houses that belong to shop-keepers and the proprietors of mines4 ,as we descend from the pass into the ,puna1 a scene worthy of the ,andes breaks upon us4 ,we are on the highest and most extensive table-land in all ,peru4 ,its breadth is about seventy miles2 its length scarcely determinable1 as it penetrates into the mountains at various points1 and is not abruptly broken by them1 but sweeps gradually upwards to their summits4 ,in the centre is a large lake1 from one side of which the principal tributary of the ,amazon begins its course1 whilst1 from the other side1 several small streams flow to the western coast1 so that from this lake tribute is sent both to the ,atlantic and ,pacific oceans4 ,in the distance rises the great ,cordillera stretching towards the ,brazils2 whilst the nearer peaks of the ,andes1 whitened with snow1 shine round about us1 cold1 rugged1 and silent1 in vast masses that cause our hearts to dilate with a half painful sense of the sublime4 ,the clear blue sky of the plains has deepened almost into black2 the dull1 lead-colored sun seems to have lost the power of communicating heat1 and looks like a mere spectre of the tyrant under whose reign for so many years1 men1 women1 and children have been flayed1 or roasted1 or marked with a brand upon the skin4 ,on first reaching the ,puna1 we all suffer a good deal from the rarefaction of the air1 which produces sickness1 bleeding at the mouth and nose1 and pain in the chest4 ,horses and mules1 on their first visit1 suffer from this cause more acutely than men1 and the drivers often slit the nostrils of these animals1 an operation which is said to give relief4 ,the slitting of our own noses being1 of course1 out of the question1 we get over our discomfort as we can4 ,the only native animals found on the ,puna belong to the llama tribe2 alpacas1 guanacas1 and vicunas4 ,the llama works at the mines as the ordinary beast of burden1 and is perfectly efficient2 it is more sagacious1 steady1 and sure-footed even than the mule4 ,the alpacas are tamed and kept in flocks for the sake of their wool1 an article which has of late become important to the ,english manufacturers4 ,the guanacas and vicunas--the former the largest1 and the latter the handsomest members of their tribe--are seldom to be tamed2 they range the mountains1 and the pursuit of them affords sport to the ,european hunter in ,peru4 ,on entering the city of ,pasco from the mountain solitudes1 we are in the first place annoyed at the incessant clatter that surrounds us4 ,the mines are opened in the streets1 the courtyards1 and occasionally even in the houses of the town4 ,we encounter them at every step1 and as they are often very shallow--the depth varying from twenty to a hundred and fifty feet--the blows of many picks and hammers are distinctly heard4 ,the mines are generally private property1 though some of them1 indeed1 belong to ,english companies4 ,the mode of working is extremely careless4 ,the descent into them is by a bucket hung on an old chain1 or worn-out rope4 ,the sides and roof of the galleries are frequently left unsupported1 because timber happens to be scarce and dear2 accidents therefore constantly occur1 but nobody concerns himself about them4 ,the rubbish is removed after a fall in2 and the work goes on as usual4 ,the miners are1 for the most part1 ,indians4 ,they earn1 on an average1 from four to six reals 7two or three shillings7 daily2 but when a rich vein has been opened1 they are paid in ore1 and often earn very high wages1 which they spend in brandy1 chicha1 and fine clothes4 ,the town abounds with liquor-shops1 eating-houses1 and cafs which are generally kept by foreigners1 men of all nations4 ,from these places the ,indian miners buy their food ready cooked4 ,it consists chiefly of maize bread and charqu--slices of beef dried in the sun--great quantities of which are imported from the more southern republics1 especially the ,argentine4 ,even before food1 however1 the chief comfort of the ,indian is the coca leaf4 ,the coca plant is not unlike the vine in its appearance4 ,it is cultivated by the ,indians at the foot and on the sides of the ,cordilleras1 and bears a white flower1 with a small red fruit4 ,at the proper season1 the leaves are stripped from the plants1 carefully dried1 and packed in bags containing each from fifty to a hundred pounds4 ,they have an aromatic bitter taste4 ,the cholo never is without his little pouch of coca leaves1 and a small calabash containing quick-lime1 or the ashes of a hot root4 ,he first chews a quid of leaves until it is well moistened1 and then thrusts a little lime into the mass on the point of a small stick2 thereupon the mastication is continued till the quid is dry4 ,this kind of refreshment is taken by the miners three times a day1 about a quarter of an hour being set apart for its enjoyment upon each occasion2 and the men will go through the most arduous toil1 or travel for days over the mountains1 with no other support than coca leaf4 ,in traveling1 a quid is kept continually in the mouth4 ,on first using the coca1 there is some excoriation suffered by the lips2 this1 however1 passes off1 and1 when mixed with a little quinna1 ,i must say that ,i have found the stuff very agreeable4 ,it produces the exhilarating effects of opium without the drowsiness and stupefaction2 it will ward off sleep1 destroy the sense of hunger1 and act as a spur upon the strength and spirit4 ,the cholos who use it regularly are unquestionably healthy and long-lived2 but the coca1 like all other stimulants1 is liable to serious abuse4 ,the coquero or coca-chewer1 who is never without a ball of it in his mouth1 often passes the night through without sleep2 he becomes debilitated1 languid1 nervous2 his complexion takes a greenish hue2 and1 if he will persist in his excess--which soon becomes a vice beyond the power of his will--he perishes4 ,in the shops of ,pasco are found the products of all countries4 ,bass's pale ale is in high favor here1 and knives and forks carry the stamp of ,sheffield cutlers4 ,i remember being pleasantly surprised in a shepherd's hut on the ,puna1 at having placed before me some boiled maize on a plate ornamented with a picture of ,john ,anderson my joe and his gude wife1 with two verses of the song beneath it4 ,the ,indian was delighted with the pleasure ,i took in the plate1 and was solicitous to have the lines translated4 ,the most common contents of dishes at the fondas or eating-houses1 are pucheros and picantes2 the former a mixture of every thing--beef1 pork1 camotes1 frijoles1 bananas1 potatoes1 maize1 etc41 highly seasoned with aji--a sort of ground pepper of a peculiar and pleasant flavor4 ,the latter1 the picante1 is comprised of jerked beef1 chopped small1 and mixed with bread crumbs or crushed maize4 ,the usual liquors are a sweet unpleasant wine1 chicha1 and guarapo--the latter made from fermented sugar and water2 still good wines are procurable1 and spirits are much too plentiful4 ,under the influence of spirit frequent battles occur among the ,indians1 in which the long knife is freely used4 ,as the high table-land is altogether unproductive1 provisions and other necessaries are brought from the valleys on the backs of mules4 ,that is the only practicable mode of carriage2 although it is a curious fact that1 during the ,war of ,independence1 cavalry and artillery were transported to these heights1 and two battles were fought close to ,pasco4 ,at the latter of these ,bolivar had ten thousand troops besides artillery in the field1 and ,canterac1 the royalist general1 opposed him with an equal number4 ,they must certainly have had a taste for fighting under difficulties if they dragged themselves1 their guns1 and horses up these mountains for no other purpose4 ,an ,english firm at ,callao1 which has considerable mining property on the ,ceno de ,pasco1 has recently procured from ,england a quantity of improved machinery for the extraction of the silver from its ore4 ,the old method is still commonly practised1 that is to say1 the ore is amalgamated with quicksilver by treading together quicksilver and ore beneath the feet of mules and horses2 this proceeding causes a considerable loss of quicksilver--ruins the feet of the animals1 and does not properly fulfill its purpose4 ,the quicksilver--nearly all of which it brought from ,europe--is afterward evaporated by the application of heat4 ,coal is found on the ,puna4 ,the whole annual produce of the mines of ,ceno ,pasco once reached the amount of eight millions of dollars1 or one million1 six hundred and fifty thousand pounds2 but the returns now do not probably reach half that sum4 ,there is in the city a government establishment1 at which all the silver is marked before being sent to ,lima4 ,it is usually melted into large oblong flat bars1 some of which weigh from sixty to eighty pounds4 ,these are conveyed to the capital on mules1 commonly with no protection except that of the mule-drivers1 although the ,sierra may be swarming with the bandit montoneros4 ,these gentlemen do not consider it convenient to intercept the silver on its downward passage1 they preferring to wait for the coin that is returned in payment4 ,with this upward freight a strong escort is always sent1 and when it is attacked1 a fierce battle ensues1 that often ends in favor of the robbers4 ,the singular accoutrements of the horsemen are among the first things that attract the attention of the stranger in ,peru4 ,if the rider be a rich man1 the horse is almost hidden by a multitude of straps and ornaments4 ,the saddle is made very high both on pummel and crupper1 leaving just room for the rider to wedge himself into his seat between them4 ,under the saddle is the pillow1 an alpaca or goat's skin1 dyed black1 with the wool combed out or twisted with silver wire into short curls1 lengthened sometimes with long fringes of dyed alpaca wool4 ,the stirrups are heavy and clumsy2 each is a solid piece of wood1 often measuring twelve inches square at the bottom1 and gradually tapering to a point where it is attached to the saddle by a silver ring2 on one side an opening is scooped out for the foot2 the other three sides are all highly polished1 often carved beautifully and inlaid with silver4 ,the bit is very heavy2 often of silver4 ,the head-band is adorned with a long fringe of plaited strips of leather2 and the reins1 which are separate1 pass through a silver ring1 one of them being continued in a long lash4 ,in addition to the bridle1 the horse's head is encumbered with a leathern halter covered with silver ornaments4 ,the spurs are the most preposterous part of the whole equipment4 ,they are so formed1 that the wearer can walk only on his toes4 ,the stem of the spur is often twelve inches long1 and the rowel six inches in diameter4 ,amongst the wealthier classes1 these spurs also1 are frequently of silver4 ,every horseman wears the poncho2 and some ponchos1 from their splendid colors and fine texture1 are a costly article of dress4 ,the horses that bear these encumbrances are small1 but they are well made and active2 they are not allowed to trot1 but taught a sort of amble which1 when the rider becomes used to it1 is an easy kind of motion4 ,it is very rapid4 ,horses are but seldom used for draught1 as1 even in the low country1 asses are the ordinary beasts of burden4 ,these are bred in vast numbers1 and troops of them are constantly passed by the traveler on all the roads3 they have no head-gear1 but are driven in the same manner as cattle1 the driver riding behind armed with a long whip4 ,these poor animals are most cruelly treated4 ,peru has been called 8the heaven of women1 the purgatory of husbands1 and the hell of asses40 ,the last clause of the proverb cannot be questioned4 ,the taste for gambling1 so prevalent throughout ,south ,america1 is most strongly developed at ,ceno de ,pasco4 ,public lotteries are drawn every week1 and sometimes every day in the week4 ,the streets are continually infested by fellows crying1 8,a thousand dollars to-morrow60 ,these men carry books1 from which they tear1 for each customer1 a ticket1 price one shilling1 giving him or her a chance in the next lottery4 ,the prize is sometimes as large as five thousand dollars1 with intermediate ones of smaller amount4 ,i believe that the strictest impartiality and fairness characterize the drawing4 ,all these lotteries are under government control4 ,the billiard and montero tables are in constant request3 dominoes is a favorite game in the cafs2 but those games at cards which are rapid in their results1 and depend wholly upon chance1 have irresistible attractions for all classes4 ,the shaven priest1 decorated with cross and rosary1 may be frequently seen playing with the ragged ,indian2 and instances are told of the wealthy mine proprietor losing1 in a night1 every dollar he possessed to one of his own ragged men4 ,the cock-pit is a favorite amusement4 ,the combatants are armed with one spur only2 this is a flat1 curved1 two-edged blade1 very keen1 and finely pointed4 ,the first blow commonly decides the battle1 and both cocks are often killed4 ,hundreds of dollars change hands every minute3 the excitement of the bettors is intense2 and1 even here1 on the afternoon of the ,sabbath1 which is especially appropriated to the cock-fight1 the priest hands round his begging-box1 or lays his dollar on a favorite bird4 ,ceno de ,pasco1 although so high up in the world1 and so close to the region of eternal snow1 has1 nevertheless1 a tolerable warmth during the day4 ,the nights are all frosty1 and a dense fog often envelops the ,puna4 ,excessively heavy rain falls at certain periods of the year4 ,but the most sublime spectacle on the ,andes is a thunder-storm4 ,it is an event of frequent occurrence in the table-lands1 and ,i had the good fortune to witness one of extraordinary grandeur4 ,it is impossible to convey any idea of the magnificence of the spectacle4 ,the lightning plays around the summits of the mountains in a constant succession of brilliant flashes1 whilst the thunder is prolonged through the deep ravines and distant valleys1 until the echo of the one peal and the crash of another blend together in one never-ending roll4 ,heavy falls of snow often accompany these storms1 and the condition of travelers crossing the passes during one of them is most distressing4 ,unable to advance or to retreat1 they halt and wait1 in momentary fear of being hurled over the mountain sides4 ,blinded by snow1 and by the vivid flashes1 they dare not proceed2 the ledges also are1 perhaps1 so narrow1 that if they would they could not turn the mule round to retrace their steps4 ,in such a position as this1 men have been compelled to remain during many hours in places where the thermometer falls every night in the year below freezing point1 and where the most intense darkness--whilst it fails to hide the real dangers1 conjures up imaginary ones1 which multiply all the horrors of the scene4 ,there are some portions of ,upper ,peru which are yet comparatively unknown to ,europeans4 ,this is especially the case with that part of it which has declared itself an independent republic1 under the name of ,bolivia4 ,though possessing a coast town on the ,pacific of considerable extent1 with several good harbors1 yet its singular formation precludes ranch intercourse with other countries4 ,between the ,andes and the sea is a broad belt of barren desert2 a sand plain in continual motion4 ,this is traversed by a few small rivers2 which1 though very shallow and often dry during the summer months1 render the strips of soil through which they pass extremely fruitful4 ,beyond this desert1 the most inaccessible chain in the ,andes rises and forbids approach to the fair country enclosed within4 ,on the summit of this chain is the celebrated mountain ,potosi1 now nearly exhausted of its treasures3 the town is situated in a district wholly destitute of vegetation4 ,passing from the ,ceno de ,pasco through the town of ,larma1 we enter the valley of ,janja1 and shortly find ourselves in a country presenting a strange contrast to the one we have just left4 ,a succession of the most fertile valleys in the world4 ,as the ascent of the mountain commences from the low country1 the sandy desert disappears4 ,a rich coat of lucerne spreads over the sheltered hollows4 ,vines and olives appear in the vales4 ,the sugar-cane1 the banana1 the guava1 and numberless tropical fruits flourish4 ,at the height of eight1 and sometimes ten thousand feet1 ,los ,vales of ,bolivia are covered with the most luxurious vegetation4 ,forest-trees of gigantic size are thickly spread over the mountains4 ,the cereals1 which live a sickly life down by the sea1 appear in these lofty valleys in full vigor3 including maize1 quinna1 rice1 barley1 with occasional patches of wheat1 though of this last the chief supply is imported out of ,chili4 ,rich esculents and fruits unknown in other countries are in abundance4 ,amongst the former are yuca1 mandive1 and camotes2 whilst the delicious cherrimoya reigns supreme over them all4 ,the valleys of ,upper ,peru1 of ,bolivia1 and of the province of ,salta in ,la ,plata1 are rich in the most valuable products4 ,exclusive of minerals--which include gold1 silver1 copper1 and lead--we have coffee1 chocolate1 tobacco1 cotton1 indigo1 cochineal1 sarsaparilla1 logwood1 and an infinity of similar productions4 ,cattle are numerous3 mules and horses abundant4 ,and1 above all1 the men are noted for their generosity and hospitality1 and the women for their grace and beauty4 ,what a contrast between these glorious valleys--in which ,rasselas might well have lived--and the rugged heights of the silver city1 ,ceno ,pasco3 its dirty streets1 and half-savage people2 its unhealthy mines1 and blackened smelting-furnaces2 its bare rocks and scrubby patches of brown herbage affording a scanty subsistence to its flock of shaggy llamas4 ,it is a charm to travelers among the ,andes1 that1 within their limits1 these vast mountains enclose every climate4 ,within the range of one degree of latitude1 we may sit and burn under a palm-tree1 or lie down upon a bed of ,alpine moss4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,better ,,days4 ,,by ,,lydia ,l4 ,a4 ,,very4 ,was it a dream that came to me1 ,that men's care-worn faces seemed to be ,clothed with a calm serenity-- ,a peaceful holiness2 ,a spirit's voice1 that said1 no more ,shall the blood of man like water pour1 ,staining the flowers on earth's green floor1 ,that fain his path would bless8 ,was it a vision of the night1 ,making each child seem an angel bright1 ,free from earth's mildew1 ain's withering blight ,that falls upon the young2 ,graceful and winning everywhere1 ,grown like the flowers by ,god's own care1 ,like them blooming as fresh and fair1 ,earth's hills and vales among8 ,was it a dream1 that men did feel ,themselves as brothers for wo or weal1 ,seeking the wounds of life to heal ,with soothing words of love2 ,speaking to each as on he wends ,grasping in every hand a friend's1 ,smoothing the path of ,age that tends ,so tremblingly above8 ,was it a dream1 that woman's lot ,was with unkindness never fraught2 ,that her affections ne'er were sought ,to be as worthless spurned8 ,no dream6 but 'twas a glimpse of years ,whose coming bright as the man appears1 ,drying the dew of earthly tears ,from eyes like flowers upturned4 ,the aged feel its cheering ray1 ,though1 like pale stars at the break of day1 ,its glory comes as they pass away ,into a realm untrod6 ,but may the young live to behold ,those golden days so long foretold1 ,when each lone wand'rer to the fold ,shall be reclaimed by ,god6 99 99 99 99 99 ,,review ,,of ,,new ,,books4 ,reuben ,medlicott1 or ,the ,coming ,man4 ,by ,m4 ,w4 ,savage1 ,author of 8,the ,bachelor of the ,albany10 etc4 ,new ,york3 ,d4 ,appleton ,co4 #a vol4 #abmo4 8,the ,bachelor of the ,albany0 was a novel in which common sense was made to outshine and outsparkle paradox itself2 and 8,reuben ,medlicott10 though inferior in sustained brilliancy of execution1 is a worthy successor to the 8,bachelor40 ,the object of the book is to exhibit the career of a man whose head is stuffed with multifarious information1 who possesses mediocre but varied talents1 and who mistakes a fluent use of words relating to universal ideas and generalized truths for the power to wield principles4 ,he accordingly fails in every thing he undertakes4 ,he cannot connect his words with affairs2 practical life refuses all alliance with him4 ,he becomes a lawyer1 but despising details1 and aspiring to the philosophy of law1 it is soon discovered that he has neither technical knowledge nor grasp of principles4 ,he is a great orator at philanthropic meetings1 and his friends think he will make a great impression in ,parliament4 ,he is accordingly 8put up0 as a candidate1 and the description of his election is one of the most mirth-provoking pieces of satire in the novel4 ,he is elected1 but is remorselessly coughed down in the ,house4 ,then1 like all men of his peculiar kind1 he makes a voyage to ,america1 to see if he cannot succeed in the land of talkers4 ,he thinks that he has some words in his wardrobe of verbiage which will induce the ,southern ,states to abolish slavery4 ,he fails in this1 also1 and the author conducts him through various other experiments to the close of his useless life4 ,the novel is exactly calculated for the present time1 and will exercise a good influence if generally read4 ,the writer's own principles are neither very lofty nor very broad1 but he has the merit of resolving all moral bubbles 8into their elemental suds40 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,eclipse of ,faith2 or a ,visit to a ,religious ,sceptic4 ,boston3 ,crosby1 ,nichols ,co4 #a vol4 #abmo4 ,this volume is by professor ,henry ,rogers1 of ,england1 the author of some of the ablest articles in the late numbers of the ,edinburgh ,review1 and a most learned1 accomplished1 and earnest writer on religious subjects4 ,the work is in the form of a dialogue1 which enables the author to represent peculiarities of character as well as opinion1 and give conversational ease to the statement of the weightiest truths4 ,the reasoning1 also1 is more readily followed from its being in the shape of debate1 our interest in the persons stimulating our attention to what they say4 ,the two sceptical assumptions principally assailed in the volume are these3 8that a revelation from ,god to men1 through the agency of a book1 is an unreasonable tenet of belief2 and that it is impossible that a miracle should occur1 and impossible that its occurrence should be authenticated40 ,the rationalists of all classes are vigorously assailed1 ,mr4 ,neuman1 of ,england1 and ,mr4 ,theodore ,parker1 of the ,united ,states1 being the principal persons against whose theories the author directs his argument4 ,the style of the work is fluent and animated1 sometimes rising to eloquence1 and not without some fine examples of humor and wit4 ,the chapter on 8,the ,blank ,bible10 is a very felicitous specimen of the author's power of familiarizing and popularizing his views by striking illustrations4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ancient ,egypt under the ,pharaohs4 ,by ,john ,kenrick1 ,a4 ,m4 ,new ,york3 ,redfield4 #b vols4 #abmo4 ,this is a very valuable work on a country which has1 of late years1 increased in interest to ,europeans1 and been the subject of the most painstaking and profound research4 ,its history is to be gathered from a multitude of hints1 which only ingenuity can interpret and follow out4 ,the object of ,mr4 ,kenrick's volumes is to give a comprehensive view of the results of the researches of all travelers1 artists1 interpretators1 and critics1 who have made ,egyptian archology and history their study2 and to describe1 from knowledge thus obtained1 8the land and the people of ,egypt1 their arts and sciences1 their civil institutions1 and their religions faith and usages10 and to relate their history from the earliest records of the monarchy to its final absorption in the empire of ,alexander4 ,the plan is an extensive one1 and seems to us successfully executed4 ,it is the only work which combines the results to which the many explorers of ,egyptian mysteries have arrived1 and may therefore be confidently recommended to the general reader as ,ancient ,egypt1 8according to the latest dates40 99 99 99 99 99 ,parisian ,sights and ,french ,principles ,seen ,through ,american ,spectacles4 ,new ,york3 ,harper ,brothers4 #a vol4 #abmo4 ,few titles are more descriptive than the present4 ,it is a view of ,french society1 amusements1 morals1 manners1 and government1 by an intelligent and inquisitive ,american1 who has glanced1 with his spectacled eyes into many nooks and corners of ,parisian life1 not open to the ordinary observer4 ,we have some doubts whether the representation is a moral one1 though seen from an ,american point of view1 especially that portion referring to the peculiar relations between the sexes in ,paris4 ,but there is a great deal of innocent information given in the volume which we have seen in no other2 and the book is invaluable to the traveler as a sort of piquant guide4 ,the ,harpers have issued it1 profusely illustrated by elegant wood-cuts1 and excellently printed1 for only eighty-three cents4 ,as it is a copyright volume1 this price is low even for such cheapeners of books as they are4 99 99 99 99 99 ,philosophers and ,actresses4 ,by ,arsene ,houssaye4 ,new ,york3 ,redfield4 #b vols4 #abmo4 ,these volumes1 like those on the 8,men and ,women of the ,eighteenth ,century10 which preceded them1 are devoted to a description of the profligate society of ,paris during the reign of ,louis ,,xv41 and have all the lightness1 brilliancy1 and bland un-morality characteristic of their author4 ,the painters1 sculptors1 poets and philosophers of the age1 are all exhibited on their soft side1 and the book demonstrates how little the ostentatious professors of reason1 who1 in their writings1 were lifted so far above the prejudices and passions of mankind1 were guided by reason in their conduct4 ,voltaire1 especially1 is shown to be the mere slave of the caprices of the several women he loved4 ,he was worse off than many a hen-pecked husband4 ,the volumes are elegantly printed1 and are adorned with fine portraits of ,voltaire and ,madame de ,parabre4 99 99 99 99 99 ,comparative ,physiognomy2 or ,resemblances between ,men and ,animals4 ,by ,james ,w4 ,redfield1 ,m4 ,d4 ,illustrated by #ccj ,engravings4 ,new ,york3 ,redfield4 #a vol4 #hvo4 ,this book is exceedingly ingenious1 and as brilliant and readable as it is ingenious4 ,the writer is bold to audacity in his criticism on men and on classes1 and every page is racy with individual peculiarities4 ,we do not know whether the volume is a scientific joke or not1 but the resemblances the author traces between men and animals are often very happy1 and seem to point to some occult principle of organization and expression4 ,hogs1 monkeys1 cats1 hares1 foxes1 lions1 are made to repeat themselves in human heads and countenances with startling effect4 ,the author has given us about a hundred portraits of eminent men and women1 with their animal prototypes annexed2 and in addition to this he has generalised the shape and expression of whole classes of men into one portrait1 and then1 putting a pig or a fox by its side1 says confidently to the reader1 8judge ye40 ,the book is a very amusing one1 even if it have but a fanciful value as regards the leading idea of the author's theory4 99 99 99 99 99 ,palissy the ,potter4 ,the ,life of ,bernard ,palissy1 of ,saintes2 his ,labors and ,discoveries in ,art and ,science1 etc4 ,by ,henry ,morley4 ,boston3 ,ticknor1 ,reed ,fields4 #b vols4 #afmo4 ,the subject of this biography is probably but little known in the ,united ,states1 though the admirable account of his life and character printed in these elegant volumes1 will doubtless make him familiar to many who never before heard his name4 ,he lived an eventful life between the years #aejg and #aehi1 8one of the obscurely great10 says ,mr4 ,morley1 8among the prominently little0 of his day4 ,the volumes give an animated picture of the civil and religious discords of ,france in the sixteenth century1 in connection with the narrative of the privations1 persecutions1 and imprisonments which ,palissy underwent on account of his heretical opinions4 ,as regards both powers of mind and honesty of character he was undoubtedly one of the foremost men of his time2 and truth owes a debt to his biographer for rescuing his services to art1 to science1 to religion1 and to ,france1 from the oblivion into which they were fast falling4 ,the book has the interest of a romance1 and may be classed among the most captivating biographies written during the present century4 99 99 99 99 99 ,village ,life in ,egypt4 ,with ,sketches of the ,sad4 ,by ,bayle ,st4 ,john4 ,author of 8,adventures in the ,libyan ,desert40 ,boston3 ,ticknor1 ,reed ,fields4 #b vols4 #ahmo4 ,a book of travels so rare and strange in its incidents and descriptions1 devoted to scenes and people so different from those coming within the observation of ordinary travelers1 and written with such thorough knowledge of the subject1 as this book of ,bayle ,st4 ,john1 is a luxury to read4 ,it gives a complete insight into the poor laboring population of ,egypt1 and palpably exhibits the abysses of degradation and misery into which tyranny relentlessly plunges the people it pretends to govern4 ,the manners and customs which ,st4 ,john describes1 have sometimes the strange effect on the imagination1 which might come from reading an account of things as they are in some other planet4 ,the book is admirably written1 has1 in its diction1 that air of luxurious repose which tourists seem to catch from the climate of ,egypt1 and is a worthy companion to ,kinglake's 8,eothen0 and ,warburton's 8,crescent and the ,cross40 ,it is published1 from advance sheets1 in ,ticknor ,co4's most elegant and tasteful style4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,journal kept during a ,summer ,tour1 for the ,children of a ,village ,school4 ,by the author of 8,amy ,herbert10 etc4 ,new ,york3 ,d4 ,appleton ,co4 #a vol4 #abmo4 ,this delightful volume is divided into three parts--the first giving an account of a tour from ,ostend to the lake of ,constance1 the second from the lake to the ,simplon1 and the third from the ,simplon through ,tyrol to ,genoa4 ,it is laden with information1 of especial interest to the young1 is written in a style of much clearness and simplicity1 and is pervaded by that sweet and genial tone of morality and religion1 characteristic of all the writing of ,miss ,sewall4 99 99 99 99 99 ,comparative ,psychology of ,universal ,analogy4 ,vegetable ,portraits of ,character4 ,by ,m4 ,edgeworth ,lazarus1 ,m4 ,d4 ,new ,york3 ,fowler ,wells4 #a vol4 #abmo4 ,the ingenious author of this singular volume makes botany speak the language of ,swedenborgianism1 ,fourierism1 mysticism1 and many other isms of the day4 ,it is as curious a theory of symbolism as we have ever read1 and whatever may be thought of the scientific value of the writer's statements1 they must be submitted to be exceedingly interesting and entertaining4 99 99 99 99 99 ,men's ,wives4 ,by ,william ,m4 ,thackeray4 ,new ,york3 ,d4 ,appleton ,co4 #a vol4 #afmo4 ,the articles of which this volume is made up were originally written for ,fraser's ,magazine1 under the alias of ,george ,fitz-,boodle4 ,they have all the unreined heartiness of wit and humor for which that periodical was once so celebrated1 and are as worthy of ,thackeray's genius as the 8,yellowplush ,correspondence0 itself1 which was written for the same magazine4 ,from sly and searching satire to mirthful caricature1 there is hardly a region of the ludicrous which this little volume does not occupy and illustrate4 ,it forms one of the series of ,appleton's ,popular ,library4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,eagle ,pass2 or ,life on the ,border4 ,by ,cora ,montgomery4 ,new ,york3 ,geo4 ,p4 ,putnam4 #a vol4 #abmo4 ,this volume belongs to the original and copy-righted series of ,putnam's ,semi-,monthly ,library1 and like the other numbers1 is placed at the low price of twenty-five cents4 ,the authoress of the present work has written a very entertaining narrative of her experiences of ,texas border-life1 and1 with shrewd powers of observation and a tact for character peculiarly feminine1 she combines manly qualities of thought and courage4 ,her description of ,peon slavery is worthy the attention of statesmen4 99 99 99 99 99 ,stories from ,blackwood4 ,new ,york3 ,d4 ,appleton ,co4 #a vol4 #ahmo4 7,appleton's ,popular ,library47 ,these stories are entitled 8,the ,first and ,last ,dinner10 8,malavolti10 8,the ,iron ,shroud10 8,the ,avenger10 8,the ,announcements and ,three ,rooms01 8,nicholas ,dunks10 and 8,fortune-hunting ,extraordinary40 ,few of these are any better in plot or style than the ordinary run of tales contributed to ,american magazines4 8,the ,first and ,last ,dinner0 and 8,nicholas ,dunks10 are perhaps the best in the collection4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,lives of ,wellington and ,peel4 ,from the ,london ,times4 ,new ,york3 ,d4 ,appleton ,co4 7,appleton's ,popular ,library47 #a vol4 #ahmo4 ,the life of ,wellington1 in this volume1 was published in ,the ,times the day after his death1 and was written1 it is said1 six years ago1 to be used as soon as needed4 ,it is quite a long and able summary of the events of the duke's memorable career1 and will be read at present with great interest4 ,the life of ,peel is also well-written and discriminating4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sips ,,of ,,punch4 ,illustration3 ,,kensington ,,gardens4 ,a ,,poser ,,for ,,papa4 8,la6 ,pa1 dear6 ,what is the meaning of #8,koelruteria ,paniculata2' and why should such a little tree have such a very long name80 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,harry 7to ,tom47 ,there's one great bore about a ,watering-place--they sell such horrid ,cigars4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,the ,advantage of ,sitting next to a ,family ,pew4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 8,,that ,,is ,,the ,,question40 ,is ,weskets to be generally wore this ,season8 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcriber's ,notes3 ,archaic spellings and hyphenation have been retained4 ,punctuation has been corrected without note4 ,other errors have been corrected as noted below4 ,for illustrations1 some caption text may be missing or incomplete due to condition of the originals available for preparation of the ebook4 ,page #ege1 the swamps of ,findland the swamps of ,finland ,page #egg1 on the heighis louder on the heights louder ,page #ehc1 the thermoneter in the shade the thermometer in the shade ,page #ehg1 ,mahommed is his ,mohammed is his ,page #eij1 ,gutemburg ,gutenberg ,page #eie1 added missing chapter heading ,,chapter ,i4 ,page #eif1 the black-hazle-blossoms are fringed the black-hazel-blossoms are fringed ,page #eig1 ,paulina ,monroe1 aunt's neice ,paulina ,monroe1 aunt's niece ,page #eig1 my own neice my own niece ,page #fja1 ,ponto was was running off ,ponto was running off ,page #fja1 ,i think so to4 ,i think so too4 ,page #fjc1 ,you hav n't asked her4 ,you haven't asked her4 ,page #fjd1 ,straffordshire ,staffordshire ,page #fje1 help- her in her sewing-plans help her in her sewing-plans ,page #fjf1 ones having pretty teeth one's having pretty teeth ,page #fjg1 ,french and the ,mahratian ,french and the ,mahrattas ,page #fjh1 but ,colonel ,wellesly defeated but ,colonel ,wellesley defeated ,page #faj1 disgracefel as well disgraceful as well ,page #faj1 daring and and brilliant daring and brilliant ,page #faa1 execution of ,marsal ,ney execution of ,marshal ,ney ,page #faa1 commonality of the capiatl commonality of the capital ,page #fac1 memories of the surving memories of the surviving ,page #faf1 an active an energetic an active and energetic ,page #fag1 entered the santuary4 entered the sanctuary4 ,page #fbd1 her trembled least her trembled lest ,page #fbe1 officer's of the fort officers of the fort ,page #fbf1 the single white camilla the single white camellia ,page #fbf1 which ,i destest which ,i detest ,page #fca1 words of wordly wisdom words of worldly wisdom ,page #fcd1 the children's beadstead the children's bedstead ,page #fce1 quite presentible1 almost quite presentable1 almost ,page #fce1 ,i ,i thought the room ,i thought the room ,page #fce1 and ar n't they sweet and aren't they sweet ,page #fdj1 too1 was too feed too1 was to feed ,page #fdj1 her children heighttened her children heightened ,page #fda1 of painted canvass1 of painted canvas1 ,page #fdh1 ,first1 ,we see ,first1 we see ,page #fej1 so forciby struck the eye so forcibly struck the eye ,page #fec1 fo ,i am not for ,i am not ,page #fed1 of a ft1 of a fte1 ,page #fef1 was listenening to was listening to ,page #fef1 gold of the kindom gold of the kingdom ,page #feh1 ,it's asy to see ,it's easy to see ,page #ffc1 ,madame de ,parbere ,madame de ,parabre