,transcriber's ,notes ,every effort has been made to replicate this text as faithfully as possible1 including inconsistencies in spelling 7for example ,aroet _/ ,arout74 ,some obvious spelling and punctuation errors were corrected1 and some lines were added to the table of contents4 ,these corrections are listed at the end of the text4 ,italic text is marked with underscores4 ,text in small capitals is marked with tildes4 99 99 99 99 99 ,smithsonian ,report4 ,,on ,,the ,,construction ,,of ,,catalogues ,,of ,,libraries1 ,,and ,,their ,,publication ,,by ,,means ,,of ,,separate1 ,,stereotyped ,,titles4 ,,with ,,rules ,,and ,,examples4 ,,by ,,charles ,c4 ,,jewett1 ,,librarian ,,of ,,the ,,smithsonian ,,institution4 ,,second ,,edition4 ,,washington3 ,,published ,,by ,,the ,,smithsonian ,,institution4 #ahec4 ,,stereotyped ,,and ,,printed ,,at ,,the ,,smithsonian ,,institution4 ,,contents4 ,page4 ,,preface1 v ,,report4 ,,copy ,,of ,a ,,letter1 viii ,,report ,,of ,,commissioners1 ix ,,smithsonian ,,catalogue ,,system4 ,difficulties in publishing catalogues1 #c ,plan for obviating these difficulties1 #e ,application of the plan for the formation of a general catalogue1 #e ,advantages to be derived from the proposed system1 #f ,distinction between a catalogue and a bibliographical dictionary1 #aj ,the same titles to serve for general and particular catalogues1 #aa ,form of the catalogue1 #ac ,necessity of rules for the preparation of catalogues1 #ag ,duties of collaborators and superintendent1 #ai ,printing and ,stereotyping1 #bc ,preservation and use of the plates1 #bd ,construction of new catalogues1 #be ,,rules4 ,titles4 ,i4 ,to be transcribed in full1 #bi ,,ii4 ,to be transcribed with exactness1 #ca ,,iii4 ,to be repeated for every edition1 #cd ,,iv4 ,books without title-pages1 #ce ,v4 ,academical dissertations1 #cf ,,vi4 ,sermons1 #cf ,,vii4 ,periodical publications1 #cf ,,viii4 ,number of volumes1 how to be specified1 #cg ,,ix4 ,imprint1 #ch ,x4 ,designation of size1 #ci ,,xi4 ,number of pages1 #dc ,,xii4 ,additions to titles1 #dd ,headings4 ,,xiii4 ,to be1 generally1 the name of author1 #de ,,xiv4 ,names variously spelled1 #df ,,xv4 ,prefixes to names1 #df ,,xvi4 ,compound surnames1 #dh ,,xvii4 ,names changed1 #dh ,,xviii4 ,cases in which the first name is to be used1 #di ,,xix4 ,surnames of noblemen1 c41 #ej ,,xx4 ,joint productions of several authors1 #ej ,,xxi4 ,works of several authors in one series1 #ej ,,xxii4 ,works issued by collective bodies1 #eb ,,xxiii4 ,translations1 #ec ,,xxiv4 ,commentaries1 #ec ,,xxv4 ,the ,bible1 #ed ,,xxvi4 ,reports of ,trials1 #ed ,,xxvii4 ,theses1 #ed ,,xxviii4 ,pseudonymous publications1 #ed ,,xxix4 ,anonymous publications1 #ee ,cross-,references4 ,,xxx4 ,from one heading to another1 #eg ,,xxxi4 ,from headings to titles1 #eh ,arrangement4 ,,xxxii4 ,order of headings1 #ei ,,xxxiii4 ,order of titles1 #ei ,,xxxiv4 ,order of titles under name of author1 #fj #a4 ,collection of all the works1 #fj a4 ,without translations1 #fj b4 ,with one1 or several translations1 #fj c4 ,translations without the text1 #fj #b4 ,partial collections1 #fj #c4 ,selections1 or collected fragments1 #fj #d4 ,separate works1 #fa #e4 ,entire portions of a separate work1 #fa ,,xxxv4 ,order of titles under names of collective bodies1 #fa ,,xxxvi4 ,cross-references1 #fa ,,xxxvii4 ,special rule for entries under ,bible1 #fa ,,xxxviii4 ,maps1 ,engravings1 ,music1 #fb ,,xxxix4 ,exceptional cases1 #fd ,,examples4 ,,remarks ,,on ,,the ,,examples1 #fg ,,examples1 #fi ,,index ,,of ,,subjects1 #ia ,,explanations ,,of ,,initials1 #id ,,local ,,index1 #ie ,,preface4 ,this work is intended to explain the plan in operation at the ,smithsonian ,institution1 for preparing and stereotyping catalogues2 to furnish means of judging of its practicability and importance2 and to serve as a manual for librarians in its execution4 ,the first edition was printed in #aheb4 ,it was1 however1 limited to a small number of copies1 for distribution principally among those who would be likely to suggest improvements4 ,the work has1 since1 been carefully revised1 and is now published for more general circulation4 ,it was a long and difficult task to develop and adjust the details of this system1 and to make the mechanical arrangements for its successful prosecution4 ,the difficulties1 both theoretical and practical1 have been overcome4 ,the actual operation of the plan has shown its entire practicability1 and warrants the hope that its best promises will be realized4 ,this book has been stereotyped by a process entirely new1 peculiarly adapted to the stereotyping of separate titles1 or even single lines4 ,it has been fully reduced to practice for this special purpose1 and will doubtless be found1 in many other respects1 a valuable addition to the resources of the art of typography4 ,the expense of developing the plan has been borne by the ,smithsonian ,institution4 ,we have every reason to hope that it will promote the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men1 and justify the continual labor of superintendence4 ,in anticipation1 the task proposed seems formidable2 but it is to be accomplished1 title by title1 on a system1 which imposes no heavy burden upon any institution1 though it offers benefits to all4 ,it is not to be supposed that the public will take much interest in a work of professional details like this4 ,the subject more particularly addresses itself to those who are conversant with the management of libraries4 ,their instruction and experience will enable them to estimate aright the difficulty of the undertaking here set forth1 and to judge1 with fairness1 of its practical utility4 ,,report4 ,,copy ,,of ,a ,,letter ,addressed severally to the ,hon4 ,edward ,everett1 of ,cambridge2 ,charles ,folsom1 esq41 ,librarian of the ,boston ,athenum2 ,joseph ,g4 ,cogswell1 esq41 ,superintendent of the ,astor ,library1 ,new ,york2 ,george ,livermore1 esq41 of ,boston2 ,samuel ,f4 ,haven1 esq41 ,librarian of the ,american ,antiquarian ,society1 and the ,rev4 ,edward ,e4 ,hale1 of ,worcester4 ,smithsonian ,institution1 ,august #af1 #ahej4 ,dear ,sir3 ,the ,smithsonian ,institution1 desirous of facilitating research in literature and science1 and of thus aiding in the increase and diffusion of knowledge1 has resolved to form a general catalogue of the various libraries in the ,united ,states1 and ,i submit to you for examination the plans proposed by ,professor ,jewett1 librarian of the ,institution1 for accomplishing this object4 #ast4 ,a plan for stereotyping catalogues of libraries by separate titles1 in a uniform style4 #b;d4 ,a set of general rules1 to be recommended for adoption by the different libraries of the ,united ,states1 in the preparation of their catalogues4 ,professor ,jewett will present to you his plans in person1 and ,i beg leave1 in behalf of the ,executive ,committee of the ,institution1 to request that you will give this subject that attention which its importance demands1 and report3 ,first4 ,on the practicability of the plan presented4 ,second4 ,on the propriety of adopting the rules proposed4 ,you will also confer a favor on the ,institution1 by giving any suggestions with regard to the general proposition of forming a catalogue of all the libraries in this country4 ,i remain respectfully1 your obedient servant1 ,,joseph ,,henry1 ,secretary of the ,smithsonian ,institution4 ,,report ,of the ,commissioners appointed to examine the plan for forming a general stereotype catalogue of public libraries in the ,united ,states4 ,the undersigned were requested1 in the month of ,august last1 by a letter from ,professor ,henry1 written on behalf of the ,executive ,committee of the ,smithsonian ,institution1 to take into consideration the subject of a ,general ,catalogue of the public libraries of the ,united ,states1 proposed to be formed under the auspices of the said ,institution1 and more especially the plan proposed by ,professor ,jewett1 ,librarian of the ,institution1 for accomplishing that object4 ,having consented to act as ,commissioners for the above named purpose1 the subscribers had several interviews with ,professor ,jewett1 in the months of ,september and ,october1 at which he submitted to them1 #a4 ,a plan for stereotyping catalogues of libraries by separate1 movable titles of the books contained in them1 and1 #b4 ,a set of general rules1 to be recommended for adoption by the different public libraries in the ,united ,states1 in the preparation of their catalogues4 ,professor ,jewett's plan for stereotyping titles on separate plates is unfolded at considerable length1 in a paper read by him1 in the month of ,august last1 at the annual meeting of the ,american ,association for the ,advancement of ,science1 held at ,new ,haven4 ,for a full view of the advantages1 both economical and literary1 anticipated from the adoption of ,professor ,jewett's plan1 the undersigned would refer to the valuable and interesting paper just named4 ,they will allude briefly to a portion of these advantages4 ,the most important of them1 perhaps1 will be the economy of time1 labor1 and expense1 required for the preparation of a new edition of a catalogue1 to include the books added since a former edition was published4 ,on ,professor ,jewett's plan1 when the catalogue of a library is published1 it will be necessary to strike off only so many copies as are needed for present use4 ,when the additions to the library have become so considerable as to make another edition of the catalogue desirable1 or in lieu thereof1 a supplementary catalogue1 7always an unsatisfactory and embarrassing appendage17 the new titles only will be stereotyped and inserted in their proper places among the former titles1 all the titles being on movable plates4 ,the pages of the new edition will thus be made up with convenience1 and every book in the library will stand in its proper place in the catalogue4 ,this process will be repeated as often as the growth of the library may make it necessary4 ,in this way1 not only will the plates1 used in a former edition1 be available for each subsequent edition1 but when the plan is fairly and extensively in operation1 most of the titles of books added to any given library1 of whose catalogue a new edition is required1 will1 in the meantime1 have been cast for some other catalogue1 and thus occasion no new charge for any subsequent use1 as far as the expense of casting the plates is concerned4 ,the infant state and the prospective rapid increase of the public libraries in the ,united ,states1 as well as the frequent founding of new libraries1 give great interest to this feature of the plan4 ,another advantage of the proposed plan would be of the following nature3 ,the libraries in any country1 7to some extent1 indeed1 in all countries17 consist partly of the same books4 ,professor ,jewett states that1 in the catalogues of public libraries of the ,united ,states1 possessed by the ,smithsonian ,institution1 there are embraced at least four hundred and fifty thousand titles4 ,he estimates1 however1 after a laborious comparison1 that among these there will not be found more than one hundred and fifty thousand different titles4 ,it follows1 that if the plan proposed had been applied to the publication of these catalogues1 two-thirds of the expense of printing them1 as far as the cost of plates is concerned1 would have been saved1 by incurring the extra expense of stereotyping the remaining third according to this plan4 ,the economy to each particular library1 in the expense of plates for its catalogue1 will be in proportion to the number of books1 which it may contain in common with any other library1 whose catalogue has been already stereotyped on this plan4 ,the title of the same book1 in the same edition1 will1 of course1 be cast but once1 and will thenceforward serve for the catalogue of every library possessing that book1 which may enter into the arrangement4 ,a third advantage resulting from this plan will be the facility1 with which a classed catalogue1 either of a whole library or of any department of it1 might be furnished at short notice1 without the expense of writing out the titles1 or of casting new plates1 but by the simple indication of the selected titles1 in the margin of a printed alphabetical catalogue4 ,finally1 the plan of necessity requires that the titles of the books in the libraries1 included in the arrangement1 should be given on uniform principles1 and according to fixed rules2 an object of no small importance to those who consult them4 ,these and other incidental advantages1 which would result from the adoption of his plan of separate stereotype plates1 for the titles of books in public libraries1 are pointed out by ,professor ,jewett in the memoir above referred to1 and the undersigned are of opinion that he has not overrated their importance4 ,in proportion as the plan is concurred in by the public institutions and individuals possessing valuable collections of books1 the preparation of a general catalogue of all the libraries in the country becomes practicable1 accompanied by references from which it would appear in what library or libraries any particular book is contained4 ,the undersigned became satisfied1 in the course of their conferences with ,professor ,jewett1 that the plan in all its parts is practicable4 ,in connection with the explanation of its mechanical execution1 specimens of stereotype plates of separate titles1 made up into pages1 were submitted to them1 in common type metal1 in electrotype1 and in a newly-invented composition1 the use of which1 it is thought by its inventor1 would be attended with great economy in the cost of plates4 ,the undersigned examined these specimens with much gratification and interest1 but they did not feel themselves competent1 from their limited opportunities of inquiry1 nor did they regard it as falling within their province1 to form an opinion on the comparative merits of these processes4 ,they feel satisfied that no important mechanical difficulty is to be apprehended in carrying the plan into full effect4 ,a majority of the undersigned devoted themselves for several successive meetings to the careful consideration of the set of rules1 submitted to them by ,professor ,jewett1 for the uniform preparation of the titles of books4 ,this is a subject which has of late received much attention from bibliographers1 and is of great importance in the formation of the catalogues of public libraries4 ,professor ,jewett's rules combine the results of the experience of those who have given their attention to the subject in the principal libraries of ,europe1 especially of the ,british ,museum1 together with the fruits of his own experience and study4 ,these rules appear to the undersigned to be drawn up with judgment and care4 ,a few amendments were recommended by the undersigned1 and a few additions proposed1 but they are prepared to signify their approval of the system substantially as submitted to them4 ,in order that a beginning may be made in the execution of the plan1 under circumstances highly favorable to its success1 the undersigned take the liberty of suggesting1 that it would be advisable for the ,regents of the ,smithsonian ,institution to obtain the requisite authority1 to prepare a catalogue of the library of ,congress on the above-described plan4 ,a catalogue of this library is now very much wanted4 ,originally constructed on a defective plan1 and continued by the publication of a large number of supplements1 it is now almost useless2 and as the library increases1 it becomes daily more so4 ,the preparation of an alphabetical catalogue has in this way become a matter of absolute necessity for the library itself2 while it affords the best opportunity for commencing an arrangement1 by which the various libraries of the country will be brought into a mutually beneficial connexion with each other1 on the plan proposed by ,professor ,jewett4 ,the undersigned consider the permanent superintendence of this plan to be an object entirely within the province of the ,smithsonian ,institution4 ,they are satisfied that it will tend both to the increase and diffusion of knowledge1 and they therefore hope1 that the sanction of the ,regents and of ,congress will be given to the undertaking4 7,signed17 ,,edward ,,everett1 ,,joseph ,g4 ,,cogswell1 ,,charles ,,folsom1 ,,samuel ,f4 ,,haven1 ,,edward ,e4 ,,hale1 ,,george ,,livermore4 ,boston1 #bfth ,october1 #ahej4 ,,system4 ,,smithsonian ,,catalogue ,,system4 ,,difficulties ,,in ,,publishing ,,catalogues4 ,few persons1 except librarians1 are aware of the nature and extent of the difficulties1 which have been encountered1 in attempting to furnish suitable printed catalogues of growing libraries2 difficulties apparently insurmountable1 and menacing a common abandonment of the hope of affording guides1 so important1 to the literary accumulations of the larger libraries of ,europe4 ,it is1 of course1 entirely practicable to publish a complete and satisfactory catalogue of a library which is stationary4 ,but most public libraries are constantly and rapidly increasing4 ,this circumstance1 so gratifying on every other account1 is the source of the difficulties alluded to4 ,while the catalogue of such a library is passing through the press1 new books are received1 the titles of which it is impossible1 in the ordinary manner of printing1 to incorporate with the body of the work4 ,recourse must then be had to a supplement4 ,in no other way can the acquisitions of the library be made known to the public4 ,if the number of supplements be multiplied1 as they have been in the library of ,congress1 the student may be obliged to grope his weary way through ten catalogues1 instead of one1 in order to ascertain whether the book which he seeks be in the library4 ,he cannot be certain1 even then1 that the book is not in the collection1 for it may have been received1 since the last appendix was printed4 ,supplements soon become intolerable4 ,the whole catalogue must then be re-arranged and re-printed4 ,the expense of this process may be borne1 so long as the library is small1 but it soon becomes burdensome1 and1 ere long1 insupportable1 even to national establishments4 ,there is but one course left--not to print at all4 ,to this no scholar consents1 except from necessity4 ,but to this alternative1 grievous as it is1 nearly all the large libraries of ,europe have been reluctantly driven4 ,more than a century has passed1 since the printing of the catalogue of the ,royal ,library at ,paris was commenced4 ,it is not yet finished4 ,no one feels in it the interest which he would1 if he could hope to have its completeness sustained1 when once brought up to a given date4 ,dr4 ,pertz1 chief librarian of the ,royal ,library at ,berlin1 declares1 that to print the catalogue of a large library1 which is constantly increasing1 is to throw away money4 ,his opinion is founded upon the supposed impossibility of keeping up the catalogue1 so as continually to represent the actual possessions of the library4 ,the commissioners1 lately appointed by the ,queen of ,england1 to inquire into the constitution and management of the ,british ,museum1 have1 in their report1 expressed an opinion decidedly against the printing of the catalogue at all1 and principally on the ground that it must ever remain imperfect4 ,one of the witnesses1 7the ,right ,honorable ,j4 ,w4 ,croker17 examined before the commissioners1 thus strongly states the case with respect to printing3 ,you receive1 ,i suppose1 into your library every year some twenty thousand volumes1 or something like that4 ,why1 if you had a printed catalogue dropped down from ,heaven to you at this moment perfect1 this day twelve-month your twenty thousand interlineations would spoil the simplicity of that catalogue2 again the next year twenty thousand more2 and the next year twenty thousand more2 so that at the end of four or five years1 you would have your catalogue just in the condition that your new catalogue is now the manuscript part greater than the printed part4 ,with that new catalogue before your eyes1 ,i am astonished that there should be any discussion about it1 for there is the experiment2 the experiment has been made and failed4 ,not one ,european library1 of the first class1 has a complete printed catalogue1 in a single work4 ,the ,bodleian ,library is not an exception4 ,it may be necessary to search six distinct catalogues1 in order to ascertain whether any specified book were or were not in that collection1 at the close of the year #ahdg4 ,this is1 surely1 a disheartening state of things4 ,it has been felt and lamented by every one who has had the care of an increasing library4 ,,plan ,,for ,,obviating ,,these ,,difficulties4 ,as a remedy for this evil1 it is proposed to stereotype the titles separately1 and to preserve the plates or blocks1 in alphabetical order of the titles1 so as to be able readily to insert additional titles1 in their proper places1 and then to reprint the whole catalogue4 ,by these means1 the chief cost of re-publication 7that of composition7 together with the trouble of revision and correction of the press1 would1 except for new titles1 be avoided4 ,some of the great difficulties1 which have so long oppressed and discouraged librarians1 and involved libraries in enormous expenses1 may be thus overcome4 ,,application ,,of ,,the ,,plan ,,to ,,the ,,formation ,,of ,a ,,general ,,catalogue4 ,the peculiar position of the ,smithsonian ,institution suggested the application of this plan1 on a wider scale1 and for a more important purpose1 than that of merely facilitating the publication of new and complete editions of separate catalogues4 ,it had been proposed to form a general catalogue of all the books in the country1 with references to the libraries where each might be found4 ,the plan of stereotyping titles1 separately1 suggested the following system for the accomplishment of this important purpose3 #a4 ,the ,smithsonian ,institution to publish ,rules for the preparation of ,catalogues4 #b4 ,other institutions1 intending to publish catalogues of their books1 to be requested to prepare them in accordance with these rules1 with a view to their being stereotyped under the direction of the ,smithsonian ,institution4 #c4 ,the ,smithsonian ,institution to pay the whole extra expense of stereotyping1 or such part thereof as may be agreed on4 #d4 ,the stereotyped titles to remain the property of the ,smithsonian ,institution4 #e4 ,every library1 acceding to this plan1 to have the right of using all the titles in the possession of the ,institution1 as often as desired1 for the printing of its own catalogue1 by the ,smithsonian ,institution2 paying only the expense of making up the pages1 of press-work1 and of distributing the titles to their proper places4 #f4 ,the ,smithsonian ,institution to publish1 as soon as possible1 and at stated intervals1 a ,general ,catalogue of all ,libraries coming into this system4 ,,advantages ,,to ,,be ,,derived ,,from ,,this ,,system ,,of ,,preparing ,,catalogues4 ,the plan of stereotyping the titles1 separately1 would be of great value to every increasing library1 independent of any general system4 ,such a library1 in the first issue of its catalogue1 would be obliged to incur an additional expense for stereotyping1 which we may1 for the present1 state at fifty per centum above the price for composition4 ,but1 in the first reprint1 both these expenses would be saved2 so that the whole cost of the two editions would1 in this respect1 be twenty-five per cent4 less1 if stereotyped4 ,moreover1 it would be necessary to print only a comparatively small number of copies1 when the book1 in a more perfect state1 could be reproduced so easily2 much would therefore be saved in paper and press-work4 ,besides1 the arrangement of the titles1 for a reprint1 would pass from the hands of the librarian to those of the printer4 ,the proof-reading1 also1 would have been done1 once for all4 ,in keeping up such a catalogue1 the attention and labor of the librarian would have to be bestowed only upon additional titles4 ,reckoning1 thus1 the expense of stereotyping as a part of the diminished cost of the first reprint1 the saving1 for every subsequent repetition1 would be equal to the whole original cost of composition and proof-reading1 for the part already stereotyped1 and a considerable part of that of paper1 press-work1 and re-arrangement4 ,it is1 therefore1 demonstrable that the economy of the plan would be very great1 to every library publishing and reprinting its catalogues1 even without connection with the system proposed4 ,but1 in connection with a general system1 the advantages of this plan would be greatly increased1 inasmuch as the same books are to be found in many libraries4 ,if the titles1 which have been stereotyped for one library1 may be used for another having the same books1 the saving to the second would be equal to the whole cost of composition and stereotyping of the titles common to the two1 added to that of preparation of such titles4 ,at least one quarter of the titles in any two general libraries1 of ten thousand volumes and upwards1 may safely be supposed to be the same4 ,the saving1 from this source1 to the second library1 would1 therefore1 go far towards defraying the extra expense of stereotyping4 ,a third institution1 adopting the plan1 would be likely to find a very large proportion of its titles identical with those already stereotyped1 and the amount saved by the use of these titles1 would1 perhaps1 be sufficient to counterbalance the whole extra expenditure for stereotyping4 ,at any rate1 the extra expense would be constantly and rapidly diminishing1 and would1 probably after the fourth or fifth catalogue1 cease entirely4 ,the ,smithsonian ,institution would not1 therefore1 be required to assume the charge of an enterprise1 which might involve it in great and increasing expense1 but merely to organize1 and to guide a system1 which will almost immediately pay its own way1 and will soon save large sums of money to our public libraries4 ,that the aggregate economy of this plan would be very great1 may be seen from the following statement3 ,in fifteen thousand pages1 mostly in octavo1 of catalogues of public libraries in the ,united ,states1 there were found to be more than four hundred and fifty thousand titles4 ,but1 according to the best estimate which could be made1 these catalogues contained not more than one hundred and fifty thousand different titles4 ,two-thirds1 at least1 of the whole cost of printing these catalogues 7except the extra expense incurred by stereotyping the titles which differed7 might have been saved1 by following this plan4 ,having shown its economy when employed by single libraries1 and its greater economy1 in connection with a general system1 it is proper to suggest a few1 among the many benefits to the cause of knowledge1 which the general adoption of this method would seem to promise4 ,it can hardly be necessary to dwell1 at length1 upon the benefits to be expected from a general printed catalogue of all books in the public libraries of ,america4 ,by means of it1 every student in this country would be able to learn the full extent of his resources for investigation4 ,the places where books could be found1 might be indicated in the catalogue4 ,a correspondence could be kept up between this ,institution and every other library in the country4 ,a system of exchange and of loans might1 with certain stringent conditions1 be established1 or1 when the loan of a book would be impracticable1 extracts could be copied1 quotations verified1 and researches made1 through the intervention of this ,institution1 as effectually to the purpose of the student1 in most cases1 as a personal examination of the book4 ,all the literary treasures of the country might thus be made measurably available to every scholar4 ,again1 this general catalogue would enable purchasers of books for public libraries1 to consult judiciously for the wants of the country4 ,so poor are we in the books which scholars need2 so long1 at best1 must we remain in a condition of provincial dependence in literary matters2 that a responsibility to the whole country rests upon the man1 who selects books for any public library4 ,an important advantage of this system is1 that it allows us to vary the form of the catalogue1 at will1 from the alphabetical to the classed1 and to modify the classification as we please4 ,the titles1 separately stereotyped1 may change their order at command4 ,if1 for example1 it were required to print a separate list of all books in the country1 on the subject of meteorology1 it would merely be necessary to check off1 in the general catalogue1 the titles to be used1 leaving to the printer the rest of the work4 ,another highly beneficial result would be1 the attainment of a much higher degree of uniformity than could otherwise be hoped for4 ,the rules for cataloguing must be stringent1 and should meet1 as far as possible1 all difficulties of detail4 ,nothing1 so far as can be avoided1 should be left to the individual taste or judgment of the cataloguer4 ,he should be a man of sufficient learning1 accuracy and fidelity1 to apply the rules4 ,in cases of doubt1 reference should be made to the central establishment1 to which the whole work should be submitted1 page by page1 for examination and revision4 ,thus1 we should have all our catalogues formed substantially on one plan4 ,now1 even if the one adopted were that of the worst of our catalogues1 if it were strictly followed in all alike1 their uniformity would render catalogues1 thus made1 far more useful than the present chaos of irregularities4 ,the best possible system ought1 however1 to be the object of our aim4 ,it is an important consideration1 that this plan would greatly facilitate the formation of an ,american bibliography1 or a complete account of all books published in ,america4 ,by law1 a copy of every book1 for which a copyright shall be secured1 in this country1 is required to be delivered to the ,smithsonian ,institution1 and to be preserved therein4 ,it is hoped1 that additional legislation1 on this subject1 will soon lighten the burdens of publishers1 and secure the observance of this law1 in all cases4 ,the collection of books thus obtained and preserved1 will present a complete monumental history of ,american literature1 during the existence of the law4 ,it is needless to enlarge upon its value1 in this point of view4 ,if1 now1 a list of these publications1 as they come into the library1 should1 month by month1 be published in a ,bulletin1 and the titles immediately stereotyped1 the expense would be but trifling of issuing1 every year1 a catalogue of books copyrighted in ,america1 during the year1 and printing1 every five years1 a general catalogue of ,american publications1 up to that limit4 ,thus1 monthly bulletins1 annual lists1 and quinquennial catalogues would furnish full and satisfactory records of ,american publications4 ,another general consideration is1 that this project looks towards the accomplishment of that cherished dream of scholars1 a universal catalogue4 ,if the system should be successful1 in this country1 it may eventually be so in every country of ,europe4 ,when all shall have adopted and carried out the plan1 each for itself1 the aggregate of general catalogues1 thus formed--few in number--will embrace the whole body of literature extant1 and from them1 it will be no impossible task to digest and publish a universal bibliography4 ,how much this would promote the progress of knowledge1 by showing1 more distinctly1 what has been attempted and accomplished1 and what yet remains to be achieved1 and thus indicating the path of useful effort2 how much1 by rebuking the rashness which rushes into authorship1 ignorant of what others have written1 and adding to the mass of books1 without adding to the sum of knowledge2 how much1 by giving confidence to the true and heroic student1 who fears no labor1 so that it bring him to the height at which he aims--the summit of learning1 in the branch to which he devotes himself2 are objects which deserve the hopeful attention of all who desire their attainment4 ,,distinction ,,between ,a ,,catalogue ,,and ,a ,,bibliographical ,,dictionary4 ,a catalogue of a library is1 strictly speaking1 but a list of the titles of the books1 which it contains4 ,it is not generally expected to give any further description of a book than the author gives1 or ought to give in the title-page1 and the publisher1 in the imprint1 or colophon2 except the designation of form1 which is1 almost universally1 added4 ,a bibliographical dictionary is supposed to contain1 besides the titles of books1 such descriptions1 more or less extended1 drawn from all available sources of information1 as may be necessary to furnish means of identifying each work1 of distinguishing its different editions1 of ascertaining the requisites of a perfect copy1 of learning all facts of interest respecting its authorship1 publication1 typography1 subsequent casualties1 alterations1 etc41 its market value1 and the estimation in which it is held4 ,a catalogue is designed to show what books are contained in a particular collection1 and nothing more4 ,persons in want of further information1 are expected to seek for it in bibliographical dictionaries1 literary histories1 or similar works4 ,inasmuch1 however1 as bibliographical works are not always accessible1 or known to the investigator1 additions are1 not unfrequently1 made to the titles1 in catalogues1 of such notices as belong more appropriately to bibliographical dictionaries1 as above described4 ,these1 of course1 impart to such catalogues greater value and usefulness4 ,as bibliographers1 we cannot indeed but wish1 that the catalogue of every library were a bibliographical dictionary of its books4 ,practically1 however1 we must restrict our efforts1 within the limits of probable accomplishment4 ,there is no species of literary labor so arduous1 or which makes so extensive demands upon the learning of the author1 as that of the preparation of such works4 ,the most which one man can hope to effect1 in this department1 is to examine and describe books1 in some special branch of knowledge1 or books of some particular class1 as palotypes1 books privately printed1 a selection of books most esteemed by collectors1 c4 ,it is too much to expect1 that every librarian can find time1 or possess learning1 for such a description of all books under his care4 ,besides1 this would be a waste of labor and of money4 ,the same description would be prepared and printed1 a hundred or a thousand times4 ,it is doubtless desirable1 that such results of original investigations of librarians1 as are not to be found in any of the bibliographical dictionaries1 should be given1 in the catalogues which they publish4 ,in other cases1 also1 as will appear hereafter1 it may be important to give1 in a catalogue1 fuller and more accurate descriptions of books1 than are to be found upon their title-pages2 but the principle should be established1 and ever borne in mind1 that a catalogue1 being designed to be merely a list of titles1 with imprints and designations of size1 all additional descriptions should be limited and regulated by explicit rules1 in order to give uniformity and system to the work1 and to restrict its bulk and cost1 within reasonable bounds4 ,,preparation ,,of ,,titles ,,so ,,as ,,to ,,serve ,,for ,,both ,,general ,,and ,,particular ,,catalogues4 ,it is proposed to prepare and stereotype catalogues of particular libraries1 in such a manner1 that the titles can be used1 without alteration1 for constructing a ,general ,catalogue4 ,this requires1 that the title of every book be such1 as will apply to every copy of the same edition4 ,if the edition be different1 the book is to be considered different4 ,in almost every instance1 the title also1 is different4 ,there are1 indeed1 cases1 where the title of a book is the same1 in two editions1 while the body of the work is more or less altered4 ,such instances are1 however1 of rare occurrence4 ,they are1 or should be1 recorded in bibliographical works4 ,they could only be described by one1 who should place the two books side by side1 and compare them together4 ,in general1 titles vary with the editions4 ,we may1 therefore1 in using a title transcribed from one copy of a book1 for other copies1 avoid trouble by preparing and stereotyping a new title for every distinct edition2 treating new editions as new books4 ,so that1 if copies of various editions of a work exist in several libraries1 each will appear with a distinct title1 in the ,general ,catalogue4 ,this method of forming a general catalogue requires1 further1 that peculiarities of copy1 which it may be desirable to note in preparing the catalogues of particular libraries1 should not be stated within the titles2 but1 if at all1 in notes appended to the titles1 and entirely separate from them4 ,one copy of the same edition of a book may be on vellum1 another1 on paper2 one may be in quarto form1 another in octavo2 one may have cancelled leaves1 another1 the substituted leaves1 another1 added leaves2 some may contain autographs2 some1 valuable manuscript notes2 others may be bound by ,roger ,payne1 etc41 etc4 ,these are peculiarities of copy1 and they may be as numerous as the number of copies in the edition4 ,they are not noticed in title-pages1 and1 consequently1 would not modify the entries in a catalogue1 which takes cognizance of titles alone4 ,the printed matter1 which constitutes the book1 as a literary production1 is not altered1 in any of these cases1 except in that of cancelled1 substituted1 or added leaves4 ,it is indeed true1 that1 occasionally1 alterations are made in the body of a book1 while it is passing through the press3 that is to say1 after a few copies have been struck off1 some error may be discovered and corrected1 or some word may be substituted for another4 ,but1 such changes are always slight1 and can only be detected1 by comparing two or more copies of a work together4 ,in the case of cancelled leaves1 it may1 sometimes be desirable to print in the general catalogue1 the description of rare and important copies possessed by particular libraries4 ,but these cases would occur comparatively seldom4 ,the rule would be1 to omit from the title to be stereotyped1 all account of peculiarities1 or defects of copies4 ,in cataloguing particular libraries1 such peculiarities should be stated1 upon the card1 after the title1 but separate from it4 ,they may be printed1 at the expense of such libraries1 in the form of notes to their catalogues4 ,the notes for any particular library may be made as extensive1 as the means of the institution1 and the learning and leisure of its librarian permit4 ,there is another particular1 in which the catalogue title might vary1 in different copies3 that1 of designation of size4 ,the same book1 in the same edition1 may have copies in quarto1 in octavo1 and in duodecimo4 ,the size of the printed page is1 however1 in all these cases1 the same2 otherwise1 the edition is different4 ,all difficulty1 on this account1 therefore1 is obviated1 and all confusion of editions prevented1 by adopting1 instead of1 or in addition to the usual designation of form1 as the indication of size1 the measurement of the printed page1 in inches and tenths4 ,other reasons for this mode of marking the size of books1 with minute directions1 will be given hereafter4 ,,form ,,of ,,the ,,catalogue4 ,the titles constituting the catalogue may be variously arranged4 ,they may be placed under the names of authors1 and the names disposed in alphabetical order2 they may be grouped in classes1 according to subjects2 or they may be made to follow the order of the date1 or place of printing4 ,the two most common forms for catalogues1 are the alphabetical and the classed4 ,much controversy has arisen respecting their comparative usefulness4 ,it is not necessary to revive it here1 since the system now proposed1 renders it easy to vary the order of titles1 so as to suit any desired form4 ,for the ,general ,catalogue1 however1 it is1 for several reasons1 desirable to adopt the alphabetical arrangement4 ,it would be impossible to propose any system of classification1 which would command general approval1 or upon which a commission of competent bibliographers would be unanimous in opinion4 ,a classification1 founded upon the nature of things1 though it has occupied the best thoughts of such men as ,bacon1 ,leibnitz1 ,d',alembert1 ,coleridge1 ,ampre1 and many others1 has not yet been attained4 ,every classification which has been proposed or used1 is more or less arbitrary1 and consequently unsatisfactory1 and liable to be altered or superseded4 ,if1 however1 it were possible to agree upon a system of classification1 the attempt to carry it out would1 in a work like that proposed1 be fatal to uniformity4 ,where different men were applying the same system1 their opinions would vary1 with their varying intelligence and skill4 ,this would lead to utter and irremediable confusion1 and would eventually defeat all our plans4 ,even were these objections obviated1 the occurrence of fewer difficulties in constructing an alphabetical catalogue would still present a decisive argument in its favor4 ,even these are great4 ,if increased1 by an attempt at classification1 they would soon lead to an abandonment of the work4 ,another consideration of great weight is1 that1 in reprinting classified catalogues1 and inserting additions1 if the titles were kept in systematic order1 the work of selecting those to be used1 and of distributing them to their places1 would have to be done by a person1 who1 besides being a practical printer1 should be familiar with the bibliographical system adopted4 ,this would be very expensive4 ,whereas1 on the alphabetical plan1 any printer could do the whole4 ,on general considerations1 without special reference to those which are peculiar to this system of publishing1 alphabetical catalogues are to be preferred2--catalogues in which all the works of each author are placed under his name1 and the names of authors are arranged alphabetically2 anonymous works being entered under the first word of the title1 not an article or preposition4 ,such is now the general opinion of competent bibliographers and literary men4 ,the ,edinburgh ,review1 in an able and interesting article upon the ,british ,museum1 holds the following language3 ,it seems to have been almost universally agreed that the catalogue ought to be alphabetical4 ,some time ago the current of opinion among literary men seemed to be setting towards classed catalogues1 or those in which the books are arranged according to subjects4 ,we had hardly supposed that this illusion 7as we hold it to be7 had become so nearly obsolete as the evidence before us shows that it is3 and this disappearance of a most injurious opinion1 which never was entertained to any extent by the really experienced in bibliography1 encourages us to hope that it will not be long before the professional persons just alluded to librarians will be admitted to know best on all the points which have been raised relative to the care of a large library4 ,the experience of all students1 of all who use books1 if carefully noted1 will show1 that1 in a vast majority of cases1 whoever wishes to refer to books in a library1 knows the names of their authors4 ,it follows1 that this form of arrangement must be1 in the main1 the most convenient2 and if any other be pursued1 it can but accommodate the minority1 at the expense of the majority4 ,still1 it is indisputable that1 oftentimes1 the names of authors are not known2 that one knows1 merely1 what subjects he wishes to investigate4 ,it may be said1 that a catalogue1 being designed to be merely a list of books contained in a library1 is not to be expected to furnish this information2 and that references to all authors1 treating of any particular subjects1 may be obtained from bibliographical works1 encyclopdias1 and other sources of information4 ,this is true4 ,but1 unfortunately1 these sources of information are not generally known1 or not readily accessible1 even to men of considerable attainments and scholarship4 ,it becomes1 then1 a question of importance how far the wants of such persons are to be provided for4 ,the following remarks on this subject are worthy of attentive consideration3 ,on this1 as on other points1 we may observe that two descriptions of persons consult a catalogue--those who know precisely what book they are in search of1 and those who do not4 ,the first will find by any rule1 so soon as they have learnt it2 and will be glad indeed of a catalogue which preserves its consistency1 even though #fjj1jjj titles1 running over four quarters of the globe1 four centuries of time1 and four hundred varieties of usage1 should actually require ninety-one#a rules of digestion4 ,the second class could easily be suited1 if all their imperfect conceptions tended to the same case of confusion3 and1 as being the majority1 would have a right to the adoption of the one nearly universal misconception2 which1 being one1 would furnish a rule4 ,but it is truth which is single1 while error is manifold2 and consequently1 it is clear to every common sense except that of men of letters claiming1 as such1 to be bibliographers1 that one of two things should be done3--either the truth should be taken1 when known1 or in the event of it being possible to be wrong1 the error should be the consequence of a digested and easily-apprehended rule1 consistently applied throughout4 ,if the framer of the catalogue be allowed to do as he likes1 the consulter of it must do as he can4 ,now which of the two classes should be considered in preference1--those who know what they want or those who do not8 ,the ,doctor of ,divinity already quoted1 gives this as one of his rules3 ',item1 whan anie man comith and wotteth not what he wold haue1 then he 7the keper of the ,bokys7 shall tell hym1 and doe hym to understond hys besynesse4' ,this can be done1 to a certain extent1 by cross-references4 ,but1 all cross-references being concessions to want of accurate knowledge1 it is plain that discretionary entries1 with discretionary cross-references1 would form a plan which puts entirely out of the question the convenience of the person who knows exactly what he wants2 which kills both calf and cow for the less deserving son1 without giving the power of making any answer to the complaint of the one who never fed on husks4 ,nothing is stranger in the course of the evidence before us1 than the quiet manner in which the opponents of the existing plan take it for granted that no one ever goes with a precise knowledge of the title-page of the work he seeks1 unless it be the coolness with which this accurate inquirer is told1 as ,mr4 ,carlyle said to those who write useful knowledge1 that he is one 'whom it is not worth while to take much trouble to accommodate4' #a ,these are not all that might be wanted4 ,for example1 the case is not provided for1 though it has occurred1 in which an author1 in his title-page1 invites the reader to make his choice between two ways of spelling his own name4 ,here1 we are to presume1 some of our witnesses would take the first method given1 others would leave the cataloguer to comply with the author's request4 ,but it is convenient even for those to whom the principles and means of research are best known1 to be able to ascertain1 readily1 what books1 of those which they know to have been written upon the subjects of their investigation1 are to be found in the particular libraries which they consult4 ,this end may be attained in the following manner4 ,in connection with the catalogue of each library1 there should be an index of subjects4 ,this index should also be alphabetical4 ,under each subject1 the divisions which naturally belong to it1 should be distinctly recognized4 ,it may here be remarked1 that the parts of any particular science1 or branch of learning1 may be clearly defined1 and universally acknowledged1 whilst the relation of this science1 or branch of learning1 to others1 may not be clearly established4 ,to use the words of a vigorous writer upon this subject3 ,take a library upon one science1 and it classifies beautifully1 sketching out1 to a nicety1 the boundaries1 which1 it is too rarely noticed1 are much more distinct between the parts of a subject1 than between one subject and another4 ,long after the counties of ,england and ,scotland were well determined1 the debateable land was nothing but a theatre of war4 ,this index should be alphabetical1 rather than classed1 because it is easier to find a word1 in an alphabetical arrangement1 than in any other order of classification2 and1 besides1 the subject of research may be one not admitted1 as a distinct division1 in any classification4 ,such indexes can hardly be expected1 immediately1 in connection with the general catalogue2 though1 it is to be hoped1 that these valuable appendages will not long be1 of necessity1 omitted4 ,a method of securing uniformity in such indexes may1 hereafter1 be agreed upon1 so that they may be combined and form an alphabetical index of subjects to the general catalogue4 ,it is thought best1 however1 for the present1 to limit our efforts to the procuring of good alphabetical catalogues1 as a groundwork1 to which other valuable aids to research1 may1 as opportunities offer1 be superadded4 ,,necessity ,,of ,,rules ,,for ,,the ,,preparation ,,of ,,catalogues4 ,the preparation of a catalogue may seem a light task1 to the inexperienced1 and to those who are unacquainted with the requirements of the learned world1 respecting such works4 ,in truth1 however1 there is no species of literary labor so arduous and perplexing4 ,the peculiarities of titles are1 like the idiosyncracies of authors1 innumerable4 ,books are in all languages1 and treat of subjects as multitudinous as the topics of human thought4 ,liability to error and to confusion is1 here1 so great and so continual1 that it is impossible to labor successfully1 without a rigid adherence to rules4 ,although such rules be not formally enunciated1 they must exist in the mind of the cataloguer1 and guide him1 or the result of his labors will be mortifying and unprofitable4 ,in this country1 he who undertakes to prepare a catalogue1 goes to the work under great disadvantages1 in many respects4 ,few have had opportunity to acquire the requisite bibliographical knowledge and experience2 and few libraries contain the necessary books of reference4 ,a set of rules1 therefore1 seems peculiarly necessary for the assistance of librarians4 ,minute and stringent rules become absolutely indispensable1 when the catalogue of each library is1 as upon the proposed plan1 to form part of a general catalogue4 ,uniformity is1 then1 imperative2 but1 among many laborers1 can only be secured by the adherence of all to rules embracing1 as far as possible1 the minutest details of the work4 ,the rules which follow were drawn up with great care4 ,they are founded upon those adopted for the compilation of the catalogue of the ,british ,museum2 some of them are1 verbatim1 the same4 ,others conform more to rules advocated by ,mr4 ,panizzi1 than to those finally sanctioned by the ,trustees of the ,museum4 ,many modifications and additions have been made1 adapted to the peculiar character of the system now proposed4 ,some innovations have been introduced1 which1 it is hoped1 may be considered improvements4 ,the commissioners1 appointed to examine and report upon the catalogue project1 considered not only its general features1 but1 also1 its minute details4 ,to them1 were submitted the rules for cataloguing1 which were separately discussed1 and1 after having been variously amended and modified1 were recommended for adoption4 ,it is too much to suppose that any code should provide for every case of difficulty which may occur4 ,the great aim1 here1 has been to establish principles1 and to furnish analogies1 by which many cases1 not immediately discussed1 may be indirectly settled2 and1 it is believed1 that the instances will be few1 which cannot be determined1 by studying the rules1 with the remarks under them2 and carefully considering the characteristics of this kind of catalogue4 ,it should be remembered that a principal object of the rules is to secure uniformity2 and that1 consequently1 some rules1 which may seem unnecessarily burdensome1 and1 in certain applications1 even capricious1 are1 all things considered1 the best2 because they secure that uniformity1 which is not otherwise possible of attainment1 and without which1 the catalogues could not be comprehended in a general system4 ,,duties ,,of ,,collaborators ,,and ,,superintendent4 ,the catalogue of each library is to be prepared1 in accordance with the rules1 under the immediate direction of the librarian1 by transcribers employed by him4 ,should the system here proposed come into general use1 it will probably be found expedient to have persons specially trained to the business1 who shall go from place to place1 for the purpose of making catalogues4 ,much of the value of the work will1 of course1 depend upon the faithfulness and learning of those who first prepare the titles4 ,the qualifications1 both natural and acquired1 demanded for the suitable accomplishment of their task1 are1 unfortunately1 rare4 ,no person1 who is impatient1 indolent1 inaccurate1 or careless in his personal habits2 who is ignorant of literary history and bibliography2 who is unacquainted with the classical1 and with the most important modern languages2 or who is destitute of that general knowledge of the circle of the sciences1 which is attained in1 what is usually called1 a liberal education2 can be expected to make a catalogue of a general library1 that will not be discreditable to the compiler1 and to the institution employing him4 ,great care should1 therefore1 be exercised in selecting men for such work4 ,it is proper to remark1 in this place1 that no one1 whatever may be his talents1 attainments and industry1 can safely work with the rapidity1 which the public1 and committees 7inexperienced in catalogue-making1 however judicious and well-instructed in other matters7 frequently require4 ,it is impossible to say what would be a good average rate of performance1 in cataloguing a library1 without knowing exactly the kind of works it contains4 ,the best and only satisfactory criterion is furnished by the rate of progress in the ,british ,museum1 the ,national ,library of ,paris1 and other large libraries containing books of all kinds4 ,a trial of many years has shown that men possessed of the best qualifications1 long practised in the work1 with every advantage of a systematic division of labor1 of access to all necessary books of reference1 and to persons who could help them in emergencies1 provided with every mechanical facility and assistance to be desired1 can prepare about forty or fifty titles a day4 ,the danger of working with too great rapidity1 without rules1 and without suitable bibliographical preparation1 was most strikingly illustrated during the discussions of the ,british ,museum ,commission4 ,the following account of the particular instance alluded to is extracted from an article in the ,edinburgh ,review for ,october1 #ahej3 ,mr4 ,payne ,collier1 the secretary of the ,commission1 undertook to show how the ,museum catalogue should be made1 without reference to any preceding one4 ,mr4 ,collier prepared1 according to his own views1 twenty-five titles1 done in an hour1 of books from his own library1 and with which he was therefore previously well acquainted4 ,they were handed to ,mr4 ,panizzi1 with the full consent of the writer1 and an invitation of criticism4 ,mr4 ,payne ,collier is known to our readers3 but to 'excuse the tone of confidence' he assumed1 he described himself1 in handing over these slips1 as having attained a certain reputation in letters and particularly in antiquarian literature4 ,the description is as correct a one as could be looked for from ,mr4 ,collier himself3 and the ,society of ,antiquaries1 the ,shakspeare and ,camden ,societies1 and the ,royal ,society of ,literature could inform the public1 if need were1 that he did not overrate himself4 ,moreover1 his confidence was proved and supported by the most explicit dealing3 he willingly lent those of the books he had described which were not in the ,museum library1 and1 after the criticism to which we are coming1 he offered no plea of haste4 ,on the contrary1 when a contemporary journal1 of opposite views to our own1 called them1 by way of extenuation1 his 'hurried slips1' he wrote a public letter in correction of the designation1 maintaining that they were 'not hurried in any sense of the word1' and adhering to the defence1 presently to be noticed1 which he had circulated among the ,commissioners in a private pamphlet4 ,mr4 ,panizzi put these slips into the hands of ,mr4 ,jones1 his senior assistant1 requesting him to report upon them4 ,the report was as follows3 ',these twenty-five titles contain almost every possible error which can be committed in cataloguing books1 and are open to almost every possible objection which can be brought against concise titles4 ,the faults may be classed as follows3--#ast4 ,incorrect or insufficient description1 calculated to mislead as to the nature or condition of the work specified4 #bnd4 ,omission of the names of editors1 whereby we lose a most necessary guide in selecting among different editions of the same work4 #crd4 ,omission of the ,christian names of authors1 causing great confusion between the works of different authors who have the same surname--a confusion increasing in proportion to the extent of the catalogue4 #dth4 ,omission of the names of annotators4 #eth4 ,omission of the names of translators4 #fth4 ,omission of the number of the edition1 thus rejecting a most important and direct evidence of the value of a work4 #gth4 ,adopting the name of the editor as a heading1 when the name of the author appears in the title-page4 #hth4 ,adopting the name of the translator as a heading1 when the name of the author appears on the title-page4 #ith4 ,adopting as a heading the title or name of the author merely as it appears on the title-page--a practice which would distribute the works of the ,bishop of ,london under the names ,blomfield1 ,chester1 and ,london2 and those of ,lord ,ellesmere under ,gowan1 ,egerton1 and ,ellesmere4 #ajth4 ,using ,english or some other language instead of the language of the title-page4 #aath4 ,cataloguing anonymous works1 or works published under initials1 under the name of the supposed author4 ,where this practice is adopted1 the books so catalogued can be found only by those who possess the same information as the cataloguer1 and uniformity of system is impossible1 unless the cataloguer know the author of every work published anonymously or under initials4 #abth4 ,errors in grammar4 #acth4 ,errors in description of the size of the book4 ,we have here faults of thirteen different kinds in twenty-five titles1 and the number of these faults amount to more than two in each title4 ,a large proportion of them1 moreover1 is of such a nature that it would be impossible to detect them when the written title is separated from the book2 for example1 ,mr4 ,collier has catalogued an edition of the ,odyssey1 with a ,latin title1 as though the title were in ,greek4 ,a mere perusal of ,mr4 ,collier's title would not lead any person to suspect the existence of such a blunder4 ,i may say 7says ,mr4 ,panizzi71 by way of parenthesis1 that when ,i saw this ,odyssey1 printed at ,oxford1 with a ,greek title1 ,i sent everywhere to try to find it4 ,i had one with a ,latin title of the same year1 and of the same size1 but ,i could not be sure that it was the same4 ,i sent to ,oxford2 ,i made all sorts of inquiries2 nobody knew such an ,odyssey with a ,greek title2 but still this was negative evidence1 until ,i begged the favor of ,mr4 ,collier to show me the book itself from which he drew up his title4 ,the title is in ,latin1 therefore the idea created by his title1 that there was another edition of the ,odyssey in the same year and of the same size1 at ,oxford1 is wrong2 there was only one4 ,two editions of ,madame de ,stael's work on the ,french ,revolution appeared at ,paris in #ahah2 but ,mr4 ,collier's title making no mention of the edition1 the inference would arise that the copy to which it referred was of the first rather than of the second edition4 ,it is a fallacy to say that errors can be corrected on a subsequent perusal of the titles or in print1 unless that perusal be an actual comparison of the title with the book4 ,in fact1 in the case of the ,odyssey with the ,greek title1 the title looked to all intents and purposes very correct1 but it was not correct4 ,where we see such a result as is shown above1 from an experiment made by a gentleman of education2 accustomed to research1 and acquainted with books generally1 upon only twenty-five works1 taken from his own library1 and of the most easy description1 we may form some idea of what a catalogue would be1 drawn up1 in the same manner1 by ten persons1 of about #fjj1jjj works1 embracing every branch of human learning1 and presenting difficulties of every possible description4 ,the average number of faults being more than two to a title1 the total is somewhat startling--about #a1cjj1jjj faults for the #fjj1jjj works2 that is1 supposing the proportion to continue the same4 ,but it must be borne in mind that the proportion of errors would increase with the number of titles2 that to errors in drawing up each individual title would be superadded the errors which would unavoidably occur in the process of arranging the titles1 and subsequently in the printing4 ,in short1 ,i humbly conceive that it would be impossible to prove the inexpediency of ,mr4 ,collier's plan more effectually than he has himself done2 and ,i hope ,i may add1 without giving offence1 that1 had ,i seen these titles under any other circumstances than the present1 ,i should have concluded that the object was to show how nearly worthless would be a catalogue1 the proposed advantages of which were short titles1 drawn up and printed within the shortest possible period of time4' ,mr4 ,jones then proceeded to a detailed proof of his assertions4 ,in a case of this kind1 we are inclined to think that ,mr4 ,collier should have had a reply3 but the question is complicated1 for though here assailed1 he was an assailant1 and moreover was an officer of the court who had been permitted to make himself a partizan1 and to support his own views by circulating pamphlets among the judges1 which a sense of official propriety prevented ,mr4 ,panizzi from answering in the same way4 ,mr4 ,collier did answer in a pamphlet addressed to the ,commissioners1 as well as 7recently7 in the journal alluded to4 ,the answer does not deny one iota of ,mr4 ,jones's imputation3 it merely protests against being tried by ,mr4 ,panizzi's rules4 ',i intended1' says ,mr4 ,collier1 'my ,english mode of cataloguing to be diametrically opposed to his foreign mode1 which might do well enough for stationary or retrograding countries1 where want of enlightenment is at this hour producing the most lamentable consequences1 but which was totally unfit for this country1 where inquiry is active1 where education is daily extending1 and which mainly owes to the spread of education#b the happiness and tranquillity it enjoys4 ,nothing therefore could be more obviously unjust than to test my titles by ,mr4 ,panizzi's rules4 ,i discarded them altogether2 ,i threw them overboard at once1 and en masse4444' #b ,we understand ,mr4 ,collier to imply that education is much more extended in ,england than in ,prussia4 ,we are ,english as well as ,mr4 ,collier2 but we do not see that progress and enlightenment are essentially connected with bad bibliography at two errors and a fraction per title4 ,neither do we think ,mr4 ,collier's defence more valid than would be that of an incorrect arithmetician who should attribute the rules to ,cocker or ,walkingame1 and protest against the jurisdiction4 ,mr4 ,panizzi's rules1 like all other codes1 contain offences divisible into mala in se and mala prohibita3 ,mr4 ,collier justifies his departures from the morals of bibliography1 by alleging his right to differ from ,mr4 ,panizzi about its expediencies4 ,he leaves out an author's ,christian name1 or substitutes his translator for him1 and says he is not bound to follow ,mr4 ,panizzi's foreign modes3 and therein he resembles those reasoners who have defended false inference by renouncing ,aristotle4 ,but his own argument may be turned against him3 it is a strong presumption in favor of the materiality of ,mr4 ,panizzi's rules1 that so able an opponent finds himself under the necessity of implying the following alternative--either those rules1 or such bibliography as is seen in this rejection of them4 ,we dwell the more upon this point because we observe that some of the journals adopt the defence1 and say in terms that what ,mr4 ,panizzi calls errors are deviations from his own ninety-one rules4 ,are we really to believe that1 if ,mr4 ,collier had chosen to spell authors' names backwards1 it would have been a sufficient answer to an objection from ,mr4 ,panizzi1 that the plan of writing them forwards was one of his own rules8 ,according to ,mr4 ,collier and his defenders1 ,english grammar is only one of ,mr4 ,panizzi's foreign modes1 repudiated by ,english common sense4 ,but the most elaborately formed rules for cataloguing are inadequate to provide for all cases4 ,doubts and difficulties will unavoidably arise1 as to their application4 ,for example1 in abridging titles1 scarcely any two men would agree1 even within the limits of the rules given4 ,it is necessary1 therefore1 that there should be a central superintendence of the whole enterprise2 and that the duties of those who are engaged in preparing the titles1 and of the superintendent should be distinctly understood4 ,this object has been kept in view in preparing the rules4 ,the transcribers are to be responsible for exactness1 in writing off titles without abridgment2 and for a clear statement1 in notes1 of all peculiarities not mentioned in the titles4 ,they should also indicate the parts of the titles which they think might be omitted4 ,the titles are then to be submitted to the superintendent4 ,he is to examine them1 in order to see that all the rules have been observed4 ,he is to decide upon all abridgments and additions1 and mark the manuscript for the printer4 ,he is also to examine the last revise4 ,,printing ,,and ,,stereotyping4 ,the printing should all be executed in one office1 under the immediate eye of the superintendent4 ,the same type1 and the same style of work should be used in all parts4 ,it is not necessary1 upon this plan1 to finish a catalogue in manuscript1 before beginning to print4 ,titles may be prepared and stereotyped without regard to their future arrangement4 ,the work of the printer may keep pace with that of the transcribers4 ,should it be desired1 a catalogue might be published in parts1 each comprising a particular class of books4 ,the titles1 after having been set up in type1 and corrected with the utmost care1 are1 before stereotyping1 to be sent to the library to which they belong1 to be revised1 by a comparison with the books themselves4 ,this arrangement implies the necessity of a large fount of type1 and of promptness on the part of librarians4 ,the titles are then to be stereotyped1 each upon a separate plate1 or block4 ,the headings 7if they be names7 are to stand on plates distinct from the titles4 ,this is required1 in order to avoid repeating them for each title4 ,they must be separate from the titles1 that other titles may1 if occasion require1 be interposed4 ,every name1 or other word1 used as a heading1 is to be printed1 in the title1 in small capitals2 thus each stereotyped title will show1 at a glance1 the heading under which it belongs4 ,each title is to have upon it a running number1 according to the order of its being stereotyped4 ,the use of this number is for reference to the ,local ,index of the general catalogue1 in which the libraries1 where the books are to be found1 will be designated4 ,when the catalogue is made up1 these numbers will not be in connection2 but in the index1 they will follow each other in consecutive order1 and should there have1 printed against each1 the names of the several libraries containing the book4 ,these numbers will further serve to show the extent and progress of the work4 ,copies of the titles stereotyped will be kept at the ,smithsonian ,institution1 arranged in their numerical order2 so that in referring to any particular title it may not be necessary to copy the title in full1 but merely to give the number attached to it4 ,it will sometimes happen1 that words1 which1 according to the rules1 are used as headings1 do not occur in the titles4 ,there would1 then1 without further provision1 be no means of ascertaining1 from an examination of the plate itself1 its order in the collection4 ,to meet this case1 the expedient has been adopted1 of setting up the word to be used as the heading1 in the margin of the title1 and in shorter type1 which will then show itself upon the plate1 but not upon the printed page4 ,,preservation ,,and ,,use ,,of ,,the ,,plates4 ,when the titles have been stereotyped1 and the plates ascertained to be in perfect working order1 they are to be arranged alphabetically1 and kept on sliding shelves1 or shallow drawers1 placed as near to each other as possible4 ,the catch-letters of the titles may be marked upon the front of each shelf1 so as to admit of alteration as the changing of the plates may require4 ,the ranges of shelves may be so disposed as to form deep and narrow alcoves4 ,a room of fifty feet by forty would accommodate the plates of upwards of a million titles1 which may1 in this manner1 be kept in very compact and perfect order1 and1 at the same time1 be easily accessible4 ,it may not be amiss to add1 that the material1 which it is proposed to employ in the stereotyping1 is much less expensive than common type metal2 so cheap1 indeed1 that the whole expenditure on this account1 even for so large a collection1 would be of small importance4 ,it is1 besides1 much lighter than type metal1 more convenient in handling1 and requires fewer1 and less expensive fixtures4 ,it is not at all affected by dampness1 or by any ordinary elevation of temperature4 ,the plates are mounted1 for printing1 upon blocks similar to those ordinarily used for stereotype plates1 but with continuous clamps extending the whole length of the page4 ,the breadth of page adopted is such as is suitable for a work in octavo1 or in double columns in quarto or folio4 ,the latter form 7folio double columns7 will probably be found most convenient1 as well as most economical1 for large catalogues4 ,presenting more titles upon a page1 it enables a student to examine and compare1 with greater facility1 the various works of an author4 ,it requires also less paper and press-work for the same number of titles4 ,these considerations have led to the general adoption of the folio form for catalogues of large libraries4 ,to these it may be added1 in the present case1 that in folio pages it would be practicable to avoid the division of titles between lines1 without occasioning observable irregularities in the length of the pages4 ,,method ,,of ,,using ,,the ,,stereotyped ,,titles ,,in ,,the ,,formation ,,of ,,new ,,catalogues4 ,in concluding these details of the system of stereotyping catalogues1 by separate titles1 it now remains to say a few words upon the method of employing the titles1 in the construction of new catalogues4 ,whenever1 after the publication of one catalogue1 upon this plan1 it should be proposed to form a catalogue of another library1 the first step would be to ascertain1 which of the titles of such library have been already stereotyped2 for these need not again be transcribed4 ,this may be done in the following manner4 ,a copy of the catalogue already published1 together with a copy of any titles which may have been subsequently stereotyped1 should be sent to the cataloguer1 who as he takes a book from the shelf should first seek for its title among those already printed4 ,if a title1 strictly identical with that of the book1 be found1 it should be marked in the margin4 ,when titles occur1 which he does not find among those already printed1 they are to be written1 each on a card or slip of paper1 according to the rules2 and1 as the work goes on1 sent1 in parcels1 to be stereotyped4 ,when the cataloguer has gone through the library in this manner1 he is to return the printed catalogues1 in the margin of which he has marked the common titles4 ,the printer will then be able to select and combine the plates to be used for this particular catalogue1 impose them1 print the requisite number of copies1 and distribute them to their places4 ,after the catalogues of several libraries shall have been thus prepared and printed1 they will be combined to form a general catalogue of those libraries1 and thus the labor of selecting common titles will always be limited within narrow bounds4 ,,rules4 ,,rules ,,for ,,preparing ,,catalogues4 ,,titles4 ,i4 ,the ,titles are to be transcribed in full1 including the names of ,authors1 ,editors1 ,translators1 ,commentators1 ,continuators1 c41 precisely as they stand upon the title-page4 ,exceptions4 ,there are many titles from which much may well be omitted4 ,but to make omissions without prejudice to ready investigation is an extremely difficult and delicate task1 in the performance of which1 uniformity is highly important2 it is therefore desirable that all abridgments be made by the same person4 ,to this end1 the rule should stand without exception1 so far as the writing out of the titles is concerned4 ,the abridgments for printing should all be made by the superintendent1 and only in the following cases3 ,additions to names of authors1 c41 not necessary for their identification2 mottoes1 repetitions1 or expletives not essential to a full and clear titular description of the book1 may be omitted4 ,omissions of mottoes and devices are to be denoted by three stars2 of other matter1 by three dots1 placed thus 444 ,no omission is to be made which requires any change in1 or addition to1 the phraseology of that part of the title which is retained4 ,not even an improvement of the title1 by any change1 is to be allowed4 ,remark #a4 ,this rule is understood to apply only to the principal entry4 ,it is supposed that each title will be entered in full only once4 ,all other entries will refer to this full entry4 ,they will be called ,cross-,references2 and rules for their preparation are given hereafter4 ,remark #b4 ,it is necessary 7in this plan7 to give the name of the ,author1 in connection with the title1 although it be but a repetition of the heading2 for the heading will be stereotyped separate from the title1 and1 therefore1 the title should contain all that is necessary to indicate its proper position1 in the alphabetical order1 in case of displacement4 ,remark #c4 ,experience shows that it takes less time to transcribe titles in full1 than to abridge them with any tolerable degree of accuracy4 ,it requires1 too1 less learning and experience in the cataloguer4 ,that a catalogue can be made more rapidly1 more economically1 and more satisfactorily by transcribing the titles faithfully and fully1 without the omission of a single letter or point1 than by any proper plan of abridgment1 cannot be denied by any one who has fairly tried the experiment4#c ,if the catalogue were not to be printed1 this rule should have no exception whatever4 ,the printing1 however1 introduces two considerations to modify the rule1 namely1 the expense of printing1 and the bulk of the catalogue4 ,the force of the former consideration is much diminished by the plan of stereotyping the titles4 ,it is but a first expense that we have to meet1 not a repetition of it4 ,besides1 no library but the first has to print all its titles4 ,the saving1 even to the second library1 by the use of those already stereotyped1 would doubtless far more than counterbalance the extra expense of printing long titles4 ,the bulk of the catalogue is certainly a matter of considerable importance1 though of less than might1 at first1 be supposed4 ,it does not make much difference1 in convenience of use1 whether such a work as an ,encyclopdia be in a hundred volumes or in ten1 though it is1 of course1 more convenient to refer to one volume than to ten4 ,the proposed general catalogue would doubtless exceed one volume1 even with short titles4 ,but convenience should not be allowed to have more influence than the demands of learned investigators4 ,the bulk of catalogues should not be considered in opposition to their accuracy1 and to such a degree of fulness of title1 as may be necessary to identify the book1 and to give all such particulars of information1 as may justly be expected from a titular description4 #c ,a very complete discussion of the comparative advantages of long and short titles is contained in the ,report of the ,commissioners on the ,british ,museum1 with ,minutes of ,evidence1 #ahej1 particularly in ,mr4 ,panizzi's ,letter to the ,earl of ,ellesmere1 in ,appendix ,no4 #ab4 ,remark #d4 ,it is deemed unnecessary to prescribe any particular form of card or paper for use in copying the titles4 ,if they are to be printed at once1 it will be found most convenient to write them on one side only of common foolscap paper4 ,cross references should immediately follow the titles to which they belong4 ,if cards have already been adopted in the library to be catalogued1 their form need not be changed4 ,they may be placed in the hands of the printer without being transcribed4 ,a manuscript catalogue for constant use should generally be upon cards4 ,a very convenient method of keeping them is that employed by ,mr4 ,folsom in the ,boston ,athenum4 ,the cards are long and narrow2 are so perforated that they may be strung upon cords1 which1 being elastic1 allow free motion without displacement2 and are kept in cases1 made to resemble folio volumes1 one side of which opens like the cover of a book4 ,,ii4 ,the ,titles are to be transcribed with exactness4 ,remark #a4 ,the titles are not to be translated by the cataloguer4 ,if1 however1 the original title1 being in a language which does not admit of being represented in the ,roman character1 be accompanied by a translation into a language for which the ,roman alphabet may be used1 the latter may be given without the former2 this peculiarity being mentioned1 with such explanations as will prevent mistake as to the language in which the book is printed4 ,if the book be in several languages1 and be provided with title-pages for each1 or for several1 the cataloguer may give the preference to languages using the ,roman alphabet in the following order3 ,english1 ,latin1 ,french1 ,italian1 ,spanish1 ,german4 ,the other title-pages should however be mentioned4 ,remark #b4 ,the precise phraseology1 however quaint1 awkward1 or ungrammatical1 must be scrupulously followed4 ,when striking faults or errors occur1 the cataloguer should write sic1 after each of them1 to denote that the title has been faithfully copied1 and that the error is not attributable to his carelessness4 ,remark #c4 ,the exact mode of spelling1 however inaccurate or antiquated1 must be conscientiously copied4 ,when abbreviations appear upon the title-page1 they should1 in transcribing1 be copied accurately4 ,they should also1 if possible1 be printed4 ,these are most frequent in early printed ,latin and ,greek books4 ,if types cannot be had for printing these abbreviations1 the word should be given in full2 the added letters being italics4 ,remark #d4 ,the punctuation of the title-page should also be retained4 ,sometimes1 in the titles of modern books1 no pointing is used2 in such cases1 none should be introduced4 ,wide spaces may be used instead4 ,remark #e4 ,the accentuation of the original should be preserved4 ,in ,french books1 however1 it often happens that parts of the title-page are printed in capitals without accents1 and other parts in lower-case letters with accents4 ,this is attributable to the general want of accents upon what are called title-letters4 ,to avoid the striking incongruity which would be occasioned by printing one part with1 and another without accents1 when the same letter is used throughout the title1 it will be proper to add the accents1 where they are omitted in the titles of foreign books2 but not to omit or alter any which occur4 ,remark #f4 ,when possible1 the form of letter 7as ,black ,letter1 ,italic1 ,greek1 ,hebrew1 c471 is to be preserved4 ,when ,black ,letter1 ,italic1 or any peculiar letter or cut of type is used1 in the title1 merely as a typographical embellishment1 it is not to be copied2 but only when the whole book is printed in it4 ,this rule has no limitation1 except the knowledge of the cataloguer1 and the means of the printing office4 ,with reference to those languages in which is embodied the great mass of literature1 there will be little difficulty in finding men to copy the titles with accuracy2 and the printing office should contain varieties of type1 ,roman1 ,black ,letter1 ,german1 ,greek1 ,hebrew1 and1 in time1 fonts of other alphabets4 ,books in languages which cannot1 at first1 be correctly printed or written1 should be reported from each library1 as accurately and fully as possible4 ,an arrangement may hereafter be made to employ competent persons to catalogue such works1 and means may be procured for printing or engraving their titles4 ,no title1 however1 should be stereotyped for the ,general ,catalogue1 till its accuracy and conformity to the rules are fully ascertained4 ,remark #g4 ,this principle does not apply to the use of capitals or small letters4 ,most title-pages are printed wholly in large letters2 some are partly in large and partly in small letters4 ,for the catalogue1 they are to be written and printed in small letters4 ,remark #h4 ,initial capitals are to be used only when the laws of the language now require them4 ,in ,english1 the first word of every sentence1 proper names1 adjectives derived from proper names1 names of the ,deity1 the first word of the title of a book quoted within another title1 and titles of respect or office1 such as ,hon41 ,mr41 ,dr41 ,capt41 ,rev41 7whether contracted or not17 prefixed to a name1 should be written and printed with initial capitals4 ,in ,german and ,danish1 every noun begins with a capital4 ,in ,french1 ,spanish1 ,italian and ,portuguese1 adjectives derived from proper names1 are not1 as in ,english1 generally printed with initial capitals4 ,in ,latin1 the ,english usage in this particular should be followed4 ,it would doubtless be more satisfactory to make the titles1 as printed in the catalogue1 perfect transcripts of the title-pages1 in respect to the use of initial capitals2 but this is hardly practicable4 ,the use of both upper-case and lower-case letters in a title-page1 is for the most part a matter of the printer's taste1 and does not generally indicate the author's purpose4 ,to copy them in a catalogue with literal exactness would be exceedingly difficult1 and of no practical benefit4 ,in those parts of the title-page which are printed wholly in capitals1 initials are undistinguished4 ,it would be unsightly and undesirable to distinguish the initials where the printer had done so1 and omit them where he had used a form of letter1 which prohibited his distinguishing them4 ,it would teach nothing to copy from the book the initial capitals in one part of the title1 and allow the cataloguer to supply them in other parts4 ,the only practicable method of securing uniformity or convenience would seem to be1 to require1 as is done above1 the cataloguer to employ initial capitals according to established laws1 regardless of the title-page4 ,there are certain features of title-pages which it is wholly impracticable to transfer to a catalogue4 ,for example1 they generally are 7as they always should be7 inscriptions1 and as such are meant to have a certain local disposition of parts which serves to interpret them1 by showing at a glance their relations to each other4 ,a title in a catalogue cannot be expected to retain this important feature of an inscription4 ,,iii4 ,the whole ,title is to be repeated for every distinct edition of the work2 and the number of the edition1 if not the first1 is to be always given4 ,remark #a4 ,the necessity of this rule arises from the stereotyping of the titles separately4 ,it is frequently the case1 that publishers1 after having stereotyped a book1 call every thousand copies of it a separate edition1 and1 for twenty or more editions1 there may be no alteration in the book1 except in the word expressing the number of the edition1 and in the date4 ,in such cases1 it cannot be necessary to print a separate title for each pretended edition4 ,if there be any important alteration of the book1 it should be designated as a distinct edition4 ,this irregularity is found mostly1 if not exclusively1 in ,american books1 and occurs principally in school-books4 ,it is easy to see how this artifice of bibliopoles would occasion great trouble to cataloguers1 if it were common4 ,some publishers have introduced the terms second thousand1 tenth thousand1 c41 instead of second edition1 tenth edition4 ,this is more honest1 and for our purposes more convenient4 ,but it is not necessary to introduce these chiliads into the catalogue4 ,minor changes are sometimes made in the stereotype plates1 after a part of the copies have been printed2 that is1 some error may be discovered and corrected1 or some word substituted for another4 ,but such changes are generally slight and unimportant4 ,they can only be detected by comparing one copy of a book with another1 and1 when known1 are seldom worthy of notice4 ,sometimes1 the title of a book is the same in two editions1 while the body of the work is more or less altered4 ,sometimes1 also1 the title is changed while the book remains entirely unaltered4 ,such instances are1 however1 of comparatively rare occurrence4 ,they are1 or should be1 noted in bibliographical dictionaries4 ,it is not often the case1 that the two editions are to be found in one library2 consequently1 an account of such variations cannot be expected from the cataloguer4 ,but1 if such facts become known to him1 they should be carefully noted4 ,the increase of the bulk of the catalogue1 which this rule will occasion1 may appear1 at first sight1 to be a grave difficulty4 ,it should be considered1 however1 that the number of books1 which reach a second edition1 is comparatively small2 and1 that1 although there may be a hundred editions of a book1 those only will have their titles repeated1 which belong to the library to be catalogued4 ,the increase in bulk will be much less considerable than might be apprehended1 and it will be more than compensated for1 by the greater exactness of the descriptions4 ,any one1 who has had much experience in examining catalogues1 must have been frequently puzzled to ascertain the exact character of several editions of a book1 where the only description of any edition after the first1 is ,the same1 or ,ditto1 with a different date4 ,we may wish to know whether the titles are identical4 ,in the title of a later edition1 some particular may have been given1 which to us is very important1 but which the cataloguer has omitted4 ,to bibliographers1 and men of habits of careful investigation1 different editions are different books1 and they should be always described1 in catalogues1 as particularly as if they were independent works4 ,,iv4 ,early printed books1 without title-pages1 are to be catalogued in the words of the head-title1 preceded by the word ,beginning1 in italics and between brackets2 to which are to be added the words of the colophon1 preceded by the word ,ending1 in italics and between brackets4 ,if there be neither head-title nor colophon1 such a description of the work should be given1 in ,english1 and between brackets1 as may serve for its identification4 ,remark #a4 ,books printed before the adoption of separate title-pages are comparatively few4 ,most of them have been described with great minuteness by bibliographers1 particularly by ,maittaire1 ,denis1 ,panzer1 and ,hain4 ,it will be best1 in all cases1 to refer to their works in cataloguing such books4 ,these books generally have at the beginning a head-title1 which contains a sufficient description of the book1 while in the colophon the place of publication1 name of the printer1 date1 c41 are given2 but sometimes the book begins with a table1 or dedication1 or register1 and has no colophon4 ,in such cases1 not unfrequently1 there is a title at the end of the table1 or in the dedication4 ,in short1 so great is the variety of cases1 that it would be extremely difficult1 if not impossible1 to give rules applicable to them all4 ,the rule given above will1 it is thought1 be found sufficiently comprehensive4 ,v4 ,in cataloguing ,academical ,dissertations1 ,orations1 c41 the subject-matter is to be given as the title4 ,if that be not expressed upon the title-page1 it is to be supplied within brackets1 if possible in the words of the author1 otherwise in ,english and in italics4 ,the contracted words ,diss4 ,ac4 when necessary to indicate the character of the publication1 should be prefixed4 ,the occasion may generally be omitted1 except when the subject of the dissertation or oration has some special reference to it4 ,,vi4 ,in cataloguing ,sermons1 the book1 chapter and verse of the text2 the date1 if it differs from that of publication2 and the occasion1 if a special one1 are to be given4 ,when these are not upon the title-page1 they are to be supplied between brackets1 and in italics4 ,,vii4 ,periodical publications are to be recorded in the words of the title-page of the last complete volume2 but without designation of volume or date4 ,the history of the publication from its commencement1 including all changes of form1 title1 editorship1 c41 is to be given in a note4 ,remark #a4 ,this rule applies to ,reviews1 ,magazines1 c42 not to works issued in parts1 sometimes called serials1 nor to transactions of learned societies4 ,remark #b4 ,the last title is preferred for the catalogue1 because it is that by which the work is currently known1 and because of the peculiar difficulty of finding complete sets of these publications4 ,if the title be changed1 it will become necessary to prepare a new one for the catalogue1 and to make an addition to the note4 ,,viii4 ,after the words of the title1 the number of parts1 volumes1 fasciculi1 or whatever may be the peculiar divisions of each work1 is to be specified4 ,when nothing is said1 in the title1 respecting this point1 if the work be divided into several portions1 but the same paging continue1 or1 when the pages are not numbered1 if the same register continue1 the work is to be considered as divided into parts 7not volumes74 ,if the progressive number of the pages1 or the register be interrupted1 then each series of pages1 or of letters of the register1 is to be designated as a volume4 ,remark #a4 ,in designating volumes when the number is not stated upon the title-page1 the words ,volume1 ,tome1 ,theil1 ,band1 ,deel1 c41 may generally be represented by the initials alone4 ,the numbers may be always expressed by ,arabic figures4 ,if the ordinal expression of number be used on the title-page1 the figures may be given1 and the ordinal termination omitted4 ,the numbers of the first and of the last volume only are to be given1 with a dash between them1 thus3 ,v4 #a--h4 for ,volume #a--,volume #h1 i4e4 ,volume first--,volume eighth1 or ,first ,volume--,eighth ,volume4 ,b4 #b--bb4 ,zweiter ,band--,zwei und zwanzigster ,band4 ,t4 #a--d4 ,tomo #a--,tomo #d4 ,th4 #a--f4 ,theil #a--,theil #f4 ,remark #b4 ,when there is a discrepancy between the number of divisions of a work indicated on the title-page1 and the actual number of volumes1 as defined above1 7that is1 of divisions with separate pagings71 the number of pagings should be stated2--each paging being considered a distinct volume4 ,the paging of the preface and introductory matter is to be excepted4 ,appendixes1 when separately paged1 should be specially noticed in the title1 though not reckoned as separate volumes4 ,,ix4 ,next should follow the designation of the place and date of publication4 ,the name of the place should be given in the form and language of the title-page4 ,if1 in that1 it be abbreviated1 the full name should be supplied1 but not translated2 the added parts being between brackets4 ,should either of these particulars be omitted in the title-page1 the deficiency should be supplied from the knowledge of the librarian1 or be noticed1 in italics and between brackets4 ,remark #a4 ,it would on many accounts be desirable to give the name of the publisher1 but1 as it would add very much to the labor of preparation1 and considerably increase the size of the catalogue1 it is thought best not to do so4 ,remark #b4 ,in the case of early printed books1 and typographical rarities1 or where several editions of the same book are known to have been published in the same year and place1 by different publishers1 the name of the publisher should be specified4 ,remark #c4 ,the date is to be given in ,arabic figures1 unless numerals be used in the title-page1 in such a manner as to be on some accounts distinctive4 ,x4 ,next after the imprint should follow the designation of size4 ,in accordance with general usage1 the fold of the sheet1 as folio1 quarto1 octavo1 when it can be ascertained1 is to be stated4 ,as an additional1 and more exact designation of size1 the ,height and ,breadth of the first full signature page 7the folio and signature lines being omitted in the measurement7 are to be stated in inches and tenths1 the fractions being expressed decimally4 ,explanation #a4 ,the librarian should use a small square or rule1 marked with inches and tenths4 ,the first number given should represent the height1 and the second1 the breadth of the page4 ,in the catalogue1 the measurement would be recorded thus3-- #h 7#g4cd4b7 that is1 fold of sheet1 #hvo2 measuring1 #g inches and #c tenths in height1 by #d inches and #b tenths in breadth4 ,explanation #b4 ,when the first signature page is not a full page1 or when it has foot notes1 turn to the first succeeding signature page which is full and without notes4 ,explanation #c4 ,when there are no signatures1 measure the first full recto page4 ,if the other pages vary much from the standard page1 add irr4 for irregular4 ,explanation #d4 ,marginal rules and side marginal references and notes are not to be regarded in the measurement2 some editions may be printed with and some without them4 ,but such marginal references should be mentioned4 ,explanation #e4 ,catch-words generally stand upon the signature line1 and are therefore not to be counted4 ,the measurement of height should1 however1 comprise all printed matter below the folio line1 and above the signature line4 ,by folio line is meant that upon which stands the number of the page4 ,remarks4 ,the designation of the form is added to the titles of books in catalogues for two purposes3 to enable one to distinguish between different editions of the same book1 and to convey to those who have not seen the book1 some idea of its size4 ,the fold of the paper has been universally adopted1 as the measure of size4 ,a sheet once folded1 forming two leaves1 or four pages1 is a folio4 ,a sheet twice folded1 forming four leaves or eight pages1 is a quarto4 ,a sheet three times folded1 forming eight leaves1 or sixteen pages1 is an octavo4 ,a sheet so folded as to form twelve leaves1 or twenty-four pages1 is a duodecimo4 ,and so on4 ,but this method of designating the size of a book is inexact and frequently deceptive2 because1 #ast1 it is not always possible to ascertain the fold2 and1 #b;dly1 the fold1 when ascertained1 gives no definite indication of the size or shape of the book4 ,in many books one can tell1 at a glance1 the fold of the sheet2 but it is unsafe to rely upon this first impression4 ,examination of signatures is indispensable4 ,sometimes1 it is necessary to examine also the water-lines and water-marks4 ,occasionally1 all these will fail us4 ,signatures are letters or figures placed at the bottom of the first page of each sheet1 as guides to the binder1 to denote the order of the sheets4 ,the signatures of the different forms from folio to #cbmo1 would regularly be placed as follows3 ,folio1 sheet1 on pages #a1 #e1 #i1 #ac1 #ag1 #ba1 c4 ,quarto1 #a1 #i1 #ag1 #be1 #cc1 #da1 c4 ,octavo1 #a1 #ag1 #cc1 #di1 #fe1 #ha1 c4 #hvo1 #a_/b sheet1 #a1 #i1 #ag1 #be1 #cc1 #da1 c4 #abmo1 sheet1 #a1 #be1 #di1 #gc1 #ig1 #aba1 c4 #abmo1 #a_/b sheet1 #a1 #ac1 #be1 #cg1 #di1 #fa1 c4 #afmo1 sheet1 #a1 #cc1 #fe1 #ig1 #abi1 #afa1 c4 #afmo1 #a_/b sheet1 #a1 #ag1 #cc1 #di1 #fe1 #ha1 c4 #ahmo1 sheet1 #a1 #cg1 #gc1 #aji1 #ade1 #aha1 c4 #ahmo1 #a_/b sheet1 #a1 #ai1 #cg1 #ee1 #gc1 #ia1 c4 #bdmo1 sheet1 #a1 #di1 #ig1 #ade1 #aic1 #bda1 c4 #bdmo1 #a_/b sheet1 #a1 #be1 #di1 #gc1 #ig1 #aba1 c4 #cbmo1 sheet1 #a1 #fe1 #abi1 #aic1 #beg1 #cba1 c4 #cbmo1 #a_/b sheet1 #a1 #cc1 #fe1 #ig1 #abi1 #afa1 c4 ,but sometimes the paging of the book begins in the midst of a signature2 in such cases the signatures would fall on pages different from the above1 throughout the book1 though the intervals would be regular4 ,double signatures are sometimes placed upon stereotype plates1 to enable printers to impose them either as octavos or duodecimos4 ,besides the principal signatures1 there are subordinate signatures1 which1 as they do not help to distinguish the size of the book1 but are only used to aid the binder1 are omitted in the above table4 ,it will be seen from this table1 that the signatures are precisely the same for #hvos1 in half sheets1 as for #dtos2 for #afmos1 in half sheets1 as for #hvos2 for #bdmos1 in half sheets1 as for #abmos2 for #cbmos1 in half sheets1 as for #afmos4 ,printers impose in half sheets or sheets1 according to their convenience4 ,of course1 therefore1 from the signatures alone1 it is impossible to distinguish between #dtos and #hvos1 #hvos and #afmos1 #abmos and #bdmos1 #afmos and #cbmos4 ,it is generally easy to determine the fold by the size and shape of the book1 but 7as we shall show hereafter7 not always4 ,signatures do not occur in the earliest printed books2 but as this class of books is small1 and very particularly described by ,panzer1 ,hain1 and others1 there is but little difficulty in ascertaining the precise description of them4 ,books may be quired in printing1 that is1 several sheets may be put together1 like the sheets in a quire of paper4 ,in this case the principal signature is the same as if the whole formed only one sheet4 ,a folio may thus be undistinguishable from an #hvo1 by the signatures alone4 ,when signatures fail us1 resort may sometimes be had to the water lines1 which1 by holding the paper up to the light1 may be seen crossing the sheet perpendicularly1 in the folio1 #hvo1 #ahmo1 #bdmo1 and #cbmo2 and horizontally1 in all the other forms less than #cbmo2 sometimes1 also1 in the #bdmo4 ,the water-mark is a device of the manufacturer1 placed in the middle of the half sheet1 and distinguishable in the same way as the water-line4 ,in the folio1 this occurs in the middle of the page2 in the quarto1 in the back or fold of the book2 in the #hvo1 at the upper and inner corner4 ,at the present day1 however1 printing paper is seldom made with water-lines or water-marks4 ,in examining a book1 all these means of determining its fold occasionally deceive the most skilful bibliographer4 ,if sheets of paper had1 from the first1 been always made of the same size1 there would be comparatively little difficulty4 ,but they have always varied so much1 that a very small #hvo is often in no way distinguishable1 in dimensions1 from a large #afmo4 ,many other sizes also are liable to be confounded4 ,the following measurements1 in inches1 of a leaf of folio1 octavo1 and #afmo1 of foolscap1 medium1 and imperial paper1 will show how impossible it would be1 from the size of the book to determine the fold of the sheet1 even of paper of what are called the regular sizes1 particularly when the books have been cut down in binding3 ,folio1 ,octavo1 #afmo4 ,foolscap1 #ac-a_/dh-c_/h1 #f-e_/hd-a_/d1 #d-a_/dc-c_/h1 ,medium1 #ah-a_/daa-a_/b1 #i-a_/he-c_/d1 #e-c_/dd-a_/b1 ,imperial1 #ba-g_/hae1 #aag-a_/b1 #g-a_/be-a_/b1 ,since the introduction of machine paper and large presses1 paper is made of almost any and every size and shape1 and it is no longer possible to distinguish1 with accuracy1 the different folds4 ,books1 which1 judged by the eye1 would be supposed to be quartos1 are1 in reality1 duodecimos2 books which might be supposed to be octavos1 are #afmos1 c4 ,the signatures1 as we have seen1 will not inform us whether a book is an #hvo1 or a #afmo on half sheets4 ,there are no water-marks to help us2 nor is it possible in any way to tell4 ,if it be thus difficult1 and often impossible1 to ascertain the fold with the book before us1 of what use can it be1 as a designation of size1 to those who have only the description8 ,this is a difficulty which has but commenced4 ,it is becoming more serious every year4 ,it is more serious in ,america1 than in other countries1 for in ,europe1 there is much more regularity in the sizes of paper than here4 ,on these accounts1 it has been thought desirable1 if not indispensable1 to introduce some new method of designating the size of books4 ,the measurement of the printed page has seemed the readiest and most useful4 ,the trouble of measuring is much less than might1 at first sight1 be supposed1 and the time occupied by it is hardly worthy of consideration4 ,it would be1 for all purposes of bibliography1 better to make this the universal method of designating the size of books4 ,it would save numberless blunders and frequent perplexity2 and1 upon the whole1 would take less of the librarian's time1 than the ordinary process of ascertaining the fold1 provided that be done with exactness4 ,,xi4 ,in books of one volume1 the body of which does not contain more than one hundred pages1 the number of pages is to be specified4 ,in applying this rule1 copy the number of the last page of the body of the book1 or of any addition paged continuously with it4 ,remark #a4 ,the value of catalogues would1 doubtless1 be enhanced by giving the number of pages in every volume1 after the manner of ,dryander in the ,catalogue of ,sir ,joseph ,banks's library2 or with even greater particularity1 thus3 pp4 xxvi#cdexlv1 meaning #bf pages of prefatory matter1 #cde pages in the body of the book1 and #de pages of appendix4 ,but the disproportionate amount of additional labor1 as well as of increase in the bulk and cost of catalogues1 which such enumeration and notation would demand1 renders it necessary to limit the object of this rule1 which is to show whether the work described be merely of pamphlet size4 ,remark #b4 ,prefatory matter is not to be included in the enumeration of pages4 ,but if it be something more than a preface or introduction by the author1 and deemed of sufficient importance to be added to the title1 the number of pages of such prefatory matter should be included in the addition4 ,,xii4 ,all additions to the titles are to be printed in italics1 and between brackets2 to be in the ,english language1 whatever be the language of the title2 to be such only as are applicable to all copies of the edition described1 and necessary for a full titular description of the book4 ,exception4 ,when parts of a name are supplied within brackets1 they are to be in the vernacular of the author1 whatever be the language of the title2 and1 if the name be used for the heading1 the part supplied in the title is to correspond in typography with the rest of the name2 that is1 to be printed in small capitals4 ,remark #a4 ,it is not always easy to say what additions are necessary1 to render a title satisfactorily descriptive4 ,a title is often a mere name1 arbitrarily chosen by the author4 ,it is sometimes allegorical1 or embodies1 in a pun1 or conceit1 or covert allusion1 some indication of the subject-matter of the book4 ,in such cases1 it was not designed to be descriptive of the work1 and could not be made so1 without destroying its character4 ,explanations of such titles may be thought desirable2 but if so1 they should be given in notes1 and separate from the titles themselves4 ,a title should be the briefest possible designation of the contents of a book4 ,it should cover everything which the book contains1 but in the most general terms1 without minute specifications4 ,mindful of this definition1 we shall frequently find cases1 where the title1 intended to be descriptive1 fails to give us what we have a right to expect4 ,a book may be in a different language from the title-page4 ,it may be in several languages1 while the title indicates but one4 ,it may contain an important ,preface1 ,introduction1 or ,biography of the author1 by another hand1 not mentioned in the title4 ,in these1 and in many other cases1 additions to the titles may be necessary4 ,remark #b4 ,there are many cases1 however1 where it seems desirable to give further information concerning a work1 than could be given within the title1 under the restrictions of the preceding paragraph4 ,the title may be a misnomer1 or it may contain allusions1 which it is desirable to explain4 ,the book may be a rare and valuable one1 with maps and illustrations1 the number and description of which ought to be given4 ,it may have been privately printed1 or limited to a small number of copies1 or prohibited1 or condemned to be burnt4 ,the edition may be the ,editio princeps1 or a fac-simile of an early edition1 or a surreptitious or spurious edition2 or it may be identical1 except in the title1 with what purports to be another edition1 or an independent work4 ,these facts belong1 more properly1 to a bibliographical dictionary1 than to a catalogue4 ,it is proper1 however1 that they should be noted by cataloguers4 ,they may1 also1 be printed1 at the discretion of the superintendent1 but generally1 in the form of separate notes1 rather than as additions to the titles4 ,remark #c4 ,peculiarities of copies1 such as large paper1 satin paper1 vellum2 also notes1 autographs1 cancelled leaves1 substituted leaves1 mutilations and alterations2 binding in a different number of volumes from that indicated in the title1 or ascertained by the rule already given1 c4 c41--these1 and other peculiarities or imperfections of copy1 relate only to particular copies1 and therefore should not be noticed in a title intended to apply to the whole edition4 ,every cataloguer should1 however1 note every such thing1 after the title4 ,the note may be printed in the catalogue of the library containing the book described1 but not1 usually1 in the title for the ,general ,catalogue4 ,,headings4 ,,xiii4 ,when the title has been transcribed in accordance with the foregoing rules1 the heading is to be written above it4 ,this heading determines the place of the title in the alphabetical catalogue1 and consists1 in general1 of the name of the author in its vernacular form1 when the same can be represented by the letters of the ,english alphabet4 ,when the word cannot be exactly represented by ,english letters1 the form used by the best ,english authorities is to be adopted4 ,the surname is to be printed in capitals4 ,christian or first names are to follow1 if possible in full1 printed in small capitals1 and within parentheses4 ,,xiv4 ,when a name is variously spelled1 the best authorized orthography is to be selected for the heading1 and such other modes of spelling the name1 as are likely to occasion difficulty1 are to be added1 within brackets4 ,cross references are to be made from all other forms of the name1 which occur in the catalogue1 to the form preferred4 ,,xv4 ,the following rules are to be observed in cataloguing names with prefixes3 7#a47 ,if the name has become an ,english surname1 it is to be recorded under the prefix1 which is to be accounted as a part of the name4 ,thus3 ,d',israeli1 ,de ,morgan1 ,de la ,beche1 ,du ,ponceau are to be placed under ,d2 ,van ,buren under ,v4 ,in such cases1 cross-references are to be made from the principal name4 ,names beginning with ,mac1 ,o'1 ,ap1 and ,fitz1 are to be recorded under those syllables4 ,mc1 and ,m'1 abbreviated forms of ,mac1 are to be considered the same as if written in full4 7#b47 ,french surnames preceded by the preposition de are to be catalogued under the name itself1 and not under the prefix4 ,thus3 ,florian 7,jean ,pierre ,claris de7 is to be placed under ,f1 not under ,d2 ,alembert 7,jean le ,rond d'7 under ,a1 not under ,d4 ,in this respect1 usage is by no means uniform among ,french authors4 ,thus1 ,brunet places ,d',alembert under ,d1 while ,qurard1 the ,editors of the ,biographie ,universelle1 etc41 place the same name under ,a4 ,but consistency is of the first importance1 and it is decidedly best to make this rule positive1 and without exceptions4 7#c47 ,french surnames preceded by ,de la1 are to be recorded under the article4 ,thus3 ,la ,prouse 7,jean ,franois ,galaup de71 not ,de la ,prouse1 nor ,prouse2 ,la ,harpe 7,jean ,franois de71 not ,de la ,harpe1 nor ,harpe4 ,it is better to make this the invariable rule1 although uniformity will not be found among ,french writers1 in this particular1 nor scarcely consistency in any one writer4 7#d47 ,french names preceded by ,du or ,des are to be recorded under these prefixes4 ,thus3 ,du ,halde1 under ,d1 not under ,h2 ,des ,cartes1 under ,d1 not under ,c4 7#e47 ,french names1 preceded by the article ,le1 ,la1 ,l'1 are to be recorded under ,l4 ,thus3 ,le ,long 7,jacques71 not ,long 7,jacques le72 ,l',hritier 7,marie ,jeanne71 not ,hritier 7,marie ,jeanne l'74 7#f47 ,names with similar prefixes in other languages1 are1 in all cases1 to be recorded under the word following the prefix1 with cross-references4 ,thus3 ,delle ,valle1 under ,v2 ,della ,santa1 under ,s2 ,da ,cunha under ,c4 ,so ,buch 7,lopold von72 ,recke 7,elisa von der72 ,dyck 7,anton ,van72 ,praet 7,joseph ,basile ,bernard ,van72 ,hooght 7,everard van der72 ,ess 7,leander van74 ,,xvi4 ,compound surnames1 except ,dutch and ,english1 are to be entered under the initial of the first name4 ,in ,dutch and in ,english compound names1 the last name is to be preferred4 ,thus1 in ,french1 such names as ,etienne ,geoffroy-,saint-,hilaire1 ,isidore ,geoffroy-,saint-,hilaire1 should be written ,geoffroy-,saint- ,hilaire 7,etienne71 ,geoffroy-,saint-,hilaire 7,isidore74 ,so in ,spanish1 ,calderon de la ,barca1 and ,calderon y ,belgrano1 should both be entered under ,c4 ,but ,franois de ,salignac de ,lamotte ,fnlon1 is universally placed under ,fnlon1 even by those who generally adhere to the above rule4 ,there are other names1 which must be considered exceptions1 respecting which it seems impossible to give any invariable rule1 but all difficulty must be removed by cross-references4 ,,xvii4 ,works of an author who may have changed his name1 or added others to it1 are to be recorded under the last name1 7if used in any of his publications17 with cross-references from the other names4 ,names that may have been altered by being used in different languages1 are to be entered under their original vernacular form4 ,but if an author has never used the vernacular form of his name in his publications1 his works are to be recorded under such other form as he may have employed4 ,remark #a4 ,thus1 ,alexander ,slidell ,mackenzie should be placed under ,mackenzie1 with a cross-reference from ,slidell4 ,his family name was ,slidell1 but after becoming known as a writer1 he assumed the name ,mackenzie4 ,franois ,marie ,aroet de ,voltaire1 under ,voltaire2 because ,voltaire is a name assumed as a surname4 ,it is not a title1 nor commonly considered part of a compound surname4 ,jean ,baptiste ,poquelin ,molire1 under ,molire4 ,his father's name was ,poquelin but he added1 himself1 the name ,molire1 as ,aroet did that of ,voltaire4 ,the family name of an individual is to be considered that which he has1 or adopts1 for himself and his descendants1 rather than that which he received from his ancestors1--his family name1 not his father's4 ,now if a man's name have been changed1 by his own act1 the name assumed is supposed to be that by which he wishes to be known to his contemporaries1 and which he wishes to transmit to posterity4 ,a married woman generally drops her maiden name1 and assumes that of her husband4 ,by this1 therefore1 she should ever after be known4 ,if she published books under her maiden name1 and afterwards under her married name1 they should all be recorded under her married name1 with a cross-reference from the former4 ,it may be that she published only under her maiden name2 in this case1 her works should be entered under that name1 followed by her married name1 included within parentheses4 ,remark #b4 ,such changes as are referred to under this rule may generally be indicated by the mode of printing1 thus3 ,,mackenzie 7,alexander ,,slidell74 ,,voltaire 7,franois ,marie ,,aro,,et de74 ,,dacier 7,mad4 ,anne ,,lef,,vre74 ,,xviii4 ,the following classes of persons are to be entered under their first names1 or their ,christian names3 7#a47 ,sovereigns1 and ,princes of sovereign houses4 7#b47 ,jewish ,rabbis1 and ,oriental writers in general4 7#c47 ,persons canonized4 ,the family name1 when known1 is to be added within brackets4 7#d47 ,friars1 who1 by the constitution of their order1 drop their surnames4 ,but the family name1 when known1 should be added within brackets4 7#e47 ,all other persons known only by their first names1 to which1 for the sake of distinction1 they add those of their native places1 profession1 rank1 c41 as1 ,adamus ,bremensis1 or ,adam of ,bremen4 ,a cross-reference should be made from any other name by which the author may be known1 to that used as the heading4 ,,xix4 ,surnames of ,noblemen and ,dignitaries1 with the exception of cases coming under the preceding rule1 are to be ascertained1 when not expressed1 and to be used for the heading1 although the person may be better known by his title1 than by his name4 ,but1 in all cases where doubt would be likely to arise1 cross-references should be used4 ,remark4 ,thus1 ,home 7,henry71 ,lord ,kames4 ,there should be a cross-reference2 thus1 ,kames 7,lord74 ,see ,home 7,henry74 ,stanhope 7,philip ,dormer71 ,earl of ,chesterfield4 ,this last is one of the cases which might lead us to doubt the propriety of the rule4 ,this author is universally known as ,chesterfield1 not as ,stanhope4 ,but there are other authors1 who are as well known by their family names as by their titles2 while the greater portion are known by their family names1 much better than by their titles4 ,a general rule is absolutely necessary1 and this is thought to be the best4 ,,xx4 ,if it appear upon the title-page1 that the work is the joint production of several writers1 it is to be entered under the first named1 with cross-references from the names of the others4 ,,xxi4 ,the complete works1 or entire treatises of several authors1 published together in one series1 with a collective title1 are to be recorded in the words of the general title of the series1 and to be placed under the name1 of the ,editor1 if known2 if that be not known1 under the title of the collection1 like anonymous works4 ,if any work in the collection be printed with a separate title-page1 and an independent paging1 it is also to be recorded under its author's name1 as a distinct work1 with a reference to the volume of the collection in which it is to be found4 ,cross-references may be made from names of authors1 when they appear upon the title-page1 or when their works were first published in the collection4 ,explanation #a4 ,the principle established by this rule1 decides the case1 common among ,german books1 of works with double titles1 one general and the other special4 ,such a work must be entered twice1 once under the general title1 which should omit1 as much as possible1 what is contained in the special2 and once under the special title1 which should refer to the general1 stating what volume of the general collection this particular volume forms4 ,explanation #b4 ,this rule applies to periodical publications1 which should be entered under the name of the ,editor1 if this appears upon the title-page1 with a cross-reference from the name of the publication4 ,but if the publication be issued under the direction of an association1 it comes under the next rule1 and is to be recorded under the name of the association1 with a cross-reference from the editor's name4 ,remark4 ,the catalogue1 thus formed1 will be composed of works1 having each a distinct title-page and an independent pagination4 ,doubtless1 greater convenience and usefulness might be attained by adopting a more comprehensive plan2--one1 by which every distinct article in ,transactions of ,learned ,societies1 in ,magazines1 ,reviews1 and similar works1 where1 by the rule of the publication1 the authors of the treatises are named1--should be separately entered1 as if it were a book4 ,such an attempt is1 however1 at present1 unadvisable4 ,should it1 hereafter1 be thought practicable to extend the rule1 none of the titles which have been prepared1 under this rule1 will be superfluous1 and none will have to be altered4 ,it is hoped1 that1 within a few years1 such progress may be made in the ,general ,catalogue1 as to justify the attempt at greater minuteness of registration4 ,,xxii4 ,academies1 institutes1 associations1 universities1 colleges2 literary1 scientific1 economical1 eleemosynary and religious societies2 national and municipal governments2 assemblies1 conventions1 boards1 corporations1 and other bodies of men1 under whatever name1 and of whatever character1 issuing publications1 whether as separate works1 or in a continuous series1 under a general title1 are to be considered and treated as the authors of all works issued by them1 and in their name alone4 ,the heading is to be the name of the body1 the principal word to be the first word1 not an article4 ,a cross-reference is to be made from any important substantive or adjective1 to the principal word4 ,explanation #a4 ,if the name of the author appears upon the title-page of a work having a distinct title-page and paging1 published by such a body1 the work then comes under ,rule ,,xxi4 ,it must be recorded twice2 once under the general title1 according to the above rule1 and again under the name of the author1 referring1 if it be published in a series1 to the volume of the series in which it is contained4 ,explanation #b4 ,catalogues of public libraries are to be entered under the name of the establishment2 and if the name of the compiler appears upon the title-page1 a cross-reference should be made from it to the principal entry4 ,explanation #c4 ,when committees1 or branches of a body1 issue publications1 the heading is to be the name of the chief1 and not of the subordinate body4 ,thus1 under ,united ,states1 would be placed all public documents issued at the expense of the ,united ,states1 whether as regular ,public ,documents1 or by particular ,departments1 ,bureaus1 or ,committees4 ,such titles1 when they become numerous1 may be classed1 and conveniently arranged in the catalogue4 ,on the same principle1 the publications of literary and other societies connected with colleges and universities are to be catalogued under the names of the colleges1 c41 with cross-references from the names of the societies4 ,explanation #d4 ,under this rule1 ,liturgies1 ,prayer-,books1 ,breviaries1 ,missals1 c41 are to be placed under the ,english name of the communion1 religious order or denomination1 under whose authority they are prepared and published4 ,similar works by individuals1 are to be placed under their names4 ,,xxiii4 ,translations are to be entered under the heading of the original work1 with a cross-reference from the name of the translator4 ,if the name of the translator be known1 and that of the author unknown1 the book is to be entered1 like other anonymous works1 under the first word of the original title1 not an article or preposition1 whether the original be or be not in the library to be catalogued4 ,when the title of the original cannot be ascertained1 or cannot be expressed in ,english letters1 the translation is to be entered as an anonymous work1 that is1 under the first word of its title1 not an article or preposition4 ,,xxiv4 ,commentaries accompanied by the whole ,text1 are to be entered under the heading of the original work1 with a cross-reference from the name of the commentator4 ,if not accompanied by the ,text1 they are to be entered under the name of the commentator1 with a cross-reference from the name of the author4 ,,xxv4 ,the ,bible1 or any part of it1 in any language1 is to be entered under the word ,bible4 ,cross-references should be made from the names of the writers1 as well as from the names of the several parts of the ,bible4 ,both of these classes of names are to be expressed in the form adopted in the authorized ,english version4 ,,xxvi4 ,reports of ,trials are to be recorded under the name of the ,reporter2 or if this be not known1 under the first word of the ,title4 ,there should also be cross-references1 from the names of the plaintiff and of the defendant in a civil suit1 and from that of the defendant in a criminal suit4 ,,xxvii4 ,the ,respondent or defender in a thesis1 is to be considered its author1 except when it unequivocally appears to be the work of the ,prses4 ,,xxviii4 ,pseudonymous works are to be entered under the assumed name1 followed by pseud42 after which may be given the name of the supposed or reputed author1 with 7in case of doubt7 the word probably before it1 or 8 after it4 ,but if the author have published any edition1 continuation1 or supplement under his name1 the work is not to be considered pseudonymous4 ,in such case1 a cross-reference should be made from the feigned name4 ,explanation #a4 ,under pseudonyms are to be included not only fictitious names1 such as ,geoffrey ,crayon1 ,gent41 assumed by ,washington ,irving1 and abbreviated names1 as ,a4 ,l4 ,mil41 for ,a4 ,l4 ,millin2 but also names concealed in an anagram1 as ,nides1 for ,denis2 or formed from the initials of the real name1 as ,talvi1 for ,theresa ,adolfina ,louisa ,von ,jacob1 and all words used fictitiously as proper names of authors4 ,explanation #b4 ,works falsely attributed1 in their titles1 to particular persons1 are also to be treated as pseudonymous1 and entered under the names of the pretended authors1 with such notes as may be necessary to prevent mistake2 unless some edition has been published under the name of the real author4 ,explanation #c4 ,works published with initials1 are to be entered under the full name of the author1 if he be known to have published any edition with his name2 otherwise1 under the last initial1 which is to be supposed to stand for the surname1 and the other letter or letters for ,christian names4 ,but if the last letter be known to stand for a title1 it is not to be used for the heading4 ,,xxix4 ,anonymous works are to be entered under the first word of the title1 not an article or preposition4 ,cross-references may be made from all words1 in the title1 under which such a work would be likely to be sought for1 in an alphabetical catalogue4 ,but if the author have published any edition1 continuation1 or supplement under his name1 the work is not to be considered anonymous4 ,exception #a4 ,an anonymous biography or personal narrative is to be entered under the name of the person1 whose life or adventures form the subject of the book1 if the name appears upon the title-page4 ,but such works should in all cases be designated as anonymous4 ,exception #b4 ,an anonymous continuation1 supplement1 appendix or index is to be entered under the heading of the original work4 ,explanation #a4 ,a book is not to be considered anonymous1 when the name of the author is given in any part of it1 or expressed by any distinctive description4 ,in such case1 the name of the author is to be inserted in the title1 within brackets1 and is to be used as the heading4 ,explanation #b4 ,if it be known that the book has been attributed to a certain person1 his name may be inserted in the title1 within brackets1 with such explanation as shall prevent mistake2 and a cross-reference may be made from the name of the reputed author4 ,explanation #c4 ,works in which the author is described by some circumlocution1 which does not serve to identify him1 are to be considered anonymous4 ,remark4 ,this rule will secure uniformity4 ,it will relieve librarians from an almost incalculable amount of labor1 perplexity and dissatisfaction4 ,it will relieve readers from every inconvenience1 except that of sometimes being obliged to look in two places for the book4 ,on these accounts1 a simple1 arbitrary rule is the only one that can safely be adopted4 ,any rule for selecting the most prominent word of a title1 or for entering a book under the name of its subject1 would be found fatal to uniformity2 it would greatly increase the trouble of making a catalogue2 it would not render the catalogue more convenient for readers1 but1 in the main1 much less so4 ,the only objections to the proposed rule are1 that it brings many titles under words of little significance1 as a ,brief ,survey1 a ,succinct ,narrative1 c41 and that it brings many titles together1 under such words as ,essay1 ,history1 ,narrative1 c4 ,these objections have been fully considered1 and the rule is given with the settled conviction that the inconveniences alluded to are much less than those which would result from any other rule or set of rules1 which have been proposed1 or can be devised4 ,,cross-,,references4 ,,xxx4 ,cross-references1--consisting of only the word from which reference is made1 the word ,see1 and the name or heading referred to1--are to be made in the following instances3 7#a47 ,from other forms of a name1 than the one adopted in the heading4 7#b47 ,from any name used by an author1 or by which he may be generally known1 other than the one used for the heading4 7#c47 ,from important words in the name of any collective body1 used as a heading1 under ,rule ,,xxii4 7#d47 ,from names of subordinate bodies1 when a work is entered under the name of the principal body1 under ,rule ,,xxii4 7#e47 ,from the name of a supposed author of a pseudonymous work4 7#f47 ,from titles1 or designations of office1 or dignity1 when used upon title-pages1 instead of surnames4 7#g47 ,from the family names of persons1 whose works are entered under the ,christian1 or first names2 except sovereigns1 or princes belonging to sovereign houses4 7#h47 ,from the names of the several parts of the ,bible1 and of the writers of them4 7#i47 ,from former titles of periodicals1 when the publication is catalogued under an altered title1 or a new editor1 according to ,rule ,,vii4 ,,xxxi4 ,the following classes of cross-references1 employed to prevent the necessity of entering titles in full1 more than once1 are to contain so much of the title referred to1 as may be necessary to show distinctly the object of the reference4 ,when it would be difficult to abbreviate the title1 for this purpose1 other words1 not those of the title1 may be used4 7#a47 ,from the names of ,translators1 ,editors1 ,commentators1 ,continuators1 or other persons1 named on the title-page1 7or added to the title1 on the principle of ,rule ,,xii471 as participating in the authorship of the work4 7#b47 ,from the name of any person1 the subject of a biography or narrative4 7#c47 ,from the name of an author1 any whole work of whom1 or some considerable part of it1 may be the subject of any commentary or notes1 without the text4 7#d47 ,from the name of an author1 whose complete works are contained in any collection1 or any considerable part of whose works have been first published in such collection1 if the name be given upon the title-page4 7#e47 ,from any word1 in the title of an anonymous work1 under which one would be likely to seek for the work in an alphabetical catalogue4 7#f47 ,from the name of a supposed author of an anonymous work4 7#g47 ,from the names of the plaintiff and of the defendant1 in the report of a civil suit2 and from the name of the defendant1 in that of a criminal suit4 7#h47 ,from the name of a former editor of a periodical1 when the publication is catalogued under the name of a new editor1 according to ,rule ,,vii4 ,,arrangement4 ,,xxxii4 ,the order of the ,headings will be determined by the plan of the catalogue1 whether alphabetical1 classed1 or chronological4 ,,xxxiii4 ,the ,titles are immediately to follow the headings2 and within the divisions and sub-divisions given below1 the arrangement is to be chronological4 ,editions without date1 and those of which the date cannot be ascertained1 even by approximation1 are to precede all those bearing date1 or of which the date can be supplied1 either positively or by approximation4 ,the latter are to follow1 according to their date1 whether apparent in any part of the book1 or supplied4 ,editions by the same editor1 or such as are expressly stated to follow a specific text or edition1 and editions with the same notes or commentary1 to succeed each other1 in their chronological order1 immediately after the entry of that which is1 or is considered to be1 the earliest4 ,,xxxiv4 ,titles1 which occur under the name of an author1 are to be arranged in the following order3 7#a47 ,collections of all the works4 a4 ,those without translations1 whether with or without notes1 commentaries1 lives1 or other critical apparatus4 b4 ,those with translations4 ,editions with only one translation4 ,those with a ,latin translation are to be placed first2 next those with an ,english2 and then those with a translation into any other language1 in the alphabetical order of the ,english name of such language4 ,editions with several translations into different languages4 ,those are to be entered first1 which have the fewest number of translations4 ,among those having the same number of translations1 the alphabetical order of the first of the languages employed is to be followed4 c4 ,translations without the text4 ,these are to be arranged among themselves according to the principles laid down for translations with the text4 7#b47 ,partial collections1 containing two or more works4 ,those which contain the greatest number of works are to precede4 ,the arrangement of the whole is to be1 in other respects1 according to the principles laid down for collections of all the works4 7#c47 ,selections or collected fragments4 ,those from all the works are to precede those from several works1 and the whole to be arranged according to the foregoing principles4 7#d47 ,separate works4 ,these are to succeed each other alphabetically4 ,entire portions of a separate work are to follow immediately after the work itself4 ,the different editions and translations are to be arranged according to the foregoing principles4 7#e47 ,entire portions of a separate work1 when the work itself does not occur4 ,,xxxv4 ,works placed under the names of collective bodies1 7according to ,rule ,,xxii17 are1 in general1 to be arranged in alphabetical order2 but works forming part of a series are not to be separated1 although that series be interrupted1 or the title changed2 and works published by branches or subordinate bodies1 are to be separately arranged and placed under sub-headings1 which should be printed in a distinctive type4 ,,xxxvi4 ,cross-,references are to be placed after all other entries under the heading1 and in alphabetical order of the names referred to4 ,,xxxvii4 ,the entries under the word ,bible1 are to be arranged in the following order2 subject in other respects to the principles laid down in ,rule ,,xxxiv1 except that1 in each of the following classes1 editions with the text alone are to precede those with commentaries4 7#a47 ,the ,old and ,new ,testaments with or without the ,apocrypha4 7#b47 ,the ,old ,testament4 7#c47 ,detached parts of the ,old ,testament1 in the same order in which they are arranged in the ,english authorized version of the ,scriptures4 7#d47 ,the ,new ,testament4 7#e47 ,detached parts of the ,new ,testament4 7#f47 ,apocryphal books4 ,,maps1 ,,engravings1 ,,music4 ,,xxxviii4 ,maps1 ,charts1 ,engravings and ,music1 7except when published in volumes17 are not to be included in catalogues of ,books4 ,separate catalogues of these should be constructed upon the general principles of the preceding rules4 7#a47 ,in cataloguing ,maps and ,charts1 the full title is to be given1 including the names of surveyors1 compilers1 engravers1 publishers1 c42 date and place of publication2 and number of sheets composing the map4 ,each edition is to be separately recorded1 and the separate title of each sheet1 when it varies from the general title4 ,the titles of sub-sketches are to be introduced at the close of the main title1 within brackets1 and to be given in full1 including authorship1 scale and size4 7#b47 ,the scale is to be given in all cases4 ,when not stated on the map1 it is1 if possible1 to be derived from it4 7#c47 ,the size of the map1 within the neat-line of the border1 is to be given in inches and tenths4 ,when a map has no printed border1 the measure of the limits of printed surface is to be given4 7#d47 ,the price1 if stated on the map1 should be copied4 7#e47 ,all important peculiarities of copy1 such as the kind of paper1 and whether backed1 folded1 bound1 on rollers1 c41 should be mentioned in a note4 ,the titles thus prepared are to be arranged under the names of the countries1 or divisions of the earth's surface delineated in the maps2 and these names are to be disposed in alphabetical order1 with the cross-references necessary to facilitate research4 7#f47 ,engravings are to be recorded under the names of the engravers1 with cross-references from those of the painters or designers4 ,the date1 and the name of the publisher1 if found upon the print1 should also be given4 ,the size of the print1 in inches and tenths1 should also be stated4 ,if the copy be an artist's proof1 or a remarkably good impression of a valuable engraving1 the fact should be stated in a note4 7#g47 ,music is to be entered under the name of the composer4 ,if the work have a distinctive title1 there should be a cross-reference from that4 ,,exceptional ,,cases4 ,,xxxix4 ,cases not herein provided for1 and exceptional cases1 requiring a departure from any of the preceding rules1 are to be decided upon by the superintendent4 ,,examples4 ,,remarks ,,on ,,the ,,examples4 ,the following examples are introduced1 for the purpose of illustrating the rules1 and of furnishing specimens of different kinds of titles1 as well as of showing the general appearance of the proposed catalogues4 ,in some respects1 these are not average specimens2 but have been selected1 partly on account of their containing difficulties4 ,some titles would require a large number of cross-references4 ,only so many are here inserted as are necessary for the purpose of illustration4 ,it has not been convenient to give examples of titles in languages which use other than ,roman letters4 ,our printing-office is not yet supplied with the requisite variety of type4 ,for the same reason1 in some of the titles1 words are spelled in full1 which1 in the books1 are printed with signs of abbreviation4 ,there is a branch of this invention which promises to furnish us with the means of engraving1 with facility1 any desired characters1 and of stereotyping them from the engraved plates4 ,the application of the rules to the examples will1 in most cases1 be sufficiently obvious1 but1 it may not be amiss to make some explanations respecting a few of them4 ,rule #a to #c4 ,the examples illustrating these rules need not be specially pointed out4 ,abridgments are frequent2 but the rules for omissions could not be illustrated without giving a great number of full titles1 with abridgments of the same4 ,when an author has only one ,christian name1 the full name is supplied1 if not given in the title2 when more than one1 the initials not given are supplied4 ,errors in titles1 even to accidental faults in punctuation1 have been scrupulously copied4 ,rule #d4 ,see the titles under ,plinius ,secundus and ,orosius4 ,rule #g4 ,see ,north ,american review1 ,american quarterly review and ,bell4 ,the last journal1 being completed1 is catalogued according to the principle of ,rule #bj1 under the first editor's name4 ,rule #bj4 ,see ,cobbett and ,nyerup4 ,rule #ba4 ,see ,gale and ,histori ,august scriptores4 ,rule #ba1 ,expl4 #a4 ,see ,ancient ,irish histories and ,autobiography4 ,many of the special titles to the latter are omitted4 ,rule #bb4 ,see ,linnean society1 ,great ,britain and ,massachusetts4 ,rule #bb1 ,expls4 #b1 #c4 ,see ,london library1 ,university of ,oxford and ,grenville4 ,the catalogues of private libraries are placed under the names of the proprietors4 ,rule #bc4 ,see ,mthode1 ,riqueti and ,oriental historical mss4 ,rule #bh4 ,see ,bombet1 ,gualdi1 ,decanver and ,voltaire4 ,rule #bh1 ,expl4 #c4 ,see ,c41 ,la ,rochefoucauld and ,m 99 99 994 ,rule #bi4 ,see ,mmoires1 ,most and ,harwood4 ,rule #bi1 ,exc4 #a4 ,see ,arc and ,dubois4 ,rule #bi1 ,exc4 #b4 ,see ,bossuet and ,morgues4 ,rule #bi1 ,expl4 #a4 ,see ,barbi du ,bocage4 ,,index ,,of ,,subjects4 ,an index of subjects1 applicable to these titles1 has been prepared for the purpose of furnishing a specimen of what is proposed for the catalogue4 ,this general index may be printed separately2 being of itself1 a compact and convenient guide to the contents of the ,library4 ,such an index affords1 as will be seen1 the opportunity for making a much more minute and useful classification of titles than is practicable in a classed catalogue4 ,,local ,,index4 ,this is intended to furnish an illustration of the method1 described on page #bc1 of designating the various libraries1 where any work is to be found1 the title of which is in the catalogue4 ,this index will be an indispensable accompaniment to a general catalogue4 ,the references given in the present case are1 for the most part1 supposititious4 ,,abbreviations4 ,acc't for account4 ,anag4 for anagram4 ,app4 for appendix4 ,app'd for appended4 ,b4 for ,band and ,bnde4 ,biogr4 for biography or biographical4 ,cols4 for columns4 ,cont'd for contained4 ,cont'g for containing4 ,crit4 for critical4 ,d4 for ,deel and ,deelen4 ,ed4 for edited or edition4 ,fo4 for folio1 the fold of the sheet4 ,fol4 for folio1 a leaf1 singular or plural4 ,hist4 for history or historical4 ,in par4 cols4 for in parallel columns4 ,introd4 for introduction4 ,irr4 for irregular4 ,marg4 notes for side marginal notes4 ,opp4 for opposite4 ,p4 for part1 pars1 partie1 c41 singular or plural4 pp4 for pages4 ,pref4 for preface4 ,pref'd for prefixed4 ,pseud4 for pseudonym4 ,t4 for tomus1 tome1 tomo1 c41 singular or plural4 ,transl4 for translated or translation4 ,v4 for volume1 volumen1 c41 singular or plural4 ,,examples4 ,,alexander1 the ,great4 ,see ,,curtius ,rufus 7,quintus74 ,de rebus gestis ,alexandri ,magni4 ,,american quarterly review 7,the74 ,v4 #a-bb4 444 ,philadelphia1 #ahbg-'cg4 #h 7#f4gc4h7 #bghd ,,ancient ,irish histories4--,the works of ,spencer1 ,campion1 ,hanmer1 and ,marlebvrrovgh4 ,in two volumes4 #d pagings4 444 ,dublin1 ,hibernia press co41 #ahji4 #h 7#f4ed7 #bdbd ,,antoninus ,liberalis4 ,see ,,gale 7,thomas74 ,histori poetic scriptores4 ,antoninus ,liberalis4 ,,apollodorus1 of ,athens4 ,apollodori ,atheniensis bibliothecae libri tres--,ad codd4 mss4 fidem recensiti a ,chr4 ,g4 ,heyne ,in the original4 ,goettingae1 #aghb4 #h 7#db4b7 #ajjd ,see ,,gale 7,thomas74 ,histori poetic scriptores4 ,apollodorus ,atheniensis4 ,see ,,heyne 7,c4 ,g474 ,ad ,apollodori ,ath4 bibliothecam not1 etc4 ,,arc 7,jeanne d'74 ,memoirs of ,jeanne d',arc1 444 with the history of her times4 ,in two volumes4 #d pagings4 444 ,london1 #ahbd4 #h 7#e4cc4b7 #agbj ,,arou,t 7,franois ,marie74 ,see ,,voltaire4 ,,autobiography4 ,a collection of the most instructive and amusing lives ever published1 written by the parties themselves4 ,with brief introductions1 and compendious sequels1 carrying on the narrative to the death of each writer4 ,v4 #a-cc4 444 #dj pagings4 ,london1 #ahbf-'cb4 #ab 7#d4g irr4#b4f irr47 #abee ,note4--,this collection contains the autobiographies of ,c4 ,cibber1 ,d4 ,hume1 ,w4 ,lilly1 ,f4 ,m4 ,a4 de ,voltaire1 ,j4 ,f4 ,marmontel1 ,r4 ,drury1 ,g4 ,whitefield1 ,j4 ,ferguson1 ,m4 ,robinson1 ,c4 ,charke1 ,e4 ,herbert1 ,prince ,eugne of ,savoy1 ,a4 ,f4 ,f4 von ,kotzebue1 ,j4 ,creichton1 ,w4 ,gifford1 ,t4 ,ellwood1 ,l4 ,holberg1 ,j4 ,h4 ,vaux1 ,e4 ,gibbon1 ,b4 ,cellini1 ,j4 ,lackington1 ,t4 ,w4 ,tone1 ,friedrike ,margravine of ,baireuth1 ,g4 ,b4 ,dodington1 ,c4 ,goldoni1 ,e4 ,f4 ,vidocq1 ,m4 ,j4 ,du ,barry1 and ,w4 ,sampson4 ,,ayscough 7,samuel74 ,a general index to the ,monthly review1 from its commencement1 to the end of the seventieth volume4 ,by the ,rev4 ,samuel ,ayscough1 444 ,in two volumes4 444 ,london1 #aghf4 #h 7#f4ec4e7 #bgij ,a continuation of the general index to the ,monthly review2 commencing at the seventy-first1 and ending with the eighty-first1 volume2 completing the first series of that work4 444 ,compiled by the ,rev4 ,samuel ,ayscough1 444 ,london1 #agif4 #h 7#f4ec4f7 #bgia ,,ayscu 7,edward74 ,a historie contayning the vvarres1 treaties1 marriages1 and other occurrents betweene ,england and ,scotland1 from ,king ,william the ,conqueror1 vntill the happy vnion of them both in our gratious ,king ,iames4 ,with a briefe declaration of the first inhabitants of this island3 and what seuerall nations haue sithence setled them-selues therein one after an other3 by ,edward ,ayscu4 999999 ,london1 #afjg4 #d 7#e4ec4c7 #baef ,,baden 7,gustav ,ludvig74 ,dansk-norsk historisk ,bibliothek1 indeholdende ,efterretning om de ,skrifter1 som bidrage til dansk-norsk ,historiekundskab4 ,ved ,dr4 ,gustav ,ludvig ,baden4 ,odense1 #ahae4 #h 7#e4dc4a7 #cia ,,baireuth 7,margravine of74 ,see ,,friedrike ,sophie ,wilhelmine4 ,,balfour 7,clara ,lucas74 ,sketches of ,english literature1 from the fourteenth to the present century4 ,by ,clara ,lucas ,balfour1 444 999999 ,london1 #aheb4 #h 7#ec7 #bfdf ,,bankes 7,henry74 ,the civil and constitutional history of ,rome from its foundation to the age of ,augustus4 ,by ,henry ,bankes esq4 ,in two volumes4 999999 444 ,london1 #ahah4 #h 7#f4ac4d7 #achd ,,barbi du ,bocage 7,jean ,denis74 ,recueil de cartes gographiques1 plans1 vues et mdailles de l'ancienne ,grce1 relatifs au voyage du jeune ,anacharsis1 prcd d'une analyse critique des cartes4 ,by ,j4 ,d4 ,barbi du ,bocage4 ,seconde dition4 ,paris1 #aghi4 #h 7#g4cd4f7 pp4 xlij4 maps1 c41 #ca4 #abaf ,,bareith 7,margravine of74 ,see ,,baireuth4 ,,barth,,lemy 7,jean ,jacques74 ,voyage du jeune ,anacharsis en ,grce1 dans le milieu du quatrime sicle avant l're vulgaire4 ,seconde dition4 ,t4 #a-g4 ,by ,j4 ,j4 ,barthlemy4 ,with tables in ,v4 #g1 pp4 cccxxij4 ,paris1 #aghi4 #h 7#e4cc4a7 marg4 notes4 #abae ,note4--,for maps1 see ,barbi du ,bocage1 ,jean ,denis4 ,,basnage de ,beauval 7,jacques74 ,the history of the ,jews1 from ,jesus ,christ to the present time3 444 ,being a supplement and continuation of the history of ,josephus4 ,written in ,french by ,mr4 ,jacques ,basnage de ,beauval4 ,translated into ,english by ,tho4 ,taylor1 ,a4 ,m4 ,london1 #agjh4 fo4 7#ab4cf4i irr47 #b cols4 #adbi ,,bayard 7,chevalier74 ,see ,,du ,,terrail 7,pierre74 ,,bazin 7,l'abb71 pseud4 ,see ,,voltaire 7,f4 ,m4 ,a4 de74 ,,becker 7,wilhelm ,adolf74 ,gallus3 or1 ,roman scenes of the time of ,augustus2 with notes and excursuses illustrative of the manners and customs of the ,romans4 ,by ,professor ,w4 ,a4 ,becker4 ,translated by the ,rev4 ,frederick ,metcalfe1 444 ,with plates4 ,london1 #ahdi4 #ab 7#f4bc4e7 #agge ,,belisarius4 ,see ,,stanhope 7,philip ,henry74 ,life of ,belisarius4 ,,bell 7,thomas71 ,sec4 ,r4 ,s4 ,the zoological journal4 ,v4 #a1 #b4 ,from ,march1 #ahbd1 444 to ,april1 #ahbf4 ,conducted by ,thomas ,bell1 esq4 ,f4 ,l4 ,s4 444 ,v4 #c1 #d4 ,from ,january1 #ahbg1 444 to ,may1 #ahbi4 ,edited by ,n4 ,a4 ,vigors1 444 ,with plates4 ,london1 #ahbe-'bi4 #h 7#f4bc4f7 #bidj ,note4--,mr4 ,bell was assisted in the publication of ,v4 #a1 #b1 by ,j4 ,g4 ,children1 ,j4 ,de ,c4 ,sowerby1 and ,g4 ,b4 ,sowerby2 ,mr4 ,vigors1 in the publication of ,v4 #c1 #d1 by ,t4 ,bell1 ,e4 ,t4 ,bennett1 ,j4 ,e4 ,bicheno1 ,w4 ,j4 ,broderip1 ,j4 ,g4 ,children1 ,thos4 ,hardwicke1 ,t4 ,horsfield1 ,w4 ,kirby1 ,j4 ,de ,c4 ,sowerby1 ,g4 ,b4 ,sowerby1 and ,w4 ,yarrell4 ,,bentinck 7,lord ,george74 ,see ,,disraeli 7,benj474 ,biography of ,lord ,geo4 ,bentinck4 ,,beyle 7,henri74 ,see ,,bombet 7,l4 ,a4 ,c471 pseud4 for ,henri ,beyle4 ,,bodleian library4 ,see ,,university of ,oxford4 ,,bombet 7,louis ,alexandre ,csar71 pseud4 for ,henri ,beyle4 ,the lives of ,haydn by ,g4 ,carpani1 and ,mozart by ,schlichtegroll1 with observations on ,metastasio1 and on the present state of music in ,france and ,italy4 ,translated from the ,french of ,l4 ,a4 ,c4 ,bombet ,h4 ,beyle1 by ,r4 ,brewin4 ,with notes1 by ,w4 ,gardiner1 444 ,second edition4 ,london1 #ahah4 #h 7#e4ic4c7 #ahfd ,,bonaparte 7,napolon74 ,see ,,napol,,on ,i4 ,bonaparte4 ,,bossuet 7,jacques ,bnigne71 ,bishop of ,meaux4 ,discours sur l'histoire universelle4 ,pour expliquer la suite de la religion les changemens des empires4 ,premire partie4 ,depuis le commencement du monde jusqu' l'empire de ,charlemagne4 ,par ,messire ,jacques ,bnigne ,bossuet1 444 ,dixime dition4 999999 ,with #c maps4 ,amsterdam1 #agaj4 #ab 7#d4ib7 marg4 notes4 #acgg ,continuation de l'histoire universelle de ,messire ,jacques ,bnigne ,bossuet1 444 ,by ,jean de ,la ,barre4 ,tome second4 ,depuis l'an #hjj4 de ntre ,seigneur jusqu' l'an #afhg4 inclusivement4 ,with #c maps4 ,amsterdam1 #agad4 #ab 7#d4ib4e7 #acgh ,discours sur l'histoire universelle1 ,monseigneur le dauphin3 pour expliquer la suite de la religion1 et les changemens des empires4 ,premire partie4 ,depuis le commencement du monde jusqu' l'empire de ,charlemagne4 ,par ,messire ,jacques ,bnigne ,bossuet1 444 ,nouvelle dition4 ,paris1 #ageb4 #ab 7#d4e irr4#b4a7 marg4 notes4 #adce ,suite de l'histoire universelle1 de ,monsieur l'vque de ,meaux ,j4 ,b4 ,bossuet4 ,depuis l'an #hjj4 de notre ,seigneur jusqu' l'an #agjj4 inclusivement4 ,seconde partie4 ,nouvelle dition4 ,by ,j4 de ,la ,barre4 ,paris1 #ageb4 #ab 7#d4hb4d7 #adcf ,,bowdich 7,mrs4 ,t4 ,ed474 ,see ,,lee 7,mrs4 ,r474 ,,brothers in unity4 ,see ,,yale college4 ,,bulwer 7,sir ,edward ,lytton74 ,see ,,lytton 7,sir ,ed4 ,g4 ,e4 ,l4 ,,bulwer74 ,c4 7,m4 ,g4 ,d471 ,gatien de ,courtilz de ,sandras4 ,mmoires de ,monsieur de ,bordeaux1 intendant des finances4 ,par ,m4 ,g4 ,d4 ,c4 ,gatien de ,courtilz de ,sandras4 ,t4 #a-d4 ,amsterdam1 #ageh4 #ab 7#d4gb4c7 #bgca ,c,,sar 7,caius ,julius74 ,see ,,napol,,on ,i4 ,prcis des guerres de ,csar4 ,,campion 7,edmund74 ,ancient ,irish histories4--,a historie of ,ireland1 written in the yeare #aega4 ,by ,edmund ,campion1 444 ,ed4 by ,james ,ware4 ,dublin1 #ahji4 #h 7#f4gd7 #bdbf ,note4--,cont'd in ,v4 #a of ,ancient ,irish histories4 ,a reprint of the ,dublin edition of #afcc4 ,,capitolinus 7,julius74 ,see ,,histori ,august scriptores4 ,julius ,capitolinus4 ,,castro 7,joo de74 ,see ,,freire de ,andrada 7,jacinto74 ,vida de ,joo de ,castro4 ,,catteau-,,calleville 7,jean ,pierre ,guillaume74 ,histoire de ,christine1 reine de ,sude1 avec un prcis historique de la ,sude depuis les anciens tems jusqu' la mort de ,gustave-,adolphe-le-,grand1 444 par ,j4 ,p4 ,g4 ,catteau-,calleville1 444 ,t4 #a1 #b4 999999 ,paris1 #ahae4 #h 7#e4gc4a7 #ahgf ,,cavender 7,c4 ,h474 ,see ,,decanver 7,h4 ,c471 anag4 for ,c4 ,h4 ,cavender4 ,,cibber 7,colley74 ,an apology for the life of ,mr4 ,colley ,cibber1 comedian4 ,written by himself4 999999 ,london1 #ahbi4 #ab 7#d4gb4f7 #abef ,note4--,v4 #a of ,autobiography4 ,,cl,,ment 7,david74 ,bibliothque curieuse historique et critique1 ou catalogue raisonn de livres dificiles trouver1 par ,david ,clment4 ,t4 #a-i4 999999 ,t4 #a-c1 ,gttingen1 ,t4 #d1 #e1 ,hannover1 ,t4 #f-i1 ,leipsic1 #agej-'fj4 #d 7#f4ee7 #bfch ,note4--,this catalogue is alphabetical1 but unfinished1 extending only to ,hessus4 ,,cobbett 7,william74 ,elements of the ,roman history1 in ,english and ,french1 from the foundation of ,rome to the battle of ,actium2 selected from the best authors1 ancient and modern1 with a series of questions 444 ,the ,english by ,william ,cobbett2 the ,french by ,j4 ,h4 ,sievrac4 ,london1 #ahbh4 #ab 7#e4ec4a7 #ajbi ,note4--,with a title-page in ,french4 ,,cochrane 7,john ,george74 ,see ,,london library4 ,catalogue2 compiled by ,j4 ,g4 ,cochrane4 ,,conon ,grammaticus4 ,see ,,gale 7,thomas74 ,histori poetic scriptores4 ,conon ,grammaticus4 ,,courtilz de ,sandras 7,gatien de74 ,see ,c4 7,m4 ,g4 ,d471 ,gatien de ,courtilz de ,sandras4 ,see ,,du ,,buisson 7----71 pseud4 for ,gatien de ,courtilz de ,sandras4 ,,cueto 7,leopoldo ,augusto de74 ,see ,,queypo de ,llano 7,j4 ,m474 ,historia de ,espaa3 con su vida por ,l4 ,a4 de ,cueto4 ,,curtius ,rufus 7,quintus74 ,q4 ,curtii ,rufi1 de rebus gestis ,alexandri regis ,macedonum libri viii4 ,pref'd are two books of supplement4 ,app'd are the supplements of ,j4 ,freinsheim1 pp4 #ic4 ,edited by ,d4 ,elzevir4 #h 7#f4ic4d7 #acgi ,,cuvier 7,georges ,lopold ,chrtien ,frdric ,dagobert71 ,baron4 ,see ,,lee 7,mrs4 ,r474 ,memoirs of ,g4 ,l4 ,c4 ,f4 ,d4 ,cuvier4 ,,decanver 7,h4 ,c471 anagram for ,c4 ,h4 ,cavender4 ,catalogue of works in refutation of ,methodism1 from its origin in #agbi1 to the present time4 ,of those by ,methodist authors on lay-representation1 ,methodist episcopacy1 etc41 etc41 and of the political pamphlets relating to ,wesley's ,calm address to our ,american colonies4 ,compiled by ,h4 ,c4 ,decanver ,c4 ,h4 ,cavender4 ,philadelphia1 #ahdf4 #h 7#f4cc4h7 pp4 #ed4 #caj ,,dibdin 7,thomas ,frognall74 ,the bibliomania2 or1 book-madness2 containing some account of the history1 symptoms1 and cure of this fatal disease4 ,in an epistle addressed to ,richard ,heber1 esq4 ,by the ,rev4 ,thomas ,frognall ,dibdin1 ,f4 ,s4 ,a4 999999 ,london1 #ahji4 #h 7#f4d irr4#c4e7 pp4 #hg4 #bgcf ,the bibliomania2 or book-madness2 containing some account of the history1 symptoms1 and cure of this fatal disease4 ,in an epistle addressed to ,richard ,heber1 esq4 ,by the ,rev4 ,thomas ,frognall ,dibdin1 ,f4 ,s4 ,a4 999999 ,london1 #ahdb4 #h 7#f4dc4f7 pp4 #fd4 #bfca ,note4--,a reprint of ,the first edition1 #ahji4 ,bibliomania2 or book madness3 a bibliographical romance1 in six parts4 #a paging4 #b;d edition4 ,illustrated with cuts4 ,by the ,rev4 ,thomas ,frognall ,dibdin4 999999 ,london1 #ahaa4 #h 7#f4c irr4#c4e7 #bfbi ,bibliomania2 or book-madness2 a bibliographical romance4 ,illustrated with cuts4 ,by ,thomas ,frognall ,dibdin1 ,d4 ,d4 ,new and improved edition1 to which are now added preliminary observations1 and a supplement including a key to the assumed characters in the drama4 ,with indexes1 pp4 xxxiv4 ,london1 #ahdb4 #h 7#f4dc4g7 #bfcj ,,diogenes ,lartius4 ,diogenis ,laertii de vitis1 dogmatibus et apophthegmatibus clarorum philosophorum libri x4 ,grce et ,latine in par4 cols44 ,cum subjunctis integris annotationibus ,is4 ,casauboni1 ,th4 ,aldobrandini ,mer4 ,casauboni4 ,latinam ,ambrosii versionem complevit emendavit ,marcus ,meibomius4 ,seorsum excusas g4 ,menagii in ,diogenem observationes auctiores habet volumen ii4 444 ,addit denique sunt priorum editionum prfationes1 indices locupletissimi4 999999 ,v4 #a1 #b4 ,with portraits4 ,amsteldami1 ci i c viiic4 #d 7#h4ae4d7 #adad ,,disraeli 7,benjamin74 ,lord ,george ,bentinck3 a political biography4 ,by ,benjamin ,disraeli1 444 999999 ,second edition4 ,london1 #aheb4 #h 7#e4hc4c7 #bgeg ,,disraeli 7,isaac71 or ,d',israeli4 ,amenities of literature2 consisting of sketches and characters of ,english literature1 illustrating the literary1 political1 and religious vicissitudes of the ,english people4 ,by ,isaac ,d',israeli1 444 ,in three volumes4 444 ,second edition4 ,london1 #ahdb4 #h 7#f4cc4f7 #bfbb ,curiosities of literature4 ,by ,isaac ,disraeli4 ,with a view of the life and writings of the author4 ,by his son4 ,in three volumes4 444 ,fourteenth edition4 ,with #b portraits1 a fac-simile1 a view4 ,london1 #ahdi4 #h 7#f4gc4h7 #bgcd ,,dubois 7,guillaume71 ,archbishop of ,cambray4 ,vie prive du cardinal ,guillaume ,dubois1 444 ,by ,antoine ,mongez4 ,londres1 #aghi4 #h 7#e4gc4a7 #agba ,,du ,,buisson 7----71 pseud4 for ,gatien de ,courtilz de ,sandras4 ,the history of the life and actions of 444 the ,viscount de ,turenne4 ,written in ,french by ,monsieur ,du ,buisson ,g4 de ,courtilz de ,sandras1 444 ,and translated into ,english by ,ferrand ,spence4 444 ,london1 #afhf4 #h 7#e4gc4c7 #agai ,,dumouriez 7,charles ,franois ,,duperier74 ,the life of ,general ,c4 ,f4 ,dumouriez4 ,in three volumes4 444 999999 ,london1 #agif4 #h 7#fc4e7 #agjb ,,du ,,terrail 7,pierre71 ,chevalier ,bayard4 ,see ,,simms 7,w4 ,g474 ,life of ,pierre ,du ,terrail1 ,chevalier ,bayard4 ,,edinburgh review 7,the71 or critical journal3 444 quarterly4 999999 444 ,london1 #h 7#f4gc4h7 #bgha ,note4--,this publication was commenced in ,october1 #ahjb4 ,to ,october1 #ahec1 inclusive1 there were published #ih volumes4 ,general index to the ,edinburgh review1 from its commencement in ,october #ahjb1 to the end of the twentieth volume1 published in ,november #ahab4 ,edinburgh1 #ahac4 #h 7#f4fc4h7 #bghb ,general index to the ,edinburgh review1 from the twenty-first to the fiftieth volumes inclusive4 7,april #ahac-;,january #ahcj47 ,edinburgh1 #ahcb4 #h 7#f4hd7 #b cols4 #bghc ,,emerson 7,george ,barrell74 ,see ,,massachusetts4 ,report on the trees and shrubs of ,m42 by ,g4 ,b4 ,emerson4 ,,ess 7,willem ,lodewyk van74 ,the life of ,napoleon ,buonaparte2 containing 444 a philosophical review of his manners and policy as a soldier1 a statesman1 and a sovereign3 including memoirs and original anecdotes of the imperial family1 and the most celebrated characters that have appeared in ,france during the revolution4 ,by ,willem ,lodewyk van ,ess4 ,illustrated with portraits4 ,v4 #a-d4 ,philadelphia1 #ahji1 '#aj4 #h 7#f4fc4g7 #ahed ,,eyton 7,thomas ,c474 ,a history of the rarer ,british birds4 ,by ,t4 ,c4 ,eyton1 esq4 ,illustrated with woodcuts4 ,london1 #ahcf4 #h 7#f4cc4f7 #bhic ,a catalogue of ,british birds4 ,by ,t4 ,c4 ,eyton1 esq4 ,london1 #ahcf4 #h 7#f4cc4e7 pp4 #fg4 #bhid ,,friedrike ,sophie ,wilhelmine1 ,margravine of ,baireuth4 ,memoirs of ,frederica ,sophia ,wilhelmina1 444 ,margravine of ,bareith1 sister of ,frederic the ,great4 ,written by herself4 ,translated from the original ,french4 ,in two volumes4 444 ,london1 #ahbh4 #ab 7#d4fb4g7 #abgh ,note4--,v4 #bj1 #ba of ,autobiography4 ,,freire de ,andrada 7,jacinto74 ,vida de ,d4 ,joo de ,castro1 444 escrita por ,jacinto ,freire de ,andrada4 ,nova edio emendada1 e acrescentada com a vida do autor4 ,paris1 #ahah4 #ab 7#eb4f7 marg4 notes4 #ahae ,,frontinus 7,sextus ,julius74 ,sexti ,julii ,frontini viri consularis strategematicn sive de solertibus ducum factis dictis libri quatuor4 ,samuel ,tennulius variis mss4 contulit1 emendavit1 notis illustravit1 copiosissimo indice rerum ac verborum ornavit4 999999 ,lugduni-,batav4 ,amsteldami1 #afge4 #ab 7#d4bb4a7 #ajec 999999 ,astvtie militari di ,sesto ,iulio ,frontino huomo consolare1 di tvtti li famosi et eccellenti capitani romani1 greci1 barbari1 et hesterni4 ,ending ,stampato in ,vinegia 444 mdxxxvi4 #aecg4 #h 7#d4ib4i7 999999 #ajed ,,gale 7,thomas74 ,histori poetic scriptores antiqui4 ,apollodorus ,atheniensis4 ,conon ,grammaticus4 ,ptolemus ,hephst4 f4 ,parthenius ,nicaensis4 ,antoninus ,liberalis4 ,grc ,latin4 ,accessre breves not indices necessarij4 ,ed4 by ,thomas ,gale4 ,parisiis1 #afge4 #h 7#e4ec4c7 #c pagings4 #ajjb ,,gallicanus 7,vulcatius74 ,see ,,histori ,august scriptores4 ,vulcatius ,gallicanus4 ,,gandell 7,henry ,wood74 ,see ,,voltaire 7,f4 ,m4 ,a4 de74 ,philos4 of hist42 transl4 by ,h4 ,w4 ,gandell4 ,,goddard 7,austin ,parke74 ,see ,,guicciardini 7,fr474 ,history of ,italy2 transl4 by ,a4 ,p4 ,goddard4 ,,godwin 7,mrs4 ,mary ,w474 ,see ,,wollstonecraft 7,mary74 ,,graham 7,catharine ,,sawbridge ,macaulay74 ,the history of ,england from the accession of ,james ,i4 444 to the revolution4 ,v4 #a-e 444 ,by ,catharine ,macaulay4 ,v4 #f-h4 ,by ,catharine ,macaulay ,graham4 ,with an app4 to ,v4 #b1 pp4 xxiv1 to ,v4 #e1 pp4 lv4 ,london1 #agfc-'hc4 #d 7#g4dd4g7 marg4 notes4 #baah ,the history of ,england1 from the revolution to the present time1 in a series of letters to the ,reverend ,doctor ,wilson1 444 ,by ,catharine ,macaulay ,graham4 ,v4 #a4 ,bath1 #aggh4 #d 7#gd4e7 #baai ,,great ,,britain4 ,state papers published under the authority of his majesty's commission4 ,v4 #a-aa4 ,king ,henry the ,eighth4 444 ,with #c genealog4 tables #c maps4 ,london1 #ahca-'eb4 #d 7#h4ae4e7 marg4 notes4 #bbif ,,grenville 7,thomas74 ,bibliotheca ,grenvilliana2 or bibliographical notices of rare and curious books1 forming part of the library of the ,right ,hon4 ,thomas ,grenville3 by ,john ,thomas ,payne and ,henry ,foss4 ,v4 #a1 #b4 #a paging4 ,alphabetical2 with an index1 pp4 xxxiii1 addenda4 ,london1 #ahdb4 #h 7#f4ic4i7 #b cols4 #bgcg ,bibliotheca ,grenvilliana2 part the second1 completing the catalogue of the library bequeathed to the ,british museum by the late ,right ,hon4 ,thomas ,grenville4 ,by ,john ,thomas ,payne and ,henry ,foss4 ,alphabetical2 with an index1 pp4 xlii1 addenda1 books printed for clubs and societies4 ,london1 #ahdh4 #h 7#f4ic4i7 #b cols4 #bgch ,,gualdi 7,l'abb71 pseud4 for ,gregorio ,leti4 ,la vie de ,madame ,olimpe ,maldachini qui a gouuern l'glise1 durant le pontificat d',innocent x4 c'est dire1 depuis l'an #afdd4 iusques l'an #afee4 ,escrite par l'abb ,gvaldi4 ,gregorio ,leti4 ,cosmopoli1 #afff4 #ab 7#d4bb4c7 #bgjj ,,guicciardini 7,francesco74 ,the history of ,italy1 translated from the ,italian of ,francesco ,guicciardini1 by ,austin ,parke ,goddard1 esq2 ,the third edition4 444 ,v4 #a-aj4 ,pref'd to ,v4 #a is a life of the author1 pp4 xxxii4 ,app'd to ,v4 #aj is an index1 pp4 #gg4 ,london1 #agfc4 #h 7#e4fc7 marg4 notes4 #afjj ,,hanmer 7,meredith74 ,ancient ,irish histories4--,the chronicle of ,ireland4 ,collected by ,meredith ,hanmer1 doctor of diuinity1 in the yeare #aega4 ,dublin1 #ahji4 #h 7#f4gd7 #bdbg ,note4--,cont'd in ,v4 #b of ,ancient ,irish histories4 ,a reprint of the ,dublin edition of #afcc4 ,,harwood 7,edward74 ,biographia classica3 the lives and characters of all the classic authors1 the ,grecian and ,roman poets1 historians1 orators1 and biographers4 444 ,by ,edward ,harwood4 ,the second edition1 corrected and improv'd4 ,to which is now added1 at the end of every life1 a list of the best and most curious editions of each classic author4 ,in two volumes4 ,london1 #agej4 #ab 7#e4ab4h7 #ajai ,biographia classica3 the lives and characters of the ,greek and ,roman classics4 ,a new edition1 corrected and enlarged1 with some additional lives2 and a list of the best editions of each author4 ,by ,edward ,harwood1 ,d4 ,d4 ,in two volumes4 444 ,london1 #aggh4 #ab 7#eb4h7 #ajbj ,,herculano 7,a474 ,historia de ,portugal por ,a4 ,herculano ,t4 #a-c ,lisboa1 #ahdf-'di4 #h 7#fc4f7 #afba ,,heyne 7,christian ,gottlob74 ,ad ,apollodori ,atheniensis bibliothecam notae avctore ,chr4 ,g4 ,heyne cvm commentatione de ,apollodoro argvmento et consilio operis et cvm ,apollodori fragmentis4 ,p4 #a-c4 #a paging4 ,goettingae1 #aghc4 #h 7#d4ab4d7 #ajjf ,,histori ,august scriptores vi4 lius ,spartianus4 ,julius ,capitolinus4 lius ,lampridius4 ,vulc4 ,gallicanus4 ,trebell4 ,pollio4 ,flavius ,vopiscus4 ,cum integris notis ,isaaci ,casauboni1 ,cl4 ,salmasii ,jani ,gruteri4 ,cum indicibus locupletissimis rerum ac verborum4 ,t4 #a1 #b4 999999 ,lugduni ,batavorum1 #afga4 #h 7#e4ic4d7 #abja ,,hume 7,david74 ,the history of ,england by ,david ,hume1 in eight volumes4 444 999999 ,with portraits4 ,oxford1 #ahbf4 #h 7#f4fc4e7 marg4 notes4 #bbai ,note4--,pref'd to ,v4 #a are an autobiography of ,hume1 a letter from ,adam ,smith to ,wm4 ,strahan1 pp4 xxvi4 ,the life of ,david ,hume4 ,written by himself4 ,london1 #ahbf4 #ab 7#d4gb4f7 pp4 #af4 #abeg ,note4--,v4 #b of ,autobiography4 ,,irving 7,david74 ,the lives of the ,scotish poets1 with preliminary dissertations on the literary history of ,scotland1 and the early ,scotish drama4 ,by ,david ,irvine1 ,l4,l4,d4 ,irving4 ,v4 #a1 #b4 ,with #b portraits4 ,edinburgh1 #ahaj4 #h 7#e4hc4c7 #bdee ,note4--,a second copy1 in the ,library of ,congress1 purports to be the ,second edition1 improved1 printed in ,london4 ,the only difference is in the title-page4 ,,irving 7,washington74 ,chronicle of the conquest of ,granada4 ,by ,washington ,irving4 ,from the mss4 of ,fray ,antonio ,agapida4 ,new-,york1 #ahej4 #ab 7#e4gc4e7 #ahaf ,note4--,v4 #ad of ,the works of ,washington ,irving4 ,,jerdan 7,william74 ,the autobiography of ,william ,jerdan1 444 ,with his literary1 political1 and social reminiscences and correspondence during the last fifty years4 ,v4 #a1 #b4 ,with #b portraits4 ,london1 #aheb4 #h 7#e4cc4a7 #bdgi ,,jervis 7,henry ,jervis-,white74 ,history of the island of ,corf1 and of the republic of the ,ionian islands4 ,by ,henry ,jervis-,white ,jervis1 444 ,london1 #aheb4 #ab 7#e4bc7 #adhi ,,julianus 7,flavius ,claudius74 ,see ,,la ,,bletterie 7,jean ,ph4 ,ren de74 ,life of the ,emperor ,julian4 ,,kelly 7,michael74 ,reminiscences of ,michael ,kelly1 of the ,king's theatre1 and theatre royal ,drury ,lane1 including a period of nearly half a century2 with original anecdotes of many distinguished persons1 political1 literary1 and musical4 ,with an app4 cont'g an acc't of the ,king's theatre4 ,new-,york1 #ahbf4 #h 7#fc4f7 #beef ,,kraft 7,jens ,edvard74 ,see ,,nyerup 7,ras474 ,litteraturlexicon for ,danmark1 ,norge1 og ,island2 ved ,r4 ,n4 og ,j4 ,e4 ,kraft4 ,,la ,,barre 7,jean de74 ,see ,,bossuet 7,j4 ,b474 ,suite de l'hist4 univ42 par ,jean de ,la ,barre4 ,,la ,,bletterie 7,jean ,philippe ,ren de74 ,the life of the emperor ,julian4 ,translated from the ,french of ,j4 ,p4 ,r4 de ,la ,bletterie4 ,and improved with coins1 notes and a genealogical table4 999999 ,london1 #agdf4 #ab 7#e4ab4f7 #aaad ,,lairesse 7,gerard de74 ,het groot schilderboek1 door ,gerard de ,lairesse1 ,d4 #a1 #b4 ,with plates4 ,amsterdam1 #agjg4 #d 7#f4bd4a7 marg4 notes4 #fdd ,,lamartine 7,alphonse de ,,prat de74 ,the history of the restoration of monarchy in ,france4 ,by ,alphonse de ,lamartine4 444 ,v4 #a-c4 ,second edition4 ,london1 #ahea1 '#eb4 #h 7#e4hc4c7 #agdh ,note4--,the edition of ,v4 #b1 #c is not designated4 ,,lampridius 7lius74 ,see ,,histori ,august scriptores4 lius ,lampridius4 ,,la ,,rochefoucauld 7,franois vi4 de71 ,duke4 ,mmoires de la minorit de ,louis xiv1 corrigs augments de plusieurs choses fort considrables1 qui manquent dans les autres ditions4 ,avec une prface nouvelle1 qui sert d'indice de sommaire4 ,par ,m4 le duc ,franois vi4 ,de ,la ,rochefoucauld4 ,t4 #a1 #b4 ,trvoux1 #aged4 #ab 7#c4ib4a7 #bgaa ,,la ,,tour d',auvergne 7,henri de71 ,viscount de ,turenne4 ,see ,,du ,,buisson 7----74 ,life of ,henri de ,la ,tour d',auvergne1 ,viscount de ,turenne4 ,,la ,,troussi,,re 7----74 ,mmoires de la vie de ,franois ,dusson1 444 ,o l'on voit tout ce qui s'est pass de plus considrable1 pendant les derniers troubles de ,france1 au sujet de la religion4 ,p4 #a1 #b4 ,by ---- ,la ,troussire4 ,amsterdam1 #afgg4 #ab 7#c4ib4b7 #bgjg ,,lee 7,mrs4 ,r471 formerly ,mrs4 ,t4 ,e4 ,bowdich4 ,memoirs of ,baron ,cuvier4 ,by ,mrs4 ,r4 ,lee 7formerly ,mrs4 ,t4 ,ed4 ,bowdich74 ,with a fac-simile letter4 ,london1 #ahcc4 #h 7#e4hc4c7 #agaj ,,leti 7,gregorio74 ,see ,,gualdi1 7,l'abb71 pseud4 for ,gregorio ,leti4 ,,lilly 7,william74 ,william ,lilly's history of his life and times1 from the year #afjb to #afha4 ,written by himself1 in the sixty-sixth year of his age1 to his worthy friend1 ,elias ,ashmole1 esq4 ,published from the original ms4 ,london1 #agae4 ,london1 #ahbi4 #ab 7#d4fb4f7 #abeh ,note4--,v4 #b of ,autobiography4 ,,linnean society of ,london4 ,the transactions of the ,linnean society of ,london4 444 999999 ,with plates4 ,london4 #d 7#ge4b #g4ee4e7 #bhbe ,note4--,this publication was commenced in #agia4 ,to #ahea1 there were published #bj volumes4 ,pref'd to ,v4 #g are the charter1 bye-laws1 c4 of the society1 pp4 xl4 ,app'd to ,v4 #ag are lists of the members of the society1 for #ahce #ahcg1 pp4 #ae1 each2 to ,v4 #ah1 lists for #ahch1 #ahci1 #ahda1 pp4 #ae1 each4 ,v4 #e-bj contain lists of the additions to the library2 ,v4 #aj-bj1 lists of objects presented to the museum4 ,,linonian society4 ,see ,,yale college4 ,,london library4 ,catalogue of the ,london library1 #ab1 ,st4 ,james's square1 by ,john ,george ,cochrane1 444 ,the second edition1 greatly enlarged4 ,alphabetical2 with addenda4 ,london1 #ahdg4 #h 7#f4id7 #bgdb ,,louis ,,xiv41 of ,france4 ,see ,,la ,,rochefoucauld 7,fr4 vi4 de74 ,mmoires de la minorit de ,louis xiv4 ,,luden 7,heinrich74 ,geschichte des teutschen ,volkes4 ,von ,heinrich ,luden4 ,b4 #a-ab4 999999 ,gotha1 #ahbe-'cg4 #h 7#f4ac4e7 #aheh ,,lynes 7,john74 ,see ,,parr 7,sam474 ,catalogue of ,parr's library2 compiled by ,john ,lynes4 ,,lytton 7,sir ,edward ,george ,earle ,lytton ,,bulwer74 ,athens its rise and fall with views of the literature1 philosophy1 and social life of the ,athenian people4 ,by ,edward ,g4 ,e4 ,lytton ,bulwer ,lytton1 444 ,v4 #a1 #b4 ,london1 #ahcg4 #h 7#e4hc4c7 #aadg ,m 99 99 99 7,countess de71 ,henriette ,julie de ,murat4 ,mmoires de ,madame la comtesse de ,m 99 99 991 ,h4 ,j4 de ,murat1 avant sa retraite4 ,servant de rponse aux ,mmoires de ,m4 le comte de 99 99 991 rdigs par ,monsieur de ,saint-vremond4 ,nouvelle dition4 ,amsterdam8 #agec4 #ab 7#d4bb4b7 #bgcc ,,macaulay 7,catharine74 ,see ,,graham 7,c4 ,s4 ,m474 ,,madden 7,r4 ,r474 ,the united ,irishmen1 their lives and times4 ,by ,r4 ,r4 ,madden1 444 999999 ,in two volumes4 444 ,london1 #ahdb4 #ab 7#e4ic4b7 #bddj ,the united ,irishmen1 their lives and times4 ,by ,r4 ,r4 ,madden1 ,m4 ,d4 ,with numerous original portraits4 999999 ,second series4 ,in two volumes4 444 ,with a hist4 introd41 pp4 c1 a map4 ,london1 #ahdc4 #ab 7#e4ic4b7 #bdda ,the united ,irishmen2 their lives and times4 ,by ,r4 ,r4 ,madden1 444 ,with numerous original portraits4 999999 ,third series4 ,in three volumes4 444 ,dublin1 #ahdf4 #ab 7#e4gc4b7 #bddb ,,mahon 7,lord74 ,see ,,stanhope 7,philip ,henry74 ,,maidalchini 7,olimpia74 ,see ,,pamfili 7,o4 ,m47 ,,maldachini 7,olimpia74 ,see ,,maidalchini4 ,,marchand 7,louis ,joseph ,marie74 ,see ,,napol,,on ,i4 ,prcis des guerres de ,csar1 crit avec une prface par ,l4 ,j4 ,m4 ,marchand4 ,,marleborough 7,henry74 ,ancient ,irish histories4--,the chronicle of ,ireland4 ,by ,henry ,marlebvrrovgh2 continued from the collection of ,doctor ,meredith ,hanmer1 in the yeare #aega4 ,dublin1 #ahji4 #h 7#f4gd7 pp4 #cb4 #bdbh ,note4--,cont'd in ,v4 #b of ,ancient ,irish histories4 ,a reprint of the ,dublin edition of #afcc4 ,,massachusetts4 ,a report on the trees and shrubs growing naturally in the forests of ,massachusetts4 ,by ,george ,b4 ,emerson4 ,published agreeably to an order of the legislature1 by the commissioners on the zoological and botanical survey of the state4 ,with #ag plates4 ,boston1 #ahdf4 #h 7#f4fc4i7 #bgga ,m,,moires sur le consulat4 #agii #ahjd4 ,par un ancien conseiller d'tat4 ,paris1 #ahbg4 #h 7#e4fc4b7 #aifg ,,men 7,the7 of the time in #aheb or sketches of living notables 444 ,london1 #aheb4 #af 7#d4eb4h7 #ahbh ,,men 7,the7 of the time or sketches of living notables 444 ,new ,york1 #aheb4 #ab 7#e4fc4c7 #aidh ,,metcalfe 7,frederick74 ,see ,,becker 7,w4 ,a474 ,gallus2 transl4 by ,fred4 ,metcalfe4 ,m,,thode pour apprendre facilement l'histoire romaine1 avec une chronologie du rgne des empereurs1 un abrg des cotumes des ,romains4 ,nouvelle dition1 corrige augmente4 ,londres1 #aged4 #bd 7#d4ib4g7 #ajfi ,an easy method of learning the ,roman history2 with a chronology of the ,roman emperors1 and an abridged account of the ,roman usages and customs4 444 ,translated from the ,french1 with additions1 by ,george ,watterston1 444 ,washington1 #ahbj4 #ab 7#e4dc4a7 #ajgj ,,micali 7,giusppe74 ,l',italia avanti il dominio dei ,romani ,by ,giusppe ,micali4 ,t4 #a-d4 ,firenze1 #ahaj4 #h 7#e4fc4b7 #aeif ,antichi monumenti per servire all'opera intitolata ,l',italia avanti il dominio dei ,romani ,by ,giusppe ,micali4 ,firenze1 #ahaj4 fo4 7#ac4bi4a7 pp4 xi4 #a map #fj plates4 #agga ,,mirabeau 7,count de74 ,see ,,riqueti 7,h4 ,g474 ,,molbech 7,christian74 ,forelsninger over den nyere danske ,poesie1 srdeles efter ,digterne ,evalds1 ,baggesens og ,oehlenschlgers ,vrker1 af ,christian ,molbech1 444 ,deel #a-b4 ,kibenhavn1 #ahcb4 #h 7#e4dc4a7 #bib ,om offentlige ,bibliotheker1 ,bibliothekarer1 og det1 man har kaldet ,bibliotheksvidenskab af ,christian ,molbech1 444 7,andet1 med et ,tillg og ,register forgede ,aftryk47 ,kibenhavn1 #ahbi4 #h 7#fc4e7 #bia ,ueber ,bibliothekswissenschaft oder ,einrichtung und ,verwaltung ffentlicher ,bibliotheken von ,christian ,molbech1 444 ,nach der zweiten ,ausgabe des dnischen ,originals bersetzt von ,h4 ,ratjen1 444 ,von dem ,verfasser mit ,zustzen1 mit einem ,verzeichnisse der ,pergament-drucke der grossen ,k4 ,kopenh4 ,bibliothek und einem ,beitrage zur ,geschichte dieser ,bibliothek vermehrt2 von dem ,uebersetzer mit ,anmerk4 versehen4 ,mit einer ,steindrucktafel4 ,leipzig1 #ahcc4 #h 7#f4bc4e7 #cag ,,mongez 7,antoine74 ,see ,,dubois 7,guill474 ,vie prive2 par ,ant4 ,mongez4 ,,monthly review 7,the74 444 999999 ,v4 #a-ha4 ,v4 #a-ajh4 ,new series4 ,v4 #a-ae4 ,new and improved series4 ,v4 #a-cc4 ,new and improved series4 ,london1 #ahji-'db4 #h 7#f4fd7 #bghi ,note4--,from ,january1 #ahca1 to ,december1 #ahda1 inclusive1 there was published1 annually1 a new series of #c volumes1 each4 ,for an index to the first series1 see ,ayscough1 ,samuel4 ,a general index to the ,monthly review1 from the commencement of the new series1 in ,january1 #agij1 to the end of the eighty-first volume1 completed in ,december1 #ahaf4 ,in two volumes4 444 ,london1 #ahah4 #h 7#f4hc4f7 #bghj ,,morgues 7,matthieu de71 ,sieur de ,saint ,germain4 ,diverses pices povr la dfence de la royne mre dv roy trs-chrestien ,lovys xiii4 faites et reveves par ,messire ,matthiev de ,morgves sieur de ,s4 ,germain1 444 ,antwerp8 #afdc4 #h 7#e4eb4h7 marg4 notes4 #bgbh ,pices cvrievses povr la deffence de la royne mre dv roy ,lovys xiii4 par divers avthevrs en suitte de celles du sieur de ,s4 ,germain ,matthieu de ,morgues4 444 ,t4 #b4 ,paris1 #afdd8 ,iouxte la copie imprime ,anuers4 #h 7#e4d irr4#b4i7 #f pagings4 #bgbi ,,most excellent and perfecte homish apothecarye or homely physick booke 7,a71 for all the grefes and diseases of the bodye4 ,translated out the ,almaine speche into ,english by ,jhon ,hollybush4 999999 ,collen1 #aefa4 fo4 7#h4fe4b7 marg4 notes4 fol4 #da4 #bhjf ,,murat 7,henriette ,julie de ,,castelnau de71 ,countess4 ,see ,m 99 99 99 7,countess de71 ,h4 ,j4 de ,murat4 ,,napol,,on ,i4 ,bonaparte1 of ,france4 ,prcis des guerres de ,csar1 par ,napolon1 crit with preface par ,m4 ,marchand1 l'le ,sainte-,hlne1 sous la dicte de l'empereur2 suivi de plusieurs fragmens indits4 ,paris1 #ahcf4 #h 7#e4fc4c7 #a chart4 #abhh ,see ,,ess 7,w4 ,l4 van74 ,life of ,napoleon4 ,see ,,norvins 7,j4 ,m4 de ,m4 de74 ,histoire de ,napolon4 ,,necker 7,jacques74 ,de la rvolution franoise1 par ,m4 ,jacques ,necker4 ,t4 #a-d4 ,paris8 #agif4 #h 7#e4ec4a7 #bjgj ,,north ,,american review 7,the74 444 999999 ,quarterly4 ,boston4 #ab 7#f4ec4e7 #bggh ,note4--,this publication was commenced in ,may1 #ahae4 ,to ,april1 #ahec1 inclusive1 there were published #gf volumes4 ,the titles of ,v4 #a-ab read ,the ,north ,american review and miscellaneous journal4 ,v4 #a-eh are in #hvo4 ,v4 #ei-gf are in #abmo4 ,general index to the ,north ,american review1 from its commencement in #ahae to the end of the twenty-fifth volume1 published in ,october1 #ahbg4 ,boston1 #ahbi4 #h 7#f4ac4f7 #bggi ,,norvins 7,jacques ,marquet de ,montbreton de74 ,histoire de ,napolon1 par ,m4 ,j4 ,m4 de ,m4 de ,norvins4 ,orne de portraits1 vignettes1 cartes et plans4 ,t4 #a-d4 ,paris1 #ahbg1 '#bh4 #h 7#e4ec4b7 #agjg ,histoire de ,napolon par ,m4 ,j4 ,m4 de ,m4 de ,norvins #ba;e dition illustre par ,raffet4 ,paris1 #aheb4 #h 7#ajg4b7 #b cols4 #bjii ,,nyerup 7,rasmus74 ,almindeligt ,litteraturlexicon for ,danmark1 ,norge1 og ,island2 eller ,fortegnelse over danske1 norske1 og islandske1 saavel afdde som nu levende ,forfattere1 med ,anfrelse af deres vigtigste ,levnets-,omstoendigheder og ,liste over deres ,skrifter4 ,ved ,r4 ,nyerup og ,j4 ,e4 ,kraft4 ,kjbenhavn1 #ahbj4 7#g4ef7 #b cols4 #baf ,,oriental historical manuscripts1 in the ,tamil language3 translated2 with annotations4 ,by ,william ,taylor1 missionary4 ,in two volumes1 444 ,with appendixes ,a-,g41 pp4 #eb4 ,madras1 #ahce4 #d 7#g4ee4f7 #adaj ,,orosius 7,paulus74 ,pauli ,orosii historiographi clarissimi opus prestantissimum4 999999 444 ,ending ,pauli ,orosii viri prclarissimi historiarum opus absolutum est3 quod diligentissime emendatum impressum ,parhisiis in ,bellouisu pro ,ioanne ,petit commorante in vico diui ,iacobi sub leone argenteo4 ,anno ab incarnatione ,domini4 m4cccccvi4 die4 xxi4 mensis ,ianuarii4 #d 7#fc4h7 marg4 notes4 fol4 cxxiii4 #abjb ,,pamfili 7,olimpia ,,maidalchini74 ,see ,,gualdi 7,l'abb74 ,la vie d',olimpe ,pamfili4 ,,parr1 7,samuel71 ,,ll4 ,d4 ,bibliotheca ,parriana4--,a catalogue of the library of 444 ,samuel ,parr1 444 ,compiled by ,john ,lynes2 with a portrait of ,parr4 ,classed1 with an alphabetical index1 pp4 viii4 ,london1 #ahbg4 #h 7#f4d irr4#c4g7 #bfei ,,parthenius1 of ,nica4 ,see ,,gale 7,thomas74 ,histori poetic scriptores4 ,parthenius ,nicaensis4 ,,paterculus 7,caius1 or ,m4 or ,p4 ,velleius74 ,c4 ,velleivs ,patercvlvs cvm animadversionibvs ,ivsti ,lips,i1 qvas postremvm avxit et emendavit4 999999 ,with index4 ,antverpi1 #affg4 fo4 7#aa4df4g7 marg4 notes4 pp4 #hd4 #adbg ,,plinius ,secundus 7,caius74 ,beginning1 folio #d1 verso1 ,caii ,plynii ,secvndi natvralis historiae liber 4#a4 ,ending1 ,caii ,plynii ,secvndi natvralis historiae libri tricesimiseptimi et vltimi finis impressi ,tervisii dvctv et impensis ,michaelis ,manzoli ,parmensis4 m4cccc4lxxix4 fo4 7#h4ce4b7 #ceh leaves4 #bhea ,,pollio 7,trebellius74 ,see ,,histori ,august scriptores4 ,trebell4 ,pollio4 ,,potter 7,john74 ,archologia ,grca3 or1 the antiquities of ,greece4 ,the seventh edition4 ,by ,john ,potter1 444 ,v4 #a1 #b4 444 999999 ,london1 #agea4 #h 7#f4dc4e irr47 #aafb ,,ptolem,,us ,chennus1 of ,alexandria4 ,see ,,gale 7,thomas74 ,histori poetic scriptores4 ,ptolemus4 ,,queypo de ,llano 7,jos ,maria71 ,count of ,toreno4 ,historia del levantamiento1 guerra y revolucion de ,espaa1 por ,j4 ,m4 ,queypo de ,llano el conde de ,toreno4 ,nueva edicion aumentada con su vida by ,l4 ,a4 de ,cueto1 pp4 l1 y retrato4 ,t4 #a-c4 ,paris1 #ahea4 #h 7#f4hc4g7 #bjjc ,,raffles 7,sir ,thomas ,stamford74 ,the history of ,java4 ,by ,thomas ,stamford ,raffles1 444 ,in two volumes4 ,with a map and plates4 444 ,with app4 ,a-,m1 pp4 cclx4 ,london1 #ahag4 #d 7#g4fe4c7 marg4 notes4 #aehd ,,riqueti 7,honor ,gabriel71 ,count de ,mirabeau4 ,histoire secrte de la cour de ,berlin1 ou correspondance d'un voyageur franois1 depuis le mois de juillet #aghf jusqu'au #ai janvier #aghg4 ,ouvrage posthume4 ,avec une lettre remise au roi de ,prusse regnant1 le jour de son avnement au trne3 par le comte de ,mirabeau ,h4 ,g4 ,riqueti4 ,t4 #a1 #b4 ,londres1 #aghi4 #h 7#e4eb4i7 #bjci ,the secret history of the court of ,berlin2 444 ,in a series of letters1 translated from the ,french4 ,a posthumous work4 ,to which is added a memorial1 presented to the present king of ,prussia1 on the day of his accession to the throne1 by ,count ,mirabeau ,h4 ,g4 ,riqueti4 ,v4 #a1 #b4 ,london1 #aghi4 #h 7#e4gc4a7 #bjdj ,,scheltema 7,jacobus74 ,staatkundig ,nederland2 een woordenboek tot de biographische kaart van dien naam1 door ,mr4 ,jacobus ,scheltema4 ,d4 #a1 #b4 444 ,amsterdam1 #ahje1 '#f4 #h 7#e4fc7 marg4 notes4 #fde ,,sievrac 7,jean ,henri74 ,see ,,cobbett 7,wm474 ,roman hist4 in ,french and ,english2 the ,fr4 by ,j4 ,h4 ,sievrac4 ,,simms 7,william ,gilmore74 ,the life of the ,chevalier ,bayard2 ,the good knight1 ,sans peur et sans reproche4 ,by ,w4 ,gilmore ,simms4 999999 ,new ,york1 #ahdg4 #ab 7#e4gc4b7 #agbc ,,spartianus 7lius74 ,see ,,histori ,august scriptores4 lius ,spartianus4 ,,spence 7,ferrand74 ,see ,,du ,,buisson 7----74 ,life of ,turenne2 transl4 by ,ferrand ,spence4 ,,spenser 7,edmund74 ,ancient ,irish histories4--,a view of the state of ,ireland1 written dialogue-wise1 betweene ,eudoxus and ,irenus4 ,by ,edmund ,spencer1 esq4 in the yeare #aeif4 ,ed4 by ,james ,ware4 ,dublin1 #ahji4 #h 7#f4ed7 #bdbe ,note4--,cont'd in ,v4 #a of ,ancient ,irish histories4 ,a reprint of the ,dublin edition of #afcc4 ,,stanhope 7,philip ,henry71 ,lord ,mahon4 ,history of the war of the succession in ,spain4 ,by ,p4 ,h4 ,stanhope1 ,lord ,mahon4 ,second edition4 ,with a map an app41 pp4 cxxxv4 ,london1 #ahcf4 #h 7#f4cc4e7 #afcj ,the life of ,belisarius4 ,by ,p4 ,h4 ,stanhope1 ,lord ,mahon4 ,with a map4 ,london1 #ahbi4 #h 7#f4ac4e7 #acjd ,,tacitus 7,caius ,cornelius74 ,cornelii ,taciti opera4 ,ad codices antiqvos exacta et emendata commentario critico et exegetico illvstrata edidit ,franciscvs ,ritter 444 ,v4 #a-d4 ,with a biogr4 and crit4 preface4 ,cantabrigiae1 #ahdh4 #h 7#f4fc4g7 #bbgc ,cornelii ,taciti annales4 ,ad codices antiqvos exacti et emendati commentario critico et exegetico illvstrati opera ,francisci ,ritteri4 ,v4 #a1 #b4 ,cantabrigiae1 #ahdh4 #h 7#f4fc4g7 #bbgd ,note4--,v4 #a1 #b of ,cornelii ,taciti opera4 ,cornelii ,taciti historiae4 ,ad codices antiqvos exactae et emendatae commentario critico et exegetico illvstratae opera ,francisci ,ritteri4 ,cantabrigiae1 #ahdh4 #h 7#f4fc4g7 #bbge ,note4--,v4 #c of ,cornelii ,taciti opera4 ,cornelii ,taciti libri minores ,germania ,agricola ,dialogvs4 ,ad codices antiqvos exacti et emendati commentario critico et exegetico illvstrati opera ,francisci ,ritteri4 ,accesservnt indices4 ,cantabrigiae1 #ahdh4 #h 7#f4fc4g7 #bbgf ,note4--,v4 #d of ,cornelii ,taciti opera4 ,,taylor 7,william74 ,see ,,oriental hist4 mss4 in the ,tamil language2 transl4 with annotations by ,wm4 ,taylor4 ,,thibaudeau 7,antoine ,claire74 ,histoire des tats gnraux et des institutions reprsentatives en ,france depuis l'origine de la monarchie jusqu' #aghi par ,a4 ,c4 ,thibaudeau ,t4 #a-c4 ,bruxelles1 #ahdd4 #h 7#f4fd7 #bjje ,,thortsen 7,carl ,adolph74 ,historisk ,udsigt over den danske ,litteratur indtil ,aar #ahad4 ,af ,dr4 ,carl ,adolph ,thortsen1 444 ,kjbenhavn1 #ahci4 #h 7#f4bc4d7 #bij ,,toreno 7,count of74 ,see ,,queypo de ,llano 7,j4 ,m474 ,,townsend 7,william ,c474 ,the lives of twelve eminent judges of the last and of the present century4 ,by ,william ,c4 ,townsend1 444 ,in two volumes4 444 ,london1 #ahdf4 #h 7#f4fc4g7 #bccb ,,turenne 7,viscount de74 ,see ,,la ,,tour d',auvergne 7,henri de74 ,,ungewitter 7,francis ,h474 ,europe1 past and present3 a comprehensive manual of ,european geography and history2 with separate descriptions and statistics of each state1 and a copious index1 444 ,by ,francis ,h4 ,ungewitter1 ,,ll4,d4 ,new ,york1 #ahej4 #ab 7#e4fc4e7 #adij ,,university of ,oxford4 ,catalogus librorum impressorum bibliothec ,bodleian in ,academia ,oxoniensi4 ,v4 #a-c4 ,oxonii1 #ahdc4 fo4 7#aa4ig4a7 #b cols4 #adj ,note4--,this catalogue1 prepared by ,dr4 ,bulkley ,bandinel1 contains the titles of books in the library up to #ahce1 except those of which special catalogues had been published1 viz43 ,books bequeathed by ,r4 ,gough1 ,books and ,,mss4 bequeathed by ,f4 ,douce1 ,dissertationes ,academicae ,see titles of these catalogues below1 and those described in the following catalogue1 ,bibliotheca celeberrima ,hebraea quam collegit ,dav4 ,oppenheimerus1 #h ,hamburgi #ahbj4 ,catalogus impressorum librorum quibus aucta est bibliotheca ,bodleiana1 annis mdcccxxxv-mdcccxlvii4 ,oxonii1 #ahea4 fo4 7#aa4hg4a7 #b cols4 #ada ,note4--,the half-title reads3 ,catalogi impressorum librorum bibliothec ,bodleian volumen quartum4 ,it is also designated in the signatures as ,vol4 #d4 ,a catalogue of the books1 relating to ,british topography1 and ,saxon and northern literature1 bequeathed to the ,bodleian library1 in the year mdccxcix4 by ,richard ,gough1 esq4 ,f4,s4,a4 ,oxford1 #ahad4 #d 7#g4be4c7 #adb ,catalogue of early ,english poetry and other miscellaneous works illustrating the ,british drama1 collected by ,edmond ,malone1 esq4 and now preserved in the ,bodleian library4 ,prefixed is a biographical memoir of ,edmond ,malone4 ,oxford1 #ahcf4 fo4 7#aa4ig4a7 #b cols4 #ade ,catalogue of the printed books and manuscripts bequeathed by ,francis ,douce1 esq4 to the ,bodleian library4 ,oxford1 #ahdj4 fo4 7#aa4ig4a7 #b cols4 #add ,note4--,the ,catalogue of manuscripts is separately paged1--#ij pages1 with #d lithographic plates4 ,,van ,,ess 7,willem ,lodewyk74 ,see ,,ess4 ,,volney 7,constantin ,franois ,,chasseb,,uf de74 ,recherches nouvelles sur l'histoire ancienne4 ,p4 #a-c1 444 dition revue et complte4 ,by ,c4 ,f4 ,c4 de ,volney4 ,with maps tables4 ,paris1 #ahad1 '#ae4 #h 7#e4fc4d7 #aaed ,,voltaire 7,franois ,marie ,,aro,,et de74 ,memoirs of the life of ,f4 ,m4 ,a4 de ,voltaire4 ,written by himself4 ,with introduction and sequel1 condensed from the life by ,condorcet4 ,london1 #ahbf4 #ab 7#d4fb4f7 #abei ,note4--,v4 #b of ,autobiography4 ,the philosophy of history1 or a philosophical and historical dissertation1 on the origin1 manners1 customs1 and religion of the different nations1 and people1 of antiquity2 with a clear and concise exposition1 of the usages1 and opinions common amongst them2 and1 in particular1 of their religious rites1 ceremonies1 and superstitions3 444 ,translated from the original ,french manuscripts of ,monsr4 l'abb ,bazin pseud4 for ,f4 ,m4 ,a4 de ,voltaire4 ,by ,henry ,wood ,gandell1 444 999999 ,london1 #ahbi4 #h 7#f4bc4e7 #afic ,,vopiscus 7,flavius74 ,see ,,histori ,august scriptores4 ,fl4 ,vopiscus4 ,,wilson 7,robert ,thomas74 ,history of the ,british expedition to ,egypt2 to which is subjoined1 a sketch of the present state of that country and its means of defence4 ,illustrated with maps1 and a portrait of ,sir ,ralph ,abercromby4 ,by ,robert ,thomas ,wilson1 444 ,v4 #a1 #b4 999999 ,the fourth edition4 ,london1 #ahjc4 #h 7#e4gc4c7 #bjec ,,wollstonecraft 7,mary71 afterwards ,mrs4 ,godwin4 ,an historical and moral view of the origin and progress of the ,french revolution2 and the effect it has produced in ,europe4 ,by ,mary ,wollstonecraft4 ,v4 #a4 ,london1 #agid4 #h 7#fc4c7 #afhg ,,yale college1 ,new ,haven1 ,conn4 ,catalogue of books in the library of ,yale college4 ,classed4 ,new ,haven1 #ahbc4 #h 7#f4fc4f7 #ejb ,catalogue of the library of the ,linonian society1 ,yale college1 ,november1 #ahdf4 ,alphabetical1 with a classed index4 ,new ,haven1 #ahdf4 #h 7#f4ed7 #deg ,catalogue of the library of the society of ,brothers in unity1 ,yale college1 ,april #ahdf4 ,alphabetical1 with a classed index4 ,new ,haven1 #ahdf4 #h 7#f4gc4h7 #deh ,,index ,,of ,,subjects4 ,antiquities4 ,dissertation on1 ,voltaire4 ,grecian ,a4 ,see ,greece4 ,athens4 ,rise and fall of1 ,lytton4 ,autobiography4 ,collection of lives4 ,autobiography4 ,a4 of ,w4 ,jerdan4 ,jerdan4 ,bibliography4 ,bibliomania1 or book-madness4 ,dibdin4 ,catal4 de livr4 difficiles trouver4 ,clment4 ,dansk-norsk hist4 ,bibliothek4 ,baden4 ,litteraturlexicon for ,danmark1 ,norge og ,island4 ,nyerup4 ,bibliotheca ,grenvilliana4 ,grenville4 ,om ,bibliotheksvidenskab4 ,molbech4 ,ueber ,bibliothekswissenschaft4 ,molbech4 ,works in refutation of ,methodism4 ,decanver4 ,see ,catalogues4 ,bibliomania4 ,bibliomania1 or book-madness4 ,dibdin4 ,biography4 ,b4 of classic authors4 ,harwood4 ,celebrated characters of the ,french revol4 ,ess4 ,de vitis1 etc4 philosophorum4 ,diogenes ,lartius4 ,lives of the ,scotish poets4 ,irving 7,d474 the ,united ,irishmen4 ,madden4 twelve eminent judges4 ,townsend4 ,sketches of living notables1 in #aheb4 ,men4 ,staatkundig ,nederland4 ,scheltema4 ,de rebus gestis ,alexandri4 ,curtius ,rufus4 ,hist4 de ,christine1 de ,sude4 ,catteau-,calleville4 ,napolon4 ,norvins4 ,la dfence de ,marie de ,mdicis4 ,morgues4 ,la minorit de ,louis xiv4 ,la ,rochefoucauld4 ,life of ,belisarius4 ,stanhope4 ,chev4 ,bayard4 ,simms4 ,dumouriez4 ,dumouriez4 ,guicciardini4 ,guicciardini4 ,julian4 ,la ,bletterie4 ,napoleon4 ,ess4 ,turenne4 ,du ,buisson4 ,lives of ,haydn and ,mozart1 with observ4 on ,metastasio4 ,bombet4 ,mm4 de ,f4 ,dusson4 ,la ,troussire4 la comtesse de ,murat4 ,m 99 99 994 ,m4 de ,bordeaux4 ,c4 7,m4 ,g4 ,d474 ,mem4 of ,cuvier4 ,lee4 ,j4 d',arc4 ,arc4 ,political ,b4 of ,l'd ,g4 ,bentinck4 ,disraeli 7,b474 ,reminiscences of ,m4 ,kelly4 ,kelly4 ,vida de ,j4 de ,castro4 ,freire de ,andrada4 ,vie d',o4 ,maldachini4 ,gualdi4 ,vie prive du cardinal ,dubois4 ,dubois4 ,botany4 ,transactions of the ,linnean soc4 ,linnean soc4 ,trees and shrubs of ,mass4 ,massachusetts4 ,catalogues4 ,c4 de livres difficiles trouver4 ,clment4 ,c4 of ,bodleian libr'y4 ,univ4 of ,oxford4 ,c4 of libr'y of ,brothers in unity4 ,yale college4 ,c4 of libr'y of ,linonian soc4 ,yale college4 ,c4 of libr'y of ,s4 ,parr4 ,parr4 ,c4 of libr'y of ,t4 ,grenville4 ,grenville4 ,c4 of libr'y of ,yale college4 ,yale college4 ,c4 of ,london libr'y4 ,london library4 ,corfu4 ,history of1 ,jervis4 ,denmark4 ,dansk-norsk hist4 ,bibliothek4 ,baden4 ,forelsninger over den danske ,poesie4 ,molbech4 ,litteraturlexicon for1 ,nyerup4 ,udsigt over den danske ,litteratur4 ,thortsen4 ,drama4 ,catal4 of books on the ,british1 ,univ4 of ,oxford4 ,diss4 on the early ,scotish1 ,irving 7,d474 ,egypt4 ,br4 expedition to1 and present state of1 ,wilson4 ,england4 ,br4 expedition to ,egypt4 ,wilson4 ,history of1 ,graham4 ,hume4 ,hist4 of ,e4 and ,scotland to the union4 ,ayscu4 ,lives of twelve eminent judges4 ,townsend4 ,sketches of the literature of1 ,balfour4 ,disraeli 7,i474 ,state papers3 ,henry viii4 ,great ,britain4 ,see ,great ,britain4 ,europe4 ,manual of the geogr4 and hist4 of1 ,ungewitter4 ,france4 ,celebrated characters of the revol4 ,ess4 ,de la rvolution franoise4 ,necker4 ,hist4 des instit4 reprsentatives4 ,thibaudeau4 ,hist4 of the restoration4 ,lamartine4 ,mmoires sur le consulat4 ,mmoires4 ,mem4 and times of ,j4 d',arc4 ,arc4 ,state of music in1 ,bombet4 ,view of the revol4 ,wollstonecraft4 ,geography4 ,manual of ,european1 ,ungewitter4 ,germany4 ,germania4 ,tacitus4 ,geschichte des deutschen ,volkes4 ,luden4 ,granada4 ,conquest of1 ,irving 7,w474 ,great ,britain4 ,catal4 of books on ,br4 drama4 ,univ4 of ,oxford4 ,catal4 of books on ,br4 topogr4 ,univ4 of ,oxford4 ,catal4 of ,br4 birds4 ,eyton4 ,hist4 of ,br4 birds4 ,eyton4 ,see ,england1 ,ireland and ,scotland4 ,greece4 ,antiquities of1 ,potter4 ,hist4 of ,corf and the ,ionian repub4 ,jervis4 ,recueil de cartes1 etc4 ,barbi du ,bocage4 ,voyage d',anacharsis4 ,barthlemy4 ,hebrews4 ,see ,jews4 ,history4 ,histoire universelle4 ,bossuet4 ,manual of ,european1 ,ungewitter4 ,orosii hiptoriographi opus4 ,orosius4 ,philosophy of1 ,voltaire4 ,recherches sur l'hist4 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,the following lines were added to the table of contents3 ,,report4 ,,copy ,,of ,a ,,letter1 viii ,,remarks ,,on ,,the ,,examples1 #fg ,,examples1 #fi ,,index ,,of ,,subjects1 #ia ,,explanations ,,of ,,initials1 #id ,,local ,,index1 #ie ,the following corrections were applied to the text4 ,the first line is the original line1 the second the corrected one4 page #cc3 un-undesirable changed to undesirable3 and un- undesirable to distinguish the initials where the printer had and undesirable to distinguish the initials where the printer had page #fc3 artists' changed to artist's3 tenths1 should also be stated4 ,if the copy be an artists' proof1 or a tenths1 should also be stated4 ,if the copy be an artist's proof1 or a page #gj3 #c #d changed to #c4d3 ,london1 #ahah4 #h 7#f4ac #d7 #achd ,london1 #ahah4 #h 7#f4ac4d7 #achd page #gc3 missing full stop added3 ,t4 #a-c1 ,gttingen1 ,t4 #d1 #e1 ,hannover1 ,t4 #f-i1 ,leipsic1 #agej-'fj #d ,t4 #a-c1 ,gttingen1 ,t4 #d1 #e1 ,hannover1 ,t4 #f-i1 ,leipsic1 #agej-'fj4 #d page #gf3 4 changed to 13 ,london4 #h 7#f4gc4h7 #bgha ,london1 #h 7#f4gc4h7 #bgha page #gg3 single quote changed to double quote3 ,ending ,stampato in ,vinegia 444 mdxxxvi4' ,ending ,stampato in ,vinegia 444 mdxxxvi4 page #ha3 pp changed to pp43 to ,v4 #ah1 lists for #ahch1 #ahci1 #ahda1 pp #ae1 each4 to ,v4 #ah1 lists for #ahch1 #ahci1 #ahda1 pp4 #ae1 each4 page #hc3 two missing full stops added3 ,firenze1 #ahaj fo 7#ac4bi4a7 pp4 xi4 #a map #fj plates4 #agga ,firenze1 #ahaj4 fo4 7#ac4bi4a7 pp4 xi4 #a map #fj plates4 #agga page #he3 missing full stop added3 dition illustre par ,raffet dition illustre par ,raffet4 page #hh3 missing full stop added3 ,thibaudeau ,t #a-c4 ,thibaudeau ,t4 #a-c4 page #ia3 ,thorsten changed to ,thortsen3 ,udsigt over den danske ,litteratur4 ,thorsten4 ,udsigt over den danske ,litteratur4 ,thortsen4 page #ia3 representitives changed to reprsentatives3 ,hist4 des instit4 representitives4 ,hist4 des instit4 reprsentatives4 page #ib3 avant changed to avanti3 ,i4 avant il dominio dei ,romani4 ,i4 avanti il dominio dei ,romani4 page #ib1 under ,libraries3 ,bibliotheksvidenskap changed to ,bibliotheksvidenskab3 ,om ,bibliotheksvidenskap4 ,om ,bibliotheksvidenskab4 page #ib3 ,thorsten changed to ,thortsen3 ,udsigt over den danske1 ,thorsten4 ,udsigt over den danske1 ,thortsen4 page #ie3 ,p4 ,l4 ,c4 changed to ,l4 ,c4 ,p43 #ajec ,l4 ,c41 ,p4 ,l4 ,c4 #ajec ,l4 ,c41 ,l4 ,c4 ,p4 page #if3 ,n4 ,y4 ,s4 ,s4 changed to ,n4 ,y4 ,s4 ,l43 #ahfd ,h4 ,c41 ,l4 ,c41 ,n4 ,y4 ,s4 ,s4 #ahfd ,h4 ,c41 ,l4 ,c41 ,n4 ,y4 ,s4 ,l4 page #if3 ,h4 ,o4 changed to ,h4 ,c43 #bbgd ,h4 ,o41 ,l4 ,c41 ,y4 ,c4 #bbgd ,h4 ,c41 ,l4 ,c41 ,y4 ,c4 page #if3 ,s4 ,l4 changed to ,s4 ,i43 #bghc ,l4 ,c41 ,s4 ,l41 ,y4 ,c4 #bghc ,l4 ,c41 ,s4 ,i41 ,y4 ,c4 page #if3 ,s4 ,l4 changed to ,s4 ,i43 #bidj ,l4 ,c41 ,s4 ,l41 ,y4 ,c4 #bidj ,l4 ,c41 ,s4 ,i41 ,y4 ,c4