,illu/ration3 ,cyphocrania ,golia? 7r$uc$74 ,frontispiece4 ,,! ,,"y ,,collector',s ,,h&book ,,( ,ants1 ,bees1 ,dragon ,flies1 ,e>wigs1 ,crickets1 & ,flies 7,,hym5opt]a1 ,,neuropt]a1 ,,or?opt]a1 ,,hemipt]a1 ,,dipt]a74 ,,by ,w4 ,,h>c\rt ,,ba?4 ,illu/ration3 colophon ,,second ,,edition4 ,,london3 ,,swan ,,sonn5s*e9 ,,co41 ,,pat]no/] ,,squ>e4 #ahij4 ,pr9t$ by ,hazell1 ,watson1 ,v9ey1 ,ld41 ,london & ,aylesbury4 ,,preface4 ,mo/ boys h a fondness = =m+ collections ( v>i\s objects1 su* z ,=eign ,/amps1 ,cre/s1 & ,co9s2 b v few comp>atively collect ,natural ,objects4 ,n[ x w be admitt$ by all t ! collect+ ( ,natural ,objects1 su* z ,insects1 ,%ells1 ,plants1 ,fossils1 ,m9]als1 etc41 possesses imm5se advantages ov] t ( ,=eign ,/amps & ! l2 = ! =m]1 besides satisfy+ ! collect+ ambitions1 also cultivates ! obs]vant & intellectual faculties1 :ile at ! same "t af=d+ heal?ful recreation 9 ! fields & woods4 ,aga91 a m]e collector's prov9ce may be exhau/$ 9 a few ye>s1 :]eas ! /udy & obs]vation ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 :i* are ! usual fruits ( collect+ ,natural ,objects1 are practically inexhau/ible4 ,ano!r great advantage :i* ,natural ,hi/ory possesses1 is t x may be prosecut$ ) v little exp5se1 & is !re=e a subject :i* ev5 ! poore/ p]son may conv5i5tly und]take4 ,?is little h&book is int5d$ to be a ,guide to ,collect+ ,insects1 :i* by way ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 we may rem>k1 is becom+ m popul> e day 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,hi!rto1 h[ev]1 !re h be5 v few books publi%$ on ,entomology = beg9n]s1 b = ^? :o wi% to g m deeply into ! subject ?an ! pres5t brief manual c pret5d1 we w\ld /rongly recomm5d !m to obta9 ,mr4 ,kirby's excell5t illu/rat$ ,text-,book ( ,entomology 7,swan ,sonn5s*e9 ,co471 to :i* "w we are greatly indebt$ = mu* valuable & int]e/+ in=mation4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,introduction #i ,,ord] ,,hym5opt]a #ac ,,ord] ,,neuropt]a #cd ,,ord] ,,or?opt]a #eb ,,ord] ,,hemipt]a #fd ,,ord] ,,dipt]a #hf ,,! ,,"y ,,collector',s ,,h&book ,,( ,ants1 ,bees1 ,dragon ,flies1 ,e>wigs1 ,crickets & ,flies4 ,,introduction4 ,by ! ,l9nan sy/em insects are divid$ into sev5 great ,natural ,ord]s--namely1 ,coleopt]a1 ,or?opt]a1 ,neuropt]a1 ,hym5opt]a1 ,lepidopt]a1 ,hemipt]a1 & ,dipt]a4 ,( ^!1 ! ,lepidopt]a or ,butt]flies & ,mo?s1 & ! ,coleopt]a or ,beetles1 h hi!rto receiv$ ! lion's %>e ( att5tion1 ?\gh ?is is less exclusively ! case ?an x 0 "s few ye>s ago4 ,any "o :o wi%es to comm5ce ! /udy ( ^! two ord]s n[ w h to "w v h>d inde$ be=e he c hope to put any?+ new on record conc]n+ !m4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a v wide field = rese>* & discov]y op5 to all :o w turn _! att5tion to ! o!r gr\ps1 & x is ) ! int5tion ( enc\rag+ ! /udy ( ^! ,neglect$ ,ord]s t we h writt5 ! pres5t little h&book4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ord]s :i* we "h int5d to treat ( are ! foll[+3-- ,! ,hym5opt]a1 includ+ ! ,bees1 ,wasps1 ,ants1 ,saw ,flies1 ,gall ,flies1 ,i*neumon ,flies1 & _! allies4 ,! ,neuropt]a1 includ+ ! ,dragon ,flies1 ,day ,flies1 ,lacew+ ,flies1 ,/one ,flies1 ,caddis ,flies1 & _! allies4 ,! ,or?opt]a1 includ+ ! ,gras%opp]s1 ,locu/s1 ,crickets1 ,cockroa*es1 ,e>wigs1 & _! allies4 ,! ,hemipt]a1 includ+ ! ,bugs1 ,skat]s1 ,lant]n ,flies1 ,frog ,hopp]s1 ,aphides1 & _! allies4 ,! ,dipt]a1 includ+ ! ,gnats1 ,midges1 ,crane ,flies1 ,hawk ,flies1 ,bee ,flies1 ,breeze ,flies1 ,bot ,flies1 & _! allies4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4--;,hopli/om]us ,s]ripes4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4--,l$ra ,aurita 7,mag47 ,! numb] ( insects is s l>ge 7ab\t #ac1jjj diff]5t k9ds are f\nd 9 our own c\ntry alone7 t x w be f\nd impossible by any "o to collect ! :ole at once2 & to /udy !m all is completely out ( ! "q4 ,a s+le insect1 inde$1 is ample to occupy a :ole lifetime 9 ! elucidation ( its life hi/ory4 ,mo/ p]sons1 :5 !y comm5ce to /udy insects1 collect indiscrim9ately ev]y?+ :i* comes 9 _! way2 b !y soon f9d ! subject too imm5se = !m to grasp z a :ole1 & !y ei!r give up collect+ altoge!r1 or else conf9e _! att5tion to a s+le gr\p or ord] ( insects4 ,we w\ld recomm5d e "y p]son to make up 8 m9d at ! fir/ :i* gr\p or gr\ps ( insects he has a special fondness or lik+ =4 ,hav+ done s1 he w require to "k ! be/ means ( atta9+ 8 object--namely1 ! =mation ( a collection4 ,a few h9ts1 !re=e1 z to ! mode ( collect+ & pres]v+ insects 9 g5]al may be ( assi/ance to ! "y collector4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4--;,aphna ,amabilis4 ,fir/ ( all1 z to ! app>atus necess>y = collect+ insects4 ,?is w be f\nd v simple & inexp5sive4 ,a butt]fly net is1 p]haps1 ! mo/ useful requisite4 ,an ord9>y cane-gauze net w d well4 ,a good /ock ( *ip pill-boxes w also be ne$$4 ,^! c be pur*as$ f ! %op ( any ,natural ,hi/ory deal] at ab\t #c;d4 p] doz51 ne/$ 79 f\r sizes74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4--,or!sia ,urtic 7,mag47 ,= collect+ aquatic insects & _! l>v we %all require a wat] net1 made ( f9e z9c-gauze1 ab\t six in*es 9 diamet]1 to gr\p ab\t among /ones & o!r rubbi% at ! bottom ( pools & dit*es4 ,?is in/rum5t %\ld be made s z to slip on & (f a walk+-/ick :5 requir$4 ,a kill+ bottle *>g$ ) cyanide ( potassium or ) *opp$ laurel leaves completes ! outfit4 ,little ne$ be said z reg>ds ! mode ( collect+ insects1 z _! habits may be ga!r$ f ! foll[+ pages4 ,!y may be f\nd almo/ ev]y:]e1 9 woods1 fields1 g>d5s1 9 pools1 dit*es1 canals1 & riv]s1 "u dead leaves & ! b>k ( trees1 among moss & /ones1 etc41 etc4 ,!y may also be f\nd at all times ( ! ye>2 ev5 9 ! dep? ( w9t] "s species may be met )4 ,mo/ insects may be pres]v$ 9 ! same mann] z ,butt]flies & ,mo?s4 ,!y %\ld be set on flat sett+-bo>ds1 & left to dry ?or\ghly be=e be+ remov$4 ,! small] species may be gumm$ to c>dbo>d 9 a simil> way to ,beetles4 ,9 ! arrangem5t ( ! insects 9 ! cab9et ! classification & ord] giv5 9 ^! pages may be foll[$4 ,ab\t half-a-doz5 ( ea* species w be f\nd a conv5i5t numb] to collect4 ,,ord] ,,hym5opt]a4 ,,includ+ ,,! ,,bees1 ,,wasps1 ,,ants1 ,,i*neumon ,,flies1 ,,saw ,,flies1 ,,gall ,,flies1 ,,& ,,_! ,,allies4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4--;,cryptus ,=mosus4 ,! ,hym5opt]a belongs to "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ & ext5sive ord]s ( insects4 ,! /ructure & habits ( ! diff]5t species :i* x includes are v v>i\s4 ,_! m>vell\s in/9cts h excit$ ! admiration & wond]m5t ( ! philosoph]s ( all ages4 ,!y are1 inde$1 by f> ! mo/ intellig5t ( insects1 be+ greatly 9 advance ( any o!r gr\p kn[n to exi/4 ,! ,hym5opt]a are m&ibulate insects1 _! m\?s be+ =m$ = bit+1 & !y und]go complete metamorphoses4 ,p]haps ! mo/ /rik+ ext]nal di/9ctive "* is to be f\nd 9 ! /ructure ( ! w+s1 bo? pairs ( :i* are membran\s2 & ano!r peculi>ity ( equal importance is ! condition ( ! pro?orax1 :i* is r$uc$ to v small dim5sions4 ,9 ! majority ( ! ,hym5opt]a ! females are provid$ ) /+s1 :i* s]ve _m purposes1 indep5d5tly ( weapons ( def5ce4 ,_m families1 h[ev]1 d n possess /+s4 ,_m ( ! ,hym5opt]a fe$ on plants & trees1 b probably ! great] numb] are p>asitic on o!r insects4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4--,pimpla ,turionell 7,mag47 ,?is ord] includes ! bees1 wasps1 ants1 saw flies1 gall flies1 i*neumon flies1 & _m o!r famili> insects4 ,! foll[+ w %[ ! pr9cipal *>act]i/ics ( ea* gr\p into :i* ! ord] has be5 divid$4 ,tribe #a1 ,aculeata4--,g5]ally social insects1 consi/+ ( males1 females1 & neut]s4 ,ovipositor modifi$ into a /+4 ,l>v1 footless grubs4 ,tribe #b1 ,entomophaga4--,mo/ly p>asitic on ! eggs & l>v ( o!r insects4 ,ovipositor us$ z a bor]4 ,l>v1 footless grubs4 ,tribe #c1 ,phytophaga4--,pr9cipally vegetable fe$]s4 ,ovipositor us$ z a bor]4 ,l>v hav+ six or m legs4 ,,tabul> ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,pr9cipal ,,families ,,( ,,! ,,hym5opt]a4 ,,tribe ,i4 ,,aculeata4 ,section #a4 ,an?ophila4 ,family #a4 ,aphid or ,honey ,bees4 ,family #b4 ,&r5id or ,burr[+ ,bees4 ,section #b4 ,diplopt]a4 ,family #c4 ,vespid or ,social ,wasps4 ,family #d4 ,eum5id or ,bramble ,wasps4 ,family #e4 ,mas>id or ,solit>y ,wasps4 ,section #c4 ,fossores4 ,family #f4 ,philan?id or ,bee-eat+ ,wasps4 ,family #g4 ,crabronid or ,s& ,wasps4 ,family #h4 ,nyssonid or ,fly-eat+ ,wasps4 ,family #i4 ,l>rid or ,black ,wasps4 ,family #aj4 ,sphegid or ,gras%opp]-eat+ ,wasps4 ,family #aa4 ,pompilid or ,burr[+ ,wasps4 ,family #ab4 ,bembecid or ,sc5t$ ,wasps4 ,family #ac4 ,sapygid or ,bees' ,ne/ ,wasps4 ,family #ad4 ,scoliid or ,beetle-eat+ ,ants4 ,family #ae4 ,?ymid or ,/\t-bodi$ ,ants4 ,family #af4 ,mutillid or ,solit>y ,ants4 ,section #d4 ,het]ogyna4 ,family #ag4 ,=micid or ,social ,ants4 ,,tribe ,,ii4 ,,entomophaga4 ,family #ah4 ,cympid or ,gall ,flies4 ,family #ai4 ,*alcidid or ,little ,gall ,flies4 ,family #bj4 ,proctotrypid or ,bee ,p>asites4 ,family #ba4 ,braconid or ,butt]fly ,p>asites4 ,family #bb4 ,i*neumonid or ,i*neumon ,flies4 ,family #bc4 ,evaniid or ,beetle ,p>asites4 ,family #bd4 ,*rysidid or ,gold5 ,wasps4 ,,tribe ,,iii4 ,,phytophaga4 ,family #be4 ,s]icid or ,tail$ ,wasps4 ,family #bf4 ,t5?r$9id or ,saw ,flies4 ,,tribe ,i4--,,aculeata4 ,! ,aculeata conta9s ! great majority ( ! ,hym5opt]a4 ,_! pr9cipal *>act]i/ic is t ! ovipositor ( ! female 9 mo/ ( ! gr\ps is modifi$ into a /+4 ,! l>v are footless grubs4 ,?is tribe is divid$ into f\r sections1 :i* are aga9 subdivid$ into sev5te5 families1 ea* ( :i* x is our int5tion to discuss 9 _! prop] ord]4 ,section #a4--;,an?ophila4 ,family #a1 ,aphid4--,?is family conta9s ! num]\s species ( honey bees :i* are famili> to all ( u4 ,!y are v v>i$ 9 _! /ructure1 col\rs1 & habits4 ,_m species are social1 :ile _m o!rs are solit>y4 ,! common ,hive ,bee 7,apis mellifica7 belongs to ! =m] class4 ,!re is1 p]haps1 no insect :i* has attract$ s mu* notice z ?is species4 ,volumes h be5 writt5 respect+ x1 & philosoph]s 9 all ages ( ! _w's hi/ory h sp5t _! :ole lifetime 9 ! elucidation ( its economy4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g4--,megis*us ,annulator4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h4--;,apis ,mellifica 7,que574 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #i4--;,apis ,mellifica 7,drone74 ,9 s\!rn ,europe1 notably 9 ,italy1 a mu* bright]-col\r$ & f9] insect is f\nd1 di/+ui%$ especially by hav+ yell[ transv]se b&s on ! abdom54 ,?is bee 0 long suppos$ to be a di/9ct species1 & 0 describ$ "u ! "n ( ,apis ligu/ica1 b x is n[ reg>d$ z m]ely a v>iety4 ,?is bee has be5 introduc$ into all ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,europe4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj4--;,apis ,mellifica 7,work]74 ,sev]al species ( ,humble ,bees are v common 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,"o ( ! be/ kn[n is ! ,bombus t]re/ris1 ! l>ge females ( :i* may atta9 a l5g? ( ne>ly an in*4 ,?is is a l>ge black insect ) ! extremity yell[4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa4--,melipona ,an?idioides 7,mag47 ,9 ano!r r small] species1 ,bombus lucorum1 ! extremity ( ! abdom5 is :ite4 ,bo? ^! species are subt]ranean bees1 =m+ _! ne/s 9 banks1 etc4 ,( ! moss-build]s1 ! be/ kn[n1 p]haps1 is ! ,bombus muscorum1 ! l>ge/ specim5s ( :i* measure ab\t two-?irds ( an in* long4 ,ano!r species1 ,bombus lapid>ius1 is s call$ f a pref]5ce x %[s = mak+ its ne/s "u /ones4 ,! end ( ! abdom5 ( ?is bee is bright orange-r$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ab4--;,bombus ,pratorum4 ,( ! solit>y bees a v common black species is ,an?ophora ac]vorum1 :i* is usually f\nd 9 abundance 9 ! spr+ 9 ! neighb\rhood ( banks & cliffs4 ,! violet ,c>p5t] ,bee 7,xylocopa violacea71 :i* *iefly inhabits ! s\? ( ,europe1 is a v pretty insect ) violet-col\r$ w+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ac4--,xylocopa ,violacea4 ,! ,mason ,bee 7,*alicodoma mur>ia7 builds its ne/1 compos$ ( f9e gra9s ( s&1 v firmly unit$ by a saliv>y secretion1 ^u ! surface ( walls & simil> situations4 ,?is species has hi!rto n be5 met ) 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! ,horn$ ,bee 7,osmia bicornis7 is rem>kable = ! female hav+ two little horns project+ f ! front ( h] head4 ,?is insect usually burr[s 9 s&y banks & cliffs4 ,ano!r alli$ species 7,osmia hirta7 burr[s 9 wood1 :il/ two o!rs 7,osmia bicolor & aurul5ta7 select ready-made ne/s 9 ! %ells ( ! common snails 7,helix hort5sis & ,h4 nemoralis71 )9 ! :orls ( :i* !y build _! cells ( gnaw$ vegetable mat]ial4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ad4--;,ct5ios*elus ,latreillii4 ,! ,leaf-cutt+ ,bees1 :i* belong to ! g5us ,mega*ile1 are also v int]e/+ 9 _! habits4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ae4--,osmia ,tun5sis4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #af4--;,&r5a ,coll>is4 ,family #b1 ,&r5id4--,all ! insects belong+ to ?is family are solit>y 9 _! habits4 ,! species are v num]\s 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,_m ( !m burr[ 9 ! gr\nd1 :ile o!rs h be5 obs]v$ to make _! ne/s 9 bramble /ick4 ,!y are usually smoo?1 black insects1 v unlike bees 9 appe>ance4 ,! females h no app>atus = c>ry+ poll5 ei!r on ! legs or on ! abdom54 ,section #b4--;,diplopt]a4 ,family #c1 ,vespid4--,! ,social ,wasps1 :i* belong to ?is family1 are v well kn[n ev]y:]e 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,9 _! g5]al /ructure !y resemble ! bees1 b are usually mu* m sl5d] 9 appe>ance1 & also mu* less hairy4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ag4--,poli/es ,gallica4 ,! g5]al habits ( ^! wasps are pretty uni=m except 9 ! matt] ( _! ar*itecture1 & 9 ?is respect !y display a rem>kable v>iety4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ah4--,ne/ ( ,poli/es ,gallica4 ,besides ! common ,wasp 7,vespa vulg>is7 two o!r species f\nd 9 ?is c\ntry1 :i* build _! ne/s 9 ! gr\nd1 foll[ ! same pr9ciples 9 ! con/ruction ( _! ne/s4 ,! ,hornet 7,vespa crabo71 :i* is rem>kable = its l>ge size1 usually builds its ne/ 9 ! holl[ ( a tree4 ,bo? ! hornet & common wasp sometimes build _! ne/s "u ! eaves ( h\ses or atta*$ to a beam "u ! ro(2 & 9 ^! cases ! out] cov]+ ( ! ne/ is ?9n] & m delicate 9 texture ?an :5 ! dwell+ is expos$ to ! vicissitudes ( ! wea!r4 ,ano!r common species inhabit+ ,brita9 is ! ,wood ,wasp 7,vespa sylve/ris71 :i* builds ne/s susp5d$ f ! bran*es ( trees4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ai4--,odyn]us ,ovalis 7,mag47 ,family #d1 ,eum5id4--,"o ( ! commone/ & be/-kn[n species belong+ to ?is family is ! ,wall ,wasp 7,odyn]us p>ietum71 :i* may be almo/ con/antly se5 haunt+ sunny walls dur+ ! mon?s ( ,june & ,july4 ,x makes its burr[s 9 walls & high banks1 :ile _m o!r alli$ species =m _! ne/s 9 ! holl[ /ems ( brambles4 ,family #e1 ,mas>id4--,?is family conta9s ! great bulk ( ! solit>y wasps1 :i*1 h[ev]1 are pr9cipally inhabitants ( w>m climates4 ,! ,mas>id are a small gr\p ( black-yell[ belt$ wasps1 :i* are f\nd 9 ! s\? ( ,europe1 b n 9 ,brita91 two ( ! commone/ species be+ ,celonites api=mis & ,c]amius fonscolombi4 ,section #c4--;,fossores4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bj4--;,c]c]is ,capito4 ,family #f1 ,philan?id4--,mo/ ( ! species belong+ to ?is family are black ) yell[ spots & b&s1 & mo/ ( !m are inhabitants ( ! w>m] p>ts ( ! e>?4 ,"s ( ! species provision _! ne/s ) beetles & gras%opp]s1 :ile o!rs attack bees1 & are v mis*iev\s1 de/roy+ great numb]s4 ,family #g1 ,crabronid4--,?is family includes a consid]able numb] ( solit>y species ( wasps4 ,9 col\r !y are g5]ally black spott$ & /rip$ ) yell[1 b _m ( !m are bright r$4 ,! typical g5us ,crabro is a v ext5sive "o1 includ+ ov] #aej species1 a great proportion ( :i* are inhabitants ( ,europe1 :ile ev5 ,brita9 possesses m ?an ?irty4 ,crabro cribr>ius is ! l>ge/ ,briti% species4 ,its food consi/s pr9cipally ( gnats & o!r dipt]\s insects4 ,?is insect & _m o!rs burr[ 9 ! gr\nd1 g5]ally 9 h>d s&banks4 ,ano!r species 7,crabro brevis7 frequ5ts simil> situations1 & has be5 kn[n to provision its ne/ ) small beetles4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ba4--;,*lorion ,viridineum4 ,family #h1 ,nyssonid4--,?is family is n a num]\s "o comp>atively4 ,mell9us arv5sis is a black insect1 ab\t half an in* 9 l5g?1 ) /ripes on ! abdom5 & yell[ legs4 ,x provisions its ne/ ) flies1 & n be+ able to capture !m by swiftness1 runs pa/ !m :5 !y are re/+ 9 an unconc]n$ mann] till !y are ?r[n (f _! gu>d1 :5 !y are p\nc$ ^u & c>ri$ (f to ! ne/4 ,family #i1 ,l>rid4--,?is family v mu* resembles ! la/4 ,! species are mo/ly small insects1 few ( !m measur+ half an in* 9 l5g?4 ,!y are usually black1 sometimes ) ! abdom5 r$ at ! base4 ,family #aj1 ,sphegid4--,mo/ ( ! insects includ$ 9 ?is family fe$ ^u gras%opp]s1 & ! mann] 9 :i* !y procure _! prey is v curi\s4 ,9 attack+ _! bulky prey !y use e endeav\r to turn ! gras%opp] on its back4 ,:5 !y succe$ 9 ?is !y inflict /+s 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! und]side ( ! abdom5 & ?orax1 :i* soon p>alyse ! victim1 :i* is !n dragg$ to ! ne/ ( ! ru?less de/roy]4 ,sphex flavip5nis is a common species 9 ! s\? ( ,europe4 ,family #aa1 ,pompilid4--,mo/ ( ! species ( ,pompilus burr[ 9 s& or s&y soil1 & /ore _! ne/s ) spid]s & ! l>v ( insects4 ,"o ( our commone/ species1 ,pompilus fuscus1 is usually ab\t half an in* long1 & is black1 ) ! fir/ ?ree segm5ts ( ! abdom5 r$ b&$ ) black4 ,?is insect makes its appe>ance 9 ! spr+1 & may be obs]v$ 9 s&y places ?r\gh\t ! summ]4 ,ano!r common ,briti% species is ,pompilus punctum1 :i* is black 9 col\r4 ,family #ab1 ,bombicid4--,?is small family is n repres5t$ 9 ,brita91 ?\gh f\nd 9 s\!rn ,europe4 ,_m ( ! insects burr[ 9 ! s&1 scrat*+ a hole ) _! =efeet l a dog1 z obs]v$ by ,sir ,s4 ,saund]s 9 ! ,ionian ,isl&s4 ,9 ! daytime !y may be se5 fly+ rapidly f fl[] to fl[]1 & _m ( !m exhale an od\r ( roses4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bb4--,sapyya ,clavicornis4 ,family #ac1 ,sapygid4--,?is is a small family conta9+ only a s+le g5us1 ) v few species4 ,! species ( ,sapyga occur 9 ,europe & ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,!y are suppos$ to be p>asitic 9 ! ne/s ( bees1 b ! females ( ! common ,european species 7,sapyga pacca7 h be5 obs]v$ c>ry+ small cat]pill>s1 f :i* ,mr4 ,smi? 7! great au?ority on ,hym5opt]a7 ju/ly inf]s t !y are p>asitic only to ! ext5t ( usurp+ ! burr[s made 9 s&banks & dead wood by m indu/ri\s insects1 _! own /ructure n adapt+ !m = ! lab\r ( digg+4 ,family #ad1 ,scoliid4--,al?\gh ?is family is abundant 9 w>m climates1 we h only two small species belong+ to ! g5us ,tiphia 9 ,brita94 ,!y are black1 ) m or less r$di% legs1 & measure f a qu>t] to half an in* 9 l5g?4 ,9 s\? ,europe we meet ) sev]al l>ge & h&some species1 "o ( :i*1 ,scolia hortorum1 is black ) two yell[ b&s on ! abdom54 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bc4--,scolia ,hortorum4 ,family #ae1 ,?ymid4--,! insects ( ?is family are almo/ exclusively conf9$ to ,au/ralia & ,s\? ,am]ica1 :]e !y are v num]\s4 ,!y are g5]ally ( a black col\r1 ) m or less ext5d$ yell[ m>k+s4 ,!y are v /\t insects2 9 fact1 _! bloat$ bodies give !m v little resemblance to any o!r insects1 except p]haps to ! ,oil ,beetles4 ,v little has hi!rto be5 asc]ta9$ respect+ _! habits1 b !y are believ$ to be p>asitic4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bd4--,mutilla ,maura 7,male74 ,family #af1 ,mutillid4--,?is family includes a l>ge numb] ( species1 probably #a1ejj1 b f ! diff]5ces pres5t$ by ! males & females1 entomologi/s h f\nd x difficult to arrive at any c]ta9ty ^u ?is po9t4 ,! species are spread ov] all ! e>?1 b are p>ticul>ly abundant 9 w>m climates1 :]e also1 z usual1 !y atta9 ! l>ge/ size & ! mo/ beautiful col\r+4 ,"o ( ! be/-kn[n species 9 our own c\ntry is ,mutilla europa1 :i* is ab\t half an in* long1 ( a black col\r1 hairy1 ) ! ?orax entirely r$ 9 ! w+less females4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #be4--,mutilla ,maura 7,female74 ,?is insect frequ5ts ! ne/s ( ,humble ,bees1 & its l>v appe> to be p>asitic ^u ! l>v ( ! bees4 ,section #d4--;,het]ogyna4 ,family #ag1 ,=micid4--,to ?is family belongs ! num]\s species ( ants1 :i* are social insects1 organis$ aft] ! fa%ion ( ! bees & social wasps4 ,! numb] ( species describ$ is probably consid]ably ov] a ?\s&1 b ! total numb] mu/ be v mu* great] if ,mr4 ,bates is correct 9 8 e/imate t n less ?an #djj species inhabit ! valley ( ! ,amazon4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bf4--;,=mica ,lignip$a 7,male74 7,mag47 ,! habits ( ! ants are mo/ int]e/+1 & "o ( our greate/ liv+ naturali/s1 ,sir ,john ,lubbock1 has devot$ mu* ( 8 "t 9 elucidat+ _! economy4 ,! ne/s are almo/ always *amb]$ cavities1 holl[$ out ei!r 9 ! gr\nd1 9 walls1 & simil> situations1 or 9 dead & decay+ wood4 ,"o ( ! commone/ examples 9 our own c\ntry is ! ,g>d5 ,ant 7,=mica nigra71 :i* may be f\nd ev]y:]e 9 g>d5s mak+ its ne/ 9 ! gr\nd4 ,ano!r common species is ! pretty ,turf ,ant 7,=mica flava71 :i* g5]ally haunts commons & hea?s1 ca/+ up small hills1 :i* s]ve to ?r[ (f ! ra92 & ?is species 9 "s localities makes its ne/ "u /ones4 ,! ,wood ,ant 7,=mica lignip$a7 is ano!r famili> species4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bg4--;,=mica ,lignip$a 7,work]74 7,mag47 ,a v l>ge gr\p ( ants belong to ! section ,myrmic91 ! be/-kn[n species ( :i* are ! ,r$ ,ants1 ,myrmica rubra1 & _! allies4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bh4--,myrmica ,rubra 7,male74 7,mag47 ,a v m9ute species :i* has be5 introduc$ into ?is c\ntry1 probably f ,brazil or ! ,we/ ,indies1 is ! ,horse ,ant 7,myrmica mole/a74 ,x is a v small br[ni%-yell[ species1 :i* seems to h be5 fir/ obs]v$ 9 ,engl& 9 #ahbh4 ,x takes up its abode 9 h\ses1 frequ5tly 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! kit*5 fireplace1 & :5 x multiplies becomes su* a pe/ z to r5d] ! h\se un9habitable4 ,"s ( ! metropolitan di/ricts h be5 p>ticul>ly infe/$4 ,,tribe ,,ii4--,,entomophaga4 ,mo/ ( ! insects belong+ to ?is tribe are p>asitic on o!r insects4 ,! l>v are footless4 ,!re are sev5 families includ$ 9 ! ,entomophaga4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bi4--;,cynips ,gall ,t9ctori 7,mag47 ,family #ah1 ,cynipid4--,?is family includes mo/ ( ! gall flies4 ,! numb] ( species is v consid]able4 ,( ! great majority ! females pi]ce ) _! ovipositor ! tissues ( plants & trees1 & !re deposit _! eggs1 f :i* ! l>v are soon hat*$4 ,! irritation caus$ by ?is intrusion ( a =eign body into ! tissues produces ! galls :i* are s commonly met )4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cj4--,smicra ,sispes 7,mag47 ,! galls produc$ by diff]5t species ( flies diff] greatly 9 =m & /ructure4 ,"s ( !m are r\nd & smoo?1 l fruits1 su* z ! *]ry gall ( ! oak leaves1 produc$ by ! puncture ( ,cynips qu]cus-foli4 ,! mo/ s+ul>1 h[ev]1 ( all ! galls is p]haps ! ,b$egu>1 :i* is =m$ on ! /ems ( wild roses by ! puncture ( a small species1 ,rhodites ros4 ,family #ai1 ,*alcidid4--,to ?is family belong _m gall insects1 pr9cipally f\nd1 h[ev]1 9 =eign c\ntries4 ,! ,*alcidid include a great numb] ( small species1 few exce$+ half an in* 9 expanse4 ,_m ( ^! are s+ul> 9 %ape1 & o!rs brilliantly metallic2 b1 ow+ to _! small size1 !y h hi!rto be5 /udi$ by comp>atively few entomologi/s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ca4--,?oracamba ,furcata 7,mag47 ,family #bj1 ,proctotrypid4--,! ,proctotrypid are probably mu* less num]\s ?an ! prec$+ family1 b h be5 less /udi$1 be+ g5]ally small] & m obscure 9 _! habits2 9 fact1 "s ( !m %>e ) sev]al beetles ! reputation ( be+ ! smalle/ insects4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cb4--,proctotrypes ,rufipes 7,mag47 ,family #ba1 ,braconid4--,?is family is "o ( v great ext5t4 ,_m ( ! =eign species are r l>ge & h&some insects1 (t5 v>i$ ) black & yell[4 ,! be/ kn[n ( ! ,braconid is p]haps ,microga/] glom]atus1 a small blacki% species ) r$di%-yell[ legs1 :i* de/roys ! l>v ( ! common ,cabbage ,butt]flies1 r\nd ! dead body ( :i* its little yell[ cocoons may (t5 be obs]v$4 ,family #bb1 ,i*neumonid4--,! ,i*neumonid are r l>ge & sl5d] insects1 & are divid$ into _m sub-families4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cc4--;,bracon ,bicolor4 ,!y are a v num]\s gr\p4 ,x has be5 calculat$ t ne>ly #e1jjj species h be5 describ$1 b ! data g5]ally are v untru/wor?y4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cd4--;,joppa ,ant5nata4 ,! species ( ,trogus are r l>ge insects1 measur+ an in* or m 9 l5g?4 ,!y are black ) r$di% legs & abdom51 & ! w+s are sometimes slightly dusky at ! edges4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ce4--;,evania ,app5diga/] 7,mag47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cf4--,pelec9us ,politurator4 ,9 ano!r gr\p1 ,pimpl91 ! ovipositor is g5]ally v long4 ,! be/-kn[n species is ,rhyssa p]suasoria1 a blacki% insect1 :i* measures ab\t an in* 9 l5g?4 ,?is insect is met ) 9 fir plantations1 & uses its extraord9>y ovipositor to drill holes 9 trees infe/$ by ! l>v ( ,sirex gigas1 on :i* its own l>va is p>asitic4 ,! insect frequ5tly drives its ovipositor s firmly into ! wood ( ! tree1 t x is unable to )draw x1 & p]i%es 9 ?is position4 ,family #bc1 ,evaniid4--,"o ( ! mo/ famili> insects belong+ to ?is family is ! ,evania app5diga/]4 ,x is a small black insect1 f\nd 9 ! s\? ( ,europe1 & is p>asitic on cockroa*es4 ,an alli$ ,briti% species1 ,fnus jaculator1 is a n uncommon insect f\nd haunt+ ! burr[s ( ,crabronid1 ^u :i* x is probably p>asitic4 ,family #bd1 ,*rysidid4--,! ,ruby-tail$ ,wasps1 or ,gold5 ,wasps1 z ! ,*rysidid are popul>ly call$1 are among ! mo/ brilliant ( ! ,hym5opt]a1 mo/ ( ! species be+ ei!r ( an int5se gre51 blue1 or fi]y r$4 ,!y are small or mod]ate-siz$ insects1 :i* are f\nd on walls or fl[]s 9 ! full heat ( ! sun2 =1 z a rule1 ! mo/ brilliantly-col\r$ insects are diurnal 9 _! habits4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cg4--;,*rysis ,ignita 7,mag47 ,z f> z _! habits are kn[n1 !y deposit _! eggs 9 ! ne/s ( o!r insects1 *iefly ,hym5opt]a1 on ! l>v ( :i* _! own (fspr+ fe$4 ,! commone/ ,briti% species is ,*rysis ignita1 :i* is a v v>iable insect1 bo? z reg>ds size & col\r+4 ,,tribe ,,iii4--,,phytophaga4 ,! insects belong+ to ! ?ird tribe ( ! ,hym5opt]a are /rictly vegetable fe$]s4 ,!re are only two families4 ,family #be1 ,siricid4--,?is family includes ! insects kn[n z ,tail$ ,wasps4 ,x is n a v ext5sive family1 & its species occur *iefly 9 ,europe & ,nor? ,am]ica1 9 bo? ( :i* regions ! typical g5us ,sirex is repres5t$ by l>ge species4 ,! be/-kn[n ,european species :i* is common 9 "s p>ts ( ,brita9 is ! great ,tail$ ,wasp 7,sirex gigas71 a v =midable-look+ insect1 ( :i* ! female (t5 measures ne>ly an in* & a half 9 l5g?4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ch4--;,cimbex ,luteus4 ,! g5]al t9t is black ) ! ant5n1 ! sides ( ! ?orax & ! legs & apex ( ! abdom5 yell[4 ,?is insect lives 9 p9e & fir woods1 & ! female deposits h] eggs 9 ! woody p>ts ( ! trees1 into :i* %e bores to a dep? ( ov] half an in* by means ( h] long ovipositor4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ci4--,lophryus ,p9i 7,mag47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dj4--,pamphilius ,fau/us 7,mag47 ,ano!r species :i* occurs 9 ?is c\ntry is ! ,sirex juv5cus1 ( a /eel-blue col\r1 b small] ?an ! =m]4 ,family #bf1 ,t5?r$9id4--,?is is a v ext5sive family & conta9s ! num]\s species ( ,saw ,flies1 s call$ because _! ovipositor is 9 %ape some:at l a saw 9 appe>ance4 ,probably ! be/-kn[n species is ! ,gooseb]ry ,saw ,fly 7,nematus v5tricosus71 ^: speckl$ & gre5 l>v are s injuri\s 9 g>d5s & or*>ds4 ,?is insect is yell[i% 9 col\r1 & ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* 9 l5g?4 ,t5?r$o ?iops1 a small black species1 deposits its eggs ^u fruit trees4 ,_m o!r species live on diff]5t k9ds ( plants & trees4 ,,ord] ,,neuropt]a4 ,,includ+ ,,! ,,dragon ,,flies1 ,,lacew+ ,,flies1 ,,day ,,flies1 ,,/one ,,flies1 ,,caddis ,,flies1 ,,& ,,_! ,,allies4 ,next to ! butt]flies & mo?s1 ! ,neuropt]a 7or n]ve-w+$ insects71 to :i* belong ! ,dragon ,flies1 ,lacew+ ,flies1 ,day ,flies1 ,/one ,flies1 ,caddis ,flies1 & _! allies1 are und\bt$ly ! mo/ beautiful memb]s ( ! insect tribe4 ,?\gh !y _c compete ) ! ,lepidopt]a 9 po9t ( col\r+1 x is que/ionable :e!r !y are n m graceful & elegant 9 appe>ance4 ,! ord] ,neuropt]a 0 f\nd$ by ! great ,sw$i% naturali/ ,l9nu1 & its "n has be5 kept intact s9ce1 ?\gh ! classification ( ! insects compris$ 9 x has und]gone _m modifications4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #da4--;,ascacaphus ,mac>onius4 ,! ,neuropt]a are n a v num]\s body ( insects comp>$ ) ei!r ! ,coleopt]a or ,lepidopt]a1 b !y conta9 "s ( ! l>ge/ & mo/ h&some insects kn[n4 ,! ord] is v well repres5t$ 9 ! temp]ate zones1 ?\gh ! f9e/ species are met ) 9 ! tropical p>ts ( ! _w4 ,ne>ly #gjj species are kn[n to inhabit ! ,briti% ,isles4 ,9 ! :ole _w _! numb] may be giv5 9 r\nd figures at ab\t #d1jjj1 b !re is no d\bt t ?is numb] may be consid]ably increas$4 ,! l>ge/ & mo/ h&some species are ! ,dragon ,flies or ,ornopt]a1 "o species occurr+ 9 our own c\ntry1 measur+ fully f\r in*es 9 expanse ( ! w+s4 ,! ,lacew+ ,flies 7,hem]obiid71 ! ,day ,flies 7,ephem]id71 ! ,/one ,flies 7,p]lid71 & ! ,caddis ,flies 7,tri*opt]a71 are among ! o!r m conspicu\s memb]s ( ! gr\p4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #db4--,nemopt]a ,ext5sa4 ,! ,neuropt]a may be divid$ into ?ree great sub-divisions1 accord+ to c]ta9 well-def9$ *>act]i/ics4 ,! mod]n t5d5cy is to raise ea* ( ^! sub-divisions to ! rank ( ord]s4 ,! ,neuropt]a may be classifi$ z foll[s3-- ,sub-,ord] #a1 ,planip5nia1 or true ,neuropt]a4 ,metamorphoses complete1 l>v1 mo/ly t]re/rial4 ,sub-,ord] #b1 ,tri*opt]a1 or hairy-w+$ ,neuropt]a4 ,metamorphoses complete1 l>v aquatic4 ,w+s ( ,imago clo!d ) hairs4 ,sub-,ord] #c1 ,pseudo-,neuropt]a1 or false ,neuropt]a4 ,metamorphoses incomplete4 ,! mo/ important di/9ction betwe5 ! fir/ two gr\ps & ! ?ird is t ! =m] und]go complete metamorphoses1 :]eas 9 ! latt] ! trans=mations are incomplete or imp]fect4 ,! latt] = ?is reason are (t5 classifi$ z a sep>ate ord]4 ,! ,tri*opt]a are also plac$ by "s entomologi/s 9 a di/9ct ord]1 on acc\nt ( ! peculi>ity 9 _! w+s be+ clo!d ) hairs4 ,!y1 h[ev]1 pres5t s _m po9ts bo? 9 habits & /ructure1 analog\s ) ! true ,neuropt]a1 t we h reta9$ !m z a sub-division ( ! ,ord]4 ,,tabul> ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,pr9cipal ,,families ,,( ,,! ,,neuropt]a4 ,sub-,ord] #a4--,planip5nia4 ,family #a4 ,myrmeleontid or ,ant ,lions4 ,family #b4 ,hem]obiid or ,lacew+ ,flies4 ,family #c4 ,mantispid or ,mantis ,flies4 ,family #d4 ,sialid or ,sialis ,flies4 ,family #e4 ,raphiid or ,snake ,flies4 ,family #f4 ,panorpid or ,scorpion ,flies4 ,sub-,ord] #b4--,tri*opt]a 7or ,caddis ,flies74 ,family #a4 ,9quipalpia or ,l>ge ,caddis ,flies4 ,sub-family #a4 ,phryganeid4 ,sub-family #b4 ,limnophilid4 ,sub-family #c4 ,s]ico/omid4 ,family #b4 quipalpia or ,little ,caddis ,flies4 ,sub-family #a4 ,leptoc]id4 ,sub-family #b4 ,hydropsy*id4 ,sub-family #c4 ,rhyacophilid4 ,sub-family #d4 ,hydroptilid4 ,sub-,ord] #c4--,pseudo-,neuropt]a4 ,,tribe ,i4--,,ornopt]a 7or ,dragon ,flies74 ,family #a4 ,libellul9 or ,great ,dragon ,flies4 ,sub-family #a4 ,libellulid or ,libellul9es4 ,sub-family #b4 ,cordulid or ,cordul9es4 ,sub-family #c4 s*nid or s*n9es4 ,sub-family #d4 ,gomphid or ,gomph9es4 ,family #b4 ,agron9 or ,sl5d] ,dragon ,flies4 ,sub-family #a4 ,agronid or ,agron9es4 ,sub-family #b4 ,calopt]ygid or ,calopt]yg9es4 ,,tribe ,,ii4--,,subulicornia4 ,family #c4 ,ephem]id or ,day ,flies4 ,,tribe ,,iii4--,,plecopt]a4 ,family #d4 ,p]lid or ,/one ,flies4 ,,tribe ,,iv4--,,corrod5tia4 ,family #e4 ,psocid or ,book ,mites4 ,family #f4 ,embiid or ,agile ,mites4 ,,tribe ,v4--,,socialia4 ,family #g4 ,t]miti or ,:ite ,ants4 ,,tribe ,,vi4--,,physopoda 7or ,?rips74 ,family #h4 ,tubulif]a4 ,family #i4 ,t]ebrantia4 ,,tribe ,,vii4--,,mallophaga 7or ,bird-lice74 ,family #aj4 ,philopt]id4 ,family #aa4 ,lio!id4 ,,tribe ,,viii4--,,?ysanura 7or ,bri/le-tails74 ,family #ab4 ,lepismid4 ,family #ac4 ,campodeid4 ,family #ad4 ,japygid4 ,,tribe ,,ix4--,,collembola 7or ,spr+-tails74 ,family #ae4 ,smyn?urid4 ,family #af4 ,papyriid4 ,family #ag4 ,dege]iad4 ,family #ah4 ,podurid4 ,family #ai4 ,am\rid4 ,,sub-,,ord] #a4--,,planip5nia4 ,! ,planip5nia conta9s ! mo/ typical =ms ( ! ,neuropt]a4 ,?is sub-ord] is subdivid$ into six families1 f\r only ( :i* conta9 repres5tatives 9 ! ,briti% ,isles4 ,!y are mo/ abundant 9 ! tropical p>ts ( ! _w1 :]e also ! mo/ h&some & curi\s =ms occur4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dc4--,myrmeleon ,=mic>ius4 ,family #a1 ,myrmeleontid4--,! ,ant ,lions are ! mo/ famili> & important memb]s ( ?is family4 ,! common ,ant ,lion 7,myrmeleon europu71 :i* is abundant 9 s&y places 9 ! s\? ( ,europe1 is a sl5d] & elegant creature1 ) l>ge f9ely reticulat$ r+s4 ,! l>va1 to :i* ! "n ( ,ant ,lion prop]ly belongs1 is ( a /\t =m & a greyi%-yell[ col\r1 cov]$ ) w>ty processes & ) hairs4 ,its food consi/s ( ants & o!r small insects1 :i* x captures by a s+ul>ly +5i\s arrangem5t1 namely1 by means ( a funnel-%ap$ pitfall :i* x con/ructs 9 ! s&1 & at ! bottom ( :i* x lies4 ,:5 any un=tunate insect v5tures too ne>1 ! ,ant ,lion s5ds up a %[] ( s&1 & ! victim 9 its con/]nation falls d[n ! pit1 :]e x is spe$ily seiz$ & dev\r$4 ,o!r species ( ant lions are kn[n to occur on ! cont95t ( ,europe1 b none hi!rto h be5 discov]$ to inhabit ?is c\ntry4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dd4--,myrmeleon ,l>va4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #de4--,nemopt]a ,coa4 ,family #b1 ,hem]obiid4--,! second sub-family conta9s ! ,lacew+ ,flies1 _m repres5tatives ( :i* occur 9 ! ,briti% ,isles4 ,!y are among ! mo/ elegant & beautiful ( ! ,neuropt]a4 ,! ,gold5-ey$ ,fly 7,*rysopa vulg>is7 is a v abundant & well-kn[n example1 b not)/&+ its great beauty x is capable ( emitt+ a v disagreeable od\r :5 h&l$4 ,?is is a delicate gre5 insect ) a body half an in* long1 & :i* may be se5 almo/ ev]y:]e on w>m summ] ev5+s1 fly+ sl[ly ab\t f tree to tree4 ,! eggs1 :i* are little r\nd or oval bodies l small pe>ls1 are deposit$ by ! female 9 gr\ps ^u ! leaves ( plants & trees4 ,! l>va :5 fullf$ is ab\t half an in* 9 l5g?4 ,! food consi/s ( plant lice & aphides1 & x is ?us a v b5eficial creature1 & %\ld be enc\rag$ by e g>d5]4 ,! pupa ( ?is insect is enclos$ 9 a cocoon4 ,betwe5 ?irty & =ty species ( lacew+ flies are kn[n to occur 9 our own c\ntry4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #df4--;,*rysopa ,septempunctata4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dg4--,mantis ,pagana4 ,family #c1 ,mantispid4--,?is family conta9s only "o g5us--viz41 ,mantispa1 or ! ,mantis ,flies4 ,a s+le species1 ,mantispa pagana1 is common 9 s\!rn ,europe1 b does n occur 9 ! ,briti% ,isles4 ,family #d1 ,sialid4--,9 ! f\r? family ( ! ,planip5nia ! l>v are aquatic 9 _! habits ) v few exceptions4 ,! pupa is n enclos$ 9 a cocoon z x is 9 ! ,hem]obiid4 ,! s+le common ,briti% species 7,sialis lut>ia7 is a blacki%-br[n insect1 r m ?an half an in* 9 l5g?4 ,x is well kn[n to angl]s1 & may be f\nd abundantly 9 ! spr+ & e>ly "p ( ! summ] ^u walls & pal+s 9 ! neighb\rhood ( wat]1 & ^u ! /ems & leaves ( grasses & o!r plants gr[+ 9 ! wat] or ^u its bank4 ,9 repose ! w+s ( ?is insect1 z 9 ! ,hem]olicid1 are laid ov] ! back4 ,!y are sluggi% creatures1 & d n readily take to flight4 ,family #e1 ,raphiid4--,?is family conta9s ! curi\s gr\p ( insects call$ ,snake ,flies or ,camel ,flies1 :i* are includ$ by "s entomologi/s 9 ! previ\s family4 ,!y h *>act]i/ics1 h[ev]1 :i* entitle !m to be plac$ ap>t4 ,!y h a r l>ge head1 :i* is atta*$ to a greatly elongat$ pro?orax by a ?9ni% neck1 s t ! head has consid]able fre$om ( motion4 ,! species are n num]\s1 f\r k9ds only occurr+ 9 ,brita94 ,! l>v reside "u ! b>k ( trees1 :]e !y fe$ ^u m9ute insects4 ,! commone/ species is probably ,raphidia megacephala4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dh4--,raphidia ,ophiopsis 7,mag47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #di4--,panorpa ,communis4 ,family #f1 ,panorpid4--,! ,panorpid1 or ,scorpion ,flies1 are v curi\s creatures1 *>act]is$ above all ?+s by ! p]p5dicul>ly plac$ & greatly elongat$ head4 ,! l>v1 s f> z !y are kn[n1 live 9 ! e>?1 & are l cat]pill>s 9 _! g5]al =m4 ,five species occur 9 ?is c\ntry1 ! be/ kn[n be+ ,panorpa communis1 :i* may be met ) almo/ ev]y:]e ab\t h$ge banks & 9 lanes4 ,x is ab\t half an in* long4 ,! w+s are transp>5t1 ) d>k br[n spots1 :i* are m or less conflu5t4 ,ano!r species1 ,boreus hiemalis1 :i* possesses no w+s1 is f\nd on ! gr\nd among leaves 9 ! w9t] "t4 ,x does n exce$ "o-six? ( an in* 9 l5g?1 & is ( a metallic-gre5 col\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ej4--;,bittacus ,tipul>ius4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ea4--;,boreus ,hiemalis 7,mag47 ,,sub-,,ord] #b4--,,tri*opt]a4 ,! memb]s ( ?is gr\p are ! insects commonly kn[n z ,caddis ,flies1 & !y are (t5 rank$ z a sep>ate ord] by entomological writ]s4 ,ne>ly #fjj species ( ,tri*opt]a occur 9 ,europe1 ( :i* ab\t half ! numb] are indig5\s to ! ,briti% ,isles4 ,! l>v are aquatic1 & :5 full-gr[n prep>e = !mselves curi\s dwell+s compos$ ( /icks1 /ones1 & o!r mat]ials :]e9 to pass ! pupa /ate4 ,!y may be se5 almo/ ev]y:]e :]e !re is wat]4 ,! caddis flies may be divid$ into two families1 ?\gh ! di/+ui%+ m>ks are s m9ute t !y really ought to be classifi$ z "o family only4 ,to ,mr4 ,mc,lachlan we owe _m ?anks = 8 rese>*es 9 ?is gr\p ( insects4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eb4--;,hydropsy*e ,montana4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ec4--,m>ronema ,rubig9osa4 ,family #a1 ,9guipalpia4--,?is family includes ! l>ge/ species ( ! tribe1 & are pr9cipally f\nd 9 nor!rn regions4 ,"o ( our l>ge/ ,briti% species is ,phryganea gr&is1 :i* measures f\r-fif?s ( an in* 9 l5g?1 & ov] two in*es 9 expanse ( ! w+4 ,x is an abundant insect1 ( a br[n col\r1 ) yell[ r+s on its ant5n1 & ! ant]ior w+s are a%-col\r$1 clo!d ) br[n4 ,! l>v ( ?is gr\p = ! mo/ "p inhabit quiet wat]s1 ponds1 canals1 etc4 ,?is family is subdivid$ into ?ree sub-families1 viz41 ,phryganeid1 ,limnophilid1 ,s]ico/omid4 ,family #b1 guipalpia4--,?is family con/itutes a second gr\p1 & also conta9s _m species1 _m ( !m1 h[ev]1 be+ v m9ute insects1 "s h>dly "o-eigh? ( an in* across ! w+s4 ,!y make little cases ( silk resembl+ se$s1 to ! out] surface ( :i* !y atta* gra9s ( s&1 etc4 ,! guipalpia conta9s f\r sub-families--viz41 ,leptoc]id1 ,hydropsy*id1 ,rhyacophilid1 & ,hydroptilid4 ,( ! ,leptoc]id1 ,molanna augu/ata may be tak5 z a typical example1 ! l>va ( :i* lives on ! s&y bottom ( pools1 & is v difficult to detect4 ,,sub-,,ord] #c4--,,pseudo-,,neuropt]a4 ,9 ! ?ird sub-ord] ( ! ,neuropt]a are gr\p$ toge!r a s]ies ( insects :i* pres5t great div]g5ces ( "*1 & really d n belong to ! true ,neuropt]a on acc\nt ( _! incomplete metamorphoses4 ,!y1 h[ev]1 = ! mo/ "p1 resemble ! ,neuropt]a 9 ! /ructure ( _! w+s4 ,!y are divid$ into sev]al tribes & _m families4 ,,tribe ,i4--,,ornopt]a ,,or ,,dragon ,,flies4 ,to ?is tribe belong ! ,dragon ,flies1 ! l>ge/ & mo/ beautiful memb]s ( ! :ole ord]4 ,ab\t #a1ejj species h be5 describ$ f v>i\s p>ts ( ! _w1 & ( ^! ab\t fifty are kn[n to inhabit our own c\ntry4 ,_! habits are v mu* alike4 ,! insect passes all ! e>li] /ages ( its exi/5ce 9 wat]4 ,! l>v are mo/ voraci\s creatures1 & are und\bt$ly ! mo/ pr$ace\s ( insects4 ,! app>atus by :i* !y capture _! prey consi/s ( a peculi> modification ( ! labium4 ,:5 full gr[n ! l>v crawl up ! /em ( "s aquatic plant out ( ! wat]1 & aft] re/+ !re = a long] or %ort] "t ! sk9 splits op5 along ! ?oracic region1 & ! p]fect insect by degrees /ruggles out ( its inve/m5t1 & :5 ! w+s are dri$ x />ts (f to cont9ue ! same sc5e ( rap9e :i* has *>act]is$ its subt]ranean exi/5ce4 ,! p]fect insect may be se5 hawk+ ab\t = insects 9 ! neighb\rhood ( pools 9 all f9e wea!r dur+ ! summ] & autumn mon?s4 ,9 dull wea!r1 h[ev]1 !y usually rema9 at re/ on ! leaves ( plants & trees1 etc4 ,! eyes ( ,dragon ,flies are mo/ beautiful objects :5 view$ "u ! microscope2 !y are compos$ ( a great numb] ( facets or l5ses4 ,9 "o species ( ,dragon ,fly z _m z #aj1jjj ( ^! facets h be5 c\nt$ 9 ea* ( its eyes4 ,besides ^! comp\nd eyes mo/ dragon flies h additional eyes1 call$ ,ocelli1 :i* are situat$ on ! top ( ! head2 !y are1 h[ev]1 q simple4 ,x is commonly ?\ght by p]sons :o are n naturali/s t dragon flies /+2 su* an errone\s idea we take ! opportunity to correct4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ed4--,libellula ,depressa4 ,! ,ornopt]a are divid$ into two pr9cipal families4 ,family #a1 ,libellul94--,to ?is family belong all ! great dragon flies1 mo/ly ?ick-bodi$ insects4 ,x is subdivid$ into f\r sub-families4 ,to ! fir/ sub-family1 ! ,libellulid1 _m common & famili> dragon flies belong4 ,! be/ kn[n is :at is vulg>ly call$ ! ,horse-/+] 7,libellula depressa71 an insect ab\t two in*es long1 ) a r depress$ abdom51 :i* is yell[i%-br[n1 ) yell[ spots on ! sides 9 ! female1 & coat$ ) a beautiful violet-blue p[d] 9 ! male4 ,x may be se5 almo/ ev]y:]e1 hawk+ = flies ab\t riv]s & ponds1 dur+ w>m wea!r4 ,! second sub-family1 ! ,cordulid1 conta9s f\r ,briti% species1 ( :i* ! beautiful ,cordulia metallica is ! typical example4 ,! s*nid conta9 "s ( ! l>ge/ memb]s f\nd4 ,! great dragon fly 7s*na gr&is7 is "o ( ^!4 ,x is ne>ly ?ree in*es long & f\r in*es 9 expanse ( ! w+s1 & is ( a light ru/y-br[n col\r ) a few pale m>k+s4 ,( ! ,gomphid only f\r species inhabit our own c\ntry4 ,gomphus vulgatissimus is a black insect1 ne>ly two in*es long1 ) yell[ b&s on ! ?orax1 & a l9e ( ! same col\r along ! back ( ! abdom54 ,family #b1 ,agron94--,?is family conta9s a numb] ( sl5d]-bodi$ insects4 ,!re are two sub-families4 ,! ,agrionid are a v num]\s gr\p4 ,! typical =m1 ,agrion puella1 :i* is a beautiful1 sl5d] creature1 measures ab\t two or two & a half in*es 9 expanse ( ! w+s4 ,! abdom5 ( ! male is b&$ ) azure blue1 t ( ! female be+ brassy-black4 ,! ,calopt]ygid conta9 only two ,briti% species--viz41 ,calopt]yx virgo & ,c4 spl5d5s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ee4--;,calopt]yx ,virgo 7,male74 ,,tribe ,,ii4--,,subulicornia4 ,! second tribe ( ! ,pseudo-neuropt]a conta9s a gr\p ( insects :i* are s simil> to "o ano!r 9 =m t !y are all includ$ 9 "o family4 ,family #c1 ,ephem]id4--,! ,ephem]id1 or ,day ,flies1 z !y are popul>ly call$1 are delicate1 elongat$1 s(t-bodi$ creatures1 ) a mod]ately small head4 ,! ant5n1 :i* spr+ f ! =ehead bel[ ! ocelli1 are %ort & awl-%ap$4 ,^! insects1 :i* seem to be f\nd mo/ly 9 temp]ate climates1 are rem>kable = ! great delicacy ( _! /ructure1 & = ! extreme %ortness ( _! lives 9 ! p]fect /ate1 :i* seems 9 g5]al sc>cely to exce$ a day4 ,ne>ly fifty species ( ,ephem]id occur 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! be/ kn[n is ,ephem]a vulgata1 ( :i* ! sub-imago is call$ ! gre5 drake1 & ! imago ! grey drake by angl]s4 ,! two-w+$ ,clen dipt]a1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is a mu* small] species ?an ! =ego+1 is also v abundant4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ef4--;,calopt]yx ,virgo 7,female74 ,,tribe ,,iii4--,,plecopt]a4 ,! ,plecopt]a conta9 only "o family4 ,family #d1 ,p]lid4--,! ,p]lid1 or ,/one ,flies1 are *iefly inhabitants ( ! temp]ate regions2 !y are ( small size1 & n v num]\s 9 species1 ab\t ?irty be+ indig5\s to ! ,briti% ,isles4 ,! l>v1 :i* are aquatic 9 _! habits1 closely resemble ! p]fect insect 9 =m4 ,_! food consi/s ( o!r insects & !y prey especially ^u ! l>v ( ! ,day ,flies4 ,! p]fect insects are usually f\nd re/+ quietly on plants & o!r objects on ! banks ( /reams4 ,! l>ge br[n species1 ,p]la bicaudata1 appe>s 9 ! spr+1 & is v common 9 ! neighb\rhood ( pools1 /reams1 & canals4 ,,tribe ,,iv4--,,corrod5tia4 ,?is tribe conta9s two families1 "o ( :i* is repres5t$ 9 ! ,briti% ,isles4 ,family #e1 ,psocid4--,?is is a family ( small insects ) simple ve9$ w+s4 ,!y h a r l>ge head1 & be> a pair ( long tap]+ ant5n4 ,!y are f\nd ^u trunks ( trees1 old pal+s1 walls1 etc4 ,!y are v active 9 _! movem5ts1 & g5]ally appe> 9 ! imago /ate ab\t ! end ( summ] or beg9n+ ( autumn4 ,atropos pulsatorius is "o ( ^!4 ,x lives 9 books & among old damp pap]s1 :5ce x is (t5 call$ ! ,book ,l\se4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eg4--,p]la ,bicaudata4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eh4--,psocus ,bipunctatus4 ,!y are also v de/ructive to collections ( pres]v$ insects & plants4 ,ab\t ?irty species occur 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,family #f1 ,embiid4--,?is family conta9s no repres5tative 9 ! ,briti% ,isles1 & consi/s ( a small numb] ( almo/ exclusively exotic species4 ,two species1 h[ev]1 inhabit ! cont95t ( ,europe1 "o ( :i*1 ,embia ,soli]i1 occurs 9 ! s\? ( ,france on ! ,m$it]ranean littoral4 ,^! insects are v closely alli$ to ! ,psocid 9 _! habits4 ,,tribe ,v4--,,socialia4 ,! ,socialia conta9s a v peculi> gr\p ( insects closely alli$ to ! cockroa*es 9 ! ,or?opt]a4 ,!y may be consid]$ a connect+ l9k betwe5 t ord] & ! ,neuropt]a4 ,!re is only "o family4 ,family #g1 ,t]miti4--,! ,t]miti1 or ,:ite ,ants1 are almo/ exclusively inhabitants ( tropical climates1 & are unrepres5t$ 9 our own c\ntry4 ,!y are a v rem>kable family ( insects4 ,!y build mo/ complicat$ dwell+s1 consi/+ ( innum]able gall]ies & *amb]s1 & !y are s int]e/+ 9 _! habits t e travell] :o has se5 any?+ ( !m has always a great deal to relate conc]n+ !m4 ,"o species1 ,t]mes lucifugus1 inhabits ! s\? ( ,france1 & is v well kn[n on acc\nt ( ! mis*ief :i* x sometimes causes4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ei4--,t]mes ,bellicosus 7,male74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fj4--,t]mes ,bellicosus 7,soldi]74 ,,tribe ,,vi4--,,physopoda1 ,,or ,,?rips4 ,?is tribe ( insects1 to :i* ! "n ,?ysanopt]a is sometimes appli$1 conta9s _m curi\s =ms4 ,!re are two pr9cipal gr\ps ( ^! insects--namely1 ! ,tub]lif]a & ! ,t]ebrantia4 ,!y are g5]ally kn[n to g>d5]s by ! "n ( ,?rips4 ,"s ( !m occasionally prove injuri\s to cultivat$ plants4 ,?is is especially ! case ) ! ,corn ,?rips 7,?rips c]ealium71 :i* g5]ally attacks ! e>s ( corn1 &1 :5 num]\s1 is v mis*iev\s4 ,,tribe ,,vii4--,,mallophaga ,,or ,,bird ,,lice4 ,^! insects1 :i* are kn[n z ,bird ,lice1 7 =m]ly plac$ among ! true lice1 b !y diff] 9 ! possession ( bit+ m\?s1 & 9 ! diet to :i* su* a /ructure adapts !m4 ,a great numb] ( ^! curi\s little insects h be5 record$1 & !y inhabit all p>ts ( ! _w4 ,!y live among ! fea!rs ( birds & ! hairs ( mammalia4 ,almo/ e animal & bird is subject to ^! p>asites4 ,! common f[l1 duck1 goose1 game birds ( all k9ds1 & pigeons1 are v commonly infe/$ by !m1 z are also ! dog1 ! cat1 ! %eep1 & ! gu9ea-pig4 ,! two pr9cipal families ( ! ,mallophaga are ! ,philopt]id & ! ,lio!id4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fa4--,lipeurus ,diom$e 7,mag47 ,,tribe ,,viii4--,,?ysanura ,,or ,,bri/le ,,tails4 ,! =ms compos$ 9 ?is tribe ( insects are reckon$ at pres5t to be ! ne>e/ resemblance to ! !oretical prog5itors ( ! insects2 9 fact1 ,sir ,john ,lubbock h9ts t !y might well be reg>d$ n z insects at all1 b r z ! surviv+ repres5tatives ( a gr\p =m$ by ! ance/ors ( ! :ole multitude ( insect types4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fb4--,lepisma ,sac*>9a 7,mag47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fc4--,or*esella ,rufesc5s 7,mag47 ,! food ( ^! creatures consi/s ( decay$ vegetable matt]4 ,?ree pr9cipal families may be recognis$--viz41 ,lepesmid1 ,campodeid1 & ,japygid4 ,,tribe ,,ix4--,,collembola ,,or ,,spr+ ,,tails4 ,^! insects closely resemble ! previ\s tribe 9 g5]al "*1 to :i* also ! same rem>ks ne>ly apply4 ,!y are g5]ally small insects1 a l5g? ( a qu>t] ( an in* be+ consid]ably above ! av]age4 ,!y are f\nd commonly 9 loose e>?1 "u decay+ leaves 9 woods1 9 moss1 "u ! b>k ( dead trees1 & 9 rott5 /umps4 ,!y always pref] damp situations4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fd4--;,isotoma ,g]vaisi 7,mag47 ,cold seems to h b little effect ^u !m2 !y w recov] _! activity aft] be+ froz54 ,"o species1 ,desoria glacialis1 is f\nd enjoy+ itself ^u ! ,swiss glaci]s1 & ano!r1 ,dege]ia nivalis1 occurs ^u ! surface ( sn[ 9 _m p>ts ( ,europe4 ,"s species also may be met ) hopp+ ab\t ^u ! surface ( /&+ wat]4 ,podura aquatica1 a m9ute blue-black species1 is common 9 su* situations 9 ,engl&4 ,! five pr9cipal families are ! ,smyn?urid1 ,papyriid1 ,dege]iad1 ,podurid1 & ! ,am\rid4 ,,ord] ,,or?opt]a4 ,,includ+ ,,! ,,gras%opp]s1 ,,locu/s1 ,,crickets1 ,,cockroa*es1 ,,e>wigs1 ,,& ,,_! ,,allies4 ,! ,or?opt]a include all ^? =ms ( insects :i* h f\r w+s1 ! ant]ior pair be+ ( a lea!ry nature4 ,!y are m&ibulate2 t is1 _! m\?s are =m$ = bit+1 & !y und]go an imp]fect metamorphosis4 ,! insects compris$ 9 ?is ord] are extremely num]\s & de/ructive 9 ! tropical p>ts ( ! _w 7,kirby gives _! numb] z ab\t #g1jjj71 b !y are only repres5t$ 9 ! ,briti% ,isles by ab\t sixty species1 few ( :i* are really abundant4 ,!y include ! cockroa*es1 crickets1 gras%opp]s1 locu/s1 e>wigs1 etc4 ,all ^! insects may be divid$ into ?ree sub-divisions or tribes--namely1 ! ,runn]s or ,cursoria1 ! ,leap]s or ,saltatoria1 & ! ,e>wigs or ,euplexopt]a4 ,! foll[+ table w %[ at a glance ! outl9es ( ! propos$ arrangem5t3-- ,tribe ,i41 ,cursoria4--,h9d w+s ) ve9s radiat+ f ! base4 ,h9d legs =m$ = runn+4 ,tribe ,,ii41 ,saltatoria4--,h9d w+s ) ve9s radiat+ f base4 ,h9d legs =m$ = leap+4 ,tribe ,,iii41 ,euplexopt]a4--,h9d w+s ) ve9s radiat+ f ! apex ( a horny piece occupy+ ! base ( ! ant]ior m>g94 ,! ,euplexopt]a1 or ,e>wigs1 are reg>d$ by "s au?ors z a sep>ate ord]4 ,!y are ?us treat$ by ,we/wood 9 8 ,introduction to ! ,mod]n ,classification ( ,insects1 b ! mod]n t5d5cy is to rev]t to ! ,l9nan sy/em1 & reta9 !m among ! ,or?opt]a4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fe4--,phasgonura ,viridissima4 ,,tabul> ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,pr9cipal ,,families ,,( ,,! ,,or?opt]a4 ,,tribe ,i4--,,cursoria4 ,family #a4 ,blattid or ,cockroa*es4 ,family #b4 ,mantid or ,pray+ ,insects4 ,family #c4 ,phasmid or ,/ick & ,leaf ,insects4 ,,tribe ,,ii4--,,saltatoria4 ,family #d4 ,a*etid or ,crickets4 ,family #e4 ,gryllid or ,false ,locu/s4 ,family #f4 ,locu/id or ,true ,locu/s & ,gras%opp]s4 ,,tribe ,,iii4--,,euplexopt]a4 ,family #g4 ,=ficulid or ,e>wigs4 ,we w n[ proce$ to describe ea* ( ^! families 9 turn4 ,,tribe ,i4--,,cursoria4 ,! insects con/itut+ ?is gr\p are di/+ui%$ by hav+ _! h9d legs adapt$ = walk+ or runn+4 ,!y are subdivid$ into ?ree families4 ,family #a1 ,blattid4--,?is family includes ! num]\s species ( cockroa*es1 or black bats z !y are (t5 call$ by un$ucat$ p]sons4 ,!y are repres5t$ 9 all p>ts ( ! _w1 b are mo/ abundant )9 ! tropics1 & especially 9 c5tral & s\!rn ,am]ica1 :]e also ! l>ge/ & f9e/ species are to be f\nd4 ,_m curi\s =ms are also to be met ) 9 ,india & diff]5t p>ts ( ,africa4 ,!y are v active creatures1 & run ) consid]able rapidity1 b _! activity is *iefly nocturnal1 & dur+ ! day !y g5]ally rema9 quietly conceal$ 9 "s obscure retreat4 ,_! diet consi/s ( bo? vegetable & animal matt]1 & (fal ( e description4 ,!y are mo/ useful 9 hot climates1 act+ ! "p ( scav5g]s1 & by ^! means prev5t+ ! outbreak ( mal>ia & o!r pe/il5tial diseases4 ,! be/-kn[n species 9 ?is c\ntry is ! common ,cockroa* 7,blatta ori5talis71 :i*1 by-!-bye1 is n a native ( ,europe1 hav+ be5 introduc$ f ! ,ea/ sev]al c5turies ago1 & to h made its home "h4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ff4--;,blatta ,ori5talis4 ,o!r species besides ?is are met ) occasionally 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 hav+ be5 introduc$ 9 l mann] at diff]5t times f =eign p>ts4 ,! ,giant ,cockroa* 7,blab]us giganteus7 is "o ( ^!4 ,its native home is ,s\? ,am]ica & ! ,we/ ,indies1 & 9 ! latt] place x is commonly call$ ! drumm]4 ,x measures ne>ly ?ree in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! ,zoological ,g>d5s 9 ,london is a fav\rite resort ( ?is species4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fg4--;,blab]us ,giganteus4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fh4--;,corydia ,petiv]iana4 ,family #b1 ,mantid4--,! ,mantid may be at once di/+ui%$ f ! insects compris+ ! o!r two families ( ! ,cursoria by ! /ructure ( ! =elegs1 :i* are conv]t$ into p[]ful raptoral organs4 ,! body ( ^! insects is m or less elongat$1 & ! head1 :i* is triangul> or he>t-%ap$1 is atta*$ to ! ?orax by a di/9ct neck4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fi4--;,bleph>is ,m5dica4 ,! ,mantid1 or ,pray+ ,insects1 are celebrat$ = _! habit ( re/+ on _! f\r h9d legs1 & ) _! front legs rais$ 9 ! air1 9 :at 0 =m]ly suppos$ to be an attitude ( devotion1 b really 9 an obs]vant attitude1 & on ! al]t = _! prey4 ,none ( ^! insects are met ) 9 ! ,briti% ,isles1 b sev]al species are r abundant 9 ! s\? ( ,france4 ,two species1 ,mantis paup]ata & ,mantis religosa1 measure ab\t two or two & a half in*es 9 l5g?4 ,a ?ird species1 ,mantis oratoria1 is also common b some:at small] 9 size4 ,family #c1 ,phasmid4--,^! insects v mu* resemble ! ,mantid 9 g5]al appe>ance1 to :i* also !y are v closely alli$4 ,!y are among ! mo/ peculi> insects 9 exi/5ce4 ,_! appe>ance is comical 9 ! extreme4 ,_m ( !m resemble /icks1 ei!r gre5 gr[+ trees or br[n & )]$ bran*es1 & h5ce ! "n ( /ick insects commonly appli$ to !m is v appropriate4 ,on acc\nt ( _! skeleton-l =ms !y h also be5 lik5$ to gho/s & spectres4 ,"s few species mimic leaves ( trees & v>i\s plants1 & ^! are (t5 call$ leaf insects4 ,! numb] ( species ( ?is family is n v l>ge1 & by f> ! great] "p ( ^! are inhabitants ( ! w>m] regions ( ! e>?1 & !y seem to increase 9 size1 especially ! ne>] _! home lies to ! ,equator4 ,among ! m int]e/+ species we may m5tion ,cyphocrania semirubra f ,brazil1 ) %ort gre5i% elytra & p9k w+s4 ,bacillus rosii is a br[n1 w+less =m f\nd 9 ,italy & ! s\? ( ,france4 ,"s ( ! tropical species are among ! l>ge/ insects kn[n4 ,a w+$ ,au/ralian species atta9s ! l5g? ( t5 in*es4 ,lopaphus cocophagus is a common species 9 ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s1 & sometimes commits great ravages 9 ! plantations ( cocoa-nut trees4 ,:5 ?is insect is al>m$ x squirts out a highly acrid fluid1 :i* causes great pa91 & sometimes bl9dness if x rea*es ! eye4 ,we may rem>k t no species ( ,phasmid are kn[n to inhabit ! ,briti% ,isles4 ,,tribe ,,ii4--,,saltatoria4 ,! pr9cipal "* ( ! insects belong+ to ?is tribe consi/s 9 ! adaptation ( ! h9d legs to ! purpose ( leap+4 ,! males ( mo/ ( ! species possess ! faculty ( produc+ l\d *irp+ s\nds1 b ! means by :i* ?is is effect$ v>y 9 ! diff]5t families4 ,family #d1 ,a*etid4--,! mo/ famili> ,briti% insect belong+ to ?is family is ! common ,h\se ,cricket 7,a*eta dome/ica74 ,liv+1 z x does1 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! fire1 x seems to be totally indep5d5t ( ! *anges ( ! seasons1 & may usually be f\nd ( all ages at all p]iods ( ! ye>4 ,crickets are p>ticul>ly abundant 9 bakeh\ses1 be+ extremely p>tial to w>m?4 ,! *irp+ noise :i* !y produce at night-"t is sometimes almo/ deaf5+1 & x is really surpris+ f :at a v long di/ance ! s\nd may be he>d4 ,_! food consi/s ( bread crumbs & scraps ( meat & vegetables :i* h be5 all[$ to accumulate dur+ ! daytime4 ,! be/ way1 !re=e1 to get rid ( ! insects is to take prop] c>e 9 cle>+ away all ! refuse aft] meals1 = if ?is 7 n !re ! crickets c\ld n subsi/1 & w\ld soon quit ! h\se4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 g5]ally object$ to only by weak-n]v$ p1 & d v little h>m1 if any :atev]4 ,x is a "q :e!r !y are n v useful 9 act+ z scav5g]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gj4--;,hetrodes ,pupa4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ga4--;,gryllotalpa ,vulg>is4 ,a ne>ly alli$ ,briti% species is ! ,field ,cricket 7,a*eta campe/ris71 :i* is r l>g] ?an ! h\se cricket4 ,x is comp>atively r>e & local 9 ?is c\ntry1 b ab\nds ev]y:]e on ! ,cont95t4 ,a ?ird ,briti% species is ! ,wood ,cricket 7,nemolicus sylve/ris71 :i* is consid]ably r>] ?an ei!r ( ! prec$+4 ,x is f\nd abundantly among dead leaves 9 woods 9 ,france & o!r p>ts ( ! ,cont95t1 b is v r>ely f\nd 9 ,engl&4 ,! ,mole ,cricket 7,gryllotalpa vulg>is7 is p]haps ! mo/ int]e/+ memb] ( ! family4 ,x is a l>ge1 robu/ insect1 ab\t an in* & a half 9 l5g? & ( a v d>k br[n col\r4 ,x is rem>kable = ! peculi> %ape ( its front legs1 :i* exactly resemble ^? ( ! mole4 ,x burr[s 9 loose soil1 &1 l ! mole1 x passes along close b5ea? ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 & (t5 raises a small ridge z x advances4 ,x frequ5ts g>d5s1 especially ne> ! banks ( canals1 & is also fond ( damp mead[s & o!r localities 9 ! vic9ity ( wat]4 ,! eggs to ! numb] ( #bjj or #cjj1 are deposit$ 9 a *amb] ( consid]able dim5sions1 & enclos$ 9 a sort ( cocoon-l envelope4 ,! l>v :5 fir/ hat*$ are :ite1 & are said to be ?ree ye>s 9 arriv+ at a /ate ( maturity4 ,! mole cricket is f\nd *iefly 9 ! s\? ( ,engl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gb4--;can?us ,pelluc5s4 ,family #e1 ,gryllid4--,! mo/ conspicu\s insect belong+ to ?is family 9 ,brita9 is kn[n z ! great ,gre5 ,gras%opp] 7,phasgonura viridissima71 :i* measures ne>ly f\r in*es 9 expanse ( ! w+1 & is !re=e ne>ly z l>ge z ! migratory locu/ :i* sometimes visits u4 ,! great gre5 gras%opp] is n1 h[ev]1 a v common insect 9 ?is c\ntry1 be+ pr9cipally conf9$ to ! s\? ( ! isl&4 ,ano!r ,european & ,briti% species1 ,decticus v]rucivorus1 is ( ab\t ! same l5g?4 ,x receives its "n f ! cu/om prevail+ among ! ,sw$i% peasants ( mak+ x bite _! w>ts4 ,?is insect1 9 common ) _m o!rs ( ! same family1 :5 at all r\ghly h&l$1 emits f ! m\? a br[ni% fluid1 :i* is said to possess acrid qualities1 & ! introduction ( ?is into ! w>ts is suppos$ to cause _! disappe>ance4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gc4--,truxalis ,nasuta4 ,family #f1 ,locu/id4--,?is family1 :i* includes ! gras%opp]s & true locu/s1 is easily di/+ui%$ f bo? ! prec$+ families by ! "* ( ! ant5n1 :i* are comp>atively %ort4 ,! common ,engli% ,gras%opp] 7,rhammatoc]us biguttulus71 ^: song mu/ be famili> to e "o :o has walk$ ?r\gh ! fields dur+ ! summ] "t1 is produc$ by ! friction ( ! h9d] ?ighs aga9/ ! w+-cases4 ,! locu/s h be5 celebrat$ f ! dawn ( hi/ory on acc\nt ( ! t]rible ravages :i* !y h committ$ 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! _w2 & al?\gh _m diff]5t species h made _! appe>ance 9 our own c\ntry at v>i\s times1 ! climate1 =tunately1 seems unsuitable = !m to live 91 & !y h1 !re=e1 n be5 kn[n to bre$ "h4 ,! ,migratory ,locu/ 7dipoda migratoria7 is p]haps ! be/ kn[n 9 ?is c\ntry on acc\nt ( its visits1 _m /ray individuals ( :i* h visit$ u at diff]5t p]iods4 ,locu/s are kn[n all ! _w ov]1 9 fact1 ne>ly e c\ntry has a species peculi> to itself4 ,! mo/ extraord9>y acc\nts are on record ( ! va/ness ( ! sw>ms :i* e n[ & aga9 invade p>ticul> di/ricts4 ,!y are said sometimes to absolutely d>k5 ! sun4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gd4--;,decticus ,v]rucivorus4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ge4--,locu/a ,p]egr9a4 ,!y cle> (f ev]y?+ f ! surface ( ! gr\nd z completely z if ! place _h be5 visit$ by fire4 ,9 _m ea/]n c\ntries locu/s are reli%$ z articles ( food4 ,! di/9ctive "* ( ! insects compris$ 9 ?is gr\p is f\nd 9 ! /ructure ( ! w+s4 ,! ant]ior pair are ( a horny or lea!ry consi/5ce1 b always mu* %ort] ?an ! abdom54 ,! h9d w+s1 on ! contr>y1 are ( l>ge size1 & are compos$ ( a v delicate membrane4 ,!re is only "o family4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gf4--;,calopt5us ,italicus4 ,,tribe ,,iii4--,,euplexopt]a4 ,family #g1 ,=ficulid4--,! insects ( ?is family pres5t a great uni=mity ( /ructure4 ,!y are1 = ! mo/ "p1 ( nocturnal habits1 conceal+ !mselves dur+ ! day 9 crevices "u ! b>k ( trees1 or 9 ! gr\nd "u /ones & leaves1 etc4 ,_! food consi/s almo/ exclusively ( vegetable sub/ances1 & are sometimes v injuri\s to fl[]s & fruit4 ,x has be5 said1 h[ev]1 t !y also fe$ l>gely on plant lice or aphides1 :i*1 if true1 give !m a v r$eem+ quality4 ,! female e>wig deposits h] eggs "u a /one 9 "s cavity 9 ! gr\nd (t5 dug out by h] own lab\r4 ,unlike mo/ o!r insects1 ! female does n p]i% z soon z %e has laid h] eggs1 b lives to behold h] (fspr+1 brood+ ov] !m almo/ l a h54 ,b x is di/ress+ to le>n t if ! "m %\ld die %e is imm$iately dev\r$ by h] prog5y4 ,! ,euplexopt]a are widely di/ribut$ ov] ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,! tropical regions1 h[ev]1 c h>dly claim any great pr$om9ance ov] m temp]ate climates z reg>ds ei!r ! numb] or size ( ! species4 ,! l>ge/ ,european species 7,=ficesita gigantea71 :i* is an inhabitant ( "s p>ts ( ,engl&1 measures ab\t an in* 9 l5g? ( ! body4 ,our common ,e>wig 7,=ficula auricul>ia7 is n only f\nd all ov] ,europe1 b app>5tly ?r\gh\t ! great] "p ( ! ea/]n hemisph]e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gg4--;,=ficula ,auricul>ia4 ,ano!r ,briti% species1 viz41 ! little ,e>wig 7,labia m9or71 is also ( wide di/ribution4 ,! e>wig d]ives its "n f its occasionally creep+ into ! human e> 9 se>* ( concealm5t4 ,?is has be5 d5i$ by _m au?ors1 b we h p]sonally kn[n in/ances ( e>wigs ent]+ ! e>s ( p]sons ly+ asleep 9 fields 9 ! summ] "t4 ,! insect c be driv5 out imm$iately by p\r+ a little oil into ! e>4 ,"s writ]s h attempt$ to prove t ! "n e>wig is a corruption ( e>w+1 9 allusion to ! %ape ( ! h9d w+s2 really a v +5i\s idea1 b incorrect nev]!less4 ,,ord] ,,hemipt]a4 ,,includ+ ,,! ,,l& ,,bugs1 ,,wat] ,,bugs1 ,,plant ,,bugs1 ,,skat]s1 ,,lant]n ,,flies1 ,,frog ,,hopp]s1 ,,aphides1 ,,& ,,_! ,,allies4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gh4--,zelus ,quadrisp9osus4 ,! ,hempit]a are ,hau/ellate insects2 !y h f\r w+s1 :i* are membran\s & nak$4 ,_! metamorphosis is incomplete4 ,! ord] is a v ext5sive "o4 ,! insects1 h[ev]1 are mo/ly f\nd 9 ! tropical p>ts ( ! _w1 f :5ce ne>ly tw5ty ?\s& species h be5 describ$4 ,9 ! ,briti% ,isles _! numb] rea*es ne>ly a ?\s&4 ,! /udy ( ! ,hemipt]a has hi!rto be5 sadly neglect$1 ow+ to ! great majority ( !m be+ v small species4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gi4--,macro*]aia ,gr&is4 ,!y include ! ,plant ,bugs1 ,s& ,bugs1 ,wat] ,bugs1 ,cuckoo ,spits1 ,froghopp]s1 ,plant ,lice1 & _m o!r famili> =ms4 ,! ?ree great divisions into :i* !y are divid$ are treat$ by _m entomologi/s z di/9ct ord]s4 ,! foll[+ w %[ "u ea* head+ ! pr9cipal di/+ui%+ "* ( ea* gr\p or sub-ord] z we %all designate !m4 ,sub-,ord] #a1 ,het]opt]a4--,=e w+s ( a p>*m5t l consi/5cy4 ,sub-,ord] #b1 ,homopt]a4--,=e w+s membran\s & nak$1 simil> to ! h9d ones4 ,sub-,ord] #c1 ,anaplura4--,w+less2 no metamorphosis4 ,! ,het]opt]a are reg>d$ z ! highe/ ( ! ?ree gr\ps1 foll[$ by ! ,homopt]a1 :ile ! ,anoplura con/itute a some:at ab]rant s]ies1 & are some:at 9 ! same position z ! fleas 7,aphanipt]a7 are to ! true ,dipt]a4 ,,tabul> ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,pr9cipal ,,families ,,( ,,! ,,hemipt]a4 ,sub-,ord] #a4--;,het]opt]a4 ,,tribe ,i4--,,geocores ,,or ,,l& ,,bugs4 ,family #a4 ,scutell]id or ,%ield ,bugs4 ,family #b4 ,coreid or ,l& ,bugs4 ,family #c4 ,lygid or ,*9* ,bugs4 ,family #d4 ,pyrrhocorid or ,plant ,bugs4 ,family #e4 ,capsid or ,sap ,bugs4 ,family #f4 ,t+idid or ,tree ,bugs4 ,family #g4 ,cimicid or ,b$ ,bugs4 ,family #h4 ,r$uviid or ,pirate ,bugs4 ,family #i4 ,emesid or ,wolf ,bugs4 ,,tribe ,,ii4--,,hydrocores ,,or ,,wat] ,,bugs4 ,family #aj4 ,saldid or ,wat] ,jump]s4 ,family #aa4 ,hydrometrid or ,skat]s4 ,family #ab4 ,g]rid or ,ocean ,bugs4 ,family #ac4 ,galgulid or ,%>k ,bugs4 ,family #ad4 ,nepid or ,wat] ,scorpions4 ,family #ae4 ,notonectid or ,wat] ,boatm54 ,sub-,ord] #b4--;,homopt]a4 ,family #a4 ,cicadid or ,cicadas ,flies4 ,family #b4 ,fulgorid or ,lant]n ,flies4 ,family #c4 ,membracid or ,horn ,flies4 ,family #d4 ,c]copid or ,froghopp]s4 ,family #e4 ,tettigonid or ,mead[ ,lice4 ,family #f4 ,l$rid or ,oak ,lice4 ,family #g4 ,jassid or ,elegant ,lice4 ,family #h4 ,psyllid or ,plant ,lice4 ,family #i4 ,aphid or ,aphides4 ,family #aj4 ,aleyrodid or ,p[d] ,flies4 ,family #aa4 ,coccid or ,scale ,insects4 ,sub-,ord] #c4--;,anoplura4 ,family #a4 ,p$iculid or ,true ,lice4 ,,sub-,,ord] ,i4--,,het]opt]a4 ,! ,het]opt]a con/itute ! fir/ sub-ord] ( ! ,hemipt]a4 ,!y include ! ,true ,bugs1 an ext5sive gr\p ( v v>i$ /ructure & habits4 ,! great] "p ( ! t]re/rial species fe$ on plants1 ?\gh "s fe$ on ! blood ( animals1 :ile ! aquatic species are pr9cipally c>nivor\s 9 _! habits4 ,?is sub-ord] is divid$ into two tribes4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hj4--;,graphosoma ,l9eatum 7,mag47 ,,tribe ,i4--,,geocores ,,or ,,l& ,,bugs4 ,?is tribe includes ! t]re/rial species ( bugs4 ,x is subdivid$ into fifte5 families4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ha4--,tectocoris ,banksii4 ,family #a1 ,scutell]id4--,?is ext5sive family includes ! great] portion ( ! l>ge/ & h&some/ species ( ! ,l& ,bugs4 ,! insects live ^u plants1 trees1 & %rubs1 & fe$ ^u ! juices1 :i* !y suck out ( ! s(t tissues1 _m ( !m especially attack+ juicy fruits4 ,! family is v well repres5t$ 9 ! w>m] p>ts ( ! _w1 :]e also ! mo/ beautifully col\r$ species are met )4 ,"o ( ! mo/ h&some repres5tatives 9 ,europe is ,graphosoma l9eatum1 :i* measures ne>ly half an in* 9 l5g?4 ,x is r$di% 9 col\r & is common on fl[]s1 especially ^? ( ! ,umbellif]1 b is n met ) 9 our own c\ntry4 ,edessa c]vus is a native ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 & ano!r pretty species4 ,! mo/ famili> ,briti% species is :at is commonly kn[n z ! ,colewort ,bug 7,/ra*ia ol]acea71 a v pretty insect1 :i* lives on crucif]\s plants1 & is said sometimes to be injuri\s 9 g>d5s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hb4--;,catacan?us ,inc>natus4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hc4--;,eu?yrhyn*us ,floridanus 7,mag47 ,"s ( ! ,*9ese ,bugs belong+ to ! g5us ,tess]atoma are ! l>ge/ species kn[n4 ,family #b1 ,coreid4--,?is family conta9s a great numb] ( plant-fe$+ native & exotic species1 v>y+ consid]ably 9 %ape & /ructure4 ,! majority ( ,european species are1 h[ev]1 ( small size 9 comp>ison to ^? f\nd 9 tropical p>ts ( ! _w4 ,! insects ( ?is family are r>ely adorn$ ) bright col\rs1 diff]5t %ades ( br[n be+ ! prevail+ t9ts1 al?\gh a few ( !m are gaily adorn$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hd4--,trigonosoma ,desfonta9ei4 ,9 _! g5]al habits !y mu* resemble ! ,%ield ,bugs4 ,two ,briti% species are ,syroma/es m>g9atus & ,v]lusia rhombea4 ,family #c1 ,lygid4--,! memb]s ( ?is family are1 on ! :ole1 mu* small] ?an ! ,coreid1 "s ( ! smalle/ =ms ( :i* _m ( !m resemble4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #he4--;,cantao ,oceliatus 7,mag47 ,^! insects are g5]ally ( a r$ col\r1 ) black b&s & spots4 ,sev]al species are v injuri\s to cultivat$ plants4 ,"o ( ! mo/ de/ructive ( all is ,blissus leucopt]us1 a black insect ) :ite =e w+s1 ea* ( :i* is m>k$ ) a l>ge black triangul> spot on ! out] edge4 ,x measures ab\t an eigh? ( an in* 9 l5g?4 ,! "y l>va is r$4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ?is insect1 :i* ab\nds to a consid]able ext5t1 is call$ ! ,*9* ,bug4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hf4--,m55otus ,lunatus4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hg4--;,copius ,int]m$ius4 ,family #d1 ,pyrrhocorid4--,?is family ( bugs ab\nds 9 all p>ts ( ! _w1 & 9 ,europe & ,brita9 is und\bt$ly ! mo/ num]\sly repres5t$ ( all ! families ( bugs4 ,a v common species 9 ?is c\ntry f\nd on nettles is ,phytocoris tripu/ulatus1 :i* is ab\t "o-six? ( an in* 9 l5g?1 & g5]ally yell[i% 9 col\r4 ,family #e1 ,capsid4--,?is family conta9s a great numb] ( small species ( v>iegat$ col\rs1 :i* fe$ exclusively on ! sap ( plants or ! juice ( fruits4 ,a r small species 7,capsus at]7 is common ^u h]bage4 ,! male is entirely black2 9 ! female ! head & ?orax are r$di%4 ,! g5us ,miris & its allies include elongat$ species1 :i* are f\nd *iefly 9 grassy places4 ,family #f1 ,t+idid4--,! species ( ?is family diff] consid]ably among !mselves 9 size1 /ructure1 & habits2 & al?\gh ! majority ( !m are c>nivor\s1 o!rs1 especially among ! small] species1 are h]bivor\s4 ,"o species 7,t+is pyri71 f\nd 9 our own c\ntry1 is sometimes v injuri\s to pe> trees4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hh4--,t+is ,pyri 7,mag47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hi4--;,cimex ,lectul>ius 7,mag47 ,family #g1 ,cimicid4--,! type ( ?is family is ! common ,b$ ,bug 7,acan?ia lectul>ia71 :i* is only too well kn[n to mo/ p4 ,al?\gh treat$ z a ,briti% insect1 x does n always appe> to h be5 an inhabitant ( ^! isl&s1 b to h made its way "h ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,?ree o!r ,briti% species h be5 describ$ z inhabit+ ! dwell+-places ( c]ta9 animals & suck+ _! blood4 ,a4 columb>ia attacks pigeons4 ,a4 hirund9is is f\nd 9 swall[s' ne/s1 & ,a4 pipi/relli fe$s on bats4 ,family #h1 ,r$uviid4--,all ! insects ( ?is family are pr$ace\s 9 _! habits1 & are exce$+ly num]\s 9 tropical climates4 ,! l>ge/ ,briti% species is ,r$uvius p]sonatus1 an insect ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* long1 ( a blacki%-br[n col\r ) r$di% legs4 ,x is well furni%$ ) w+s1 & flies especially 9 w>m summ] ev5+s1 :5 x frequ5tly ent]s h\ses1 be+ attract$ by ! lights4 ,?is insect is said to be a great enemy to ! b$ bug4 ,"s ( ! =eign species ( ,r$uviid are mo/ =midable insects1 su* z ! great black ,conorrh9us r5gg]i ( ,*ili1 :i* (t5 attacks travell]s :5 camp+ out4 ,family #i1 ,emesid4--,mo/ ( ^! insects are c>nivor\s 9 _! habits4 ,! be/ kn[n species ( ?is family is probably ,plaria vagabunda1 a br[n1 delicately-=m$ insect1 :i* inhabits trees4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ij4--;,acan?aspis ,sexguttata4 ,,tribe ,,ii4--,,hydrocores ,,or ,,wat] ,,bugs4 ,all ! insects belong+ to ?is tribe are ei!r wat] insects1 or f\nd only 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood ( wat]4 ,x conta9s ! rema9+ families ( ! ,het]opt]a1 six 9 numb]4 ,family #aj1 ,saldid4--,! majority ( species belong+ to ?is family are small1 dull-col\r$ insects1 always f\nd 9 ! neighb\rhood1 ?\gh !y are n /rictly aquatic4 ,family #aa1 ,hydrometrid4--,! habits ( mo/ ( ^! insects are h]bivor\s1 & !y are all f\nd ne> wat]4 ,hydrometra /agnorum is a black or br[n insect1 m or less t+$ ) r$di%1 & ab\t half an in* long4 ,x is f\nd runn+ on ! surface ( wat]1 or else on ! banks or among wat] plants1 b is n s active z "s ( ! o!r species4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ia4--;,halobates ,pictus 7,mag47 ,family #ab1 ,g]rid4--,?is family includes "s v famili> insects1 :i* may be se5 runn+ ov] ! surface ( e piece ( wat]4 ,^! insects1 ( :i* sev]al species are abundant 9 ,brita91 h boat-%ap$ bodies4 ,! typical =m is ,g]ris lacu/ris1 :i* may be met ) almo/ any:]e4 ,!y are pr$ace\s 9 _! habits1 fe$+ ^u o!r insects4 ,"s ne>ly alli$1 b mo/ly v small species1 ) legs ev5 long] 9 proportion ?an ^? ( our common =ms1 are met ) at sea )9 ! tropics1 & (t5 at a great di/ance f l&4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ib4--;,galgulus ,oculatus 7,mag47 ,family #ac1 ,galgulid4--,?is family only includes a few ,am]ican species1 :i* are g5]ally br[n spott$ ) yell[4 ,galgulus oculatus inhabits ! s\!rn "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & measures ab\t two-fif?s ( an in* 9 l5g?4 ,family #ad1 ,nepid4--,! species ( ?is family are n v num]\s1 b are ( consid]able int]e/4 ,!y are ( l>ge size1 & v fi]ce & voraci\s4 ,! g5us ,beto/oma1 f\nd 9 ! ,ea/ ,indies & ,am]ica1 includes ! l>ge/ species ( ,het]opt]a1 "s ( :i* measure f\r & a half in*es 9 l5g?1 & ne>ly six in*es 9 expanse ( ! w+4 ,_! food consi/s ( small fi%1 frogs1 etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ic4--,nepa ,c9]ea4 ,! be/-kn[n species 9 our own c\ntry is ! ,wat] ,scorpion 7,nepa c9]ea71 :i* has ! p[] ( inflict+ a v pa9ful w\nd if h&l$4 ,x measures ab\t an in* 9 l5g?4 ,9 col\r x is yell[i%-grey1 ! back ( ! abdom5 be+ r$1 & its l>ge front legs1 :i* some:at resemble ! claws ( a scorpion1 h giv5 rise to ! "n by :i* x is popul>ly kn[n4 ,x is v common 9 /agnant wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #id4--,notonecta ,glauca4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ie4--,metacan?us ,punctipe 7,mag47 ,family #ae1 ,notonectid4--,^! insects are commonly kn[n z ,wat] ,boatm51 f _! habit ( r[+ !mselves ab\t on _! backs ) _! long h9d legs4 ,!y are c>nivor\s1 fe$+ on small insects & o!r fry4 ,! mo/ typical ,briti% species is ,notonecta glauca1 a yell[i% insect ab\t half an in* long4 ,x is a mo/ pr$ace\s insect1 & c bite sev]ely4 ,ano!r common species inhabit+ our own c\ntry is ,coriax ,ge(froyi1 :i* is ne>ly half an in* long4 ,! ,notonectid are all v p[]ful & active creatures4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #if4--;,corisa ,/riata4 ,,sub-,,ord] ,,ii4--,,homopt]a4 ,?is ext5sive sub-ord] includes ! ,cicadas1 ,lant]n ,flies1 ,plant ,lice1 ,scale ,insects1 etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ig4--;,fulogra ,horsfieldi4 ,z already po9t$ out1 ! mo/ /rik+ g5]al "* ( ?is gr\p consi/s 9 ! uni=m texture ( ! =ew+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ih4--;,cixius ,cunicul>ius 7,mag47 ,!re are elev5 families includ$ 9 ! ,homopt]a1 all ! species belong+ to :i* fe$ ^u vegetable juices4 ,family #a1 ,cicadid4--,^! insects are mo/ly inhabitants ( w>m climates1 & our only ,briti% repres5tative ( ! family 7,c4 anglica7 is "o ( ! small] species1 ! w+s only exp&+ ab\t an in* & a qu>t]4 ,f\r or five hundr$ species1 h[ev]1 are kn[n to inhabit ! _w1 & "s ( !m atta9 to consid]able dim5sions4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ii4--;,delphax ,longip5nis4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajj4--;,d]be ,/rigip5nis 7,mag47 ,!y g5]ally live ^u trees & %rubs1 & obta9 _! n\ri%m5t by pi]c+ ! tissues & suck+ out ! juices ( _! "y t5d] %oots4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aja4--;,issus ,coleoptratus4 ,! ,cicadas are improp]ly call$ ,locu/s bo? 9 ,am]ica & ,au/ralia1 on acc\nt ( ! *irp+ noise :i* !y p]petually keep up 9 ! woods1 bo? day & night4 ,family #b1 ,fuglorid4--,?is family includes ! ,lant]n ,flies & ,c&le ,flies1 :i* are rem>kable = _! l>ge size1 bright col\rs1 & /range =ms4 ,!y are almo/ all exotic insects4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajb4--,tettigometra ,viresc5s 7,mag47 ,! l>ge/ species is f\nd 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 & is call$ ! ,great ,lant]n ,fly 7,fulgora lat]n>ia71 measur+ ne>ly ?ree in*es 9 l5g?1 & ov] f\r in*es 9 expanse ( ! w+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajc4--,pcilopt]a ,phalnoides 7,mag47 ,! ,*9ese ,lant]n ,fly 7,fulgora c&el>ia7 has a r$ body1 ! =e w+s be+ gre5i% ) yell[ spots1 ! h9d w+s orange col\r ) black tips4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajd4--,membracis ,foliata 7,mag47 ,cixius n]vosus is f\nd 9 ! ,briti% ,isles1 *iefly on ald]s4 ,x measures ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* 9 l5g?1 & 9 col\r is black ) yell[ legs1 & transp>5t w+s dott$ ) br[n4 ,family #c1 ,membracid4--,?is family is *iefly rem>kable = ! fanta/ic %apes assum$ by ! pro?orax4 ,mo/ ( ! species are inhabitants ( ,am]ica1 :]e !y occur 9 wond]ful abundance & v>iety4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aje4--,smilia ,fasciata 7,mag47 ,a common species1 ,c5trotus cornutus1 is f\nd 9 ! ,briti% ,isles & ov] ! great] "p ( ,europe4 ,x is r ov] a qu>t] ( an in* long1 black1 ) a pair ( upright horns on ! pro?orax4 ,ano!r common ,european & ,briti% species 7,g>g>a g5i/7 is small] ?an ! prec$+1 & has no horns on ! pro?orax4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajf4--;da ,inflata 7,mag47 ,family #d1 ,c]copid4--,! ,froghopp]s & ,cuckoo-spits belong to ?is family4 ,!y are *iefly small insects f\nd among grass & bu%es 9 ! summ]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajg4--,physoplia ,nigrata 7,mag47 ,a v common species 9 ?is c\ntry is ! common ,cuckoo-spit 7,aphrophora spum>ia71 :i* is ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* 9 l5g?1 & ( a yell[i%-grey col\r4 ,?is insect c make a prodigi\s leap 9 proportion to its size4 ,x is said to sometimes spr+ to a di/ance ( two y>ds4 ,its yell[ l>v may (t5 be se5 on grass & l[ plants envelop$ 9 a mass ( fro?1 :i* has giv5 rise to ! "n ( ,cuckoo-spit4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajh4--;,hypsau*5ia ,we/woodii 7,mag47 ,family #e1 ,tettigonid4--,^! insects are exce$+ly num]\s1 & are (t5 rem>kably elegant 9 =m4 ,!y are mo/ly inhabitants ( ,am]ica1 :]e "s ?ree or f\r hundr$ species h be5 describ$1 b 9 ,engl& we h an exce$+ly pretty species 7,tettigonia viridis71 :i* is common 9 damp mead[s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aji4--;,het]onotus ,vuln]atus 7,mag47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aaj4--;,jassus ,atom>ius 7,mag47 ,family #f1 ,l$rid4--,_m ( ! insects belong+ to ?is family resemble beetles some:at 9 appe>ance4 ,l$ra aurita1 :i* may be consid]$ ! type ( ! family1 is a gre5i% insect1 ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* 9 l5g?1 & f\nd on oak trees4 ,family #g1 ,jassid4--,?is family conta9s a consid]able numb] ( small insects1 "s ( !m ( great beauty & elegant 9 appe>ance4 ,! typical g5us is ,jassus4 ,family #h1 ,psyllid4--,?is is ! fir/ family ( ! s-call$ ,plant ,lice or ,blight4 ,!y resemble ! ,froghopp]s 9 _! habits ( jump+4 ,mo/ ( !m are small insects1 & !y subsi/ on ! sap ( plants1 to :i* !y are sometimes injuri\s4 ,a few species produce galls4 ,livia pyri is a r$di% insect1 abundant on pe> trees4 ,o!r common species are f\nd on ! ald]1 a%1 oak1 & nettle4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aaa4--;,by?oscopus ,v5osus 7,mag47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aab4--,livia ,juncorum 7,mag47 ,family #i1 ,aphid4--,! ,aphid1 or ,plant ,lice1 ,blight1 & ,gre5 ,fly1 z !y are v>i\sly call$1 are among/ ! mo/ de/ructive ( insects4 ,!y are small & feeble creatures1 b make up = _! individual insignificance by _! imm5se numb]s4 ,!y sometimes exi/ 9 c\ntless millions1 completely smo!r+ ! plants ^u :i* !y fe$4 ,migratory habits seem to be /rongly develop$ among ! ,aphid1 h5ce x is we are s sudd5ly visit$ by su* enorm\s quantities ( ! insects dur+ hot wea!r 9 ! summ] "t4 ,9 col\r ! ,aphides are g5]ally gre51 br[n1 & black1 accord+ to ! species4 ,diff]5t k9ds live on diff]5t plants & trees4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aac4--;,d>nis ,limacodes 7,mag47 ,! ,hop ,aphis 7,aphis humuli7 lives ^u ! hop1 & its abundance or sc>city is a mo/ important matt] to ! hop-gr[]s 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aad4--,tricophora ,sangu9ol5ta 7,mag47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aae4--;,aphis ,tili 7,mag47 ,"o ( ! mo/ de/ructive insects ( ! :ole family is ! ,v9e ,aphis 7,phyllox]a va/atrix71 :i* has committ$ t]rible ravages at v>i\s times 9 mo/ ( ! v9e-gr[+ di/ricts on ! ,cont95t4 ,! ,aphides h ! habit ( dis*>g+ a sweet /icky sub/ance call$ honeydew1 ( :i* ants are v fond4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aaf4--,la*nus ,quescus 7,mag47 ,! reproduction ( ! ,aphid con/itutes "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ *apt]s 9 ! hi/ory ( ! animal k+dom4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aag4--;,aleyrodes ,proletella 7,mag47 ,family #aj1 ,aleyrodid4--,_m ( ! insects ( ?is family resemble mo?s 9 appe>ance4 ,inde$1 ! typical species1 ,aleyrodes proletella1 a v small r$di% insect1 0 =m]ly consid]$ to be a mo? by ! old] writ]s on entomology4 ,family #aa1 ,coccid4--,?is family conta9s ! ,co*9eal ,insects1 ! ,scale ,insects1 & _! allies4 ,! ,coccid1 or ,scale ,insects1 are sometimes v injuri\s to cultivat$ plants1 b !y are also useful1 produc+ co*9eal1 %ellac1 manna1 & o!r sub/ances ( consid]able importance4 ,! ,co*9eal ,insect 7,coccus cacti7 is a native ( ,mexico1 & furni%es u ) ! mo/ valuable & durable r$ dye t we possess1 & ! ,lac ,insect 7,coccus lacca71 an ,ea/ ,indian insect1 produces ! well-kn[n lac-dye4 ,! common ,scale ,insect 7,coccus adonidum7 is well kn[n 9 ho?\ses & cons]vatories 9 our own c\ntry1 ?\gh x is n indig5\s1 hav+ be5 import$ f abroad4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aah4--;,coccus ,cacti 7,mag47 ,,sub-,,ord] ,,iii4--,,anoplura4 ,?is sub-ord] conta9s only "o family1 :i* is consid]$ to be ! la/ & l[e/ gr\p ( ! ,hemipt]a1 ( :i* x may be reg>d$ z a v deg5]ate =m4 ,! insects h no w+s1 & live ^u ! blood ( o!r animals4 ,family #a1 ,p$iculid4--,! ,lice are a v ext5sive family1 b at pres5t n v well kn[n4 ,almo/ e mammal has a l\se peculi> to itself4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aai4--,p$iculus ,capitis 7,mag47 ,?ree species infe/ man4 ,! ,head ,l\se 7,p$iculus capitis71 f\nd on ! head1 especially 9 *ildr54 ,! ,body ,l\se 7,p$iculus ve/im5ti71 f\nd 9 ! clo!s2 & ! ,crab ,l\se 7,ph?irius inqu9alis71 a broad] & %ort] insect1 f\nd 9 ! hair on ! face & body ( uncleanly p]sons4 ,! lice infe/+ diff]5t races ( m5 diff] 9 col\r--?us1 ^? f\nd on nigg]s are black2 & ^? on ,europeans are :iti%4 ,o!r species ( lice infe/ ! dog1 cat1 pig1 m\se1 elephant1 monkey1 etc4 ,! ,p$iculid und]go no metamorphoses4 ,,ord] ,,dipt]a4 ,,includ+ ,,! ,,gnats1 ,,midges1 ,,crane ,,flies1 ,,hawk ,,flies1 ,,bee ,,flies1 ,,breeze ,,flies1 ,,bot ,,flies1 ,,& ,,_! ,,allies4 ,! ,dipt]a1 or two-w+$ flies1 are among ! mo/ num]\s ord]s ( insects1 b !y h be5 s little /udi$ hi!rto t we h b a v imp]fect k ( !m1 especially z reg>ds ! tropical species4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abj4--,midas ,giganteus4 ,! numb] record$ 9 ! ,briti% ,isles is ab\t #c1jjj1 t ( ! :ole _w probably exce$s #cj1jjj1 & x is c]ta9 t ?is numb] w be increas$ imm5sely z "t goes on4 ,! ,dipt]a may be def9$ z insects ) a suck+ m\? 7,hau/ellate71 & ) only two w+s1 :i* are membran\s1 :ile ! h9d w+s are repres5t$ only by a pair ( small knott$ organs1 call$ halt]es4 ,_! metamorphoses are complete4 ,! l>v are footless grubs1 g5]ally ) a s(t body1 b sometimes lea!ry or ev5 ne>ly horny4 ,_m ( !m possess a di/9ctly m>k$ head1 :i* may conta9 ocelli1 b 9 ! majority ! head appe>s z if x 7 simply "o ( ! neighb\r+ segm5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aba4--;,crasp$ia ,cori>ia4 ,_! food g5]ally consi/s ( decay$ animal & vegetable matt]1 & ?us !y are v useful z scav5g]s1 p>ticul>ly 9 hot climates4 ,! l>v frequ5tly live 9 ! sub/ance ^u :i* !y fe$1 :ile o!rs reside 9 wat]1 & _m are p>asitic4 ,= ! classification ( ! ,dipt]a we owe mu* to t em95t entomologi/1 ,o/5-,sack51 ^: arrangem5t has be5 "h g5]ally adopt$4 ,,tabul> ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,pr9cipal ,,families ,,( ,,! ,,dipt]a4 ,,tribe ,i4--,,nemoc]a4 ,family #a4 ,cecidomyiid or ,:eat ,midges4 ,family #b4 ,mycetophilid or ,army ,worms4 ,family #c4 ,simuliid or ,s& ,flies4 ,family #d4 ,bibionid or ,g>d5 ,flies4 ,family #e4 ,bleph>ic]id or ,blood ,flies4 ,family #f4 ,culicid or ,gnats4 ,family #g4 ,*ironomid or ,midges4 ,family #h4 ,orphnephilid or ,bread ,flies4 ,family #i4 ,psy*odid or ,fungus ,midges4 ,family #aj4 ,tipulid or ,crane ,flies4 ,family #aa4 ,dixid or ,wood ,gnats4 ,family #ab4 ,rhyphid or ,dung ,midges4 ,,tribe ,,ii4--,,bra*yc]a4 ,family #ac4 ,xylophagid or ,tree ,flies4 ,family #ad4 ,cnomyiid or ,popl> ,flies4 ,family #ae4 ,/ratiomyiid or ,manure ,flies4 ,family #af4 ,acan?om]id or ,pomade ,flies4 ,family #ag4 ,tabanid or ,breeze ,flies4 ,family #ah4 ,leptid or ,fox ,flies4 ,family #ai4 ,asilid or ,hawk ,flies4 ,family #bj4 ,midaid or ,wolf ,flies4 ,family #ba4 ,neme/r9id or ,fl[] ,flies4 ,family #bb4 ,bombyliid or ,bee ,flies4 ,family #bc4 ,!revid or ,hairy ,flies4 ,family #bd4 ,sc5op9id or ,w9d[ ,flies4 ,family #be4 ,acroc]id or ,slo? ,flies4 ,family #bf4 ,empid or ,little ,hawk ,flies4 ,family #bg4 ,doli*opodid or ,fairy ,flies4 ,family #bh4 ,lon*opt]id or ,wat] ,flies4 ,family #bi4 ,syrphid or ,d>t ,flies4 ,family #cj4 ,conopid or ,wasp ,flies4 ,family #ca4 ,pipunculid or ,h$ge ,flies4 ,family #cb4 ,platypezid or ,fungus ,flies4 ,family #cc4 /rid or ,bat ,flies4 ,family #cd4 ,muscid or ,meat ,flies4 ,section #a4--;,calypt]4 ,sub-family #a4 ,ta*99 or ,p>asitic ,flies4 ,sub-family #b4 ,desc9 or ,ra9b[ ,flies4 ,sub-family #c4 ,s>cophag9 or ,screw ,worms4 ,sub-family #d4 ,musc9 or ,bl[ ,flies4 ,sub-family #e4 ,antromyi9 or ,summ] ,flies4 ,section #b4--;,acalypt]4 ,sub-family #f4 ,scatophag9 or ,dung ,flies4 ,sub-family #g4 ,ortal9 or ,wood ,flies4 ,sub-family #h4 ,trypet9 or ,fruit ,flies4 ,sub-family #i4 ,piophil9 or ,*eese ,flies4 ,sub-family #aj4 ,diops9 or ,horn ,flies4 ,sub-family #aa4 ,*lorop9 or ,corn ,flies4 ,sub-family #ab4 ,drosophil9 or ,m\ld ,flies4 ,sub-family #ac4 ,agromyz9 or ,holly ,flies4 ,family #ce4 ,phorid or ,plant ,flies4 ,,tribe ,,iii4 ,,homalopt]a4 ,family #cf4 ,hoppoboscid or ,=e/ ,flies4 ,family #cg4 ,nyct]ibid or ,bat ,lice4 ,family #ch4 ,braulid or ,bee ,lice4 ,,tribe ,,iv4 ,,aphanipt]a4 ,family #ci4 ,pulicid or ,fleas4 ,! numb] ( families compris$ 9 ! ,dipt]a is s great t space w only p]mit u to deal v briefly ) ea*4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abb4--;,epidosis ,leucopeza 7,mag47 ,,tribe ,i4--,,nemoc]a4 ,?is tribe conta9s _m well-kn[n insects--namely1 ! ,midges1 ,gnats1 ,daddy-longlegs1 etc41 :i* are divid$ into twelve families4 ,family #a1 ,cecidomyiid4--,^! are small delicate species1 g5]ally clo!d ) long hair4 ,!y are all vegetable fe$]s1 "s ( !m be+ v de/ructive to crops4 ,! ,hessian ,fly 7,cecidomyia de/ructor7 is probably "o ( ! be/-kn[n species1 on acc\nt ( ! t]rible mis*ief :i* x has caus$ 9 v>i\s c\ntries1 & p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica4 ,miss ,e4 ,a4 ,orm]od1 ! well-kn[n economic entomologi/1 has rec5tly writt5 a great deal conc]n+ ?is insect1 ) ! view to prev5t+ its increase 9 our own c\ntry4 ,! ,:eat ,midge 7,diplosis tritici7 is ano!r v mis*iev\s species4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abc4--,mycetophila ,di/igma 7,mag47 ,family #b1 ,mycetophilid4--,^! are g5]ally small species4 ,!y are all vegetable fe$]s4 ,! l>v live greg>i\sly 9 fungi1 rott5 wood1 b>k1 etc4 ,! ,army ,worms 7,sci>a7 ( ,am]ica1 :i* belong to ?is family1 sometimes congregate 9 enorm\s numb]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abd4--,macroc]a ,lutea 7,mag47 ,! flies are rem>kable = _! rem>kable p[]s ( leap+4 ,family #c1 ,simuliid4--,?is family includes only "o g5us1 ,simulium4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 widely di/ribut$1 & "s ( ! species1 :i* are popul>ly call$ ,s& ,flies1 are exce$+ly annoy+ 9 hot climates4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abe4--,simulium ,ornatum 7,mag47 ,family #d1 ,bibionid4--,sev]al species belong+ to ?is gr\p are v famili> insects4 ,among !m is ! ,/4 ,m>k's ,fly 7,bibio ,m>ci71 :i* is black1 ) transp>5t w+s 9 ! male & br[ni% 9 ! female4 ,^! flies appe> 9 ! spr+1 & _! l>v live 9 dung or damp e>?4 ,_m ( ! species are popul>ly call$ g>d5 flies4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abf4--;,bibio ,hortulanus 7,mag47 ,family #e1 ,bleph>ic]id4--,^! flies h long legs1 ! ant5n are usually long & sl5d]1 & ! w+s broad & long4 ,! type ( ?is family is ,bleph>ic]a fasciata1 ! female ( :i* is a v blood-?ir/y creature4 ,x is a d>k br[n fly1 ) transp>5t w+s & yell[ legs1 & x measures ab\t "o-?ird ( an in* 9 l5g?4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 by no means abundant4 ,family #f1 ,culicid4--,! ,culicid1 or ,gnats1 are a v ext5sive family4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abg4--;,culex ,pipi5s 7,mag47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abh4--;,*ironomus ,plumosus 7,mag47 ,! l>v are ne>ly all aquatic4 ,!y are g5]ally small1 dull-col\r$ insects1 & are (t5 call$ ,mosquitoes 9 ! c\ntry4 ,^! insects frequ5tly cause mu* annoyance dur+ ! summ] mon?s to p]sons engag$ 9 out-door occupations4 ,!y are p>ticul>ly abundant 9 damp mead[s1 9 ! vic9ity ( wat]1 & also 9 hay-fields1 :]e ! face & h&s ( ! m[]s are sometimes bli/]$ to mu* pa9 by ! suck]s ( ! little creatures4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abi4--;,c]atopogon ,femoratus 7,mag47 ,"o ( ! mo/ tr\blesome species is probably ! ,h\se ,gnat 7,culex cili>is71 :i*1 ?ir/+ = its ev5+ meal1 (t5 ent]s our ap>tm5ts1 s\nd+ its approa* by a tol]ably l\d humm+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acj4--,tri*oc]a ,fuscata 7,mag47 ,culex annulatus is a little l>g]1 & is said to produce a great] am\nt ( irritation by its bite4 ,family #g1 ,*ironomid4--,^! insects are small delicate insects1 mu* resembl+ gnats 9 appe>ance1 & are popul>ly call$ ,midges4 ,! l>v ( mo/ ( ! species are aquatic4 ,! l>va ( ,*ironomus plumosus1 :i* is common 9 /agnant wat]1 is call$ ! blood worm f its bright r$ col\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aca4--,tipula ,gigantea4 ,family #h1 ,orphnephilid4--,mo/ ( ! species belong+ to ?is family are ( small size4 ,! typical species is ,orphnephelia te/acea1 measur+ sc>cely "o-t5? ( an in* 9 l5g?1 & is sometimes f\nd 9 bakeh\ses4 ,x is ( a ru/y-yell[ col\r4 ,family #i1 ,psy*odid4--,?is is a small family consi/+ ( m9ute br[n or yell[i% species rem>kable = _! resemblance to mo?s4 ,!y mo/ly fe$ on fungi & decay$ vegetable sub/ances4 ,! species ( ,phlebotomus are tr\blesome blood-suck]s 9 ! s\? ( ,europe4 ,family #aj1 ,tipulid4--,! insects belong+ to ?is gr\p are popul>ly kn[n z ,crane ,flies & ,daddy-longlegs4 ,!y are v abundant4 ,! commone/ species1 ,tipula ol]acea1 is a grey species ) transp>5t w+s1 & exce$+ly de/ructive to corn1 roots ( grass1 etc41 & no effectual rem$y has hi!rto be5 discov]$ = prev5t+ _! attacks4 ,! famili> ,w9t] ,gnat 7,tri*oc]a hiemalis7 belongs to ?is family4 ,x may (t5 be se51 ev5 dur+ ! dre>y mon?s ( ,decemb] & ,janu>y1 danc+ to & fro "u ! %elt] ( "s h$ge or wall4 ,9 fro/y wea!r x conceals itself b5ea? ! b>k ( trees1 "u leaves1 etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acb4--;,eriopt]a ,grisea 7,mag47 ,family #aa1 ,dixid4--,?is family ( gnats frequ5ts damp places 9 woods1 & are !re=e designat$ ,wood ,gnats4 ,!y may occasionally be se5 dur+ ! summ] "t 9 imm5se sw>ms4 ,! species ( ,dixa are r$di%1 yell[1 or black insects g5]ally ( small size4 ,family #ab1 ,rhyphid4--,! l>v ( mo/ ( ^! insects fe$ ^u decay$ vegetable matt]4 ,! species ( ,rhyphus may (t5 be f\nd re/+ on leaves 9 damp situations1 !y may also be se5 on w9d[s1 & occasionally danc+ 9 ! air4 ,!y are g5]ally br[n1 yell[1 or grey insects ( small size4 ,,tribe ,,ii4--,,bra*yc]a4 ,^! insects are g5]ally ( mu* l>g] size1 & m robu/ 9 appe>ance ?an ^? conta9$ 9 ! previ\s tribe4 ,!y are divid$ into tw5ty-two families4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acc4--,/ratiomys ,*ameleon4 ,family #ac1 ,xylophagid4--,! ,xylophagid are ?ick-look+ insects4 ,! head is z broad z ! ?orax4 ,! legs1 :i* are long & sl5d]1 are q nak$4 ,! l>v live 9 rott5 wood1 & ! flies may (t5 be se5 at re/ on ! trunks ( trees4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acd4--,s>gus ,cupr>ius 7,mag47 ,family #ad1 ,cnomyiid4--,9 ?is family ! head is n>r[] ?an ! ?orax2 o!rwise !y closely resemble ! previ\s family4 ,! typical ,european species is ,cnomyia f]rug9ea1 :i* measures ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* 9 l5g?1 & 9 col\r v>ies f ru/y-yell[ to black4 ,! l>v fe$ inside ! trunks ( rott5 popl>s4 ,family #ae1 ,/ratiomyiid4--,^! are r sl5d] flies1 v>y+ f half to "o in* 9 l5g?4 ,!y are usually f\nd re/+ on l[ plants4 ,_m species frequ5t c[-dung & manure1 etc4 ,sev]al k9ds exhibit a metallic coloration1 o!rs are black1 (t5 m or less v>i$ ) :ite or yell[4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ace4--;,*rysops ,ccutri5s 7,mag47 ,family #af1 ,acan?om]id4--,! ,acan?om]id are met ) pr9cipally 9 ,am]ica4 ,! typical species1 ,acan?om]a picta1 is f\nd 9 ,brazil1 & measures m ?an an in* 9 l5g?4 ,x us$ =m]ly to be l>gely us$ 9 ! manufacture ( pomade4 ,family #ag1 ,tabanid4--,! ,tabanid are broad-look+ insects4 ,! l>v usually live 9 damp e>?4 ,! females ( ^! species live on ! blood ( animals4 ,! be/-kn[n species is ! ,gad ,fly 7,tabanus bov9us71 :i* measures m ?an an in* 9 l5g?1 & is p>ticul>ly tr\blesome to cattle 9 hot wea!r4 ,x is blacki% above1 & r$di% b5ea? & on ! sides ( ! abdom54 ,! ,clegg ,fly 7,hmatopota pluvialis7 also belongs to ?is family4 ,x is a d+y-look+ insect ) mottl$-grey w+s1 & is sometimes v abundant 9 damp mead[s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acf4--;,hmatopota ,pluvialis 7,mag47 ,_m o!r species ( ,tabanid1 popul>ly call$ ,breeze ,flies1 are pl5tiful 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,family #ah1 ,leptid4--,^! insects are mo/ly pr$atory1 ?\gh _m small species are p>asitic on animals & o!r insects4 ,! l>va ( ,v]milio dege]ii lives 9 s&1 & fe$s on su* insects z fall 9 its way4 ,^? ( ! g5us ,leptis are p>asitic on cock*af]s & o!r l>ge beetles4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acg4--,v]milio ,dege]ii 7,mag47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ach4--;,*rysopila ,atrata 7,mag47 ,family #ai1 ,asilid4--,! ,asilid or ,hawk ,flies are a family ( consid]able ext5t1 & include _m v l>ge & conspicu\s insects4 ,!y fe$ on o!r insects1 & are v c\rage\s1 sometimes attack+ ev5 dragon flies4 ,"o ( ! mo/ common species is ,asilus crabroni=mis1 :i* is common 9 ! s\? ( ,engl&4 ,family #bj1 ,midaid4--,^! are l>ge insects resembl+ ! ,asilid 9 _! habits1 & are ne>ly all tropical4 ,a few species1 h[ev]1 inhabit ! s\? ( ,europe4 ,midas giganteus is f\nd 9 ,brazil & adjac5t c\ntries 9 tropical ,am]ica4 ,x measures ab\t "o in* & a half 9 l5g?4 ,family #ba1 ,neme/r9id4--,^! insects are *iefly inhabitants ( tropical climates l ! prec$+ family4 ,!y are g5]ally ( a black col\r1 sometimes ) r$ legs4 ,!y suck ! nect> ( fl[]s ?r\gh a long proboscis1 b no?+ is yet kn[n ( _! trans=mations4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aci4--,xylophagus ,at] 7,mag47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adj4--;,c]ia ,conopsoides 7,mag47 ,family #bb1 ,bombyliid4--,! ,bee ,flies belong to ?is family4 ,!y are small or middle-siz$ insects1 d5sely clo!d ) hairs4 ,!y are exce$+ly active insects ) long tongues1 ) :i* !y suck honey f fl[]s4 ,_! l>v are (t5 p>asitic 9 _! e>li] /ages on o!r insects4 ,!y are v useful 9 ,nor? ,am]ica by keep+ d[n ! numb] ( locu/s1 9 ! egg capsules ( :i* ! l>v fe$4 ,two species1 ,bombyliis major & ,b4 m$ius1 are common 9 ?is c\ntry1 & may (t5 be se5 9 g>d5s & op5 spaces 9 woods dur+ ! spr+ & summ] mon?s4 ,family #bc1 ,!revid4--,?is family is a v num]\s "o1 especially ^? ( ! typical g5us ,!reva4 ,!y are sl5d]1 middle-siz$ black insects1 & _! bodies are g5]ally cov]$ ) hair4 ,!y are g5]ally f\nd 9 ! neighb\rhood ( bu%es & trees4 ,family #bd1 ,sc5op9id4--,! ,sc5op9id include a few m9ute1 black flies1 n exce$+ a qu>t] ( an in* 9 l5g?4 ,!y are n v common1 b are sometimes f\nd ab\t w9d[s4 ,family #be1 ,scroc]id4--,?is family also conta9s small species ( flies1 b _! metamorphoses are at pres5t unkn[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ada4--,m$et]us ,nolatus 7,mag47 ,!y are usually to be f\nd re/+ easily on dry bran*es ( trees1 b are g5]ally r>e4 ,family #bf1 ,empidid4--,! insects ( ?is gr\p are v simil> to ! ,asilid 9 _! c>nivor\s prop5sities1 b ! species are usually ( a mu* small] size4 ,empis livida is a common yell[i% species measur+ ab\t "o-?ird ( an in* 9 l5g?4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adb4--;,doli*opus ,regalis 7,mag47 ,family #bg1 ,doli*opodid4--,?is family is a v ext5sive "o1 includ+ a consid]able numb] ( g5]a & species4 ,!y are usually small flies (t5 ( brilliant metallic col\r+4 ,!y may be f\nd g5]ally 9 ! neighb\rhood ( wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adc4--,sc5op9us ,f5e/ralis 7,mag47 ,family #bh1 ,lon*opt]id4--,! species ( ,lon*opt]id are small yell[i%-br[n or gre5i% flies ) lanceolate w+s4 ,!y frequ5t ! banks ( %ady /reams1 & are (t5 f\nd re/+ on wet /ones4 ,family #bi1 ,syrphid4--,! majority ( flies belong+ to ?is family are ( a mod]ate size1 & possess$ ( brilliant col\rs4 ,) ! exception ( ! enorm\s family ,muscid1 !y are "o ( ! l>ge/ families ( ! ,dipt]a4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #add4--,syrphus ,ribesii 7,mag47 ,mo/ ( ! species may be recognis$ at once by _! peculi> mode ( flight1 = !y hov] motionless 9 ! air1 & if al>m$ d>t (f ) a rapid motion :i* ! eye _c foll[4 ,milesia ,crabroni=mis is a v l>ge species common 9 ! s\? ( ,europe4 ,ab\t ?irty species are f\nd 9 ! ,briti% ,isles4 ,( ^! ,syrphus pyra/ri is p]haps ! be/-kn[n example4 ,x is a v wasp-l creature1 & is1 inde$1 mi/ak5 by _m p = a wasp4 ,x is a v useful insect1 fe$+ l>gely on aphides & plant lice1 & %\ld !re=e be enc\rag$ by e horticulturi/4 ,family #cj1 ,conopid4--,! l>v ( mo/ ( ^! insects are p>asitic on ,or?opt]a & ,hym5opt]a4 ,_m species h a resemblance to wasps 9 appe>ance1 be+ /rip$ ) yell[ & black4 ,! typical g5us1 ,conops1 are sl5d] flies measur+ half an in* 9 l5g?4 ,family #ca1 ,pipunculid4--,^! are black or br[n insects4 ,! head is l>ge & r\nd1 g5]ally broad] ?an ! ?orax4 ,! l>v are mo/ly p>asitic on o!r insects4 ,! flies may (t5 be se5 9 great sw>ms 9 %ady places 9 ! vic9ity ( h$ges1 9 lanes1 etc4 ,family #cb1 ,platypezid4--,?is family conta9s _m beautiful flies4 ,great numb]s ( !m are m>k$ ) orange & silv] & black4 ,! l>v inhabit fungi4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ade4--;,eri/alis ,simili 7,mag47 ,family #cc1 /rid4--,! ,bot ,flies are well kn[n on acc\nt ( ! annoyance !y cause to cattle4 ,!y lay _! eggs ^u ! hides ( ! animals1 & ! l>v1 :5 hat*$1 make _! way "u ! sk91 & !re take up _! abode1 liv+ on ! juices ( _! un=tunate ho/4 ,x is e/imat$ t ! loss occasion$ by ^! tr\blesome pe/s am\nts to millions ( p\nds 9 ! ,briti% ,isles alone4 ,! be/-kn[n species is probably /rus bovis1 :i* infe/s ! ox4 ,! cattle are s well aw>e ( ! dang] att5d+ ! pres5ce ( ?is insect1 t z soon z x appe>s ne> !m1 ! :ole h]d exhibits ! mo/ unmi/akable signs ( t]ror1 ru%+ ab\t _! pa/ure ) _! tails 9 ! air1 & 9 case ( ne$ tak+ refuge 9 wat]1 :]e ! fly w n foll[ !m4 ,miss ,e4 ,a4 ,orm]od has rec5tly paid mu* att5tion to ! economy ( ?is insect1 ) ! view to f9d+ "s rem$y = its attacks4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adf4--,neme/r9a ,longiro/ris 7,mag47 ,family #cd1 ,muscid4--,! ,muscid is ! mo/ num]\s family1 ( ! ,dipt]a & x includes _m famili> insects4 ,x is divid$ into two sections1 conta9+ ?irte5 sub-families4 ,! fir/ section1 ,calypt]1 conta9s five sub-families4 ,! ,ta*99 are p>asitic 9 ! l>val /age on ,lepidopt]a4 ,! l>ge/ ( ! ,muscid f\nd 9 ,europe is ,e*9omyria grossa1 :i* measures ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* 9 l5g?4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adg4--,volucella ,zon>ia4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adh4--;,conops ,flavipes 7,mag47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adi4--,myopa ,f]rug9ea 7,mag47 ,_m species ( ! ,dex9 are ( ! mo/ metallic-gre5 or blue4 ,!y are pr9cipally f\nd 9 ,au/ralia4 ,! ,fle% ,fly 7,s>cophaga c>n>ia7 belongs to ! ,s>cophag9 & is "o ( our l>ge/ species4 ,! l>v ( "s species are call$ ,screw ,worms 9 ,am]ica4 ,! f\r? sub-family1 ! ,musc91 conta9s ! mo/ typical species ( ! ,dipt]a or two-w+$ flies4 ,! common ,h\se ,fly 7,musca dome/ica7 is ! mo/ famili> example4 ,sev]al blue-&-gre5 flies are produc$ f l>v :i* fe$ on m or less putrid fle%1 & are well kn[n to angl]s z ,g5tles4 ,! ,bl[ ,fly or ,blue ,bottle 7,musca vomitoria7 is "o ( ^!1 also ! ,gre5 ,bottle ,fly 7,lucilia ,cs>7 :i* is (t5 common ab\t h$ges 9 ! summ] "t4 ,_m species belong to ! sub-family ,an?omyi91 are v small insects1 & _! l>v m9e 9 ! leaves ( plants l ^? ( ,t9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aej4--,platypeza ,fasciata 7,mag47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aea4--;,ga/rophilus ,equi 7,mag47 ,section #b1 namely ,acalypt]1 conta9s eight sub-families4 ,! species ( ,scalophag9 are usually call$ ,dung-flies4 ,! commone/ species1 ! ,yell[ ,dung ,fly 7,scatophaga /]cor>ia71 fe$s l>gely on manure & o!r refuse4 ,! ,ortal9 are flies ( small or mod]ate size1 :i* are met ) pr9cipally 9 woods & fields4 ,! ,trypet9 fe$ *iefly on fruit4 ,"o species1 ,c]atitis hispanica1 is v de/ructive to oranges 9 ! s\? ( ,europe1 etc4 ,( ! ,piophil91 ,piophila casei may be tak5 z ! typical example4 ,! l>v :i* ab\nd 9 *eese & bacon are popul>ly call$ ,*eese ,hopp]s1 or ,jump]s1 9 allusion to _! habit ( spr++4 ,! ,diops9 are pr9cipally met ) 9 ! tropical p>ts ( ! _w4 ,!y are g5]ally insects ( mod]ate size4 ,mo/ ( ! species ( ,*lorop9 are ( small size4 ,_! l>v g5]ally live 9 ! /ems ( corn & v>i\s k9ds ( grasses4 ,! ,drosophil9 are small1 dull-col\r$ flies1 ! l>v ( :i* fe$ on fungi1 rott5 fruit1 & simil> sub/ances4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aeb4--;,hypod]ma ,bovis 7,mag47 ,! la/ sub-family1 namely1 ! ,agromyz91 is v ext5sive4 ,"o ( ! commone/ species is ,phytomyza ilicis1 ! l>va ( :i* =ms l>ge br[n blot*es on ! leaves ( ! holly4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aec4--;,diopsis ,subfasciata 7,mag47 ,family #ce1 ,phorid4--,! insects belong+ to ?is family are g5]ally ( small or mod]ate size4 ,!y are v active1 & may be obs]v$ on plants1 & also sometimes sunn+ !mselves on w9d[s4 ,,tribe ,,iii4--,,homalopt]a4 ,! insects belong+ to ?is section mu* resemble spid]s 9 appe>ance4 ,!y are all p>asitic1 & are rem>kable = ! p]fect insect produc+ its "y s+ly1 & t n 9 ! egg /ate1 z 9 mo/ insects1 b ei!r 9 ! pupa /ate1 or z a mature l>va ready to become a pupa imm$iately4 ,?is tribe conta9s only ?ree families4 ,family #cf1 ,hippoboscid4--,! mo/ famili> insects compris$ 9 ?is family are kn[n z ,=e/ ,flies4 ,! common ,=e/ ,fly 7,hippobosca equ9a7 is a br[n species ab\t "o-?ird ( an in* 9 l5g?1 & exce$+ly annoy+ to horses1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,new ,=e/4 ,! ,%eep ,tick 7,melophagus ov9us7 is ano!r well-kn[n example4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aed4--,osc9is ,cornuta 7,mag47 ,family #cg1 ,nyct]ibid4--,^! insects are all p>asitic on bats1 & are commonly kn[n z ,bat ,lice4 ,!y are w+less1 b h a pair ( halt]es plac$ ^u ! dorsal surface4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aee4--,phora ,cam>iana 7,mag47 ,family #ch1 ,braulid4--,?is family includes only a s+le species1 :i* is p>asitic ^u ! honey bee4 ,its "n is ,braula cca1 & x is an exce$+ly m9ute creature4 ,,tribe ,,iv4--,,aphanipt]a4 ,! tribe ,aphanipt]a 0 =m]ly consid]$ to be a sep>ate ord]1 b x is n[ g5]ally includ$ among ! ,dipt]a on acc\nt ( ! simil>ity 9 ! trans=mations besides o!r consid]ations4 ,!re is only "o family4 ,family #ci1 ,pulicid4--,to ?is family belongs ! num]\s species ( fleas :i* infe/ diff]5t k9ds ( animals4 ,! ,human ,flea 7,pulex irritans7 is famili> to e "o4 ,x gets its liv+ by suck+ our blood1 & is ( great annoyance1 p>ticul>ly 9 hot wea!r4 ,! bli/]s :i* x raises on v>i\s p>ts ( ! body are exce$+ly irritat+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aef4--,pulex ,irritans 7,mag47 ,! ,dog ,flea 7,pulex canis7 & ! ,cat ,flea 7,pulex felis7 are di/9ct f ! above1 & are *iefly conf9$ to ^? animals1 al?\gh !y d n disda9 to v>y _! diet occasionally ) human blood4 ,! ,jigg] or ,*igoe 7,s>copsylla p5etrans7 is abundant 9 ! ,we/ ,indies & 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,x is sometimes v annoy+ to travell]s1 burr[+ deeply "u ! sk94 ,! body ( ! female is capable ( atta9+ to ! dim5sions ( a pea4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pr9t$ by ,hazell1 ,watson1 ,v9ey1 ,ld41 ,london & ,aylesbury4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,co9s ,,& ,,m$als ,b\ght1 ,sold1 ,valu$ or ,ex*ang$4 ,,sp9k ,,son1 ,,! ,,olde/-,,e/abli%$ ,deal]s 9 ,co9s ,m$als1 #ag #ah ,,piccadilly1 ,w41 ,,& #a #b ,,grace*ur* ,,/reet1 ,e4,c41 ,,london1 ,beg respectfully to ann\nce t !y ,,pur*ase ,,or ,,value ,,collections ,,or ,,s+le ,,specim5s ,,( ,gold & ,silv] ,co9s & ,m$als1 ,,pro(s1 ,,patt]ns1 ,,etc41 ,,also ,,numismatic ,,books ,,cab9ets1 ,,etc41 ,= :i* !y c give ! ,highe/ ,obta9able ,ca% ,prices4 ,,sp9k ,,son1 ,e/abli%$ #aggb4 99 99 99 99 99 ,co9s ,m$als ,b\ght1 ,sold1 ,valu$ or ,ex*ang$4 ,,sp9k ,,son1 ,,! ,,olde/-,,e/abli%$ ,,deal]s ,,9 ,,co9s ,,& ,,m$als1 #a #b ,,grace*ur* ,,/reet1 ,e4,c41 & #ag #ah ,,piccadilly1 ,w41 ,,london1 ,beg respectfully to ann\nce t !y ,,h ,,= ,,sale ,,! ,,foll[+ ,,specialities ,,at ,,l[ ,,prices3-- ,,engli% ,,gold1 ,,silv]1 ,,& ,,copp] ,,co9s4 ,,f9e ,,pro(s1 ,,patt]ns1 ,,etc4 ,,=eign ,,gold1 ,,silv] ,,& ,,copp] ,,co9s4 ,,tok5s ,,( ,,e ,,v>iety ,,9 ,,silv] ,,& ,,copp]4 ,,w> ,,m$als ,,& ,,decorations4 ,,commemorative ,,m$als4 ,,m$als ,,9 ,,silv] ,,& ,,bronze ,,( ,,celebrat$ ,,m54 ,,m$als ,,( ,,public ,,build+s1 ,,etc4 ,,e>ly ,,briti% ,,co9s ,,9 ,,gold1 ,,silv] ,,& ,,copp]4 ,,roman ,,ditto4 ,,greek ,,indian ,,e>ly ,,colonial ,,e>ly ,,am]ican ,,co9 ,,cab9ets4 ,,m$al ,,cab9ets4 ,,numismatic ,,works ,,by ,,! ,,be/ ,,au?ors4 ,,*eap ,,co9s ,,( ,,e ,,description 7,,li/ ,,free74 ,read ,sp9k ,son's ,,mon?ly ,,numismatic ,,circul>1 ,sample ,numb] ,gratis1 & ,po/ ,free4 ,all ,co9s & ,m$als gu>ante$ g5u9e4 ,,! ,,trade ,,suppli$ ,,^u ,,lib]al ,,t]ms4 ,,sp9k ,,son1 ,e/abli%$ #aggb4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,swan ,,sonn5s*e9 ,,co41 ,,london4 ,avel+ 7,dr4 ,e474--,,introduction ,,to ,,! ,,/udy ,,( ,,botany4 ,) #bga ,illu/rations4 #ds4 #f;d4 ---- ,,an ,,introduction ,,to ,,! ,,/udy ,,( ,,geology4 ,fully ,illu/rat$4 ,ca/le 7,lewis7--,,fl[] ,,g>d5+ ,,= ,,amateurs3 9 ,t[n1 ,suburban1 & ,c\ntry ,g>d5s4 ,illu/rat$4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,*eap ,edition4 #as4 ,clem5t 7,dr4 ,e474--,,tabul> ,,view ,,( ,,geological ,,sy/ems4 ,limp clo?4 #as4 ,h>t+ 7,j4 ,e474--,,our ,,summ] ,,migrants3 an ,acc\nt ( ! ,migratory ,birds :i* pass ! ,summ] 9 ! ,briti% ,isl&s4 ,) #cj ,woodcuts by ,,bewick4 #hvo1 gilt edges4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,hat* 7,dr4 ,f4 ,h474--,,an ,,introduction ,,to ,,! ,,/udy ,,( ,,petrology4 #dc ,cuts4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,second ,edition4 ,hay 7,w4 de ,lisle7--,,! ,,fungus-,,hunt]',s ,,guide4 ,fully ,illu/rat$ & ,int]leav$ ) ,writ+-,pap] = ,field ,memor&a4 ,limp clo?4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,mayne-,reid 7,capt474--,,! ,,naturali/ ,,9 ,,siluria4 ,illu/rat$4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,montagu 7,colonel7--,,diction>y ,,( ,,briti% ,,birds4 ,edit$ by ,,edw>d ,,newman1 ,f4,l4,s41 ,f4,z4,s4 #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,rob]ts 7,dr4 ,c474--,,! ,,naturali/',s ,,di>y3 a ,day-,book ( ,meteorology1 ,ph5ology1 & ,rural ,biology4 ,) ,col\r$ ,fl[] ,*>t4 #hvo4 ,limp clo?4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,:ite 7,gilb]t7--,,! ,,natural ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,antiquities ,,( ,,selborne4 ,/&>d ,edition by ,,b5nett1 ?or\ghly revis$1 ) additional notes1 by ,j4 ,e4 ,,h>t+1 ,f4,l4,s41 ,f4,z4,s4 ,engrav+s by ,,bewick1 ,,h>vey1 & o!rs4 #hvo4 ,clo?4 #ds4 net4 ,/&>d ,au?ors ,s]ies4 ,pres5tation ,edition1 clo? extra1 full gilt side & edges4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,wood 7,!odore7--,,! ,,f>m]',s ,,fri5ds ,,& ,,foes3 a ,popul> ,treatise on ! v>i\s ,animals :i* affect ,briti% ,agriculture b5eficially or injuri\sly4 ,illu/rat$4 #cs4 #f;d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,"y ,collector ,s]ies4 ,ea* ,volume fully illu/rat$ ) practical woodcuts1 & b\nd 9 flat clo?1 extra1 #as4 ea* 7po/ free1 #as4 #b;d474 ,!y conta9 j ! k9d & am\nt ( in=mation requir$4444 ,x is n easy to und]/& h[ works l ^!1 writt5 by m5 ( sci5ce 9 ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts1 c be made a comm]cial success4 ,c]ta9ly no?+ b ! enorm\s circulation :i* !y well des]ve c r5d] !m s4--,k4 ,we h se5 no?+ bett] ?an ?is s]ies4 ,x is *eap1 concise1 & practical4--,saturday ,review4 ,we are glad to call att5tion to ?is excell5t s]ies ( h&books1 :i* des]ve to be widely kn[n4444 ,we are glad to see ! /aff ( ! ,briti% ,museum ?us com+ =w>d to make popul> ! /ores ( le>n+ :i* !y h4444 ,! illu/rations are uni=mly good--f> bett] ?an 9 _m exp5sive books4--,academy4 ,,ants1 ,,bees1 ,,wasps ,,& ,,dragon ,,flies4 ,w4 ,h4 ,,ba?4 ,,birds4 ,h4 ,a4 ,,macph]son1 ,m4,a4 ,,book ,,collect+4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,slat]4 ,,butt]flies1 ,,mo?s ,,& ,,beetles4 ,w4 ,f4 ,,kirby1 ,f4,l4,s41 ,f4,e4,s4 ,,*ess ,,problems4 ,e4 ,w4 ,,rayn]4 ,,copp] ,,co9s ,,( ,,europe4 ,f4 ,c4 ,,higg9s4 ,,co9s ,,& ,,tok5s 7,,engli%74 ,,llew4 ,,jewitt1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,) a ,*apt] on ,greek ,co9s by ,,b>clay ,v4 ,,head1 ,m4,r4,a4,s4 ,,colonial ,,co9s4 ,d4 ,f4 ,,h[or?1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,,cru/aceans ,,& ,,spid]s4 ,f4 ,a4 ,,skuse4 ,,f]ns4 ,e4 ,j4 ,,l[e1 ,f4,r4,s41 ,f4,l4,s4 ,,fi%es4 ,rev4 ,h4 ,a4 ,,macph]son4 ,,fossils4 ,j4 ,w4 ,,williams4 ,,fungi1 ,,li*5s1 c4 ,,pet] ,,gray1 ,a4,b4,s4 ,,grasses4 ,w4 ,,hut*9son4 ,,l& ,,& ,,fre%-,,wat] ,,%ells4 ,j4 ,w4 ,,williams1 ,j4 ,w4 ,,taylor1 & ,w4 ,,d5ison ,,roebuck4 ,,mammalia4 ,rev4 ,h4 ,a4 ,,macph]son4 ,,m>9e ,,%ells4 ,j4 ,w4 ,,williams4 ,,mosses4 ,j4 ,e4 ,,bagnall1 ,a4,l4,s4 ,,pond-,,life 7,insects74 ,e4 ,a4 ,,butl]1 ,f4,z4,s4 ,,pond-,,life 7,alg1 ,diatoms1 c474 ,t4 ,s4 ,,smi?son4 ,,po/age ,,/amps4 ,w4 ,t4 ,,ogilvie4 ,,reptiles4 ,c4 ,,hopley4 ,,seawe$s1 ,,%ells1 ,,& ,,fossils4 ,p4 ,,gray1 & ,b4 ,b4 ,,woodw>d4 ,,silkworms4 ,e4 ,a4 ,,butl]1 ,f4,z4,s4 ,,telescope1 ,,!4 ,j4 ,w4 ,,williams4 ,,swan ,,sonn5s*e9 ,,co41 ,,london4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,"y ,collector ,s]ies4 ,ea* ,volume is v fully illu/rat$ ) practical woodcuts1 & b\nd 9 flat clo? extra1 #as4 ea* 7po/ free1 #as4 #b;d474 ,!y conta9 j ! k9d & am\nt ( in=mation requir$4444 ,x is n easy to und]/& h[ works l ^!1 writt5 by m5 ( sci5ce 9 ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts1 c be made a comm]cial success4 ,c]ta9ly no?+ b ! enorm\s circulation :i* !y well des]ve c r5d] !m s4--,k4 ,we h se5 no?+ bett] ?an ?is s]ies4 ,x is *eap1 concise1 & practical4--,saturday ,review4 ,we are glad to call att5tion to ?is excell5t s]ies ( h&books1 :i* des]ve to be widely kn[n4444 ,we are glad to see ! /aff ( ! ,briti% ,museum ?us com+ =w>d to make popul> ! /ores ( le>n+ :i* !y h4444 ,! illu/rations are uni=mly good--f> bett] ?an 9 _m exp5sive books4--,academy4 ,,butt]flies1 ,,mo?s1 ,,& ,,beetles4 ,by ,w4 ,f4 ,,kirby4 ,,cru/aceans ,,& ,,spid]s4 ,by ,f4 ,a4 ,a4 ,,skuse4 ,,ants1 ,,bees1 ,,dragon ,,flies1 ,,e>wigs1 ,,etc4 ,by ,w4 ,h4 ,,ba?4 ,,reptiles4 ,by ,,ca!r9e ,,hopley4 ,,mammalia4 ,by ,f4 ,a4 ,a4 ,,skuse4 ,%ortly4 ,,pond-,,life4 ,by ,e4 ,a4 ,,butl]1 ,f4,z4,s4 ,,silkworms4 ,by ,e4 ,a4 ,,butl]1 ,f4,z4,s4 ,,mosses4 ,by ,,jas4 ,e4 ,,bagnall1 ,a4,l4,s4 ,,seawe$s1 ,,%ells1 ,,& ,,fossils4 ,by ,,pet] ,,gray & ,b4 ,b4 ,,woodw>d4 ,,co9s ,,& ,,tok5s 7,,engli%74 ,by ,,llewellynn ,,jewitt1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,,london3 ,,swan ,,sonn5s*e9 ,,co4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,italic text is d5ot$ by und]scores & bold text by equal signs4 ,! #b pages ( adv]tisem5ts prec$+ ! title page h be5 mov$ to ! end ( ?is book4 ,! half-title page has be5 remov$4 ,obvi\s pr9t+ mi/akes h be5 correct$4 ,v>iations 9 spell+1 hyph5ation1 & acc5ts rema9 z 9 ! orig9al unless not$ bel[4 ,introduction1 ,l9nean *ang$ to ,l9nan 7,by ! ,l9nan sy/em74 ,page #aj1 ,hawk flies *ang$ to ,hawk ,flies4 ,page #ae1 ,section #c *ang$ to ,section #b4 ,page #ci1 fulf$ *ang$ to fullf$4 ,page #dc1 ,,pseudoneuropt]a *ang$ to ,,pseudo-,,neuropt]a4 ,page #eb1 re9s *ang$ to ve9s4 ,page #ee1 illu/ration caption3 ,fig4 #h *ang$ to ,fig4 #fh4 ,page #ie1 ,family #a *ang$ to ,family #ab4 ,page #ajc1 ,fig4 #ade *ang$ to ,fig4 #adf4 ,page #ajf1 ,piophila-casei *ang$ to ,piophila casei4 ,page #ajg1 ,tribe ,,vi *ang$ to ,tribe ,,iv4