,,the ,,mysteryes ,,of ,,natvre ,,and ,,art ,,the ,,mysteryes ,,of ,,natvre ,,and ,,art3 ,conteined in foure severall ,tretises1 ,the first of water workes1 ,the second of ,fyer workes1 ,the third of ,drawing1 ,colouring1 ,painting1 and ,engrauing1 ,the fourth of divers ,experiments1 as wel serviceable as delightful3 partly ,collected1 and partly of the ,authors ,peculiar ,practice1 and ,invention by ,i 4 ,b ,imprinted at ,london for ,ralph ,mab and are to be sold by ,john ,jackson and ,francis ,church at the ,kings armes in ,cheapeside #afcd4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illustration ,,to ,,the ,,reader4 ,courteous ,reader1 this ensuing ,treatise hath lien by mee a long time1 penned1 but in a confused and undigested manner1 as ,i gathered it1 practised1 or found it out by industry and experience4 ,it was not in my minde to have as yet exposed it to the publique view3 but being sollicited by the intreaties of some1 and those not a few1 to impart to each particular person what his ,genius most affected2 ,i was enforced as well for the satisfying of their requests1 as for the avoydance of many inconveniences1 to dispose in some order such ,experiments as for the present ,i was content to impart4 ,expect no elegancy of phrase1 for my time would not afford that1 7nor indeed my selfe to be the transcriber47 ,i endeavored as much as ,i could1 to write in plaine termes1 that in regard of the easinesse thereof it might suit with the meanest capacity4 ,the whole book consisteth of foure parts3 ,the first whereof treateth of ,water-workes4 ,the second of ,fire-workes4 ,the third of ,drawing1 ,painting1 ,graving1 and ,etching4 ,the fourth and last part treateth of severall ,experiments1 as well serviceable as delightfull3 which because they are confusedly intermixed1 ,i have entituled them ,extravagants4 ,now my chiefest ayme and end being the generall good1 ,i could wish a generall acceptance1 but that is too uncertaine to expect3 ,i will content my selfe that ,i am already certaine that these my first and weak endeavours will finde acceptance with some1 and ,i hope also with all honest and indifferent ,readers2 as for others1 hap as hap may be1 it is not to be doubted1 but that ,i shall scape as well as many my betters have done before me4 ,farewell4 ,your ,wellwiller1 ,i4 ,b4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illustration ,to my friend the ,authour1 upon his ,mysteries of ,nature and ,art4 ,when ,i scan over with a busy eye ,the timely fruits of thy vast industry1 ,observing how thou searchest out the heart ,of ,knowledge1 through th' untrodden pathes of ,art1 ,how easily thy active minde discries ,natures obscure and hidden rarities1 ,no greater wonder than thy selfe ,i finde1 ,the chiefest rarity's thy active minde1 ,which so fore-runs thy age4 ,thy forward spring ,buds forth betimes1 and thou art publishing ,ev'n in the morning of thy day1 so soone1 ,what others are to learne till th' afternoone4 ,now since thy first attempts expos'd thou hast ,to publick censure1 and the ,dy is cast1 ,doubt not of good successe3 the early rose 7,thou knowst7 is snatcht at1 ev'n before it blowes4 ,climbe higher yet2 let thy quick-sighted eyes ,venture againe for new discoveries3 ,nor be thou mizer-like1 so envious1 ,as to detaine what ere thou find'st1 from us2 ,no1 make the world thy debtor2 be thou still ,as open-handed to impart thy skill1 ,as now thou art2 and may thy teeming braine ,bring often forth such lusty ,births againe4 ,r4 ,o4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illustration ,of ,water-works4 ,it hath been an old saying amongst ,philosophers1 and experience doth prove it to be true1 ,non datur vacuum1 that is to say1 ,nature will not admit of any vacuity1 or emptinesse4 ,for some one or other of the ,elements1 but especially ,ayre1 and ,water doe insert themselves into all manner of concavities1 or hollownesses1 in1 or upon the earth1 whether they are such as are formed either by ,art or ,nature4 ,for the one it is so obvious1 and manifest1 as that it needs not any proofe at all4 ,as for the other1 ,i shall make it manifest unto you by easie demonstration4 ,let there be gotten a large vessell of glasse1 or other1 having besides the mouth another hole 7though but a little one7 at the top3 poure water into the vessell by a tunnell thrust into the mouth of it1 and you shall finde that as the water runneth into the vessell1 a winde will come forth of the little hole1 sufficient to blow out a candle being held over it4 ,this proveth1 that before the water was poured into the vessell 7though to our sight it appeared to bee empty7 it was full of ayre1 which forced out of the vessell as the water ran in2 and the reason hereof is1 because the water is by nature of a massie1 subtill1 substance2 and the ayre of a windy1 light1 evaporative nature3 ,the knowledge of this1 with the rarifaction of inclosed ayre1 is the ground and foundation of divers excellent experiments not unworthy the knowledge of any ingenious ,artist whatsoever4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illustration ,the order of the things contayned in the first booke4 ,experiments of drawing water by the ,crane4 ,experiments of drawing water by ,engins4 ,experiments of forcing water by ayre compressed4 ,experiments of forcing water by ,engins4 ,experiments of producing sounds by ayre and water4 ,experiments of producing sounds by evaporation of water by fire4 ,experiments of producing sounds by ,engins4 ,experiments of motions by evaporating water4 ,experiments of motions by rarifying ayre4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illustration ,of ,water-workes4 ,to draw water by a ,crane4 ,take any vessell1 of what bignes you please1 fill it with water1 then take a ,crane 7that is a crooked hollow ,cane7 one end wherof1 let be somewhat longer then the other2 put the shorter end of it into the vessell of water1 and let the longer end hang out of the vessell1 unto which longer end1 put your mouth1 and draw in your breath1 and the water will follow2 then withdraw your mouth1 and you shall see the water runne so long1 till it come equall to that end of the ,cane which is within the vessell4 ,illustration ,another4 ,take a deep vessel1 having two loopes on one of the sides1 fill it nigh full with water3 then take a hollow ,cane1 like unto the aforesayd1 but let there bee fastned unto the shorter end a wooden dish2 put the longer end heereof through the loopes on the side1 and that end that hath the dish fastned unto it into the vessell of water1 with your mouth as you did in the former1 draw out the ayre1 and you shall see that as the water runneth out1 the ,crane will sinke lower and lower1 and so will continue running untill the vessell bee drawen empty4 ,illustration ,how to make a conceited pot1 which being filled with water1 will of it selfe run all out2 but not being filled will not run out4 ,make1 or cause a pot to bee made of what fashion best liketh your mind1 and make a large hollow cane to stand up in the midst thereof2 having at the bottome #b or #c small holes2 let the top of this cane be close3 then make a hole in the bottome of the vessell1 and put up a little cane hollow at both ends1 into the other cane1 so that the one end therof may almost touch the top of the great cane1 and it is done4 ,note1 that if you put into this vessel so much liquor1 that it swimme above the top of the cane1 it will of its owne accord1 run and never cease so long as there is any liquor in the vessell2 but if you fill it below the cane1 it will not run at all of it selfe3 the reason whereof is this2 the ayre being the lighter element1 doth ascend into the higher place1 but being drawne as in the two first demonstrations out of the ,crane1 or forced1 as in this1 by the weight of the water in the vessell1 the water then tendeth downewards unto its proper place4 ,illustration ,how to dispose #b vessels upon one foot1 that so much wine may runne out of the one1 as you shall put water into the other4 ,let ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ,d1 be the foot1 at each end whereof1 place a vessell equall in bignesse1 the one to the other2 as ,d1 ,e2 also let there passe a hollow cane from the one to the other1 as ,a1 ,r1 ,a1 the ends whereof must almost touch the tops of the sayde vessels2 in the vessell ,d1 there must bee a hollow pipe1 as ,f1 whereby you may by help of a tunnel powr water into the vessell3 also in the vessell ,e1 there must be a crane1 as ,g2 now if you fill the vessel ,e with wine almost unto the top of the crane1 and afterwards stoppe the mouth of the vessell1 that the ayre may not breath foorth1 it will not run of it selfe3 but if you put water into the vessell ,d1 the ayre contayned in it1 will passe through the hollow pipe1 ,a1 ,r1 ,a1 into the vessel ,e1 where striving for a greater quantity of roome1 it presseth the wine out of the vessell ,e1 7by the crane7 answerable in quantity unto the water powred into the vessell ,d4 ,illustration ,how to dispose #b vessels upon one foot1 the one being empty1 and the other almost full of wine1 and yet shall not runne out of the vessell1 unlesse you fill the empty vessel with water1 and then the one shall run pure wine1 the other fayre water4 ,let there bee #b vessels placed upon one foot1 having a hollow cane passing from one to the other 7as ,i taught in the precedent probleme7 but let there bee #b cranes as ,f1 ,g1 one in each vessell2 then fill one of the vessels with wine1 but not above the crane1 so it will not runne of it selfe3 but if you powre water into the other vessell1 untill it bee full1 it will cause that wine shall runne out of the one1 and cleare water out of the other4 ,illustration ,to make that the water conteined in one vessell1 shal ascend into another vessell placed above it4 ,let ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ,d1 bee a vessell having a partition in the middle1 as ,e1 ,f1 let there be placed upon this vessell1 a ,cylinder of ,glasse cleare1 and very transparant1 that will contayne the same quantity of water1 that one of the partitions will1 as ,i1 ,g1 ,h2 in the lowermost partition towards the bottome1 let there bee a cocke1 and out of the same vessell let two pipes be made to passe1 the one wherof reacheth almost unto the top of the ,cylinder1 the other must come out by the side of the ,cylinder3 also out of the upper partition there must come another pipe4 ,moreover there must be a hole1 through the top of the uppermost partition as ,y4 ,fill the lower partition at the pipe1 also the upper partition by the hole ,y3 note then that if you turn the cocke as the water runneth out of the lower partition1 the water contained in the upper partition wil ascend throgh the pipe into the glasse ,cylinder4 ,when all the water in the lower partition is runne out at the cocke1 then the water which before did ascend into the ,cylinder1 will fall backe againe into the upper partition3 after this manner may you compose an artificiall water clocke1 if you note the howres upon the ,cylinder1 and make the cocke after such manner1 as that the water may issue out but by droppes4 ,illustration ,to make a cup or vessell that so oft as you take the liquor out of it1 so oft it shall fill it selfe1 but never runne over4 ,svppose ,a to bee a vessell full of water1 having a pipe comming from the bottome1 and rising up into a cup of the just height that the vessell is of2 over the vessell fild with water1 let there be placed another vessel1 as ,e4 ,from this vessell must come a pipe1 and reach with in the other vessell4 ,now ouer this vessell there hangeth1 as it were1 the beame of a scale2 at the one ende whereof1 is fastened a peece of boord1 hauing a leather nayled upon the top2 at the other end of this beame must hang a weight1 but not full so heauie as the peece of boord lethered is4 ,fill both these vessells with water1 and the cup also2 note then1 that if you sucke out the water in the cup by the pipe on the side of it1 the water in the vessell will come into it1 untill it is in both of equall height3 now as the water falleth downe in ,a1 the peece of boord that is hanged unto one end of the beame falleth after it 7because it is heauier then the weight7 and so giueth way unto the water in ,e1 which runneth into it2 and when the vessell is filled againe with water1 it beareth up the sayd peece of boord against the pipe of the vessell ,e1 so that the water can run out thereat no longer1 except the water bee againe drawne out of the cup4 ,illustration ,of drawing water by ,engines4 ,before ,i begin with these1 take a word or two by the way4 ,let it bee a generall notion that no engine for water workes of what sort soeuer1 whether for seruice1 or meere pleasure1 can be made without the help of ,succurs1 ,forcers1 or ,clackes2 euery of which1 ,i haue orderly explayned both by words and demonstratiue figures4 ,illustration ,a ,succur is a box1 which is made of brasse 7hauing no bottome7 in the middest of which1 there is a small bar goeth crosse1 the same hauing a hole in the middle of it2 this box hath a lid so exactly fitted unto it1 that being put into it1 no ayre nor water can passe betweene the creuise3 this couer hath a little button on the top1 and a seame that goeth into the box1 and so through the hole of the aforesayd crosse barre1 and afterwards it hath a little button riueted on it1 so that it may with ease flip up and downe1 but not be taken1 or flip quite out4 ,illustration ,a ,forcer is a plug of wood exactly turned and leathered about2 the end that goeth into the barrell1 is semicircularly concaue4 ,illustration ,a ,clacke is a peece of ,leather nayled ouer any hole1 hauing a peece of lead to make it lie close1 so that the ayre or water in any vessell may thereby bee kept from going out4 ,how to harden ,leather1 so as the same shall last much longer in succurs of ,pumps1 then it doth unprepared4 ,lay such ,leather as is well tanned to soake in water1 wherein there hath beene store of iron filings a long time1 or else in the water that hath lien a long time under a grindstone1 into the which such yron as hath beene from time to time ground away1 hath fallen and there setled4 ,the making of a ,pumpe to draw water4 ,svppose ,a ,b ,c were a deepe ,wel1 wherein you would make a ,pumpe to draw water to the surface or superficies of the earth4 ,first therefore you must prouide a pipe of ,lead1 or a peece of timber bored through1 so long as will reach unto the bottome of the ,well3 that part that standeth in the water must bee cut with two or three arches1 as it were1 if it be wood2 if ,leade1 it must haue somewhat to beare it a little from the bottome1 that the water may thereby bee let into the pipe4 ,towards the bottome of the pipe in the water there must bee fastned a succur2 also another of these succurs must be fastned about two foot aboue the top of the ground2 then haue a bucket fitted unto the hole of the wood or leaden pipe2 let it bee well leathered about1 and haue a clacke at the bottome of it1 and let it bee hanged with a sweepe as the figure sheweth3 note that after you haue filled the distance betweene the lower succur1 and the bucket with water1 that if you lift up the sweepe1 it will thrust downe the bucket upon the water1 and presse it1 the water being pressed upon by the bucket1 beareth up the clacke1 and comes into the bucket2 then if you pull downe the sweepe1 the clacke shutteth1 and so the water remaynes in the bucket1 which being drawen upward1 there being nothing to follow but water1 both the succurs open1 and there commeth into the pump so much water as the buckets drew out4 ,illustration ,the making of an ,engin1 whereby you may draw water out of a deepe ,well1 or mount any ,river water1 to be conveyed to any place within three or foure miles of the same4 ,also it is used in great ships which ,i have seene4 ,svppose ,a ,b ,c ,d to be a deepe ,well1 and ,e ,f to be a strong peece of timber fastned athwart the same1 a good way in the water4 ,in this planke let there bee fastened a peece of timber with a strong wheele in it1 as ,g ,h1 hauing strong yron spikes droue athwart the wheele within the creuise1 and strongly riueted on each side3 let them be three or foure inches distant from each other4 ,let there bee likewise made in the sayde planke two holes1 in which set two hollow posts1 that may reach to the top of the ,well1 or so much higher as you desire to mount the water2 let them bee made fast that they stirre not4 ,in the bottom of one of these posts1 there must be fastned a barrell of brasse1 as ,g ,h1 made very smooth within1 and betwixt those two posts at the top2 let there bee fastned unto them both another peece of strong timber to hold them fast1 lest they start asunder2 and in the midst of that make a mortice1 and in it fasten a strong peece of timber with a wheele like to the former mentioned2 the pin whereof ought to bee made fast unto the wheele1 and haue a crooked handle to turne about1 that by turning of it1 you may turne the wheele also4 ,then prouide a strong yron chayne of length sufficient1 hauing on euery third or fourth linke a peece of horne1 that will easily goe through the brasse barrell1 and a leather of each side of it1 but somewhat broader then the horne2 put this chayne under the lower wheele in the ,well upon both the hollow posts1 draw it ouer the upper wheele1 and linke it fast and straight4 ,turn then the handle round1 and it will turne the chayne round1 whose leathers comming up the brasse barrell1 will beare the water before them2 this goeth very strongly1 and therefore had neede bee made with wheeles and wrought upon by horses1 for so the water is wrought up at ,broken ,wharfe in ,london4 ,illustration ,to make an ,engin1 which being placed in water will cast the same with violence on high4 ,let there be prepared a strong table1 with a sweepe fastened at the one end thereof1 to lift up and downe2 unto the end of the sweepe1 let there be linked a peece of yron hauing two rods of length sufficient2 let there bee made a hole quite through the midst of this table1 whose diameter let be about fiue or six inches2 then prouide two peeces of brasse in forme of hattes1 but let the brim of the uppermost be but about one inch broad1 and haue diuers little holes round about it2 also in the crown of this must bee placed a large succur1 and ouer it a half globe1 from the top of which1 must proceed a hollow trunke aboute a yard long1 and of a good wide bore2 then take good liquored leather1 #b or #c times double1 put betweene the board and the brims of this1 and with diuers little screws put through the holes of the brimme1 screw it fast unto the top of the table4 ,note that the table must bee leathered also underneath the compasse of the brimme of the lower brasse4 ,now the lowermost brasse must be of equal diameter 7in hollownesse7 unto the other1 but it must be more spirall towards the bottome1 and must haue eyther a large clacke or succur fastned in it2 also the brim of this must be larger then that of the uppermost1 and haue two holes made about the midst on each side one2 bore then #b holes in the table1 on each side of the brasse one1 answerable unto the holes of the brim of the lower brasse1 throgh which holes put the two rods1 of the yron hanged unto the sweepe through them1 and riuet them strongly into the holes of the lower brasse4 ,place this in water1 and by mouing the sweepe up and downe1 it will with greater violence cast the water on high4 ,illustration ,experiments of forcing water by ayer compressed4 ,let there bee a large pot or vessell1 hauing at the side a peece of wood made hollow1 hauing a clacke of leather with a peece of lead upon it1 within the vessell also let there be a pipe through the top of the vessell1 reaching almost to the botom of it3 at the top of which let there be a round hollow ball1 and on it a small cocke of brasse4 ,note that if you fill the said vessell halfe-full of water1 and blow into the hole of the pipe1 at the side1 your breath will lift up the clack1 and enter the vessell1 but when it is in1 it will presse down the clack3 blow into it oftentimes1 so shall there bee a great deale of ayre in the vessell1 which will presse so hard upon the water1 that if you turne the cock at the top1 the water in the vessell will spin out a good while4 ,illustration ,another4 ,let ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ,d1 be a great vessell1 having a partition in the middle3 let there bee a large tunnell at the top of it1 ,e1 ,f1 whose neck must go into the bottom almost of the lower vessell3 let there be a hollow pipe also coming out of the partition1 and almost touch the top of the upper vessell4 ,in the top of the upper vessell let there bee another pipe1 reaching from the bottom of the upper vessell1 and extending it selfe out of the vessell a good way3 let the top of it hang ouer the tunnell4 ,in the top of the upper vessell let there be a hole besides1 to be stopped with cork1 or otherwise3 when you will use it1 open the cork-hole1 and fill the upper vessel with water3 then stop it close againe1 and poure water into the tunnell1 and you shall see that the water in the upper vessell will run out of the pipe into the tunnell againe and so will continue running untill all the water in the upper vessell be run out4 ,the reason thereof is this2 the water in the tunnell pressing the ayre in the lower vessell1 maketh it ascend the pipe in the partition1 and presse the water in the upper vessell1 which having no other way but the pipe1 it runneth out thereat4 ,illustration ,the forcing of water by pressure1 that is the naturall course of water in regard of its heavinesse and thinnesse1 artificially contrived to break out of what image you please4 ,let ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ,d1 bee a cestern placed upon a curious frame for the purpose1 let the bottom of this frame be made likewise in the form of a cestern3 ,through the pillers of this frame let there passe hollow pipes from the bottom of the upper cestern1 and descend to the bottom of the lower cestern1 and then run all to the middle thereof1 and joyne in one1 and turne up into the hollow body of a beast1 bird1 fish1 or what your fancy most affecteth3 let the hole of the image whereat the water must break out1 be very small1 for so it will run the longer4 ,fill the upper cestern with water1 and by reason of the weight thereof it will passe through the pipes1 and spin out of the hole of the image4 ,experiments of forcing water by ,engins4 ,let there bee an even streight barrell of brasse of what length and bignesse you please3 let the bottom of it be open1 and let the top be closed1 but so that it be hollow on the outside like a basin3 in the midst whereof let there bee a straight pipe erected1 open at both ends1 also let there be another short pipe at the side of it1 which let bee even with the top of the basin on the outside1 but stand a little from it on the side4 ,having thus prepared the barrell1 fit a good thick board unto it1 so that it may slip easily up and down from the top of the barrell unto the bottom1 nayle a lether about the edges of it1 and another upon the top of it3 on the underside of it let there be fastned a good stiffe1 but flexible spring of steele1 which may thrust the board from the bottom to the top of the barrell3 let the foot of this spring rest upon a barre fastned acros the bottom of the barrell2 let this board also have tied at the middle a little rope of length sufficient4 ,when you use it1 bore a little hole in the table that you set it on1 to put the rope thorow1 and pull the rope down1 which will contract the spring1 and with it draw down the board3 then poure in water at the basin untill the vessell be full3 ,note then1 as you let slack the rope1 the water will spirt out of the pipe1 in the middle1 and as you pull it straight1 the water will run into the vessell againe4 ,you may make birds1 or divers images at the top of the pipe1 out of which the water may break4 ,illustration ,another manner of forcing water1 whereby the water of any spring may be forced unto the top of a hill4 ,let there be two hollow posts1 with a succur at the bottom of each1 also a succur nigh the top of each3 let there be fastned unto both these posts a strong peece of timber1 having1 as it were1 a beame or scale pinned in it1 and having two handles1 at each end one4 ,in the tops of both these hollow posts fasten two brasse barrels1 made very even and smooth within1 unto these two barrels let there be fitted two forcers1 lethered according to art1 at the tops of these forcers must be fastned two yrons1 which must bee linked unto the aforesaid beam2 from each post below towards the end of the barrels1 let there bee two leaden pipes1 which afterward meet in one1 to conduct the water up to the place desired1 which if it bee very high1 there will be need of some succurs to catch the water as it cometh4 ,illustration ,the description of an ,engin to force water up to a high place3 very usefull for to quench fire amongst buildings4 ,let there be a brasse barrell provided1 having two succurs in the bottom of it3 let it also have a good large pipe going up one side of it with a succur nigh unto the top of it1 and above the succur a hollow round ball1 having a pipe at the top of it made to screw another pipe upon it1 to direct the water to any place4 ,then fit a forcer unto the barrell with a handle fastned unto the top2 at the upper end of this forcer drive a strong screw1 and at the lower end a screw nut1 at the bottom of the barrell fasten a screw1 and at the barre that goeth crosse the top of the barrell1 let there be another screw nut3 put them all in order1 and fasten the whole to a good strong frame1 that it may stand steddy1 and it is done4 ,when you use it1 either place it in the water1 or over a kennell1 and drive the water up to it1 and by moving the handle to and fro1 it will cast the water with mighty force up to any place you direct it4 ,illustration ,experiments of producing sounds by ayer and water4 ,let there bee had in a readinesse a pot made after the forme of the figure following1 having a little hole at the top1 in the which fasten a reed or pipe1 also another little hole at the bottom3 presse this pot into a bucket of water1 and it will make a loud noyse4 ,illustration ,another4 ,let there be a cestern of lead or such like1 having a tunnell on the top3 let it bee placed under the fall of a ,conduit1 and at the one end of the top1 let there come out of the vessell a small pipe1 which let bee bent into a cup of water1 and there will be heard a strange voice4 ,over this pipe you may make an artificiall tree with diuers birds made to sit therein4 ,illustration ,how to make that a bird sitting on a basis1 shall make a noise1 and drink out of a cup of water1 being held to the mouth of it4 ,provide a cestern1 having a tunnell at the one end of the top1 and a little cane coming out of the other end of the vessell2 on the top of which let there be a bird made to sit1 also at the bottom of the cestern1 let there bee a crane to carry away the water as it runneth into the vessell4 ,place this vessell with its tunnell under the fall of a conduit of water1 and the bird will sing2 and if you hold a cup of water under his bill1 hee will drink and make a noise4 ,illustration ,a device whereby severall voyces of birds cherping may be heard4 ,prepare a cestern having divers partitions1 one above another2 let them all have cranes in the bottoms to carry the water from one to another2 also let each cestern have his severall pipe1 all of them coming out at the top of the cestern1 on whose tops let birds bee artificially made1 with reeds in them3 also in the top of the upper cestern let there bee a tunnell4 ,place it under the fall of a conduit of water1 and you shall heare so many severall voyces as there are birds4 ,illustration ,a device whereby the figure of a man standing on a basis shall be made to sound a trumpet4 ,prepare a cestern having within on the lid fastned a concave hemisphere1 in whose bottom let there bee made one or two holes3 let there also be a hole in the top of the sayd cestern1 whereby it may bee filled with water as occasion serveth4 ,also let there bee made to stand on the top of this cestern the image of a man holding unto his mouth a trumpet3 this image must likewise have a slender pipe coming out of the cestern unto the trumpet1 in this pipe or cane there must be a cock1 nigh unto the cestern4 ,also there must come out of the concave hemisphere at the side of the cestern1 a little short pipe1 having a clack on it within the vessell4 ,fill the cestern about two thirds full of water1 and then cork it up fast1 blow then into the vessell at the pipe on the side divers times1 and the ayer will force the water out of the hemisphere1 and make it rise up on the sides of it2 turne then the cock1 and the weight of the water will force the ayer out of the pipe1 and so cause the trumpet to sound4 ,illustration ,hercules shooting at a ,dragon1 who as soone as he hath shot1 hisseth at him4 ,let there be a cestern having a partition in the midst1 in the partition let there bee a deep succur1 having a small rope fastned unto the top of it3 let the one end of the rope come out of the upper lid of the cestern1 and bee fastned unto a ball1 the other part thereof let it be put under a pulley 7fastned in the partition7 and let it be carried also out of the upper cestern1 and be fastned unto the arme of the image1 which must bee made to slip to and againe1 and to take hold of the string of a steele bow that is held in the other hand4 ,at the other end of the cestern let there bee made an artificiall image of a ,dragon1 through whose body must come a small pipe with a reed artificially fastned in the upper part thereof4 ,note then1 that when you put up the ball1 the image will draw his bow1 and when you let it fall1 the ,dragon will hisse4 ,illustration ,experiments of producing sounds by evaporation of water by ayer4 ,prepare a round vessell of brasse1 or latin1 having a crooked pipe or neck1 whereto fasten a pipe3 put this vessell upon a trevet over the fire1 and it will make a shrill whistling noyse4 ,illustration ,to make two images sacrificing1 and a ,dragon hissing4 ,prepare a cestern having an altar of brasse or tin upon it1 let there be in the cestern a hollow pipe turning up out of the cestern at each end2 also in the middle within the altar1 also on the side of the altar into the body of a dragon artificially made1 with a reed in the mouth of it4 ,let there bee two boxes at the tops of the pipes1 on the ends of the cestern1 having two crooked pipes or cranes comming out of them4 ,fill the boxes with water when you occupy it1 also put fire upon the altar1 and the dragon will hisse1 and the water in the two boxes being wrought upon by the heat of the fire comming thorow the pipes1 will drop into the fire4 ,these two boxes ought to be inclosed in the bodies of two images1 and the two short cranes comming out of them in her armes and hands4 ,illustration ,experiments of producing sounds by ,engins4 ,prepare a vessell after the forme of the figure marked with the letters ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ,d1 place it upon a frame1 as ,f1 ,g1 ,h2 this vessell must have a hole in the bottom1 with a pipe fastned in it1 as ,q1 to convay the water conteyned in it into a vessell or tub set under it1 marked with the letters ,r1 ,s1 ,t1 also a frame must bee fastned at the top of it1 as ,g1 ,h1 ,l1 having so many bels with little beaters or hammers to them 7artificially hanged7 as are requisit to expresse your desired tune4 ,lastly provide a sollid peece of timber1 whose lower part must bee fitted unto the aforesayd vessell1 so that it may easily slip up and down1 and so high as that its foot resting upon the bottom of the vessell1 the upper part thereof may stand somewhat above all the bels4 ,note likewise that that part of this wood aboue its bottom or foot must be cut away about three quarters of an inch4 ,vpon this wood thus fitted must bee fastned severall pins equall unto each bell1 from the top unto the foot thereof1 so disposed that they may orderly presse down the inward ends of the hammers of each bell1 according as the tune goeth3 when you use it1 fill the cestern almost with water1 and put the fitted peece of timber into it1 and as the water runneth out at the bottom1 it will play upon the bels3 note that it were very requisit to haue a cock fastned to the pipe on the bottom of the vessell1 that therewith you might at your pleasure stay the water4 ,the like engines might be made to play upon wyer strings disposed upon a concavous water1 to make the musick resound1 but because this description giueth light enough for the framing of diuers other1 ,i thought good here to omit them4 ,illustration ,experiments of motions by rarifying water with fire4 ,let there be an altar having a pipe comming out of it1 and entring the body of a hollow ball1 let there come out of the same ball a crane1 whose lower end make to hang ouer a bucket fastned to a rope1 and hanging ouer a pulley1 of which rope the other end must bee wound about two spindles1 hauing two doores fastned unto them1 and at the end of the same rope let there bee a waight fastned4 ,so the fire on the altar will cause the water to distill out of the ball into the bucket1 which when by reason of the water it is become heuier then the weight1 it will draw it up1 and so open the said gates or little doores4 ,illustration ,experiments of motions by rarifying ayre by fire4 ,let there be a round vessell of glasse1 or horn1 and on the top of it a vessell of brasse1 and in the midst a hollow pipe spreading it selfe into foure seuerall branches at the bottom3 the ends of two of the branches must turn up1 the ends also of two must turn down2 upon these foure branches fasten a light cord1 with seuerall images set upon it4 ,rarifie the ayre then by laying a red-hot iron upon the top of the brasse or tin vessell1 and it will turn the wheele about1 so that you would think the images to bee living creatures4 ,illustration ,another way4 ,first prepare a round peece of wood1 hauing a brasse box in the midst1 such as they make to hang the mariners compasse with1 but a good deale bigger1 round about this peece of wood fasten divers shreds of thin lattin1 standing obliquely or ascew1 as the figure doth represent2 round about these fasten a coffin of thin pastbord1 cut into seuerall formes of fishes1 birds1 beasts1 or what you please4 ,prepare a lantern with oyled parchment1 sufficient to conteine it1 in the midst of whose bottom must bee erected a spindle with a narrow point1 to hang the pastbord cut into formes upon3 upon each side let there be a socket for to set a candle in1 also let there bee made a doore in the bottom to put the candles in at1 and after to be shut1 and it is done4 ,if you set two candles in the sockets1 the heat of them will turne the whole pastbord of formes round4 ,illustration 99 99 99 99 99 ,amongst all the experiments pneumaticall1 there is none more excellent than this of the ,weather-glasse3 wherefore ,i haue laboured to describe the making thereof as plainly as it possibly might be4 ,what the ,weather-glasse is4 ,a ,weather-glasse is a structure of1 at the least1 two glasses1 sometimes of three1 foure1 or more1 as occasion serueth1 inclosing a quantity of water1 and a portion of ayre proportionable1 by whose condensation or rarifaction the included water is subject unto a continuall motion1 either upward or downward2 by which motion of the water is commonly foreshewn the state1 change1 and alteration of the weather4 ,for ,i speak no more than what mine experience hath made me bold to affirme2 you may 7the time of the yeere1 and the following obseruations understandingly considered7 bee able certainly to foretell the alteration or uncertainty of the weather a good many houres before it come to passe4 ,of the severall sorts and fashions of ,weather-glasses4 ,there are diuers seuerall fashions of ,weather-glasses1 but principally two4 #a ,the ,circular glasse4 #b ,the ,perpendicular glasse3 ,the ,perpendiculars are either single1 double1 or treble4 ,the single ,perpendiculars are of two sorts1 either fixt or moueable4 ,the fixt are of contrary qualities2 either such whose included water doth moue upward with cold1 and downward with heat1 or else upward with heat1 and downward with cold4 ,in the double and treble ,perpendiculars1 as the water ascendeth in one1 it descendeth as much or more in the other4 ,in the moueable ,perpendicular the glasse being artificially hanged1 moueth up and down with the water4 ,how to make the water4 ,i must confesse1 that any water that is not subiect unto putrifaction1 or freezing1 would serue the turne1 but ,art hath taught to make such a water as may bee both an ornament to the work1 and also delectable to the eye4 ,take two ounces of vardigrease in powder1 and infuse it so long in a pint of white wine vineger1 untill it hath a very green colour1 then poure out the vineger gently from the vardigrease3 take also a pint and a halfe of purifide ,may-dew1 and put therein #f ounces of ,roman vitreoll in grosse powder1 let it stand till the vitreoll bee throughly dissolved2 then mix this with the former water1 and strain them through a cap paper1 and put it into a cleane glasse well stopped1 and its ready for use4 ,another4 ,take a gallon of rayn water that hath setled1 infuse therein a day and a night #d pound of quick lyme2 stir it about with a cleane stick oftentimes in the day2 in the morning poure the cleere water off from the lyme1 into a brasse pan1 and adde thereto #c pound of sal armoniack2 let it stand fiue or six houres1 afterwards stir it about untill it be of a perfect blew colour1 then straine it through a browne paper rowled within a tunnell1 and reserue it for your use4 ,this water is not so good for use as the former4 ,how to make the ,circular glasse4 ,first you must prepare two glasses1 the fashion whereof let be like unto the figures marked with the letters ,a1 ,b1 and ,c1 ,d4 ,the glasse ,c1 ,d1 is open at both the ends1 also in the middle there is a neck comming up of sufficient widenesse to receiue the shank end of the glasse marked with the letters ,a1 ,b4 ,then fill the glasse ,c1 ,d1 a third part1 with either of the waters1 and diuide the glasse into so many equall parts as you would haue degrees2 rarifie the ayre in the head of the glasse ,a1 ,b1 by holding it to the fire1 which being yet warme1 reuerse the shank of it into the neck of the glasse ,c1 ,d4 ,note that if the water do not ascend high enough1 you must take the glasse ,a1 ,b1 out againe1 and heat it hotter2 if it ascend too high1 heat it not so hot4 ,if it be in the dog-dayes1 and extreme heat of summer1 #a and #b are good degrees2 if the weather be most temperate1 then #c and #d are best2 if a frost1 #i or #aj4 ,when you haue hit an indifferent degree1 lute the joynts very close1 and fasten a ribben unto the top of the glasse to hang it by4 ,in this glasse the water will with cold ascend the glasse ,a1 ,b1 with heat it will descend the glasse ,a1 ,b1 and ascend the hornes of the glasse ,c1 ,d4 ,illustration ,how to make the single perpendicular glasse1 whose water ascendeth with cold1 and descendeth with heat4 ,prepare two glasses after the fashion of these figures underset1 ,f1 ,g1 ,i1 ,i4 ,alwayes chuse those upper glasses that haue the least heads1 else they will draw the water too fast1 and presse it too low3 also let not the shank of the glasse bee too wide3 it is no matter to bee curious in chusing the lower glasse4 ,hauing prouided both these glasses1 make a frame for them about one inch longer than the shank of the glasse ,f1 ,g1 hauing a hole at the top to put the same thorow4 ,there ought to be a great deale of care had in making the frame so1 that the foot thereof may bee of a greater compasse than the top1 to the end that it may stand firm1 and not be subject to be turned down1 which will distemper the whole work4 ,after you have provided the frame1 proceed to the making of it after this manner4 ,put both the glasses into the frame1 and then divide the shank of the glasse ,f1 ,g1 into so many equall parts as you would haue it haue degrees2 write figures upon paper1 and paste them on 7with gum tragagant dissolued in faire water27 then fill the bottom glasse #b thirds with the water1 and rarifie the ayre in the glasse ,f1 ,g1 so often untill you haue hit such a degree as is most fitting for the temper of the weather1 put in a little crooked hollow cane for the ayre to passe in and out at1 but let it not touch the water3 then stop it about the joynts of the glasse with good cement1 that nothing may come out4 ,make an artificiall rock about it1 with peeces of cork dipt in glew1 and rowled in this following powder1 and it is done4 ,illustration ,the powder for the rock4 ,take mother of ,pearle #b pound1 small red ,corall di4 pound1 ,antimony crude #d ounces1 and make a grosse powder of them4 ,to make the single perpendicular glasse1 ascending with heat1 and descending with cold4 ,prepare two glasses after the fashion of the figure ,a1 ,b1 and ,c1 ,d3 let the glasse ,a1 ,b1 haue a small pinhole at or about the top of all1 and let the glasse ,c1 ,d1 haue besides the hole at the top1 another hole at the bottom with a short pipe4 ,prouide such a frame for this as you did before for the other2 then put the glasses into it1 fasten the bottom glasse to the bottom of the frame1 hauing a hole at the bottom1 thorow which the pipe of the glasse ,c1 ,d1 may passe1 fit a cork unto it3 then lute the two glasses together1 so that no ayre may passe between the joyning2 divide then the shank into so many degrees as you please1 and figure it as before ,i taught you1 then with the heat of a candle1 rarifie the ayre in the glasse ,c1 ,d1 and fill it a third part full of water1 and then put the cork fast in4 ,note that if the first heating of the glasse rayse not the water unto your content1 you must repeat it over and over1 untill it doe3 when it is sufficient1 then stop the cork in very firm1 that no water may come out1 and it is made4 ,illustration ,how to make the double perpendicular glasse4 ,prepare two glasses like unto the figure marked with the letters ,a1 ,b1 the one of them must have a small hole in or about the head thereof4 ,prepare likewise for the bottom a vessell of the fashion of the figure ,g1 ,h1 having two mouthes1 at each end one1 also a cocke in the middle1 as ,k3 divide then the shank of the glasse without the hole in the top1 into equall parts1 and set figures upon it3 next lute them both fast into the necks of the bottom vessell4 7,but first remember to put them in a frame37 when the cement is dry turn the cock of the bottom vessell1 and rarify the ayre in the glasse that hath no hole at the top2 then set the bottom vessell a little way into a vessell filled with water1 and it will suck up the water as it cooleth1 when the bottom vessell is full1 also the water mounted in that top glasse without a vent1 up to a fitting degree2 7the temper of the weather regarded7 then depresse 7but gently7 the glasses into the vessell of water1 untill the water be come up into the glasse with the vent at the top sufficiently1 that is1 so that in both the glasses may bee contained so much water as will fill the shank of one1 and about #b or #c degrees of the other2 then turne the cock1 and take away the vessell of water from under them1 let them down1 and fasten the bottom vessell unto the bottom of the frame1 and make a rock about it1 or else what other works you please1 that the art may not be discerned4 ,lastly1 set figures upon both1 but first upon that without the vent1 beginning from the bottom1 and proceeding upwards1 then lay your hand upon the head of it1 which will depresse the water1 which when it commeth equall to the degrees1 paste the same degree on the place of the water in the other glasse with the vent1 and it is done4 ,illustration ,how to make the treble perpendicular glasse4 ,after the same manner is the treble glasse made3 but whereas in the double glasse there was but one glasse that had a vent at the top1 there is two in this1 both whose shanks must contain the iust quantity of water that the glasse without the vent will containe4 ,if you do well obserue the form of the subsequent figure1 you cannot goe amisse4 ,illustration ,how to make the moveable perpendicular glasse4 ,first prepare the glasse ,a1 ,b1 fill it almost top-full of water1 provide also the glasse ,k1 ,l1 having a loop at the top of it3 divide it into so many equall parts as you would haue degrees1 and on the mouth thereof fasten a thin board1 that will easily slip in and out of the bottom glasse1 make then a waight of lead or brasse somewhat heavier than both the glasse and board fastned thereto2 and then tie a little rope to the loop of the glasse ,a1 ,b1 and the waight at the other end thereof4 ,rarify the ayre contained in the glasse ,l1 and reverse it into the glasse ,a1 ,b1 filled with water1 and hang the plummet over two little pulleys fastned in a frame made for the purpose1 and as the glasse ,k1 ,l1 cooleth1 the water will ascend the same1 and so by the change of the outward both the glasse and water will move accordingly4 ,illustration ,of the use of all the severall sorts of ,weather-glasses4 ,albeit the formes of ,weather-glasses are divers1 according to the fancy of the ,artist1 yet the use of all is one and the same3 to wit1 to demonstrate the state1 and temper of the season1 whether hot or cold2 as also to foreshew the change and alteration thereof4 #a ,note therefore1 that the nature and property of the water in all the glasses that have no vent holes at the top1 is1 to ascend with cold1 and descend with heat4 ,but in them that have vents1 it descendeth as much as it ascendeth in these4 #b ,the sudden falling of the water is an evident token of rayne4 #c ,the continuance of the water at any one degree1 is a certaine token that the weather will continue at that stay it is then at1 whether it be fayre1 or foule1 frost or snow4 ,but when the water either riseth or falleth1 the weather will then presently change4 #d ,the uncertaine motion of the water is a signe of fickle weather4 ,the single perpendicular with a vent1 moveth upwards with cold1 and downwards with heat1 and is quite contrary in quality to the former1 only that it moveth uncertainly in fickle and uncertaine weather1 and keepeth a constant place in stayed weather4 ,these rules are all certaine and true3 now you may according to your owne observation frame other rules1 whereby you may foretell the change of the weather the water being at any one degree whatsoeuer4 ,a ,water-clock1 or a ,glasse shewing the houre of the day4 ,let there be provided a deepe vessell of earth1 or any thing else1 that will hold water1 as ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ,d1 provide also a glasse made after the fashion of the figure marked with the letters ,e1 ,f1 ,g4 ,it must bee open at the bottom1 and haue also a small hole at the top1 thorow which if you can but put the point of a needle1 it is sufficient4 ,this glasse must not bee so long as the vessell is deepe1 by about two inches4 ,then take a iust measure of the length of the glasse ,e1 ,f1 ,g1 and set it on the inside of the vessell ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ,d1 from the bottom towards the top1 and then make a rase round about the vessell2 there must bee fitted unto this earthen vessell1 a pipe reaching from the top of the outside thereof1 7where there must bee a cock unto it7 and going to the bottom1 where it entreth the same1 and againe extendeth it selfe almost unto the circle or mark rased on the vessell ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ,d4 ,fill then the vessell with fayre water up to the rase1 or circle1 and turne the cock1 and put the glasse into the water1 and you shall see that the glasse by reason of its heavinesse1 will tend toward the bottom of the vessell1 but very slowly1 by reason that the ayre contained therein hath so small a vent3 turne an houre-glasse1 and at the end of each houre make a mark upon the glasse equall with the water1 and it is done4 ,when the glasse is quite sunke to the bottom of the water1 turn the cock1 and with one blast of your mouth at the pipe1 it will ascend againe4 ,illustration ,another fashioned one4 ,prepare a vessell1 as ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ,d1 having a very small cock unto it1 whose passage ought to bee so small1 as that the water might issue out but by drops4 ,prepare likewise a vessell1 as ,e1 ,f1 ,g1 ,h1 having at one end of it a piller of a foot and a halfe1 or two foot high3 let there be fitted unto this vessell a board1 so that it may freely without stay1 slip up and down3 towards one side of this board1 there must be a good big hole1 which must bee placed under the cock of the other vessell4 ,then fasten unto the top of this board1 the image of ,time or ,death1 and pointing with a dart upon the piller aforesaid3 turn then an houre glasse1 and at the end of every houre make a figure on the place of the piller that the image with his dart pointeth at1 and it is made4 ,for note1 the dropping of the water out of the cock thorow the hole of the board whereon the image standeth1 causeth the same to ascend by little and little4 ,mark the figures4 ,illustration ,another artificiall ,water-clock1 which may bee set conveniently in a double ,weather-glasse4 ,first prepare a cestern1 as ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ,d1 partition in the middle1 let there bee made two pipes1 the one whereof must reach out of the upper cestern1 and descend almost to the bottom of the lowest cestern1 as ,i1 ,k2 the other must be a short one1 and haue a very small hole1 that the water may thereby issue out of the upper cestern but by drops2 also at the side nigh the bottom of the upper cestern1 let a small pipe enter4 ,to the upper cestern fit a board1 7with a peece of lead nayled upon it to make it somewhat heavy7 so that it may easily slip up and downe in it2 this board must haue a loop to fasten a rope unto1 and you must so poyse the said board1 that it being hung up by a line1 may hang even1 and levell4 ,then prepare a box to put ouer the cestern1 which ought to stand about six inches aboue the cestern4 ,in the top of this box let there be fastned a long pulley with a creuice to put a small rope ouer1 in this creuice it were fitting to fasten small pins1 to the end that the rope might turn the sayd wheele as the water faleth from under the board3 let the spindle of this pulley come out at one side of the box whereon there is a ,dyall drawn1 contayning so many houres as you would haue it go for2 unto this end of the spindle let there bee fitted a needle1 or director1 to shew the houre1 then put a small cord ouer the pulley in the box1 fasten one end thereof to the loop of the board1 and at the other end let there bee tied a waight not quite so heauy as the board1 then fill the upper cestern with water1 and the board will presse it out into the lower vessell1 at the pipe ,o1 drop by drop1 and as the board sinketh lower1 it will by meanes of the rope upon the pulley1 turne the index fastned unto the spindle of the pulley about the dyall2 you may set it by an houre-glasse or ,watch3 when it is quite downe1 if you doe with your mouth blow into the pipe at the side of the cestern1 the water will all mount up againe into the upper cestern4 ,illustration ,a wheele which being turned about1 it casteth water out at the spindle4 ,let ,a1 ,b1 be a tub hauing in the bottom a brasse barrell1 with a hole open quite through one side of it3 let ,d1 ,e1 ,f1 be a wheele1 whose spindle must bee also hollow1 and haue a hole through one side of it1 so that being put into the hollow barrell1 both the holes may be equall together4 ,note then1 that so long as these holes are equall together1 the water will run out at the spindle of the tub1 but if you turne the wheele to another side1 it will not run4 ,illustration ,a water-presser1 or the mounting of water by compression4 ,let there bee prouided a barrell of brasse1 of what length and widenesse you please1 let it bee exactly smooth within1 and very tight at bottom2 unto this barrell fit a plug of wood leathered about1 and let there bee made diuers small holes quite through it1 wherein fasten diuers formes and shapes of birds1 beasts1 or fishes1 hauing very small pin-holes through them1 for the water to spin out at3 you shall do well to make this plug very heavy1 either by pouring molten lead into certaine holes made for the purpose1 or else by fastning some waight unto the top3 fill the barrell with water1 and put the plug into it1 which lying so heavy upon the water1 it will make it spin out at the pin-holes of the images placed thereupon4 ,illustration ,how to compose a great or little peece of ,water-worke4 ,first prepare a table1 whereupon erect a strong frame1 and round about the frame make a moat with a leaden cestern to be filled with water2 let the leaden moat somewhat undermine as it were the frame1 which ought to be built in three stories1 one aboue another1 and euery one lesser than another4 ,within the middle story fasten a very strong ,iack that goeth with a waight1 or a strong spring1 the ending of whose spindles ought to be crooked1 thus ,z1 whereby diuers sweeps for pumps may bee moued to and againe1 whose pumps must go down into the moat1 and haue small succurs unto them1 and convayances towards their tops1 whereat the water may be mounted into diuers cesterns1 out of some wherof there may be made convayances in their bottoms1 by small pipes running down into the riuer or moat again1 and there breaking out in the fashions and formes of ,dragons1 ,swans1 ,whales1 ,flowers1 and such like pretty conceits3 out of others the water may fall upon wheeles1 out of whose spindles1 the water turning round1 may bee made to run4 ,in the uppermost story of all1 let there bee made the forcer by ayre1 as ,i taught before1 or else a presser1 hauing at the top1 ,neptune riding on a ,whale1 out of whose nostrils1 as also out of ,neptunes ,trident1 the water may be made to spin through small pin-holes2 you may also make diuers motions about this work1 but for that the multitude of figures would rather confound than instruct the ,reader1 ,i haue of purpose omitted them4 ,illustration ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,the ,,second ,,booke1 ,teaching most plainly1 and withall most exactly1 the composing of all manner of ,fire-works for ,triumph and ,recreation4 ,by ,i4,b4 ,illustration ,,london1 ,printed by ,thomas ,harper for ,ralph ,mab4 #afcd4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illustration ,to the ,reader4 ,courteous ,reader1 there hath a desistance been occasioned since the inception of this work1 by reason of the occurrence of certaine ,authours1 that contrary unto my knowledge had laboured so fully herein2 but after consideration had 7that for the most part they were but translations7 ,i thought it might bee no lesse lawfull and commendable for mee than for others1 to communicate unto such as are yet desirous of further information1 that wherein ,i haue bestowed both cost and paines4 ,notwithstanding1 ,i haue so used the matter1 as that ,i might not derogate from the estimation had of others to increase mine owne4 ,read it throughly1 iudge indifferently1 and if thou likest it1 practise considerately4 ,if thou art ignorant herein1 ,i am sure it will instruct thee1 and though well experienced 7which perhaps thou art7 ,i make no question1 but that thou mayst finde somewhat which thou hast not heard of before2 ,so farewell4 ,your ,welwiller ,i4,b4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illustration ,of ,fire-workes4 ,i haue euer found 7in conference with diuers desirous of instruction in any ,art or ,science whatsoeuer7 that the summe and chiefest end of all hath been1 to know the reasons and causes of those things they were desirous to be informed in4 ,wherefore ,i thought good1 before ,i came to the matter it selfe1 to set down some few ,prcognita or ,principles 7as ,i may so call them7 whereby such as are ingenious1 upon occasion1 may informe themselues1 if they stand in doubt of the cause of any thing that is heereafter taught4 ,certayne ,prcognita or ,principles wherein are contayned the causes and reasons of that which is taught in this ,booke4 #a ,the foure ,elements1 ,fire1 ,ayre1 ,earth1 and ,water1 are the prima principia 7,i meane the materialls7 whereof euery sublunary body is composed1 and into the which it is at last dissolued4 #b ,euery thing finding a dissolution of those natur caten1 that is1 meanes whereby their principia are connected1 and ioyned together1 their lighter parts ascend upward1 and these that are more grosse and heauy1 doe the contrary4 #c ,it is impossible for one and the selfe same body to possesse at one time two places2 ,it followeth therefore1 that a dense body rarified1 and made thin1 eyther by actuall or potentiall fire1 requireth a greater quantity of room to be conteyned in1 then it did before4 ,hence it is1 that if you lay your hand upon a glasse1 hauing a straight mouth reuerst into a dish of water1 it rarifieth the ayre contayned therein1 and makes it breake out thorough the water in bubbles4 ,also1 that gunpowder inclosed in the barrell of a gun1 being rarified by fire1 applied unto the touch-hole1 it seeketh a greater quantity of roome1 and therefore forceth the bullet out of the barrell4 ,this is called violent motion4 #d ,according unto the strength and quantity of a dense body rarified1 and according unto the forme and length of its inclosure1 it forceth its compresser further or neerer at hand4 ,thus much shall suffice to haue spoken concerning the ,prcognita3 ,now ,i will passe ad majora1 ad magis necessaria3 to wit1 those necessary ,instruments1 and seuerall sorts of ,ingredients1 that ought to be had in readines4 ,as for the instruments they are these2 ,morters and ,pestles1 ,serces1 also seuerall sorts of ,formers1 ,paper1 ,parchment1 ,canuas1 ,whipcord1 strong binding thread1 ,glew1 ,rosin1 ,pitch1 with diuers vessells meet to contayne and mingle your compositions in4 ,the ingredients likewise are chiefly these1 ,saltpeter1 ,rochpeter1 ,sulpher1 ,charcoale1 good ,gunpowder1 ,filings of steele1 oyle of ,peter1 and ,spirit of wine4 ,instructions for chusing your ingredients4 ,saltpeter is very good1 if that being layd upon a board1 and fire put to1 it rise with a flamed ventosous exhalation1 raysing no scum1 nor leauing no pearle1 but onely a blacke specke burnt into the boord4 ,the best brimstone1 is quick brimstone1 or liue sulphur1 and that sort is best that breaketh whitest2 if this cannot be gotten1 take of the whitest yellow brimstone4 ,the best ,coales for use are the sallow1 willow1 hazel and beech2 onely see they be well burnt4 ,euery of these ingredients must be powdred finely and searsed4 ,all kindes of gunpowder are made of these ingredients imposed1 or incorporated with vineger1 or aquauit1 and afterward grayned by art4 ,the ,saltpeter is the ,soul1 the ,sulphur the ,life1 and the ,coales the ,body of it4 ,the best sort of powder may be distinguished from others1 by these signes3 #a ,if it be bright and incline to a blewish colour4 #b ,if in the handling it proue not moyst but auoydeth quickely4 #c ,if being fired1 it flash quickly1 and leaue no dregs nor setlings behinde it4 ,a device to try the strength of divers sorts of ,gunpowder4 ,illustration ,if so be you haue at any time diuers sorts of ,gunpowder1 and it is your desire to know which of them is the strongest1 then you must prepare a box1 as ,a1 ,b1 being foure inches high1 and about two inches wide1 hauing a lid ioynted unto it4 ,the box ought to be made of iron1 brasse1 or copper1 and to bee fastned unto a good thick plank1 and to haue a touch-hole at the bottom1 as ,o1 and that end of the box where the hinge of the lid is1 there must stand up from the box a peece of iron or brasse1 in length answerable unto the lid of the box3 this peece of iron must haue a hole quite through it1 towards the top1 and a spring1 as1 ,a1 ,g1 must bee screwed or riueted1 so that the one end may couer the sayd hole4 ,on the top of all this iron1 or brasse that standeth up from the box1 there must bee ioynted a peece of iron 7made as you see in the figure7 the hinder part of which is bent downward1 and entreth the hole that the spring couereth2 the other part resteth upon the lid of the box4 ,open this box lid1 and put in a quantity of powder1 and then shut the lid down1 and put fire to the touch hole at the bottom1 and the powder in the box being fired1 will blow the box lid up the notches more or lesse1 according as the strength of the powder is3 so by firing the same quantity of diuers kindes of powders at seuerall times1 you may know which is the strongest4 ,now perhaps it will bee expected that ,i should speak of the making of ,saltpeter1 ,gunpowder1 ,coales1 with the refining of ,sulphur3 but because they are so commonly to bee had1 and to bee bought at better rates than ,i know they can bee made by any that intend it for their priuate use1 ,i haue forborne it3 ,there are diuers ,i am sure that would willingly bee in action3 ,i haue thought fitting therefore to set downe the collection of naturall ,saltpeter1 which is a kinde of white excrescence growing upon stone-wals1 and 7as ,i haue seene great store7 in the arches of stone-bridges4 ,first therefore gather this white excrescence1 and adde unto it ,quick-lyme1 and ,ashes1 mingle them1 and put them into a halfe-tub that hath a hole to draw the liquor out at2 then put into this halfe-tub warm water1 and let it stand untill all the peter be dissolued2 let it then drain out at the hole by little and little1 and if the liquor be not cleere1 double a brown paper1 and put it within a tunnell1 and straine the liquor through it4 ,then boyle it and scum it untill it bee ready to congeale1 neither too hard1 nor yet too tender3 then take it from the fire1 and put it into shallow vessels1 either of earth or brasse2 set them in a cold place two or three dayes1 and it will shoot into isicles1 and this is called ,rochpeter4 ,thus much for the ingredients4 ,now ,i am come unto the ,formers1 the number whereof ,i cannot certainly determine1 because it dependeth upon the variety of each particular persons inuention4 ,now that ,i may formally proceed1 ,i will first make some distinction of each kinde in generall2 and then ,i will speak of euery particular contained in each generall4 ,fire-works are of #c sorts4 #a ,such as operate in the ayre1 as ,rockets1 ,serpents1 ,raining fire1 ,stars1 ,petards1 ,dragons1 ,fire-drakes1 ,feinds1 ,gyronels1 or ,fire-wheeles1 ,balloons4 #b ,such as operate upon the earth1 as ,crackers1 ,trunks1 ,lanterns1 ,lights1 ,tumbling bals1 ,saucissons1 ,towers1 ,castles1 ,pyramids1 ,clubs1 ,lances1 ,targets4 #c ,such as burn in or on the water1 as ,rockets1 ,dolphins1 ,ships1 ,tumbling bals4 ,part of either of the three kindes are simple1 and part are compounded2 part also are fixed1 and part moueable4 ,first ,i will treat of the diuers compositions1 and then of the ,formers1 ,coffins1 and manner of composing euery of them4 ,of the divers compositions of fire workes4 ,first of the compositions of fire workes1 for the ayre2 and therein first ,i will speake of the compositions for rockets1 because that all moueable fireworkes haue their motion from the force of them accordingly applied4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,compositions for ,rockets of all sizes according unto the prescription of the noted ,professors1 ,mr ,malthus1 ,mr ,norton1 and the ,french ,authour1 ,des recreationes ,mathematiques4 ,a ,composition for ,rockets of one ounce4 ,take of gunpowder1 saltpeter and charcoale1 of each one ounce and a halfe1 mingle them together1 and it is done4 ,note heere1 as ,i told you before1 that all your ingredients ought to be first powdred by themselues1 and afterwards mixed very well together4 ,a ,composition for ,rockets of two and three ounces4 ,take of gunpowder fowre ounces and a halfe1 saltpeter one ounce1 mixe them together4 ,a ,composition for ,rockets of foure ounces4 ,take of gunpowder fowre pounds1 saltpeter one pound1 charcoale fowre ounces1 mingle them together4 ,a ,composition for ,rockets of fowre ounces4 ,take of gunpowder fowre poundes1 saltpeter one pound1 charcoale fowre ounces1 brimstone halfe an ounce1 mingle them together4 ,a ,composition for all middle sized ,rockets4 ,take of gunpowder one pound1 two ounces of charcoales2 mingle them4 ,a ,composition for ,rockets of five or six ounces4 ,take of gunpowder two pound fiue ounces1 of saltpeter halfe a pound1 of charcoale six ounces1 of brimstone and yron scales1 of each two ounces1 mingle them4 ,a ,composition for ,rockets of ten or twelve ounces4 ,take of gunpowder one pound and one ounce1 saltpeter fowre ounces1 brimstone three ounces and a halfe1 charcoale one ounce1 mingle them4 ,a ,composition for ,rockets of one pound1 or two4 ,take of saltpeter twelue ounces1 gunpowder twenty ounces1 and charcoale three ounces1 quicke brimstone and scales of yron1 of each one ounce1 mingle them4 ,a ,composition for ,rockets of eight1 nine and tenne pounds4 ,take saltpeter eight pounds1 charcoale two pounds twelue ounces1 brimstone one pound fowre ounces4 ,note that no practitioner 7how exact soeuer7 ought to relie upon a receipt1 but first to trie one rocket1 and if that be too weake adde more gunpowder1 if it be too strong let him adde more charcoale untill hee finde them flie according unto his desire4 ,note that the charcoale is only to mitigate the violence of the powder1 and to make the tayle of the rocket appeare more beautifull4 ,note also that the smaller the rockets be1 they need the quicker receipts1 and that in great rockets1 there needeth not any gunpowder at all4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,the ,composition for middle sized ,rockets may serve for ,serpents1 and for rayning fire1 or else the receipt for ,rockets on the ground1 which followeth heereafter4 ,compositions for ,starres4 ,take saltpeter one pound1 brimstone halfe a pound1 gunpowder fowre ounces1 this must be bound up in paper or little ragges1 and afterwards primed4 ,another receipt for ,starres4 ,take of saltpeter one pound1 gunpowder and brimston of each halfe a pound2 these must be mixed together1 and of them make a paste1 with a sufficient quantity of oile of peter1 or else of fayre water2 of this paste you shall make little balles1 and roll them in drie gunpowder dust2 then drie them1 and keepe them for your occasions4 ,another4 ,take a quarter of a pinte of aqua vit1 and dissolue therein one ounce1 and a halfe of camphire1 and dip therin cotten bumbast1 and afterwards roule it up into little balles2 afterwards rowle them in powder of quick brimstone1 and reserue them for use4 ,another receipt for ,starres1 whereof you may make fiends and divers apparitions according unto your fancie4 ,take gum dragant1 put it into an yron pan1 and rost it in the embers2 then powder it1 and dissolve it afterwards in aqua vit1 and it will become a jellie1 then straine it2 dissolve also camphire in other aqua vit4 ,mixe both these dissolutions together1 and sprinkle therein this following powder4 ,take saltpeter one pound1 brimstone halfe a pound1 gunpowder three pound1 charcoale halfe a pound2 when you have mingled and stirred them well together1 mixe them well with the aforesayd jelly1 and then make it into little balles1 or into what fashion else you please1 then cool them in gunpowder dust1 and keepe them for use4 ,compositions for receipts of fireworkes1 that operate upon the earth4 ,for ,rockets there needeth onely gunpowder finely beaten and searced4 ,likewise for all the other sorts1 searced gunpowder will serue1 which may be abated1 or alayed with charcoal dust at your pleasure4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,compositions for fireworkes that burne upon1 or in the water4 ,a ,receipt for ,rockets that burne upon the water4 ,take of saltpeter one pound1 brimstone halfe a pound1 gunpowder halfe a pound1 charcoales two ounces4 ,this composition will make the ,rockets appeare with a great fiery tayle4 ,if you desire to have it burne cleare1 then take of saltpeter one pound1 three ounces of gunnepowder1 brimstone halfe a pound4 ,a ,receipt of a composition that will burne1 and feed upon the water4 ,take masticke halfe a pound1 white ,frankincense1 gum sandrake1 quickelime1 brimstone1 bitumen1 camphire1 and gunpowder1 of each one pound and a halfe1 rosin one pound1 saltpeter fowre pounds and a halfe1 mixe them all together4 ,a ,receipt of a composition that will burne under water4 ,take brimstone one pound1 gunpowder nine ounces1 refined saltpeter one pound and a halfe1 camphire beaten with ,sulphur1 and ,quicksilver2 mixe them well together with oyle of peter1 or linseed oyle boyled1 untill it will scald a feather4 ,fill a canvas ball with this composition1 arme it1 and ballast it with lead at the bottome1 make the vent at the top1 fire it well and cast it into the water1 and it will fume and boyle up slowly4 ,a ,receipt of a ,composition that will kindle with the water4 ,take of oyle of ,tile one pound1 ,linseed oyle three pounds1 oyle of the yelks of egges one pound1 new quick lime eight pounds1 brimstone two pounds1 camphire fowr ounces1 bitumen two ounces2 mingle all together4 ,another4 ,take of ,roch peter one pound1 flowre of brimstone nine ounces1 coales of rotten wood six ounces1 camphire one ounce and a halfe1 oyle of egges1 and oyle of ,tile enough to make the mixture into a paste4 ,or take callamita one pound1 sal niter and asphaltum1 of each fowre ounces1 quicke brimstone three ounces1 liquid varnish sixe ounces2 make them all into a paste4 ,put eyther of these compositions into a pot wherein is quick lime1 so that the lime come round about the past2 then lute it fast1 binde it close with wires1 and set it in a limekiln a whole baking time1 and it will become a stone that any moysture will kindle4 ,illustration ,another4 ,if you make a little hole in the top of an egge1 and let out all the meat1 and fill the shell with the following powder1 and stop the hole with wax1 and cast it into a running water1 it will break out into a fire4 ,take of salt-niter1 brimstone1 and quick-lyme1 of each a like quantity1 mix them4 ,illustration ,how to make stouple1 or prepare cotten-week to prime your fire-works with4 ,take cotten-week1 such as the ,chandlers use for candles1 double it six or seuen times double1 and wet it throughly in saltpeter water1 or aqua vit1 wherein some camphire hath been dissolued1 or1 for want of either1 in faire water2 cut it into diuers peeces1 rowle it in mealed gunpowder1 or powder and sulphur2 then dry them in the ,sun1 and reserue them in a box where they may lie straight1 to prime ,starres1 ,rockets1 or any other fire-works4 ,how to know the true time1 that any quantity of fired ,gun-match that shall doe an exployt at a time desired4 ,take common gun-match1 rub1 or beat the same a little against a post to soften it2 then either dip the same in salt peter water1 and drie it againe in the ,sunne1 or else rub it in a little powder and brimstone beaten very small1 and made liquid with a little aqua vit1 and dried afterwards2 trie first how long one yard of match thus prepared will burne1 which suppose to be a quarter of an howr1 then fowre yards will be a iust howre4 ,take therefore as much of this match as will burne so long as you will haue it to be ere your worke should fire1 binde the one end unto your worke1 lay loose powder under1 and about it lay the rest of the match in hollow1 or turning so that one part of it touch not another1 and then fire it4 ,a ,water called ,aqua ,ardens4 ,take old red wine1 put it into a glased vessell1 and put into it of orpment one pound1 quicke sulphur halfe a pound1 quicke lime a quarter of a pound2 mingle them very well1 and afterwards distill them in a rosewater still3 a cloth being wet in this water will burne like a candle1 and will not be quenched with water4 ,the ,formers are instruments wherewith the coffins for the fireworkes are made and formed1 whereof in order2 and first for ,rockets that operate in the ayre4 ,the ,formers for ,rockets consist of two parts1 represented by the two next figures following1 the uppermost whereof representeth the body of the ,former1 which must bee made of ,maple1 ,walnut tree1 or of other close well seasoned wood1 seven inches1 wanting halfe a quarter in length1 turned equally1 and exactly hollow quite through1 the diameter of whose hollownesse1 represented by the line at the top marked at each end with a1 e1 must bee one inch and a quarter2 the breech of the former is represented by the lowest figure1 the upper part wherof1 must be made to enter the body of the ,former2 the height of the whole breech1 beside the broach is #c inches and a halfe2 it entreth the body of the ,former1 one inch and three quarters2 the top of it must be made like a halfe nutmeg1 in the midst whereof 7as ,mr4 ,malthus and des recreationes ,mathematiques7 there must bee fastned an yron broach two inches and a halfe long3 then put the breech into the body1 and pierce them both quite through as the figures doe represent at ,g and ,h2 then make a pin as ,k1 ,l1 to pinne them both together1 which must bee made to take out at pleasure3 then marke both the body and breech neere the said hole with this or any other marke1 that you may thereby know how to fit them afterwards4 ,illustration ,illustration ,the next figure marked with ,m1 ,n1 doeth expresse both the parts of the ,former pinned together2 unto this ,former there must be made one ,rowler expressed by the figure ,a2 also two rammers expressed by the figures ,g ,h2 they must all of them be turned very even and smooth2 let the diameter of the thicknesse of the rowler expressed by the line on the top marked ,i ,i1 be three quarters of an inch1 let it be eight inches long from ,i1 to #b1 and have a hole bored in the very midst of the end1 so wide and so deep1 that all the broach of the former may enter the same3 this is to rowle the coffin of paper and upon4 ,the first rammer noted with the figure ,g1 must bee seuen inches and a halfe long1 from #c to #d1 and haue a hole at the end of it1 as the rowler had2 this rammer is to ram the composition into the former 7hauing the coffin in it7 untill it bee raysed aboue the broach4 ,the second rammer noted with the figure ,h1 must be fiue inches and three quarter long from #e to #f1 and it must haue no hole at the top as the other had2 it serueth to ram the composition into the coffin1 when it is once raysed aboue the broach4 ,the diameter of the thicknesse of these two rammers must be a thought lesse than the diameter of the rowler1 to the end they may not hurt the coffin1 being driuen in4 ,now to make the coffins you must take paper1 parchment1 or strong canuasse1 rowle it hard upon the rowler1 so often untill it will go stiffe into the body of the ,former3 then thrust it rowler and all through the sayd hollow body of the ,former2 put then the broach of the formers breech into the hole of the rowler1 and with a peece of strong packthred choake the coffin within halfe an inch of the rowlers end 7which you may do best1 and with most ease1 if you first dip the end of the coffin into fayre water1 so that it may be wet quite through7 after you haue choaked the coffin1 you must thrust the breech of the former1 the coffin also with the rowler in it1 up into the body of the former3 then pin the breech fast to the body of the former with the pin1 and on the rowler giue one stroak or two with a mallet lightly1 then unpin the breech1 and with the rowler thrust the coffin out of the bottom of the former1 lay it by untill the end be dry4 ,thus you may at leisure times make diuers coffins ready to use upon any occasion4 ,the following figure expresseth an empty coffin4 ,illustration ,take one of these coffins1 put it into the ,former1 and take the composition for middle-sized rockets 7mentioned before7 and put thereof spoonfull after spoonfull1 untill you haue filled the coffin unto the top of the former1 after the putting of euery second spoonfull into the coffin1 with a mallet giue two or three blowes upon the head of the rammer1 that the composition may bee well rammed into the coffin3 euery third or fourth driuing ,m4 ,norton wisheth 7if the rockets are to be fired in three or foure dayes7 to dip the rammer in gum-dragant1 and camphir dissolued in spirit of wine1 or good aquavit3 but if it will bee a month before they will bee fired1 then dip the rammer in oyle of peter1 or liquid varnish1 and linseed oyle mixed together3 ,if you would haue the rocket to giue a report or blow1 then within one diameter of the top1 driue a bottom of leather1 or six or eight double of paper1 pierce and prime either of them through in three or foure places1 and fill the rest of the coffin with whole gunpowder2 afterwards driue another bottom of leather1 and then with strong packthred choak the coffin close unto it3 then take the rocket out of the ,former1 and prime it at the broach-hole with a peece of prepared stouple1 and binde unto it a straight rod #f or #g times the length of the rocket1 and so heavy1 that being put on your finger1 it may ballast the rocket within two or three diameters of the same3 mark the following figure1 which represents a rocket ready made and finished1 ,a1 ,b1 the rocket1 ,c1 the stouple that primeth it1 ,d1 ,e1 ,f1 the rod bound unto the rocket with two strings1 ,g1 ,h1 ,i1 the hand that poyseth it4 ,illustration ,how to make ,serpents4 ,the coffins for serpents are made of paper rowled nine or ten times upon a rowler not much thicker than a goose quill1 and about foure inches long4 ,the coffins must bee choaked almost in the midst1 but so that there may bee a little hole1 through which one may see3 the longest part of the coffins for ,serpents must be filled with the composition specified before3 if you would haue it wamble in the ayre1 then choak it not after the composition1 but if you would haue it wamble1 then halfe-choak it1 as is demonstrated by the following figure1 the shorter end of the coffin must bee filled with whole gunpowder1 and choaked quite up1 as appeareth at ,b1 in the figure ,m1 ,n1 ,o1 which is the figure of a ,serpent ready made4 ,illustration ,how to make rayning fire4 ,take diuers goose quils1 and cut off the hollow ends of them1 and fill them with the composition before mentioned1 stopping them afterwards with a little wet gunpowder1 that the dry composition may not fall out4 ,how to make starres4 ,i haue sufficiently taught the making of these in describing their compositions1 wherefore ,i will now onely present the figures of them unto your view2 ,a1 ,a1 signifieth two that are bound up in paper or cloth1 and peirced1 and primed with stouple3 the other two1 ,e1 ,e1 signifie those that are made up without paper1 and need no priming more than the powder or sulphur dust that they are rowled in4 ,illustration ,how to make ,petards4 ,you must make the coffins for them either of white yron1 or else of paper1 or parchment rowled upon a ,former for the purpose1 and afterwards fitted with a couer1 which must be glewed on3 these coffins must be filled with whole gunpowder1 and peirced in the midst of the broad end1 and primed thereat with prepared stouple2 the paper ones must be couered all ouer with glew1 and the peirced4 ,the figure of a ,petard ready made1 and primed1 is signified by the figure ,e4 ,illustration ,how to make compounded ,rockets4 ,first you must make the ,rocket ,i taught you before2 you must not choake the end of it1 but eyther double downe halfe the coffin1 and with the rammer and a mallet1 give it one or two good blowes3 then with a bodkin pierce the paper unto the composition1 or else drive a bottome of leather fitted unto the bore of the ,rocket1 and pierce it through in two or three places2 then pare or cut off the coffin equall thereunto2 to this end of the rocket you must binde a coffin wider a great deale then the ,rocket is2 strew into it a little gunpowder dust1 that it may cover the bottome of this coffin1 and put therein with their mouthes downeward eyther golden rayne1 or serpents1 or both2 also starres1 or petards2 you must put some gunpowder dust among these2 when you have filled the coffin with these or such like1 cover the top of it with a peece of paper1 and paste upon that a picked crowned paper1 balast it with a rod1 and it is finished2 the figure followeth4 ,illustration ,how to make fiends1 or fearefull apparitions4 ,these must bee made of the compositions for ,starres1 wrought upon cotton weeke dipped in aqua vit1 wherein camphire hath beene dissolved1 and after what fashions your fancy doth most affect4 ,how to make fire ,boxes4 ,you must make the coffins for fire ,boxes of paste-board1 rowled upon a ,former1 of what bignesse you list2 then binde them about with packthread1 and glew over the cords2 also glew bottoms unto them1 which must be pierced with a bodkin to prime them at4 ,in these boxes you may put golden rayne1 starres1 serpents1 petrars1 fiends1 devils4 ,the tops of these fire boxes must bee covered with paper as the compound ,rockets4 ,note that you must strew gunpowder dust a pretty thicknesse on the bottome of the fire-boxes1 and prime the hole at the bottome with prepared stouple4 ,illustration ,how to make ,swevels4 ,swevels are nothing else but ,rockets1 having in stead of a rod 7to ballast them7 a little cane bound fast unto them1 where through the rope passeth4 ,note that you must be carefull to have your line strong1 even smooth1 and it must be rubd over with sope that it may not burn4 ,if you would have your ,rockets to returne againe1 then binde two ,rockets together1 with the breech of one towards the mouth of the other1 and let the stouple that primeth the one1 enter the breech of the other2 both kinds are expressed by the figures1 the uppermost whereof representeth the single one2 ,a ,b signifieth the ,rocket2 ,d ,e1 the cane bound unto it1 through which a rope passeth4 ,the lowermost representeth the double ,rocket2 ,a ,b signifieth one ,rocket1 and ,c ,d another2 ,e the stouple that primeth the one1 and entreth the breech of the other2 the cane that the rope passeth thorough is supposed to be behinde the two ,rockets4 ,illustration ,how to make ,gironells1 or fire wheeles4 ,the making of fire wheeles consisteth onely in the placing of ,rockets1 with the mouth of one towards the tayle of another1 round about certaine moveable wheels2 wherefore ,i thinke it sufficient only to describe the diversity of their fashions which follow4 ,illustration ,how to make flying ,dragons4 ,the flying ,dragon is somewhat troublesome to compose2 it must be made eyther of dry and light wood1 or crooked-lane plates1 or of thin whalebones covered with ,muscovie glasse1 and painted over4 ,in the body thereof1 there must bee a voyde cane to passe the rope through2 unto the bottome of this cane must bee bound one or two large ,rockets1 according as the bignesse and weight of the ,dragon shall require2 the body must bee filled with divers petrars1 that may consume it1 and a sparkling receipt must be so disposed upon it1 that being fired1 it may burne both at the mouth and at the tayle thereof2 then hang the wings on in such wise1 that they may shake as the ,dragon runnes along the line2 you may dispose divers small serpents in the wings2 marke the figure4 ,illustration ,how to make fire ,drakes4 ,illustration ,you must take a peece of linnen cloth of a yard or more in length2 it must bee cut after the forme of a pane of glasse2 fasten two light stickes crosse the same1 to make it stand at breadth2 then smeare it over with linseed oyle1 and liquid varnish tempered together1 or else wet it with oyle of peter1 and unto the longest corner fasten a match prepared with saltpeter water 7as ,i have taught before7 upon which you may fasten divers crackers1 or ,saucissons2 betwixt every of which1 binde a knot of paper shavings1 which will make it flie the better2 within a quarter of a yard of the cloth1 let there bee bound a peece of prepared stoupell1 the one end whereof1 let touch the cloth1 and the other enter into the end of a ,saucisson3 then tie a small rope of length sufficient to rayse it unto what height you shall desire1 and to guide it withall3 then fire the match1 and rayse it against the winde in an open field2 and as the match burneth1 it will fire the crackers1 and saucissons1 which will give divers blowes in the ayre2 and when the fire is once come unto the stoupell1 that will fire the cloth1 which will shew very strangely and fearefully4 ,illustration ,how to make ,balloones1 also the morter ,peece to discharge them4 ,the diameter of the hollownesse of the morter ,peece must be one foot1 the longer it is the further it will carry4 ,let the diameter of the hollownesse of the sacke be the third part of a foot1 and halfe a foot deepe3 it must have a square foot1 and a portfire to strew into the bottome of the sacke on the side of it2 this portfire is to be made like a cane about three inches long1 and have a bottome sodered unto the inside of the screw1 which bottome must be pierced with a small touch hole4 ,this morter peece may be made of yron1 red copper1 or for a neede with pastbord1 armed with cord1 and glewed ouer1 but the sack1 and foot of it must bee made of wood1 and the pastbord morter must bee nayled fast upon it4 ,a ,balloone must be made of canuasse rowled eight or nine times upon a ,former1 it must bee made so1 that it will easily go into the morter peece2 into this ,balloone you may put ,rockets1 ,serpents1 ,starres1 ,fiends1 ,petards1 and one or two ,saucissons to breake the ,balloone2 then choak it up with cord1 and prime it with a little cane rammed full of a slow composition2 fill the stock of the morter peece full of whole gunpowder1 then screw on the portfire1 ,o1 then put the ,balloone down to the bottom of the morter with the cane that primeth it1 downward into the stock2 then with tallow or grease stop the chinks between the ,balloone and the morter1 and it is ready to bee discharged1 which you may do by putting fire to the portfire1 and while that burneth1 retreat out of harmes way4 ,illustration ,a1 the figure of the morterpeece with its portfire1 ,o4 ,b1 ,c1 a ,balloone ready made4 ,d1 an empty coffin for a ,balloone4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,of ,fire-works for the earth4 ,how to make ,rockets for the earth4 ,the moulds for these ,rockets for the earth are not made like those for the ayre1 because that it is required that these should last longer1 and haue a more gentle motion3 obserue therefore the following directions for the making of them1 which may serue for all occasions1 without any alteration for bigger or lesser4 ,let the diameter of their hollownesse bee halfe an inch1 let their hollownesse be five or six inches long1 let the rowler for to rowle the coffins on1 bee the third part of an inch thick1 and let the rammer to charge it bee a thought lesse1 let the breech bee three quarters of an inch long1 and let the breech enter halfe an inch into the mould1 then fill it with the composition proper for it1 obseruing those rules in the ramming it1 as you did in ramming rockets for the ayre2 when you haue filled it within an inch of the top of the mould1 double down a quarter of the coffin1 beating it with three or foure strokes of the mallet2 then with a bodkin peirce it in two or three places1 and then put in the quantity of a pistoll charge of whole gunpowder1 then double down the halfe of the coffin1 giuing it a gentle blow or two with the mallet1 and with a strong packthred choak the rest of the coffin1 and what remaineth after the coffin is choaked1 cut it of1 and it is made4 ,how to make ,crackers4 ,it is well known1 that euery boy can make these1 therefore ,i think it will be but labour lost1 to bestow time to describe their making3 only thus much1 if you would make a ,cracker to giue forty1 fifty1 a hundred1 or two hundred blowes1 one after another1 then binde so many ,crackers upon a stick1 so that the end of the one may joyne to the mouth of the other4 ,how to make ,trunkes4 ,these you may make of paste-board1 paper1 or wood1 and of what bignesse and length you please1 and ram them full of the composition of ,rockets for the earth2 if you would have them to change colour1 then alter the composition that is1 put in two or three spoonfulls of the composition of ,rockets for the water1 and ramme that in1 then put in two or three spoonfulls of the composition of ,rockets for the ayre1 and ramme that in1 then put in two or three spoonfulls of gunpowder dust1 and ramme that in1 doe so till you have quite filled it1 then tie a bottome of leather upon it1 and pierce it and prime it with stoupell2 after the same manner may you make lanternes and lights4 ,how to make tumbling balls4 ,make a ball of canvas1 and fasten in it a double ,rocket for the earth2 you may stuffe the rest of the ball with a slow composition of two parts charcoale dust1 and one part of gunpowder dust1 mingled together1 and put divers petrards amongst it4 ,how to make ,saucissons4 ,saucissons are of two sorts1 eyther to be placed upon a frame1 or such like1 and so to bee discharged with a trayne of gunpowder1 or else to bee discharged out of the morter-peece4 ,the standing ,saucisson is thus made2 you must roll paper or canvas1 nine or ten times upon a roller as ,a1 ,b1 and choake the one end of it3 fill it then with whole gunpowder1 and then choake the other end also1 then cover all the ,saucisson with cord1 and glew it over2 then pierce one end of it1 and prime it with a quill filled with gunpowder dust2 place it upon a forme having a hole for the quill to passe thorough2 then fire it by a traine of gunpowder layd under the frame1 it will give a report like a canon3 marke the figure ,f ,f4 ,illustration ,how to make the flying ,saucisson to be delivered out of the morter peece4 ,make a coffin for this1 as you did for the former2 first1 fill it almost with whole gunpowder1 then put upon that gunpowder dust1 which you must ramme hard into the coffin1 so that it may bee one finger thicke2 then choake it close1 and arme1 and prime it as you did the former4 ,it is represented by the figure1 ,k ,m4 ,illustration ,how to make a fire sword4 ,you must make a sword of woode1 having a deepe channell in the backe of it1 wherein place first a ,rocket for the ground2 then two or three serpents upright2 7with their mouthes inward7 let the stoupell that primeth the ,rocket come under the mouth of the serpents1 so that being kindled1 it may set them on fire1 and enter the breech of the next rocket1 so fill the channell quite full with rockets and serpents1 binde the rockets fast into the channell1 but the serpents must be placed so1 that being once fired1 they may fly out of the channell1 and it is made3 mark the figure ,g1 ,p4 ,illustration ,the description and making of three sorts of ,fire-lances4 ,to make the first ,fire-lance1 whose figure is noted ,a1 you must make a hollow trunk of what length or bignesse you please1 either of wood1 paper1 or pastbord rowled on a rowler1 and armed with some cord and glew3 first put into the bottom of whole gunpowder about one or two fingers thick2 then ram upon it a pastebord peirced with a little hole in the middle1 hauing a quill fastned in it1 which quill must be filled with a slow composition1 or else with gunpowder dust3 this quill must stand up in the lance two or three inches2 then fill the coffin up to the top of the said quill with starres1 and strew among the starres some gunpowder dust1 then put pastebord ouer them1 having a hole for the quill fastned in the former bottom of pastebord to passe2 then upon this pastebord ram gunpowder dust one or two fingers thick1 then put a row of serpents in1 and in the midst of the serpents put a cane open at both ends1 and filled with gunpowder dust2 this cane must be somewhat longer than the serpents1 and it must passe through a pastebord1 which must bee put ouer3 then put some more gunpowder dust1 and ram it in upon it1 and upon that put another row of serpents1 with a cane in the midst of them filled with a slow composition1 and upon them put gunpowder dust1 or else a slow composition1 ramming it in till the lance bee full2 then put a pastebord upon it1 and in the midst of the pastebord put a little cane filled with a slow composition1 then fasten it upon a staffe of what length you will1 and it is made4 ,illustration ,to make the second ,fire-lance1 you must prepare a trunk like unto the former1 first ram in the bottom of it some of the composition of rockets for the earth about two fingers thick1 then put a pastebord upon it1 having a petard fastned in the middest2 this pastebord must bee pierced in three or foure places1 round about the petard1 that thereby the powder that is rammed ouer the paste-bord may take fire3 then ram in some more composition upon the petard1 about two or three fingers thick1 then another petard1 then more composition1 so doing untill you have filled the trunk3 then fasten it upon a staffe1 and prime it as you did the former1 it is represented by the figure noted ,b4 ,to make the third ,fire-lance you must haue a trunk also1 which must bee rammed full of a slow composition1 of two parts charcoale dust1 and one part gunpowder dust well mixed1 prime it as the former1 then bore divers holes round about it1 from the top to the bottom1 into every of which holes glew a saucisson1 or a serpent1 or a little ball filled with gunpowder dust1 and having a petard in the middle3 either of these must bee well primed1 and their primed ends must be towards the inside of the lance1 so that as the lance burneth downward1 it may orderly give fire unto the saucissons1 bals1 and serpents3 the figure ,d representeth a lance having three rowes of serpents1 three rowes of bals1 and three rowes of saucissons1 fastned round about it4 ,the description and making of two sorts of ,fire-clubs4 ,to make the first you must make an ovall ball of paste-bord1 canvasse1 or parchment glewed together1 which you must first fill with a slow composition1 ram it in1 and then bore divers holes round about it1 and put therein serpents1 fire bals1 or what you will3 fasten it upon a staffe1 and prime it in the top with a cane filled with a slow composition3 this is represented by the figure ,a1 ,a4 ,illustration ,to make the second you must fill divers canes open at both ends 7and of a foot long1 or more1 or lesse1 as you think fit7 with a slow composition1 and binde them upon a staffe of foure or five foot long2 prime them so that one being ended1 another may begin3 you may prime them with a stouple or match 7prepared as before7 make an osier basket about it with a hole in the very top to fire it by1 and it is done4 ,the figure ,f1 ,f1 representeth the staffe1 with the canes bound upon it4 ,the figure marked ,g1 representeth the staffe having a basket wrought over it4 ,how to make a ,fire-target4 ,make a ,target of osier twigs1 or else of light wood1 binde it upon it divers canes filled with a very slow composition3 the canes must bee open at both ends1 and primed with stouple1 that one may give fire unto another3 in the midst of all you may set up a large cane also1 if you please1 which you may fill with the same composition as you did the others4 ,mark the figure ,l1 ,m1 ,n1 ,o4 ,illustration ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,of ,fire-works for the water4 ,how to make ,rockets for the water4 ,the diameter of hollownesse of the mould for ,rockets that swim on the water1 must be one inch1 and eight inches long3 let the breech enter into the body of the ,rocket one inch1 and it must have no broach at all in it4 ,let the diameter of the thicknesse of the rowler bee three quarters of an inch1 the rammer must be a thought lesser2 then ram it full of the composition of ,rockets for the water2 joyne to the upper end of it a ,saucisson3 then couer it all over with melted pitch1 rosin1 wax1 or tallow1 to the end that the water may not spoyle the coffins2 and to make it float along the water1 binde a rod about two foot long1 as you did unto the rockets for the ayre3 now if you would have the rocket to change his actions1 7that is1 to swim one while above the water1 and one while under the water7 then put into it in the filling1 one spoonfull of composition1 and ram that in2 then one spoonfull of whole powder1 and ram that in2 and then another of composition1 and after that another of whole gunpowder1 so do untill you have filled it quite4 ,if you would have it change colour1 then shift the composition divers times1 7that is1 put in one spoonfull of the composition of rockets for the water1 then another spoonfull of the composition of rockets for the ayre1 or rochpeter and gunpowder mixed7 untill you have filled it4 ,how to make a ,rocket that shall burne a good while in the water1 and then mount up into the ayre4 ,first you shall make a rocket for the water1 and binde unto the lower end a stick about two foot and a halfe long1 having a large hole in the end thereof3 then tie unto it 7but loosly1 so that it may easily slip out7 a rocket for the ayre1 and let the stouple that primeth for the rocket for the ayre1 enter into the breech of the water rocket1 then let the end of the rod of the rocket for the ayre enter into the hole of the rod of the rocket for the water3 besmeare then both the rockets with tallow1 grease1 or wax1 or any oyle colour that the water may not spoyle the coffins of the rockets2 then hang a stone at the bottom of the stick that hath the hole in it1 to make it sink down into the water2 then fire the water rocket1 and cast them into the water2 the fired rocket will burne in the water1 and being consumed1 will giue fire unto the other rocket1 which being loosly tyed1 will slip the bond1 and mount up into the ayre4 ,this is represented by the figure ,g1 ,g4 ,the floating rocket mentioned before1 is expressed by the figure noted ,i1 ,k4 ,illustration ,the description and making of two sorts of fire bals for the water4 ,for to make the first1 you must make a ball of ,canvas1 about the bignesse of a ,foot-ball1 or bigger if you please1 and fasten in it a double ,rocket for the water3 if you will1 also you may stuffe the rest of the ball with the composition that will burne under the water1 and cut holes in the sides1 and therein fasten other bals1 and petrards in them3 then cover the ball over with ,tallow1 ,pitch1 or painting1 except the place where the ,rocket is primed1 and it is done4 ,it is represented by the figure noted with ,a1 and it will tumble up and downe in the water4 ,illustration ,to make the second fire-ball1 you must first make a ball of ,canvas1 ,pasteboard1 or such like1 and cut a wide hole in the top of it1 and place in it a channell of ,tinne pierced in divers places3 fill the channell with the compositions of ,rockets for the water2 against every hole therof1 place a petrard3 cover it with a cover1 pitch it over1 and prime it1 then ballast it with leade1 or a stone1 that the vent may burne upwards1 and it is done4 ,it is represented by the figure ,b4 ,how to make a ,dolphin4 ,you must make the body of it of ,pasteboard glued together1 fill the body with the composition of ,rockets for the water1 pierce it in the back with divers little holes1 wherein put ,serpents1 besmeare the body all ouer with the following pap3 ,take gunpowder dust1 foure ounces1 camphire1 and sulphur1 or brimstone in powder1 of each one ounce1 make them into a soft pap with oyle of tiles1 then binde unto it a large ,rocket for the water1 which ,rocket must be armed 7as afore7 that the water may not hurt it3 then ballast it with a wyre1 hauing at each end a piece of lead of weight sufficient1 and it is done4 ,marke the figure4 ,illustration ,i might haue beene infinite in the describing of such like with ,ships1 ,towres1 ,castles1 ,piramides4 ,but considering that it would but increase the price of the booke1 and not better your understanding3 since all consist of the former workes1 which are so plainely described1 as that the most ignorant may easily conceiue thereof1 and 7if any whit ingenious7 thence contriue others1 of what fashion they list4 ,,finis4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,the ,,third ,,booke ,of ,drawing1 ,limming1 ,colouring1 ,painting1 and ,graving4 ,by ,i4 ,b4 ,illustration ,,london4 ,printed by ,,thomas ,,harper1 for ,,ralph ,,mab1 #afcd4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illustration ,,the ,,third ,,booke of ,drawing1 ,painting1 ,limming1 ,graving4 ,the ,art of ,drawing is in it selfe most excellent1 and most worthy commendations in whosoever it is2 yea it is an ,art so necessarie unto all ingenious ,artists1 as that in no wise they can be without it1 and my selfe haue found it to bee true1 that the sight of a good draught is more unto an ingenious person1 then a whole ,chaptor of ,information2 ,wherefore ,i have1 according unto my knowledge and practise therein1 faithfully penned the same2 for the use of all such as beare affection unto the ,art1 and are desirous to be instructed therein3 ,and for that divers persons cannot attaine unto it1 or perhaps are loath to bestow any time to practise it3 whereby they might come to a requisite perfection3 for such ,i have set downe certaine directions1 and those so facile1 and easie2 that persons altogether unskilfull1 may 7having a patterne7 worke very well2 ,but before ,i begin1 it behooveth that ,i prescribe what things are to be had in readinesse to worke withall3 first therefore provide good smooth and cleare paper1 divers plummets made of blacke leade1 oker1 or blacke chalke1 or else ,charcoals made of ,ash1 ,sallow1 or ,beech1 split in sunder1 and pointed2 also a wing3 having provided these your implements1 you shall thus begin to worke4 ,first1 let the thing1 whose pourtrature you intend to take1 stand before you1 so that the light be not hindred from falling upon it1 and with a pointed peece of charcoale draw it rustically2 which when you have done1 consider a while whether all the parts thereof are proportionable1 and whether it carry the semblance of the thing that you drew it from1 which if it do not1 wipe it out with your wing1 and begin anew3 but if it be faulty in one part onely1 wipe onely that part out1 and draw it againe2 whensoever it liketh you1 or that you have so drawne it1 that you can finde no great fault in it3 wipe it over gently with your wing1 so that you may perceive the former strokes3 then with your blacke chalke1 or blacke lead plummets2 draw it as perfectly1 and as curiously as you can1 and shadow it according as the light falleth upon it2 ,this way is workeman like1 and the most difficult of all1 yet by a little practice may easily be attained unto3 so that the persons stand well affected unto the ,art4 ,instead of white paper1 you may take light coloured blew paper1 and draw upon it with charcoale1 and white chalke pointed1 which will shew very wel3 but note1 that after you have made your draught1 you must wet it in faire water1 and let it dry of it selfe2 this will make the drawing to hold fast on1 which would otherwise easily be wiped off4 ,this may serve for such as are contented to take some paines to attaine so noble a ,science4 ,but for others there are divers other helps1 which follow in order4 ,how to take the perfect draught of any printed1 or painted ,picture4 ,take a sheete of ,venice 7or in stead thereof7 of the finest white paper that you can get3 wet it all ouer with cleane sallet oyle3 then wipe the oyle off from the paper1 as cleane as you can1 so that the paper may be dry1 otherwise it will spoyle a printed picture by the soaking through of the oyle3 hauing thus prepared your paper1 lay it upon any painted or printed picture1 and you shall see the picture through the same more perfectly appearing1 then through glasse1 and so with a blacke lead pen1 you may draw it ouer with ease1 and better first with a soft char-cole1 and then with a pen4 ,after that you haue thus drawne the picture upon the oyled paper1 put it upon a sheete of cleane white paper1 and with a little sticke pointed1 or 7which is better7 with a feather taken out of a ,swallowes wing3 draw ouer the picture againe1 and so you shall haue the same very prettily and neatly drawne upon the white paper1 which you may set out with colours1 as shall be taught hereafter4 ,another way4 ,having drawne the picture1 first open the oyled paper1 put it upon a sheete of cleane white paper1 and pricke ouer the same drawing1 with a good big pin1 then from the cleane sheete1 that is pricked1 pounce it upon another3 that is1 take some small coale1 powder it fine1 and wrap it in a piece of ,tiffanie or such like1 and binde it up therein loosely1 and clap it lightly ouer all the pricked lines by little and little1 and afterwards draw it ouer again with a ,pen or ,pencill1 or otherwise as you please4 ,another way very pretty and easie to be performed4 ,take some ,lake1 and grinde it fine1 and temper it with ,linseed oyle1 and afterwards with a pen1 draw with this mixture 7in stead of ,inke7 all the out stroaks of any printed picture1 also the muscles3 then wet the contrary side of the picture1 and presse it hard upon a sheete of cleane white paper1 and it will leaue behinde it all the stroakes of the said picture that you draw ouer4 ,another way much like the former4 ,take ,printers ,blacking1 grinde it fine1 and temper it with faire water1 and with a pen dipt therein1 draw ouer the master stroakes and out lines of the muscles3 wet then a faire paper with a spunge1 and clap the picture upon it1 pressing it very hard thereupon1 and you shall finde the stroakes you drew1 left upon the faire paper4 ,an easie way to lessen any picture3 that is1 to draw a picture from another1 in a lesser compasse4 ,illustration ,first1 with a ruler1 and a blacke lead plummet1 draw a line at the very top3 also another at the bottome paralell1 or equally distant from the other3 from the upper line1 let fall two perpendicular or plum-lines euen unto the lowermost line1 so those foure lines will make a square3 now you must diuide this square into diuers equall parts1 with a paire of compasses1 and draw lines with a ruler and blacke lead plummet1 quite over the picture3 so the lesselines will divide the picture into equall parts or squares3 then take a faire paper1 and make as many squares upon it1 as there is in the picture3 you may make them as little as you will1 but be sure that they are equall1 and of just number with those in the picture4 ,having thus crossed your picture1 and drawne over your faire paper into squares1 take a blacke lead pen1 and draw the picture by little and little1 passing from square unto square1 untill you have finished the whole3 still observing the order of the squares as they stand in either3 then draw it ouer with a pen1 in which second drawing of it over1 you may easily mend any fault3 when it is dry1 rub it over with the crum of white bread1 and it will take off all the blacke lead strokes1 and your draught onely will remaine faire upon the paper or parchment4 ,here ,i might have entred into discourse of drawing paralels1 perpendiculars1 making of squares1 and such like3 but to deal truely1 ,i was as loth to trouble my selfe1 as to wearie you3 you shall neede onely to provide a ruler of thin brasse or copper1 having a crosse thwart one end of it3 the charge will not be much1 nor the use tedious3 the figure followeth1 noted ,a1 ,b4 ,illustration ,illustration ,let a1 b1 c1 d1 be a line given1 whereon to erect a perpendicular or plumb line3 lay the ruler so1 that the crosse over the end of it1 may lye full upon the ,line1 then draw a ,line by the side of the rule1 and it is done4 ,a verie easie way1 to describe a ,towne1 or ,castle3 being within the full sight thereof4 ,for the effecting of this1 you must have a frame made1 and crossed into equall squares with ,lute strings1 and figured at the end of each string3 this frame must have a foot1 wherein it must be made to be lifted higher or lower as occasion serveth2 also you must divide your paper that you are to draw upon into so many equal squares as your frame containeth3 having the like figures at the ends of each line that there is on the frame2 before this frame must be placed a style or bodkin having a little glasse on the top of it for to direct the sight4 ,note now that the nearer any thing commeth unto the ,center1 the lesser it appeareth3 hence it is that a ,towne of a mile1 or more long1 or a huge great ,castle1 at a distance may be comprehended1 and that easily within the limits of so small a frame2 ,by the stile direct your sight from one part to another1 beginning at one square1 and proceeding through the rest in order as they lie2 ,marke well the following figure4 ,illustration ,how to make a ,deske3 by meanes whereof you may draw1 and that most exactly with great facilitie any printed picture1 or sollid ,image4 ,first let there be a frame made1 and with hinges let be joynted unto a board of equall breadth unto it3 let this frame also have two stayes at the top1 at each end one1 by meanes whereof the deske may be raised higher1 or lower1 as need shall require2 then fasten to the frame a peece of pure cleare glasse fitted thereunto1 and it is finished4 ,the figure followeth4 ,illustration3 ,the ,deske4 ,the manner of using this ,deske is thus4 ,if the picture that you intend to draw be a printed one1 then first fasten it next unto the ,deske with waxe1 paste1 or such like3 upon it fasten a sheet of faire paper3 ,if it be in the day-time place the backe of it towards the ,sunne2 if it be in the night that you worke1 place a lampe behinde it1 and so you shall see perfectly every 7even the least7 stroake of the picture1 which with your penne you may draw as acurately as any ,limmer whatsoever4 ,if it be a solid peece1 then place it behinde the ,deske1 betweene the light and the ,deske3 then fasten a sheet of cleane white paper upon the ,deske2 raise then the ,deske higher1 or lower untill you see the perfect shadow of the image through your ,deske1 and paper1 and then draw the posture of the ,image1 and shadow it afterwards 7without the ,deske7 as light falleth upon it4 ,an easie way to take the naturall1 and lively shape of the leafe of any hearbe or tree1 which thing passeth the ,art of man to imitate with ,pen or ,pensill4 ,first take the leafe that you would have1 and gently bruise the ribs and veines on the backe side of it1 afterwards wet that side with ,linseed-oyle1 and then presse it hard upon a peece of cleane white paper1 and so you shall have the perfect figure of the said leafe1 with every veine thereof1 so exactly exprest as being lively coloured1 it would seeme to bee truly naturall1 by this we learne1 that ,nature being but a little adjuvated or seconded with ,art1 can worke wonders4 ,now for the farther information of such as are desirous of exemplarie instruction1 ,i have set downe in order following the delineation of the proportion of such things as in my judgement seemed most necessarie for young beginners1 and those in such easie demonstrations as for the most part they consist of equall squares1 and require no more for their right understanding1 then diligent observation1 ,i might have filled a whole ,booke of such like3 but having considered that what ,i had done1 was a sufficient ground for a farther procession1 ,i thought fitting to leave each person to the exercise and practice of his best ,invention4 ,illustration ,illustration ,illustration ,illustration ,illustration ,illustration ,illustration ,illustration ,i thought fitting to give you a word or two1 wherefore ,i have not made the crosse pricked lines to passe through the figures4 ,the reason is1 #a because the figure would have beene thereby somwhat defaced2 #b because some chuse rather to draw without such rules2 #c for others with a ruler and black lead plummet they may crosse the figures through1 and with white bread crums take out the same againe at pleasure4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,of ,painting4 ,the principall end and subject of this ,art1 is to set out things both in proportion of parts1 and livelinesse of colour4 ,for the former1 the proportion of parts1 ,i have given sufficient information for the meanest capacitie in the precedent part of this tractat3 now therefore ,i will speake of the other1 the colouring or setting out in colours4 ,but first provide a frame or ,easel called by ,artists1 which is very necessary to worke upon1 especially in greater pieces of worke3 the forme whereof followeth4 ,illustration3 ,the ,easel4 ,also you must provide divers little shels to put your colours in1 also pensils of all sorts1 both for priming and other3 a light ruler of one foot and a halfe1 or two foot long3 and colours of all sorts ground very fine upon a porphire or marble4 ,having provided these1 you shall set to worke1 observing the subsequent directions4 ,painting may be performed either with water colours1 or with oyle colours4 ,first ,i will speake of water colours1 wherein ,i shall observe two things4 ,first1 the diversitie of colours1 and preparations4 ,secondly1 their mixture1 and manner of laying them on the ground4 ,first of the first1 the diversitie of colours and their preparation4 ,colours are either simple or compounded1 meerely tinctures of vegetables1 or substances of minerals1 or both3 the simple colours are such as of themselves1 being tempered with the water or oyle1 doe give a colour4 ,the compounded are such1 whose ingredients do exceed the number of one4 ,vegetables are rootes1 juces1 berries1 and such like things as grow out of the earth4 ,minerals are such as are dig'd out of the earth1 as earth1 and stones1 c4 ,all which follow in order1 as well their preparations1 as description4 ,first note that every colour to be ground1 ought first to be ground with the gall of a neat3 then let them dry of themselves in a cold place1 afterwards grinde them with gumme water for your use4 ,now ,i am come to the second thing observable 7to wit7 the mixture and laying the colours on the grounds1 which is thus3 your colours prepared for use1 ought to be tempered according unto direction1 still observing a meane3 and to that end1 mixe them by little and little1 till the colour please you2 first you must lay on the ground colour1 and let it dry throughly3 then with a small pensill1 pricke on the second colour1 else it will be apt to run abroad1 nor can you worke it so well1 to make it seeme liuely1 as you may by pricking it one1 specially in small peeces4 ,if you are to paint ouer maps1 or printed pictures that haue writing in them1 they use to lay on the thinnest colours1 and alwaies before you lay any colours upon paper1 wet the backe side of it with faire water1 wherein store of ,allum hath been dissolued1 and let it dry of it selfe3 after wet it againe1 and let it dry3 doe it the third time1 for this will strengthen the paper1 that the colour shall not sinke through it1 and moreouer it will make the colour shew the brighter1 and last1 the better4 ,to make ,gum water to temper your ,colours with4 ,take cleane water1 and put into it of gum ,arabicke a little1 and let it stand untill the gumme be dissolued4 ,now you must haue a care that it be neither too thicke1 by reason of the ,gumme1 nor yet too thin3 for with the one you cannot worke well1 and the other will not binde the colour fast4 ,a ,purple colour4 ,take two pound of ,heidleber1 two ounces of ,allum1 halfe an ounce of ashes of ,copper1 halfe a pound of water2 put them into a ,skillet1 and let them boyle till a third be consumed3 when it is cold1 straine it into a cleane vessell1 and let it stand a while1 then straine it into another1 and then let it stand till it be thicke enough4 ,a ,crane ,colour4 ,you must onely grinde blacke ,lead with ,gum water4 ,browne ,colour4 ,take good browne1 and grinde it with ,gumme water3 his false colour is made with two parts browne1 and a third part white lead1 sad it with the same browne4 ,hayre ,colour4 ,take ,vmber or ,spanish browne1 grinde it1 temper it with ,gumme water4 ,a ,blew4 ,boyle ,mulberries with ,allum4 ,an ,emerauld ,colour4 ,take ,verdigreese1 and grinde it first dry1 and put unto it a little of the ,gall of a neat3 also of ,saffron1 and the juyce of ,rew1 of each a little3 grinde them together1 and put them into a shell1 and let it dry there3 when you would use it1 grinde it againe with ,vineger or ,verjuce1 and a little neats gall dissolved in either of them4 ,his false colour is two parts greene1 and a third ceruse3 it must bee sadded with a good greene4 ,a ,motlie greene4 ,this colour is compounded of red and greene4 ,a blacke ,colour4 ,first you must lay on a light blacke1 mingled with white lead1 and afterwards when it is dry1 sad it with good blacke2 for sad blacke1 mixe ,indie ,baudias with ,gumme water4 ,a marble or ashe colour4 ,this is compounded of blacke and white4 ,a russet or sad ,browne4 ,this colour is made by compounding a little white1 with a good quantity of red4 ,a browne ,blew4 ,take two parts of ,indie ,baudias1 and a third of ceruse and temper them with gumme water4 ,a ,brasse ,colour4 ,this is compounded of ,masticot and ,vmber4 ,a gold yellow for ,armes4 ,take ,orpment1 and ,masticot1 grinde each by themselves3 but in grinding of the ,masticot1 adde a little ,saffron1 and worke with them4 ,note you may alay your ,orpment with chalke1 and sadde it with browne of ,spain or ,oker de ,luke4 ,azure4 ,take of white lead foure ounces1 of ,indicum two ounces1 put them into a leaden pot with vinegar3 boyle them well1 and that which swimmes on the top is the colour4 ,a purple or violet ,colour4 ,this is a compounded colour1 and it is made either by mixing a quantitie of ,azure1 and a portion of ,turnsole3 or else by mixing a quantitie of cusset1 and a quantitie of ,azure4 ,sanguine or ,blood-colour4 ,t,this is likewise a compounded colour1 and it is made by mixing a good quantitie of ,cinaper with a little blacke4 ,orange-tawny4 ,this colour is compounded of a bright red1 and a bright yellow4 ,a ,lyon-tawny4 ,this colour is made by mixing red lead and ,masticot together4 ,a ,carnation1 or ,flesh-colour4 ,first you must lay on a white colour tempered with gumme-water1 and when it is drie you must go it over againe with ,vermillion or lake1 or else you must temper ceruse and vermilleon together1 and being dry1 go over it againe with lake or vermillion4 ,a ,peach ,colour4 ,this is compounded of ,ceruse and ,vermillion4 ,a ,skie ,colour4 ,this colour is compounded of vermilleon and azure4 ,a ,blood red4 ,this colour is made of ,cinaper1 and afterwards sadded with ,vermilleon at the sides1 or else with a browne colour4 ,a bloudy colour1 grinde ,cinaper1 ,lake1 and ,cinaper tops1 put them into good water1 and if they be too light1 put to them a little ,turnsole4 ,a ,lincoln-greene4 ,this colour is compounded of a good greene and ,saffron4 ,a ,poppin-jay greene4 ,this colour is compounded of azure1 and masticot4 ,a good yellow4 ,take ,saffron1 or ,cambugium1 and temper it with gum-water4 ,sad it with ,vermilleon4 ,a sable or blacke4 ,take a ,torch1 hold it under a lattyn ,bason1 temper that blacke with gumme-water4 ,a velvet-blacke4 ,bvrne harts-horne on a ,colliers hearth2 then grinde it with the gaul of a neat1 put it into a shell1 and let it dry in the shade3 when you would use it1 grinde it againe with gumme-water4 ,to write gold with ,pen or ,pensil4 ,take a shell of gold1 and put a little gum-water unto it1 and temper it together1 and then you may write with it as with other colours4 ,to make ,azure1 or bise sadder4 ,take blew ,turnsole1 wet it in gum-water1 and then wring it out1 and mixe it either with ,bise1 or else over-shadow the ,bise with it4 ,red ,colour4 ,take ,vermillion1 and temper it with gumme water3 ,his false colour is two parts vermillion1 and a third part ceruse4 ,another ,red4 ,take russet1 and temper it with gumme-water1 clay it with ceruse1 and sad it with it selfe4 ,another ,red4 ,take ,brassill in grosse powder1 allum in powder3 steep them in gum water a night and a day3 then straine it1 and keepe it for use4 ,a greene ,colour4 ,take ,copper plates1 put them in a copper pot1 put distilled vineger to them3 set them in a warme place till the vinegar become blew1 then put it out into another leaded pot1 and poure more vinegar into it again2 let it stand so till it become blew2 this do so many times till you thinke you have enough3 then let it stand till it be thicke4 ,to make good ,inke4 ,take two handfuls of gauls1 cut each gaul into three or foure peeces1 poure into them a pint of beere or wine1 then let it stand eight houres2 straine it from the gauls1 and put vitreoll therein1 and to the vitreoll a third part of gumme1 set it on the fire to warme2 but let it not seethe1 and it will be good ,inke1 and of these gauls you may make ,inke foure or five times more4 ,to seethe ,brasill4 ,take an ounce of ,brasill1 twelve ounces of beere1 wine1 or vinegar1 put it in a new pot1 let it stand a night2 and in the morning set it on the fire1 and let it seethe till halfe be consumed3 then put into it two peny worth of allum beaten together1 and as much beaten gum-,arabicke3 stirre them well together1 and let them seethe againe2 if you desire to have it somewhat darke1 then scrape a little chalke into it when it seetheth3 let it not seethe over the pot3 when it is cold straine it through a cloth1 and put it into a glass well stopt4 ,aurum ,musicum4 ,take one ounce of ,salarmoniack1 one ounce of quicksilver of counterfein1 halfe an ounce of brimstone1 bruise the brimstone1 and set it on the fire1 but let it not be over hot 7lest it burne7 then take the ,salarmoniacke1 and the quicksilver being in powder3 mixe them well together1 then mingle with them the brimstone3 stirre them well1 and quickly with a sticke till the brimstone become hard1 then let it coole1 grinde it on a stone1 and put it in a glasse well stopt with waxe1 and set it in a pan with ashes2 make a fire under it1 and let it stand halfe a day in that manner 7but not over hot7 till a yellow smoke riseth on it1 and when the yellow smoke is gone it is prepared4 ,argentum ,musicum4 ,take an ounce of ,tynne1 melt it1 and put thereto one ounce of tartar1 and one ounce of quicksilver1 stirre them well till they be cold3 then beat all in a morter1 and grinde it on a stone2 temper it with gumme-water1 and write therewith1 and afterward polish it4 ,to write a gold colour4 ,take a new hennes egge1 make a hole at one end1 and let the substance out1 then take the yolke without the white1 and foure times as much in quantitie of quicksilver2 grinde them well together1 and put them into the shell2 stop the hole thereof with chalke1 and the white of an egge1 then lay it under an henne that sitteth with sixe more1 let her sit on it three weeks1 then breake it up1 and write with it4 ,to write with gold out of a ,pensil4 ,take honey1 and salt a like quantitie1 grinde them well1 and put to them a leafe of gold1 with a little white of an egge2 put it into a mussell shell1 and let it purifie2 then temper it with gumme-water1 and write with it1 pollish it4 ,or else grinde a leafe of silver1 or gold1 very small with gumme-water1 and wash it in a mussell shell as aforesaid4 ,to temper ,azure or ,bise4 ,take ,azure or ,bise1 and grinde it on a stone with cleane water2 then put it in a broad glasse1 or shell1 and when it hath stood a while all the dregs will sleet above1 and the cleane colour will fall to the bottome2 then poure out the water with the dregs1 and poure the azure in cleane water againe2 then stirre the colour and water together1 and let it stand1 and fine1 and after that poure out the water1 and dregs againe3 do thus till it be well purged2 then grinde it againe on a stone with gumme-water1 and put it into a horne1 or shell2 when you paint or write1 stirre it1 and let the sticke drop into the pen1 for it will sinke to the bottome as lead4 ,to temper ,turnsole4 ,take ,turnsole1 and wet it once or twice in cleare water1 and let it lye till it be well steeped2 then wring it into a dish till the colour be good1 and sad2 with this you may flourish red letters1 or vestures1 and this colour shall be darked1 sadded1 or renewed with blacke inke4 ,to make colouring1 called ,vernix3 to varnish gold1 silver1 or any other colour on vellem1 paper1 timber1 stone1 c4 ,take ,bengewine1 and bray it well betwixt two papers1 then put it into a viol1 and poure on it ,aqua vit1 that it may stand aboue the bengewine three or foure fingers1 and let it steepe so a day or two2 then put to it for halfe a violl of ,aqua vit fiue or sixe chieues of ,saffron slenderly stamped2 this done1 straine it1 and with a ,pensil vernish therewith any thing gilded1 which will become bright and shining1 drying it selfe immediately1 and will continue the brightnesse many yeares2 ,but if you will varnish on siluer1 then take the white that is found in ,bengewine and dresse it with ,aqua vit as afore1 leauing out the ,saffron1 and the said vernish made with these onely is very good to varnish all things as well painted1 as not painted3 for it maketh ,tables of ,walnut tree and ,hebene to glister if it bee laid on them2 and all other things1 as ,iron1 ,copper1 or ,tin gilded1 or not2 it maketh bright1 preserveth and aideth the colour1 and dryeth incontinent without taking dust4 ,to make a double size to lay gold or silver on an embossed ground4 ,take ,venice ,ceruse1 white lead1 plaister of an old ,image1 or chalke1 any of these made in fine powder1 and ground with the white of an egge1 and a little water3 this will make a good bottome to lay silver on4 ,but when you use any of these to lay under gold1 put to it a little ,saffron1 put not too much water2 mingle it after discretion1 and looke the size be thicke standing3 put the size thus tempered1 in a horne or shell in some ,celler1 or shadowed place1 where it may stand moyst seven dayes1 till it be perfect clammy and rotten1 and once a day stirre it2 the elder the size is1 it is the better4 ,if there stand any bubbles on the size1 put in eare waxe1 for that is a remedy thereto1 and before you lay it on your worke1 lay the size on a scrow1 and dry it1 and when it is dry1 bend it1 and if it bend and breake not1 then it is perfect1 and if it breake1 put to it a little water to make it weaker1 and proue if it cleaueth fast to the booke1 if not1 put glayr thereto1 and make it more stedfast3 the like size may you make of ,gipsium1 ,bolearmoniacke1 red or yellow ,oker1 ,orpment or ,masticot1 with browne of ,spaine1 or red lead3 if euery of them be ground seuerally1 and tempered as afore4 ,of painting in ,oyle4 ,here you must provide one thing more then you did before3 that is1 a ,pallet 7so called by ,artists7 whereupon you must put a small quantitie of euery such colour you are to use1 the forme whereof followeth4 ,illustration3 ,the ,pallet4 ,the colours to be used1 are altogether such dry substances as ,i mentioned formerly3 as ,oker1 ,vermilion red lead1 ,vmber1 ,spanish browne1 ,lam-blacke1 ,gambugice1 ,masticot1 ,orpment1 ,ceruse1 or ,spanish white1 blew and greene ,bise1 ,verdigrease1 and a multitude of such like1 which may be had at the ,rose in ,cornehill1 ,london4 ,your colours must be ground all very finely1 and tempered with ,linseed oyle2 and to preserve them1 put them in little earthen pans1 and put water upon them1 and cover them1 that the dust come not at them3 thus they may be kept a great while1 and from thence you may take them as your use doth require4 ,there are divers colours which without the admixture of another colour1 will not be dry a great while2 as ,lake1 ,verdigrease1 ,lam-blacke3 with such you must temper a little ,vmber or red lead4 ,divers ,painters there are1 that having haste of worke1 doe use to temper their colour with one part of fatte oyle1 and two of common ,linseed oyle1 and by this meanes they make the colours dry the sooner3 this fat oyle is onely ,linseed oyle exposed to the weather1 and so it becommeth thicker3 yea sometimes you shall see it so thicke1 that you may cut it almost like ,butter3 it may bee made likewise by boyling of it a little while1 but the former is the best4 ,as for the tempering of your colours1 ,i can prescribe no surer way then experience with diligent observation4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illustration ,of ,graving4 ,it is possible for one to be a good ,painter1 and yet not to be able to draw well with the pen1 because there is not required in a ,painter such a curious and exact carriage of the hand3 but it is impossible for one ever to ,grave or ,etch well1 except he can draw well with the pen4 ,first therefore presupposing you can doe the first before you attempt the second1 you must provide divers graving tooles1 both long and short3 some for hard worke1 some for sweet worke1 some for smaller worke1 and some for greater3 also a peece of a ,beaver hat1 and a good oyle stone1 smoothed on one side1 and free from pin holes1 and plates of ,copper or ,brasse exactly polished4 ,of ,gravers4 ,there are two principall sorts of ,gravers1 the long and the short3 the long are straight1 and for to engrave ,plates withall1 especially the greater1 and these are to be held as the figure following doth expresse3 where you may note that the pummell of the ,graver resteth against the ball of the thumb1 and the point is guided with the forefinger4 ,and there ought to bee a little bagge of sand under your ,plate1 to the end that you might turne your plate upon it as your worke doth require4 ,illustration ,the second sort is a short ,graver1 and turneth up somewhat at the end1 and that is to engrave ,letters and ,scutchions in plate seales1 and smaller plates1 being fastened in some convenient instrument3 this must be held likewise according unto the expression of the figure following3 where it is to be noted1 that the pummell of the ,graver is stayed against the further part of the hand1 and is guided by the inward side of the thumbe4 ,it were needfull that there were a piece of leather like a ,taylors thimble1 about the end of the thumbe1 waxed or glued1 whereby to guide the ,graver more steadily1 and stay it upon occasion4 ,illustration ,how to make ,gravers4 ,provide some good crosse-bow steele1 and cause it to be beaten out into small rods1 and softned3 then with a good file you may shape them at your pleasure3 when you have done1 heat them red hot1 and dip them straight downe into sope1 and by so doing1 they will bee hard indeed4 ,note that if in the dipping of them into the sope1 you turne your hand never so little awry1 the ,graver will be crooked4 ,these ,gravers made and hardened after this manner1 doe farre exceed all the other ,gravers4 ,if your gravers be too hard1 heate them a little1 and thrust them into tallow1 and they will be tougher4 ,the oyle stone is to whet your gravers on2 drop one or two drops of sallet oyle upon it1 and whet your graver thereon1 and it will have an edge presently4 ,how to smooth and pollish ,copper ,plates4 ,because that in the printing with ,copper ,plates1 the least scratch1 though it be scarce visible1 receiveth its impression1 and so many times disgraceth the worke3 ,i have set downe a way to smooth plates for impression4 ,first1 take a piece of ,brasse1 or ,copper1 of what bignesse you intend1 of an indifferent thicknesse1 and see as neere as you can1 that it bee free from fire flawes4 ,first beat it as smooth as you can with a hammer1 then rub it smooth with a pumice stone that is void of gravell1 7least it race it1 so cause you as much more labour to get them out7 burnish it after with a burnishing iron1 having first dropped a drop or two of sallet oyle on it3 then rub it over with a cole1 prepared as is after taught1 and lastly with a peece of beaver hat dipt in sallet oyle1 rub it very well for an houre3 thus you may polish it exactly4 ,how to prepare your ,coales4 ,take ,beechen charcole1 such as when they are broke1 doe shine1 such as are void of clifts1 and such as breake off even3 burne them againe1 and as soone as they are all through on fire1 quench them in chamber lye3 after take them out1 and put them in faire water1 and reserue them for your use4 ,having prepared all things in a readinesse1 you must haue a draught of that you intend to cut or engrave4 ,take the plate then1 and waxe it lightly ouer1 and then either pounce the picture upon it1 or trace it1 or by drawing ouer the lines of the picture with ungummed inke1 reprint it upon the ,plate3 then worke upon it1 obseruing the shadow1 so that being printed1 it may stand right1 for it will be backward upon your plate3 when you haue cut one stroke1 drop a little sallet oyle upon your peece of ,bever1 and rub over the said stroke1 for by this meanes you shall better see the stroke1 and how to cut the next equall unto it1 and so the rest proportionally distant one from another2 but to worke by a ,candle1 you must place a glasse of faire water betweene the ,candle1 and a paper betweene that and the ,plate1 7which casteth a true light7 or you will never be able to worke truely and aright4 ,of ,etching4 ,etching is an imitation of engrauing1 but more speedily performed4 ,things may be expressed to the life thereby1 but not so sweetly as by the ,graver4 ,it is thus performed3 the ,plate you are to etch upon1 must first exactly be pollished1 afterwards ouerlaid but very lightly with a ground made for the purpose1 7of which anon7 and thereupon must be pounced1 drawne1 or traced1 the thing that you are to etch3 then the said ground is to be pierced with diuers stiles of seuerall bignesse according as the shadowes of the picture doe require3 afterwards the edges of the ,plate are to be raised with soft waxe and strong water1 7for so they terme it37 7,it is to be had at the signe of the ,legge in ,foster ,lane a ,distiller7 is to be put upon it1 which in those places were the strokes1 are required to be lightly performed1 is to be abated or alayed with faire water1 which hauing dured a while upon the plate1 will eate into it1 as it were engraven1 then put it into cold water1 and wash it about1 and it will leaue eating further1 and then take off the ground and it is done4 ,a red ground for ,etching4 ,take red lead1 grinde it very well1 and temper it with varnish4 ,a white ground4 ,take one ounce of ,waxe1 and two ounces of ,rosin1 melt them together1 and adde thereto a quarter of an ounce of ,venice ,ceruse ground fine1 lay it on while it is hot4 ,a blacke ground4 ,take ,asphaltum two parts1 ,bees waxe one part2 melt them together1 and being warme1 lay it on very thinly with a fine lawne ragge4 ,if it seeme somewhat red in any one part1 hold it over the smoake of a ,linke or waxe candle1 and it will be amended4 ,note that it is a principall thing in this ,art to lay the ground on aright4 ,another way how to engrave with water4 ,take ,verdigrease1 ,mercury sublimated1 vitreoll1 and allum1 a like quantity1 beate all to powder1 put them into a glasse1 and let it stand so halfe a day1 and stirre it often1 then lay on the plate1 waxe1 mingled with ,linseed oyle1 or red lead with ,linseed oyle1 and write in it that you meane to grave1 then put the water on it1 and let it so remaine halfe a day1 if you will have it very deepe1 let it lye longer4 ,if you will engrave ,images1 c4 lay the waxe on the ,iron or ,steele1 thin1 and draw what you will theron1 that it may touch the mettall1 then put the water into the strokes1 and it will be engraven4 ,how to engrave on a flint stone4 ,take a ,flint1 and write on it what you will1 with the fat or tallow of an ,oxe1 afterward lay the flint in vineger1 foure dayes4 ,,finis4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illustration ,place this betweene folio #ad4 and #ae4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,the ,,booke ,,of ,,extravagants3 ,wherein amongst others1 is principally contrived divers excellent and approved ,medicines for severall maladies4 ,by ,i4 ,b4 ,illustration ,,london4 ,printed by ,thomas ,harper1 for ,ralph ,mab4 #afcd4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illustration ,to the ,reader4 ,courteous ,reader1 forasmuch as there were divers experiments that ,i could not conveniently1 or rather my occasions would not permit me to dispose in such order as ,i would have done2 ,i thought it would not bee amisse to call them by the names of ,extravagants1 and so to set them downe as ,i found them1 eyther inserted amongst other my notes1 as ,i put them in practise1 or as they came into remembrance4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,how to make a light burne under the water1 being a very pretty conceypt to take fish4 ,illustration ,let there be a glasse1 as ,a1 having a hole at the bottome1 to put a candle in with a screwed socket4 ,the socket must have a loope at the bottome1 whereunto you must hang a weight of such heavinesse1 that it may draw the body of the glasse under water4 ,the necke of this glasse must bee open1 and stand above the water2 also about the necke must bee fastened a good broad peece of wood2 round about which 7but on that side of it that is next unto the water7 must be placed divers peeces of looking glasses2 so the light of the candle in the glasse body will bee multiplied according unto the number of them4 ,all the fishes neere unto it will resort about it1 as amazed at so glorious a sight1 and so you may take them with a cast net or other4 ,how to make an image hang in the middle of a glasse4 ,make the lower part of the image of hard wax1 and the upper part of wood1 and overlay it with oyle colours2 then put it into a globe glasse filled with fayre water1 and which way soever you turne the glasse1 the image will still hang in the middle1 and stand as it were upright2 which1 to my knowledge1 hath been a thing causing no small admiration among divers that have not understood the cause of it4 ,how to make five or six dice of the ordinary bignesse of dice1 such as you may game withall1 and such as would be taken by their lookes to bee ordinary dice1 and yet all of them to weigh not above one grain4 ,take a peece of ,elder1 and pith it1 lay the pith to dry1 and then make thereof with a sharp knife five or six dice1 and you shall finde it true that ,i haue sayd4 ,to lay gold on any thing4 ,take red ,lead ground first very fine1 temper it with linseed oyle3 write with it1 and lay leafe gold on it1 let it dry1 and pollish it4 ,to lay gold on glasse4 ,grinde ,chalk1 and red ,lead1 of each a like quantity1 together1 temper them with linseed oyle1 lay it on2 when it is almost dry1 lay your leafe gold on it1 when it is quite dry polish it4 ,to make yron as soft as lead4 ,take black flints1 powder them very finely2 then put the powder in an iron pan1 and make it red-hot1 then cast it on a marble stone1 till it be almost cold1 then make it red-hot againe1 and let it coole1 and grinde it so long till it cleave to the stone1 and grinde as it were clay2 then put that in a glasse1 and set it under the eaves of a house1 where the ,sunne commeth not nigh in the day1 then the night after take out the water that you shall finde in the glasse above the powder1 then take that powder and grinde it with the water1 and put it in a stillatory1 and let it still out the halfe2 afterward poure the water againe on the sayd powder1 and still it againe with a soft fire2 then take and seethe that water till the halfe bee wasted1 then take some iron blade that is new broke1 and put it together1 and hold it so a little while2 then take of the water which was sod to the half1 and with a feather lay it first to the one side of the blade1 and when the water is cold1 lay it on the other side1 and it will soder fast with this water2 and with this water you may make steele as soft as lead4 ,it is likewise a soveralgne water to help the gout1 being anoynted where the griefe is1 for it giveth ease very speedily4 ,to colour tin1 or copper1 c4 of a golden colour4 ,take linseed oyle1 set it on the fire1 scum it cleane1 then put therein of amber1 and aloe hepaticum1 a like quantity1 then beat and stir all well together with the oyle till it wax thick2 then take it off1 and cover it close1 and set it in the earth three dayes3 when you would use it1 strike your metall all ouer therewith1 and so let it dry1 and it will be of a golden colour4 ,to gild iron with a water4 ,take running water #c pound1 rochallum #c pound1 and ,roman vitreoll one ounce1 of vardigrease one penny waight1 saltgem three ounces1 orpment one ounce1 boyle all these together1 and when it begins to boyle1 put in lees of tartar and bay salt1 of each halfe an ounce2 make it seethe1 and being sod a pretty while1 take it from the fire1 and strike the iron over therewith1 then let it dry against the fire1 and then burnish it4 ,to soder on iron4 ,set your joynt of iron as close as you can1 then lay them so in a glowing fire2 then take of ,venice glasse in fine powder1 and the iron being red-hot1 cast the powder thereon1 and it shall soder of it selfe4 ,if you clap it in clay1 it will be the surer way4 ,to gild on iron or steele4 ,take one ounce of argall1 three drammes of vermileon1 and two drams of bol armeniack1 with as much aqua vit1 then work and grinde them all together on a stone1 with linseed oyle2 having so done1 put thereto lapis calaminaris as big as a hazell nut1 and grinde therewith in the end three or foure drops of varnish2 take it off the stone1 and strain it through a linnen cloth into a stone pot1 7for it must bee as thick as hony7 then strike over your iron therewith1 and let it dry1 and then lay your gold or silver on1 as you would do upon the varnish4 ,a varnish like gold1 for tin1 silver1 or copper4 ,take small pots well leaded1 then put therein six ounces of linseed oyle1 one ounce of mastick1 one ounce of aloes epaticum2 make them altogether in fine powder1 and then put it into your sayd pot1 and cover it with such another2 yet in the bottom of the uppermost pot make a small hole1 wherein put a small stick with a broad end beneath to stir the other pot withall1 and when the pots are set just together1 close them all about with good clay1 and couer them all over also1 leaving the hole open above to stir the other pot with the stick2 set it over the fire1 and stir it as often as it seetheth1 and when you will gild1 pollish your metall over first1 and then strike this over the metall1 and let it dry in the ,sunne4 ,to lay ,gold on ,iron1 or other mettall4 ,take liquid ,varnish l4#a4 ,turpentine1 oyle of ,lynseed1 of each an ounce3 mixe them all together3 with this ground you may gild on any mettall1 first striking it upon the mettall1 and afterward lay on the gold or silver4 ,when it is dry1 polish it4 ,to make ,ice that will melt in fire1 but not dissolve in ,water4 ,take strong water made with saltpeter1 allum1 and oyle of tartar1 of each1 one pound4 ,infuse them together1 then put into them a little aqua ardens1 and it will presently coagulate them1 and turne them into ice4 ,a cement as hard as stone4 ,take powder of ,loadstone1 and of flints1 a like quantity of either1 and with whites of egges1 and gumme dragant1 make paste1 and in a few dayes it will grow as hard as a stone4 ,to make ,paper waved like unto marble4 ,take divers oyled colours1 put them severally in drops upon water1 and stirre the water lightly1 and then wet the paper 7being of some thicknesse7 with it1 and it will be waved like a marble3 dry them in the ,sun4 ,to make ,copper or ,brasse have the colour of silver4 ,take ,sal ,armoniacke1 allum1 and salt1 of each a like quantity1 and with a little filings of silver1 let all be mixt together1 then put them into the fire1 that they may be hot1 and when they shall cease to smoke1 then with the same powder moystned with spittle1 rub your ,copper or ,brasse4 ,how to make glew to hold things together as fast as stone4 ,take of the powder of tile sheard1 two pound1 unflakt lyme1 foure pound1 oyle of ,lynseed1 a sufficient quantity to temper the whole mixure2 this is marvellous strong4 ,to make a thinne glew4 ,take gluten piscis1 beate the same strongly on an ,anvill1 till it be thin2 after lay it to soke in water1 untill it be come very soft and tender3 then worke it like paste1 to make small rowles thereof1 which draw out very thinne1 and when you will worke with it1 put some of it into an earthen pot1 with a little water1 over the embers1 and skim the same very cleane1 and let it seeth a little while1 then worke with the same3 keeping it still over the fire4 ,with this glew you may fasten peeces of glasse together4 ,to make ,iron have the colour of ,brasse4 ,first1 polish it well1 rub it after with aqua fortis1 wherein the filings of brasse are dissolved3 the like may bee done with ,roman vitrioll dissolved in vineger and faire water1 of each a like quantity4 ,to make wood or bone red for ever4 ,take the powder of ,brazill1 mingle it well with milke1 but so1 that it be very red1 and put therein1 either wood or bone1 letting it lye in eight dayes1 and it will looke red for ever4 ,how with one ,candle to make as great a light1 as otherwise of two or three of the same bignesse4 ,cause a round and double glasse to be made1 of a large size1 and in fashion like a globe1 but with a great round hole in the top1 and in the concave part of the uppermost glasse1 place a candle in a loose socket1 and at the same hole or pipe which must be made at the side thereof1 fill the same with spirit of wine1 or some other cleere distilled water that will not putrifie1 and this one candle will give a great and wonderfull light1 somewhat resembling the sunne beames4 ,a ,cement for broken ,glasses4 ,beate the whitest ,fish glew with a hammer1 till it begin to waxe cleere1 then cut the same into very small pieces1 suffering the same to dissolve on a gentle fire1 in a leaded pan1 with a few drops of aqua vit1 then let some other that standeth by1 hold both the pieces that are to bee cemented1 over a chafingdish of coles1 till they be warme3 and during their heat1 lay on the dissolved glew with a fine pensill2 then binde the glasse with wyre or threed1 and let it rest till it be cold4 ,an admirable secret of representing the very forme of ,plants1 by their ashes1 philosophically prepared1 spoken of by ,quertitanus and ,angelus sal4 ,take saith hee1 the salt both the fixed and the volatill also4 ,take the very spirit1 and the phlegme of any herbs1 but let them all be rightly prepared2 dissolve them1 and coagulate them1 upon which if you put the water stilled from ,may dew1 or else the proper water of the herbe you would have appear1 close them all very well in a glasse for the purpose1 and by the heat of embers1 or the naturall heat of ones body1 at the bottome of the glasse1 the very forme and ,ida thereof will be represented3 which will suddenly vanish away1 the heat being withdrawne from the bottome of the glasse4 ,as ,i will not argue the impossibility of this experiment1 so ,i would be loth to employ mine endeavours1 untill ,i were expert therein4 ,a device to bend glasse ,canes1 or make any small worke in ,glasse4 ,illustration ,let there be a vessell of ,copper about the bignesse of a common ,foot-ball1 as1 ,a1 let it have a long ,pipe at the top as ,g1 which must be made so that you may upon occasion screw on lesser1 or bigger vents made for the purpose4 ,fill this one third part with water1 and set it over a fornace of coals1 as ,e1 ,g1 ,h1 ,i1 and when the water beginneth to heat1 there will come a strong breath out of the nose of the vessell1 that will force the flame of a lampe placed at a convenient distance as ,k3 if you hold your glasse in the extention of the flame it will melt suddenly2 so you may worke what you will thereof4 ,there are that instead of this globe make use of a ,pipe1 as ,a1 fastned in a sticke as1 ,f1 of which ,i have made use1 but hold it not so convenient for those that are not accustomed thereunto4 ,illustration ,an excellent ,water for any ,morphue1 or scurvinesse in the ,face4 ,take of quicke ,sulphur #b4 ounces1 blacke ,sope1 the rankest and illest favoured that can bee got3 binde them up in a cloth1 and hang them in a pint of the strongest wine-vineger for the space of nine dayes2 herewith wash the ,morphue in the ,face or elsewhere1 and let it dry in of it selfe4 ,this ,water will for the present staine the face with a yelow collour1 which will weare away in time4 ,how to soften ,iron4 ,take of ,allum1 sal ,armoniacke1 ,tartar1 a like quantitie of either1 put them into good vineger1 and set them on the fire3 heat your ,iron1 and quench it therein4 ,a good ,cement for broken glasses4 ,take raw silke1 and beat it with glasse1 and mixe them together with the whites of ,egges4 ,another4 ,take of calcined flints1 quicke lyme1 and common salt1 of each a like quantity3 mingle them all together with the whites of ,egges2 then take a linnen cloth and spread it over with this mixture1 and put it upon the fracture1 and let it dry2 afterwards annoint it with ,linseed oyle4 ,how to cause that the same quantitie both of powder and shot discharged out of the same peece shall carry closer1 or more scattering4 ,take the quantitie of a pease of ,opium1 and charge it amongst the shot2 and this will make the shot to flie closer together then otherwise it would4 ,this ,i had of a ,sea-man1 who had made triall hereof1 as he said1 and unto whom ,i sold some for the same purpose4 ,a ,baite to catch ,fish with4 ,take ,cocculus ,indi ss1 ,henbane-seeds1 and wheaten flower1 of each a quarter of an ounce1 hive honey as much as will make them into paste4 ,where you see most store of ,fish in the ,river1 cast of this paste into it in divers little bits about the bignesse of barley cornes1 and anon you shall see the fish swimme on the top of the water1 some reeling to and fro as drunken1 others with their bellies upwards as if they were nigh dead2 so that you may take them either with your hands1 or a small net at the end of a sticke made for the same use4 ,note here1 that if you put the ,fish that you thus take1 into a bucket of faire and fresh water1 or if it raine after that you have cast this your bait into the water1 they will revive and come to themselves to your admiration2 and this was told me by a ,gentleman of good credit1 that hath often made use thereof4 ,i have heard that the stinking oyle drawne out of the roots of ,polipody of the oake by a retort1 mixed with ,turpentine1 and hive-honey1 and being anointed upon the bait will draw the fish mightily thereto1 and make them bite the faster3 and ,i my selfe have seene fishes1 as ,roches1 and taken in the dead time of ,winter with an angle1 bayted onely with paste made of ,wheaten flowre1 but it hath beene in the morning1 and when the ,sunne hath shined4 ,how to write without inke that it may not be seene1 unlesse the paper be wet with water4 ,take some ,vitriol1 and powder it finely1 and temper it with faire water in any thing that is cleane1 when it is dissolved1 you may write whatsoever you will with it1 and it cannot be read1 except you draw it through water wherein some powder of galls hath beene infused1 and so it will shew as blacke as if it had beene written with inke4 ,how to make white letters in a blacke ,feild4 ,take the yelke of a new layd egge1 and grinde it upon a marble with faire water1 so as you may write with it3 having ground it on this wise1 then with a penne dipt into it1 draw what letters you will upon paper1 or parchment1 and when they are through drie1 blacke all the paper over with inke2 and when it is drie1 you may with a knife scrape all the letters of that you wrote with the yelke of the egge1 and they will shew faire and white4 ,how to sodder upon ,silver1 ,brasse1 or ,iron4 ,there are two kindes of ,sodder1 to wit1 hard ,sodder1 and soft ,sodder4 ,the soft ,sodder runneth sooner then the hard3 wherefore if a thing be to be sodered in two places1 which cannot at one time well be performed1 then the first must be sodered with hard soder1 and the second with soft3 for if the first be done with soft1 it will unsoder againe before the other be sodered4 ,note1 that if you would not have your soder to runne over any one part of the peece to be sodered1 you must rub over that part with chalke that you would not have it runne upon4 ,note likewise that your soder must be beaten thinne1 and then laid over the place to be sodered1 which must be first fitted together1 and bound with wyer as occasion shall require4 ,then take ,burras1 powder it1 and temper it with water like pap1 and lay it upon the soder1 and let it drie upon it by the fire3 ,afterwards cover it with quicke coals1 and blow them up1 and you shall see your soder run immediately3 then presently take it out of the fire1 and it is done4 ,hard ,soder is thus made4 ,take a quarter of an ounce of silver1 and a three penie weight of copper1 melt them together1 and it is done4 ,soft ,soder is thus made4 ,take a quarter of an ounce of silver1 and a three penie weight of brasse1 melt them together1 and it is done4 ,how to gild ,silver1 or ,brasse1 with water-gold4 ,first take about 4 ii4 of quicke silver1 put it into a little melting pot1 and set it over the fire1 and when it beginneth to smoke1 put into it an angel of fine gold3 then take it off presently for the gold will presently be dissolved in the quicke silver1 which if it be too thinne1 you may through a peece of fustian straine a part of the quicke-silver from it4 ,note likewise that your silver1 or brasse1 before you go about to gild it1 must be boyled in argol1 and beare1 or water1 and afterwards scratcht with a wyer brush3 then rub the gold1 and quicke-silver upon it1 and it will cleave unto it1 then put your siluer or brasse upon quicke coales untill it begin to smoke3 then take it from the fire1 and scratch it with your wyer brush3 ,do this so often till you have rubd the quicke-silver as cleane off as you can1 then shall you perceive the gold to appeare of a faint yellow colour1 which you may make to shew faire with sal armoniacke1 bole armoniacke1 and vardigrece ground together1 and tempered with water4 ,how to take smoake of ,tobacco through a glasse of water4 ,first fill a pinte glasse with a wide mouth1 almost full of faire water3 fill also a pipe of ,tobacco1 and put the pipe upright into the glasse of water1 so that the end of the pipe may almost touch the bottome of the glasse3 then take another crooked pipe1 and put it into the glasse1 but let the end thereof not touch the water3 waxe then the mouth of the glasse1 that no ayre may come in nor out1 but at the pipes3 then put fire unto the ,tobacco1 and sucke with your mouth1 at the end of the crooked pipe1 and you shall see the smoake of the ,tobacco penetrate the water1 and breake out of a bubble1 and so come into your mouth4 ,to colour ,ivory or any other bones1 of an excellent greene colour4 ,take aqua fortis1 wherein dissolue as much ,copper1 as the said water is able1 then let the bones that you would have coloured1 lye in the same all night1 and they will be like a ,smaragdin colour3 ,mizaldus4 ,how to make birds drunke1 so that you may take them with your hands4 ,take such meate as they loue1 as ,wheate1 ,barley1 and lay the same to steepe in the lees of ,wine1 or else in the juyce of ,hemlockes1 and sprinckle the same in places where ,birds use to haunt4 ,a way to catch ,crowes4 ,take the ,liuer of a ,beast1 and cut it in diuers pieces1 put then into each piece1 some of the powder of nux vomica1 and lay these pieces of ,liuer in places where ,crowes and ,rauens haunt4 ,anon after they haue eaten them1 you may take them with your hands1 for they cannot flye away4 ,how to take ,crowes or ,pigeons4 ,take white ,pease1 and steepe them eight or nine daies in the ,gall of an ,oxe3 then cast the same where they use to haunt4 ,you may make ,partridges1 ,duckes1 and other birds drunke1 so that you may take them with your hand3 if you set blacke wine for them to drinke in those places whereunto they resort4 ,another4 ,take ,tormentill1 and boile it in good wine3 put into it ,barley or other graine3 ,sprinckle this in those places you haue appointed to take ,birds in1 and the ,birds will eate the pieces amongst the graine1 which will make them so drunke1 that they cannot flye away4 ,this should be done in the winter2 and when it is a deepe snow4 ,another way to take ,birds4 ,make a paste of barley meale1 onion blades1 and ,henbane seeds2 set the same upon seuerall little boards1 or pieces of tiles1 or such like1 for the birds to eate of it4 ,how to make ,brasse white for ever4 ,take ,egge shels1 and burne them in a melting pot3 then powder them1 and temper them with the whites of ,egges2 let it stand so three weekes3 heate your brasse red hot1 and put this upon it4 ,how to make ,marble4 ,take vj4 of quicke ,lime1 put it into a pot1 and poure upon it1 one pinte of good wine3 let it stand fiue or sixe dayes1 stirring it once or twice a day3 then poure off the cleare1 and therewith temper flint stones calcined1 and made into fine powder1 then colour it1 and make of it what you please1 and let them dry4 ,how to whiten copper4 ,take a thin plate of copper1 heat it red-hot divers times1 and extinguish it in common oyl of tartar1 and it will be white4 ,to make ,saltpeter4 ,take quick lyme1 and poure warm water upon it1 and let it stand six dayes1 stirring it once or twice a day3 take the cleare of this1 and set it in the ,sunne untill it bee wasted1 and the ,saltpeter will remaine in the bottom4 ,how to make ,corall4 ,take of red ,lead ground1 4 ,i4 vermilion finely ground1 ss4 unquenched lyme1 and powder of calcined flints1 of each vj4 these powders must bee tempered with a ,lixivium that is made with quick lyme and wine3 adde unto the whole a little salt2 then make thereof what you list2 then boyle them in linseed oyle4 ,how to make ,pearles of ,chalk4 ,take some ,chalk1 and put it into the fire2 there let it lie untill it break3 temper it then with the whites of egs4 ,then make of it divers fashions of ,pearles1 both great and small3 wet them being dried1 and cover them with leafe gold1 and they are done4 ,an approved and excellent plaster for ach in the raines of the back1 or in any other part whatsoever4 ,take one pound of black ,sope1 and foure ounces of frankincense1 and a pinte of white wine vineger3 boyle all together upon a gentle fire1 untill it be thick2 spread it then upon a lether1 and apply it unto the grieved place4 ,if the ach bee very great and fervent1 then adde unto it a little aqua vit1 and it will be much better4 ,an excellent oyntment for the ,shingles1 ,morphew1 ,tetters1 and ,ringwormes4 ,take a quarter of a pound of sope1 and mingle with it two drams of the powder of black ,ellebor1 litharge of silver in fine powder1 two ounces1 vardigrease halfe an ounce1 and a quarter of an ounce of glasse in powder1 and as much quicksilver1 make them all into an oyntment by stirring them well together2 wherewith anoynt the grieved parts4 ,this is approved and true4 ,an excellent ,balme1 or water for grievous sore eyes1 which commeth either of outward accident1 or of any inward cause4 ,take two spoonfuls of the juyce of ,fennell1 and one spoonfull and a halfe of the juyce of ,celandine1 and twice as much hony as them both2 then boyle them a little upon a chafingdish of coales1 and scum away the dregs which will ascend1 but first let it coole somwhat1 and then let it run through a fayre cleane cloth3 then put it into a violl of glasse1 and stop it close4 ,put a little quantity of this into the eye4 ,this medicine is approved1 and more precious than gold4 ,a speedy way to asswage the paine of any scald1 or burne1 though never so great1 and to take the fire out of it4 ,take old lawn rags1 dip them into ,runnet1 for want of it dip them into verges1 and apply them cold upon the grieved place1 shifting them for halfe an houre together1 as oft as they dry3 this ,i have known to give ease in an instant1 and quickly to take out the fire4 ,an approved oyle for to heale any burne or scald4 ,take of housleek one handfull1 and of brooklime as much1 boyle them in a quart of creame untill it turne unto an oyle2 boyle it very gently3 with this oyle a little warmed1 anoint the grieved place twice a day1 and it will soone make it well4 ,an oyntment1 very excellent and often proued1 for the same4 ,take a good quantity of mosse scraped from off a stone wall1 fry it in a fryingpan with a call of mutton suet a good while1 then straine it1 and it is done4 ,dresse the grieved part therewith once or twice a day1 as you shall see fitting4 ,another oyntment for a burne4 ,take one part of sallet-oyle1 and two parts of the whites of egs1 beat them together exceeding well1 untill they come to be a white oyntment1 wherein dip the feather of a black hen1 and anoynt the grieved place divers times every day1 untill such time as the scales fall off1 using in the meane while neither clothes nor any outward binding4 ,this1 sayth ,minshet the authour1 though it seeme to be a thing of no estimation1 yet was there never found any more effectuall for a burn than it is4 ,an excellent oyntment for a green wound4 ,take foure handfuls of ,clownes1 ,allheale1 bruse it1 and put it into a pan1 and put to it foure ounces of barrowes grease1 sallet-oyle halfe a pound1 ,bees wax a quarter of a pound2 boyle them all untill the iuyce be wasted2 then straine it1 and set it over the fire againe1 and put unto it two ounces of ,turpentine1 then boyle it a little while more1 and it is done4 ,put hereof a little in a saucer1 and set it on the fire1 dip a tent in it1 and lay it on the wound1 but first lay another plaister round about the wound1 made of diapalma mollified a little with oyle of ,roses4 ,this cureth very speedily all greene wounds1 as saith ,m4 ,gerard4 ,a ,balsam of wonderfull efficacy4 ,take ,burgundie pitch1 brimstone1 and white frankincense1 of each one ounce3 make them into an oyntment with the whites of egges3 first draw the lips of the wound1 or cut1 as close as you can1 then lay on some of this spread upon a cloth1 and swathe it ouer afterwards4 ,an excellent healing ,water1 which will drie up any old sore1 or heale any greene wound4 ,take a quarter of a pound of ,bolearmoniacke1 powder it by it selfe1 then take an ounce of ,camphire1 powder it also by it selfe3 also take foure ounces of white ,coppras in powder3 mixe the ,coppras and ,camphire together1 and put them into a melting pot1 and set them on the fire1 untill they turne unto water3 afterwards stirre it untill it come to be as hard as a stone3 then powder it againe1 and mixe it with the ,bolearmoniacke3 keepe this powder close in a bladder1 when you would use it1 take one pinte and a halfe of faire water1 set it on the fire1 and when it is even ready to boyle1 put into it three spoonfuls of the powder2 then take it off from the fire1 and put it into a glasse1 and let it stand untill it be cleare at the top1 then take of the clearest1 and wash the sore very warme therewith1 and dip a cloth foure double in the same water1 and binde it fast about the sore with a rowler1 and keepe it warme3 dresse it thus twice a day4 ,a ,water for a ,fistula4 ,take one pint of white wine1 #a ounce of juyce of ,sage1 three penie weight of ,borace in powder1 ,camphire in powder the weight of foure pence3 boyle them all a prettie while on a gentle fire1 and it is done3 ,wash the ,fistula with this water1 for it is certainly good1 and approved to be true4 ,a ,water for the ,toothache4 ,take ground ivie1 salt1 and spearemint1 of each an handfull3 beat them very well together1 then boile them in a pint of vineger2 straine it1 and put a spoonfull of it into that side that aketh1 and hold downe your cheeke4 ,another ,water approved for the same4 ,take red rose leaves halfe a handfull1 ,pomegranate-flowers as many1 two gaules sliced thinne3 boyle them all in three quarters of a pint of red wine1 and halfe a pint of faire water untill the third part be wasted3 then straine it1 and hold a little of it in your mouth a good while3 then spit it out1 and take more4 ,also if there be any swelling on your cheeke1 apply the strainings betweene two clothes as hot as may be suffered4 ,this ,i have knowne to do good unto divers in this ,citie1 when as they have beene extreamely pained4 ,to make a ,water for the eyes4 ,take ,lapis ,calaminaris1 and burne it in the fire nine times1 and quench it in white wine1 and beat it into powder1 and when you use it1 put it into rose-water1 and drop the water into the eye4 ,for ,deafenesse4 ,take a good quantitie of ,camomill1 and two handfuls of greene ,wormewood1 and seethe them in a pot of running water till they be very well sodden1 and put a funnell over it1 and let the steame go up into the eare1 and then go to bed warme1 and stop your eare with a little blacke wooll1 and a grain of ,civet3 do this morning and evening1 and with ,gods assistance you shall finde ease4 ,an excellent ,electuary for the ,cough1 ,cold or against ,flegme4 ,take of ,germander1 ,hissope1 ,horehound1 white ,maidenhaire1 ,agrimony1 ,bettony1 ,liverwort1 ,lungwort1 and ,harts-tongue1 of each one handfull3 put these to nine pints of water1 and let them boyle to three pints2 then let it coole and straine it4 ,to this juyce put of clarified honey halfe a pound1 fine powder of ,liquorice fiue ounces1 fine powder of ,enulacampana root three ounces1 boyle them to the thicknesse of an ,electuary4 ,take of this at any time1 but specially in the morning fasting1 as also at night when you go to bed1 or two houres after supper1 the quantitie of a ,wallnut or ,nutmeg4 ,a very excellent salve to heale1 well proved1 for any old sore1 or new wound4 ,take of ,waxe1 ,rosin1 ,sheeps suet1 ,turpentine1 of each a like quantitie1 ,sallet oyle also as much3 mixe them all together1 and take the juyce of ,smallach1 of ,planten1 of ,orpin1 of ,buglosse1 of ,comfery1 of each a like quantitie3 let them boyle untill the iuyce of the hearbes be consumed2 and in the seething put a quantitie of ,rose-water1 and it will be a very good ,salue4 ,a soveraigne ,water to heale a greene wound3 and to stanch bloud4 ,take a pottle of running water1 and put thereto foure ounces of ,allum1 and one ounce of ,copras1 and let them seethe to a quart1 and then straine it1 and keepe it in a glasse1 and wash the wound1 and wet a cloth1 and lay to the fore1 and with ,gods helpe it will soone be healed4 ,for the ,byting of a mad ,dogge4 ,take brine1 and bathe the wound3 then burne ,claret wine1 and put in a little ,mithridate1 and so let the patient drinke it2 ,then take two live pigeons1 cut them through the middle1 and lay them hot to his hand if he be bitten in the armes4 ,if in his legges1 to the sole of his feet4 ,an ,oyle for any ,ach4 ,take a pound of unwashed butter1 and a handfull of red mints1 and a handfull of camomill1 a handfull of rew1 two ounces of oyle of ,exeter3 stamp the herbs to a juyce1 and boyle them with the butter2 straine them in a cloth1 and rub them out very well3 this so done1 take the oyle of ,exeter1 and put to them1 and stir them well together1 and put them into a gally pot1 and where the ach is anoint the place against the fire1 and lay a browne paper on it1 and wrap a cloth about the place1 and keepe it warme3 proved to be excellent4 ,to stanch the bleeding of a cut4 ,take a peece of a felt hat1 and burne it to a coale2 beat it to powder1 and put it in the cut1 and it will stanch the bleeding presently4 ,or else apply linnen rags that in the spring of the yeere have beene often washed in the sperm of frogs1 and afterward dried in the ,sunne4 ,for an ague1 to bee layd to the wrists4 ,take a handfull of soot1 a spoonfull of bay salt1 halfe a spoonfull of pepper2 bruse them together1 and temper them with two yelks of egs2 spread it on a cloth1 and lay it to the wrists4 ,almond milke for the cough of the lungs4 ,take foure spoonfuls of ,french barly well washed1 and boyle it in three wine pints of faire water1 unto a pint and a halfe2 then take it from the fire1 and let it coole1 and settle2 then take the cleere liquor1 and straine therewith a quarter of a pound of sweet almonds blanched1 and beaten2 then set it on the fire1 and let it boyle a while till it begin to grow thick2 then beat two yelks of egs1 and put them to it2 stirre them well together1 and put to it as much fine suger as will sweeten it1 and a spoonfull of damask rose water1 and so let it boyle a while longer1 till it be as thick as good creame2 eat of it warm twice or thrice a day1 but at breakfast especially4 ,for a scald head4 ,take a pinte of running water1 and as much ,mercury as a good walnut1 three or foure branches of ,rosemary2 boyle these all together till a third part be boyled away1 or thereabout1 and every morning and evening wash the infected place with some of this water cold1 and a quarter of an houre after or lesse anoint the place with lamp oyle1 and every morning after the first dressing try to pull up some of the hayre as easily as you can3 have care where you set this water1 for it is poyson4 ,if you shave the head1 and apply a plaster called ,emplastrum ,cephalicum cum ,euphorbio1 it is also excellent4 ,for to heale a red face that hath many pimples4 ,proved4 ,take foure ounces of barrowes grease1 and as much oyle of bayes1 halfe an ounce of quicksilver killed with fasting spettle1 then take two spoonfuls of wilde tansie water1 or honisuckle water1 and let all be ground in a morter three houres at the least1 untill you see nothing of the quicksilver1 and so keep it close in a glasse2 the older1 the better2 and when you go to bed anoint the face1 and look that you keep it from your eyes4 ,to wash the ,face1 if it be given to heat4 ,take ,snailes1 beat them shels and bodies together3 steep them a night in new milke3 then still them with the flowers of white ,lillies4 ,to make ,vsquebach4 ,take a gallon of the smallest ,aqua vit you can make1 put it into a close vessell of stone2 put thereto a quart of ,canary ,sacke1 two pounds of ,raisons of the ,sunne stoned1 but not washed1 two ounces of ,dates stoned1 and the white skinnes of them pulled out1 two ounces of ,cinamon grossely bruised1 foure good ,nutmegs bruised1 foure good ,liquorish sticks sliced1 and bruised1 tye up all your ,spices in a fine linnen cloth1 and put them into your ,aqua vit1 and tye up your pot very close1 and let this infuse a weeke1 stirring it three times a day1 then let it runne through a jelly bagge close covered2 keepe it in glasse bottles4 ,to make ,almond ,butter4 ,take two pound of ,almonds1 and blanch them1 and let them lye all night in cold water3 then grinde them in a mortar very small1 and put in a blade of ,mace or two2 then straine it through a strong cloth as neare as you can1 that the milke be not too thin1 and let it seethe a prettie while3 then put in a little ,rose-water1 and a little salt when you take it off the fire1 and stirre it still3 then take a bigge cloth very cleane1 and let two hold it2 then you must take the milke and cast it round about the sides of the cloth that the whay may come from it2 then with a saucer put it downe from the sides3 then knit the cloth1 and hang it up untill it have left dropping2 then take it forth1 and season it with fine ,sugar and ,rose-water4 ,to make ,ielly for one that is in a ,consumption1 or troubled with a loosenesse4 ,take the feet of a ,calfe1 and when the haire is cleane scalded off1 slit them in the middle1 and cut away all the blacke veines1 and the fat1 and wash them very cleane1 and so put them in a bucket of faire water1 and let them lye foure and twentie houres1 and in that time the oftner you shift them in faire water it will be the better2 then set them on the fire in two gallons of water1 or somewhat lesse1 and let them boyle very softly1 continually taking off the scumme and fat which riseth2 and when the liquour is more then halfe boyled away1 put into it a pinte and a halfe of white wine1 and as it boyleth there will come a foule scumme upon it1 take it off still cleane1 and when the ,ielly is boyled enough1 you may know1 for your fingers will sticke to the spoone2 then take it from the fire1 and with a ,cullender take out all the bones and flesh1 and when the ,ielly is almost cold1 beat the whites of sixe ,egges1 and put into it1 and set it on the fire againe1 and so let it boyle till it be cleare3 then straine it through a cleane cloth into a ,bason1 and so let it stand all night long2 the next morning put it into a skellet1 and put to it a pound of ,sugar1 halfe an ounce of ,cinamon broken in peeces1 one ounce of ,nutmegs1 an ounce of ,ginger bruised1 and a good quantitie of large ,mace2 boyle all these together till it taste of the ,spices as much as you desire1 and when it is almost cold1 take the whites of six egs1 and beat them1 and put into it1 and set it on the fire1 and when it riseth wilde it in halfe a pint of white wine2 then strain it through a jelly bag4 ,to stay the flux4 ,take ,date stones1 and beat them to fine powder1 and take the quantity of one of them1 and drink it with posset drink1 or beere2 use these two or three mornings together1 and after as often as you finde occasion2 this is very good4 ,in the month of ,may gather of the reddest ,oak leaves you can get1 and still them1 and when need requireth make pap thereof1 mingled with milk or fine flower1 suger1 and ,cinamon1 as oft as your stomack serveth to eat it4 ,to make green ,ink4 ,take greene bice and grinde it with gum water1 and if you will have it a sadder green1 put a little saffron to the grinding4 ,to make blew ,ink4 ,take fine flower1 and grinde it with a little chalk1 and allum1 and then put it in a violl4 ,for an ,ague4 ,take a handfull of hartstong that groweth in the field1 and a handfull of bay salt1 and beat them both together in a morter1 and lay this to both the wrists4 ,a water good against the plangs1 or to be given after a surfet4 ,take red ,sage1 ,celendine1 ,rosemary1 ,hearbegrace1 ,wormwood1 ,mugwort1 ,pimpernell1 ,dragons1 ,scabious1 ,egrimony1 ,rosa solis1 and ,balme1 of each a handfull1 or like quantity by weight2 wash and shake them in a cloth2 then shred and put them into a gallon of white wine1 with a quarter of an ounce of ,gentian roots1 and as much of ,angelica roots2 let it stand two dayes and two nights close covered1 and then distill it at your pleasure1 and stop the glasse very close in which you keep the same4 ,to avoyd urine that stopped with the stone4 ,take as much black sope as a walnut1 temper it with eight or ten leaves of ,english saffron1 spread it upon a round leather as big as the palme of your hand1 and cover the navell of your belly therewithall1 and it shall cause you to make water4 ,for the stone and strangury4 ,take the filmes that is within the mawes of geese1 and let them bee purely dried1 and then make powder thereof1 and drink it with stale ale1 and it will help him with ,gods grace4 ,proved4 ,for scald heads4 ,take green ,coperas1 and mingle it with creame till it bee turned yellow1 and let it stand three or foure dayes3 then take primrose roots1 leaves and all1 with ,may butter1 and beat the roots and leaves in the butter1 and boyle them together with a little beere and butter1 and let it touch no salt4 ,to cure an old ,vlcer4 ,take a quart of the strongest ,ale that is to be gotten1 or brewed1 halfe a pint of raw honey1 two ounces of roch allum beaten1 halfe a pint of ,sallet oyle1 and the quantitie of a ,tennis ball of common washing ,sope1 one ounce of stone pitch beaten2 one ounce of ,rosin beaten1 two ounces of yellow waxe3 boyle all these together1 and straine them through a thin linnen cloth2 and this will cure any old ,vlcer4 ,a ,water to cleanse1 and mundifie old rotten sores and ulcers4 ,take a wine pint of stilled water of ,planten1 as much white wine2 put therein two ounces of ,roch allum1 a dramme of ,verdigrease1 a dramme of ,mercurie sublimed3 boyle all these together1 and keepe them in a thicke glasse being stoped with waxe very close that the strength go not out2 this will cleanse and mundifie old sores3 ,it will also heale a ,fistula if you use a siering1 so that the water may come to the bottome of the sore4 ,the ,medicine of medicines proved for the ,stone4 ,take a quantity of eg-shels1 wash them cleane2 those are the best whereout chickens are come2 dry them very dry in an oven1 or betweene two tile stones2 then make powder thereof1 searce it1 and mingle it with sugar1 or powder of licoras to give it taste1 and let him use it as often as hee needeth1 morning and evening1 either with ,rhenish wine1 white wine1 or stale ale1 a spoonfull of the powder at a time1 and use to make water in a cleane bason1 and so you shall see the deliverance hereof4 ,a precious water for the sight4 ,take ,smallage1 ,fennell1 ,rew1 ,verveine1 ,egrimony1 ,daffadill1 ,pimpernell1 and ,sage1 and still them with breast milk together with five drams of frankincense1 and drop of it in your eyes each night3 often proved4 ,for the ,fluxe to stay it4 ,take the yolke of an ,egge1 and beat it1 then mixe with it one grated ,nutmegge1 and lay it on an hot tyle stone to bake1 and eate thereof fasting1 and before ,supper1 and after meales1 and it will stay it4 ,often proved to be excellent4 ,a good ,powder for the ,gout4 ,take fine ,ginger the weight of two groats1 and ,enula campane-roots dryed1 the weight of foure groats1 of ,liquorish the weight of eight groats1 of ,sugar-candy three ounces2 beat all these into a powder1 searce them fine1 and then mingle them together1 and drinke thereof morning and evening1 and all times of the day4 ,approved4 ,a speciall ,medicine for the ,collicke4 ,take ,horehound halfe an handfull1 of ,sage1 and ,hysope of either as much1 twelve leaves of ,betony1 of ,centaury sixe crops1 one ,alexander-root1 foure penie weight of ,enula-campana roots powdered1 ,spikenard of ,spaine one penie worth2 seethe all these in three quarts of fine wort to a pottle1 and draw it through a linnen cloth1 and take three spoonfuls at once morning and evening4 ,to take away rednesse of burning of the ,eyes4 ,take the white of an ,egge1 and beat it very well with a spoonfull or two of red ,rose-water1 then put thereto the pap of a rosted apple1 mingle them well together1 and spread it upon a little ,flaxe2 so lay it on the eye1 binding it on with a linnen cloth4 ,for the ,rheume in the ,eyes4 ,take the white of an ,egge1 and so much ,bolearmoniacke as will thicken it1 and spread it on a round plaister of sheeps leather1 and lay it on the temples on that side the ,rheume is4 ,the ,oyntment for the same4 ,take ,lapis ,tuti and burne it in a fire-shovell of quicke coales1 quench it in a poringer of womans milke1 do so halfe a score times1 then grinde it in a cleane morter till it be very fine powder1 then mingle it with fresh ,barrows grease till it looke russet3 anoint your eyes with a little of it when you go to bed4 ,for ,deafenesse4 ,take ,rew1 and rub it betweene the palmes of your hands untill it be so brused that you may make thereof a tent2 then dip it in sweet sallet oyle1 and put in each eare one1 so that you may pull them forth againe4 ,this doe for seven or eight dayes1 and change the tent every day4 ,another4 ,take a quarter of a pinte of ,angelica water1 of ,cardus ,benedictus water1 and of white wine1 of either a like quantity3 mingle them together1 dividing the same into two equall parts2 drink it in two severall mornings3 then the next night after the taking of the second draught of water1 take the fish of an oyster1 and put it into a fayre linnen cloth1 and stop the same into the eare that is thickest of hearing1 and lie on that side as long as you can3 in the morning pick that eare as cleane as you can1 and after that take a draught of the best ale you can get1 with a toast of houshold bread toasted very dry1 a reasonable quantity of nutmegs2 use the same every morning for five or six dayes1 fasting after the taking hereof two houres1 every time you take it4 ,for the cough of the lungs4 ,take two handfuls of ,rosemary1 and strip it of the stalk1 one of ,hissop1 and seethe them in a pottle of running water1 till it come to a quart1 and then put a quarter of a pound of fine sugar1 and let it seethe a little1 and scum it1 drink it morning and evening4 ,a present remedie for all manner aches1 and bruises in the ,bones4 ,take a good quantitie of ,wallwort1 and a certaine quantity of ,balme1 and ,smallach1 and stamp them1 and take a pound of ,may ,butter1 and temper them very well together1 then make them into round bals1 and let them lye for the space of eight dayes after1 and then stampe them again as you did before2 then take it1 and fry it1 and straine it1 and put it into an earthen pot3 ,this will helpe the bruise1 be it never so blacke4 ,for burning1 or scalding4 ,to take out the fire1 beat onyons very small1 and binde them to the place4 ,to heale it1 take halfe a pound of sheeps suet1 as much sheeps dung1 a quarter of a pound of the inner rinde of an ,elder tree1 and a little ,housleeke3 fry them altogether1 and straine it1 and use it as a plaister1 or make a serecloth of it1 and apply it to the grieved part4 ,for ,burstnesse of old1 or young4 ,take nine red ,snailes1 lay them betweene two tyles of clay1 so that they creepe not nor slide away1 and bake them in the hot embers1 or in an oven1 till they may be powdered1 then take the powder of one of the ,snailes1 and put it in white wine1 and let the patient drinke it in the morning at his rising1 and fast two houres after1 and drinke these nine ,snailes in eighteene dayes1 that is1 every other day one4 ,and if the sicknesse be so old that it will not heale in eighteene dayes1 begin againe1 and drinke other nine ,snailes1 and he shall be whole4 ,probatum est4 ,a ,salve for all sores4 ,take a pound of sheepes-tallow1 and a pound of ,turpentine1 and a pound of ,virgin waxe1 a pint of ,sallet oyle1 a quarter of a pound of ,rosin3 take also ,bugle1 ,smallach1 and ,plantaine halfe the quantitie of the other1 or so much as will make a pint just3 boyle all these together upon a soft fire of coales1 alwayes stirring it till a third part be consumed2 then take it from the fire1 and straine it through a new canvas cloth into an earthen pot4 ,for ,bleeding4 ,take a blacke ,toade in ,may1 drie it betweene two tile stones1 and hang it in ,sarcenet about the parties necke4 ,to procure sleepe4 ,take ,betony1 ,roseleaves1 ,vinegar1 ,nutmeg1 and the crummes of ,rye-bread3 put this in a cloth warme to the poll of the head4 ,for the ,cough4 ,two handfuls of last ,saverie1 steepe it five dayes in white wine vineger1 put into the vineger halfe an ounce of ,pepper1 at the five dayes end draine out the vineger1 and as soone as the bread is drawne1 set them in a ,pewter dish into the oven1 and stop it up1 and let them stand all night4 ,in the morning take them out of the ,oven and powder them4 ,take of this powder and drinke it with ,sacke1 so much of it as will lye on a three-pence4 ,a ,gargill for the ,vvula4 ,take a pint of good strong ,ale1 and as much ,sacke1 and a good quantitie of long pepper1 and bruise it grossely1 and boyle it from a quart to a pinte1 and let the parties gargle their mouthes1 and throats as warme as they may suffer it4 ,if the pallat of the mouth be downe1 it will fetch it up4 ,for ,deafnesse very excellent good4 ,take the hoofes of the ,neats feet after they be sodden1 and hold them in a cloth so warme as may be to your eare1 divers times together one after another3 they will last to be warmed in the same they were sodden in some three or foure dayes without sowring4 ,,finis4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,transcriber's note3 ,variable capitalisations and hyphenations in the original have been retained4 ,unusual and multiple spellings in the original have been retained4 ,all scribal abbreviations have been expanded4 ,all instances of ',,vv' standing in for ',w' have been changed to ',w4' ,first ,booke ,title ,page3 ,comma inserted after 'workes1' ,the first of water workes1 ,the ,to ,the ,reader3 'me' changed to 'be1' hap as hap may be ,how to harden ,leather3 'grinstone' changed to 'grindstone1' under a grindstone1 into ,experiments of forcing water by ayer compressed3 'hol' and 'low' joined1 a round hollow ball ,experiments of forcing water by ,engins3 ,full stop added after 'side1' from it on the side4 ,having thus ,experiments of producing sounds by ,engins3 'de-' struck from 'de-desired1' to expresse your desired tune ,second 'it' struck1 it will play upon the bels ,how to make the double perpendicular glasse3 ,second 'the' struck1 it will suck up the water ,how to make the treble perpendicular glasse3 ,heading added1 ,how to make the treble perpendicular glasse4 ,a ,water-clock1 or a ,glasse shewing the houre of the day3 ',k1 ,g1 ,g' changed to ',e1 ,f1 ,g1' the length of the glasse ,e1 ,f1 ,g ,second ,booke ,a ,receipt of a ,composition that will kindle with the water3 'limekill' changed to 'limekiln1' set it in a limekiln ,second ,another4 heading added4 ,how to make ,balloones1 also the morter ,peece to discharge them3 ,full stop and comma exchanged1 with its portfire1 ,o4 ,how to make ,saucissons3 ,second 'a' struck1 forme having a hole ,the description and making of three sorts of ,fire-lances3 ,second 'and' struck1 staffe1 and prime it ,how to make ,rockets for the water3 ,second 'the' struck1 while above the water1 ,third ,booke ,a ,carnation1 or ,flesh-colour3 ',canation' changed to ',carnation1' ,a ,carnation1 or ,flesh-colour4 ,a good yellow3 ,comma changed to full stop1 with gum-water4 ,sad it with ,to temper ,azure or ,bise3 'of' changed to 'or' in heading1 ,to temper ,azure or ,bise4 ,the ,booke of ,extravagants ,to make ,iron have the colour of ,brasse3 'wherin' changed to 'wherein1' aqua fortis1 wherein the filings ,a good ,cement for broken glasses3 ,sub-heading ',another4' italicised4 ,an excellent oyntment for the ,shingles1 ,morphew1 ,tetters1 and ,ringwormes3 'anyont' changed to 'anoynt1' wherewith anoynt the grieved parts4 ,to make ,almond ,butter3 'prettle' changed to 'prettie1' let it seethe a prettie while3 ,to stay the flux3 'cinamom' changed to ',cinamon1' or fine flower1 suger1 and ,cinamon ,to make blew ,ink3 ',tae' changed to ',take1' ,take fine flower1 and grinde ,for ,deafenesse3 ,sub-heading ',another4' added4