,,! ,,assyrian ,,& ,,hebrew ,,hymns ,,( ,,praise ,,by ,,*>les ,,gordon ,,cumm+ ,,ams ,,press1 ,,inc4 ,,new ,,york1 ,n4,y4 #ajjjc #aiff ,copyright #aicd ,columbia ,univ]sity ,press ,repr9t$ ) ! p]mission ( ! orig9al publi%] ,manufactur$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica ,,gratefully ,,d$icat$ ,,to ,,ri*>d ,j4 ,h4 ,,got!il ,,note ,pr(essor ,cumm+ has *os5 a mo/ int]e/+ subject ^u :i* to write a comp>ison ( 8,! ,assyrian & ! ,hebrew ,hymns ( ,praise40 ,he has sp5t a numb] ( ye>s develop+ 8 !me1 & has produc$ a book :i* ,i comm5d he>tily to ! att5tion ( s*ol>s :o are int]e/$ 9 ?is field4 ,( c\rse1 we d n possess all ! hymns writt5 by ! ,assyrian poets1 nor h we all ^? produc$ by ! old ,hebrew song/]s4 ,b we c]ta9ly h suffici5t to make x possible = u to =m a j idea ( _! "* & ( _! beauty4 ,ri*>d ,got!il ,,=eword ,x 0 ! au?or's orig9al int5tion to add to ?is book a translation ( all ! important ,assyrian hymns2 = a br++ toge!r ( hymns n[ scatt]$ ?r\gh _m books & p]iodicals w\ld be a v real s]vice to ,old ,te/am5t s*ol>%ip4 ,su* a task h[ev] calls = ! k & skill ( ! ?or\ghly compet5t ,assyriologi/4 ,x is hop$ t ! li/ ( texts & translations app5d$ to ?is book may make x easi] = any int]e/$ read] to locate & c>ry fur!r ! /udy ( any p>ticul> hymn4 ,9 ! case ( ! ,hebrew psalms "s slight confusion may be sp>$ ! read] if he recognizes t ! numb]+ ( ! v]ses is t ( ! ,hebrew text1 :i* diff]s slightly 9 c]ta9 psalms f t ( ! ,engli% translations4 ,*>les ,gordon ,cumm+ ,bangor ,!ological ,sem9>y ,bangor1 ,ma9e ,decemb]1 #aicc ,,cont5ts ,,! ,,hebrew ,,hymns ,,( ,,praise ,i4 ,hebrew ,psalms ,:i* ,are ,n ,hymns #c ,,ii4 ,hebrew ,sanctu>y ,hymns ( ,praise #ah ,,iii4 ,hebrew ,es*atological ,hymns #cb ,,iv4 ,hebrew ,nature ,hymns #ci ,v4 ,hebrew ,hymns 9 ,praise ( ,sacr$ ,in/itutions #dd ,,! ,,assyrian ,,hymns ,,( ,,praise ,,vi4 ,assyrian ,hymnal ,introductions to ,pray]s #ec ,,vii4 ,assyrian ,antiphonal ,hymns #gb ,,viii4 ,assyrian ,self-,laudations ( ! ,gods #hc ,a ,,comp>ison ,,( ,,! ,,assyrian ,,& ,,! ,,hebrew ,,hymns ,,ix4 ,! ,lit]>y ,=m ( ! ,assyrian & ! ,hebrew ,hymns #ie ,x4 ,! ,supreme ,god among ! ,gods #ajj ,,xi4 ,! ,supreme ,god 9 ,8 ,dwell+ ,place #ajh ,,xii4 ,! ,supreme ,god z ,creator #abj ,,xiii4 ,! ,supreme ,god z ,wise1 ,p[]ful1 ,m]ciful #acj ,,xiv4 ,! ,supreme ,god z ,k+ & ,judge #adf ,,xv4 ,conclusion #aed ,,bibliography ,texts & ,translations ( ,assyrian ,hymns #afa ,select$ ,bibliography #afi ,indexes #aga ,division ,i ,,! ,,hebrew ,,hymns ,,( ,,praise ,*apt] ,i ,,hebrew ,,psalms ,,:i* ,,are ,,n ,,hymns ,! ,book ( ,psalms is no long] to be reg>d$ by ,old ,te/am5t s*ol>s z an isolat$ ph5om5on4 ,simil> religi\s poetry is f\nd n only 9 ! n>rative & prophetic portions ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 9 ! ,apocrypha1 & ! ,new ,te/am5t1 b also 9 ! lit]atures ( ,egypt1 ,babylonia1 ,p]sia1 ,india1 & ,greece4 ,inde$1 :]ev] religion really develops beyond ! primitive /age1 x expresses itself 9 poetry & we get some?+ comp>able to ! ,hebrew psalms4 ,"o prim>y fact1 !n1 to be consid]$ 9 ! /udy ( ! ,old ,te/am5t psalms is t !y are only ! surviv+ fragm5ts ( ! religi\s poetry ( a race2 & t !y h be5 pres]v$ p>tly by reason ( ! lit]>y m]it t made x difficult = !m to be =gott51 & p>tly by reason ( ! fact t !y happ5$ to be includ$ 9 ! song books ( ! sanctu>ies4 ,"o mu/ accord+ly be> con/antly 9 m9d ! l>g] lit]ature ( :i* !y 7 a "p1 & employ to a legitimate degree ! imag9ation1 9 ord] to rightly compreh5d ! life out ( :i* ! psalms h come1 & to see 9 any true p]spective ! significance ( ! surviv+ psalms4 ,fur!rmore1 x is n[ to be cle>ly recogniz$ t ! c>eful philological /udy ( words & s5t5ces1 & ! fur!r ef=t to det]m9e ! date & au?or%ip ( ! psalms1 :ile always indisp5sable1 are yet inadequate me?ods ( proc$ure4 ,x is true t aga9 & aga9 fix+ ) philological accuracy ! mean+ ( a ^w or clause is ! clue to ! und]/&+ ( a psalm1 yet to arrive at any j appreciation ( ! psalms x is absolutely necess>y to classify !m sci5tifically on ! basis ( _! simil>ities & dissimil>ities1 & s to arrange !m 9 ! species or gr\ps into :i* !y naturally fall4 ,x is !n possible to comp>e psalm ) psalm )9 ! species1 fix+ z ne>ly z possible ! type & not+ e v>iation f ! type4 ,9 ?is way ! eye ( ! read] is op5$ to ! orig9ality & lit]>y beauty ( p>ticul> psalms1 :i* orig9ality & lit]>y beauty are 9 turn ! expression ( ! uniqu5ess & p[] ( ! psalmi/'s spiritual exp]i5ce4 ,x may also be sugge/$ t ano!r pr9ciple ( inve/igation %\ld prove fruitful1 namely1 an attempt to arrange ! gr\ps ( psalms1 & ! individual psalms )9 ! gr\ps1 accord+ to ! pr9ciple ( developm5t f ! l[] to ! high] /ages ( religi\s exp]i5ce4 ,( c\rse op9ions may & d diff] z to :at is highe/ 9 religion1 b ! /ud5t ( religion may nev] cease 9 8 ef=t to f9d ! l9e ( developm5t & to det]m9e ! highe/4 ,s9ce !n ! psalms are almo/ exclusively religi\s lit]ature1 & s9ce ! supreme motive = /udy+ !m is to ga9 ! m complete und]/&+ ( religion1 x is necess>y to arrange ! psalms 9 asc5d+ ord]1 s t "o c m readily appraise ! wor? ( religion 9 !m1 & det]m9e & prop]ly appreciate t :i* is mo/ preci\s4 ,f9ally1 a fur!r s\rce ( enlight5m5t & a valuable /&>d ( appraisal has be5 neglect$1 unless ! ,old ,te/am5t psalms 9 _! respective gr\ps are comp>$ ) ! psalms ( ,egypt1 ,babylonia1 ,p]sia1 ,india1 & ,greece4 ,_m decades h pass$ s9ce a succession ( /udies fir/ po9t$ out /rik+ simil>ities betwe5 ! ,hebrew & ! ,babylonian s-call$ p5it5tial psalms4 ,rec5t comm5t>ies on ! psalms su* z ,/a]ks 9 #aiaa & ,kittels 9 #aiaf h pr9t$ 9 ! app5dices a numb] ( ,egyptian & ,babylonian psalms1 b ! comp>ative me?od has n yet be5 widely & ?or\ghly appli$4 ,an imm5se am\nt ( "w yet rema9s to be done 9 comp>ative /udy ( ! religi\s poetry ( ! diff]5t lit]atures4 ,species mu/ be comp>$ ) species2 pray] ( supplication ) pray] ( supplication2 pray] ( ?anksgiv+ ) pray] ( ?anksgiv+2 affirmation ( fai? ) affirmation ( fai?2 hymn ( praise ) hymn ( praise1 & tea*+ psalm ) tea*+ psalm4 ,be=e ,hebrew hymns ( praise1 h[ev]1 c be prop]ly /udi$1 ! relation%ip ( ! hymns to ! o!r gr\ps t make up ,hebrew religi\s poesy ought to be und]/ood4 ,consid]ation mu/ fir/ be giv51 !re=e1 to ! diff]5t gr\ps ( psalms to be f\nd 9 ! ,hebrew ,psalt]4 ,psalms ( ,lam5tation & ,petition ,x has be5 sugge/$ t ! psalms ought to be classifi$ 9 gr\ps1 & t ! gr\ps ought to be arrang$ 9 an asc5d+ ord]1 accord+ to ! /age ( religi\s developm5t :i* !y repres5t4 ,foll[+ ?is pr9ciple1 "o c q prop]ly place l[e/ ! ,psalms ( ,lam5tation & ,petition4 ,! lam5t 9 su* psalms describes ! unhappy plight ( ! oppress$ nation1 ! p]secut$ religi\s community1 or ! afflict$ individual4 ,! petition makes e>ne/ appeal to ,yahwe = deliv]ance4 ,frequ5tly ! petition is re9=c$ by r nave consid]ations1 su* z are calculat$ to p]suade ! ,deity to action4 ,surely ,yahwe ought to be conc]n$ = ! glory ( 8 "n6 ,:y %\ld ! unbeliev]s say sc(f+ly1 8,:]e is n[ y\r ,god80 ,aga9 :at pr(it is !re to ,yahwe 9 ! dea? ( 8 foll[]s8 ,assur$ly ! dead 9 ,%eol d n praise him4 ,mo/ commonly does ! psalmi/ urge t he has long tru/$ ,yahwe2 t ,yahwe is 8 only hope1 & t !re=e ,yahwe c n fail him4 ,9 addition to ! lam5t & ! petition--! two mo/ *>act]i/ic features ( ?is gr\p--"o g5]ally f9ds ! v[4 ,if ,god w come to ! help ( ! suff]]1 he w 9 turn r5d] "s specifi$ s]vice to ,yahwe4 ,x may be an animal sacrifice at ! sanctu>y1 or x may be su* a spiritual sacrifice ( praise & te/imony z w turn s9n]s to ,yahwe4 ,yet ano!r common feature ( ?is gr\p is ! prote/ation ( confid5ce t ,yahwe w mo/ c]ta9ly deliv] ! suppliant4 ,frequ5tly x is f\nd ne> ! end ( ! psalm1 & s confid5t is ! suff]] ( deliv]ance t he commonly uses ! p]fect t5se1 z if 8 salvation 7 already effect$4 ,( ! fifty ,psalms ( ,lam5tation 9 ! ,psalt]1 ?irte5 express ! petition ( ! nation or ! religi\s community = ,yahwe's deliv]ance4 ,psalms #gi1 #gd1 #dd1 #hj1 #hc1 #fj1 #acg1 & #abi lam5t ! humiliation & suff]+ endur$ by ! nation at ! h&s ( =eign enemies2 #he & #abf recognize 9 g5]al t]ms ,israel's affliction1 & implore ,yahwe's m]cy2 :ile ,psalms #aj & #abc lam5t ! wrongs inflict$ ^u ! pi\s ( ! l& by ! p[]ful & godless ri*4 ,( ^! ,psalms #acg1 #abi1 #abe1 & #abc are di/9ctive bo? = orig9ality & simplicity ( expression & = s9c]ity & int5sity ( feel+4 ,psalm #acg recalls ! wrongs & ! insults receiv$ at ! h&s ( ,babylonians & ,edomites & calls = v5geance ^u ^? nations4 ,psalm #abi1 9 mu* ! same _s1 rememb]s ,israel's manifold suff]+s at ! h&s ( _m foes & petitions v9dictively = rev5ge4 ,on ! o!r h& #abe recalls ,yahwe's goodness 9 re/or+ ! nation f exile & pleads ) confid5ce = a fur!r manife/ation ( 8 favor2 :ile 9 #abc ! contempt ( ! ri* & ! pr\d causes ! pi\s to look ) humble & *ildlike confid5ce to ! ,god ( m]cy4 ,und\bt$ly great] f> ?an any ( ! prec$+ psalms is ,psalm #ij1 :i*1 transc5d+ ! limitations ( ! nation & ! sect1 lam5ts ! brevity & tr\bl$ nature ( human life1 & pleads = "s k ( ! plan ( ! et]nal ,god1 "s p]man5cy = human ef=t1 "s small measure ( happ9ess 9 life's brief day4 ,to ?is gr\p ( national pray]s ( lam5tation & petition ought possibly to be add$ ,psalm #fg4 ,!re is "h1 to be sure1 no lam5t1 b v]ses #b & #c are a petition = ! com+ ( ,yahwe's salvation to e>?1 & v]ses #d1 #e1 & #f may also be und]/ood z a petition = ! e/abli%m5t ( div9e gov]nm5t ^u e>?3 ,may peoples praise ,!e1 ,o ,god2 ,may all peoples praise ,!e4 ,may nations be glad & s+ = joy4 ,= ?\ %alt judge peoples righte\sly ,& gov]n nations ^u e>?4 ,v]ses #g & #h are !n simply a positive expression ( confid5ce t ! pray] j utt]$ is to be answ]$ & ,god's supreme bless+ receiv$4 ,! psalm is n !n an es*atological hymn ( praise1 b r an es*atological pray]4 ,psalms #bj & #gb h di/9ctive positions 9 ?is gr\p1 s9ce ea* (f]s up a petition 9 behalf ( ! k+4 ,9 ,psalm #bj ! k+ _h app>5tly pres5t$ 8 (f]+s & sacrifices at ! sanctu>y1 & ! prie/ prays1 9 v]ses #b-f t ,god w rememb] ! k+'s sacrifices & grant him help 9 ! day ( tr\ble & all 8 he>ts desires4 ,naturally1 9 ! case ( a k+1 ! *ief conc]n is t he %\ld be victori\s ov] 8 enemies :5ev] w> %\ld come4 ,9 v]se #g ! prie/1 possibly in=m$ by "s sign t ! sacrifice _h inde$ be5 accept$ by ,yahwe1 gives positive assurance t ! pray] has be5 answ]$3 ,n[ ,i "k t ,yahwe w save 8 ano9t$4 ,v]se #h reaffirms fai? 9 ,yahwe z mighti] ?an horse or *>iot1 :ile v]se #i aga9 pr$icts victory ov] ! enemy4 ,! psalm concludes 9 v]se #aj1 z x began1 ) a petition = ! k+4 ,psalm #gb might be fitt$ into ! coronation s]vice1 be+ !n ! pray] (f]$ = a j & successful reign4 ,?is w\ld mean translat+ ! successive s5t5ces ( ! psalm f v]se #a to v]se #aa & f v]se #ae to v]se #ag z petitions4 ,?us v]se #b w\ld be translat$3 ,may he judge ?y p ) righte\sness ,& ?y poor ) ju/ice4 & o!r v]ses correspond+ly4 ,?is psalm is !n 9 no s5se a psalm ( lam5tation1 b x seems to be a psalm ( petition 9 behalf ( ! k+ :o is ab\t to beg9 8 reign4 ,! rema9+ ?irty-sev5 ,psalms ( ,lam5tation1 or almo/ "o-f\r? ( ! ,psalt]1 arise out ( ! di/ress ( ! individual4 ,! mo/ common mis=tune is sickness 7,psalms #ac1 #f1 #hh1 #gj1 #ci1 #gg1 & #ajb71 accord+ly ! petition is t ! afflict$ "o may be sav$ f dea? by ,yahwe's m]ciful p[]4 ,toge!r ) sickness !re is usually ! bitt] compla9t aga9/ ! wick$ enemies 7,psalms #c1 #ac1 #gj1 #fd1 #adj1 #g1 #ee1 & #aji74 ,x is ( c\rse altoge!r und]/&able t m5 %\ld be ali5at$ f a sick p]son1 reg>d+ him z ju/ly smitt5 ( ,god & afflict$1 & t su* m5 %\ld 9 turn be reg>d$ by ! sick man z enemies4 ,x is also possible t 9 "s in/ances1 z 9 ,psalms #bb & #fi1 x may be a matt] ( religi\s p]secution4 ,on ! o!r h& ! language us$ 9 a numb] ( psalms 7#ac1 #gj1 #fd1 #adj1 #g1 #ee1 #eg1 #ei1 & #aji7 r /rongly sugge/s t ! enemies are practic]s ( black magic1 an art famili> to e l& unillum9at$ by mod]n sci5tific k4 ,yet 9 a consid]able numb] ( ^! psalms x is ,yahwe himself :o has s5t ! affliction4 ,:5 ?is is ! case ! psalmi/ may d ei!r ( two ?+s3 he may ackn[l$ge 8 mis=tune to be j puni%m5t = 8 s91 & accord+ly petition = =giv5ess & deliv]ance 7,psalms #ch1 #hh1 #ci1 & #ajb72 or he may affirm 8 innoc5ce & dem& deliv]ance z a matt] ( ju/ice 7,psalms #bf1 #g1 #ag1 #ei1 & #ga74 ,( all ! individual psalms ( lam5tation1 unque/ionably ! ?ree f9e/ are #ea1 #db-dc1 & #acj4 ,psalm #ea has b "o s+le clause ref]r+ to physical di/ress6 8t ! bones :i* ?\ ha/ brok5 may rejoice10 & is rem>kable = its pr(\nd consci\sness ( guilt1 & its /rong conviction t cleans+ & reg5]ation & ! righte\s life c only be a*iev$ by div9e m]cy & div9e r$emptive p[]4 ,z = ,psalms #db-dc1 !re is express$ 9 language ( haunt+ beauty1 bo? an int5se ?ir/ = ! pres5ce ( ,god1 & ! awak5+ realization ( a some?+ ( sup]ior wor? 9 man t c only be satisfi$ by ! exp]i5ce ( ,god4 ,?is w\ld seem to be ! road along :i* ! ,hebrew ultimately arriv$ at ! consci\sness ( 8 own supreme wor? & immortality4 ,yet possibly ! r>e/ ( ^! psalms bo? = simplicity ( expression & dep? ( religi\s insight is #acj4 ,! psalmi/1 :o 8waits = ,god m ?an !y :o wat* = ! morn+0 has an amaz+ly pr(\nd consci\sness ( s9 express$ 9 ! words3 ,if iniquities ?\ %\ld'/ record1 ,o ,yahwe1 ,"l :o c\ld /& 444 & likewise a sublime conception ( ,god's m]cy3 ,b ) ,!e is =giv5ess ,t ,?\ mays't be rev]$4 ,psalms ( ,te/imony & ,?anksgiv+ ,correspond+ to ! ,psalms ( ,lam5tation & ,petition are ! ,psalms ( ,te/imony & ,?anksgiv+4 ,! afflict$ community or individual :i* has1 9 answ] to its petition to ,yahwe1 exp]i5c$ deliv]ance is obligat$ to give public expression to its gratitude = ,yahwe's salvation4 ,su* psalms may be expect$ to tell ! /ory ( ! affliction1 ! appeal = div9e help1 & ! deliv]ance4 ,fur!rmore x is altoge!r natural = any p ) a national & a religi\s consci\sness to look back ?r\gh ! ye>s & ! c5turies & to give ?anks = ! favors manife/$ by ,deity to ! fa!rs4 ,orig9ally ! fir/ words ( su* psalms may well h be53 8,give ?anks to ,yahwe0 or 8,i w give ?anks to ,yahwe40 ,x is be/ to beg9 ) ! individual psalms ( ?anksgiv+1 s9ce ! individual exp]i5ce ( affliction & deliv]ance recurs ) little *ange f age to age1 & ! individual psalm ( ?anksgiv+ accord+ly approximates m ne>ly ?an ! national ! orig9al type4 ,! individual psalms ( ?anksgiv+ 9 ! ,psalt] are #aaf1 #cj1 #cb1 #ach1 #ff1 #ba1 #ah1 #aah1 & #ajc4 ,psalm #aaf is ! te/imony ( a man :o has be5 sick unto dea?4 ,9 angui% & despair he pray$3 8,o ,yahwe save my life40 ,yahwe he>d 8 pray]1 re/or$ him to heal?1 & accord+ly he is 9 ! temple to pay 8 v[s1 to (f] up 8 sacrifices ( ?anksgiv+ & to give 8 te/imony 9 ! pres5ce ( all ,yahwe's p4 ,aga9 ,psalm #cj is ! te/imony ( a man :o _h once be5 v prosp]\s1 b :o by ! loss ( ,yahwe's favor _h be5 br\ght l[4 ,ne> unto dea?1 he cri$ unto ,yahwe1 plead+ t 8 dea? c\ld n pr(it ! ,deity s9ce ! dead 9 ,%eol praise n ,god4 ,yahwe sav$ 8 life to ! end t he might praise & give ?anks to 8 ,god cont9ually4 ,psalm #cb is 9 =m & cont5t q simil> to ! tea*+ or wisdom psalms4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 ! tea*+ is bas$ on a p]sonal exp]i5ce ( deliv]ance f sickness1 & ! tea*+ is itself a te/imony ( gratitude = recov]y4 ,9 8 di/ress ?is psalmi/ made confession ( 8 s94 ,yahwe =gave & heal$ him4 ,jonah #b3c-aj is likewise a psalm ( ?anksgiv+4 ,! afflict$ "o at ! po9t ( dea? made 8 pray] & 8 v[4 ,t pray] came to ,yahwe 9 8 sanctu>y & he 0 sav$4 ,accord+ly he (f]$ to ,yahwe ! sacrifice ( ?anksgiv+4 ,psalms #ach & #ff d n /ate ! nature ( ! deliv]ance = :i* !y give ?anks1 b ! au?or ( #ff foll[s "t honor$ cu/om by (f]+ an actual animal sacrifice at ! sanctu>y 9 fulfillm5t ( 8 v[4 ,psalms #ah & #aah express ! gratitude ( two national lead]s = deliv]ance f great p]il4 ,! difficulty ( decid+ ) c]ta9ty to :i* gr\p a numb] ( psalms belong is illu/rat$ by ,psalm #ba4 ,v]ses #b & #h are address$ to ,yahwe & express ! k+'s devotion to 8 ,god1 :ile v]ses #c-g describe ! goodness ( ,yahwe to ! k+4 ,yahwe _h be/[$ ^u him ! cr[n1 _h giv5 him l5g? ( days1 & _h ma9ta9$ him 9 security & honor ^u 8 ?rone4 ,v]ses #i-ac are address$ to ! k+1 probably by ! prie/1 & promise ! k+ complete victory ov] 8 enemies4 ,! conclud+ v]se #ad address$ to ,yahwe3 ,be exalt$1 ,o ,yahwe 9 ?y /r5g? ,we w s+ & praise ?y ,p[]4 ,?is v]se has ! =m ( a petition1 b its =mal language am\nts to an ascription ( praise4 ,! psalm !n does n 9 ! ma9 utt] a petition1 nor express fai? 9 ,deity1 b is r an expression ( ?anksgiv+ & may well h be5 orig9ally us$ 9 ! celebration ( an anniv]s>y ( ! k+'s asc5sion to ! ?rone4 ,! classic individual psalm ( ?anksgiv+ 9 ! ,psalt] is #ajc4 ,?\gh x is "h an individual :o calls ^u 8 s\l to bless ,yahwe1 yet !re is little t is p]sonal ab\t ! psalm1 = ! psalmi/ id5tifies himself ) 8 fell[ ,israelites & = t matt] ) univ]sal humanity4 ,also !re is little to di/+ui% ?is psalm ( ?anksgiv+ f ! hymn ( praise4 ,! psalmi/ does n ref] 9 v]ses #c-e1 nor any:]e else1 to any s+le individual p]sonal concrete exp]i5ce ( ,jehovah's salvation1 & ! psalm is n 9 t s5se a psalm ( te/imony4 ,yet exhortation to 8=get n all ,8 b5efits10 ! m5tion at ! v outset ( ! psalm ( ! heal+ ( diseases2 l9k+ ( ?is heal+ ) ! =giv5ess ( s9 z 9 ! psalms ( lam5tation2 ! enum]ation ( ,yahwe's graci\s favors to man2 all ^! are calculat$ to call =? gratitude1 & x is actually z a psalm ( ?anksgiv+ t ! read]s ( ! ,bible h always reg>d$ x4 ,notable 9 ! psalm is ! conception ( ! all b limitless m]cy ( ,god2 ! comp>ison ( ,god's compassion to t ( an e>?ly fa!r's1 ! emphasis ^u ! et]nity ( ,god 9 contra/ to ! frail mortality ( man & ! fact t ,god's m]cy is ext5d$ to successive g5]ations ( m54 ,! transition to ! national psalms ( ?anksgiv+ is spl5didly made by ,psalm #ajg4 ,?is might p]haps be call$ a liturgical psalm ( ?anksgiv+4 ,v]ses #a-c are cle>ly introductory4 ,!re is ! g5]al call to ?anksgiv+ 9 v]se #a3 ,give ?anks unto ,yahwe = he is good1 ,= 8 m]cy endure? =ev]4 ,!n 9 v]ses #b & #c ! call is direct$ especially to ! repres5tatives ( ! ,diaspora :o by div9e m]cy h return$ f all l&s to ,zion4 ,! s]vice ( ?anksgiv+ prop] falls into f\r p>ts4 ,! au?or has select$ ! f\r mo/ wond]ful deliv]ances ( :i* he has k2 ! deliv]ance ( travel]s hopelessly lo/ 9 ! great des]t2 ! deliv]ance ( m5 :o = _! rebellion aga9/ ,god _h be5 fett]$ & ca/ into prison2 ! deliv]ance ( ! sick :o = _! iniquities _h be5 br\ght to ! gates ( dea?2 ! deliv]ance ( sailors f a t]rible /orm on ! mu*-dread$ sea4 ,we may suppose t processions repres5t+ ea* ( ^! gr\ps came =w>d 9 ! temple1 :ile _! /ories 7 be+ told--possibly by a soloi/--aft] :i* ! *orus summon$ !m to give ?anks1 add+ to ! refra9 a c\plet suitable to ea* gr\p4 ,! psalm concludes ) a hymn ( praise to ! ,god :o manife/s 8 p[] bo? ov] nature & ov] ! affairs ( m54 ,! ,national ,psalms ( ,?anksgiv+ 9 ! ,psalt] are few] 9 numb] ?an ! individual & fur!r remov$ f ! orig9al type4 ,?is may be because national escapes f p]il are r>] & m difficult to celebrate2 & z !y become m remote 9 "t1 ! few psalms ( ?anksgiv+ t h be5 writt5 to celebrate ^? deliv]ances h less & less int]e/ = ! public1 & correspond+ly less suitability = public wor%ip1 & s are lo/4 ,9 ! ,psalt] we h 9 addition to ,psalm #ajg1 ,psalms #abd1 #acf1 #aad1 #abd1 & #fe4 ,( ^! ,psalm #abd is ! only "o :i* c\ld be suppos$ to h be5 compos$ to celebrate a rec5t deliv]ance4 ,on ! "o h& ! language is g5]al & ! figures ( spee* are famili>1 b on ! o!r h& !re is a spontaneity1 simplicity & p[] ( expression t sugge/ a rec5t exp]i5ce ( escape f great p]il4 ,?is is especially true ( v]se #g4 ,likewise delightful = its orig9ality ( lit]>y =m is ,psalm #aad4 ,x celebrates 9 poetic & dramatic language ! triumphant cross+ ( ! ,r$ ,sea & ! ,jordan4 ,obvi\sly x is look+ back at ^! ev5ts ?r\gh ! m$ia ( leg5d & my?1 & v]se #b makes x cle> t ! poem c n be e>li] ?an ! division ( ! k+dom4 ,nev]!less ! au?or is s ?rill$ by ! /ories t h come d[n to him t 8 poem possesses amaz+ spontaneity & p[]4 ,9 contra/ ) ! two prec$+ poems1 ,psalms #acf & #aje are highly /]eotyp$4 ,e second l9e 9 #acf is ! refra93 8,= 8 m]cy endure? =ev]0 & ! psalm 0 !re= probably writt5 = public r5dition4 ,bo? psalms deal ) ! !me s de> to ! ,hebrew he>t1 ,yahwe's gift to ! fa!rs ( ! l& ( ,canaan1 & bo? retell some?+ ( ! biblical /ory ( ! patri>*s1 ! deliv]ance f ,egypt1 & ! conque/4 ,psalm #fe seems to be ess5tially a psalm ( h>ve/ ?anksgiv+4 ,x accompanies ! paym5t ( v[s 7v]se #b74 ,v]ses #b-e are introductory1 ann\nc+ ! pres5ce ( ! wor%ip]s at ! sanctu>y4 ,v]ses #f-i express fai? 9 ! ,god ( l& & sea1 :ile v]ses #aj-ad accr$it to him ! increase ( ! fields & ! flocks4 ,! psalms ( te/imony & ?anksgiv+ pass ov] naturally into ! hymns ( praise1 b z ! hymns =m ! *ief object ( ?is /udy _! treatm5t is po/pon$ until ! next *apt]4 ,psalms ( ,fai? ,out ( ! exp]i5ce ( affliction z express$ 9 ! psalms ( lam5tation & petition1 & out ( ! fur!r exp]i5ce ( deliv]ance z express$ 9 ! psalms ( te/imony & ?anksgiv+1 develops a s]5e fai? & confid5ce ov] aga9/ ! p]plexities1 ! p]ils1 & ! conflicts ( life4 ,"o *>act]i/ic elem5t 9 ! ,psalm ( ,lam5tation & ,petition is ! affirmation ( fai? 9 ,yahwe4 ,t affirmation ( fai? gradually develops until x becomes ! entire !me ( ! psalm4 ,?is developm5t c be trac$ to "s ext5t 9 ! psalms !mselves4 ,x is well to beg9 ) ,psalm #i1 = :ile x expresses pr$om9at+ly confid5ce1 yet x petitions at "s l5g? = ,yahwe's help aga9/ ,israel's enemies4 ,psalm #bg makes a mu* /rong] affirmation ( fai? 9 ,yahwe & a correspond+ly brief] petition = div9e protection2 :ile ,psalms #d & #af1 express+ quiet confid5ce 9 ,yahwe1 h only ! v briefe/ appeals = 8 assi/ance4 ,psalms #aa1 #fb1 #fc1 & #ib /ill recognize ! pres5ce ( enemies1 b all are confid5t t _! wick$ foes mu/ p]i%1 :ile ! fai?ful w exp]i5ce ,yahwe's bless+4 ,! classic expressions ( fai? 9 ,yahwe1 h[ev]1 are ,psalms #bc1 #aca1 #aba1 & #ia4 ,psalm #bc3a-d conceives ( ,god "u ! figure ( a %eph]d1 :o gives to 8 own food1 dr9k1 guidance1 protection4 ,) ! ?\ght ( dang] 9 v]se #d ! psalmi/ app>5tly felt ! ne$ ( a /rong] figure ( spee* to express 8 p]fect security & good =tune1 s 9 v]se #e he conceives ( ,god z 8 ho/4 ,god is provid+ = him mo/ g5]\sly & he is confid5t t he w be ! happy gue/ ( ,god = ! re/ ( 8 days4 ,psalm #aca is ( r>e/ beauty 9 its simplicity4 ,?is psalmi/ is aw>e t !re are problems :i* he _c solve by reason1 & :i* might be p]mitt$ to h>ass 8 s\l4 ,n 9 presumptu\s pride1 b 9 s9c]e humility1 he simply tru/s ,yahwe1 ) a m9d z free f prote/ z t ( a wean$ *ild 9 its "m's arms4 ,psalm #aba & m especially ,psalm #ia seem to be liturgical 9 "*4 ,9 ,psalm #aba1 v]se #a1 ! psalmi/ recognizes 8 ne$ ( help & t ! help mu/ come f ,deity4 ,_m ( 8 fell[ c\ntrym5 _h ?r\gh ! c5turies uncritically s\ght help f ! gods ( ! high places4 ,?is psalmi/ asks ) int5se ye>n+ & e>ne/ness :5ce 8 help is to come4 ,9 v]se #b he answ]s 8 own "q3 ,my help come? f ! ,"l1 ,mak] ( heav5 & e>?4 ,x is p]haps a "q :e!r v]ses #c-h are a soliloquy1 or :e!r !y are address$ to ! psalmi/ by ! prie/4 ,9 ei!r case ! psalmi/ has ! assurance t ,israel's ,god1 :o nei!r slumb]s nor sleeps1 w keep him ev]y:]e & at all times1 secure f evil4 ,9 ,psalm #ia1 v]ses #a & #b /ate ! g5]al tru? t ! man :o tru/s ,god is happy3 ,bless$ is ! man1 :o dwelle? 9 ! secret place ( ! mo/ ,high1 ,:o abide? "u ! %ad[ ( ! ,almighty1 ,:o sai? ( ,yahwe1 8,my refuge & my =tress1 ,my ,god 9 :om ,i tru/40 ,! v]ses #c-ac br+ to ! psalmi/ ! assurance1 presumably f ,god's spokesman1 ! prie/1 t ,yahwe w keep him "u 8 con/ant protection1 & t he ne$ fe> no p]il h[ev] great4 ,f9ally 9 v]ses #ad-af ! assurance is confirm$ by a div9e oracle1 ! voice ( ,god1 promis+ ! psalmi/ deliv]ance f e tr\ble1 long life & honor4 ,among ^! psalms ( fai? ought c]ta9ly to be includ$ ,psalm #df4 ,al?\gh ?is psalm does n contemplate any pres5t situation 9 life1 x looks =w>d ) confid5ce to ! turmoil & conflict1 t 9 ! la/ days w prec$e ,yahwe's f9al victory & subsequ5t reign ( righte\sness & peace4 ,! psalm is writt51 n f an individual b f a national po9t ( view4 ,its motive is s\nd$ =? 9 ! refra9 :i* occurs at v]se #h & v]se #ab1 & :i* und\bt$ly ought to be ins]t$ aft] v]se #d to divide ! psalm into ?ree equal sections3 ,yahwe ( ,ho/s is ) u1 ,a =tress = u is ! ,god ( ,jacob4 ,x may accord+ly be describ$ z a national es*atological psalm ( fai?4 ,! psalm op5s ) ! /rong pr(ession ( fai? ( v]se #b3 ,god is = u refuge & /r5g?1 ,9 tr\bles he proves himself help inde$4 ,v]ses #c & #d introduce u to ! dread & t]rify+ ph5om5a ( ! la/ days2 yet are n ! believ]s 9 ,yahwe afraid3 ,!re=e w we n fe> ?\gh ! e>? tremble1 ,& ! m\nta9s s9k d[n into ! he>t ( ! sea4 ,let its wat]s ro> & rage1 ,let ! m\nta9s %ake ) its viol5ce2 ,yahwe ( ho/s is ) u1 ,a =tress = u is ! ,god ( ,jacob4 ,! second division1 v]ses #e-g1 pictures ! s]5ity ( ! new ,j]usalem already enjoy+ :at ! old ,j]usalem lack$1 a riv] fl[+ ?r\gh its mid/1 & protect$ by ,god 9 ?is great h\r :ile ! ho/ile nations rage )\t its walls4 ,f9ally ! ?ird division1 v]ses #i-aa1 invites u to behold ! evid5ce ( ! complete & f9al defeat ( ! enemies ( ,god1 ! b[s snapp$1 ! spe>s brok51 & ! *>iots burn+ up 9 fire4 ,also "o is to he> ! voice ( ,god claim+ =ev]more 8 rightful & supreme sov]eignty among ! nations ( ! e>?4 ,unique among ! psalms ( confid5ce is ,psalm #aci4 ,! psalmi/ m>vels1 9 v]ses #a-f1 at ,yahwe's complete k ( 8 e>?ly life2 9 v]ses #g-ab1 at ! omnipres5t p[] ( ,deity1 f :i* !re is no escape2 9 v]ses #ad-af1 at ! div9e wisdom manife/$ 9 ! creation ( ! psalmi/'s body & ! complete det]m9+ ( 8 life's c\rse1 9 v]se #ag at ! innum]able ?\ghts & purposes ( ,god4 ,v]ses #ai-bb desc5d to ! commonplace 9 petition+ = ! dea? ( ! wick$ :ile ! conclud+ v]ses #bc-bd ask ,god t 8 he>t be se>*$ = ! discov]y ( wrong & t he be div9ely guid$ 9 ! "r way4 ,x is p]haps possible to reg>d v]ses #a-ah z an expression ( fai? 9 ,yahwe1 introductory to ! petitions #ai-bd & s class ! poem z a psalm ( lam5tation & petition1 b ! v]ses #a-ah seem to be relatively s mu* m important t x seems wis] to reg>d x z a psalm ( fai?4 ,tea*+ or ,wisdom ,psalms ,!re is a natural l9e ( developm5t f ! psalm ( fai? to :at may p]haps be call$ tea*+ or wisdom psalms4 ,! believ+ psalmi/ assumes t ,god is 9 complete control ( all ! circum/ances ( life1 & is conv9c$ t ,god w protect him f all evil & give him success4 ,?is assumption ( fai? !n becomes = _m ! all important1 fundam5tal law ( life1 & z su* x mu/ ne$s be taught to y\?4 ,?us d\btless orig9at$ ! wisdom psalms2 ( :i* we h 9 ! ,psalt] #a1 #aab1 #cd1 #gh1 #abg1 #abh1 #acc1 #abe1 #gc1 #cg1 #di4 ,psalm #a is a spl5did type ( ! wisdom psalm1 s9ce x beg9s ) ! *>act]i/ic op5+ words3 8,bless$ is ! man10 & !n sets =? ! qualities ( ! good man & claims = him success1 :ile x ass]ts = ! wick$ c]ta9 condemnation & ru94 ,psalms #aab & #cd are also *>act]i/ic wisdom psalms1 conf9$ h[ev] 9 ! artificial limitations ( alphabetical acro/ics4 ,psalm #gh tea*es ! same lesson z to ! secret ( success f hi/ory1 recall+ h[ ,yahwe _h aga9 & aga9 puni%$ disob$i5ce & rew>d$ ob$i5ce until he f9ally reject$ ,ephraim & accept$ ,judah1 & *ose ,david to be 8 s]vant4 ,if !re 7 9 ,israel wise m51 su* z ! au?or ( ,ecclesia/es1 :o taught t all life 0 vanity1 !re 7 o!r wise m5 su* z ! au?or ( ,psalm #abg :o taught t :ile all human ef=t )\t ,god's coop]ation 0 va91 yet life ) ,god's coop]ation 0 c]ta9 ( happ9ess4 ,god does give 8 help to man1 & "o ( 8 v be/ gifts is *ildr54 ,aga9 #abh gives ! assurance t he :o walks 9 ,yahwe's ways w enjoy ! fruits ( 8 labor1 & 9 happ9ess see 8 *ildr5 & *ildr5's *ildr5 r\nd ab\t him4 ,psalm #acc pays simple & *>m+ tribute to ! joy ( human fell[%ip4 ,! ass]tion t ! righte\s always prosp] & t ! wick$ suff] mis=tune 0 inevitably *all5g$ by ! sceptics & scorn$ by ! sc(f]s1 :o mock$ ! believ+ psalmi/ 9 8 di/ress say+3 8,:]e is n[ y\r ,god80 ,x became necess>y !re=e to deal ) ?is problem on ! basis ( ! facts ( life1 & we get accord+ly a some:at diff]5t type ( wisdom psalm4 ,psalm #abe te/ifies to ! exi/5ce ( ?is problem4 ,v]ses #a & #b1 to be sure1 affirm ! security ( ! righte\s4 ,v]se #c1 h[ev]1 attempts to ju/ify ! affirmation ( ! prec$+ v]ses by a rational argum5t4 ,if ! righte\s 7 n c]ta9 to prosp] 9 ! _w1 :y %\ld m5 be righte\s8 ,w\ld n ! righte\s become wick$ & ! moral f\ndations ( life crumble8 ,! petition 9 v]ses #d & #e reque/+ ,yahwe's favor = ! good & 8 puni%m5t = ! wick$1 :ile prop]ly no "p ( a tea*+ psalm1 are fur!r recognition t actually c]ta9 ( ! facts ( life contradict ! psalmi/'s !ory4 ,nev]!less1 8 own conviction is express$ 9 v]se #a3 ,!y :o tru/ 9 ,yahwe are z ,m\nt ,zion ,:i* _c be mov$ b abide? =ev]4 ,psalm #gc is ! tea*+ ( "o :o wre/l$ ) ?is same problem ( ! !odicy4 ,v]se #a is an ass]tion ( 8 fai?3 ,yes ,god is good to ,israel ,to ^? :o are pure ( he>t4 ,b v]ses #b-bj tell h[ ne>ly ! psalmi/ came to los+ t fai? z he saw ! wick$ prosp]1 :ile he himself suff]$ mis=tunes1 & h[ he recov]$ 8 fai? ) ! conviction t ! prosp]ity ( ! wick$ 0 b tempor>y & _! ultimate doom c]ta94 ,v]ses #bc-bh are accord+ly an ass]tion ( ! psalmi/'s devotion to ,yahwe z 9 a psalm ( fai?1 b ! ma9 !sis ( ! psalm is /at$ 9 v]se #a1 & s may !re=e be be/ gr\p$ ) ! wisdom psalms4 ,psalm #cg is compos$ 9 /anzas ( f\r l9es1 ! fir/ lett]s ( ! fir/ l9es ( ! /anzas spell+ out ! alphabet4 ,! au?or ( ! psalm is an old man :o gives w>n+ aga9/ frett+ ov] ! prosp]ity ( ! wick$1 & :o affirms on ! basis ( 8 long exp]i5ce ( life1 t1 :ile ! prosp]ity ( ! wick$ is %ort-liv$1 ,god nev] =sakes ! righte\s4 ,! use ( ! acro/ic =m may itself be tak5 z evid5ce ( ?is psalmi/'s unque/ion+ belief 9 ! above dogma4 ,! au?or ( ,psalm #di has no c]ta9 promise ( prosp]ity = ! righte\s1 nor does he ?reat5 ! wick$ ) premature dea?1 b he does smile at _! fatu\s confid5ce1 s9ce dea? mu/ surely ov]take !m4 ,!re=e he does n let _! possession ( weal? tr\ble him because x _c be tak5 to ,%eol4 ,on ! o!r h& !re seems to be j a sugge/ion 9 v]se #af t ,god c relieve ! pi\s f ! grasp ( dea?3 ,surely ,god w r$eem my life f ! p[] ( ,%eol ,= he w receive me4 ,*apt] ,,ii ,,hebrew ,,sanctu>y ,,hymns ,,( ,,praise ,! hymn ( praise is v simil> to ! psalm ( ?anksgiv+4 ,inde$ x is sometimes difficult to decide 9 :i* category a psalm belongs1 z 9 ! case ( ,psalm #ajc4 ,! fundam5tal diff]5ce is t ! psalm ( ?anksgiv+ expresses gratitude :ile ! hymn ( praise expresses adoration4 ,! psalm ( ?anksgiv+ te/ifies to t :i* has actually be5 exp]i5c$1 ! hymn ( praise voices en?usiasm = ! wisdom & p[] & goodness t are 9 ,god4 ,! psalm ( ?anksgiv+ is ?us 9 its nature subjective1 consci\s ( :at ! psalmi/ has exp]i5c$1 :ile ! g5u9e hymn is objective1 =gett+ self 9 adoration ( ,deity4 ,! "q ( ! nature ( ! hymn ( praise is involv$ ) ! "q ( its orig94 ,praise did n 9 ! beg9n+ bur/ =? spontane\sly f ! human he>t4 ,religion arose out ( a consci\sness ( ne$1 & a feel+ t !re 0 a p[] to meet t ne$4 ,9 ,babylonia1 z 9 ,india & else:]e ! hymn ( praise is (t5 b little m ?an an introduction to a petition4 ,! s+] tells ! ,deity t ,he is wise & !n asks = wisdom2 or /rong & asks = /r5g?1 or ri* & asks = mat]ial bless+s4 ,praise is suspici\sly close to flatt]y & f> f dis9t]e/$4 ,9 ,israel also x is believ$ t ! ,deity desires praise4 ,!re is no pr(it = ,yahwe 9 ! dea? ( ! psalmi/1 s9ce ! dead praise n ,yahwe4 ,b 9 ,israel praise is n a m]e prelim9>y to a petition4 ,! ,old ,te/am5t psalmi/ does n praise ,god & !n ask = favors4 ,almo/ no hymns are f\nd 9 ! psalt] foll[$ by :at c actually be call$ a petition4 ,! ,hebrew hymn ( praise has pass$ beyond t /age ( developm5t4 ,z ! expression ( fai? 9 ,deity 9 ! psalm ( lam5tation develop$ into ! indep5d5t psalm ( fai?1 s ! words ( praise t once introduc$ ! petition = help h develop$ into ! indep5d5t hymn ( praise4 ,nor is ! ,old ,te/am5t hymn ( praise j an expression ( gratitude = ! div9e favors receiv$2 ) or )\t anticipation ( favors to come4 ,! hymn ( praise is n a m]e v>iant ( ! psalm ( gratitude4 ,! hymn ( praise has transc5d$ ! human exp]i5ce ( ne$ & deliv]ance & =gets ! self 9 adoration ( ,deity4 ,praise is an end 9 itself1 desir$ ( ,god1 & necess>y = ! human _s4 ,! fir/ home ( ! hymn ( praise1 9 ! light ( all t is kn[n ( ! developm5t ( religion1 mu/ und\bt$ly h be5 ! sanctu>y4 ,?is judgm5t is confirm$ by ! te/imony ( ! ,old ,te/am5t psalms3 ,praise waite? = !e1 ,o ,god1 9 ,zion4 --,psalm #fe3b4 ,ent] into 8 gates ) ?anksgiv+1 ,& into 8 c\rts ) praise4 --,psalm #ajj3d4 ,praise him ye s]vants ( ,yahwe1 ,ye :o /& 9 ! h\se ( ,yahwe4 --,psalm #ace3a1 #b4 ,s+ unto ,yahwe a new song1 ,8 praise 9 ! congregation ( sa9ts4 --,psalm #adi3a4 ,behold bless ye ,yahwe1 ye s]vants ( ,yahwe1 ,:o by night /& 9 ! h\se ( ,yahwe4 --,psalm #acd3a4 ,i w praise ,yahwe ) my :ole he>t1 ,9 ! assembly ( ! upright & ! congregation4 --,psalm #aaa3a4 ,su* pi\s ,hebrews z ! au?ors ( ,psalms #db-dc & #hd long$ = ! sanctu>y because x 0 prem95tly ! place = wor%ip & praise4 ,typical sanctu>y hymns ( praise are ,psalms #aej1 #adh1 #adg1 #adf1 #ade1 #aaa1 #ace1 #aag1 #aac1 #cc1 #aae4 ,! ext]nal =m ( ! hymn ( praise is v simple4 ,x is introduc$ by ! call to praise1 orig9ally address$ by ! prie/hood ( ! sanctu>y to ! wor%ipp]s4 ,! *>act]i/ic =m ( ! call 03 8,praise ye ,yahwe10 8,hallelujah40 ,s ,miriam call$ ^u h] ,hebrew si/]s to praise ,yahwe :5 ! victory _h be5 ga9$ at ! ,sea ( ,re$s ov] ,ph>aoh's =ces3 ,praise ye ,yahwe1 = he ha? triumph$2 ,horse & rid] ha? he ?r[n into ! sea4 --,exodus #ae3ba4 ,?is call to praise 0 foll[$ by ! body ( ! hymn sett+ =? 9 p>ticipial phrases1 adjectival clauses1 or indep5d5t s5t5ces ! reasons :y m5 %\ld praise ,yahwe4 ,!n ! hymn 0 r\nd$ out 9 good symmetrical =m ) ! same conclud+ call to praise3--8,hallelujah40 ,:ile ! above is ! /&>d =m ( ! hymn1 a few psalms repeat ! call to praise at int]vals ?r\gh\t ! psalm1 creat+ some:at ! impression ( a union ( little hymns4 ,?us ,psalm #adg is 9 ?ree p>ts ea* introduc$ by a call to praise4 ,"p ,i has ! call to praise 9 v]se #a1 & ! reasons = praise 9 v]ses #b-f4 ,"p ,,ii has ! call to praise 9 v]se #g & ! reasons = praise 9 v]ses #h-aa4 ,"p ,,iii has ! call to praise 9 v]se #ab & ! reasons = praise 9 v]ses #ac-bj4 ,! :ole hymn !n concludes ) 8,hallelujah40 ,likewise ,psalm #adh is 9 two p>ts4 ,"p ,i has ! call to praise 9 v]ses #a-e;a1 & ! reasons = praise 9 v]se #e;b & v]se #f4 ,"p ,,ii has ! call to praise 9 v]ses #g-ac;a1 & ! reasons = praise 9 v]ses #ac;bc & #ad;abc4 ,aga9 !re is a conclud+ 8,hallelujah40 ,x is wor? obs]v+ t 9 g5]al ! ,old ,te/am5t hymn ( praise speaks ( ,yahwe 9 ! ?ird p]son4 ,human be+ calls ^u human be+ to praise ,yahwe1 & human be+ tells human be+ :y ,yahwe is wor?y to be prais$4 ,hymns :i* ?us use ! ?ird p]son exclusively are ,psalms #aej1 #adi1 #adh1 #adg1 #adf1 #acd1 #aag1 #aac1 #aaa1 #ajj1 #ih1 #if1 #ie1 #dg1 #bi1 #bd1 #ai3b-e;b2 #ai3e;c-#g4 ,yahwe is address$ 9 ! second p]son 9 ! foll[+ v]ses3 ,psalm #ace3ac2 ,psalm #ig3i2 ,psalm #ii3c1 #h2 ,psalm #aae3a1 #b2 ,psalm #ic3b1 #c1 #e4 ,! second & ?ird p]sons are us$ 9 ab\t equal degree 9 ,psalm #fh1 #ade1 #aid1 :ile ,psalms #h1 #hd1 #fg use ! second p]son exclusively4 ,n[ ! use ( ! second p]son is ( c\rse *>act]i/ic ( pray]4 ,! fact !re=e t 9 ! /&>d ,hebrew hymn ( praise ! ?ird p]son is us$1 because ,hebrew is call+ ^u 8 fell[ ,hebrew to ,praise ,yahwe1 te/ifies r p[]fully to ! social & democratic "* ( wor%ip 9 ,israel4 ,tak+ up n[ ! ?ree divisions ( ! ,hebrew hymn 9 ord]1 x is to be notic$ t ! call to praise has und]gone c]ta9 *anges 9 ! word+4 ,:ile 9 ! great majority ( ! hymns ! call to praise is 8,hallelujah0 9 ,psalm #acd ! call is3 8,bless ye ,yahwe02 & 9 ,psalm #ajj all ! l& is bidd53 8,%\t to ,yahwe02 & 9 ,psalm #cc ! righte\s are call$ ^u to3 8,rejoice 9 ,yahwe40 ,mo/ impressive p]haps ( all ! calls to praise is t ( ,psalm #bi1 :]e ! summons is address$ to ! resid5ts ( heav53 ,ascribe to ,yahwe1 ye gods1 ,ascribe to ,yahwe glory & /r5g?4 ,aga91 :5 x is an individual :o s+s 8 hymn ( praise1 he mu/ ei!r address deity 9 ! fir/ p]son1 z 9 ,psalm #ade3a3 ,i w extol !e1 my ,god1 ,o ,k+2 ,& ,i w bless ?y "n = ev] & ev]2 or he mu/ call ^u himself to praise ,yahwe z 9 ,psalm #adf3a3 ,praise ,yahwe1 ,o my s\l4 ,/ill fur!r v>iation f ! /&>d =m is f\nd1 :5 ! call to praise takes ! =m ( a petition to ,yahwe1 a petition h[ev] :i* is really an ascription ( glory to him4 ,?is occurs v beautifully 9 ,psalm #aae3a3 ,n unto u1 ,o ,"l1 n unto u1 ,b unto ?y "n give glory4 ,s also 9 ,psalms #fg & #fh1 ! petitions ( ! op5+ v]ses are really t ,god w glorify 8 own "n1 & ! petitions m]ge altoge!r naturally into ! calls to praise t foll[4 ,! calls to praise 9 ! v>i\s hymns1 h[ev] !y v>y1 yet be> eloqu5t te/imony to ! en?usiasm :i* animat$ ! ,hebrew hymns4 ,!y 7 sung n only to ! accompanim5t ( _m musical in/rum5ts1 b also ) danc+4 ,! s++ 0 n limit$ to sanctu>y *oirs1 b 0 p>ticipat$ 9 by ! entire conc\rse ( p4 ,! call to praise goes out to ^? 9 ! sanctu>y ,psalm #aej3a2 to prie/s1 ,levites1 ,israelites1 proselytes ,psalm #ace3ai;ff2 to ,j]usalem ,psalm #adg3ab2 to all nations ,psalm #aag2 to ev]y?+ t ha? brea? ,psalm #aej3f2 to all ?+s animate & inanimate 9 heav5 & e>? ,psalm #adh4 ,! reasons giv5 9 ! body ( ! hymns :y m5 %\ld praise ,yahwe naturally v>y some:at4 ,h[ev] "o pr$om9ant reason is t ,god 9 wisdom & p[] creat$ ! entire physical univ]se z x 0 visible to ! anci5t ,hebrew2 ! firmam5t ) sun1 moon & />s1 & ! wat]s above ! firmam5t2 ! e>? & ev]y?+ ^u ! e>?1 & ! wat]s b5ea? ! e>?4 ,x is ,yahwe :o cause? ! w9ds to bl[1 & ! lightn+s to fla%1 & hail & sn[ & ra9 to fall ^u ! e>?2 x is ,yahwe :o cause? all vegetation to gr[1 & give? increase to ! flock1 & su/a9e? life 9 ev]y?+ t brea!?4 7,psalms #adh3e-f2 #adg3d1 #h1 #ae-ah2 #adf3f2 #ace3f1 #g2 #aae3ae2 #ajd3b-cb2 #fh3aj1 & #bi3c-aj47 ,a second almo/ equally prom95t reason = prais+ ,yahwe is = 8 wisdom1 might1 & goodness reveal$ 9 8 deal+s ) ,israel4 ,he _h *os5 ! race = 8 own1 _h r$eem$ x f ! p[] ( ,egypt1 _h reveal$ unto x 8 w 9 laws1 /atutes & comm&m5ts1 _h l$ x safely ?r\gh ! great des]t1 & _h giv5 x possession ( ! l& ( ,canaan4 7,psalms #adh3ad2 #adg3b1ac1bj2 #ace3d1i-ab2 #cc3ab47 ,x is notewor?y t little att5tion is giv5 to ! return f exile1 p>tly1 p]haps1 because x may h be5 easi] to see ! h& ( ,god 9 remote hi/ory1 & p>tly because ! return f ,babylon & ! subsequ5t hi/ory 7 n !mes to create hymnal en?usiasm4 ,on ! o!r h& ,israel did1 z x w appe>1 look t[>d ! future = ,yahwe's f9al & mo/ glori\s p>ticipation 9 human affairs4 ,a ?ird pot5t reason = prais+ ,yahwe is because ( 8 m]ciful help ext5d$ to ! weak & l[ly on ! e>?1 ! wid[1 ! orphan & ! /rang]1 ! oppress$ & ! tr\bl$4 ,especially is he to be prais$1 because he saves ! righte\s & de/roys ! wick$4 7,psalms #adg3c2 #adf3g-i2 #ade3ad1 #ah-bj2 #aac3f-i2 #ajc3ac2 #cc3ah-bj2 #fh3f47 ,aga9 ! psalmi/ praises ,yahwe = :at he is 9 himself4 ,8 greatness is unse>*able4 ,he is high above all ,gods4 ,8 und]/&+ is inf9ite4 ,he is graci\s & full ( compassion4 ,he is righte\s 9 all 8 ways & holy 9 all 8 works4 ,he is good1 8 m]cy is ev]la/+ & 8 fai?fulness is ext5d$ to g5]ation aft] g5]ation4 ,8 "n is holy & to be rev]$4 7,psalms #aej3b2 #adg3e2 #adf3g-i2 #ace3c1 #e2 #aac3d2 #aaa3d1 #i2 #ajj3e47 ,yet ano!r reason = prais+ ,yahwe is t he /&s 9 su* contra/ to ! gold & silv] idols ( ! nations1 :i* are ! "w ( m5's h&s1 & p[]less to see or he> or help4 7,psalms #ace3ae-ag2 #aae3d-h47 ,likewise ,yahwe is an inf9itely m reliable & pot5t s\rce ( help ?an ! mortal human pr9ce :o goe? s soon to ! grave & ^: ?\ghts & plans !n p]i% =ev]4 7,psalm #adf3c1 #d47 ,z ! hymns 9 praise ( ,yahwe q fitt+ly beg9 ) ,hallelujah 8,praise ye ,yahwe10 s also ! great majority ( !m come to a conclusion ) 8,hallelujah40 7,psalms #aej1 #adi1 #adh1 #adg1 #adf1 #ace1 #aag1 #aae1 #aac1 #ajd47 ,!re are a few hymns :i* h n ! ,hallelujah at ! close 7,psalms #bi1 #cc1 #aaa1 #ade71 b ^! are n typical hymns4 ,psalms #bi & #cc d n use 8,hallelujah0 9 ! op5+ call to praise1 :ile #aaa & #ade are individual & alphabetical hymns ( praise1 9 :i* 8,hallelujah0 c\ld n well be made an integral "p ( ! hymn4 ,on ! o!r h& a numb] ( hymns h a long] & /rong] conclud+ call to praise ?an ! simple 8,hallelujah03 ,let ev]y?+ t brea!? praise ,yahwe4 ,praise ye ,yahwe4 --,psalm #aej3f4 ,! praise ( ,yahwe %all my m\? speak2 ,& let all fle% bless 8 holy "n ,= ev] & ev]4 --,psalm #ade3ba4 ,! dead praise n ,yahwe1 ,nor any :o g d[n into sil5ce2 ,b z = u we w praise ,yahwe ,bo? n[ & ev]more2 ,praise ye ,yahwe4 --,psalm #aae3ag1 #ah4 ,h\se ( ,israel1 bless ye ,yahwe2 ,h\se ( ,a>on1 bless ye ,yahwe2 ,h\se ( ,levi1 bless ye ,yahwe2 ,wor%ipp]s ( ,yahwe1 bless ye ,yahwe2 ,bless$ by ,yahwe f ,zion :o inhabits ,j]usalem2 ,praise ye ,yahwe4 --,psalm #ace3ai-ba4 ,su* 9 g5]al is ! sanctu>y hymn ( praise1 b ea* ( ! hymns 9 ?is gr\p 7,psalms #aej1 #adh1 #adg1 #ace1 #aac1 #ade1 #aaa1 #adf1 #aae1 #cc1 #aag7 m]its or dem&s at lea/ brief individual m5tion4 ,( all ^! ,psalm #aej des]ves to be m5tion$ fir/ because its position at ! end ( ! psalt] may be accept$ z /rong te/imony ( ! great importance atta*$ to praise 9 ! wor%ip ( ,israel4 ,! psalm also m]its consid]ation = its own sake because ( ! cl>ity & symmetry ( its arrangem5t3 ,call to praise ,yahwe 7v]se #a;a72 :]e praise ,yahwe 7v]se #a;bc72 :]e=e praise ,yahwe 7v]se #b72 :]e) praise ,yahwe 7v]ses #c1 #d1 #e72 conclud+ call to praise ,yahwe 7v]se #f74 ,psalm #adh is p>ticul>ly notable = ! univ]sality ( its call to praise4 ,v]ses #a-e call ^u ev]ybody & ev]y?+ 9 ! heav5s above to praise ,yahwe1 :ile v]ses #g-ac call to 8 praise ev]y?+ & ev]ybody on ! e>? b5ea? includ+3 ,k+s ( ! e>?1 & all p2 ,pr9ces1 & all judges ( ! e>?2 ,bo? "y m5 & maid5s2 ,old m5 & *ildr54 ,aft] ! trem5d\s univ]sality ( ?is call to praise1 ! brevity ( ! body ( ! hymn1 ) ! ref]5ce to ,yahwe's supreme glory on ! "o h&1 & ! ref]5ce to 8 goodness to ,israel on ! o!r h&1 is v effective3 ,let !m praise ! "n ( ,yahwe1 ,= 8 "n alone is supreme4 ,8 glory is above e>? & heav51 ,& he ha? giv5 victory to 8 p4 ,! praise is he ( all 8 fai?ful ones1 ,ev5 ( ! ,israelites1 ! p ne> to him1 ,praise ye ,yahwe4 ,psalm #adg is a spl5did example ( ! union ( ?ree little hymns 9 "o composition4 ,! abs5ce ( a conclud+ call to praise is surpris+2 x has d\btless be5 lo/ 9 process ( transmission4 ,psalm #ace has a numb] ( little v>iations f ! ord9>y usage ( ! hymns4 ,v]ses #a & #b are a typical call to praise3 ,praise ye ,yahwe2 ,praise ye ! "n ( ,yahwe2 ,praise him1 ye s]vants ( ,yahwe1 ,ye :o /& 9 ! h\se ( ,yahwe1 ,9 ! c\rts ( ! h\se ( our ,god4 ,b !n v]ses #c & #d are two little hymns 9 !mselves3 ,praise ,yahwe2 = ,yahwe is good4 ,s+ praises unto him1 = he is graci\s1 ,= ,yahwe ha? *os5 ,jacob = himself1 ,& ,israel is 8 treasure4 ,) v]se #e "o w\ld expect a r5ew$ call to praise1 z = example3 ,praise ,yahwe = ,yahwe is great1 b in/ead ( ! call to praise !re is sub/itut$ an affirmation ( fai?3 ,= we "k t ,yahwe is great1 ,& our ,"l above all gods4 ,v]ses #f-ab proce$ 9 normal c\rse recit+ ! greatness ( ,yahwe 9 creation & 9 hi/ory1 b v]se #ac conta9s its surprise1 = ! ?ird p]son is ex*ang$ = ! second & ,yahwe is directly address$3 ,?y "n1 ,o ,yahwe1 endure? = ev]1 ,?y remembrance1 ,o ,yahwe1 to all g5]ations4 ,! second p]son is ! natural usage ( pray]1 & ! subject ( v]se #ad w\ld h be5 appropriate = petition3 ,= ,yahwe w deliv] 8 p1 ,& he w %[ m]cy to 8 s]vants4 ,possibly ?is v fact acc\nts = ! use ( ! second p]son 9 v]se #ac4 ,! ?\ght ( rescue naturally sugge/s ! idea ( ! idol wor%ip ( ! oppressors 7v]ses #ae-ah71 & ! contra/ betwe5 ! impot5t idols & ,yahwe l5ds en?usiasm to ! mighty conclud+ call to praise 7v]ses #ai-ba74 ,9 ?is gr\p ( sanctu>y hymns1 ,psalm #aac und\bt$ly des]ves a unique place4 ,! call to praise is di/9ctive bo? = its sublimity ( conception & ! beauty ( ! language3 ,praise ye ,yahwe2 ,praise1 ye s]vants ( ,yahwe1 ,praise ! "n ( ,yahwe4 ,bless$ be ! "n ( ,yahwe ,n[ & ev]more2 ,f ! ris+ ( ! sun to its go+ d[n ,yahwe's "n is to be prais$4 --,v]ses #a-c4 ,h[ev] ! r>e/ beauty & *iefe/ *>m ( ?is hymn is 9 ! unexpect$ contra/ betwe5 ! ,yahwe exalt$ high above all nations & ,yahwe /oop+ f on high to ! poore/ & weake/ ( ! e>?4 ,!re is "h a beautiful illu/ration ( ! *>act]i/ic ,hebrew t5d5cy to make tru? concrete1 9 ! case ( ! *ildless wife :om ,yahwe rememb]s1 & saves f be+ divorc$1 caus+ h] to rema9 at home ! joyful "m ( *ildr53 ,high above all nations is ,yahwe2 ,above ! heav5s 8 glory4 ,:o is l ,yahwe our ,god1 ,:o dwell+ 9 high heav51 ,/oope? to look ^u ! e>?8 ,he raise? up poor m5 f ! du/2 ,f ! dung hill he lifte? ne$y m51 ,to seat !m beside pr9ces4 ,ev5 ) ! pr9ces ( 8 p4 ,he cause? ! b>r5 woman to live at home ,! "m ( *ildr5 joyful4 ,praise ye ,yahwe4 ,x is safe to say t no great] hymn ( praise is to be f\nd 9 ! psalt] ?an ,psalm #ajj4 ,x is great 9 its orig9ality1 cl>ity1 & /r5g?4 ,x is address$ to ! congregation ent]+ ! temple1 & ?\gh n sung by ! procession might yet be call$ a processional hymn4 ,x is p]haps a "q h[ wide ! application ( v]se #a is1 :e!r ! call to praise goes out to all ! e>? & all humanity1 or :e!r ! call is int5d$ simply = all ! l& ( ,pale/9e4 ,v]ses #c & #d seem to make x reasonably cle> t ! call to praise is "h meant n = humanity b = ! ,jewi% p4 ,! psalm is n !n an es*atological hymn z ! wid] application ( v]se #a might sugge/4 ,! hymn falls into two divisions ( almo/ equal l5g?s1 v]ses #a-c & v]ses #d-e4 ,9 ! fir/ division v]ses #a & #b con/itute ! call to praise3 ,%\t to ,yahwe all ! l&3 ,s]ve ,yahwe ) gladness2 ,come 9 be=e him ) s++4 ,v]se #c makes up ! body ( ! hymn 9 ?is division1 & x is to be not$ t :ile ! actual cont5t ( v]se #c is *>act]i/ic reason = praise1 yet ! introduction ( 8,"k ye0 adds ano!r to ! succession ( imp]atives 9 ?is psalm1 increases its /r5g?1 & is rem9isc5t ( ! fact t !re 7 requirem5ts = ^? :o w\ld ent] ,yahwe's temple z ,psalm #bd3c-e makes cle>3 ,"k ye t ,yahwe is ,god3 ,x is ,he :o ha? made u1 & we are ,8 p & %eep ( 8 pa/ure4 ,9 ! second division v]se #d is ! call to praise3 ,ent] 8 gates ) ?anksgiv+1 ,8 c\rts ) praise2 ,be ?ankful to him1 bless 8 "n1 & v]se #e ! body ( ! hymn3 ,= good is ,yahwe3 unto ev]la/+ 8 m]cy ,& to all g5]ations 8 fai?fulness4 ,!re is no fur!r conclusion & assur$ly none is ne$$4 ,psalm #acd is a simple liturgical hymn ( a night s]vice 9 ! ,j]usalem temple4 ,"s "o repres5t+ ! congregation /&+ )\t calls ^u ! prie/s 9 ! sanctu>y to lift up h&s to ! ,holy ( ,holies & bless ,yahwe 7v]ses #a-b74 ,! prie/s f )9 reply+ invoke ,yahwe's bless+ ^u ! wor%ipp]4 ,ano!r v beautiful liturgical hymn ( praise is ,psalm #bd4 ,v]ses #a & #b are sung by ! congregation approa*+ ! sanctu>y1 & are hymnal 9 "*4 ,arriv$ at ! sanctu>y ! "q is ask$1 :o are wor?y to ent] ,yahwe's sanctu>y 7v]se #c71 & ! answ] is giv5 9 v]ses #d1 #e4 ,^! ?ree v]ses belong to ! category ( ! tea*+ psalms4 ,9 v]se #f ! congregation ann\nces t x seeks ! ,god ( ,jacob4 ,h[ev] ! temple doors are clos$ & ! congregation dem&s t ! gates be lift$ up to p]mit ! ,k+ ( ,glory to ent]1 v]se #g4 ,v]se #h br+s ! *all5ge f )9 ! temple3 8,:o is ?is k+ ( glory80 & ! answ] is return$ by ! company )\t3 8,yahwe /rong & mighty1 ,yahwe mighty 9 battle40 ,aga9 ! dem& is made t ! temple gates be lift$ up 7v]se #i71 b aga9 ! *all5ge comes f )93 8,:o is ?is k+ ( glory80 ,& n[ ! company returns ! age-old title ( ! k+1 8,yahwe ( ho/s1 he is ! k+ ( glory10 & we are to und]/& t ! gates did lift up1 & t ! mighty ,god pass$ 94 ,x is cle> t ?is liturgical hymn is made up ( :at 7 once indep5d5t lit]>y units4 ,?is is suffici5tly obvi\s f ! fact t 9 v]se #f ! wor%ipp+ company are seek+ ! deity's pres5ce1 z inde$ is presuppos$ by v]ses #c-e1 :ile 9 v]ses #g-aj ! company is seek+ entrance = ,yahwe himself into ! temple or m probably into ! city4 ,! :ole con/itutes a noble liturgical hymn ( praise4 ,psalms #aaa & #ade h little claim to recognition o!r ?an t !y are alphabetical psalms1 ! tw5ty-two l9es ( #aaa beg9n+ ) ! tw5ty-two successive lett]s ( ! ,hebrew alphabet1 :ile ! fir/ l9es ( ! tw5ty-two c\plets ( ,psalm #ade likewise beg9 ) ! tw5ty-two successive lett]s ( ! alphabet4 ,psalm #adf op5s 9 ! *>act]i/ic /yle ( an individual hymn ( praise3 ,praise ye ,yahwe3 ,praise ,yahwe1 ,o my s\l2 ,:ile ,i live ,i w praise ,yahwe2 ,i w s+ praises unto my ,god1 :ile ,i exi/4 ,!n1 h[ev]1 !re are ?ree v]ses 9 ! mann] ( wisdom lit]ature1 al?\gh introduc$ by v]se #c 9 ! hortatory /yle ( ! prophet3 ,tru/ ye n 9 pr9ces1 ,nor 9 man 9 :om is no help3 ,8 brea? goe? out1 he returne? to 8 gr\nd2 ,9 t day 8 ?\ghts p]i%4 ,happy is he :o has ,jacob's ,god = 8 help1 ,^: hope is 9 ,yahwe 8 ,god1 ,mak] ( heav5 & e>?4 ,v]ses #f-i give ! /&>d reasons :y m5 %\ld praise ,yahwe1 & v]se #aj closes ! hymn ) t hopeful outlook = ! future s significant1 & s *>act]i/ic ( ! ,hebrew religion & ! ,hebrew hymn ( praise3 ,yahwe %all reign =ev]1 ,?y ,god1 ,o ,zion1 unto all g5]ations4 ,praise ye ,yahwe4 ,psalm #aae v>ies s widely f ! /&>d hymn ( praise t x is j a "q :e!r x belongs ) ! hymns1 or ) ! psalms ( petition4 ,z previ\sly po9t$ out1 ! introductory call to praise "h takes on ! =m ( a petition1 =tifi$ moreov] z 9 pray]s ( petition ) reasons :y ,yahwe %\ld answ] x4 ,n to u1 ,yahwe1 n to u1 ,b to ?y "n give glory1 ,= ?y m]cy's sake1 = ?y tru?'s sake4 ,:y %\ld ! nations say1 ,:]e is _! ,god8 --,v]ses #a1 #b4 ,:at w\ld ord9>ily be ! body ( ! fir/ division ( ! hymn beg9s ) v]se #c & runs on to v]se #h contra/+ ! ,god :o is 9 ! heav5s & :o has p[] to d :atev] he wills ) ! impot5t & useless idols ( ! nations 7v]ses #c-h74 ,a new section cle>ly beg9s ) v]se #i4 ,9 a hymn prop] v]ses #i-aa w\ld con/itute a r5ew$ call to praise1 b "h !y are a summons to ,israelites1 prie/s1 proselytes to tru/ ,yahwe3 ,israel1 tru/ 9 ,yahwe3 ,_! help & _! %ield is he4 ,h\se ( ,a>on1 tru/ 9 ,yahwe2 ,_! help & _! %ield is he4 ,wor%ipp]s ( ,yahwe1 tru/ 9 ,yahwe2 ,_! help & _! %ield is he4 ,!re foll[s 9 v]ses #ab-ad n reasons :y ,yahwe %\ld be tru/$1 correspond+ to ! mann] 9 :i* ! body ( a hymn gives reasons :y ,yahwe %\ld be prais$1 b r a /rong affirmation ( confid5ce1 :i* aga9 is a common feature ( ! pray] ( petition4 ,yahwe rememb]s u & w bless1 ,he w bless ! h\se ( ,israel4 ,he w bless ! h\se ( ,a>on4 ,he w bless ! wor%ipp]s ( ,yahwe1 ,! small ) ! great1 ,yahwe w increase y1 ,y & y\r *ildr54 ,bless$ are ye ( ,yahwe1 ,mak] ( heav5 & e>?4 ,f9ally :]e 9 v]ses #af-ah w\ld ord9>ily be expect$ a r5ew$ call to praise1 we h "h some?+ t resembles ! v[ ( a pray] ( petition1 al?\gh x is hymnal to ! ext5t t x promises to praise ,yahwe = ev]more4 ,x ought also to be obs]v$ t ! psalm has a numb] ( features t indicate x to be liturgical 9 "*4 ,v]ses #a-h1 x may be suppos$1 7 sung by ! congregation made up ( ,israelites1 & proselytes1 l$ by prie/s & ,levites4 ,!n v]ses #i-aa con/itute an antiphonal response to _! petition1 "o *oir s++3 8,o ,israel1 tru/ 9 ,yahwe10 :ile ! second *oir respond$3 8,he is _! help & _! %ield40 ,! :ole congregation t fir/ sang v]ses #a-h n[ s+s v]ses #ab-ac1 & 9 reply to _! affirmation ( fai?1 ! temple *oir gives ! com=t+ assurance ( ,yahwe's favor 9 v]ses #ad-ae4 ,!n ! congregation s+s ! hymnal v[ ( v]ses #af-ah4 ,x rema9s accord+ly a "q :e!r we h 9 ,psalm #aae a liturgical hymn ( praise1 or a liturgical psalm ( petition 9 :i* ! hymnal _s & =m has a prom95t place4 ,psalm #cc is also difficult ( classification4 ,v]ses #a-c are a typical hymnal call to praise & v]ses #d-g give cu/om>y reasons = prais+ ,yahwe4 ,!n v]se #h issues a r5ew$ call to wor%ip ,yahwe & v]ses #i-aa aga9 give cu/om>y reasons = s do+4 ,b :5 we arrive at v]se #ab we h ! *>act]i/ic introduction to a wisdom psalm3 ,happy ! nation ^: ,god is ,yahwe1 ,! p he ha? *os5 = 8 inh]itance4 & !re foll[ 9 v]ses #ac-ai ! s5t5ti\s utt]ances1 *>act]i/ic ( ! wisdom lit]ature1 tea*+ t nei!r m5 nor nations are sav$ by physical might1 b only by ! m]cy ( ,yahwe ext5d$ to ^? :o fe> him4 ,n inappropriately !re foll[s1 9 v]ses #bj & #ba1 an affirmation ( fai? 9 ,yahwe1 :i* is foll[$ 9 turn by ! brief petition3 ,let ?y m]cy1 ,o ,yahwe1 be ^u u1 ,accord+ z we h tru/$ 9 !e4 ,! fir/ half ( ! psalm1 v]ses #a-aa is a hymn ( praise2 ! second half1 v]ses #ab-bb1 despite ! petition at ! close is p]haps be/ call$ a wisdom psalm4 ,9 ! v %ort ,psalm #aag ! call to praise goes out 9 v]se #a to 8all nations0 & to 8all peoples40 ,x is a "q h[ev] :e!r ! m]cy ( ,yahwe 9 v]se #b is ext5d$ to all peoples or limit$ to ! ,hebrews4 ,9 any case ?is little hymn ( praise =ms a suitable transition to ! special gr\p ( es*atological hymns ( praise4 ,*apt] ,,iii ,,hebrew ,,es*atological ,,hymns ,! sanctu>y hymns ( praise :i* we h be5 /udy+ h =1 ! mo/ "p1 ! backw>d look ?r\gh ,israel's hi/ory to ! creation ( ! _w4 ,a few ( !m also h 9 small degree ! =w>d look call+ = ,yahwe's praise because ( :at he w yet accompli% 9 ! _w2 & c]ta9ly _m ( ! hymns are *>act]iz$ by an en?usiasm = ,yahwe's greatness t ass]ts or presupposes 8 supremacy 9 ! univ]se4 ,nev]!less x is "r to ga!r toge!r a special gr\p ( hymns :i* look =w>d m def9itely & concretely to ! actual triumphant consummation ( ,yahwe's plan1 & ! a*ievem5t ( ,israel's glori\s de/9y4 ,^! hymns are sung 9 contemplation ( ,yahwe's great f9al victory4 ,he has at long la/ appe>$ to judge ! _w2 8 mightie/ enemies h suff]$ complete & f9al defeat4 ,he has tak5 8 rightful position ^u 8 ?rone1 & all nations ackn[l$ge 8 au?ority4 ,! physical _w w n[ yield its abundant increase1 & ! div9e reign ( peace & righte\sness w beg94 ,su* hymns1 fitt+ly call$ es*atological1 are ,psalms #if1 #ih1 #adi1 #dg1 #ii1 #ig1 #ic1 #hb4 ,"o n inconspicu\s diff]5ce 9 ^! es*atological hymns is 9 ! call to praise4 ,_m es*atological hymns inde$ seem to h be5 introduc$ simply by ! triumphant %\t3 8,yahwe is k+40 7,psalms #ii1 #ig1 #ic47 ,! ann\ncem5t ( ! mom5t\s fact1 t at la/ ,israel's ,god has actually asc5d$ 8 ?rone to take to himself p[] & sov]eignty ov] ! e>?1 does ( itself inspire hymnal en?usiasm4 ,q probably ! abruptness ( ! ann\ncem5t corresponds to ! sudd5ness & unexpect$ness ( ! ev5t itself4 ,h[ev] hymns beg9n+ ) ! %\t3 8,yahwe is k+0 sometimes foll[ up t ann\ncem5t ) a summons to praise ,yahwe4 ,inde$ ! v fact t ,yahwe has become k+ is reason :y m5 & nations %\ld be call$ ^u to praise him4 ,s :ile ,psalm #ic1 beg9n+ ) 8,yahwe is k+10 has no fur!r call to praise1 ,psalm #ig does complete ! great ann\ncem5t ) a brief call to praise3 ,yahwe is k+1 let ! e>? rejoice2 ,let ! _m %ores be glad4 ,& ,psalm #ii foll[s up ! ann\ncem5t n ) "o b ) repeat$ calls to wor%ip ,yahwe 7v]ses #a1 #c1 #e1 #i74 ,ano!r gr\p ( es*atological hymns 7,psalms #if1 #ih1 #adi7 beg9s inde$ ) a call to praise1 b feels ! utt] inadequacy ( ! old songs4 ,! amaz+ly new _w situation dem&s a new song4 ,consequ5tly !y />t )3 ,s+ to ,yahwe a new song4 ,!y may lat] make explicit ann\ncem5t t ,yahwe has become k+ z 9 ,psalm #if3aj3 ,say among ! nations1 ,yahwe is k+1 or t fact may be made implicitly und]/ood by ! g5]al context ( ! hymn4 ,%\t be=e ! k+ ,yahwe4 --,psalm #ih3f4 ,let ,zion's sons rejoice 9 _! k+4 --,psalm #adi3b4 ,und\bt$ly !re 7 also 9 ,israel es*atological hymns1 :i* issu$ ! great call to praise 9 v>i$ & impressive ways1 foll[+ up ! call to praise ) ! mom5t\s ann\ncem5t ( ,yahwe's assumption ( _w gov]nm5t4 ,( su* hymns ,psalm #dg is a repres5tative4 ,x calls ! peoples to ! praise ( ,yahwe 9 v]se #b & ann\nces ! great fact ( 8 newly accept$ k+%ip 9 v]se #c3 ,all ye peoples1 clap y\r h&s1 ,%\t to ,god ) ! voice ( triumph1 ,= ,yahwe mo/ high is to be fe>$1 ,a great k+ is he ov] all ! e>?4 ,x 0 obs]v$ 9 ! /udy ( ! sanctu>y hymns t c]ta9 ( !m 7#adg1 #adh7 repeat$ ! call to praise at int]vals ?r\gh\t ! hymn1 creat+ some:at ! impression ( a union ( little hymns 9 "o4 ,?is ph5om5on seems to be p>ticul>ly conspicu\s 9 ! es*atological hymns4 ,?us ,psalm #if may be divid$ into ?ree hymns3 ,i1 v]ses #a-f2 ,,ii1 v]ses #g-aj2 ,,iii1 v]ses #aa-ac4 ,s also ,psalm #ih divides into3 ,i1 v]ses #a-c2 ,,ii1 v]ses #d-f;a2 ,,iii1 v]ses #f;b-#i4 ,likewise ,psalm #ii3 ,i1 v]ses #a-d2 ,,ii1 v]ses #e-h2 ,,iii1 v]se #i4 ,psalm #dg breaks into two p>ts3 ,i1 v]ses #a-e2 ,,ii1 v]ses #f-i2 & ,psalm #adi likewise3 ,i1 v]ses #a-d2 ,,ii1 v]ses #e-i4 ,9 all ^! hymns ! repeat$ calls to praise repres5t gr[+ mom5tum & p[] ( hymnal en?usiasm = ,yahwe1 ! great k+4 ,turn+ f ! introductions to ! conclusions ( ! es*atological hymns we f9d t ,psalm #adi is ! only "o ( ^? f\nd 9 ! psalt] t does actually end )1 8,hallelujah40 ,o!rs1 h[ev] 7,psalms #ig1 #ii1 #if1 #ih71 d end ) ! hymnal note ( praise & all conclude ) ! note ( triumph4 ,9 ,psalm #adi x is ,israel's national triumph3 ,to execute v5geance ^u ! nations1 ,puni%m5ts ^u ! peoples1 ,to b9d _! k+s ) *a9s1 ,& _! nobles ) fett]s ( iron1 ,to execute ^u !m ! ,judgm5t writt51 ,an honor is x = all ,8 fai?ful ones4 --,v]ses #g-i4 ,9 ,psalm #dg x is ,yahwe's great political triumph3 ,= to ,god belong ! %ields ( ! e>?2 ,he is greatly exalt$4 ,psalms #if & #ih close ) ! joy\s anticipation t ! reign ( ,ju/ice is at h&3 444 ,= he has come to judge ! e>?2 ,he w judge ! _w ) righte\sness1 ,& ! peoples ) equity4 ,x is int]e/+ t ?ree o!r psalms conclude ) ! ?\ght ( ! hol9ess ( ,yahwe & ,yahwe's h\se3 ,exalt ,yahwe our ,god1 ,& wor%ip at 8 holy hill1 ,= holy is ,yahwe our ,god4 --,psalm #ii3i4 ,rejoice ye righte\s 9 ,yahwe1 ,& give ?anks at ! remembrance ( 8 hol9ess4 --,psalm #ig3ab4 ,?y te/imonies are v sure3 ,hol9ess become? ?y h\se1 ,o ,yahwe1 =ev]4 --,psalm #ic3e4 ,9 ! /udy ( ! /&>d hymns ( praise x 0 obs]v$ t ,deity is regul>ly spok5 ( 9 ! ?ird p]son1 :ile 9 only a v few in/ances ! second p]son1 ! usage ( pray]1 is employ$4 ,( ! es*atological hymns we h exam9$ !re are f\r 9 :i* ! second p]son occurs1 ,psalms #ig1 #ii1 #ic1 & #hb4 ,psalm #ig is a hymn 9 ?ree sections4 ,! fir/ section1 v]ses #a-f1 makes ! ann\ncem5t ( ,yahwe's appe>ance on e>? & ! ?ird p]son is us$4 ,! second section1 v]ses #g-i1 speaks ( ,yahwe's supremacy ov] ! gods1 & :]e ! psalmi/ is speak+ ( ! joy ( ,j]usalem & ,judah's t[ns ov] ,yahwe's victory he uses ! second p]son4 ,b ! ?ird section1 treat+ ( ,yahwe's deliv]ance ( ! righte\s aga9 uses ! ?ird p]son4 ,x is difficult to acc\nt = ! use ( ! second p]son 9 ! second section ( ?is hymn1 unless x is t ! v ?\ght ( ,judah's joy ov] ,yahwe's triumph br\ght ,yahwe ne>] to ! consci\sness ( ! psalmi/1 & s put ! psalmi/ into ! attitude ( m9d ( a suppliant t[>d ,yahwe1 ) ! consequ5t use ( ! second p]son1 z 9 pray]4 ,psalm #ii seems to be a hymn ( f\r sections4 ,! fir/ section consi/s ( v]ses #a1 #b1 #c1 conta9+ six l9es end+ ) ! refra93 8,holy is he40 ,! second section consi/s ( v]ses #d & #e conta9+ also six l9es & end+ likewise ) ! refra93 8,holy is he40 ,!re is fur!rmore a natural l9e ( division at ! end ( v]se #g1 & if we c suppose t ! refra9 0 "h inadv]t5tly omitt$1 we %\ld aga9 h six l9es end+ ) ! same refra94 ,?is leaves u 9 v]ses #h & #i a f\r? section ( six l9es end+ 9 ! refra9 slightly exp&$3 8,= holy is ,yahwe our ,god40 ,moreov] ! hymn is divid$ into two ma9 divisions ( twelve l9es ea*1 ea* end+ ) a little hymn ( ?ree l9es1 :i* is sub/antially ! same3 ,exalt ye ,yahwe our ,god1 ,& wor%ip at 8 foot/ool1 ,holy is he4 --,v]ses #e1 #i4 ,aga9 !re is 9 ?is hymn ! same difficulty 9 acc\nt+ = ! use ( ! second p]son z 9 ,psalm #ig1 & aga9 ! same explanation is to be (f]$4 ,9 v]se #c;a1 to be sure1 !re may be a mi/ake 9 ! text1 = x is sc>cely felicit\s to h ! second p]son 9 v]se #c;a & ! ?ird p]son 9 v]se #c;b4 ,9 v]ses #d & #h h[ev]1 ! v subject matt] is t :i* w\ld ord9>ily be foll[$ by petitions1 & :i* w\ld br+ ab\t ! attitude ( ! m9d 9 pray]1 & ! consequ5t direct address to ,god3 ,?\ has re/or$ equity2 ,?\ has execut$ ju/ice & righte\sness 9 ,jacob4 ,yahwe1 our ,god1 ?\ did/ answ] !m3 ,a =giv+ god wa/ ?\ to !m1 ,& "o av5g+ _! wrongs4 ,aga9 ,psalm #ic may be divid$ into f\r sections1 ?\gh n all f\r ( equal l5g?4 ,v]se #a1 ( ?ree l9es1 makes ! great ann\ncem5t 9 ! ?ird p]son t ,yahwe is k+4 ,v]ses #b & #c1 ( f\r l9es1 are address$ to ,yahwe 9 ! second p]son & in=m him t 8 ?rone is f ev]la/+1 b t mighty foes are 9 rebellion aga9/ him4 ,!n v]se #d1 ( ?ree l9es1 makes ! reassur+ ann\ncem5t 9 ! ?ird p]son t ,yahwe is mighti] ?an ! foes4 ,v]se #e addresses ,yahwe 9 ! second p]son1 express+ confid5ce t 8 div9e au?ority w endure1 & 8 h\se reta9 =ev] its sanctity4 ,x seems n improbable t ! v]ses employ+ ! ?ird p]son1 & ! v]ses employ+ ! second p]sons 7 sung by diff]5t *oirs1 & t we h 9 ?is psalm a liturgical es*atological hymn4 ,! actual cont5t ( ! es*atological hymns has to "s ext5t be5 %ad[$ =? 9 ?is discussion4 ,! "o great fact 9 ! hymns is ! triumphant int]v5tion ( ,yahwe 9 ! affairs ( ! _w4 ,8 appe>ance on ! e>? is accompani$ by ! mo/ spectacul> physical ph5om5a4 ,! heav5s decl>e 8 glory & ! e>? trembles4 ,:ile cl\ds & d>kness surr\nd 8 p]son1 8 lightn+s illum9ate ! _w2 ! hills melt l wax b5ea? 8 feet1 & a fire goe? be=e him & de/roye? 8 enemies 7,psalm #ig3b-f2 ,psalm #ii3a74 ,! appe>ance ( ,yahwe on ! e>? is foll[$ by 8 complete & f9al victory4 ,turbul5t & mighty z ! waves ( ! great ocean1 all 8 enemies are spe$ily vanqui%$4 ,8 "r h& & 8 holy arm a*ieve = him ! victory1 & all ! ends ( ! e>? witness ! salvation a*iev$ by ,god 7,psalm #ih3a2 ,psalm #ic3c1 #d74 ,9 virtue ( ?is great victory ,yahwe is n[ to be fe>$ above all gods2 inde$ he is recogniz$ z ! "o & only god4 ,all ^? :o _h s]v$ grav5 images & boa/$ ( _! idols are put to %ame4 ,yahwe reigns f 8 temple 9 ,j]usalem1 & ! peoples ( ! e>? br+ _! (f]+s into 8 c\rts1 z !y wor%ip him1 ascrib+ to him all glory & /r5g? 7,psalm #if3c1 #d1 #g1 #h2 ,psalm #ig3g74 ,yahwe's sov]eignty ext5ds into ! political realm4 ,he :o is great 9 ,zion is high above all peoples4 ,he is ! great k+ ov] all ! e>?4 ,8 sov]eignty means ! ext5tion ( 8 favor to ,israel1 ! rescue ( 8 fai?ful s]vants f ! might ( wick$ oppressors1 & ! elevation ( ! ,hebrew race to p[]3 ,he subdue? peoples "u u1 ,& nations "u our feet4 ,inde$ accord+ to ,psalm #adi x means ! mo/ complete & v9dictive v5geance ( ,israel ^u ! nations 7v]ses #f-i74 ,h[ev]1 9 hymns broad] & m g5]\s ( conception x means ! e/abli%m5t ( a reign ( righte\sness & peace ov] all ! e>?1 = :i* n only ! peoples b ! physical _w itself w rejoice4 ,! _w is to be e/abli%$ s t x c n be mov$4 ,! e>? w give h] increase4 ,yahwe w bless 8 p & ! v ends ( ! e>? w fe> him 7,psalms #if3ac2 #ih3i1 #fg2 #hb74 ,unique 9 ! gr\p ( es*atological hymns is ,psalm #hb4 ,x has no call to praise1 no summons to ! ,israelites1 nor to ! nations1 nor to ! physical univ]se1 to rejoice at ,god's appe>+2 x does n ev5 ann\nce t ,god has become k+4 ,:at x does is to s+le out f all ! mom5t\s ev5ts ( ,god's f9al victory on e>? "o sc5e1 b ! description ( t "o sc5e is ( itself su* z to k9dle hymnal en?usiasm & to give ! psalm ! atmosph]e & "* ( a hymn4 ,god takes 8 place z judge 9 ! c\ncil ( ! gods 7v]se #a74 ,he arraigns ! gods = _! protection ( ! wick$1 & exhorts !m to d ju/ice to ! poor & ! fa!rless1 & to rescue !m f _! oppressors4 ,he realizes1 h[ev] 7v]se #e71 t appeal to ^! judges is hopeless4 ,!y are )\t und]/&+ & 9 d>kness1 :ile ! v moral f\ndations ( ! _w tremble4 ,!re=e ,god pron\nces f9al judgm5t ^u ! judges4 ,!y _h be5 giv5 ! /atus ( gods b n[ !y are to die l m5 7v]ses #f1 #g74 ,?is pron\ncem5t1 imply+ z x does t ,god w n[ himself give ju/ice to ! e>?1 calls =? ! petition ( v]se #h3 ,arise ,o ,god1 judge ! e>?1 ,= ?\ %alt inh]it all nations4 ,despite ?is anticipatory petition at ! close1 ,psalm #hb is ess5tially a positive ann\ncem5t ( ,god's triumph1 & call+ =? z x does hymnal en?usiasm1 is itself ess5tially a hymn4 ,simil>ly ,psalm #b mu/ be assign$ to ! gr\p ( es*atological hymns4 ,"h aga9 !re is no call to praise1 no summon+ ( ! nations to welcome ,god's appe>+1 no proclamation t ,yahwe has become k+ ov] all ! e>?4 ,l ,psalm #hb ?is psalm also selects & describes a s+le situation out ( ! _m t g to make up ,yahwe's f9al e/abli%m5t ( 8 k+dom ^u e>?4 ,x is presuppos$ 9 ! psalm t ,yahwe has already proclaim$ 8 sov]eignty ov] ! e>? & e/abli%$ 8 own ano9t$ k+ ^u ! ?rone ( ! _w 9 ,j]usalem4 ,b 7v]ses #a-c7 ! nations ( ! _w are plott+ rebellion aga9/ ,yahwe & aga9/ 8 ano9t$ k+4 ,_! rebellion 7v]ses #d-f7 simply provokes ,yahwe to d]isive laught]4 ,ov] aga9/ _! impot5ce he simply reaffirms 8 inflexible decision3 ,z = me ,i h set my k+ ,^u my holy hill ( ,zion4 ,!n ! k+ takes up ! ^w 7v]ses #g-i7 & ann\nces ! div9e decree4 ,yahwe _h =mally adopt$ him z son1 & _h giv5 to him ! k+doms ( ! e>? ) p[] ov] !m to break !m 9 pieces4 ,! k+ has spok54 ,ano!r voice makes ! practical application 7v]ses #aj-ab7 & w>ns ! k+s & ! rul]s ( ! e>? to make _! humble peace ) ,yahwe1 & ) 8 ano9t$1 be=e 8 wra? is fully ar\s$4 ,*apt] ,,iv ,,hebrew ,,nature ,,hymns ,! abode ( ! hymns already discuss$ 0 ! sanctu>y & _! place 0 9 sanctu>y wor%ip1 b !re is a gr\p ( hymns1 ! real backgr\nd ( :i* 0 ,nature's great out ( doors4 ,^! hymns include ,psalms #bi2 #ai3a-e;b2 #ai3e;c-#g2 #ajd2 & #h4 ,( ^! ,psalm #bi resembles mo/ closely 9 its lit]>y =m ! /&>d hymns4 ,x has ! call to praise1 ! body ( ! hymn sett+ =? ! greatness ( ,yahwe2 & x has a conclusion1 ?\gh ! conclusion is n a r5ew$ summons to exalt ! deity4 ,! hymn z a :ole expresses ! reaction ( ! psalmi/ to a ?und] & lightn+ /orm4 ,he wat*es x rise 9 ! ,lebanon m\nta9s 9 ! ,nor?1 & foll[s x ) 8 eye & e> & imag9ation until x loses itself 9 ! des]t ( ,kade%4 ,he obs]ves ! =k$ lightn+ 7v]se #g7 b is va/ly m impress$ by ! ?und] to :i* he attributes ! de/ructive p[] ( ! /orm4 ,! significant fact is t ! /orm does n create 9 ! psalmi/ fe>1 b moves him to adoration ( 8 great ,god1 & to r5ew$ fai? & confid5ce4 ,! introductory call to praise 7v]ses #a-b7 summons ! gods above to wor%ip ,yahwe & to ascribe to him glory & /r5g?4 ,! body ( ! hymn celebrates ! ?und]1 8,! ,voice ( ,yahwe10 some:at z ,psalm #ai3h-aj celebrates3 8,! ,law ( ,yahwe40 ,v]se #i;c3 8,b 9 8 temple e "o sai? ,glory0 =ms a transition to ! conclusion 9 v]ses #i-aj1 :i* rememb]s t ! ,god ( ! ?und] /orm 0 also ! ,god ( ! flood1 ! et]nal k+1 :o because ( 8 et]nal exi/5ce & 8 great p[] c give /r5g? & peace to 8 p4 ,psalm #ai conta9s two %ort nature hymns or m probably two fragm5ts ( hymns4 ,! fir/ ,psalm #ai3a-e;b seems to be a hymn ( ! night4 ,x does n call ^u ! heav5s to praise ,god1 z ! typical hymn w\ld d1 b simply ann\nces t ! heav5s d decl>e ,god's glory4 ,?is !y d )\t language or words or s\nds ov] all ! e>?1 ceaselessly decl>+ 8 glory f day to day1 f night to night1 f age to age4 ,psalm #ai3e;c-#g has no introductory nor conclud+ call to praise1 & ! few l9es t we h1 effective ?\gh !y are1 are probably only a fraction ( ! body ( ! orig9al hymn4 ,moreov] ! orig9al 0 und\bt$ly a hymn to ,%ama% ! ,assyrian ,sun ,god4 ,! ,assyrians wat*$ ) rev]5t eye ! ,sun ,god's glori\s j\rney across ! heav5s4 ,!y knew also ( 8 we>isome return 9 ! und]world f ,we/ to ,ea/1 & !y 7 glad to ?9k ( ! bride & ! repa/ await+ him 9 8 t5t on ! edge ( ! heav5ly ocean4 ,! ,hebrew l ! ,assyrian _h great admiration = ! illum9at+ rays & ! f]v5t heat ( ! sun1 b he w\ld g no fur!r ?an to comp>e ! sun to a bridegroom1 & a /rong man4 ,x does seem /range t ! psalmi/ has reta9$ 9 v]se #d;c ! sun's t5t3 8,= ! sun he ha? set a t5t 9 ! sea10 b ev5 s x is ,yahwe :o has plac$ ! t5t !re1 ev5 z x is ,yahwe :o has plac$ ! sun 9 ! heav5s4 ,! ,hebrew :o us$ ?is fragm5t ( a poem saw ,god's glory reveal$ 9 ! progress ( ! sun across ! sky by day1 ev5 z he saw t glory reveal$ 9 ! /> /udd$ heav5s by night4 ,psalm #ajd diff]s f ! /&>d ,hebrew hymns ( praise 9 two respects4 ,x is address$ 9 consid]able "p directly to ,deity 9 ! second p]son1 :ile ! /&>d ,hebrew hymn regul>ly uses ! ?ird p]son4 ,also x has a petition at its close1 :i* ! /&>d hymn has n4 ,9 ^! two respects ,psalm #ajd resembles a pray]4 ,h[ev] ! petition is v brief1 =mal1 almo/ incid5tal2 x c sc>cely be said to gr[ out ( ! psalm1 & c]ta9ly ! hymnal portion 7v]ses #a-cd7 c n be reg>d$ z introductory to x4 ,psalm #ajd is also rem>kable among ,hebrew hymns = its l5g?1 z a hymn devot$ exclusively to ! activity ( ,god 9 nature4 ,( ! o!r nature hymns 9 ! ,psalt]1 ,psalm #ai3a-e;b & ,psalm #ai3e;c-#g are m]e fragm5ts1 & ,psalms #h & #bi are relatively %ort1 b ,psalm #ajd conta9s sev5ty-n9e l9es ( :i* ! fir/ sev5ty-"o are dom9at$ by ! !me3 ,h[ manifold are ?y works1 ,o ,yahwe6 ,all ( !m 9 wisdom ?\ ha/ made4 --,v]se #bd4 ,z x /&s 9 ! text ,psalm #ajd has a hymnal introduction & conclusion4 ,! brief introduction may inde$ be a liturgical addition4 ,9 x ! psalmi/ calls ^u himself to praise ,yahwe3 8,bless my s\l ,yahwe40 ,! conclusion is long] & expresses ! psalmi/'s life long devotion to 8 ,god3 ,i w s+ to ,yahwe :ile ,i live2 ,i w s+ praises to my ,god s long z ,i exi/4 ,may my m$itation be pleas+ to him2 ,z = me ,i rejoice 9 ,yahwe4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,bless my s\l ,yahwe ,praise ye ,yahwe4 ,v]ses #cc1 #cd1 #ce;cd4 ,aga9 x may be not$ t ! petition 9 v]se #ce;ab3 8,let s9n]s be consum$1 out ( ! e>?1 & let ! wick$ be no m10 has no real organic connection ) ! hymn1 & c]ta9ly ! conclud+ 8,hallelujah0 may well be an addition4 ,! analysis ( ! body ( ! hymn is cle>4 ,v]ses #a-d praise ! ,god ( heav52 v]ses #e-i1 ! ,god ( creation2 v]ses #aj-ah1 ! ,god ( ! e>?1 ! dome/ic animals1 & man2 v]ses #ai-ba1 ! ,god ( ! night2 v]ses #bb-bd1 ! ,god ( ! day2 v]ses #be-bf1 ! ,god ( ! sea2 v]ses #bg-cj1 ! ,god :o give? life to ev]y?+ t live?4 ,! body ( ! hymn !n culm9ates 9 ! pi\s wi% t ,yahwe's glory may endure =ev] & t ! mighty ,god may rejoice 9 8 works1 ev5 he :o causes ! e>?quake & ! volcanic eruption4 ,"h also comes ! petition1 b a petition has really no place 9 a g5u9e ,hebrew hymn ( praise4 ,x is cle> t ,psalm #ajd is pr$om9at+ly & ess5tially a hymn ( praise4 ,yet x has 9 its use ( ! second p]son2 9 ! pres5ce ( ! petition2 & p]haps also 9 its l5g?1 s9ce x is a nature hymn1 features t seem unhebraic4 ,x is p]haps also significant t its close resemblance to ! fam\s ,egyptian hymn ( ,ph>aoh ,iknaton has (t5 be5 obs]v$4 ,we h1 x w\ld seem1 9 ,psalm #ajd a v probable example ( ! influ5ce ( =eign lit]ature1 ,egyptian1 ,assyrian1 or bo?4 ,psalm #h might be consid]$ an impressioni/ic soliloquy ( ! />ry night1 7 x n dom9at$ by ! ?\ght ( ,god1 & address$ directly to ,god4 ,x beg9s ) an exclamation = ! psalmi/ is ov]:elm+ly impress$ ) ! realization ( ! glory ( ,god3 ,yahwe our ,god1 ,h[ sublime is ?y "n 9 all ! e>?1 ,?\ :o ha/ plac$ ?y glory ^u ! heav5s4 --,v]se #b4 ,yet h[ /range t ! great ,god ( ! univ]se %\ld h reveal$ himself to ! weak *ildr5 ( ,israel4 ,x is assur$ly ! k ( ,god z ! creator ( ! heav5s t is to ov]come arrogant rebellion aga9/ ,god1 su* rebellion z actually prevails 9 ! psalmi/'s _w4 ,may x n be true t ! great ,god ha? *os5 ?r\gh ! te/imony ( ! humble to conf\nd ! mighty3 ,out ( ! m\? ( babes & suckl+s ?\ has e/abli%$ /r5g? ,to br+ to sil5ce ! enemy & ! rebel4 ,b h[ m>vel\s ?is condesc5sion ( ,god to /oop to man 9 8 weakness1 & !n :at a m>vel\s place ,god has giv5 man 9 ! univ]se6 ,! psalmi/ feels fir/ ! insignificance ( man3 ,z ,i look at ?y heav5s1 ! f9e workman%ip ( ?y f+]s1 ,! moon & ! />s :i* ?\ ha/ %ap$1 ,:at is man t ?\ %\ld'/ rememb] him8 ,ev5 ! son ( man t ?\ %\ld'/ c>e = him8 --,v]ses #d-e4 ,!n1 h[ev]1 he pays tribute to ! place t ,god has giv5 man3 ,yet ?\ ha/ made him b a little l[] ?an ,god1 ,& cr[ne/ him ) glory & honor1 ,?\ cause/ him to rule ov] ! works ( ?y h&s2 ,ev]y?+ ha/ ?\ plac$ b5ea? 8 feet1 ,%eep & ox5 all ( !m1 ,& also ! bea/s ( ! field1 ,! birds ( ! heav5s & ! fi% ( ! sea1 ,t :i* passe? on ! pa?s ( ! sea4 --,v]ses #f-i4 ,& n[ 9 recognition bo? ( ! glory ( ,god reveal$ 9 ! heav5s & also ( ! goodness ( ,god to man1 ! psalmi/ aga9 exclaims out ( ! fullness ( 8 he>t3 ,yahwe our "l1 ,h[ sublime is ?y "n 9 all ! e>?4 ,psalm #h takes a unique position among ! ,old ,te/am5t hymns ( praise4 ,x is address$ altoge!r 9 ! second p]son to ,yahwe1 & to t ext5t takes on ! =m & nature ( a pray]4 ,b x has no sugge/ion ( a petition1 nor does x make any def9ite ef=t to express gratitude4 ,x has some?+ ( ! reflective attitude1 z x seems to pond] ov] man's place 9 ! univ]se1 b x is assur$ly n a tea*+ nor a wisdom psalm4 ,x has be5 ma9ta9$ by "s s*ol>s t ! fir/ two & la/ two l9es 7 meant to be sung by a *orus1 :ile ! body ( ! hymn is a solo4 ,h[ev]1 x is m natural to suppose t 9 ! use ( ! plural1 8,yahwe our ,"l10 ! psalmi/ is simply recogniz+ himself z "o ( ! _m foll[]s ( ,yahwe1 r ?an t a *oir is s++4 ,! tru? is t ! psalm is int5sely individuali/ic & dom9at$ f beg9n+ to end by ! feel+ ( adoration = ,yahwe1 ! ,hebrews' ,god & only ,god1 ^: "n is glori\s 9 all ! e>?4 ,x is a hymn ( praise1 b "o t /&s ap>t because ( ! orig9ality & beauty ( its lit]>y =m1 & ! s9c]ity & pr(undity ( ! spiritual exp]i5ce t inspir$ x4 ,*apt] ,v ,,hebrew ,,hymns ,,9 ,,praise ,,( ,,sacr$ ,,in/itutions ,b !re 7 9 ,hebrew religi\s poesie n only hymns 9 praise ( deity1 b also hymns 9 praise ( sacr$ in/itutions4 ,especially prom95t 7 hymns 9 praise ( ! sanctu>y4 ,naturally h[ev]1 only ^? t 7 writt5 9 praise ( ! temple 9 ,j]usalem1 or c\ld be s int]pret$ _h a *ance = survival1 & ( ^? we h 9 ! ,psalt] only #hd1 #abb1 #dh1 & #hg4 ,x is be/ to beg9 ) ,psalm #hd1 = x repres5ts a transition /age betwe5 ! psalm ( lam5tation & petition & ! hymn ( praise4 ,9 great "p ,psalm #hd is address$ 9 ! second p]son to deity1 & x actually has1 9 v]ses #i1 #aj1 a petition = ,yahwe's favor4 ,! reque/ 9 ^! v]ses is n explicit1 yet ! context1 especially v]ses #c & #aa1 makes x cle> t our psalmi/1 l ! au?or ( ,psalms #db-dc1 e>ne/ly desires ! privilege ( wor%ipp+ 9 ! temple4 ,moreov] ! petition ( v]ses #i1 #aj is re9=c$ by a pr(ession ( devotion 9 v]ses #aa-ac t corresponds to ! affirmation ( fai?1 s *>act]i/ic a feature ( ! pray] ( supplication4 ,9 s f> ?is psalm is also itself a psalm ( lam5tation & supplication4 ,on ! o!r h& v]ses #b-h are ess5tially an expression ( devotion to ! temple3 ,h[ lovely is ?y dwell+1 ,o ,yahwe ( ho/s6 ,longe?1 yea fa9te? my s\l ,= ! c\rts ( ,yahwe2 ,my he>t & my fle% cry out unto ! liv+ ,god4 --,v]ses #b-c4 ,he envies ! birds :i* ne/ 9 ! temple 7v]se #d71 ! prie/s :o are cont9ually 9 ! sanctu>y prais+ ,god1 & ! m5 :o1 by ,god's favor1 are privileg$ to pilgrimage to ,j]usalem1 to pass f ramp>t to ramp>t1 & to behold ,god 9 ,zion4 ,psalm #hd !re=e des]ves to be gr\p$ ) ! hymns 9 praise ( ! temple4 ,z ,psalm #hd has k9%ip ) ! psalms ( lam5tation & supplication1 s ,psalm #abb has a c]ta9 k9%ip ) ! psalms ( fai?4 ,9 ! latt] ! psalmi/ has a joy\s confid5ce 9 ,yahwe1 9 ?is psalm he has great joy 9 ! temple & ! holy city4 ,v]ses #a & #b affirm 8 joy 9 ! temple1 & 8 positive int5tion ( att5d+ 9 company ) o!rs ! great fe/ivals3 ,i am glad :5ev] !y say unto me1 ,let u g to ! h\se ( ,yahwe4 ,our feet %all assur$ly /& ,)9 ?y gates ,o ,j]usalem4 ,!n foll[s1 9 v]ses #c-e1 8 praise ( ,j]usalem ! city ( ,david3 ,j]usalem t is built ,z a city compact & solid1 ,:i!r g up ,yahwe's tribes4 ,a law is x = ,israel to give ?anks to ,yahwe's "n1 ,= !re abide ! ?rones ( ju/ice1 ,! ?rones ( ! h\se ( ,david4 ,hav+ ?us prais$ ! city1 ! psalmi/ exhorts o!rs to pray = x3 ,pray = ! peace ( ,j]usalem1 ,may ?y dwell+s prosp]1 ,may peace be )9 ?y walls1 ,prosp]ity 9 ?y palaces4 --,v]ses #f1 #g4 ,! psalm !n closes ) 8 p]sonal prote/ation ( devotion to ! city3 ,= ! sake ( my bre?r5 & companions ,i w say3 8,peace be 9 ,!e40 ,= ! sake ( ! h\se ( ,yahwe our ,god ,i w seek ?y good4 --,v]ses #h-i4 ,x has be5 said above t ?is psalm has "s simil>ity to ! psalms ( fai?4 ,x is possible t x also1 9 v]ses #f-i1 reflects ! influ5ce ( prophetic /yle4 ,b1 s9ce ! _s t animates x is "o ( en?usiasm = ! holy city1 x is be/ class$ among ! hymns ( praise4 ,psalm #dh is also1 9 a s5se1 a transition hymn1 = x praises1 n ,god alone1 b bo? ,god & ! city 9 :i* he dwells4 ,v]se #b praises ,yahwe1 & v]se #c ! city3 ,great is ,yahwe & to be prais$ exce$+ly ,9 ! city ( our ,god on 8 holy m\nta94 ,beautiful = situation1 ! joy ( all ! e>?1 ,is ,m\nt ,zion1 on ! ,nor!rn slope1 ,! city ( ! great ,k+4 ,!n v]ses #d-h record ! city's *ief glory1 t ,yahwe has be5 9 its mid/1 its mighty def5d] aga9/ its foes3 ,god is kn[n 9 h] palaces z a def5se3 ,= lo1 k+s assembl$2 ,!y invad$ h] toge!r2 ,!y saw1 s !y m>vel$2 ,!y 7 tr\bl$1 !y fl$4 ,fe> seiz$ !m !re1 ,z pa9 seizes a woman 9 travail1 ,:ile ?\ did/ %att] !m1 ,z an ea/ w9d ! great m]*antm54 ,our psalmi/ & 8 associates are obvi\sly pilgrims to ,j]usalem4 ,!y _h previ\sly he>d ( su* ev5ts z ! deliv]ance ( ,j]usalem f ,s5na*]ib2 !y h n[ se5 ) _! own eyes ! sacr$ sites :i* te/ify to su* deliv]ances4 ,!y h m$itat$ on ,yahwe's goodness 9 ! holy temple1 & are c]ta9 ( 8 univ]sal fame4 ,!re=e1 !y c bid ,zion & ! t[ns ( ,judah rejoice 9 _! ,god3 ,z we h he>d1 s h we se5 ,9 ! city ( ,yahwe ( ho/s1 9 ! city ( our ,god4 ,god w e/abli% x =ev]4 ,we h ?\ght ,o ,god ( ?y lov+ k9dness ,9 ! mid/ ( ?y temple4 ,z ?y "n ,o ,god1 ,s is ?y praise unto ! ends ( ! e>?4 ,victories fill ?y "r h&4 ,let ,m\nt ,zion rejoice1 ,let ! t[ns ( ,judah be glad ,because ( ?y deliv]ances4 ,x is evid5t t ! clos+ v]ses 7#ac-ae7 mu/ h be5 spok5 9 ,j]usalem1 & x is p]haps equally cle> t !y mu/ h be5 spok51 n by ! pilgrims to resid5ts ( ,j]usalem1 b r by resid5ts ( ,j]usalem1 probably ! temple *oir to ! pilgrims1 exhort+ !m to make _! f9al procession ar\nd ! city1 t !y may "k x & be able to tell ! /ory ( ! city to ! oncom+ g5]ation1 & s inspire 9 !m rev]5ce & loyalty = ! ,god ( _! fa!rs3 ,walk ab\t ,zion & g r\nd h]3 ,c\nt up h] t[]s2 ,give he$ to h] ramp>ts2 ,consid] h] palaces1 ,t y may tell x to ! com+ g5]ation1 ,= ?is ,god is our ,god =ev] & ev]2 ,he w be our guide ev5 unto dea?4 ,b if v]ses #i-ab 7 spok5 by ! pilgrims1 & v]ses #ac-ae by ! temple *oir1 !n x is probable t likewise v]ses #b-d 7 spok5 by ! pilgrims1 & v]ses #e-h by ! temple *oir4 ,?us ,psalm #dh may be consid]$ a liturgical hymn ( praise1 r5d]$ 9 ! temple on "o ( ! great religi\s fe/ivals t br\ght ! pilgrims ( ! diaspora to ! holy city4 ,psalm #hg is a hymn devot$ entirely to ! praise ( ! temple & ! holy city4 ,un=tunately ! text is 9 disord]4 ,probably v]se #e;b %\ld be br\ght back to v]se #a1 & !n ! introductory v]ses #a-c w\ld read3 ,its f\ndation is 9 ! holy m\nta9s1 ,& ! ,mo/ ,high do? su/a9 h]4 ,yahwe love? ! gates ( ,zion ,m ?an all ! dwell+s ( ,jacob4 ,glori\s ?+s he speake? conc]n+ !e1 ,o city ( ,god4 ,! re/ ( ! psalm is exce$+ly difficult4 ,v]se #c leads u to expect a div9e pron\ncem5t reg>d+ ,zion's future glory4 ,9 t day ,egypt & ,babylon1 ,phili/ia & ,tyre1 toge!r ) f> di/ant ,e?iopia1 w recognize x z a di/9ction to be a ,hebrew4 ,v]ses #d & #e p]haps read3 ,i w cause ,egypt & ,babylon to rememb] ?y *ildr51 ,behold ,phili/ia & ,tyre ) ,e?iopia1 ,!y %all say ( ,zion1 8,?is "o & t "o 0 born 9 h]40 ,!n ! psalmi/ in=ms u 7v]ses #f1 #g7 t ,yahwe himself w c\nt up ! scatt]$ ,jews ( ! diaspora1 & !y 9 turn 9 t great day w be pr\dly m9dful ( ! "m city3 ,yahwe w c\nt !m 9 ! mid/ ( ! peoples ,?is "o & t "o 0 born !re2 ,& pr9ces z common p w say ,we %all all make our home 9 !e4 ,two psalms1 #aai & #ai3h-ae1 are 9 praise ( ! ,jewi% law4 ,s9ce ,psalm #aai is an alphabetical psalm1 ea* successive eight l9es beg9n+ ) ! tw5ty-two successive lett]s ( ! ,hebrew alphabet1 its "o hundr$ sev5ty-six l9es are necess>ily a v me*anical & m$iocre production4 ,psalm #ai3h-ae1 on ! o!r h&1 is a mu* f9] piece ( craftsman%ip4 ,! fir/ six l9es 7v]ses #h-aj7 :i* are /rik+ly uni=m 9 /yle1 draw att5tion to six complem5t>y virtues ( ! law4 ,!n f\r l9es 7v]ses #aa-ab7 express 9 g5]al t]ms ! joy t is to be f\nd 9 k ( ! law & ! practical b5efit to be d]iv$ f ob$i5ce to x4 ,v]ses #ac & #ad pres5t 8 humble petition t he be deliv]$ f violat+ ! law unwitt+ly or presumptu\sly1 :ile v]se #ae d$icates ! hymn s c>efully writt51 n to any pr9cely patron b to ,yahwe1 8 /r5g? & r$eem]4 ,ano!r little gr\p ( hymns deals ) ! k+1 :o z ! ano9t$ ( ,yahwe 0 also a sacr$ in/itution4 ,f a mod]n /&po9t h[ev] ,psalm #de is purely secul> 9 "*1 celebrat+ z x does ! k+'s w$d+ day4 ,v]se #b is introductory 9 :i* ! au?or ann\nces himself z a clev] poet4 ,v]ses #c-aj are 9 *>act]i/ically extravagant praise ( ! k+4 ,v]ses #aa-af are devot$ to ! bride1 :ile v]se #ag makes tactful & appropriate ref]5ce to ! pr9ces yet to be born4 ,v]se #ah conclud+ ! poem1 makes ! navely mode/ promise t ! p5 ( ! poet w gu>antee immortal fame to ! k+4 ,psalm #aja is likewise secul>1 = x is evid5tly a k+'s proclamation4 ,z su* x may h be5 us$ 9 ! coronation s]vice 9 ! temple1 & s pres]v$ 9 ! sanctu>y song book4 ,q naturally1 z is always to be expect$1 ! k+ promises to walk uprightly 9 8 own private life1 to *oose wise c\nsellors1 to turn a deaf e> to sl&]]s1 to give protection to hone/ m51 & to suppress ! wick$4 ,psalm #gb might likewise be fitt$ into ! coronation s]vice1 be+ !n ! pray] (f]$ = a j & successful reign4 ,?is w\ld mean translat+ ! successive s5t5ces ( ! psalm f v]se #a to v]se #aa & f v]se #ae to v]se #ag z petitions4 ,?us v]se #b w\ld be translat$3 ,may he judge ?y p ) righte\sness ,& ?y poor ) ju/ice1 & ! o!r v]ses correspond+ly1 & ! psalm w\ld accord+ly be class$ z a pray] ( supplication4 ,on ! o!r h& if ! successive s5t5ces1 ) ! necess>y exception ( v]se #a are to be reg>d$ z pr$ictions ( a glori\s reign1 !n ! psalm is to be reg>d$ z a hymn 9 praise ( ! ,messiah1 or possibly ( an ord9>y k+ :o has j asc5d$ ! ?rone4 ,psalm #aaj & ,psalm #b are cle>ly hymns 9 praise ( ! k+4 ,psalm #aaj br+s to ! k+ 9 v]se #a ! oracle ( ,yahwe3 ,oracle ( ,yahwe to my "l1 sit on my "r h& ,until ,i make ?y enemies my foot/ool4 ,!n 9 v]ses #b-g ! prie/ supplem5ts ?is oracle ) 8 assurance ( ,yahwe's effective support1 & ! k+'s great triumph ov] all 8 enemies4 ,! imag]y describ+ ,yahwe's activity belongs to es*atology1 & we und\bt$ly h "h an es*atological hymn 9 praise ( ! k+4 ,psalm #b is likewise an es*atological hymn1 deal+ ) t same feature ( ! la/ days z ,psalm #aaj1 & ! la/ futile rebellion ( ! nations aga9/ ! w ( ,yahwe & ,yahwe's k+4 ,9 v]ses #a-c "s "o1 p]haps a layman1 asks :y ! nations are s fooli% z to rebel aga9/ ,yahwe3 ,:y d ! nations rage1 ,& ! peoples plan a mad ?+8 ,! k+s ( ! e>? take _! /&1 ,& pr9ces plot toge!r ,aga9/ ,yahwe & aga9/ 8 ano9t$3 8,let u break _! b&s ,& ca/ f u _! cords40 ,!n 9 v]ses #d-e a prie/1 "o :o kn[s ! plan ( ,god1 gives answ]3 ,he t sitte? 9 ! heav5s laughe?2 ,! "l is scornful ( !m4 ,pres5tly he w speak to !m 9 8 ang]1 ,& t]rify !m 9 8 rage3 8,i1 on my "p1 h set my k+ ,^u ,zion1 my holy hill40 ,& n[ x is = ! k+ himself to add a f9al au?oritative ^w conc]n+ ,yahwe's plan1 = to ! k+ himself ,yahwe _h actually spok53 ,i w decl>e ! decree2 ,yahwe said to me3 8,y are my son20 ,i ?is day h adopt$ y4 ,ask me1 & ,i w make ! nations y\r inh]itance1 ,& ! entire e>? y\r possession4 ,y c beat !m ) an iron rod2 ,y c break !m 9 pieces l a pott]'s vessel4 ,yahwe's decree1 be/[+ su* p[] ov] ! nations ^u ,israel's k+1 hav+ ?us be5 made kn[n1 x only rema9$ to advise ! nations to make humble submission to ,yahwe & to ,yahwe's repres5tative ^u ! ?rone 9 ,zion3 ,& n[1 ,o k+s1 be prud5t2 ,take w>n+1 ye judges ( ! e>?4 ,wor%ip ,yahwe ) rev]5ce1 ,submit to him ) trembl+4 ,d homage to ! son1 le/ he be angry & ye p]i%1 ,= 8 ang] is quickly k9dl$4 ,happy are all :o secure 8 protection4 ,"h aga91 z 9 ,psalm #aaj1 because ( ! prom95ce ( ! k+ 9 ?is dramatic sett+ =? ( "o ( ! important features ( ! la/ days1 ,psalm #b mu/ be class$ z an es*atological hymn 9 praise ( ! k+4 ,division ,,ii ,,assyrian ,,hymns ,,( ,,praise ,*apt] ,,vi ,,assyrian ,,hymnal ,,introductions ,,to ,,pray]s ,z 9 ! case ( ! ,hebrew hymns ( praise1 s also x is "r to attempt to see ! ,assyrian hymns 9 relation to ! :ole body ( ,assyrian religi\s poetry4 ,assyrian communities & ,assyrian individuals inevitably _h _! afflictions1 & l _! k9sm5 ! ,hebrews !y call$ out unto deity 9 _! di/resses 9 pray]s ( lam5tation & supplication4 ,!y exp]i5c$ also on v>i\s occasions :at !y believ$ to be deliv]ances out ( _! tr\bles1 & :5 !y c\ld attribute ^? deliv]ances to ! aid ( deity1 !y felt gratitude & express$ _! gratitude by sacrifices & ?anksgiv+ to ! gods4 ,fur!rmore ! ,assyrians felt adoration = deity1 tru/$ 9 deity1 reflect$ ^u ! w ( deity & ! secret ( ! prosp]\s life1 & l _! k9sm5 ! ,hebrews !y /rove to express _! ideas & _! emotions 9 poetry4 ,accord+ly we h 9 ,assyrian religi\s poetry mu* t corresponds to :at is f\nd 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t psalt]4 ,h[ev]1 "o /rik+ diff]5ce betwe5 ,hebrew & ,assyrian religi\s poetry confronts u at ! v outset4 ,! ,hebrew poetry is conc]n$ ) ! "o god ,yahwe1 :ile ,assyrian poetry has to d ) _m gods1 ,%ama%1 ,s91 ,nebo1 ,n9ib1 ,n]gal1 ,adad1 ,nusku1 ,bel1 ,m>duk1 & o!rs4 ,?is might seem to make x v difficult1 if n impossible1 to =m any unifi$ conception ( ,assyrian religion1 or to make any satisfactory comp>ison betwe5 ! psalms ( ,assyrian & ,israel4 ,b f ! beg9n+ !re 7 _m po9ts ( simil>ity betwe5 ! ,assyrian gods ( ! v>i\s city /ates1 :o frequ5tly bore1 to be sure1 diff]5t names1 b :o repres5t$ or 7 associat$ ) ! same objects or =ces 9 nature4 ,fur!rmore ! gr[? ( political unity 9 ,mesopotamia 0 accompani$ !re1 z x has be5 else:]e1 by a gr[? 9 religi\s unity4 ,z "o city ga9$ au?ority ov] o!r cities1 its god n only acquir$ great] pre/ige1 b he also ext5d$ 8 au?ority 9 great] or less] measure ov] ! conqu]$ cities & ov] ! gods ( ^? cities4 ,moreov] he t5d$ to take to himself ! *ief pr]ogatives & attributes ( ! conqu]$ deities4 ,) ! gr[? & organization ( empire !re develop$1 9 ! exaltation ( "o god to a supreme place1 a t5d5cy t[>d mono!ism2 & ) ! inevitable int]*ange ( religi\s ideas a gradually increas+ simil>ity 9 ! attributes & pr]ogatives ( ! *ief gods4 ,especially is x to be recogniz$ t hymnal en?usiasm t5ds to blot out = ! "t ! consci\sness ( o!r deities1 & to exalt 9 wisdom & p[] & goodness ! deity :i* is be+ wor%ipp$1 s t = ! mom5t ! attitude ( ! wor%ipp] may be practically t ( a mono!i/4 ,accord+ly ! _m names = deity h relatively little significance2 !y (f] no s]i\s ob/acle to ! /ud5t :o w\ld comp>e ! religi\s ideas & exp]i5ces ( ,mesopotamia ) ! religi\s ideas & exp]i5ces ( ,israel4 ,"h aga91 h[ev]1 x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ! lit]ature ( ,assyria :i* has surviv$ is only a small fraction ( t :i* once exi/$1 & :at we n[ h owes its survival 9 "p1 to be sure to m]it1 b 9 "p also to m]e *ance4 ,nev]!less suffici5t lit]ature exi/s to ju/ify two g5]al obs]vations4 ,! fir/ is ?is1 t ! close/ correspond5ce betwe5 ,assyrian & ,hebrew religi\s poetry is to be f\nd 9 ! psalms ( lam5tation & supplication1 :i* repres5t & express only ! l[e/ level ( religi\s exp]i5ce 9 ! ,hebrew psalms4 ,! second g5]al obs]vation is t :ile ,hebrew religi\s poetry develops1 & cle>ly diff]5tiates into indep5d5t lit]>y species1 ! ,assyrian religi\s poetry does n a*ieve s full a developm5t1 nor s cle> a diff]5tiation4 ,! "o explanation ( ?is fact w\ld seem to be t ,assyrian religion did n g s f> 9 emancipat+ itself f sup]/ition & =malism1 & 9 a*iev+ a l(ty conception ( deity & a pr(\nd religi\s exp]i5ce4 ,c]ta9 x is t ,assyria did n develop to ! same degree z did ,israel ! indep5d5t pray] ( ?anksgiv+1 ! indep5d5t psalm ( fai?1 ! indep5d5t wisdom psalm1 nor ! indep5d5t hymn ( praise4 ,! numb] ( ,assyrian hymns copi$1 translit]at$1 & translat$ by ,assyriologi/s1 is betwe5 sixty & sev5ty4 ,! numb] c n be def9itely fix$1 s9ce _m texts are b m]e fragm5ts because ( ! break+ & m>r+ ( ! clay tablets4 ,! fact t s _m hymnal compositions are incomplete necess>ily makes ! task ( int]pret+ ! individual hymns & ( arriv+ at well f\nd$ g5]al conclusions mu* m difficult4 ,! sixty odd hymns1 x may be ( int]e/ n[ to note1 are di/ribut$ among ! ,assyrian deities z foll[s3 ,m>duk #ad1 ,n]gal #h1 ,%ama% #g1 ,n9ib #g1 ,i%t> #f1 ,s9 #e1 ,adad & ,nusku #c ea*1 ,nebo1 ,bel1 & ,belit two ea*1 ,enlil1 ,as%ur1 ,s>panitum1 ,damk9a "o ea*4 ,p]haps ! mo/ important g5]al fact ab\t ! ,assyrian hymns is t ! great majority ( !m are address$ directly to ! deity 9 ! second p]son1 :i* is ! usage ( pray]4 ,moreov] a v l>ge proportion ( ^! c n be call$ indep5d5t lit]>y compositions1 s9ce !y are foll[$ by1 & are introductory to1 pray]s1 or magical c]emonies1 or ! (f]+ ( sacrifices4 ,9 "s cases ! pray] is mu* long] ?an ! hymn1 :ile 9 o!rs ! pray] %r9ks to a v brief petition1 c\*$ 9 g5]al t]ms4 ,?is has occasion$ mu* confusion ( t]m9ology1 "s call+ a poem a hymn1 o!rs nam+ x a pray]4 ,x is necess>y !re=e at ?is po9t to attempt to di/+ui% cle>ly betwe5 ! hymn & ! pray]4 ,! purpose ( ! hymn is to praise ! deity & ! emotion beh9d ! hymn is en?usiasm = ! great & glori\s god2 = 8 p[]1 = 8 wisdom1 = 8 great a*ievem5ts4 ,! g5u9e hymn1 accord+ly1 is objective r ?an subjective4 ,! pray]1 on ! o!r h&1 is conc]n$ ) ! relation%ip ( wor%ipp] & deity4 ,! wor%ipp] is 9 tr\ble & looks to ! deity = =giv5ess1 or prosp]\s & turns to ! deity ) gratitude4 ,! pray] is accord+ly subjective r ?an objective4 ,9 ! hymn1 ! deity is prom95t2 9 ! pray] ! wor%ipp]4 ,pray]s are mo/ naturally address$ to ! deity 9 ! second p]son1 :ile ! hymn1 9 :i* ! wor%ipp] rec$es into ! backgr\nd & ! ?\ght is ( ,god alone1 w\ld m naturally employ ! ?ird p]son4 ,s9ce !n ^! ,assyrian hymns are 9 ! second p]son1 :i* is ! usage ( pray]1 & s9ce ! va/ majority ( ^! hymns are actually foll[$ by pray]s1 x is be/ to beg9 ) ! hymns :i* are cle>ly only hymnal introductions to pray]s1 & !n to pass by way ( ^?1 9 :i* ! petition is second>y & unimportant1 to t :i* approa*es ! g5u9e indep5d5t hymn4 ,x seems at lea/ possible t ! ,assyrian hymn is an evolution f ! hymnal introduction ( ! pray]s4 ,beg9n+ !n ) class ,i ( ,assyrian hymns1 ! hymnal introductions to pray]s1 x is to be fur!r obs]v$1 t ^! pray]s are temple pray]s4 ,m>duk ,no4 #i has f\rte5 l9es ( directions = ! p]=mance ( c]ta9 c]emonies1 aft] :i* ! prie/ is in/ruct$ to take ! h& ( ! sick man & repeat ! psalm1 ( :i* l9es #ag to #dd are ! hymnal portion1 & #de to #id ! pray] prop]4 ,s also ,m>duk ,no4 #ab /ates 9 l9es #a to #e ( ! text t ! ,urugallu prie/ is to arise 9 ! fir/ h\r ( ! night on ! second day ( ,nisan1 wa% 9 riv] wat]1 put on a l95 g>m5t1 & repeat ! psalm2 ( :i* l9es #f to #bh are hymnal1 #bi to #cb petition ! favor ( ! deity = ! city ,babylon & ! temple ,esagila4 ,9 a hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #aa1 ! connect+ l9k betwe5 ! hymnal portion & ! petition is3 8,i1 ! ,urugallu prie/ ( ,ekur1 w\ld speak ! favorable ^w40 ,a hymn to ,i%t> ,no4 #c is foll[$ by an enum]ation ( ! sacrifices = ! goddess & ( pres5ts = ! temple s]vants4 ,above all1 ! hymns are 9 su* a uni=m & =mal /yle1 & ! gods are s frequ5tly address$ z lords ( su* & su* temples t "o is compell$ to look to ! temple z ! bir?place & home ( _m ( ^! ,assyrian hymns4 ,x is altoge!r natural t !re %\ld be a hymnal introduction to ! temple pray]4 ,! ,assyrian god 9 8 temple is z ! k+ 9 8 palace4 ,he mu/ n be approa*$ abruptly or brusquely4 ,inde$ ! ,assyrian gods are k+s1 que5s1 pr9ces4 ,consequ5tly ! =mal c\rt /yle is us$ 9 address+ !m4 ,x is n us$ rigidly 9 all hymns1 b x is ! norm f :i* x is advisable to take our dep>ture4 ,an example ( ?is =mal c\rt /yle is ,n]gal ,no4 #a4 ,o "l mighty & exalt$1 fir/ born ( ,nunammir1 ,pr9ce ( ! ,annunaki1 "l ( ! battle1 ,(fspr+ ( ,kutu%>1 ! mighty que51 ,o ,n]gal1 /rong "o ( ! gods1 d>l+ ( ,n9n5na4 ,?\ treade/ 9 ! high heav5s1 l(ty is ?y place4 ,?\ art great 9 ,hades1 !re is none l !e ,) ,ea1 9 ! multitude ( ! gods1 is ?y c\ncil prem95t4 ,) ,s9 9 ! heav5s ?\ see'/ ?r\gh ev]y?+4 ,giv5 !e has ,bel1 ?y fa!r ! black head$ race1 all liv+ creatures1 ,! liv+ creatures ( ! field he has entru/$ to ?y h&4 ,assyrian hymns ( class ,i c be divid$ into two portions1 ! fir/ portion1 ! invocation1 ! second portion1 ! ascription ( praise4 ,x is especially ! invocation 9 :i* ! c\rt /yle is se54 ,e memb] at ! c\rt ( a mon>*y has an (ficial title1 be t memb] k+1 que51 pr9ce or noble4 ,t title consi/s fir/ ( all 9 ! l9eage or g5ealogy by virtue ( :i* he has 8 rank4 ,s x is ) ! ,assyrian deity4 ,?us ! hymn to ,nebo ,no4 #a beg9s3 ,o "l1 fir/ born ( ,m>duk1 ,o ,nebo l(ty (fspr+ ( ,s>panitum4 ,a hymn to ,n9ib ,no4 #a3 ,o /rong son1 fir/ born ( ,bel1 ,great p]fect son ( ,is>a4 ,a hymn to ,n]gal ,no4 #a3 ,o "l1 mighty & exalt$1 fir/ born ( ,nunammir1 ,pr9ce ( ! ,annunaki1 "l ( ! battle4 ,(fspr+ ( ,kutu%>1 ! mighty que51 ,n9n5na1 ,o ,n]gal1 /rong "o ( ! gods1 d>l+ ( ,n9n5na4 ,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #g3 ,o mighty1 p[]ful1 /rong "o ( ,eridu1 ,o noble1 exalt$1 fir/-born ( ,ea4 ,j z ! k+'s title includes m5tion ( ! prov9ces & c\ntries ov] :i* he holds sway1 s ! god is to be address$ z "l ( ^? cities & temples1 9 :i* he is recogniz$ & honor$4 ,nebo is3 ,"l ( ,ezida1 protection ( ,borsippa4#a ,m>duk is3 ,m>duk1 ! mighty1 :o cause? ,itura to rejoice2#b ,"l ( ,isagila1 help ( ,babylon1 lov] ( ,ezida4 ,s9 is3 ,fa!r ,nann>1 "l ( ,ur1 *ief ( ! gods1#c ,fa!r ,nann>1 "l ( ,egissirgal1 *ief ( ! gods4 ,nusku is3 ,god ( ,nippur1 lead] & c\nsellor ( ! gods4#d ,! sway ( ! gods 0 ext5d$ h[ev] f> beyond _! temples & temple cities4 ,m>duk is n m]ely 8,k+ ( ,ezida1 "l ( ,ema*tila10 he is 8,m>duk1 "l ( ! l&s10 & 8,m>duk1 k+ ( heav5 & e>?40#e ,s also ,i%t> is 8,i%t>1 que5 ( all peoples1 directress ( mank9d02#f :ile ,%ama% is3 ,%ama%1 k+ ( heav5 & e>?1#g ,rul] ( ?+s above & bel[4 ,x w\ld be expect$ t ! gods w\ld h (ficial duties at ! heav5ly c\rt1 & t ^! (fices w\ld be includ$ 9 _! titles4 ,oppos$ to ?is1 h[ev]1 mu/ h be5 ! t5d5cy ( ! wor%ipp]s to exalt _! own special deity to a supreme position2 & ?is w\ld t5d to br+ ) x ! elim9ation ( all titles t w\ld sugge/ a subord9ate position1 & !y w\ld be incl9$ at ! same "t to attribute to _! own deity ^? (fices1 = :i* o!r deities 7 fam$4 ,nebo h[ev] is address$ z ,nebo1 be>] ( ! tablets ( de/9y ( ! gods1 director ( ,esagila4#h ,nusku is3 ,protector ( ! sacrificial gifts ( all ! ,igigi1#i ,mess5g] ( ,anu1 :o br+s ,bel's comm&s to fulfilm5t4 ,f\nd] ( ! cities1 r5ew] ( ! sanctu>ies1#aj a title q appropriate = an e>?ly k+ b seem+ly r incongru\s :5 appli$ to a god4 ,x is ,nusku1 lead] & c\nsellor ( ! great gods1#aa ,n9ib is ,n9ib1 mighty god1 w>rior1 pr9ce ( ! ,annunaki1 comm&] ( ! ,igigi4#ab ,x may be said "h t we probably owe to ! c\rt /yle ! ev] recurr+ adjectives3 8/rong10 8mighty10 8p[]ful10 8p]fect10 8unique10 8glori\s10 8noble10 8exalt$10 & su* n\ns z 8rul]10 8gov]nor10 8judge10 8"l10 8pr9ce10 8k+10 :i* h be5 transf]r$ f ! e>?ly sov]eigns to ! gods !y wor%ipp$4 ,"h too x may be po9t$ out t x is altoge!r 9 h>mony ) c\rt /yle t ! god's pr[ess z a w>rior1 or wisdom z a c\nsellor1 or e?ical virtues z a rul] %\ld be express$ 9 8 titles1 ev5 z su* qualities h be5 express$ 9 ! titles ( e>?ly k+s4 ,n all hymns1 h[ev]1 ( class ,i are1 /rictly speak+1 temple hymns4 ,! ,assyrian deities 7 n limit$ to _! temples & ! cities ov] :i* _! sway ext5d$4 ,!y 7 also id5tifi$ ) natural =ces & ! heav5ly bodies1 ! sun1 ! moon & ! />s4 ,! ,babylonians & ,assyrians 7 impress$ by ! glory ( ! ris+ & ! sett+ sun1 ! beauty ( ! wax+ & wan+ moon2 by ! brilliancy ( ! ev5+ /> & ! planets & by ! gr&eur ( ! ?und]-/orm4 ,c]ta9 ph5om5a also _h _! deep significance4 ,an eclipse ( ! moon might well bode disa/] = k+ & c\rt & l&4 ,! ris+ ( ! sun 0 ! auspici\s mom5t = ! bani%+ ( all ! demons & all ! p[]s ( d>kness4 ,accord+ly we h a gr\p ( hymns :i* d n belong s mu* to ! temple z to ! great out-(-doors4 ,9 o!r words !y are nature hymns4 ,!y h su* invocations z ! foll[+3 ,o "l1 *ief ( ! gods1 :o alone is exalt$ on e>? & 9 heav54#ac or ?us3 ,o ,s91 ,o ,nann>1 mighty "o1#ad ,s9 :o art unique1 ?\ t bright5e/ ,t give? light unto ! nations1 or ?is3 ,s>panitum1 %9+ />1 dwell+ 9 ,endul1#ae ,/ronge/ ( ! goddesses1 ^: clo?+ is ! light2 ,:o crosse/ ! heav5s1 :o passe/ ov] ! e>?1 ,s>panitum ^: /ation is l(ty4 or ?is3 ,"l1 illum9ator ( ! d>kness1 op5] ( ! face ( heav5#af or ?is3 ,to ,nusku mighty "l 7l(ty7 judge1#ag ,%9+ ,light1 illum9ator ( ! night1 god 444 ,! foll[+ fir/ l9es ( a hymn are nei!r invocation nor ascription1 yet h[ naturally does an appeal made to ! sun-god = free+ ( ! k+ f ! ban re/+ ^u him1 at ! mom5t ( ! scatt]+ ( d>kness be=e ! ris+ sun1 beg9 ) su* an hymnal introduction1 z ?is3 ,o ,%ama%1 :5 out ( ! great m\nta9 ?\ come/ =?1#ah ,out ( ! great m\nta91 ! m\nta9 ( ! spr+s1 ?\ come/ =?1 ,:5 out ( ! m\nta91 ! place ( de/9ies1 ?\ come/ =?1 ,:]e heav5 & e>? meet toge!r out ( ! heav5's f\ndations1-- ,s f> we h be5 deal+ ) ! fir/ portion ( ! hymnal introduction1 namely ! invocation4 ,we h se5 t ! c\rt /yle w\ld prescribe t ! god be address$ by 8 prop] title1 :i* includes 8 l9eage & 8 sov]eignty ov] temple & city1 or 8 exalt$ place 9 nature1 or bo?4 ,naturally h[ev] :5 ! sway ( ! god ext5d$ f> beyond temple & city to all l&s1 to heav5 & e>?1 x 0 n s necess>y to salute ! god z "l ( city & temple4 ,& simil>ly :5 ! god 0 exalt$ to a supreme position among ! gods1 ! matt] ( p$igree became second>y4 ,p]haps ?is expla9s ! %ort5+ ( ! invocation 9 c]ta9 hymns to a s+le l9e3 7,holy7 ,i%t>1 h]o9e among goddesses1#ai ,?y seat 444 9 ! mid/ ( ! bright heav5s1 or ev5 to a s+le ^w ,"l1 w>like art ?\1 p]fect 9 und]/&+ ?ro' ?yself1#bj ,n9ib1 w>like art ?\1 p]fect 9 und]/&+ ?ro' ?yself1 ,%ama%1 :5 out ( ! great m\nta9 ?\ come/ =?#ba ,%ama%1 f ! f\ndation ( ! heav5s ?\ %9e/ =?#bb ,on ! o!r h&1 x 0 easy to exp& indef9itely ! invocation f its natural l5g? ( f\r to six l9es1 until ! invocation became itself hymnal praise ( ! god4 ,s ) ,s9 ,no4 #e :]e ! hymnal invocation to ,s9 cov]s #bc l9es4 ,foll[+ ! invocation 9 ! hymnal introductions ( ,assyrian pray]s is ! ascription ( praise1 j z mod]n pray]s frequ5tly beg9 ) ! elem5ts ( invocation & ascription4 ,! ascription ( praise may be q simil> 9 cont5t1 b :ile ! invocation assumes c]ta9 attributes ( ! deity z already recogniz$ & kn[n by ev]yone & z hav+ become (ficial titles ( ! deity1 ! ascription def9itely assigns virtues or attributes to ! deity4 ,! invocation consi/s ( phrases & adjectival clauses3 x makes no /atem5t4 ,x is simply an ext5d$ nom9ative ( address4 ,! ascription consi/s ( indep5d5t s5t5ces1 ass]t+ c]ta9 attributes ( ! deity4 ,x is altoge!r natural t ! humble wor%ipp]1 approa*+ ! god1 %\ld assign to t god greatness & wisdom & au?ority & might1 = ?is n only pleases ! god1 b also t5ds to awak5 sympa?y = ! helpless & suff]+ suppliant1 & rem9ds ! deity ( 8 responsibility = ! wor%ipp]s4 ,m p>ticul>ly x is also to be expect$ t ! wor%ipp] assigns ^? special virtues or p[]s to ! deity1 to :i* he is ab\t to make 8 appeal4 ,man posits 9 ,god t :i* corresponds to 8 own ne$4 ,accord+ly1 correspond5ce betwe5 ! ascriptions & ! petitions %[ ! unity ( ! :ole composition & indicate t x is a pray]4 ,frequ5tly ! suppliant is a sick p]son1 & s naturally ref]5ce is made to ! p[] ( ! deity to heal3 ,%ama%1 to give life to ! dead1 to loos5 ! captive is 9 ?y h&4#bc ,:]e ?\ do/ reg>d1 ! dead live1 ! sick arise1 ,! afflict$ is sav$ f 8 affliction1 behold+ ?y face4#bd ,! cause ( 8 mis=tune1 ! ,babylonian seeks n 9 natural causes1 b 9 ! displeasures ( ! deity1 & ?is displeasure may be due to s94 ,to ,n9ib he prays3 ,free me f s91 remit ! transgression1#be ,take ! %ame away1 remove ! s9 & ?is petition is made to ! god ( :om he says 9 ! ascription3 ,f him :o s9 possesses ?\ do/ remove ! s91#bf ,! man ) :om 8 god is angry ?\ art quick to favor4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! wor%ipp] feels t he has be5 unju/ly treat$1 !n he appeals to ! ju/ice ( ,god3 ,! law ( all m5 ?\ directe/4 ,et]nally j 9 ,heav5 art ?\4 ,! j wisdom ( ! l&s art ?\4 ,! pi\s man ?\ kn[e/1 ! evil man ?\ kn[e/#bg ,%ama% honors ! head ( ! j man2 ,%ama% r5ds ! evil man l a ?ong2 ,%ama%1 ! support ( ,anu & ,bel1 art ?\2 ,%ama%1 l(ty judge ( heav5 & e>? art ?\4 ,"h foll[s ! plea = ! heal+ ( ! k+4 ,z heal+ ( sickness 0 a magical p]=mance1 magical p[]s are attribut$ to ! gods1 9 ! hymnal introduction4 ,?us3 ,heav5 & e>? are ?9e2 ,! space ( heav5 & e>? is ?9e2#bh ,! magic ( life is ?9e2 ,! spittle ( life is ?9e2 ,! pure incantation ( ! ocean is ?9e4 ,9 a ,nusku magical text ,no4 #c ,nusku is address$ z3 ,mighty 9 battle1 ^: attack is p[]ful1 ,nusku1 :o burns up & conqu]s ! fire & !re foll[s 9 ! petition3 ,burn ! sorc]] & ! sorc]ess2 ,may ! life ( my sorc]] & my sorc]ess be de/roy$4 ,9 ,s9 ,no4 #d ! suppliant is "o ) :om 8 god & goddess 7 angry1 ^u :om de/ruction & ru9 _h come1 ^: he>t 0 d>k5$ & s\l tr\bl$4 ,x is appropriate t he %\ld say to 8 god1 ,! fall5 "o :om ?\ seize/ ?\ raise/ up2 ,a judgm5t ( "r & ju/ice ?\ judge/4 ,! fall5 "o :om ?\ seize/ ?\ raise/ up2 ,a judgm5t ( "r & ju/ice ?\ judge/4 ,he :o has s9 ?\ =give/ quickly ! s92 ,him aga9/ :om 8 god is angry ?\ reg>de/ ) favor4 ,9 ,m>duk ,no4 #ab ! petition3 ,to ?y city ,babylon %[ favor corresponds to ! ascription3 ,bel1 ?y dwell+ is ,babylon1 ,borsippa ?y cr[n4 ,x has be5 se5 9 ! case ( ! invocations t !y v>y 9 l5g? f a s+le ^w to tw5ty-?ree l9es1 & x is fairly obvi\s t ! increas+ l5g? ( ! invocation gives x m & m ( hymnal "*4 ,!re is a simil> v>iation 9 ! l5g? ( ! ascriptions4 ,!re are "s ( a s+le l9e3 ,?y "n is altoge!r good 9 ! m\? ( ! p4#bi ,?y "n is 7spread7 9 ! m\? ( m51 ,o protect+ ,god1#cj ,among all gods ?y deity is prais$4 ,9 o!r hymnal introductions ! ascription is ?ree1 six1 eight1 elev51 & m l9es 9 l5g?4 ,z ! ascription increases 9 l5g?1 & z ! lam5t & petition ( ! pray] likewise dim9i% 9 l5g?1 & z ! ascription ( praise *anges 9 "*1 no long] correspond+ to ! petitions ( ! suppliant1 we get ! evolution ( ! hymn4 ,9 ! well-kn[n pray] to ,i%t> 7,no4 #g71 ! hymnal introduction consi/s ( ?irty-sev5 l9es4 ,9 x occur su* rhetorical que/ions z3 ,:]e is ?y "n n he>d1 :]e n ?y decrees8 ,:]e are ?y images n made1 :]e are ?y temples n f\nd$8 ,:]e art ?\ n great1 :]e art ?\ n exalt$8 ,anu1 ,enlil & ,ea h exalt$ !e2 among ! gods h !y increas$ ?y dom9ion4 ,yet ! la/ l9es ( ?is same hymn are p>ticul>ly suitable to a pray] ( lam5tation & petition3 ,:]e ?\ do/ reg>d1 ! dead live1 ! sick arise2 ,! afflict$ is sav$ f 8 affliction1 behold+ ?y face & ?is same hymn to ,i%t> op5s ) ! words3 ,i pray unto !e1 lady ( ladies1 goddess ( goddesses1 ,fur!rmore1 9 ! hymnal portion is imb$d$ a lam5t ( f\r l9es1 ) ! refra93 ,h[ long wilt ?\ t>ry8 ,!re=e ?is psalm1 al?\gh conta9+ hymnal mat]ial ( exceptional beauty1 is a s+le composition1 a pray] ) a hymnal introduction4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,m>duk ,no4 #d has sixte5 l9es extoll+ ! exploits ( ! w> god1 :5 ! text breaks (f4 ,! break+ ( ! text makes a decision difficult1 b z !re is no indication 9 any ( ! ascriptions ( praise t a pray] is to foll[1 "o w\ld be incl9$ to pron\nce x a fragm5t ( a hymn r ?an ( a pray]4 ,m>duk ,no4 #a is actually foll[$ by a pray] ( an individual1 b s9ce ! hymnal portion consi/s ( ?irty-eight l9es describ+ 9 l>ge measure my?ical feats ( ! god1 "o is almo/ ju/ifi$ 9 reg>d+ ?is hymnal portion z an indep5d5t hymn4 ,on ! bord] l9e betwe5 pray] & hymn is ,s>panitum ,no4 #a4 ,! petition is a v g5]al "o1 ask+ favor = ! wor%ipp]1 ! k+ & ! sons ( ,babylon3 ,to ! s]vant :o graci\sly calls ^u ?y "n1 be graci\s2 ,= ! k+ :o fe>s !e det]m9e a good fate2 ,to ! sons ( ,babylon give g5]\sly4 ,x w\ld seem t ?is petition might be little m ?an a pi\s conclusion1 or ev5 a po/script to ! hymn4 ,if ?is be true1 !n ! ma9 purpose ( ! psalm is t ( praise1 & "o mu/ class x among ! hymns1 rememb]+ h[ev] t x is an evolution f ! hymnal introduction ( ! pray]4 ,v simil> is ! case ( ,s9 ,no4 #e4 ,9 ?is psalm are tw5ty-?ree l9es ( invocation1 fifte5 l9es ( ascription1 & elev5 l9es ( petition4 ,moreov] ! portion :i* we h call$ ascription op5s ) a c\plet ( "q & answ]3 ,:o is exalt$ 9 heav51 ?\ alone art exalt$2 ,:o is exalt$ on e>?1 ?\ alone art exalt$4 ,?is c\plet is foll[$ by eight l9es 9 praise ( ! ^w ( ,s91 express$ h[ev] 9 ! second p]son1 n ! ?ird4 ,un=tunately1 ! translation ( f\r ( ! rema9+ l9es is s unc]ta9 t no conclusion c be drawn f !m z to ! nature ( ! :ole psalm4 ,h[ev]1 ! petition at ! close is a g5]al "o 9 behalf ( temple & city1 & ! call+ ^u ! v>i\s gods ( ! pan!on to placate ,s9 is a recognition ( ! supreme place ( t deity4 ,"h aga9 !n1 z 9 ! case ( ! hymn to ,s>panitum1 we h a hymn1 /&+ at ! end ( ! l9e ( developm5t ( ! hymnal introductions4 ,we h left ( ! hymns ( ,class ,i1 two hymns :i* h no petition at ! close4 ,! fir/ ( ^!1 h[ev]1 ! hymn to ,enlil1 may be reg>d$ z introductory to ! (f]+ ( sacrifices4 ,nev]!less x is practically an indep5d5t hymn & sung1 z ! conclusion %[s1 by a congregation3 ,fa!r ,enlil1 ) song maje/ically we come4 ,! hymn to ,%ama% 7,no4 #g7 is unique among ! ,assyrian hymns1 because ( its l5g?1 be+ f\r hundr$ & tw5ty-f\r l9es4 ,! /yle is uni=m ?r\gh\t4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ! poem l9e f\r is a repetition ( l9e two1 & l9e ?ree simply adds ! "n ,%ama% to l9e "o4 ,z 9 o!r hymns s "h ! god's "n is held back f ! fir/ l9e 9 ord] t x may be ins]t$ ) great] emphasis 9 ! second l9e4 ,"h too !re are repeat$ invocations to ! god1 t is we h an invocation & ascription ( praise1 !n a second invocation & ascription ( praise4 ,?r\gh\t ! poem ne>ly e l9e is complete by itself & !re is no /rophic arrangem5t4 ,nor are !re rhetorical que/ions1 nor que/ions & answ]s1 to relieve ! monotony4 ,portions ( x read l wisdom lit]ature3 ,he :o receives n a bribe1 :o has reg>d = ! weak1 ,%all be well pleas+ to ,%ama%1 he %all prolong 8 life1 ,! judge1 ! arbitr] :o gives righte\s judgm5t1 ,%all complete a palace1 a pr9cely abode = 8 dwell+ place4 ,he :o gives money at usury1 :at does he pr(it8 ,he *eats himself ( ga91 he empties 8 purse4 ,^! two features1 ! great l5g? ( ! hymn & ! pres5ce ( ^! wisdom passages w\ld seem to indicate a late & some:at blas developm5t ( ! hymn4 ,n great en?usiasm = ! deity1 b sob] reflection & ! pi\s wi% to say ev]y?+ possible ab\t ! deity controll$ ! writ]4 ,! complete abs5ce ( any magical elem5t1 :e!r ( c]emonies or pray]s1 %[s t !re mu/ h be5 a consid]able hymnal lit]ature ( :i* un=tunately we are n 9 possession4 ,we h se5 t ! great majority ( ,assyrian hymns are address$ 9 ! second p]son to deity1 :i* is ! usage ( pray]2 t ! temple is ! home ( ^! hymns b t a few ( !m might be call$ ,nature hymns2 t !y may be divid$ into two portions1 ! invocation & ! ascription ( praise2 t !y are writt5 9 ! c\rt /yle1 employ+ ! honorific titles ( royalty & nobility2 t ) v few exceptions !y are foll[$ by petitions = div9e help1 & t ! ascriptions ( praise are frequ5tly s word$ z to be little else ?an introductory to su* petitions2 t1 z ! hymnal portion is l5g!n$1 & z ! lam5t & petition are %ort5$ until !y disappe> entirely1 we h ! evolution ( ! hymn2 t x beg9s ) some?+ approa*+ flatt]y ( ! god1 z introductory to ! appeal = aid1 & develops into a g5u9e expression ( adoration = deity4 ,! invocation ( ! ,assyrian hymn corresponds 9 a loose way to ! call to praise ( ! ,hebrew hymn1 & ! ,ascription ( praise corresponds mu* m closely to ! body ( ! ,hebrew hymn4 ,x exalts ! deity z be+ great 9 ! mid/ ( ! gods1 z be>+ a glori\s "n1 z possessor ( temples & cities1 & z rul] ov] wide areas1 z ! creator & pres]v] ( ! physical univ]se1 & z be+ himself wise1 & p[]ful1 & m]ciful1 a k+ & judge among gods & m54 ,clos] att5tion w be giv5 to ! cont5t ( ! ,assyrian hymn :5 comp>+ t cont5t ) ! cont5t ( ! ,hebrew hymns ( praise4 ,x ought to be obs]v$ t 9 _m in/ances ! ,assyrian hymnal introduction to pray] is cle>ly atte/$ to be ! vehicle ( individual r ?an congregational wor%ip4 ,9 c]ta9 hymns we h examples ( god address+ god 9 hymnal language1 & 9 connection ) o!r hymns !re are directions = ! prie/ to repeat himself bo? hymnal introduction & ! petition :i* foll[s x4 ,moreov] 9 ! petition :i* foll[s ! hymnal introduction a space is frequ5tly left = ! ins]tion ( ! "n ( ! suppliant4 ,/ill m important is ! fact t 9 ! hymnal introductions !mselves ! fir/ p]sonal pron\n frequ5tly occurs3 ,i pray unto !e1 lady ( ladies1 goddess ( goddesses4#ca ,i rev]5ce ?y "n1 ,m>duk1 p[]ful "o ( ! gods1#cb ,reg5t ( heav5 & e>?4 ,"l1 lead] ( ! ,igigi1 ,i am ob$i5t to ?y ^w4#cc ,/rong "o1 glori\s "o1 begott5 ( ,nunammir ,:o art clo!d ) sublimity1 p[]ful "o ,i w praise ?y "n4#cd ,on ! o!r h& !re is b "o example ( ! actual use ( ! fir/ p]son plural 9 ! hymnal introductions3 ,fa!r ,enlil ) song maje/ically we come1 ,! pres5ts ( ! gr\nd are (f]$ to !e z sacrifice4#ce ,x is n cont5d$ t ! hymnal introductions are /rongly individual 9 "*1 %[+ ! m>ks ( individual orig9ality & g5ius2 on ! contr>y !y are on ! :ole r /]eotyp$ & monoton\s 9 _! sam5ess3 nei!r is x urg$ t ! god ( ^! hymnal introductions seems to be 9 any v m>k$ way ! god ( ! individual human be+1 b t ! hymnal pray] does provide a way = ! individual to approa* deity 9 ! sanctu>y1 & t wor%ip 0 accord+ly individual z well z social4 ,= v _m ( ! ,assyrian ,hymnal ,introductions !re is no cle> & c]ta9 way ( det]m9+ :e!r ! hymn is congregational or individual1 al?\gh ! g5]al "* ( ! titles & attributes ascrib$ to deity sugge/s 9 _m in/ances ! social r ?an ! individual hymn4 ,h[ev] we d h two examples ( ! processional hymn4 ,above we quot$ ! fir/ two l9es ( a tw5ty-five l9e ,sum]ian processional hymn to ,enlil4 ,9 ?is case ! wor%ipp]s are advanc+ into ! sanctu>y br++ ) !m _! sacrificial gifts3 ,o "l ( ,sum] figs to ?y dwell+ we br+4 ,we h ano!r spl5did example ( a processional hymn 9 ! hymn to ,m>duk1 ,no4 #ac4 ,x is a hymn ( ?irty-sev5 l9es1 ( :i* ! fir/ ?irty l9es welcome ! god to 8 temple1 :ile ! la/ sev5 l9es implore 8 favor = ! cities ( ,nippur & ,sipp> & especially = ,babylon & 8 temple ,esagila3 ,?y city ,nippur ca/ n away let h] cry to !e3 ,o "l peace4 ,sipp> ca/ n away let h] cry to !e3 ,o "l peace4 ,babylon ! city ( ?y peace ca/ n away let h] cry to !e3 ,o "l peace4 ,look graci\sly ^u ?y h\se look graci\sly ^u ?y city let !m cry to !e3 ,o "l peace4 ,?is hymn 0 sung :ile ! great god1 ,m>duk 0 be+ conduct$ 9 triumphant procession to 8 temple3 ,return "l1 on ?9e entrance into ?y h\se1 may ?y h\se rejoice 9 !e4 ,9 ! fir/ ?irty l9es ?is pi\s wi% is repeat$ ) a succession ( titles = ! deity4 ,!n n only ! city1 b ! great ,gods "o by "o greet ,m>duk1 wi%+ him on 8 entrance into 8 h\se peace4 ,b processional hymns 7 also sung :5 ! god 0 c>ri$ =? f ! temple3 ,arise1 come out1 ,o ,bel ! k+ expects !e4 ,arise1 come out1 our ,belit ! k+ expects !e4 ,bel comes out f ,babylon ! l&s b[ be=e him4 ,s>panitum comes out fragrant inc5se is burn$4 ,ta%mitum comes out frank9c5se full ( cypresses is burn$4 ,x has be5 m5tion$ t a common motif = praise 0 ! possession ( sanctu>ies4 ,x is ( int]e/ t out ( su* hymnal l9es z ! foll[+ develop$ ! indep5d5t hymn 9 praise ( ! sanctu>y3 ,?y h\se ,izida is a h\se incomp>able2#cf ,?y city ,borsippa is a city incomp>able4 ,9 ,ekur1 ! h\se ( fe/ivals1 is ?y "n exalt$4#cg ,9 ,ekur1 ! temple ( hol9ess1 exalt$ are 8 decrees4#ch ,9 ,m>duk ,no4 #g & ,bel ,no4 #a we h two fragm5ts ( hymns :i* app>5tly 7 devot$ entirely to ! praise ( ! sanctu>y1 z ^! two hymns are n address$ 9 ! second p]son to deity1 ! discussion ( !m is po/pon$ = a lat] section4 ,x is also ( int]e/ t hymnal l9es 9 praise ( ! div9e ^w t5d$ to develop into ! indep5d5t hymn 9 praise ( ! ^w4 ,su* l9es are3 ,?y ^w1 :5 x ext5ds to ! sea ! sea is fright5$2#ci ,?y ^w1 :5 x ext5ds to ! m>% ! m>% lam5ts4 ,?y ^w1 :5 x is proclaim$ 9 heav51 ! ,igigi pro/rate !mselves4#dj ,?y ^w1 :5 x is proclaim$ on e>?1 ! ,annunaki kiss ! gr\nd4 ,?y ^w1 :5 x s\nds on high l a /ormw9d1 makes food & dr9k to ab\nd4 ,?y ^w1 :5 x s\nds ov] ! e>?1 vegetation spr+s up4 ,?y ^w1 x makes fat /all & /able1 x multiplies liv+ creatures4 ,?y ^w1 x causes tru? & righte\sness to arise s t m5 speak ! tru?4 ,?y ^w1 x is l ! di/ant heav51 ! hidd5 und]world1 :i* no man c see4 ,?y ^w1 :o c "k x1 :o c comp>e 7any?+7 ) x4 ,be=e conclud+ ?is *apt] on ,assyrian hymnal introductions to pray]s1 x is well to give "o complete example ( su* a hymn1 ! home ( :i* 0 ! sanctu>y3 ,/rong son1 fir/ born ( ,bel1#da ,great p]fect (fspr+ ( ,is>a1 ,:o art clo!d ) might1 :o art full ( fury1 ,/orm god1 ^: onslaught is irresi/ible1 ,mighty is ?y place among ! great gods1 ,9 ,ekur1 ! h\se ( fe/ivals1 is ?y head exalt$4 ,bel ?y fa!r has grant$ !e ,t ! law ( all ! gods ?y h& %\ld hold2 ,?\ r5d]e/ ! judgm5t ( mank9d2 ,?\ leade/ him t is )\t a lead]1 ! man t is 9 ne$2 ,?\ graspe/ ! h& ( ! weak1 ?\ raise/ up him t is b[$ d[n2 ,! body ( ! man t to ! l[] _w has be5 br\ght d[n ?\ do/ re/ore4 ,f him :o s9 possesses ! s9 ?\ do/ remove2 ,! man ) :om 8 gu>dian god is angry1 ?\ art quick to favor4 ,n9ib1 pr9ce among ! gods1 a w>rior art ?\4 ,!re foll[s a petition = ! =giv5ess ( s9s4 ,! foll[+ hymn1 :i* belongs n s mu* to ! sanctu>y z to ,nature1 is ( peculi> int]e/ because ( ! light x ?r[s ^u ,psalm #ai3dj-f4 ,"h inde$ ! ,sun god n only runs 8 c\rse b is 9 v tru? a bridegroom1 & has 8 t5t1 &1 refre%$ by ! banquet he has enjoy$1 is /rong to run 8 race3 ,%ama%1 at ?y entrance into ! mid/ ( heav51#db ,may ! door ( ! pure heav5 greet !e1 ,may ! gate ( heav5 bless !e2 ,may ju/ice1 ?y belov$ mess5g]1 direct ?y way2 ,9 ,eb>ra ! seat ( ?y sov]eignty1 let ?y sublimity %9e1 ,may ,ea1 ?y belov$ wife1 come be=e !e ) joy1 ,may ?y he>t be at re/1 ,may = ?y div9ity a banquet be prep>$4 ,%ama%1 w>rior h]o1 be prais$4 ,"l ( ,eb>ra1 may ?y c\rse be guid$ aright1 ,walk ! /raight pa?1 g ^u ! c\rse p]man5tly fix$ = y4 ,%ama%1 judge ( ! _w1 det]m9] ( its decisions art ?\4 ,! foll[+ delightful fragm5t ( a hymn to ,%ama% seems to belong ev5 m to ,nature's out ( doors ?an ! prec$+ hymn3 ,beg9n+ ( tablet brok54 ,"l1 illum9ator ( ! d>kness1 op5] ( ! face ( heav5#dc ,m]ciful ,god1 :o raise/ up ! l[ly1 :o protecte/ ! weak1 ,= ?y light wait ! great gods ,! ,annunaki all ( !m gaze ^u ?y face ,! mortals all toge!r z a s+le individual ?\ leade/4 ,expectant ) rais$ head !y look = ! light ( ! sun2 ,:5 ?\ appe>e/ !y exult & rejoice2 ,?\ art _! light unto ! ends ( ! di/ant heav54 ,( ! wide e>? ! object ( att5tion art ?\2 ,!re gaze ^u !e ) joy num]\s peoples4 ,text breaks (f4 ,correspond+ to ?is hymn to ! ,sun ,god1 ! foll[+ hymn to ! ,moon ,god1 ,s91 is likewise v beautiful3 ,o ,s91 ,o ,nann>1 mighty "o1#dd ,s9 :o art unique1 ?\ t bright5e/1 ,t give/ light unto ! nations1 ,t unto ! human race art favorable1 ,bright is ?y light 9 heav51 ,brilliant is ?y flame l ! fire god4 ,?y brightness fills ! broad e>?2 ,! mortals rejoice1 !y gr[ /rong :o see !e4 ,o ,anu ( ! heav5s ^: purpose no man und]/&s1 ,ov]:elm+ is ?y light l ,%ama% ?y fir/ born2 ,be=e ?y face ! great gods b[ d[n1 ! fate ( ! _w is det]m9$ by !e4 ,*apt] ,,vii ,,assyrian ,,antiphonal ,,hymns ,!re is also among ! ,assyrian hymns address$ 9 ! second p]son to deity a gr\p ( hymns1 :i* are di/+ui%$ by refra9s1 frequ5t repetitions ( a phrase or clause1 or m>k$ p>allelisms ( l9es4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 9 mo/ cases v difficult to "k :e!r ! hymn is actually antiphonal or n4 ,n]gal ,no4 #d is a hymn fragm5t ( t5 l9es4 ,= ! fir/ eight l9es1 ! second half ( ea* l9e is ! refra93 8,de/roy] ( ! ho/ile l&10 :ile ! fir/ half ( ea* l9e gives a sep>ate title ( ! god4 ,?us3 ,w>rior rag+ flood 4441 de/roy] ( ! ho/ile l&2 ,w>rior1 "l ( ! und]world1 de/roy] ( ! ho/ile l&2 ,god t come/ =? f ,%itlam1 de/roy] ( ! ho/ile l&2 ,great /e]1 mighty "l1 de/roy] ( ! ho/ile l&4 ,"o w\ld be incl9$ to sugge/ t a prie/ *ant$ ! fir/ half l9e & a *oir ! refra94 ,! difficulty is t else:]e we h su* refra9s :]e an individual is ! speak]4 ,9 a hymn to ,ramman 7,no4 #c7 ,enlil ?us address$ 8 son ,ramman3 ,?\1 ,o my son1 ?\ /orm ) all see+ eyes1 ,?\ /orm god ) vision f on high2 ,ramman1 ?\ /orm1 ,?\ /orm god ) vision f on high2 ,?\ /orm :o l ! sev5 demons flie?1 ,?\ /orm god ) vision f on high4 ,/orm1 may ?y sonor\s voice give =? its utt]ance1 ,?\ /orm god ) vision f on high4 ,! lightn+ ?y mess5g] s5d =?1 ,?\ /orm god ) vision f on high4 ,! next five l9es1 /ill cont9u+ ! message ( ,enlil to 8 son1 has ! refra93 8,:o c /rive ) !e40 ,my son1 g =?1 g up1 :o t come? c /rive ) !e8 ,if ! foe d h>m1 ! fa!r is ov] !e1 :o c /rive ) !e8 ,) ! small hail /ones ?\ art skillful1 :o c /rive ) !e8 ,) ! great hail /ones ?\ art skillful1 :o c /rive ) !e8 ,let ?y small & great /ones be ^u him1 :o c /rive ) !e8 ,s9ce ^! two refra9s are bo? 9 a passage spok5 by an individual1 x mu/ be conclud$ t 9 ?is hymn at any rate ! refra9 is us$1 n = antiphonal r5d]+1 b = impressiv5ess1 p]haps = magical p[]4 ,9 ! light ( ! above fact1 x is altoge!r possible t ! refra9 occurr+ eight times 9 ! invocation to ,s9 7,s9 ,no4 #e7 may h be5 recit$ by ! prie/1 & n by ! *oir 9 antiphonal response to ! prie/4 ,! refra9 diff]s f ! prec$+ examples 9 t ! titles ( deities :i* l5d v>iety to ! l9es are imb$d$ 9 ! middle ( ! refra93 ,fa!r ,nann>1 "l ,an%>1 *ief ( ! gods2 ,fa!r ,nann>1 "l great ,anu1 *ief ( ! gods2 ,fa!r ,nann>1 "l ,s91 *ief ( ! gods2 ,fa!r ,nann>1 "l ( ,ur1 *ief ( ! gods2 ,fa!r ,nann>1 "l ( ,egi%irgal1 *ief ( ! gods2 ,fa!r ,nann>1 "l ( ! ti>a1 brilliant "o1 *ief ( ! gods2 ,fa!r ,nann>1 ^: rule is p]fect1 *ief ( ! gods2 ,fa!r ,nann>1 :o do/ g =? 9 ! robe ( maje/y1 *ief ( ! gods4 ,a fragm5t ( a hymn to ,nebo 7,nebo ,no4 #b7 has 9 a passage ( five l9es yet a diff]5t use ( ! refra94 ,! refra9 :i* makes up ! second half ( ea* l9e is v>i$ 9 ?ree l9es by ! introduction ( a new ^w f ! fir/ half l9e3 ,o "l1 ?y might is a might incomp>able2 ,o ,nebo1 ?y might is a might incomp>able2 ,?y h\se ,ezida is a h\se incomp>able2 ,?y city ,borsippa is a city incomp>able2 ,?y di/rict ( ,babylon is a di/rict incomp>able4 ,! c>ry+ =w>d 9 ! refra9 ( ! important ^w ( ! fir/ half l9e does sugge/ v =cibly t an individual *ant$ ! fir/ half l9e1 & a *oir ! second half l9e4 ,! same arrangem5t w\ld hold = ! c\plet t foll[s ! above l9es1 ! second l9e ( ! c\plet be+ a response to ! fir/4 ,?y weapon is a dragon f ^: m\? no poison fl[s2 ,?y weapon is a dragon f ^: m\? no blood sprays4 ,b m]e arrangem5t 9 c\plets & close p>allelisms seems insuffici5t to prove ! pres5ce ( responses1 = 9 a hymn to ,nebo 7,nebo ,no4 #d7 x is ,nusku :o speaks1 ?\gh ! c\plet w\ld sugge/ a response3 ,"l1 w>like art ?\1 p]fect 9 und]/&+ ?r\gh ?yself1 ,n9ib1 w>like art ?\1 p]fect 9 und]/&+ ?r\gh ?yself4 ,likewise ! prie/1 we are in=m$1 speaks 9 ! foll[+ c\plet3 ,bel1 to :om 9 8 /r5g? !re is no equal1 ,bel1 graci\s k+1 "l ( ! l&s4 7,m>duk ,no4 #ab47 ,s also ! hymnal introduction ( ! two foll[+ c\plets is to ! pray] ( an individual3 ,?\ treade/ 9 ! high heav5s1 l(ty is ?y place2 ,?\ art great 9 ,hades !re is none l !e4 ,) ,ea 9 ! multitude ( ! gods is ?y c\nsel prem95t ,) ,s9 9 ! heav5s ?\ see'/ ?r\gh ev]y?+4 7,n]gal ,no4 #a47 ,!re are two long hymns to ,n]gal 7,n]gal ,no4 #e & ,no4 #f7 9 :i* ! antiphonal response seems to be a c]ta9ty4 ,9 ,n]gal ,no4 #e ! response1 com+ 9 ! second l9e1 consi/s ( ! words3 8,god ,n]gal0 foll[$ by an additional ^w or phrase borr[$ f ! prec$+ l9e4 ,w>rior ^: t]ribl5ess 444 ,god ,n]gal1 ,w>rior2 ,pr9ce ( ! %9+ face & flam+ m\? 444 ,god ,n]gal1 ,pr9ce ( ! ,%9+ ,face2 ,legitimate son1 favorite ( ,bel1 ,great ,gu>dian 444 ,god ,n]gal1 ,legitimate ,son2 ,*ief ( ! great gods ,clo!d 9 gr&eur & spl5dor 444 ,god ,n]gal1 ,*ief2 ,mighty "o ov] ! ,annunaki ,^: spl5dor is t]rify+ 444 ,god ,n]gal1 ,mighty ,"o ,"l ( ! rais$ head1 ,l(ty "o1 favorite ( ,ekur 444 ,god ,n]gal1 ,"l ( ! ,rais$ ,head ,high "o ( ! great gods ,^: judgm5t & decision 444 ,god ,n]gal1 ,high ,"o ,l(ty giant ,:o spitte/ out poison 444 ,god ,n]gal1 ,l(ty ,giant ,( gigantic size ) t]rible limbs1 rag+ demons to "r & left ( him1 ,god ,n]gal1 ( ,gigantic ,size ,( trem5d\s p[]1 ^: bl[ is effective1 cr\*es a demon at 8 side1 ,god ,n]gal1 ( ,trem5d\s ,p[]2 ,great sword god1 at ! noise ( ^: feet ! b>r$ h\se op5s1 ,god ,n]gal1 ,great ,sword ,god ,"l :o goe? ab\t by night1 to :om bolt$ doors op5 ( !mselves1 ,god ,n]gal1 ,"l ,:o ,goe? by ,night2 ,w>rior 8 :ip cracks & m5 cry3 8,! noise ( 8 weapon0 ,god ,n]gal1 ,w>rior ,8 ,:ip ,cracks2 ,p]fect "o1 ^: /r5g? is ov]:elm+ 444 ,god ,n]gal1 ,p]fect ,"o2 ,combatt] ( ! enemy ( ,ekur1 ! foe ( ,duranki ?\ combatte/1 ,god ,n]gal1 ,combatt] ( ! ,enemy2 ,frightful "o1 rag+ fire god 444 ,god ,n]gal1 ,frightful ,"o2 ,/orm flood :i* ov]:elms ! disob$i5t l& 444 ,god ,n]gal1 ,/orm ,flood :i* ,ov]:elms4 ,tablet breaks (f4 ,s9ce ! second l9e ( ea* ( ! tw5ty-five c\plets above beg9s ) ! words3 8,god ,n]gal0 &1 !n adds ! fir/ ^w or phrase ( ! prec$+ l9e1 x may be call$ a refra9 ) v>iations4 ,moreov] x w\ld seem probable t a prie/ *ant$ ! long] fir/ l9e1 & a *oir ! second l9e 9 response4 ,n]gal ,no4 #f op5s ) an introductory c\plet3 ,flood wat]+ ! h>ve/ kn[s any "o ?y "n8 ,p[]ful "o1 flood wat]+ ! h>ve/ kn[s any "o ?y "n8 ,?is usage ( repeat+ ! fir/ l9e & add+ a ^w to x1 sugge/s t ! second l9e 0 repeat$ ) great] emphasis1 & possibly by a *oir 9 response to a prie/4 ,aft] ?is introductory c\plet !re foll[ elev5 c\plets ) a d\ble refra91 made up ( ! fir/ half l9es ( ea* c\plet4 ,?us3 ,p[]ful "o1 mighty "o1 "l ( ! k+dom ( ! dead1 ,mo/ mighty "o1 div9e scion ( ,%itlam2 ,p[]ful "o1 great /rong /e]1 ,mo/ mighty "o1 "l ( ,gu%idi2 ,p[]ful "o1 rul]1 div9e pr9ce ( ,ere*1 ,mo/ mighty "o1 "l ( ,ku?a4 ,= ! elev5 su* c\plets "o is incl9$ to surmise a *oir *ant+ ! refra9s1 & a prie/ ann\nc+ ! titles ( ! deity4 ,?is seems m probable ?an t "o *oir repeat$ ! fir/ l9e & a second *oir ! second l9e4 ,aft] two ord9>y c\plets1 m>k$ only by fairly close p>allelism1 !re foll[s a triplet 9 praise ( ! incomp>able god3 ,"l :o is l !e :o rivals !e8 ,mo/ mighty "o :o is l !e :o rivals !e8 ,n]gal :o is l !e :o rivals !e8 ,) ! *ange ( ! invocation f 8,"l0 to 8,mo/ mighty "o0 to 8,n]gal0 ! l9es und\bt$ly gr[ 9 int5sity until ! "n ,n]gal1 :i* is held back until ! ?ird l9e1 w\ld be ?und]$ =? 9 t ?ird l9e ) ! greate/ en?usiasm4 ,"h aga9 x seems highly probable t a *oir *ant$ ! refra93 8,:o is l unto !e1 :o rivals !e80 ,! second "p ( ?is hymn consi/s ( eighte5 l9es 9 c\plets & triplets 9 praise ( ! ^w ( ,n]gal4 ,! ease ) :i* ! second half l9e foll[s f ! fir/ half l9e sugge/s t "h ! prie/ *ant$ ! fir/ half l9e1 & a *oir ! second half l9e4 ,9 ?is same class ( ,antiphonal hymns belong two hymns ) a v]itable d9 ( repetitions4 ,! fir/ is ,s9 ,no4 #c4 ,x op5s ) ! =mal invocation3 ,?\ ^: glory 9 ! sacr$ boat ( heav5 is self creat$1 ,fa!r ,nann> "l ( ,ur1 ,fa!r ,nann> "l ( ,ekissirgal1 ,fa!r ,nann> "l ( ! new moon4 ,"l ,nann> fir/ born son ( ,enlil4 ,x is easy to suppose t a prie/ *ant$ ! entire fir/ l9e1 & t a *oir *ant$ ! fir/ half l9es ( ! next f\r l9es :ile ! prie/ suppli$ 9 ! second half l9es ! titles ( ! deity4 ,!re foll[s :at might be reg>d$ z an imitation ( ! huzzas ( a cr[d welcom+ a sov]eign4 ,"h x is welcom+ ! asc5t ( ! moon god 9 ! heav5s3 ,:5 ?\ asc5de/1 :5 ?\ asc5de/1 ,:5 be=e ?y fa!r be=e ,bel ?\ art glori\s1 ,fa!r ,nann> :5 ?\ art glori\s1 :5 ?\ pursue/ ?y way1 ,:5 9 ! boat t 9 ! heav5s asc5de/ ?\ art glori\s1 ,fa!r ,nann> :5 unto ,esaguz ?\ m\nte/1 ,fa!r ,nann> :5 l skiff ^u ! floods ?\ asc5de/1 ,:5 ?\ asc5de/1 :5 ?\ asc5de/1 ?\ :5 ?\ asc5de/1 ,9 ?y ris+ & 9 ?y completion ( ?y c\rse1 yea 9 ?9e asc5sion4 ,aft] "o fur!r c\plet ! long subord9ate clause ends1 & ! pr9cipal /atem5t is made3 8,hail ?\ t 9 ! maje/y ( a k+ daily rises40 ,9 ! above1 ! clause3 8:5 ?\ asc5de/0 is repeat$ n9e times & may well h be5 %\t$ by ! *oir or conc\rse ( wor%ipp]s4 ,n]gal ,no4 #g is a hymn ) an ev5 great] complexity ( repetitions1 & is some:at sugge/ive ( ! repetitions *>act]i/ic ( ! ,h9du hymns sung to ! accompanim5t ( ! rattl+ ,indian drums4 ,! fir/ f\rte5 l9es are3 ,n]gal's h]oism ,i w praise 7,i w s+7 ,:5 ) a %\t ! h\se ( ! ho/ile l& ! "l attack$1 ,:5 ,%itlam's scion ! h\se ( ! ho/ile l& ! "l attack$1 ,%itlam's scion :o alone is a w>rior1 7,:5 ) a %\t7 ! h\se ( ! ho/ile l& ! "l attack$1 ,:5 ) rejoic+ ! h\se ( ! ho/ile l& ! "l attack$1 ,! great /e] ! /rong "o :o alone is a w>rior1 ,:5 ) rejoic+ ! h\se ( ! ho/ile l& ! "l attack$1 ,:5 ) a %\t ! h\se ( ! ho/ile l& ! "l attack$1 an ox b\nd 9 ! yoke1 ,:5 ,%itlam's scion ! h\se ( ! ho/ile l& ! "l attack$1 8 creative implem5t 444 ,:5 ) a %\t ! h\se ( ! ho/ile l& ! "l attack$1 ^: re$ is 9 process ( gr[?1 ,:5 ! great /e] ! /rong "o ! h\se ( ! ho/ile l& ! "l attack$1 8 rav5 is black1 ,:5 ) a %\t ! h\se ( ! ho/ile l& ! "l attack$1 ,:5 ,%itlam's scion ! h\se ( ! ho/ile l& ! "l attack$1 8 rav5 is :ite4 ,gap 9 text4 ,z to ! r5d]+ ( ?is fir/ "p ( ,n]gal ,no4 #g1 ! fir/ l9e 8,n]gal's h]oism1 ,i w praise1 ,i w s+0 makes x c]ta9 t an individual1 probably a prie/ or a *oir lead]1 sang ! fir/ l9e1 & highly probable t he recit$ ! beg9n+s ( ea* l9e1 & ! new additions to ! l9es1 leav+ to ! *oir to recite ! refra94 ,! ma9 purpose ( ! hymn1 z ann\nc$ 9 ! op5+ l9e1 0 to n>rate ! h]oic exploits ( ! gods 9 w> aga9/ ! enemy4 ,! n>ration 0 sung by ! lead]1 & ! repetitions1 giv+ cl>ity & emphasis1 & possibly magical p[]1 7 evid5tly sung by ! *oir4 ,! second portion ( ! hymn1 z x is cont9u$ beyond ! gap 9 ! inscription until ! tablet breaks (f1 diff]s f ! fir/ "p1 9 t x l>gely lacks ! repetitions1 & 9 t x does n employ ! ?ird p]son ( ! v]b1 b is address$ directly to deity4 ,x belongs accord+ly among ! hymnal introductions4 ,f9ally !re is n[ app5d$ to ?is *apt] ! discussion ( ?ree hymns1 :i* might p]haps be bett] call$ dramatic r ?an antiphonal compositions4 ,! fir/ hymn is ,i%t> ,no4 #f1 & x has ?ree di/9ct p>ts4 ,"p ,i is address$ by ! wor%ipp] to ! deity1 & consi/s ( elev5 l9es4 ,9 l9es #a-g ! wor%ipp] attempts to set =? cle>ly c]ta9 prom95t *>act]i/ics ( ! deity he is seek+3 ,light ( heav51 :i* flames l fire ov] ! e>? ?\ art2 ,goddess :5 ov] ! e>? ?\ /&e/ ,"o :o z ! e>? /&s firm ?\ art2 ,unto !e ! way ( tru? pays homage2 ,:5 ?\ ent]e/ a man's h\se1 ,a leop>d gone =? to seize ! lamb ?\ art2 ,a lion :i* /rides ov] ! pla9s ?\ art4 ,& hav+ ?us /at$ h] attributes1 ! wor%ipp] goes on to summon ! goddess by h] names3 ,/orm+ ,virg9 ,ornam5t ( heav51 ,virg9 ,i%t> ,ornam5t ( heav51 ,?\ :o art adorn$ ) ! brilliancy ( sp>kl+ /ones ,ornam5t ( heav51 ,si/] ( ,%ama% ,ornam5t ( heav54 ,"p ,,ii is ! reply ( ! deity to ! wor%ipp]1 ann\nc+ fir/ 9 a /rophe ( f\r l9es h] appe>ance & ! purpose !re(3 ,to give om5s ,i rise ,i arise 9 p]fection2 ,beside my fa!r to give om5s ,i rise ,i arise 9 p]fection2 ,beside my bro!r ,%ama% to give om5s ,i rise ,i arise 9 p]fection2 ,9 ! bright heav5s to give om5s ,i rise ,i arise 9 p]fection4 ,9 ! next /rophe ( f\r l9es %e expresses h] gratification ov] h] praise1 possibly 9 allusion to ! hymnal l9es j sung by h] wor%ipp] or wor%ipp]s3 ,9 joy ov] my praise1 9 joy ov] my praise ,9 joy a goddess ,i walk pr\dly4 ,i%t> goddess ( ! ev5+ ,i am ,i%t> goddess ( ! ev5+ ,i am4 ,"p ,,ii concludes 9 a /rophe ( sev5 l9es1 ea* l9e sett+ =? a great feat ( ,i%t>'s1 & end+ ) ! clause3 8t is my glory40 ,"h aga9 x is %[n t ! pres5ce ( a refra9 is no c]ta9 pro( ( antiphonal r5d]+1 s9ce ! repetition is 9 ! m\? ( ! individual ,i%t>4 ,"p ,,iii is ! petition4 ,! hymn to ,ramman 7,adad ,no4 #c7 is also a composition 9 ?ree p>ts4 ,"p ,i1 l9es #a-ad is a hymn ( praise address$ 9 ! second p]son directly to ,ramman1 ( :i* ! fir/ t5 l9es are 9 praise ( ! "n ( ,ramman4 ,! l9es are 9 ?ree divisions1 & ! fir/ six l9es end ) ! refra93 8,bull mighty & glori\s1 is ?y "n exalt$ ,god40 ,ramman ! glori\s1 bull mighty & glori\s1 is ?y "n exalt$ ,god2 ,"l ,ramman1 bull mighty & glori\s1 is ?y "n exalt$ ,god2 ,ramman heav5's *ild bull mighty & glori\s1 is ?y "n exalt$ ,god2 ,"l ( ,k>k>1 bull mighty & glori\s1 is ?y "n exalt$ ,god2 ,ramman1 "l ( pl5ty1 bull mighty & glori\s1 is ?y "n exalt$ ,god2 ,companion ( ,"l ,ea bull mighty & glori\s1 is ?y "n exalt$ ,god4 ,! next ?ree l9es introduce v>iety into ! second division1 :ile ! t5? l9e is uni=m ) ! fir/ six1 save = a *ange ( word+ 9 ! fir/ division3 ,fa!r ,ramman "l t ride? ! /orm is ?y "n exalt$ ,god2 ,fa!r ,ramman t ride? ! great /orm is ?y "n exalt$ ,god2 ,fa!r ,ramman t ride? ! great lion is ?y "n exalt$ ,god2 ,ramman lion ( heav5 bull mighty & glori\s is ?y "n exalt$ ,god4 ,! la/ f\r l9es ( ,"p ,i pass ov] f ! praise ( ! "n ( ,ramman to praise ( ! activity ( ! god ( ! /orm3 ,?y "n do? dom9ate ! l&2 ,?y maje/y cov]s ! l& l a g>m5t2 ,at ?y ?und] ! great m\nta9 fa!r ,mullil is %ak52 ,at ?y rumbl+ ! great "m ,n9lil trembles4 ,"p ,,ii ( ?is hymn1 l9es #ae-bf1 is made up ( ,enid's summons to 8 son ,ramman to g up ) sonor\s voice1 ) lightn+1 & ) small & great hail /ones aga9/ ! ho/ile l&4 ,?is section has already be5 discuss$ e>li] 9 ?is *apt]4 ,"p ,,iii is 9 reality a brief conclusion to ! hymn4 ,x relates 9 f\r l9es t ,ramman obey$ ! summons ( ,enlil3 ,ramman gave e> to ! words :i* 8 fa!r spoke to him2 ,! fa!r ,ramman w5t out ( ! h\se /orm ( sonor\s voice2 ,out ( ! h\se1 out ( ! city w5t he up1 ! y\?ful lion2 ,out ( ! city took 8 way ! /orm ( sonor\s voice4 ,! ?ird hymnal composition ( ?is gr\p1 ! s-call$ litany to ,as%ur1 is 9 two p>ts4 ,"p ,i is a long hymn address$ by an individual1 possibly ,as%urbanipal1 to ,as%ur1 ( :i* ! *ief di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ic is ! (t repeat$ v[ ( ! individual to praise ! deity4 ,n9ete5 ( ! tw5ty-two l9es ( ,"p ,i are z foll[s3 ,mighty "l ( ! gods1 all kn[+ "o2 ,p[]ful /ately "l ( ! gods1 det]m9] ( fates2 ,as%ur mighty "l1 all kn[+ "o2 ,p[]ful /ately "l ( ! gods1 det]m9] ( fates2 ,as%ur almighty "o1 "l ( ! gods1 "l ( ! l&s2 ,8 greatness 7,i w praise71 8 sublimity proclaim2 ,! memory ( ,as%ur ,i w glorify1 8 "n ,i w magnify2 ,! sublimity ( him :o dwells at ,ekh>raggalkurra ,i w proclaim2 ,8 might ,i w praise1 to 8 w ,i w submit2 ,he :o dwells at ,as*>ra1 ,as%ur det]m9] ( fates2 ,to reveal 78 glory7 to ! inhabitants ( ! l& ,t lat] g5]ations may le>n ( 8 fame ,i w = ev] praise 8 lord%ip ,mighty "o ) broad und]/&+ pot5tate ( ! gods2 ,mighty creator ( ! heav5s1 build] ( ! m\nta9s2 ,mighty creator ( ! gods1 begett] ( ! goddesses2 ,( great he>t & deep und]/&+ ,o glori\s "o1 ^: "n ar\ses fe>2 ,o ,as%ur1 ^: decrees rea* into ! di/ance4 ,! promise ( ! poet "h to make ! fame ( ,as%ur kn[n to lat] g5]ations corresponds to ! promise ( ! au?or ( ,psalm #de = ! fame ( ! reign+ ,hebrew k+4 ,9 ,"p ,,ii ( ?is litany to ,as%ur1 fir/ ,anu1 ,bel1 & ,ea1 ! lords ( ! gods proclaim ,as%urbanipal z rul] ( ,assyria1 promis+ him _m ye>s ( sov]eignty1 l9es #a-f2 & !n ,as%ur appo9ts him to lord%ip ov] l&s & m51 l9es #g-h4 ,! conclud+ c\plet1 l9es #i-aj is sugge/ive ( ! close relation%ip betwe5 ! fame ( ! k+1 & ! fame ( ! patron god ( ! k+dom4 ,?r\gh ! m\? let x be proclaim$ cont9ually let ! e> he> x1 ,t ,i ,as%ur h nam$ y to lord%ip ov] l&s & m54 ,may ! memory ( ,as%ur be prais$1 8 div9ity be exalt$1 ,s t ! exaltation ( ,as%ur1 ! "l ( lords1 may be kn[n4 ,common to ^! ?ree compositions & ( great int]e/ to ! ,old ,te/am5t /ud5t is ! appe>ance & message ( ! deity1 s9ce !re are p>allels to ?is 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,especially close is ! p>allel to ! decree ( ,yahwe 9 ,psalm #b1 & ! oracle ( ,yahwe 9 ,psalm #aaj4 ,*apt] ,,viii ,,assyrian ,,self-,,laudations ,,( ,,! ,,gods ,9 addition to ! hymnal introductions to pray]s1 & ! antiphonal hymns1 !re 0 9 ,assyrian poesie a di/9ct & notable gr\p ( hymns 9 :i* ! gods praise !mselves4 ,x is ( c\rse presuppos$ 9 ! hymnal introductions t ! gods desire & welcome ! praise ( m54 ,! gods d praise "o ano!r4 ,enlil prais$ ,ramman 9 ! hymn to ,ramman ,no4 #b :i* 0 discuss$ 9 ! la/ *apt]4 ,also ,nusku praises ,n9ib 9 ,n9ib ,no4 #d3 ,nusku ! l(ty mess5g] ( ,bel 9 ,ekur met him1 ,unto ,"l ,n9ib greet+ he spoke3 ,"l w>like art ?\1 p]fect 9 und]/&+ ?r\gh ?yself1 ,n9ib w>like art ?\1 p]fect 9 und]/&+ ?r\gh ?yself4 ,?y dazzl+ brilliancy cov]s ,bel's h\se z a g>m5t4 ,?y wagon1 because ( its ?und]+ noise1 ,at its go+ %akes heav5 & e>?2 ,at ! rais+ ( ?y h& d>kness /ret*es itself out4 ,! ,annunaki1 ! great gods are t]rifi$4 ,s9ce ! gods ?us welcome ! praise ( gods & m51 !re is no reason :y ! ,assyrian god %\ld n appe> to proclaim 8 greatness & to *all5ge ! admiration ( gods & m54 ,9 ! hymn to ,i%t> ,no4 #f1 :i* 0 /udi$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]1 ! goddess 9 response to ! op5+ hymn ( praise ann\nc$ h] appe>ance to give om5s1 & proclaim$ 9 hymnal l9es h] own glory4 ,b !re are o!r hymns sung by ! gods 9 _! own praise4 ,n9ib ,no4 #e is a fragm5t ( a hymn1 f\rte5 l9es 9 l5g?1 sung by ,n9ib 9 8 own honor4 ,"s ( ! l9es are3 ,k+ :o by day %9es l ,anu ,i am3 ,he :om ,anu 9 h] sov]eign p[] ha? *os5 ,i am4 ,! w>rior1 :o at ! comm& ( ,ea into ! t]rible battle goes1 ,i am4 ,he ^: sov]eignty %9es to ! bord]s ( heav5 & e>? ,i am2 ,! mighty "o among ! gods1 rob$ 9 brilliancy ,i am4 ,simil>ly ,n9ib ,no4 #f is ano!r hymnal fragm5t ( f\rte5 l9es 9 :i* ! deity praises himself4 ,"s ( ! l9es exalt+ 8 pr[ess are3 ,aga9/ my t]rible brilliancy :i* l ,anu is mighty :o raises himself8 ,/orm god ) fifty m\?s my div9e weapons ,i c>ry2 ,a w>rior :o de/roys m\nta9s1 m]ciless /orm ,i c>ry2 ,a weapon l a corpse-eat+ dragon ,i c>ry2 ,m\nta9 de/roy]1 ! heavy weapon ( ,anu ,i c>ry4 ,m impressive is a hymn ( "s fifty l9es1 ?\gh ! tablet is brok5 (f1 sung by ,belit 9 h] own honor4 ,! !me ( ! hymn is ! supremacy ( ,belit4 ,?us %e ann\nces h]self3 ,am ,i n ! daught] ( ,bel8 ,am ,i n supreme8 ,i am ! w>rior4 ,am ,i n ! goddess8 ,! w>like daught] ( ,bel ,i am4 ,! high plac$ daught] ( ,bel ,i am4 ,h] p[] is irresi/ible3 ,! wat]s :i* ,i /ir up d n become cle>2 ,! fire :i* ,i k9dle does n g out2 ,! h\se ( heav51 ! h\se ( e>? unto my h& he has entru/$2 ,! city :i* ,i plund] is n re/or$2 ,! utt]ance ( my exalt$ comm& de/roys ! l& ( ! foe4 ,belit is supreme 9 heav5 & 9 e>?3 ,at ! lift+ ( my h& ! heav5s /& /ill1 & ! l(ty p[]s ( heav5 supplicate me4 ,i am supreme1 ! h& ( him :o cont5ds ) me %all n /& aga9/ my h&4 ,my mighty pace fills ! e>? ,i am supreme1 ! foot ( him :o cont5ds ) me %all n /& aga9/ my foot4 ,:o is !re be=e me8 ,:o is !re beh9d me8 ,f ! lift+ up ( m9e eyes :o c escape8 ,f ! ru% ( my onslaught :o c flee8 ,yet ?is w>like goddess is app>5tly n )\t "s t5d]ness3 ,! exalt$ daught] ( ,bel ,i am1 ,! noble h]o9e ( my fa!r ,s9 ,i am1 ,i am supreme1 ! legitimate wife ( ,ea ,i am1 ,him :o is b[$ d[n ,i lift up1 ! ag$ "o ,i lift up4 ,simil> 9 its !me is a hymn to ,i%t> 7,no4 #d71 = x beg9s ?us3 ,:o is equal to me me8 ,:o is comp>able to me me8 ,goddess ,i am ,i am mi/ress2 ,small & great ,i uproot1 ,i lay l[4 ,%e is l ,belit a goddess ( w>3 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! battle :5 ,i take my place1 ,! he>t ( battle1 ! arm ( valiant c\rage1 ! /r5g? ( h]oism ,i am4 ,beh9d ! battle :5 ,i approa*1 ,a conqu]+ p[] :i* fi]cely attacks ,i am4 ,%e is ! goddess ( ! ev5+ />1 & ( ! e>?'s vegetation1 ! goddess ( f]tility3 ,9 ! heav5s 9 ! ev5+ :5 ,i take my place1 ,! lady :o fills ! firmam5t ( heav5 ,i am4 ,?r\gh my appe>ance fe> is e/abli%$ 9 ! heav5s2 ,?r\gh my radiance ! fi%es are affright$ 9 ! deep4 ,9 ! heav5s ,i take my place1 & s5d ra92 ,9 ! e>? ,i take my place1 & cause ! vegetation to spr+ =?4 ,:o is equal to me me8 ,:o is equal to me me8 ,!re are ?ree /rophes 9 praise ( ! "n ( ! goddess1 beg9n+ ) ! ann\ncem5t ( ! sev5 names ( ! deity1 aft] ?is fa%ion3 ,my fir/ "n is ,i am ,i%t> ,my second "n is ,lady ( ! l&s ,my ?ird "n is ,! l(ty "o :o causes ! heav5s to tremble1 ! e>? to quake2 ,my f\r? "n is ,flam+ fire4 ,! la/ & tw5ty-?ird /rophe is almo/ id5tical ) ! fir/ /rophe1 9 ob$i5ce to ! same in/9ct or arti/ic pr9ciple1 :i* causes ! ,hebrew hymn ( praise to return 9 its conclusion to ! op5+ call to praise3 ,:o is equal to me me8 ,:o is comp>able to me me8 ,i am ,i%t> ,i ,small & great ,i uproot1 ,i lay l[4 ,r effective is ! s+le l9e 9 response to ! hymn ( ! goddess3 ,respl5d5t goddess1 art ?\ n an ov]:elm+ flood8 ,is ?is l9e a pi\s gloss1 ! comm5t ( a dev\t read] ( ! hymn1 or is x an integral "p ( ! hymnal composition8 ,if ! latt]1 !n ?is hymn w\ld belong 9 ! same gr\p ) hymn to ,i%t> ,no4 #f1 ,ramman ,no4 #b1 & ! litany to ,as%ur4 ,!re is a second hymn to ,i%t> 7,no4 #e71 ( :i* ! fir/ l9es are brok5 (f1 & :i* is foll[$ by a prie/'s %ort pray]1 b :i* is spok5 altoge!r by ,i%t> 9 h] own praise4 ,at ! beg9n+ we h a /rophe ( n9e l9es1 f\r c\plets1 & an additional l9e4 ,! fir/ half l9e ( ea* c\plet cont9ues ! same1 8,%e :o 9 ! days ( long ago10 & ! fir/ half l9e ( ! second l9e ( ea* c\plet rema9s j ! "n3 8,i%t>40 ,! second half l9es ( ea* c\plet are almo/ id5tical1 & ! second half ( ea* c\plet diff]s f ! second half ( ! prec$+ c\plet only by ! *ang+ ( a s+le ^w4 ,if ! hymn 7 n 9 ! fir/ p]son1 & ?us put into ! m\? ( ,i%t> h]self1 "o w\ld say t ! fir/ l9e ( ! c\plet 0 recit$ by a prie/1 & t ! second l9e 0 %\t$ by a *oir 9 response3 ,%e :o 9 ! days ( long ago 9 ! e>? 0 magnifi$ am ,i ,i%t> :o 9 ! e>? is magnifi$ am ,i ,%e :o 9 ! days ( long ago 9 all l&s 0 magnifi$ am ,i ,i%t> :o 9 all l&s is magnifi$ am ,i ,%e :o 9 ! days ( long ago 9 ! sanctu>y 0 magnifi$ am ,i ,i%t> :o 9 ! sanctu>y is magnifi$ am ,i ,%e :o 9 ! days ( long ago 9 all sanctu>ies 0 magnifi$ am ,i ,i%t> :o 9 all sanctu>ies is magnifi$ am ,i ,%e :o 9 ! days ( long ago 9 ! holy sanctu>ies is magnifi$ am ,i4 ,!re foll[s a /rophe ( six l9es1 ( :i* ! fir/ half l9es give diff]5t titles ( ,i%t>1 & ! second half l9es h ! refra91 89 ! temple ( my ri*es am ,i40 ,!n aft] ?ree brok5 l9es ?is hymnal composition closes ) a brief petition ( f\r l9es repeat$ by ! prie/ 9 behalf ( ! temple4 ,! five hymns1 j review$1 are all 9 ! nature ( a self-introduction ( ! gods & goddesses z p[]ful1 incomp>able be+s4 ,?is is :at "o w\ld expect4 ,!re is among gods z among k+s a great deal ( rivalry ab\t pre/ige4 ,! ,god mu/ s\nd abroad 8 own glory4 ,beyond t1 h[ev]1 is ! fact t 9 e religion a god mu/ be1 to a l>ge ext5t1 an unkn[n deity4 ,8 self-manife/ations c be only occasional1 & nev] cle>ly appreh5d$ by man1 s t :5 ! god appe>s1 man mu/ necess>ily ask3 8,:o art ?\80 & ! deity mu/ reply1 z did ,n9ib & ,belit & ,i%t>3 8,i am 4440 ,^! self-introductions ( deity inevitably recall to ! m9d ( ! ,old ,te/am5t /ud5t ,yahwe's introduction ( himself to ,moses 9 ,exodus #c3f2 & aga9 ! self-introduction ( ,yahwe t prec$es ! promulgation ( ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts 9 ,exodus #bj3b4 ,especially are !y1 h[ev]1 sugge/ive ( ! repeat$ self-ann\ncem5ts ( deity1 t occur 9 almo/ e *apt] ( ,isaiah #dj-ee4 ,"h also we h aga9 & aga9 ! rhetorical "q1 & ! emphasis ^u ! p[]1 ! wisdom1 ! fame1 & ! incomp>able /atus ( ,yahwe4 ,j a few ( ^! hymnal l9es are "h quot$3 ,:o rais$ up f ! ,ea/ ! man :o is ev] victori\s8 ,:o deliv]s to him ! nations1 & makes him rule ov] k+s8 ,:o ha? inde$ done ?is1 ,he :o calls ! g5]ations f ! beg9n+2 ,i ,yahwe am ! fir/1 & ,i am ! la/1 ,i am he4 --,isaiah #da3 #b1 #d4 ,i am ,yahwe1 t is my "n2 ,i yield my glory to no "o1 nor my praise to idols4 --,isaiah #db3h4 ,i1 ,i am ,yahwe besides me !re is no savi\r2 ,i h =etold & ,i h sav$2 ,i & no =eign god among y1 !reto are ye my witnesses4 --,isaiah #dc3aa;f4 ,i am ,yahwe & !re is none else1 besides me !re is no god4 ,i =m ! light & create d>kness ,i make peace & cause calamity ,i ,yahwe d all ?+s4 --,isaiah #de3e1 #g4 ,^! & a great _m simil> l9es h a good deal ( ! phraseology & ! atmosph]e ( ! ,assyrian hymns ( ,belit & ,i%t>1 & 9 s f> support ! ,babylonian orig9 ( ,isaiah #dj-de1 b !re is 9 ! ,assyrian hymns no su* cle> relation%ip ( ! deity to hi/ory z is *>act]i/ic ( ! ,hebrew hymns 9 ,isaiah #dj-de4 ,!re rema9s ( ,assyrian hymns /ill to be recogniz$ a small & di/9ct gr\p 9 :i* deity is prais$ by man 9 ! ?ird p]son4 ,"o ( ^!1 ,n]gal ,no4 #g1 has be5 includ$ among ! ,antiphonal hymns & already /udi$4 ,t portion1 :i* is 9 ! ?ird p]son is simply n>rative1 ) _m repetitions1 tell+ ( ,n]gal's h]oic attack ^u ! ho/ile l&4 ,x is my?ological & epic mat]ial adapt$ to hymnal purposes4 ,simil>ly ! hymn to ,ramman ,no4 #b 0 includ$ among ! ,antiphonal hymns1 beg9n+ z x does ) f\rte5 l9es spok5 by man 9 praise ( ,ramman1 & cont9u+ ) ,enlil's *>ge to ,ramman 9 ! next twelve l9es4 ,h[ev]1 ?is hymn comes to its conclusion 9 ! next f\r & la/ l9es ) ! use ( ! ?ird p]son1 tell+ h[ ,ramman obey$ ! bidd+ ( 8 fa!r ,enlil3 ,ramman gave he$ to ! words :i* 8 fa!r spoke to him2 ,fa!r ,ramman w5t out ( ! h\se1 ! /orm ( sonor\s voice1 ,out ( ! h\se1 out ( ! city he w5t up1 ! y\?ful lion1 ,out ( ! city he took 8 way1 ! /orm ( ?und]\s voice4 ,beside ?is c be plac$ ! fragm5t ( eight l9es1 ,ramman ,no4 #a4 ,heav5 & e>? quake be=e ,ramman's ang]4 ,! gods flee to ! heights & to ! dep?s be=e ! mighty god ( ! tempe/4 ,?is hymn invites comp>ison ) ,psalm #bi1 ! ,hebrew hymn 9 praise ( ! 8,voice ( ,yahwe03 ,! "l 9 8 fury1 ! heav5s quake be=e him2 ,ramman 9 8 fury1 ! e>? trembles2 ,! great m\nta9s break to pieces be=e him4 ,be=e 8 ang]1 be=e 8 fury1 ,be=e 8 ro>+1 be=e 8 ?und]2 ,! gods ( heav5 to heav5 asc5d2 ,! gods ( e>? to e>? retire2 ,to ! heights ( heav5 !y p5etrate2 ,into ! dep?s ( ! e>? !y ent]4 ,9 ,m>duk ,no4 #d1 foll[+ ! hymnal invocation ( six l9es address$ 9 ! second p]son to ! deity1 !re is a section ( fifte5 l9es mak+ up ! re/ ( ! hymn1 & extoll+ ! greatness ( ,m>duk1 especially 8 might 9 w>4 ,:5 he attacks1 ! heav5s above & ! e>? b5ea? are tr\bl$2 ! gods flee2 8 weapons fla% =? & de/roy m\nta9s4 ,h[ev] ! hymn is n a n>rative ( any ev5t4 ,?\gh ! language is ( a my?1 yet ! poem is n 9 its nature an epic4 ,x is recit$ n to inspire int]e/1 b to ar\se en?usiasm = ! deity4 ,x is ?us1 along ) ,ramman ,no4 #a1 m hymnal 9 "* ?an ! n>rative portions 9 ,n]gal ,no4 #g & ,ramman ,no4 #b3 ,! direction ( conflict & battle is 9 ! h&s ( ,m>duk1 ! lead] ( ! gods2 ,at ^: wra? ! heav5 quakes2 ,at ^: wra? ! deep is tr\bl$2 ,at ! po9t ( ^: weapon ! gods turn back2 ,^: furi\s attack no "o v5tures to oppose2 ,! mighty "l1 to :om !re is no rival 9 ! assembly ( ! gods4 ,9 ! bright firmam5t ( heav51 8 c\rse is p[]ful2 ,9 ,ekur1 ! temple ( hol9ess1 exalt$ are 8 decrees4 ,9 ! /orm w9d 8 weapons blaze =?2 ,) 8 flame /eep m\nta9s are de/roy$4 ,he ov]:elms ! expanse ( ! bill[y ocean4 ,son ( ,es>a is 8 "n1 w>rior ( ! gods 8 title4 ,f ! dep?s is he "l ( ! gods & m54 ,be=e 8 t]rible b[ ! heav5s tremble1 ,:o ! l(ty h\se ( dea?'s %ad[ ov]?r[s & de/roys4 ,9 ! *apt] on ,assyrian ,hymnal ,introductions1 x 0 obs]v$ t 9 ,s9 ,no4 #c & ,s9 ,no4 #e !re 7 hymnal l9es 9 praise ( ! div9e ^w1 address$ directly to deity 9 ! second p]son3 ,?y ^w1 :5 x s\nds ov] ! e>?1 vegetation spr+s up4 ,9 ,m>duk ,no4 #e !re are five hymnal l9es 9 praise ( ! ^w ( deity1 9 f\r ( :i* ! ?ird p]son is us$1 al?\gh "o w\ld hesitate to say t ! hymn ceases to be address$ to deity1 or t ! *ange ( p]son is "h p>ticul>ly significant3 ,?y ^w is a l(ty net :i* ov] heav5 & e>? ?\ spreade/ out4 ,unto ! sea x turns1 ! sea x takes fright4 ,unto ! m>% x turns1 ! m>% lam5ts4 ,to ! flood ( ,euphrates x turns1 ,! ^w ( ,m>duk /irs up ! bottom ,"l1 ?\ art l(ty1 :o equals !e8 ,9 ! hymn to ,n]gal ,no4 #g !re is a l>ge hymnal passage 9 praise ( ! ^w ( deity4 ,x beg9s app>5tly ) ! la/ l9e on ! obv]se side ( ! tablet1 9 :i* ! second p]son ( ! direct address to deity is us$3 ,?y ^w is a l(ty net ,:i* /ret*es out ov] heav5 & e>?4 ,un=tunately ! fir/ l9es on ! rev]se side ( ! tablet are lo/1 b ! l9es :i* rema9 are all 9 ! ?ird p]son1 & unlike ! prec$+ hymn deity is n be+ directly address$4 ,we h "h !n ! hymnal =m :i* is *>act]i/ic ( ! ,hebrew hymn ( praise4 ,x is h[ev] some:at difficult to acc\nt = ?is use ( ! ?ird p]son4 ,possibly x is because ! ^w :5 once spok5 has its indep5d5t exi/5ce1 & _c be recall$1 b goes =? to ex]t its h>mful or helpful influ5ce4 ,consequ5tly 9 ?9k+ ( ! effects to be accompli%$ by ,n]gal's ^w "o c completely =get ,n]gal1 s9ce ! ^w has left ! god beh9d & goes on its own way1 :i!r soev] x 0 direct$4 ,x is to be not$ t ! effects ( ! ^w m5tion$ 9 ?is hymn are all h>mful4 ,!re is no record ( any magical c]emony or magical use ( ! ^w foll[+ ! hymn1 al?\gh ! language ( ! hymn w\ld almo/ seem to be introductory to su* a use ( ! mighty ^w ( ,n]gal4 ,possibly !n x c be conjectur$ t we h actually "h a g5u9e hymn 9 praise ( ! aweful ^w ( deity4 ,! hymn z pres]v$ is z foll[s3 ,?y ^w is a l(ty net :i* /ret*es out ov] heav5 & e>? 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,8 ^w goes to ! se]1 ! se] takes fright2 ,8 ^w goes to ! en*ant]1 ! en*ant] takes fright4 ,8 ^w is ann\nc$ to an afflict$ man1 t man lam5ts2 ,8 ^w is ann\nc$ to an afflict$ woman1 t woman lam5ts4 ,8 ^w :5 x goes s(tly ru9s ! l&2 ,8 ^w :5 x goes p[]fully de/roys ! h\ses4 ,8 ^w is z a clos$ vessel its inn]mo/ ?\ghts :o c le>n8 ,8 ^w is z a cov]$ net 9 :i* he sn>es4 ,8 ^w )9 is n und]/ood1 )\t x tramples d[n2 ,8 ^w )\t is n und]/ood1 )9 x tramples d[n2 ,8 ^w makes ! p sick1 ! p x makes weak4 ,8 ^w :5 x goes on high ! l& makes sick2 ,8 ^w :5 x goes bel[ de/roys ! l&4 ,w>rior ,n]gal1 bel[ he comm&s bel[ he tramples und]foot ,8 ^w :5 !re are five 9 a h\se drives out five2 ,w>rior ,n]gal :5 !re are t5 9 a h\se drives out t54 ,! ^w ( ! "l :5 x ha/5s on high ,i am tr\bl$2 ,! ^w ( ! "l because ( its de/ructiv5ess ,i sit & lam5t4 ,at 8 ^w on high ! heav5s become d>k1 mighty is 8 ^w4 ,x has also be5 obs]v$ 9 ! *apt] on ,hymnal ,introductions1 t 9 ,nebo ,no4 #a !re 0 a c\plet1 & 9 ,n9ib ,no4 #a !re 0 a hymnal l9e1 bo? 9 praise ( ! sanctu>y1 & bo? address$ 9 ! second p]son to deity4 ,fur!rmore !re is 9 ! hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #d1 reproduc$ above 9 ?is *apt] a l9e 9 praise ( ! temple 9 ,ekur3 ,9 ,ekur1 ! h\se ( fe/ivals1 is ?y "n exalt$4 ,beyond ?is we h1 h[ev] two hymnal fragm5ts1 :i* s f> z !y rema9 to u1 are devot$ to ! praise ( sanctu>ies4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is ,m>duk ,no4 #g3 444 day :5 he nam$ ,babylon fai?fully by its "n1 ,! "l ( ! cr[n built at ! door ( ! ocean ! h\se :i* he lov$4 ,! l& ) exultation & joy he fill$2 ,its head l ! heav5s he made high2 ,a h\se at ! door ( ! ocean end[$ ) gr&eur & glory = ! honor ( 8 godhead is suitable4 444 ,nebo & ,s>panitum a glitt]+ sanctu>y inhabit2 444 he caus$ to inhabit a dwell+ ( luxury4 ,tablet breaks (f4 ,! second fragm5t1 hymn to ,bel1 ,no4 #a1 consi/s only ( five l9es1 :i* un=tunately are n altoge!r intelligible4 ,app>5tly ! sanctu>y ( ,enlil is comp>$ fir/ to a m\nta91 ^: peak rea*es to ! heav5s1 & !n to a maje/ic wild ox /ret*$ out 9 ! m\nta9s1 ^: horns glitt] 9 ! rays ( ! sun4 ,^! hymnal fragm5ts recall ! ,old ,te/am5t psalms 9 praise ( ,zion1 & p]haps especially ,psalm #dh3b3 ,beautiful = situation1 ! joy ( all ! e>? ,is ,m\nt ,zion1 on ! nor!rn slope ,! city ( ! great ,k+4 ,! above small gr\p ( hymns are ! only hymns or hymnal passages 9 :i* ! ?ird p]son is exclusively us$4 ,z has be5 se51 ! great majority ( ,assyrian hymns employ ! second p]son & are really only hymnal introductions to pray]s4 ,a small b notable gr\p is made up ( ! self-laudations ( ! gods4 ,on ! o!r h& ! va/ majority ( ,hebrew hymns speak ( ,yahwe 9 ! ?ird p]son 9 _! praise ( him1 & _! praise is dis9t]e/$2 x is n introductory to a petition4 ,x is likewise significant t :]e ,yahwe speaks 9 hymnal praise ( himself 9 ,isaiah #dj-de1 x is to conv9ce despair+1 d\bt+ ,israel ( 8 int5tion & p[] to save ,israel1 & to use ,israel 9 ! fulfillm5t ( 8 et]nal purpose4 ,"h aga9 "o might say t :ile ! ,assyrian deities haughtily & arrogantly proclaim _! own greatness1 seek+ !reby only _! own glory1 ,yahwe's praise ( himself is almo/ altoge!r dis9t]e/$1 s9ce 8 conc]n is to a*ieve salvation ( ,israel & ! _w4 ,9 ! ,hebrew s5se ( ! ^w !n1 ! g5u9e hymn is only beg9n+ to em]ge 9 ,assyrian poetry4 ,division ,,iii ,a ,,comp>ison ,,( ,,! ,,assyrian ,,& ,,! ,,hebrew ,,hymns ,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,lit]>y ,,=m ,,( ,,! ,,assyrian ,,& ,,! ,,hebrew ,,hymns ,! comp>ison ( ! ,assyrian & ! ,hebrew hymns ought naturally to beg9 ) ! consid]ation ( _! lit]>y =m4 ,?is br+s u to ! fir/ & mo/ obvi\s di/9ctive m>k ( poetry 9 bo? lit]atures1 ! relatively uni=m l5g? ( ! l9es 9 ea* poem4 ,:]ev] a l9e l5g!ns out unduly x is cle> t !re is a lapse into prose4 ,a second ph5om5on t meets ! eye frequ5tly 9 ! ,assyrian poems & ev5 m (t5 9 ! ,hebrew psalms1 is ! fall+ ( ! l9e into two divisions3 ,he :o accepts no bribe1 :o takes ! side ( ! weak1 ,is well pleas+ to ,%ama%1 prolongs 8 life4 --,hymn to ,%ama% ,no4 #f4 ,%9+ ,fire ,god1 :o surveys ! tops ( ! m\nta9s ,mighty ,fire ,god1 illum9ator ( ! d>kness4 --,hymn to ,nusku ,no4 #a4 ,:o leade/ ! riv]s 9 ! mid/ ( ! m\nta9s1 ,:o op5e/ ! spr+s 9 ! mid/ ( ! hills4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #b4 ,:at is man1 t ?\ %\ld'/ rememb] him8 ,ev5 ! son ( man1 t ?\ %\ld'/ c>e = him8 --,psalm #h3e4 ,! law ( ,yahwe is p]fect1 conv]t+ ! s\l3 ,! te/imony ( ,yahwe is sure1 mak+ wise ! simple2 ,! /atutes ( ,yahwe are "r1 rejoic+ ! he>t4 --,psalm #ai3h4 ,m\?s to !m1 b !y speak n2 ,eyes to !m1 b !y see n4 --,psalm #aae3e4 ,occasionally ! l9es 9 bo? ,assyrian & ,hebrew psalms fall into ?ree divisions3 ,:5 ?\ asc5de/1 :5 ?\ asc5de/1 :5 ?\ asc5de/ --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #c4 ,9 heav5 ?\ art l(ty1 on e>? ?\ art k+1 clev] advis] ( ! gods4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #a4 ,fa!r ,ramman1 ,"l t ride? ! /orm1 is ?y "n exalt$ ,god4 --,hymn to ,ramman ,no4 #c4 ,yahwe our ,"l1 h[ glori\s ?y "n1 9 all ! e>?6 --,psalm #h3b4 ,god w bless u1 & %all fe> him all ! ends ( ! e>?4 --,psalm #fg3h4 ,:o is ?is k+ ( glory8 ,yahwe /rong & mighty1 ,yahwe mighty 9 battle4 --,psalm #bd3h4 ,h[ev] ! mo/ conspicu\s feature ( bo? ,assyrian & ,hebrew poetry is ! occurr5ce ( two p>allel l9es 9 ! di/i* or c\plet4 ,p>allelism may also occur betwe5 ! p>ts ( ! l9e1 & h5ce x is sometimes difficult to di/+ui% betwe5 ! two half l9es & ! c\plet1 & betwe5 ! l9e ( ?ree divisions & ! tri/i*4 ,9 ! ,assyrian hymns1 z 9 ! ,hebrew hymns1 ! mo/ common =m ( p>allelism is ! synonym\s1 ! second l9e practically repeat+ ! ?\ght ( ! fir/ l9e3 ,?\ treade/ 9 ! high heav5s1 l(ty is ?y place3 ,?\ art great 9 ! l[] _w1 !re is none l !e4 --,hymn to ,n]gal ,no4 #a4 ,! liv+ creatures1 all ( !m ?\ %eph]de/2 ,?\ art ! protector ( ^?1 :i* are above & bel[4 --,hymn to ,%ama% ,no4 #g4 ,m to be desir$ ?an gold1 ?an mu* f9e gold1 ,& sweet] ?an honey1 yea ?an honey f ! comb4 --,psalm #ai3aa4 ,yahwe has made kn[n 8 salvation1 be=e ! nations he has reveal$ 8 righte\sness ,he has rememb]$ 8 m]cy to ,jacob1 & 8 loyalty to ! h\se ( ,israel4 --,psalm #ih3b4 ,v common 9 ! ,assyrian hymns1 b n s frequ5t 9 ! ,hebrew hymns is tautological p>allelism1 :]e ! second l9e repeats ! ?\ght ( ! fir/ l9e 9 almo/ ! same words4 ,! frequ5cy ( ?is =m 9 ! ,assyrian hymns is mo/ c]ta9ly 9 "p due to ! magical pot5cy atta*$ to ! repetition ( significant l9es4 ,o ,"l1 :o is l !e1 :o c be comp>$ to !e8 ,mighty "o1 :o is l !e1 :o c be comp>$ to !e8 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #c4 ,:5 ?\ calle/ inside1 ! p )9 ?\ kille/2 ,:5 ?\ calle/ outside1 ! p outside ?\ kille/4 --,hymn to ,n]gal ,no4 #g4 ,s+ praises to ,god1 s+ praises3 ,s+ praises unto our k+1 s+ praises4 --,psalm #dg3g4 ,let peoples ?ank !e ,o ,god2 ,let peoples all ( !m ?ank !e4 --,psalm #fg3d4 ,! syn!tical p>allelism1 9 :i* ! second l9e cont9ues ! ?\ght ( ! fir/ l9e is relatively common 9 bo? ,assyrian & ,hebrew hymns3 ,bel1 ?y fa!r1 has grant$ !e1 ,t ! law ( all ! gods ?y h& %\ld hold4 --,hymn to ,n9ib ,no4 #a4 ,f all c\ntries1 s _m z speak ) ! tongue1 ,?\ kn[e/ _! plans1 _! walk ?\ obs]ve/4 --,hymn to ,%ama% ,no4 #f4 ,! m\nta9s rose1 ! valleys fell ,unto ! place1 ?\ had/ appo9t$ = !m4 --,psalm #ajd3h4 ,s+ to ,yahwe a new song1 = wond]s he ha? done2 ,ha? help$ him 8 "r h& & 8 holy arm4 --,psalm #ih3a4 ,x is "o indication ( ! sup]ior lit]>y quality ( ! ,hebrew hymns t anti!tical p>allelism1 9 :i* ! ?\ght ( ! second l9e is oppos$ to t ( ! fir/ l9e1 occurs q frequ5tly 9 ! ,hebrew hymns1 & almo/ n at all 9 ! ,assyrian hymns3 ,i said1 ye are gods1 & sons ( ! ,mo/ ,high all ( y2 ,b ye %all die l m51 & fall l "o ( ! demons4 --,psalm #hb3f;f4 ,! dead d n praise ,yahwe1 nor any :o g d[n into sil5ce1 ,b we w bless ,yahwe f h5ce=? & =ev]4 --,psalm #aae3aga;f4 ,%ama% honors ! head ( ! j man2 ,%ama% r5ds ! evil man l a ?ong4 --,hymn to ,%ama% ,no4 #a4 ,beyond ! c\plet1 /rophes ( ?ree1 f\r1 five1 six1 & m l9es are common 9 ! ,assyrian hymns1 ev5 z 9 ! ,hebrew ,psalt]4 ,p]haps ! fact t int]e/s ! ,old ,te/am5t /ud5t mo/ 9 ! /rophic arrangem5t is t ! numb] ( l9es 9 ! /rophes 9 ! same hymn is by no means always uni=m4 ,accord+ly if "o may draw a conclusion f ,assyrian usage = ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ! ef=t (t5 s zeal\sly made to re/ore by elim9ation ( l9es a uni=m /rophic arrangem5t1 is a griev\s error4 ,v>iety r ?an uni=mity 0 (t5 ! end s\ght4 ,ano!r *>act]i/ic feature ( bo? ,assyrian & ,hebrew hymns is ! occasional appe>ance ( ! refra94 ,?is refra9 does n h[ev] appe> arti/ically at ! end ( ! /rophe1 z 9 ,psalm #ii :]e ! refra91 8,holy is ,he10 is to be f\nd at ! end ( v]ses #b1 #e1 #i1 & probably ought to be ins]t$ at ! end ( v]se #g4 ,r ! refra9 usually =ms ! second half ( ! individual l9es = a succession ( ?ree1 five1 sev51 t51 or m l9es4 ,! same hymn may employ a v>iety ( refra9s4 ,! hymn to ,ramman ,no4 #c has = ! la/ two ?irds ( ! fir/ six l9es3 --,mighty ,bull & glori\s is ?y "n exalt$ ,god-- ,!n = ?ree l9es x repeats only ! la/ ?ird ( ! refra93 --is ?y "n exalt$ ,god-- return+ to ! full refra9 h[ev] = ! t5? l9e4 ,!n l9es #af to #bj h = ! la/ ?ird ( ! l9e ! refra93 --?\ /orm ) elevat$ vision-- :ile l9es #ba to #be h = ! la/ ?ird ( ! l9e ! refra93 --:o c /& ) !e8-- ,9 g5]al ?is use ( ! refra9 9 ! ,assyrian hymns w\ld seem to correspond to :at we h 9 ,psalm #aae3i-aa3 ,o ,israel1 tru/ 9 ,yahwe2 _! help & _! %ield is ,he4 ,o h\se ( ,a>on1 tru/ 9 ,yahwe2 _! help & _! %ield is ,he4 ,ye fe>]s ( ,yahwe1 tru/ 9 ,yahwe2 _! help & _! %ield is ,he4 ,9 a numb] ( in/ances ! refra9 ( ! ,assyrian hymn occurs 9 ! fir/ ?ird or half ( ! l9e1 & ! occurr5ce ( ! d\ble refra9 is also frequ5t3 ,%e :o 9 ! days ( long ago 9 ! e>? 0 magnifi$ am ,i2 ,i%t> :o 9 ! e>? is magnifi$ am ,i4 --,hymn to ,i%t> ,no4 #e4 ,no su* skill 9 ! use ( ! d\ble refra9 is %[n1 h[ev]1 z 9 ,psalm #ajg4 ,yet ano!r feature common to ,assyrian & ,hebrew hymn is ! prom95ce ( ! rhetorical "q3 ,o ,"l :o is l !e1 :o c be comp>$ to !e8 ,mighty ,"o :o is l !e1 :o c be comp>$ to !e8 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #c4 ,:o is equal to me1 me8 ,:o is comp>able to me1 me8 --,hymn to ,i%t> ,no4 #d4 ,:o is l ,yahwe our ,god1 9 heav5 or on e>? ,:o has plac$ 8 ?rone on high1 :o /oops to reg>d ! e>?8 --,psalm #aac3e;f4 ,h[ _m are ?y works1 ,o ,yahwe8 all ( !m 9 wisdom ?\ ha/ made4 --,psalm #ajd3bd4 ,x has already be5 po9t$ out 9 a previ\s *apt]1 t ! use ( ! refra9 9 ! ,assyrian hymns1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,hebrew hymns1 indicates antiphonal responses betwe5 prie/ & *oir1 & *oir & *oir4 ,likewise ! hymns ( bo? lit]atures h be5 se5 to take on m decid$ liturgical "* ) ! introduction ( ! div9e pron\ncem5t ?r\gh ! prie/ z 9 ! ,litany to ,as%ur & ! second ,psalm4 ,bo? lit]atures h ! sanctu>y hymn1 & ! processional & ! recessional hymn4 ,! mo/ significant diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,assyrian hymn & ! ,hebrew hymn w\ld seem to be t ! =m] is usually address$ 9 ! second p]son to deity1 & is accord+ly ( ! nature ( pray]1 :ile ! ,hebrew hymn is ! response to ! summons to praise deity1 is express$ 9 ! ?ird p]son1 & is m g5u9ely hymnal 9 "*4 ,*apt] ,x ,,! ,,supreme ,,god ,,among ,,! ,,gods ,hav+ comp>$ ! ,assyrian & ,hebrew hymns1 ) ref]5ce to _! ext]nal =m1 & ! circum/ances "u :i* !y 7 sung1 x is n[ prop] to exam9e m closely ! actual cont5ts ( ! hymns4 ,! subject ( all g5u9e hymns is ,god4 ,x is an argum5t = ! common nature ( ! ,assyrian & ,hebrew hymns t practically all ! hymnal phrases c be classifi$ "u ! foll[+ heads3 #a4 ,! supreme ,god among ! gods4 #b4 ,! glory ( ,8 "n4 #c4 ,! supreme ,god a heav5's god4 #d4 ,! supreme ,god 9 8 sanctu>y4 #e4 ,! supreme ,god z creator4 #f4 ,! supreme ,god z ,god ( nature4 #g4 ,! supreme ,god z wise4 #h4 ,! supreme ,god z p[]ful4 #i4 ,! supreme ,god z m]ciful4 #aj4 ,! supreme ,god z k+4 #aa4 ,! supreme ,god z judge4 ,?is classification enables u to /udy at "o & ! same "t ! phraseology & ! cont5t ( ! ,assyrian & ,hebrew hymns4 ,x may be said at ! outset1 t !re are practically no specific cases :]e lit]>y dep5d5ce c be demon/rat$1 b1 :at is m important1 !re is a v /rik+ simil>ity ( phraseology1 imply+ simil> religi\s ideas4 ,?is phraseology ( ! ,assyrian hymns has its value = ! int]pretation ( ! ,hebrew hymns1 & _! cont5t1 & a l value = ! /udy ( ! ,hebrew religion4 ,9 comp>+ ! phraseology ( ! ,assyrian & ! ,hebrew hymns1 ! mo/ obvi\s diff]5ce is t ! ,assyrian hymns are address$ to _m diff]5t deities1 ea* ) its own prop] "n1 ,%ama%1 ,s91 ,m>duk1 ,n9ib1 & _m o!rs4 ,! exi/5ce ( ! o!r gods is impli$ 9 "s ,hebrew hymns1 b ! ,hebrew hymni/ nev] conc$es to !m an individual indep5d5t exi/5ce1 mu* less a "n4 ,fur!rmore1 "o meets ev]y:]e 9 ! ,assyrian hymns ! di/9ction ( sex4 ,!re are husb&s & wives1 sons & daught]s1 among ! gods3 ,/rong1 l(ty "o1 highe/ ( ! goddesses2 ,o ,damk9a1 ,que5 ( all ! gods1 ,/rong wife ( ,ea1 valiant art ?\4 --,hymn to ,s>panitum4 ,am ,i n ! daught] ( ,bel8 --,hymn to ,belit4 ,o /rong son4 ,fir/ born ( ,bel2 ,great p]fect (fspr+ ( ,is>a4 --,hymn to ,n9ib ,no4 #a4 ,o "l1 fir/ born ( ,m>duk1 ,o rul]1 l(ty (fspr+ ( ,s>panitum4 --,hymn to ,nebo ,no4 #a4 ,! fa!r :o begot !e ,ea ?\ excelle/4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #c4 ,si/] ( ,%ama%1 ,ornam5t ( heav5 --,hymn to ,i%t> ,no4 #e4 ,s91 bright brilliant god1 ,n9n>1 fir/ born ( ,ekur1 son ( ,bel4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #b4 ,fir/ born ( ,ea4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #a4 ,"l1 mighty & exalt$1 fir/ born ( ,nunnammir1 ,(fspr+ ( ,kutu%> ! mighty que54 --,hymn to ,n]gal ,no4 #a4 ,"o w\ld expect t ! god to :om ! hymn is address$ w\ld be reg>d$ z ! supreme ,god1 b 9 "s hymns 8 subord9ate relation%ip to o!r gods is recogniz$3 ,%ama%1 ! support ( ,anu & ,bel art ?\4 --,hymn to ,%ama% ,no4 #a4 ,he :om ,anu 9 8 l(ty p[] ha? *os5 ,i am4 --,hymn to ,n9ib ,no4 #c4 ,mighty art ?\ among ! gods1 ,ea has made !e spl5did2 7,?r\gh ! proclamation7 ( ! oracle has ,bel made !e great4 ,o ,nebo1 be>] ( ! tables ( de/9y ( ! gods1 ,mess5g] ( ,anu1 :o br+s ,bel's comm&s to fulfillm5t4 --,hymn to ,nusku ,no4 #c4 ,! ,assyrian ref]s altoge!r naturally to 8 deity z a god among gods1 & frequ5tly ascribes to him only a relative degree ( /r5g? & p[]3 ,a mighty "o among ! gods art ?\4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #d4 ,o ,m>duk1 p[]ful "o ( ! gods4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #b4 ,great "o1 rul] ( ! gods1 ,m>duk mighty "o4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #c4 ,?\ art great among ! gods1 mighty is ?y comm&4 --,hymn to ,damk9a4 ,x is only :5 ! ,assyrian hymn applies to its deity ! sup]lative degree1 t x t\*es common gr\nd ) ! ,hebrew hymn4 ,= bo? ,assyrian & ,hebrew wor%ipp]s praise _! deity z ! incomp>able god4 ,su* passages f ,assyrian hymns are3 ,o mighty ,god1 to :om !re is no rival 9 ! assembly ( ! great gods4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #e4 ,m>duk1 among all gods ?\ excelle/4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #f4 7,pr9ce7 ( heav5 & e>? :o ha? n 8 equal4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #g4 ,bel to :om 9 8 /r5g? !re is no oppon5t4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #ab4 ,among ! goddesses is none l unto h]4 --,hymn to ,s>panitum4 ,k+ ( k+s1 exalt$ "o1 ^: decrees none c oppose1 ,no god is l unto ?y div9ity4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #e4 ,& "s ,hebrew hymns recognize ! exi/5ce ( ! gods 9 ass]t+ ! absolute sup]iority ( ,yahwe3 ,= ,i "k t ,yahwe is great1 ,ev5 our ,"l ?an all gods4 --,psalm #ace3e4 ,= a great ,god is ,yahwe1 ,& a great ,k+ ov] all gods4 --,psalm #ie3c4 ,= great is ,yahwe1 & to be prais$ exce$+ly2 ,t]rible is ,he above all gods4 --,psalm #if3d4 ,also ! exi/5ce ( _m gods is impli$ 9 ! rhetorical que/ions common to ! ,assyrian & ,hebrew hymns4 ,assyrian3 ,o "l :o is l !e1 :o c be comp>$ to !e2 ,mighty "o1 :o is l !e1 :o c be comp>$ to !e2 ,"l ,nann> :o is l !e1 :o c be comp>$ to !e8 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #e4 ,id5tical 9 =m is ! "q address$ to ,n]gal3 ,o "l :o is l !e1 :o c be comp>$ to !e2 ,mo/ mighty "o1 :o is l unto !e1 :o c be comp>$ to !e2 ,n]gal :o is l !e1 :o c be comp>$ to !e8 --,hymn to ,n]gal ,no4 #f4 ,i%t> h]self asks ! "q3 ,:o is equal to me1 me2 ,:o is comp>able to me1 me8 --,hymn to ,i%t> ,no4 #d4 ,! "q is foll[$ by ! answ] 9 ! foll[+ examples3 ,:o is exalt$ 9 heav51 ,?\ alone art exalt$2 ,:o is exalt$ on e>?1 ,?\ alone art exalt$4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #e4 ,:at god 9 heav5 or e>? c be comp>$ to !e1 ,?\ art high ov] all ( !m ,among ! gods sup]ior is ?y c\nsel4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #c4 ,biblical examples ( su* rhetorical que/ions are3 ,= :o 9 ! skies c be comp>$ unto ,yahwe1 ,:o is l ,yahwe among ! gods8 --,psalm #hi3g4 ,yahwe god ( ho/s :o is l !e8 ,/rong art ?\ ,yahwe & ?y fai?fulness is r\nd ab\t !e4 --,psalm #hi3i4 ,:o is l ,yahwe our ,god1 9 heav5 or 9 e>?1 ,:o sitte/ on high1 :o pe]e? into ! dep?s8 --,psalm #aac3e;f4 ,moreov] !re is1 = ,assyrian1 z = ,hebrew1 ! c\ncil ( ! gods1 9 :i* "o god is ! supreme judge4 ,o mighty god to :om !re is no rival 9 ! assembly ( ! great gods4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #c4 ,!n come ! great gods = trial be=e !e4 --,hymn to ,%ama% ,no4 #c4 ,yahwe takes 8 /& 9 ! c\ncil ( gods3 ,9 ! mid/ ( gods he judge?4 --,psalm #hb3a4 ,a ,god v t]rible 9 ! c\ncil ( ! holy ones1 ,& to be fe>$ above all !m t are r\nd ab\t ,him4 --,psalm #hi3h4 ,fur!rmore1 bo? 9 ,assyrian & ,biblical hymns1 ! gods !mselves d homage to ! highe/ god3 ,o ,s91 at ?y appe>ance ! gods assemble2 ,k+s1 all ( !m1 pro/rate !mselves4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #c4 ,!re b[ be=e !e ! ,igigi1 ! ,annunaki1 ! gods1 ! goddesses4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #a4 ,wor%ip him all ye gods4 --,psalm #ig3g4 ,ascribe unto ,yahwe ,ye sons ( ,god1 ,ascribe unto ,yahwe ,glory & /r5g?4 --,psalm #bi3a4 ,yahwe1 :o is ?us wor%ipp$ by ! gods1 c appropriately be call$ 8,god ( gods & ,"l ( lords03 ,o give ?anks unto ! ,god ( gods4 --,psalm #acf3b4 ,o give ?anks unto ! ,"l ( lords4 --,psalm #acf3c4 ,! ,assyrian hymn passes beyond ! po9t :]e ! deity is exalt$ above o!r gods3 ,^: great glory ?r\gh ,bel ! reg5t ( heav51 ,is exce$+ly high ov] all gods1 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #a4 to ! po9t :]e ! god alone is exalt$3 ,o "l *ief ( ! gods1 :o alone is exalt$ on e>? & 9 heav52 ,:o is exalt$ 9 heav51 ?\ alone art exalt$2 ,:o is exalt$ on e>?1 ?\ alone art exalt$4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #e4 ,likewise ! ,hebrew hymn speaks ( ! exaltation ( ,yahwe & passes beyond ! po9t :]e ,yahwe is high above all gods4 ,= ?\ art high ov] all ! e>?1 ,?\ art gone up exce$+ly above all gods4 --,psalm #ig3i4 ,high ov] all nations is ,yahwe2 ,ov] ! heav5s 8 glory4 --,psalm #aac3d4 to ! po9t :]e ,yahwe alone is exalt$ 9 ! e>?3 ,be /ill & "k t ,i am ,god3 ,i w be exalt$ 9 ! e>?2 ,i w be exalt$ among ! nations4 --,psalm #df3aa4 ,x 0 said above t c]ta9 ,hebrew hymnal passages recognize ! exi/5ce ( o!r gods4 ,x might h be5 po9t$ out !re t "o ( ^? passages1 ,= great is ,yahwe & to be prais$ exce$+ly2 ,t]rible is he above all gods --,psalm #if3d4 is foll[$ by3 ,= all ! gods ( ! peoples are idols2 ,b ,yahwe made ! heav5s --,psalm #if3e4 & ,psalm #ace3e3 ,= ,i "k t ,yahwe is great1 ,ev5 our ,"l ?an all gods is foll[$ by #ace3ae3 ,! idols ( ! nations are silv] & gold1 ,! "w ( m5's h&s4 ,yet ?is may n be an outright d5ial ( ! exi/5ce ( all gods1 nor an int]e/+ example ( ! ret5tion ( phraseology :i* ! religion _h outgr[n4 ,! ,israel ( mo/ ( ! hymns 0 v mu* a nation among ! nations4 ,) feel+1 at once int5sely national & int5sely religi\s1 ,israel p\r$ its contempt ^u idolatry1 & decl>$ t ! nations _h no god4 ,on e>? ,yahwe is ! supreme ,god1 & 9 heav5 9 ! heav5ly c\rt he reigns supreme1 & ! gods :o are !re1 s]ve him & enhance 8 glory4 ,! ,glory ( ,8 ,"n ,assyrian & ,hebrew hymns are alike1 9 t bo? exalt ! "n ( deity4 ,= bo? ! "n ( ! god is great & glori\s & to be fe>$4 ,x is kn[n 9 all ! e>? & is n to be =gott54 ,!re seems to h be5 an elem5t ( my/]y1 possibly due to magic1 atta*$ to ! "n ( ! ,assyrian deity4 ,flood wat]+ ! h>ve/1 kn[s anyone ?y "n4 --,hymn to ,n]gal ,no4 #f4 ,& 9 ?is connection x is well to notice t ,i%t> ann\nces h]self by sev]al names3 ,my fir/ "n is ,i am ,i%t> ,my second "n is ,lady ( ! c\ntries4 --,hymn to ,i%t> ,no4 #d4 ,great & t]rible is ! "n ( ! ,assyrian & ,hebrew deity4 ,! "l ,n9ib ,i am1 at ! nam+ ( my "n may be pro/rat$ ! l(ty p[]s4 --,hymn to ,n9ib ,no4 #e4 ,exce$+ great is ?y "n1 ,m>duk mighty "o4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #a4 ,as%ur1 glori\s "o1 ^: "n ar\ses fe>1 --,hymn to ,as%ur4 ,let !m praise ?y "n great & t]rible4 --,psalm #ii3c4 ,kn[n 9 ,judah is ,god1 9 ,israel great is 8 "n4 --,psalm #gf3b4 ,"l ^: "n is glori\s1 record] ( ! _w4 --,hymn to ,enlil4 ,n to u4 ,n to u1 b to ?y "n give glory4 --,psalm #aae3a4 ,?y "n is altoge!r good 9 ! m\?s ( ! peoples4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #ac4 ,?y "n is spread abroad1 9 ! m\?s ( m51 ,o protect+ god4 --,hymn to ,i%t> ,no4 #a4 ,^: "n is brilliant 9 all ! e>?1 t is my glory4 --,hymn to ,i%t> ,no4 #e4 ,z ?y "n1 ,o ,god1 s is ?y praise unto ! ends ( ! e>?4 --,psalm #dh3aa4 ,yahwe1 our ,"l1 h[ maje/ic is ?y "n 9 all ! e>?4 --,psalm #h3b4 ,n only univ]sal1 b also et]nal1 is ! fame ( ,assyrian & ,hebrew deity3 ,!re=e may ! fame ( ,as%ur n be =gott51 may m5 rememb] ,es%>ra4 --,hymn to ,as%ur4 ,yahwe ?y "n is =ev]1 ,yahwe ?y remembrance to g5]ation & g5]ation4 --,psalm #ace3ac4 ,x may be significant also1 t1 :ile ! "n ( ! ,assyrian & ! ,hebrew deity is great & glori\s & t]rible1 univ]sally kn[n & nev] to be =gott51 x is said only ( ! ,hebrew deity1 t 8 "n is holy3 ,= 9 ,him do? our he>t rejoice1 ,= 9 ,8 ,holy ,"n d we tru/4 --,psalm #cc3ba4 ,bless my s\l ,yahwe1 & all t is )9 me ,8 ,holy "n4 --,psalm #ajc3a4 ,:ile bo? ,assyrian & ,hebrew hymns exalt ! "n ( ! deity1 !re is no passage 9 any ,assyrian hymn1 reveal+ su* en?usiasm on ! "p ( an individual1 = ! "n ( ! god z ,psalm #ade3a;b3 ,i w exalt !e1 my god1 ,o k+1 ,& ,i w bless ?y "n = ev] ,e day w ,i bless !e1 ,& ,i w praise ?y "n = ev] & aye1 ,nor is !re any passage 9 an ,assyrian hymn call+ ^u univ]sal nature1 sun1 moon & />s1 m\nta9s1 & hills1 ra9 & sn[1 all liv+ creatures1 all m5 & wom51 old & "y1 k+s & nations1 to praise ! "n ( ,god1 z ,psalm #adh3ac3 ,let !m praise ! "n ( ,yahwe ,= 8 "n alone is exalt$4 ,*apt] ,,xi ,,! ,,supreme ,,god ,,9 ,,8 ,,dwell+ ,,place ,! ,assyrians are kn[n to read]s ( ! ,old ,te/am5t z wor%ipp]s ( ! ho/s ( heav51 & :ile _! hymns repres5t !m z ador+ also ! ,atmosph]ic ,gods1 & fur!rmore f9d+ ,deity n only 9 ! heights above1 b also 9 ! dep?s b5ea?1 nev]!less _! rev]5t gaze 0 mo/ frequ5tly turn$ skyw>d4 ,_! gods 7 ma9ly gods ( heav51 & 7 associat$1 at times almo/ to ! po9t ( id5tification1 ) ! heav5ly bodies4 ,?us ! ,god ,%ama% be>s ! "n ( ,sun1 & is unmi/akably & v closely associat$ ) ! sol> orb3 ,! mighty m\nta9s has ?y glory cov]$2 ,?y brilliancy fills & ov]:elms ! c\ntries2 ,?\ m>*e/ regul>ly across ! heav5s4 --,hymn to ,%ama% ,no4 #g4 ,likewise ,nusku is a sol> deity3 ,/rong fire god :o surveys ! tops ( ! m\nta9s1 ,mighty fire god1 illum9ator ( ! d>kness4 --,hymn to ,nusku ,no4 #a4 ,also ,m>duk3 ,l(ty 9 =m1 ,m>duk1 %9+ sun god1 bright tor*1 ,:o by 8 ris+ illum9es ! 7d>kness71 makes brilliant 7 74 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #a4 ,! moon has its v wor?y repres5tative among ! gods 9 ! p]son ( ! great ,god ,s93 ,?\ t bright5e/ ! night1 ,t give/ light to all nations1 ,bright is ?y light 9 heav52 ,?y brightness fills ! :ole e>?4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #a4 ,?\ t f ! base ( heav5 to ! height ( heav5 do/ m>* 9 glory2 ,op5+ ! door ( heav51 & grant+ light to all m54 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #e4 ,! ev5+ />1 ! /> :i* %9es prem95t 9 ! heav5s is repres5t$ by two glori\s goddesses1 ,i%t> & ,s>panitum3 ,light ( heav5 :i* flames l fire ov] ! e>? art ?\4 --,hymn to ,i%t> ,no4 #f4 ,9 ! heav5s 9 ! ev5+ :5 ,i take my /&1 --,hymn to ,i%t> ,no4 #d4 ,%e t flame? 9 ! horizon ( heav54 --,hymn to ,i%t> ,no4 #f4 ,:o art adorn$ ) ! brilliancy ( sp>kl+ /ones1 ornam5t ( heav54 --,hymn to ,i%t> ,no4 #f4 ,i%t> :o op5s ! bolt ( ! pure heav5s1 t is my glory4 --,hymn to ,i%t> ,no4 #f4 ,s>panitum1 %9+ />1 dwell+ 9 ,endul1 ,:o crosse/ ! heav5s1 :o passe/ ov] ! e>?1 ,s>panitum1 ^: /ation is l(ty1 ,brilliant is my lady1 l(ty & high4 --,hymn to ,s>panitum4 ,j z ,%ama%1 ,s91 & ,i%t> are s closely associat$ ) sun1 moon1 & ev5+ />1 s ,ramman1 9 ! two hymns writt5 9 8 honor1 is almo/ id5tifi$ ) ! ?und]/orm4 ,yahwe is n id5tifi$1 nor closely associat$1 9 ! ,hebrew hymns1 ) any ( ! heav5ly bodies1 n ev5 ) ! sun1 b he1 l ! ,assyrian deities1 dwells 9 heav51 & 8 glory1 z is !irs1 is t ( ! />s4 ,( ,yahwe x might h be5 said1 z ( ,n]gal & ,i%t>3 ,?\ treade/ 9 ! high heav5s1 l(ty is ?y place4 --,hymn to ,n]gal ,no4 #a4 ,?y seat is 9 ! high heav5s1 9 ! mid/ ( ! bright heav5s1 --,hymn to ,i%t> ,no4 #b4 ,b our ,god is 9 ! heav5s1 ,ev]y?+ t he please?1 he doe?4 --,psalm #aae3c4 ,! heav5s are ,yahwe's heav5s4 --,psalm #aae3af4 ,yahwe is 9 8 holy temple2 ,yahwe1 9 ! heav5s is 8 ?rone4 --,psalm #aa3d4 ,yahwe 0 n id5tifi$ ) sun1 moon or />s4 ,no m 0 he id5tifi$ ) ! ?und]/orm4 ',tis true1 9 ,psalm #bi ! ?und] is describ$ z ! voice ( ,yahwe1 b :ile ! tempe/ rages bel[1 ,yahwe sits exalt$ 9 heav51 ! mighty ,god1 :o gives /r5g? to 8 p1 & blesses !m ) peace4 ,x is ! glory ( ! ,hebrew religion1 t its ,god has be5 releas$ f all id5tification ) nature's =ces & is "l 9 8 univ]se4 ,s he controls also ! w9ds3 ,:o br+e? =? ! w9d out ( 8 treasuries4 --,psalm #ace3g4 ,to him t ride? 9 ! anci5t heav5s4 --,psalm #fh3cd4 ,:o make? cl\ds 8 *>iot1 ,:o walke? ^u ! w+s ( ! w9d4 --,psalm #ajd3c4 ,z gods ( heav51 bo? ! ,assyrian deities & ,yahwe are rev]$ z l(ty1 exalt$ be+s4 ,m>duk is address$ z ! "o 8:o alone art l(ty40 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #a4 ,9 heav5 ?\ art l(ty1 on e>? ?\ art k+1 clev] advis] ( ! gods4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #a4 ,to ,n9ib x is said3 ,9 ,ekur1 ! h\se ( fe/ivals1 is ?y head exalt$ ,n9ib1 k+1 son ( ,bel1 :o himself is exalt$4 --,hymn to ,n9ib ,no4 #a4 ,& = ,as%ur ! wi% is express$3 ,may ! memory ( ,as%ur be prais$1 8 div9ity be exalt$1 ,s t ! exaltation ( ,as%ur1 ! "l ( lords1 ! w>rior1 may %9e4 --,hymn to ,as%ur4 ,simil>ly ,yahwe is exalt$3 ,b ?\ art high = ev]1 ,o ,yahwe4 --,psalm #ib3i4 ,t !y may "k t ?\ alone art ,yahwe ,! mo/ high ov] all ! e>?4 --,psalm #hc3ai4 ,yahwe's exaltation above ! e>? br+s ) x also exaltation ov] all nations3 ,yahwe 9 ,zion is great1 ,& ,high is ,he above all nations4 --,psalm #ii3b4 ,high ov] all nations is ,yahwe2 ,ov] ! heav5 is 8 glory4 --,psalm #aac3d4 ,s also ,m>duk's exaltation has its significance = m53 ,high art ?\ 9 heav53 ,all p ?\ see'/4 ,great art ?\ ^u e>?3 ,_! om5s ?\ see'/4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #a4 ,yahwe's exaltation seems to be n only above ! e>?1 b he is also highly exalt$ 9 ! heav5s3 ,8 maje/y is above e>? & heav54 --,psalm #adh3ac4 ,?\ ^: maje/y is plac$ above ! heav5s4 --,psalm #h3b4 ,be=e ! exalt$ heav5s' ,god1 ! ,assyrian wor%ipp] is rev]5t3 ,o "l ?y div9ity is full ( awe ,l ! f> (f heav5 & ! broad ocean4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #e4 & z ,heav5's ,god1 ,yahwe is to be prais$3 ,praise ,yahwe f ! ,heav5s2 ,praise ,him 9 ! heights4 --,psalm #adh3a4 ,! ,assyrian religion1 9 contra/ to ! ,hebrew religion1 f9ds ,god 9 ! l[] _w1 & glorifies ! deity ( ! l[] _w3 ,?\ art great 9 ,hades1 !re is none l !e4 --,hymn to ,n]gal ,no4 #a4 ,w>rior1 "l ( ! "u _w4 --,hymn to ,n]gal ,no4 #d4 ,%e1 :o is goddess ( heav5 & e>? is also goddess ( ! deep3 ,lady ( ,egurra1 rul] ( ! deep1 ,:o inhabite/ ! deep1 lady ( heav5 & e>?4 --,hymn to ,damk9a4 ,! ,hebrew hymns h only ! negative /atem5ts reg>d+ ,yahwe's pre/ige 9 ! l[] _w3 ,! dead praise n ,yahwe1 ,nei!r any t g d[n to sil5ce --,psalm #aae3ag4 & ! ass]tion ( ,psalm #aci3h t ,yahwe ! omnipres5t is pres5t also 9 ,%eol4 ,! ,supreme ,god 9 ,8 ,sanctu>y ,al?\gh ! ,assyrian deities & ,yahwe are gods ( heav51 yet !y take up _! abode 9 e>?ly sanctu>ies3 ,:o ha/ tak5 up 8 exalt$ habitation among liv+ creatures --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #e4 ,= ,yahwe ha? *os5 ,zion1 ,he ha? desir$ x = 8 habitation4 --,psalm #acb3ac4 ,9 ,salem also is 8 tab]nacle ,& 8 dwell+ place 9 ,zion --,psalm #gf3c4 ,bel ?y dwell+ is ,babylon1 ,borsippa is ?y cr[n4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #ab4 ,"l ( ,izida1 %ad[ ( ,borsippa1 director ( ,isagila4 --,hymn to ,nebo ,no4 #a4 ,virg94 ,virg9 9 ! temple ( my ri*es am ,i4 --,hymn to ,i%t> ,no4 #e4 ,! sanctu>y itself is v5]at$ by ,assyrian & ,hebrew3 ,?y h\se ,ezida is a h\se incomp>able4 --,hymn to ,nebo ,no4 #b4 ,h[ lovely are ?y tab]nacles ,o ,yahwe ( ho/s4 --,psalm #hd3b4 ,honor & maje/y are be=e ,him2 ,/r5g? & beauty are 9 8 sanctu>y4 --,psalm #if3f4 ,!re is no?+ 9 ! ,hebrew hymns to indicate t ,yahwe has m ?an "o sanctu>y4 ,?is is due ( c\rse to ! fact t ! ,hebrew hymns are pres]v$ 9 a collection1 ^: editors recogniz$ only ,j]usalem z a legitimate place ( wor%ip4 ,on ! o!r h& ! ,assyrian gods h usually sev]al sanctu>ies3 ,! sov]eign ( sanctu>ies all ( !m4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #ac4 ,i%t>1 :o 9 all sanctu>ies 0 magnifi$ am ,i4 --,hymn to ,i%t> ,no4 #e4 ,x is curi\s t ! god %\ld be address$ z ! f\nd] ( cities & sanctu>ies3 ,f\nd] ( ! cities1 r5ew] ( ! sanctu>ies4 --,hymn to ,nusku ,no4 #c4 ,f\nd] ( sanctu>ies1 proclaim] ( _! names4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #e4 ,app>5tly ! ,assyrian sanctu>ies 7 ?\ght to be z old z ! _w itself1 = ! erection & nam+ ( ! sanctu>ies is m5tion$ 9 connection ) ! creation ( ! e>?3 ,creator ( ! l&1 f\nd] ( sanctu>ies1 proclaim] ( _! names4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #g4 ,b ( ,yahwe x is said3 ,do? build up ,j]usalem ,yahwe2 ,! disp]s$ ( ,israel he ga!re? toge!r4 --,psalm #adg3b4 ,x is n =gott5 9 ! ,assyrian hymns1 t ! deity gives joy to city & temple3 ,o ,m>duk ! mighty :o cause/ ,itura to rejoice4 ,"l ( ,isagila1 help ( ,babylon1 lov] ( ,izida4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #h4 ,! processional hymn to ,m>duk op5s ) ! l9e3 ,o "l on ?9e entrance into ?y h\se may ?y h\se rejoice 9 !e4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #ac4 ,hebrew temple wor%ip mu/ also h be5 joyful1 :5 ! wor%ipp]s obey$ ! exhortation1 ,psalm #ajj3b3 8,s]ve ,yahwe ) gladness02 :5 !y prais$ him 8) trumpet s\nd10 8) psalt]y & h>p10 8) timbrel & dance10 8) /r+$ in/rum5ts0 & 8pipe0 8) l\d cymbals0 & 8high s\nd+ cymbals10 ,psalm #aej4 ,di/9ctive ( ! ,hebrew hymns is1 z we w\ld expect1 ! great prom95ce giv5 to ! praise ( ,yahwe 9 ! temple3 ,praise1 ,o ,j]usalem1 ,yahwe2 ,praise ?y ,god1 ,o ,zion4 --,psalm #adg3ab4 ,bless$ be ,yahwe f ,zion1 ,:o dwelle? at ,j]usalem4 --,psalm #ace3ba4 ,n only d ,assyrian & ,hebrew deity dwell 9 e>?ly sanctu>ies1 b _! sanctu>ies seem to h be5 alike situat$ on holy m\nta9s3 ,great & to be prais$ exce$+ly ,is ! city ( our ,god4 ,8 holy m\nta91 beautiful ( situation1 ,is ! joy ( ! :ole e>?4 ,m\nt ,zion1 on ! sides ( ! ,nor?1 ,is ! city ( a great ,k+4 --,psalm #dh3b;f4 ,ano!r ref]5ce to ! holy m\nta9 is f\nd 9 ,psalm #hg3a ,its f\ndation is 9 ! holy m\nta9s4 ,to be comp>$ ) ! la/ two selections is ! c\plet f a hymn to ,bel3 ,great m\nta9 ( ,enlil ,imkh>kag ^: peak rea*es to heav51 ,^: f\ndation is laid 9 ! glitt]+ deep4 ,?is c\plet describes a temple ( ,bel :i* resembles a m\nta94 ,! "n ,great ,m\nta9 0 also appli$ to ,bel himself4 ,possibly ! l9e ( developm5t 0 ?us4 ,! god dwells 9 ! holy m\nta94 ,= t reason1 ! temple is built to resemble a m\nta91 & ! "n m\nta9 passes ov] f ! temple to ! deity4 ,at any rate1 x is int]e/+ to note t ,yahwe also dwells 9 ! holy m\nta9 & 0 likewise call$ rock3 ,rock ( our salvation4 --,psalm #ie3a4 ,he only is my rock & my salvation1 ,my t[]1 ,i %all n be greatly mov$4 --,psalm #fb3c4 ,x is natural to pass f ! sanctu>y to ! physical repres5tation ( ! deity4 ,?is 9 ! ,assyrian hymns is frequ5tly crass3 ,pr9ce ( %9+ face & flam+ m\? rag+ fire god4 --,hymn to ,n]gal ,no4 #e4 ,( gigantic size ) t]rible limbs1 ,rag+ demons to "r & left ( him4 --,hymn to ,n]gal ,no4 #e4 ,mighty 9 =m1 l(ty 9 /ature1 & p[]ful = ! ex]cise ( 8 lord%ip4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #a4 ,9 a numb] ( passages1 ! god takes ! /ill crass] =m ( an animal4 ,9 ,s9 ,no4 #e1 l9e #ai1 x is ! =m ( a horse3 ,o ha/5+ /e$1 /urdy "o1 ^: knees d n gr[ we>y1 ,:o do/ op5 ! road = ! gods1 ?y bro!rs4 ,9 o!r passages1 x is a bull or /e]3 ,o /rong "y bull ) huge horns1 p]fect 9 limbs1 ) be>d ( lapis-lazuli color1 full ( glory & p]fection4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #e4 ,great /e] mighty "l1 de/roy] ( ! ho/ile l&4 --,hymn to ,n]gal ,no4 #d4 ,p[]ful "o great /rong /e]4 --,hymn to ,n]gal ,no4 #f4 ,?\ :o be>e/ horns :o art clo!d ) glory4 --,hymn to ,n]gal ,no4 #h4 ,a cr\*+ ox art ?\1 bull t do/ in/itute de/ruction4 --,hymn to ,enlil4 ,w>rior :o z a /e] /&s firm at "o's side1 ,w>rior :o resembles a wild ox ) great horns4 --,hymn to ,n9ib ,no4 #e4 ,9 ! hymns prop]1 !re is no su* crass repres5tation ( ,yahwe1 b x is well to recall t ,yahwe 0 n only repres5t$ by bull images at ,be!l & ,dan1 b is ref]r$ to z ! 8,bull ( ,jacob40 ,h[ he sw>e unto ,yahwe1 ,& v[$ to ! ,bull ( ,jacob4 --,psalm #acb3b4 ,x is a /age high] 9 ref9em5t1 :5 ! god is n repres5t$ z a nak$ demon1 nor z a p[]ful animal1 h[ev] maje/ic 9 its /r5g?1 b z a clo!d be+4 ,su* a repres5tation ( ! deity we h bo? 9 ! ,assyrian & ! ,hebrew hymns3 ,fa!r ,nann> :o do/ g =? 9 ! robe ( maje/y *ief ( ! gods4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #e4 ,rob$ 9 spl5dor1 clo!d 9 t]ror4 --,hymn to ,n]gal ,no4 #b4 ,*ief ( ! great gods1 clo!d 9 gr&eur & spl5dor4 --,hymn to ,n]gal ,no4 #e4 ,:o art clo!d ) t]ror1 :o art full ( glory4 --,hymn to ,n9ib ,no4 #a4 ,! mighty "o among ! gods ) brilliancy clo!d am ,i4 --,hymn to ,n9ib ,no4 #c4 ,/ronge/ ( ! goddesses ^: clo?+ is ! light4 --,hymn to ,s>panitum4 ,f out ( su* imag]y z t cit$ 9 s _m passages has come ^! two *a/e ref]5ces to ,yahwe z clo!d3 ,yahwe is ,k+3 he is clo!d ) maje/y ,clo!d is ,yahwe he ha? gird$ himself ) /r5g?4 --,psalm #ic3a4 ,my ,god ?\ art exce$+ great1 ,) honor & maje/y ?\ art clo!d1 ,:o cov]e/ ?yself ) light z ) a g>m5t4 --,psalm #ajd3a4 ,!re is b "o in/ance 9 ! ,assyrian ,hymns1 :5 ! beauty ( ! god is ! delight ( ! wor%ipp]4 ,?is is some:at ak9 to ! feel+ ( ! my/ic3 ,fruit :i* ha? creat$ itself1 ( l(ty =m beautiful to look ^u1 9 ^: be+ "o _c suffici5tly /ate oneself4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #e4 ,!re are no p>allels to ?is among ! biblical hymns b !re are p>allels among o!r psalms3 ,t ,i may dwell 9 ! h\se ( ,yahwe ,all ! days ( my life ,to behold ! beauty ( ,yahwe4 --,psalm #bg3d4 ,z = me ,i %all behold ?y face 9 righte\sness2 ,i %all be satisfi$1 :5 ,i awake1 ) 7behold+7 ?y =m4 --,psalm #ag3ae4 ,s h ,i look$ ^u !e 9 ! sanctu>y ,to see ?y p[] & ?y glory4 --,psalm #fc3c4 ,homage 0 paid to ! ,assyrian deities by ! br++ ( (f]+s to _! temples1 & ?is fact ( ! (f]+ ( sacrifices1 f9ds a place 9 ! hymns3 ,fa!r ,enlil ) song maje/ically we come3 ,! pres5ts ( ! gr\nd are (f]$ to !e z gifts ( sacrifice ,o "l ( ,sum] figs to ?y dwell+ we br+2 ,to give life to ! gr\nd ?\ do/ exi/4 --,hymn to ,enlil4 ,a special di/9ction ( ,m>duk's is t3 ,among all gods :o dwell 9 sanctu>ies1 sacrifice ( e k9d is br\ght into 8 sanctu>y4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #g4 ,! sacrifice1 & especially ! (f]+ ( w9e1 w\ld favorably affect ! disposition ( ! god3 ,on ! fe/al day :5 he takes 8 seat 9 joy1 ,:5 on equality ) ,anu & ,bel sesame w9e made him g5ial4 --,hymn to ,n9ib ,no4 #d4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! favorable disposition ( ! deity is manife/$ by 8 acceptance ( ! (f]+1 & ! pro( ( ! magnanimity ( ! god f9ds its due place 9 ! hymn3 ,?\ eate/1 dr9ke/ _! pure w9e1 noble be] f ! cask ,:5 !y p\r ! noble be] = !e1 ?\ accepte/ x4 --,hymn to ,%ama% ,no4 #g4 ,x is curi\s t1 j z ! gods = :om ! temples 7 built1 7 address$ z ! build]s ( ! temples1 s ! gods to :om sacrifices 7 (f]$1 7 address$ z ^? :o ma9ta9$ ! (f]+ ( sacrifices4 ,d\btless ! sacrifices ( ! temples _h come to be reg>d$ z 9 !mselves absolutely ess5tial to ! e/abli%$ ord]1 & ! gods1 z ! giv]s ( ! e>?'s products1 became ?us ! patrons ( ! sacrifices4 ,?\ give/ ! bread ( sacrifice1 ! daily sacrifices4 --,m>duk ,no4 ,,ii1 col4 ,,iii3#a4b4 ,protector ( ! (f]+s = ! gods1 r5ew] ( ! temple cities4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #c4 ,:o do/ build dwell+s & e/abli%e/ (f]+s4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #g4 ,protector ( ! sacrificial gifts ( all ! ,igigi4 --,nusku ,no4 #c4 ,nusku z ! fire god is p>ticul>ly ess5tial to ! (f]+ ( sacrifices3 ,)\t !e is no banquet held 9 ! temple2 ,)\t !e ! gods smell no inc5se4 --,hymn to ,nusku ,no4 #c4 ,! be/[] ( inc5se :o burns ! freewill (f]+ = ! gods4 --,hymn to ,nusku ,no4 #b4 ,x is surely v significant t all ?is is abs5t f ! ,hebrew hymns4 ,!re is b "o s+le ref]5ce to a sacrifice4 ,give to ,yahwe ! glory due to 8 "n2 ,br+ an (f]+ & come into ,8 c\rts4 --,psalm #if3h4 ,:at ! ,hebrews 9 _! hymns br+ to ,yahwe is an (f]+ ( praise =3 ,8 praise endure? =ev]4 --,psalm #aaa3aj4 & ! individual dev\tly says3 ,i w praise ,yahwe :ile ,i live2 ,i w s+ praises to my ,god :ile ,i h my be+4 --,psalm #adf3b4 & a temple congregation says3 ,b we w bless ,yahwe ,f n[ & = ev]more4 --,psalm #aae3ah4 ,sacrifice _h its place1 & on t great day ( ,yahwe's f9al triumph1 ! k9dr$s ( ! peoples are call$ ^u to br+ an (f]+ 7,psalm #if3h71 b ?is seems to be only incid5tal to _! ackn[l$gm5t 9 ,yahwe's temple ( 8 univ]sal lord%ip4 ,i am assum+ t ! glory & /r5g? ( ,psalm #if3g3 ,give to ,yahwe ye k9dr$s ( ! peoples2 ,give to ,yahwe glory & /r5g? are to be und]/ood 9 ! spiritual r ?an ! mat]ial s5se1 z else:]e ! hymns only call = spiritual homage to ,yahwe3 ,wor%ip ,yahwe 9 holy g>m5ts2 ,tremble be=e ,him all ! e>?4 --,psalm #if3i4 ,come let u wor%ip & b[ d[n2 ,let u kneel be=e ,yahwe our mak]4 --,psalm #ie3f4 ,exalt ye ,yahwe our ,god1 ,& wor%ip at 8 foot/ool4 --,psalm #ii3e4 ,! praise ( ,yahwe my m\? %all speak1 ,& all fle% %all bless 8 holy "n4 --,psalm #ade3ba4 ,! ,hebrew hymn does n praise ,yahwe z ! "o :o e/abli%es sacrifice1 nor z ! ,god :o accepts sacrifice4 ,al?\gh sacrifices cont9u$ to be (f]$ 9 ! temple1 ! hymn1 z a hymn1 transc5ds all =malism4 ,! hymn is ! expression ( en?usiasm = ,yahwe1 ! exalt$ & great ,god :om all ! e>? is to ackn[l$ge1 & conv]sely1 x may p]haps be said t only su* a magnific5t conception ( deity z ! ,hebrews _h c\ld produce su* hymns4 ,*apt] ,,xii ,,! ,,supreme ,,god ,,z ,,creator ,! ord9>y p]son is v likely to limit ! ?\ght ( ,god z creator to ! mono!i/ic religions4 ,h[ev] ! religi\s imag9ation is by no means controll$ by logical reason+4 ,! problem ( creation1 9 "s =m or o!r1 has its fasc9ation ev5 = ! primitive m9d1 & ! conception ( ,god z creator is n =eign to ! religi\s ?9k+ ( poly!i/ic religions4 ,accord+ly1 al?\gh ! ,assyrian deities nev] completely succe$$ 9 emancipat+ !mselves f close association ) heav5ly bodies & atmosph]ic =ces1 yet "s ( !m did w9 = !mselves ! significant title ( creator3 ,o ,"l ( heav5 :o creat$ ! e>?4 --,hymn to ,n9ib ,no4 #d4 ,creator ( ! l&1 f\nd] ( sanctu>ies1 proclaim] ( names4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #g4 ,creator ( ! totality ( heav5 & e>?1 art ?\ ,o ,%ama%4 --,hymn to ,%ama% ,no4 #f4 ,creator ( ! upp] univ]se1 build] ( ! m\nta9s1 ,creator ( ! gods1 begett] ( ! goddesses4 --,hymn to ,as%ur4 ,9 ! prec$+ c\plet "o might expect in/ead ( 8build] ( ! m\nta9s10 8build] ( ! e>?10 b ! second l9e w\ld seem to sugge/ t ! m\nta9s 7 ! abodes ( ! gods1 & !re=e ! creation ( m\nta9s & gods is associat$ toge!r4 ,! foll[+ c\plet1 :ile n affirm+ explicitly ! act ( creation by deity1 seems nev]!less to presuppose x3 ,heav5 & e>? are ?9e2 ,! space ( heav5 & e>? is ?9e4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #f4 ,turn+ to ! ,hebrew hymns1 !re is a great v>iety ( passages1 9 :i* ,yahwe is ref]r$ to z creator3 ,let all ! e>? fe> ,yahwe2 ,let all ! inhabitants ( ! _w /& 9 awe ( him1 ,= he spake & x 0 done1 ,he comm&$ & x /ood fa/4 --,psalm #cc3h;f4 ,to him t spread =? ! e>? above ! wat]s4 --,psalm #acf3f4 ,to him t by und]/&+ made ! heav5s4 --,psalm #acf3e4 ,to him t made great lights1 ,! sun to rule by day1 ,! moon & />s to rule by night4 --,psalm #acf3g-i4 ,:5 ,i behold ?y heav5s1 ,! "w ( ?y f+]s1 ,! moon & ! />s1 ,:i* ?\ ha/ orda9$4 --,psalm #h3d4 ,by ! ^w ( ,yahwe 7 ! heav5s made1 ,& by ! brea? ( 8 m\? all _! ho/4 --,psalm #cc3f4 ,! sun1 moon & />s1 ! highe/ heav5 & ! wat]s above ! heav5s are call$ ^u to praise ,yahwe _! creator3 ,let !m praise ! "n ( ,yahwe1 ,= he comm&$1 & !y 7 creat$4 --,psalm #adh3e4 ,he is also ! creator ( ! sea3 ,he ga!re? ! wat]s ( ! sea toge!r z a heap2 ,he laye? up ! deeps 9 /oreh\ses4 --,psalm #cc3g4 ,"h may be ins]t$ ! only ref]5ce 9 an ,assyrian hymn to ! creation ( ! sea3 ,?\ did/ b9d ! wide sea4 ,beside ?is %\ld be plac$ ! some:at simil> /atem5t 9 ,psalm #ajd3i3 ,?\ ha/ set a b\nd t !y may n pass ov]1 ,t !y turn n aga9 to cov] ! e>?4 ,once ,yahwe is prais$ z ! creator ( ! sea & ! l&3 ,! sea is 8 & he made x1 ,& 8 h& =m$ ! dry l&4 --,psalm #ie3e4 ,twice ,yahwe is ref]r$ to z 8mak] ( heav5 & e>?03 ,yahwe bless !e out ( ,zion1 ,mak] ( ,heav5 & ,e>?4 --,psalm #acd3c4 ,bless$ are ye ( ,yahwe1 ,mak] ( heav5 & e>?4 --,psalm #aae3ae4 ,9 ,psalm #cc3f-i1 ! creation ( ! heav5s1 ! sea1 ! e>? are ref]r$ to 9 ord] & ,psalm #ajd3b-i treats ( ! creation ( ! heav5s1 ! e>? & ! sea1 s+l+ out t :i* is especially m>vel\s 9 ! creation ( ea*4 ,z = ! heav5s1 x is t ! beams ( heav5's *amb]s are laid ^u ! wat]s ( ! heav5ly ocean4 ,z = ! e>?1 x is t its f\ndations are s surely fix$ t x is immovable2 & z = ! sea1 x is t its unruly wat]s %\ld be imprison$ )9 _! b\nds & re/ra9$ f ov]fl[+ ! e>?4 ,! ,assyrian deity is also cr$it$ ) ! creation ( gods & goddesses3 ,creator ( ! gods1 begett] ( ! goddesses4 --,hymn to ,as%ur4 ,?is creation is probably to be und]/ood 9 ! physical s5se1 = :i* !re are _m p>allels 9 poly!i/ic religions1 b no p>allel 9 ! ,hebrew hymns4 ,on ! o!r h& ! phraseology ( ! foll[+ passages3 ,k+ & rul]s ?\ name/1 ,s9ce to create gods & k+s re/s ) !e4 --,hymn to ,bel ,no4 #c4 ,?r\gh ! m\? may x be proclaim$2 ,)\t int]ruption may ! e> he> x1 ,t ,i ,as%ur h nam$ y to lord%ip ,ov] l& & m5 --,hymn to ,as%ur4 is entirely simil> to ,hebrew usage4 ,"h ! creation ( ,god & ,k+ is equival5t to nom9ation or appo9tm5t4 ,simil>ly ,yahwe appo9ts a k+ ov] ,zion3 ,yet ,i h set my k+ ,^u my holy hill ( ,zion4 ,i w tell ( ! decree3 ,yahwe said to me ,?\ art my son2 ,?is day h ,i begott5 !e4 --,psalm #b3f;f4 & 9 ,psalm #hb3f1 al?\gh x is n said t ,yahwe creates or begets ! gods1 yet x seems to be 8 fiat1 8 decree t calls !m into be+3 ,i said1 gods %all ye be ,& sons ( ! ,mo/ ,high all ( y4 ,x is also 8 decree t de/roys !m3 ,nev]!less z m5 %all ye die1 ,& z "o ( ! pr9ces %all ye fall4 ,x is a "q ( second>y importance :e!r ! ,elohim is "h to be int]pret$ z actually gods1 or judges4 ,9 ei!r case1 !re is ! simil>ity 9 ,assyrian & ,hebrew usage4 ,f9ally ! creation ( mank9d is ascrib$ to ! ,assyrian deity1 & by ?is is app>5tly meant ! creation ( ! entire human family3 ,at ?y comm& creat$ 0 mank9d4 --,hymn to ,bel ,no4 #c4 ,! creator ( all mank9d4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #ad4 ,h]o9e ,i%t>1 creator ( mank9d4 --,hymn to ,i%t> ,no4 #c4 ,! ,hebrew hymni/s also believ$ t ,yahwe creat$ mank9d1 & !y m>vell$ at ! p]fection ( man's body3 ,= ,i am fe>fully & wond]fully made4 --,psalm #aci3ad4 ,!y m>vell$ also at 8 supreme place 9 ! univ]se3 ,= ?\ ha/ caus$ him to lack little ( ! gods2 ,) glory & honor ?\ ha/ cr[n$ him4 --,psalm #h3f4 ,x is significant1 h[ev]1 t ,hebrew hymnal en?usiasm is n s mu* /irr$ by ! ?\ght ( ,yahwe z ! creator ( mank9d1 z x is by ! ?\ght ( him z ! creator ( ! ,hebrew nation3 ,let ,israel rejoice 9 its mak]1 ,let ! sons ( ,zion be joyful 9 _! ,k+4 --,psalm #adi3b4 ,come1 let u wor%ip & b[ d[n1 ,let u kneel be=e ,yahwe our mak]1 ,= he is our god1 & we are ,8 p & ! %eep ( 8 pa/ure4 --,psalm #ie3f;f4 ,?is conviction1 t ,yahwe 0 ! creator ( _! nation1 0 9 no small degree bo? cause & result ( ! p[]ful national & religi\s en?usiasm ( ! ,hebrews1 & ( t mighty religi\s exp]i5ce1 :i* f9ds s full & s free expression 9 ! ,hebrew hymns4 ,! ,supreme ,god z ! ,god ( ,nature ,! ,assyrian & ,hebrew hymnal lit]ature :i* praise ! deity z ! creator ( ! _w1 are also conc]n$ ) ! deity z ! god ( nature4 ,"o prom95t function ( bo? ,assyrian & ,hebrew deity 0 to ma9ta9 ! food supply4 ,assyrian & ,hebrew ,god1 give ! increase ( ! soil3 ,enlil1 :o make/ to ab\nd pure oil & milk3 ,fa!r ,enlil1 keep] ( ! plants ( ! g>d52 ,keep] ( ! gra9 fields are ?\4 --,hymn to ,enlil4 ,"l ( ! l&s1 k+ ( heav5 & e>?1 :o heaps up abundance1 ,"l ( ! liv+ ?+s1 m]ciful "o1 increas] ( ! :eat4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #c4 ,:o make? peace 9 ! bord]s ,:o fille? !e ) ! pure/ ( ! :eat4 --,psalm #adg3ad4 ,:o cause? grass to spr\t = ! cattle1 ,& h]bs = ! s]vice ( man1 ,to br+ =? food f ! e>?1 ,& w9e to make glad ! he>t ( man4 --,psalm #ajd3ad4 ,?\ di/ribute/ ! food ( cultivation to all habitations --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #b4 ,! ,assyrian deity ( ! hymni/ also provides food = ! gods1 probably ?r\gh ! sacrifices1 :i* 9 turn 7 dep5d5t ^u ! crops3 ,?\ supplie/ ! food ( god & goddess1 ,! creator among !m art ?\4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #i4 ,yahwe provides food n only = man b also = ! bea/s3 ,:o give? to ! bea/ its food1 ,to ! "y rav5s :i* cry4 --,psalm #adg3i4 ,! "y lions ro> aft] _! prey1 ,& seek f ,god _! food4 --,psalm #ajd3ba4 ,x may be rem>k$ t ^! v]ses reveal a close bond ( sympa?y betwe5 ! ,hebrew ,god & ! l[] animals4 ,?is f9ds fulle/ expression 9 ,psalm #ajd :]e ! brooks 9 ! m\nta9s af=d dr9k = ! wild bea/s1 & ! birds & ! c$>s ( ,lebanon avail = birds' ne/s1 ! high m\nta9s = ! wild goats & ! rocks = ! conies4 ,:ile ! ,assyrian hymns d n happ5 to speak ( ! god z provid+ food = ! animals1 yet !re is "o hymnal passage :i* reveals reg>d = ! l[] animals & p]haps also sugge/s a bond ( sympa?y betwe5 deity & ! l[] animals3 ,! creep+ bea/1 ! f\r foot$ "o1 ,= ?y great light _! eyes are direct$ to !e4 --,hymn to ,%ama% ,no4 #g4 ,! f]tility ( ! soil is directly due to ! act ( ! deity 9 s5d+ ra93 ,9 ! heav5s ,i take my place & s5d ra92 ,9 ! e>? ,i take my place & cause ! v]dure to spr+ =?4 --,hymn to ,i%t> ,no4 #d4 ,?\ cause/ to ra9 ! abundant ra9s1 mighty floods4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #a4 ,! ,hebrew poet rem>ks t ! ra9 comes f ! cl\ds1 & he has also obs]v$ t lightn+ is foll[$ by ra94 ,x is ,yahwe3 ,:o cov]e? ! heav5s ) cl\ds2 ,:o prep>e? = ! e>? ra92 ,:o make? grass to gr[ ^u ! m\nta9s4 --,psalm #adg3h4 ,:o br+e? up vapors f ! ends ( ! e>?2 ,lightn+s = ra9 he make?4 --,psalm #ace3g4 ,he wat]e? ! m\nta9s f 8 *amb]s4 --,psalm #ajd3ac4 ,likewise ! f]tility occasion$ by ! riv]s & /reams is due1 9 ! fir/ place1 to ! deities :i* h op5$ ! spr+s1 & guid$ ! /reams d[n into ! pla9s3 ,:o guide/ ! riv]s 9 ! mid/ ( ! m\nta9s1 ,:o op5e/ ! spr+s 9 ! mid/ ( ! hills4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #b4 ,?\ ma9ta9e/ abundance )\t end1 ! dri$ up spr+ ?\ op5e/4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #b4 ,director ( ! riv] c\rses1 op5] ( ! spr+s4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #c4 ,m>duk1 "l ( abundance ( ri*es1 :o p\rs d[n fullness1 ,"l ( ! m\nta9 /reams & wat]s1 rul] ( ! m\nta9s1 ,op5] ( ! f\nta9s & spr+s1 guide ( ! riv]s1 ,be/[] ( corn & gra91 creator ( :eat & b>ley1 r5ew] ( ! gre5 h]b4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #i4 ,gu%ea :o gives ! gr[? ( plants1 ,)\t !e is no riv] op5$1 no riv] %ut (f4 ,?\ :o grante/ life1 )\t !e is no canal op5$1 ,no canal %ut (f f :i* num]\s p dr9k2 ,)\t !e is no sacrificial portion1 no portion ( food4 --,hymn to ,i%t>4 ,yahwe also c op5 ! spr+3 ,:o turne/ ! rock into a pool ( wat]1 ,! fl9t into a f\nta9 ( wat] --,psalm #aad3h4 & ,yahwe is also ! guide ( ! /reams3 ,:o s5de/ =? spr+s into ! valleys1 ,betwe5 ! m\nta9s !y run4 --,psalm #ajd3aj4 ,9 addition to s5d+ ra9 f heav5 & caus+ /reams to irrigate ! pla9s1 ! ,assyrian deity also s[s ! se$3 ,ov] ! l& ?\ goe/ scatt]+ se$4 --,n9ib ,no4 #e4 ,! "w ( ! deities 9 nature z else:]e ne$ n always be done imm$iately1 b c be accompli%$ by ! spok5 ^w4 ,assyrian & ,hebrew hymns alike exalt ! p[] ( ! div9e ^w4 ,! voice t speaks ! ^w is a voice ( ?und]4 ,to him t ride? 9 ! anci5t heav5s1 ,he utt]e? 8 voice1 a voice ( /r5g?4 --,psalm #fh3cd4 ,z ! s\nd ( ,adad's ?und] ?y voice is awe inspir+4 --,m>duk ,,ii col4 ,,iii4 ,! ^w ( ,god is irresi/ible3 ,c\nsellor1 favorite ( ,ea1 ^: ^w _c be )/ood1 ,to ^: p[]ful ^w ! great ,igigi give he$4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #c4 ,?y ^w is proclaim$ 9 heav51 & ! ,igigi pro/rate !mselves3 ,?y ^w is proclaim$ on e>?1 & ! ,annunaki kiss ! gr\nd4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #e4 ,! ^w once spok5 is n to be recall$4 ,x is unalt]able4 ,x goes on to d t "w :i* ! deity ha? pleas$3 ,! exalt$ h]o1 ^: ^w is unalt]able4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #ad4 ,p]fect 9 judgm5t1 ^: ^w is n alt]$3 ,det]m9] ( de/9ies1 ^: ^w is n alt]$4 --,hymn to ,bel4 ,n9ib1 ^: comm& is n alt]$4 --,n9ib #d3cb4 ,! ^w ( ! deity has its my/]i\s indep5d5t exi/5ce3 ,?y ^w is l ! di/ant heav5 & ! conceal$ e>?1 :i* no man c see ,?y ^w :o c "k x1 :o c comp>e ) x8 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #e4 ,! ^w ex]ts its p[] 9 nature3 ,?y ^w s\nds on high l a /orm w9d & food & dr9k d ab\nd2 ,! ^w makes fat /all & /able & multiplies liv+ creatures4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #e4 ,m wond]ful /ill1 ! ^w has e?ical p[]3 ,?y ^w cause/ tru? & righte\sness to arise1 ,t m5 may speak ! tru?4 --,hymn to ,s9 l9e #bf4 ,! ^w also ex]ts its de/ructive p[] 9 nature3 ,?y ^w :5 x ext5ds to ! sea ! v sea is fright5$2 ,?y ^w :5 x ext5ds to ! m>%1 ! m>% lam5ts4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #d4 ,?y ^w is a l(ty net :i* ov] heav5 & e>? ?\ spreade/ out3 ,unto ! sea x turns1 ! sea takes fright3 ,unto ! m>% x turns1 ! m>% lam5ts3 ,to ! flood ( ,euphrates x turns2 ,! ^w ( ,m>duk /irs up ! bottom4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #e4 ,! ^w may br+ disa/] to p & to l&s3 ,8 ^w is br\ght to an en*ant]1 t en*ant] takes fright2 ,8 ^w is br\ght to a se]1 t se] takes fright2 ,8 ^w is br\ght to a sorr[ful man1 t man lam5ts2 ,8 ^w is br\ght to a sorr[ful woman1 t woman lam5ts2 ,8 ^w :5 x goes s(tly1 ru9s ! l&2 ,8 ^w :5 x goes p[]fully1 de/roys ! h\ses2 ,8 ^w makes p sick1 x makes ! p weak2 ,8 ^w :5 x goes on high1 makes ! l& sick2 ,8 ^w :5 x goes bel[1 deva/ates ! l&2 ,8 ^w :5 !re are five 9 a h\se1 drives out five2 ,8 ^w :5 !re are t5 9 a h\se1 drives out t54 --,hymn to ,n]gal ,no4 #f4 ,! utt]ance ( my exalt$ comm& de/roys ! l& ( ! foe4 --,hymn to ,belit4 ,likewise ! ^w ( ,yahwe has 9 ! biblical hymns its indep5d5t exi/5ce4 ,?is is app>5t 9 ,psalm #bi1 al?\gh 9 ?is in/ance x is ! ?und]1 z ! voice ( ! deity1 to :i* ! deva/ation 9 nature is attribut$4 ,yahwe's ^w ex]ts its p[] 9 nature2 caus+ ! sn[ & ice to =m1 & aga9 caus+ !m to disappe>3 ,he s5de? 8 comm& to e>?2 ,swiftly runne? 8 ^w4 --,psalm #adg3ae4 ,he s5de? 8 ^w & melte? !m2 ,he cause? 8 w9d to bl[ & ! wat] fl[s4 --,psalm #adg3ah4 ,fire & hail1 sn[ & vapor1 ,/orm w9d fulfill+ 8 ^w4 --,psalm #adh3h4 ,= ! ,hebrew1 ! p[] ( ,yahwe's ^w is manife/$ supremely 9 ! creation ( ! _w3 ,ov] ! m\nta9s /ood ! wat]s3 ,at ?y rebuke !y fl$2 ,at ! voice ( ! ?und] !y ha/$ away4 --,psalm #ajd3g4 ,by ! ^w ( ,yahwe 7 ! heav5s made1 ,& by ! brea? ( 8 m\? _! ho/4 --,psalm #cc3f4 ,= he spake1 & x 0 done2 ,he comm&$1 & x /ood fa/4 --,psalm #cc3i4 ,= he comm&$ & !y 7 creat$4 --,psalm #adh3e4 ,*apt] ,,xiii ,,! ,,supreme ,,god ,,z ,,wise1 ,,p[]ful1 ,,m]ciful ,f ! works ( ,god 9 creation & nature1 ! hymni/ passes readily & naturally to ! ?\ght ( ,god's wisdom4 ,! ,assyrian hymns 9 _m passages extol ! wisdom ( ,god1 b wisdom1 z "o might expect 9 a poly!i/ic religion is attribut$ to ! deities 9 v>y+ degree4 ,"s passages almo/ seem to appraise ! god's intellectual capacity3 ,( clev] m9d exce$+ wise to ^: plans no?+ is comp>able4 --,hymn to ,n]gal ,no4 #f4 ,( big he>t & deep und]/&+4 --,hymn to ,as%ur4 ,o "l1 ,bel1 ?\ pr9ce1 :o art mighty 9 und]/&+4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #aj4 ,p[]ful "o1 ( op5 m9d1 director ( gods & m54 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #i4 ,v simil> to ?is 9 ! juxtaposition ( p[] & wisdom is ,psalm #adg3e3 ,great is our ,"l & mighty 9 p[]2 ,to 8 und]/&+ !re is no measurem5t4 ,! k ( ! god is due 9 "p to ! fact t f 8 place ( vantage 9 heav5 he is able to obs]ve all ?+s3 ,lady ( heav51 ! l&s1 & ! seas1 ,all liv+ be+s ( ! e>? ?\ beholde/4 --,hymn to ,i%t> ,no4 #a4 ,z = ^? :o speak ) ! tongue 9 all c\ntries1 ,?\ kn[e/ _! plans1 _! walk ?\ obs]ve/1 ,%ama%1 wise "o1 l(ty "o1 ?9e own c\nsellor art ?\4 --,hymn to ,%ama% ,no4 #g4 ,v simil>ly x is said ( ,yahwe3 ,f ,heav5 looke? ,yahwe3 ,he beholde? all ! sons ( m52 ,f 8 dwell+ place he reg>de? ,all ! inhabitants ( ! e>?4 ,he ha? =m$ ( all ( !m _! he>ts1 ,he t consid]e? all _! de$s4 --,psalm #cc3ac-ae4 ,b ! k ( "s ,assyrian deities is deep] ?an t1 = ! gods read ! om5s & s le>n ! fates ( m5 & nations = ! ye>s to come3 ,) ,s9 9 ! heav5s ?\ see/ ?r\gh ev]y?+4 --,hymn to ,n]gal ,no4 #a4 ,:o looks ?r\gh all signs1 introduces om5s4 --,hymn to ,nusku ,no4 #b4 ,! god ap>t f :om 9 ! deep ! lot ( man is n det]m9$ --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #c4 ,:ile ! gods1 9 "s passages1 are ?\ght ( z simply read+ ! signs1 9 o!rs1 !y actually h 9 _! h&s ! det]m9ation ( de/9ies3 ,bel ?y fa!r has grant$ !e1 ,t ! law ( all ! gods ?y h& %\ld hold2 ,?\ r5d]e/ ! judgm5t ( mank9d4 --,hymn to ,n9ib ,no4 #a4 ,:o gave ! fates ( ! great gods into ?y h&2 ,:o comm&$ ! kiss+ ( ?y feet1 & appo9t$ = !e homage4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,nos4 #a1 #aj4 ,o "l1 :o det]m9es ! decision ( heav5 & e>?1 ,^: comm& is n set aside4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #e4 ,p]fect 9 judgm5t1 ^: ^w is n alt]$2 ,det]m9] ( de/9ies1 ^: ^w is n alt]$4 --,hymn to ,bel4 ,p[]ful1 /ately "l ( gods1 det]m9] ( fates1 ,?\ :o fixe/ ! law ( ! deep1 imp>te/ to ! gods sacrifice & pres5ts4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #a4 ,:o do/ call to lord%ip1 do/ be/[ ! sceptre2 ,det]m9e/ de/9ies = f> (f days4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #e4 ,as%ur1 p[]ful /ately "l ( ! gods1 det]m9] ( fates4 --,hymn to ,as%ur4 ,yahwe is also ! det]m9] ( de/9y1 b he is a rational p[] beh9d ev5ts4 ,x is ! plan ( 8 own he>t t he c>ries into effect3 ,yahwe br+e? to n\ght ! c\nsel ( ! nations2 ,he make? ( no effect ! plans ( peoples4 --,psalm #cc3aj4 ,! c\nsel ( ,yahwe = ev] %all /&2 ,! plans ( 8 he>t = all g5]ations4 --,psalm #cc3aa4 ,he cutte? (f ! _s ( pr9ces2 ,t]rible is he to ! k+s ( ! e>?4 --,psalm #gf3ac4 ,s9ce ! ev5ts ( e>? are influ5c$ s l>gely by ! e>?ly sov]eign1 x is altoge!r natural t ! deity's det]m9ation ( de/9ies %\ld h special application to ! case ( ! k+4 ,?is makes x easi] to und]/& h[ ! ,hebrews look$ to ,yahwe to set ^u ! ?rone ( ,zion an ideal k+4 7,psalms #b1 #aaj1 & #gb47 ,h[ev] magical ! ,assyrian conception ( ! det]m9ation ( fate1 ! ,assyrian deities are 9 "s passages hail$ z omnisci5t3 ,o "l t kn[e/ fate1 :o ( ?yself art glori\s 9 ,sum]1 ,fa!r ,enlil1 "l ( un]r+ ^w1 ,fa!r ,enlil1 ^: omnisci5ce is self-creat$1 ,?\ posse/ all wisdom1 p]fect 9 p[]4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #a4 ,mighty "l ( ! gods1 all kn[+ "o4 --,hymn to ,as%ur4 ,( op5 m9d1 kn[] ( ! ^w1 kn[] ( ev]y?+4 --,hymn to ,n]gal ,no4 #f4 ,! wisdom ( ! gods is s deep t x _c be easily fa?om$ & und]/ood3 ,o ,anu ( ! heav5s1 ^: purpose no man kn[s1 ,^: comm& is n alt]$ & ^: purpose no god kn[s4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #e4 ,o mighty lead] ^: deep inn] be+ no god und]/&s4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #e4 ,) ^! passages may be comp>$3 ,h[ great are ?y works1 ,yahwe2 ,exce$+ deep are ?y purposes4 --,psalm #ib3f4 ,x is especially 9 ! works ( ,yahwe t ! ,hebrew f9ds ,8 wisdom reveal$3 ,h[ _m are ?y works1 ,yahwe1 ,all ( !m 9 wisdom ha/ ?\ done4 --,psalm #ajd3bd4 ,! gods ?us possess$ ( wisdom & k are c\nsellors3 ,%ama%1 wise "o1 l(ty "o1 ?9e own c\nsellor art ?\4 --,hymn to ,%ama% ,no4 #g4 ,) ,ea 9 ! multitude ( ! gods is ?y c\nsel prem95t4 --,hymn to ,n]gal ,no4 #a4 ,"l1 lead] & c\nsellor ( ! great gods4 --,hymn to ,nusku ,no4 #a4 ,judge ( ! _w1 lead] 444 p[]ful "o1 ,?\ imp>te/ c\nsel1 "l ( ! gods4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #a4 ,among ! gods sup]ior is ?y c\nsel4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #c4 ,read+ ^! words1 "o he>s aga9 ! voice ( ! great prophet ( ! ,babylonian exile4 ,he seems to sc(f at ?is feature ( poly!ism1 j z else:]e he sc(fs at idolatry3 ,:o ha? direct$ ! _s ( ,yahwe1 ,& z a c\nsellor ha? taught him1 ,) :om took he c\nsel1 & :o in/ruct$ him1 ,& taught him k & %[$ him ! way ( und]/&+8 --,isaiah #dj3ac4 ,c\nsel is giv5 to gods & m5 by means ( oracles3 ,be=e ?y face ! great gods b[ d[n1 ! fate ( ! _w is set be=e !e1 ,! great gods besee* !e1 & ?\ give/ c\nsel2 ,!y take _! /& all ( !m1 !y petition at ?y feet2 ,o ,s91 glori\s "o ( ,ekur1 !y besee* !e1 ,& ?\ give/ ! oracle ( ! gods4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #a4 ,to give om5s d ,i arise1 d ,i arise 9 p]fection1 ,beside my fa!r ,s9 to give om5s d ,i arise 9 p]fection1 ,beside my bro!r ,%ama% to give om5s d ,i arise 9 p]fection4 --,hymn to ,i%t> ,no4 #e4 ,if "o seeks advice1 dem&s a suitable decision1 s t[>d ,m>duk is 8 att5tion4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #a4 ,k9dly is ?y ?\ghtfulness1 ?\ imp>te/ c>eful c\nsel4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #b4 ,"o mu/ rem>k "h ! complete abs5ce f ! biblical hymns ( any ref]5ce to ,yahwe z ! giv] ( oracles4 ,:5 "o rememb]s h[ frequ5tly1 9 ! hi/orical n>ratives1 resort is _h to ! deity = disclosure ( ! future1 its abs5ce f ! hymns seems significant4 ,! hymns are curi\sly sil5t ab\t ,yahwe z ! c\nsellor ( m51 al?\gh te/imony is giv5 9 ! non-hymnal psalms to ! atta9m5t ( spiritual insight 9 ! temple4 ,= ! au?or ( ,psalm #ai3h-ae1 wisdom & k are /or$ up 9 ! law4 ,!re may h be5 a c]ta9 reaction aga9/ seek+ guidance ( ! deity because ( ,assyrian magical practises1 b ! fact is t ! hymns are less conc]n$ ) ,god's plans = ! individual ?an !y are ) 8 et]nal plan = 8 p4 ,! ,supreme ,god z ,p[]ful ,! wise ,god is also ! p[]ful ,god4 ,! ,assyrian deities1 z well z ,yahwe1 are prem95tly w> gods4 ,?is fact is e/abli%$ by ! a/oni%+ly l>ge numb] ( ref]5ces to _! w> activities4 ,i w fir/ cite examples to e/abli% ! fact t !y are w>riors3 ,o ,%ama%1 w>rior h]o1 be prais$4 --,hymn to ,%ama% ,no4 #d4 ,de/roy] ( ! enemy :o 9 ! mid/ ( combat1 amid ! cla% ( weapons & confusion ( battle1 art fe>less4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #a4 ,mighty 9 battle ^: attack is p[]ful4 --,hymn to ,nusku ,no4 #c4 ,beside my fa!r 9 battle ,i take my place2 ,beside ,bel 9 combat & battle ,i /&4 --,hymn to ,i%t> ,no4 #d4 ,"l great w>rior1 endu$ ) /r5g?1 ,inhabit+ ,imila ca/+ d[n ! foe4 --,hymn to ,bel ,no4 #b4 ,am ,i n supreme ,i am ! w>rior4 --,hymn to ,belit4 ,! w>rior :o at ! decision ( ,ea into ! t]rible battle goes am ,i4 --,hymn to ,n9ib ,no4 #c4 ,w>rior rag+ flood1 de/roy] ( ! ho/ile l&4 --,hymn to ,n]gal ,no4 #d4 ,!re are v _m ref]5ces to ,yahwe z w>rior4 ,8 w>like titles are giv5 9 ,psalm #bd3 ,yahwe1 /rong & mighty1 ,yahwe1 mighty 9 battle4 --,psalm #bd3h4 ,yahwe ( ho/s1 ,he is ! k+ ( glory4 --,psalm #bd3aj4 ,! ,assyrian deity may be ! comm&] ( an army3 ,t]rible "o to plund] ! enemy's l& he assembles 8 army1 ,n9ib mighty god1 w>rior1 pr9ce ( ! ,annunaki1 comm&] ( ! ,igigi --,hymn to ,n9ib ,no4 #ba4 ,yahwe also has 8 army3 ,! *>iots ( ,god are myriads ,aga9/ 8 enemies4 --,psalm #fh3ah4 ,yahwe's mom5t\s title is3 ,yahwe ( ho/s4 --,psalm #bd3aj4 ,due homage is paid to ! /r5g? & pr[ess ( ! deity3 ,be=e 8 might1 ! gods 9 8 city humbly pro/rate !mselves4 --,hymn to ,n9ib ,no4 #e4 ,bel1 fill$ ) p[]1 ,) t]rible brilliancy adorn$1 de/ructive /orm1 furni%$ ) frightfulness4 --,hymn to ,bel ,no4 #a4 ,fir/-born ( ,ea1 :o 9 heav5 & ^u e>? art ov]p[]+ --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #g4 ,i w praise 8 p[]1 rev]5ce 8 /r5g?4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #d4 ,( trem5d\s p[]1 ^: bl[ is visible1 cr\*es an evil demon at 8 side4 --,hymn to ,n]gal ,no4 #e4 ,p[]ful "o ,mo/ mighty "o4 --,hymn to ,n]gal ,no4 #f4 ,likewise ,yahwe is1 to repeat aga9 ! words ( ,psalm #bd3 ,yahwe /rong & mighty ,yahwe might 9 battle4 ,ascribe ye /r5g? unto ,god2 ,8 excell5cy is ov] ,israel1 ,& 8 /r5g? is 9 ! skies4 ,t]rible art ?\1 ,o ,god f ! sanctu>y4 --,psalm #fh3ce4 ,yahwe's /r5g? is 9 8 arm3 ,ha? wr\ght salvation = him 8 "r h& ,& 8 holy arm4 --,psalm #ih3a4 ,to !e is an arm ) /r5g?2 ,/rong is ?y h&1 & high ?y "r h&4 --,psalm #hi3ad4 ,! attack ( ! w> god is z ! onru% ( a t]rible electric /orm3 ,9 ! face ( ! battle :5 ,i take my place1 ,a /orm ^: p[] is exalt$ am ,i4 --,hymn to ,i%t> ,no4 #d4 ,n9ib1 ?y t]rible %ad[ /ret*es ov] ! l&4 --,hymn to ,n9ib ,no4 #d4 ,9 ! /orm w9d 8 weapons blaze =?4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #e4 ,a ?und]+ /orm ov] ! _w regions break+1 ,a rag+ /orm lay+ wa/e heav5 & e>?4 --,hymn to ,i%t> ,no4 #c4 ,heav5 & e>? are %ak54 ,! m\nta9s are ablaze ) flame4 ,! ocean dep?s are /irr$ up3 ,! heav5s ,i cause to quake1 ! e>? to %ake t is my glory4 --,hymn to ,i%t> ,no4 #e4 ,at ^: battle heav5 quakes4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #e4 ,be=e ! ,"l tremble1 ,o e>?1 ,be=e ! ,god ( ,jacob4 --,psalm #aad3g4 ,! e>? %ook1 also ! heav5s dropp$ ra9 be=e ,god4 --,psalm #fh3i4 ,) 8 flame /eep m\nta9s are de/roy$4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #e4 ,! m\nta9s ,i ov]:elm altoge!r4 --,hymn to ,i%t> ,no4 #e4 ,! weapon :i* de/roys ! high m\nta9s *os5 = royal lord%ip am ,i4 --,hymn to ,n9ib ,no4 #c4 ,! m\nta9s skipp$ l rams1 ,! hills l lambs4 --,psalm #aad3c4 ,:o looke? on ! e>? & x tremble?2 ,he t\*e? ! m\nta9s & !y smoke4 --,psalm #ajd3cb4 ,8 lightn+s light5$ ! e>?2 ,! e>? saw1 & trembl$2 ,! m\nta9s melt$ l wax be=e ,yahwe1 ,be=e ! ,"l ( all ! e>?4 --,psalm #ig3d;f4 ,! sea also is affect$ by ! attack ( ! w> god3 ,at ^: wra? ! deep is tr\bl$4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #e4 ,he ov]:elme? ! expanse ( ! bill[y ocean4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #e4 ,"o c comp>e ) ?is3 ,! sea saw & fl$2 ,! ,jordan turn$ backw>d4 --,psalm #aad3c4 ,! attack ( ! w> god is ( c\rse irresi/ible & 8 enemies suff] defeat4 ,! great ,m>duk n ev5 ! gods c oppose3 ,at ! po9t ( ^: weapon ! gods turn back1 ,^: furi\s attack no "o v5tures to oppose1 ,/orm flood1 weapon aga9/ :i* no resi/ance is possible4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #ad4 ,:o e/abli%e/ defeat1 :o br+e? ab\t victory1 ,k+ ( ! battle1 wise "o1 p[]ful "o1 m]ciless1 ,:o de/roye/ all enemies4 --,hymn to ,n]gal ,no4 #b4 ,h]o1 ^: sn>e ca/s d[n ! foe4 --,hymn to ,n9ib ,no4 #d4 ,lance unresi/+ :i* de/roys all enemies4 --,hymn to ,n9ib ,no4 #b4 ,simil>ly ,yahwe is irresi/ible3 ,t]rible art ?\1 & :o %all /& be=e !e1 ,be=e ! /r5g? ( ?y ang]8 --,psalm #gf3h4 ,let ,god arise1 let 8 enemies be scatt]$1 ,& let ^? :o hate him flee be=e him4 --,psalm #fh3b4 ,= ,yahwe mo/ high is t]rible1 ,a great k+ ov] all ! e>?4 ,he w trample nations b5ea? u1 ,& peoples b5ea? our feet4 --,psalm #dg3c;f4 ,i w\ld soon subdue _! enemies ,& turn my h& aga9/ _! adv]s>ies4 --,psalm #ha3ae4 ,9 ! hymns a good deal ( att5tion is paid to ! weapon ( ! god4 ,x may be a 8b[03 ,be=e 8 t]rible b[ ! heav5s /& fa/4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #d4 ,& ?is may mean t on ! production ( 8 t]rible weapon1 ! enemy surr5d]s & ! /orm ceases1 j z :5 ,yahwe hangs up 8 b[ aft] ! conflict ( ! ?und]/orm1 "o kn[s t ! ra9 is ov]1 & t !re w be no flood4 ,or ! weapon may be a lance3 ,lance unre/+ :i* de/roys all enemies --,hymn to ,n9ib ,no4 #b4 or m t]rible /ill a dragon3 ,?y weapon is a dragon1 f ^: m\? no poison fl[s2 ,! weapon is a dragon1 f ^: m\? no blood spr+s4 --,hymn to ,nebo ,no4 #b4 ,yahwe c]ta9ly wields an effective weapon3 ,b ,god w smite ?r\gh ! head ( 8 enemies ,! hairy head ( su* a "o z goe? on 9 8 wick$ness4 --,psalm #fh3bb4 ,?\ ha/ brok5 ,rahab 9 pieces z "o t is sla92 ,?\ ha/ scatt]$ ?y enemies ) ! arm ( ?y /r5g?4 --,psalm #hi3aa4 ,bo? ,assyrian & ,hebrew w> god use fire z a weapon3 ,nusku :o burns up & ov]p[]s ! foe4 --,hymn to ,nusku ,no4 #c4 ,a fire goe? be=e him & burne? 8 enemies r\nd ab\t4 --,psalm #ig3c4 ,! ,assyrian hymns emphasize ! impossibility ( escape f ! sight & p[] ( ! god3 ,?y glance :o avoids x1 ,?y attack :o escapes x8 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #d4 ,?\ gaze/ ^u all inhabit$ places2 ,! evil do] ?\ de/roye/ quickly4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #c4 ,bel :o ?r\gh 8 glance ca/s d[n ! mighty ,bel1 ) ?9e eyes ?\ see/ ev]y?+2 ,ov] ! wide heav5s goes out ?y m9d4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #ab4 ,:5 ?\ lifte/ up ?9e eyes1 :o c escape8 --,hymn to ,n]gal ,no4 #f4 ,:o is !re be=e me1 :o is !re beh9d me1 ,f ! lift+ up ( m9e eyes :o c escape1 ,f ! ru% ( my onslaught :o c flee8 --,hymn to ,belit4 ,!re is an incomp>ably f9] conception ( god's omnipres5ce & omnisci5ce 9 ,psalm #aci3g-ab3 ,:i!r %all ,i g f ?y ,_s8 ,or :i!r %all ,i flee f ?y pres5ce8 ,if ,i asc5d up unto heav5 ?\ art !re2 ,if ,i make my b$ 9 ,%eol behold ?\ art !re2 ,if ,i take ! w+s ( ! morn+1 ,& dwell 9 ! utt]mo/ p>ts ( ! sea1 ,ev5 !re %all ?y h& lead me1 ,& ?y "r h& hold me4 ,if ,i say3 ,surely ! d>kness %all ov]:elm me1 ,& ! light ab\t me %all be night1 ,ev5 ! d>kness hide? n f !e1 ,b ! night %9e? z ! day4 ,! d>kness & ! light are bo? alike to !e4 ,! ,supreme ,god z ,m]ciful ,! wise & p[]ful ,god is also ! m]ciful "o1 = m]cy is an attribute ( ! ,assyrian deities z ( ,yahwe3 ,"l ( all creatures1 m]ciful unto ! l&s art ?\1 --,hymn to ,%ama% ,no4 #a4 ,m]ciful "o among ! gods4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #g4 ,m>duk ! m]ciful1 ^: turn+ i4e4 m]cy is ne>4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #d4 ,m]ciful & graci\s is ,yahwe2 ,sl[ to ang] & pl5te\s 9 m]cy4 --,psalm #ajc3h4 ,graci\s & m]ciful is ,yahwe1 ,sl[ to ang] & great 9 m]cy1 ,good is ,yahwe to all1 ,& 8 m]cy is ov] all 8 works4 --,psalm #ade3h;f4 ,b ?\1 ,"l art a god1 m]ciful & graci\s1 ,sl[ to ang] & pl5te\s 9 m]cy & tru?4 --,psalm #hf3ae4 ,! div9e m]cy is ext5d$ to ! un=tunate1 ! oppress$ ! weak & ! ag$1 ! b[$ d[n & ! fall51 ! ob$i5t & ^? :o fe> ! deity3 ,he has e/abli%$ ! god-fe>]s1 to ! oppress$ he has br\ght deliv]ance2 ,he has grant$ favors to ! ob$i5t1 br\ght salvation to ! j4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #b4 ,! fall5 "o ?\ seize/ & raise/ up1 ,a judgm5t ( "r & ju/ice ?\ judge/4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #d4 ,yahwe execute? righte\s acts1 ,& judgm5ts = all oppress$4 --,psalm #ajc3f4 ,:o keepe? tru? = ev]1 ,:o execute? judgm5t = ! oppress$4 --,psalm #adf3f4 ,?\ lifte/ up ! weak1 ?\ increase/ ! small2 ,?\ raise/ up ! p[]less1 ?\ protecte/ ! weak4 ,m>duk1 unto ! fall5 ?\ grante/ m]cy2 ,/&s "u ?y protection ! weakl+ 444 ?\ comm&e/ 8 rais+ up4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #ab4 ,m]ciful god1 :o raise/ up ! l[ly1 ,:o protecte/ ! weak4 --,hymn to ,%ama% ,no4 #e4 ,him :o is b[$ d[n ,i lift up2 ,! ag$ "o ,i lift up4 --,hymn to ,belit4 ,yahwe upholde? all :o fall2 ,he raise? up all :o are b[$ d[n4 --,psalm #ade3ad4 ,assyrian usage supports ! view t ! poor & ! ne$y ( ! psalms1 & ! b>r5 woman ( ,psalm #aac are n to be int]pret$ z ! ,jewi% nation1 b z individuals4 ,yahwe1 says ! ,psalmi/1 is ! incomp>able ,god1 9 t f 8 glori\s seat 9 ! heav5s he b5de? l[ to help ! ne$y ^u ! e>?1 ,he raise? f ! du/ ! poor2 ,f ! dunghill he lifte? up ! ne$y1 ,to cause him to sit ) pr9ces1 ,ev5 ) ! pr9ces ( 8 p2 ,he make? ! b>r5 woman to rema9 at home1 ,z a "m ( *ildr51 joy\s4 --,psalm #aac3g;ff4 ,! ,hebrew hymn is1 if any?+ m concrete ?an ! ,assyrian1 9 t x m5tions n only ! b>r5 wife z above 7"o ?9ks ( ,s>ah1 ,ra*el1 ,hannah71 b also ! wid[ & ! orphan & ! soj\rn]1 z special objects ( ! deity's compassion4 ,yahwe love? ! righte\s3 ,yahwe protecte? ! soj\rn]s2 ,! fa!rless & ! wid[ he upholde?2 ,b ! way ( ! wick$ he p]v]te?4 --,psalm #adf3i4 ,a fa!r ( ! fa!rless1 & a judge ( ! wid[1 ,is ,god 9 8 holy habitation4 --,psalm #fh3f4 ,yahwe's m]cy1 z 0 t ( ! ,assyrian deity1 is ext5d$ 9 a special degree to ^? :o keep 8 cov5ant & obey 8 comm&m5ts3 ,b ! m]cy ( ,yahwe is ev]la/+1 ,& 8 righte\sness to *ildr5's *ildr51 ,to ^? :o fai?fully keep 8 cov5ant1 ,& rememb] 8 precepts to d !m4 --,psalm #ajc3ag-ah4 ,m>vell\sly t5d] is ! quality ( t m]cy ext5d$ to ! exiles return+ to ,j]usalem3 ,yahwe builde? up ,j]usalem3 ,! disp]s$ ( ,israel he ga!rs toge!r3 ,he heale? ! brok5 9 he>t1 ,& b9de? up _! w\nds4 --,psalm #adg3b;f4 ,!re are _m phrases 9 ! ,assyrian hymns to express ! compassion ( ! deity = ! sick & 8 p[] to heal4 ,two =ms ( expression are p>ticul>ly int]e/+4 ,! sick man is spok5 ( z "o :o is b\nd1 8 cure z ! loos+ ( a captive2 & a p]son extremely sick is spok5 ( z already dead1 s t 8 cure is equival5t to ! br++ ( ! dead back to life3 ,m>duk ,son ( ! abyss1 ^: holy =mula be/[s life2 ,m>duk1 great magician ( ! gods :o make? alive ! dead2 ,t]rible /orm1 :i* drive? away ! great demons2 ,"l ( magic1 be=e :om devils & demons ( sickness hide !mselves2 ,"l1 :o drives out sickness1 de/roys ! m\nta9s2 ,pr9ce ( ! _w regions1 gu>dian ( life2 ,:o make? alive ! dead1 sole rul] ( heav5 & e>?4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #ag4 ,m]ciful "o among ! gods ,m]ciful "o :o loves ! awak5+ ( ! dead4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #g4 ,%ama%1 to give life to ! dead1 to loos5 ! captive is 9 ?y h&4 --,hymn to ,%ama% ,no4 #f4 ,?\ leade/ him t is )\t a lead]1 ! man t is 9 ne$3 ,?\ graspe? ! h& ( ! weak2 ,?\ raise/ up him t is b[$ d[n2 ,! body ( ! man t has be5 br\ght to ! l[] _w ?\ do/ re/ore4 --,hymn to ,n9ib ,no4 #a4 ,%9+ "l1 :o doe? good to ! l&1 :o ?r\gh 8 ^w ,! evil sickness seiz$1 to its place bani%$ x2 ,m]ciful "o1 giv] ( life1 re/or] ( ! dead to life1 ,:o supporte? tru? & ju/ice1 :o de/roye? ! evil4 --,hymn to ,n9ib ,no4 #b4 ,al?\gh ! ,hebrews 9 sickness pray$ unto ,yahwe & 7 cur$ ,psalms #hf3ac1 #af2 #ca2 #ch1 yet !re are few ascriptions ( praise to ,yahwe z ! heal] ( disease4 ,?is may be because ! cure ( sickness 0 apt to be s l>gely a matt] ( magic3 ,yahwe loose? ! b\nd3 ,yahwe op5e? ! eyes ( ! bl9d2 ,yahwe raise? up !m t are b[$ d[n4 --,psalm #adf3g;f4 ,:o =give? all ?9e iniquities3 ,:o heale? all ?y diseases2 ,:o satisfie? ?y desire ) good ?+s1 ,s t ?y y\? is r5ew$ l ! eagle4 --,psalm #ajc3c1 #e4 ,9 bo? ! ,assyrian & ,hebrew hymns !re are a few ref]5ces to ! deity z pres]v+ life3 ,pres]v] ( life1 pr9ce ( ,ema*tila1 r5ew] ( life4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #ac4 ,d>l+ ( ,ea1 giv] ( life2 ,pr9ce ( ,babylon1 protector ( life4 --,hymn to ,nebo ,no4 #a4 ,:o holde? our s\l 9 life1 ,& suff]e? n our feet to be mov$4 --,psalm #ff3i4 ,! next two passages ref] to ,yahwe's protection 9 "t ( fam9e & w>3 ,behold1 ! eye ( ,yahwe is unto ^? :o fe> him1 ,to ^? :o wait = 8 lov+ k9dness1 ,to deliv] f dea? _! s\l1 ,& to keep !m alive 9 fam9e4 --,psalm #cc3ah;f4 ,god is to u a god ( deliv]ance1 ,& to ,yahwe our "l belonge? escape f dea?4 --,psalm #fh3ba4 ,!re are 9 ! ,assyrian hymns a numb] ( examples ( ! god's m]cy 9 =giv+ s93 ,he :o has s91 ?\ =give/ quickly ! s92 ,he aga9/ :om 8 god gu>dian is angry1 ?\ turne/ to him ) favor4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #d4 ,he :o has s9n$ ?\ sp>e/4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #af4 ,= him :o possesses s9 ! s9 ?\ do/ remove2 ,! man ) :om 8 gu>dian god is angry ?\ art quick to favor4 ,j z !re 7 few ref]5ces 9 ! biblical hymns to ,yahwe z heal+ sickness1 s !re are a/oni%+ly few ref]5ces to him z =giv+ s94 ,9 fact !re are b two1 & !y are bo? f\nd 9 an individual hymn3 ,:o =give? all ?y iniquities1 ,:o heale? all ?y diseases4 --,psalm #ajc3c4 ,z f> z ! ,ea/ is f ! ,we/1 ,s f> ha? he remov$ our transgressions f u4 --,psalm #ajc3ab4 ,! m]cy ( ! ,god is sometimes atte/$ by ! titles :i* he be>s4 ,bo? 9 ! ,assyrian & ! biblical hymns1 ! deity is call$ ,%eph]d4 ,9 ! ,assyrian hymns1 ! god is %eph]d n only ( ! ,assyrians1 b ( all peoples & ( all liv+ ?+s3 ,fa!r ,enlil1 %eph]d ( ! d>k head$ p4 --,hymn to ,enlil4 ,%eph]dess ( all l&s ( ! _w1 ,:i* are submissive to !e1 :i* rememb] to wor%ip !e4 --,hymn to ,i%t> ,no4 #c4 ,! p ( ! c\ntries all ( !m ?\ protecte/2 ,:at ,ea ! k+1 ! pr9ce has creat$ ( all ?\ art protector1 ,?\ %eph]de/ all creat$ life toge!r4 --,hymn to ,%ama% ,no4 #g4 ,giv5 !e has ,bel ?y fa!r ! blackhead$ race1 all liv+ creatures2 ,! cattle ( ! field1 ! liv+ creatures he has entru/$ to ?y h&4 --,hymn to ,n]gal ,no4 #a4 ,humanity1 ! black head$ peoples1 ,! liv+ s\ls z _m z are 9 ! l&1 ,! f\r _w regions entire1 ,! div9e be+s ( all heav5 & e>?1 z _m z !re are1 ,to !e is _! att5tion turn$3 ,?\ art _! god1 ?\ art _! gu>dian god2 ,x is ?\ :o grante/ !m life2 ,x is ?\ :o pres]ve? !m unhurt4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #e4 ,! ,hebrew ,god is ,%eph]d ( ,israel1 8 own peculi> p4 ,= ,he is our ,god1 & we are ,! p ( 8 pa/ure & ! %eep ( 8 h&4 --,psalm #ie3g4 ,"k t ,yahwe1 ,he is ,god3 ,he made u1 & we are ,81 ,8 p1 & ! %eep ( 8 pa/ure4 --,psalm #ajj3c4 ,! ,assyrian deity is frequ5tly address$ 9 ! hymns z fa!r4 ,probably x orig9ally meant fa!r ( ! gods 9 a physical s5se4 ,9 "s in/ances x may h meant no m ?an ! supreme god3 ,fa!r ,nann>1 "l ,an%>1 *ief ( ! gods4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #e4 ,fa!r ,enlil--"l ( l&s4 --,hymn to ,enlil4 ,! title ( ,fa!r is also assign$ to ! deity z creator ( m5 & all liv+ ?+s3 ,fa!r1 begett] ( gods & m51 ,:o do/ build dwell+s & e/abli%e/ (f]+s4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #e4 ,fa!r1 begett] ( all ?+s1 ,:o looke/ ^u all liv+ ?+s4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #e4 ,) ! same significance ! deity is address$ 9 ! foll[+ c\plet3 ,"m womb begett] ( all ?+s ,:o has tak5 up 8 exalt$ habitation among liv+ creatures4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #e4 ,religi\s mean+ is put into ! t]m 9 ! foll[+ two examples3 ,o m]ciful graci\s fa!r1 ,:o ha? tak5 into 8 c>e ! life ( ! :ole _w4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #e4 ,?\ art "l1 z ,fa!r & "m among m5 art ?\4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #i4 ,yahwe is else:]e 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t ! fa!r ( ! ,hebrew nation 7,hosea71 & ! fa!r ( ! ,messiah 7,psalm #b71 b 9 ! hymns he is n actually call$ fa!r1 ?\gh 8 compassion is lik5$ to t ( a fa!r = 8 *ildr54 ,l z a fa!r pitie? 8 *ildr51 ,s ,yahwe pitie? ^? :o fe> him4 ,= ,he1 inde$1 kn[e? our frame2 ,he rememb]e? t we are du/4 --,psalm #ajc3ac;f4 ,*apt] ,,xiv ,,! ,,supreme ,,god ,,z ,,k+ ,,& ,,judge ,! f9al significance & supreme importance ( deity = ,assyrian & ,hebrew hymni/s is p]haps be/ summ$ up 9 ! words3 8,k+0 & 8,judge40 ,to be sure ! p]son 9 sickness ( any k9d c\ld & did h rec\rse to ! god :o _h wisdom & p[] to "w deliv]ance4 ,b1 ev5 z ! life ( ! ,assyrian & ,hebrew peoples revolv$ ar\nd ! e>?ly k+ ^u 8 ?rone1 s !y s\ght = au?ority & lead]%ip1 protection & prosp]ity1 9 a heav5ly k+1 ^: "r x 0 to reign 9 heav5 & on e>?4 ,x is n /range !n t _m ,assyrian hymns d homage to ! deity z1 8,k+ ( heav5 & e>?03 ,%ama% k+ ( heav5 & e>? gov]nor ( ?+s above & bel[4 --,hymn to ,%ama% ,no4 #f4 ,"l ( ! l&s1 k+ ( heav5 & e>?1 :o heaps up abundance4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #c4 ,m>duk k+ ( heav5 & e>?4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #f4 ,m>duk reg5t ( heav5 & e>?4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #a4 ,he ^: sov]eignty glitt]s to ! bord]s ( heav5 & e>? am ,i4 --,hymn to ,n9ib ,no4 #c4 ,"h may be plac$ ! correspond+ title ( ! goddess3 ,que5 ( heav5 above & bel[ let x be spok54 --,hymn to ,i%t> ,no4 #e4 ,!re are ?ree ref]5ces to ! ?rone3 ,?\ place/ on ! glitt]+ heav5s ?y ?rone4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #b4 ,:5 he sits ^u ! great ?rone ( ! holy *amb]1 ,on ! fe/al day :5 he takes 8 seat 9 joy1 rais+ himself 9 brilliancy4 --,hymn to ,n9ib ,no4 #d4 ,amid %\ts ( joy z k+ asc5de/ ?\4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #c4 ,twice ! sceptre is ref]r$ to3 ,a sceptre = remote days has ,bel f9i%$ = ?y h&4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #c4 ,m>duk holds 9 8 h& ! sceptre4 --,hymn to ,m>duk4 ,:ile ! god's ?rone is 9 heav51 x is 8 sov]eignty ov] ! e>? :i* ! hymni/ has especially 9 m9d3 ,9 p[]ful sov]eignty ?\ rule/ ! l&s1 ,?\ place/ on ! glitt]+ heav5s ?y ?rone4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #b4 ,bel1 graci\s k+1 "l ( ! l&s4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #ab4 ,n9ib1 k+1 ^: fa!r made submissive to him di/ant l&s4 --,hymn to ,n9ib ,no4 #g4 ,! 8k+ ( heav5 & e>?0 is at ! same "t3 ,k+ ( ,babylon1 "l ( ,esagila1 ,k+ ( ,ezida1 "l ( ,ema*tila4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #f4 ,k+%ip may be entru/$ to ! p>ticul> deity by ! supreme god3 ,a sceptre = remote days has ,bel furni%$ = ?y h&4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #c4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a c]ta9 measure ( indep5d5ce ( ! supreme god seems to be assign$ 9 ! same two hymns to ! two deities3 ,n9ib ,k+ son ( ,bel1 :o ( himself is exalt$4 --,hymn to ,n9ib ,no4 #g4 ,?\ place/ on ! glitt]+ heav5s ?y ?rone4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #b4 ,!re are two /atem5ts relat$ to ! quality ( ! k+ly rule3 ,fa!r ,nann>1 ^: k+%ip is p]fect4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #e4 ,k+ ( k+s1 exalt$1 ^: decrees none rival4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #e4 8,k+ ( k+s0 occurs only "h 9 ! ,assyrian hymns4 ,x is a title t w\ld come naturally into use1 :]e city k+s 7 compell$ to pay homage to royal f\nd]s ( empires4 ,turn+ to ! biblical hymns1 x is notewor?y t1 :ile ,yahwe is spok5 ( sev]al times z ! 8,mak] ( heav5 & e>?10 he is no :]e call$ 8,k+ ( heav5 & e>?40 ,?is w\ld be su* an appropriate title = ,yahwe t its abs5ce t5ds to indicate t !re 0 little v]bal borr[+ ( ,hebrew hymni/s f ! ,assyrian4 ,ref]5ce is made h[ev] 9 ! biblical hymns to ,yahwe's ?rone3 ,yahwe ha? e/abli%$ 8 ?rone 9 ! heav5s1 ,& 8 k+dom rule? ov] all4 --,psalm #ajc3ai4 :i* is q simil> to ! foll[+ passage f ,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #b3 ,9 p[]ful sov]eignty ?\ rule/ ! l&s1 ,?\ place/ on ! glitt]+ heav5s ?y ?rone4 ,9 bo? cases ! ?rone 7#a7 is 9 ! heav5s1 7#b7 is e/abli%$ by deity himself1 7#c7 is ! seat f :i* wide sov]eignty is ex]t$ ov] ! e>?4 ,god reigne? ov] ! nations1 ,he sitte? ^u 8 holy ?rone4 --,psalm #dg3i4 ,"o is tempt$ to translate ?is3 8,he sitte? ^u ! ?rone ( 8 sanctu>y10 :i* is p>allel to ! foll[+ passage f ,hymn to ,n9ib ,no4 #g3 ,:5 he sits ^u ! great ?rone ( ! holy *amb]4 ,?is translation is support$ by ,psalm #aej3a3 8,praise ,god 9 8 sanctu>y40 ,!re are two ref]5ces to ! ?rone 9 ! biblical hymns3 ,e/abli%$ is ?y ?rone ( old4 --,psalm #ic3b4 ,righte\sness & ju/ice are ! e/abli%m5t ( 8 ?rone4 --,psalm #ig3b4 ,9 bo? ,assyrian & ,hebrew hymns1 ! asc5sion to ! ?rone is ref]r$ to z a joy\s occasion3 ,amid %\ts ( joy z k+ asc5de/ ?\2 ,a sceptre = remote days has ,bel furni%$ = ?y h&4 --,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #g4 ,god is gone up ) a %\t1 ,yahwe ) ! s\nd ( a trumpet4 --,psalm #dg3f4 ,!re is no ref]5ce to ! sceptre z 9 ,yahwe's h&1 9 ! biblical hymns1 al?\gh ! sceptre is 9 ! h&s ( ! ,messiah4 7,psalm #b7 ,z 9 ! ,assyrian hymns1 emphasis is plac$ ^u ,yahwe's sov]eignty ov] ! e>?3 ,= ,yahwe mo/ high is t]rible ,a great k+ ov] all ! e>?4 --,psalm #dg3c4 ,= ,god is ! k+ ( all ! e>?4 --,psalm #dg3h4 ,god reigne? ov] ! nations4 --,psalm #dg3i4 ,say among ! nations1 ,yahwe is k+4 --,psalm #if3aj4 ,yahwe is k+2 let ! e>? rejoice4 --,psalm #ig3a4 ,yahwe reigne?1 let ! p tremble2 ,he sitte? above ! *]ubims1 let ! e>? be mov$4 --,psalm #ii3a4 ,!re c be no "q ( ,yahwe's subord9ation to any o!r ,god or accept+ sov]eignty f any o!r deity3 ,= a great ,god is ,yahwe & a great k+ ov] all gods4 --,psalm #ie3c4 ,s9 has be5 giv5 by ,bel3 8a sceptre = remote days10 b3 ,yahwe w be k+ =ev]1 ,?y ,god1 ,o ,zion1 unto all g5]ations4 --,psalm #adf3aj4 ,?y k+dom is an ev]la/+ k+dom1 ,& ?y dom9ion endure? ?r\gh\t all g5]ations4 --,psalm #ade3ac4 ,n only w ,yahwe reign =ev]1 b ,yahwe has be5 reign+ f ! beg9n+3 ,e/abli%$ is ?y ?rone ( old4 --,psalm #ic3b4 ,yahwe sat at ! flood1 ,yea ,yahwe sitte? z k+ =ev]4 --,psalm #bi3aj4 ,x is p]haps important = ,old ,te/am5t s*ol>%ip to be> 9 m9d t ! conception ( ! deity z k+ is s v old1 & t x is pres5t 9 ! biblical hymns :i* c n be class$ z es*atological4 ,x is 9 ,psalm #ajc t "o f9ds ! words3 ,yahwe 9 ! heav5s ha? e/abli%$ 8 ?rone1 ,& 8 k+dom rule? ov] all & 9 ,psalm #ie :i* c n be call$ es*atological1 we h3 ,= a great ,god is ,yahwe1 ,& a great k+ ov] all gods --,psalm #ie3c4 :ile 9 ,psalm #dh3c1 ,j]usalem is !3 8,city ( ! great k+40 ,:ile !re=e 8,yahwe is ,k+0 is actually ! op5+ l9e ( sev]al es*atological hymns1 & :ile ^? hymns exult 9 ! complete triumph ( ,yahwe yet x is only ! complet5ess ( ! triumph t di/+ui%es 9 ! matt] ( k+%ip ! es*atological hymns f ! o!rs4 ,! ,supreme ,god z ,judge ,k+%ip also impli$ ,judge%ip1 ! latt] ^w hav+ p>ticul> application to ! r5d]+ ( judicial decisions or ! a*ievem5t ( ju/ice = ! oppress$4 ,! actual ^w judge occurs occasionally 9 ! ,assyrian hymns z a title ( ! deity3 ,%ama%1 l(ty ,judge ( heav5 & e>? art ?\4 --,hymn to ,%ama% ,no4 #a4 ,judge ( heav5 & e>?2 %9+ "o ( ! _w regions4 --,hymn to ,i%t> ,no4 #b4 ,judge%ip 9 ! ,assyrian hymns implies au?ority4 ,! deity z judge det]m9es ! c\rse ( ev5ts 9 ! _w3 ,%ama%1 judge ( ! _w1 director ( decisions art ?\4 --,hymn to ,%ama% ,no4 #d4 ,%ama% ! l(ty decid]1 ! judge ( heav5 & e>? art ?\4 --,hymn to ,%ama% ,no4 #c4 ,judge ( all1 :o close/ ! door be=e ! d>kness1 ,:o makes ! decisions = m5 9 _! settlem5ts4 --,hymn to ,n9ib ,no4 #b4 ,bel ?y fa!r has grant$ !e1 ,t ! law ( all ! gods ?y h& %\ld hold1 ,?\ r5d]e/ ! judgm5t ( mank9d4 --,hymn to ,n9ib ,no4 #a4 ,! judge%ip ( ! ,assyrian god has also e?ical cont5t3 ,et]nally j 9 heav5 art ?\4 --,hymn to ,%ama% ,no4 #a4 ,judge incorruptible1 gov]nor ( mank9d4 --,hymn to ,%ama% ,no4 #f4 ,consequ5tly ! god int]v5es 9 e>?ly affairs to ov]?r[ wick$ness & e/abli% righte\sness3 ,j judge1 :o surveys ! he>ts ( man :o l ! 444 ,makes "r & ju/ice to %9e1 :o aga9/ ! evil 444 --,hymn to ,nusku ,no4 #ab4 ,nusku1 mighty w>rior god1 :o burns up ! evil do]1 ,:o introduces law & insight1 adm9i/rator4 --,hymn to ,nusku ,no4 #b4 ,! wick$ & ! viol5t man ?\ correcte/1 proclaime/ _! condemnation4 --,hymn to ,i%t> ,no4 #c4 ,yahwe also ex]cis$ judge%ip4 ,! idea ( k+%ip surely involves t ( judge%ip ) x4 ,& z k+ x is said ( ,yahwe3 ,righte\sness & ju/ice are ! f\ndation ( 8 ?rone4 --,psalm #ig3b4 ,a /rong "o has become k+1 ,he love? ju/ice4 --,psalm #ii3d4 ,yahwe ov]?r[s wick$ness & e/abli%es righte\sness3 ,?\ do/ e/abli% equity1 ,?\ execute/ ju/ice & righte\sness 9 ,jacob4 --,psalm #ii3d4 ,psalm #aa says ( ,yahwe z k+3 ,yahwe trie? ! righte\s1 ,b ! wick$ & him t love? viol5ce 8 s\l hate?4 ,^u ! wick$ he w ra9 sn>es2 ,fire & brim/one & burn+ w9d ,%all be ! portion ( _! cup4 --,psalm #aa3e-f4 ,= ,god is ! judge ,?is "o he putte? d[n1 & ?is "o he raise? up4 --,psalm #ge3h4 ,& m5 %all say1 ,truly !re is a rew>d = ! righte\s2 ,v]ily !re is a ,god1 :o judge? 9 ! e>?4 --,psalm #eh3ab4 ,yahwe's act ( judgm5t1 !re=e1 is equival5t to ! deliv]ance ( 8 own p3 ,yahwe w judge 8 p1 ,& ^u 8 s]vants he w h m]cy4 --,psalm #ace3ad4 ,yahwe is ?us cont9ually judge ( 8 p1 b ! supreme manife/ation ( 8 ju/ice w be se5 9 ! es*atological judgm5t3 ,he %all judge ! _w ) righte\sness1 ,& ! peoples ) 8 tru?4 --,psalm #if3ac4 ,he %all judge ! _w ) righte\sness1 ,& ! peoples ) equity4 --,psalm #ih3i4 ,arise ,o ,god1 judge ! e>?1 ,= ?\ %alt inh]it all ! nations4 --,psalm #hb3h4 ,! r5d]+ ( ju/ice by ! ,assyrian deity is contemplat$ by 8 wor%ipp]s ) joy3 ,let ,babylon rejoice 9 !e1 let ,esagila exult 9 !e1 ,?\ judge/ ) ju/ice1 & =me/ decisions4 --,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #a4 ,z ,yahwe's f9al act ( judgm5t is s compreh5sive & mom5t\s1 ! joy ( ,yahwe's p is immeasurably great] ?an ! en?usiasm ( milit>y victory4 ,x is int]e/+ to recall t "o ( ! e>lie/1 if n ! e>lie/ ( all ! ,hebrew hymns1 t sung by ,miriam & ! ,hebrew wom51 celebrat$ a victory3 ,s+ ye to ,yahwe1 = he ha? triumph$ glori\sly1 ,! horse & 8 rid] ha? he ?r[n into ! sea4 --,exodus #ae3ba4 ,x is ! same /rong national _s t flames =? 9 confid5ce ( ! great f9al victory 9 ,psalm #fh3b1 #d3 ,let ,god arise1 let 8 enemies be scatt]$2 ,let !m t hate him flee be=e him1 ,b let ! righte\s be glad2 ,let !m exult be=e ,god1 ,& let !m rejoice ) gladness4 ,:ile ,yahwe's victory has prim>y significance = ,israel3 ,let ,israel rejoice 9 its mak]1 ,let ! sons ( ,zion be joyful 9 _! k+4 --,psalm #adi3b4 ,yet ! :ole e>? w rejoice :5 ,yahwe come? to judge ! e>?3 ,let ! heav5s be glad1 & let ! e>? rejoice2 ,let ! sea ro> & its fulness2 ,let ! field exult1 & all t is !re92 ,!n all ! trees ( ! field %all s+ = joy2 ,be=e ,yahwe1 = he come?2 ,= he come? to judge ! e>?2 ,he w judge ! _w ) righte\sness1 ,& ! peoples ) 8 tru?4 --,psalm #if3aa-ac4 ,yahwe is k+2 let ! e>? rejoice2 ,let ! multitude ( isles be glad4 --,psalm #ig3a4 ,%\t to ,yahwe all ! e>?2 ,break =? & s+ = joy1 yea s+ praises4 --,psalm #ih3d4 ,x is important to be> 9 m9d t ! conception ( ,god z judge1 ev5 z ! conception ( ,god z k+1 is v old1 & t ,yahwe appe>s z k+ & judge 9 hymns t are n es*atological4 ,x is only :5 religi\s fai? ext5ds ,yahwe's k+%ip & judge%ip to ! :ole _w1 & conceives ( ,yahwe z triumphantly trans=m+ ! _w 9 accordance ) ju/ice & tru?1 t ! conception ( ,yahwe z ,judge becomes es*atological4 ,*apt] ,,xv ,,conclusion ,x is n[ univ]sally recogniz$ by s*ol>s t ! ,hebrew nation came late ^u ! /age ( hi/ory1 & t :5 ! ,hebrew ,b$\9 pass$ ov] out ( ! des]t into ! l& ( ,canaan1 !y ent]$ a l& t _h already exp]i5c$ mill5niums ( civilization4 ,9 successive decades & c5turies ! ,hebrew conqu]ors took ov] n only ! l& ) its wall$ cities & its cultivat$ fields1 b !y took ov] also ! l&'s sanctu>ies1 & 9 l>ge measure its religi\s & moral ideas4 ,"o civilization among o!rs t ex]t$ v great influ5ce = _m c5turies ov] ,canaan came f ! ,tigris ,euphrates valley4 ,x br\ght to ,canaan its language1 its lit]>y =ms1 its my?s & leg5ds1 its legal /atutes2 x br\ght also 9 "s degree ! k ( its gods1 & ! hymns & pray]s ) :i* ^? gods 7 wor%ipp$4 ,! ,hebrews 7 inevitably directly & indirectly influ5c$ by ,assyrian culture & religion4 ,x is ( "s importance to recognize1 al?\gh ! fact is by no means surpris+1 t ! situations 9 life out ( :i* ! hymnal lit]atures grew 7 q simil> 9 ,assyria & 9 ,israel4 ,bo? peoples _h a c]ta9 numb] ( hymns1 :i* c be/ be *>act]iz$ z ,nature hymns2 b bo? peoples _h also hymns :i* belong v cle>ly to ! sanctu>y4 ,"s ( ^! are processional hymns3 ! procession br++ ! god to 8 sanctu>y z 9 ,psalm #bd & ,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #ac2 or ! procession ent]+ ! sanctu>y to br+ gifts to ! god z 9 ,psalm #ie & ! ,hymn to ,enlil2 or ! procession pass+ out f ! sanctu>y 9 solemn procession ?r\gh ! sacr$ city z 9 ,psalm #dh & a numb] ( ! ,assyrian hymns4 ,! great majority ( hymns1 h[ev] 9 bo? lit]atures1 j z "o w\ld expect1 (f] praise to ! deity 9 ! sanctu>y4 ,n only is ! backgr\nd ( ! hymns relatively simil> 9 bo? civilizations1 b ! pr9cipal features ( ,hebrew poetry1 ! rhy?m1 ! uni=m l5g? ( l9es1 p>allelism1 arrangem5t 9 /rophes1 ! rhetorical "q1 ! refra91 ! antiphonal responses1 ! introduction into ! hymn ( ! div9e oracle1 all belong to ! lit]ature ( ! old] civilization4 ,israel did n inv5t1 b r f\nd already 9 exi/5ce1 its lit]>y =ms4 ,moreov] ,israel und\bt$ly f\nd 9 ! old] civilization mu* ( its hymnal phraseology & _m ( its basic religi\s ideas4 ,! conception ( ,god z creator ( heav5 & e>? did n fir/ em]ge ) ,israelitic mono!ism1 b is express$ 9 m ?an "o ,assyrian hymn4 ,! ?\ght ( ,god z k+1 & z ex]t+ au?ority above & bel[1 did n wait = ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,israelitic mon>*y "u ,saul1 ,david1 & ,solomon1 b 0 famili> to ! ,assyrian hymni/4 ,c]ta9ly ! ?\ght ( ! ,god ( heav51 z mak+ 8 e>?y dwell+ 9 a sacr$ sanctu>y on holy gr\nd1 is _m c5turies old] ?an ,solomon's temple4 ,f9ally ! conception ( ,god z wise1 p[]ful1 righte\s1 & m]ciful f\nd frequ5t expression 9 ! ,assyrian hymns long be=e ! ,hebrews attribut$ ^? attributes to ,yahwe4 ,h[ev]1 ?is c]ta9ly does n mean t ! ,hebrews 7 m]ely passive recipi5ts ( ,assyrian ,culture4 ,!y did obvi\sly take ov] c]ta9 lit]>y =ms & devices1 b !y creat$ a new & di/9ct type ( hymn1 :i* beg9s & ends ) ! exhortation to praise ,yahwe4 ,:at is ev5 m important ,hebrew g5ius has employ$ su* simplicity1 v>iety1 beauty1 & p[] ( expression z to create su* ma/]pieces ( lit]ature z ,psalms #h2 #bd2 #bi2 #dg2 #fg2 #ajj2 #if & #aej4 ,aga91 ,israel did und\bt$ly take ov]1 z has be5 indicat$1 c]ta9 basic conceptions ( ,god1 b ,hebrew religi\s g5ius purifi$ & exalt$ ^? conceptions4 ,! ,assyrian c\ld conceive ( "o god z supreme among ! gods2 ! ,hebrew came to ?9k ( ,yahwe z ! only ,god1 ! altoge!r ,spiritual ,be+1 fre$ f ! contam9ation ( poly!ism4 ,! ,assyrian exalt$ 8 god to ! high heav5s2 ! ,hebrew emancipat$ ,yahwe f any possibility ( id5tification ) sun1 moon1 or />1 or any natural =ce4 ,! ,assyrian attribut$ to 8 god great p[] to bless or curse2 ! ,hebrew attribut$ p[] to ,yahwe1 b dissociat$ him f all magical practise4 ,! ,assyrian does inde$ ascribe to 8 god righte\sness & m]cy1 b ! ,hebrew makes righte\sness & m]cy ! ess5tial attributes ( ,yahwe4 ,9 a ^w ! hymni/s ( ,israel at _! highe/ & be/ reflect ! influ5ce ( ! prophets1 to :i* !re 0 no?+ comp>able 9 ,assyria4 ,"o v important fact to be recogniz$ is ! em]g5ce or developm5t ( ! g5u9e hymn 9 ,israel4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t ! great majority ( s call$ ,assyrian hymns are really only hymnal introductions to pray]s or c]emonies2 & fur!rmore t !re may well be a l9e ( developm5t f ! hymnal introduction to ! indep5d5t hymn4 ,!re are two examples ( hymnal introductions 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t ,psalt]1 ,psalms #hi & #add2 & !re is "s ju/ification = select+ ,psalms #ajd & #h z hymns :i* repres5t ! completion ( ! process ( developm5t4 ,praise has ?us atta9$ to a mu* great] place 9 ! ,hebrew religion ?an 9 ! religion ( ,assyria4 ,praise is no long] subord9ate to any o!r goal2 x has become an end 9 itself1 pr(itable to man1 & pleas+ to ,god4 ,! ,hebrew religion c>ries ! hymn to its highe/ pit* ( developm5t 9 ! es*atological hymn1 :i* is sung 9 anticipation ( ,yahwe's complete & f9al triumph ^u e>?4 ,! es*atological hymn owes its orig9 to ! /rong national _s ( ! ,hebrews1 ! /r5g? ( _! conviction t a moral ord] exi/s 9 ! _w1 & _! fai? 9 ,yahwe z ! wise & good1 & p[]ful ,god :o w br+ ju/ice & righte\sness to triumph 9 ! e>?4 ,!re 0 9 ,assyria also1 z we h se51 ! ?\ght ( god z exalt$ k+1 b ! ,assyrians nev] atta9$ to ! conception ( a god e/abli%+ complete & f9al e?ical sov]eignty ov] ! e>?4 ,! /udy ( ! ,assyrian psalms has value = ! ,old ,te/am5t /ud5t 9 wid5+ 8 field ( k1 & ?us sav+ him f ! dang] ( sett+ up false /&>ds4 ,x is enlight5+ = him to obs]ve 9 ! ,assyrian hymns ! v frequ5t fact ( irregul>ity1 9 ! l5g? ( l9es1 9 ! numb] ( l9es 9 ! /rophe1 9 ! type ( p>allelism employ$4 ,?is sugge/s t (t5 x may be v>iety & n uni=mity t ! poet is seek+1 & t extreme caution ought to be obs]v$ 9 alt]+ ! ,hebrew text1 to make x con=m to a ,we/]n conception ( ord] & regul>ity4 ,"o is impress$ also by ! prom95ce ( ! individual 9 ! ,assyrian hymn1 & 9 ! ,assyrian cult1 & is ?us w>n$ aga9/ ! highly artificial assumption t ! individual ( ! ,hebrew psalms is a p]sonification ( ! ,hebrew nation4 ,! individual may well h play$ a mu* l>g] "p 9 ! e>ly religion ( ,israel ?an has be5 commonly suppos$4 ,! /udy ( ! ,assyrian hymns w h value at v>i\s o!r po9ts4 ,! consid]ation ( ! place ( ! refra9s1 ! antiphonal r5d]+s1 ! div9e oracles w help u to und]/& ! use ( ! hymn 9 ! ,hebrew cult4 ,acqua9tance ) ! ,assyrian hymnal phraseology w und\bt$ly be ( assi/ance 9 ! int]pretation & cle>] und]/&+ ( _m phrases 9 ! ,hebrew hymns4 ,! ,assyrian hymns make h[ev] _! indisp5sable contribution 9 t practically all ! religi\s ideas ( ! ,hebrew hymns exi/ 9 crud] =m 9 ! ,assyrian hymns4 ,!y help u to recon/ruct ! poly!i/ic backgr\nd ( ! ,hebrew religion4 ,!y leave u ) a cle>] p]ception t ,yahwe 0 prim>ily a god ( heav51 & ) a full] k ( j :at t means4 ,!y help u to und]/& ! prom95ce giv5 to ! attributes ( ,yahwe z a mighty god ( w>4 ,!y prove ! antiquity ( ! conception ( ,god z k+ & judge1 %eph]d & fa!r4 ,!y reflect crude & crass ideas ( ! div9e wisdom1 p[]1 & m]cy4 ,aga9/ ! backgr\nd ( ! ,assyrian hymns "o ga9s a ju/] appreciation ( ! develop$ ,hebrew doctr9e ( ,god1 ! omnipres5t1 ! omnisci5t1 ! omnipot5t1 ^: et]nal plan is to be fulfill$1 :o w cause tru? & righte\sness to prevail 9 ! e>?1 :o is to be univ]sally & et]nally ador$4 ,,bibliography ,,texts ,,& ,,translations ,,( ,,assyrian ,,hymns ,hymns to ,%ama% #a4 ,rawl9son1 ,cunei=m ,inscriptions ( ,we/]n ,asia1 ,,iv3 #b1 #bh ,no4 #a2 translat$ by ,ja/r[1 ,die ,religion ,babyloni5s und ,assyri5s1 ,i1 #dbf2 & by ,fossey1 ,la ,magie ,assyri5ne1 ,no4 #cj4 ,x is a hymn ( f\rte5 l9es1 introduc+ a petition to ,%ama% = ! heal+ ( ! k+4 ,! fir/ two l9es ( ! obv]se & rev]se sides ( ! tablet are miss+4 #b4 ,r4 ,,iv3 #b1 #bj ,no4 #b1 translat$ by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #dbg4 ,!re rema9 only ! fir/ five l9es ( a hymn1 introduc+ a pray] to ,%ama% at ! ris+ ( ! sun4 #c4 ,r4 ,v1 #ej2 translat$ by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #dbh2 by ,zimm]n1 ,babylonis*e ,hymn5 und ,gebete 9 ,auswahl1 ,d] ,alte ,ori5t1 #aije1 page #ae2 & by ,fossey1 ,la ,magie ,assyri5ne1 ,no4 #db4 ,x is a hymn ( elev5 l9es1 introduc+ a petition to ,%ama% = ! free+ ( ! k+ f ! ban re/+ ^u him1 ! pray] be+ (f]$ at sunrise4 #d4 ,abel-,w9ckl]1 ,keils*rifttexte1 pages #ei to #fj2 translat$ by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #dbi4 ,x is a hymn ( twelve l9es address$ to ,%ama% at sunset1 wi%+ ! ,god a safe return & glad welcome to 8 home f ,ea 8 wife4 #e4 ,r4 ,,iv3 #b1 #ai ,no4 #b2 translat$ by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #dbi2 & by ,zimm]n1 ,d] ,alte ,ori5t1 #aije1 page #ae4 ,x is a hymn ( t5 l9es address$ to ,%ama% at sunrise4 ,aft] ?is hymnal section ! poem goes on to describe h[ ! gods inhale ! odor ( ! sacrifice & refre% !mselves ) ! 8food ( heav540 ,?is sugge/s t ! ris+ ( ! sun 0 ! signal = ! (f]+ ( sacrifice & ! praise ( ,%ama%1 ev5 z x 0 also ! favorable mom5t = ! bann+ ( ! p[]s ( d>kness :i* tr\bl$ m54 7,see ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #dcj47 #f4 ,craig1 ,assyrian & ,babylonian ,religi\s ,texts1 ,,ii1 #c2 also ,gray1 ,! ,%ama% ,religi\s ,texts1 ,,iv2 translat$ by ,ja/r[ ,,ii1 #gb2 by ,zimm]n1 ,d] ,alte ,ori5t1 #aije1 page #ae2 by ,m>t91 ,textes religieux ,assyri5s et ,babyloni5s1 pages #ad-bf4 ,x is a hymn ( six l9es1 foll[$ by a pray]1 9 :i* an individual petitions = release f ! ban occasion+ 8 sickness4 #g4 ,gray1 ,! ,%ama% ,religi\s ,texts1 pages #i-bc2 translat$ by ,gray2 also by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #dcb4 ,x is a hymn1 complete 9 f\r columns ( f\r hundr$ & tw5ty l9es1 & is entirely free f any ref]5ce to incantation4 ,hymns to ,s9 #a4 ,publi%$ & translat$ by ,p]ry1 ,hymn5 und ,gebete an ,s9 7,leipz4 ,sem4 ,/udi51 #aijg72 by ,k+1 ,babylonian ,magic & ,sorc]y 7,london #ahif72 by ,combe1 ,hi/oire du ,culte de ,s9 7,p>is #aijh74 ,x is a hymn ( elev5 l9es introduc+ a petition ( sixte5 l9es1 9 :i* ! k+1 on an occasion ( an eclipse ( ! moon1 reque/s an oracle promis+ deliv]ance f ! evil :i* has befall5 8 palace & l&4 ,x is address$ to ,s9 9 ! second p]son4 #b4 ,publi%$ & translat$ by ,p]ry & ,combe4 ,x gives ! fir/ f\rte5 l9es ( a hymnal introduction to pray]1 & !n breaks (f4 ,x is address$ to ,s9 9 ! second p]son4 #c4 ,publi%$ & translat$ by ,p]ry4 ,x is a hymn ( tw5ty-"o l9es ) _m repetitions4 ,! la/ ?ree l9es ( ,p]ry ,no4 #c1 =m ! fir/ f\r l9es ( ,p]ry ,no4 #d1 ! two app>5tly =m+ "o hymn4 ,( ,no4 #d "s n9ete5 l9es are pres]v$1 ! la/ l9es ( ! obv]se & rev]se be+ miss+ & o!r l9es damag$4 ,x is address$ to ,s9 9 ! second p]son4 #d4 ,publi%$ & translat$ by ,p]ry1 ,k+1 & ,combe4 ,x is a hymn ( elev5 l9es1 introduc+ a pray] ( f\rte5 l9es seek+ ! favor ( ,s94 ,x is 9 ! second p]son4 ,! pray] conta9s ! lam5t & petition ( an individual :o feels t 8 god is angry ) him & afflict+ him4 #e4 ,publi%$ by ,rawl9son ,,iv1 #e2 also by ,p]ry2 & ,combe3 translat$ by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #dcf2 by ,zimm]n1 ,d] ,alte ,ori5t1 page ,,ii1 #aije2 by ,p]ry2 by ,combe2 by ,ungnad 9 ,gressmann1 ,altori5talis*e ,texte und ,bild]1 page #hj2 by ,rog]s1 ,cunei=m ,p>allels to ! ,old ,te/am5t1 page #ada4 ,x is a hymn ( ?irty-n9e l9es1 introduc+ a petition n9e l9es 9 l5g? = a temple ( ! god ,s94 ,x is address$ 9 ! second p]son to ,s91 & 0 probably recit$ or sung at ! full moon fe/ival4 ,hymns to ,nebo #a4 ,publi%$ & translat$ by ,k+1 ,babylonian ,magic1 ,no4 #bb2 also translat$ by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #dde4 ,x conta9s eight l9es ( invocation1 foll[$ by ! petition at mu* great] l5g? ( an individual1 reque/+ heal+ ( 8 disease1 favorable dreams1 & ! support ( 8 god4 #b4 ,r4 ,,iv3 #b1 #bj ,no4 #c2 translat$ by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #ddg4 ,x is a fragm5t1 giv+ t5 l9es ( a hymn 9 c\plets1 ( :i* ! second l9e l>gely repeats ! prec$+ l9e4 ,hymns to ,n9ib #a4 ,publi%$ & translat$ by ,k+1 ,babylonian ,magic1 ,no4 #b2 translat$ by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #ddh4 ,! fir/ f\rte5 l9es are address$ to ! god 9 epi!ts ( praise4 ,9 ! l9es :i* foll[ an individual rem9ds ! god ( 8 sacrifice1 & pleads = =giv5ess ( 8 s9 & ! favor ( ! god4 #b4 ,translit]at$ & translat$ by ,j5s51 ,kosmologie d] ,babyloni]1 pages #dgj-dgb2 also translat$ by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #ddi4 ,x is an hymnal introduction to pray]1 twelve l9es 9 l5g?4 #c4 ,k\yunjik ,collection1 #bhfd1 #a-bb2 publi%$ & translat$ by ,hrozny1 ,sum]is*-babylonis*e ,my!n von dem ,gotte ,n9rag 9 ,mitteilung5 d] vord]asiatis*5 ,gesells*aft1 #aijc4 ,x is a hymn address$ 9 ! second p]son to ,n9ib1 ( :i* un=tunately only twelve l9es are pres]v$1 & ( ^! no s+le l9e is complete4 ,! hymn is compos$ 9 c\plets ! second l9e be+ a response to ! fir/4 #d4 ,k #heca & ,rm #abf2 publi%$ & translat$ by ,hrozny2 translat$ by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #dee4 ,"h we h an address ( ! ,god ,nusku to ! ,god ,n9ib1 ( :i* ! fir/ sev5 l9es are epi!ts ( praise1 :i* are !n foll[$ by a petition t ! ang] ( ! ,god may abate1 & t he be honor$ by ! great ,god4 #e4 ,k #dhbi2 publi%$ & translat$ by ,hrozny2 translat$ by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #dei4 ,x is a hymn ( f\rte5 l9es1 9 :i* ,n9ib praises 8 own p[]4 #f4 ,r4 ,,ii1 #ai ,no4 #b2 publi%$ & translat$ by ,hrozny2 translat$ by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #dfj4 ,?is is a hymn ( ?irte5 l9es 9 :i* ! ,god ,n9ib s+s 8 own praise4 #g4 ,publi%$ & translat$ by ,hrozny2 translat$ by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #dfc4 ,?is is a hymnal composition ( ?irty l9es 9 ! c\rse ( :i* ! god ,%>ur addresses ,n9ib ) hymnal praises4 ,hymns to ,n]gal #a4 ,publi%$ & translat$ by ,k+1 ,babylonian ,magic1 ,no4 #bg2 translat$ by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #dfg2 also by ,bll5r*]1 ,gebete und ,hymn5 an ,n]gal1 ,no4 #a4 ,! fir/ t5 l9es con/itute a hymnal introduction to ! pray] t foll[s4 ,l9es #aa-ac are a lam5t1 l9es #ad-bc a petition1 & l9e #bd a v[4 #b4 ,publi%$ & translat$ by ,bll5r*]1 ,gebete und ,hymn5 an ,n]gal ,no4 #b2 also by ,k+1 ,babylonian ,magic1 ,no4 #df2 translat$ by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #dga4 ,n9e l9es ( praise are address$ to ! god1 :5 ! tablet breaks (f4 #c4 ,publi%$ & translat$ by ,bll5r*]1 ,gebete und ,hymn5 an ,n]gal ,no4 #c4 ,! beg9n+ & end ( ! hymn are miss+4 ,( ! twelve l9es rema9+ no s+le l9e is complete4 #d4 ,r4 ,,iv3 #b1 #bf ,no4 #a2 publi%$ & translat$ by ,bll5r*]1 ,no4 #d2 translat$ by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #dgj4 ,only ! fir/ t5 l9es ( ?is hymn are pres]v$4 ,= ! fir/ eight l9es1 ! second half l9e is a refra94 #e4 ,r4 ,,iv3 #b1 #bd ,no4 #a2 publi%$ & translat$ by ,bll5r*]1 ,no4 #e2 translat$ by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #dfi4 ,( ?is hymn ?irty-eight l9es are pres]v$ & are s arrang$ 9 c\plets t ! fir/ l9e gives a title or attribute ( ! deity1 :ile ! second l9es beg9 ) ! words3 8,god ,n]gal0 & repeat ! fir/ words ( ! prec$+ l9e4 ,x is ?us a hymn ) responses1 made probably by prie/ & *oir4 #f4 ,publi%$ by ,craig1 ,zeits*rift fr ,assyriologie1 ,x1 #bgf2 ,publi%$ & translat$ by ,bll5r*]1 ,no4 #f4 ,! hymn is divid$ into two p>ts4 ,! fir/ "p ( "s =ty l9es is address$ directly to ! god4 ,( ^! =ty l9es !re are elev5 c\plets1 ( :i* ! fir/ half l9es make a d\ble refra94 ,! second half ( ! hymn is 9 praise ( ! ^w ( ! god4 ,?irte5 l9es beg9 )1 8,8 ^w40 ,! entire hymn is antiphonal 9 "*4 #g4 ,r4 ,,iv3 #b1 #cj ,no4 #a2 ,haupt1 ,akkadis*-,sum]is*e ,keils*rifttexte1 ,no4 #bj2 publi%$ & translat$ by ,bll5r*]1 ,no4 #g2 translat$ by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #dgh4 ,! fir/ f\rte5 l9es ( ! hymn are 9 n>rative /yle1 prais+ ! attack ( ,n]gal ^u ! ho/ile l&4 ,aft] a gap1 :]e "s l9es are miss+1 !re are tw5ty-"o l9es ( praise address$ directly to ! god 9 ! second p]son4 #h4 ,k #ihhj2 publi%$ & translat$ by ,bll5r*]1 ,no4 #h2 translat$ by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #dgg4 ,x is an individual hymn1 address$ directly to ,n]gal1 ( :i* aft] ! twelf? l9e ! tablet breaks (f4 ,hymns to ,adad #a4 ,r4 ,,iv3 #b1 #bh ,no4 #b2 translit]at$ & translat$ by ,/rong1 ,proce$+s ( ! ,society ( ,biblical ,ar*aeology1 ,,xx1 #afa2 translat$ by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #dhb4 ,x is a fragm5t ( n9e l9es ( a hymn prais+ 9 ! ?ird p]son ( ! v]b ! p[] ( ,adad4 #b4 ,translit]at$ & translat$ by ,langdon1 ,sum]ian & ,babylonian ,hymns1 pages #bhj-bhc2 also by ,rog]s1 ,cunei=m ,p>allels1 page #adg2 also by ,ungnad 9 ,gressmann1 ,altori5talis*e ,texte1 pages #hc;f4 ,x is *>act]iz$ by ,langdon1 ,rog]s1 & ,ungnad z a hymn4 ,x includes an invocation to ! god ( t5 l9es1 a hymn prop] ( f\r l9es1 an address ( ,enlil to ,ramman ( t5 l9es & a n>rative section ( f\r l9es4 #c4 ,translit]at$ & translat$ by ,k+1 ,babylonian ,magic1 ,no4 #ba4 ,x is a fragm5t ( a hymn1 conta9+ n9e brok5 l9es4 ,hymns to ,nusku #a4 ,r4 ,,iv3 #b1 ,no4 #c2 translat$ by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #dhg4 ,x is a %ort hymnal introduction ( eight l9es1 little m ?an an invocation to ! god4 #b4 ,craig1 ,assyrian & ,babylonian ,religi\s ,texts1 ,i1 plate #ce2 translat$ by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #dhg4 ,aft] n9ete5 l9es ! text breaks (f4 ,! n9ete5 l9es are ( ! nature ( an invocation4 #c4 ,tallqui/1 ,die assyris*e ,bes*worungss]ie1 ,maklu ,,ii1 pages #a-ag2 translat$ by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #big4 ,x is a hymnal introduction ( elev5 l9es1 address$ directly to ! god1 & foll[$ by an individual's petition 9 sev5 l9es = ! de/ruction ( ^? ^: wit*craft 0 afflict+ him4 ,hymns to ,bel #a4 ,r4 ,,iv3 #b1 #bg ,no4 #b2 translat$ by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #dhi4 ,only five l9es ( ! hymn are pres]v$4 ,!y seem to praise ! great t[] ( ,bel's temple at ,ekur4 #b4 ,r4 ,,iv3 #b1 #bg ,no4 #d2 ,haupt1 ,akkadis*e und sum]is*e ,keil9s*rifttexte1 page #ahc2 translat$ by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #dij4 ,elev5 l9es con/itute an invocation to ,bel4 ,! text !n breaks (f4 #c4 ,k+1 ,babylonian ,magic1 ,no4 #ai2 ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #dib4 ,sixte5 brok5 hymnal l9es introduce ! petition ( a k+4 ,hymns to ,m>duk #a4 ,craig1 ,religi\s ,texts1 ,i1 plates #bi-ca2 publi%$ & translat$ by ,brnn[1 ,assyrian ,hymns1 9 ,zeits*rift fr ,assyriologie1 ,,iv1 #bdf-bdh & ,v1 #eh-ff1 #gg-gh2 translat$ by ,m>t91 ,textes religieux ,assyri5s et ,babyloni5s1 & by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #eac4 ,! hymn consi/s ( ?irty-eight l9es1 & is foll[$ by ! petition t ! ang] ( ! god may abate & favor be %[n ! suppliant4 #b4 ,k #cdei2 ,hehn1 ,hymn5 und ,gebete an ,m>duk1 9 ,beitrage zur ,assyriologie1 ,v1 #bgh-djj4 ,! poem is 9 ?ree columns4 ,( column ,i1 sev5 l9es out ( tw5ty are pres]v$ entire4 ,( ! tw5ty-"o l9es ( column ,,ii1 twelve are miss+1 & no s+le l9e is complete4 ,columns ,i & ,,iii are 9 praise ( ,m>duk1 :ile column ,,ii seeks =giv5ess ( s9 & deliv]ance ( a suff]] f tr\ble4 #c4 ,k #ceje2 ,! fir/ sev5te5 l9es ( a hymn are address$ directly to ,m>duk4 ,! text !n breaks (f4 #d4 ,k+1 ,tablets ( ,creation1 ,i1 #bjd ff2 ,craig1 ,religi\s ,texts1 ,i1 ,plate #dc2 ,hehn1 ,no4 #e2 ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #dif;ff4 ,! fir/ tw5ty-"o l9es ( a hymn are 9 praise ( ,m>duk4 ,! text !n breaks (f4 ,9 ! hymnal portion ! ?ird p]son ( ! v]b is us$4 #e4 ,r4 ,,iv3 #b1 #bf ,no4 #d2 translat$ by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #dif2 also by ,j]emias 9 ,ros*]'s ,lexicon1 ,,ii1 col4 #bcfg2 also by ,hehn1 ,no4 #f4 ,n9e l9es ( a hymn 9 praise ( ,m>duk1 ! ,god ( ,w>1 are pres]v$4 ,! text !n breaks (f4 #f4 ,r4 ,,iv3 #b1 #bi1 ,no4 #a2 translat$ by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #eja2 also by ,fossey1 ,la ,magie assyri5ne1 pages #cfd-cfi2 also by ,j]emias 9 ,ros*]'s ,lexicon1 ,,ii1 col4 #bcee2 also by ,hehn1 ,no4 #g4 ,x is a hymn tw5ty-n9e l9es 9 l5g?1 ( def9ite /rophic arrangem5t1 address$ directly to ,m>duk1 & foll[$ by exorcisms ( v>i\s demons4 #g4 ,r4 ,,iv3 #b1 #ah1 ,no4 #a2 translat$ by ,hehn1 ,no4 #ab4 ,x is a fragm5t ( eight l9es1 ref]r+ to ! f\nd+ ( ,babylon & ! temple ( ,m>duk4 #h4 ,r4 ,,iv3 #b1 #ba1 ,no4 #a2 also ,k+1 ,babylonian ,magic1 ,no4 #i2 translat$ by ,k+2 by ,hehn1 ,no4 #ac2 also by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #ejj;f4 ,?\gh *>act]iz$ by ,k+ & ,ja/r[ z a pray]1 yet ! fir/ n9e l9es1 con/itut+ ! invocation to ! god may be reg>d$ z hymnal mat]ial4 ,! body ( ! pray] consi/s ( sev5te5 l9es1 & may well be f a k+1 seek+ heal? & ! favor & support ( 8 god4 #i4 ,r4 ,,iv3 #b1 #eg2 translat$ by ,k+ ,no4 #ab2 by ,hehn ,no4 #ad2 by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #dii2 by ,l5ormant1 ,la ,div9ation1 page #bab;ff2 by ,sayce1 ,hibb]t ,lectures1 pages #ecf;ff4 ,?is tablet is conc]n$ ) ! cur+ by ,m>duk's help ( a sick man4 ,! fir/ sixte5 l9es give directions = ! c]emonies to be p]=m$4 ,! prie/ is in/ruct$ to hold ! h& ( ! sick man1 & repeat ! pray]1 l9es #ag-id4 ,( ^! l9es #ag-dd are hymnal1 s]v+ z an invocation to ! pray]4 ,foll[+ ! pray] !re are directions = fur!r c]emonies4 ,! hymn is 9 ! second p]son address$ directly to ! god4 #aj4 ,k #hifa2 ,craig1 ,assyrian & ,babylonian ,religi\s ,texts1 ,i1 ,pl4 #ei2 translat$ by ,hehn1 ,no4 #ag2 also by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #dig4 ,an incantation hymn1 ( :i* only twelve l9es rema91 is address$ directly to ,m>duk z an invocation to pray]4 #aa4 ,craig1 ,assyrian & ,babylonian ,religi\s ,texts1 ,i1 ,pl4 #a2 translat$ by ,m>t91 ,textes religieux2 also by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #eji4 ,( ?is text ! op5+ l9es are miss+4 ,t5 l9es are pres]v$1 be+ a pray] 9 ! m\? ( ! prie/1 ( :i* ! fir/ five l9es supply ! elem5t ( adoration4 #ab4 ,r4 ,,iv3 #b1 #dj1 ,no4 #a translit]at$ & translat$ by ,ball1 ,proce$+s ( ! ,society ( ,biblical ,ar*aeology1 ,,xv1 #ea-ed2 translat$ also by ,hehn1 ,no4 #be2 by ,sayce1 ,hibb]t ,lectures1 pages #hj;f2 by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #eji4 ,! text comprises ?irty-two l9es4 ,l9es #a to #f /ate t ! prie/ is to rise 9 ! fir/ h\r ( ! night on ! second day ( ,nisan1 wa% 9 riv] wat]1 put on a l95 g>m5t & repeat 8 pray]4 ,( ! pray]1 l9es #g to #bh are hymnal2 l9es #bi to #cb petition ! favor ( ! god = ! city1 ,babylon & ! temple1 ,esagila4 #ac4 ,r4 ,,iv3 #b1 #ah ,no4 #b2 ,also publi%$ & translat$ by ,weissba*1 ,babylonis*e ,miscell51 pages #cf-da2 translat$ also by ,ungnad1 page #he2 by ,rog]s1 page #acj2 by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #ejc4 ,?is is a text ( ?irty-sev5 l9es4 ,a colophon at ! end directs t ! hymn %\ld be us$ on ! elev5? day ( ,nisan1 :5 ,m>duk ent]s 8 own sanctu>y 9 ! temple ,esagila4 ,x is a processional hymn app>5tly sung antiphonally1 a prie/ or *oir *ant+ ! fir/ half ( ! l9e1 & a *oir respond+ ) ! refra94 ,! fir/ ?irty-?ree l9es welcome ! god to 8 temple2 ! la/ f\r l9es petition 8 favor = ! city & its temple4 #ad4 ,hehn ,no4 #af2 ,k+ ,no4 #ah2 ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #eac4 ,?is is a fragm5t ( :i* ! fir/ l9es are miss+4 ,a petition = relief f sickness is prec$$ by hymnal l9es prais+ ,m>duk1 & express+ confid5ce 9 him4 ,hymn to ,as%ur #a4 ,craig1 ,religi\s ,texts1 ,i1 plates #cb-cd2 translat$ by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #ebj4 ,?is is call$ by ,ja/r[ a ,litany to ,as%ur4 ,x beg9s ) a hymn1 tw5ty-two l9es ( :i* are pres]v$4 ,!n 9 six l9es ,anu1 ,bel1 ,ea1 & ! great gods proclaim ,as%urbanapal rul] ( ,assyria1 & 9 ! la/ f\r l9es ! god ,as%ur himself calls ,as%urbanapal to lord%ip4 ,hymns to ,i%t> #a4 ,k+ ,no4 #a2 duplicate1 ,no4 #e2 translat$ by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #ebi4 ,x is only a fragm5t ( five l9es ( praise address$ directly to ,i%t>4 #b4 ,k+ ,no4 #cb2 translat$ by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #ebi4 ,x is a fragm5t ( t5 l9es ( praise1 address$ directly to ,i%t>4 #c4 ,craig1 ,religi\s ,texts1 ,i1 plates #ae-ag2 translat$ by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #ece4 ,eighte5 l9es ( praise are foll[$ by an enum]ation ( ! sacrifices1 foods = ! temple s]vants1 & ( gifts ( gold1 z well z by directions = ! purification ( ! sick1 :o wi% to be heal$ by ,i%t>4 #d4 ,reisn]1 ,sum]is*-babylonis*e ,hymn51 ,no4 #ef2 translit]at$ & translat$ by ,hussey1 ,no4 #a4 ,! tablet 0 accord+ to ! colophon n9ety-five l9es 9 l5g?1 b only fifte5 /rophes ( f\r l9es ea* are 9 good pres]vation4 ,x is a hymn sung by ,i%t> 9 praise ( h]self4 #e4 ,reisn] ,no4 #ec2 translat$ by ,hussey1 ,no4 #e2 by ,langdon1 ,sum]ian & ,babylonian ,psalms1 page #aib2 by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #ecj4 ,?is hymn op5s ) ?ree /rophes ( f\r1 ?ree1 & f\r l9es respectively 9 praise ( ! goddess4 ,!n 9 /rophes ( five1 f\r1 & sev5 l9es ,i%t> appe>s s++ h] own praise4 ,!re foll[s ! pray] ( ?irte5 l9es petition+ ! removal ( h] ang]4 ,hymn to ,s>panitum #a4 ,craig1 ,i1 plate #a2 translat$ by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #ecf4 ,?is is a hymn ( elev5 l9es address$ directly to ! goddess1 foll[$ by a brief petition = ! suppliant1 ! k+1 & ! p ( ,babylon4 ,hymn to ,damk9a #a4 ,k+ ,no4 #d2 translat$ by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #ecg4 ,! hymn consi/s ( sev5 l9es ( invocation to ,damk9a1 & is foll[$ by a petition = ! av]t+ ( evil ?reat5$ by an eclipse ( ! moon4 ,hymns to ,belit #a4 ,haupt1 ,assyris*-sum]is*e ,keil9s*rifttexte1 pages #abf-aca2 ,pr9ce1 ,! ,hymn to ,belit ,k #ceg1 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,am]ican ,ori5tal ,society1 ,,xxiv1 #ajc-abh2 translat$ by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #ech;f4 ,?is is a hymn ( "s fifty l9es sung entirely by ,belit 9 h] own praise4 #b4 ,text & translit]ation by ,s*eil1 ,zeits*rift fr ,assyriologie1 ,x1 #bia-bih2 also ,s*eil1 ,une saison de f\illes a ,sipp>1 page #ih & ,tablet ,,ii2 translat$ by ,ja/r[1 ,i1 #eda4 ,! fir/ twelve l9es ( ! hymn are address$ to ,nippur ! city ( ,bel4 ,! foll[+ ?irty-eight l9es are 9 praise ( ,belit1 & are = ! mo/ "p address$ directly to h]4 ,hymn to ,enlil #a4 ,translit]at$ & translat$ by ,langdon1 ,sum]ian & ,babylonian ,hymns1 page #bgg4 ,x is a psalm ( tw5ty-five l9es4 ,! s+]s are ! be>]s ( sacrificial gifts to ,enlil4 ,! hymn is address$ directly to ! god4 ,a ,,select$ ,,bibliography ,balla1 ,e4 ,das ,i* d] ,psalm5 9 ,=s*ung5 zur ,religion und ,lit]atur des ,alt5 und ,neu5 ,te/am5ts4 #af4 ,heft1 #aiab4 ,b>ton1 ,g4 ,a4 ,ar*aeology & ! ,bible1 #aiad4 ,bew]1 ,j4 ,a4 ,! ,psalms & ! ,song ( ,songs1 ,*apt] ,,xx 9 ,! ,lit]ature ( ,! ,old ,te/am5t1 #aibf4 ,bll5r*]1 ,j4 ,gebete und ,hymn5 an ,n]gal4 7,leipzig] semitis*e ,/udi51 #aijd47 ,briggs1 ,c4 ,a4 ,! ,book ( ,psalms1 ,i4,c4,c4 7#b vols4 #aijf1 #aijg47 ,combe1 ,e4 ,hi/oire du ,culte de ,s91 #aijh4 ,craig1 ,j4 ,a4 ,assyrian und ,babylonian ,religi\s ,texts1 ,i & ,,ii4 7,assyris*e ,biblio!k1 h]ausgegeb5 von ,delitzs* und ,haupt1 ,,xiii1 #ahie74 ,fossey1 ,c4 ,la ,magie assyri5ne1 #aijb4 ,gunkel1 ,h4 ,ausgewhlte ,psalm51 #aiaa4 ---- ,die ,psalm54 7,die ,religion 9 ,ges*i*te und ,geg5w>t1 ,b& ,,iv1 #aiac47 ---- ,die ,psalm51 b]setzt und erklrt1 #aibf4 ---- ,e9leitung 9 die ,psalm51 #aibh4 ,haupt1 ,p4 ,akkadis*e und sum]is*e ,keils*rifttexte4 7,assyris*e ,biblio!k1 h]ausgegeb5 von ,delitzs* und ,haupt1 ,,xiii1 #ahie47 ,hehn1 ,j4 ,hymn5 und ,gebete an ,m>duk4 7,beitrage zur ,assyriologie1 #aijf1 ,vol4 ,v47 ,hussey1 ,m4 ,i4 ,"s ,sum]ian-,babylonian ,hymns ( ! ,b]l9 ,collection4 7,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,semitic ,languages & ,lit]ature1 ,janu>y1 #aijg47 ,hrozny1 ,f4 ,myt5 von dem ,gotte ,n9rag 7,n9ib74 7,mitteilung5 d] vord]asiatis*5 ,gesells*aft1 #aijc47 ,ja/r[1 ,m4 ,die ,religion babyloni5s und assyri5s1 #aije-ab4 ,j5s51 ,p4 ,texte zur asyris*-babylonis*5 ,religion4 ,i ,lief]ung1 #aiae4 ,j]emias1 ,a4 ,das ,alte ,te/am5t 9 ,li*te des alt5 ,ori5ts1 #aijf4 ,k5t1 ,c4 ,f4 ,songs1 ,hymns1 & ,pray]s ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 #aiad4 ,k+1 ,l4 ,w4 ,babylonian ,magic & ,sorc]y1 #ahif4 ,kittel1 ,r4 ,komm5t> zum ,alt5 ,te/am5t ,,xiii3 ,die ,psalm51 #aiad4 ,langdon1 ,s4 ,sum]ian & ,babylonian ,psalms1 #aiji4 ,lods1 ,a4 ,les ,idees de ,m4 ,m[9ckel4 7,revue de l'hi/oire des religions1 #aibe1 pp4 #ae-cd47 ,mac,millan1 ,k4 ,d4 ,"s ,cunei=m tablets be>+ on ! ,religion ( ,babylonia & ,assyria4 7,beitrage zur ,assyriologie1 ,vol4 ,v4 #ai47 ,m>t91 ,f4 ,textes ,religieux ,assyri5s et ,babyloni5s1 #aijj4 ,m[9ckel1 ,s4 ,psalm5 ,/udi51 ,vols4 ,i-,,vi1 #aiba-bd4 ,nikolsky1 ,n4 ,spur5 magis*5 ,=meln 9 d5 ,psalm51 #aibg4 ,p]ry1 ,e4 ,g4 ,hymn5 und ,gebete an ,s94 7,leipzig] semitis*e ,/udi51 #aijg47 ,pet]s1 ,j4 ,p4 ,! ,psalms z ,liturgies1 #aibb4 ,p9ck]t1 ,j4 ,hymn5 und ,gebete an ,nebo4 7,leipzig] semitis*e ,/udi51 #aijg47 ,radau1 ,h4 ,sum]ian ,hymns & ,pray]s to ,n9ib4 7,! ,babylonian ,exp$ition ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,s]ies ,a1 ,vol4 ,,xxix1 ,"p ,i47 #aiaa4 ---- ,miscellane\s ,sum]ian ,texts f ! ,temple ,libr>y ( ,nippur4 7,hilpre*t ,anniv]s>y ,volume1 #aiji47 ,rawl9son1 ,g4 ,cunei=m ,inscriptions ( ,we/]n ,asia1 #ahfa-ahhd4 ,rog]s1 ,r4 ,! ,religion ( ,babylonia & ,assyria1 #aijh4 ---- ,cunei=m ,p>allels to ! ,old ,te/am5t1 #aiab4 ,sayce1 ,a4 ,h4 ,hibb]t ,lectures1 #ahhg4 ,simpson1 ,d4 ,c4 7ed47 ,! ,psalmi/s1 #aibf4 ,smi?1 ,j4 ,m4 ,p4 ,! ,religion ( ! ,psalms1 #aibb4 ,/a]k1 ,w4 ,lyrik4 7,s*rift5 des ,alt5 ,te/am5ts 9 ,auswahl1 ,,iii3 #a1 #aiaa47 ,/rong1 ,s4 ,a4 ,proce$+s1 ,society ( ,biblical ,ar*aeology1 ,vol4 ,,xx3 #afa1 #ahih4 ,ungnad1 ,a4 ,f4 ,e4 ,9 ,gressmann1 ,altori5talis*e ,texte und ,bild]1 #aiji4 ,web]1 ,c4 ,die ,lit]atur d] ,babyloni] und ,assyri]1 #aijg4 ,wel*1 ,a4 ,c4 ,! ,psalt] 9 ,life1 ,wor%ip1 & ,hi/ory1 #aibf4 ,zimm]n1 ,h4 ,babylonis*e ,hymn5 und ,gebete 9 ,auswahl4 7,d] alte ,ori5t1 #aije47 ---- ,babylonis*e ,hymn5 und ,gebete1 ,zweite ,auswahl4 7,d] alte ,ori5t1 #aiaa47 ,,footnotes #a;,hymn to ,nebo ,no4 #a4 #b;,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #h4 #c;,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #c4 #d;,hymn to ,nusku ,no4 #a4 #e;,hymn to ,m>duk ,no4 #f4 #f;,hymn to ,i%t> ,no4 #g4 #g;,hymn to ,%ama% ,no4 #f4 #h,nebo ,no4 #a4 #i,nusku ,no4 #c4 #aj,nusku ,no4 #c4 #aa,nusku ,no4 #a4 #ab,n9ib ,no4 #b4 #ac,s9 ,no4 #e4 #ad,s9 ,no4 #a4 #ae,s>panitum ,no4 #a4 #af,%ama% ,no4 #e4 #ag,nusku ,no4 #b4 #ah,%ama% ,no4 #c4 #ai;,i%t> ,no4 #b4 #bj,n9ib ,no4 #d4 #ba,%ama% ,no4 #c4 #bb,%ama% ,no4 #b4 #bc,%ama% ,no4 #f4 #bd;,i%t> ,no4 #g4 #be,n9ib ,no4 #a4 #bf,n9ib ,no4 #a4 #bg,%ama% ,no4 #a4 #bh,m>duk ,no4 #f4 #bi,m>duk ,no4 #h4 #cj,nebo ,no4 #a4 #ca;,i%t> ,no4 #g4 #cb,m>duk ,no4 #a4 #cc,m>duk ,no4 #b4 #cd,n]gal ,no4 #h4 #ce;,enlil ,no4 #a4 #cf,nebo ,no4 #a4 #cg,n9ib ,no4 #a4 #ch,m>duk ,no4 #d4 #ci,s9 ,no4 #c4 #dj,s9 ,no4 #e4 #da;,hymn to ,n9ib ,no4 #a4 #db;,hymn to ,%ama% ,no4 #d4 #dc;,hymn to ,%ama% ,no4 #e4 #dd;,hymn to ,s9 ,no4 #d4 ,,indexes ,,g5]al ,,index ,a ,adad1 #ec1 #ee ,adoration1 #ah1 #ai1 #de1 #ec ,alphabetical psalms1 #ae1 #ag1 #bc1 #bh1 #dh ,ano9t$1 #ch1 #dh ,antiphonal hymns1 #cj1 #gb-hb1 #ii1 #aeg ,anti!tical p>allelism1 #ig ,apocrypha1 #c ,ascription ( praise1 #eg1 #fa1 #fc1 #fe1 #ff ,as%ur1 #ee1 #ha1 #aaj ,b ,babylonia1 #c1 #d1 #f ,bel1 #ee1 #fi1 #ib ,belit1 #ee1 #hd ,bless+1 #ab ,body ( hymn1 #ai1 #ba1 #bf ,bull ( ,jacob1 #hj ,c ,call to praise1 #ai-ba1 #bd1 #be1 #bf1 #bg1 #bi1 #cj1 #ca1 #cb1 #cc1 #cd1 #cg1 #ci1 #dj1 #he ,*oir1 #aa1 #dc1 #df1 #dg1 #gb1 #gc1 #gf1 #gg1 #gh1 #hf1 #ii ,city1 #de1 #df1 #gc ,classification1 #c ,comp>ative /udy1 #d1 #ie ,conclusion ( hymns1 #aj1 #aa1 #ae1 #bj1 #bc1 #be1 #bg1 #cd1 #ci1 #dj1 #fd1 #ha1 #he1 #hh ,confid5ce1 #e1 #f1 #ab1 #ae1 #bi ,coronation1 #g1 #dh ,c\ncil ( ! ,gods1 #cg1 #ajc ,c\plet1 #gc1 #gd1 #ge1 #gf1 #hf1 #if ,c\rt /yle1 #ef1 #eg1 #ei1 #fj1 #ff ,creator1 #ba1 #ha1 #abj1 #aba1 #abb1 #abc1 #abi1 #aee ,d ,damk9a1 #ee ,date1 #a ,decree1 #hb ,de/9y1 #aca1 #acb ,developm5t1 #d1 #e1 #ab1 #ae1 #ah1 #ec1 #ef1 #fe1 #ff1 #fi1 #ib1 #aef ,diaspora1 #aa1 #dg ,divisions ( l9e1 #ie ,e ,egypt1 #c1 #d ,enemies1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #ab1 #ad ,enlil1 #ee1 #fe1 #gb1 #hj ,en?usiasm1 #ah1 #ba1 #bb1 #cb1 #cd1 #ch1 #ed1 #ee1 #ajg1 #aai1 #abc ,es*atological psalms1 #f1 #ad1 #bf1 #ca1 #cb-ch1 #di1 #ej1 #aej1 #aeb ,e?ical "* ( ,assyrian god1 #ei1 #aea ,exalt$ deity1 #aaj1 #aaa ,f ,fai?1 #d1 #g1 #aj1 #ab1 #ac1 #ad1 #ae1 #af1 #ag1 #ah1 #be1 #cj1 #de ,fa!r1 #ade1 #aeg ,f]tility1 #bb1 #he1 #abe1 #abf ,=giv5ess1 #h1 #i1 #aj1 #ee1 #adc ,g ,gloss1 #hf ,goodness1 #bb1 #bd1 #db ,gratitude1 #aj1 #ah1 #ec1 #ee ,gr\ps1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #i1 #ec ,h ,hallelujah1 #ai1 #bj1 #bb1 #bc1 #cd1 #da ,h>ve/1 #ab ,heal+1 #i1 #aj1 #fa1 #fb1 #adb ,heav5s1 #db1 #aji1 #aaa1 #abj1 #aeg ,hol9ess ( ,gawe1 #bb1 #cd1 #ajg ,holy m\nta91 #aad ,hymn1 #d1 #aa1 #ab1 #ah1 #bj1 #bc1 #bd1 #bg1 #bh1 #bi1 #cj1 #cb1 #da1 #dc1 #dd1 #de1 #ec1 #ef1 #fe1 #ib ,hymnal introductions1 #ah1 #dj1 #ec1 #fj1 #fd1 #fe1 #fg1 #gd1 #gh1 #hc1 #ib1 #aef ,i ,idols1 #bb1 #be1 #bi1 #cg1 #aje ,iknaton1 #da ,individual1 !1 9 ,assyrian & ,hebrew religion1 #g1 #h1 #i1 #aj1 #ad1 #ba1 #bh1 #dc1 #fg1 #fh1 #gb1 #gh1 #ada1 #aeg ,invocation1 #eg1 #fj1 #fa1 #fe1 #ff1 #gc1 #gf1 #hi ,i%t>1 #ec1 #ee1 #ef1 #eh1 #fc1 #fd1 #gh1 #gi1 #he1 #hf1 #aji ,j ,j]usalem1 #ad1 #ba1 #dd1 #de1 #df1 #ada ,judge1 #cg1 #ajd1 #aej1 #aea1 #aeg ,k ,k+1 #f1 #i1 #aj1 #cb1 #cf1 #cg1 #ch1 #dh1 #di1 #ej1 #hb1 #acb1 #adf1 #aee1 #aef1 #aeg ,l ,lam5t1 #e1 #g1 #h1 #ae1 #dd1 #ec1 #ed1 #fd ,leg5d1 #aa ,l5g? ( l9e1 #ie ,lightn+1 #dj1 #hj ,litany1 #ha1 #hb ,lit]>y dep5d5ce1 #aje1 #aee ,liturgical psalms1 #aj1 #ac1 #bg1 #bh1 #cj1 #cf1 #da1 #dg ,"l1 #hj1 #ha1 #hb1 #ajd ,l[] _w1 #aaa ,m ,magic1 #g1 #ee1 #fb1 #ff1 #gc1 #gh1 #ij1 #if1 #ajf1 #acb1 #acd1 #adb1 #aee ,m>duk1 #ec1 #ee1 #ef1 #eg1 #eh1 #fc1 #fd1 #fh1 #fi1 #hi1 #ia1 #ajh1 #aaj1 #aaa ,m]cy1 #h1 #aj1 #bb1 #bf1 #aci1 #adj1 #ada1 #adb1 #adc1 #add1 #aee ,mono!ism1 #cf1 #ec1 #ed1 #ajb1 #aje1 #abj1 #aee ,moon1 #aji ,m\nta9s1 #aad1 #abj ,n ,"n1 #db1 #ge1 #hj1 #ha1 #he1 #ajf1 #ajg ,nationalism1 #e1 #f1 #h1 #aj1 #ad1 #bb1 #aeb ,nature1 #ci1 #ec1 #ei1 #ga1 #ajg1 #aji1 #abd1 #aed ,nebo1 #eg1 #eh1 #gc ,n]gal1 #ec1 #ee1 #ef1 #eg1 #gb1 #gd1 #ge1 #gg1 #hh1 #ij ,new song1 #cc ,night1 #ci ,n9ib1 #ec1 #ee1 #eg1 #eh1 #gj1 #hc1 #hd1 #aaj ,nusku1 #ec1 #ee1 #eh1 #ei1 #fb1 #hc1 #ajh1 #aah ,o ,oracle1 #ac1 #di1 #hb1 #acc1 #aee1 #aeg ,orig9ality1 #d1 #e1 #aa1 #bf ,p ,p>allelism1 #gb1 #gd1 #gf1 #if1 #ig1 #aed ,p5it5tial1 #d ,p]secution1 #g ,petition1 #e-h1 #aj1 #ae1 #ba1 #bi1 #ch1 #dj1 #da1 #dd1 #dh1 #fb1 #fc1 #fd1 #hg ,philological /udy ( psalms1 #c ,phraseology1 #hh1 #ajj1 #aee1 #aeg ,pilgrimage1 #dd1 #df1 #dg ,poly!ism1 #ec1 #ajj1 #aja1 #ajb1 #ajc1 #abb1 #acc1 #aeg ,p[]1 #bb1 #hd1 #acj1 #aca1 #acd1 #ace1 #acf1 #acg1 #ach1 #aee ,praise1 #d1 #f1 #aa1 #ah1 #ai1 #bc1 #fe1 #hc1 #aef ,pray]1 #d1 #f1 #g1 #i1 #dj1 #ec1 #ee ,prie/1 #f1 #aj1 #ac1 #ba1 #bi1 #cj1 #gb1 #gc1 #gd1 #ge1 #gf1 #gg1 #gh1 #hf ,processional1 #aa1 #bf1 #bg1 #df1 #fh1 #ii1 #aed ,prophetic1 #bh1 #de1 #aef ,proselytes1 #ba1 #bi ,r ,ramman1 #gb1 #gi1 #hj1 #hh1 #aji ,reasons = praise1 #bj1 #ba1 #bb1 #bh1 #bi ,refra91 #ce1 #fd1 #gb1 #gc1 #ge1 #gf1 #gi1 #hj1 #hg1 #ih1 #aed1 #aeg ,repetitions1 #gb1 #gf1 #gg1 #gh1 #hh ,responses1 #gc1 #gd1 #ge1 #hf ,rhetorical que/ions1 #fc1 #ff1 #hg1 #ii1 #ajc1 #aed ,righte\sness1 #aea1 #aeb1 #aee ,s ,sacrifice1 #e1 #f1 #i1 #ec1 #ee1 #ef1 #fe1 #aaf1 #aag1 #aah1 #aai1 #abe ,sanctu>y1 #c1 #e1 #f1 #i1 #aa1 #ab1 #ai1 #ba1 #bc1 #be1 #bg1 #cb1 #dd1 #ei1 #fi1 #hf1 #ia1 #ib1 #aab1 #aed ,s>panitum1 #ee1 #ei1 #fd1 #fe1 #aji ,sceptre1 #adf1 #adi ,second p]son1 #bj1 #be1 #ce1 #cf1 #dj1 #dc1 #ee1 #fe1 #ff1 #gb1 #hi1 #ij1 #ib ,self-introduction1 #hg1 #ib ,s5na*]ib1 #df ,%ama%1 #dj1 #ec1 #ee1 #eh1 #gj1 #ga1 #ajh ,%eol1 #i1 #ag ,%eph]d1 #ac1 #add1 #aeg ,sickness1 #g1 #h1 #i1 #fa1 #adb ,simplicity1 #e1 #h1 #aa1 #ac ,s91 #ec1 #ee1 #eg1 #ei1 #fc1 #fe1 #ga1 #gc1 #gf1 #ajh ,soliloquy1 #ac1 #da ,solo1 #aa1 #dc ,/rophic arrangem5t1 #fe1 #gi1 #hf1 #ih1 #aed ,supplication1 #d ,supreme ,god1 #ajd1 #aje ,synonym\s p>allelism1 #if ,syn!tical p>allelism1 #ig ,t ,tautological p>allelism1 #if ,tea*+1 #d1 #i1 #ae1 #ag1 #cj ,te/imony1 #h1 #i1 #ab1 #ah1 #db ,?anksgiv+1 #h1 #i1 #aj1 #aa1 #ab1 #ec ,?ird p]son1 #bj1 #be1 #ce1 #cf1 #dj1 #ee1 #hi1 #ij1 #ib1 #ii ,?rone1 #adf1 #adh ,?und]1 #ci1 #dj1 #hh1 #aji1 #abg1 #abi ,titles1 #eg1 #eh1 #fh1 #gb1 #gc1 #gf1 #hg ,tri/i*1 #gf1 #if ,type1 #c1 #i ,u ,univ]salism1 #bd1 #bf1 #ca1 #cg1 #ec1 #ajg ,v ,v>iation1 #c1 #bd1 #ge ,voice1 #ci1 #hh1 #aaj ,v[1 #e1 #i1 #ab1 #cj1 #ha ,w ,w> ,god1 #acd1 #ace1 #acf1 #acg1 #aeg ,wisdom1 #ae1 #bh1 #cj1 #fe1 #ff1 #acj1 #aca1 #acb1 #acd1 #aee ,^w1 #fi1 #hi1 #ij1 #ia1 #abg1 #abh1 #abi ,,index ,,( ,,biblical ,,passages ,psalm #a #ae #b #ch1 #di1 #ej1 #hb1 #abc #c #g #d #ab #g #g1 #h #h #bj1 #bb1 #ci1 #da1 #db1 #dg1 #ie1 #if1 #ajf1 #aaj1 #aaa1 #aba1 #abc1 #aee1 #aef #i #ab #aj #e #aa #ab1 #aji1 #aea #ac #g1 #adb #af #ab #ag #h1 #aaf #ah #i #ai #bj1 #ci1 #dj1 #ie1 #if1 #acd #bj #f #ba #i #bb #g #bc #ab #bd #bj1 #bg1 #if1 #ace1 #aed1 #aee #bf #h #bg #ab1 #aaf #bi #bj1 #ba1 #bb1 #bc1 #ci1 #ajd1 #aji1 #abh1 #adi1 #aee #cj #i #ca #adb #cb #i1 #ai #cc #bj1 #bb1 #bc1 #cj1 #ajg1 #aba1 #abb1 #abi1 #aca1 #acb1 #adc #cd #ae #cg #ae1 #af #ch #h1 #adb #ci #h #db #h1 #ai #dc #h1 #ai #dd #e1 #dd #de #dh #df #ad1 #aje #dg #bj1 #cb1 #cd1 #ig1 #ach1 #adh1 #adi1 #aee #dh #de1 #df1 #dg1 #ib1 #ajf1 #aad1 #aej1 #aed #di #ae1 #af #ea #h #ee #g #ef #g #eg #g #eh #aea #ei #g1 #h #fj #e #fb #ab1 #aad #fc #ab1 #aaf #fd #g #fe #aa1 #ab1 #ai #ff #i1 #bj1 #adc #fg #f1 #ba1 #cg1 #if1 #ig1 #aee #fh #bj1 #ba1 #bb1 #aaj1 #abg1 #ace1 #acf1 #acg1 #ach1 #ada1 #adc1 #aea #fi #g #gj #g #ga #h #gb #f1 #g1 #dh1 #di #gc #ae1 #af #gd #e #ge #aea #gf #ajf1 #aab1 #acb1 #ach #gh #ae #gi #e #hj #e #ha #ach #hb #cb1 #ce1 #cg1 #ch1 #ig1 #ajd1 #aaj1 #abc1 #aea #hc #e1 #aaj #hd #bj1 #dd1 #aab #he #e #hf #adj1 #adb #hg #dd1 #dg1 #dh1 #aad #hh #h #hi #ajc1 #ajd1 #acf1 #ach1 #aef #ij #f #ia #ac #ib #ab1 #aaj1 #acb #ic #bj1 #cb1 #ce1 #cf1 #aaf1 #adh1 #adi #ie #bj1 #ajb1 #aad1 #aah1 #aba1 #abd1 #add1 #adi1 #aej1 #aed #if #bj1 #cb1 #cc1 #cd1 #cg1 #ajb1 #ajc1 #aje1 #aab1 #aah1 #adi1 #aeb1 #aec1 #aee #ig #bj1 #cb1 #cd1 #ce1 #cf1 #cg1 #ajd1 #acg1 #ach1 #adh1 #adi1 #aea1 #aec #ih #bj1 #cb1 #cc1 #cd1 #cf1 #cg1 #if1 #ig1 #acf1 #aeb1 #aec #ii #bj1 #cb1 #cc1 #cd1 #ce1 #cf1 #ih1 #ajf1 #aaj1 #aah1 #adi1 #aea #ajj #ai1 #bj1 #bb1 #bf1 #aac1 #add1 #aee #aja #dh #ajb #h #ajc #i1 #aj1 #ah1 #bb1 #ajg1 #adj1 #ada1 #adc1 #add1 #ade1 #adh1 #aej #ajd #bb1 #bc1 #ci1 #dj1 #da1 #ig1 #ii1 #aaj1 #aaf1 #abb1 #abd1 #abe1 #abf1 #abi1 #acc1 #acg1 #aef #aje #ab #ajg #aj #aji #g #aaj #di1 #hb #aaa #ai1 #bj1 #bb1 #bc1 #bh1 #aah #aab #ae #aac #ai1 #bj1 #bb1 #bc1 #be1 #ii1 #ajc1 #aje1 #aaj1 #aaa1 #adj1 #ada #aad #aa1 #abf1 #acf1 #acg #aae #ai1 #bj1 #ba1 #bb1 #bc1 #bi1 #ie1 #ig1 #ih1 #ajf1 #aji1 #aab1 #aah1 #abb #aaf #i1 #adb #aag #ai1 #bj1 #ba1 #bc1 #ca #aah #i #aai #dh #aba #ac #abb #dd1 #de #abc #e1 #f #abd #aa #abe #e1 #f1 #ae1 #af #abf #e #abg #ae1 #af #abh #ae1 #af #abi #e1 #f #acj #h #aca #ac #acb #aab1 #aae #acc #ae1 #af #acd #ai1 #bj1 #bg1 #abb #ace #ai1 #bj1 #ba1 #bb1 #bc1 #bd1 #ajb1 #aje1 #ajg1 #aaj1 #aad1 #acf1 #aeb #acf #e1 #aa1 #ab1 #ajd1 #aba #acg #e #ach #i #aci #ae1 #aab1 #abc1 #aci #add #aef #ade #ai1 #bj1 #ba1 #bb1 #bc1 #bh1 #ajg1 #aah1 #adj1 #adi #adf #ai1 #bj1 #ba1 #bb1 #bc1 #bh1 #aah1 #adj1 #ada1 #adb1 #adi #adg #ai1 #bj1 #ba1 #bb1 #bc1 #bd1 #aac1 #aad1 #abd1 #abe1 #abf1 #abi1 #acj1 #ada #adh #ai1 #bj1 #ba1 #bb1 #bc1 #bd1 #ajg1 #aaj1 #aaa1 #aba1 #abi #adi #ai1 #bj1 #bc1 #cb1 #cc1 #cd1 #cg1 #abd1 #aec #aej #ai1 #bj1 #ba1 #bb1 #bc1 #bd1 #aac1 #adh1 #aee ,jonah #b #i ,exodus #c3f #hg #bj3b #hg ,isaiah #da3b1 #d #hg #db3h #hg #dc3aa1 #ab #hg #de3e1 #g #hh ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes --,a few typographical errors or inconsi/5t spell+s 7 correct$4 --,an orig9al cov] image 0 produc$1 = unre/rict$ di/ribution ) ?is ,di/ribut$-,pro(read]s e,book4 --,9 ! text v]sion only1 delimit$ italiciz$ text )9 und]scores4 --,! orig9al copyright notice is pres]v$1 al?\gh ?is edition is 9 ! public doma9 9 ! c\ntry ( publication4