,transcriber's ,notes3 ,italic text is marked thus2 bold text is shown thus4 ,small capitals have been changed to ,,all ,,capitals4 9999 represents inverted asterism4 ,apparent typographical and punctuation errors have been corrected and hyphenation standardised except where the meaning would be affected4 ,original accentuation has been retained with one exception1 7see further transcriber's notes74 ,original spelling has been retained with some exceptions which are explained in the further transcriber's note at the end of the main text4 ,footnotes moved to the end of the book 7prior to further transcriber's notes74 ,page ,header3 ,,various ,,retrievers4 ,illustration3 ,,cross ,,between ,,water ,,spaniel ,,and ,,newfoundland ,,dog--,,between ,,water ,,spaniel ,,and ,,setter ,,dog--,,between ,,setter ,,and ,,newfoundland ,,dog4 ,,dog ,,breaking4 ,,the ,,most ,,expeditious1 ,,certain1 ,,and ,,easy ,,method1 ,,whether ,,great ,,excellence ,,or ,,only ,,mediocrity ,,be ,,required1 ,,with ,,odds ,,and ,,ends ,,for ,,those ,,who ,,love ,,the ,,dog ,,and ,,gun4 ,,by ,,major-,,general ,w4 ,n4 ,,hutchinson1 ,,late ,,colonel ,,grenadier ,,guards4 ,,fourth ,,edition1 ,,revised ,,and ,,enlarged4 ,illustration3 ,,near ,,waltham ,,abbey1 #ast ,sept4 #ahdg4 ,,london3 ,,john ,,murray1 ,,albemarle ,,street4 #ahfe4 ,,london ,r4 ,,clay1 ,,son1 ,,and ,,taylor1 ,,printers1 ,,bread ,,street ,,hill4 ,,preface ,,to ,,fourth ,,edition4 ,a ,,fourth preface1 ,mr4 ,murray666 ,there are not sufficient materials1 although there is some fresh matter1 and undeniably1 many excellent sketches1 thanks to the clever artist ,f4 ,w4 ,,keyl1 and the talented amateur ,john ,m----n1 who1 contrary to the advice of many friends1 has determined that the sword shall be his profession rather than the pencil4 ,well6--another party shall speak for me1 and much surprised will he be to find the duty his words are performing2 but they advocate so good a cause that ,i feel sure of his forgiveness4 ,he writes in the third person1 for we are perfect strangers to each other4 ,captain ,t----r has all his life been a most enthusiastic sportsman1 but never broke a dog1 until a year ago1 when he happened to come across the ,major-,general's work on ',dog-breaking4' ,since then he has trained two entirely on the system laid down in the book4 ,people say they have never before seen dogs so well broken--certainly the owner never has4 ,always an ardent disciple of ,st4 ,hubert1 ,captain ,t----r is now still more so from the increased gratification he derives from the performance of animals trained entirely by himself4 ,reader1 why not give yourself a similar gratification8 ,w4 ,n4 ,h4 ,,government ,,house1 ,,devonport1 ,december1 #ahfd4 ,,preface ,,to ,,third ,,edition4 ,i cannot help congratulating my canine friends1 7and may ,i not their masters also871 on the circulation of two large impressions of this work2 for ,i trust that many of the suggestions therein offered have been adopted1 and that their education has consequently been effected in a much shorter period1 and with far less punishment1 than that of their forefathers4 ,i have endeavoured in the present edition to render more complete the lessons respecting ,setters and ,pointers4 ,i have added somewhat on the subject of ,spaniels1 ,retrievers1 and ,bloodhounds4 ,it has been my aim1 also1 to give a few useful hints regarding the rearing and preservation of ,game2 and ,i shall be disappointed if the youngest of my readers does not derive1 from the perusal of what ,i have written1 an assurance that he need not take the field wholly ignorant of all sporting matters1 or without any knowledge of the best method of handling arms4 ,w4 ,n4 ,h4 ,,preface ,,to ,,second ,,edition4 ,when ,colonel ,hawker1 who has been styled the ,emperor of ,sportsmen1 writes to me1 7and kindly permits me to quote his words71 ,i perfectly agree with you in everything you have said1 and ,i think your work should be preached in a series of lectures to every dog-breaker in the profession1 as all these fellows are too fond of the whip1 which hardens the animal they are instructing1 and the use of their own tongues1 which frighten away the birds you want to shoot1 ,i feel some confidence in the correctness of what ,i have put forth4 ,but there may be points that have not been noticed1 and some things that require explanation1 especially as regards ,spaniels and ,retrievers4 ,in endeavouring to supply these deficiencies1 ,i hope my additional prosing may not send the dog-breaker to sleep1 instead of helping to make him more wide-awake4 ,w4 ,n4 ,h4 ,,preface ,,no ,,preface4 7,,for ,,first ,,edition47 ,my respected ,publisher has suggested that a ,preface may be expected4 ,his opinion on such a subject ought to be law2 but as ,i fear my readers may think that ,i have already sufficiently bored them1 ,i will beg them1 in ,irish fashion1 to refer any formalist1 who considers a ,preface necessary1 to the conclusion of the work1 where a statement will be found of the motive which induced me to write4 ,w4 ,n4 ,h4 ,,contents4 ,,chapter ,i4 ,,page ,,preliminary ,,observations4 ,,qualifications1 ,,in ,,breaker1--,,in ,,dog #a ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,,initiatory ,,lessons ,,within ,,doors4 ,,shooting ,,ponies #i ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,,initiatory ,,lessons ,,continued4 ,,spaniels #bj ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,,lessons ,,in ,,fetching4--,,retrievers #eg ,,chapter ,v4 ,,initiatory ,,lessons ,,out ,,of ,,doors4--,,tricks #gf ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,,first ,,lesson ,,in ,,september ,,commenced4 ,,ranging #ii ,,chapter ,,vii4 ,,first ,,lessons ,,in ,,september ,,continued4 ,,caution4--,,nature',s ,,mysterious ,,influences #aaa ,,chapter ,,viii4 ,,first ,,lesson ,,in ,,september ,,continued4 ,,cunning ,,of ,,age4--,,range ,,of ,,from ,,two ,,to ,,six ,,dogs #abi ,,chapter ,,ix4 ,,first ,,lesson ,,in ,,september ,,continued4 ,,point ,,not ,,relinquished ,,for ,,down ,,charge #aej ,,chapter ,x4 ,,first ,,lesson ,,in ,,september ,,continued4 ,,assistant4--,,vermin #afe ,,chapter ,,xi4 ,,first ,,lesson ,,in ,,september ,,concluded4 ,,bar4--,,leg ,,strap4 --,,spike-,,collar #agf ,,chapter ,,xii4 ,,shooting ,,hares4 ,,courage ,,imparted4--,,backing ,,taught #aid ,,chapter ,,xiii4 ,,hints ,,to ,,purchasers4 ,,price ,,of ,,dogs4--,,sheep ,,killing #baj ,,chapter ,,xiv4 ,a ,,rest ,,beyond ,,half-,,way ,,house4 ,,anecdotes ,,of ,,dogs ,,on ,,service ,,at ,,home #bcj ,,chapter ,,xv4 ,,anecdotes ,,of ,,dogs ,,on ,,service ,,abroad4 ,,russian ,,setters #bdi ,,chapter ,,xvi4 ,,distinguishing ,,whistles4 ,,backing ,,the ,,gun4 ,,retreat ,,from ,,and ,,resumption ,,of ,,point4 ,,range ,,unaccompanied ,,by ,,gun4 ,,heading ,,running ,,birds #bgh ,,chapter ,,xvii4 ,,setter ,,to ,,retrieve4 ,,bloodhounds4 ,,retrievers ,,to ,,beat4 ,,wounded ,,wildfowl ,,retrieved ,,before ,,the ,,killed #bid ,,chapter ,,xviii4 ,,beckford4 ,,st4 ,,john4 ,,condition4 ,,inoculation4 ,,vaccination4 ,,conclusion #cjg ,,postscript3 ,,mr4 ,l----,g',s ,,letter #cbb ,,appendix3 ,,covers1 ,,shooting1 ,,loading #cbh ,,trapping4--,,owl ,,as ,,decoy4--,,hen ,,harrier4--,,keeper',s ,,vermin-,,dogs4--,,stoats #cca ,,rearing ,,pheasants4--,,cantelo4--,,pheasantries 4--,,mr4 ,,knox #cce ,,setters4--,,poachers4--,,keepers4--,,n etting ,,partridges4 --,,bloodhounds4--,,night-,,dogs #cdd ,,index1 in which the figures refer to the numbers of the paragraphs1 and not to the pages #cdi ,,list ,,of ,,illustrations4 ,,various ,,retrievers ,frontispiece4 ,,scene ,,near ,,waltham ,,abbey1 #ast ,sept4 #ahdg ,title-page4 ,,old-,,fashioned ,,english ,,setter1--,,retrievers1 ,,one ,a ,,cross ,,with ,,bloodhound4 7,lesson ,,viii4 ,par4 #ada7 ,page #be ,,the ,,check--',,hold ,,hard6' #cj ,a ,,four-,,legged ,,whipper-,,in #cc ,,clumbers4 7,lesson ,,iii4 ,par4 #ada7 #dc ,,wild ,,spaniels4 7,lesson ,,xii4 ,par4 #ada7 #dg ,,irish ,,water ,,spaniel4 7,lesson ,i4 ,par4 #ada7 #ec ,,inclined ,,to ',,rat' #gg ,,broaching ,a ,,barrel #hd ,,deaf ,,to ,,the ,,voice ,,of ,,persuasion #ij ,a ,,solicitor #ia ,,replete ,,with ,,good ,,things #ie ,,backing ,,the ,,gun ,,against ,,the ,,bird #aag ,,safely ,,moored1 ',,stem' ,,and ',,stern' #aba ,,stiff ,,by ,,the ,,tainted ,,gale ,,with ,,open ,,nose ,,outstretched ,,and ,,finely ,,sensible #abd ,a ,,dog-,,fish #abe ,,small1 ,,active ,,pointer4 7,lesson ,,ix4 ,par4 #ada7 #aca ,,short-,,legged ,,strong-,,loined ,,sussex ,,spaniel4 7,lesson ,,xv4 ,par4 #ada7 #acg ,,duke ,,of ,,gordon',s ,,black ,,and ,,tan ,,setters4 7,lesson ,,xiv4 ,par4 #ada7 #ada ,,large ,,heavy ,,pointer4 7,lesson ,x4 ,pars4 #ada and #bff7 #aeg ,,carrying ,a ,,point1 ,,and ,,carrying ,a ,,pointer #agc ,,the ,,first ,,course #aig ,,fashionable 7,,english7 ,,setter1 ,,and ,,old-,,fashioned ,,pointer4 7,lesson ,,xiii4 ,par4 #ada7 #bae ,,irish ,,red ,,setter4 7,lesson ,,ii4 ,par4 #ada7 #bba ,,scene ,,from ',,cripple-,,gait4'--',,game' ,,to ,,the ,,last #bcg ,,domini ,,and ',,dominos' #bde ,,the ,,mighty ,,king #bed ,,cool ,,as ,a ,,cucumber #bee ,a ,,regular ,,bore #bei ,,there ,,are ,,bounds ,,to ,,sport #bfc ,,warm ,,greeting ,,of ,a ,,great ',,bore' #bff ,,invitation ,,to ,a ',,white-,,bait' ,,dinner #bfg ,,bringing ,,home ,,the ,,brush #bfi ,,scene ,,on ,,the ',,thlew-,e-,,ch,h-,,dezeth' #bgb ,,russian ,,setter4 7,lesson ,,xi4 ,pars4 #ada and #bff7 #bge ,,tell ,,me ,,my ,,heart 7,,hart7 ,,if ,,this ,,be ,,love #bhc ,,division ,,of ,,property #big ,,example ,,better ,,than ,,precept #cjc ,,portrait ,,of ,,brisk #cba ',,foul' ,,feeding #ccf ,a ,,well-,,trained ,,bloodhound #cde 9999,the ,frontispiece1 ,vignette ,title1 and the ,lessons1 are designed and drawn on ,wood by ,f4 ,w4 ,,keyl4 ,see #dth ,preface4 ,,dog-,,breaking4 ,,chapter ,i4 ,,preliminary ,,observations4 ,,qualifications1 ,,in ,,breaker1--,,in ,,dog4 #a4 ,dog-breaking an ,art easily acquired4--#b4 ,most expeditious ,mode of imparting every ,degree of ,education4 ,time bestowed determines ,grade of ,education4 ,in note1 ,col4 ,hawker's opinion4--#c4 ,sportsmen recommended to break in their own ,dogs4--#d4 ,men of property too easily satisfied with badly broken ,dogs4 ,keepers have no ,excuse for ,dogs being badly broken4--#e4 ,great ,experience in ,dog-breaking1 or ,excellence in ,shooting1 not necessary4 ,dispositions of ,dogs vary4--#f4 ,what is required in an ,instructor4--#g4 ,early in a ,season any ,dog will answer1 a good one necessary afterwards4 ,hallooing1 rating ,dogs1 and loud whistling spoil ,sport4 ,in note1 ,age and choice of birds4 ,several shots fired from ,stooks at ,grouse without alarming them4 ,american ,partridges and our ,pheasants killed while at roost4--#h4 ,what a well broken ,dog ought to do4--#i4 ,severity reprobated4--#aj4 ,astley's ,method of teaching his ,horses4--#aa4 ,franconi's ,cirque ,national de ,paris4--#ab4 ,initiatory ,lessons recommended--to be given when alone with ,dog--given fasting4--#ac4 ,success promised if rules be followed4 ,advantages of an expeditious ,education4 ,september shooting not sacrificed4 ,page ,header3 ,,art ,,easily ,,acquired4 #a4 ,dog-breaking1 so far from being a mystery1 is an art easily acquired when it is commenced and continued on rational principles4 #b4 ,i think you will be convinced of this if you will have the patience to follow me1 whilst ,i endeavour to explain what1 ,i am satisfied1 is the most certain and rapid method of breaking in your dogs1 whether you require great proficiency in them1 or are contented with an inferior education4 ,no quicker system has yet been devised1 however humble the education may be4 ,the education in fact1 of the peasant1 and that of the future double-first collegian1 begins and proceeds on the same principle4 ,you know your own circumstances1 and you must yourself determine what time you choose to devote to tuition2 and1 as a consequence1 the degree of excellence to which you aspire4 ,i can only assure you of my firm conviction1 that no other means will enable you to gain your object so quickly2 and ,i speak with a confidence derived from long experience in many parts of the world1 on a subject that was1 for several years1 my great hobby4#a #c4 ,every writer is presumed to take some interest in his reader2 ,i therefore feel privileged to address you as a friend1 and will commence my lecture by strongly recommending1 that1 if your occupations will allow it1 you take earnestly and heartily to educating your dogs yourself4 ,if you possess temper and some judgment1 and will implicitly attend to my advice1 ,i will go bail for your success2 and much as you may now love shooting1 you will then like it infinitely more4 ,try the plan ,i recommend1 and ,i will guarantee that the ,pointer or ,setter pup which ,i will1 for example sake1 suppose to be now in your kennel1 shall be a better dog by the end of next season 7,i mean a more killing dog7 than probably any you ever yet shot over4 #d4 ,possibly1 you will urge1 that you are unable to spare the time which ,i consider necessary for giving him a high education1 7brief as that time is1 compared with the many1 many months wasted in the tedious methods usually employed71 and that you must1 perforce1 content yourself with humbler qualifications4 ,be it so4 ,i can only condole with you1 for in your case this may be partly true2 mind ,i only say partly true4 ,but how a man of property1 who keeps a regular gamekeeper1 can be satisfied with the disorderly1 disobedient troop1 to which he often shoots1 ,i cannot understand4 ,where the gamekeeper is permitted to accompany his master in the field1 and hunt the dogs himself1 there can be no valid excuse for the deficiency in their education4 ,the deficiency must arise either from the incapacity1 or from the idleness of the keeper4 #e4 ,unlike most other arts1 dog-breaking does not require much experience2 but such a knowledge of dogs1 as will enable you to discriminate between their different tempers and dispositions 7,i had almost said characters7--and they vary greatly--is very advantageous4 ,some require constant encouragement2 some you must never beat2 whilst1 to gain the required ascendancy over others1 the whip must be occasionally employed4 ,nor is it necessary that the instructor should be a very good shot2 which probably is a more fortunate circumstance for me than for you4 ,it should even be received as a principle that birds ought to be now and then missed to young dogs1 lest some day1 if your nerves happen to be out of order1 or a cockney companion be harmlessly blazing away1 your dog take it into his head and heels to run home in disgust1 as ,i have seen a bitch1 called ,countess1 do more than once1 in ,haddingtonshire4 ,page ,header3 ,,requisites ,,in ,,an ,,instructor4 #f4 ,the chief requisites in a breaker are3--,firstly1 command of temper1 that he may never be betrayed into giving one unnecessary blow1 for1 with dogs as with horses1 no work is so well done as that which is done cheerfully2 secondly1 consistency1 that in the exhilaration of his spirits1 or in his eagerness to secure a bird1 he may not permit a fault to pass unreproved 7,i do not say unpunished7 which at a less exciting moment he would have noticed--and that1 on the other hand1 he may not correct a dog the more harshly1 because the shot has been missed1 or the game lost2 and lastly1 the exercise of a little reflection1 to enable him to judge what meaning an unreasoning animal is likely to attach to every word and sign1 nay to every look4 ,page ,header3 ,,halloing ,,spoils ,,sport4 #g4 ,with the coarsest tackle1 and worst flies1 trout can be taken in unflogged waters1 while it requires much science1 and the finest gut1 to kill persecuted fish4 ,it is the same in shooting4 ,with almost any sporting dog1 game can be killed early in the season1 when the birds lie like stones1 and the dog can get within a few yards of them2 but you will require one highly broken1 to obtain many shots when they are wild4 ,then any incautious approach of the dog1 or any noise1 would flush the game1 and your own experience will tell you that nothing so soon puts birds on the run1 and makes them so ready to take flight1 as the sound of the human voice1 especially now-a-days1 when farmers generally prefer the scythe to the sickle1 and clean husbandry1 large fields1 and trim narrow hedges1 7affording no shelter from wet7 have forced the partridge--a short-winged#b bird--unwillingly to seek protection 7when arrived at maturity7 in ready flight rather than in concealment4 ,even the report of a gun does not so much alarm them as the command1 ,toho1 or ,down charge1#c usually1 too1 as if to make matters worse1 hallooed to the extent of the breaker's lungs4 ,there are anglers who recommend silence as conducive to success1 and there are no experienced sportsmen who do not acknowledge its great value in shooting4 ,rate or beat a dog at one end of a field1 and the birds at the other will lift their heads1 become uneasy1 and be ready to take wing the moment you get near them4 ,penn1 in his clever maxims on ,angling and ,chess1 observes to this effect1 if you wish to see the fish1 do not let him see you2 and with respect to shooting1 we may as truly say1 if you wish birds to hear your gun1 do not let them hear your voice4 ,even a loud whistle disturbs them4 ,mr4 ,o----t of ,c----e says1 a gamekeeper's motto ought to be1--,no whistling--no whipping--no noise1 when master goes out for sport4 ,page ,header3 ,,what ,a ,,dog ,,ought ,,to ,,do4 #h4 ,these observations lead unavoidably to the inference1 that no dog can be considered perfectly broken1 that does not make his point when first he feels assured of the presence of game1 and remain stationary where he makes it1 until urged on by you to draw nearer--that does not1 as a matter of course1 lie down without any word of command the moment you have fired1 and afterwards perseveringly seek for the dead bird in the direction you may point out1--and all this without your once having occasion to speak1 more than to say in a low voice1 ,find1 when he gets near the dead bird1 as will be hereafter explained4 ,moreover1 it must be obvious that he risks leaving game behind him if he does not hunt every part of a field1 and1 on the other hand1 that he wastes your time and his strength1 if he travel twice over the same ground1 nay1 over any ground which his powers of scent have already reached4 ,of course1 ,i am now speaking of a dog hunted without a companion to share his labours4 #i4 ,you may say1 ,how is all this1 which sounds so well in theory1 to be obtained in practice without great severity8 ,believe me1 with severity it never can be attained4 ,if flogging would make a dog perfect1 few would be found unbroken in ,england or ,scotland1 and scarcely one in ,ireland4 #aj4 ,astley's method was to give each horse his preparatory lessons alone1 and when there was no noise or anything to divert his attention from his instructor4 ,if the horse was interrupted during the lesson1 or his attention in any way withdrawn1 he was dismissed for that day4 ,when perfect in certain lessons by himself1 he was associated with other horses1 whose education was further advanced4 ,and it was the practice of that great master to reward his horses with slices of carrot or apple when they performed well4 ,page ,header3 ,,astley ,,and ,,franconi4 #aa4 ,mons4 ,a4 ,franconi in a similar manner rewards his horses4 ,one evening ,i was in such a position1 at a performance of the ,cirque ,national de ,paris1 that ,i could clearly see1 during the ,lutte des ,voltigeurs1 that the broad-backed horse held for the men to jump over was continually coaxed with small slices of carrots to remain stationary1 whilst receiving their hard thumps as they sprang upon him4 ,i could not make out why the horse was sniffing and apparently nibbling at the chest of the man standing in front of him with a rein in each hand to keep his tail towards the spring-board1 until ,i remarked that a second man1 placed in the rear of the other1 every now and then1 slily passed his hand under his neighbour's arm to give the horse a small piece of carrot4 #ab4 ,astley may give us a useful hint in our far easier task of dog-breaking4 ,we see that he endeavoured by kindness and patience to make the horse thoroughly comprehend the meaning of certain words and signals before he allowed him any companion4 ,so ought you1 by what may be termed initiatory lessons1 to make your young dog perfectly understand the meaning of certain words and signs1 before you hunt him in the company of another dog--nay1 before you hunt him at all2 and1 in pursuance of ,astley's plan1 you ought to give these lessons when you are alone with the dog1 and his attention is not likely to be withdrawn to other matters4 ,give them1 also1 when he is fasting1 as his faculties will then be clearer1 and he will be more eager to obtain any rewards of biscuit or other food4 ,page ,header3 ,,quick ,,training4 #ac4 ,be assured1 that by a consistent adherence to the simple rules which ,i will explain1 you can obtain the perfection ,i have described1 7#h7 with more ease and expedition than you probably imagine to be practicable2 and1 if you will zealously follow my advice1 ,i promise1 that1 instead of having to give up your shooting in ,september1 7for ,i am supposing you to be in ,england7 while you break in your pup1 you shall then be able to take him into the field1 provided he is tolerably well-bred and well disposed1 perfectly obedient1 and1 except that he will not have a well-confirmed1 judicious range1 almost perfectly made2 at least so far made1 that he will only commit such faults1 as naturally arise from want of experience4 ,let me remind you also1 that the keep of dogs is expensive1 and supplies an argument for making them earn their bread by hunting to a useful purpose1 as soon as they are of an age to work without injury to their constitution4 ,time1 moreover1 is valuable to us all1 or most of us fancy it is4 ,surely1 then1 that system of education is best which imparts the most expeditiously the required degree of knowledge4 ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,,initiatory ,,lessons ,,within ,,doors4 ,,shooting ,,ponies4 #ad4 ,one ,instructor better than two4--#ae4 ,age at which ,education commences4--,in-door breaking for hours1 better than ,out-door for weeks4--#af4 ,to obey all necessary ,words of ,command and all ,signals before shown ,game4--#ag4 ,unreasonableness of not always giving ,initiatory ,lessons--leads to ,punishment--thence to ,blinking4--#ah4 ,dog to be your constant ,companion1 not another's4--#ai1 #ba1 #bb4 ,instruct when alone with him4 ,initiatory ,lessons in his ,whistle--in ,dead--,toho--,on--#bj4 ,all ,commands and ,whistling to be given in a low ,tone4--#bc to #bf4 ,lessons in ,drop--,head between fore-legs--,setters crouch more than ,pointers4--#bd4 ,slovenly to employ right arm both for ,drop and ,toho4--#bg4 ,lessons in ,down charge--,taught at ,pigeon-match--,rewards taken from ,hand4--#bh4 ,cavalry ,horses fed at discharge of ,pistol--,same plan pursued with ,dogs4--#bi4 ,dog unusually timid to be coupled to another4--#cj4 ,lessons at ,feeding ,time1 with ,checkcords4--#ca4 ,obedience of ,hounds contrasted with that of most ,pointers and ,setters4--#cb4 ,shooting ,ponies--how broken in4--#cc4 ,horse's rushing at his ,fences cured--,pony anchored4 #ad4 ,it is seldom of any advantage to a dog to have more than one instructor4 ,the methods of teaching may be the same2 but there will be a difference in the tone of voice and in the manner1 that will more or less puzzle the learner1 and retard rather than advance his education4 ,if1 therefore1 you resolve to break in your dog1 do it entirely yourself3 let no one interfere with you4 #ae4 ,as a general rule1 let his education begin when he is about six or seven months old1#d 7although ,i allow that some dogs are more precocious than others1 and bitches always more forward than dogs17 but it ought to be nearly completed before he is shown a bird 7#acb74 ,a quarter of an hour's daily in-door training--called by the ,germans house-breaking--for three or four weeks will effect more than a month's constant hunting without preliminary tuition4 ,page ,header3 ,,use ,,of ,,initiatory ,,lessons4 #af4 ,never take your young dog out of doors for instruction1 until he has learned to know and obey the several words of command which you intend to give him in the field1 and is well acquainted with all the signs which you will have occasion to make to him with your arms4 ,these are what may be called the initiatory lessons4 #ag4 ,think a moment1 and you will see the importance of this preliminary instruction1 though rarely imparted4 ,why should it be imagined1 that at the precise moment when a young dog is enraptured with the first sniff of game1 he is1 by some mysterious unaccountable instinct1 to understand the meaning of the word ,toho8 ,why should he not conceive it to be a word of encouragement to rush in upon the game1 as he probably longs to do2 especially if it should be a partridge fluttering before him1 in the sagacious endeavour to lure him from her brood1 or a hare enticingly cantering off from under his nose8 ,there are breakers who would correct him for not intuitively comprehending and obeying the ,toho1 roared out with stentorian lungs2 though1 it is obvious1 the youngster1 from having had no previous instruction1 could have no better reason for understanding its import1 than the watch-dog chained up in yonder farm-yard4 ,again he hears the word ,toho--again followed by another licking1 accompanied perhaps by the long lecture1 ',ware springing birds1 will you8 ,the word ,toho then begins to assume a most awful character2 he naturally connects it with the finding of game1 and not understanding a syllable of the lecture1 lest he should a third time hear it1 and get a third drubbing1 he judges it most prudent1 7unless he is a dog of very high courage7 when next aware of the presence of birds1 to come in to heel2 and thus he commences to be a blinker1 thanks to the sagacity and intelligence of his tutor4 ,i do not speak of all professional dog-breakers1 far from it4 ,many are fully sensible that comprehension of orders must necessarily precede all but accidental obedience4 ,i am only thinking of some whom it has been my misfortune to see1 and who have many a time made my blood boil at their brutal usage of a fine high-couraged young dog4 ,men who had a strong arm and hard heart to punish1--but no temper and no head to instruct4 ,page ,header3 ,,dog ,,your ,,companion4 #ah4 ,so long as you are a bachelor1 you can make a companion of your dog1 without incurring the danger of his being spoiled by your wife and children2 7the more1 by-the-bye1 he is your own companion and no other person's the better7 and it is a fact1 though you may smile at the assertion1 that all the initiatory lessons can be1 and can best be1 inculcated in your own breakfast-room4 ,page ,header3 ,,lead4--,,toho4--,,on4 #ai4 ,follow ,astley's plan4 ,let no one be present to distract the dog's attention4 ,call him to you by the whistle you propose always using in the field4 ,tie a slight cord a few yards long to his collar4 ,throw him a small piece of toast or meat1 saying1 at the time1 ,dead1 dead4 ,do this several times1 chucking it into different parts of the room1 and let him eat what he finds4 ,then throw a piece 7always as you do so saying1 ,dead71 and the moment he gets close to it1 check him by jerking the cord1 at the same time saying1 ,toho1 and lifting up your right arm almost perpendicularly4 ,by pressing on the cord with your foot1 you can restrain him as long as you please4 ,do not let him take what you have thrown1 until you give him the encouraging word1 ,on1 accompanied by a forward movement of the right arm and hand1 somewhat similar to the swing of an underhand bowler at cricket4 #bj4 ,let all your commands be given in a low voice4 ,consider that in the field1 where you are anxious not to alarm the birds unnecessarily1 your words must reach your dogs' ears more or less softened by distance1 and1 if their influence depends on loudness1 they will have the least effect at the very moment when you wish them to have the most4 ,for the same reason1 in the initiatory lessons1 be careful not to whistle loudly4#e #ba4 ,after a few trials with the checkcord1 you will find yourself enabled1 without touching it1 and merely by using the word ,toho1 to prevent his seizing the toast 7or meat71 until you say ,on1 or give him the forward signal4 ,when he gets yet more perfect in his lesson1 raising your right arm only1 without employing your voice1 will be sufficient1 especially if you have gradually accustomed him to hear you speak less and less loudly4 ,if he draw towards the bread before he has obtained leave1 jerk the cord1 and drag him back to the spot from which he stirred4 ,he is not to quit it until you order him1 occupy yourself as you may4 ,move about1 and occasionally go from him1 as far as you can1 before you give the command ,on4 ,this will make him less unwilling hereafter to continue steady at his point while you are taking a circuit to head him1 and so get wild birds between him and your gun1 7#bfe1 #bhd47 ,the signal for his advancing1 when you are facing him1 is the beckon 7see #cg74 #bb4 ,at odd times let him take the bread the moment you throw it1 that his eagerness to rush forward to seize it may be continued1 only to be instantly restrained at your command4 ,page ,header3 ,,drop4--,,down ,,charge4 #bc4 ,your left arm raised perpendicularly1 in a similar manner1 should make the young dog lie down4 ,call out ,drop1 when so holding up the left hand1 and press him down with the other until he assumes a crouching position4 ,if you study beauty of attitude1 his fore-legs ought to be extended1 and his head rest between them4 ,make him lie well down1 occasionally walking round and round him1 gradually increasing the size of the circle--your eyes on his4 ,do not let him raise himself to a sitting posture4 ,if you do1 he will have the greater inclination hereafter to move about3 especially when you want to catch him1 in order to chide or correct him4 ,a halt is all you require for the ,toho1 and you would prefer his standing to his point1 rather than his lying down1#f as you then would run less risk of losing sight of him in cover1 heather1 or high turnips1 c4 ,setters1 however1 naturally crouch so much more than ,pointers1 that you will often not be able to prevent their falling when they are close to game4 ,indeed1 ,i have heard some sportsmen argue in favour of a dog's dropping1 that it rested him4 ,an advantage1 in my opinion1 in no way commensurate with the inconvenience that often attends the practice4 #bd4 ,if you are satisfied with teaching him in a slovenly manner1 you can employ your right arm both for the ,toho and ,drop2 but that is not quite correct1 for the former is a natural stop1 7being the pause to determine exactly where the game is lying1 preparatory to rushing in to seize it17 which you prolong by art1#g whilst the other is wholly opposed to nature4 ,the one affords him great delight1 especially when1 from experience1 he has well learned its object3 the latter is always irksome4 ,nevertheless1 it must be firmly established4 ,it is the triumph of your art4 ,it insures future obedience4 ,but it cannot be effectually taught without creating more or less awe1 and it should create awe4 ,it is obvious1 therefore1 that it must be advantageous to make a distinction between the two signals1--especially with a timid dog1--for he will not then be so likely to blink on seeing you raise your right hand1 when he is drawing upon game4 ,nevertheless1 there are breakers so unreasonable as not only to make that one signal1 but the one word ,drop 7or rather ,down7 answer both for the order to point1 and the order to crouch6 ,how can such tuition serve to enlarge a dog's ideas8 ,page ,header3 ,,use ,,of ,,checkcord4 #be4 ,to perfect him in the ,down1 that difficult part of his education1--difficult1 because it is unnatural1--practise it in your walks4 ,at very uncertain1 unexpected times catch his eye1 7having previously stealthily taken hold of the checkcord--a long1 light one17 or whistle to call his attention1 and then hold up your left arm4 ,if he does not instantly drop1 jerk the checkcord violently1 and1 as before1 drag him back to the exact spot where he should have crouched down4 ,admit of no compromise4 ,you must have implicit1 unhesitating1 instant1 obedience4 ,when you quit him1 he must not be allowed to crawl an inch after you4 ,if he attempt it1 drive a spike into the ground1 and attach the end of the checkcord to it1 allowing the line to be slack2 then leave him quickly1 and on his running after you he will be brought up with a sudden jerk4 ,so much the better3 it will slightly alarm him4 ,as before1 take him back to the precise place he quitted1--do this invariably1 though he may have scarcely moved4 ,there make him again ,drop--always observing to jerk the cord at the moment you give the command4 ,after a few trials of this tethering1 7say less than a dozen7 he will be certain to lie down steadily1 until you give the proper order or a signal 7#ba71 let you run away1 or do what you may to excite him to move4 ,one great advantage of frequently repeating this lesson1 and thus teaching it thoroughly1 is1 that your dog will hereafter always feel1 more or less1 in subjection1 whenever the cord is fastened to his collar4 ,he must be brought to instantly obey the signal1 even at the extreme limit of his beat4 #bf4 ,most probably he will not at first rise when he is desired4 ,there is no harm in that1--a due sense of the inutility of non-compliance with the order to ,drop1 and a wholesome dread of the attendant penalty1 will be advantageous4 ,go up to him1--pat him1--and lead him for some paces1 making much of him1 as they say in the cavalry4 ,dogs which are over-headstrong and resolute1 can only be brought under satisfactory command by this lesson being indelibly implanted1--and ,i think a master before he allows the keeper to take a pup into the field to show him game1 should insist upon having ocular demonstration that he is perfect in the ,drop4 ,page ,header3 ,,puppies ,,at ,,pigeon ,,match4 #bg4 ,when he is well confirmed in this all-important lesson1 obeying implicitly1 yet cheerfully1 you may1 whilst he is lying down1 7in order to teach him the down charge17 go through the motions of loading1 on no account permitting him to stir until you give him the forward signal1 or say ,on4 ,after a few times you may fire off a copper cap1 and then a little powder1 but be very careful not to alarm him4 ,until your dog is quite reconciled to the report of a gun1 never take him up to any one who may be firing4 ,i have1 however1 known of puppies being familiarized to the sound1 by being at first kept at a considerable distance from the party firing1 and then gradually1 and by slow degrees brought nearer4 ,this can easily be managed at a rifle or pigeon match1 and the companionship of a made-dog would much expedite matters4 ,whenever1 in the lessons1 your young dog has behaved steadily and well1 give him a reward4 ,do not throw it to him2 let him take it from your hands4 ,it will assist in making him tender-mouthed1 and in attaching him to you4 ,page ,header3 ,,lessons ,,at ,,feeding ,,time4 #bh4 ,in some cavalry regiments in ,india1 the feeding-time is denoted by the firing off of a pistol4 ,this soon changes a young horse's first dread of the report into eager1 joyous1 expectation4 ,you might1 if you did not dislike the trouble1 in a similar manner1 soon make your pup regard the report of a gun as the gratifying summons to his dinner1 but coupled with the understanding that1 as a preliminary step1 he is to crouch the instant he hears the sound4 ,after a little perseverance you would so well succeed1 that you would not be obliged even to raise your hand4 ,if habituated to wait patiently at the drop1 however hungry he may be1 before he is permitted to taste his food1 it is reasonable to think he will remain at the down charge1 yet more patiently before he is allowed to seek dead4 #bi4 ,if your pupil be unusually timid1 and you cannot banish his alarm on hearing the gun1 couple him to another dog which has no such foolish fears1 and will steadily down charge4 ,the confidence of the one1 will impart confidence to the other4 ,fear and joy are feelings yet more contagious in animals than in man4 ,it is the visible1 joyous animation of the old horses1 that so quickly reconciles the cavalry colt to the sound of the feeding-pistol4 #cj4 ,a keeper who had several dogs to break1 would find the advantage of pursuing the cavalry plan just noticed4 ,indeed1 he might extend it still further1 by having his principal in-door drill at feeding-time1 and by enforcing1 but in minuter details1 that kennel discipline which has brought many a pack of hounds to marvellous obedience4#h ,he should place the food in different parts of the yard4 ,he should have a short checkcord on all his pupils2 and1 after going slowly through the motions of loading1 7the dogs having regularly down charged on the report of the gun17 he should call each separately by name1 and by signals of the hand send them successively to different1 but designated feeding-troughs4 ,he might then call a dog to him1 which had commenced eating1 and1 after a short abstinence1 make him go to another trough4 ,he might bring two to his heels and make them change troughs1 and so vary the lesson1 that1 in a short time1 with the aid of the checkcords1 he would have them under such complete command1 that they would afterwards give him comparatively but little trouble in the field4 ,as they became more and more submissive1 he would gradually retire further and further1 so as1 at length1 to have his orders obeyed1 when at a considerable distance from his pupils4 ,the small portion of time these lessons would occupy1 compared with their valuable results1 should warn him most forcibly not to neglect them4 #ca4 ,all keepers will acknowledge that1 excepting a systematic beat1 there is nothing more difficult to teach a ,pointer or ,setter than to refrain from pursuing ,hare4 ,they will concede that there is a natural tendency in the breed to stand at game2 and1 as a necessary consequence1 they must admit that they would have far more trouble in weaning a young fox-hound from the habit1 whose every instinct urges him to chase4 ,and yet these keepers may daily see not merely one hound1 but a whole pack in the highest condition1 full of energy and spirits1 drawing a cover alive with ,hares1 not one of which a single dog will even look at4 ,should not this fact convince a keeper1 that if he is often obliged to speak loudly to the brace of dogs he calls broken1 there must be something radically wrong in his management8 ,is he satisfied that he began their education sufficiently early1 and that he has been uniformly consistent since its commencement8 ,page ,header3 ,,shooting ,,ponies4 #cb4 ,if you have to break in a shooting pony1 you must adopt some such plan as that named in #bg and #bh to make him steady4 ,your object will be never to alarm him1 and gradually to render him fond of the sound of the gun4 ,to effect this1 you will keep the pistol1 or whatever arms you use1 for a long time out of his sight4 ,commence by burning but little powder1 and fire#i at some distance from him4 ,always give him a slice of carrot or apple immediately after he hears the report1 and1 if you act judiciously and patiently1 he will soon love the sound4 ,you may then fire in his presence 7turning your back upon him1 as if he were not a party in any way concerned71 and1 by degrees1 approach nearer and nearer2 but do not go quite into his stall1--that would make him shrink or start1 and you wish to banish all nervousness2 the least precipitation would undo you2 therefore begin in the stable1 with only using a copper cap4 ,need ,i caution you against firing if near any straw8 ,page ,header3 ,,rushing ,,at ,,fences4 #cc4 ,confidence being fully established1 pursue the same plan when you ride the pony4 ,again commence with a copper cap1 only by slow degrees coming to the full charge4 ,as before1 always reward him after every discharge1 and also at the moment when you pull up and throw the reins on his neck4 ,if he finds he gets slices of carrot when he stands stock-still1 he will soon become so anxious to be stationary that you will have to ride with spurs to keep him to his work4 ,by such means you could get him to lead over fences and stand on the other side until you remount4 ,many years ago ,i had in ,ireland a chestnut which did not belie his colour1 for ,i purchased him far below his value on account of his great impetuosity with hounds4 ,he had a sad habit of rushing at his leaps1 but riding him in a smooth snaffle1 and often giving him slices of carrot1 gradually cured his impatience1 and he ultimately became very gentle and pleasant4 ,a naval officer1 well known to a friend of mine1 finding he could not by other means make his pony stand when the dogs pointed1 used1 sailor like1 to anchor the animal by heaving overboard 7as he expressed it7 a heavy weight to which a line from the curb-bit was attached4 ,the weight was carried in one of the holster pipes1--in the other was invariably stowed away a liberal allowance of ,grog and ,prog4 ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,,initiatory ,,lessons ,,continued4 ,,spaniels4 #cd1 #ce4 ,initiatory ,lessons in ,dead and ,seek1 continued4--#cf4 ,in ,signals to hunt to the right--left--forward4--#cg4 ,in the ,beckon4 ,woodcock ,shooting in ,america4--#ch4 ,in looking to you for instructions4--#ci4 ,in ,care4--#dj4 ,always give a reward4--#da4 ,in ,up4--saves using ,puzzle-peg4--#db4 ,dog to carry ,nose high4--#dc4 ,initiatory ,lesson in ,footing a ,scent4--#dd4 ,in ,heel4--#de4 ,in ,gone or ,away4--#df4 ,in ,fence or ,ware fence4--#dg4 ,no a better word than ,ware4--#dh4 ,accustomed to couples4--#di4 ,initiatory ,lessons in-doors with a ,companion--when one drops the other to drop4--#ej4 ,makes ,backing quickly understood4--#ea4 ,initiatory ,lessons with a ,companion in the ,fields4--#eb4 ,initiatory ,lessons save ,time--make ,dogs fond of hunting4--#ec4 ,checkcord described4 ,wildest ,dogs possess most energy4--#ed4 ,advantages of ,checkcord explained--,spaniels broken in by it4--#ee4 ,lad to act as ,whipper-in4--#ef4 ,retriever that acted as ,whipper-in4--#eg4 ,jealousy made him act the part4 ,might be taught to ,retriever4--#eh4 ,instead of down charge coming to heel4--#ei4 ,as ,puppies kept close to you1 not to self-hunt--broke from hare4--#fj4 ,blacksmith straps ,horse's ,leg above ,hock--,dog's similarly confined--,shot-belt round the necks of wildest4--#fa4 ,hunted in ,gorse4--#fb4 ,age when shown ,game4 ,example of good ,spaniels advantageous4--#fc4 ,perfected in ,drop--taught to seek dead--to fetch--entered at ,hedge-rows and lightest ,covers4 ,bells to ,collars4--#fd4 ,to hunt further side of ,hedge4--#fe4 ,how ,sportsmen may aid ,keeper4 ,in note1 ,covers for ,pheasants4 ,hints to ,tyros on ,shooting and ,loading 7,see ,appendix74--#ff4 ,experienced ,spaniels slacken ,pace on ,game4--#fg4 ,difficult to work young ones in ,silence4--#fh4 ,spaniels that ,pointed4--#fi4 ,game first accustomed to1 most liked4--#gj4 ,principal requisites in ,spaniels4--#ga4 ,the signal to point with finger4--#gb4 ,following ,cockers a ,young ,man's work4--#gc4 ,education differs in different ,teams4--#gd4 ,one and a half couple of large ,spaniels sufficient4 ,one of the ,team to retrieve4--#ge4 ,clumbers procuring more ,shots in ,turnips than ,pointers4--#gf4 ,lord ,p----n's highly broken ,team4--#gg4 ,of small ,cockers three couple a ,team4 ,what constitutes ,perfection4--#gh4 ,retriever with ,team4 ,duke of ,newcastle's ,keepers4--#gi4 ,some ,teams allowed to hunt ,flick4--#hj4 ,rabbits shot to a ,team in ,gorse4 ,shooting to ,beagles described--#ha4 ,markers necessary with wild ,spaniels4--#hb4 ,cover beat with wildest ,dogs before shot in4 ,woodcocks4--#hc4 ,old ,sportsmen prefer mute ,spaniels4--#hd4 ,babblers best in some ,countries4 ,cock-shooting in ,albania4--#he4 ,hog and deer in ditto4--#hf4 ,glorious month's sport in the ,morea4--#hg4 ,handy old ,setters capital in light cover4 ,attention necessary when first entered4--#hh4 ,c----e's ,pointers as good in cover as on the stubble4--#hi4 ,pointer that ran to opposite side of ,thicket to flush ,game towards ,gun4--#ij4 ,water ,spaniels1 how broken4--#ia4 ,shepherd's ,forward ,signal best for ,water ,retrievers4--#ib4 ,wildfowl reconnoitred with ,telescope4--#ic4 ,qualities required in ,water ,retriever4 ,in note1 ,poachers in ,snow4 ,beast or man of one uniform colour easily detected4--#id4 ,ducks emit a tolerable scent--,flint and ,mr4 ,c----e's ,setter4--#ie4 ,steady ,spaniels in ,rice ,lakes4 ,page ,header3 ,,dead4--,,seek4--,,signals4 #cd4 ,when your young dog is tolerably well advanced in the lessons which you have been advised to practise1 hide a piece of bread or biscuit4 ,say ,dead1 dead4 ,call him to you4 7#dd47 ,let him remain by you for nearly a minute or two4 ,then say ,find1 or ,seek4 ,accompany him in his search4 ,by your actions and gestures make him fancy you are yourself looking about for something1 for dogs are observing1 one might say1 imitative1 creatures4#aj ,stoop and move your right hand to and fro near the ground4 ,contrive that he shall come upon the bread1 and reward him by permitting him to eat it4 #ce4 ,after a little time 7a few days ,i mean71 he will show the greatest eagerness on your saying1 at any unexpected moment1 ,dead4 ,he will connect the word with the idea that there is something very desirable concealed near him1 and he will be all impatience to be off and find it2 but make him first come to you1 7for reason1 see #bfi47--,keep him half a minute4--,then say ,find1 and1 without your accompanying him1 he will search for what you have previously hidden4 ,always let him be encouraged to perseverance by discovering something acceptable4 #cf4 ,unseen by him1 place the rewards 7one at a time71 in different parts of the room1--under the rug or carpet1 and more frequently on a chair1 a table1 or a low shelf4 ,he will be at a loss in what part of the room to search4 ,assist him by a motion of your arm and hand4 ,a wave of the right arm and hand to the right1 will soon show him that he is to hunt to the right1 as he will find there4 ,the corresponding wave of the left hand and arm to the left1 will explain to him1 that he is to make a cast to the left4 ,the underhand bowler's swing of the right hand and arm1 will show that he is to hunt in a forward direction4#aa ,your occasionally throwing the delicacy 7in the direction you wish him to take71 whilst waving your hand1 will aid in making him comprehend the signal4 ,you may have noticed how well1 by watching the action of a boy's arm1 his little cur judges towards what point to run for the expected stone4 #cg4 ,when the hidden object is near you1 but between you and the dog1 make him come towards you to seek for it1 beckoning him with your right hand4 ,when he is at a distance at the ,drop1 if you are accustomed to recompense him for good behaviour1 you can employ this signal to make him rise and run towards you for his reward1 7and1 according to my judgment1 he should always join you after the down charge1 #bga74 ,by these means you will thus familiarise him with a very useful signal2 for that signal will cause him to approach you in the field1 when you have made a circuit to head him at his point 7knowing that birds will then be lying somewhere between you and him71 and want him to draw nearer to the birds and you1 to show you exactly where they are4 ,this some may call a superfluous refinement1 but ,i hope you will consider it a very killing accomplishment1 and being easily taught1 it were a pity to neglect it4 ,when a ,setter is employed in cock-shooting1 the advantage of using this signal is very apparent4 ,while the dog is steadily pointing1 it enables the sportsman to look for a favourable opening1 and1 when he has posted himself to his satisfaction1 to sign to the ,setter 7or if out of sight tell him71 to advance and flush the bird3 when1 should the sportsman have selected his position with judgment1 he will generally get a shot4 ,i have seen this method very successfully adopted in ,america1 where the forests are usually so dense that cocks are only found on the outskirts in the underwood4 ,page ,header3 ,,looking ,,for ,,instructions4 #ch4 ,after a little time he will regularly look to you for directions4 ,encourage him to do so2 it will make him hereafter1 when he is in the field1 desirous of hunting under your eye1 and induce him to look to you1 in a similar manner1 for instructions in what direction he is to search for game4 ,observe how a child watches its mother's eye2 so will a dog watch yours1 when he becomes interested in your movements1 and finds that you frequently notice him4 ,page ,header3 ,,beckon4--,,care4 #ci4 ,occasionally1 when he approaches any of the spots where the bread lies hidden1 say ,care1 and slightly raise your right hand4 ,he will quickly consider this word1 or signal1 as an intimation that he is near the object of his search4 #dj4 ,never deceive him in any of these words and signs1 and never disappoint him of the expected reward4 ,praise and caress him for good conduct2 rate him for bad4 ,make it a rule throughout the whole course of his education1 out of doors as fully as within1 to act upon this system4 ,you will find that caresses and substantial rewards are far greater incentives to exertion than any fears of punishment4 #da4 ,your pup having become a tolerable proficient in these lessons1 you may beneficially extend them by employing the word ,up1 as a command that he is to sniff high in the air to find the hidden bread or meat1 lying1 say on a shelf1 or on the back of a sofa4 ,he will1 comparatively speaking1 be some time in acquiring a knowledge of the meaning of the word1 and many would probably term it an over-refinement in canine education2 but ,i must own ,i think you will act judiciously1 if you teach it perfectly in the initiatory lessons2 for the word ,up1 if well understood1 will frequently save your putting on the puzzle-peg4 ,for this you would be obliged to employ1 should your dog prove disobedient and be acquiring the execrable habit of raking as it is termed1 instead of searching for the delicious effluvia with his nose carried high in the air4 ,colonel ,hawker much recommends the puzzle-peg1 but ,i confess ,i would not fetter the dog by using it1 unless compelled by his hereditary propensity to hunt-foot4 ,page ,header3 ,,up4 --,,nose ,,carried ,,high4 #db4 ,whenever birds can be sought for in the wind1 the dog should thus hunt the field 7and the higher he carries his nose the better71 for1 independently of the far greater chance of finding them1 they will allow the dog to come much nearer1 than when he approaches them by the foot3 but of this more anon4 7#ahe1 #ahf47 #dc4 ,setters and ,pointers naturally hunt with their noses sufficiently close to the ground1--they want elevating rather than depressing4 ,notwithstanding1 you will do well to show your pupil a few times out of doors1 how to work out a scent1 by dragging a piece of bread unperceived by him down wind through grass1 and then letting him foot it out4 ,try him for a few yards at first2 you can gradually increase the length of the drag4 ,you must not1 however1 practise this initiatory lesson too frequently1 lest you give him the wretched custom of pottering4 ,illustration3 ,,old-,,fashioned ,,english ,,setter1--,,retrievers1 ,,one ,a ,,cross ,,with ,,bloodhound4 ,,heel4--,a backward low wave of the right hand4--,par4 #dd4 ,page ,header3 ,,heel4--,,gone4 #dd4 ,the word ,heel1 and a backward low wave of the right hand and arm to the rear1 7the reverse of the underhand cricket-bowler's swing17 will1 after a few times1 bring the dog close behind you4 ,keep him there a while and pat him1 but do not otherwise reward him4 ,the object of the order was to make him instantly give up hunting1 and come to your heels4 ,this signal cannot be substituted for the beckon4 ,the one is an order always obeyed with reluctance 7being a command to leave off hunting71 whereas the beckon is merely an instruction in what direction to beat1 and will be attended to with delight4 ,the signal heel1 however1 when given immediately after loading1 is an exception2 for the instructions about ,dead1 in ,,xi4 of paragraph #ada1 will show that without your speaking1 it may be made to impart the gratifying intelligence of your having killed4 ,see also #bgg4 #de4 ,to teach him to attach a meaning to the word ,gone1 or ,away1 or ,flown1#ab 7select which you will1 but do not ring the changes17 you may now rub a piece of meat 7if you have no one but your servant to scold you7 in some place where the dog is accustomed frequently to find1 and when he is sniffing at the place say ,gone1 or ,away4 ,this he will1 after some trials1 perceive to be an intimation that it is of no use to continue hunting for it4 #df4 ,you will greatly facilitate his acquiring the meaning of the command ,fence1 or ,ware fence1 if1 from time to time1 as he is quitting the room through the open door or garden window1 you restrain him by calling out that word4 ,page ,header3 ,,ware ,,fence4 #dg4 ,whenever1 indeed1 you wish him to desist from doing anything1 call out ,ware1 7pronounced ,war71 as it will expedite his hereafter understanding the terms1 ,ware sheep1 ,ware chase1 and ,ware lark4 ,the last expression to be used when he is wasting his time upon the scent of anything but game--a fault best cured by plenty of birds being killed to him4 ,however1 the simple word ,no1 omitting ,chase or ,fence1 might be substituted advantageously for ,ware4 ,all you want him to do is to desist from a wrong action4 ,that sharp sound1--and when necessary it can be clearly thundered out1--cannot be misunderstood4 ,page ,header3 ,,accustomed ,,to ,,couples4 #dh4 ,that your young dog may not hereafter resist the couples1 yoke him occasionally to a stronger dog1 and for the sake of peace1 and in the name of all that is gallant1 let it be to the one of the other sex who appears to be the greatest favourite4 #di4 ,when he is thus far advanced in his education1 and tolerably obedient1 which he will soon become if you are consistent1 and patient1 yet strict1 you can1 in further pursuance of ,astley's plan1 associate him in his lessons with a companion4 ,should you be breaking in another youngster1 7though one at a time you will probably find quite enough1 especially if it be your laudable wish to give him hereafter a well-confirmed scientific range17 they can now be brought together for instruction4 ,you must expect to witness the same jealousy which they would exhibit on the stubble4 ,both will be anxious to hunt for the bread1 and in restraining them alternately from so doing1 you exact the obedience which you will require hereafter in the field1 when in their natural eagerness they will endeavour1 unless you properly control them1 to take the point of birds from one another2 or1 in their rivalry1 run over the taint of a wounded bird1 instead of collectedly and perseveringly working out the scent4 ,you can throw a bit of toast and make them ,toho it1 and then let the dog you name take it4 ,in the same way you can let each alternately search for a hidden piece1 after both have come up to you1 on your saying ,dead4 ,i would also advise you to accustom each dog to drop1 without any command from you1 the moment he sees that the other is down4 #ej4 ,those lessons will almost ensure their hereafter instantly obeying1 and nearly instantly comprehending the object of the signal to back any dog which may be pointing game4 #ea4 ,when you take out two youngsters for exercise1 while they are romping about1 suddenly call one into heel4 ,after a time again send him off on his gambols4 ,whistle to catch the eye of the other1 and signal to him to join you4 ,by working them thus alternately1 while they are fresh and full of spirits1 you will habituate them to implicit obedience4 ,when the birds are wild1 and you are anxious to send a basket of game to a friend1 it is very satisfactory to be able merely by a sign1 without uttering a word1 to bring the other dogs into heel1 leaving the ground to the careful favourite4 ,teach the present lesson well1 and you go far towards attaining the desired result4 #eb4 ,i trust you will not object to the minuti of these initiatory lessons1 and fancy you have not time to attend to them4 ,by teaching them well1 you will gain time1--much time1--and the time that is of most value to you as a sportsman2 for when your dog is regularly hunting to your gun1 his every faculty ought to be solely devoted to finding birds1 and his undisturbed intellects exclusively given to aid you in bagging them1 instead of being bewildered by an endeavour to comprehend novel signals or words of command4 ,i put it to you as a sportsman1 whether he will not have the more delight and ardour in hunting1 the more he feels that he understands your instructions8 and1 further1 ,i ask you1 whether he will not be the more sensitively alive to the faintest indication of a haunt1 and more readily follow it up to a sure find1 if he be unembarrassed by any anxiety to make out what you mean1 and be in no way alarmed at the consequences of not almost instinctively understanding your wishes8 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,check--',,hold ,,hard6' ,page ,header3 ,,checkcord ,,described4 #ec4 ,in all these lessons1 and those which follow in the field1 the checkcord will wonderfully assist you4 ,indeed1 it may be regarded as the instructor's right hand4 ,it can be employed so mildly as not to intimidate the most gentle1 and it can1 without the aid of any whip1 be used with such severity1 or1 ,i should rather say1 perseverance1 as to conquer the most wild and headstrong1 and these are sure to be dogs of the greatest travel and endurance4 ,the cord may be from ten to twenty-five#ac yards long1 according to the animal's disposition1 and may be gradually shortened as he gets more and more under command4 ,even when it is first employed you can put on a shorter cord1 if you perceive that he is becoming tired4 ,in thick stubble1 especially if cut with a sickle1 the drag will be greater1 far greater than when the cord glides over heather4 ,the cord may be of the thickness of what some call strong lay-cord1 but made of twelve threads4 ,sailors would know it by the name of log-line or cod-line4 ,to save the end from fraying it can be whipped with thread1 which is better than tying a knot because it is thus less likely to become entangled4 ,page ,header3 ,,spaniels ,,broken ,,in4 #ed4 ,hunted with such a cord1 the most indomitable dog1 when he is perfectly obedient to the drop1 is nearly as amenable to command1 as if the end of the line were in the breaker's hand4 ,by no other means can ,,spaniels be quickly broken in4 ,the general object of the trainer is to restrain them from ranging at a distance likely to spring game out of gun-shot1 and to make them perfect to the down charge4 ,if one of these high-spirited animals will not range close when called to by whistle or name1 the breaker gets hold of the cord and jerks it2 this makes the dog come in a few paces2 another jerk or two makes him approach closer1 and then the breaker1 by himself retiring with his face towards the spaniel1 calling out his name 7or whistling71 and occasionally jerking the cord1 makes him quite submissive1 and more disposed to obey on future occasions4 #ee4 ,in training a large team it is of much advantage to the keeper to have a lad to rate1 and1 when necessary1 give the skirters a taste of the lash1 in short1 to act as whipper-in4 ,the keeper need not then carry a whip1 or at least often use it1 which will make his spaniels all the more willing to hunt close to him4 ,illustration3 ,j4 ,m4 ,a ,,four-,,legged ,,whipper-,,in4--,par4 #ef4 ,page ,header3 ,,four-,,legged ,,whipper-,,in4 #ef4 ,lord ,a----r's head gamekeeper was singularly aided3--he possessed a four-legged whipper-in4 ,a few years ago while ,mr4 ,d----s 7,m4,p4 for a ,south ,eastern ,county7 was with a shooting party at his ,lordship's1 the keeper brought into the field a brace of powerful retrievers1 and a team of spaniels1 among which were two that had never been shot over4 ,on the first pheasant being killed1 all the old spaniels dropped to shot1 but one of the young ones rushed forward and mouthed the bird4 ,the person who had fired ran on to save it1 but the keeper called aloud1 and requested him not to move4 ,the man then made a signal to one of the retrievers to go4 ,he did so instantly1 but1 instead of meddling with the bird1 he seized the spaniel1 lifted him up1 and shook him well4 ,the moment the pup could escape1 he came howling to the heels of the keeper1 and lay down among his companions4 ,the keeper then confessed that a couple of the spaniels had never been shot to1--but he confidently assured the sportsmen1 they would see before the day was over1 that the pups behaved fully as steadily as the old dogs1 and explained to the party1 how the retriever did all the disagreeable work1 and indeed1 nearly relieved him of every trouble in breaking in the youngsters4 ,on the next few shots this novel schoolmaster was again deputed to show his pupils that he would not allow his special duties as a retriever to be interfered with4 ,both the young dogs1 having been thus well chastised1 became more careful1--made only partial rushes to the front1 when a recollection of their punishment1 and a dread of their four-footed tutor brought them slinking back to their older companions4 ,as the keeper had averred1 they soon learned their lesson completely1--gave up all thoughts of chasing after shot1 and quietly crouched down with the other dogs4 ,page ,header3 ,,retriever ,,made ,,breaker4 #eg4 ,i can easily imagine that it was a feeling of jealousy1 which first prompted the retriever to thrash some spaniel who was endeavouring to carry off a bird1 and that the clever keeper encouraged him in doing so1 instantly perceiving the value of such assistance4 ,it is worth a consideration whether it would not be advisable to train the retriever employed with a team to give this assistance4 ,a dog of a quarrelsome disposition could be taught1 by your urging him1 to seize any spaniel who might be mouthing a bird1 in the same manner you would set on a young terrier to fly at a rat4 #eh4 ,doubtless it is the highest training to teach a team to down charge1 but most breakers make their spaniels come into heel1 or rather gather close around them1 7by the word round7 whenever a gun is discharged4 ,this plan1 though so injudicious in the case of pointers or setters1 is but little objectionable in the case of spaniels1 for spaniels in their small sweep inwards1 are not likely to spring game while the guns are unloaded4 ,it certainly possesses this merit1 that it is readily taught to puppies1 7with the aid of a whipper-in7 by the trainer's giving them some delicacy on their rejoining him4 ,it may be urged1 too1 that the method much removes any necessity for noise in calling to a dog1--whereas1 with a team trained to the down charge1 however highly broken1 it will occasionally happen that the keeper 7or assistant7 has to rate some excited skirter for not instantly dropping4 ,moreover1 in thick cover an infraction of the irksome rule to down charge may sometimes escape detection1 which might lead to future acts of insubordination4 ,the lamented ,prince ,albert's team of ,clumbers down charge1 but the greatest attention could be given1 and was given to them4 ,they were admirably broken1 and ,i might add1 were shot over by a first-rate hand4 ,page ,header3 ,,spaniels ,,broken ,,in4 #ei4 ,when exercising young spaniels it is a good plan to habituate them1 even as puppies1 never to stray further from you than about twenty yards4 ,with them1 even more than with other kinds of dogs trained for the gun1 great pains should be taken to prevent their having the opportunity of self-hunting4 ,if it is wished to break from hare1 the method to be followed is mentioned in #ccd1 c41 for with spaniels as with setters 7or pointers7 it is always advisable to drag them back to the spot from which they started in pursuit4 #fj4 ,occasionally you may see a country blacksmith1 when preparing to shoe the hind-legs of a cart-horse that appears disposed to make a disagreeable use of his heels1 twist the long hair at the end of his tail1--raise the foot that is to be shod1--pass the twisted hair round the leg immediately above the hock1 and by these means press the tendon close to the bone4 ,the tail assists in retaining the leg in position1 and thus for the time the limb is rendered powerless4 ,acting much upon this coercive principle1 but discarding the aid of the tail1 some breakers slightly confine a hind-leg of their most unruly spaniels with a soft bandage1 shifting it from one leg to the other about every hour4 ,possibly a loop of vulcanized india-rubber1 being elastic1 would best answer the purpose4 ,restrained in this manner a dog is less likely to tumble about1 and become injured1 than if one of his fore-legs had been passed through his collar4 ,other breakers when hunting many couples together1 fasten a belt with a few pounds of shot round the necks of the wildest4 ,but the sooner such adjuncts to discipline can be safely discarded the better2 for brushing a close cover is severe work4 ,gorse is the most trying4 ,its prickles are so numerous and fine1 that the ears and eyes of every spaniel hunted in it ought to be separately examined on returning home1 and well bathed in warm water4 ,their eyes are peculiarly liable to be injured by dust and gravel from their hunting so close to the ground4 ,page ,header3 ,,hunted ,,in ,,gorse4 #fa4 ,to give young spaniels sufficient courage to face the most entangled cover1 a judicious trainer will occasionally introduce them to thick brakes1 or gorse1 early in the morning1 or in the evening1 when the noise of his approach will have made the pheasants feeding in the neighbourhood1 run far into it for shelter4 ,the effluvia of the birds will then so excite the young dogs1 especially if cheered with good companionship1 7which always creates emulation17 that they will utterly disregard the pricks and scratches of the strongest furze4 #fb4 ,if the time of year will permit it1 they should be shown game when about nine or ten months old4 ,at a more advanced age they would be less amenable to control4 ,happily the example of a riotous pup will not be so detrimental to the discipline of the rest of the team1 as the example of an ill-conducted companion would be to a pointer 7or setter71 for the influence of thoroughly steady spaniels makes the pup curtail his range sooner than might be expected4 ,finding that he is not followed by his associates he soon rejoins them4 #fc4 ,a judicious breaker will regard perfection in the drop 7#bc to #bf7 as the main-spring of his educational system4 ,he will teach his young spaniels to seek dead1 7#cd1 #ce1 #dc7 where directed by signs of the hand4 ,he will instruct them in fetching1 7#aji1 #ajg1 c47 with the view to some of them hereafter retrieving4 ,he will accustom them to hunt hedge-rows1 and light open copses1--because always under his eye1--before taking them into closer cover4 ,nor until they are under some command1 and well weaned from noticing vermin and small birds1 will he allow them to enter gorse or strong thickets1--and then he will never neglect 7though probably he will have used them before7 to attach bells of different sounds to the collars of his several pupils 7one to each71 so that his ear may at all times detect any truant straying beyond bounds1 and thus enable him to rate the delinquent by name4 ,in this manner1 he establishes the useful feeling elsewhere spoken of 7#chc71 that whether he be within or out of sight1 he is equally aware of every impropriety that is committed4 #fd4 ,young spaniels1 when they have been steadily broken in not to hunt too far ahead on the instructor's side of the hedge1 may be permitted to beat on the other2--and this when only one person is shooting1 is generally their most useful position1 for they are thus more likely to drive the game towards the gun4 #fe4 ,if a keeper is hunting the team1 while you and a friend are beating narrow belts or strips of wood1#ad should you and he be placed1 as is usual1 on the outside1 a little ahead of the keeper 7one to his right1 the other to his left71 you would much aid him in preventing the young spaniels from ranging wildly1 were you to turn your face towards him whenever you saw any of them getting too far in advance1 for they will watch the guns as much as they will him4 ,they should never range further than thirty yards from the gun4 ,page ,header3 ,,experienced ,,spaniels4 #ff4 ,among spaniels the great advantage of age and experience is more apparent than in partridge-dogs4 ,a young spaniel cannot keep to a pheasant's tail like an old one4 ,he may push the bird for forty or fifty yards if judiciously managed4 ,after that he is almost sure from impatience1 either to lose it1 or rush in and flush out of shot1 whereas an old cocker1 who has had much game shot over him1 is frequently knowing enough to slacken his pace1 instead of increasing it1 when he first touches on birds1 apparently quite sensible that he ought to give the gun time to approach1 before he presses to a flush4 ,page ,header3 ,,difficult ,,to ,,break4 #fg4 ,even good spaniels1 however well-bred1 if they have not had great experience1 generally road too fast4 ,undeniably they are difficult animals to educate1 and it requires much watchfulness1 perseverance1 and attention at an early age1 so to break in a team of young ones that they shall keep within gun range1 without your being compelled to halloo or whistle to them4 ,but some few are yet more highly trained4 #fh4 ,mr4 ,n----n1 when in ,france1 had a lively1 intelligent1 liver and white cocker1 which would work busily all day long within gun-shot2 and which possessed the singular accomplishment of steadily pointing all game that lay well1 and of not rushing in until the sportsman had come close to him4 ,but this is a case of high breaking more curious than useful1 for spaniels are essentially springers1 not pointers1 and the little animal must frequently have been lost sight of in cover4 ,the ,messrs4 ,w----e1 alluded to in #eea1 had also a cocker that regularly pointed4 ,our grandfathers used to apply the term springers solely to large spaniels1--never to the ,duke of ,marlborough's small breed1 which was greatly prized4 ,page ,header3 ,,true ,,noses4--,,cover ,,shooting4 #fi4 ,a dog is generally most attached to that description of sport1 and soonest recognises the scent of that game1 to which he has principally been accustomed in youth4 ,he will through life hunt most diligently where he first had the delight of often finding4 ,the utility therefore is obvious of introducing spaniels at an early age to close covers and hedge-rows1 and setters and pointers to heather and stubble4 #gj4 ,in spaniels1 feathered sterns and long ears are much admired1 but obviously the latter must suffer in thick underwood4 ,the chief requisite in all kinds of spaniels1 is1 that they be good finders1 and have noses so true that they will never overrun a scent4 ,should they do so when footing an old cock-pheasant1 the chances are1 that he will double back on the exact line by which he came4 ,they should be high-mettled1--as regardless of the severest weather as of the most punishing cover1 and ever ready to spring into the closest thicket the moment a pointed finger gives the command4 #ga4 ,a comprehension of the signal made by the finger1 7which is far neater than the raising of the hand described in #cd1 but not so quickly understood7 might with advantage be imparted to all dogs trained for the gun1 in order to make them hunt close exactly where directed4 ,it is usually taught by pointing with the fore-finger of the right hand to pieces of biscuit1 previously concealed1 near easily recognised tufts of grass1 weeds1 c4 ,it is beautiful to see how correctly1 promptly1 yet quietly1 some spaniels will work in every direction thus indicated4 ,page ,header3 ,,cover ,,shooting4 #gb4 ,breasting a strong cover with cockers1 is more suited to young1 than to old men4 ,the gun must follow rapidly1 and stick close when a dog is on the road of feather4 ,a shot will then infallibly be obtained1 if a good dog be at work2 for the more closely a bird is pressed1 the hotter gets the scent4 ,if a pheasant found in thick cover on marshy ground near water1--a locality they much like in hot weather1--is not closely pushed1 he will so twist1 and turn1 and double upon old tracks1 that none but the most experienced dogs will be able to stick to him4 #gc4 ,the preceding observations respecting spaniels apply to all descriptions employed on land-service1 whether of the strong kind1 the ,sussex breed and the ,clumber1 or the smallest cockers1 ,blenheims and ,king ,charles'4#ae ,but whether they are to be trained not to hunt flick1#af 7the most difficult part of their tuition1 and in which there is generally most failure71 and whether they shall be bred to give tongue1 or run mute1 will depend much upon the nature of the country to be hunted1 and yet more upon the taste of the proprietor4 ,no fixed rules can be given for a sport that varies so much as cover shooting4 ,page ,header3 ,,bells ,,in ,,cover4 #gd4 ,of the large kind1 most sportsmen will think a couple and a half a sufficient number to hunt at a time4 ,certainly one of them should retrieve3 and they ought to be well broken in not to notice flick4 ,these dogs are most esteemed when they run mute4 ,if they do1 they must be hunted with bells in very thick cover2 but the less bells are employed the better1 for the tinkling sound1 in a greater or smaller degree1 annoys all game4 ,such dogs1 when good1 are very valuable4 #ge4 ,i once shot over a team of ,clumber spaniels belonging to ,mr4 ,d----z4 ,the breed 7the ,duke of ,newcastle's1 taking their name from one of his seats71 are mostly white with a little lemon colour1 have large sensible heads1 thick1 short legs1 silky coats1 carry their sterns low1 and hunt perfectly mute4 ,the team kept within twenty or twenty-five yards of the keeper1 were trained to acknowledge ,rabbits1 as well as all kinds of game2 and in the country ,mr4 ,d----z was then shooting over afforded capital sport4 ,one of the spaniels was taught to retrieve4 ,he would follow to any distance1 and seldom failed to bring4 ,a regular retriever was1 however1 generally taken out with them4 ,mr4 ,d----z told me that they required very judicious management1 and encouragement rather than severity1 as undue whipping soon made them timid4 ,they are of a delicate constitution4 ,he rather surprised me by saying that his spaniels from working quietly and ranging close1 7therefore1 alarming the birds less17 procured him far more shots in turnips than his pointers2 and he had three that looked of the right sort4 ,he explained matters1 however1 by telling me1 that it was his practice to make a circuit round the outskirts of a turnip or potato field before hunting the inner parts4 ,this of course greatly tended to prevent the birds breaking 7#dja74 ,a juvenile sportsman would rejoice in the services of the spaniels1 for many a rabbit would they procure for him without the aid of powder and shot4 ,illustration3 ,,clumbers4 ,all the ,clumbers dropped instantly4--,par4 #gf4 #gf4 ,when ,colonel ,m----1 who died in ,syria1 was stationed with his troop of ,horse ,artillery at ,pontefract1 he was asked to shoot partridges at ,lord ,p----n's seat in ,yorkshire4 ,on meeting the gamekeeper1 according to appointment1 he found him surrounded by a team of ,clumber spaniels4 ,colonel ,m----1 in some surprise at seeing no setters or pointers1 remarked that he had expected some partridge shooting4 ,i know it1 answered the man1 and ,i hope to show you some sport4 ,to the inquiry why one of the spaniels was muzzled1 the keeper said that his master had threatened to shoot it should it again give tongue1 and1 as it possessed a particularly fine nose1 he 7the keeper7 was anxious not to lose it4 ,they walked on1 and soon the man told ,m---- to be prepared1 as the spaniels were feathering4 ,a covey rose4 ,the ,colonel1 who was a good shot1 killed right and left4 ,all the ,clumbers dropped instantly4 ,when he was reloading1 the keeper begged him to say which of the dogs should retrieve the game4 ,m---- pointed to a broad-headed dog lying in the middle1 when the keeper directed by name the spaniel so favoured to be off4 ,it quickly fetched one of the birds4 ,the keeper then asked ,m---- to choose some other dog to bring the remaining bird--a runner4 ,he did so1 and the animal he selected to act as retriever1 performed the duty very cleverly2 the rest of the team remaining quite still1 until its return4 ,the ,colonel had capital sport1 killing nearly twenty brace1 and the dogs behaved beautifully throughout the day4 ,when afterwards relating the circumstances1 he observed that1 although an old sportsman1 he had seldom been so gratified1 as it was a novel scene to him1 who had not been accustomed to shoot over spaniels4 ,page ,header3 ,,team ,,of ,,cockers4 #gg4 ,of small cockers1 three couples appear ample to form a team4 ,some teams of small springers greatly exceed this number1 and many sportsmen shoot over more than a couple and a half of the larger spaniels2 but it is a question whether1 in the generality of cases1 the gun would not benefit by the number being diminished rather than increased4 ,the smaller in number the team1 the greater is the necessity that none of them should stick too close to heel4 ,the difficulty is to make them hunt far enough1 and yet not too far4 ,at least one of the number should retrieve well4 ,if they give tongue1 it ought to be in an intelligible manner2 softly1 when they first come on the haunt of a cock1 but making the cover ring again with their joyous melody1 when once the bird is flushed4 ,a first-rate cocker will never deceive by opening upon an old haunt1 nor yet find the gun unprepared by delaying to give due warning before he flushes the bird4 ,when cocks are abundant1 some teams are broken1 not only to avoid flick1 but actually not to notice a pheasant1 or anything beside woodcock4 ,hardly any price would tempt a real lover of cock-shooting1 in a cocking country1 to part with such a team4 ,hawker terms the sport1 the fox-hunting of shooting4 ,some sportsmen kill water-hens to young spaniels to practise them in forcing their way through entangled covers1 and get them well in hand and steady against the all-important cocking season4 ,page ,header3 ,,strength ,,of ,,team4 #gh4 ,when a regular retriever can be constantly employed with spaniels1 of course it will be unnecessary to make any of them fetch game1 7certainly never to lift anything which falls out of bounds71 though all the team should be taught to seek dead4 ,this is the plan pursued by the ,duke of ,newcastle's keepers1 and obviously it is the soundest and easiest practice1 for it must always be more or less difficult to make a spaniel keep within his usual hunting limits1 who is occasionally encouraged to pursue wounded game1 at his best pace1 to a considerable distance4 #gi4 ,other teams are broken no more than to keep within range1 being allowed to hunt all kinds of game1 and also rabbits2 they1 however1 are restricted from pursuing wounded flick further than fifty or sixty yards4 ,where rabbits are abundant1 and outlying1 a team thus broken affords lively sport1--nothing escapes them4 #hj4 ,in the large woods that traverse parts of ,kent and ,sussex1 a kind of hunting-shooting is followed1 that affords more fun1 where there are plenty of rabbits and but few burrows1 than might at first be imagined4 ,the dogs employed are the smallest beagles that can be obtained4 ,the little creatures stick to a hare1 rabbit1 or wounded pheasant with greater pertinacity than most spaniels1 probably because they 7the beagles7 are slower1 and hunt so low4 ,three or four couples make most animating music in the woodlands1 and procure many shots1 but they awfully disturb game4 ,mr4 ,d----z has gorse covers through which openings or rides are cut4 ,he shoots rabbits in them to a team of beagles trained not to notice hare4 ,the burrows are ferreted the preceding day1 and regularly stopped4 ,the sport is excellent and most animating4 ,plenty of snap shots4 ,an old buck rabbit once or twice hunted becomes extremely cunning4 ,he is soon on the move1 and will work round beyond the dogs1 so as to double back upon the ground already hunted4 ,illustration3 ,,wild ,,spaniels4--,par4 #ha4 ,page ,header3 ,,hunting-,,shooting4 #ha4 ,wild spaniels1 though they may show you most cock1 will get you fewest shots1 unless you have well-placed markers4 ,there are sportsmen who like to take out one steady dog to range close to them1 and a couple of wild ones to hunt on the flanks1 one on each side1 expressly that the latter may put up birds for the markers to take note of4 #hb4 ,mr4 ,o----n1 who is devoted to shooting1 acts upon this system1 but upon a more enlarged scale4 ,having previously posted his markers1 he has each cover1 immediately before he shoots it1 well hunted by the wildest of the dogs3 he then takes a steady animal to the several spots pointed out1 and is thus enabled to kill annually thrice as many cock as any other man in the country4 ,the aptness of this bird1 when a second time flushed1 to return 7#cig7 to its old haunt1 and when again put up to take wing in the direction of its first flight1 much tends to its destruction4 #hc4 ,an old sportsman knows mute spaniels to be most killing2 a young one may prefer those which give tongue1 7if true from the beginning owning nothing but game17 because1 though undeniably greater disturbers of a cover1 they are more cheerful and animating4 ,the superiority of the former is1 however1 apparent on a still calm day1 when the least noise will make the game steal away long before the gun gets within shot4 ,but it is not so in all countries4 #hd4 ,wild as is the woodcock with us after it has recovered from its fatiguing migratory flight1 and been a few times disturbed1 there is not1 perhaps1 naturally1 so tame a game-bird1 and one more difficult to flush in close cover where rarely alarmed4 ,officers quartered at ,corfu frequently cross in the morning to the ,albanian coast1--a two hours' sail or pull1--and return the same evening1 having bagged from fifty to sixty couples to half-a-dozen good guns4 ,their boat is directed to meet them at some head-land1 towards which they shoot4 ,an attendant to carry the game1 and a relay of ammunition1 c41 is told off to each sportsman1 and he of the party who best knows the country1 is chosen captain for the day1 and walks in the centre of the line1 the rest conforming to his movements4 ,there is generally an agreement to halt for a minute1 but not a second more1 to allow a man to look for any cock he may have knocked over2 therefore the possessor of a first-rate retriever is an envied character4 ,the strength and density of the bush occasionally there encountered1 is more than we in ,england can imagine3 and in such situations1 experience has shown the sportsmen the superiority of spaniels which give tongue4 ,on hearing the warning cheerful music1 the line halts for a few seconds1 as1 notwithstanding all the noise1 some little time may pass before the cock is sprung1 for he is frequently so protected by a wall of impervious thicket1 7though sure to have a clear opening overhead for unimpeded flight7 that the keenest dogs cannot immediately get at him4 #he4 ,although the country abounds with deer and boar1 it is almost needless to observe1 that the cock-shooters are too noisy a party often to bag such noble game1 unless some ambitious and bold man 7for being alone he risks having a long barrel covertly pointed at him7 take up a favourable position far in advance4 ,captain ,best1 a fellow-student of mine1 about a dozen years ago1 gives a spirited account of this shooting1 in his entertaining book1 entitled ,excursions in ,albania4 #hf4 ,in the northern part of the ,morea1 about twenty-five miles from ,patras 7near ,ali ,tchelepi1 a dilapidated monastery inhabited by only three monks--near ,monolada1 and ,pera ,metochi71 ,mr4 ,o----n and ,captain ,b----y1 between the #adth of ,january1 #ahdc1 and the #aath of the following month 7both days inclusive71 killed #hfb woodcocks1 #aa hares1 #aa duck1 and #aa snipe4 ,not bad sport6 ,page ,header3 ,,covers4 #hg4 ,in very thick covers it is obvious1 the height of setters being greatly against them1 that spaniels are far preferable3 but in light covers1 and when the leaves are off the trees1 handy old setters 7if white1 all the better7 that will readily confine themselves to a restricted range1 and will flush their game when ordered 7,,iv4 and ,,vii4 of #ada and #bhd7 afford quite as much sport1 if not more4 ,setters do not1 to the same degree1 alarm birds2 and there is1 also1 this advantage1 that they can be employed on all occasions1 excepting in low gorse or the closest thickets1 whereas spaniels1 from their contracted beat1 are nearly useless in the open when game is scarce4 ,you will be prepared1 when first you hunt a setter in cover1 to sacrifice much of your sport4 ,there must be noise2 for it is essential to make him at once thoroughly understand the very different beat required of him1 and this can only be effected by constantly checking and rating him1 whenever he ranges beyond the prescribed limits4 ,he should hunt slowly and carefully to the right and left1 and never be much in advance of the guns4 ,in a short time he will comprehend matters1 if you are so forbearing and judicious as invariably to call him away from every point made the least out of bounds4 ,a less severe test of your consistency will not suffice4 ,the few first days will either make or mar him as a cover-dog4 ,you must naturally expect that hunting him much in cover1 will injure his range in the open1 and make him too fond of hedge-rows4 #hh4 ,but there is a man in ,yorkshire1 who will not willingly admit this4 ,c----e1 ,sir ,george ,a----e's gamekeeper1--and a good one he is1--for he has a particularly difficult country to protect1 one intersected with rights of way in every direction1--makes his pointers as freely hunt the cover as the open4 ,you never lose them1 for they are sure to make their appearance when they think they have given you ample time to go to them if you choose4 ,this cover work does not the least unsteady them1 but it is right to state1 that ,c---- is an unusually good breaker1 and works his dogs with singular temper and patience4 ,they are very attached to him1 and appear to listen anxiously to what he says when he talks to them1--which1 ,i own1 he does more than ,i recommend4 #hi4 ,pointers1 however1 are manifestly out of place in strong cover1 though an unusually high-couraged one may occasionally be found1 who will dash forward in defiance of pricks and scratches2 but it is not fair to expect it4 ,in a very light cover ,i have often shot over one belonging to a relation of mine1 which was so clever1 that when ,i came close to her as she was pointing1 she would frequently run round to the other side of the thicket1 and then rush in to drive the game towards me4 ,this killing plan had in no way been taught her2 she adopted it solely of her own sagacity4 ,having been much hunted in cover when young1 she was so fond of it 7#fi7 as to be1 comparatively speaking1 quite unserviceable on the stubbles4 ,page ,header3 ,,water ,,spaniels4 ,,water ,,spaniels1 7,,or ,,water ,,retrievers47 #ij4 ,a young water spaniel might1 with advantage1 occasionally be indulged with a duck-hunt in warm weather4 ,it would tend to make him quick in the water1 and observant4 ,the finishing lessons might conclude with your shooting the bird and obliging him to retrieve it4 ,he should be made handy to your signals 7,,iv4 to ,,vii4 and ,x4 of #ada71 so as to hunt the fens and marshes1 and seek dead exactly where you may wish4 #ia4 ,this obedience to the hand is particularly required2 for when the spaniel is swimming he is on a level with the bird1 and therefore is not so likely to see it1--especially if there is a ripple on the water1--as you are1 who probably may be standing many feet above him on the shore4 ,as you may frequently1 while he is retrieving1 have occasion to direct his movements when at a considerable distance from him1 you probably would find it more advantageous to teach him the forward signal used by shepherds 7#adc71 than the one described in ,,iv4 of #ada4 #ib4 ,a water spaniel should also be taught to fetch 7#if1 #ih1 #ajf to #aji71--;be accustomed to follow quietly close to your heels1--be broken in1 not to the down charge 7#bg71 but to the drop 7#bc to #bf71 the instant you signal to him1 while you are noiselessly stalking the wild-fowl previously reconnoitered1 with the aid of your ,dollond1 from some neighbouring height2 nor should he stir a limb1 however long he and you may have to await1 ensconced behind a favouring bush1 the right moment for the destructive raking discharge of your first barrel1 to be followed by the less murderous1 but still effective flying shot4 ,on hearing the report1 it is his duty to dash instantly into the water1 and secure the slain as rapidly as possible4 ,illustration3 ,,irish ,,water ,,spaniel4 ,our good ,irish friend4--,par4 #ie4 #ic4 ,a really good water retriever is a scarce and valuable animal4 ,he should be neither white nor black1 because the colours are too conspicuous1 especially the former1 7a hint by-the-bye for your own costume72#ag he should be perfectly mute2 of a patient disposition1 though active in the pursuit of birds2 of so hardy a constitution as not to mind the severest cold1--therefore no coddling while he is young near a fire1--and possess what many are deficient in1 viz41 a good nose3 consequently1 a cross that will improve his nose1 yet not decrease his steadiness1 is the great desideratum in breeding4 ,he should swim rapidly1 for wild-fowl that are only winged1 will frequently escape from the quickest dog1 if they have plenty of sea-room and deep water4 7,see also #aac1 #eec1 #efg47 ,page ,header3 ,,duck ,,shooting4 #id4 ,wildfowl emit a stronger scent than is1 ,i believe1 generally supposed4 ,at ,mr4 ,g----r's1 in ,surrey1 ,mr4 ,l----g was shooting one day last season1 when his pointer ,flint drew for some time towards the river1 and brought the sportsmen to the stump of an old tree4 ,they could see nothing1 and thought the dog must be standing at a moorhen2 but on one of the beaters trying with a stick1 out flew a mallard like a shot from a gun4 ,as ,mr4 ,l----g levelled his tubes1 it is unnecessary to observe that it fell2 but probably it would have been lost had not ,flint1 when encouraged1 jumped into the water and brought the bird to land4 ,a ,mr4 ,c----e1 living near ,edinburgh1 whom ,i have the pleasure of knowing1 has a white setter that is a capital hand at finding ducks1 and sets them steadily4 ,page ,header3 ,,wild-,,rice ,,lakes4 #ie4 ,in the wild-rice lakes1 as they are commonly called1 of ,america1 a brace of highly-trained spaniels will sometimes1 on a windy day1 afford you magnificent sport4 ,the cover is so good that1 if it is not often beaten1 the birds will frequently get up singly1 or only a couple at a time4 ,the dogs should keep swimming about within gun-shot1 while you are slowly and silently paddling1 or probably poling your canoe through the most likely spots4 ,relays of spaniels are requisite1 for it is fatiguing work4 ,if1 by any rare chance1 you are situated where you can get much of this delightful shooting1 and you are an enthusiast in training1 it may be worth your while to consider whether there would not be an advantage in making the dogs perfect in the down charge1 as they would then cease swimming the instant you fired4 ,but this long digression about spaniels has led us away from your pup1 which we assumed 7#c7 to be a pointer or setter1 very unlike our good ,irish friend1 well represented in the last engraving4 ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,,lessons ,,in ,,fetching4--,,retrievers4 #if4 ,lessons in fetching recommended4--#ig4 ,dog not taught to retrieve bringing dead ,bird he had found4--#ih4 ,taught to deliver into your hand2 never pick up a ,bird yourself2 ,dog which often lost winged ,birds she had lifted4--#ii4 ,colonel ,t----y4--#ajj4 ,retriever killing one ,bird in order to carry two4--#aja4 ,fan's sagaciously bringing to firm ground ,bird that had fallen in a swamp4--#ajb4 ,dove's spontaneously fetching one from ,river1 though not accustomed to retrieve4--#ajc4 ,retrievers taught to carry something soft2 injudiciousness of employing a stone4--#ajd4 ,how encouraged to plunge into ,water2 evil of deceiving a ,dog instanced4--#aje4 ,diving1 how taught4--#ajf4 ,fetching taught with a ,pincushion3 with a ,bunch of ,keys4--#ajg4 ,made to deliver instantly4--#ajh4 ,practised to carry things of the size and weight of a ,hare4--#aji4 ,fetching1 how taught at commencement4--#aaj4 ,brace of ,setters taught with an old bone4--#aaa4 ,fetching often taught unskilfully4--#aab4 ,regular ,retrievers taught to fetch ,birds3 to foot ,rabbits and ,winged ,game4--#aac4 ,retriever observes when a ,bird is struck3 a quality particularly useful in a ,water ,retriever4--#aad4 ,pigeons and small ,birds shot to ,retrievers4--#aae4 ,injudiciousness of aiding a young ,dog when ,retrieving2 makes him rely on ,gun rather than his own ,nose4--#aaf4 ,fatigue of carrying ,hare tempts young ,retriever to drop it2 taught to deliver quickly by rewards of hard boiled liver4--#aag4 ,if he taste blood1 put on ,wire ,snaffle2 how made4--#aah4 ,retriever how taught to pursue faster2 should commence to road slowly1 but follow up rapidly4--#aai4 ,why ,land ,retrievers should down charge4--#abj4 ,some ,retrievers may run on shot1 but those for sale should down charge4--#aba4 ,fine retrieving instanced in ,ben4--#abb4 ,anecdote showing his great sagacity4--#abc4 ,benefit derived from a ,seton2 another instance of ,ben's superior retrieving qualities4--#abd4 ,with ,ben's good nose1 certain advantage of down charge4--#abe4 ,retrievers not to be of a heavy build1 yet strong and thick-coated4--#abf4 ,cross between a ,newfoundland and ,setter makes best ,retriever2 the real ,newfoundland described4--#abg4 ,cross from heavy ,setter best ,retriever4--#abh4 ,most ,dogs can be taught more or less to ,retrieve4--#abi4 ,young ,retriever to lift ,woodcock and ,landrail4--#acj4 ,retrievers never to kill ,rats2 lift vermin1 or wounded ,herons1 c4 ,page ,header3 ,,dog ,,fetching ,,bird4 #if4 ,though you may not wish your young pointer 7or setter7 to perform the duties of a regular retriever1 7#ecf7 still you would do well to teach him1 whilst he is a puppy1 to fetch and deliver into your hand anything soft you may occasionally throw for him1 or leave behind you in some place where he will have observed you deposit it1 while he is following at your heels4 ,in a little time you can drop something without letting him see you1 and afterwards send him back for it4 ,a dog thus made1 who is your intimate companion1 becomes so conversant with every article of your apparel1 and with whatever you usually carry about you1 that1 should you accidentally drop anything1 the observant animal will be almost certain to recover it4 ,on receiving your order to be off and find he will accurately retrace your footsteps for miles and miles1 diligently hunting every yard of the ground4 ,of course1 the distances to which you at first send your dog will be inconsiderable1 and you should carefully avoid persevering too long at a time1 lest he get sick of the lesson4 ,indeed1 in all his lessons1--as well in-doors as out1--but particularly in this1 let it be your aim to leave off at a moment when he has performed entirely to your satisfaction2 that you may part the best of friends1 and that the last impression made by the lesson may be pleasing as well as correct1 from a grateful recollection of the caresses which he has received4 ,in wild-duck shooting you may be in situations where you would be very glad if the dog would bring your bird2 and when it is an active runner in cover1 ,i fear you will be more anxious than ,i could wish 7#cbb7 that the dog should fetch4 ,it is probable that he will thus assist you if he be practised as ,i have just advised2 and such instruction may lead1 years hence1 to his occasionally bringing you some dead bird which he may come across1 and which you otherwise might have imagined you had missed1 for its scent might be too cold1 and consequently too changed1 for the dog to have thought of regularly pointing it4 #ig4 ,when ,i was a boy1 ,i recollect seeing such an instance in ,kent4 ,as a great treat1 ,i was permitted 7but merely as a spectator7 to accompany a first-rate shot1 ,mr4 ,c----h1 who was trying a gun he thought of purchasing for his keeper4 ,the dogs soon came upon a covey4 ,he killed with his first barrel1 but apparently missed with his second4 ,he found fault with the gun for not shooting strongly2 and ,i well remember impertinently fancying1--but ,i dared not say so1--that perhaps he was as much to blame as the gun4 ,soon afterwards1 to our mutual surprise1 we saw one of the dogs trotting up with a bird1 still warm1 in its mouth2 thus tacitly reproving me for not having done justice to ,mr4 ,c----h's unerring eye and steady hand4 ,page ,header3 ,,deliver ,,into ,,hand4 #ih4 ,mark my having said1 deliver into your hand1 that your young dog may not be satisfied with only dropping1 within your sight1 any bird he may lift1 and so1 perhaps1 leave it on the other side of a trout stream1 as ,i have seen dogs do more than once1 in spite of every persuasion and entreaty4 ,with a young dog1 who retrieves1 never pick up a bird yourself1 however close it may fall to you4 ,invariably1 make him either deliver it into your hand or lay it at your feet4 ,the former is by far the better plan4 ,if the dog has at one moment to drop the bird at your will1 he is likely to fancy himself privileged to drop it at another time for his own convenience4 ,in other respects1 too1 the former is the safest method4 ,i have a bitch now in my recollection1 who frequently lost her master slightly winged birds1 7which she had admirably recovered7 by dropping them too soon on hearing the report of a gun1 or coming on other game1--for off they ran1 and fairly escaped1 it being impracticable1 by any encouragement1 to induce her to seek for a bird she had once lifted4 #ii4 ,this error1 ,i mean that of allowing a wounded bird to regain its liberty1 was once beautifully avoided by a pretty black retriever1 belonging to ,colonel ,t----y1 a good sportsman and pleasant companion1 who1 not long since1 told me the circumstance2 and ,i am glad to be able1 on such authority1 to relate an anecdote evincing so much reflection and judgment1 for ,i know not by what other terms to characterise the dog's sagacity4 ,page ,header3 ,,colonel ,t----,y',s ,,venus4--,,fan4 #ajj4 ,colonel ,t----y's avocations constantly take him from his neat bachelor's cottage in ,kent1 to travel abroad4 ,shooting in ,hungary he once knocked down two partridges at a shot1--one was killed outright1 the other only slightly wounded4 ,venus soon hit off the trail of the latter1--quickly overtook it1 and1 while carrying it to her master1 came upon the dead bird4 ,she stopped1 evidently greatly puzzled2 and1 after one or two trials1 finding she could not take it up without permitting the escape of the winged bird1 she considered a moment1--then1 deliberately murdered it1 by giving it a severe crunch1 and afterwards brought away both together4 ,it is due to the lady to observe that she is naturally as tender-mouthed as her name would imply her to be tender-hearted1 and that this is the only known instance of her ever having wilfully injured any game4 #aja4 ,sometimes a dog's sagacity will induce him1 however little taught1 to assist you in your hour of need2 but you must not trust to this4 ,an intimate friend of mine1 shooting in ,ireland to a pointer bitch that was totally unaccustomed to fetch and carry1 but well instructed to seek for a dead bird1 killed a snipe4 ,it fell in soft1 boggy ground1 where he could not get at it to pick it up4 ,after some vain efforts to approach it1 he hied on the bitch1 who was still steadily pointing dead1 with ,fetch it1 ,fan2 fetch it4 ,the bitch seemed for a moment puzzled at such an unusual proceeding1 and looked round1 inquisitively1 once or twice1 as if to say1 ,what can you mean8 ,suddenly1 my friend's dilemma seemed to flash upon her4 ,she walked on1 took the bird1 quite gently1 in her mouth1 and carried it to where the ground was firm2 but not one inch further would she bring it1 despite all the encouragement of her master1 who now wished to make her constantly retrieve4 ,this was the first and last bird she ever lifted4 #ajb4 ,dove1 a white setter1 belonging to a near relation of mine1 7the left-hand dog in the engraving illustrating #edj1 is considered extremely like her17 did1 spontaneously1 that which ,fan only consented to do after much entreaty4 ,my relation1 shooting on the banks of the ,forth1 killed a partridge that was flying across the river4 ,as he had no retriever with him he almost regretted having fired2 but1 to his surprise1 ,dove volunteered jumping into the water2 made her way to the bird with a sort of steamboat paddle action1--for ,i verily believe it was the first time she had attempted to swim1--seized it1 and1 returning with it to the shore1 deposited it safely on the bank4 ,she never had retrieved before1 and is not particularly good at seeking dead4 #ajc4 ,i observed it was something soft which you should teach your dog to fetch4 ,probably you have seen a retriever taught to seek and bring a stone1 upon which1 in a delicate manner1 the tutor has spit4 ,does it not stand to reason that the stone must have tended to give his pupil a hard mouth8 ,and what may1 later in life1 cause him much misery in dashing at a bounding stone1 he may split a tooth4 ,dogs of an advanced age suffer more in their mouths than most of us suspect4 #ajd4 ,should your pup be unwilling to enter water1 on no account push him in1 under the mistaken idea that it will reconcile him to the element1--it will but augment his fears 7#cbj74 ,rather1 on a warm day1 throw some biscuit for him1 when he is hungry1 close to the edge of the bank1 where it is so shallow as merely to require his wading4 ,chuck the next piece a little further off1 and1 by degrees1 increase the distance until he gets beyond his depth1 and finds that nature has given him useful swimming powers4 ,on no occasion will the example of another dog more assist you4 ,your youngster's diving can never be of service2 therefore throw in only what will float4 ,otherwise he might have a plunge for nothing1 and so be discouraged2 and evidently it should be your constant aim to avoid doing anything likely to shake his confidence in the judiciousness of your orders4 ,a person ,i know1 taught a dog many good tricks1--among others1 to extinguish the papers thrown upon the ground that had served to light cigars4 ,a booby of a fellow1 very wittily1 took in the dog1 once1 by chucking a red-hot coal to him4 ,a burnt child1 says the old adage1 dreads the fire3 so does a burnt dog3 and1 of course1 no subsequent encouragement would induce him1 ever again1 to approach a lighted paper4 ,page ,header3 ,,taught ,,to ,,fetch4 #aje4 ,if you ever have occasion to teach a dog to dive and retrieve1 first accustom him1 on land1 to fetch something heavy1 of a conspicuous colour4 ,when he brings it eagerly1 commence your diving lesson by throwing it into the shallowest parts of the stream4 ,only by slow degrees get to deep water1 and let your lessons be very short4 ,never chuck in a stone4 ,the chances are twenty to one that there are several at the bottom not very dissimilar1 and the young dog ought not to be subjected to the temptation of picking up one of them in lieu of that he was sent for4 ,should he on any occasion do so1 neither scold nor caress him2 quietly take what he brings1 lay it at your feet1 to show him that you want it not1 and endeavour to make him renew his search for what you threw in2 do this by signs1 and by encouragement with your voice1 rather than by chucking stones in the right direction1 lest he should seek for them instead of searching for what you originally sent him4 #ajf4 ,some teachers make a young dog fetch a round pin-cushion1 or a cork ball1 in which needles are judiciously buried2 nor is it a bad plan1 and there need be no cruelty in it1 if well managed4 ,at least it can only be cruel once1 for a dog's recollection of his sufferings will prevent his picking up the offending object a second time4 ,others1 after he is well drilled into fetching1 and takes pleasure in it1 will make him bring a bunch of keys4 ,there are few things a dog is less willing to lift4 ,most probably they gave him some severe rebuffs when first heedlessly snatching at them2 and the caution thereby induced tends to give him a careful1 tender mouth4 ,a fencing master1 ,i knew in ,france1 had a spaniel1 singularly enough for a ,frenchman1 called ,waterloo1 that would take up the smallest needle4 #ajg4 ,when your dog has picked up what you desired1 endeavour to make him run to you quickly4 ,many who teach a dog to fetch1 praise and encourage him while he is bringing what he was sent after4 ,clearly this is an error4 ,it induces the dog to loiter and play with it4 ,he thinks he is lauded for having it in his mouth and carrying it about4 ,reserve your encomiums and caresses until he has delivered it4 7see #aec47--;,if you walk away1 the fear of your leaving him1 will induce him to hurry after you4 ,let a dog retrieve ever so carelessly1 still1 while on the move1 he will rarely drop a bird4 ,page ,header3 ,,brought ,,to ,,lift ,,weights4 #ajh4 ,dogs that retrieve should be gradually brought to lift heavy1 flexible things1 and such as require a large grasp1 that they may not be quite unprepared for the weight and size of a hare2 otherwise they may be inclined to drag it along by a slight hold of the skin1 instead of balancing it across their mouths4 ,thus capacious jaws are obviously an advantage in retrievers4 ,the ,french gamekeepers1 many of whom are capital hands at making a retriever 7excepting that they do not teach the down charge71 stuff a hare or rabbit skin with straw1 and when the dog has learned to fetch it with eagerness1 they progressively increase its weight by burying larger and larger pieces of wood in the middle of the straw3 and to add to the difficulty of carrying it1 they often throw it to the other side of a hedge or thick copse4 ,if the dog shows any tendency to a hard mouth they mix thorns with the straw4 ,page ,header3 ,,taught ,,to ,,fetch4 #aji4 ,i ought to have mentioned sooner1 that you should commence teaching a puppy to fetch1 by shaking your glove 7or anything soft7 at him1 and encouraging him to seize and drag it from you4 ,then throw it a yard or two off1 gradually increasing the distance1 and the moment he delivers it to you1 give him something palatable4 ,it is easier to teach a dog to retrieve as a puppy than when he is older4 ,from teething his gums are in a state of slight irritation1 and it gives him pleasure to employ his teeth and gums4 ,should you1 contrary to every reasonable expectation1 from his having no inclination to romp or play with the glove1 not be able to persuade him to pick it up1 put it between his teeth1--force him to grasp it by tightly pressing his jaws together1 speaking all the while impressively to him1--scold him if he is obstinate and refuses to take hold of the glove4 ,after a little time retire a few paces1 keeping one hand under his mouth 7to prevent his dropping the glove71 while you lead or drag him with the other4 ,when you halt1 be sure not to take the glove immediately from him1--oblige him to continue holding it for at least a minute1 7lest he should learn to relinquish his grip too soon7 before you make him yield at the command give2 then bestow a reward4 ,should he drop it before he is ordered to deliver it1 replace it in his mouth1 and again retreat some steps before ordering him to give4 ,he will soon follow with it at your heels4 ,if you have sufficient perseverance you can thus make him earn all his daily food4 ,hunger will soon perfect him in the lesson4 ,observe that there are four distinct stages in this trick of carrying1--the first1 making the dog grasp and retain1--the second1 inducing him to bring1 following at your heels1--the third1 teaching him not to quit his hold when you stop1--the fourth1 getting him to deliver into your hands on your order4 ,the great advantage of a sporting dog's acquiring this trick1 is1 that it accustoms him to deliver into your hands2 and it often happens that you must thus teach a dog to carry as a preparative to teaching him to fetch4 ,it certainly will be judicious in you to do so1 if the dog is a lively1 riotous animal2 for the act of carrying the glove 7or stick1 c47 quietly at your heels will sober him1 and make him less likely to run off with it instead of delivering it when you are teaching him to fetch4 ,as soon as he brings the glove tolerably well1 try him with a short stick4 ,you will wish him not to seize the end of it1 lest he should learn to drag instead of to carry4 ,therefore fix pegs or wires into holes drilled at right angles to each other at the extremities of the stick4 ,he will then only grasp it near the middle4 ,page ,header3 ,,taught ,,to ,,carry4 #aaj4 ,on one occasion ,i had a brace of setters to instruct1 which had come to me perfectly untaught1 at far too advanced an age to make their education an easy task2 they had also been harshly treated1 and were consequently shy and timid4 ,this obliged me to proceed with much caution and gentleness4 ,i soon won their confidence1 ,i may say1 their affections2 but ,i could not persuade them to play with my glove1 nor to lift anything ,i threw before them4 ,i was hesitating how to act1 when ,i saw one of them find an old dry bone and bear it off in triumph4 ,i encouraged him in carrying it1--threw it several times for him1 and when he was tired of the fun1 ,i brought the old bone home as a valuable prize4 ,next day ,i tied a string to it1--,i frequently chucked it to a short distance1 and when the dog had seized it ,i dragged it towards me1 generally turning my back to the dog4 ,as soon as ,i regained it1 ,i made him attach a value to its being in my hands1 by employing it as a plate on which to offer him some delicacy4 ,in a few days ,i could dispense with the string1 and ,i soon ventured to substitute for the bone the string rolled up as a ball2 afterwards ,i employed a stick4 ,ultimately the dog fetched very promptly4 ,his companion also took up the trick from the force of good example4 7,see note to #cd47 #aaa4 ,i have dwelt thus long on carrying and fetching1 because they are frequently taught so injudiciously1 that the result is a complete failure4 ,page ,header3 ,,land ,,retriever4 #aab4 ,this drill should be further extended if a ,,regular ,,land ,,retriever be your pupil4 ,throw dead birds of any kind for him to bring 7of course one at a time71 being on the alert to check him whenever he grips them too severely4 ,if he persists in disfiguring them1 pass a few blunted knitting needles through them at right angles to one another4 ,when he fetches with a tender mouth1 you will be able to follow up this method of training still further by letting him road 7or foot1 as it is often termed7 a rabbit in high stubble1 one 7or both1 if a strong buck7 of whose hind-legs you will have previously bandaged in the manner described in #fj4 ,be careful not to let him see you turn it out1 lest he watch your proceedings and endeavour to hunt by eye4 ,indeed1 it might be better to employ another person to turn it out4 ,keep clear of woods for some time3--the cross scents would puzzle him4 ,if by any chance you have a winged pheasant or partridge1 let him retrieve it4 ,you will not1 ,i presume1 at the commencement select a morning when there is a dry cold wind from the north-east1 but probably you will wish to conclude his initiatory lessons on days which you judge to possess least scent4 ,the more he has been practised as described in #dc1 the better will he work2 for he cannot keep his nose too perseveringly close to the ground4 ,with reference to the instructions in that paragraph ,i will here remark1 that before you let the dog stoop to hunt1 you should have placed him by signal 7#ce7 near the spot from which you had begun dragging the bread4 ,in paragraph #bgg an instance is given of the manner in which a dog who retrieves should be put upon a scent2 and why that mode is adopted is explained in #bga4 #aac4 ,it is quite astonishing how well an old dog that retrieves knows when a bird is struck4 ,he instantly detects any hesitation or uncertainty of movement1 and for a length of time will watch its flight with the utmost eagerness1 and1 steadily keeping his eye on it1 will1 as surely as yourself1 mark its fall4 ,to induce a young dog to become thus observant1 always let him perceive that you watch a wounded bird with great eagerness2 his imitative instinct will soon lead him to do the same4 ,this faculty of observation is particularly serviceable in a water retriever4 ,it enables him to swim direct to the crippled bird1 and1 besides the saving of time1 the less he is in the water in severe weather1 the less likely is he to suffer from rheumatism4 #aad4 ,as an initiatory lesson in making him observant of the flight and fall of birds1 place a few pigeons 7or other birds7 during his absence1 each in a hole covered with a tile4 ,afterwards come upon these spots apparently unexpectedly1 and1 kicking away the tiles1 7or1 what is better1 dragging them off by a previously adjusted string17 shoot the birds for him to bring2 it being clearly understood that he has been previously tutored into having no dread of the gun4 ,as he will have been taught to search where bidden 7,,iv4 to ,,viii4 of #ada71 nothing now remains but to take him out on a regular campaign1 when the fascinating scent of game will infallibly make him search 7,i do not say deliver7 with great eagerness4 ,when once he then touches upon a scent1 leave him entirely to himself1--not a word1 not a sign4 ,possibly his nose may not be able to follow the bird1 but it is certain that yours cannot4 ,occasionally you may be able to help an old retriever 7#edd71 but rarely1 if ever1 a young one4 ,your interference1 nay1 probably your mere presence1 would so excite him as to make him overrun the scent4 ,remain1 therefore1 quietly where you are1 until he rejoins you4 ,page ,header3 ,,watches ,,flight ,,of ,,birds4 #aae4 ,when we see a winged pheasant racing off1 most of us are too apt to assist a young dog1 forgetting that we thereby teach him1 instead of devoting his whole attention to work out the scent1 to turn to us for aid on occasions when it may be impossible to give it4 ,when a dog is hunting for birds1 he should frequently look to the gun for signals1 but when he is on them1 he should trust to nothing but his own scenting faculties4 #aaf4 ,if1 from a judicious education1 a retriever pup has had a delight in fetching rapidly1 it is not likely he will loiter on the way to mouth his birds2 but the fatigue of carrying a hare a considerable distance may1 perhaps1 induce a young dog to drop it in order to take a moment's rest4 ,there is a risk that when doing so he may be tempted to lick the blood1 and1 finding it palatable1 be led to maul the carcase4 ,you see1 therefore1 the judiciousness of employing every means in your power to ensure his feeling anxious to deliver quickly1 and ,i know not what plan will answer better1--though it sounds sadly unsentimental1--than to have some pieces of hard boiled liver#ah at hand to bestow upon him the moment he surrenders his game1 until he is thoroughly confirmed in an expeditious delivery4 ,never give him a piece1 however diligently he may have searched1 unless he succeed in bringing4 ,when you leave off these rewards do so gradually4 ,the invariable bestowal of such dainties during1 at least1 the retriever's first season1 will prevent his ever dropping a bird on hearing the report of a gun 7as many do71 in order to search for the later killed game4 ,page ,header3 ,,bit ,,for ,,blood-,,sucker4 #aag4 ,should a young retriever evince any wish to assist the cook by plucking out the feathers of a bird2 or from natural vice or mismanagement before he came into your possession1#ai show any predisposition to taste blood1 take about two feet 7dependent upon the size of the dog's head7 of iron wire1 say the one-eighth of an inch in diameter1 sufficiently flexible for you1 but not for him1 to bend4 ,shape this much into the form of the letter ,u1 supposing the extremities to be joined by a straight line4 ,place the straight part in the dog's mouth1 and passing the other over his head and ears1 retain it in position by a light throat lash passed through a turn in the wire1 as here roughly represented4 ,the flexibility of the wire will enable you to adjust it with ease to the shape of his head4 ,when in the kennel he ought to be occasionally thus bitted1 that he may not fret when he is first hunted with it4 ,it will not injure his teeth or much annoy him1 if it lies on his grinders a little behind the tushes4 ,illustration #aah4 ,sometimes a retriever1 notwithstanding every encouragement1 will not pursue a winged bird with sufficient rapidity4 ,in this case associate him for a few days with a quicker dog1 whose example will to a certainty animate him and increase his pace4 ,it is true that when he is striving to hit off a scent he cannot work too patiently and perseveringly2 but1 on the other hand1 the moment he is satisfied he is on it1 he cannot follow too rapidly4 ,a winged bird when closely pressed1 seems1 through nervousness1 to emit an increasing stream of scent2 therefore1 though it may sound paradoxical1 the retriever's accelerated pace then makes him 7his nose being close to the ground7 the less likely to overrun it2 and the faster he pursues the less ground must he disturb1 for the shorter will be the chase4 ,page ,header3 ,,the ,,down ,,charge4 #aai4 ,retrievers are generally taught to rush in1 the instant a bird falls4 ,this plan1 like most other things1 has its advocates and its opponents4 ,i confess to being one of the latter1 for ,i cannot believe that in the long run it is the best way to fill the bag4 ,i think it certain that more game is lost by birds being flushed while the guns are unloaded1#bj than could be lost from the scent cooling during the short period the dog remains at the down charge4 ,unquestionably some retrievers have so good a nose1 that the delay would not lead to their missing any wounded game1 however slightly struck 7#abc72 and the delay has this great advantage1 that it helps to keep the retriever under proper subjection1 and diminishes his anxiety to rush to every part of the line where a gun may be fired1 instead of remaining quietly at his master's heels until signaled to take up the scent4 ,moreover1 a retriever1 by neglecting the down charge1 sets an example to the pointers or setters who may be his companions1 which it is always more or less difficult to prevent the dogs1 if young1 from following4 ,but ,i once shot over a retriever which ,i could hardly wish not to have run on shot4 ,on a bird being hit he started off with the greatest impetuosity1 kept his eye immoveably fixed on its flight1 and possessed such speed1 that a winged bird scarcely touched the ground ere it was pinned4 ,he would1 too1 often seize a slightly injured hare before it had acquired its best pace4 ,the pursuit so soon terminated1 that possibly less game escaped being fired at1 than if the retriever had not stirred until the guns were reloaded4 ,on a miss he was never allowed--indeed appeared little inclined--to quit heel4 ,of course a trainer's trouble is decreased by not breaking to the down charge1 which may induce some to recommend the plan2 though it is to be observed1 that this class of dogs is more easily than any other perfected in it1 because the breaker nearly always possesses the power of treading upon or seizing the checkcord the instant a bird is sprung4 #abj4 ,the nature of your shooting will much influence you in deciding which of the two methods to adopt2 but should you select the one which the generality of good sportsmen consider to be most according to rule1 and to possess the greatest beauty1 viz41 the down charge1 rather lose any bird1 however valuable1 so long as your retriever remains young1 than put him on the foot a second before you have reloaded4 ,undoubtedly it ought to be taught to every dog broken for sale1 as the purchaser can always dispense with it should he judge it unnecessary3--it can soon be untaught4 ,it is clear that not quitting heel until ordered1 is tantamount to the regular down charge1 but ,i think the last is the easiest to enforce constantly4 ,it is the more decided step4 ,page ,header3 ,,mr4 ,k----,g',s ,,ben4 #aba4 ,mr4 ,k----g 7mentioned in #bca7 had a famous retriever whose build1 close curly hair1 and aquatic propensities1 showed his close affinity to the water spaniel1 though doubtless there was some strain of the ,landsman4 ,he retrieved with singular zeal and pertinacity4 ,indeed his superiority over all competitors in his neighbourhood1 was so generally admitted1 that his master was hardly ever asked to shoot at any place1 without a special invitation being sent to ,ben4 ,when beating a cover1 there was a constant call for ,ben4 ,no merely winged pheasant fell to the ground1 and no hare went off wounded but there was heard1 ,ben1 ,ben4 ,on one occasion1 when ,k----g was posted at the extremity of the line1 the dog was called away so often that his master got annoyed1 and declared that the animal should attend to no one but himself4 ,soon there was a double shot1 and1 of course1 the usual vociferations for ,ben1 but he was ordered to keep close4 ,louder and louder were the cries for ,ben1 but all in vain1--he obediently followed only his master's orders4 ,at length when the cover was beaten through1 ,k----g inquired into the cause of the hubbub4 ,young ,b----k told him1 in no kind humour1 that his churlishness in retaining the dog had lost them a fine hare4 ,if1 said ,k----g1 you are certain you wounded it1 and can put me on the exact spot where it was when you fired1 ,i will bet you #e that ',ben' shall find her4 ,b----k observed that he knew perfectly the precise place1 having carefully marked it with a stick1 but added1 that he much doubted the possibility of the dog's picking up the scent1 as more than half an hour had since elapsed4 ,k----g1 however1 stuck to his offer4 ,they went back and found some pile1 which proved that the hare had been struck4 ,the dog was put on the trail4 ,he at once took it1 but was so long away1 7perhaps twenty minutes17 that they thought it best to search for him4 ,they found him almost immediately1 lying down with the hare alongside of him4 ,his tongue was hanging out of his mouth1 and he showed other symptoms of great distress4 ,evidently he had brought the hare from a considerable distance4 ,page ,header3 ,,ben',s ,,reflections4 #abb4 ,ben had numerous excellent qualities1 but his greatest admirers1 and few dogs had so many1 were obliged to admit1 that he was of a quarrelsome1 pugnacious disposition4 ,it unluckily happened that he had taken a great dislike to a large cubbish young retriever belonging to the aforesaid ,mr4 ,b----k1 who often shot with ,k----g2 and ,i am sorry to say none of ,ben's prejudices were removed by the kindly fellowship and good feeling usually engendered by association in field-sports4 ,the day's work generally commenced by ,ben's making a rush at his big awkward companion1 and overturning him4 ,after this feat1 upon which he evidently greatly plumed himself1 he would proceed to business4 ,it happened that one of the sportsmen once knocked over a pheasant which fell outside the hedge surrounding the copse they were beating4 ,it proved to be a runner2 ,ben1 however1 soon got hold of it1 and was carrying it to his master in the cover1 when up came the other dog wishing to assist4 ,ben's anger was roused1--he was anxious to punish such intrusive interference--but how to manage it was the question1 for if he put down the winged bird it would run into the wood1 where there might be much trouble in recovering it4 ,quick as thought1 off ran ,ben to the middle of the large ploughed field1--there he dropped the bird1--then dashed at his lumbering rival1 quickly gave him a thrashing1 and afterwards started in pursuit of the pheasant1 which he managed to overtake before it regained the copse4 ,if that was not reflection it was something very like it4 #abc4 ,one more anecdote of poor ,ben4 ,i say poor1 because he died prematurely from a swelling under the throat which might1 in all probability1 have been cured1 had a long seton been run through it1 or rather under the adjacent skin1--a mode of treatment attended with the happiest results in the case of another dog attacked in a similar manner in the same kennel4 ,ben and an old setter were ,k----g's only canine attendants when he was once pheasant shooting with a friend on some steep banks4 ,k----g was at the bottom1 his friend on the top4 ,a cock-pheasant was sprung and winged by the latter4 ,the bird not being immediately found1 there was the usual cry for ,ben4 ,go along1 said ,k----g4 ,away went the dog1 who soon took up the scent and dashed off1 but had not gone many yards before he started a hare2 ,k----g had soon an opening to fire1 and wounded it4 ,ben pursued it1 urged on by his master1 who felt sure the dog would be able to retrieve the pheasant afterwards4 ,the hare was viewed scrambling up the bank4 ,ben soon appeared in sight and caught it4 ,k----g's friend much abused poor ,ben for quitting one scent for another4 ,do not put yourself out of humour1 said ,k----g2 you don't know the dog1--wait till he comes back1 and if he does not then get the bird1 blame me4 ,having allowed ,ben a little breathing time1 ,k----g took him to the place where the bird fell4 ,the dog quickly hit off the scent1 ,k----g1 now perfectly satisfied that all was right1 made his friend sit down4 ,in little more than a quarter of an hour ,ben came back with the bird alive in his mouth1 it having no other wound that could be perceived than on the pinion of one wing4 #abd4 ,with such a nose as ,ben's could there have been any harm in his being taught to down charge1 and might there not have been much good 7#aai78 ,you see that owing to his having put up the hare while ,k----g's friend was loading1 it might have escaped1 had it1 as is usually the case1 at once taken to the hills4 #abe4 ,large retrievers are less apt to mouth their game than small ones3 but very heavy dogs are not desirable1 for they soon tire4 ,and yet a certain medium is necessary1 for they ought to have sufficient strength to carry a hare with ease through a thicket1 when balanced in their jaws1 and be able to jump a fence with her4 ,they should run mute4 ,and they should be thick-coated3 unless they are so1--,i do not say long-coated1--they cannot be expected to dash into close cover1 or plunge into water after a duck or snipe when the thermometer is near zero4 ,page ,header3 ,,the ,,true ,,newfoundland4 #abf4 ,from education there are good retrievers of many breeds1 but it is usually allowed that1 as a general rule1 the best land retrievers are bred from a cross between the setter and the ,newfoundland1--or the strong spaniel and the ,newfoundland4 ,i do not mean the heavy ,labrador1 whose weight and bulk is valued because it adds to his power of draught1 nor the ,newfoundland1 increased in size at ,halifax and ,st4 ,john's to suit the taste of the ,english purchaser1--but the far slighter dog reared by the settlers on the coast1--a dog that is quite as fond of water as of land1 and which in almost the severest part of a ,north ,american winter will remain on the edge of a rock for hours together1 watching intently for anything the passing waves may carry near him4 ,such a dog is highly prized4 ,without his aid the farmer would secure but few of the many wild ducks he shoots at certain seasons of the year4 ,the patience with which he waits for a shot on the top of a high cliff 7until the numerous flock sail leisurely underneath7 would be fruitless1 did not his noble dog fearlessly plunge in from the greatest height1 and successfully bring the slain to shore4 #abg4 ,probably a cross from the heavy1 large-headed setter1 who1 though so wanting in pace1 has an exquisite nose2 and the true ,newfoundland1 makes the best retriever4 ,nose is the first desideratum4 ,a breaker may doubt which of his pointers or setters possesses the greatest olfactory powers1 but a short trial tells him which of his retrievers has the finest nose4 #abh4 ,making a first-rate retriever is a work of time1 but his being thoroughly grounded in the required initiatory lessons facilitates matters surprisingly4 ,indeed after having been taught the drop 7#bc1 #be1 #bf7--to fetch 7#ajg to #aji7--;and seek dead in the precise direction he is ordered 7,,xi4 of #ada71 almost any kind of dog can be made to retrieve4 ,the better his nose is1 the better of course he will retrieve4 ,sagacity1 good temper1 quickness of comprehension1 a teachable disposition1 and all cultivated qualities1 are almost as visibly transmitted to offspring as shape and action2 therefore the stronger a dog's hereditary instincts lead him to retrieve1 the less will be the instructor's trouble2 and the more obedient he is made to the signals of the hand1 the more readily will he be put upon a scent4 ,dogs that are by nature quick rangers do not take instinctively to retrieving4 ,they have not naturally sufficient patience to work out a feeble scent4 ,they are apt to overrun it4 ,a really good retriever will pursue a wounded bird or hare as accurately as a bloodhound will a deer or man2 and if he is put on a false scent1 ,i mean a scent of uninjured flick or feather1 he will not follow it beyond a few steps3--experience will have shown him the inutility of so doing4 7#ede47 ,page ,header3 ,,retrieve ,,woodcock4 #abi4 ,avail yourself of the first opportunity to make a young retriever lift a woodcock1 lest in after life1 from its novel scent1 he decline touching it1 as many dogs have done to the great annoyance of their masters4 ,ditto1 with the delicate landrail4 ,page ,header3 ,,no ,,rat-,,hunting4 #acj4 ,the directions given about fetching1 led me to talk of retrievers2 and having touched upon the subject1 ,i thought it right not to quit it1 until ,i had offered the best advice in my power4 ,i have but one more recommendation to add before ,i return to your setter 7or pointer7 pup3 carefully guard a young retriever 7indeed any dog bred for the gun7 from being ever allowed to join in a rat-hunt4 ,rat-hunting would tend to destroy his tenderness of mouth1 nay possibly make him mangle his game4 ,but this is not all4 ,it has often gradually led good dogs to decline lifting hares or rabbits1 apparently regarding them more in the light of vermin than of game4 ,some dogs1 however1 that are not bad retrievers1 are capital ratters1 but they are exceptions to the general rule4 ,indeed1 you should never permit your dog to retrieve any kind of ground or winged vermin4 ,if the creature were only wounded it might turn upon him4 ,he in self-defence would give it a grip1 and he might thus be led to follow the practice on less pardonable occasions4 ,remember1 that a winged bittern or heron might peck out his eye4 ,,chapter ,v4 ,,initiatory ,,lessons ,,out ,,of ,,doors4--,,tricks4 #aca4 ,lessons in ,country ,walks4--#acb4 ,instruction in quartering2 hunted where least likely to find ,game2 taught while young4 ,in note1 ,bitch shot over when seven months old4--#acc4 ,if unreasonably long before taking to hunting1 the remedy4--#acd4 ,utility of ,initiatory ,lessons2 taught without punishing4--#ace4 ,self-confidence of timid ,dogs increased4--#acf4 ,the more ,dogs learn1 the more readily they learn4--#acg4 ,two superior ,dogs better than half-a-dozen of the ordinary sort2 ,action of ,dogs2 their ,feet2 ,loins2 dash of ,fox-hound gives endurance2 cross with ,bull hunts with nose too low2 ,reliefs desirable2 best ,dog reserved for evening4--#ach4 ,immense sums spent in shooting1 yet begrudged for superior ,dogs4--#aci4 ,memorandum1 never to ride through gate with gun athwart-ship2 instance of ,dog's behaving admirably the first day shown ,game4--#adj4 ,proves the value of ,initiatory ,lessons4--#ada4 ,summary of knowledge imparted by them4--#adb4 ,why to signal with right ,hand4--#adc4 ,obedience of ,shepherd's ,dogs to ,signals4--#add4 ,one ,word only of command2 dogs attend to the general ,sound1 not to the several ,words4--#ade4 ,names of ,dogs not to end in ,o2 to be easily called2 to be dissimilar4--#adf4 ,drop better word of command than ,down2 use words of command least likely to be employed by others2 when purchasing a ,dog1 ascertain what words he is accustomed to4--#adg to #adi4 ,ladies have no control over ,dogs2 the reason4--#aej4 ,they possess patience and temper3 could teach any ,tricks2 ,dogs how taught to fag at ,cricket4--#aea4 ,newfoundland carrying off lady's ,parasol for a ,bun4--#aeb4 ,he was a ,physiognomist4--#aec4 ,method of teaching carrying1 greatly differs from method of teaching fetching4--#aed4 ,tricks exhibited with effect4--#aee to #aeg4 ,instanced at ,tonbridge ,wells4--#aeh1 #aei4 ,instanced at ,gibraltar2 ,game of ,draughts4--#afj1 #afa4 ,elephant shown off4--#afb4 ,bewilderment of ,keeper of ,menagerie4--#afc4 ,ladies' ,pets too pampered2 ,shepherd's ,collies4--#afd4 ,kindness without petting4--#afe1 #aff4 ,instance of bad ,habit cured by perseverance4 ,ladies breaking in ,dogs for the gun4 ,in note1 ,whale fishing at ,bermuda4--#afg4 ,dog's ,affections2 always gained by first attentions2 win his love1 that he may exert himself to please4--,dog sleeping on poacher's clothes4--#afi4 ,esquimaux ,dogs2 ,esquimaux ,women4 ,page ,header3 ,,business ,,in ,,hand4 #aca4 ,as ,i before observed1 you can practise most of the initiatory lessons in your country walks4 ,always put something alluring in your pocket to reward your pupil for prompt obedience4 ,do not take him out unnecessarily in bad weather4 ,on no account let him amuse himself by scraping acquaintance with every idle cur he meets on the way2 nor permit him to gambol about the lanes4 ,let him understand by your manner that there is business in hand4 ,never let him enter a field before you4 ,always keep him at your heels1 until you give him the order to be off4 ,you will find him disposed to presume and encroach4 ,according to the old adage1 ,give him an inch1 and he will take an ell4 ,he will be endeavouring to lead rather than to follow1 and1 should he fancy himself unobserved1 he will most perseveringly steal inch upon inch in advance4 ,be ever on the watch1 ready to check the beginning of every act of disobedience4 ,implicit obedience in trifles will insure it in things of more importance--but see par4 #cde4 ,illustration3 ,,inclined ,,to ',,rat4' ,page ,header3 ,,instruction ,,in ,,quartering4 #acb4 ,for some time1 but the period is uncertain1--say from his being eight months old until double that age1#ba--;he will merely gallop and frisk about1 and probably will take diligently to persecuting butterflies4 ,let him choose what he likes4 ,don't think that he will prize small beer1 when he can get champagne4 ,he will leave off noticing inferior articles as he becomes conversant with the taste of game4 ,it is now your main object to get him to hunt2 no matter what1 so that he is not perpetually running to heel4 ,and the more timid he is1 the more you must let him chase1 and amuse himself as his fancy dictates4 ,when you see that he is really occupying himself with more serious hunting1 eagerly searching for small birds1 especially larks1 you must begin instructing him how to quarter his ground to the greatest advantage1 under your constant direction4 ,should any one join you1 or anything occur likely to prevent your giving him your strictest attention1 on no account permit him to range1--keep him to heel until you are quite prepared to watch and control all his movements4 ,hunt him where he is least likely to find game1 for he will take to quartering his ground far more regularly1 under your guidance1 where his attention is least distracted by any scent4 ,the taint of partridge would be almost sure to make him deviate from the true line on which you are anxious he should work4 ,labour now diligently1 if possible daily1 though not for many hours a day2 for be assured1 a good method of ranging can only be implanted when he is young3 but be discreet1 if he be naturally timid1 you may make him afraid to leave your heel--the worst of faults4 #acc4 ,should your pup be so long before taking to hunting that your patience becomes exhausted1 let an old dog accompany you a few times4 ,when he finds birds1 gradually bring the young one upon them from leeward1 and let him spring them4 ,encourage him to sniff the ground they have quitted1 and allow him to run riot on the haunt4 ,after that enjoyment1 the example of the old dog will most likely soon make him range1 and employ his nose in seeking a repetition of what has afforded him such unexpected delight4 ,if it does not1 and the old dog is steady and good-humoured enough to bear the annoyance cheerfully1 couple the young one to him4 ,before this he should have learned to work kindly in couples 7#dh74 ,but ,i am getting on too fast1 and swerving from the track ,i had marked for myself4 ,by-and-by ,i will tell you how ,i think you should instruct your youngster to quarter his ground to the best advantage4 7#agc1 c47 ,page ,header3 ,,gain ,,affection4 #acd4 ,common sense shows that you ought not to correct your dog for disobedience1 unless you are certain that he knows his fault4 ,now you will see that the initiatory lessons ,i recommend1 must give him that knowledge1 for they explain to him the meaning of almost all the signs and words of command you will have to employ when shooting4 ,that knowledge1 too1 is imparted by a system of rewards1 not punishments4 ,your object is not to break his spirit1 but his self-will4 ,with his obedience you gain his affection4 ,the greatest hardship admissible1 in this early stage of his education1 is a strong jerk of the checkcord1 and a sound rating1 given1 when necessary1 in the loudest tone and sternest manner2 and it is singular how soon he will discriminate between the reproving term bad 7to which he will sensitively attach a feeling of shame71 and the encouraging word good1--expressions that will hereafter have a powerful influence over him1 especially if he be of a gentle1 timid disposition4 #ace4 ,in educating such a dog1--and there are many of the kind1 likely to turn out well1 if they are judiciously managed1 often possessing noses so exquisite 7perhaps ,i ought to say cautious71 as nearly to make up for their general want of constitution and powers of endurance3--it is satisfactory to think that all these lessons can be inculcated without in the slightest degree depressing his spirit4 ,on the contrary1 increasing observation and intelligence will gradually banish his shyness and distrust of his own powers2 for he will be sensible that he is becoming more and more capable of comprehending your wishes1 and therefore less likely to err and be punished 7#cdg74 ,page ,header3 ,,further ,,knowledge ,,readily ,,gained4 #acf4 ,i fear you may imagine that ,i am attributing too much reasoning power to him4 ,you would not think so if you had broken in two or three dogs4 ,what makes dog-teaching1 if not very attractive1 at least not laborious1 is the fact that the more you impart to a dog1 the more readily will he gain further knowledge4 ,after teaching a poodle or a terrier a few tricks1 you will be surprised to see with what increasing facility he will acquire each successive accomplishment4 ,it is this circumstance which1 ,i think1 should induce you not to regard as chimerical the perfection of which ,i purpose to speak by-and-by1 under the head of refinements in breaking4 ,indeed ,i only adopt this distinction in deference to what ,i cannot but consider popular prejudice2 for ,i well know many will regard such accomplishments as altogether superfluous4 ,it is sad to think that an art which might easily be made much more perfect1 is allowed1 almost by universal sufferance1 to stop short just at the point where excellence is within grasp4 ,page ,header3 ,,esquimaux ,,dogs4 #acg4 ,far more dogs would be well broken1 if men would but keep half the number they usually possess4 ,the owner of many dogs cannot shoot often enough over them to give them great experience4 ,is it that some youngsters are fond of the clat of a large kennel8 ,that can hardly be1 or ought not to be2 for clearly it would be more sportsmanlike to pride themselves upon the rare qualities of a few highly-trained animals4 ,a lover of the trigger might be excused an occasional boast1 if made with an approach to truth1 that he shot over the best broken dogs in the county4 ,i say seriously1 that if ,i had a considerable bet upon the quantity of game that ,i was to kill in a season1 ,i had much rather possess two perfectly educated dogs than half-a-dozen commonly called broken2--and even if ,i gave fifty or sixty guineas for the brace1 it would be more economical than to purchase twice as many of the everyday sort2 for1 to say nothing of the tax-gatherer1 consider what would be the saving at the end of a very few years between the keep of two1 and of four or five dogs4 ,i suspect the difference would soon repay the large price paid for the highly-educated favourites4 ,oh6 yes4 ,i anticipate what you would say2 but1 keen sportsman as ,i am1 ,i own ,i have not time or inclination to shoot oftener than three or four out of the six working-days of the week1--and ,i suspect not many men have1 except just at the beginning of a season4 ,moreover1 in reference to what ,i fancy are your thoughts respecting the insufficiency of two1 ,i must premise that they are to be good-hearted dogs1--good feeders after work1--probably of the sort whose exuberant animal spirits1 untiring energies1 and rapture at inhaling the exciting perfume of game1 have led them to run riot in many a lawless chase2 who have consequently used up more than their fair share of the breaker's checkcord1 and consumed an undue portion of his time4 ,they must not be those whose constitutions have been injured in their growth by excessive work2 for dogs vary as much as horses in the quantity of labour they are able to perform1 both from diversity of natural capabilities1 and from the greater or less care bestowed upon them while progressing towards maturity4 ,the ,esquimaux1 who from anxious observation must be a competent judge1--his very existence depending upon the powers and endurance of his dogs1--not only occasionally crosses them with the wolf 7the progeny is prolific7 to increase their strength and hardiness1--,i do not say sagacity1--but he is so impressed with the necessity of not overtasking them until they have attained their full stamina and vigour1 that although he breaks them into harness before they are quite a twelvemonth old1 when their immediate services would be convenient1 he yet abstains from putting them to severe labour until they are nearly three years of age4 ,my supposed dogs must1 too1 have as united a gallop as a good hunter1 and have small1 round1 hard feet2 for this ,i hold to be a more certain test of endurance in the field1 than any other point that you can name4 ,rest assured1 that the worst loined dogs with good feet#bb are capable of more fatigue in stubble or heather1 than the most muscular and best loined1 with fleshy understandings4 ,the most enduring pointers ,i have ever seen hunted1 had more or less of the strain of the fox-hound2 but doubtless they were proportionately hard to break1 for their hereditary bias on one side of the house must have given them an inclination to chase and carry their heads low4 ,i have shot over a cross with the bull-dog4 ,the animal showed great courage1 perseverance1 and nose1 but he hunted with his head so near the ground1 that he hit off no game unless he came upon its run4 ,the strongest heather could not have cured such a sad carriage4 ,it would be quite unreasonable to expect that dogs so bred 7from either fox-hound or bull-dog71 would have acted like ,mr4 ,m----t's1 7see #bhj7 the first day they were shown game4 ,remember also that ,i do not expect to lose any shots from the birds being scared by my being forced to call or whistle to the dogs1 and that ,i confidently hope to shoot more coolly and collectedly1 from not being worried and annoyed by their misconduct2 ,i allow1 however1 that in any open country more than two dogs are desirable2 and ,i especially admit1 that whenever ,i might have the good luck to get away to the moors1 ,i should be unwilling to start with no more than a brace2 but even in this case1 as ,i should hope for better society than my own1 have ,i not a right to calculate upon the probable contingent to be brought by my friend8 and if his turned out superior to mine1 we should always reserve his for our evening's beat1 which ought to be the best feeding ground1 and towards which it would be our endeavour throughout the day to drive the birds2 for1 unlike the partridge1 the later it is1 early in the season1 the better grouse lie4 ,many dogs are desirable1 not that they may be hunted together1 but that they may be hunted in reliefs4 ,but some possess so much power and bottom1 that their owners need seldom think about reliefs in partridge-shooting4 ,illustration3 ,,broaching ,a ,,barrel4 ,the extremities of the gun caught the side-posts4--,par4 #aci4 ,page ,header3 ,,good ,,dogs ,,ultimately ,,cheapest4 #ach4 ,in enlarging a kennel1 it ought always to be remembered1 that the companionship of one disorderly cur nominally cheap1 but in reality dear1 soon leads astray the better disposed4 ,men who spare no expense in preserving their grounds1 in rearing and feeding birds1 c4 will often be found to begrudge a few extra pounds in the purchase of a dog1 however good4 ,this appears odd1 but it is too true4 ,if they would but sum up the rent they pay for the right of shooting1 7or what is the same thing1 its value1 if they choose to let it71 the wages of men1 the cost of breeding game1 taxes1 and all other attendant expenses1 they would find that they wreck themselves at last for comparatively a trifle4 ,page ,header3 ,,ireland ,,grouse-,,shooting4 #aci4 ,i am1 however1 wandering from our immediate subject4 ,let us return to the lecture1 and consider how much knowledge your pupil will have acquired by these preliminary instructions4 ,we shall find that1 with the exception of a systematically confirmed range1 really little remains to be learned1 save what his almost unaided instinct will tell him4 ,i will give you an instance of what ,i mean in the conduct of a young pointer ,i saw shot over the first day he was ever shown game4 ,you know that in ,ireland grouse-shooting does not commence before the #bjth of ,august1--a date far more judicious than ours4 ,i well remember that day at ,clonmel in the year #ahbh4 ,long before any glimmering of light1 one of our party had fractured the stock of a favourite double barrel1 by carelessly letting it hang across his body at the moment a skittish cob he was riding rushed through a narrow gateway4 ,the extremities of the gun caught the side-posts1 and if it had not given way1 he must have parted company with his nag4 ,i believe we each made a memorandum1 never whilst riding through a gate to let our guns get athwart-ship4 ,the morning turned out so dreadfully wet that1 after remaining for hours in a hovel at the foot of the ,galtee ,mountains1 we were forced to return home4 ,the following day we made a fresh start4 ,being sadly in want of dogs1 we took out a young pointer who had never seen a bird1 but was tolerably au fait in the initiatory lessons which ,i have described4 ,in a short time he began to hunt1--made several points in the course of the day1--and though every thing was strange to him1 7for it was the first time he had been associated in the field with other dogs1--nay1 almost the first time of his being hunted at all17 yet1 from his comprehension of the several orders that he received1 and perfect obedience1 he acquitted himself so creditably1 that he was allowed1 not only to be one of the best1 but nearly the very best broken dog of the party4 ,indeed1 the sportsmen who accompanied the owner 7for three guns shot together--a mal-arrangement attributable to accidental circumstances1 not choice7 could hardly be persuaded that the dog had not been shot over the latter end of the preceding season4 #adj4 ,i name this instance1 and ,i can vouch for its truth1 not as an example to be followed1 for it was most injudicious to have so soon taken out the youngster with companions1 but to prove to you how much you can effect by initiatory instruction2 indeed1 afterwards1 you will have little else to do than teach and confirm your dog in a judicious range1--his own sagacity and increasing experience will be his principal guides1--for1 consider how much you will have taught him4 ,page ,header3 ,,rules ,,known4 #ada4 ,he will know-- ,i4 ,that he is to pay attention to his whistle1--the whistle that you design always to use to him4 ,i mean that1 when he hears one low blast on his whistle he is to look to you for orders1 but not necessarily run towards you1 unless he is out of sight1 or you continue whistling 7#ai74 ,,ii4 ,that ,toho1 or the right arm raised nearly perpendicularly1 means that he is to stand still 7#ai to #bb74 ,,iii4 ,that ,drop1 or the left arm raised nearly perpendicularly1 or the report of a gun1 means that he is to crouch down with his head close to the ground1 between his feet1 however far off he may be ranging4 ,greater relaxation in the position may be permitted after he has been a little time shot over 7#bc to #bg74 ,,iv4 ,that ,on1 7the short word for hie on17 or the forward underhand swing of the right hand1 signifies that he is to advance in a forward direction 7the direction in which you are waving74 ,this signal is very useful4 ,it implies that you want the dog to hunt ahead of you4 ,you employ it also when you are alongside of him at his point1 and are desirous of urging him to follow up the running bird or birds1 and press to a rise4 ,if he push on too eagerly1 you restrain him by slightly raising the right hand--,,xii4 of this paragraph 7#ai to #bb74 ,v4 ,that a wave of the right arm and hand 7the arm being fully extended and well to the right7 from left to right1 means that he is to hunt to the right4 ,some men wave the left hand across the body from left to right1 as a direction to the dog to hunt to the right2 but that signal is not so apparent at a distance as the one ,i have described 7#cf74 ,,vi4 ,that a wave of the left arm from right to left 7the arm being fully extended and well to the left71 means that he is to hunt to the left 7#cf74 ,,vii4 ,that the ,beckon1 the wave of the right hand towards you1 indicates that he is to hunt towards you 7#cg74 ,see also #ga4 ,,viii4 ,that the word ,heel1 or a wave of the right hand to the rear 7the reverse of the underhand cricket-bowler's swing71 implies that he is to give up hunting1 and go directly close to your heels 7#dd74 ,,ix4 ,that ,fence means that he is not to leave the place where you are4 ,after being so checked a few times when he is endeavouring to quit the field1 he will understand the word to be an order not to break fence 7#df1 #dg74 ,x4 ,that ,find1 or ,seek1 means that he is to search for something which he will have great gratification in discovering4 ,when he is in the field he will quickly understand this to be game 7#cd1 #ce74 ,,xi4 ,that ,dead 7which it would be well to accompany with the signal to ,heel7 means that there is something not far off1 which he would have great satisfaction in finding4 ,on hearing it1 he will come to you1 and await your signals instructing him in what direction he is to hunt for it4 ,when1 by signals1 you have put him as near as you can upon the spot where you think the bird has fallen1 you will say1 ,find2 for1 until you say that word1 he ought to be more occupied in attending to your signals than in searching for the bird4 ,when you have shot a good many birds to him1 if he is within sight1 in order to work more silently1 omit saying ,dead1 only signal to him to go to ,heel 7#ai1 #cd1 #ce1 #dd74 ,,xii4 ,that ,care means that he is near that for which he is hunting4 ,this word1 used with the right hand slightly raised 7the signal for the ,toho1 only not exhibited nearly so energetically71 will soon make him comprehend that game is near him1 and that he is therefore to hunt cautiously4 ,you will use it when your young dog is racing too fast among turnips or potatoes 7#ci74 ,,xiii4 ,that ,up means that he is to sniff with his nose high in the air for that of which he is in search 7#da74 ,,xiv4 ,that ,away 7or ,gone1 or ,flown7 is an indication that the thing for which he was hunting1 and of which he smells the taint1 is no longer there4 ,this word is not to be used in the field until your young dog has gained some experience 7#de74 ,,xv4 ,that ,ware 7pronounced ,war7 is a general order to desist from whatever he may be doing4 ,no is perhaps a better word3 it can be pronounced more distinctly and energetically4 ,if the command is occasionally accompanied with the cracking of your whip1 its meaning will soon be understood 7#dg74 ,,xvi4 ,he will also know the distinction between the chiding term ,bad and the encouraging word ,good2 and1 moreover1 be sensible1 from your look and manner1 whether you are pleased or angry with him4 ,dogs1 like children1 are physiognomists 7#dj1 end of #acd74 #adb4 ,you will perceive that you are advised to use the right hand more than the left4 ,this is only because the left hand is so generally employed in carrying the gun4 ,page ,header3 ,,shepherd',s ,,dog4 #adc4 ,by often and uniformly employing the signals ,i have named1 you will find it more easy to place your pupil1 and make him hunt exactly where you wish1 than you may at first suppose4 ,in an open country the movements of sheep are entirely controlled by dogs2 and if you never have had the opportunity of observing it1 you would be no less surprised than interested at witnessing with what accuracy a shepherd1 standing on a hill side1 can1 by the motions of his hand and arm1 direct his dog to distant points in the valley below4 ,if you could see it1 you would be satisfied it was not by harsh means that he obtained such willing1 cheerful obedience4 ,his signals to the right1 left1 and inwards1 are very similar to those just described4 ,he1 however1 instructs his dog to go further ahead1 by using his hand and arm as in the action of throwing1 but keeping an open palm towards the animal 7the arm raised high73 a signal undeniably more visible at a distance than the one named in ,,iv4 of #ada1 though not generally so well suited to the sportsman4 #add4 ,you will also observe1 that when the voice is employed 7and this should be done only when the dog will not obey your signals71 ,i have recommended you to make use of but one word4 ,why should you say1 ,come to heel1 ,ware breaking fence1 ,have a care8 ,if you speak in sentences1 you may at times unconsciously vary the words of the sentence1 or the emphasis on any word2 and as it is only by the sound that you should expect a dog to be guided1 the more defined and distinct in sound the several commands are1 the better4 ,page ,header3 ,,names ,,dissimilar ,,in ,,sound4 #ade4 ,this consideration leads to the remark that1 as1 by nearly universal consent1 ,toho is the word employed to tell a dog to point1 the old rule is clearly a judicious one1 never to call him ,ponto1 ,sancho1 or by any name ending in o4 ,always1 too1 choose one that can be hallooed in a sharp1 loud1 high key4 ,you will find the advantage of this whenever you lose your dog1 and happen not to have a whistle4 ,observe1 also1 if you have several dogs1 to let their names be dissimilar in sound4 ,illustration3 ,,deaf ,,to ,,the ,,voice ,,of ,,persuasion4--,par4 #adh4 ,page ,header3 ,,drop ,,better ,,than ,,down4 #adf4 ,i have suggested your employing the word ,drop1 instead of the usual word ,down1 because it is less likely to be uttered by any one on whom the dog might jump or fawn2 for1 on principle1 ,i strongly object to any order being given which is not strictly enforced4 ,it begets in a dog1 as much as in the nobler animal who walks on two legs1 habits of inattention to words of command1 and ultimately makes greater severity necessary4 ,if ,i felt certain ,i should never wish to part with a dog ,i was instructing1 ,i should carry this principle so far as to frame a novel vocabulary1 and never use any word ,i thought he would be likely to hear from others4 ,by-the-bye1 whenever you purchase a dog1 it would be advisable to ascertain what words of command1 and what signals he has been accustomed to4 ,page ,header3 ,a ,,solicitor4 #adg4 ,the fair sex1 though possessing unbounded and most proper influence over us1 notoriously have but little control over their canine favourites4 ,this1 however1 solely arises from their seldom enforcing obedience to the orders which they give them4 #adh4 ,if a lady takes a dog out for a walk1 she keeps constantly calling to it1 lest it should go astray and be lost4 ,the result is1 that ere long1 the dog pays not the slightest attention to her1 his own sagacity telling him that he need not trouble himself to watch her1 as she will be sure to look after him4 ,but she can plead a charming authority for her weakness1--,charles ,lamb--who felt obliged to follow wherever ,dash chose to lead2 for ,dash soon found out that he might take what liberties he pleased with ,elia4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,solicitor4 #adi4 ,there is also a varying in the manner1 tone of voice1 and words of command1 which generally prevents the success of ladies in teaching a four-footed pet any tricks beyond the art of begging4 ,this feat they accomplish because they cannot well deviate from the beaten path4 ,they naturally hold the animal in a proper position while they say1 ,beg2 beg1 sir1 beg2 and do not give him the reward until he has obeyed orders more or less satisfactorily4 ,page ,header3 ,,parasol ,,exchanged ,,for ,,bun4 #aej4 ,honesty compels us to give them credit for more temper and patience than fall to the lot of the sterner sex2 and if they would but pursue one steady1 uniform1 consistent plan1 they might 7sitting in a begging attitude not being naturally an agreeable position for a dog7 quite as easily teach him to dance1--hold a pipe in his mouth1--stand up in a corner1--give the right or left paw1--shut the door1--pull the bell rope1--leap over a parasol1--or drag forth his napkin1 and spread it as a table-cloth at dinner-time1#bc c42 and1 by following the method elsewhere explained 7#if1 #ajg1 #aji17 seldom lose anything in their walks1 as their faithful companion would almost invariably be on the alert to pick up and carry to them whatever they might drop4 ,it is in this manner that dogs are sometimes made very useful assistants at cricket4 ,a golf-ball maker at ,st4 ,andrew's1 ,a----n ,r----n1 employs his dog yet more usefully--at least more profitably4 ,he has taught the animal to search the links by himself for balls1 and to take home all he finds4 ,until the introduction of the universally applied gutta percha1 the price of golf-balls was two shillings each4 ,it may1 therefore1 be easily imagined that the diligent little fellow paid liberally for his board and lodging4 ,but the trick of carrying has been made as serviceable to the dog as to his master4 #aea4 ,a cousin of one of my brother officers1 ,colonel ,a----n1 was taking a walk in the year '#di1 at ,tonbridge ,wells1 when a strange ,newfoundland made a snatch at the parasol she held loosely in her hand1 and quietly carried it off4 ,his jaunty air and wagging tail plainly told1 as he marched along1 that he was much pleased at his feat4 ,the lady civilly requested him to restore it4 ,this he declined1 but in so gracious a manner1 that she essayed1 though ineffectually1 to drag it from him4 ,she therefore laughingly1 albeit unwillingly1 was constrained to follow her property rather than abandon it altogether4 ,the dog kept ahead1 constantly looking round to see if she followed1 and was evidently greatly pleased at perceiving that she continued to favour him with her company4 ,at length1 he stepped into a confectioner's1 where the lady renewed her attempts to obtain possession of her property2 but as the ,newfoundland would not resign it1 she applied to the shopman for assistance1 who said that it was an old trick of the dog's to get a bun2 that if she would give him one1 he would immediately return the stolen goods4 ,she cheerfully did so1 and the dog as willingly made the exchange4 #aeb4 ,i'll be bound the intelligent animal was no mean observer of countenances1 and that he had satisfied himself1 by a previous scrutiny1 as to the probability of his delinquencies being forgiven4 ,page ,header3 ,,tricks ,,ably ,,performed4 #aec4 ,carrying is a pretty--occasionally1 as we see1 a useful--trick1 but it does not further any sporting object4 ,carrying and fetching are essentially different4 ,the object chiefly sought in the latter is to make the dog deliver expeditiously 7#ajg71--;in the former1 to make him carry perseveringly for miles and miles4 ,to inculcate carrying1 always make him suppose that you greatly regard what is confided to his charge4 ,many a good carrier is spoiled by children picking up any stick and giving it to him4 ,he has the sense to know that it is valueless1 and when he is tired of the fun1 he drops it unrebuked1 and1 after a time1 is supplied with another4 ,if you practise a pup in carrying a stick1 show more discretion than to let it be so long that it must jar against his teeth by trailing on the ground1 or hitting the walls4 #aed4 ,being on the subject of tricks1 as several ladies have done me the unexpected but highly appreciated honour of reading what ,i have said respecting their four-footed attendants1 ,i think it as well to observe1 should they be tempted to teach a favourite any accomplishments1 that these should be practised occasionally1 or they may be forgotten1 7all the sooner1 like more serious studies1 the more easily they were acquired27 and that the exhibition of them might be made much more effective and striking by a little exercise1 on the ladies' part1 of the address and tact with which ,dame ,nature has so liberally endowed them4 #aee4 ,quite a sensation was created many years ago1 at ,tonbridge ,wells1 by the ,hon4 ,c4 ,d----s1 who possessed a dog which had been taught by a former master1 for very unlawful purposes1 to fetch1 when ordered1 any article to which his owner had slily directed the animal's attention4 #aef4 ,the gentleman was walking up and down the crowded ,pantiles1 listening to the public band1 and playing the agreeable to a titled lady1 whom he subsequently married2 when1 bowing to some passing acquaintance1 he casually observed1 ,how badly my hat has been brushed6 at the same time giving the private signal to the dog1 who instantly ran off to one of the adjacent toy-shops1 and brought away the hat-brush which his master had pointed out to him about a quarter of an hour before4 #aeg4 ,as ,mr4 ,d----s kept his own counsel1 the lady and many of their friends1 as well as the pursuing shopman1 fancied the dog had sufficient intelligence to understand what had been said1 and had1 from his own sagacity1 volunteered fetching what he conceived was required4 #aeh4 ,the barrack-rooms at ,gibraltar used not to be furnished with bells4 ,an officer of the ,artillery1 quartered on the ,rock while ,i was there1 and1 by-the-bye1 so good a player at draughts1 that he used to aver--and his unusual skill seemed to prove the correctness of the assertion--that1 if he had the first move1 he could win to a certainty1 was accustomed to summon his servant by sending his dog for him4 ,on getting the signal1 away the ,maltese poodle would go1 not much impeded by closed doors in that hot climate1 and1 by a bark1 inform the man that he was wanted4 #aei4 ,the daily routine of a quiet bachelor's life is so unvaried in those barracks1 that the servant could generally guess what was required2 and visitors were often surprised at hearing the officer 7,major ,f----e7 say to his dog1 ,tell ,john to bring my sword and cap1 or the breakfast1 c4 and still more surprised at seeing that such orders were punctually obeyed4 ,page ,header3 ,,elephant',s ,,tricks4 #afj4 ,but for exhibiting tricks with effect doubtless my old warm-hearted friend ,k----g1 7elsewhere mentioned #dej17 bears off the palm4 ,he brought two young elephants to ,england from ,ceylon2 one he secured when it was a mere baby1 and would not quit the side of its dam after he had shot her4 ,the other was about seven feet high4 ,he had taught them several tricks before they embarked1 and during the long voyage home1 passed on deck1 they had learned many others from the sailors1 and1 when needed1 would usefully help in giving a long pull1--a strong pull1--and a pull all together4 #afa4 ,general ,b----g having spoken to the ,duchess of ,y----k about the little animals1 she happened to say she would like to possess the smallest2 of course ,k----g was too gallant a man not to send it at once to ,oatlands4 ,george the ,fourth heard of the other2 and on some of his staff mentioning that it would be acceptable to ,his ,majesty1 it went to the ,pavilion at ,brighton4 ,it was kept there until they were tired of it1 when it was transferred to the ,tower4 ,hearing of its being there1 ,k----g one morning went into the menagerie4 ,an officer of the ,guards1 on duty at the ,tower1 was at the moment seeing the animals with a party of ladies2 ,k----g was in a hurry1 and inquired where the elephant was1 saying he had come expressly to have a look at him and nothing else4 ,the officer very good-humouredly observed that it mattered not what beasts they saw first1 so the party adjourned to the elephant4 ,k----g urged the keeper to go into the den to show him off1 but the man said the animal had so recently arrived there that he was afraid4 ,k----g offered to go in4 ,the man refused leave1 stating it was more than his situation was worth to permit it4 ,k----g pressed to be allowed4 ,the officer warmly urged the keeper to comply1 as the gentleman felt so confident1 and the keeper wavering1 ,k----g1 without saying another word1 squeezed himself through the massive oak bars1 went up boldly to the elephant1 put his hand on his shoulder as he used to do in old days2 the sagacious brute at once obeyed the signal and lay down1 got up again when desired1 salaamed to the ladies1 held a foot out for ,k----g to stand on1 then raised it up to aid ,k----g in getting on his back1 and afterwards lay down to enable his old master to dismount conveniently4 ,k----g then tickled him to make him kick1 which the awkward looking beast did in a very laughable manner1 and the laugh of the spectators was not diminished by his squeezing ,k----g so close into a corner1 that he could only escape by slipping under the creature's belly4 ,k----g finished the exhibition by making him turn round1 and again salaam the company4 #afb4 ,i will not swear that ,k----g1 who has much quiet humour1 did not propose going into any other den and show off all the lions and tigers in a similar manner1 but he found1 of course unexpectedly1 on looking at his watch1 that he was obliged to hurry off instantly4 ,the delighted and bewildered keeper entreated him to reveal the secret by which such marvellous feats were performed4 ,k----g promised to do so on his return to ,london2 and he would have kept his word1 had not the poor elephant soon afterwards died in cutting his tusks4 ,so the man to this day1 for all ,i know to the contrary1 thinks my friend little less than a necromancer4 ,illustration3 ,,replete ,,with ,,good ,,things4 ,page ,header3 ,,ladies' ,,dogs ,,overfed4 #afc4 ,it is to be observed that ladies' dogs are generally so pampered and overfed that a common reward does not stimulate them to exertion in the same degree it does dogs less favoured4 ,i should speak more correctly if ,i said less fed2 for ,i am ungallant enough to fancy1 that an unpacked canine jury would consider the good health1 high spirits1 and keen appetite of the latter1 a fair set-off against the delicacies and caresses bestowed by the prettiest and most indulgent of mistresses4 ,though the collie is the shepherd's constant companion1 the shepherd well knows that always petting the dog would spoil him4 ,sir ,j----s ,m----e1 a ,highlander1 observed to his gamekeeper1 that he never saw the shepherds coaxing and caressing their collies4 ,true1 the man replied1 but you never saw one strike his dog2 he is always kind to them4 ,hear this1 ye ladies1 who would be right glad that your pretty pets were a hundred times more obedient than you find them4 ,page ,header3 ,,trout ,,tamed4 #afd4 ,there are few animals whose confidence1 if not attachment1 may not be gained by constant kindness without petting4 ,one summer's morning ,i walked from ,ross to breakfast with ,mr4 ,c----s at his picturesque old-fashioned house1 built near a small tributary to the ,wye4 ,i was specially invited to see some tame trout1 whose timidity ,mr4 ,c----s had overcome by feeding them regularly every day4 ,until he made his appearance near the waters1 not a fish was visible2 and it was very interesting to watch the perfect confidence they evinced1 ,i might add pleasure1 whenever he approached the banks4 ,he said he felt sure he could get them to feed out of his hands1 if he chose to devote sufficient time to them4 ,there was one fine fellow for whom all the rest most respectfully made way4 ,he weighed close upon #e lbs4 ,this was proved2 for a party1 whose name ,i dare not mention1 secretly caught the animal in order to weigh it1 and though he immediately replaced it in the water perfectly uninjured1 yet its old distrust was so much re-awakened that it hid itself for four or five months4 ,mr4 ,c----s naturally thought that it had been captured by some poacher1 and had met with the same unlucky fate as a former favourite1 of still larger dimensions1 which a newly-hired cook had contrived to secure whilst it was basking in the shallows2 and had served up at dinner-time1 in the full expectation of receiving much commendation for her piscatory skill4 #afe4 ,judicious perseverance1--in other words1 consistency1--will not only teach accomplishments1 but correct bad manners4 ,the oldest friend ,i possess used to allow a favourite dog to sleep in his bed-room4 ,the animal1 though he had a very short1 clean coat1 was always more or less annoyed by those nimblest of tormentors#bd to be found in most countries1 particularly in warm ones2 and there being no carpet in the room1 his scratching at night1 as you may well imagine1 made a loud1 disagreeable thumping against the boards1 which invariably awoke my friend 7a very light sleeper71 and he as invariably scolded the dog4 ,this undeviating consistency made the dog at length entirely relinquish the obnoxious practice1 until his master was fairly awake1 or at least had begun to stretch and yawn4 ,page ,header3 ,,judicious ,,perseverance4 #aff4 ,now1 ,i want you to observe1 that had the noise but only occasionally awakened my friend1 however much he might then have scolded1 the dog would not have given up the habit2 he would constantly have entertained the hope that he might endeavour to remove his tiny persecutors unreproved1 and the temptation would have outweighed the risk4 ,it would have been inconsistent to have frequently but not always checked him4 ,i know a lady1 possessing great perseverance and temper1 who has taught even cats many tricks--nay1 since the last edition of this book was printed ,i have heard of several ladies having most successfully educated dogs for the field4 ,a very pleasant girl1 ,miss ,g----h1 almost a stranger to me1 who sat next to me at a large dinner-party about a year ago1 asked me in the course of conversation whether ,i was related to the author of ,dog-,breaking1--and then greatly gratified me by saying that her sister had broken in several ,pointers for her brother1 a ,m4,f4,h4 ,she spoke of one particular #ast of ,september1 when her sister was rather nervous as a well-known keen sportsman had been invited to shoot1 and a young well-bred dog1 solely tutored by herself1 was to bear his first shot--but at dinner-time she was amply recompensed for all the trouble she had taken by having the delight of learning that her pupil had performed admirably1 and had understood and been attentive to every signal4 ,i asked how it was that the youngster was not alarmed at the report of the gun4 ,she replied that it was doubtless attributable to his perfect confidence that he should not be hurt1 as he had never undergone any punishing during the whole course of his training4 ,page ,header3 ,,win ,,affection4 #afg4 ,ladies' pets are a proof that dogs can1 as easily as children1 be effectually spoiled by injudicious kindness2 but canine nature contrasts with infant nature in this1 that no petting or spoiling will withdraw a dog's affection from the individual to whom he first becomes attached in a new home1 provided that person continues but decently civil to him4 ,and be this a caution to you4 ,if ever you have a stranger to instruct1 let no one but yourself associate with or feed him for many days after his arrival4 ,you may then feel assured of afterwards possessing his unrivalled affections1 especially if to you alone he is to be grateful for his enjoyment in the field2 and you must win his affection1 or he will not strive to his utmost to assist you4 #afh4 ,a well-known poaching character1--though ostensibly1 and by profession1 a dog-breaker1--was remarkable for the fondness immediately evinced for him by all dogs placed under his care4 ,he was not particular about his dress2 and it at length transpired that it was his custom to make up a bed1 for all new comers1 in his room1 of the clothes he had just taken off4 ,this so habituated the dogs to the scent of his person1 by night as well as by day1 that they became unwilling to quit it1 especially as the man was naturally good-tempered1 and always treated them with great kindness4 #afi4 ,captain ,parry relates of the ,esquimaux dogs1 that they are far more attached1--from kindnesses received in youth1--to the women1 than to the men2 and that1 consequently1 the latter1 in all cases of difficulty1 are obliged to apply to their wives to catch the almost woolly animals1 and coax them to draw unusually heavy loads4 ,the beloved voice of the women will control and animate the dogs to exertion1 at a time when the words of the men would be powerless1 and their blows only produce irritation or obstinacy4 ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,,first ,,lesson ,,in ,,september ,,commenced4 ,,ranging4 #agj4 ,regular ,breakers make ,dogs point paired birds in ,spring2 tends to blinking4--#aga4 ,better not to see ,game until shot over2 taken out alone on a fine day in ,september4--#agb4 ,perpetually whistling to animate dogs1 injudicious4--#agc4 ,beat largest ,fields1 and where least likely to find ,game4--#agd4 ,commence from leeward2 ,scent bad in a calm or gale2 observations on ,scent2 it differently affects ,pointers and ,setters2 see ,note4--#age to #agi4 ,instructions in ranging4--#ahj4 ,kept from hedge2 ,range greater on moors than stubble4--#aha4 ,distance between ,parallels dependent on tenderness of nose4--#ahb4 ,a point at ,partridge a hundred yards off4--#ahc4 ,at ,grouse a hundred and fifty yards off2 ,mr4 ,l----g's opinion of distance at which ,dogs wind birds4--#ahd4 ,if the ,dog is to hunt with another1 the ,parallels to be further apart4--#ahe4 ,no interruption when winding birds1 yet not allowed to puzzle2 ,nose to gain experience4--#ahf4 ,birds lie well to ,dog that winds1 not foots them4--#ahg4 ,white ,dogs most visible to birds and to you2 a disadvantage and advantage2 white ,feet often not good2 feet of ,setters better than of ,pointers4--#ahh4 ,inattentive to ,whistle1 made to drop1 c42 when rating or punishing1 the disregarded order or signal to be often repeated2 ,whip to crack loudly4--#ahi4 ,the attainment of a scientific ,range difficult1 but of surpassing value2 the best ranger must in the end find most game4 ,page ,header3 ,,breaking ,,in ,,pairing ,,season4 #agj4 ,a keeper nearly always breaks in his young dogs to point1 7or set as some term it7 if their ages permit it1 on favourable days in ,spring1 when the partridges have paired4#be ,he gets plenty of points1 and the birds lie well4 ,but ,i cannot believe it is the best way to attain great excellence1 though the plan has many followers3 it does not cultivate the intelligence of his pupils1 nor enlarge their ideas by making them sensible of the object for which such pains are taken in hunting them4 ,moreover1 their natural ardour 7a feeling that it should be his aim rather to increase than weaken7 is more or less damped by having often to stand at game1 before they can be rewarded for their exertions by having it killed to them1--it prevents1 rather than imparts1 the zeal and perseverance for which ,irish dogs are so remarkable 7#efe74 ,particularly ought a breaker1 whose pupil is of a nervous temperament1 or of too gentle a disposition1 to consider well that the want of all recompense for finding paired birds1 must make a timid dog far more likely to become a blinker1 when he is checked for not pointing them1 than when he is checked for not pointing birds1 which his own impetuosity alone deprives him of every chance of rapturously touseling4 7,see also end of #bhj47 ,the very fact that the birds lie well frequently leads to mischief2 for1 if the instructor be not very watchful1 there is a fear that his youngsters may succeed in getting too close to their game before he forces them to come to a stanch point4 ,a keeper1 however1 has but little choice1 7and it is not a bad time to teach the back17 if his master insist upon shooting over the animals the first day of the season1 and expect to find them what some call perfectly broken in4 ,but ,i trust some few of my readers may have nobler ends in view1 and that they will cheerfully sacrifice a little of their shooting the first week of the season1 to ensure super-excellence in their pupils at its close4 ,remember1 ,i do not object to spring drilling1 7vide #aca7 but to much spring pointing4 #aga4 ,i will suppose your youngster to have been well grounded in his initiatory lessons1 and that you take him out when the crops are nearly off the ground 7by which time there will be few squeakers7 on a fine cool day in ,september1 7alas6 that it cannot be an ,august day on the moors17 to show him birds for the first time4 ,as he is assumed to be highly-bred1 you may start in the confident expectation of killing partridges over him1 especially if he be a pointer4 ,have his nose moist and healthy4 ,take him out when the birds are on the feed1 and of an afternoon in preference to the morning1 7unless from an unusually dry season there be but little scent17 that he may not be attracted by the taint of hares or rabbits4 ,take him out alone1 if he evince any disposition to hunt1 which1 at the age we will presume him to have attained this season1 we must assume that he will do1 and with great zeal4 ,be much guided by his temper and character4 ,should he possess great courage and dash1 you cannot begin too soon to make him point4 ,you should always check a wild dog in racing after pigeons and small birds on their rising2 whereas you should encourage a timid dog 7one who clings to heel7 in such a fruitless but exciting chase4 ,the measures to be pursued with such an animal are fully detailed in #acb1 #acc4 ,page ,header3 ,,constant ,,low ,,whistle ,,injudicious4 #agb4 ,i may as well caution you against adopting the foolish practice of attempting to cheer on your dog with a constant low whistle1 under the mistaken idea that it will animate him to increased zeal in hunting4 ,from perpetually hearing the monotonous sound1 it would prove as little of an incentive to exertion as a continued chirrup to a horse2 and yet if habituated to it1 your dog would greatly miss it whenever hunted by a stranger4 ,not unregarded1 however1 would it be by the birds1 to whom on a calm day it would act as a very salutary warning4 #agc4 ,though you have not moors1 fortunately we can suppose your fields to be of a good size4 ,avoid all which have been recently manured4 ,select those that are large1 and in which you are the least likely to find birds until his spirits are somewhat sobered1 and he begins partly to comprehend your instructions respecting his range4 ,there is no reason why he should not have been taken out a few days before this1 not to show him birds1 but to have commenced teaching him how to traverse his ground4 ,indeed1 if we had supposed him of a sufficient age 7#acb71 he might by this time be somewhat advanced towards a systematic beat4 ,it is seeing many birds early that is to be deprecated1 not his being taught how to range4 ,page ,header3 ,,scent ,,inexplicable4 #agd4 ,be careful to enter every field at the leeward#bf side 7about the middle71 that he may have the wind to work against4 ,choose a day when there is a breeze1 but not a boisterous one4 ,in a calm1 the scent is stationary1 and can hardly be found unless accidentally4 ,in a gale it is scattered to the four quarters4#bg ,you want not an undirected ramble1 but a judicious traversing beat under your own guidance1 which shall leave no ground unexplored1 and yet have none twice explored4 ,page ,header3 ,,instructions ,,in ,,ranging4 #age4 ,suppose the form of the field1 as is usually the case1 to approach a parallelogram or square1 and that the wind blows in any direction but diagonally across it4 ,on entering at the leeward side send the dog from you by a wave of your hand or the word ,on4 ,you wish him1 while you are advancing up the middle of it1 to cross you at right angles1 say from right to left1--then to run up wind for a little1 parallel to your own direction1 and afterwards to re-cross in front of you from left to right1 and so on until the whole field is regularly hunted4 ,to effect this1 notwithstanding your previous preparatory lessons1 you will have to show him the way1 as it were 7setting him an example in your own person71 by running a few steps in the direction you wish him to go 7say to the right71 cheering him on to take the lead4 ,as he gets near the extremity of his beat1 when he does not observe you1 you can steal a small advance in the true direction of your own beat1 which is directly up the middle of the field1 meeting the wind4 ,if perceiving your advance he turns towards you1 face him1--wave your right hand to him1 and while he sees you1 run on a few paces in his direction 7that is parallel to his true direction74 ,as he approaches the hedge 7the one on your right hand1 but be careful that he does not get close to it1 lest1 from often finding game there1 he ultimately become a potterer and regular hedge-hunter7 face towards him1 and on catching his eye1 wave your left arm4 ,if you cannot succeed in catching his eye1 you must give one low whistle1--the less you habituate yourself to use the whistle1 the less you will alarm the birds1--study to do all1 as far as is practicable1 by signals4 ,you wish your wave of the left arm to make the dog turn to the left 7his head to the wind71 and that he should run parallel to the side of the hedge for some yards 7say from thirty to forty7 before he makes his second turn to the left to cross the field2 but you must expect him to turn too directly towards you on your first signal to turn4 ,should he by any rare chance have made the turn 7the first one7 correctly1 and thus be hunting up wind1 on no account interrupt him by making any signals until he has run up the distance you wish1 7the aforesaid thirty or forty yards17--then again catch his eye1 and1 as before 7not now1 however1 faced towards him and the hedge1 but faced towards your true direction71 by a wave of the left arm endeavour to make him turn to the left 7across the wind74 ,if1 contrary to what you have a right to suppose1 he will not turn towards you on your giving a whistle and wave of your hand1 stand still1 and continue whistling--eventually he will obey4 ,but you must not indulge in the faintest hope that all ,i have described will be done correctly2 be satisfied at first with an approach towards accuracy2 you will daily find an improvement1 if you persevere steadily4 ,when you see that there is but little chance of his turning the way you want1 at once use the signal more consonant to his views1 for it should be your constant endeavour to make him fancy that he is always ranging according to the directions of your hands4 ,be particular in attending to this hint4 #agf4 ,his past tuition 7#ch7 most probably will have accustomed him to watch your eye for directions1 therefore it is not likely1 even should he have made a wrong turn near the hedge 7a turn down wind instead of up wind1 which would wholly have prevented the required advance parallel to the hedge71 that he will cross in rear of you4 ,should he1 however1 do so1 retreat a few steps1 7or face about if he is far in the rear17 in order to impress him with the feeling that all his work must be performed under your eye4 ,animate him with an encouraging word as he passes4 ,when he gets near the hedge to the left1 endeavour1 by signals 7agreeably to the method just explained7 7#age71 to make him turn to the 7his7 right1 his head to the wind1 and run up alongside of it for the thirty to forty yards1 if you can manage it1 before he begins to re-cross the field1 by making a second turn to the right4 ,if you could get him to do this1 he would cross well in advance of you4 #agg4 ,though most likely his turn 7the first--the turn up wind7 will be too abrupt 7too much of an acute angle instead of the required right angle71 and that consequently1 in order to get ahead of you1 he will have to traverse the field diagonally1 yet after a few trials it is probable he will do so1 rather than not get in front of you4 ,this would be better than the former attempt 7not obliging you to face about71--express your approval1 and the next turn near the hedge may be made with a bolder sweep4 ,remember your aim is1 that no part be unhunted1 and that none once commanded by his nose be again hunted4 ,he ought to cross1 say thirty yards in front of you1 but much will depend upon his nose4 ,page ,header3 ,,to ,,watch ,,for ,,signals4 #agh4 ,nearly on every occasion of catching his eye1 except when he is running up wind parallel to the hedge1 give him some kind of signal4 ,this will more and more confirm him in the habit of looking to you1 from time to time1 for orders1 and thus aid in insuring his constant obedience4 ,after a while1 judging by the way in which your face is turned1 he will know in what direction you purpose advancing1 and will guide his own movements accordingly4 ,should he1 as most probably he will for some time1 turn too sharply towards you when getting near the hedge1 ,i mean at too acute an angle1 incline or rather face towards him4 ,this1 coupled with the natural wish to range unrestrained1 will make him hunt longer parallel to the hedge1 before he makes his second turn towards you4 #agi4 ,you may at first strive to correct your dog's turning too abruptly inwards 7the first turn71 by pushing on in your own person further ahead on your own beat2 but when he has acquired if merely the slightest idea of a correct range1 be most careful not to get in advance of the ground he is to hunt4 ,your doing so might habituate him to cross the field diagonally 7thereby leaving much of the sides of the fields unhunted71 in order to get ahead of you2 and1 moreover1 you might spring birds which you are anxious he should find4 ,should he1 on the other hand1 be inclined to work too far upward before making his turn to cross the field1 hang back in your own person4 ,page ,header3 ,,range ,,greater ,,on ,,moors4 #ahj4 ,though you may be in an unenclosed country1 let him range at first from no more than from seventy to eighty yards on each side of you4 ,you can gradually extend these lateral beats as he becomes conversant with his business--indeed1 at the commencement1 rather diminish than increase the distances just named1 both for the length of the parallels and the space between them4 ,do not allow the alluring title a fine wide ranger to tempt you to let him out of leading-strings4 ,if he be once permitted to imagine that he has a discretionary power respecting the best places to hunt1 and the direction and length of his beats1 you will find it extremely difficult to get him again well in hand4 ,on the moors his range must be far greater than on the stubbles1 but still the rudiments must be taught on this contracted scale1 or you will never get him to look to you for orders4 ,do you keep entire control over his beats2 let him have almost the sole management of his drawing upon birds1 provided he does not puzzle1 or run riot too long over an old haunt4 ,give him time1 and after a little experience his nose will tell him more surely than your judgment can1 whether he is working on the toe or heel of birds1 and1 whether he diverges from or approaches the strongest and most recent haunt1--do not flurry or hurry him1 and he will soon acquire that knowledge4 ,page ,header3 ,,powers ,,of ,,scent ,,vary4 #aha4 ,as the powers of scent vary greatly in different dogs1 the depth of their turns 7or parallels7 ought to vary also1 and it will be hereafter for you to judge what distance between the parallels it is most advantageous for your youngster ultimately to adopt in his general hunting4 ,the deeper his turns are1 of course1 the more ground you will beat within a specified time4 ,what you have to guard against is the possibility of their being so wide that birds may be passed by unnoticed4 ,i should not like to name the distance within which good cautious dogs that carry their heads high1 will wind game on a favourable day4 #ahb4 ,i was partridge-shooting the season before last with an intimate friend4 ,the air was soft and there was a good breeze4 ,we came upon a large turnip-field1 deeply trenched on account of its damp situation4 ,a white setter1 that habitually carried a lofty head1 drew for awhile1 and then came to a point4 ,we got up to her4 ,she led us across some ridges1 when her companion1 a jealous dog 7a pointer71 which had at first backed correctly1 most improperly pushed on in front1 but1 not being able to acknowledge the scent1 went off1 clearly imagining the bitch was in error4 ,she1 however1 held on1 and in beautiful style brought us direct to a covey4 ,my friend and ,i agreed that she must have been but little1 if at all1 less than one hundred yards off when she first winded the birds2 and it was clear to us that they could not have been running1 for the breeze came directly across the furrows1 and she had led us in the wind's eye4 ,we thought the point the more remarkable1 as it is generally supposed that the strong smell of turnips diminishes a dog's power of scenting birds4 ,page ,header3 ,,scent ,,one ,,hundred ,,yards4 #ahc4 ,r----t ,t----n1 a gamekeeper1 once assured me he had seen a point at grouse which were at the least one hundred and fifty yards off4 ,the dogs were on the edge of a valley--the pack on a little hillock from which direction the wind blew--an intervening wall near the top of the hillock separated them from the dogs2 and as intermediately there was no heather1 the man was satisfied that the birds had not run over the ground4 ,when ,i was talking one day to ,mr4 ,l----g1 the well-known gunmaker in the ,haymarket1 about the qualities of dogs' noses1--and from his long experience he ought to be a judge of such matters1--he told me1 before ,i had said a word respecting distances1 that he thought he had seen more than once a dog point at one hundred and fifty yards from his game4 #ahd4 ,if you design your pupil1 when broken in1 to hunt with a companion1 and wish both the dogs1 as is usual1 to cross you1 you will1 of course1 habituate him to make his sweeps 7the space between the parallels7 wider than if you had intended him to hunt without any one to share his labours4 #ahe4 ,i need hardly warn you to be careful not to interrupt him whenever he appears to be winding birds4 ,however good his nose may be by nature1 it will not gain experience and discrimination1 unless you give him a certain time to determine for himself whether he has really touched upon a faint scent of birds1 and whether they are in his front or rear1 or gone away altogether4 ,like every other faculty1 his sense of smell will improve the more it is exercised4 ,but on the other hand1 as ,i observed before1 do not let him continue puzzling with his nose close to the ground1--urge him on1--make him increase his pace1--force him to search elsewhere1 and he will gradually elevate his head1 and catching the scent of other particles1 will follow up these with a nose borne aloft1 unless he is a brute not worth a twentieth part of the pains which you think of bestowing upon him2 for1 #ahf4 ,besides the greatly decreased chance of finding them1 birds that to a certainty would become uneasy1 and make off if pursued by a dog tracking them1 will often lie well to one who finds them by the wind4 ,they are then not aware that they are discovered1 and the dog1 from the information his nose gives him1 can approach them either boldly or with great wariness1 according as he perceives them to be more or less shy4 ,page ,header3 ,,find ,,by ,,wind4--,,white ,,dogs4 #ahg4 ,it is rather foreign to our immediate subject1 but ,i will here observe1 that it is generally thought white dogs cannot approach shy birds#bh as closely as dogs of a dark colour can 7#ic72 but there is a set-off to this supposed disadvantage in your being able to distinguish the light ones more readily at a distance1--a matter of some moment on heather4 ,if you have not your eye on a steady brown setter at the moment he drops on grouse1 you may spend half an hour most vexatiously in searching for him4 ,when you expect to find the birds wild1 should your kennel allow you the choice1 you ought to take out those of a sombre hue4 ,light coloured dogs have not generally such well-shaped feet as their darker brethren4 ,it is curious that white feet in dogs as well as in horses should often be objectionable4 ,as a rule1 setters have harder1 tougher feet than pointers4 ,this is very apparent in a flinty country or in frosty weather1 and is partly attributable to their being better defended with hair round the ball1 and between the toes4 #ahh4 ,if1 being unable to catch the dog's eye1 you are forced to use the whistle frequently1 and he continues inattentive to it1 notwithstanding his previous tuition1 stand still1--make him lie down 7by the word drop1 if he will not obey your raised left arm7--go up to him1--take hold of his collar1 and rate him1 saying1 ,bad1 bad1 cracking your whip over him 7let the whip be one that will crack loudly1 not for present purposes1 but that1 when occasion requires1 he may hear it at a distance7 and whistling softly4 ,this will show him 7should you beat him1 you would confuse his ideas7 that he is chidden for not paying attention to the whistle4 ,indeed1 whenever you have occasion to scold or punish him1 make it a constant rule1 while you rate him1 to repeat many times the word of command1 or the signal which he has neglected to obey4 ,there is no other way by which you will make him understand you quickly4 ,page ,header3 ,,systematic ,,range4 #ahi4 ,you must expect that your young dog will for some time make sad mistakes in his range2--but be not discouraged4 ,doubtless there is no one thing1--,i was going to say1 that there are no dozen things1--in the whole art of dog-breaking1 which are so difficult to attain1 or which exact so much labour1 as a high1 well-confirmed1 systematic range4 ,nature will not assist you3--you must do it all yourself2 but in recompense there is nothing so advantageous when it is at length acquired4 ,it will abundantly repay months of persevering exertion4 ,it constitutes the grand criterion of true excellence4 ,its attainment makes a dog of inferior nose and action far superior to one of much greater natural qualifications who may be tomfooling about1 galloping backwards and forwards sometimes over identically the same ground1 quite uselessly exerting his travelling powers2 now and then1 indeed1 arrested by the suspicion of a haunt1 which he is not experienced enough1 or sufficiently taught1 to turn to good account1--and occasionally brought to a stiff point on birds accidentally found right under his nose4 ,it is undeniable1 cteris paribus1 that the dog who hunts his ground most according to rule must in the end find most game4 ,,chapter ,,vii4 ,,first ,,lessons ,,in ,,september ,,continued4 ,,caution4--,,nature',s ,,mysterious ,,influences4 #aij4 ,dog to be hunted alone4--#aia4 ,many ,breakers exactly reverse this2 it expedites an inferior education1 but retards a superior4--#aib4 ,turnips1 ,potatoes1 c41 avoided4 ,range of ,dogs broken on moors most true4--#aic4 ,in ,turnips1 c41 young ,dogs get too close to birds4--#aid4 ,cautious ,dogs may with advantage be as fast as wild ones2 the two contrasted2 in ,note1 injudiciousness of teaching ,a ,puppy to point ,chickens4--#aie4 ,instance of a ,dog's running to heel1 but not blinking1 on finding himself close to birds4--#aif4 ,a ,dog's ,nose cannot be improved1 but his caution can1 which is nearly tantamount2 how effected4--#aig4 ,how to make fast ,dogs cautious4--#aih4 ,the cause why wild ,dogs ultimately turn out best4--#aii4 ,dog tumbling over and pointing on his ,back4--#bjj4 ,dog pointing on top of high-log ,fence at quail in tree2 in ,note1 ,militia ,regiment that sought safety by taking to ,trees4--#bja4 ,the day's ,beat commenced from leeward4--#bjb4 ,wondrous ,dogs1 which find ,game without hunting4--#bjc4 ,colonel ,t----y's opinion4--#bjd to #bji4 ,his dog ,grouse1 that walked up direct to her ,game4--#baj4 ,grouse's portrait4--#baa to #bac4 ,probable solution of ,grouse's feat2 in ,note1 why high nose finds most game4--#bad4 ,reason why ,dogs should be instructed separately1 and allowed ,time to work out a ,scent2 young dogs generally too much hurried4--#bae4 ,mysterious ,influences4--#baf4 ,retriever that runs direct to hidden object4--#bag4 ,not done by nose4--#bah4 ,newfoundland that always swam back to his own ,ship4--#bai4 ,another that did the same4--#bbj4 ,now belongs to the ,duke of ,n----k4--#bba4 ,cats and ,dogs carried off in baskets1 finding their way back2 ,nature's ,mysteries inexplicable4 ,in ,note1 instance of extraordinary memory in a ,horse4 #aij4 ,if it is your fixed determination to confirm your dog in the truly-killing range described in the last ,chapter1 do not associate him for months in the field with another dog1 however highly broken4 ,it would be far better to devote but two hours per diem to your pupil exclusively1 than to hunt him the whole day with a companion4 ,page ,header3 ,,old ,,dog ,,leader4 #aia4 ,many breakers do exactly the reverse of this4 ,they take out an old steady ranger1 with the intention that he shall lead the young dog1 and that the latter1 from imitation and habit1 shall learn how to quarter his ground4 ,but what he gains by imitation will so little improve his intellects1 that1 when thrown upon his own resources1 he will prove a miserable finder4 ,on a hot1 dry day he will not be able to make out a feather1 nor on any day to foot a delicate scent4 ,i grant that the plan expedites matters1 and attains the end which most professional trainers seek2 but it will not give a dog self-confidence and independence1 it will not impart to him an inquiring nose1 and make him rely on its sensitiveness to discover game1 rather than to his quickness of eye to detect when his friend touches upon a haunt2 nor will it instruct him to look from time to time towards the gun for directions4 ,it may teach him a range1 but not to hunt where he is ordered2 nor will it habituate him to vary the breadth of the parallels on which he works1 according as his master may judge it to be a good or bad scenting day4 ,page ,header3 ,,range ,,easiest ,,taught ,,on ,,moors4 #aib4 ,to establish the rare1 noble beat ,i am recommending1--one not hereafter to be deranged by the temptation of a furrow in turnips or potatoes1--you must have the philosophy not to hunt your dog in them until he is accustomed in his range to be guided entirely by the wind and your signals1 and is in no way influenced by the nature of the ground4 ,even then it would be better not to beat narrow strips across which it would be impossible for him to make his regular casts4 ,avoid1 too1 for some time1 if you can1 all small fields 7which will only contract his range71 and all fields with trenches or furrows1 for he will but too naturally follow them instead of paying attention to his true beat4 ,have you never1 in low lands1 seen a young dog running down a potato or turnip trench1 out of which his master1 after much labour1 had no sooner extracted him than he dropped into the adjacent one8 ,it is the absence of artificial tracks which makes the range of nearly all dogs well broken on the moors so much truer than that of dogs hunted on cultivated lands4 #aic4 ,moreover1 in turnips1 potatoes1 clover1 and the like thick shelter1 birds will generally permit a dog to approach so closely1 that if he is much accustomed to hunt such places1 he will be sure to acquire the evil habit of pressing too near his game when finding on the stubbles 7instead of being startled as it were into an instantaneous stop the moment he first winds game71 and thus raise many a bird out of gun-shot that a cautious dog1--one who slackens his pace the instant he judges that he is beating a likely spot1--would not have alarmed4 ,page ,header3 ,,searching ,,nose4 #aid4 ,a cautious dog6 ,can there well be a more flattering epithet8#bi ,such a dog can hardly travel too fast#cj in a tolerably open country1 where there is not a superabundance of game1 if he really hunt with an inquiring nose2--but to his master what an all-important if is this6 ,it marks the difference between the sagacious1 wary1 patient1 yet diligent animal1 whose every sense and every faculty is absorbed in his endeavour to make out birds1 not for himself but for the gun1 and the wild harum-scarum who blunders up three-fourths of the birds he finds4 ,no6 not finds1 but frightens1--for he is not aware of their presence until they are on the wing1 and seldom points unless he gets some heedless bird right under his nose1 when an ignoramus1 in admiration of the beauty of the dog's sudden attitude1 will often forget the mischief which he has done4 #aie4 ,nature gives this caution to some dogs at an early age4 ,a clergyman of my acquaintance1 ,mr4 ,g4 ,m----t1 a keen sportsman in his younger days1 told me that when he was partridge-shooting once in ,essex1 a favourite pointer of his1 that was ranging at a rapid pace alongside a thick hedge1 coming suddenly upon an opening where there should have been a gate1 instantly wheeled round and ran to heel1 and then commenced carefully advancing with a stiffened stern towards the gap2 and so led his master up to live birds which were lying close to it1 but on the further side4 ,evidently the cautious dog1--for he was no blinker1--on so unexpectedly finding himself in such close vicinity to the covey1 must have fancied that his presence would alarm them1 however motionless he might remain4 #aif4 ,though you cannot improve a dog's nose1 you can do what is really tantamount to it--you can increase his caution4 ,by watching for the slightest token of his feathering1 and then calling out ,toho1 or making the signal1 you will gradually teach him to look out for the faintest indication of a scent1 and point the instant he winds it1 instead of heedlessly hunting on until he meets a more exciting effluvia4 7,see #bei to #bfa1 also #cbi47 ,if from a want of animation in his manner you are not able to judge of the moment when he first winds game1 and therefore are unable to call out ,toho until he gets close to birds1 quietly pull him back from his point dead to leeward for some paces1 and there make him resume his point4 ,perseverance in this plan will ultimately effect your wishes1 unless his nose be radically wrong4 ,a dog's pointing too near his game more frequently arises from want of caution1--in other words1 from want of good instruction1--than from a defective nose4 ,page ,header3 ,,caution ,,taught4 #aig4 ,slow dogs readily acquire this caution2 but fast dogs cannot be taught it without great labour4 ,you have to show them the necessity of diminishing their pace1 that their noses may have fair play4 ,if you have such a pupil to instruct1 when you get near birds you have marked down1 signal to him to come to heel4 ,whisper to him ,care1 and let him see by your light1 slow tread your anxiety not to alarm the game4 ,if he has never shown any symptoms of blinking1 you may1 a few times1 thus spring the birds yourself while you keep him close to you4 ,on the next occasion of marking down birds1 or coming to a very likely spot1 bring him into heel1 and after an impressive injunction to take care1 give him two or three very limited casts to the right or left1 and let him find the game while you instruct him as described in #cbi4 ,as there will be no fear of such a dog making false points1 take him often to the fields where he has most frequently met birds4 ,the expectation of again coming on them1 and the recollection of the lectures he there received1 will be likely to make him cautious on entering it4 ,i remember a particular spot in a certain field that early in the season constantly held birds4 ,a young dog ,i then possessed never approached it afterwards without drawing upon it most carefully1 though he had not found there for months4 ,at first ,i had some difficulty in preventing the draw from becoming a point4 #aih4 ,i have elsewhere observed that fast dogs1 which give most trouble in breaking1 usually turn out best4 ,now if you think for a moment you will see the reason plainly4 ,a young dog does not ultimately become first-rate because he is wild and headstrong1 and regardless of orders1 but because his speed and disobedience arise from his great energies1--from his fondness for the sport2 from his longing to inhale the exhilarating scent and pursue the flying game4 ,it is the possession of these qualities that makes him1 in his anxious state of excitement1 blind to your signals and deaf to your calls4 ,these obviously are qualities that1 under good management1#ca lead to great excellence and superiority1--that make one dog do the work of two4 ,but they are not qualities sought for by an idle or incompetent breaker4 ,he would prefer the kind of dog mentioned in #bhj1 and boast much of the ability he had displayed in training him4 ,these valuable qualities in the fast dog1 must1 however1 be accompanied by a searching nose4 ,it is not enough that a dog be always apparently hunting1 that is to say1 always on the gallop--his nose should always be hunting4 ,when this is the case 7and you may be pretty certain it is if1 as he crosses the breeze1 his nose has intuitively a bearing to windward71 you need not fear that he will travel too fast1 or not repay you ultimately for the great extra trouble caused by his high spirits and ardour for the sport4 ,page ,header3 ,,cautious ,,dogs4 #aii4 ,the ,rev4 ,mr4 ,m----t 7spoken of in #aie7 had one of these valuable1 fast1 but cautious dogs4 ,the dog1 in leaping over a stile that led from an orchard and crowned a steep bank1 accidentally tumbled head over heels4 ,he rolled to the bottom of the bank1 and there remained motionless on his back4 ,mr4 ,m----t went up in great distress1 fancying his favourite must have been seriously injured4 ,however1 on his approaching the dog1 up sprung some partridges1 which1 it appears1 the careful animal must have winded1 and fearing to disturb1 would not move a muscle of his body1 for happily he was in no way hurt by the fall4 ,illustration3 ,he rolled to the bottom of the bank1 and there lay motionless on his back4 ,par4 #aii ,page ,header3 ,,quails ,,treeing4 #bjj4 ,i was shooting in the upper provinces of ,canada over a young dog1 who suddenly checked himself and came to a stiff set on the top of a high zigzag log fence4 ,i could not believe that he was cunning enough to do this for the purpose of deceiving me1 because ,i was rating him for quitting the field before me2 and yet why should he be pointing in mid-air as rigidly as if carved in stone8 ,on my going up the enigma was solved1 by a bevy of quail flying out of a neighbouring tree4#cb ,it is said they often take to them in ,america3 but this was the only instance ,i ever saw4 ,but we will now hark back to your pup1 which1 for your sake1 ,i wish may turn out as cautious a dog4 #bja4 ,you have been recommended invariably to enter every field by the leeward side4 ,this you can generally accomplish with ease1 if you commence your day's beat to leeward4 ,should circumstances oblige you to enter a field on the windward side1 make it a rule1 as long as your dog continues a youngster1 to call him to heel1 and walk down the field with him until you get to the opposite side 7the leeward71--then hunt him regularly up to windward4 #bjb4 ,i have read wondrous accounts of dogs1 who1 without giving themselves the trouble of quartering their ground1 would walk straight up to the birds if there were any in the field4 ,it has never been my luck1 ,i do not say to have possessed such marvellous animals1 but even to have been favoured with a sight of them4 ,i therefore am inclined to think that1 let your means be what they may1 you would find it better not to advertise for creatures undoubtedly most rare1 but to act upon the common belief that1 as the scent of birds1 more or less1 impregnates the air1 no dog1 let his nose be ever so fine1 can1 except accidentally1 wind game unless he seek for the taint in the air1--and that the dog who regularly crosses the wind must have a better chance of finding it1 than he who only works up wind1--and that down wind he can have little other chance than by roading4 ,page ,header3 ,,grouse4--,,col4 ,t----,y',s ,,bitch4 #bjc4 ,thus had ,i written1 for such was my opinion1 but ,colonel ,t----y1 mentioned in #ii1 having seen the preceding paragraph1 in the first edition1 spoke to me on the subject1 and1 as he thinks such a dog occasionally may be found1 and gave good reasons for so believing1 ,i begged him to commit the singular facts to paper2 for ,i felt it a kind of duty to give my readers the most accurate information in my power on a matter of such interest4 ,he writes3-- #bjd4 ,i should like to show you the portrait of a favourite old pointer of mine1 who certainly had the gift of walking up straight to her birds without1 apparently1 taking the trouble of looking for them1 and about which ,i see you are naturally somewhat sceptical4 ,it was in this wise3-- #bje4 ,i had gone down into ,wales1 with my ,norfolk pointers1 in order to commit great slaughter upon some packs of grouse frequenting the moors belonging to my brother-in-law2 my dogs1 ,i think1 were fair average ones1 but the three did not find so many birds1 ,i was going to say1 in a week as old ',grouse' 7the pointer alluded to7 did in a day4 ,she had been1 previous to my arrival1 a sort of hanger-on about the stables1--gaining a scanty subsistence by foraging near the house1--until she was four years old1 without ever having been taken to the adjoining moor1 at least1 in a regular way4 ,illustration3 ,,safely ,,moored ',,stem' ,,and ',,stern4' ,page #aai1 ,note4 #bjf4 ,one morning as ,i was riding up to the moor she followed me2 happening to cast my eyes to the right ,i saw her pointing very steadily in a batch of heather not far from a young plantation4 ,i rode up1 and a pack of grouse rose within twenty yards4 ,this induced me to pay more attention to my four-footed companion2 and the result was1 that in a week's time the ,norfolk pointers were shut up in the kennel1 and the neglected ',grouse' became my constant associate4 ,a more eccentric animal1 however1 cannot well be conceived4 ,she hunted just what ground she liked--paid no attention whatever to call or whistle--would have broken the hearts of a dozen ,norfolk keepers1 by the desperate manner in which she set all rules for quartering at defiance1--but she found game with wonderful quickness1 and in an extraordinary manner4 ,she seemed1 in fact1 to have the power of going direct to where birds lay1 without taking the preliminary trouble of searching for them2 and1 when the packs of grouse were wild1 ,i have seen her constantly leave her point1 make a wide circuit1 and come up in such direction as to get them between herself and me4 ,she was1 in every way1 a most singular creature4 ,no one did she regard as her master3--no one would she obey4 ,she showed as little pleasure when birds fell1 as disappointment when they flew away2 but continued her odd1 eccentric movements until she became tired or birds scarce1 and then quietly trotted home1 totally regardless of my softest blandishments or my fiercest execrations4 #bjh4 ,she was beautifully-shaped1 with round well-formed feet1 her forehead prominent1 and her nostrils expanded more1 ,i think1 than ,i ever saw in any dog4 #bji4 ,i bred from her1 but her offspring were not worth their salt1 although their father was a good dog1 and had seen some service in ,norfolk turnips4 #baj4 ,as a horse-dealer once said to me1 ,i'd ride many a mile1 and pay my own pikes1 to see such an animal2 but1 ,grouse1 being1 unhappily1 no longer in the land of the living1 ,i was forced to content myself with merely looking at her portrait4 ,this1 however1 afforded me much pleasure2 ,i therefore obtained the owner's permission to have it engraved4 ,he says that she always much arched her loins when at a point close to game1 and that the artist has most happily hit off her attitude4 ,she is the darker dog of the two1 and stands1 as soldiers say1 on the proper left4 ,her companion1 ,juno1 was far from a bad bitch4 ,page ,header3 ,,grouse',s ,,feat ,,explained4 #baa4 ,might not this singular feat of ,grouse's be thus explained8-- #bab4 ,the longer the time that has elapsed since the emission of particles of scent1 the more feeble is that scent1 on account of the greater dispersion of the said particles2 but1 from the greater space#cc they then occupy1 a dog would necessarily have a greater chance of meeting some of them1 though1 possibly1 his nose might not be fine enough to detect them4 #bac4 ,now1 my idea is1 that ,grouse's exquisite sense of smell made her often imagine the possible vicinity of game from the very faintest indications1--that her sagacity led her not to abandon hastily such tokens1 however feeble1 but rather to seek patiently for a confirmation or disproval of her surmises1--that these fancies of hers often ending in disappointment1 her manner did not exhibit any excitement that could have induced a spectator to guess what was passing in her mind1--that he1 therefore1 noticed nothing unusual until after the removal of her hesitation and doubts1 when he observed her walking calmly direct up to her birds1--and that he thus was led to regard as an unexplained faculty what really ought to have been considered as simply an evidence of extreme sensitiveness of nose combined with marvellous caution1--a caution it is the great aim of good breaking to inculcate4 ,if ,i am right in my theory1 extraordinary finder as ,grouse was1 she would have been yet more successful had she been taught to range properly4 ,illustration3 ,stiff by the tainted gale with open nose1 ,outstretched and finely sensible4--,,thomson',s ,,seasons4 ,par4 #baj4 #bad4 ,it is heedlessness1--the exact opposite of this extreme caution1--that makes young dogs so often disregard and overrun a slight scent2 and since they are more inclined to commit this error from the rivalry of companionship1 an additional argument is presented in favour of breaking them separately1 and giving them their own time1 quietly and methodically1 to work out a scent1 provided the nose be carried high4 ,i am satisfied most of us hurry young dogs too much4 ,observe the result of patience and care1 as exhibited in the person of the old ,dropper1 noticed in #bbh4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,dog-,,fish4--,par4 #bah4 #bae4 ,but1 doubtless1 there are mysterious influences and instincts of which the wisest of us know but little4 ,page ,header3 ,,hon4 ,f4 ,c----,h',s ,,retriever4 #baf4 ,an old brother officer of mine1 the ,hon4 ,f4 ,c----h1 has a very handsome black retriever that possesses the extraordinary gift of being able to run direct to any game1 or even glove1 you may leave behind you1 however tortuous may be your subsequent path4 ,c----h told me that he has1 in the presence of keepers1 frequently dropped a rabbit within sight of the dog1 and then walked in a circle1 or rather semicircle1 to the other side of a low hill--a distance1 possibly1 of nearly a mile--before he desired the dog to fetch it2 yet1 on receiving the order1 the animal invariably set off in an undeviating line straight to the rabbit1 unless his attention had been drawn away by playing with other dogs--a license ,c----h sometimes designedly allowed4 ,the retriever would then shuffle about a little before he went off1 but when he started it would be in as direct a line to the object as usual4 #bag4 ,no one could explain by what sense or faculty he performed this feat4 ,it appears not to have been by the aid of his olfactory powers1 for ,c----h 7who is a keen sportsman1 and capital shot1 by-the-bye7 would often purposely manage that the dog1 when he was desired to fetch the object1 should be immediately to windward of it2 and in the most unfavourable position1 therefore1 for deriving any advantage from the exercise of his nasal organs4 #bah4 ,capt4 ,g----g1 ,r4,n4 mentioned to me1 that a ship1 in which he had served many years ago in the ,mediterranean1 seldom entered a port that the large ,newfoundland belonging to her did not jump overboard the instant the anchor was dropped1 swim ashore1 and return1 after an hour or two's lark1 direct to his own ship1 though she might be riding in a crowd of vessels4 ,he would then bark1 anxiously1 until the bight of a rope was hove to him4 ,into this he would contrive to get his fore-legs1 and1 on his seizing it firmly with his teeth1 the sailors1 who were much attached to him1 would hoist him on board4 #bai4 ,mr4 ,w----b1 of ,s----a1 had a young ,newfoundland that from very puppyhood took fearlessly to water1 but acquired as he grew up such wandering propensities on land1 that his master determined to part with him1 and accordingly made him a present to his friend ,lieut4 ,p----d1 ,r4,n4 then in command of ,h4,m4 ,cutter ,cameleon4 ,triton1 however1 was so attached to his old roving habits1 that whenever the cutter went into port he would invariably swim ashore of his own accord1 and remain away for several days1 always managing1 however1 to return on board before the anchor was weighed4 ,such1 too1 was his intelligence that he never seemed puzzled how to pick out his own vessel from amidst forty or fifty others4 ,indeed1 ,lieut4 ,p----d1 7he lately commanded the ,vulcan17 to whom the question1 at my request1 was expressly put1 believes1 7and he has courteously permitted me to quote his name and words17 that1 on one occasion1 ,triton contrived to find his own vessel from among nearly a hundred that were riding at anchor in ,poole harbour4 ,the dog's being ever so well acquainted with the interior of the craft does not explain why he should be familiar with her external appearance4 ,did he judge most by the hull or the rigging8 #bbj4 ,the ,duke of ,n----k so much admired the magnificent style in which ,triton would spring into the strongest sea1 that ,lieut4 ,p----d gave the fine animal to his ,grace1 who1 for all ,i know to the contrary1 still possesses him4 ,page ,header3 ,,instinct4 #bba4 ,who can account for the mode in which a dog or cat1 carried a long journey from home1 in a covered basket1 instinctively1 finds its way back8--yet1 numerous are the well authenticated instances of such occurrences4#cd ,but1 enough of this1--fortunately ,i have not undertaken to attempt an elucidation of any of ,nature's many mysteries1 but simply to show how some of the faculties she has bestowed upon the canine race may easily be made conducive to our amusements4 ,,chapter ,,viii4 ,,first ,,lesson ,,in ,,september ,,continued4 ,,cunning ,,of ,,age4--,,range ,,of ,,from ,,two ,,to ,,six ,,dogs4 #bbb4 ,your dog not to break fence2 how taught2 birds often sprung while you are scrambling over hedge4--#bbc4 ,turning one's back upon a dog to bring him away2 stooping down1 c4 to make him hunt close4--#bbd4 ,dog1 when fatigued1 not to be hunted2 leads to false points4--#bbe4 ,sent home1 brushed1 and allowed a warm berth2 not to follow all day at heel4--#bbf4 ,instance of longevity and vigour2 flapper shooting4--#bbg4 ,value of good old dogs4--#bbh4 ,exemplified in an old dropper on the moors4--#bbi4 ,young dogs get thrown out2 cunning of old birds exemplified in a ,grouse4--#bcj4 ,annual fall of underwood in ,kent4--#bca4 ,mr4 ,k----g1 good fisherman2 in ,note1 anecdote of voracity of pike4 ,wheatley's ,rod and ,line4--#bcb4 ,extraordinary chase after a wounded pheasant4--#bcc4 ,singular appearance of the pheasant on its capture4--#bcd4 ,description of the ,spaniel ,dash4--#bce4 ,evil of fetching1 not having been taught in youth exemplified4--#bcf4 ,another instance of the cunning of an old ,pheasant4 ,in ,note1 how to choose and tell age of ,pheasants4--#bcg4 ,the last ,duke of ,gordon2 his black setters2 his shooting over old dogs4--#bch to #bdj4--;,beat of two dogs2 how regulated4--#bda4 ,whatever number be hunted1 all should look to the gun for orders2 ,mr4 ,herbert's opinion in his ,field ,sports in ,united ,states4--#bdb1 #bdc4 ,beat of three dogs4--#bdd4 ,of four dogs4--#bde to #bdg4 ,of five or six dogs4--#bdh4 ,great precision impracticable1 but the necessity of a system maintained2 ,system particularly essential where game is scarce2 dogs to be brigaded not employed as a pack4--#bdi4 ,when each keeper hunts a brace4--#bej4 ,major ,b----d's highly broken pointers4--#bea1 #beb4 ,his making six alternately road2 their running riot when ordered4--#bec4 ,not a good shot1 which shows excellence in shooting not to be essential in a breaker4--#bed4 ,a brigade of fine rangers worth from fifty to sixty guineas a brace4--#bee4 ,bad rangers afford some sport where game is plentiful2 ,captain ,r----s' dogs on ,quail4--#bef4 ,fastest walkers do not necessarily beat most country4--#beg4 ,nor do always the fastest dogs4--#beh4 ,how slow dogs may hunt more ground than faster4 ,page ,header3 ,,breaking ,,fence4 #bbb4 ,of course1 you will not let your pupil break fence1 or get out of your sight4 ,if he be a small1 active pointer or setter he may be out of sight before you are aware of it4 ,be on the watch to whistle or call out ,fence1 the instant you perceive that he is thinking of quitting the field4 ,do not wait until he is over2 check him by anticipating his intentions4 ,should he1 unperceived1 or in defiance of your orders1 get into a field before you1 call him back 7by the same opening1 if practicable1 through which he passed1 the more clearly to show him his folly72 and do not proceed further until he has obeyed you4 ,a steady adherence to this rule will soon convince him of the inutility of not exercising more patience1 or at least forbearance2 then signal to him away in the direction you choose1 not in the direction he chooses4 ,it is essential that you should be the first over every fence4 ,in the scramble1 birds1 at which you ought to have a shot1 are frequently sprung4 ,if he is not obedient to your orders make him drop1 and rate him as described in #ahh4 #bbc4 ,a dog from his own observation so much feels1--and in a greater or less degree1 according to his education1--the necessity of watching in what direction you are walking1 that if he is habituated to work under your eye1--,i mean1 is never allowed to hunt behind you1--by turning your back upon him when he is paying no attention to your signals1 you will often be able to bring him away from a spot where he is ranging 7perhaps down wind7 against your wishes1 at a time when you are afraid to whistle1 lest you should alarm the birds4 ,waving your hand backwards and forwards near the ground1 and stooping low while walking slowly about1 as if in search of something1 will often attract the attention of an ill-taught self-willed dog2 and his anxiety to participate in the find1 and share the sport which he imagines you expect1 will frequently induce him to run up1 and hunt alongside of you for any close lying bird4 ,illustration3 ,small1 active ,pointer4--,par4 #bbb4 ,page ,header3 ,,tired ,,dogs4 #bbd4 ,never be induced to hunt your young dog1 7nor indeed1 any dog71 when he is tired4 ,if you do1 you will give him a slovenly carriage and habits1 and lessen his zeal for the sport4 ,in order to come in for a sniff1 at a time when he is too fatigued to search for it himself1 he will crawl after his companion1 watching for any indication of his finding4 ,as they become wearied you will have a difficulty in keeping your old well broken dogs separate--much more young ones1 however independently they may have ranged when fresh4 ,you may also1 to a certainty1 expect false points2 but what is of far more consequence1 by frequently overtasking your young dog1 you will as effectually waste his constitution as you would your horse's by premature work4 #bbe4 ,if he is very young when first entered1 two or three hours' work at a time will be sufficient4 ,when he is tired1 or rather before he is tired1 send him home with the man who brings you a relief4 ,do not fancy your dog will be getting a rest if he be allowed to follow at your heels for the remainder of the day1 coupled to a companion4 ,his fretting at not being allowed to share in the sport he sees1 will take nearly as much out of him as if you permitted him to hunt4 ,if you can persuade ,john always to rub him down1 and brush and dry him--nay even to let him enjoy an hour's basking in front of the fire--before he shuts him up in the kennel1 you will add years to his existence2 and remember that one old experienced dog1 whose constitution is uninjured1 is worth two young ones4 ,page ,header3 ,,vigour ,,in ,,old ,,age4 #bbf4 ,a gentleman in ,eyrecourt1 ,county ,galway1 gave me1 as a valuable present1 a black setter thirteen years of age4 ,and most valuable was the setter to my friend1 who had carefully reared him from a puppy1 and had him well under command2 but with me he was so wild1--,i make use of the term most advisedly1--that he did me more harm than good the only season ,i shot over him4 ,he was stolen from me1 and his teeth were so sound1 and he bore so little the appearance of age1 that ,i have no doubt he was sold as a tolerably young dog4 ,he was the best specimen ,i ever saw of the vigour that may be retained for old age by judicious treatment in youth4 ,the excellence of his constitution was the more remarkable1 from the fact of his having always been extremely fond of the water4 ,few dogs could equal him for flapper shooting1 that vilest of sports1 if followed before the unfortunate birds get strong on the wing--as unprofitable1 too1 for the table1 as unsatisfactory to the real sportsman4 ,sir ,j----s ,m----e1 of ,perthshire1 told me that he had shot grouse over an ,oxfordshire pointer bitch 7the best he ever possessed and the founder of his kennel-stock7 until she was eighteen years of age1 when she could do no more than crawl up the side of a hill1 occasionally1 to gain time1 making false points4 ,once1 however1 on the top1 she would work merrily downwards1--no false points then4 #bbg4 ,but canine veterans1 of however invalided a constitution1 if they have been really first-rate in their youth1 are not always to be despised4 ,occasionally you may come across one who will1 from his past experience and superior nose1 prove a more valuable auxiliary in the field1 than many a campaigner of greater activity and vigour4 #bbh4 ,many years ago ,i went from the south of ,england for some grouse-shooting in ,scotland4 ,when arranging with my companion 7,captain ,s----s1 a connexion of the kind-hearted old warrior1 whose crowning victory was ,goojerat17 what dogs should accompany us1 he remarked1 that it would be useless to take his old ,dropper 7one far more resembling a pointer than a setter71 as he was too aged to undergo any work4 ,i observed1 that he could do us no harm if he did us no good2 and1 as he had been an admirable animal1 ,i advised his being taken4 ,off he went to the ,north2 and frequently did we afterwards congratulate ourselves upon this decision1 for the old fellow1 apparently grateful for the compliment seemed to feel that he ought to make us some return1 and that the less ground he could traverse with his legs the more he was bound to traverse with his nose4 ,the result was1 that while he was slowly pottering about1 7the season being unusually hot and dry1 there was but little scent7 he was constantly finding us birds which his more flashy companions had passed over2 and before we left ,scotland we agreed that none of our dogs had procured us so many shots as the slow1 careful old gentleman4 #bbi4 ,old birds become very cunning2 they are quite sensible of the danger they incur by rising1 and to escape from the dog1 and puzzle him1 have as many wiles and twists as a hunted hare4 ,it may be that as old age advances1 their decreasing bodily powers warn them to add to their security by the exercise of their wits4 ,it is often remarked1 that if ever we kill any of their natural enemies1 whether winged or four-footed1 we are sure to find them in fair condition4 ,this condition makes it obvious1 that they must have gained with years the experience which enables them to obtain a good livelihood by craft1 at a time of life when their failing strength would prevent their procuring a single meal by a direct pursuit4#ce ,if then we argue from analogy1 we shall think it almost impossible for any unpractised dog1 however highly-bred1 to procure us so many shots as one who has been hunted for several seasons4 ,and such is really the case4 ,a young dog will not keep to the trail of an old bird for more than about forty yards2 after that he will give it up altogether1 or rush in4 ,it is when he is roading one of these knowing aged patriarchs1 that you become aware of the great value of experience in a dog4 ,you may have seen a young one bewildered in the devious intricacies of the broken hags1 sought as a refuge by an old cock-grouse1 and have probably imagined that the youngster had only been following a recent haunt1 and that the game was gone4 ,not so1 the dog was right at first4 ,he footed it out admirably until he came to the dark bush1 which you must have wondered to see growing in such a situation2 there the sly bird doubled1 then turned short to the right for nearly a hundred yards before it resumed its course down wind4 ,a dog more up to his work would have again hit off the scent1 and an old stager1 probably1 never have lost it4 ,page ,header3 ,,falls ,,of ,,underwood4 #bcj4 ,in order to be generally understood1 ,i will preface the following anecdote by mentioning that in the large ,kentish woods1 where the annual falls of underwood take place to the extent of forty or fifty acres1 it is usual to drain the land by digging water-courses1 or as they are commonly called1 ,grips4 ,the first year's growth of the underwood is called yearling ,fall 7or ,spring72 the second1 two-year old ,fall 7or ,spring72 and so on4 #bca4 ,mr4 ,k----g1 a good sportsman1 and so successful an angler1#cf that he is familiarly called by his friends the ,king-fisher1 to distinguish him from others who bear his name1 was pheasant shooting in the winter of #ahdh-i1 in two-year old springs1 where1 with all acknowledged partiality for ,kent1 it must be admitted that birds are not so plentiful as in certain preserves in ,norfolk1 though probably foxes are fully as numerous4 ,it has been remarked1 by-the-bye1 that where foxes abound1 old pheasants are very cunning2 doubtless from having been often put to their shifts to escape from their wily adversaries4 ,illustration3 ,short-legged1 strong-loined1 ,sussex ,spaniel4--,par4 #bcf4 ,page ,header3 ,,extraordinary ,,chase4 #bcb4 ,k----g sprung a splendid cock-pheasant1 which1 although a long way off1 he shot at and dropped4 ,judging from the manner in which it fell that it was a runner1 and well knowing the racing propensities of the old cocks1 he hastened to the spot where it tumbled1 and1 giving his gun to the marker1 prepared for a sharp burst1 though he little expected the extraordinary chase that was to follow4 ,he found1 as he had anticipated1 some breast feathers1 but no bird4 ,after fruitlessly trying in every direction1 for nearly a quarter of an hour1 to put ,dash on the scent1 ,k----g's eyes rested on one of the grips just spoken of3 it ran close to where the bird had fallen1 and the thought struck him that possibly the cunning creature might have taken refuge in it1 and thus have thrown out the spaniel4 ,k----g got into it1 and though finding fully six inches of water1 he persevered in following it4 ,it brought him to a high wood about one hundred yards off1 and towards which the pheasant had been flying when shot at1 but ,dash could not obtain the least scent of the bird4 ,as a last resource1 ,k----g then returned to the spot where he had left the marker with his gun1 being determined to try the grip in the opposite direction1 notwithstanding its leading exactly contrary to the point for which the bird had been making4 ,he did so1 and by calling energetically to ,dash1 he endeavoured to make the dog believe that at length the bird was in view4 ,the plan succeeded4 ,dash1 who had become slack from disappointment1 hunted with renewed animation1 and1 after pursuing the grip for some time1 took the scent full cry across the springs until he came to an old waggon-road1 along which he went at speed4 ,feeling assured that all was now right1 ,k----g gladly moderated his pace1 for he was much out of breath4 ,when at length he overtook ,dash1 instead of seeing him in possession of the bird1 he only found him completely at fault1 trying up and down the well-indented wheel-ruts4 ,on the other side of the road there was another grip4 ,into it ,k----g jumped1 followed the plan he had before adopted1 and with like success2 for on running up the grip for about sixty yards1 the spaniel again hit off the scent1 and after taking it away at a right angle 7so far that ,k----g could only now and then catch a faint tingle of the bell71 brought it back to the same grip1 but some #bjj yards higher1 where he suddenly threw up4 ,for the fourth time in went ,k----g4 ,dash now seemed thoroughly to understand matters1 and kept trying both sides of the grip for the scent4 ,at length he found it1 and went full cry across a yearling fall1 which was everywhere very bare1 except here and there an occasional patch of high strong grass4 ,at one of these ,k----g found him again at fault4 ,the dog seemed quite done2 but still it was evident1 from his excited manner1 that he thought the pheasant was not far distant4 ,after a time he began scratching at the long grass4 ,k----g went up1 and1 on putting the stalks aside1 fancied he perceived the end of some tail feathers4 ,he thrust in his arm1 and ultimately succeeded in dragging forth the well-hunted bird1 quite alive1 out of the deep wheel-track in which it had buried itself4 ,the coarse grass had grown so closely over the rut1 that the bird had been able to creep in for three or four yards4 #bcc4 ,a more miserable appearance than the poor creature presented1 cannot easily be conceived4 ,its feathers were so completely sopped1 and stuck so close to its body1 that it looked a mere skeleton2 and yet it was a noble bird1 measuring three feet and an inch from the tip of its bill to the extremity of its tail1 and weighed #c lbs4 #f oz4 #bcd4 ,as ,dash plays so conspicuous a part in the foregoing history1 it appears right that a few words should be given to describe him4 ,he is a low1 strong-limbed1 broad-backed nearly thorough-bred ,sussex spaniel1 with an extremely intelligent-looking head1 but a sadly mean stern4 ,his colour is black4 ,k----g generally hunts him with a bell1 especially where the underwood is thick4 ,if he is sharply called to when he is on game he will slacken his pace1 look round for his master1 and not road keenly until the gun approaches him2 he will then rush in with a bark to flush1 though at other times hunting mute4 ,the intelligent animal seems1 however1 perfectly to know when the cover is too high or strong for ,k----g to follow1 for he then invariably runs full cry from first touching on a scent4 ,he never deceives the sportsman1 for he never gives one of his eloquent looks unless he is certain of being on game2 and his nose is so good1 and he hunts so true1 that he invariably pushes his pheasant1 however much it may turn or double4 #bce4 ,he is also undeniable at seeking dead1 but unluckily was not taught as a youngster to fetch4 ,much time is1 therefore1 often lost in finding him after he has been sent for a winged bird2 but when he is at length discovered it is sure to be with him4 ,page ,header3 ,,sagacity ,,of ,a ,,pheasant4 #bcf4 ,i was told of a farmer in ,kent--one of her fine yeomen1 of whom ,england has such cause to feel proud1 7pity that in some other counties the class is not as distinctly preserved67--who was shooting with an old short-legged1 strong-loined1 ,sussex spaniel4 ,the dog1 after roading a pheasant along many a tortuous path1 led the farmer to the edge of a shallow brook1 up the middle of which1 far away to his right1 he was lucky enough to see the animal running1 obviously with the design of throwing out the dog4 ,a light pair of heels soon brought the sportsman within shot1 and enabled him to bag the heaviest and richest feathered bird he had ever seen4 ,the sharp long spurs#cg showed it to be at least five years of age1 and its sagacity would probably have borne it triumphantly through another campaign or two1 had not the farmer's quick eye detected its adroit manoeuvre1--one that forcibly calls to mind ,cooper's descriptions of the stratagems employed by the ,north ,american ,indians to baffle pursuit by leaving no indication of their trail4 ,page ,header3 ,,age ,,in ,,dogs ,,advantageous4 #bcg4 ,must there not be experience on the part of dogs to contend successfully with such wiliness as this8 ,so much was the last ,duke of ,gordon convinced of its necessity1--and he is well known to have been a capital sportsman1 and to have paid great attention to his fine breed of black setters1--that he would never allow one of them to accompany him to the moors that had not been shot over five or six seasons--and small blame to his ,grace for that same1 as he had a choice from all ages4 ,but it must be acknowledged1 that however excellent#ch in many respects1--and when in the hands of the breaker their indomitable energies would cause the bunch of heather1 fastened to the end of their checkcords1 to dance merrily over the mountains from morning until night-fall1--most of them were a wild set in their youth1 and required constant work to keep them in order4 ,every experienced sportsman in the ,highlands is aware that young dogs will romp 7for it cannot be termed hunting71 with their noses here1 there1 and everywhere1 obtaining but few points over ground on which knowing old dogs will immediately afterwards keep the gun-barrels at an exhilarating temperature4 #bch4 ,when you hunt a brace of dogs1 to speak theoretically1 they should traverse a field in opposite directions1 but along parallel lines1 and the distance between the lines should be regulated by you according as it is a good or a bad scenting day1 and according to the excellence of the dogs' noses4 ,mathematical accuracy is1 of course1 never to be attained1 but the closer you approach to it the better4 ,illustration3 ,duke of ,gordon's fine breed of ,black ,setters4--,par4 #bcg4 ,page ,header3 ,,beat ,,of ,,two ,,dogs4 #bci4 ,you should attempt it 7on entering the field to leeward1 as before directed7 by making one dog go straight ahead of you to the distance which you wish the parallel lines to be apart from each other1 before you cast him off 7say7 to the right2 then cast off his companion to the left4 ,if the dogs are nearly equal in pace1 the one ahead1 so long as he does not fancy he winds game1 should continue to work on a parallel more advanced than the other4 #bdj4 ,should you not like to relinquish1 for the sake of this formal precision1 the chance of a find in the neglected right-hand corner of the field1 cast off one dog to the right1 the other to the left on entering it1 and make the one that soonest approaches his hedge take the widest sweep 7turn71 and so be placed in the advanced parallel4 #bda4 ,with regard to hunting more than a brace--when your difficulties wonderfully multiply--your own judgment must determine in what manner to direct their travelling powers to the greatest advantage4 ,much will depend upon the different speed of the dogs2 the number you choose1 from whim or otherwise1 to hunt2 the kind of country you beat2 and the quantity and sort of game you expect to find4 ,it is1 however1 certain you must wish that each dog be observant of the direction in which your face is turned1 in order that he may guide his own movements by yours2--that he from time to time look towards you to see if you have any commands2--and that he be ever anxious to obey them4 ,herbert writes as follows1 in his work on shooting in the ,united ,states3#ci his words ought to have influence1 for manifestly he is a good sportsman2 but ,i own ,i cannot quite agree with him as to the facility with which a range can be taught3 ,it is wonderful how easily dogs which are always shot over by the same man--he being one who knows his business--will learn to cross and re-quarter their ground1 turning to the slightest whistle1 and following the least gesture of the hand4 ,i have seen old dogs turn their heads to catch their master's eye1 if they thought the whistle too long deferred2 and ,i lately lost an old ,irish setter1 which had been stone deaf for his last two seasons1 but which ,i found no more difficulty in turning than any other dog1 so accurately did he know when to look for the signal4 ,page ,header3 ,,beat ,,of ,,three ,,dogs4 #bdb4 ,to beat your ground systematically with three dogs you should strive to make them cross and re-cross you1 each on a different parallel1 as just described for two dogs2 but each dog must make a proportionately bolder sweep 7turn72 or1 #bdc4 ,if you have plenty of space1 you can make one dog take a distinct beat to the right1 another a separate beat to the left1 and direct the third 7which ought to be the dog least confirmed in his range7 to traverse the central part1--and so be the only one that shall cross and re-cross you4 ,if one of your dogs is a slow potterer1 and you prefer this method to the one named in #bdb1 give him the middle beat1 and let his faster companions take the flanks4 ,in our small ,english fields you have not space enough1 but on our moors1 and in many parts of the ,continent1 it cannot be want of room that will prevent your accomplishing it4 ,to do this well1 however1 and not interfere with each other's ground1 how magnificently must your dogs be broken6 ,in directing their movements1 the assistance that would be given you by each dog's acknowledging his own particular whistle1 and no other 7#eje71 is very apparent4 ,page ,header3 ,,beat ,,of ,,four ,,or ,,five ,,dogs4 #bdd4 ,it is difficult enough to make three dogs traverse across you on tolerably distinct parallels1 and at a judicious distance between the parallels2 you will find it hopeless to attempt it with more than three2 and one can hardly imagine a case in which it would be advantageous to uncouple a greater number of good rangers4 ,if1 however1 the scarcity of game1 and the extensiveness of your beat1 or any peculiar fancy1 induce you habitually to use four dogs1 hunt one brace to the right1 the other to the left2 and1 so far as you can1 let those which form a brace be of equal speed4#dj ,your task will be facilitated by your always keeping the same brace to one flank1--,i mean1 by making one brace constantly hunt to your right hand2 the other brace to your left4 ,the same reasoning holds with regard to assigning to each dog a particular side when hunting three1 according to the mode described in last paragraph4 ,it should1 however1 be borne in mind1 that constantly hunting a dog in this manner on one and the same flank1 tends to make him range very disagreeably whenever employed single-handed4 #bde4 ,if you hunt five dogs1 four of them ought to work by braces to the right and left1 and the fifth 7the dog whose rate of speed most varies from the others7 should have a narrow beat assigned him directly in advance of you4 #bdf4 ,if three brace are to be used1 let the third brace hunt the central ground1 as recommended for the fifth dog1--or they could be worked in leashes1 one on the right of the gun1 the other on the left4 #bdg4 ,these are the correct theoretical rules1 and the more closely you observe them1 the more truly and killingly will your ground be hunted4 ,page ,header3 ,,brigades1--,,not ,,packs4 #bdh4 ,probably you will think that such niceties are utterly impracticable4 ,they must be impracticable1 if you look for mathematical precision2 but if you are determined to hunt many dogs and hope to shoot over more than a mere rabble1 you should work upon system4 ,if you do not1 what can you expect but an unorganized mob8--an undrilled set1 perpetually running over each other's ground1--now scampering in this part1 now crowded in that1--a few likely spots being hunted by all 7especially if they are old dogs71 the rest of the field by none of them2 and to control whose unprofitable wanderings1 why not employ a regular huntsman and a well-mounted whip8 ,doubtless it would be absurd to hope for perfect accuracy in so difficult a matter as a systematic range in a brigade of dogs2 but that you may approach correctness1 take a true standard of excellence4 ,if you do not keep perfection in view1 you will never attain to more than mediocrity4 ,i earnestly hope1 however1 that it cannot be your wish to take out a host of dogs1--but should you have such a singular hobby1 pray let them be regularly brigaded1 and not employed as a pack4 ,in my opinion1 under no circumstances can more than relays of leashes be desirable2 but ,i should be sorry in such matters to dispute any man's right to please himself2 ,i only wish him1 whatever he does1 to strive to do it correctly4 #bdi4 ,some men who shoot on a grand scale make their keepers hunt each a distinct brace of dogs1--the gun going up to whatever dog points4 ,it is the most killing plan to adopt2 but that is not the matter we were considering4 ,the question was1 what method a man ought to pursue who had a fancy to himself hunt many dogs at a time4 ,page ,header3 ,,major ,b----,d',s ,,brigade4 #bej4 ,the late ,major ,b----d1 of ,b----d1 in ,lancashire1 had this fancy4 ,the moors over which he shot were by no means well-stocked with game2 but the wonderful control he obtained over his pointers showed1 in the strongest manner1 the high grade of education that can be imparted to dogs by gentle and judicious treatment4 #bea4 ,he was accustomed to hunt three brace at a time4 ,each dog when he was ranging would take up his separate ground1 without interfering with that of his companions4 ,the ,major's raising his arm was the signal for all to drop4 #beb4 ,if one of the dogs was pointing1 the ,major would go up perhaps to the dog furthest off1 and make him approach the dog that was standing2 and in ,october 7when grouse run much7 he has thus brought all six dogs in a line1 one following the other1 and made each in succession take the lead1 and foot the birds for a short distance4 ,the same dogs1 on the same day1 at a given signal1 would run riot2 scamper over the moor2 chase hares1 sheep1 or anything they came across2 and at the well-known signal again would drop1 and1 as if by magic1 resume their perfect obedience4 #bec4 ,major ,b----d was quite one of the old school2 used flint and steel2 and looked with ineffable contempt at the detonators of the youngsters4 ,he was not remarkable for being a good shot1 capital sportsman as he undoubtedly was in the highest sense of the word1 showing the truth of what was said in the fifth paragraph1 that excellence in shooting1 though of course advantageous1 is not a necessary qualification in a breaker4 #bed4 ,if a professional breaker could show you a brigade of dogs well trained to quarter their ground systematically1 and should ask from fifty to sixty guineas#da a brace for them1 you ought not to be surprised4 ,what an extent of country they could sweep over in an hour and not leave a bird behind6 ,and consider what time and labour must have been spent in inculcating so noble a range4 ,he would have been far better paid1 if he had received less than half the money as soon as they pointed steadily1 both at the living and the dead2 down charged2 backed2 and were broken from chasing hare1 or noticing rabbits4 #bee4 ,the great advantage of fine rangers is not much considered where game is abundant4 ,a friend of mine1 a capital shot 7though far inferior to his namesake1 ,captain ,r----s of sporting celebrity71 with whom ,i have enjoyed some pleasant quail shooting in ,america1 used constantly to hunt a leash of pointers1 ,jem1 ,beau1 and ,fag1--the last a regular misnomer1 for the dog was incorrigibly idle4 ,it was curious to watch how pertinaciously1 like sheep1 they herded together1--seldom did one wind a bird that would not have been found a few seconds afterwards by the others4 ,r----s1 long before ,i knew him1 had relinquished all attempts at making them beat separately--indeed1 ,i am not positive that he was fully sensible of its utility4 ,as they all backed promptly--instantly down charged1 and had not a shade of jealousy1 they did little harm2 and sometimes on a broiling day ,beau1 who generally took the lead1 was not the first to come on a dead bird4 ,where game is plentiful1 as bad rangers as the trio belonging to my old friend1 will afford you sport2 but it is certain that they will pass by many birds1 unless you undergo the fatigue of walking over most of the ground yourself1 and it is clear if you do1 that you will not be able to hunt half as many acres in a day1 as you could if you kept to your general central direction while the dogs hunted according to rule4 ,few ,frenchmen agree with us respecting a fine range4 ,they make their pointers and setters hunt almost as close as spaniels4 ,they prefer bitches to dogs1 saying that they are more affectionate 7plus fidles71 and therefore range nearer4 ,in ,england1 in old days1 when our dogs were far heavier and slower than they are now1 and1 in consequence1 could not run over so much ground1 they were taught to traverse little more than from thirty to sixty yards on each side of the gun4 ,page ,header3 ,,fast ,,walking ,,not ,,most ,,hunting4 #bef4 ,some men fancy that the faster they walk1 the more country they hunt4 ,this is far from being always the case4 ,dogs travel at one rate1 whether you walk fast or slow1 and the distance between the parallels on which they work1 7being determined by the fineness of their noses1 and the goodness of the scent17 ought not to be affected by your pace4 ,suppose1 therefore1 that you shoot in an unenclosed country1 whether you walk quickly1 or merely crawl along1 the only difference in the beat of your dogs ought to be that1 in the latter case1 they range further to the right and left4 ,you thus make up in your breadth what you lose in your length of beat4 ,page ,header3 ,,finer ,,nose ,,beats ,,quicker ,,heels4 #beg4 ,nor do the fastest dogs1 however well they may be broken1 always truly hunt the most ground4 ,the slower dogs have frequently finer olfactory nerves than their fleeter rivals1--therefore the parallels on which the former work1 may correctly be much wider apart than the parallels of the latter4 ,the finer nose in this manner commands so much more ground1 that it beats the quicker heels out and out4 #beh4 ,you will see1 then1 how judicious it is to show forbearance and give encouragement to the timid1 but high-bred class#db of dogs described in #aaf2 for it is obvious that1 though they may travel slower1 yet they may really hunt properly1 within a specified time1 many more acres of ground than their hardier and faster competitors3 and it is certain that they will not so much alarm the birds4 ,dogs that are most active with their heels are generally least busy with their noses4 ,,chapter ,,ix4 ,,first ,,lesson ,,in ,,september ,,continued4 ,,point ,,not ,,relinquished ,,for ,,down ,,charge4 #bei4 ,affection makes ,dog anxious to please--when he rushes in to be dragged back4--#bfj4 ,rule pressed4--#bfa4 ,reason for ,rule--,experience anticipated4--#bfb4 ,to stand far off--,pointer procuring shots at black game1 but raising ,grouse4--#bfc4 ,patience enjoined--,not to part as enemies4--#bfd4 ,the first good point--,remain yourself stationary4--#bfe4 ,heading ,dog--,your circle to be wide4 ,the first bird killed4--#bff4 ,finding dead bird1 it being to ,leeward4--#bfg4 ,pointing it--,blinking it--,the cause4--#bfh4 ,woodcock lost from ,dog not pointing dead4--#bfi4 ,bird killed1 the ,dog to go to heel4--#bgj4 ,supposed objection4--#bga4 ,answered4--#bgb4 ,temptation to run after fallen bird greater than to run to heel4--#bgc4 ,dog pointing one bird1 and after down charge springing the others4 ,the cause4--#bgd4 ,the preventive4 ,dog never to discontinue his point in order to down charge4 ,how taught4--#bge4 ,its advantages exemplified4--#bgf4 ,decide whether ,dog goes direct to bird1 or first to you4--#bgg4 ,dog which performed well4 ,snipe-shooting on banks of ,richlieu4--#bgh4 ,coolness recommended4 ,inconsistency deprecated4 #bei4 ,to proceed1 however1 with our imaginary ,september day's work4 ,i will suppose that your young dog has got upon birds1 and that from his boldness and keenness in hunting you need not let him run riot on a haunt1 as you were recommended 7in #acb71 when you wished to give courage and animation to a timid dog4 ,you must expect that his eagerness and delight will make him run in and flush them1 even though you should have called out ,toho when first you perceived his stern begin feathering1 and thence judged that his olfactory nerves were rejoicing in the luxurious taint of game4 ,hollo out ,drop most energetically4 ,if he does not immediately lie down1 crack your whip loudly to command greater attention4 ,when you have succeeded in making him lie down1 approach him quietly3 be not angry with him1 but yet be stern in manner4 ,grasping the skin of his neck1 or what is better1 putting your hand within his collar 7for he ought to wear a light one71 quietly drag him to the precise spot where you think he was first aware of the scent of the birds4 ,there make him stand1 7if stand he will1 instead of timidly crouching71 with his head directed towards the place from which the birds took wing1 and by frequently repeating the word ,toho1 endeavour to make him understand that he ought to have pointed at that identical spot4 ,do not confuse him by even threatening to beat him4 ,the chances are twenty to one that he is anxious to please you1 but does not yet know what you wish4 ,i assume also that he is attached to you1 and his affection1 from constantly inducing him to exert himself to give satisfaction1 will greatly develop his observation and intelligence4 ,page ,header3 ,,first ,,find4 #bfj4 ,consider it a golden rule never to be departed from 7for ,i must again impress upon you a matter of such importance71 invariably to drag a dog who has put up birds incautiously1 or wilfully drawn too near them1 and so sprung them 7or1 what is quite as bad1--though young sportsmen will not sufficiently think of it1--endangered their rising out of shot71 to the exact spot at which you judge he ought to have pointed at first1 and awaited your instructions4 ,page ,header3 ,,point ,,too ,,near ,,game4 #bfa4 ,think for one moment what could be the use of chiding 7or beating1 as ,i have seen some 99 99 99 99 99 do7 the poor animal at the spot where he flushed the birds4 ,you are not displeased with him 7or ought not to be7 because the birds took wing1--for if they had remained stationary until he was within a yard of them1 his fault would have been the same3 nor are you angry with him because he did not catch them 7which interpretation he might1 as naturally as any other1 put upon your rating him at the spot where he flushed them71--you are displeased with him for not having pointed at them steadily the moment he became sensible of their presence4 ,this is what you wish him to understand1 and this you can only teach him by dragging him1 as has been so often said1 to the spot at which he ought to have toho-ed them4 ,your object is to give the young dog by instruction1 the caution that most old dogs have acquired by experience4 ,doubtless experience would in time convince him of the necessity of this caution2 but you wish to save time1--to anticipate that experience2 and by a judicious education impart to him knowledge which it would take him years to acquire otherwise4 ,what a dog gains by experience is not what you teach him1 but what he teaches himself4 #bfb4 ,many carelessly-taught dogs will on first recognising a scent make a momentary point1 and then slowly crawl on until they get within a few yards of the game1--if it be sufficiently complaisant to allow of such a near approach1--and there set as steady as a rock by the hour together4 ,supposing1 however1 that the birds are in an unfriendly distant mood1 and not willing to remain on these neighbourly terms1 your game is up1 both literally and metaphorically1--you have no chance of getting a shot4 ,this is a common fault among dogs hastily broken in the spring4 ,i speak feelingly on the subject from a still unpleasant recollection of my extreme vexation on a certain #bjth of ,august1#dc when shooting over a young pointer bitch of excellent natural capabilities1 but who had been injudiciously allowed1 during her tuition in the spring1 to stand too close to her birds4 ,she was a quick ranger1--carried a high diligent nose1--had much endurance1 and procured me several shots at young black game1 but not one1 if ,i remember right1 at grouse4 ,i was always aware when she first found1 for her attitudes were fine and marked1 but1 in defiance of all my signals1 and occasional calls1 she would persist in creeping nearer1 a proximity the grouse would not endure4 ,as a violent jerk would not have been necessary1 often did ,i wish that day1 whenever she approached a likely spot1 that it was in my power to attach to her collar a stiff thin checkcord about #ajj yards long1#dd--such a one as would have been handed to me at a fishing-tackle shop on my asking for a strong hemp salmon line1--the kind used in former days after being soaked for weeks in oil1--now1 however1 considered heavy and unmanageable4 ,a mild spiked collar applied as described in #cjb to #cjd1 would1 ,i think1 have noiselessly reclaimed her1 without injuring my shooting4 ,page ,header3 ,,must ,,not ,,be ,,in ,a ,,hurry4 #bfc4 ,but to resume our supposed lesson4 ,you must not be in a hurry--keep your dog for some time--for a long time1 where he should have pointed4 ,you may even sit down alongside him4 ,be patient2 you have not come out so much to shoot1 as to break in your dog4 ,when at length you give him the wave of the hand to hie him on to hunt1 you must not part as enemies1 though ,i do not say he is to be caressed4 ,he has committed a fault1 and he is to be made sensible of it by your altered manner4 #bfd4 ,suppose that1 after two or three such errors1 all treated in the way described1 he makes a satisfactory point4 ,hold up your right hand1 and the moment you catch his eye1 remain quite stationary1 still keeping your arm up4 ,dogs1 as has been already observed1 are very imitative2 and your standing stock-still will1 more than anything else1 induce him to be patient and immovable at his point4 ,after a time 7say five minutes if1 from the hour of the day and the dog's manner1 you are convinced that the birds are not stirring71 endeavour to get up to him so quietly as not to excite him to move4 ,whenever you observe him inclined to advance1--of which his lifting a foot or even raising a shoulder1 or the agitation of his stern will be an indication1--stop for some seconds1 and when by your raised hand you have awed him into steadiness1 again creep on4 ,make your approaches within his sight1 so that he may be intimidated by your eye and hand4 ,if you succeed in getting near him without unsettling him1 actually stay by him1 as firm as a statue1 for a quarter of an hour by one of ,barwise's best chronometers4 ,let your manner1 which he will observe1 show great earnestness4 ,never mind the loss of time4 ,you are giving the dog a famous lesson1 and the birds are kindly aiding you by lying beautifully and not shifting their ground4#de ,page ,header3 ,,the ,,first ,,bird ,,killed4 #bfe4 ,now attempt a grand coup1 in which if you are successful1 you may almost consider your dog made staunch for ever4 ,keeping your eye on him1 and your hand up 7of course the right one71 make a circuit1 so that the birds shall be between him and you4 ,be certain that your circle is sufficiently wide1--if it is not1 the birds may get up behind you1 and so perplex him1 that at his next find he will feel doubtful how to act4 ,fire at no skirter1 or chance shot4 ,reserve yourself for the bird or birds at which he points2 a caution more necessary on the moors than on the stubbles1 as grouse spread while feeding4 ,when you have well headed him1 walk towards him and spring the birds4 ,use straight shooting-powder4 ,take a cool aim well forward1 and knock down one4 ,do not flurry the dog by firing more than a single barrel1 or confuse him by killing more than one bird4 ,if you have been able to accomplish all this without his stirring 7though1 to effect it1 you may have been obliged to use your voice71 you have every right to hope1 from his previous education1 that he will readily down charge on hearing the report of your gun4 ,do not hurry your loading3--indeed1 be unnecessarily long1 with the view of making him at all such times patient and steady4 ,if1 in spite of all your calls and signals1 he gives chase to the sprung birds1 make him drop1--instantly if possible1--and proceed much as described in #bei1 dragging him back to the place where he should have down charged4 ,page ,header3 ,,pointing ,,dead4 #bff4 ,when you have loaded1 say1 ,dead1#df in a low voice1 and signalling to heel make him come up to you1 yourself keeping still4 ,by signs 7,,xi4 of #ada7 place him as near as you can1 but to leeward of the dead bird4 ,then1 and not till then1 say1 ,find2 give him no other assistance4 ,let him have plenty of time to make out the bird4 ,it is not to be find and grip1 but find and point1#dg therefore the moment you perceive he is aware that it is before him1 make him 7by word of command7 toho3--go up to him1 stay for a while alongside him1 then make a small circuit to head him1 and have the bird between you and him2 approach him4 ,if he attempt to dash in1 thunder out ,no1 and greet him with at least the sound of the whip3 slowly pick up the dead bird2 call the dog to you2 show him the bird2 but on no account throw it to him1 lest he snatch at it2 lay it on the ground1 encourage him to sniff it2 let him 7for reason why see #cac7 turn it over with his nose1--teeth closed1--say to him1 ,dead1 dead2 caress him2 sit down2 smooth the feathers of the bird2 let him perceive that you attach much value to it2 and after a while loop it on the game-bag1 allowing him all the time to see what you are doing4 ,after that1 make much of him for full five minutes3 indeed with some dogs it would be advisable to give a palatable reward1 but be not invariably very prodigal of these allurements2 you may have a pupil whose attention they might engross more than they ought4 ,then walk about a little time with him at your heels4 ,all this delay and caressing will serve to show him that the first tragedy is concluded1 and has been satisfactorily performed4 ,you may now hie him on to hunt for more birds4 ,illustration3 ,,large ,,heavy ,,pointer4 ,page ,header3 ,,blinking ,,dead4 #bfg4 ,pray mind what is said about making your youngster point the dead bird staunchly1 the moment you perceive that he first scents it4 ,should he be allowed to approach so near as to be able to touch it 7instead of being made to point the instant he finds71 the chances are1 that1 if hard-mouthed he will give it a crunch1 if tender-mouthed a fumbling of the feathers2 and either proceeding satisfying him1 that he will quit it1 and not further aid you in a search4 ,as pointing is only a natural pause 7prolonged by art7 to determine exactly where the game is lying1 preparatory to rushing forward to seize1 it would be unreasonable to expect him willingly to make a second point at game he has not only found but mouthed3--the evil1 however1 does not rest here4 ,there is such a disagreeable thing as blinking a dead bird1 no less than blinking a sound one4 ,for mouthing the bird you may possibly beat the dog1 or for nosing it and not pointing you may rate him harshly1 either of which1 if he be not of a bold disposition1 may lead1 on the next occasion1 to his slinking off after merely obtaining a sniff4 ,you ought1 in fact1 to watch as carefully for your pupil's first feathering upon the dead bird1 as you did 7#bei7 upon his first coming upon the covey4 ,you see1 then1 that your teaching him to point dead is absolutely indispensable2 unless1 indeed1 you constantly shoot with a retriever4 ,pointing at a live bird or at a dead one1 should only differ in this1 that in the latter case the dog makes a nearer point4 ,begin correctly1 and you will not have any difficulty2 but you may expect the greatest1 if you let your dog go up to one or two birds and mouth them1 before you commence making him point them4 ,the following season1 should you then permit him to lift his game 7#ech71 it will be time enough to dispense with his pointing dead4 ,i dwell upon this subject because many excellent dogs1 from not having been properly taught to point dead1 often fail in securing the produce of a successful shot1 while1 on the contrary1 with judiciously educated dogs it rarely happens that any of the slain or wounded are left on the field4 ,moreover1 the protracted search and failure 7as an instance see #cad7 occasions a lamentable loss of time4 ,were a sportsman who shoots over dogs not well broken to point dead 7or retrieve7 to calculate accurately1 watch in hand1 he would1 ,i think1 be surprised to find how many of his best shooting hours are wasted in unprofitable searching for birds1 of the certainty of whose untimely fate his dogs had probably long before fully convinced themselves4 ,page ,header3 ,,woodcock ,,lost4 #bfh4 ,i was shooting some seasons back where woodcocks1 being scarce1 are considered great prizes4 ,if one is sprang1 the pheasants are immediately neglected1 and every exertion is made to secure the rara avis4 ,we flushed one2 at length it was killed2 it fell in thick cover1--was found by a setter 7a feather or two in his mouth betraying him72 but as the dog had not been properly taught to point dead1 we were obliged to leave the bird behind1 after spending nearly half an hour in a fruitless search4 ,page ,header3 ,,bird ,,killed1--,,dog ,,to ,,heel4 #bfi4 ,as to the word ,dead1 whether you choose to continue using it immediately after loading1 or1 as ,i have recommended 7,,xi4 of #ada71 after a time omit it1 and merely let the signal to heel intimate that you have killed1 always make your dog go to you before you allow him to seek for the fallen bird4 #bgj4 ,some may say1 ,as a dog generally sees a bird fall1 what is the use of calling him to you before you let him seek8--and even if he does not see the bird1 why should any time be lost8 ,why should not you and he go as direct to it as you can8 ,page ,header3 ,,dead ,,birds ,,left ,,on ,,ground4 #bga4 ,provided you have no wish that the finder 7see #eda71 rather than any of his companions1 should be allowed the privilege of seeking dead1 ,i must admit that in the cultivated lands of ,england1 when a dog sees a bird fall1 he might in nine cases out of ten go direct to it without inconvenience4 ,even here1 however1 there are occasions when intervening obstacles may prevent your observing what the dog is about2 and in cover1 so far from being able to give him any assistance by signaling1 you may be ignorant whether or not he has seen the bird knocked over1 or is even aware of the general direction in which he ought to seek4 ,but in the oft-occurring cases in which he does not see the bird fall1 it is obvious 7particularly when he happens to be at the extremity of his beat71 that you will far more quickly place him where you wish1 if you make him1 at first1 run up to you1 and then advance from you1 straight to the bird1 by your forward signal 7#bgg74 ,these good results at least will follow1 if you remain stationary1 and make him join you4 ,you do not lose sight of the spot where you marked that the bird or birds fell4 ,the foil is not interfered with by your walking over the ground 7a matter of much importance1 especially on bad scenting days74 ,the dog1 if habituated to seek without your companionship1 will readily hunt morasses and ravines1 where you might find it difficult to accompany him4 ,he will feel the less free to follow his own vagaries2 and this consciousness of subjection will dispose him to pay more watchful attention to your signals4 ,he will the more patiently wait at the down charge2 and when you are reloaded will not be so tempted to dash recklessly after the bird1 regardless whether or not he raises others on the way4 ,if he is dragging a cord1 you can the more easily take hold of its end1 in order to check him1 and make him point when he first winds the dead bird1--and should you be shooting over several dogs1 by none of them being permitted to run direct to the fallen bird1 they will the less unwillingly allow you to select the one who is to approach close to you before seeking dead4 #bgb4 ,the opponents of this method argue1 that the practice may give the dog the bad habit of running immediately after the down charge to the gun1 instead of recommencing to hunt2 particularly if he is shot over by a first-rate performer4 ,granted2 but is not the temptation to bolt off in search of a dead bird still stronger8 ,to check the former evil1 endeavour to make the coming to heel an act of obedience rather than a voluntary act1 by never failing1 as soon as you are reloaded1 to give the customary signal 7,,viii4 of #ada7 when you have killed1 or the signal to hie on should you have missed4 #bgc4 ,moreover1 you will sometimes meet with a dog who1 when a bird has been fired at1 though it be the first and only one sprung of a large covey1 commences seeking dead immediately after the down charge1 apparently considering that his first duty4 ,this sad1 sad fault--for it frequently leads to his raising the other birds out of shot--is generally attributable to the dog's having been allowed to rush at the fallen bird1 instead of being1 accustomed to the restraint of having first to run up to the gun4 #bgd4 ,to prevent your pupil from ever behaving so badly1 often adopt the plan of not seeking dead immediately after loading1 especially if the birds are lying well4 ,mark accurately the spot where your victim lies1 and closely hunt for others1 endeavouring to instil great caution into the dog1 much in the manner 7being guided by his disposition and character7 described in #aif1 #aig1 and #cbi4 ,as long as any of the covey remain unsprung1 you ought not to pick up one dead bird1 though you should have a dozen on the ground4 ,your dog ought not even to down charge after you have fired1 if he is fully aware that more birds are before him4 ,to impart to him the knowledge that1 however important is the down charge1 his continuing at his point is still more so1 you may1 when the birds are lying well and he is at a fixed point1 make your attendant discharge a gun at a little distance while you remain near the dog1 encouraging him to maintain his toho4 ,if you have no attendant1 and the birds lie like stones1 fire off a barrel yourself while the dog is steadily pointing4#dh ,he will fancy you see birds which he has not noticed1 and1 unless properly tutored and praised by you1 will be desirous to quit those he has found1 to search for the bird he conceives you have shot4 #bge4 ,it is a fine display of intelligence in the dog1 and of judicious training in the breaker 7may it be your desert and reward ere long to witness it in your pupil71 when a pointer 7or setter7 in goodly turnips or strong potatoes draws upon birds which obligingly rise one after the other1 while by continuing his eloquent attitude he assures you that some still remain unsprung1 to which he is prepared to lead you1 if you will but attend to them and him1 and1 instead of pot-hunting after those you have killed1 wait until his discriminating nose informs him that having no more strangers to introduce1 he is at liberty to assist you in your search4 ,page ,header3 ,,point ,,continued4 #bgf4 ,to revert1 however1 to the point particularly under discussion1 viz41 whether you prefer that your dog go direct to the fallen bird1 or 7as ,i strongly recommend7 that he first join you1 pray be consistent2 exact which you will1 but always exact the same1 if you are anxious to obtain cheerful unhesitating obedience4 ,page ,header3 ,,good ,,training ,,exemplified4 #bgg4 ,i have seen the advantage of the latter method very strikingly exemplified in ,america1 in parts of which there is capital snipe-shooting4 ,in the high grass and rushes on the banks of the ,richelieu1 many a bird have ,i seen flushed and shot at1 of which the liver and white pointer1 ranging at a little distance1 has known nothing4 ,as he was well broken in1 he1 of course1 dropped instantly1 on hearing the report of the gun4 ,if the bird had fallen1 his master1 after reloading1 used invariably to say ,dead1#di in a low tone of voice1 on which the dog would go up to him2 and then his master1 without stirring from the spot where he had fired1 directed him by signals to the place where the bird fell1 to reach which the dog often had to swim the stream4 ,his master then said ,find4 ,at that word1 and not before it1 his intelligent four-footed companion commenced searching for the bird1 nor did he ever fail to find and bring2 and so delicate was his mouth that ,i have often seen him deliver up a bird perfectly alive1 without having deranged a feather1 though1 very probably1 he had swam with it across one of the many creeks which intersect that part of the country4 ,if the shot was a miss1 his master's silence after reloading1 and a wave of his arm to continue hunting 7or the command to ,hie on1 if the dog was hidden by the rushes--perhaps a low whistle would have been better71 fully informed his companion of the disappointment4 ,he was quite as good on the large quail1 and small woodcock found in ,canada1 which latter makes a ringing noise on rising1 not unlike the sound of a distant soft bell2 but reminiscences of that capital old dog are leading me away from your young one4 #bgh4 ,for some days you cannot shoot to your pupil too steadily and quietly--,i had well-nigh said too slowly4 ,by being cool1 calm1 and collected yourself1 you will make him so4 ,i am most unwilling to think that you will be too severe1 but ,i confess ,i have my misgivings lest you should occasionally overlook some slight faults in the elation of a successful right and left4 ,filling the game-bag must be quite secondary to education4 ,never hesitate to give up any bird if its acquisition interfere with a lesson4 ,let all that you secure be done according to rule1 and in a sportsmanlike manner4 ,,chapter ,x4 ,,first ,,lesson ,,in ,,september ,,continued4 ,,assistant4--,,vermin4 #bgi4 ,some ,dogs will not point readily--,breeding in and in1 error of4--#bhj4 ,instance of two young1 untaught1 highly-bred ,pointers1 behaving well first day shown ,game--,dogs more inclined to point at first than afterwards4--#bha4 ,checkcord employed--spike attached to it4--#bhb4 ,with wild dog assistant useful--,signals to4--#bhc4 ,how particularly useful with a badly broken ,dog--,range of ,stoat--,traps better than ,guns4 ,in ,note1 ,hen-harrier feeding her young--,decoy ,owl for ,winged-,vermin--,keeper to possess ,dog that hunts ,vermin--,account of a capital ,bull-,terrier--,destructiveness of ,stoats4 7,see ,appendix74--#bhd4 ,shy birds1 how intercepted between ,guns and dog4 ,cheeta driven near ,antelopes by cart circling and never stopping4 ,in ,note1 ,cheeta always selects the ,buck4 ,cheeta how trained4--#bhe4 ,heading ,dog at his point--not practised too often--,dog to acquire a knowledge of his distance from ,game4--#bhf4 ,beautiful instance of ,pointer correcting his ,distance4--#bhg4 ,constantly ,heading ,dog may make him too immoveable4--#bhh4 ,a fault often caused by over-punishment4--#bhi4 ,mr4 ,c----t's ,bitch1 which persisted three times in taking up the same point4--#bij to #bib4 ,instance of fine roading in a young ,dog4--#bic4 ,false points caused by over-punishment--,self-confidence and experience only cures for over-caution4--#bid4 ,dog's manner shows position of birds4--#bie4 ,curiously instanced in a ,dog of ,lord ,m----d's4--#bif4 ,also shows species of ,game--,pointer on ,rabbits4--#big4 ,young ,dog drawing upon his first ,blackcock4--#bih4 ,terrier pointing four kinds of game1 and each in a different attitude4 #bgi4 ,it is proper you should be warned that you must not always expect a dog will toho the first day as readily as ,i have described1 though most will1 and some 7especially pointers7 even more quickly1 if they have been previously well drilled1 and have been bred for several generations from parents of pure blood4 ,i do not say bred in and in4 ,breeding in and in1 to a certainty1 would enfeeble their intellects as surely as their constitutions4 ,in this way has many a kennel been deprived of the energy and endurance so essential in a sportsman's dog4 ,page ,header3 ,,education ,,before ,,game-,,bag4 #bhj4 ,the late ,lord ,harris gave ,mr4 ,m----t 7mentioned in #aie71 then residing in ,essex1 two young1 very highly-bred pointer pups1 a brother and sister4 ,mr4 ,m----t1 after some months1 carried them into ,kent1 and1 without their having had the least preliminary instruction1 or ever having seen a bird1 took them out partridge-shooting4 ,he had no older dog to set them a good example1 and as they were wholly unbroken1 he feared they would bolt for home the moment he squibbed off his gun2 but1 though they seemed much astonished and extremely nervous at the report1 great caressing and encouragement induced them to remain4 ,after awhile the dog went forward1 and sniffed about1--then he began to hunt1--at length he did so very assiduously2 but his sister not so keenly1 for she did little more than follow in his wake4 ,generally it is otherwise1 bitches being usually the earliest in the field4 ,at length the dog came to a stiff point at the edge of some turnips4 ,the bitch perceived him and timidly backed4 ,mr4 ,m----t hastened up--birds arose--one fell1 fortunately killed outright--the dog dashed at it1 and1 tremulous with a world of new and pleasurable emotions1 nosed and fumbled it about in a very excited manner1 but did not attempt to gripe it4 ,mr4 ,m----t1 lest he should damp the youngster's ardour1 refrained from rating1 or even speaking to him1 but left him entirely to himself4 ,after a time1 singular to say1--for he had not been taught as a puppy to fetch1--he lifted the partridge1 and carried it to his master1--a practice he was afterwards allowed to pursue4 ,is it not clear that1 if he had been well instructed in the initiatory lessons1 ,mr4 ,m----t would have found him perfectly made with the exception of having no systematic range8 ,he turned out extremely well1 and constantly showed himself superior to his sister1 who always wanted mettle4 ,as in the present instance1 it often occurs that a dog is less inclined to dash in at first than when he is more acquainted with birds4 ,he is suddenly arrested by the novelty of the scent1 and it is not until he is fully assured from what it proceeds that he longs to rush forward and give chase4 ,in autumnal breaking the dog gets his bird--it is killed for him--he is satisfied--and therefore he has not the same temptation to rush in as when he is shown birds in the spring4 #bha4 ,if you find your dog1 from excess of delight and exuberance of spirits1 less under general command than from his initiatory education you had expected1 and that he will not toho steadily at the exact spot at which you order him1 at once attach a checkcord to his collar4 ,it will diminish his pace1 and make him more cautious and obedient4 ,the moment you next see him begin to feather1 get up quickly1 but without running1 to the end of the cord1 and check him with a sudden jerk if you are satisfied that game is before him and that he ought to be pointing4 ,if from his attitude and manner you are positive that there is game1 drive a spike 7or peg7 into the ground1 and tie the cord to it4 ,i only hope the birds will remain stationary4 ,if they do1 you can give him a capital lesson by remaining patiently alongside of him1 and then heading him and the birds in the manner before described 7#bfd1 #bfe74 ,page ,header3 ,,signals ,,to ,,attendant4 #bhb4 ,as a general rule1 an attendant or any companion cannot be recommended1 because he would be likely to distract a young dog's attention 7#aj72 but an intelligent fellow who would readily obey your signals1 and not presume to speak1 would1 doubtless1 with a very wild dog1 be an advantageous substitute for the spike4 ,you could then employ a longer and slighter cord than usual1 and1 on the man's getting hold of the end of it1 be at once free to head and awe the dog4 ,whenever you had occasion to stand still1 the man would1 of course1 be as immoveable as yourself4 ,your signals to him might be3-- ,the gun held up1--,get near the dog4 ,your fist clenched1--,seize the rope4 ,your fist shaken1--,jerk the cord4 ,your hand spread open1--,let go the cord4 ,or any signs you pleased1 so that you understood each other without the necessity of speaking4 ,page ,header3 ,,range ,,of ,,stoat4 #bhc4 ,should it ever be your misfortune to have to correct in a dog evil habits caused by past mismanagement1 such an attendant1 if an active1 observant fellow1 could give you valuable assistance1 for he sometimes would be able to seize the cord immediately the dog began feathering1 and generally would have hold of it before you could have occasion to fire4 ,but the fault most difficult to cure in an old dog is a bad habit of ranging4 ,if1 as a youngster1 he has been permitted to beat as his fancy dictated1 and has not been instructed in looking to the gun for orders1 you will have great1 very great difficulty in reclaiming him4 ,probably he will have adopted a habit of running for a considerable distance up wind1 his experience having shown him that it is one way of finding birds1 but not having taught him that to seek for them by crossing the wind would be a better method4 ,curiously enough1 nature has given this systematic range to the stoat1#ej though1 happily for the poor rabbits1 it cannot carry a high nose1 and therefore the parallels on which it hunts are necessarily not far apart4 ,this interesting proceeding is occasionally witnessed by those keepers who injudiciously prefer their game-disturbing guns to their vermin-destroying traps4#ea ,page ,header3 ,,cheeta ,,and ,,antelopes4 #bhd4 ,the great advantage of teaching a dog to point the instant he is sensible of the presence of birds 7#bfj71 and of not creeping a foot further until he is directed by you1 is particularly apparent when birds are wild4 ,while he remains steady1 the direction of his nose will lead you to give a tolerable guess as to their whereabouts1 and you and your companion can keep quite wide of the dog 7one on each side71 and so approach the birds from both flanks4 ,they1 meanwhile1 finding themselves thus intercepted in three directions1 will probably lie so close as to afford a fair shot to1 at least1 one gun1 for they will not fail to see the dog and be awed by his presence4 ,raise your feet well off the ground1 to avoid making a noise4 ,walk quickly1 but with no unnecessary flourish of arms or gun4 ,they may fancy that you intend to pass by them3--a slow cautious step often raises their suspicions4 7,most sportsmen in the ,highlands prefer a low cap1 or a wide-awake1 to a hat2 one of the motives for this choice being that the wearer is less conspicuous1--not appearing so tall4 ,it is because he will not appear so tall that he thinks he can get nearer to a pack by approaching the birds up hill1 rather than by coming down upon them from a height4 ,many an old sportsman crouches when approaching wild birds47 ,as soon as you and your friend are in good positions1 you can motion to the dog to advance and flush the birds4 ,you should on no account halt on the way1 for the moment you stop they will fancy they are perceived1 and take wing4 ,it is by driving round and round1 constantly contracting the circle1 and never stopping1 that the bullock-cart1 carrying the trained cheeta1 is often brought within #ajj yards of the herd of antelopes1 amidst which is unsuspiciously browsing the doomed dark buck4#eb ,driven directly towards the herd1 the cart could not approach within thrice that distance4 ,in ,yorkshire1 very late in the season1 when the grouse are so scared that they will not allow a dog or man to get near them1 it often happens that a good bag is made by the gun keeping just ahead of a cart and horse4 ,here1 however1 no circuit is made4 ,the birds are found by chance4 ,the only dog employed is the retriever1 kept in the cart until he is required to fetch4 #bhe4 ,you must not1 however1 too often try to work round and head your pupil when he is pointing4 ,judgment is required to know when to do it with advantage4 ,if the birds were running1 you would completely throw him out1 and greatly puzzle and discourage him1 for they probably would then rise out of shot1 behind you1 if they were feeding up wind1--behind him1 if they were feeding down wind4#ec ,far more frequently make him work out the scent by his own sagacity and nose1 and lead you up to the birds1 every moment bristling more and more1 at a pace#ed entirely controlled and regulated by your signals4 ,these being given with your right hand will be more apparent to him if you place yourself on his left side4 ,it is in this manner that you give him a lesson which will hereafter greatly aid him in recovering slightly winged birds1--in pressing to a rise the slow-winged but nimble-heeled rail1--or in minutely following the devious mazes through which an old cock-pheasant1 or yet more1 an old cock-grouse1 may endeavour to mislead him4 ,and yet this lesson should not be given before he is tolerably confirmed at his point1 lest he should push too fast on the scent2 and make a rush more like the dash of a cocker than the sober1 convenient road of a setter4 ,as his experience increases he will thus acquire the valuable knowledge of the position of his game3--he will lead you to the centre of a covey1 or what is of greater consequence--as grouse spread--to the centre of a pack1 7instead of allowing himself to be attracted to a flank by some truant from the main body71 and thus get you a good double shot1 and enable you effectually to separate the birds3--he will1 moreover1 become watchful1 and sensible of his distance from game--a knowledge all-important1 and which1 be it remarked1 he never could gain in turnips or potatoes1 or any thick cover4 #bhf4 ,mr4 ,c----s ,r----n1 well known in ,edinburgh1 told me that a black and tan pointer of his 7,admiral ,m----y's breed7 gave1 on one occasion1 a very clever proof of his knowledge of the distance at which he ought to stand from his game4 ,he was ranging in thick stubble4 ,some partridge1 being slightly alarmed1 rose a little above the ground1 and then dropped very near the dog1--upon which the sagacious creature instantly crouched close to the ground1 his head between his fore-legs1 and in that constrained position ventre--terre1 pushed himself backwards until he had retreated to what he conceived to be a judicious distance from the covey1 when he stood up and pointed boldly4 ,page ,header3 ,,vexatious ,,stanchness4 #bhg4 ,there is another and yet stronger reason why you should not consider it a rule always to head your young dog at his point4 ,you may--although at first it seems an odd caution to give--make him too stanch4 ,this1 to be sure1 signifies less with partridges than with most birds2 but if you have ever seen your dog come to a fixed point1 and there1 in spite of all your efforts1 remain provokingly immoveable--plainly telling you of the vicinity of birds1 but that you must find them out for yourself--your admiration of his steadiness has1 ,i think1 by no means reconciled you to the embarrassing position in which it has placed you4 ,i have often witnessed this vexatious display of stanchness1 although the owner cheered on the dog in a tone loud enough to alarm birds two fields off4 #bhh4 ,a keeper will sometimes praise his dog for such stanchness2 but it is a great fault1 induced probably by over-severity for former rashness1--and the more difficult to be cured1 if the animal is a setter1 from the crouching position which he often naturally assumes when pointing4 ,page ,header3 ,,instances ,,of ,,fine ,,roading4 #bhi4 ,a friend of mine was told by ,mr4 ,c----t 7to whom those interested in the prosperity of the ,edinburgh ,zoological ,gardens ought to feel much indebted71 that a little pointer bitch of his came1 on a hot1 dry1 bad scenting day1 to a fixed point4 ,he could not persuade her to move1 nor could he or his friend spring any game2 and two not bad-nosed dogs that were hunting with her would not acknowledge the scent1 even when they were brought close to the bitch4 ,as she would neither advance nor retire1 he actually had her carried off in a boy's arms4 ,when she was put down1 away she ran and resumed her point4 ,after another ineffectual attempt to raise birds1 again she was borne off1 but only to take up for a third time her point4 ,at length1 after a yet closer search--in which1 however1 she still refused to join1--a young blackcock was perceived closely buried under a thick piece of heather4 ,the very excellence of the bitch's nose1 and her admirable perseverance1 made it the more vexatious that she had not been taught the meaning of the signals to advance4 ,one grieves that anything should have been neglected in the education of so superior a creature4 #bij4 ,i advised 7#bhe7 your practising your young dog in footing out a scent4 ,though it occurred many years ago1 ,i remember as if it were but yesterday 7from my annoyance at shooting so execrably1 when it was peculiarly incumbent on me not to miss71 my nearly making a sad mistake with a very young dog1 who was following up a retreating bird most magnificently4 ,illustration3 ,,carrying ,a ,,point1 ,,and ,,carrying ,a ,,pointer4--,par4 #bhi4 #bia4 ,i was looking for grouse where ,i thought that there might be some1 but was sure there could not be many4 ,after beating for a considerable time unsuccessfully1 the youngest of the dogs that were hunting made a stanch point4 ,i got up to him2--nothing rose4 ,i encouraged him to press on4 ,he did so1 and at a convenient pace which allowed me to keep parallel with him4 ,he so seldom stopped1 and bristled so little1 that ,i thought he was making a fool of me4 ,still1 as he now and then looked round sagaciously1 as if to say ,there really is game ahead1 ,i did not like to tell him of my suspicions4 ,though my patience was sorely tried1 for he led me a distance which ,i dare not name1 ,i resolved to let him have his own way1 and to see what would be the result1 satisfied that undue precipitance on my part might effect more evil than could arise from an erroneous participation in his proceedings4 ,at length1 when my good resolutions were all but exhausted1 and ,i was thinking of chiding the dog for his folly1 we approached a bare spot1 free from heather3--up sprung a noble cock-grouse1 challenging splendidly4 #bib4 ,i had been so perplexed1 and was1 ,i am ashamed to say1 so unnerved1 that1 though the bird went off in a line directly from me1 ,i missed him with both barrels2 ,i don't know when ,i was more vexed3--nothing but my bungling lost the young dog the reward he so richly deserved4 ,page ,header3 ,,over-,,caution4 #bic4 ,i recount this story1 though it is little in my favour1 to warn you against the too common error of fancying that a young dog is making false points if birds do not get up directly4 ,they may have taken leg-bail1 and thus have puzzled him in his inexperience4 ,dogs not cowed by punishment will1 after a little hunting1 seldom make false points1 while they are unfatigued4 ,to a certainty they will not draw upon a false point for any distance3 therefore1 never punish what is solely occasioned by over-caution4 ,your doing so would but increase the evil4 ,self-confidence and experience are the only cures for a fault that would be a virtue if not carried to excess4 ,even a good dog will occasionally make a point at larks from over-caution when birds are wild2 but see the first note to #aid4 #bid4 ,after you have shot over a dog a short time1 his manner and attitude will enable you to guess pretty accurately whether birds are really before him2 whether they are far off or near2 and whether or not they are on the move4 ,generally speaking1 the higher he carries his head1 and the less he stiffens his stern1 the further off are the birds4 ,if he begin to look nervous1 and become fidgety1 you will seldom be wrong in fancying they are on the run4 ,but various1 and at times most curious1 are the methods that dogs will adopt1 apparently with the wish to show you where the birds are1 and certainly with the desire to get you a shot4 #bie4 ,a pointer1 belonging at the present moment to a nobleman in ,perthshire1 ,lord ,m----d1 7from whose lips my informant heard the strange story71 has quite a novel mode of telling that birds are on the move4 ,while they continue quiet1 he points them in the usual manner1 with his head towards them1 but so soon as they begin to walk off1 he directly faces about1 very disrespectfully presenting his stern to them1--whether to express contempt for their want of courtesy1 or to warn his lordship to look out for a long shot1 ,i will leave you to decide4#ee ,i particularly inquired if he did this indifferently1 whether the birds were running up or down wind4 ,this my informant could not positively tell4 ,all he knew was that his lordship had said1 in a general way1 that the singularly mannered animal invariably repeated this eccentric proceeding whenever the birds moved4 #bif4 ,not only will a dog's manner often show you whether or not birds are on the move1 but his carriage1 when you are accustomed to him1 will frequently tell you what species of game is before him4 ,i know an old pointer that is capital in light cover4 ,his owner shoots rabbits over him1 and whenever the dog finds one1 though he points steadily1 his tail vibrates as regularly as a pendulum4 ,page ,header3 ,,first ,,blackcock4 #big4 ,years ago1 when ,i was shooting in the ,north1 ,i was crossing some land which the encroachments of husbandry had converted from wild heather to profitable sheep-walks2 suddenly a young dog that was with me came to a more rigid point than ,i had ever seen him make--every muscle appeared distended--,i was puzzled--,i felt satisfied that he had winded something very unusual1 but what to expect ,i could not imagine1 for there seemed not cover for a tomtit4 ,when ,i got up to him he was so nervously anxious that ,i had some difficulty in making him advance1 but at length he slowly brought me towards a small bush1 to which he nailed his nose4 ,further he would not proceed4 ,i kicked the bush2 when1 to my great gratification1 up gradually rose a young blackcock1 which went off to killing distance with a flight not more rapid than that of the florikin4 ,it was the first black game that the dog had ever seen4 ,it was also the first that ,i had ever seen on the wing1 and this may account for all the attendant circumstances being so strongly impressed upon my memory4 #bih4 ,colonel ,c----n1 on the staff of the ,duke of ,c----e1 told me that about ten years ago he heard a gentleman1 then living on the ,mall at ,birr1 make a bet of a pony 7he offered to wager a much larger sum7 that his terrier bitch would point all the kinds of game found in the neighbouring bog--and further1 that before it was sprung he would name what description of game the dog was pointing4 ,the gentleman won his bet handsomely1 though they found snipe1 woodcock1 grouse1 hare1 and something else1--as well as ,colonel ,c----n now remembers1--a duck4 ,it was soon evident to the spectators1 that the attitude of the clever animal--short-eared1 with a considerable cross of the bull-dog--varied according to the nature of the game she came across4 ,to an ,english ear shooting on a bog does not sound very attractive1--but though the walking is generally difficult1 the sport is often interesting1 from the variety of game the sportsman frequently meets with4 ,,chapter ,,xi4 ,,first ,,lesson ,,in ,,september ,,concluded4 ,,bar4--,,leg ,,strap4--,,spike-,,collar4 #bii4 ,bar cure for too high spirits4 ,a leg strapped up4 ,why these remedies are better than starvation and excessive work4--#cjj4 ,the regular ,spike-,collar described4 ,french ,spike-,collar4--#cja4 ,one less objectionable4--#cjb to #cje4 ,how1 in extreme cases1 the ,spike-collar might be employed4--#cjf4 ,dog springing ,birds without noticing them2 how to be treated4--#cjg4 ,the first ,birds fired at to be killed outright2 the ,search for winged ,birds1 ,dog being to leeward4--#cjh4 ,had the ,dog seized4 ,firing at running ,bird4--#cji4 ,the ,search for winged ,bird1 ,dog being to windward4--#caj4 ,lifting a ,dog1 when recommended4 ,footing a scent4 ,in ,note1 speed of ,red-legged ,partridge4--#caa4 ,evil of a ,young ,sportsman always thinking his birds killed outright2 often calls away ,dog improperly4--#cab4 ,loss of dead bird discouraging to ,dog4--#cac4 ,perseverance in ,seeking1 how fostered4--#cad4 ,nosing ,bird allowed4--#cae4 ,its advantage instanced in ,sir ,w----m ,f----n's dogs4--#caf4 ,error of picking up winged bird before ,loading4 ,in ,notes1 ingenious ,argument in its favour2 ,bird picked up in the ,evening2 rejoins ,covey4--#cag4 ,if winged bird be a fast runner1 and out of shot4--#cah4 ,dog that was devoted to seeking dead1 would retrieve ,snipe she would not point2 probable cause of her fondness for retrieving4--#cai4 ,dog which kept his paw on winged bird2 how taught4 ,beppo in ,africa4--#cbj4 ,blenheim1 which hated ,water1 yet would always retrieve ,wildfowl4--#cba4 ,if dog rashes forward yet yields to menaces and stops4--#cbb4 ,if he seizes the dead bird2 if he has torn it4--#cbc4 ,how to administer ,punishment4--#cbd4 ,part good friends4 ,your own temper not to be ruffled4--#cbe4 ,he is no ,breaker who cannot always get hold of ,dog4--#cbf4 ,be certain of ,dog's guilt before punishing4--#cbg4 ,dog's ,ears not to be pulled violently4--#cbh4 ,to drop whenever ,bird or ,hare rises4--#cbi4 ,lesson in ,turnips4--#ccj4 ,real ,lesson in ,gone or ,flown given after dog has had some experience2 reason why4 #bii4 ,after a few trials you will1 ,i hope1 be able to dispense with the peg recommended in #bha1 and soon after with the checkcord also4 ,but if your dog possesses unusually high spirits1 or if he travels over the ground at a pace which obviously precludes his making a proper use of his nose1 it may be advisable to fasten to his collar a bar1 something like a diminutive splinter-bar1 that it may1 by occasional knocking against his shins1 feelingly admonish him to lessen his stride4 ,if he gets it between his legs and thus finds it no annoyance1 attach it to both sides of his collar from points near the extremities4 ,one of his fore-legs might occasionally be passed through the collar2 but this plan is not so good as the other2 nor as the strap on the hind-leg 7#fj74 ,these means 7to be discarded1 however1 as soon as obedience is established7 are far better than the temporary ascendancy which some breakers establish by low diet and excessive work1 which would only weaken his spirits and his bodily powers1 without eradicating his self-will1 or improving his intellects4 ,you want to force him1 when he is in the highest health and vigour1 to learn by experience the advantage of letting his nose dwell longer on a feeble scent4 ,page ,header3 ,,bar4 ,,french ,,spike-,,collar4 #cjj4 ,i have made no mention of the spiked-collar1 because it is a brutal instrument1 which none but the most ignorant or unthinking would employ4 ,it is a leather collar into which nails1 much longer than the thickness of the collar have been driven1 with their points projecting inwards4 ,the ,french spike-collar is nearly as severe4 ,it is formed of a series of wooden balls1--larger than marbles1--linked 7about two and a half inches apart7 into a chain by stiff wires bent into the form of hooks4 ,the sharp pointed hooks punish cruelly when the checkcord is jerked4 ,page ,header3 ,,english ,,spiked-,,collar4 #cja4 ,we have1 however1 a more modern description of collar1 which is far less inhuman than either of those ,i have mentioned1 but still ,i cannot recommend its adoption1 unless in extreme cases2 for though not so severely1 it1 likewise1 punishes the unfortunate dog1 more or less1 by the strain of the checkcord he drags along the ground3 and it ought to be the great object of a good breaker as little as is possible to fret or worry his pupil1 that all his ideas may be engaged in an anxious wish to wind birds4 ,on a leather strap1 which has a ring at one end1 four wooden balls 7of about two inches diameter7 are threaded like beads1 at intervals from each other and the ring1 say1 of two inches 7the exact distance being dependent on the size of the dog's throat74 ,into each of the balls sundry short thickish pieces of wire are driven1 leaving about one-sixth of an inch beyond the surface4 ,the other end of the strap 7to which the checkcord is attached7 is passed through the ring4 ,this ring being of somewhat less diameter than the balls1 it is clear1 however severely the breaker may pull1 he cannot compress the dog's throat beyond a certain point4 ,the effect of the short spikes is rather to crumple than penetrate the skin4 #cjb4 ,i have long been sensible of the aid a spiked-collar would afford in reclaiming headstrong1 badly educated dogs1 if it could be used at the moment--and only at the precise moment--when punishment was required2 but not until lately did it strike me how the collar could be carried so that the attached cord should not constantly bear upon it1 and thereby worry1 if not pain the dog4 ,and had ,i again to deal with an old offender1 who incorrigibly crept in after pointing1 or obstinately rushed into dead1 ,i should feel much disposed to employ a slightly spiked collar in the following manner4 #cjc4 ,that the mere carrying the collar might not annoy the dog1 ,i would extract or flatten the nails fixed on the top of the collar1 on the part1 ,i mean1 that would lie on the animal's neck4 ,this collar ,i would place on his neck1 in front of his common light collar4 ,i would then firmly fasten the checkcord1 in the usual way1 to the spiked-collar2 but1 to prevent any annoyance from dragging the checkcord1 at about five or six inches from the fastening just made ,i would attach it to the common collar1 with very slight twine--twine so slight that1 although it would not give way to the usual drag of the checkcord1 however long1 yet it would readily break on my having to pull strongly against the wilful rush of an obstinate dog1 when1 of course1 the spikes would punish him1 as the strain would then be borne by the spiked-collar alone4 #cjd4 ,guided by circumstances1 ,i would afterwards either remove the spiked-collar1 or1 if ,i conceived another bout necessary1 refasten the checkcord to the common collar with some of the thin twine1 leaving1 as before1 five or six inches of the checkcord loose between the two collars4 #cje4 ,if you should ever consider yourself forced to employ a spiked-collar1 do not thoughtlessly imagine that the same collar will suit all dogs4 ,the spikes for a thin-coated pointer ought to be shorter than for a coarse-haired setter6 ,you can easily construct one to punish with any degree of severity you please4 ,take a common leather collar2 lay its inner surface flat on a soft deal board3 through the leather drive with a hammer any number of tacks or flat-headed nails3 then get a cobbler to sew on another strap of leather at the back of the nails1 so as to retain them firmly in position4 ,page ,header3 ,,dog ,,not ,,noticing ,,birds4 #cjf4 ,i have supposed that your dog has scented the birds before they rose1 but if he spring them without having previously noticed them 7as in some rare cases happens even to well-bred dogs7 you must bring him back to the spot at which you feel assured that he ought to have been sensible of their presence1 and there make him ,toho4 ,afterwards endeavour to make him aware of the haunt by encouraging him to sniff at the ground that the birds have just left4 ,the next time watch very carefully for the slightest indication of his feathering and then instantly call out ,toho4 ,after a few times he will1 to a certainty1 understand you4 ,page ,header3 ,,bird ,,run ,,to ,,windward4 #cjg4 ,you should kill outright the few first birds at which you fire4 ,i would infinitely prefer that you should miss altogether1 than that one of the two or three first birds should be a runner4 ,afterwards you have full leave to merely wing a bird2 but still ,i should wish it not to be too nimble4 ,this is a good trial of your judgment as well as the dog's4 ,i hope he is to leeward of the bird1 and that it will not catch his eye4 ,see he touches on the haunt4 ,do not let him work with his nose to the ground4 ,up1 up1 must be your encouraging words 7or ,on1 on1 according to circumstances71 whilst with your right hand 7,,iv4 of #ada7 you are alternately urging and restraining him1 so as to make him advance at a suitable pace4 ,from his previous education1 not being flurried by any undue dread of the whip1 he will be enabled to give his undisturbed attention1 and devote all his faculties to follow unerringly the retreating bird4 ,but from inexperience he may wander from the haunt4 ,on perceiving this1 bring him1 by signals1 back to the spot where he was apparently last aware of the scent4 ,he will again hit it off4 ,if you view the bird ever so far ahead1 on no account run4 ,i hope you will at length observe it lie down4 ,head it1 if possible1 and strike it with your whip1 if you think you will be unable to seize it with your hand4 ,endeavour to prevent its fluttering away2--it is too soon to subject the youngster to such a severe trial of his nerves and steadiness4 ,then1 7having put the poor creature out of its misery1 by piercing its skull1 or rapping its head against your gun17 as before 7#bff71 show your dog the gratifying prize which your combined exertions have gained4 #cjh4 ,should he unluckily have caught sight of the running bird1 and1 in spite of all your calls1 have rushed forward and seized it1 you ought to have proceeded as described in #cbb4 ,clearly1 however1 you would not have dragged the dog back to the place where he down charged1 but merely to the spot from which he had made his unlawful rush4 ,if the bird had been very active1 it would have been far better to have fired at it a second time 7while it was running71 than to have incurred the risk of making your dog unsteady by a wild pursuit4 ,suppose that it was not winged1 but rose again on your approaching it1 and fluttered off1--a hard trial for the young dog1--you must1 however1 have made him bear it1 and obey your loud command to drop1--you would 7or should7 have taken another shot1 and have proceeded in exactly the same manner as if this had been your first find 7#bfe1 #bff74 ,page ,header3 ,,bird ,,run ,,to ,,leeward4 #cji4 ,as the wounded bird was to windward of the dog1 the course to follow was obvious1--it was plain sailing2 but the case would have varied greatly if the dog had been to windward4 ,had you pursued the usual plan1 he must have roaded the bird by the foot2 and the danger is1 that in allowing him to do so you may create in him the evil habit of hunting with his nose close to the ground1 which is above all things to be deprecated4 ,you have another mode--you can lift the dog 7,i suppose you know the meaning of that hunting term71 and make him take a large circuit1 and so head the bird1 and then proceed as if it had fallen to windward4 ,page ,header3 ,,persevere ,,in ,,seeking4 #caj4 ,the latter plan would avoid all risk of your making him a potterer1 and it is1 ,i think1 to be recommended if you find him naturally inclined to hunt low4 ,but the former method1 as a lesson in footing1 must be often resorted to1 that he may learn unhesitatingly to distinguish the heel from the toe1 and how to push an old cock-grouse1 or to flush a pheasant running through cover1 or the red-legged1 ,i was nearly saying1 the everlasting-legged partridge2#ef and1 indeed1 generally1 how to draw upon his birds1 and with confidence lead you to a shot when they are upon the move and running down wind4 7,see end of #aae2 and for further directions1 and for seeking dead with two dogs1 look at #edd74 ,the heavy ,spanish pointer1 from his plodding perseverance and great olfactory powers1 was an excellent hand at retrieving a slightly injured bird on a broiling1 bad scenting day4 #caa4 ,when ,i advised you 7#bff7 to let the dog have plenty of time to make out the bird1 ,i spoke from personal experience1 and from a vivid recollection of errors committed in my novitiate4 ,a young hand is too apt to imagine that every bird which falls to his gun is killed outright1 and lying dead on the spot where it fell4 ,he will1 therefore1 often impatiently1 and most injudiciously1 call away the dog who1 at a little distance1 may have hit off the trail of the winged bird1 and be footing it beautifully4 #cab4 ,if in these lessons you should fail in obtaining one or two wounded birds1 though it might not be a matter of any moment to yourself personally1 it would be extremely vexatious on the dog's account1 because1 in this early stage of his education1 it would tend to discourage him4 ,the feeling which you must anxiously foster in him is this1 that after the word ,find#eg the search must never be relinquished1 even though he be constrained to hunt from morning till night4 ,and it is clear that to make an abiding1 valuable impression1 this lesson must be inculcated on the several first occasions with unremitting1 untiring diligence4 ,page ,header3 ,,allow ,,him ,,to ,,nose4 #cac4 ,persevere1 therefore1 for an hour1 rather than give up a wounded bird4 ,join in the search yourself4 ,even if you see where it lies1 do not pick it up hastily4 ,on the contrary1 leave it1 but mark well the spot4 ,keep on the move4 ,hold your gun as if in expectation of a rise4 ,pretend to seek for the bird in every direction1 even for a good half hour1 if you can encourage your dog to hunt so long4 ,if1 indeed1 you see him flag1 and get wearied and dispirited1 gradually bring him close1 but to leeward of the spot where the bird lies1 in order to make him point dead1 and be rewarded for all his diligence by finding it himself4 ,let him1 also1 have a good sniff at it and nose it 7but let there be no biting or mouthing71 before you put it into the bag4 ,otherwise1 what return has he for the pains he has taken8 ,page ,header3 ,,search ,,for ,,hours4 #cad4 ,it is no conclusive argument against the practice of allowing him to nose1 that many first-rate dogs have never been so indulged4 ,it is certain that they would not have been worse if they had2 and many a dog1 that would otherwise have been extremely slack1 has been incited to hunt with eagerness from having been so rewarded4 ,there are dogs who1 from having been constantly denied all touseling1 will not even give themselves the trouble of searching for any bird which they have seen knocked over1 much less think of pointing it4 ,they seem satisfied with this ocular evidence of its death2 for1 odd to say1 these very dogs will often zealously obey the order to hunt for any bird whose fall they have not noticed2 but in winding it they will indulge in no more than a passing sniff1--which sniff1 unless you are watchful1 you may not observe1 and so lose your bird4 ,never fail1 therefore1 to let your pupil ruffle the feathers#eh a little1 while you bestow on him a caress or a kind word of approbation4 ,you then incite to perseverance1 by1 even with dogs1 a very abiding motive1--self-interest2 but mind the important rule1 that this nosing be only when the bird is in your possession1 not before it is in your possession4 ,if you wish to establish for ever a confirmed perseverance in seeking dead1 you must sacrifice hours 7,i say it seriously7 rather than give up any of the first wounded birds4 ,be persuaded that every half hour spent in an unremitting search for one bird1 if ultimately successful1 will more benefit the young dog than your killing a dozen to him1 should you bag them the moment you are reloaded4 ,of course you would not1 when you are giving such a lesson in perseverance1 fire at another bird1 even if it sprang at your feet1--for your doing so1 whether you missed or killed1 would unsettle the young dog1 and make him relinquish his search4 ,be stimulated to present exertion by the conviction that if he be not now well instructed1 you must expect him to lose1 season after season1 nearly every bird only slightly disabled by a merely tipped wing4 #cae4 ,i casually asked ,mr4 ,h----h what kind of sport he had had in ,aberdeenshire with ,sir ,w----m ,f----n4 ,he replied1 ,the pleasantest imaginable4 ,one day we killed forty-six brace1 and bagged every feather4 ,indeed1 ,f----n never loses a bird4 ,i have actually known him1 when his dogs were young1 spend a full half hour in hunting for a dead bird2 nothing would induce him to give up4 ,the consequence is1 that now he never loses one by any chance4 ,he broke in the dogs entirely himself3--he would seldom allow his keeper to say a word to them4 ,he was always very patient2 and he is well rewarded for his trouble4 ,why not take the same trouble and obtain a like reward8 ,this was true sport6 ,what battue-shooting could compare with it8 ,page ,header3 ,,load ,,before ,,you ,,bag4 #caf4 ,i hope you will not say1 as would most of our neighbours#ei on the other side of the ,channel3 ,but if1 instead of waiting to load1 ,i had gone after the winged bird just as it fell1 when first ,i saw it start off running1 the evil you have now spoken of 7#cab7 could not have occurred1 for there would have but been little risk of losing it4 ,probably not1 but you would have almost ruined your dog2 and to secure this one bird1 in all likelihood you would subsequently lose a hundred4#fj ,how could you with justice blame him if1 when next you killed1 he rushed headlong after the bird 7instead of dropping patiently to the down charge71 and so sprung a dozen birds while you were unloaded8 #cag4 ,perhaps you will say1 ,you tell me to fire at a running bird1 but when a winged cock-pheasant or red-legged partridge is racing off out of shot1 how am ,i to get it1 if ,i proceed in the slow1 methodical manner you advise8 ,may it not lead me an unsuccessful dance for an hour1 if ,i do not allow the dog to start ahead and seize8 ,it may1 7but ,i hope months will pass before you witness such agility72 and this shows that those who do not employ a retriever1 and yet are sticklers for a setter's 7or pointer's7 never being permitted to touch a feather1 must on such occasions get into a dilemma2 and1 unless they are willing to lose the bird1 must plead guilty to the inconsistency of being pleased--however loudly they may roar out ,toho1 ware dead1--when they see their dog1 in defiance of all such calls1 disable it by a sudden grip4 ,this plan1 though frequently followed1 cannot be correct4 ,they blame the dog for doing what they really wish1 and if he be too tender-mouthed to injure the bird1 he keeps them at top speed1 while he is alternately picking up the unfortunate creature1 acting on his natural impulses1--and letting it fall on being rated4 ,i therefore repeat1 that even if you do not wish your dog constantly to retrieve 7#ecf71 you would still act judiciously in teaching him as a puppy to fetch 7#if71 for then he will give chase to the winged bird1 and bring it to you on getting the order1 instead of permitting it to escape for a fresh burst1 or carrying it off1 as ,i have seen done4 ,you thus maintain discipline4 ,the dog will do what you wish1 in obedience to orders1--not in opposition to orders4 ,the sticklers for dogs never being allowed to nose a feather1 ought1 unless they are willing to give up slightly winged birds1 not to shrink from the difficult task of teaching their pupils to stop and retain with their paws 7#cai74 ,page ,header3 ,,perseverance ,,instanced4 #cah4 ,the pertinacity with which some dogs will seek dead is really surprising4 ,a relative of mine had an ,english pointer which was so devoted to hunting for knocked-down birds1 that she was almost unequalled in finding1 though in other respects possessed of very ordinary qualifications4 ,if she failed in soon winding the lost bird1 she would of her own accord make a large circuit2 and if still unsuccessful1 she would indefatigably traverse the field from leeward until some slight taint in the atmosphere intimated to her in what direction to continue the search4 ,when he afterwards hunted her in ,ireland1 though he could not get her to point snipe1 yet if he killed one1 she would exert herself to the utmost to retrieve it4 ,her keenness probably in part arose from her having1 as a young one1 always been indulged with a good touseling of the game before it was picked up4 ,she never wished to grip4 ,page ,header3 ,,bird ,,held ,,by ,,paw4 #cai4 ,a gentleman who was my neighbour a few seasons ago1 has a very old setter1 which was also capital at finding4 ,don used to lay his paw upon the wounded bird1 which1 ,i fancy1 afforded him such gratification that he would zealously devote every faculty he possessed to secure the prize4 ,you could not teach every dog this method of detaining a bird4 ,if yours is one of a very docile disposition you may effect it by always placing the dead or wounded bird for a minute or two under his paw before you deposit it in the bag4 #cbj4 ,an officer of the ,navy1 ,mr4 ,w----b1 of ,southsea1 once possessed a true ,blenheim--naturally a tender breed--that1 from having been injudiciously thrown into the water when young 7see #ajd71 had taken such a dislike to the element1 that although she was extremely attached to her master1 and always anxious to be with him1 especially when he shouldered his gun1 yet the moment she saw him appear with a towel in hand 7feeling assured he purposed bathing71 she would bolt off1 and allow nothing to persuade her to accompany him4 ,now1 great as was her abhorrence of a cold bath1 yet her gratification in retrieving so far outweighed every other feeling1 that for the moment it overcame her aversion to a plunge1 and whenever ,mr4 ,w----b shot a duck she would dash in to bring it on shore4 ,she would carefully deposit it at the edge of the bank1 but not carry it a step further4 ,rose had secured it1 and that was the extent of her wishes4 #cba4 ,we have only spoken of instances #bff1 #cjg1 #cji1 in which all has gone on smoothly1 the dog most obediently dropping to shot and permitting you to take up the bird notwithstanding the poor creature's death-struggles4 ,suppose1 however1 and this may probably happen1 that he does not restrain himself at the down charge1 but1 in spite of all your calls and signals1 rushes forward1 yet yields to your menaces and halts in mid-career4 ,it is well--your course is clear2 you have to lug him back1 and threaten1 and lecture him4 ,but should he not check himself until he sniffs the game1 his stop then becomes a point2 and if he is of a timid disposition1 or has ever evinced any disposition to blink1 you dare not force him to retrace his steps1 lest he should mistake your motives1 and fancy himself encouraged to abandon his point4 ,if you merely make him down charge1 you violate the axiom named in #cei4 ,in short1 you are in a difficulty4 ,it is a nice case1 in which your own judgment of the dog's character can alone decide you4 ,page ,header3 ,,bird ,,seized4 #cbb4 ,but1 if from inadequate initiatory instruction--for ,i will maintain that such marked rebellion can arise from no other cause--in the excitement of the moment he actually rushes in and seizes the bird1 he must be punished1 ,i am sorry to say it2 but however much we may deplore it1 he must2 for he has been guilty of great disobedience1 and he well knows that he has been disobedient4 ,but the temptation was strong1 perhaps too strong for canine nature1--that is to say1 for canine nature not early taught obedience4 ,the wounded bird was fluttering within sight and hearing3--it was1 too1 the first he had ever seen1--and this is almost his first glaring act of disobedience3 be merciful1 though firm4 ,make him drop4 ,get up to him at once4 ,probably he will relinquish his grip of the bird2 if not1 make him give it up to you1 but do not pull it from him3 that would only increase the temptation to tear it4 ,lay it on the ground4 ,then drag him back to the spot from which he rushed2 there make him lie down4 ,rate him4 ,call out ,toho4#fa ,crack the whip over him--and1 ,i am pained to add1 make use of it--but moderately1 not severely4 ,three or four cuts will be enough1 provided he has not torn the bird2 if he has1 his chastisement must be greater4 ,let him now have one nibble without punishment1 and soon a whole carcass will not suffice for his morning's meal4 ,do not strike him across the body1 but lengthwise4 ,page ,header3 ,,punishment ,,how ,,administered4 #cbc4 ,an ill-tempered dog might attempt to bite you4 ,prevent the possibility of his succeeding1 by grasping and twisting his collar with your left hand1 still keeping him at the down4 ,consider coolly whether you are flagellating a thick-coated dog1 or one with a skin not much coarser than your own4 ,pause between each cut2 and that he may comprehend why he is punished1 call out several times1 but not loudly1 ,toho--bad--toho1 and crack your whip4 ,let your last strokes be milder and milder1 until they fall in the gentlest manner--a manner more calculated to awaken reflection than give pain4 ,when the chastisement is over1 stand close in front of him1 the better to awe him1 and prevent his thinking of bolting4 ,put the whip quietly into your pocket1 but still remain where you are1 occasionally rating him and scolding him while you are loading2 gradually1 however1 becoming milder in manner1 that he may be sensible that1 though your dissatisfaction at his conduct continues1 his punishment is over 7#cdb to #cdg74 ,indeed1 if you have any fear of his becoming too timid1 you may at length fondle him a little1 provided that while you so re-encourage him1 you continue to say ,toho--toho1 most impressively--then1 giving him the wind1 go up together to the bird1 and make him point dead close to it4 ,take it up1 and let him fumble the feathers before you loop it on the bag4 ,page ,header3 ,,part ,,good ,,friends4 #cbd4 ,never let a dog whom you have been forced to chastise bolt or creep away until you order him4 ,if he is ever allowed to move off at his wish1 he will improve upon the idea1 and on the next occasion will far too soon anticipate yours4 ,and do not send him off1 until he has given some evidence of having forgiven you1 and of his desire to be reconciled1 by crawling towards you1 for instance1 or wagging his tail4 ,on no occasion--under circumstances of ever such great provocation--be so weak or irritable 7but ,i hope you do not need the warning7 as to give him a kick or a blow when he is going off4 ,he ought to have stood with reassured confidence alongside of you1 for perhaps a minute or so1 before you sanctioned his departure2 and the severer his punishment the longer should have been the detention4 ,you are always to part tolerable friends1 while he feels perfectly convinced that his chastisement is over4 ,if you do not1 you may find it rather difficult to catch him when he commits another fault4 ,it will be owing to your own injudiciousness if he ever become afraid of approaching you after making a blunder4 ,should he be so1 sit down4 ,he will gradually draw near you2 then quietly put your hand on his collar4 #cbe4 ,if a man cannot readily get hold of any dog under his tuition whom he desires to rate or punish1 you may be certain that he fails either in temper or judgment2 perhaps in both4 ,he may be an excellent man1 but he cannot be a good dog-breaker4 ,there are men who get quite enraged at a dog's not coming instantly to heel on being called4 ,when at length the poor brute does come within reach1 he gets a blow1 perhaps a licking--a blow or licking1 he has the sense to see he should have longer avoided had he stayed longer away4 ,thus the punishment increases instead of remedying the evil4 ,page ,header3 ,,proof ,,before ,,punishment4 #cbf4 ,never correct or even rate a dog1 in the mere belief that he is in error2 be first convinced of his guilt4 ,if you have good reason to suspect that1 unseen by you1 he has wilfully sprung birds1 still rather give him an earnest caution than any severer rebuke4 ,it is not easy to repair the mischief occasioned by unjust punishment4 ,when from his sheepish look1 or any other cause1 you imagine that he has raised game1 either through heedlessness1 or from their being unusually wild1 be sure to give him a short lecture1 and accompany him to the haunt4 ,a lingering bird may occasionally reward you4 ,if his manner has led you to form an incorrect opinion1 your warning can have no other effect than to increase his caution 7rarely an undesirable result72 and if you are right1 the admonition is obviously most judicious4 #cbg4 ,let me caution you against the too common error of punishing a dog by pulling his ears4 ,it has often occasioned bad canker4 ,some men are of opinion that it is frequently the cause of premature deafness4 ,when you rate him you may lay hold of an ear and shake it1 but not with violence4 #cbh4 ,i would strongly recommend you always to make your young dog drop for half a minute or so1 when he sees a hare2 or when he hears a bird rise4#fb ,to effect this1 stand still yourself4 ,after a few seconds you can either hie him on1 or1 which is yet better1 get close to him if you expect other birds to spring4 ,you will thus1 especially in potatoes or turnips1 often obtain shots at birds which would have made off1 had he continued to hunt1 and early in the season be frequently enabled to bag the tail-bird of a covey4 ,this plan will also tend to make him cautious1 and prevent his getting a habit of blundering-up birds1 and cunningly pretending not to have noticed their escape4 ,it will also make him less inclined to chase hares and rabbits1 or rush at a falling bird4 ,page ,header3 ,,lesson ,,in ,,turnips4 #cbi4 ,on approaching a piece of turnips1 you may have heard1 ,let us couple up all the dogs excepting ,old ,don2 the veteran's experience having shown him1 that the only effect of his thundering through them would be to scare every bird and make it rise out of shot4 ,you1 on the contrary1 when your pupil is well confirmed in his range1 and has some knowledge of his distance from game1 ought to wish the other dogs kept to ,heel 7especially when the seed has been broadcast71 that by the word ,care and the hand slightly raised1 you may instil into him the necessary caution1 and so1 by judicious tuition1 give him the benefit of your own experience4 ,most probably you would be obliged to employ the checkcord#fc which ,i presume to be always at hand ready for occasional use4 ,or you might strap your shot-belt round his throat1 for it is essential that he traverse such ground slowly1 and greatly contract his range1 7see #aig74 ,the several cross scents he will encounter should afford him a valuable lesson in detecting the most recent1 and in discriminating between the heel and toe of a run4 ,be patient1--give him time to work and consider what he is about4 ,it is probable that he will frequently overrun the birds on their doubling back1 and imagine that they are gone4 ,should he do so1 bring him again on the spot where he appeared to lose the scent4 ,he now rushes up the adjacent drill4 ,slower1 slower1 signals your right arm2 go no faster than ,i can walk comfortably4 ,on the other hand1 the birds may lie like stones4 ,not until you have remained nearly a minute alongside of him let him urge them to rise2 and make him effect this1 not by a sudden dash1 but by steadily pressing on the scent4 ,bear in mind1 as before warned 7#aic71 that the confidence with which he can here creep on to a near find may lead1 if he is now mismanaged1 to his springing on future occasions1 from want of care1 many a bird at which he ought to get you a shot4 ,page ,header3 ,,lesson ,,in ,,gone4 #ccj4 ,if you can contrive it1 let your pupil have some little experience in the field before you give him a real lesson in ,gone 7or ,flown74 ,instead of being perplexed1 he will then comprehend you4 ,should you1 therefore1 during the first few days of hunting him1 see birds make off1 in lieu of taking him to the haunt 7as many breakers erroneously do71 carefully keep him from the spot4 ,you cannot let him run riot over the reeking scent without expecting him to do the same when next he finds2 and if1 in compliance with your orders1 he points1 you are making a fool of him--there is nothing before him2 and if he does not fancy you as bewildered as himself1 he will imagine that the exhilarating effluvia he rejoices in is the sum total you both seek4 ,this advice1 at first sight1 may appear to contradict that given in #acb and #cjf2 but look again1 and you will find that those paragraphs referred to peculiar cases4 ,should your young dog be loitering and sniffing at a haunt which he has seen birds quit1 he cannot well mistake the meaning of your calling out1 ,gone1 gone4 ,,chapter ,,xii4 ,,shooting ,,hares4 ,,courage ,,imparted4--,,backing ,,taught4 #cca4 ,shooting ,hares not recommended2 shooting ,rabbits strongly condemned4 ,in ,note1 why superior ,grouse-,dog better than superior ,partridge-,dog4 ,dog brought from strange country always hunts to disadvantage4--#ccb4 ,put off killing ,hares long as possible4--#ccc4 ,dogs not to quit faint ,scent of ,birds for strong ,scent of ,hare4--#ccd4 ,dog off after ,hare2 no racing after ,dog2 ,puss gone down wind4--#cce4 ,checkcord employed4 ,drive in spike on ,so-ho-ing ,hare4--#ccf4 ,impropriety of ,firing at ,dog4--#ccg4 ,hares scarce1 visit ,rabbit-warren4--#cch4 ,morning1 hunt where no ,hares2 evening1 where plentiful4 ,mountain-hares4 ,in ,note1 how to choose1 and tell age of1 ,hares and ,rabbits4--#cci4 ,killing ,hare in its form4--#cdj4 ,shooting ,bird on ground4--#cda4 ,dog taught to pursue wounded ,hare4--#cdb4 ,whip carried1 saves punishment4 ,detention of ,dog at crouching posture1 saves whip4--#cdc4 ,pointer's revenge for detention from hunting4--#cdd4 ,few cuts1 but severe ones4--#cde4 ,instance of timidity cured4 ,range imparted by giving ,dog feet of ,partridge4 ,in ,note1 sinews of thigh dragged out4--#cdf4 ,punishment1 not defective ,nose1 causes ,blinking4--#cdg4 ,courage imparted to timid ,dogs4--#cdh4 ,dogs expect punishment for faults2 vexed when ,birds are not fired at4--#cdi4 ,instance of ,pointer's not hunting keenly until punished4--#cej4 ,what ,dog to select to teach yours to ,back4--#cea4 ,example has great influence4--#ceb4 ,instanced in conduct of young bitch when hunted with steady dog4 ,in ,note1 ,mare teaching ,colts to swim4--#cec4 ,backing old ,dog4--#ced4 ,finder to road to a rise2 his intrusive companion described4--#cee4 ,to ,back by ,eye1 not ,nose4--#cef4 ,encourage old ,dog before rating the other4--#ceg4 ,finder not to advance1 even if passed by other ,dog4--#ceh4 ,the ,backer should down charge4--#cei4 ,dog when pointing never to down charge2 how taught4--#cfj4 ,much required in ,dove4 ,page ,header3 ,,killing ,,rabbits ,,reprobated4 #cca4 ,probably you may be in a part of the country where you may wish to kill hares to your dog's point4 ,i will1 therefore1 speak about them1 though ,i confess ,i cannot do it with much enthusiasm4 ,ah6 my ,english friend1 what far happier autumns we should spend could we but pass them in the ,highlands6 ,then we should think little about those villanous hares 7#cch74 ,we should direct the whole undivided faculties of our dogs1 to work out the haunt of the noble grouse4#fd ,as for rabbits1 ,i beg we may have no further acquaintance1 if you ever1 even in imagination1 shoot them to your young dog4 ,should you be betrayed into so vile a practice1 you must resign all hope of establishing in him a confirmed systematic range4 ,he will degenerate into a low potterer1--a regular hedge-hunter4 ,in turnips he will always be thinking more of rabbits than birds4 ,it will be soon enough to shoot the little wretches to him when he is a venerable grandfather4 ,the youngster's noticing them 7which he would be sure to do if you had ever killed one to him7 might frequently lead to your mis-instructing him1 by earnestly enforcing ,care at a moment when you ought to rate him loudly with the command ,ware 7or ,no74 ,but to our immediate subject4 ,page ,header3 ,,shooting ,,hares4 #ccb4 ,defer as long as possible the evil day of shooting a hare over him1 that he may not get too fond 7#fi7 of such vermin--,i beg pardon1 ,i mean game--and when you do kill one1 so manage that he may not see it put into the bag4 ,on no account let him mouth it4 ,you want him to love the pursuit of feather more than of fur1 that he may never be taken off the faintest scent of birds by coming across the taint of a hare4 ,i therefore entreat you1 during his first season1 if you will shoot hares1 to fire only at those which you are likely to kill outright2 for the taint of a wounded hare is so strong that it would probably diminish his zeal1 and the sensitiveness of his nose1 in searching for a winged bird4 #ccc4 ,the temptation is always great to quit for a strong scent of hare 7which any coarse-nosed dog can follow71 a feeble one of birds2 therefore it is a very satisfactory test of good breaking to see a dog1 when he is drawing upon birds1 in no way interrupted by a hare having just crossed before him4 ,if you aim at such excellence1 and it is frequently attained in the ,highlands1 it is certain you must not shoot hares over your youngster4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,first ,,course4 ,page ,header3 ,,off ,,after ,,hare4 #ccd4 ,i hope that he will not see a hare before you have shot a few birds over him4 ,the first that springs up near him will test the perfection to which he has attained in his initiatory lessons4 ,lose not a moment4 ,it is most essential to restrain instantaneously the naturally strong impulse of the dog to run after four-footed game4 ,halloo out ,drop to the extent of your voice1--raise your hand1--crack your whip1--do all you can to prevent his pursuing4 ,of course you will not move an inch4 ,should he commence running1 thunder out ,no1 no4 ,if1 in spite of everything1 he bolts after the hare1 you have nothing for it but patience4 ,it is of no use to give yourself a fit of asthma by following him4 ,you have only half as many legs as he has1--a deficiency you would do well to keep secret from him as long as possible4 ,wait quietly where you are--for an hour if necessary4 ,you have one consolation1--puss1 according to her usual custom1 has run down wind1--your dog has lost sight of her1 and is1 ,i see1 with his nose to the ground1 giving himself an admirable lesson in roading out a haunt4 ,after a time he will come back looking rather ashamed of himself1 conscious that he did wrong in disobeying1 and vexed with himself from having more than a suspicion forced upon him1 that he cannot run so fast as the hare4 ,when he has nearly reached you1 make him drop4 ,scold him severely1 saying1 ,ware chase 7a command that applies to the chase of birds as well as of hares74 ,pull him to the place where he was when first he got a view of the hare1--make him lie down1--rate him well1--call out ,no1 or ,hare1 or ,ware chase1 or any word you choose1 provided you uniformly employ the same4 ,smack the whip and punish him with it1 but not so severely as you did when we assumed that he tore the bird 7end of #cbb74 ,you then flogged him for two offences3 first1 because he rushed in and seized the bird2 secondly1 because he tore it and tasted blood4 ,if you had not then punished him severely1 you could never have expected him to be tender-mouthed4 ,on the next occasion he might have swallowed the bird1 feathers and all4 ,page ,header3 ,,checkcord4 #cce4 ,should he persist in running after hares1 you must employ the checkcord4 ,if you see the hare1 at which he is pointing1 in its form1 drive a peg firmly into the ground1 and attach the cord to it1 giving him a few slack yards1 so that after starting off he may be arrested with a tremendous jerk4 ,fasten the line to the part of the spike close to the ground1 or he may pull it out4 #ccf4 ,i have known a dog to be arrested in a headlong chase by a shot fired at him3--an act which you will think yet more reprehensible than the previous mismanagement for which his owner apparently knew no other remedy than this hazardous severity4 #ccg4 ,when you are teaching your dog to refrain from chasing hares1 take him1 if you can1 where they are plentiful4 ,if they are scarce1 and you are in the neighbourhood of a rabbit-warren1 visit it occasionally of an evening4 ,he will there get so accustomed to see the little animals running about unpursued by either of you1 that his natural anxiety to chase fur1 whether it grow on the back of hare or rabbit1 will be gradually diminished4 ,page ,header3 ,,mountain-,,hares4 #cch4 ,in ,scotland there are tracts of heather where one may hunt for weeks together and not find a hare2 indeed1 it is commonly observed1 that hares are always scarce on those hills where grouse most abound4 ,in other parts they are extremely numerous4 ,some sportsmen in the ,highlands avail themselves of this contrasted ground1 in order to break a young dog from chasing4 ,they hunt him1 as long as he continues fresh1 where there are no hares2 and when he becomes tired1 they take him to the ,lowlands1 where they are plentiful4 ,by then killing a good many over him1 and severely punishing him whenever he attempts to follow1 a cure is often effected in two or three days4 ,in the yet higher ranges1 the mountain-hares1#fe from possessing a peculiarly strong scent1 and not running to a distance1 are a severe trial to the steadiest dog4 ,in the autumn they are nearly blue2 in the winter white2 and in some counties are now found in marvellous quantities4 ,the greater pains taken of late years to destroy all kinds of vermin1 has much tended to their increase4 ,a few seasons ago a party at ,lord ,m----d's1 in ,perthshire1 killed seven hundred in one day4 ,the plan adopted was for a large body of men and boys to surround a hill at its base1 and beating slantingly upwards1 to drive all the hares before them4 ,the sportsmen1 who formed part of the ascending cordon1 obtained many shots2 but the principal slaughter was reserved for the guns previously posted on the top4 ,there is1 however1 little sport or fun in such stationary1 wholesale butchery1 beyond the excitement of competition1 and not being able to load fast enough4 ,the doomed animals1 being solely attentive to the movements of their assailants below1 come trooping upwards1 and are mostly knocked over whilst sitting on their haunches1 listening to the unusual sounds made by the approaching beaters4 #cci4 ,killing a sitting hare to your dog's point will wonderfully steady him from chasing2 but do not fire until he has remained stanch for a considerable time4 ,this will show him that puss is far more likely to be bagged by your firing1 than by his pursuing4 #cdj4 ,for the same object1--,i mean1 to make your young dog stanch1--,i would recommend your killing a few birds on the ground to his point1 were it not that you rarely have the opportunity4 ,page ,header3 ,,retrieving ,,wounded ,,hare4 #cda4 ,when you have made your dog perfectly steady from chasing1 you may 7supposing you have no retriever at hand71 naturally enough1 inquire how you are to teach him to follow any hare you may be so unlucky as merely to wound4 ,i acknowledge that the task is difficult4 ,i would say1 at once resolve to give up every wounded hare during his first season4#ff ,the following year1 provided you find that he remains quite steady1 on your wounding an unfortunate wretch1 encourage your dog to pursue it by running yourself after it4 ,when he gets hold of it1 check him if he mauls it1 and take it from him as quickly as possible4 ,as ,i cannot suppose that you are anxious to slaughter every hare you see1 let the next two or three go off without a shot4 ,this forbearance will re-steady him1 and after a while his own sagacity and nose 7#ede7 will show him that the established usage was departed from solely1 because puss was severely struck4 ,page ,header3 ,,cuts ,,few ,,but ,,severe4 #cdb4 ,as you wish to flog your dog as little as possible1 never go out without your whip1 paradoxical as this may appear4 ,the dog's salutary awe of the implement which he sees in your possession1 like a horse's consciousness of your heel being armed with a spur1 will tend to keep him in order4 ,if the dog is a keen ranger1 you may much spare the whip by making him crouch at your feet for several minutes after he has committed a fault4 ,the detention will be felt by him1 when he is all anxiety to be off hunting1 as a severe punishment4 ,if he is a mettlesome1 high-couraged animal1 he will regard1 as a yet severer punishment1 his being compelled to follow at your heels for half-an-hour1 while the other dogs are allowed the enjoyment of hunting4 #cdc4 ,captain ,w----l1 7son of the celebrated shot71 was in the stubbles in '#ej with some friends1 who were anxious to see how their own dogs hunted4 ,he1 therefore1 had his favourite pointer taken up and led by an attendant4 ,this first-rate animal1 who is passionately devoted to the sport1 struggled so violently to get free1 that he actually foamed at the mouth4 ,after a time he was uncoupled2 when1 instead of hunting as usual1 he raced over the field1 quartering his ground most systematically1 and designedly springing all the birds4 ,quite useless was every halloo and threat1 whether of voice or whip2--stop he would not1 as long as there was a feather in the field4 ,satisfied then with the mischief he had done1 he sat down by the hedge1 quietly awaiting any punishment that might be awarded him4 ,his master1 however1 feeling persuaded that the dog had only acted from the impulse of momentary passion1 and with the intention of avenging the unusual indignity to which he had been subjected1 merely reproached him for his misconduct1 and allowed him to hunt the next field1 which he did as steadily as ever4 ,this was somewhat similar to ,captain's behaviour 7#dib74 #cdd4 ,excess of punishment has made many a dog of good promise a confirmed blinker2 and of far more has it quenched that keen ardour for the sport1 without which no dog can be first-rate4 ,for this reason1 if not from more humane motives1 make it a rule to give but few cuts2 let them1 however1 be tolerably severe4 ,your pupil's recollection of them1 when he hears the crack of the whip1 will prevent the necessity of their frequent repetition4 ,page ,header3 ,,birds' ,,feet ,,given4 #cde4 ,i knew of a young fellow's purchasing a pointer of an excellent breed from a gamekeeper for a few shillings merely1 as the animal had become so timid from over-chastisement1 that she not only blinked her game1 but seldom quitted the man's heels4 ,the lad had the good sense to treat the bitch1 at all times1 with the greatest kindness2 and in order to induce her to hunt1 he used to break off the feet#fg of every bird he killed1 and give them to her to eat along with the sinews4 ,the plan succeeded so well that she eventually became an unusually keen and fast ranger4 ,this would be a hazardous step to take with a dog wanted to retrieve4 ,there are few1 if any dogs who may not be tempted by hunger to eat game4 ,a gentleman told me1 that1 to his great astonishment1 he one day saw an old tender-mouthed retriever1 that he had possessed for years1 deliberately swallow a partridge4 ,before he could get up to the dog even the tail-feathers had disappeared4 ,on inquiry it turned out that1 through some neglect1 the animal had not been fed4 ,page ,header3 ,,chastisement ,,of ,,dogs4 #cdf4 ,some argue that blinking arises from a defective nose1 not from punishment2 but surely it is the injudicious chastisement following the blunders caused by a bad nose that makes a dog1 through fear1 go to heel when he winds birds4 ,a bad nose may lead to a dog's running up birds from not noticing them1 but it cannot naturally induce him to run away from them4 ,possibly he may be worthless from a deficiency in his olfactory powers2 but it is hard to conceive how these powers can be improved by a dread of doing mischief when he finds himself near game4 ,some dogs that have been unduly chastised do not even betray themselves by running to heel1 but cunningly slink away from their birds without giving you the slightest intimation of their vicinity4 ,i have seen such instances4 ,when a young dog1 who has betrayed symptoms of blinking1 draws upon birds1 head him1 if you can1 before you give him the order to toho3 he will then have such a large circuit to make1 that he will feel the less tempted to run to your heels4 #cdg4 ,obedience and intelligence are1 as ,i have already remarked1 best secured by judicious ratings and encouragements1--scoldings for bad conduct1--praise1 caresses1 and rewards for good4 ,never forget1 therefore1 to have some delicacy in your pocket to give the youngster whenever he may deserve it4 ,all dogs1 however1 even the most fearful1 ought to be made able to bear a little punishment4 ,if1 unfortunately1 your dog is constitutionally timid 7,i cannot help saying unfortunately1 though so many of the sort have fine noses71 the whip must be employed with the greatest gentleness1 the lash being rather laid on the back than used1 until such forbearance1 and many caresses before his dismissal1 have gradually banished the animal's alarm1 and ultimately enabled you to give him a very slight beating1 on his misconducting himself1 without any danger of making him blink4 ,by such means1 odd as it may sound1 you create courage1 and with it give him self-confidence and range4 ,page ,header3 ,,dog ,,judiciously ,,punished4 #cdh4 ,a judiciously educated dog will know as well as you do whether or not he has earned a chastisement1 and many a one is of so noble a nature that he will not wish to avoid it if he is conscious that he deserves it4 ,he will become as anxious for good sport as you are1 and feel that he ought to be punished1 if from his own misconduct he mars it4 ,indeed1 he will not have much opinion of your sagacity if you do not then give him a sound rating1 or let him have a taste of the lash1 though it matters not how slight4 ,clearly this feeling1 which it will be right to foster1 must have arisen from his belief that you are always conscious of his actions 7#chc72 therefore never check him for coming towards you on his committing any unseen error4 ,moreover1 when he has been but a little shot to1 you will find that if you abstain from firing at a bird which through his fault he has improperly flushed1 although in its flight it affords you an excellent shot1 you will greatly vex him2 and this will tend to make him more careful for the future4 #cdi4 ,mr4 ,c----s ,r----n 7#bhf7 had a pointer who would at once give up hunting if he was not properly chastised on committing a fault2--but what is far more extraordinary1 and strongly shows the varied1 and occasionally odd dispositions of dogs1 he would never hunt keenly until from birds rising wildly 7or from some other cause7 an excuse arose for giving him a flogging4 ,after receiving the punishment he would start off in the greatest spirits1 and range with uncommon ardour and perseverance4 ,an excuse was1 however1 quite indispensable2 for1 if from a good-humoured desire to gratify his apparent longings he was favoured beforehand with a thrashing1 he would consider himself imposed on1 and forthwith run home4 ,page ,header3 ,,backing ,,taught4 #cej4 ,when1 after a few weeks1 you perceive that the youngster has confidence in himself1 and is likely to hunt independently1 not deferentially following the footsteps of an older companion1 take out a well broken dog with him1 that you may have the opportunity of teaching him to back4 ,be careful to choose one not given to make false points2 for if he commit such mistakes1 your pupil will soon utterly disregard his pointing4 ,select also one who draws upon his birds in a fine1 determined attitude2 not one to whose manner even you must be habituated to feel certain he is on game4 ,be watchful to prevent your dog ever hunting in the wake of the other1 which1 in the humility of canine youth1 he probably will1 unless you are on the alert to wave him in a different direction1 the moment you observe him inclined to seek the company of his more experienced associate4 ,by selecting a slow old dog1 you will probably diminish the wish of the young one to follow him2 for it is likely that the youngster's eagerness will make him push on faster1 and so take the lead4 #cea4 ,the example for a few days 7but only for a few days7 of a good stanch dog who is not a hedge-hunter1--has no bad habits1 and does not require being called to1--will be advantageous to your inexperienced animal2--as an instance3 ,page ,header3 ,,good ,,example ,,advantageous4 #ceb4 ,on one occasion1 when ,i was abroad1 ,i lent a favourite dog to a young friend who had requested the services of the animal for his kennel1 not the field4 ,i much objected to any person's shooting over the dog except myself1 particularly as it was only his second season4 ,therefore1 very knowingly as ,i thought1 ,i sent him on a ,saturday evening1 having obtained a promise that he should be returned to me early on ,monday morning--and so he was2 the lad1 however1 had done me2 for he confessed1 many months afterwards1 that he could not resist the temptation of taking out my pointer snipe-shooting on the intermediate ,sunday along with his little liver-coloured bitch2--and with a glowing countenance he observed that he never had been so enchanted1 for his young lady seeing her fond companion drop instantly the gun was fired1 and remain immoveable until hied on1 sedulously imitated him throughout the day4 ,it was the making of her1--but as it was the first time in her young life she had ever behaved steadily1 there was a great risk of my pointer's being much injured2 for1 alas6 like poor mortals1 dogs are more prone to follow a bad example#fh than a good one4 ,we are1 however1 wandering4 ,page ,header3 ,,backing4 #cec4 ,on the old dog's pointing1 catch the eye of the young one4 ,if you cannot readily do so1 and are not afraid of too much alarming the birds1 call to the old fellow by name1 and desire him to toho4 ,the order will make the young one look round1 and awaken him to a suspicion of what is going forward4 ,hold up your right arm1--stand still for a minute1--and then1 carrying your gun as if you were prepared momentarily to fire1 retreat1 or move sideways in crab-like fashion towards the old dog1 continuing your signal to the other to remain steady1 and turning your face to him1 so that he may be restrained by the feeling that your eye is constantly fixed upon him4 ,he will soon remark the attitude of the old dog1 and almost intuitively guess its meaning4 ,should the old one draw upon his game1 still the other dog must remain stationary4 ,if he advance but an inch1 rate him4 ,should he rush up 7which is hardly to be expected71 at him at once2--having made him drop1 catch hold of him1 and drag him to the place at which he should have backed1--there 7if you judge such strong measures necessary7 peg him down until after you have had your shot and are reloaded4 ,if by heading the birds you can drive them towards the young dog1 do so2 and aim at the one most likely to fall near him4 ,endeavour to make him comprehend that any sign or word to urge on or retard the leading dog1 in no way applies to him4 ,this he will soon understand if he has been properly instructed with an associate in the initiatory lesson described in 7#di74 ,after you have picked up the bird let him sniff at it4 #ced4 ,it is most important that the dog which first winds birds should be allowed to road them to a spring without being flurried1 or in any way interfered with by another dog4 ,few things are more trying to your temper as a sportsman1 than to see a self-sufficient cub1 especially when birds are wild1 creep up to the old dog whom he observes pointing at a distance1 or cautiously drawing upon a covey4 ,the young whipper-snapper pays no attention to your most energetic signals3 you are afraid to speak lest you should alarm the birds1 and before you can catch hold of the presumptuous jackanapes1 he not only steals close to the good old dog1 but actually ventures to head him2 nay1 possibly dares to crawl on yet nearer to the birds in the hope of enjoying a more intoxicating sniff4 ,page ,header3 ,,point ,,by ,,nose1 ,,not ,,eye4 #cee4 ,all dogs but the finder should stand wholly by sight1--just the reverse of pointing4 ,your dog's nose ought to have nothing to do with backing4 ,if you permit it1 he will get the abominable habit of creeping up to his companions in the manner just described 7#ced71 when he observes them to be winding birds2 and though he may not presume to take the lead1 nay1 even keep at so respectful a distance as in no way to annoy the finder1 yet a longing to inhale the grateful steam 7as that good poet and capital sportsman1 ,somerville1 terms it7 will make him constantly watch the other dogs1 instead of bestowing his undivided attention and faculties upon finding game for himself4 ,it is quite enough if he backs whenever you order him1 or he accidentally catches sight of another dog either pointing or roading2 and the less he is looking after his companions1 the more zealously will he attend to his own duties4 #cef4 ,if you have any fears that the old dog when he is on birds will not act steadily1 should you have occasion to chide the young one1 be careful to give the old dog a word expressive of your approval1 before you commence to rate the other4 #ceg4 ,when your youngster is hereafter hunted in company1 should he make a point1 and any intrusive companion1 instead of properly backing him1 be impertinently pressing on1 the youngster should not be induced 7however great may be the trial upon his patience and forbearance7 to draw one foot nearer to the game than his own knowledge of distance tells him is correct2 not even if his friend1 or rather1 jealous rival1 boldly assumes the front rank4 ,your pupil will have a right to look to you for protection1 and to expect that the rash intruder1 however young1 be at the least well rated4 #ceh4 ,it is a matter of little moment whether the backer attends to the down charge1 or continues to back as long as the other dog remains at his point4 ,it appears1 however1 best1 that he should drop1 unless he is so near that he winds the game1 when he would be rather pointing than backing 7and should1 consequently1 behave as explained in #bgd72 for the fewer exceptions there are to general rules the more readily are the rules observed4 ,page ,header3 ,,important ,,axiom4 #cei4 ,should both dogs make separate points at the same moment1 it is clear that neither can back the other4 ,they must act independently--each for himself4 ,moreover1 your firing over one should not induce the other to down charge1 or in any way divert his attention from his own birds4 ,he ought to remain immoveable as a statue4 ,some dogs1 whose high courage has not been damped by over-correction1 will do this from their own sagacity2 but to enable you to teach them to behave thus steadily1 game should be plentiful4 ,when you are lucky enough to observe both dogs pointing at the same time1 let your fellow-sportsman 7or your attendant7 flush and fire at the birds found by the older dog1 while you remain stationary near the young one1 quietly but earnestly cautioning him to continue firm4 ,when your companion has reloaded and picked up his game 7and made the other dog back71 let him join you and knock over the bird at which your pupil is pointing4 ,it will not be long before he 7your young dog7 understands what is required of him1 if he has been practised 7as recommended in #bgd7 not to down charge when pointing unsprung birds4 ,in short1 it may be received as an axiom1 that nothing ought to make a dog voluntarily relinquish a point so long as he winds birds2 and nothing but the wish to continue his point should make him neglect the down charge the instant he hears the near report of a gun4 #cfj4 ,dove1 7the setter spoken of in #ajb1 who invariably stands at her point17 on one occasion in the season of '#ej dropped as usual on her master's firing at some distance from her2 but1 instead of seeking dead as ordered when he had reloaded1 she remained immoveable at the down charge1 although repeatedly coaxed and called to4 ,the sportsman thought that birds must be near1 and after much perseverance1 he succeeded in walking up a brace that were lying close to her4 ,we must allow that this was a prettily conceived piece of caution on the part of ,mrs4 ,dove2 but how far more usefully would she have acted had she been taught the inferiority of the down charge to the continued point1 followed by the road to successive birds4 ,,chapter ,,xiii4 ,,hints ,,to ,,purchasers4 ,,price ,,of ,,dogs4--,,sheep ,,killing4 #cfa4 ,the back being taught--young ,dog again hunted alone4--#cfb4 ,breakers hunt too many together4 ,why injudicious4--#cfc4 ,one hour's ,instruction alone1 better than a day's in company4--#cfd4 ,horse's value little dependent on ,education1 ,dog's greatly4 ,many good points in ,dog1 similar to those in ,horse2 in ,note1 ,frame of ,pony studied4 ,arab proverbs4 ,admirable receipt for putting hard flesh on ,horse4 ,hoof ,ointment4--#cfe4 ,hints to ,dog-purchasers4 ,tenderness of ,nose1 how judged of4--#cff to #cfh4 ,instance of great superiority of ,nose in ,pointer on bad scenting ,day4--#cfi4 ,ditto in ,setter4--#cgj4 ,in ,breeding1 ,nose sought for in both parents4--#cga4 ,good ,dog1 like good ,horse1 not suited to all countries4--#cgb4 ,purchasing a ,brace of ,dogs1 before buying shoot over4--#cgc4 ,case in ,point4--#cgd4 ,rushing in to dead1 how cured4--#cge4 ,dogs shot over single-handed4 ,jealousy decreases with intimacy4 ,independence and self-reliance1 how imparted4--#cgf4 ,good ,breeding and ,breaking command good ,prices4--#cgg to #cgi4 ,great ,sums realized at ,tattersall's for thirteen highly-bred ,pointers4--#chj4 ,small sums unknown ,dogs fetch4--#cha4 ,mr4 ,c----t's ,dogs half a sovereign each4--#chb4 ,immense price given for stanch ,setter4--#chc4 ,best ,dogs2 summary of rules for making1 concisely given4 ,the best will make mistakes4--#chd4 ,companionship with man makes ,dog useful servant4--#che4 ,tweed-side ,spaniel and blind man4--#chf4 ,dog that always ran riot when out of sight4--#chg4 ,killing ,sheep2 cure attempted4--#chh4 ,another plan4--#chi4 ,third attempt at ,remedy4--#cij4 ,sir ,h----n ,s----d's recipe4--#cia4 ,muzzle ,dog likely to worry ,sheep4--#cib4 ,killing ,fowls2 the cure4 #cfa4 ,when your dog has been properly taught the back1 fail not to recommence hunting him alone1 if it is your object to establish a perfect range4 #cfb4 ,professional dog-breakers1 ,i have remarked1 almost invariably hunt too many dogs together4 ,this arises1 ,i suppose1 from the number which they have to train2 but the consequence is1 that the younger dogs are spectators rather than actors1 and1 instead of ranging independently in search of game1 are watching the manoeuvres of their older associates4 ,page ,header3 ,,too ,,many ,,dogs4 #cfc4 ,a glimmering of knowledge may be picked up in this way2 but no one will argue that it is likely to create great excellence4 ,doubtless the young ones will be good backers2 and to the inexperienced a troop of perhaps a dozen dogs1 all in chiselled form1 stanchly backing an old leader1 is a most imposing sight1 but if the observer were to accompany the whole party for a few hours1 he would remark1 ,i will bet any money1 that the same veterans would over and over again find the birds1 and that the perfectly broken young ones in the rear would do nothing but back and down charge4 ,what can they know of judicious quartering8 ,of obeying the signals of the hand8 ,of gradually drawing upon the faintest token of a scent 7only perceptible to a nose carried high in the air7 until they arrive at a confident point8 ,of perseveringly working out the foil of a slightly winged bird1 on a hot still day1 to a sure find8 ,nothing1 or next to nothing1--nearly all is to be taught2 and yet the breaker will show off those raw recruits as perfectly drilled soldiers4 ,would they not have had a much better chance of really being so1 if he had given a small portion of his time each day to each8 ,he well knows they would2 but the theatrical display would not be half so magnificent4 ,if he had truly wished to give his pupils a good systematic range1 without a doubt he would have devoted one hour in the field exclusively to each dog1 rather than many hours to several at once--and not have associated any together in the field until he had gained full command over each separately4 ,and this he would have done 7because it would have tended to his interest71 had he supposed that his dog's qualifications would be investigated by judges1--by those who would insist on seeing a dog hunted singly 7in order to observe his method of ranging71 or with but one companion1 before they thought of definitively purchasing4 ,page ,header3 ,,good ,,qualities4 #cfd4 ,the good qualities of a horse being principally derived from nature1 a judge can pretty accurately discover his general capabilities simply by a glance at his make and action2--but the good qualities of a sportsman's dog are chiefly derived from art2 consequently1 though his movements may be light and springy1--his countenance intelligent1--his nostrils wide1--his cerebral development large1--his forehand deep1--his ribs round and full1--his elbows well detached from them1 not tied in1--his shoulders high1 and slanting backwards1--his loins muscular and arched1--his quarters lengthy1 and sinewy1--his legs bony1 and straight1--his feet small and round1 pointing direct to the front1--his tail taper to the finest point from a strong root1#fi yet if he has been improperly shot over as a youngster he may never be worth his keep4 ,therefore1 though a man may in five minutes decide upon purchasing the horse1 he would act very imprudently if he ventured upon buying the dog before he had seen him hunted2#gj unless indeed he feels well-justified confidence in the ability of the party who broke him in1 and is also satisfied with the character1 as a sportsman1 of the person who has since shot over him4 ,page ,header3 ,,nose--,,how ,,judged ,,of4 #cfe4 ,no dog can be worth a large sum1 or should be considered perfectly made1 that cannot be hunted in perfect silence1--that is not good at finding dead or wounded birds1 and that is not sure to point them when found4 ,if in his transverse range he keep his head to windward it is a good sign1 for it evinces his consciousness that it is in the breeze he should seek for an intimation of the vicinity of game4 ,as to the excellence of his nose1 this can only be fully ascertained by experience1 and by comparing him in the field with other dogs2 but some opinion may be formed by observing whether on first winding game he confidently walks up to his point with a high head1 or is shuffling in an undecided manner to the right and left 7perhaps even pottering with his nose near the ground71 before he can satisfy himself respecting the exact locality of the birds4 ,there are favourable days when any dog can wind game1 when finding many birds will far more depend upon range than nose4 ,the surest way to test the olfactory powers of different dogs is to take them out directly after mid-day in sultry weather1 or when a north-easterly wind has been blowing for some days4 ,if their condition1 c4 is then alike1 you may be certain that the dog who winds most birds has the finest 7or most cautious87 nose4 ,on such a day chance will but little assist him4 ,page ,header3 ,,setter',s ,,good ,,nose4 #cff4 ,on an extremely bad scenting day in ,october1 #ahch1 a cold dry wind blowing from the east1 the ,hon4 ,f---- ,c----1 ,baron ,a4 and ,sir ,f4 ,h----1 then partridge-shooting at ,c----n1 in ,staffordshire1 saw a liver-coloured pointer take every point from three setters of some celebrity belonging to a very sporting baronet4 ,the setters did not make a single set throughout the day1 but ran into the birds as if they had been larks4 ,the pointer's nose was1 however1 so good that the party1 notwithstanding the badness of the scent1 bagged thirty-five brace4 #cfg4 ,the keeper who brought out the setters was obliged to own1 that he could not otherwise account for the apparent singularity of their behaviour1 than by admitting the superiority of the pointer's nose2 yet1 judging from the engraving1 he did not carry his head well4 #cfh4 ,a stiffish price had been given for the dog1 but ,i need hardly say that it was not considered unreasonable1 after the exhibition of scenting-powers so unusual1 fairly tested in the field with competitors of established character4 #cfi4 ,in this instance it was a pointer that evinced singular tenderness of nose2 but in the following1 a setter bore off the palm in a contest with good pointers4 ,mr4 ,q----r1 of ,f----w 7county of ,suffolk71 who is an enthusiast about shooting1 three years ago took out his favourite dog1 a heavy1 large-limbed1 liver-coloured setter1 on a cold1 raw1 bad scenting day1 together with a brace of pointers of high character belonging to another ,suffolk sportsman1 ,mr4 ,w----s4 ,the latter had expressed rather a contemptuous opinion of the setter1 whose appearance was undeniably not very prepossessing2 but to the gentleman's astonishment1 and perhaps somewhat to his mortification1 the lumbering dog found plenty of birds1 though there was so little scent that the vaunted pointers were nearly useless4 ,i was told1 that at that moment ,mr4 ,q----r would not have taken two hundred guineas for the animal4 #cgj4 ,what a pity it is that more pains are not taken to link in matrimonial chains dogs of the rare excellence of nose described in the preceding paragraph1 and in #ahb1 #bjd1 and #bhi1 instead of being satisfied with marked superiority in one parent only6 ,in a setter or pointer sensitiveness of nose is the most valuable natural quality sought for2--correctness of range the most valuable artificial quality4 ,illustration3 ,,fashionable 7,,english7 ,,setter1 ,,and ,,old-,,fashioned ,,pointer4 ,he did not carry his head well4--,par4 #cfg4 #cga4 ,few horses1 however good1 are fitted to hunt in all countries1 nor are many dogs2 and as in selecting a hunter a man ought to consider the kind of work for which he is wanted1 so ought he when he is purchasing a dog to be influenced by the kind of country in which the animal is to perform4 ,a slow dog1 however good1 would weary your heart out on the moors with his perpetual see-saw1 ladylike canter2 and a fast one1 unless wonderfully careful1 on enclosed lands alive with game1 would severely test your self-control over tongue and temper4 #cgb4 ,if a purchaser be in search of a brace of dogs1 assuredly he ought not to give a large figure for them1 if they do not traverse their ground separately4 ,what is the use of two dogs if they hunt together8 ,both are engaged in doing what would be better done by one1 for there would be no undue excitement1 or jealousy1 or withdrawal of attention4 ,not only ought a purchaser to see how dogs quarter their ground1 but1 if the time of the year will permit1 he should even kill a bird to them1--for though they may once have been good1 if an ignorant or careless sportsman has shot over them but for a few days1 they may be spoiled 7end of #cfd74 ,page ,header3 ,,dog ,,spoilt4 #cgc4 ,at the beginning of a partridge season1 ,i unexpectedly wanted to purchase a dog4 ,an old gamekeeper1--one on whose judgment ,i could rely1 and who1 ,i knew1 would not willingly deceive me1--saw a setter in the field that he thought would please1 and accordingly sent it to my kennel4 ,i greatly liked the looks of the animal4 ,he quartered his ground well--was obedient to the hand--carried a high and apparently tender nose--pointed1 backed1 and down charged steadily4 ,unquestionably he had been well broken4 ,i thought myself in great luck1 and should not have hesitated to complete the purchase1 but that fortunately ,i had an opportunity of shooting a bird over him1 when to my horror1 he rushed at it with the speed of a greyhound4 ,as in spite of all my remonstrances1 shouted in the most determined manner1 he repeated this manoeuvre whenever a bird fell1 ,i returned him4 ,i afterwards heard he had just been shot over by a party on the moors1 who1 no doubt1 had spoiled him by their ignoble1 pot-hunting propensities4 ,page ,header3 ,,how ,,reformed4 #cgd4 ,had ,i chosen to sacrifice my shooting in order to reclaim him 7which ,i must have done1 had ,i too hastily concluded the purchase71 ,i ought to have sent home the other dogs1 and proceeded1 but with greater severity1 much in the manner described in #cba and #cbc4 ,i ought not1 however1 to have gone after him when first he bolted2 ,i ought merely to have endeavoured to check him with my voice1 for it would have been most important to set him a good example by remaining immoveable myself2 he might have misconstrued any hasty advance on my part into rivalship for possession of the bird2 in short1 into a repetition of one of the many scrambles to which he had recently been accustomed1 and in which ,i feel sure he must invariably have come off victorious4 ,i ought1 when loaded1 to have walked calmly up to him1 and1 without taking the slightest notice of the disfigured bird1 have dragged him back1 while loudly rating him1 to the spot where he should have down charged4 ,after a good flagellation1 a protracted lecture1 and a long delay1 7the longer the better17 ,i ought to have made him cautiously approach the bird2 and by a little scolding1 and by showing him the wounds he had inflicted1 have striven to make him sensible and ashamed of his enormities4 ,probably1 too1 had the birds lain well1 the moment he pointed ,i should have employed the checkcord#ga with a spike1 giving him a liberal allowance of slack line 7#cce74 ,had ,i thus treated him throughout the day1 ,i have little doubt but that he would have become a reformed character2 though an occasional outbreak might not unreasonably have been expected4 7,see #cjb to #cje47 #cge4 ,if you purchase a dog who has been much shot over single-handed by a tolerably good sportsman1 you have the satisfaction of knowing that the animal must necessarily have great self-reliance and experience4 ,on the other hand1 you will see reason to distrust his forbearance and temper when he is hunted with a companion4 ,of the usual run of dogs1 it probably would be better to purchase two which have been shot over singly1 and then associate them in the field1 than to buy a brace which had been broken in together4 ,you would1 ,i think1 find it more difficult to give independence to the latter1 than to cure the jealousy of the former4 ,jealousy in the field would1 however1 decrease with their increasing intimacy in the kennel4 ,to create a feeling of self-dependence1 obviously there is no better plan than for a considerable time to take out the dog by himself1 and thus force him to trust for sport to his own unaided powers2 and when he is at length hunted in company1 never to omit paying him the compliment of attending to every indication he evinces of being upon birds1 even occasionally to the unfair neglect of confirmed points made by the other dogs4 #cgf4 ,confidence1 however1 in good breeding and breaking often induces sportsmen to give large sums for young dogs without seeing them in the field4 ,page ,header3 ,,large ,,sums ,,for ,,pointers4 #cgg4 ,in ,july1 #ahdh1 thirteen pointers were sold at ,tattersall's1 which brought the large sum of two hundred and fifty-six guineas1 though only two of them had ever been shot over4 #cgh4 ,the following description of each was advertised before the sale4 ,i have prefixed to it the prices they severally realized4 ,such sums mark how highly the public appreciate the qualifications of the breaker who lives with ,mr4 ,moore1 of ,derbyshire1 and ought to stimulate others to increased exertions4 #cgi4 ,to be ,sold by ,auction1 ,,at ,,messrs4 ,,tattersall',s1 ,,on ,,monday1 ,,july #c;,d1 #ahdh1 ,,fourteen ,,superior ,,bred ,,pointers4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,prices real- ized ,lot4,name4 ,when ,sire4 ,dam4 at the ,pupped4 ,sale4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,gns4 ,bloss1 by the #ae #a ,,nelson ,bounce1 own late ,mr4 ,nov4 #ast1 brother ,edge's ,rake1 #af #b ,,nell #ahdf4 to ,bloom4 out of his ,bess1 by ,capt4 ,white's ,donout of ,deuce4 ,rev4 ,j4 ,cooper's ,dido1 out of #ac #c ,,drab ,june #ahth1 ,bounce ,mr4 ,marriott's #ahdg4 ,bitch by ,capt4 ,white's ,don4 ,mab1 by a #e #d ,,buzz ,april #acth1 ,bounce ,dog of ,major #ahdg4 ,bilbie's1 by the late ,mr4,edge's4 ,nelson #af #e ,,rake ,june #aath1 ,mr4 ,hurt's ,die1 by #ahdg4 ,rake1 out ,rock out of of his ,belle1 own ,nance4 sister to ,bloom4 ,rue1 dam ,dead4 #f ,,dot ,may #b;d1 ,bang ,bess out of #ahdg4 7,lot #ad7 the late ,mr4 ,edge's ,mink4 ,dam by the late #ba #g ,,ben ,sir ,arthur ,mr4 ,edge's ,april #bjth1 ,clifton's ,rake out of #af #h ,,belle #ahdg4 ,don ,mab1 by a son of ,mr4 ,edge's ,nelson4 #ag #i ,,czar ,don1 by ,may #hth1 ,rap out of ,bitch of #ag #aj ,,crack #ahdg4 ,bess1 ,sir ,robert sister to ,wilmot's4 ,bloom ,bloom 7sold #be #aa ,,swap ,j4 ,newton's1 at the late ,feb4 #b;d1 ,esq4 ,duke1 ,mr4,edge's sale #be #ab ,,snake #ahdg4 by ,capt4 for #hj ,white's ,guineas71 by ,don ,rakeout of ,mink4 ,rap 7sold at the late ,mr4 ,edge's ,bitch of ,h4 ,k4 #bd #ac ,,rock ,two sale for #ec ,fenton's ,esq4 years old4 ,guineas71 by by ,lord a ,dog of ,mexborough's ,dale ,romp4 ,trotter's1 ,esq4 of ,bishop ,middleham ,the late ,mr4 ,edge's ,bess1 ,bounce by ,captain #df #ad ,,bang ,three 7,sireof ,lots ,white's ,don years old4 #a1 #b1c1 out of ---- and #d7 ,deuce1 sister #bef to ,die the ,dam of ,rake4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,the ,,above ,,pointers ,,are ,,the ,,property ,,of ,a ,,gentleman1 ,,and ,,have ,,been ,,bred ,,with ,,the ,,greatest ,,care4 9999 ,the first twelve ,lots are well broke1 but have not been shot over4 ,lots #ac and #ad have been shot over both in ,england and ,scotland1 and are in every respect superior ,pointers4 ,illustration3 ,,irish ,,red ,,setter4--,steadily pointing4 ,par4 #chb4 ,page ,header3 ,,small ,,sums ,,for ,,dogs4 #chj4 ,in marked contrast to such high prices1 are those often realized at ,laing's and at ,wordsworth's stables1 in ,edinburgh1 where sometimes a batch of pointers and setters are sent for unreserved sale1 of whose previous history and education no one can tell anything1 except perhaps1 the party sent by the vendor1--naturally considered a prejudiced if not an interested witness4 #cha4 ,the ,mr4 ,c----t named in #bhi boasts1 that he never gives more than half a sovereign for any dog1 and that he has some of the best in ,scotland4 ,he attends at ,laing's and ,wordsworth's1 when dogs are advertised for sale by auction1 and buys all those that are decent-looking1 and fetch no higher bid than ten shillings1--a frequent occurrence where their characters are quite unknown4 ,he takes his bargains to the moors4 ,those that show any promise he keeps for further trial2 the rest he at once shoots1 leaving their bodies unhonoured by any other burial than the purple heather that blooms around them4 #chb4 ,a red setter brought the largest price that ,i ever knew paid for a dog4 ,after mid-day he came upon a covey basking in the sun4 ,his owner very knowingly told the shooting party that they might go to luncheon2 that he would leave the dog1 and accompany them1 engaging that they should find him still steadily pointing on their return4 ,the promise was faithfully redeemed by the stanch setter4 ,one of the sportsmen was so struck with the performance1 that he could not resist buying at a tremendous figure1 and he soon regained1 ,i believe1 much of the purchase-money from some incredulous acquaintance1 by backing the animal to perform a similar feat4 ,it was1 however1 no great test of excellence4 ,page ,header3 ,,best ,,dogs4 #chc4 ,i conceive those dogs must be considered the best1 which procure a persevering sportsman most shots in a season1 and lose him fewest winged birds4#gb ,if you are anxious for your pupil to attain this superlative excellence 7,i will repeat it1 at the risk of being accused of tautology71 you must be at all times consistently strict1 but never severe4 ,make him1 as much as you can1 your constant companion2 you will thereby much develop his intelligence1 and so render him a more efficient assistant in the field1 for he will understand your manner better and better1 and greatly increase in affection as well as observation4 ,many men would like so faithful an attendant4 ,teach obedience at home--to obtain it in the field4 ,consider the instantaneous drop1 the moment he gets the signal1 as all-important1--as the very key-stone of the arch that conducts to the glorious triumphs of due subordination4 ,notice every fault1 and check it by rating1 but never punish with the whip unless you judge it absolutely necessary4 ,on the other hand1 following ,astley's plan 7#aj71 reward1 or at least praise1 every instance of good behaviour1 and you will be surprised to find how quickly your young dog will comprehend your wishes1 and how anxious he will be to comply with them4 ,remember that evil practices1 unchecked until they become confirmed habits1 or any errors in training committed at the commencement of his education1 cannot be repaired afterwards without tenfold--nay1 twentyfold trouble4 ,never let him hunt from under your eye4 ,unceasingly endeavour to keep alive in him as long as possible his belief that you are intuitively aware1 as fully when he is out of sight as within sight1 of every fault he commits1 whether it arise from wilfulness or mere heedlessness4 ,this is a very important admonition4 ,remember1 however1 that the best dogs will occasionally make mistakes when they are running down wind 7especially if it blows hard71 and that there are days when there is scarcely any scent4 7,note to #agd47 #chd4 ,i said1 ,make him1 7your pupil17 as much as you can1 your constant companion4 ,many breakers seem not to consider1 or1 at least1 seem not to be sufficiently influenced by the consideration1 that it is companionship with us1 through successive generations1 which alone has led to the dog's becoming the useful servant we find him4 ,in his wild state he may have as much sagacity as when domesticated2 but this he displays in a manner in no way advantageous to us2--it is shown in the mode in which he procures his food1 avoids his enemies1 c4 ,we hear much of the different degrees of natural sagacity evinced in different breeds2--of the wonderful intelligence of collies1 c43 but surely it is chiefly association with man that awakened that apparently greater intelligence2 or1 to speak more correctly1 that gave them the greater habit of observation1--of watching their master's looks1--of listening to his voice1 c43 whence comes their readier comprehension of his wishes and orders--often termed sagacity4 ,page ,header3 ,,blind ,,man ,,and ,,tweed ,,spaniel4 #che4 ,when recently salmon-fishing on the upper part of the ,tweed1 ,i occasionally met on its banks a totally blind man1 and who1 in spite of this great disqualification1 continued a keen and successful trout-angler4 ,he had been for some years entirely sightless1 and was led about by a large brown ,tweed-side spaniel1 of whose intelligence wonderful stories are told4 ,m----r travelled much round the country2 and it is certain1 for he would frequently do so to show off the dog's obedience1 that on his saying 7the cord being perfectly slack71 ,hie off to the ,holmes1 or1 ,hie off to ,melrose1 c41 c41 the animal would start off in the right direction without an instant's hesitation4 ,now1 this ,tweed spaniel was not born with more brains than other ,tweed spaniels1 but he was ,m----r's constant companion1 and had1 in consequence1 acquired a singular facility of comprehending his orders1 and doubtless from great affection was very solicitous to please4 #chf4 ,attend most carefully to the injunction not to let your dog hunt out of sight4 ,it is essential that you do so4 ,i once possessed a pointer who behaved admirably while he was under my eye1 but who1 if he could cunningly contrive to get on the other side of rising ground1 would invariably1 instead of pointing1 make a rush at any game he came across1--determined1 as my ,irish companion used to say1 to take his divarsion3 and it was most curious to remark how immediately his pace would slacken1 and how promptly he would resume a cautious carriage1 the moment he perceived ,i again had the power of observing him4 ,his proceedings displayed so much sagacity1 that though ,i was extremely vexed1 ,i could hardly find it in my heart to punish him as he deserved4 ,page ,header3 ,,killing ,,sheep4 #chg4 ,notwithstanding ,beckford's capital story of the hounds making a dinner of the old ram which his lordship had left in their kennel to intimidate them1 if your dog be unhappily too fond of mutton or lamb of his own killing1 perhaps no better cure can be attempted1 provided you superintend the operation1 than that of muzzling him1 and letting a strong ram give him a butting at the time that you are administering the lash1 and hallooing out ,ware or ,sheep4 ,but1 unfortunately1 this too often fails4 #chh4 ,if you do not succeed1 you must hang or drown him1 7the latter is probably the less painful death1 but a charge of shot well lodged behind the ear in the direction of the brain would be yet better47 ,therefore you will not mind giving him another chance for his life1 though confessedly the measure proposed is most barbarous4 ,procure an ash-pole about five feet long4 ,tie one extremity of the pole to a strong ram1 by the part of the horns near the forehead4 ,to the opposite extremity of the pole attach a strong spiked collar1 and strap it round the dog's throat1 to the audible tune of ,ware or ,sheep4 7,to prevent the possibility of the cord slipping1 through each end of the pole burn a hole47 ,the continued efforts of the ram for some hours either to free himself from his strange companion1 or to attack him1 will possibly so worry and punish the dog as to give him a distaste ever afterwards for anything of a woolly nature4 ,the pole will so effectually separate these unwilling 7but still too intimate7 associates1 that you need not muzzle the dog4 ,page ,header3 ,,cure ,,attempted4 #chi4 ,there is yet another remedy1 which ,i will name as it sounds reasonable1 though ,i cannot speak of its merits from personal observation1 never having seen it tried4 ,wrap a narrow strip of sheep-skin1 that has much wool on it1 round the dog's lower jaw1 the wool outwards1 and fasten it so that he cannot get rid of it4 ,put this on him for a few hours daily1 and there is a chance that he will become as thoroughly disgusted1 as even you could wish1 with every animal of the race whose coat furnished such odious mouthfuls2 but prevention being better than cure1 pay great attention to your dog's morals during the lambing season4 ,dogs not led away by evil companionship rarely commence their depredations upon sober1 full-grown sheep4 ,in ninety-nine cases out of a hundred1#gc they have previously yielded to the great temptation of running down some frisking lamb1 whose animated gambols seemed to court pursuit4#gd ,page ,header3 ,,the ,,admiral',s ,,plan4 #cij4 ,a full admiral 7,sir ,h----n ,s----d71 as well known in the field as in the ballroom1 and whose exhilarating society is coveted alike by young and old1 had many years ago a valuable retriever named ,lion1 bred between a setter and a ,newfoundland1 fast and high-couraged1 but which had not been properly trained4 ,his condemnation had been pronounced by his owner1 the late ,sir ,j----s ,d----n ,h----y1 in the hearing of the admiral1 who at once asked for and obtained the dog4 ,sir ,j----s' keeper 7,p----n7 had put a ring upon one of the animal's fore-feet to prevent his travelling too fast4 ,this the admiral immediately removed1 and by making ,lion his companion1 and feeding him himself1 he soon brought him into tolerable obedience1 but he had the vexation of finding that the retriever always showed a great longing to chase sheep1 and more than once had pulled one down in spite of all threats and admonitions4 ,one fine summer's morning the cheery admiral1 who is an excellent piscator1 had started at sunrise across the moors to fish a distant loch4 ,lion quietly followed behind the dog-cart1 but on getting sight of some sheep he started off and overturned one4 ,the admiral hurried up in time to save its life4 ,although alone1 he managed to tie its legs securely together4 ,ditto ,lion's1 and then he laid the two helpless animals nearly side by side4 ,with his driving-whip he belaboured ,lion most severely1 endeavouring to make him comprehend why he was punished1 and in the intervals of the flagellation caressing the poor sheep4 ,this occurred about #f ,a4,m4 and the admiral did not return to his captives until the same hour in the evening4 ,after repeating his powerful admonitions he released both the animals1 determined to give up the dog as incorrigible should he ever repeat the offence1--but he never did4 ,he turned out an admirable retriever1 and a faithful1 attached friend4 ,he seemed ever after ashamed to look a sheep in the face4 ,on catching sight of one1 he would slink to heel4 ,be assured that the truly gallant admiral's is an excellent recipe for giving a dog a higher relish for cooked than for uncooked mutton4 #cia4 ,if ever you have fears that you may be unable to prevent a dog's breaking away to worry sheep1 hunt him in a muzzle#ge of a size that will not interfere with his breathing1 and yet effectually prevent the wide extension of his jaws4 ,page ,header3 ,,killing ,,fowls4 #cib4 ,the killing of fowls is more easily prevented4 ,the temptation1 though equally frequent1 is not so great--he will only have tasted blood1 not revelled in it4 ,take a dead fowl--one of his recent victims if you can procure it1--and endeavour1 by pointing to it1 while you are scolding him1 to make him aware of the cause of your displeasure4 ,then secure him to a post1 and thrash him about the head with the bird1 occasionally favouring his hide with sundry applications of a whip1 and his ears with frequent repetitions of the scaring admonition1 ,ware fowl1 ,fowl--fowl--fowl4 ,whenever you afterwards catch him watching poultry1 be sure to rate him4 ,,chapter ,,xiv4 ,a ,,rest ,,beyond ,,half-,,way ,,house4 ,,anecdotes ,,of ,,dogs ,,on ,,service ,,at ,,home4 #cic4 ,a ,halt sounded2 present ,position considered2 ,refinements or extra ,accomplishments easily taught4--#cid4 ,excellent ,snipe-shot who never used ,dog4--#cie4 ,dog employed by another4--#cih4 ,which ,sportsman had the best of it4--#cii4 ,squire ,o----n's and ,mr4 ,c----d's ,match4--#cif4 ,snipe killed off4--#cig4 ,woodcocks become attached to undisturbed ,covers2 ,mr4 ,s----t's4--#djj4 ,partridges cut off from ,place of ,refuge4--#dja4 ,turnip-,field ridden round4--#djb4 ,after ,wind and ,rain1 hunt driest places2 late in season1 beat uncultivated lands4--#djc4 ,in hot weather1 give marked birds time to run4--#djd4 ,advantage of killing ,old ,birds2 protects young ,breeders4--#dje to #djg4 ,old ,hen-,pheasants shot3 case in point2 in ,note1 ,pheasants reared under barn-door hen require meat2 so do ,fowls4 ,cantelo's method4 ,pheasantries1 ,mr4 ,knox4 7,see ,appendix74 ,oak-bark a tonic4 ,cross with ,china ,pheasant4--#djh4 ,sportsmen urged to break in their own ,dogs4--#dji4 ,shooting conducive to ,health4--#daj1 #daa4 ,mr4 ,w----n and the old crippled ,scotch ,sportsman4--#dab4 ,instructing ,dogs improves temper2 not an ungentlemanly recreation4--#dac4 ,beckford's opinion4--#dad4 ,munito selecting cards4--#dae4 ,shepherds' ,dogs in ,france4--#daf4 ,collie ,dogs4--#dag4 ,fairy ringing bell4--#dah1 #dai4 ,mdor's fetching house-keys4 ,installed as their keeper4--#dbj4 ,sultan's keeping the key in his larder4--#dba4 ,mr4 ,a----n's ,taffy knowing by name every member of family4--#dbb4 ,taffy proves himself a first-rate ,watch-,dog4--#dbc4 ,taffy understands why he is borrowed4--#dbd4 ,taffy an able ,poacher4--#dbe4 ,taffy being insulted bides his time to avenge the affront4--#dbf4 ,taffy turns the tables upon workman who tries to impose upon him4--#dbg4 ,taffy purloins for his master when ordered4--#dbh4 ,taffy betrayed into momentary weakness purloins for himself4--#dbi4 ,taffy's birth and education revealed2 but his parentage a mystery4--#dcj4 ,taffy's dam shipwrecked on the ,needles4--#dca4 ,jesse's opinion of ,dogs2 in ,note1 ,lord ,brougham's--cunning of ,fox--of ,dog--of ,monkey4--#dcb4 ,exhibition of jealousy4--#dcc4 ,lost ,child fed by ,dog4--#dcd4 ,philax and ,brac playing ,dominos4--#dce to #dda4 ,showman's ,dogs in ,paris4 ,tricks with ,cards and ,numbers4 ,fortune-telling4 ,playing ,dominos4--#ddb4 ,how assisted by ,showman4--#ddc4 ,our attention to be confined to ,sporting ,dogs4 #cic4 ,we have now arrived at a good halting-station1 far beyond the half-way house2 for any dog educated as ,i have described may fairly be considered well broken4 ,shall we here part company1 or will you proceed with me to what ,i termed refinements in breaking8 ,i did so1 as ,i mentioned at the time1 in deference to general opinion1 for many would call it superfluous breaking4 ,it may be--but the additional excellence is easily attainable by perseverance in the system which ,i have detailed1 and but little extension of it4 ,why then should we not strive to reach it8 ,it must1 however1 be granted that so finished an education is not absolutely necessary1 for many killing dogs never attain it3 indeed1 many good sportsmen have never witnessed it4 ,and this is probably the reason why such a number abjure the aid of a dog in snipe-shooting4 ,page ,header3 ,,refinements4--,,snipe ,,shot4 #cid4 ,years ago1 when ,i was in ,county ,wexford1 ,i knew1 by sight1 a capital snipe-shot1 though he constantly wore spectacles1 who loathed the idea of letting a dog accompany him4 ,this he would not have done1 had he known to what perfection the animal could be brought4 ,but certainly our spectacled friend had less occasion for canine assistance than any man ,i ever saw4 ,he knew every rushy spot for miles around4 ,if there was a snipe in a field1 he would point to within a few feet where it was lying4 ,he walked very fast2 was indefatigable2 without waiting for loading picked up every bird the moment it was knocked over2 kept relays of ammunition at several farm-houses2 and nearly always came home with his capacious pockets 7for he carried no bag7 well filled4 ,i heard an anecdote of him1 more in praise of the correctness of his eye than the make of his leg1 that on one occasion1 after he had stuffed his pockets full of snipe1 he proceeded actually to cram more birds into the tops of his boots4 #cie4 ,an officer whom ,i knew well in ,canada came for a few days to ,isle ,aux ,noix4 ,he paddled himself and a favourite dog to the opposite shore4 ,the dog made nineteen separate points at snipe--of which my friend bagged seventeen1--and he thinks he did not see above three more birds4 ,he admits that the day was hot1#gf and that in consequence the snipe lay well2 but he certainly would not have obtained so many shots without the assistance of his intelligent companion4 ,he was1 however1 beautifully broken4 ,i do not suppose that my friend had once occasion to use his voice4 ,and the sagacious animal would creep across wind as stealthily as a cat on the right hand being slightly raised1 as described in ,,xii4 of #ada4 #cif4 ,my friend's sport caused a laugh in the little garrison at the expense of its ,fort ,adjutant1 by no means a first-rate shot1 who complained that his favourite1 though confessedly very small1 preserve was destroyed for the season2 and ,i rather think it was2 for my experience leads me to believe1 contrary to what is generally supposed1 that snipe1 when once they have had time to settle in a spot1 become attached to it1 and do not much shift their ground4 ,at least ,i have known many places in which snipe having been killed off early in the season1 none appeared the same season in their stead1 although in preceding years birds had been plentiful during the whole winter4 ,page ,header3 ,,woodcock-,,shooting4 #cig4 ,woodcocks also consider themselves permanently established in localities where they have been long undisturbed 7#hb74 ,mr4 ,s----t of ,c----n1 on the west coast of ,ireland1 was so fully impressed with this opinion that he would not allow a gun to be fired in his covers until after ,christmas1--asserting that not a bird would then leave them before the regular period of migration1 but merely1 when flushed1 remove from one part of the woods to another4 ,it is hard to think that he reasoned incorrectly1 for he had when ,i was in his neighbourhood1--and may have to this day for aught ,i know to the contrary1--nearly the best1 if not undeniably the best1 woodcock-shooting in ,ireland until the very end of the season4 ,this1 too1 is saying a big word1 for woodcock-shooting in the emerald isle is the cream of sport4 #cih4 ,now our spectacled acquaintance 7#cid71 capital sportsman as he was1 owed his numerous shots solely to his great pedestrian powers1 and the large development of his organ of locality4 ,it is sometimes difficult enough1 even with a clever dog1 to spring a jack snipe1 and you will not tell me that he 7not master ,jack1 but the gentleman7 would not have bagged more birds1 and have had to walk over less ground1 had he possessed as good an animal as that which helped to destroy the ,fort ,adjutant's preserve4 ,and do you think that our friend with the barnacles1 who was in no way of a misanthropical disposition1 would not thus have more enjoyed his day's sport8 ,he might have been assured that birds1 if they would not lie for a good-nosed dog1 who hunted as cautiously as the officer's1 would not lie for his walking them up4 ,and if on a boisterous day he chose to shoot down wind 7as snipe fly against it71 why should he not call his companion in to heel1 and afterwards employ him when re-hunting the same ground up wind8 ,an experienced old dog1 would rarely1 however1 when beating down wind1 pass by many birds without noticing them4 #cii4 ,we often hear of sportsmen shooting against each other for considerable sums in our best partridge-counties1 where the game is so abundant that they consider it most advisable to employ no dog1 save one or two retrievers4 ,i at once admit that they act judiciously in not hunting any ordinary animal1 but ,i am confident that the competitor who used such a cautious dog as the officer's 7#cie71 would not only get more shots than his opponent1 but be able to kill to a greater certainty1 because better prepared for every rise4 ,the quantity of game would not have confused that first-rate dog1--his nose was too discriminating4 ,he would have walked quietly1--almost crept1--up to every bird1 and ,i will venture to say would not have sprung one out of shot1 that would not have risen as readily had he been left in his kennel4 ,in the match that came off in ,october1 '#ej1 at ,lord ,l----h's1 ,r----d ,hall1 between the ,squire ,o----n and ,mr4 ,c----d1--both good performers--so many birds would not have been missed had the sportsmen been warned to look out for most of their shots by a careful dog's drawing upon the birds4 ,victory would have sided with the party thus aided4 #djj4 ,i said 7#cih71 ,an experienced old dog would rarely1 however1 even when beating down wind1 pass by many birds without noticing them3 and most fortunate is it that this is the case1 for otherwise you would seldom get a shot to a point at partridge when the ground is wet1 and the birds have taken to running ahead along furrow--or1 as is frequently the case1 are all making off in one direction1 probably seeking the shelter of some well-known friendly cover4 ,should you think this likely to happen1 you must1 without minding what quarter the wind blows from1 commence your beat by traversing the ground that lies between them and their place of refuge4 ,even then you will often find that they will rather face you1 than be diverted from their original design4 #dja4 ,in large turnip-fields you would do well when birds are wild to hunt the outer parts first1 and so gradually work round and round towards the centre4 ,then return to the outer parts1 and again work round the borders4 ,the birds thus finding themselves headed in every direction are much more likely to lie than if you had not so manoeuvred4 ,on such occasions the great advantages of caution in dogs1 and of their prompt obedience to the hand are made manifest4 ,i heard of a man who1 in order to make birds lie close in turnips1 used to direct his little boy to trot his pony round and round the field4 ,the plan was very successful4 ,the birds seemed quite bewildered1 especially when time had been allowed for the boy to complete the circuit before the dogs were permitted to enter4 ,i remember a good sportsman telling me that he had more than once succeeded in making wild birds lie by attaching soft-sounding bells to the collars of his pointers4 ,the novel sound appeared to arrest the attention of the partridges4 ,this seems opposed to what is said in #gd about bells used in cover scaring game4 ,page ,header3 ,,driest ,,ground ,,hunted4 #djb4 ,high winds and rain greatly disturb birds2 and if you are a tyro in partridge-shooting you should thank me for recommending you1 if you are ever so anxious to get a few shots1 to wait for the first hour of sunshine after such weather1#gg and then to hunt the driest grounds1 where you probably will find the birds not feeding1 but quietly reposing1 after the knocking about they have undergone4 ,but1 my young friend1 ,i should like to give you another hint4 ,when it is late in the season1 instead of constantly beating the denuded stubbles1 try the wild uncultivated lands 7if there are any in your neighbourhood7 where it is likely the birds will be found searching for the common grass-seeds which they neglected when more palatable grain could be easily obtained4 ,wind without wet sometimes makes wild birds lie1--probably because they do not hear the sportsman's footsteps4 #djc4 ,after you have sprung a covey1 and succeeded in killing the old pair1 should the scent be bad1 give the young birds time to run a little before you let your dogs hunt for them4 ,late in the season1 in hot1 dry weather1 such delay is frequently productive of much good1 for partridges will often at such times not move an inch from the spot where they first pitched2 thereby emitting so little scent that an ordinary dog will not be able to find them1 however accurately you may have marked the place where they opened their wings preparatory to dropping4 ,page ,header3 ,,kill ,,old ,,birds4 #djd4 ,if1 when first a covey rose1 the old pair was knocked over1 the young ones would lie singularly close1 awaiting the accustomed1 unspellable1 unpronounceable parental call4 ,but there is a yet stronger reason why the precedence and attention usually given to age should not in the present instance be withheld4 ,old birds1 whether breeding or barren1 drive off the younger ones during the breeding season4 ,some sportsmen1 ,i am aware1 deem this opinion a vulgar prejudice2 but1 if it be well founded1 common sense bids us kill the old birds1 that the young ones may have undisturbed possession of their ground4 ,they must be unusually small squeakers if they cannot shift for themselves early in ,september1 particularly if the weather be warm4 ,they will come to no harm1 where the keeper has done his duty as a trapper4 ,on estates infested with vermin1 they will1 of course1 suffer from the absence of the warning parental cry4 ,there are country gentlemen who go so far as to have the old birds shot in ,august 7when they can readily be distinguished even in the most forward coveys71 well knowing that a jealous old pair of partridges will take possession of as much ground in spring1 as would suffice for nearly half-a-dozen young couples2 especially if the latter belong to the same covey1 and are therefore accustomed to associate together2 for1 contrary to the general laws of nature1 these birds breed in and in4 #dje4 ,old hen-pheasants should also be killed off3--they are barren1 and are accused of sucking the eggs of the younger birds4 ,they may be readily distinguished by their deeper and more brilliant plumage4 ,as a case in point1-- ,page ,header3 ,,yorkshire ,,gamekeeper',s ,,advice4 #djf4 ,i know of a gentleman going to the ,north to reside on a small property1 where the game had not been preserved for years4 ,he at once engaged a clever keeper1 who joined him immediately after the conclusion of the shooting season4 ,in a few days the latter requested to see his master4 ,well1 ,george1 ,i fear you don't find much game4 ,the other replied1 in broad ,yorkshire dialect1 ,no-o1 sir1 no--nt mutch4 ',a' been thruff 7through7 t' covers1 and seen some auld budds--and1 please1 sir1 ,i'd loike to sht 'em4 ,the gentleman started4 ,shoot them6 ,that's an odd way of preserving them1 unless indeed you intend to stuff them4 ,are you mad8 ,there may be only a few birds1 but ,i suppose a few are better than none4 ,no-o1 sir1 no--they beant4 ,a few auld budds is wuss than none4 ,how's that8 ,what do you mean8 ,well1 ,i tell'e1 sir--t' auld uns be so stupid--jealous verr 7very7--t' missis is smtmes 7sometimes7 ees verr--,i sure she is4 ,they fight t' young uns1 and can't do with strangers no how4 ,folks say a barren hen1 if she fond 7find7 a nest1 'ill brak all t' eggs4 ,a don't know about that2 perhaps they brak 'em i' t' fighting1 but they be brukken sure enaef4 ,so ye see1 sir1 'spose we have no budds here1 then t' young 'uns1 when t' auld 'uns fight 'em in neighbours' covers1 coom in here to uz--and fond 'emselves quite coomfortuble and bide4 ,and b'sides they'll knw-thy-'ve-n-rght--thy'll knw-thy-'ve-n-rght thmslves1 and so they wunt fight t' new comers4 ,there be sm gentlemen as shts doon one-third of their estate every year1 clean right away--and then t' pheasants and t' partridge coom in like-o-o-o4 ,quite many of them2 yes1 they do like t' settlars in ',merika1 as ' do hear say4 #djg4 ,this homely reasoning of the honest ,yorkshireman#gh prevailed1 and a good show of game the following season satisfactorily established the soundness of his views4 #djh4 ,but we have been astray on the stubbles and in cover1 instead of attending to our friend 7#cid1 #cih7 snipe-shooting in the marshes1 and determining 7for our own satisfaction1 if not for his7 whether the companionship of a good dog would not have greatly added to his enjoyment4 ,doubtless it would2 for ,i appeal to you1 if you are a devotee to the double detonator1 whether it be not a magnificent thing to witness brilliant performance in fine dogs--to watch their prompt obedience--their graceful action--the expression of their intelligent countenances--to hope at the first feathering at a haunt--to participate in the nervous start on a closer touch--to share in the exciting alternation of the cautious road1 and the momentary stop--to exult in the certainty of a sure find--to hesitate in the expectation of a sudden rise1--and1 finally1 to triumph in the fall of the noble old bird you have been steadily following through all his wiles and stratagems8 ,if we have travelled over the past pages together1 ,i hope you will further agree with me in thinking1 that should you shoot over well-educated dogs of your own making1 instead of to dogs broken by others1 your gratification would be as greatly increased as would have been our ,irish acquaintance's1 had he shot to really killing dogs1 instead of possessing none at all4 ,i firmly believe that more than half the pleasure a sportsman derives from shooting1 consists in watching the hunting of well broken dogs1 and that his gratification is nearly doubled if the dogs are of his own training4 ,it was this persuasion that1 on our introduction to each other 7#c71 made me so strongly urge you to break in your dogs yourself4 #dji4 ,i might urge you to do so from yet another motive4 ,what can you name besides glorious hunting that will keep you in strength and prime condition so long as shooting8 ,is not an autumnal excursion to the wild moors1 or even homely stubbles1 far more invigorating than a saunter at the most salubrious watering-place8 ,and would not continued1 though it may be diminished1 zest for the sport induce you to take air and exercise at a time of life when little else would lure you from the fire-side8 ,that shooting1 then1 may not pall upon you as years creep on1 surely you would do well to make the healthy recreation as attractive as possible2 and hunting dogs of your own breaking would undeniably lend it not only a great but an enduring charm4 ,page ,header3 ,,old ,,scotch ,,sportsman4 #daj4 ,a fondness for the beauties of nature1 a sense of freedom while one is inhaling the pure mountain breezes1 and it may be a consciousness of power1 have made men bordering on four-score continue to love their guns with a feeling somewhat akin to the fervour of their first love1 as is well exemplified in an aged tenant of ,mr4 ,w----n of ,edinburgh1 to whom ,i have been occasionally indebted for a capital day's sport4 #daa4 ,mr4 ,w----n visiting one of his farms1 found the old man1 who had been a keen sportsman all his life1 labouring under chronic rheumatism 7caught by injudicious exposure in the discharge of his agricultural duties71 so severe as to be obliged to go about on crutches4 ,after the usual salutations1 at meeting1 the farmer began3-- ,may be ye'll think the place negleckit-like1 but ,i'm no able to look after the wark noo4 ,keep a good heart1 said ,mr4 ,w----n2 things are looking well enough4 ,i suppose you are pining after the shooting--you can get no sport now4 ,ye may weel think that1 replied the farmer1 adding in a sort of chuckle and confidential undertone1 the auld gun and me is no parted yet4 ,but1 rejoined ,mr4 ,w----n1 you surely don't mean that you can still kill birds8 ,you can hardly manage that4 ,i can manage it fine1 observed the other1 with some pique2 the cart takes me to the neeps4#gi ,the bit callant#hj helps me oot4 ,i hirple#ha on4 ,when the dog maks a point1 doon gang the crutches--the laddie takes haud o' me1 and though my legs is neither straught nor steady1 my e'e is as true as yer ain4 #dab4 ,breaking in dogs is not only an invigorating bodily exercise1 but a healthy moral training2 for to obtain great success1 you must have much patience and self-command2 and whatever may be your rank or position in life1 ,beckford--not he of ,fonthill1 but the man whose memory is held in veneration by all ,nimrods for his admirable ,thoughts on ,hunting--will not allow you to plead1 as an excuse1 for what just possibly may be want of energy or sad laziness1 that breaking in dogs for your own gun is an ungentlemanly or unbecoming recreation4 ,i grant he is speaking of instructors of hounds1 but his words in their spirit are fully as applicable to the instructors of pupils accustomed to the smell of gunpowder4 ,page ,header3 ,,beckford ,,cited4 #dac4 ,in his #bb;d letter he writes1 ,it is your opinion1 ,i find1 that a gentleman might make the best huntsman4 ,i have no doubt that he would1 if he chose the trouble of it4 ,i do not think there is any profession1 trade1 or occupation1 in which a good education would not be of service2 and hunting1 notwithstanding that it is at present exercised by such as have not had an education1 might without doubt be carried on much better by those that have4 ,i will venture to say fewer faults would be committed1 nor is it probable the same faults would be committed over and over again as they now are4 ,huntsmen never reason by analogy1 nor are they much benefited by experience4 ,i fear we may say the same of the generality of keepers1 for decidedly dog-breaking has not kept pace with the manifest improvements in other arts4 ,few brigades--indeed few dogs are now-a-days broken like ,major ,b----d's 7#bea71 or ,captain ,j----n's 7#edb74 ,but ,i do not intend to say it is necessary2 all that is merely for show might be advantageously dispensed with4 ,illustration3 ,,scene ,,from ',,cripple-,,gait4'--',,game' ,,to ,,the ,,last4--,par4 #daa4 #dad4 ,it is hard to imagine what it would be impossible to teach a dog1 did the attainment of the required accomplishment sufficiently recompense the instructor's trouble4 ,most of us have heard of the celebrated dog ,munito1 who1 at some private signal from his master1 quite imperceptible to the spectator1 would select from a pack of outspread cards that which the spectator had named to the master in a whisper1 or merely written on a piece of paper4 #dae4 ,in the unenclosed parts of ,france1 when the young crops are on the ground1 you may frequently see a shepherd's dog trusted to prevent the sheep from nibbling the tender wheat growing contiguous to the grass1 which he peaceably permits them to crop within a foot of the tempting grain2 but he is keenly watching1 ready to dart at the first epicure who cannot resist a bite at the forbidden dainty2 and so ably and zealously does the dog discharge his duties1 that even in such trying circumstances will the shepherd leave his sheep for hours together under the charge of their sagacious and vigilant guardian4 ,in a similar manner1 a couple of dogs1 stationed one at each flank of a large flock1 effectually protect the vineyards from their depredations4 ,the latter you will think not so remarkable an instance of discrimination as the former2 for1 compared with the difference in appearance between the herbage and the vine1 there is but little between the young grain and the adjacent grass4 #daf4 ,who has not read with intense delight the tales of the almost incredible intelligence and devotion to their duties of the ,scotch collie dogs1 as related by the ,ettrick ,shepherd8 ,he mentions one which1 when his master was speaking1 evidently understood much of what was said4 ,page ,header3 ,,fairy ,,and ,m,,dor4 #dag4 ,i know a lady who had a small1 nearly thorough-bred ,king ,charles4 ,being one day desired by her mother to ring the bell1 she turned to the dog1 and said1 very energetically1 ,fairy1 ring the bell4 ,the little dog had no previous training1 but she had been observant1 and was imitative4 ,she immediately sprung at the bell rope1 and pulled it4 ,fairy1 indeed1 unfortunately pulled with great violence--the rope came down1 and so alarmed was she 7remember how ,i have cautioned you never to alarm your pupil71 that no subsequent coaxing could induce her to return to the bell4 ,but if she had not been frightened1 she might have become as serviceable a bell-ringer as the little dog that preceded her in the office of pet4 ,that predecessor 7the mention of a useful pet1 though a lady was not his instructor1 will1 ,i hope1 redeem my character with the fair sex7 saved his young mistress from many an interruption of work and study1 by ringing the bell on command4 ,and ,bob was discreet in his spontaneous ringings4 ,he never rang without a cause2 but if he was unreasonably detained by himself1 or a visitor's knock remained too long unanswered1 the tardy attendant was warned of his remissness by a loud peal4 #dah4 ,a ,french lady1 who is fond of animals1 at my request committed the following anecdote to paper3-- #dai4 ,my dear ,mdor1 a beautiful red and white setter1 was remarkable1 ,i am told1 for many rare qualities as a sporting dog2 but1 of course1 none of these could be compared1 in my eyes1 to his faithfulness and sagacity4 ,i looked upon him as a friend2 and ,i know that our affection was mutual4 ,i could mention several instances of his intelligence1 ,i might say reflection1 but one in particular gave me such delight that1 though years have since passed away1 all the circumstances are as fresh in my memory as if they had occurred but yesterday4 ,i was returning from school at ,versailles1 and having rung uselessly for a little time at the front door1 ,i went round to the carriage-gate to have a chat with my silky-haired favourite4 ,he barked anxiously2 thrust his cold nose through an opening near the ground2 scratched vigorously to increase its size2 and in numerous ways testified great joy at again hearing my voice4 ,i put my hand under the gate to caress him1 and while he was licking it1 ,i said in jest1 but in a distinct1 loud voice1 ',dear ,mdor1 ,i am shut out--go1 bring me the keys4' ,it so happened that the stable where they usually hung was not closed4 ,mdor ran off1 and in a few seconds returned and placed them in my hands4 ,i will not attempt to describe my gratification at such a striking proof of his intelligence1 nor his evident pride at seeing me enter the hall2 nor yet the fright of the servant at thinking how long the street-door must have been carelessly left open4 ',mdor deserves that his life should be written1' said ,i to my uncle when afterwards telling him the whole story2 ',i am sure his deeds are as wonderful as those related of the ,chiens clbres by ,de ,frville4' ,my setter was immediately declared ',keeper of the ,keys1' and forthwith invested with all the rights of office1--nor was this confidence misplaced4 ,he would never give up his charge to any one but to my uncle or myself2 and always seemed fully sensible of the dignity and responsibility of his new position4 ,page ,header3 ,,sultan ,,and ,,the ,,gate-,,key4 #dbj4 ,another anecdote touching keys4 ,a family residing at ,chepstow had a house with a gate leading into the castle-ditch1 and they used to pass through it almost daily in order to avoid the bustle of the town4 ,the key of this gate was kept in the kitchen1 and a black retriever1 ,sultan by name1 was accustomed to ask the cook for it by pulling her dress until he succeeded in bringing her under the nail on which the key was hung1 and he always returned it most honestly when the family had done with it4 ,one day1 however1 having brought it back as usual1 he found the cook too busy to attend to him1 and1 growing impatient he trotted off with it1 and for a whole fortnight it was missing4 ,at length ,miss ----1 being much inconvenienced by its loss1 armed herself with a whip1 and1 standing by the gate1 called the dog1 and said in a very determined tone1 ,now1 ,sultan1 bring me that key directly4 ,off he went to a gooseberry-bush1 scratched up the key1 and brought it to her4 ,he had1 probably1 found the same spot a safe depository for many a bone4 #dba4 ,mr4 ,a----n1 with whom ,i was slightly acquainted1--a man of great originality1 and singular shrewdness and intelligence1--had a dog called ,taffy1 who had a remarkable aptitude for comprehending whatever was told him4 ,he knew by name every member of ,mr4 ,a----n's family1 though composed at least of ten individuals4 ,on his master's saying1 ,taffy1 give so-and-so a grip1 the dog would to a certainty take hold of the right person4 ,harder1 ,taffy1--give a harder grip2 the dog would bite more firmly4 ,at the third order1 ,harder1 my boy1--yet harder1 the party assaulted would be too glad to sue for mercy2 for no one dared to strike ,taffy excepting ,mr4 ,a----n4 ,even to him the animal never submitted quietly1 but kept growling and snarling whenever he was being punished--indeed1 on more than one occasion he fought for the mastery1 but unsuccessfully1 for few men are more resolute than was ,mr4 ,a----n4 ,page ,header3 ,,taffy ,a ,,good ,,watch-,,dog4 #dbb4 ,taffy was an admirable watch-dog1 and fully sensible of the responsible duties that devolved upon him4 ,it happened that1 in a violent storm1 late one evening1 when ,mr4 ,a----n was from home1 the force of the wind drove in the front door4 ,taffy forthwith commenced a search from the bottom of the house to the top1 apparently to ascertain that no stranger had entered1 and he then went downstairs4 ,next morning he was found lying across the door-mat1 where evidently he had remained the whole night1 although the cold and wet had been most severe4 #dbc4 ,taffy's character was so established as a sagacious1 faithful guardian1 that ,mr4 ,a----n's sister-in-law1 feeling nervous at her husband's being obliged to leave home1 begged the loan of ,taffy for a few nights4 ,mr4 ,a----n consented1 and ordered ,taffy1 manifestly to his great annoyance1 to remain at the house4 ,four days afterwards he reappeared at home1 when ,mr4 ,a----n1 in the belief that he had run away1 was about to beat him1 but was persuaded to suspend the punishment until it was ascertained whether ,mrs4 ---- had not brought him into the neighbourhood4 ,about an hour afterwards she arrived to make inquiries about the dog1 who1 she said1 had left her house the moment her husband put his foot withinside the door4 #dbd4 ,taffy was also a sporting character1--,i fear ,i ought to say a poaching character1--for he was a peculiar dog1 he had peculiar ideas--would that such ideas were more peculiar--on the subject of game1 and fancied all means lawful that insured success4 ,in the ,isle of ,wight there once were 7probably the spot is now drained7 ten or twelve acres of marsh-land1 nearly surrounded by water1 much in the shape of a horse-shoe4 ,it was a favourite resort for hares1 as ,taffy well knew4 ,his bulk prevented his ever having a chance of catching any in a fair run2 he used1 therefore1 to dodge about between them and the outlet1 and would so worry and distress them1 that he was pretty certain of eventually carrying off one as a prize4 #dbe4 ,we all remember the story of the unfortunate tailor deluged with a shower of dirty water by the indignant elephant whose proboscis he had imprudently insulted in the morning by pricking it with his needle1 instead of presenting the expected delicacy4 ,it would appear as though ,taffy had heard and understood the anecdote4 ,he was once pelted with stones by some boys from behind a wall3 having then no means of retaliating1 he seemed to take the affront quietly1 but he did not forget it2 he patiently bided his time1 and1 as opportunities offered1 avenged himself upon each successively by knocking them down in the dirt2 nor did he allow one to escape unpunished1 though some of them avoided him for three weeks or a month4 ,there were six offenders1 and he made all the six expiate their offences in a dirty kennel4 ,page ,header3 ,,taffy ,,purloins4 #dbf4 ,indeed1 ,taffy would never allow anybody1 young or old1 to play tricks upon him with impunity4 ,on one occasion1 when the labourers had left off work to take their dinners1 one of them amused himself by offering ,taffy a piece of bread stuck on the end of a knife1 and by suddenly turning it over1 managed to give the dog a rap on the nose with the handle1 on his attempting to seize the proffered gift4 ,taffy bore the joke patiently for some time2 but at length1 thinking that his good-nature was unduly taxed1 and perceiving also that the loaf was fast decreasing1 he determined to turn the tables4 ,bristling up1 therefore1 he jumped1 open-mouthed1 at the man1 and so alarmed him1 that in his fright he dropped the bread1 and ,taffy quietly walked off with it1 much to the delight of the bystanders4 #dbg4 ,though ,taffy's natural parts were so great1 they were doubtless improved by education4 ,if ,mr4 ,a----n ever called the dog's attention to a thing by pointing at it1 the dog would1 to nearly a certainty1 bring it to him when he had got well out of sight1 and was1 therefore1 not likely to be suspected of participating in the robbery4 ,many a time has ,taffy run off with the finest fish from the side of the unsuspecting angler1 who1 until he was enlightened upon the subject on its safe restoration1 may in his bewilderment have gravely considered whether1 under very favouring circumstances1 it would be possible for a trout to possess the same vitality and power of locomotion as an eel4 ,it always tended to the maintenance of the piscator's proverbial reputation for patience and equanimity1 that he should not detect ,taffy in the commission of the theft2 for the dog would constantly show fight rather than give up the prize4 ,he evinced yet greater adroitness in securing pigeons4 ,on numerous occasions bets have been laid1 and rarely lost1 that he would bring home the particular one indicated to him out of a large flock feeding on the ground2 for he would patiently crouch1--perhaps affecting to be asleep1--until it incautiously afforded him the opportunity of seizing it2 but so careful was he of his charge1 that he invariably delivered it up to his master1 perfectly uninjured4 #dbh4 ,with all his cunning and eccentricities1 ,taffy was passing honest1 and seldom purloined on his own account2 but ,i regret to say it is recorded of him1 that in a moment of weakness and hunger he yielded to temptation4 ,the instance was this4--,taffy observed a woman seated at a cottage-door feeding her child4 ,he earnestly begged for a share1 but in vain4 ,remarking1 however1 that she frequently turned round to dip the spoon into something1 he contrived to creep behind her without her perceiving him1 when to his satisfaction he discovered a basin of pap on the floor4 ,it was too hot to gobble up at once2 so waiting quietly until her attention was drawn away1 he cautiously took up the crock and trotted off with it--to the good woman's dismay1 who was wondering what had become of her dear baby's dinner--and1 without spilling any of the contents1 carried it to a convenient distance1 where he leisurely ate up all the carefully-prepared food1 leaving the basin perfectly undamaged1 and as clean as if it had been washed by the most praiseworthy housewife4 ,page ,header3 ,,taffy',s ,,parentage4 #dbi4 ,other stories could be told of ,taffy's sagacity1 but these you will probably think more than sufficient4 ,however1 you would perhaps like to hear how he was bred4 ,no one can tell you more than that1 judging from his appearance1 he must have had a strain of the ,newfoundland in him1 for the circumstances attending his birth and parentage are nearly as singular as his character4 #dcj4 ,a ship was lost in a storm off the ,needles1 in #ahaa4 ,nothing was saved1 not a plank whereon was a letter to indicate to what country she belonged4 ,for some weeks afterwards1 a farmer in the ,isle of ,wight found that regularly every night one of his sheep was destroyed4 ,a watch was set4 ,the culprit was at length discovered to be a strange1 savage-looking dog1 supposed to have escaped from the wreck4 ,for many1 many nights it baffled its pursuers1 but was at length wounded1 and tracked by its blood to a cave1 where it was killed4 ,three young pups were found4 ,one of them1 the said ,taffy1 was saved1 and brought up by hand by ,mr4 ,a----n1 who became so fond of it that their attachment might almost be said to be mutual4 ,taffy lived admired and honoured beyond the term of life usually assigned to the canine race4 ,page ,header3 ,,jesse',s ,,opinion4 #dca4 ,jesse#hb narrates many instances similar to the foregoing1 in his amusing work on ,dogs--a book likely to convince the most sceptical1 that few among us give the canine race credit for half the sagacity and intelligence with which they are really endowed4 ,he asserts1 and ,i1 for one1 fully agree with him1 that there is not a faculty of the human mind1 of which some evident proof of its existence may not be found in dogs4 ,thus1 he says1 we find them possessed of memory1 imagination1 curiosity1 cunning1 revenge1 ingenuity1 gratitude1 devotion or affection1 and other qualities4 #dcb4 ,to this list he ought to have added jealousy3 only this year ,i heard of a stronger instance of it than ,i could have imagined possible4 ,walking near ,devonport1 ,i met a man with two small dogs2 one was evidently a foreigner4 ,apologising for the abruptness of the question1 ,i inquired from what country the animal came4 ,from ,japan4 ,i then asked whether he had ever bred from the other dog1 a most varmint-looking1 wiry little terrier2 he replied that she was three years old1 and had never had but one pup1 which1 because he was fondling it1 she had deliberately killed that very morning1 although it was six weeks old1 and she was still nursing it4 ,i cannot say that she manifested either sorrow for its loss1 or repentance of her unnatural conduct2 on the contrary her joyous gambols seemed to evince her delight at having removed from her path a dreaded rival in the affections of her master4 #dcc4 ,we must all admit that they have much reflection1 or they would not evince the good judgment they so frequently display in unusual circumstances--circumstances in which mere instinct could in no way assist them4#hc ,an industrious couple1 who lived high on the side of one of the romantic ,ennerdale ,hills1 7,cumberland7 in a cottage which had descended through several generations from father to son1 used to gather fuel in a neighbouring wood4 ,they often took their little daughter with them2 but one evening1 whilst hunting for wild flowers1 she strayed beyond their sight or hearing4 ,they searched unceasingly for their lost darling as long as the waning light permitted them to distinguish objects amidst the thick foliage2 and then1 with heavy hearts1 turned towards home1 the father endeavouring to cheer the mother with the hope he could not himself entertain that the little girl might have wandered to her accustomed haunts2 but they had the grief of finding that she had not returned2 and fruitless also was the anxious search renewed by torchlight4 ,the poor mother mechanically spread out the frugal supper1 thinking it possible that her husband might partake of the food she could not taste4 ,it would1 however1 have remained on the board untouched had not the old dog seized a large slice of the loaf and rushed out of the cottage4 ,the father quietly observed1 ,i never knew the dog to thieve before4 ,ere the day had fully dawned1 they were again hunting the wood2 but they could discover no trace of their child4 ,at breakfast-time the dog1 as on the preceding evening1 purloined a piece of bread4 ,the man was about to strike the depredator1 but his wife1 her countenance radiant with hope1 stopped him with the exclamation1 ,i am sure he knows where ,agnes is4 ,they ran down hill after him1 and at length found him near the edge of the lake1 lying on the child to keep her warm4 ,she appeared quite satisfied with her position1 and extremely pleased with her shaggy companion4 ,in her small fat fingers she grasped the stolen bread1 together with many flowers she had gathered4 ,page ,header3 ,,philax ,,and ,,brac4 #dcd4 ,you may have seen the account of the marvellous tricks which ,monsieur ,leonard1 by kindness and perseverance1 taught his dogs ,philax and ,brac4 ,that a dog could be tutored into playing as good a game of dominos as a man1 may sound preposterously unreasonable1 but the respectability of the writer compels us to give credence to the recital4 ,page ,header3 ,,showman',s ,,dogs4 #dce4 ,i1 also1 had once the honour of playing a game of dominos with a learned dog1 whose celebrity1 however1 was far inferior to that acquired by ,m4 ,leonard's clever pupil4 ,it thus happened4 ,as ,i was crossing the ,place ,st4 ,sulpice1 at ,paris1 ,i saw a large crowd collected in a circle of considerable diameter round a man who was exhibiting tricks with dogs4 ,he had a great variety4 ,six were yoked in pairs to a light carriage4 ,on the roof sat a terrier dressed up most fantastically1 and who with difficulty retained his elevated position when the carriage was in motion4 ,two others1--one an extremely small animal1 called the petit ,caporal1--were favoured with places in the interior4 ,there were1 also1 two slight greyhounds and a ,russian poodle4 ,total1 a dozen4 ,it may be worthy of note that all1 with1 ,i believe1 only one exception1 were of the masculine gender4 ,they were miserably thin1 but ,i must admit that they appeared attached to their master4 ,illustration3 ,,domini ,,and ',,dominos4'--,par4 #dcd4 #dcf4 ,when ,i joined the group1 the showman was making a dog1 dressed in a petticoat and smart cap1 dance a minuet4 ,then a greyhound leaped1 of course gracefully1 through a hoop held by a boy over his head2 and afterwards trotted1 as ungracefully1 on three legs1 affecting extreme lameness on each alternately4 ,the man then promised numerous surprising feats if he could but collect as many as twelve sous4 ,on summing up the coppers thrown to him1 there appeared to be thirteen4 ,this he averred to be such an unlucky number that he dare not proceed unless some benevolent1 ,christian-like person would break the charm by adding another sou4 ,his demand was immediately complied with4 ,in order to increase the size of the arena--at least1 such ,i conceived to be the reason1 it certainly had the effect--he drove the car fast round the circle4 ,he then spread ten cards on the four sides of an old cloth1 about five feet long1 and of nearly the same width4 ,each card bore a legibly-written number from #j to #i4 ,he invited the spectators to ask for whatever number they pleased1 provided it did not hold doublets1 nor contain more than four of the cyphers2 asserting that his dogs1 without the least assistance from him1 would bring1 in regular order1 the several cards representing the required number2 and to create1 as it seemed to me1 the impression that it was a matter of perfect indifference what dog he took1 he unyoked one of the leaders1--a close-cropped1 small ,dane1--and called him to the centre4 ,i begged a lady who was leaning on my arm1 and whose eyes are generally sharp enough1 to watch the man most carefully4 ,some one demanded #ahbd4 ,the dog went round and round the cloth as if examining every card separately1 and lifted1 in regular succession 7carrying them one by one to his master71 the several numbers composing #ahbd4 ,the dog committed no blunder2 and did not long hesitate in making his selection4 ,another person in the crowd called out for #bi1 when the dog was equally successful2 and on neither occasion could the lady or myself perceive that the man gave the slightest sign4 ,at one time ,i thought ,i had detected that he took a short step forward1 as if to receive the card1 when the dog was about to grasp the right one2 but ,i was soon aware that ,i had only found a mare's nest4 ,page ,header3 ,,card ,,tricks4 #dcg4 ,when reharnessing the ,dane to the carriage1 the showman gave out that1 if duly paid1 he could exhibit before the respectable and discriminating company the feats of a far more wonderful animal4 ,he collected what satisfied him2 and producing two similar packs of common playing cards 7say a dozen in each71 he bade the ,russian come forth and astonish the public4 ,the man distributed one pack along the borders of the cloth2 and handing round the other pack1 he begged as many of the company as pleased1 to take a card4 ,five or six did so4 ,the man then showed what cards remained in his hands to the poodle1 desiring him to point out those that had been taken4 ,the dog walked round and round the cloth1 and one by one fetched the corresponding cards4 #dch4 ,the showman still more astonished the gaping crowd by assuring them that this dog's intellect was so extraordinary and wonderful1 that he could read their most secret thoughts2 and to prove the truth of his assertion1 whilst telling a good-humoured fiacre-driver1 well known to many of them1 to think of a card1 he successfully forced#hd one upon his sight3 and after coachee had1 agreeably to the showman's desire1 whispered to a neighbour what it was1 the dog1 without taking much time for reflection1 selected the true card from among those lying on the cloth4 #dci4 ,the expressions of admiration and bewilderment this feat elicited having somewhat subsided1 the showman again laid out those cards on which the numbers were written4 ,there was a large public clock easily visible from the ,place3 he held the dog's head towards it2 requested him to look at it attentively1 and tell the gentlemen and ladies the exact time1--first the hours1 then the minutes4 ,it was a quarter-past two4 ,the dog brought #b for the hours1 and then #a and #e for the minutes4 #ddj4 ,having now sufficiently worked upon the imagination and credulity of the observers1 the showman drew forth a quantity of small folded papers of various colours2 and having spread them along the edges of the cloth1 he solemnly protested that the dog would tell the fortune of any of his hearers who would first give him a sou4 ,as a guarantee for the dog's ability1 he told them they might compare the several fortunes written on the papers selected for them by the dog1 however numerous they might be1 when it would be found that1 without a single exception1 the canine magician would have foretold to each what could only happen to an individual of his or her sex4 ,the charlatan reaped a plentiful harvest1 for the temptation was strong--to female curiosity especially2 and no one could prove that the dog was ever in error4 ,page ,header3 ,,playing ,,dominos4 #dda4 ,after a laughable exhibition of several of the dogs marching in procession1 which he called the carnival of ,venice1 he affected suddenly to discover that none of the dogs had been allowed a game of dominos4 ,he again unyoked the ,dane1 and asked if any one was willing to become his antagonist4 ,as no one would step forward1 whether from bashfulness or fear of necromancy ,i cannot say1 ,i avowed my willingness to play4 ,there were fourteen dominos4 ,i drew seven4 ,the others were arranged for the dog on the cloth1 far apart from one another4 ,he had the double six1 and he immediately took it up to begin the game4 ,i followed2 and we alternately played a piece in the most orderly and regular manner--the dog carrying the dominos to the man to place for him2 wagging his short stump when he found 7from his master's manner71 that he was right2 and1 to do him justice1 he never made a mistake4 #ddb4 ,although ,i was now close to the showman1 ,i could not remark that he gave the least signal by look1 or by motion of hand or foot3 but ,i fancied--this1 however1 may be only another mare's nest1 though ,i cannot think it was--that ,i heard him make a slight chuckling sound#he 7with his tongue against the roof of his mouth71 whilst the dog was walking round from domino to domino1 which ceased when he approached the right domino1 leaving the man at liberty to jest and talk nonsense for the amusement of the crowd4 ,he had evidently a long string of ready-prepared witticisms4 ,he laughed at the dog for being so long in making up his mind as to what it would be most judicious to play2--told him that he had been so hospitably treated by the good ,parisians1 that it was evident his brains were not so clear as they ought to be1 c41 c43 all which verbiage ,i suspect the dog took as a confirmation that he was making the selection his master wished4 ,the man promised to call upon me2 but ,i was obliged to leave ,paris sooner than ,i had expected1 and ,i never saw him again4 ,page ,header3 ,,excellence ,,expected4 #ddc4 ,our attention1 however1 perhaps you will think1 ought to be confined to instances of intelligence and high education in sporting dogs4 ,well1 then1 in the next ,chapter ,i will speak of what some dogs of that class do in this1 and some are trained to do in other countries2--facts for the truth of which ,i can vouch1 and ,i hope the account will induce you to believe ,i am not unreasonable in asserting that we have a right to require greater excellence in our sporting dogs than what is now regarded by most of us as satisfactory4 ,,chapter ,,xv4 ,,anecdotes ,,of ,,dogs ,,on ,,service ,,abroad4 ,,russian ,,setters4 #ddd4 ,dogs for ,hunting ,bears in ,india4--#dde4 ,polygar ,dogs for ,hunting ,wild ,hog in ,india4--#ddf4 ,beaters in ,india2 the greater utility of ,dogs4--#ddg4 ,mongrel ,pointer in ,india which proved of great value4--#ddh4 ,cross between ,pointer and ,indian ,dog recommended2 in ,note1 ,arab ,greyhounds4--#ddi4 ,coolness necessary in attacking large ,game4--#dej to #deg4 ,k----g's critical encounter with ,elephant4--#deh4 ,sketch of ,scene4--#dei1 #dfj4 ,wounded ,elephant4--#dfa4 ,pot shot at ,bear to be potted4--#dfb4 ,skull of ,indian and ,african ,elephant differs4--#dfc to #dfg4 ,m----e bearding ,lion in ,den4--#dfh4 ,hindu's estimate of courage of ,europeans4 ,encounter with ,wild ,boar4--#dfi4 ,strong ,greyhounds for killing ,kangaroos in ,australia4--#dgj4 ,greyhound hunted with ,falcon4--#dga4 ,the ,creole ,sportsman and admirable little ,cur4--#dgb4 ,his good generalship with ,wild ,hog4--#dgc4 ,the moral of the ,story2 in ,note1 ,guinea-chicks2 ,guinea-birds' eggs1 how taken4 ,cross with ,muscovy ,drake4--#dgd1 #dge4 ,quantity of fish at ,newfoundland4 ,dog ,fishing4--#dgf4 ,sir ,h----d ,d----s4--#dgg to #dhj4 ,newfoundland fetching back ,fox4--#dha4 ,sir ,george ,b----k1 ,r4,n4--#dhb to #dhh4 ,his ,terrier ,muta leading him to ,musk ,bull4--#dhi4 ,his ,sketch of the ,scene4--#dij4 ,lord ,m----f2 the dogs ,captain and ,suwarrow4--#dia4 ,dot-and-go-one1 with his old ,pointer4--#dib4 ,how fairly done by ,captain4--#dic4 ,breakers1 not dogs1 in fault2 they could be taught anything4--#did4 ,rap 7a ,pointer7 hunting covers with ,springers and ,terriers4--#die4 ,shot 7a ,pointer71 on alternate days1 hunting with ,hounds and standing at ,birds4--#dif4 ,how accounted for4--#dig4 ,affection an incentive to exertion2 ,dropper alternately pointing ,grouse and ,snipe2 ,grouse-dog to be rated when noticing ,snipe4--#dih4 ,capital ,dropper from ,russian ,setter2 difficulty of procuring ,russian ,setters4--#dii4 ,bet respecting superiority of two ,keepers in the ,highlands2 how decided4--#ejj4 ,high-priced dogs ought to be highly broken4 #ddd4 ,bears of the common species which we often see led about1 are very numerous in the hilly districts of some parts of ,india4 ,in rocky1 nearly inaccessible places1 the natives hunt them with a strong-set wiry dog4 ,this dog is trained to watch for his opportunity1 and leap very high upon the chest of the bear1 and seize his throat4 ,you would1 perhaps1 think this the most disadvantageous position which the dog could select1 enabling ,bruin to crush him in his powerful embrace4 ,not so4 ,the well-instructed creature draws himself up so high that the bear1 in lieu of crushing his ribs1 merely presses his hips1--and the bear's arms1 instead of injuring his opponent are often his best protection2 for the animals frequently come rolling together to the foot of the hill1 where the hunters despatch poor ,bruin with their spears4 ,page ,header3 ,,boar ,,and ,,polygar ,,dogs4 #dde4 ,in other parts of ,india the natives chase the wild hog with a coarse dog of the ,polygar breed4 ,the dog is taught to seize the hog between the hind-legs when he has turned his head to meet some other assailant1 and to retain the hold until the hunters come up4 #ddf4 ,talking of ,india1 however1 ,i cannot help digressing4 ,why should not more ,europeans residing in that country1 have dogs as well-trained for birds as the ,natives have for the bear and hog8 ,i have often thought what much finer sport ,i should have enjoyed1 when ,i was serving there1 if ,i had then gained as much experience in dog-breaking as ,i now have4 ,as too many young fellows1 belonging both to the ,queen's and ,company's service1 frequently complain of their inability to kill time--7time which so soon kills them67--it is a pity more of them do not take to the innocent amusement of dog-breaking4 ,the broiling sun#hf makes all game lie so close in ,india 7except very early in the morning1 and towards the close of day7 that the best beaters1 unless the number be unusually great1 leave nearly a dozen head of game behind them for every one that is sprung1 especially in jungly ground4 ,the evil is partially1 ,i allow1 but very partially1 remedied in grass-land1 by attaching numerous little bells to the long cord carried by the line of beaters4 ,i have heard of this plan being pursued in ,england in the absence of dogs1 or when the scent was unusually bad4 #ddg4 ,the object at that time of my especial envy was a nondescript belonging to an officer of the ,company's service1 with whom ,i used occasionally to shoot near ,belgaum4 ,the animal had1 ,i fancy1 some cross of pointer in his composition2 so little1 however1 that he never pretended to point4 ,he used just to feather feebly when he happened to get near any game2 and as he was a wretchedly slow potterer1 and never strayed 7for hunting it could not be called7 far from his master1 all that he did put up was well within gun range4 ,his owner thus got nearly twice as many shots as any of his companions4 ,how much his sport would have been increased had he possessed a good dog6 ,page ,header3 ,,anglo-,,indian ,,dogs4 #ddh4 ,now there are some native dogs#hg in ,india with not a bad nose 7those1 for instance1 which are employed to hunt the porcupine at night71 and a breed from them with an ,european pointer#hh would1 doubtless1 prove extremely useful4 ,their strength of constitution would compensate for acknowledged inferiority in every other respect4 ,a cross with the ,spanish ,don would probably be the best1 and the easiest broken in1 as he is so steady and full of point4 ,but the ,hidalgo would be of little service out of the kennel4 ,from his natural inactivity and weight1 he would soon knock up under an ,indian sun4 ,three or four pups would be enough for the dam to rear4 ,those most like the sire should be preserved2 and they might be kept in good health1 if they were occasionally treated to a little calomel overnight1 with castor oil in the morning1 and allowed full liberty to run about for an hour every morning and evening4 ,i knew some greyhounds of a purely ,english breed1 but born in the country1 which were thus maintained in capital health4 ,they belonged to the only litter that the mother ever had4 ,the climate1 which is generally fatal to ,england-born dogs1 killed both the parents within a year after their arrival in ,india4 ,it is best that the pups should be whelped in the latter part of the year1 as they would then acquire some strength before the setting in of the hottest weather1 and be of an age to commence hunting at the beginning of the following cool season4 ,the companionship of dogs in the jungle adds much to the security of the pedestrians4 ,a timid yelp or a clamorous bark gives timely notice of the vicinity of every disagreeable1 dangerous neighbour1 and enables the sportsman to take a cool deliberate aim1 instead of having to make a hurried snapshot at some stealthy panther or tiger1 or the far more formidable foe1 a solitary buffalo4 ,the habit of placing the fore-finger alongside the stock1 and not letting it touch the trigger1 until the moment of firing1 proves very valuable in these critical circumstances4 ,many a barrel has gone off1 even in the hands of an old sportsman1 before he properly covered some vital part of his first royal tiger4 ,the certainty of ignition afforded by a detonator gives great confidence to the present generation of sportsmen4 ,even in the wettest weather1 the waterproof caps manufactured by ,eley and others1 seem to insure an instantaneous fire4 #ddi4 ,great presence of mind in moments of unforeseen1 sudden peril is undoubtedly a gift2 but calmness and self-possession1 fortunately for sportsmen seeking large game 7burrah shicar71 as it is technically termed in ,india1 can be acquired by reflection and habit4 #dej4 ,a friend and old fellow-passenger of mine1 one of the ,colonels ,k----g1--a name that will long be remembered at ,hythe--evinced in #ahaf as much coolness as ,i ever heard of4 ,he was then on the staff at ,ceylon1 and used1 while accompanying the ,governor on his annual tour throughout the island1 to have magnificent sport in places rarely visited by ,europeans4 ,indeed1 his character as a slayer of elephants was so fully established that he was often called elephant-king4 ,page ,header3 ,,rogue-,,elephant4 #dea4 ,on the party arriving one morning within the ,mahagampattoo district1 the ,governor said to ,k----g1 ,surely you will not attack the desperate brute that lately killed those villagers and the two letter-carriers8 ,the sportsmen modestly replied1 ,i cannot say1 sir2 perhaps ,i may4 ,now it is well known that a rogue-elephant is always a formidable animal2 but one recently driven from a herd by a stronger bull is particularly dangerous4 ,in his malignant rage he often wantonly attacks whatever he sees2 and there are several instances of his having displayed extraordinary patience in waiting for imprisoned men who had climbed into trees1 or retreated into caves1 to avoid his fury4 #deb4 ,the elephant the ,governor referred to was1 at that time1 the terror of the surrounding neighbourhood2 for when maddened by jealousy and rage at being expelled after a severe conflict from the harem1 and smarting from the blows and wounds inflicted by his more powerful rival1 he had ventured to attack an unfortunate labourer1 and finding how slight was the resistance offered1 he had since sought opportunities for wreaking his vengeance on man1 of whom he had now lost all his former instinctive dread4 #dec4 ,about four o'clock1 as the ,governor1 ,lady ,b----g1 and the staff1 c41 were seated at dinner1 which was nearly over1 a message that caused some excitement among the hearers was delivered to ,k----g4 ,the ,governor inquired about it4 ,k----g explained that the ,shircarree set as a watch had reported that the much dreaded ,rogue had just left the jungle and appeared upon the plain4 ,k----g asked leave to attack him4 ,lady ,b----g begged that1 escorted by a few gentlemen1 she might be allowed to watch his proceedings from some safe spot4 ,this ,k----g acceded to1 but stipulated that he was then to be left entirely to himself4 ,on getting a view of the low ground1 and observing several herds of elephants scattered over the extensive plain1 her ladyship became nervous1 and returned to the encampment4 ,her brother1 ,mr4 ,b----t and ,mr4 ,g4 7now living in ,london7 remained2 and ,k----g placed them in a secure position amidst some trees standing too close together to admit of the elephant's forcing his large body through1 should he be merely wounded1 and perchance take that direction4 #ded4 ,after carefully examining the localities1 ,k----g made a dtour to prevent the ,rogue from winding him4 ,there was some brushwood1 but no trees1 to cover his approach4 ,the vindictive solitary animal was apparently brooding over his wrongs in an open space rich with the luxuriant vegetation consequent on tropical rains4 ,he began to feed1 striking the ground with each fore-foot alternately1 in order to loosen the grass from the soil4 ,he then collected the herbage with his trunk2 but before carrying the mass to his mouth1 shook it carefully to free the roots from earth4 ,this gave ,k----g the opportunity1 stealthily and creeping low1 to get undetected about twenty paces in rear of him4 ,there he knelt and anxiously awaited the turn of the head that should expose some spot not completely protecting the brain4 #dee4 ,long did he watch1 for the elephant1 when not engaged in feeding1 stood motionless1 save an occasional whisk of his cord-like tail1 or the flopping of his huge ears4 ,at times1 however1 he would slightly bend his head when with his proboscis scattering sand over his body1 in order to drive off some troublesome insect2 at which moment the hopeful sportsman would noiselessly cock his piece1 but only to again half-cock it in disappointment4 ,page ,header3 ,,elephant ,,killed4 #def4 ,messrs4 ,b4 and ,g4 became impatient4 ,they fancied the elephant must have stolen away2 and a peacock happening to fly over their heads1 they fired at it4 ,on hearing the noise1 the elephant wheeled1 and perceived ,k----g4 ,he curled his trunk under his neck1 lowered his head1 and charged4 ,the most vulnerable spot was thus presented4 ,k----g's barrel was deliberately poised1--a cool aim taken1 and the trigger pulled2--but it yielded not6 ,k----g felt1 he told me1 a choking sensation--certain death was before him2 but instantly remembering that he had replaced the piece on half-cock1 he brought it from his shoulder--full-cocked it--raised it again to level--and with unshaken nerve1 and unerring precision1 a second time covered the vulnerable spot4 ,down with a tremendous crash dropped the ponderous brute1 first on his knees1 then on his chest2 and with such speed was he charging that he almost made a complete somerset in the act of falling stone dead near the feet of his comparatively puny conqueror--vanquished by skill and cool intrepidity4 #deg4 ,the party on descending found ,k----g endeavouring to climb up the enormous carcass4 ,they feared the animal might be only stunned1 but ,k----g satisfied them by probing to its brain with his ramrod in the direction the bullet had taken4 #deh4 ,colonel ,w4 7the ,q4 ,master ,general71 who was of the party1 made a spirited sketch of the scene4 ,i have more than once admired it4 ,it is admirably done in red chalk4 ,k----g is seen standing upon the prostrate elephant1 and a number of the natives are represented in their picturesque costumes1 making grateful salaams to the brave sahib who had slain their formidable enemy4 ,underneath the sketch is written ,the ,mighty ,king4 #dei4 ,my friend's nerves were so little affected by his narrow escape that he killed two more elephants the same evening1 and wounded another4 ,it was a long shot across the river4 ,the animal was feeding4 ,k----g waited to aim until he could bring its temple so low as to align with the elbow1 when the head would be in a favourable position for a well-directed ball to penetrate to the brain4 ,but the two oz4 bullet missed the temple2 it1 however1 struck the elbow and fractured the bone4 ,darkness was gradually coming on1--the river was full of alligators1--there was no bridge1--and ,k----g was unwillingly compelled to defer despatching the poor creature until daylight the next morning4 ,he left it ineffectually endeavouring to make use of the fractured limb by frequently lifting it with his trunk and placing it in front4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,mighty ,,king4--,par4 #deh4 #dfj4 ,colonel ,w41 whose artistic sketch shows that he was an undeniable hand at the pencil1 whatever he might be with the rifle1 was ambitious of being able to say he had killed an elephant4 ,he1 therefore1 begged leave to give the wounded animal its coup de grace4 ,it was found wallowing in an adjacent buffalo hole4 ,colonel ,w4 got within twelve yards of it1 but bespattered by the mud the disabled beast threw over him--the novel and only defence it could make--his aim was so uncertain1 that1 after all1 ,k----g had to put the sufferer out of its misery4 #dfa4 ,colonel ,w4's ambition recalls to my mind a singular advertisement1 though ,i cannot think that even he would have answered it had he been in ,london at the time4 ,it appeared in the papers many years ago1 but was too ludicrous not to be still in the recollection of many4 ,a perfumer in ,bishopsgate ,street ,without1 gave notice in conspicuous characters to ,,sportsmen1 that a splendid ,bear was to be killed on his premises1 at which they might have a shot by paying1--,i now forget what exact sum4 ,page ,header3 ,,asiatic ,,and ,,african ,,elephants4 #dfb4 ,i am told that an examination of the skulls of the ,asiatic and ,african elephants would show a marked difference between the two1 and explain why the latter animal cannot be instantaneously killed4 ,in the ,asiatic elephant there is a spot about the size of a man's hand between and somewhat above the eyes1 where a bullet can easily penetrate to the brain when the head is carried low2 whereas the brain1 it is said1 of the ,african elephant is as effectually guarded on the forehead as elsewhere4 ,this might be inferred from a perusal of ,gordon ,cumming's exciting book4 ,murray would not print many of the startling anecdotes related in the manuscript1 fearing they might throw discredit upon the work4 ,but it is1 ,i think1 to be regretted that he did not trust more to the discernment of the public2 and to the strong internal evidence of truthfulness afforded in the descriptions given of the habits of the various beasts which the author had singular opportunities of observing4 #dfc4 ,the mention of ,gordon ,cumming's name1 which is naturally associated with feats of cool daring1 leads one to speak of an old fellow-sportsman of his at the ,cape of ,good ,hope4 ,doubtless there are men of whom it may be almost averred that they know not the sensation of fear4 ,of this number was ,gordon ,cumming's friend ,captain ,g4 ,b4 ,m----e of the #deth4 ,alas6 we must say was1 for that brave heart has ceased to beat4 ,illustration3 ,,cool ,,as ,a ,,cucumber4 ,made the ,caffre boy behind him pull the deadly trigger4--,par4 #dfd4 #dfd4 ,whilst quartered with his regiment at the ,cape1 ,m----e took constant opportunities of encountering single-handed the real lords of the forest in their own wild domain2 and numerous are the stories told by his brother officers of his hair-breadth escapes4 ,gordon ,gumming and he often shot together2 and ,i have heard it said that at a time when his left arm was so much injured as to be perfectly useless1 he went close up to a lion1 which was standing over ,cumming's prostrate body1 and with his right hand aiming at the animal's heart made the ,caffre boy behind him pull the deadly trigger4 ,and does not the little fellow's heroic conduct1 who placed such implicit confidence in his master's address and nerve1 claim much of our admiration6 ,page ,header3 ,,encounter ,,with ,,lion4 #dfe4 ,m----e's courage was reckless4 ,having more than once failed in getting a shot at a formidable lion which had committed great ravages1 and was reported to be of immense size1 he determined upon tracking the beast to his rocky fastness1 and forcing him to a hand-to-hand combat in his very den4 ,one morning a recent spoor#hi enabled him to find the cave he sought1 the entrance of which was so contracted that in order not wholly to exclude the light1 he was compelled to lie down and crawl in upon his elbows4 ,pushing the muzzle of his gun before him1 slowly1 inch by inch he crept on1 expecting every moment to see the large1 glaring1 cat-like eye-balls1 or to hear the menacing growl4 ,his sight becoming more accustomed to the gloom1 he was enabled to scan every crevice1 and was satisfied that the master of the habitation could not have yet returned from his nocturnal rambles4 ,bones of large size were strewn about1 as well as others whose suspicious appearance prompted the involuntary reflection that the absent animal was in very truth the dreaded man-eater who had so long baffled all pursuit4 ,nothing daunted1 but rather aroused by the thought to an increased determination to destroy the monster1 ,m----e resolved quietly to await his return4 #dff4 ,hour after hour passes4 ,the shades of evening fall4 ,the bark of the jackal and the howlings of the hyna1 showing the advance of night1 meet his ear1--but not the longed-for roar of the expected lion4 ,surely he will again seek his lair while the bright moon yet favours the intrepid sportsman4 ,no--he comes not4 ,complete darkness sets in--darkness intense in that deep recess2--but ere long the discordant screams of the peacock announce the early dawn1 and after a while the hot beams of the sun again hush all into silence1 save the busy hum of innumerable insects4 ,horrible suspense6 ,the weary hours drag on--still he returns not2 and there still sits ,m----e1 but not the man he was4 ,anxious excitement--want of sleep--and1 above all1 the deprivation of bodily stimulants1 have done their work4 ,he was agitated and unnerved4 ,to quote his own words when afterwards recounting the adventure1 he would have given worlds to have been away1 or to have had a flask of brandy4 ,what madness1 he thought1 could have tempted him to seek such certain destruction8 ,had the taint of his feet raised the animal's suspicions8 ,was his presence detected8 ,and was the shaggy monster watching outside1 crouching low1 ready to spring when his victim should be forced by hunger to emerge8 ,quit he dare not2 yet to remain with nerves unstrung was terrible4 ,in his diseased state of mind imagination conjured up awfully harrowing scenes in which man in his feebleness had succumbed2--and was it really decreed that his crushed bones should mingle unhonoured and unnoticed with the heap around him8 ,hours that seemed days of torture passed away--again the sun reached the zenith--again it sets--and again it shines upon the remains of huge limbs1 and upon those of slighter mould that bear a fearfully close resemblance to his own6 ,the sun has sunk behind the summit of the distant hills1 already the short twilight commences4 ,can he survive another night of horrors1 or shall he1 risking all1 rush forth4 #dfg4 ,suddenly a deep and angry growl is heard4 ,it acts as music upon his soul--his nerves are at once restored to their pristine firmness--strong is his pulse--steady his hand2 his countenance lights up with hope and animation2 and as the cave is darkened by the entrance of its legitimate but no longer dreaded owner1 the favourite barrels are deliberately levelled with the accustomed deadly aim4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,regular ,,bore4 ,dropped upon his right knee1--brought his firelock to the charging position4--,par4 #dfh4 ,page ,header3 ,,encounter ,,with ,,boar4 #dfh4 ,the ,hindoos1 who are naturally an inoffensive timid race1 have an almost fabulous reverence for the courage of ,europeans1 whom they often term fighting devils--an epithet applied in no disparaging way1 but1 on the contrary1 as the highest of compliments4 ,the ,assistant-surgeon 7,b----h7 and a ,lieutenant 7,d----n71 of a regiment to which ,i once belonged on the ,indian establishment1 were travelling up the country4 ,on arriving early one morning at their breakfast tent 7which had been sent forward as usual the preceding evening71 they were met by the ,cutwal and principal men of the small village1 bearing a trifling present of fruit4 ,after many salaams1 the deputation said that the villagers were in the greatest distress1--that an enormous wild boar and a sow had taken up their abode in the neighbouring sugar plantation1--that the crop was fully ripe1 but that whenever the labourers ventured in to cut the canes they were driven out by a charge of the swine2 that the whole body1 women as well as men1 had united more than once in an attempt to alarm the intruders with the noise of tomtoms1 cholera horns1 firing of matchlocks1 c41 but that the unclean brutes would not leave1 and that the inhabitants had nearly resigned all hope of saving the crop1 when they had the happiness of hearing that an ,english officer was expected1 who1 as a matter of course1 could have no objection to shoot the vicious animals4 ,d----n and ,b----h willingly consented to start directly after breakfast4 ,the former was a keen sportsman1 but the latter had never fired a gun2 however1 he said he would do his best2 and being furnished with an old musket1 he sallied forth at fixed bayonets4 ,almost the moment they entered the cover a crashing noise warned them to be on their guard4 ,the boar1 without an instant's hesitation1 rushed at the invaders1 making a special selection of the individual least accustomed to arms4 ,b----h1 in no way daunted1 dropped upon his right knee1--brought his firelock to the charging position1--and calmly waited to pull trigger until the formidable beast was so close upon the bayonet1 that he knocked the piece out of ,b----h's grasp1 and sent him spinning heels over head4 ,on regaining his feet1 ,b----h found that his formidable adversary was already dead2 the bayonet1 much bent in the encounter1 was buried deep in his huge chest2 and subsequent examination showed that the ball had severed his heart into two nearly equal portions4 ,the sow had apparently quickly become aware of the mischance that had befallen her mate1 for she ignominiously fled from the field at her best pace4 ,in reply to the thanks1 congratulations1 and encomiums bestowed upon the worthy ,assistant-surgeon for his success and admirable coolness1 he quietly observed1 that all was well that ended well2 that it was an awful beast2 and that he would take precious good care never voluntarily to encounter such another2--that he had had his first shot1 and fervently hoped it would be his last4 ,page ,header3 ,,greyhounds ,,and ,,kangaroo4 #dfi4 ,to hark back1 however1 to our subject4 ,greyhounds of a large rough kind are trained in some parts of ,australia to course the kangaroo4 ,a kangaroo when he is brought to bay#ij would disable a great number of dogs1 however bold and strong they might be1 should they incautiously attack him in front3 for while he is sitting upon his hind-quarters1 or standing upright1 he can by one blow1 or rather strike of his hind-leg1 which is furnished with huge claws1 tear open the strongest greyhound from the chest downwards2 and many dogs have been thus killed4 ,as soon1 therefore1 as a large kangaroo is seen1 a well-educated brace of greyhounds are slipped4 ,for some time1 by a succession of enormous bounds1 the animal keeps far ahead of his pursuers--especially when running up hill1 where he is as much favoured by his long hind-legs as a hare is by hers1--and all are soon lost to the sight of unmounted hunters4 ,when he has been overtaken and brought to bay1 one of the trained dogs keeps him there2 and this he does barking round and round him1 threatening every moment to fly at him4 ,the other dog returns to the hunters1 and leads them to the spot where his companion is detaining the kangaroo3 and so completely does the noisy assailant engage the attention of the unfortunate beast1 that the hunters are frequently enabled to approach unperceived1 and stun him with a blow over the head4 ,an old kangaroo is there termed by the hunters an old man2#ia the flesh of a young one is1 however1 by many considered very delicate eating4 ,a powerful dog will kill a small kangaroo single-handed2 and if properly taught1 will then seek for his master1 and conduct him to the body4 ,page ,header3 ,,greyhounds1 ,,falcon1 ,,and ,,deer4 #dgj4 ,in ,persia and many parts of the ,east greyhounds are taught to assist the falcon in the capture of deer4 ,when brought within good view of a herd the bird is flown1 and at the same moment the dog is slipped4 ,the rapid sweep of the falcon soon carries him far in advance4 ,it is the falcon who makes the selection of the intended victim1--which appears to be a matter of chance1--and a properly-trained greyhound will give chase to none other1 however temptingly close the alarmed animals may pass him4 ,the falcon is instructed to aim at the head only of the gazelle1 who soon becomes bewildered2 sometimes receiving considerable injury from the quick stroke of its daring adversary4 ,before long the gazelle is overtaken by the greyhound4 ,it is not always easy to teach a dog to avoid injuring the bird1 which is so intent upon its prey as utterly to disregard the approach of the hound4 ,death would probably be the penalty adjudged to him for so heinous an offence2 for a well-trained falcon is of great value4 ,you can readily imagine that neither it nor the greyhound could be properly broken unless the instructor possessed much judgment and perseverance4 ,the sport is very exciting2 but the spectator must be well-mounted1 and ride boldly who would closely watch the swift1 varying evolutions of the assailing party1 and the sudden evasions of the helpless defendant4 ,the education of this falcon is conducted on the same principle as that of the cheeta4--7,note to #bhd47 ,the lure is a stuffed gazelle4 ,it is placed at gradually increased distances4 ,the raw meat is fixed between its eyes1 and the concluding lessons terminate with the sacrifice of a few tame or maimed deer2 a portion of whose warm flesh is given to the bird as a reward for his aid in recapturing the unfortunate creatures4 ,illustration3 ,,there ,,are ,,bounds ,,to ,,sport4 ,by a succession of enormous bounds1 the animal keeps far ahead4--,par4 #dfi ,page ,header3 ,,barbuda ,,cub4 #dga4 ,an officer1 quartered at ,antigua1 used occasionally to obtain permission to shoot on an island called ,barbuda1 in the possession of ,sir ,bethel ,codrington4 ,it is a strange spot1--a coral rock just emerging from the sea1 its highest point being no more than one hundred and twenty feet above the water4 ,the horses1 cattle1 and everything on the island are wild1 save the manager and two overseers1 its only white inhabitants4 ,the former 7,i speak of the year #ahce7 was a splendidly built man1 not very refined1 but full of energy1 an excellent shot1 and an indefatigable sportsman4 ,no ,indian had a keener eye for a trail4 ,a turned leaf or a broken twig told him the path1 and almost the distance1 of the hog or deer which he was pursuing through the dark intricacies of stunted trees1 cactus1 and long grass1 with which the island is1 in a great measure1 covered4 ,a small mangy-looking mongrel1 with a long thin muzzle1 and lanky body1 always accompanied him4 ,the sagacity of this brute1 and his powers of scenting game1 were most remarkable4 ,he generally walked about ten yards in front of his master1 and suddenly throwing his nose high in the air1 would quicken his pace1 and trot up wind4 ,gradually again his pace would slacken1--the trot was changed to a walk1 the walk to stealthy creeping1 when he would raise each foot with the greatest caution1 putting it down as noiselessly as though shod with velvet1 most carefully avoiding the crisp leaves and dry twigs1 for fear of making the slightest sound4 ,presently he would stand stock-still 7the inclination to point is1 ,i think1 more general among dogs than many men suppose7 and look at his master2 but he never did this unless the game was well within shot4 ,his master would now peer closely round1 and his eagle-eye never failed to detect the tip of a horn1 or a dappled spot1 showing where a fallow-deer was feeding4 ,if there was a flock of ,guinea-birds1#ib 7which are numerous in ,barbuda17 the sagacious little creature would wait until the gun was close to him1 and then1 to prevent their running1 would dash in and spring them4 ,illustration3 ,,warm ,,greeting ,,of ,a ,,great ',,bore4'--,par4 #dgb4 ,page ,header3 ,,cur ,,and ,,wild ,,hog4 #dgb4 ,if a hog was in the wind1 the cur dashed off immediately1 following the animal until it stopped at bay1 when a shrill bark warned the sportsman of the scene of action4 ,the tiny animal had many a scar on his rugged hide1 cut by hogs1 with whose ears and heels he frequently took liberties2 but1 up to the time that the officer left that part of the world1 the dog had escaped serious injury by his good generalship and activity4 ,he certainly had a very just estimate of his own physical powers1 for with young porkers he stood on little ceremony1 rushing into them at once1 and worrying and holding them until the hunter came to his assistance4 #dgc4 ,you might draw a useful moral from this long story by considering for a moment what kind of sport our ,creole acquaintance would have had1 and what number of ,guinea-birds1 wild hogs1 and deer 7capital shot as he was7 he would have killed in the year1 had he been obliged to speak to the little cur when hunting4 ,the calculation1 ,i fancy1 would not be found difficult from the number of figures employed in the enumeration4 #dgd4 ,you may think the foregoing a tough yarn1 but ,i have now in my mind an instance of sagacity in a ,newfoundland1 apparently so much less entitled to credence1 that ,i should be afraid to tell it 7though the breed is justly celebrated for its remarkable docility and intelligence71 if its truth could not be vouched for by ,capt4 ,l----n1 one of the best officers in the navy2 and who1 when ,i had the gratification of sailing with him1 commanded that noble ship1 the ,vengeance4 ,illustration3 ,,invitation ,,to ,a ',,white-,,bait' ,,dinner4--,par4 #dge4 ,page ,header3 ,a ,,newfoundland ,,fishing4 #dge4 ,at certain seasons of the year the streams in some parts of ,north ,america1 not far from the coast1 are filled with fish to an extent you could scarcely believe1 unless you had witnessed it--and now comes the ,munchausen story4 ,a real ,newfoundland1 belonging to a farmer who lived near one of those streams1 used1 at such times1 to keep the house well supplied with fish4 ,he thus managed it3--,he was perfectly black1 with the exception of a white fore-foot1 and for hours together he would remain almost immoveable on a small rock which projected into the stream1 keeping his white foot hanging over the ledge as a lure to the fish4 ,he remained so stationary that it acted as a very attractive bait2 and whenever curiosity or hunger tempted any unwary fish to approach too close1 the dog plunged in1 seized his victim1 and carried him off to the foot of a neighbouring tree2 and1 on a successful day1 he would catch a great number4 #dgf4 ,i have another anecdote of a young ,newfoundland1 told me by ,general ,sir ,h----d ,d----s1 to whose scientific attainments the two sister-services1 the army and the navy1 are both so greatly indebted4 ,he bred the dog in ,america1 having most fortunately taken the dam from ,england2 for1 to her address in swimming1 and willingness to fetch1 he and his surviving shipwrecked companions were1 under ,providence1 chiefly indebted for securing many pieces of salt pork that had drifted from the ill-fated vessel1 and which constituted their principal food during their six weeks' miserable detention on an uninhabited island4 ,page ,header3 ,,newfoundland ,,and ,,fox4 #dgg4 ,at a station where he was afterwards quartered as a subaltern1 in '#ih1 not far from the falls of ,niagara1 the soldiers kept a tame fox4 ,the animal's kennel was an old cask1 to which he was attached by a long line and swivel4 ,the ,newfoundland and the fox soon scraped an acquaintance1 which1 in due course1 ripened into an intimacy4 #dgh4 ,one day that ,sir ,h----d went to the barracks1 not seeing anything of the fox1 he gave the barrel a kick1 saying to a man standing by1 ,your fox is gone6 ,this sudden knock at the back-door of his house so alarmed the sleeping inmate1 that he bolted forth with such violence as to snap the light cord4 ,off he ran4 ,the soldiers felt assured that he would return1 but ,sir ,h----d1 who closely watched the frightened animal1 had the vexation of observing that he made direct for the woods4 #dgi4 ,sir ,h----d bethought him to hie on ,neptune after ,reynard1 on the chance of the friends coming back together in amicable converse4 ,it would1 however1 appear that the attractions of kindred 7more probably of freedom7 had greater influence than the claims of friendship2 for1 instead of the ,newfoundland's returning with ,pug as a voluntary companion1 after a time1 to the surprise and delight of many spectators1 the dog was descried1 with the end of the rope in his mouth1 forcibly dragging along the disappointed fox1 who was struggling1 manfully but fruitlessly1 against a fresh introduction to his military quarters4 #dhj4 ,nep was properly lauded and caressed for his sagacity2 and ,sir ,h----d was so satisfied that he would always fetch back the fox perfectly uninjured and unworried1 however much excited in the chase1 that the next day1 after turning out ,reynard1 he permitted the officers to animate and halloo on the dog to their utmost4 ,when slipped1 though all eagerness for the fun in hand1 ,nep took up the trail most accurately1 hunted it correctly1 and in due course1 agreeably to his owner's predictions1 dragged back the poor prisoner in triumph1 having1 as on the previous occasion1 merely seized the extremity of the cord4 ,illustration3 ,,bringing ,,home ,,the ,,brush4 ,the dog was descried1 with the end of the rope in his mouth1 forcibly dragging along the disappointed fox4--,par4 #dgi4 ,page ,header3 ,,muta ,,and ,,musk-,,bull4 #dha4 ,for the following anecdote ,i am indebted to ,sir ,g----e ,b----k1 the intrepid and scientific navigator1 whose name will be mentioned as long as ,british deeds of the present century are cited1 descriptive of bold daring and perseverance in surmounting the greatest difficulties4 #dhb4 ,on the #hth of ,september1 #ahcd1 after a laborious morning spent in ascending a part of the ,thlew-e-chh-dezeth1 or ,back ,river1 we were detained by the portage of the ',cascades4' ,while the men were actively employed in carrying the things across1 ,i was equally busy in the tent1 working a series of observations which had just been obtained for longitude1 c4 #dhc4 ,a little dog1 a species of terrier1 called ',muta' from her silent1 quiet habits1 was my only companion4 ,she had been the faithful follower of my party to the polar sea1 and1 independently of her value as a good watch1 was not only a pet of mine1 but had managed to become a great favourite with all the others4 #dhd4 ,muta had left the tent for upwards of an hour1 but returned in great haste1 bustled about inside1 rubbed against me1 and with eyes bright and eager stood looking in my face4 ,finding ,i paid no attention to her1 she rushed out--came back1 however1 quickly2 and standing over the gun1 which was near me1 again looked imploringly at me4 ,once more she sprung outside1 and barked anxiously4 #dhe4 ,still ,i continued my calculations2 and perhaps twenty minutes might have elapsed when ,muta1 warm and panting1 leapt upon me--ran to the gun--then to the opening of the tent1 and evinced such very unusual restlessness that ,i could not help fancying something must be wrong4 ,being alone1 ,i thought it well to be prepared1 and accordingly put a ball into my second barrel1--there always was one in the first1--and followed her out4 #dhf4 ,her joy was unbounded1 and perfectly noiselessly she led me such a distance that ,i thought she was deceiving me1 and ,i chidingly told her so2 but she still persisted in going forward1 pleased though excited4 ,i walked on a little further1 when conceiving ,i was but losing my time ,i turned back4 ,she ran round to intercept me1 and so earnestly resisted my attempts to retrace my steps1 that ,i yielded to the appeal1 and again consented to accompany her4 #dhg4 ,she brought me to the edge of a gully1 fully half-a-mile from the tent1 partly sheltered by willows4 ,here she stopped4 ,thinking she had tricked me1 ,i began to reproach her1 on which she darted like lightning into the underwood1 barking furiously1 when1 to my great surprise1 out rushed a large musk bull1 which unluckily ,i only wounded1 to ,muta's manifest disappointment1 and my own great annoyance4 #dhh4 ,poor ,muta's sad fate is recorded in the #dfb;d page of my ,narrative of the ,arctic ,land ,expedition of #ahcc-d-e1 and she may be seen in the mouth of the white wolf that killed her1 safely housed in a glass case within the walls of the ,united ,service ,institution4 ,illustration3 ,,scene ,,on ,,the ',,thlew-,e-,,ch,h-,,dezeth4'--,par4 #dhg4 #dhi4 ,at my request1 ,sir ,g----e kindly drew the spirited sketch1 which ,i have had engraved1 of the scene he so vividly described4 ,page ,header3 ,,captain ,,and ,,suwarrow4 #dij4 ,dining one day at the hospitable board of ,lord ,m----f1 he told me1 that many years ago an uncle of his1 an excellent sportsman1 lent him a brace of short-haired ,english dogs1 yclept ,captain and ,suwarrow1--martial names6 yet not inappropriate1 you will think1 when you hear some of their feats of strategy4 ,captain1 moreover1 had other warlike propensities2 he was a close-knit1 powerful dog1 and there was no peace in any kennel he ever entered until its boldest inmates had conceded to him all the privileges of commander-in-chief4 #dia4 ,lord ,m----f and a friend had obtained permission to shoot on a considerable part of an extensive valley in ,perthshire1 lying at the foot of ,schiehallion2 but unfortunately they had not the sole right1--a similar favour had been granted to a lame man1 but no lame sportsman1 who for some days greatly annoyed them4 ,start when they would1 and take what line they might1 ,dot-and-go-one with his old pointer was sure to be on the heather before them4 #dib4 ,captain and ,suwarrow bore this for some time with greater apparent patience than the gentlemen4 ,on one occasion1 however1 when the inferiority of the ground they were compelled to take was more than usually obvious1 ,captain's blood was fairly roused1--he could stand it no longer4 ,leaving his companion1 he crossed at full speed to the other side of the valley1--not1 as might possibly be surmised1 to wreak his vengeance upon the old pointer1--but1 strange to say1 to hunt at his best pace the good ground in front of his rival1 and raise1 not point1 every grouse he could find4 ,when he conceived he had done enough mischief1 or perhaps thought he had driven a fair proportion of birds to ,lord ,m----f's side of the valley1 he quietly returned to his usual duties--duties which1 be it remarked1 he always performed most steadily4 ,as an evidence--on the evening of that very day1 instead of pointing1 as was his wont1 he dropped1 on unexpectedly getting into the midst of a pack1 and did not stir an inch until all the birds had successively risen4 ,you will surely think his right to be considered a first-rate tactician is fully proved3--when you read #ecj1 you will perhaps allow that ,suwarrow has an equally good1 if not superior1 claim to the title4 #dic4 ,and will not these evidences of great sagacity and1 except in the few last cases1 instances of good breaking--and they might be multiplied1 ,i was nearly saying1 ad infinitum1 for every sportsman could furnish some--convince you1 that it is our own fault1 if our high-bred pointers1 setters1 and retrievers 7which can scarcely be surpassed in docility and intelligence71 are indifferently educated8 ,it is not that they cannot understand1 but that we1 either for want of patience or reflection1 cannot make ourselves understood4 ,the fault is ours1 not theirs4 ,they might1 indeed1 almost be taught anything--even things quite opposed to their nature--if we did but act more reasonably1 and were not in most cases supinely content to stop so very far short of perfection1 apparently grudging a little additional trouble4 ,page ,header3 ,,rap4 #did4 ,in the ,sporting ,magazine for ,may1 #ahcd1 a likeness is given of an admirable pointer named ,rap1 of whom it is recorded that he often hunted in the woods with springers and terriers1 all which time he played in both characters1 and in both excelled4 ,no sooner1 however1 had he returned to his especial occupation1 as a pointer1 than he became as steady as ever4 #die4 ,i knew intimately an excellent shot 7,t4 ,f----e1 of the #gfth71 who1 some years ago1 during one of the many disturbances in ,county ,tipperary1 was quartered with a detachment of men at a gentleman's house1 in rather a wild part of the country4 ,the proprietor kept a small scratch-pack of harriers1 with which the officer's pointer1 called ,shot1 became very intimate4 ,when the hunting season commenced1 ,shot accompanied them to the field1 joined in the chase1 and performed uncommonly well2 indeed1 he frequently led the pack1 and yet1 singular to say1 he continued as steady as possible when he was shot to4 ,as you may well suppose1 it was a source of much fun and laughter to the ,nimrods to see1 regularly hunting with their harriers1 a dog which possibly had stanchly pointed at birds the preceding day4 #dif4 ,though ,i had bred and educated him myself1--he was the dog of which ,i spoke 7#aci7 as behaving so well on the ,galtee mountains when first shown game1--no one could be more surprised than ,i was at hearing of so novel a display of intelligence4 ,it is partly to be accounted for by the fact1 that none of his high animal spirits and self-confidence had been destroyed by severity in breaking4 ,i can conscientiously aver that ,i do not think ,i whipped him more than twice in the whole course of his training1 and ,i am certain not once harshly2 and his next owner was equally kind1--,i might more correctly say1 equally judicious4 ,page ,header3 ,,mr4 ,b----,e',s ,,dropper4 #dig4 ,as a dog that loves you1 and possesses proper self-confidence1--though1 at the same time1 he entertains due respect for your authority1--will always exert himself to the best of his abilities to please1 it remains but for you to direct those abilities aright4 ,shot1 you see1 pointed and hunted on alternate days4 ,a little bitch1 that ,i knew1 would1 on the same day1 set alternately different kinds of game1 according to the wishes of her master4 ,she belonged to a ,mr4 ,b----e1 near ,templemore1 and1 with the exception that she had no established judicious range1 was one of the most killing dogs to be met with in a long drive4 ,she was an ugly1 short-tailed dropper2 in appearance not worth three half-crowns4 ,she was capital on snipe2 but on the bogs1 if you were in expectation of meeting with grouse1 and1 in consequence1 refused to fire at one or two snipes1 and slightly scolded her for pointing them1 she would immediately leave off noticing them1 confining herself entirely to hunting for grouse4 ,if you shot a snipe1 and showed it to her1 she would immediately recommence seeking for the long-bills4 ,but this would be a dangerous lesson to teach a dog ever likely to be required on the moors4 ,a dog trained for grouse should invariably be rated whenever he notices snipe2 lest1 after toiling up the side of a mountain on a broiling day1 in expectation of hearing the exciting ,whirr-r whirr-r1 you be only greeted with the disappointing ,skeap1 skeap4 ,on the other hand1 if you live in the lowlands1 and think you may hereafter wish to take your dog out snipe-shooting1 make him occasionally point one in the early part of his education4 ,it is often difficult to bring a partridge-dog to notice snipe1 whereas a snipe-dog will readily acknowledge partridge on account of the stronger scent4 ,illustration3 ,,russian ,,setter4 ,difficult to procure even in ,russia of a pure breed4--,par4 #dih4 #dih4 ,many sportsmen are of opinion that droppers inherit more of the bad than the good qualities of their parents2 but occasionally one of a litter1 like ,mr4 ,b----e's bitch1 turns out an admirable dog1 and proves a valuable exception to the supposed rule4 ,sometime since ,i heard an officer of the ,engineers expatiating upon the excellent qualities of a dropper 7by his pointer ,guy7 out of a ,russian setter1 which1 as he said1 belonged to me many years ago3 but he was mistaken4 ,i never possessed one4 ,i wish ,i had2 for ,i hear the breed is capital1--that they are very easily broken1--are very intelligent1--have excellent noses1 and great endurance1 but not much speed1--and never forget what has been once taught them3 in this respect more resembling pointers than our setters1 which are often wild at the beginning of a season4 ,could we1 by judicious crossing1 improve them half as much as we did the old heavy ,spanish pointer4#ic what glorious dogs we should possess6 ,it is1 however1 very difficult to procure them even in ,russia of a pure breed2 for so few sportsmen in that country think of shooting according to our system1 that but little attention is paid to their fine setters4 ,page ,header3 ,,rival ,,keepers4 #dii4 ,if your patience is not exhausted1 you shall hear 7as told me by an old commanding officer of mine1 ,major ,s----n7 how1 many years ago1 a bet was decided in the ,highlands1 as to the perfection in dog-breaking attained by two rival keepers4 ,it was in the month of ,august1 and there was plenty of game4 ,the dogs produced by the two competitors performed so brilliantly1--were hunted so noiselessly1--quartered their ground so systematically and independently1--and worked so zealously1 yet cautiously1 that the awarding of the palm seemed to be a difficult matter4 ,at length one of the keepers obtained the decision of the umpires in his favour by the following feat4 ,he made his three dogs1 in obedience to a low whistle and a sign1 at a moment when all three were separately setting1 retreat from their several points without flushing any of the birds1 and take up each other's points1 each dog remaining stationary until he was individually shot over4 ,this great command1 ,i suppose1 but ,i cannot assert it positively1 must have been gained by much such kennel discipline as is described in #cj4 ,it would appear1 too1 as if a distinct whistle or note had been employed for each dog 7#eje74 #ejj4 ,i only advocate instruction that is really useful2 therefore1 ,i merely mention this instance of excellent breaking as another evidence of the great perfection to which our well-bred dogs can be brought3 and as it is certain they can reach such perfection1 ,i think you will admit that every high-priced dog ought to be far better educated than is customary4 ,indeed1 ,i trust1 if you are an enthusiast on the subject1 that you will not only agree with me in requiring that he be as fully made as ,i have described1 and as ,i am of opinion is absolutely necessary 7#cic71 but that occasionally you will wish him to be yet further instructed in some of the still higher accomplishments or refinements which1 if you are willing1 we will now proceed to consider4 ,,chapter ,,xvi4 ,,distinguishing ,,whistles4 ,,backing ,,the ,,gun4 ,,retreat ,,from ,,and ,,resumption ,,of ,,point4 ,,range ,,unaccompanied ,,by ,,gun4 ,,heading ,,running ,,birds4 #eja4 ,a ,,distinguishing ,,whistle ,,for ,,each ,,dog2 disadvantage of employing but one ,whistle for several ,dogs2 supposed ,case4--#ejb4 ,another ,case4--#ejc4 ,third ,case4--#ejd4 ,reader will admit correctness of reasoning4--#eje4 ,dissimilar ,whistles1 or distinct notes on one whistle4--#ejf4 ,boatswain's ,whistle almost a musical instrument4--#ejg4 ,railway ,whistles2 ,porteous'3 general ,rule for whistling4--#ejh4 ,porteous' newly-invented ,dog ,whistles4--#eji4 ,,dog ,,to ,,back ,,the ,,gun2 how taught2 it creates ,caution2 in ,note1 sagacity of ,fawn ,antelope in concealing itself2 want of like sagacity in ,pea-fowl4 ,portable rest for ,rifle4--#eaj4 ,advantage of ,dog backing the ,gun4--#eaa4 ,american ,wood-duck4--#eab4 ,,dog ,,to ,,retreat ,,from ,,point ,,and ,,resume ,,it4--#eac4 ,how taught4--#ead4 ,shows dog object for which he is hunted4--#eae4 ,not taught too early4--#eaf4 ,dog's ,consciousness of its ,object4--#eag4 ,pointer doing it spontaneously4--#eah4 ,setter which was taught to do it4--#eai4 ,surprising author by volunteering the feat4--#ebj4 ,irish ,setter retreating from1 and resuming point at ,hare4--#eba4 ,bitch that barked when pointing and hid in cover4--#ebb4 ,,dog ,,to ,,hunt ,,from ,,leeward ,,to ,,windward1 ,,unaccompanied ,,by ,,gun2 how taught4--#ebc4 ,a careful ,dog running down wind would not spring birds4--#ebd4 ,the great ,advantages of the ,accomplishment4--#ebe4 ,,dog ,,to ,,head ,,running ,,birds2 could be taught4--#ebf4 ,tolfrey's ,sportsman in ,france4--#ebg4 ,instance of ,dog's spontaneously heading1 and thus intercepting1 red-legged ,partridges4--#ebh1 #ebi4 ,m----i's ,albert volunteering to head ,guinea-birds4--#ecj4 ,lord ,m----f's ,suwarrow spontaneously heading running ,grouse2 then keeping his stern towards them4--#eca4 ,how accounted for4--#ecb4 ,not so extraordinary had the ,dog been taught to hunt unaccompanied by ,gun4--#ecc4 ,the accomplishment taught by lifting2 not commenced first season4 ,in ,note1 ,niger's spontaneously running to further side of hedge to drive birds to this side4--#ecd4 ,could be taught as easily as ,shepherds' ,collies are instructed4--#ece4 ,particularly useful where the red-legged ,partridge is found4 ,shooting in ,africa4 ,a ,,distinguishing ,,whistle ,,for ,,each ,,dog4 #eja4 ,though you may have only begun to shoot last season1 have you not often wished to attract the attention of one of your two dogs1 and make him hunt in a particular part of the field1 but1 for fear of alarming the birds1 have been unwilling to call out his name1 and have felt loth to whistle to him1 lest you should bring away at the same time the other dog1 who was zealously hunting exactly where you considered him most likely to find birds4 ,page ,header3 ,,whistles4 #ejb4 ,again3 have the dogs never been hunting close together instead of pursuing distinct beats2 and has it not constantly happened1 on your whistling with the view to separate them1 that both have turned their heads in obedience to the whistle1 and both on your signal changed the direction of their beat1 but still the two together8 ,and have you not1 in despair of ever parting them by merely whistling and signalling1 given the lucky birds 7apparently in the most handsome manner1 as if scorning to take any ungenerous advantage7 fair notice of the approach of the guns by shouting out the name of one of the dogs4 #ejc4 ,or1 if one dog was attentive to the whistle1 did he not gradually learn to disregard it from observing that his companion was never chidden for neglecting to obey it8--and did not such laxity more and more confirm both in habits of disobedience8 #ejd4 ,i believe several of my readers will be constrained to answer these questions in the affirmative2 and1 further1 ,i think their own experience will remind them of many occasions1 both on moor and stubble when birds were wild1 on which they have wished to attract the notice of a particular dog 7perhaps running along a hedge1 or pottering over a recent haunt2 or hunting down wind towards marked game7 by whistling instead of calling out his name1 but have been unwilling to do so1 lest the other dogs should likewise obey the shrill sound to which all were equally accustomed4 ,page ,header3 ,,different ,,notes4 #eje4 ,now1 in breaking young dogs1 you could1 by using whistles of dissimilar calls1 easily avoid the liability of these evils2 and by invariably employing a particular whistle for each dog to summon him separately to his food 7#cj71 each would distinguish his own whistle as surely as every dog knows his own master's whistle1 and as hounds learn their names4 ,dogs not only know their own names1 but instantly know by the pronunciation when it is uttered by a stranger4 ,to prevent mistakes1 each dog's name might be marked on his own whistle4 ,you might have two whistles1 of very different sound1 on one short stock4 ,indeed1 one whistle would be sufficient for two dogs1 if you invariably sounded the same two or three sharp short notes for one dog1 and as invariably gave a sustained note for the other4 ,nay1 the calls could thus be so diversified1 that one whistle might be used for even more than two dogs4 #ejf4 ,whoever has heard the boatswain of a man-of-war piping all hands on deck1 must think his whistle1 from the variety of its tones1 almost a musical instrument2 but it could not well be employed for dogs1 as they would not understand it when sounded by any one but their master4 #ejg4 ,railways have led to the introduction of new whistles4 ,porteous1 the band-master at ,chelsea ,college 7whose ,light ,infantry ,field ,pipe is well-known to military men71 has exercised his ingenious talents in making several1 but they are too shrill to be of much service to the sportsman4 ,the acorn 7or bell pattern7 has1 however1 a much softer tone1 yet it1 too1 makes an awful noise4 ,but whatever whistle you choose to employ1 be sure1 both in and out of the field1 to sound it softly whenever the dog is near you4 ,indeed1 you would act judiciously to make it a constant rule1 wherever he may be1 never to whistle louder than is really requisite1 otherwise 7as ,i think ,i before remarked7 he will1 comparatively speaking1 pay little attention to its summons1 when1 being at a distance1 he hears it but faintly4 #ejh4 ,i wrote to ,mr4 ,porteous1 explaining how much a whistle was wanted that might be used by the most unmusical person1 yet give distinct unvarying sounds1 so that no dog could mistake his own whistle1 let it be blown by whom it might4 ,he at once understood what was required1 and has invented one with a slide that answers well for two dogs4 ,he told me that he was making further improvements1 and expected to contrive one which would answer for as many as three or four dogs4 ,messrs4 ,stevens1 ,darlington ,works1 ,southwark-bridge ,road1 are the manufacturers4 ,page ,header3 ,,backing ,,the ,,gun4 ,,to ,,back ,,the ,,gun4 #eji4 ,in shooting1 especially late in the season1 you will often mark down a bird1 and feel assured that you stand a better chance of getting a shot at it if the dogs cease hunting whilst you approach it4 ,you can teach your dog to do this by holding up your right hand behind you when you mark down a bird1 saying at the same time1 ,toho1 in an earnest1 quiet voice1 and carrying your gun as if you were prepared to shoot4 ,he will soon begin1 ,i really must say it1 to back you1--for he actually will be backing you1 ludicrous as the expression may sound4 ,after a few times he will do so on the signal1 without your speaking at all2 and he will be as pleased1 as excited1 and as stanch1 as if he were backing an old dog4 ,making him drop will not effect your object2 for1 besides that it in no way increases his intelligence1 you may wish him to follow at a respectful distance1 while you are stealing along the banks of some stream1 c4 ,ere long he will become as sensible as yourself that any noise would alarm the birds1 and you will soon see him picking his steps to avoid the crisp leaves1 lest their rustling should betray him4 ,i have even heard of a dog whose admirable caution occasionally led him1 when satisfied that his point was observed1 to crawl behind a bush1 or some other shelter1 to screen#id himself from the notice of the birds4 ,illustration3 ,,tell ,,me ,,my ,,heart 7,,hart7 ,,if ,,this ,,be ,,love4 ,and took a random chance shot4--,par4 #eji1 ,note4 #eaj4 ,the acquisition of this accomplishment--and it is easily taught to a young dog previously made steady in backing another 7it should not be attempted before7--will often secure you a duck1 or other wary bird1 which the dog would otherwise1 almost to a certainty1 spring out of gun-shot4 ,if you should soho a hare1 and wish to kill one1 you will have an excellent opportunity of practising this lesson4 #eaa4 ,in ,america there is a singular duck1 called1 from its often alighting on trees1 the ,wood-duck4 ,i have killed some of these beautiful1 fast-flying birds1 while they were seated on logs overhanging the water1 which ,i could not have approached within gun-shot had the dog not properly backed the gun when signalled to1 and cautiously crept after me1 still remaining far in the rear4 ,page ,header3 ,,point ,,resumed4 ,,to ,,retreat ,,from ,a ,,point ,,and ,,resume ,,it4 #eab4 ,amidst coppices1 osiers1 or broom--indeed1 sometimes on a rough moor--you will occasionally lose sight of a dog1 and yet be unwilling to call him1 feeling assured that he is somewhere steadily pointing2 and being vexatiously certain that1 when he hears your whistle1 he will either leave his point1 not subsequently to resume it1 or 7which is far more probable7 amuse himself by raising the game before he joins you4 ,there are moments when you would give guineas if he would retreat from his point1 come to you on your whistling1 lead you towards the bird1 and there resume his point4 #eac4 ,this accomplishment 7and in many places abroad its value is almost inappreciable7 can be taught him1 if he is under great command1 by your occasionally bringing him to heel from a point when he is within sight and near you1 and again putting him on his point4 ,you will begin your instruction in this accomplishment when the dog is pointing quite close to you4 ,on subsequent occasions1 you can gradually increase the distance1 until you arrive at such perfection that you can let him be out of sight when you call him4 ,when he is first allowed to be out of your sight1 he ought not to be far from you4 ,page ,header3 ,,dog ,,showing ,,himself4 #ead4 ,you may1 for a moment1 think that what is here recommended contradicts the axiom laid down in #cei2 but it is there said1 that nothing ought to make a dog voluntarily leave his point4 ,indeed1 the possession of this accomplishment1 so far from being productive of any harm1 greatly awakens a dog's intelligence1 and makes him perceive1 more clearly than ever1 that the sole object for which he is taken to the field is to obtain shots for the gun that accompanies him4 ,when he is pointing on your side of a thick hedge1 it will make him understand why you call him off2--take him down wind1 and direct him to jump the fence3 he will at once go to the bird1 and1 on your encouraging him1 force it to rise on your side4 #eae4 ,you will practise this lesson1 however1 with great caution1 and not before his education is nearly completed1 lest he imagine that you do not wish him always to remain stanch to his point4 ,indeed1 if you are precipitate1 or injudicious1 you may make him blink his game4 #eaf4 ,after a little experience1 he will very likely some day satisfactorily prove his consciousness of your object1 by voluntarily coming out of thick cover to show you where he is1 and again going in and resuming his point4 #eag4 ,i was once shooting in ,ireland with a friend 7,major ,l----e71 late in the season1 when we saw a very young pointer do this solely from his own intelligence4 ,unperceived by either of us he had broken fence1 and was out of sight4 ,in vain we whistled and called4 ,at length we saw him on the top of a bank 7in that country usually miscalled ditch72 but the moment he perceived that we noticed him1 down he jumped4 ,we went up1 and to our great satisfaction found him steadily pointing a snipe4 ,i need not say that he received much praise and many caresses for the feat4 #eah4 ,i was partridge-shooting a few seasons back with an intimate friend1 who was anxious to give me a good day's sport1 when ,i observed him beckoning to me from a distance4 ,he told me1 when ,i came up to him1 that some birds were immediately before him4 ,i was puzzled to conceive how he could know this1 for his white setter was alongside of him rolling on her back4 ,he signalled to her to go forward1 and sure enough she marched on1 straight as an arrow's flight1 to a covey lying on the stubble4 ,in answer to my inquiries1 my friend1 who seemed to attach no value to the feat1 but to take it as a matter of course1 told me that he had called the bitch away from her point lest her presence should alarm the birds1 and make them take wing before ,i could come up4 #eai4 ,as my friend was obliged to return home early1 he left the lady with me4 ,i had marked some partridges into the leeward side of a large turnip-field4 ,i could not get her to hunt where ,i wished2 ,i1 therefore1 no longer noticed her1 but endeavoured to walk up the birds without her assistance4 ,after a time she rejoined me1 and ranged well and close4 ,i then proceeded to beat the other part of the field--the part she had already hunted contrary to my wishes4 ,instead of making a cast to the right or left1 on she went1 directly ahead1 for nearly three hundred yards4 ,i was remarking to my attendant that she must be nearly useless to all but her master1 when ,i observed her come to a stiff point4 ,i then felt convinced that ,i had done her great injustice1--that she must have found and left this covey1 whilst ,i was hunting far to leeward1--and that she had gone forward to resume her point1 as soon as my face was turned in the right direction4 ,on my mentioning all this to her owner1 he said he had no doubt but that such was the case1 as she would often voluntarily leave game to look for him1 and again stand at it on perceiving that he watched her movements4 ,page ,header3 ,,point ,,voluntarily ,,resumed4 #ebj4 ,an old ,kentish acquaintance of mine1 though he is still a young man1 has an ,irish setter that behaved in a very similar manner4 ,f----r1 having severely wounded a hare in cover1 put the dog upon the scent4 ,he immediately took it up1 but roaded so fast as to be soon out of sight4 ,after a fruitless search for the setter1 ,f----r was obliged to whistle two or three times1 when he showed himself at the end of a ride1 and by his anxious looks and motions seemed to invite his master to come on4 ,this he did4 ,the sagacious beast1 after turning two corners1 at each of which he stopped until ,f----r came up1 went into cover and resumed the point1 which my friend feels satisfied the dog must have left on hearing the whistle1 for the wounded hare1 whose leg was broken1 was squatted within a yard of him4 ,such instances of a voluntary relinquishment and resumption of a point1 must lead us to think that this accomplishment cannot be very difficult to teach dogs who have been accustomed to the gratification of always seeing their game carefully deposited in the bag4 #eba4 ,in a capital little treatise on field diversions1 written by a ,suffolk sportsman upwards of seventy years ago1 it is recorded that a pointer bitch1 belonging to a ,doctor ,bigsbye1 used to give tongue if she found in cover and was not perceived1 and that she would repeatedly bark to indicate her locality until she was relieved from her point4 ,page ,header3 ,,to ,,range ,,without ,,gun4 ,,to ,,hunt ,,regularly ,,from ,,leeward ,,to ,,windward ,,without ,,the ,,gun4 #ebb4 ,in paragraph #bja ,i observed1 that when you are obliged1 as occasionally must be the case1 to enter a field to windward with your pupil1 you ought to go down to the leeward side of it1 keeping him close to your heels1 before you commence to hunt4 ,after undeviatingly pursuing this plan for some time1 you can1 before you come quite to the bottom of the field1 send him ahead 7by the underhand bowler's swing of the right hand1 ,,iv4 of #ada71 and1 when he has reached the bottom1 signal to him to hunt to the right 7or left74 ,he will be so habituated to work under your eye 7#agf7 that you will find it necessary to walk backwards 7up the middle of the field71 while instructing him4 ,as he becomes1 by degrees1 confirmed in this lesson1 you can sooner and sooner send him ahead 7from your heel71--but increase the distances very gradually1--until at length he will be so far perfected1 that you may venture to send him down wind to the extremity of the field 7before he commences beating71 while you remain quietly at the top awaiting his return1 until he shall have hunted the whole ground1 as systematically and carefully as if you had accompanied him from the bottom4 ,by this method you will teach him1 on his gaining more experience1 invariably to run to leeward1 and hunt up to windward 7crossing and re-crossing the wind7 whatever part of a field you and he may enter4 ,what a glorious consummation6 and it can be attained1 but only by great patience and perseverance4 ,the least reflection1 however1 will show you that you should not attempt it until the dog is perfected in his range4 #ebc4 ,a careful dog1 thus practised1 will seldom spring birds1 however directly he may be running down wind4 ,he will pull up at the faintest indication of a scent1 being at all times anxiously on the look-out for the coveted aroma4 #ebd4 ,not only to the idle or tired sportsman would it be a great benefit to have a field thus beaten1 but the keenest and most indefatigable shot would experience its advantages in the cold and windy weather customary in ,november1 when the tameness of partridge-shooting cannot be much complained of2 for the birds being then ever ready to take wing1 surely the best chance1 by fair means1 of getting near them would be to intercept them between the dog and yourself4 ,the manoeuvre much resembles that recommended in #bhd1 but in this you sooner and more directly head the birds4 ,page ,header3 ,,head ,,running ,,birds4 #ebe4 ,here the consideration naturally arises1 whether dogs could not be taught 7when hunting in the ordinary manner with the dog in rear7 ,,to ,,head ,,running ,,birds4 ,certainly it could be done4 ,there have been many instances of old dogs spontaneously galloping off1 and placing themselves on the other side of the covey 7which they had pointed7 as soon as they perceived that it was on the run1--and by good instruction you could develop1 or rather excite1 that exercise of sagacity4 #ebf4 ,tolfrey 7formerly1 ,i believe1 of the #dcrd7 gives1 in his ,sportsman in ,france1 so beautiful an instance of a dog's untutored intelligence1 leading him to see the advantage of thus placing running birds between himself and the gun1 that ,i will transcribe it1 although ,i have already mentioned 7end of #bjf7 ,grouse's very similar behaviour4 #ebg4 ,on gaining some still higher ground1 the dog drew and stood4 ,she was walked up to1 but to my astonishment we found no birds4 ,she was encouraged1 and with great difficulty coaxed off her point4 ,she kept drawing on1 but with the same ill-success4 ,i must confess ,i was for the moment sorely puzzled2 but knowing the excellence of the animal1 ,i let her alone4 ,she kept drawing on for nearly a hundred yards--still no birds4 ,at last1 of her own accord1 and with a degree of instinct amounting almost to the faculty of reasoning1 she broke from her point1 and dashing off to the right made a dtour1 and was presently straight before me1 some three hundred yards off1 setting the game whatever it might be1 as much as to say1 ',i'll be 999999999999 if you escape me this time4' ,we walked steadily on1 and when within about thirty yards of her1 up got a covey of red-legged partridges1 and we had the good fortune to kill a brace each4 ,it is one of the characteristics of these birds to run for an amazing distance before they take wing2 but the sagacity of my faithful dog baffled all their efforts to escape4 ,we fell in with several coveys of these birds during the day1 and my dog ever after gave them the double1 and kept them between the gun and herself4 #ebh4 ,mr4 ,m----i1 an officer high in the military store department1 wrote to me but last ,christmas 7#ahfc7 almost in the following words3-- ,page ,header3 ,,albert ,,and ,,peggy4 #ebi4 ,when stationed in ,jamaica1 quail and the wild guinea-fowl were the only game ,i ever hunted for4 ,the latter are very difficult to approach1 as they run for hours through the long grass and brushwood1 and will not rise unless hard pressed2 but when once flushed1 they spread through the cover1 and lie so close1 that one may almost kick them before without raising them4 ,my dog1 ',albert1' was broke on grouse before ,i had him out from home4 ,a steadier or better dog you will rarely see4 ,the first time we went out after guinea-fowl he set to work as though hunting for grouse1 pointing1 and roading cautiously when he came on the run of the birds1 but1 from their pace through the cover1 never coming up with them4 ,this occurred the first two or three mornings1 and annoyed him greatly4 ,at last one day1 as soon as he found that the birds were running through the bush1 he halted1 turned round1 and looked up at me as much as to say3 ',my poking after these fellows is all nonsense2 do let me try some other dodge4' ,so ,i told him to go on1 when he instantly started off1 making a wide cast until he headed his game1 when he commenced beating back towards me1 driving the birds before him until they were sufficiently near me1 when he dashed suddenly in amongst them1 forcing the whole pack to take wing4 ,they spread through the surrounding grass and cover1 and ',albert' and his mother1 ',peggy1' went to work1 picking up the birds singly or in pairs as they lay4 ,old mother ',peggy' was far too sedate and stanch to follow her son in the chase2 she remained with me until he had brought back1 and flushed the birds1 and then she vied with him in finding them4 ,from this time ,i never had any difficulty in getting shots at these wary birds1 for the very moment they commenced running1 ',albert' was off until he headed them1 drove them back1 and flushed them1 as above described4 ,when looking for quail1 ',albert' behaved quite differently1 working steadily and cautiously1 and never attempting to run into or spring his game until ,i came close up to him4 ,page ,header3 ,,suwarrow4 #ecj4 ,grouse were unusually on the run one misty day1 when the able ,judge mentioned in #dij was shooting over ,captain's companion1 ,suwarrow4 ,the dog roaded a pack for some time very patiently1 but suddenly darted off for a considerable distance to the right and dropped into a long hag1 through the mazes of which ,lord ,m----f followed as fast as the nature of the ground would permit him4 ,every now and then the dog just raised his head above the heather to satisfy himself that his ,lordship was coming4 ,where the hag ceased1 and ,suwarrow could no longer conceal his movements1 he commenced a very curious system of tactics1 travelling1 after a most extraordinary fashion1 sideways on the arc of a circle1 constantly keeping his stern towards its centre4 ,at length he wheeled about1 and stood stock-still at a fixed point1 as if inviting ,lord ,m----f to approach4 ,he did so1--raised a large pack1 and had a capital right and left4 #eca4 ,it would appear that the ,marshal soon perceived that he had no chance of being enabled by a regular pursuit to bring his artillery to bear upon the retreating party2 he1 therefore1 resorted to a novel strategy to lull them into fancied security1 and induce them to halt4 ,he at once made a feint of abandoning the pursuit1 and moved off to the flank4 ,he made a forced concealed march in the hag2 and when it would no longer mask his plans and he was compelled to show himself1 he merely let them see his rear guard1 that they might still think he was retiring1 and did not show any front until he had fairly entangled them between himself and his guns4 ,it was a feat worthy of ,wellington or ,napoleon1 let alone ,suwarrow4 ,by-the-bye1 it explains why ,lord ,m----d's dog 7#bie7 faced about whenever he perceived that his presence alarmed the birds4 #ecb4 ,if ,grouse 7#bjf71 ,tolfrey's bitch1 ,albert1 and ,suwarrow had been taught to hunt from leeward to windward without the gun 7#ebb71 they would have been habituated to seeing game intercepted between themselves and their masters1--and then their spontaneously heading running birds 7though undeniably evincing great intelligence7 would not have been so very remarkable4 ,they would but have reversed matters by placing themselves to windward of the birds while the gun was to leeward4 ,this shows that the acquisition of that accomplishment 7#ebb7 would be a great step towards securing a knowledge of the one we are now considering4 ,indeed1 there seems to be a mutual relation between these two refinements in education1 for the possession of either would greatly conduce to the attainment of the other4 ,page ,header3 ,,heading ,,wounded ,,birds4 #ecc4 ,this accomplishment--and hardly any can be considered more useful--is not so difficult to teach an intelligent dog as one might at first imagine2 it is but to lift him1 and make him act on a larger scale1 much in the manner described in #cji and #edd4 ,like1 however1 everything else in canine education--indeed1 in all education--it must be effected gradually2 nor should it be commenced before the dog has had a season's steadying2 then practise him in heading every wounded bird1 and endeavour to make him do so at increased distances4 ,whenever1 also1 he comes upon the heel of a covey which is to leeward of him1--instead of letting him foot it1--oblige him to quit the scent and take a circuit 7sinking the wind71 so as to place himself to leeward of the birds4 ,he will thereby head the covey1 and you will have every reason to hope that after a time his own observation and intellect will show him the advantage of thus intercepting birds and stopping them when they are on the run1 whether the manoeuvre places him to leeward or to windward of them4#ie ,page ,header3 ,,setter ,,to ,,retrieve4 #ecd4 ,if you could succeed in teaching but one of your dogs thus to take a wide sweep when he is ordered1 and head a running covey before it gets to the extremity of the field 7while the other dogs remain near you71 you would be amply rewarded for months of extra trouble in training1 by obtaining shots on days when good sportsmen1 with fair average dogs1 would hardly pull a trigger4 ,and why should you not8 ,success would be next to certain1 if you could as readily place your dog exactly where you wish1 as shepherds do their collies 7#adc74 ,and whose fault will it be if you cannot8 ,clearly not your dog's1 for he is as capable of receiving instruction as the shepherd's4 #ece4 ,manifestly it would be worth while to take great pains to teach this accomplishment1 for in all countries it would prove a most killing one when birds become wild2 and1 as ,tolfrey shows 7#ebi71 it would be found particularly useful wherever the red-legged partridge abounds1#if--which birds you will find do not lie badly when the coveys are1 by any means1 well headed and completely broken4 ,but there are other accomplishments nearly as useful as those already detailed2 the description of them1 however1 we will reserve for a separate ,chapter4 ,,chapter ,,xvii4 ,,setter ,,to ,,retrieve4 ,,bloodhounds4 ,,retrievers ,,to ,,beat4 ,,wounded ,,wildfowl ,,retrieved ,,before ,,the ,,killed4 #ecf4 ,,setter ,,to ,,retrieve2 obtain thereby in one dog the services of two2 necessity of having some ,dog that retrieves4--#ecg4 ,predilection for ,setters confessed2 ,reason given2 in ,note1 ,setters daily becoming more valuable than ,pointers2 ,partridges netted by ,poachers1 also by ,keepers1 to make birds wary2 ,bloodhounds to track ,poachers2 ,education of ,bloodhounds2 ,education of ,keeper's night dog4 7,see ,appendix74--#ech4 ,retrieving not to be taught first season4--#eci4 ,value of retrieving instanced in ,pointer4--#edj4 ,one ,dog only to retrieve2 ,dog that bolted ,partridge because interfered with by companion2 ,birds kept cool4--#eda4 ,let retrieving be done by ,finder4--#edb4 ,captain ,j----n's three ,dogs that alternately retrieved as ordered4--#edc4 ,such an ,education could be given1 but unnecessary4--#edd4 ,seeking ,dead with two ,dogs2 ,winged ,bird searched for in direction of covey's flight4--#ede4 ,scent differs of wounded and unwounded birds4--#edf4 ,three dead ,snipe lifted in succession2 ,setter that stood fresh birds while carrying a dead one2 ,pointer that pointed ,partridge while carrying a hare2 ,retriever refusing to relinquish chase of wounded ,hare2 wounded ,woodcock walked up to1 not set by ,dog4--#edg4 ,venus tracking winged ,partridge through ,pheasants and ,rabbits4--#edh4 ,injudiciousness of retrieving ,setter pointing dead4--#edi4 ,argument against employing retrieving ,setters holds against using regular ,retrievers4--#eej4 ,,regular ,,retrievers ,,to ,,beat2 its ,advantages2 one ,dog does the duty of two4--#eea4 ,instance of ,retriever doing so spontaneously4--#eeb4 ,retriever that never disturbed fresh ground4--#eec4 ,,water ,,retrievers 7,,or ,,water ,,spaniels7 ,,to ,,retrieve ,,crippled ,,before ,,picking ,,up ,,dead ,,wildfowl2 how taught4--#eed4 ,none of these ,accomplishments so difficult to teach as a good range4--#eee4 ,might be taught by your ,gamekeeper but not to be expected of regular ,breaker4 ,,setter ,,to ,,retrieve4 #ecf4 ,undeniably there is some value in the extra number of shots obtained by means of highly broken dogs2 and nearly as undeniable is it that no man1 who is not over-rich1 will term that teaching superfluous which enables him to secure in one dog the services of two4 ,now1 ,i take it for granted 7as ,i cannot suppose you are willing to lose many head of killed game71 that you would be glad to be always accompanied in the field by a dog that retrieves4 ,unless you have such a companion1 there will be but little chance of your often securing a slightly winged bird in turnips4 ,indeed1 in all rough shooting1 the services of a dog so trained are desirable to prevent many an unfortunate hare and rabbit from getting away to die a painful1 lingering death2 and yet1 if the possession of a large kennel is ever likely to prove half as inconvenient to you as it would to me1 you would do well1 according to my idea of the matter1 to dispense with a regular retriever1 provided you have a highly broken setter who retrieves well4 ,page ,header3 ,,setter ,,preferred ,,to ,,pointer4 #ecg4 ,i say setter rather than pointer1 not on account of his more affectionate1 and perhaps more docile disposition 7for certainly he is less liable to sulk under punishment71 but because1 thanks to his long coat1 he will be able to work in any cover1 and that from nature he roads quicker4 ,i must1 however1 plead guilty 7for many good sportsmen will think ,i evince bad taste7 to a predilection for setters--meaning always cautious setters--a partiality1 perhaps1 attributable to having shot more over wild1 uncertain ground than in well-stocked preserves4 ,doubtless1 in a very enclosed country1 where game is abundant1 pointers are preferable1 far preferable1 more especially should there be a scarcity of water2 but for severe and fast work1 and as a servant of all work1 there is nothing1 ,i humbly conceive1 like the setter4#ig ,he may be1 and generally is1 the more difficult to break2 but when success has crowned your efforts1 what a noble1 enduring1 sociable1 attached animal you possess4 ,i greatly1 too1 admire his long1 stealthy1 blood-like action1--7for ,i am not speaking of the large heavy sort before which in old days whole coveys used to be nettled71 and the animated waving of his stern1 so strongly indicative of high breeding2 though1 strange to say1 in gracefulness of carriage the fox1 when hunting1 and actually on game1 far excels him4 ,but we are again getting astray beyond our proper limits2 let us keep to the subject of dog-breaking4 ,page ,header3 ,,to ,,retrieve ,,second ,,season4 #ech4 ,as it will be your endeavour1 during your pupil's first season1 to make him thoroughly stanch and steady1 ,i cannot advise you 7as a general rule liable1 of course1 to many exceptions--one of which is named in #cag71 to let him retrieve1--by retrieve ,i always mean fetch1--until the following year4 ,there is another advantage in the delay4 ,his sagacity will have shown him that the design of every shot is to bag the game--when1 therefore1 he has once been permitted to pick up a bird1 he will be desirous of carrying it immediately to you1 and will resist the temptation to loiter with it1 mouthing and spoiling it2 and however keenly he may have heretofore sought dead1 he will henceforth search with redoubled zeal1 from the delight he will experience in being permitted to carry his game4 ,moreover1 the season's shooting1 without lifting1 will have so thoroughly confirmed him in the down charge1 that the increased#ih inclination to bolt off in search of a falling bird will be successfully resisted4 ,if he has been taught while young to fetch 7#ajg1 #aji1 c471 he will be so anxious to take the birds to you1 that instead of there being any difficulty in teaching him this accomplishment1 you will often1 during his first season1 have to restrain him from lifting when he is pointing dead4 ,the least encouragement will make him gladly pick up the birds1 and give them1 as he ought1 to no one but yourself4 #eci4 ,suppose you possess no regular retriever--if1 instead of lifting your game yourself1 you accustom one of your pointers or setters to do so1 you will occasionally1 in some odd manner1 bag a bird which you would otherwise inevitably lose4 ,in #ig is given such an instance2 and in ,scotland1 no later than last season1 ,i saw another4 ,an outlying cock-pheasant rose out of stubble4 ,it was a long shot1 but he was knocked over1 falling into an adjoining piece of turnips4 ,after the down charge1 a pointer bitch accustomed to retrieve1 was sent to fetch him4 ,the moment she approached the bird1 up he got1 apparently as strong as ever1 and flew over some rising ground1 but wither1 ,i had no idea1 further than suspecting that he was making for a distant cover on forbidden ground4 ,i1 therefore1 at once gave him up as lost4 ,the dog1 however1 was more sanguine1 for1 to my great surprise1 off she started in pursuit1 clearly imagining it was quite a mistake of the pheasant's4 ,i soon lost sight of her1 but1 to my great gratification1 ,i observed her1 some little time afterwards1 topping the hillock with the bird in her mouth4 ,if she had been young1 her chase after the pheasant might only have shown sad unsteadiness and wildness2 but as she was a stanch sober old lady1 it manifestly evinced nothing but1--it will be safest to say1--much intelligence and discrimination1 lest you cavil at the words reason or reflection4 ,i must own ,i should not4 ,illustration3 ,with more dogs than one the bird would1 almost to a certainty1 be torn4 ,page ,header3 ,,only ,,one ,,to ,,retrieve #edj4 ,you need hardly be cautioned not to let more than one dog retrieve the same bird4 ,with more dogs than one the bird would1 almost to a certainty1 be torn3 and if a dog once becomes sensible of the enjoyment he would derive in pulling out the feathers of a bird1 you will find it difficult to make him deliver it up before he has in some way disfigured it4 ,a bitch that retrieved admirably1 known to an acquaintance of mine1 was on one occasion so annoyed at being interfered with by her companion1 that1 in a fit of jealousy1 she actually bolted the partridge she was carrying lest ,jack should come in for a nibble4 ,i must confess ,i think it of much importance that a dog who retrieves should be tender-mouthed1 for ,i own ,i like to put my birds by smooth and tidy1 and1 if ,i want them to keep long1 take care to observe the old rule of hanging them 7by their heads rather than their feet1 that rain may not saturate the feathers7 on the loops outside the game-bag until they are quite cool1 before ,i allow them to become inside passengers2 but ,i generally have their bodies placed within the netting1 as for want of this precaution many a bird has been decapitated in the scramble through a thick hedge4 ,game1 whether cool or warm1 kept in a close ,mackintosh bag1 soon becomes unfit to send to any distance4 ,page ,header3 ,,the ,,finder ,,to ,,retrieve #eda4 ,if you shoot with several dogs that retrieve1 be careful always to let the dog who finds the game be the one to bring it4 ,it is but fair that he should be so rewarded1 and thus all will be stimulated to hunt with increased diligence4 #edb4 ,captain ,j----n1 ,r4,n41 of ,little ,b----w1 ,essex 7well-known for the gallantry and skill he displayed when risking his own life to save that of many stranded on the ,kentish coast71 used to break in his own dogs1 and retrieved them to show yet greater obedience and forbearance while retrieving4 ,at one period he was in the habit of taking two pointers and a little spaniel into the field to hunt together1--the latter so small that he often carried it in his pocket when it was fatigued4 ,the following kind of scene constantly occurred4 ,one of the pointers would stand1--the other back1--so also would the spaniel4 ,captain ,j----n1 after killing his bird and loading1 probably said1 ,don1 go fetch it4 ,don went forward to obey4 ,stop ,don4 ,don halted4 ,carlo1 fetch the bird4 ,carlo advanced4 ,stop1 ,carlo4 ,carlo obeyed4 ,tiny1 bring it4 ,the little creature did as ordered1 and placed it in her master's hand1 the pointers meanwhile never moving4 ,page ,header3 ,,scent ,,of ,,hit ,,and ,,missed ,,birds4 #edc4 ,i am not urging you to give up the time requisite to educate dogs so highly as this1 but you see it can be done4 #edd4 ,if the dog that found the covey be not able to wind the bird you have shot1 make one of the other dogs take a large circuit4 ,the latter may thus1 without interfering with the first dog1 come upon the bird1 should it have run far4 ,send him in the direction the covey has taken--the chances are great the bird is travelling towards the same point4 ,by pursuing this plan1 obviously there will be much less chance of your losing a bird than if you allow the dogs to keep close together while searching4 7,see also #aae47 #ede4 ,do not think that by making your setter lift 7after his first season71 instead of pointing dead1 there will be any increased risk of his raising unsprung birds4 ,the difference between the scent of dead or wounded game1 and that of game perfectly uninjured1 is so great that no steady1 experienced dog will fail to point any fresh bird he may come across whilst seeking for that which is lost4 ,as a proof of this ,i may mention that1 #edf4 ,in ,north ,america ,i once saw three snipe lying on the ground1 which a pointer1 that retrieved1 had regularly set one after the other1 having found a couple on his way to retrieve the first1 and which he afterwards brought in succession to his master1 who had all the time governed the dog entirely by signs1 never having been obliged to use his voice beyond saying in a low tone1 ,dead1 or ,find4 ,i remember1 also1 hearing of a retrieving setter that on one occasion pointed a fresh bird1 still retaining in her mouth the winged partridge which she was carrying1--and of a pointer who did the same when he was bringing a hare2 there must1 too1 be few sportsmen who will not admit that they have found it more difficult to make a dog give up the pursuit of a wounded hare than of one perfectly uninjured4 ,i know of a sportsman's saying he felt certain that the hare his retriever was coursing over the moors must have been struck1 although the only person who had fired stoutly maintained that the shot was a regular miss4 ,the owner of the dog1 however1 averred that this was impossible1 as he never could get the discerning animal to follow any kind of unwounded game2 and1 on the other hand1 that no rating would make him quit the pursuit of injured running feather or fur4 ,the retriever's speedy return with puss1 conveniently balanced between his jaws1 bore satisfactory testimony to the accuracy of both his own and his master's judgement4 ,in ,december '#di1 a woodcock that was struck hard took a long flight4 ,a setter bitch ,i have often shot over came1 quite unexpectedly to herself1 on the scent of the bird when it was at such a distance from her that the party who had shot it felt sure she was on other game4 ,instead1 however1 of setting1 the bitch1 who1 be it observed1 is particularly steady1 drew on1 and after deliberately walking up to the woodcock1 gave it a touseling1 for she is not broken into pointing dead4 ,it is certain that her olfactory nerves plainly told her there was no chance of its rising4 ,page ,header3 ,,colonel ,t----,y',s ,,venus4 #edg4 ,in corroboration of the correctness of the opinion ,i have just expressed1 respecting the difference between the scent of injured and uninjured birds1 ,i am glad to be permitted to make the following extract from a letter ,i lately received from ,colonel ,t----y1 spoken of in #ii4 ,he writes1 ,when shooting at ,alresford1 in ,essex1 last year1 ,i had a singular instance of ,venus' sagacity in detecting the scent of wounded game4 ,i was returning home1 and while walking through a field of turnips a covey of birds got up near the fence4 ,i winged one1 which fell in the midst of some rabbits and pheasants feeding near the edge of the cover on the opposite side4 ,of course1 they all bolted at the appearance of such an unwelcome visitor as the retriever--the rabbits into their burrows1--the pheasants into cover4 ,my servant brought the bitch up to the place where ,i thought the bird had fallen4 ,after puzzling about for some time1 she took the trail about thirty yards down by the side of the fence1 and then 'set' at a rabbit-hole4 ,thinking she was mistaken1 ,i rated her and tried to get her away1 but she stuck to her point4 ,determining1 therefore1 to ascertain the facts1 we dug up the top part of a narrow fence1 and bolted a couple of rabbits out of the hole1 at the further end of which we found my wounded bird1 an old ,frenchman4#ii ,page ,header3 ,,harmony ,,between ,,dog ,,and ,,master4 #edh4 ,some good sportsmen maintain that a retrieving setter 7or pointer7 on finding a dead bird ought to point it until directed to lift it4 ,this training they hold to be advisable1 on the ground that it conduces to the dog's steadiness by diminishing his wish to run forward on seeing a bird fall2 but the plan has necessarily this evil consequence1 that should the setter1 when searching for the dead bird1 come across and point1 as he ought1 any fresh game1 on your telling him to fetch it 7as you naturally will71 he must spring it if he attempt to obey you4 ,surely this would tend more to unsteady him than the habit of lifting his dead birds as soon as found8 ,your dog and you ought always to work in the greatest harmony--in the mutual confidence of your1 at all times1 thoroughly understanding each other--and you should carefully avoid the possibility of ever perplexing him by giving him any order it is out of his power to obey1 however much he may exert himself4 ,moreover1 if you teach your retrieving setter to point dead1 you at once relinquish--surely unnecessarily8--all hope of ever witnessing such a fine display of sagacity and steadiness as has just been related in the first part of #edf4 #edi4 ,if you object to a setter's being taught to lift on the ground1 that it will make the other dogs jealous1 pray remember that the argument has equal force against the employment of a regular retriever in their presence4 ,,regular ,,retriever ,,to ,,beat4 #eej4 ,we all have our prejudices1--every ,englishman has a right to many4 ,one of mine is to think a regular retriever positively not worth his keep to you for general shooting if one of your setting dogs will retrieve well--but what an all-important if is this6 ,however1 if you shoot much in cover1 ,i admit that a regular retriever which can be worked in perfect silence1 never refusing to come in when he is merely signalled to1 or1 if out of sight1 softly whistled to1 is better#ajj 7particularly when you employ beaters71 but even then he need not be the idler that one generally sees1--he might be broken in to hunt close to you1 and give you the same service as a mute spaniel4 ,i grant this is somewhat difficult to accomplish1 for it much tends to unsteady him1 but it can be effected1--,i have seen it1--and being practicable1 it is at least worth trying2 for if you succeed1 you1 as before 7#ecf71 make one dog perform the work of two2 and1 besides its evident advantage in thick cover1 if he accompany you in your everyday shooting1 you will thus obtain1 in the course of a season1 many a shot which your other dogs1 especially in hot weather1 would pass over4 ,if1 too1 the retriever hunts quite close to you1 he can in no way annoy his companions1 or interfere with them1 for ,i take it for granted he will be so obedient as to come to heel the instant he gets your signal4 ,page ,header3 ,,retrievers ,,beating4 #eea4 ,many regular retrievers take spontaneously to beating4 ,two brothers1 named ,w----e1 living at ,grewell1 in ,hampshire1 termed by the village wags1 not inappropriately1 ,watergruel 7there is good snipe and duck-shooting in the surrounding marshes71 have a ranging-retriever 7a ,newfoundland71 still young1 now called ,nelly1 though1 as a puppy1 christened ,nelson by the girls of the family4 ,miss ,nelly1 as if to give further proof of the impropriety of her original name1 is remarkably timid1 and therefore has been allowed to follow1 unchecked1 her own devices in the field4 ,in imitation of her companions1 she took to beating and pointing2 and1 after the down charge1 would retrieve as zealously and efficiently as if she had never been allowed to quit heel1 except for that express purpose4 ,i have myself1 when in the north1 killed game to the voluntary point of ,sambo1 a black regular retriever1 who was permitted to range close to the keeper4 ,i have also shot to the point of ,bang1 a very handsome animal1 a cross between a ,newfoundland and a setter4 ,dogs so bred often1 when ranging1 take to pointing for a short period before dashing in2 or can easily be made to do so1--thereby giving the gun a very acceptable caution4 #eeb4 ,the sire of ,venus--honourable mention is made of her in #ii--;a very celebrated dog1 had an invaluable quality as a retriever1 though the very opposite of the range ,i have been recommending4 ,he disturbed as little ground as possible during his search1 and no fresh ground returning4 ,after running with the greatest correctness a wounded pheasant through a large cover1 he would invariably return upon the same track he had taken when first sent from heel4 ,i confess ,i cannot see how this admirable habit could be taught by any one but ,dame ,nature4 ,is it not a beautiful instance of sagacity8 ,but you will observe that1 singularly good as was this regular retriever1 he would have sprung the snipe at which the retrieving-pointer stood 7#edf74 ,for instructions regarding regular land retrievers1 see #aab to #acj4 ,illustration3 ,,example ,,better ,,than ,,precept4 ,accoutred as ,i was ,i plunged in and bade him follow4--,pars4 #bgf and #eec4 ,page ,header3 ,,water ,,spaniels4 ,,water ,,retrievers 7or ,,water ,,spaniels7 ,,to ,,retrieve ,,wounded1 ,,before ,,picking ,,up ,,killed ,,wildfowl4 #eec4 ,this a knowing old dog will often do of his own accord2 but you must not attempt to teach a young one this useful habit1 until you are satisfied that there is no risk of making him blink his birds4 ,you can then call him off when he is swimming towards dead birds1 and signal to him to follow those that are fluttering away4 ,if the water is not too deep1 rush in yourself1 and set him a good example by actively pursuing the runaways2 and until all the cripples that can be recovered#aja are safely bagged1 do not let him lift one of those killed outright4 ,if very intelligent1 he will before long perceive the advantage of the system1 or at least find it the more exciting method1 and adhere to it without obliging you to continue your aquatic excursions4 7,for advice about water retrievers1 see #ij to #ie47 ,i have placed this paragraph among the refinements in breaking2 but ,i ought1 perhaps1 to have entered it sooner2 for if you are fond of duck-shooting1 and live in a neighbourhood where you have good opportunities of following it1 you should regard this accomplishment as a necessary part of your spaniel's education4 ,page ,header3 ,,superfluous ,,accomplishments4 #eed4 ,in your part of the country none of these extra1 or1 as some will say1 always superfluous accomplishments may be required2 but if you consider that a pupil of yours attaining any one of them would be serviceable1 be not deterred from teaching it by the idea that you would be undertaking a difficult task4 ,any one of them1 ,i was nearly saying all of them1 could be taught a dog with far greater ease1 and in a shorter time1 than a well-established1 judicious range4 #eee4 ,it would be quite unreasonable to expect a regular breaker 7mark1 ,i do not say your gamekeeper7 to teach your dog any of these accomplishments4 ,he may be fully aware of the judiciousness of the system1 and be sensible of its great advantages1 but the many imperious calls upon his time would preclude his pursuing it in all its details4 ,at the usual present prices it would not pay him to break in dogs so highly4 ,,chapter ,,xviii4 ,,beckford4 ,,st4 ,,john4 ,,condition4 ,,inoculation4 ,,vaccination4 ,,conclusion4 #eef4 ,reflect on what is said4--#eeg4 ,not to rest content with bad dogs4--#eeh4 ,beckford's opinion of the education that could be given to ,dog4--#eei4 ,education of the ,buck-hound4--#efj1 #efa4 ,st4 ,john's opinion4 ,the old ,show-woman's learned dog4--#efb4 ,hunting to be ,dog's principal enjoyment4--#efc4 ,while young1 not to have run of kitchen4 ,to be in kennel2 not tied up2 chain better than rope4--#efd4 ,when older1 more liberty allowed1 but never to self-hunt2 old ,dogs spontaneously take judicious liberties4 ,easier to teach accomplishments than cure faults4 ,self-hunter's example most dangerous4--#efe4 ,fine range and perseverance attained4 ,irish red setters4--#eff4 ,good condition2 exercise on road2 attention to feet4 ,in ,note1 ,claws sometimes too long2 ,claws of ,tigress that ran into feet4--#efg4 ,diet to be considered2 muscle wanted2 fat detrimental1 except to ,water ,retrievers4 ,in ,note1 recipe for waterproofing boots4--#efh4 ,indian-corn meal2 ,mr4 ,herbert's opinion of2 feed of an evening4--#efi4 ,beef-soup brings ,mange in hot climates3 ,mutton better--meat necessary to prevent disgusting habits4--#egj4 ,good condition of ,nose most material2 ,kennels4--#ega4 ,warmth necessary2 ,winter pups4--#egb4 ,pups inoculated for ,distemper4--#egc to #ege4 ,vaccinated for ,distemper4--#egf4 ,blaine and ,colonel ,cook thought it useless4--#egg4 ,old prejudice against ,vaccination4--#egh4 ,colonel ,hawker advocates it4--#egi4 ,salt for ,distemper4--#ehj4 ,easy to give medicine4--#eha4 ,the method4--#ehb4 ,if force is necessary4--#ehc4 ,castor oil lapped up with milk4--#ehd4 ,dog not to be lent4--#ehf4 ,in ,note1 old sportsman's advice about choosing a ,keeper4--#ehh4 ,education gradual2 taught from the ,a1 ,b1 ,c4 ,in ,note1 ,query1 do ,keepers find time to break in dogs of strangers1 while their masters' remain unfinished8 ,advantage of young ,dog's accompanying ,keeper when he goes his rounds by day4 ,snap daily visiting the traps for his master4--#ehe to #ehi4 ,the ,conclusion4 #eef4 ,we have come to the concluding division 7dignified by the name of ,chapter7 of this little ,work2 for ,i have at length nearly finished my prosing about dog-breaking4 ,but reflect upon what ,i have said4 ,the more you do1 the more1 ,i think1 you will be of opinion that ,i have recommended only what is reasonable1 and that but little attention beyond the trouble usually bestowed1 if directed by good judgment1 is required to give a dog the education which ,i have described4 ,page ,header3 ,,beckford--,,buckhound4 #eeg4 ,i wish ,i could animate you with but a quarter of the enthusiasm which ,i once felt on the subject4 ,i am not desirous of making you dissatisfied with anything that you possess1 excepting your dogs1 such as1 ,i fear1 they most probably are1 and that only because1 if they are young1 a little judicious extra-exertion on your part will add as much to their usefulness as to your own enjoyment4 ,and ,i do not wish them1 or anything you have1 or have not1 to make you discontented2 ,i only pray you not to be supine4 ,if you can get no more alluring drink than cold water1 reflect on its wholesomeness1 and enjoy it1 if you can1 with all the relish of a parched ,arab2 but ,i entreat you not to be contented with a disorderly noise-exciting cur1 when a trifling addition to your pains will ensure you an obedient1 well-trained animal1--one that will procure you twice as many shots as the other4 ,it will1 indeed4 ,believe me1 ,i am not too extravagant in my conception of a perfect dog4 ,you may not consider it worth your while to take the trouble of giving him such an education2 but it seems hardly reasonable to say it could not be imparted4 ,naturally enough you may distrust my judgment1 but you cannot doubt the experience of the reflecting1 discriminating ,beckford2 and what does he say on the subject of canine education8 #eeh4 ,the many learned dogs and learned horses that so frequently appear and astonish the vulgar1 sufficiently evince what education is capable of2 and it is to education ,i must attribute the superior excellence of the buckhound1 since ,i have seen high-bred fox-hounds do the same under the same good masters4 #eei4 ,dogs that are constantly with their masters acquire a wonderful degree of penetration1 and much may be done through the medium of their affections4 ,i attribute the extraordinary sagacity of the buckhound to the manner in which he is treated4 ,he is the constant companion of his instructor and benefactor--the man whom he was first taught to fear he has since learned to love4 ,can we wonder that he should be obedient to him8 ,oft have we viewed with surprise the hounds and deer amusing themselves familiarly together on the same lawn1--living1 as it were1 in the most friendly intercourse2 and with no less surprise have we heard the keeper give the word1 when instantly the very nature of the dog seemed changed2 roused from his peaceful state1 he is urged on with a relentless fury1 which only death can satisfy--the death of the very deer he is encouraged to pursue4 ,the business of the day over1 see him follow1 careless and contented1 his master's steps1 to repose on the same lawn where the frightened deer again return1 and are again indebted to his courtesy for their wonted pasture4 ,wonderful proofs of obedience1 sagacity1 and penetration6 #efj4 ,if you have at hand ,st4 ,john's ,tour in ,sutherlandshire 7he is the author of that most interesting work1 ,wild ,sports and ,natural ,history of the ,highlands71 pray turn to the part in the second volume1 where he describes the old show-woman's learned dog4 ,i would transcribe the whole of the amusing account1 were not this little book already swollen to undue proportions--but ,i must quote the concluding observations1 as his opinion respecting the aptitude of dogs for instruction so fully coincides with ,beckford's4 ,page ,header3 ,,show-,,woman',s ,,dog4 #efa4 ,the tricks consisted of the usual routine of adding up figures1 spelling short words1 and finding the first letter of any town named by one of the company4 ,the last trick was very cleverly done1 and puzzled us very much1 as we--i4e4 the grown-up part of the audience--were most intently watching not him but his mistress1 in order to discover what signs she made to guide him in his choice of the cards2 but we could not perceive that she moved hand or foot1 or made any signal whatever4 ,indeed1 the dog seemed to pay but little regard to her1 but to receive his orders direct from any one who gave them4 ,in fact1 his teaching must have been perfect1 and his intellect wonderful4 ,now ,i dare say ,i shall be laughed at for introducing an anecdote of a learned dog1 and told that it was 'all trick4' ,no doubt it was 'all trick1' but it was a very clever one1 and showed how capable of education dogs are--far more so than we imagine4 ,for here was a dog performing tricks so cleverly that not one out of four or five persons1 who were most attentively watching1 could find out how he was assisted by his mistress4 #efb4 ,in following ,beckford's advice respecting your making1 as far as is practicable1 your dog your constant companion1 do not1 however1 forget that you require him to evince great diligence and perseverance in the field2 and1 therefore1 that his highest enjoyment must consist in being allowed to hunt4 ,page ,header3 ,,liberties ,,permitted4 #efc4 ,now1 it seems to be a principle of nature1--of canine as well as human nature1--to feel1 through life1 most attachment to that pursuit1 whatever it may be1 which is most followed in youth4 ,if a dog is permitted as a youngster to have the run of the kitchen1 he will be too fond of it when grown up4 ,if he is allowed to amuse himself in every way his fancy dictates1 he will think little of the privilege of hunting4 ,therefore1 the hours he cannot pass with you 7after you have commenced his education71 ,i am sorry to say it1 but ,i must do so1 he ought to be in his kennel--loose in his kennel1#ajb not tied up2 for straining at his collar would throw out his elbows1 and so make him grow up bandy-legged4 ,if1 however1 he must be fastened1 let it be by a chain4 ,he would soon learn to gnaw through a cord1 especially if a young puppy1 who1 from nature1 is constantly using his teeth1 and thus acquire a trick that some day might prove very inconvenient were no chain at hand4 ,you would greatly consult his comfort by having the chain attached1 with a loose ring and swivel1 to a spike fixed a few paces in front of his kennel1 so that he could take some exercise by trotting round and round4 ,page ,header3 ,,self-,,hunting4 #efd4 ,when your dog has attained some age1 and hunting has become with him a regular passion1 ,i believe you may give him as much liberty as you please without diminishing his zeal1--but most carefully prevent his ever hunting alone1 technically called self-hunting4 ,at that advanced time of life1 too1 a few occasional irregularities in the field may be innocuously permitted4 ,the steadiest dogs will1 at times1 deviate from the usual routine of their business1 sagaciously thinking that such departure from rule must be acceptable if it tends to obtain the game2 and it will be advisable to leave an experienced dog to himself whenever he evinces great perseverance in spontaneously following some unusual plan4 ,you may have seen an old fellow1 instead of cautiously roading and pointing dead1 rush forward and seize an unfortunate winged bird1 while it was making the best use of its legs after the flight of the rest of the covey--some peculiarity in the scent emitted having probably betrayed to the dog's practised nose that the bird was injured4 ,when your pup arrives at such years of discrimination1 you need not so rigorously insist upon a patient down charge1 should you see a winged cock-pheasant running into cover4 ,your dog's habits of discipline would be1 ,i should hope1 too well confirmed by his previous course of long drill for such a temporary departure from rule to effect any permanent mischief2 but1 oh6 beware of any such laxity with a young pupil1 however strongly you may be tempted4 ,in five minutes you may wholly undo the labour of a month4 ,on days1 therefore1 when you are anxious1 cote qui cote1 to fill the game-bag1 pray leave him at home4 ,let him acquire any bad habit when you are thus pressed for birds1 and you will have more difficulty in eradicating it than you would have in teaching him almost any accomplishment4 ,this reason made me all along keep steadily in view the supposition1 that you had commenced with a dog unvitiated by evil associates1 either biped or quadruped2 for assuredly you would find it far easier to give a thoroughly good education to such a pupil1 than to complete the tuition 7particularly in his range7 of one usually considered broken1 and who must1 in the natural order of things1 have acquired some habits more or less opposed to your own system4 ,if1 as a puppy1 he had been allowed to self-hunt and chase1 your labour would be herculean4 ,and inevitably this would have been your task1 had you ever allowed him to associate with any dog who self-hunted4 ,the oldest friend in your kennel might be led astray by forming an intimacy with the veriest cur1 if a self-hunter4 ,there is a fascination in the vice--above all1 in killing young hares and rabbits1--that the steadiest dog cannot resist when he has been persuaded to join in the sport by some vagabond of a poacher possessing a tolerable nose1 rendered keenly discerning by experience4 #efe4 ,i hope that by this time we too well understand each other for you now to wonder why ,i think that you should not commence hunting your young dog where game is abundant4 ,professional breakers prefer such ground1 because1 from getting plenty of points1 it enables them to train their dogs more quickly1 and sufficiently well to ensure an early sale4 ,this is their object1 and they succeed4 ,my object is that you shall establish ultimately great perseverance and a fine range in your young dog1 let birds be ever so scarce4 ,if you show him too many at first1 he will subsequently become easily dispirited whenever he fails in getting a point4 ,page ,header3 ,,energy ,,of ,,irish ,,dogs4 ,it is the general paucity of game in ,ireland 7snipe and woodcock excepted7 that makes dogs trained in that country show so much untiring energy and indomitable zeal when hunted on our side of the ,channel4 ,but the slight wiry ,irish red setter 7whom it is so difficult to see on the moor from his colour71 is naturally a dog of great pace and endurance4 ,there is1 however1 a much heavier sort4 #eff4 ,many dogs1 solely from want of good condition1 greatly disappoint their masters at the beginning of the season4 ,you could not expect your hunter to undergo a hard day's work without a previous course of tolerably severe exercise2 and why expect it of your dog8 ,a couple of hours' quiet exercise in the cool of the morning or evening will not harden his feet1 and get him into the wind and condition requisite for the performance you may desire of him some broiling day in the middle of ,august or early in ,september4 ,if you do not like to disturb your game1 and have no convenient country to hunt over1 why should you not give him some gallops before the beginning of the shooting-season1 when you are mounted on your trotting hackney8 ,think how greyhounds are by degrees brought into wind and hard meat before coursing commences4 ,such work on the road will greatly benefit his feet1#ajc particularly if1 on his return home in wet weather1 they are bathed with a strong solution of salt and water4 ,when the ground is hard and dry1 they should be washed with warm water and soap1 both to soothe them and to remove all dust and gravel4 ,they might afterwards be gradually hardened by applying the salt and water4 ,when they are inflamed and bruised1 almost a magical cure might be effected by their being sponged with a solution of arnica--ten parts of water to one of arnica4 ,should the dog lick the lotion1 dissolve a little aloes in it4 ,if1 by-the-bye1 you would make it a rule personally to ascertain that attention is always paid to your dogs after a hard day's work1 and not leave them to the tender mercies of an uninterested servant1 you would soon be amply repaid for your trouble by their additional performance4 ,many men make it a rule to send their dogs to the mountains a week or two before the grouse-shooting2 but they seldom even then get sufficiently exercised1 and their mettle is slacked 7confessedly a temporary advantage with half broken1 wild dogs71 instead of being increased1 by finding that1 however many points they may make 7at squeakers under their nose71 they never secure a bird4 ,a month's road-work1 with alterative medicine1 is far better4 ,page ,header3 ,,muscle ,,wanted1 ,,not ,,fat4 #efg4 ,dogs severely worked should be fed abundantly on a nutritious diet4 ,hunters and stage-coach horses have an unlimited allowance1 and the work of eager setters and pointers 7in a hilly country particularly7 is proportionately hard2 but the constitutions of dogs vary so greatly that the quantity as well as quality of their diet should be considered2 for it must be your aim to obtain the largest development of muscle with the least superfluity of flesh1--that enemy to pace and endurance in dog as surely as in horse and man4 ,yet this remark does not apply to a water retriever3 he should have fat4 ,it is a warm1 well-fitting great coat1 more impervious to wet than a ,mackintosh1--furnished by ,providence to whales1 bears1 and all animals that have to contend with cold2 and obviously your patient companion will feel the benefit of one when he is shivering alongside you while you are lying perdu in a bed of damp rushes4#ajd ,page ,header3 ,,nose ,,in ,,condition4 #efh4 ,having mentioned condition1 ,i am led to observe1 that in ,america ,i saw a pointer1 which1 from being hunted1 ,i may say daily1 ,sundays excepted1 could not be kept in condition on oatmeal and greaves1 but which was put in hard flesh1 and did his work admirably1 when ,indian-corn meal was substituted for the oatmeal4 ,i have not seen it used in this country1 but ,i can fancy it to be a heating food1 better calculated for dogs at regular hard work than when they are summering4#aje ,it is well known that no food should be given in a very hot state1--not of a higher temperature than milk-warm2 and that evening is the proper feeding-time1 in order that the dogs may sleep immediately afterwards1 and not be full when they are taken out for their morning's work4 #efi4 ,in ,india1 ,i remember complaining to an old sportsman that ,i had much difficulty in keeping my dogs free from mange4 ,he at once asked if ,i did not give them beef-tea with their rice4 ,i acknowledged that ,i did4 ,he said it was of too heating a nature4 ,i tried mutton-broth1 agreeably to his recommendation4 ,every vestige of mange vanished1 but yet ,i could hardly believe it attributable to so slight a change in their diet1 for very little meat was used4 ,as the mutton was much dearer1 ,i again tried the beef4 ,it would not do4 ,the mange reappeared4 ,i was1 therefore1 obliged to return to the mutton1 and continue it4 ,the teeth of dogs show that flesh is a natural diet2 and if they are wholly deprived of it when they are young1 they will acquire most revolting habits1--feeding upon any filth they may find1 and often rolling in it4 ,the meat should be cooked4 #egj4 ,the good condition of a dog's nose is far from being an immaterial part of his conditioning1 for on the preservation of its sensitiveness chiefly depends your hope of sport4 ,if it be dry from being feverish1 or if it be habituated to the villanous smells of an impure kennel1 how are you to expect it to acknowledge the faintest taint of game--yet one that1 if followed up by olfactory nerves in high order1 would lead to a sure find8 ,sweetness of breath is a strong indication of health4 ,cleanliness is as essential as a judicious diet2 and you may be assured1 that if you look for excellence1 you must always have your youngster's kennel clean1 dry1 airy1 and yet sufficiently warm4 ,the more you attend to this1 the greater will be his bodily strength and the finer his nose4 ,in ,india the kennels are1 of course1 too hot2 but in the best constructed which fell under my observation1 the heat was much mitigated by the roofs being thickly thatched with grass4 ,in ,england1 however1 nearly all kennels--,i am not speaking of those for hounds--are far too cold in winter4 ,page ,header3 ,,kennels4 ,,warmth ,,necessary4 #ega4 ,there must be sufficient warmth4 ,observe how a petted dog1 especially after severe exercise1 lays himself down close to the fire1 and enjoys it4 ,do you not see that instinct teaches him to do this8 and must it not be of great service to him8 ,why1 therefore1 deny him in cold weather1 after a hard day's work1 a place on the hearth-rug8 ,it is the want of sufficient heat in the kennels1 and good drying and brushing after hard work1 that makes sporting dogs1 particularly if they are long-coated ones1 suffer from rheumatism1 blear eyes1 and many ills that generally1 but not necessarily1 attend them in old age4 ,the instance given in #bbf is a proof of this4 ,winter pups1 you are told1 are not so strong as those born in summer4 ,they would be1 if they were reared in a warm room4 ,the mother's bodily heat cannot warm them2 for after a while1 they so pull her about and annoy her1 that she either leaves them for a time1 or drives them from her4 ,page ,header3 ,,vaccination ,,for ,,distemper4 #egb4 ,as ,i have casually touched on puppies1 ,i will take the opportunity of recommending1 according to the plan adopted by some sportsmen1 and of which ,i have experienced the advantage1 that you have a whole litter1 soon after it has been weaned1 7provided it be in a healthy state71 inoculated for the distemper1--a small feather1 previously inserted in the nose of a diseased dog1 being for an instant put up the nostrils of the puppies4 ,it will be necessary to keep them unusually warm1#ajf and feed them high1 while they are suffering from the effects of this treatment4 ,it is not likely that you will lose any2 but if you should1 the loss will be small compared with that of an educated dog at a mature age4 ,the extent of the mischief will probably be a slight cough1 with a little running at the nose for a few days4 #egc4 ,having heard that vaccination would greatly mitigate the distressing symptoms of distemper1 if not entirely remove all susceptibility to infection1 ,i endeavoured to possess myself with the facts of the case4 ,circumstances were thus brought to my knowledge which appear so interesting1 that a brief detail of them may not be unacceptable to some of my readers4 ,it would seem that vaccination might be made as great a blessing to the canine race as it has proved to mankind3--that is to say1 many experienced men are still of that opinion4 ,all that ,i heard of material import is nearly embodied in letters ,i received1 some years ago1 from ,mr4 ,l----e1 of ,neat's ,court1 ,isle of ,sheppey1 an intelligent sportsman1 much attached to coursing4 ,as ,i am sure he will not object to my doing so1 ,i will quote largely from his notes4 ,he writes nearly mot--mot4 #egd4 ,it is with pleasure that ,i answer yours of this morning1 and give you what little information ,i can respecting the vaccination of my puppies4 ,mr4 ,fellowes1 who resided about eight years since at #cd1 ,baker ,street1 was the first person from whom ,i learned anything on the subject4 ,he was a great breeder of bull-dogs1 of all the canine race the most difficult to save in distemper1 greyhounds being1 perhaps1 the next on the list4#ajg ,he told me that in twelve years he had lost but two puppies1 and those not1 he believed1 from distemper1 and yet he had regularly bred every year4 #ege4 ,i went to town purposely to see him operate upon a clutch4 ,the method is very simple4 ,take a small piece of floss silk1 and draw the end through a needle4 ,on about the middle of the silk place some matter 7when in a proper state7 extracted from a child's arm4 ,unfold 7throw back7 the ear so as to be able to see the interior part near the root4 ,you will then perceive a little projecting knob or kernel almost detached from the ear4 ,with the needle pierce through this kernel4 ,draw the silk each way till the blood starts4 ,tie the ends of the silk1 and the process is completed4 ,you may let the silk remain there3 it will drop off after a time4 ,the object is to deposit the matter by this method1 instead of employing a lancet4 ,i have great faith in the efficacy of the plan1 simple as it appears4 ,with me it has never failed4 ,for some years in succession ,i dropped a clutch of greyhounds and two litters of setters1 and not a single pup had the distemper more severely than for the disease to be just perceptible4 ,a little opening medicine then quickly removed that slight symptom of illness4 ,perhaps the best age to operate upon puppies is when they are well recovered from their weaning4 #egf4 ,the balance of testimony and experience is1 in my opinion1 quite in favour of vaccination2 but there are authorities of weight who think that no good results from it4 ,it is1 however1 certain that it cannot be productive of harm4 ,blaine writes that1 as far as his experience went1 vaccination neither exempts the canine race from the attack of the distemper1 nor mitigates the severity of the complaint4 ,he adds1 however1 that the point was still at issue4 #egg4 ,it appears right to observe that ,blaine and ,jenner were contemporaries at a period when the medical world was greatly opposed to the vaccination of children4 ,it is not surprising1 therefore1 that there should have been an unjust prejudice against the vaccination of puppies4 ,youatt is altogether silent on the subject1 although he quotes ,dr4 ,jenner's description of distemper4 ,colonel ,cook1 in his observations on fox-hunting1 c41 says1 ,vaccination was tried in some kennels as a preventive1 but it failed1 and was abandoned4 ,mayhew#ajh does not allude to it4 #egh4 ,not until after the foregoing remarks on vaccination were written1 was ,i aware that ,colonel ,hawker recommended the plan1 or1 of course1 ,i should1 in former editions1 have quoted such high authority4 ,speaking in #ahch1 he observes1 ,i have ever since adopted the plan of vaccination2 and so little1 if any1 has been the effect of distemper after it1 that ,i have not lost a dog since the year #ahaf4--,this remedy has been followed with great success both here and in the ,united ,states4 ,the plan adopted is to insert a small quantity of vaccine matter under each ear1 just as you would do in the human arm4 #egi4 ,i know of many dogs in the south of ,england having been cured of a regular attack of distemper by a lump of salt1 about the size of a common marble1 being occasionally forced down their throats2 say1 for a grown-up pointer1 half a dozen doses1 with an interval of two or three hours between each4 ,the salt acts as an emetic4 ,nourishing food and warmth are very requisite4 ,page ,header3 ,,medicine1 ,,how ,,given4 #ehj4 ,to some few of my readers it may possibly be of use to observe1 that with a little management1 it is very easy to trick a dog into taking medicine4 #eha4 ,if your patient is a large animal1 make a hole in a piece of meat1 and having wrapped the physic in thin paper1 shove it into the hole4 ,throw the dog one or two bits of meat1 then the piece containing the medicine1 and the chances are that he will bolt it without in the least suspecting he has been deceived4 ,a pill1 enveloped in silver paper1 emits no smell4 ,if a powder is well rubbed up with butter1 and a little at a time of the mixture be smeared over the animal's nose1 he will lick it off and swallow it4 ,powders can also be placed between thin slices of bread and butter1 and be so administered4 ,if you are treating a small pampered favourite1 probably a little previous starvation will assist you4 #ehb4 ,should you fail in your stratagems1 and force be necessary1 it will be best to lay the dog on his back1 or place him in a sitting posture between your knees1 with his back towards you4 ,in either position his legs are useless to him1 as they have no fulcrum4 ,while you are making him open his mouth1 if you do this by forcing your thumb and fingers between his grinders1 you can effectually protect yourself from a bite by covering them with the dog's own lips--any powders then placed far back on the tongue near the throat must be swallowed on the dog's mouth being firmly closed for a few seconds4 ,he will not be able to eject them as they will adhere to his moist tongue4 ,if given with a little dry sugar they will be the less nauseous1 and therefore the dog will be less disposed to rebel when next you have occasion to act the part of a doctor4 #ehc4 ,castor oil is a valuable medicine for dogs2 and it is a good plan to let a pup occasionally lap milk into which a little of this oil is poured1 as then he will not in after life dislike the mixture4 ,page ,header3 ,,dog ,,not ,,to ,,be ,,lent4 #ehd4 ,i have still one very important direction to give3 ,,never ,,lend ,,your ,,dog4 ,it may seem selfish1 but if you make him a really good one1 ,i strongly advise you never to lend him to any one not even to a brother1 unless1 indeed1 his method of hunting be precisely the same as your's4 ,if you are a married man1 you will not1 ,i presume1 lend your wife's horse to any one who has a coarse hand2 you would at least do it with reluctance2 but you ought 7,i hope she will forgive my saying so7 to feel far more reluctance and far more grief1 should you be obliged to lend a good dog to an ignorant sportsman or to one who shoots for the pot4 ,,conclusion4 #ehe4 ,gentle ,reader1 according to the courteous phraseology of old novels1 though most probably ,i ought to say1 ,brother ,sportsman2--if you have had the patience to attend me through the preceding pages1 while ,i have been describing the educational course of a dog from almost his infancy1 up to maturity1 ,i will hope that ,i may construe that patience into an evidence that they have afforded you some amusement and1 perhaps1 some useful instruction4 #ehf4 ,though ,i may have failed in persuading you to undertake the instruction of your dogs yourself1 yet ,i trust ,i have shown you how they ought to be broken in2#aji and if you are a novice in the field1 ,i hope ,i have clearly explained to you in what manner they ought to be shot over1--a knowledge which no one can possess by intuition1 and which you will find nearly as essential to the preservation of the good qualities of well-tutored dogs1 as to the education of uninformed ones4 #ehg4 ,i believe that all ,i have said is perfectly true1 and1 as the system which ,i have described advocates kind treatment of man's most faithful companion1 and his instruction with mildness rather than severity1 ,i trust that you will be induced to give it a fair trial1 and if you find it successful1 recommend its adoption4 #ehh4 ,i dare not ask for the same favour at the hands of the generality of regular trainers--,i have no right to expect such liberality4 ,they1 naturally enough1 will not readily forgive my intruding upon what they consider exclusively their own domain1--and1 above all1 they will not easily pardon my urging every sportsman to break in his own dogs4 ,they will1 ,i know1 endeavour to persuade their employers that the finished education which ,i have described is useless1 or quite unattainable1 without a great sacrifice of time2#aaj and that1 therefore1 the system which ,i advocate is a bad one4 ,they will wish it to be forgotten--that ,i advise a gradual advance1 step by step1 from the ,a1 ,b1 ,c2--that accomplishments have only been recommended after the acquisition of essentials--never at the expense of essentials2--that at any moment it is in the instructor's power to say1 ,i am now satisfied with the extent of my pupil's acquirements1 and have neither leisure nor inclination to teach him more2--and that they cannot suggest quicker means of imparting any grade of education1 however incomplete2 at least they do not--,i wish they would2 few would thank them more than myself4 ,page ,header3 ,,cause ,,of ,,author',s ,,writing4 #ehi4 ,greatly vexed at the erroneous way in which ,i saw some dogs instructed in the north by one1 who from his profession should have known better1 ,i promised1 on the impulse of the moment1 to write4 ,if ,i could have purchased any work which treated the subject in what ,i considered a judicious and perspicuous manner1 and1 above all1 which taught by what means a finished education could be imparted1 ,i would gladly have recommended the study of it1--have spared myself the trouble of detailing the results of my own observations and experience1--and not have sought to impose on any one the task of reading them4 ,when ,i began the book1 and even when ,i had finished it1 ,i intended to put it forth without any token by which the writer might be discovered4 ,mr4 ,murray1 however1 forcibly presented that unless the public had some guarantee for the fidelity of the details1 there would be no chance of the little work being circulated1 or proving useful2 therefore1 having written solely from a desire to assist my brother sportsmen1 and to show the injudiciousness of severity1 with a wish that my readers might feel as keen a zest for shooting as ,i once possessed1 and with a charitable hope that they might not be compelled to seek it in as varied climates as was my lot1 ,i at once annexed my address and initials to the manuscript1 but with no expectation that my pen could interest the public half as much as it would a favourite ,skye terrier1 well known in ,albemarle ,street4 ,,united ,,service ,,club1 ,,pall ,,mall4 ,illustration3 ,,brisk4 ,,postscript ,,to ,,the ,,second ,,edition1 ,,reprinted ,,in ,,this4 ,page ,header3 ,,mr4 ,l----,g',s ,,letter4 ,sometime after the foregoing sheets were numbered and prepared for the press1 ,i received a letter on the subject of dogs and dog-breaking from ,mr4 ,l----g 7spoken of in #ahc74 ,i had long ago requested him freely to make remarks upon my book1 assuring him that as ,i had only written from a wish to be serviceable1 ,i could not but take all his comments in good part1 however much they might be opposed to my pre-conceived ideas4 ,i further promised to mention his criticisms for the benefit of my future readers1 if ,i considered them judicious4 ,every man is fully entitled to form an opinion for himself3 and as there are minor points--though on most we are fully agreed--in which ,mr4 ,l----g and myself slightly differ1 ,i think it the fairest plan to let him explain his own views in his own way1 and ,i have the less hesitation in doing so as1 to most sportsmen1 a letter from a clever sportsman on his favourite subject must always be more or less interesting4 ,he writes nearly word for word as follows3-- #g1 ,,haymarket1 ,january1 #ahej4 ,,sir1--,on perusing your book on dog-breaking ,i really find little1 if anything1 to say that will assist you in your new edition2 but ,i must observe that ,i think you would be doing a service to the community1 if you would lend a helping hand to improve the breed of pointers2 or rather to get up a sort of committee of sportsmen 7thorough judges7 to investigate into the pedigree of dogs1 and express their opinion of the make1 nose1 durability1 c41 of the several animals submitted to them2 that prizes might be awarded1 or stakes hunted for2 and books kept of the pedigree of the several competitors1 much in the same way as such matters are managed with greyhounds4 ,it is of no consequence how fast a dog travels who is wanted for the moors1 or how wide he ranges2 but such a dog would be worse than useless in the south1 and in all small enclosures4 ,i feel assured that dogs which are first-rate on grouse are not fitted for partridge4 ,my experience tells me that not one dog in twenty is worth keeping1--that the generality do far more harm than good1--this ,i see almost every day that ,i am out4 ,there seem to be now-a-days no recognised thorough-bred pointers1 but those obtained from one or two kennels in ,yorkshire4 ,i have shot over many north-country dogs1 but found there was too much of the fox-hound blood in them for the south1--they are too high-couraged1 and range much too far4 ,after the first fortnight of partridge-shooting you want quiet1 close rangers who will never move until told4 ,in the turnip-fields in ,norfolk you will get among lots of birds1 and you may then fill your bag any day1 provided you can hunt the field in perfect quiet2 but with a rattling1 blustering dog you will hardly get a shot1--yet you want a dog that shall be neither too large nor too heavy4 ,not one dog in fifty of the many ,i see1 properly hunts his ground4 ,the reason is this4 ,the keepers in the north1--yet none understand their duties better1--take out a lot of dogs along with an old one2 off they all start like oiled lightning--some one way1 the others just the contrary3 one gets a point1 they all drop and stop4 ,the keepers say1 is not that beautiful8--is it not a picture for ,landseer8 ,i have followed the party on the moors over the self-same ground a dozen of times1 and obtained with my brace of close rangers and good finders double the number of shots that they did1 and three times the amount of game2 for ,i was walking at my ease1 and giving my dogs time to make out the birds--which is very essential in the middle of the day1 when there is a scorching sun4 ,i recollect one instance in particular4 ,some years ago ,i had just arrived at the top of a very stiff hill on the ,bradfield ,moors 7in ,yorkshire71 and was making for a certain spring where ,i had forwarded my luncheon1 and a fresh supply of ammunition1 when ,i saw1 immediately before me1 two gentlemen with their keepers1 and four very good-looking setters1 hunting the precise ground ,i had to take to get to my point--about a mile off4 ,i therefore sat down for a quarter of an hour to let them get well ahead4 ,they found several straggling birds2 but there was such a noise from the keepers rating and hallooing to the dogs1 that1 although they got five or six shots1 they only bagged one brace of birds4 ,when they reached the spring1 they observed me coming over the very ground they had beat only a quarter of an hour before4 ,i got ten shots1 every one to points1 and killed nine birds4 ,i was highly complimented on the beautiful1 quiet style of my dogs1 c41 and was offered a goblet of as fine old sherry as man ever drunk4 ,i need not observe that ,i much relished it after my morning's walk4 ,the gentlemen said1 that if ,i felt disposed to take the dogs to the ,tontine ,inn1 ,sheffield1 when ,i had done with them1 ,i should find fifty guineas there awaiting me2 but ,i declined the offer1 as on several occasions ,i had repented having yielded to the temptation of a long price for favourite dogs4 ,the brace ,i refused to sell were young setters1 bred by ,tom ,cruddas1 keeper to--,bowes1 ,esq41 near ,barnard ,castle1 ,durham4 ,i subsequently found them very unfitted for the style of work required in small fields and indifferent stubble1 and ,i was well beaten in a trial with them against a brace of ,russian setters4 ,i afterwards procured the latter by exchanging my ,englishmen for them4 ,for two years ,i was much pleased with the foreigners1 and bred some puppies from them2 they did not1 however1 turn out to my satisfaction4 ,i then tried a cross with some of the best dogs ,i could get in ,england and from ,russia1 but could never obtain any so good as the original stock4 ,i have now got into a breed of red and white pointers from the splendid stock of the late ,sir ,harry ,goodrich1 and many and many another hundred head of game should ,i have killed1--and in much greater comfort and temper should ,i have shot1--had ,i possessed so perfect a breed twenty years ago4 ,as a proof of what can be done with dogs1 ,i will mention that ,i broke in a spaniel to hunt 7with my setters7 in the open as well as in cover1 and made him 'point1' 'back1' and 'drop to charge1' as perfectly as any dog you ever saw2 and he would1 when ordered1 retrieve his game2 the setter1 meanwhile1 never moving until desired4 ,i shot over them for two years4 ,they were a very killing pair1 but had not a sporting look4 ,in ,september1 '#ch1 ,i took them with me to that excellent sportsman1 ,sir ,richard ,sutton4 ,the old ,squire ,osbaldiston1 was there4 ,they were both much pleased with the dogs4 ,by letting my poor pet ',dash' run about1 he was bitten by a mad dog in the neighbourhood4 ,of course ,i lost him4 ,speaking of spaniels1 ,i must say ,i think that there is no kind of dog that retrieves birds so well in thick turnips1 where so much dead and wounded game is frequently left unbagged4 ,with ',dash' ,i seldom lost a feather in the strongest turnips in the course of a whole day2 but ,i now rarely go out with sportsmen but that ,i see two or three birds lost1--sometimes more1--from what are said to be the best breed of retrievers in the country4 ,the constant loss of wounded birds is one of the drawbacks to the ,norfolk shooting1 where1 without doubt1 the finest shooting in ,england is to be obtained4 ,gentlemen there go out1 some four1 five1 or six in a line1 with only one or two retrievers1 and a man to each to pick up the killed game4 ,the sportsmen never stop to load1 for each has generally a man by his side with a spare gun ready charged4 ,if a bird is winged1 or a hare wounded1 the dogs go in at once to fetch it4 ,were the sportsmen to divide into distinct parties1 each party taking one or two steady1 close-ranging dogs1 what much more true sport and pleasure they would have6--and kill1 too1 quite as much game4 ,you ask me wherein ,i differ from you in what you have written8 ,certainly in very little1--and ,i have sent several gentlemen to ,murray's for copies of your book2 but in page #c1 you say that 'dog-breaking does not require much experience4' ,there ,i cannot agree with you1--for how is it that there are so few who understand it8 ,not one keeper or gentleman in a thousand1 in my opinion4 ,the reason is that they have not sufficient practice and experience4#aaa ,in another point ,i differ with you4 ,i have seen some of the best rangers ,i ever shot over made by being allowed to follow their mother in the field1 or some very old dog1#aab--what some people would term a worn-out potterer4 ,but ,i think it a yet better plan to attach a lay-cord of about forty yards in length to the collar of the young dog1 and let a man or boy hold the other end4 ,you will give a slight whistle when he gets to the extremity of his range1 and a wave of the hand to turn him forward or back4#aac ,by such means ,i have seen dogs1 with a few days' constant shooting1 made perfect in that1--the most essential thing in all dog-breaking4 ,i observe that you condemn the check-collar#aad in toto4 ,i think you are wrong4 ,i have seen dogs cured by it who would not drop to shot1 but would perpetually rush in1 especially if a wounded bird was fluttering near them1 and who had been most unmercifully licked1 to no useful purpose4 ,i recollect orders being given to destroy a dog that appeared utterly incorrigible4 ,as he was a beautiful 'finder1' ,i begged that he might be allowed one more trial4 ,i sent to town for a check-collar1 and in a few hours he was pulled head over heels half-a-dozen times4 ,he then found out what he was punished for1 squatted down accordingly1 and never afterwards attempted to rush forward1 unless he was over-fresh4 ,you speak of hares not annoying your dogs in ,scotland4 ,i have been sadly annoyed by them when grouse-shooting there4 ,in one part1 from hares jumping up every five minutes1 ,i had great difficulty in restraining my dogs from chasing2 and on this occasion ,i found the check-collar quite a blessing1--for had ,i used the whip ,i should have been thrown off my shooting1 and the noise would have disturbed the birds4 ,i had at the time two of the best shots in ,england shooting against me1 and ,i should to a certainty have been beaten had ,i not been so prudent as to take out the collar4 ,i remember selling to a young officer a brace of my puppies1 or rather young dogs 7for they were eighteen months old71 for twenty-five guineas4 ,they were well broken1 but had not been shot over4 ,he had not been an hour on the moors before up started one of the small ,scotch sheep4 ,both the dogs gave chase1 and on their return the keeper was directed to give them a good dressing4 ,one of them would not hunt for them again1 and became so timid that the officer desired the keeper to get rid of it4 ,it was given to a gentleman in the neighbourhood1 who knew he could not be far away in accepting it1 as it had been bred and sold by me4 ,he took it out a few times and soon found out its value4 ,the other dog the officer sold for #ajl41 and then wrote a very angry letter to me1 complaining of my having sold him such a brace as well broken4 ,a fortnight after this he invited the gentleman who had become possessor of the shy puppy to come and shoot with him4 ,the gentleman made his appearance with1 what he termed1 his 'shy friend4' ,after many protestations against taking out such a brute1 it was agreed that it should be done on the gentleman's offering to bet #el4 that his 'shy friend' would get more points than either of the dogs they proposed hunting2 and another #el4 that he should prove himself the best broken of the dogs1 and never during the whole day offer to chase hare or sheep4 ,the bets were not made1 but to show you the esteem in which his late master afterwards held the animal1 he offered fifty guineas to get her back1 but the money was refused4 ,his brother also turned out a magnificent dog--so much for want of patience4 ,it is just possible that all ,i have written may be of no use1--but should you find it of any1 it is quite at your service4 ,since ,i last saw you ,i have had many more opportunities of observing the extraordinary nose of the dog ,i showed you--a quality in which ,i fancy forty-nine out of fifty dogs are deficient4 ,i sent him down to ,hickfield-place1 ,hants1 for the ,speaker1 who is an excellent sportsman1 to use for a few times to see if he was not superior to his dogs4 ,he returned the dog with a very handsome basket of game1 saying he was one of the finest dogs he had ever seen hunted1 and he begged me to get him a brace of the same kind against next season2 stating that the price would be no consideration if they proved as good as mine4 ,i have tried him against many other old dogs1 said to be 'the best in ,england1' but not one of them had a shadow of a chance against him4 ,i have refused a very long price for him4 ,for beauty1 style1 symmetry1 nose1 durability1 and good temper 7a great thing71 none can beat him4 ,i should like to increase his breed for the sake of the shooting community2 yet ,i have no wish to keep him publicly as a sire1 nor to send him away4 ,i think ,i should be doing a general benefit1 if ,i gave it out that his services could be obtained for three guineas3 and that the sums thus obtained were to be set aside as a prize for the best dog1 to be contended for by competitors who should give #cl4 or #el4 each4 ,something of this kind1 could1 ,i think1 be managed1 and it would greatly tend to improve our breed of pointers4 ,i bought a bitch with the view of getting some pups by him4 ,she had nine1 but not one like the father1 grandfather1 or great-grandfather--so ,i sold her1 puppies and all4 ,i have just purchased another2 she comes of an excellent stock1 and has good shape4 ,i shall see what luck ,i have with her4 ,she is a far more likely dam4 ,i should have written to you long ago1 had ,i not expected to meet the person ,i term my ,yorkshire breeder4 ,he is the best breaker ,i ever saw1 and a man you can depend upon4 ,he and his father1 for sixty years1 have borne as high a character for honesty1 as for excellence in breaking4 ,many a time has he contended1 and always come off victor1 against ,mr4 ,edge's dogs--a good trial kennel1 but the breed have savage dispositions1 bad tempers1 and are very unmanageable when young4 ,i have tried many of them myself1 and have no faith in them4 ,on the moors1 when the work is excessively fatiguing1 and plenty of water is generally to be found1 you may with advantage employ setters3 but in a hot ,september1 in ,england1 when no water could be procured1 ,i have known some of the best setters ,i ever saw do nothing but put up the birds4 ,in mid-day1 when there was but little scent1 their nasal organs seemed quite to fail them1 and being fast they constantly ran into coveys before they could stop themselves4 ,i was once asked to be umpire in a match between a pointer and a setter4 ,it was to be decided by which of the dogs got most points in the day4 ,as this was the agreement1 ,i was obliged to abide by it and decide accordingly3 but that is not the test by which the superiority of dogs ought to be determined4 ,i presume what is really wanted in a dog is usefulness to his master in killing game4 ,if so1 that dog ought to be considered best which gets his master most shots within a rise not exceeding forty yards4#aae ,the setter being faster and taking a much wider range1 got by far the most points1 therefore ,i was compelled to award him the prize2 but the pointer made twenty-two points to which the party got twenty-one shots4 ,the setter got thirty points1 but only sixteen of them could be shot to1 and he put up thrice as many birds as the pointer4 ,i could mention twenty other similar instances of trials between pointers and setters1 but ,i should fill half-a-dozen more sheets and not interest you4 ,it is getting dark1 so ,i will conclude my long yarn4 ,i am1 ,sir1 ,your obedient servant1 7,signed7 ,,josh4 ,,lang4 ,,appendix4 ,,note ,,to #fe4--;,covers4--,shooting4--,loading4 ,what convenient covers they are--and what excellent shelter they furnish for game1 when planted with holly1 laurel1 and other evergreens6--especially if the proprietor1 in a moment of sporting enthusiasm1 has consented to his keeper's request1 and had some of the trees half-felled1 so that the branches lying on the ground live and grow1 deriving nourishment from the sap still flowing through the uncut bark4 ,perhaps gorse forms the best ground cover for the preservation of game2 but it is far from being the most agreeable to shoot in4 ,it has1 however1 a great merit--it is much disliked by poachers4 ,there should be good roosting-trees2 and the different kinds of fir--spruce particularly--give most security1 their thick1 spreading branches affording much concealment at all seasons of the year4 ,they are1 too1 of quick growth4 ,but the most favourably planted covers will prove unattractive unless there is a constant supply of water within a reasonable distance4 ,an old brother officer of mine1 who has property in ,suffolk1 argues1--and most will think correctly1--that for the preservation of game1 beltings should not run round the external part of an estate 7as is often the case17 but lie well within it1 and at some distance from a high road4 ,talking of beltings and pheasants1 as some sporting ,griffin 7to use an ,indian expression7 may come across this book1 ,i may as well1 for his sake1 mention1 that pheasants are generally prevented from running to the further end of a belting1 and then rising in one dense cloud1 by a man sent ahead striking two sticks together1 or making some other slight noise which1 without too much alarming the birds1 yet prevents their running past him4 ,as the guns approach him he gets further forward and takes up another position1 keeping wide of the cover whilst he is on the move4 ,should the ,griffin make one of the shooting party1 he is advised to bear in mind that the guns should keep close to the hedge 7or rails71 that any game on the point of breaking may not so readily observe them1 and in consequence beat a retreat4 ,by-the-bye1 my young friend1 should you wish your host to give you another invitation to his covers never let him see you carrying your barrels horizontally4 ,if you are a bit of a soldier you will know what ,i mean when ,i say that1 combining due preparation for prompt action with security to him who may be skirmishing near1 your gun can be conveniently borne across the open at the ,slope arms of the sergeant's fusil4 ,when you are in cover 7or your dog draws upon game71 it might be carried much in the position of ,port arms4 ,at the moment you level1 following the example of the best pigeon shots1 place your left hand well in advance of the poise4 ,if you have any fears of the barrels bursting1 leave them at home4 ,your steadiest position is with the elbow held nearly perpendicularly under the gun3 whereas your right elbow ought to be almost in a horizontal line with your shoulder1 thus furnishing a convenient hollow for the reception of the butt4 ,the firmer you grasp the stock the less is the recoil4 ,that amusing fellow ,wanostrocht1 in his work on cricketing 7,felix on the ,bat71 writes1 ,the attitude of en garde of the left-handed swordsman is the attitude of play for the right-handed batsman1--and you1 my supposed ,griffin1 may rest assured that it is the best position your feet and legs can take on a bird's rising1 but the right foot might be with advantage a little more to the right4 ,wanostrocht continues1 ,the knees are bent2 and the body1 well balanced1 is prepared1 you may add1 to turn steadily to the right or left according to the flight of the bird4 ,in nine cases out of ten the common advice to keep both eyes open when firing is extremely judicious4 ,but some men are left-eyed2 a matter you have probably little thought about2 and yet it is of consequence1 for if you are left-eyed1 your aim from the right shoulder 7both eyes being open7 cannot be correct4 ,to determine whether or not you are right-eyed1 look steadily1 with both eyes open1 at any small object near you1--rapidly raise a finger 7of either hand7 perpendicularly1 endeavouring to cover the object4 ,instantly close the left eye4 ,if you find that your finger lies in the direct line between the object and your right eye1 you will have the satisfaction of knowing that you are right-eyed2 but if your finger1 instead of intercepting the object1 is wide of the mark1 at once close the right eye and open the left1 when you will1 in all probability1 perceive that your finger lies directly between your left eye and the object1 thereby showing that you are left-eyed4 ,i hope it may not be so1 as1 unless you can shoot from the left shoulder1 you ought to close the left eye when bringing your gun to the poise1 until from practice you become right-eyed4 ,the odds are in favour of your being right-legged as well as right-eyed1 which important point will be settled1 ,i hope to your satisfaction1 should you ever be under the disagreeable necessity of having to kick an impertinent fellow downstairs4 ,never shoot in a hurry4 ,strive to acquire coolness--in other words1 strive to acquire such a command over your trigger-finger that it shall never bend until so ordered by your judgment4 ,your eye will inform your reason of the exact moment when you ought to pull1 and your finger1 submissive to reason1 ought to wait for that precise moment1 and not yield to any nervousness4 ,look with the greatest intensity at the bird as it rises1 and coolly observe its line of flight while deliberately bringing the barrels to your shoulder4 ,steadiness will be increased by your not removing the gun from your shoulder the instant you have fired4 ,never fire when your shot can be of no more advantage than a single bullet4 ,if you have a bet about killing a jack snipe1 seize the favourable moment for pulling the trigger when the pellets will be spread over a disk of more than a yard in diameter4 ,he will then be zigzagging some thirty-five or forty yards from you2 and if your aim is taken at this moment a full foot in advance of his general line of flight1 there is little chance of his escaping unpeppered 7and one grain will suffice71 however adroitly he may turn and twist4 ,for any kind of bird flying at that distance rapidly down wind and crossing you1 your gun ought to be pitched much further forward4 ,a still greater allowance should be made if the distance be considerable3 and greater elevation should be then given to the barrels1 as the grains of shot will become deflected4 ,the same rule holds with birds rising4 ,aim must be taken above them4 ,there is always more fear of your firing too much to the rear and too low1 than too much to the front and too high4 ,fancy that hares and rabbits have only heads--and get into the habit of looking at no other part1--nay1 of looking yet further ahead4 ,the best cover-shot ,i know says1 that he aims at a rabbit rushing through gorse or underwood a yard in front of the spot where he last caught a glimpse of it4 ,rabbits halt for a moment the instant they get hidden by cover--not so hares4 ,that their hands and eyes may work in unison1 novices have been recommended to hang on the flight of swallows with an unloaded gun4 ,it would be better practice to hang on a full foot or more in front of the birds4 ,to save your locks use snap caps1 and pull the very instant you think your aim is correct4 ,no second aim can be so effective as the first4 ,the more you thus practise 7and at game especially1 in order to overcome any nervous sensation occasioned by birds rising7 before you commence using powder1 the more certain is it that you will eventually become a cool1 steady shot4 ,after having commenced the campaign in right earnest1 should you be shooting unsteadily or nervously1 you would do well to have the philosophy to go up a few times to your dog's point with uncapped nipples1 and by taking 7long after the birds are on the wing1 but yet within shot7 a deliberate aim reassure yourself of the folly of all hurry and precipitancy4 ,lest you should 7as often happens in spite of every previous resolution7 involuntarily pull the trigger sooner than you intend1 keep your finger off it until the very instant you wish to fire4#aaf ,if you shoot with a muzzle loader and carry one of ,sykes's spring-shot pouches--at present in such general use--by having its nozzle lengthened 7some few are made long71--,i mean by having a cylinder of nearly three inches in length welded to its end1--you will be able to load quicker than most of your fellow-sportsmen--particularly if you use a loading-rod3 the best are of cane1 because the material is light and tough4 ,you can make the long nozzle of the shot-pouch 7its end being cut square1 i4e4 at a right angle to its length7 force the wad over the powder so far down the barrel before you press the pouch-spring to pour in the charge of shot1 that you need not draw your ramrod to drive home until after you have inserted the shot-wad4 ,using a long nozzle has also this great advantage1 that the shot is packed more densely than the powder4 ,in the new ,german copper cap musket 7whose long range is now1 #ahed1 much spoken of17 to keep the powder loose when the charge is rammed home1 a thick peg1 nearly one and a half inches long1 is fixed longitudinally in the centre of the chamber1--,i mean1 in the direction of the axis of the bore4 ,this cylindrical peg1 which is much like the tige invented by ,colonel ,touvenin in #ahbh1 arrests the jagged bullet at the precise moment when the powder is sufficiently pressed to remove all chance of the slightly six-grooved barrel's bursting2 and yet not so much pressed as to interfere with the complete ignition of every grain4 ,these lie loose round the peg4 ,the want of this complete ignition 7owing to the rapidity of explosion not giving time for all the particles of closely-wedged powder being fired7 has been the only valid objection yet offered to the detonating system4 ,for strong shooting1 the wad over the powder should be much thicker than the wad placed over the shot4 ,the several waddings now sold greased with some mercurial preparation undeniably retard leading--a great gain4 ,if the long nozzle of the shot-pouch fits close within the barrel1 on unloading your gun you can easily return the shot into the pouch without losing a grain4 ,as a concluding piece of advice let me recommend you1 my young friend1 to make but a light breakfast whenever you expect a heavy day's work1--take out1 however1 a few sandwiches for luncheon4 ,,note ,,to #bhc4--,trapping4--,owl as decoy4--,hen ,harrier4--,keeper's ,vermin dogs4--,stoats4 ,a good book for gamekeepers on trapping is still a great desideratum4 ,it should be written by a practical man who is a bit of a naturalist2 for no trapper can be very successful unless he is well acquainted with the haunts and habits of the many kinds of vermin it is his business to destroy4 ,mr4 ,c----e's gamekeeper1 at ,r----n1 ,perthshire1 who was well aware of the great importance of diligently searching for their nests in the breeding season1 was at length amply repaid for often watching the proceedings of a hen-harrier frequently seen hovering over a small wood not far from his cottage4 ,he could never perceive that she alighted on any of the trees2 but from the time of year1 and her so perseveringly returning to the spot1 he felt convinced that her nest was not far off4 ,ineffectual1 however1 was every search4 ,at length1 one morning he was lucky enough to remark that something fell from her4 ,he hunted close in that direction1--found the nest1 and the young ones regaling on a snipe whose remains were still warm2 evidently the identical bird she had most adroitly dropped from a considerable height into the middle of her hungry brood4 ,it would have been very interesting to have observed how she managed on a windy day4 ,probably she would have taken an easy shot by sweeping close to the trees4 ,in ,germany much winged vermin is destroyed with the aid of a decoy horned owl4 ,the keeper having selected a favourable spot on a low hillock where the bird is likely to be observed1 drives an upright post into the ground1 the upper part of which is hollowed4 ,the bird is placed on a perch much shaped like the letter ,t4 ,a string is attached to the bottom of the perpendicular part1 which is then dropped into the hollow or socket4 ,the armed keeper conceals himself in a loopholed sentry-box1 prepared of green boughs1 at a suitable distance1 amidst sheltering foliage4 ,his pulling the string raises the perch4 ,the owl1 to preserve its balance1 flutters its wings4 ,this is sure to attract the notice of the neighbouring magpies1 hawks1 crows1 c4 ,some from curiosity hover about1 or1 still chattering and peering1 alight on the neighbouring trees 7of course1 standing invitingly within gun-shot72 others1 having no longer any reverence for the bird of ,wisdom in his present helpless condition1 wheel round and round1 every moment taking a sly peck at their fancied enemy1 while their real foe sends their death-warrant from his impervious ambuscade4 ,talking of vermin1 ,i am reminded that ,j----s ,h----d1 an old gamekeeper with whom ,i am acquainted1 avers that one of his craft can hardly be worth his salt unless he possesses a regular good varmint of a dog4 ,it should be of a dark colour1 not to betray so readily the movements of his master to interested parties4 ,he says he once owned one1 a bull-terrier1 that was1 to again quote the old man's words1 worth his weight in gold to a gamekeeper2 that it was incredible the quantity of ground-vermin1 of every kind1 the dog killed1 which included snakes and adders--destroyers of young birds of every sort1 and it is said of eggs 7but this it is difficult to conceive1 unless we imagine them to be crushed in the same manner as the boa-constrictor murders his victims1 a supposition without a shadow of proof--small eggs1 however1 might be swallowed whole71--that he was perpetually hunting1 but never noticed game--had an excellent nose1 and1 on occasions when he could not run into the vermin1 would unerringly lead his master to the hole in the old bank1 tree1 or pile of fagots where it had taken refuge2 when1 if it was a stoat or weasel1 and in a place where the report of a gun was not likely to disturb game1 the keeper would bring him into heel1 wait patiently awhile1 and then1 by imitating the cry of a distressed rabbit1 endeavour to entice the delinquent to come forth and be shot4 ,if this ruse failed1 ,h----d quickly prepared a trap that generally sealed the fate of the destructive little creature4 ,as the dog retrieved all he caught1 the old barn-door was always well covered with recent trophies4 ,old trophies afford no evidence of a keeper's diligence4 ,the dog invariably accompanied his master during his rounds at night1 and had great talents for discovering any two-legged intruder4 ,on finding one he would quietly creep up1 and then1 by running round and round him as if prepared every moment to make a spring1 detain him until joined by the keeper2 all the while barking furiously and adroitly avoiding every blow aimed at his sconce4#aag ,he was moreover 7but this has little to do with his sporting habits71 a most formidable enemy to dogs of twice his power2 for he would cunningly throw himself upon his back if overmatched1 and take the same unfair advantage of his unfortunate opponent which ,polygars are trained to do when they are attacking the wild hog 7#dde74 ,i relate this story about ,h----d and his bull-terrier because few men ever were so successful in getting up a good show of game on a property4 ,it was a favourite observation of his that it was not game1--it was vermin1 that required looking after2 that these did more injury than the largest gang of poachers1 as the depredations of the latter could be stopped1 but not those of the former4 ,there are few who1 on reflection1 will not agree with the old keeper4 ,stoats are so bloodthirsty1 that if one of them come across a brood of young pheasants he will give each in succession a deadly gripe on the back of the neck close to the skull1 not to make any use of the carcasses1 but in the epicurean desire to suck their delicate brains4 ,all who are accustomed to rabbiting know that even tame ferrets evince the same murderous propensities1 and commit indiscriminate slaughter1 apparently in the spirit of wanton destructiveness4 ,from all1 however1 that ,i have seen and heard1 ,i fancy no animal so much prevents the increase of partridges and pheasants1 as the hooded crow4 ,an intelligent man1 ,c----s ,m----n 7an admirable dresser of salmon-flies71 whose veracity ,i have no reason to distrust1 assured me that he had seen about the nest of a hoodie 7as he called the bird71 the shells of not less than two hundred eggs1 all nearly of the partridge and pheasant4 ,he told me that he once had an opportunity of observing the clever proceedings of a pair of these marauders1 bent on robbing the nest on which a hen-pheasant was actually sitting4 ,one of the depredators by fluttering round her1 and slily pecking at her unprotected stern1 at length so succeeded in irritating her1 that she got up to punish him4 ,by a slow scientific retreat1 he induced her to pursue him for a few steps1 thus affording his confederate1 who had concealed himself1 the opportunity of removing certainly one egg1 perhaps two4 ,by repetitions of this sham attack and retreat1 the adroit pilferers eventually managed to empty the nest4 ,the above mentioned man had been brought up as a gamekeeper in ,cumberland4 ,he became an excellent trapper2 and was afterwards employed on an estate near the ,cheviot ,hills1 where1 in a short time1 he got up a decent stock of game by destroying the vermin4 ,he found the grounds swarming with hoodies2 but it was not until their breeding season the following spring1 when he was favoured in his operations by a frost1 that he succeeded in capturing them in considerable numbers4 ,on the ground becoming hard1 he1 for nearly a fortnight1 fed certain spots on the banks of the ,teviot with wood pigeons and rabbits1 besides any vermin that he contrived to shoot4 ,by that time the hoodies habitually resorted1 without distrust1 to those places for food4 ,he then set his traps baited with all such delicacies1--but he considered a small rabbit1 or a pigeon lying on its back with outstretched wings1 as the most tempting of his invitations2 and it often happened that he had scarcely disappeared before the click of the closing spring apprised him of a capture4 ,when his frequent success had rendered the birds shy1 he set his traps in the adjacent stream1 covering their sides with grass or rushes1--the attractive bait alone appearing above the surface4 ,for three reasons he regarded the banks of the river as the best situation for his traps--he could1 as just mentioned1 conceal them in the water on the birds becoming too suspicious--secondly1 streams are much resorted to by the hoodie1 who searches diligently for any chance food floating on the water1--and lastly1 the rooks1 of which there were many in that part of the country1 from naturally hunting inland1 the reverse of the hoodie1 were the less likely to spring his traps4 ,from the short1 fuller neck1--the head bent peeringly downwards1--but1 above all1 from the hawk-like movements of the wing1 the sportsman will be able to distinguish the hooded-crow from the rook at a moment when he may be too distant to observe the black and more hooked bill1--and never let him spare4 ,he should be suspicious of every bird he sees crossing and re-crossing a field1--in reality hunting it with as regular a beat as a pointer's4 ,m----n killed a great many stoats and weasels with unbaited traps4 ,as it is the habit of these little animals1 when hunting a hedge-row1 to prefer running through a covered passage to turning aside1 he used1 where the ground favoured him by slightly rising1 to cut a short drain1 about a foot in breadth1 and rather less in depth1 parallel and close to the hedge1 covering it with the sods he had removed4 ,at the bottom of these drains he fixed his traps1 as soon as the animals became accustomed to the run1 and rarely failed in securing every member of the weasel family which had taken up its abode in the vicinity4 ,the best description of hutch-trap 7which many prefer to the gin-trap7 is made entirely of wire1 excepting the bottoms4 ,all appears so light and airy that little suspicion is awakened4 ,the doors fall on anything running over the floor4 ,of course1 this trap is baited unless set in a run4 ,an enticing bait is drawn towards it from several distant points4 ,to many keepers it ought to be of much advantage to read ,colquhoun's advice on trapping1 appended to ,the ,moor and the ,loch4 ,,note ,,to #djg4--,rearing ,pheasants4--,cantelo4--,pheasantries4-- ,mr4 ,knox4 ,with respect to rearing pheasants under a barn-door hen1 he observed that they required meat daily4 ,he said that he had been in the habit of shooting rabbits for those he had brought up1 and of giving them the boiled flesh when cut up into the smallest pieces1 mixed with their other food4 ,he remarked1 farther1 that the chicks ought to be allowed to run upon the grass at dawn of day--which was seldom regularly done1 such early rising being at times not equally congenial to the taste of all the parties concerned4 ,the treatment he recommended seems reasonable1 for those who have watched the habits of pheasants must have remarked that1 immediately upon quitting their roosts1 they commence searching in the moist grass for food 7greatly to the benefit of the farmer71 and do not resort to the corn-fields until after the dew is off the ground1 and the rising sun has warned the grubs1 slugs1 worms1 and caterpillars to seek concealment4 ,ornithologists1 and men who have studied the subject1 are agreed that partridges in a yet larger degree benefit the agriculturalist by picking up1 during the greater part of the year1 myriads of worms and insects2 besides consuming immense quantities of weeds and their seeds4 ,they rival the ill-used mole in the number of wire-worm they destroy4 ,these facts have been incontrovertibly proved by an examination of the crops of the birds at all seasons4 ,i am not wishing to fight any battles for hares and rabbits4 ,they do great mischief1--but in fairness it must be said for the hare1 that he commits far less waste and havoc than the other4 ,a rabbit will wander from turnip to turnip1 nibbling a bit from each1 whereby the air is admitted#aah and the whole root destroyed2 whereas a hare1 if undisturbed1 will sit down before one head1 and not move until she has devoured the whole of its contents1 merely leaving a rind not much thicker than an egg-shell4 ,it is1 however1 undeniable that both of them do much mischief to young plantations at all seasons of the year1 and they will even eat the bark off1 and so kill some kinds of full-grown trees1 when snow is on the ground and food scarce4 ,to the health of many1 usually considered only grain-feeding birds1 a certain portion of animal food appears essential4 ,it is not solely for grain that the common fowl scrapes the dung-hill4 ,throw a bone of a cooked brother or sister to a brood of chickens confined in a poultry-yard1 and see with what avidity they will demolish the remains of their defunct relative4 ,fowls never fatten on board ship2 occasionally owing to want of gravel1--constantly to want of animal food4 ,in a long voyage a bird that dies in a coop is often found by ,billyducks#aai half eaten up2 and it is questionable whether a sickly companion be not occasionally sacrificed by his stronger associates to appease their natural craving for flesh4 ,in the ,west ,indies the accidental upsetting of an old sugar-cask in a farm-yard1 and its scattering forth a swarm of cock-roaches1 sets all the feathered tribe in a ferment4 ,the birds that had been listlessly sauntering about1 or standing half-asleep in the friendly shade1 suddenly seem animated with the fury of little imps1--and1 influenced by a taste in every way repugnant to our feelings1 with outstretched necks and fluttering wings race against each other for possession of the offensive1 destructive insects1 evincing in the pursuit an agility and a rapidity of movement of which few would imagine them to be capable4 ,illustration3 ',,foul' ,,feeding4 ,the keeper just spoken of used to rear his pheasants within doors1 or rather in an outhouse1 the floor of which was in part covered with sods of turf1--but ,i think ,j----s ,t----n1 another of the craft whom ,i know well1 pursues a better and far less troublesome plan4 ,he selects a piece of clover#abj facing the south1 and sheltered from the north and east winds by a contiguous small copse which he feels assured can harbour no destructive vermin4 ,on this grass-plat1 if the weather is fine1 he places the common barn-door hens1--each with her brood the moment they are hatched1--under separate small coops4 ,two or three boards run from each coop1 forming a temporary enclosure1 which is removed in about a week on the little inmates gaining strength4 ,if he has any fear of their being carried off by hawks1 c41 he fixes a net overhead4 ,the hens had sat on the eggs in an outhouse4 ,the first food given to the chicks is soaked bread1--and white of eggs cut up fine4 ,the colour 7is not that a bull87 catches their eye1 which is the alleged reason for all their food being given to them white4 ,ants' nests are procured for them1--of the red ant first1--of the larger kind1 when the chicks become so strong that the insects cannot injure them--later in the season1 wasps' nests4 ,when there is a difficulty in procuring any of these nests1 curd is often given2 but should it become sour1 as frequently happens in hot weather1 it is likely to occasion dysentery1#aba therefore oatmeal porridge made with milk is considered a safer diet4 ,this is eagerly picked up when scattered about1 sprinkled as it were1--and the weaker chicks are thus enabled to secure a fair share4 ,t----n breeds a quantity of maggots for them1--and at no expense1--in the adjacent copse4 ,whatever vermin he kills 7whether winged or four-footed7 he hangs up under a slight awning as a protection from the rain4 ,on the flesh decaying the maggots drop into the box placed underneath to receive them4 ,the insects soon become clean1 if sand and bran is laid at the bottom of the box1 and it is an interesting sight to see the excited little birds eagerly hurrying from all quarters to the grass-plat on the keeper striking the tray with his knuckles to invite them to partake of some choice maggots1 spread out on sanded boards4 ,if a piece of carrion is placed under a wire netting near the coops1 the chicks will feed with avidity on the flies it attracts4 ,change of food is beneficial3--therefore1 boiled barley or rice1 is often substituted1 or oatmeal1 or ,indian-corn meal1--mixed with the flesh of boiled rabbits4 ,saucers of clean water are placed about4 ,water in a dirty state is very injurious4 ,it is not of any depth1 lest the chicks should wet their feathers when standing in it4 ,occasionally iron saucers are used1 ingeniously designed on the ridge and furrow plan4 ,the ridges are so little apart1 that the chicks can insert no more than their heads into the furrows4 ,as cleanliness must in all things be preserved1 the coops are shifted a few feet aside twice a day4 ,the chicks soon quit the hens to roost in the shrubs1 which afford welcome shade during the mid-day heat2 but the imprisoned matrons are still useful1 as their plaintive call prevents the chicks from becoming irreclaimable truants4 ,as they have always the opportunity of running in the grass and copse1 where they find seeds and insects1 they quickly become independent1 and learn to forage for themselves1--yet when fully grown up they are not so likely to stray away as birds who have been more naturally reared1 and who have been made wanderers even in their infancy4 ,this is a great advantage4 ,that the chicks may come upon fresh ground for seeds and insects1 the situation of the coops may be occasionally changed4 ,if liable to be attacked by vermin at night1 a board can be fixed in front of each coop4 ,partridges may be reared by the same means4 ,but instances are rare of their laying while in a state of captivity4 ,that the young birds may be able to rid their bodies of vermin1 they should be provided with small heaps of sand protected from rain1 and dry earth1 in which they will gladly rub themselves4 ,if you design rearing pheasants annually1 always keep a few of the tame hens and a cock at home4 ,by judicious management these will supply a large quantity of eggs for hatching1--eggs that you can ensure1 when in their freshest state1 being placed under barn-door hens4 ,keep the eggs in a cool place4 ,i cannot believe that you will ever be guilty--for it is guilt1 great guilt--of the sin of purchasing eggs4 ,buyers make thieves1--and one sneaking1 watching1 unwinged pilferer on two legs would do more mischief in the month of ,may than dozens of magpies or hooded crows4 ,pheasants so soon hunt for their own subsistence1 that they are brought to maturity at less expense than common fowls4 ,since the publication of the second edition1 ,i have had an opportunity of talking to ,mr4 ,cantelo1 the clever inventor of the novel hatching machine1 whereby 7following nature's principle7 heat is imparted only to the upper surface of eggs4 ,he annually rears a large quantity of all kinds of poultry1 besides partridges and pheasants1 and ,i believe no one in ,england is so experienced in these matters4 ,he found it best not to give food to any kind of chicks for the two first days after they were hatched4 ,as they would not all break the shell together1 it is probable that in a state of nature many of them would be for1 at least1 this period under the hen before she led them forth to feed4 ,to young turkeys and pheasants he gave no food for three days4 ,they would then eat almost anything voraciously1 whereas1 when fed sooner1 they become dainty and fastidious4 ,he recommends that the lean of raw beef1 or any meat 7minced fine1 as if for sausages7 be given to partridge or pheasant chicks1 along with their other food1#abb or rather before their other food1 and only in certain quantities2 for if they are fed too abundantly on what they most relish1 they are apt to gorge themselves1 and they will seldom refuse meat1 however much grain they may have previously eaten4 ,he said that they should be liberally dieted1 but not to repletion1--that once a day they should be sensible of the feeling of hunger4 ,it certainly is most consonant to nature1 that the flesh given to the chicks should not be cooked2 and ,mr4 ,cantelo observed that it would be immediately found on trial1 that young birds prefer that which is undressed1--nay1 that which has a bloody appearance4 ,he considers maggots 7gentles7 an admirable diet1 and he gave me a valuable hint about them4 ,this is1 that they be fattened on untainted meat1 placed in the sand-box into which they fall4 ,the pieces of meat will soon be drilled like a honey-comb1 and the little crawlers1 by becoming in a day or two large and fat1 will prove a far more nourishing diet than when given in the attenuated state to which they are commonly reduced1 by the present starving process of cleansing4 ,mr4 ,cantelo has remarked that guinea-birds require food at an earlier period after they are hatched than any other sort of chick1--and that they and ducklings eat most meat1--turkey-poultry least4 ,wet is injurious to all chickens 7the duck-tribe excepted72 and when the hen1 from being confined1 cannot lead her brood astray1 they will1 of themselves1 return to her coop on finding the grass too damp4 ,mr4 ,cantelo is strongly of opinion1 that all diseases to which infant birds are liable are contagious4 ,he advises1 in consequence1 that the moment any one of the brood is attacked with diarrhoea1 sore eyes1 or sneezing1 it be instantly separated from the others4 ,he considers all chickens safe from ordinary diseases on their gaining their pen-feathers4 ,he has found that nest eggs1 not sat on for twelve hours1 do not lose their vitality4 ,this shows that eggs taken by mowers should not be hastily thrown away1 in consequence of a considerable delay unavoidably occurring before they can be placed under a hen to complete their hatching4 ,pheasants sit about five days longer than common fowls4 ,mr4 ,cantelo recommends that eggs sent from a distance be packed in oats4 ,he had succeeded in hatching some he had kept1 as an experiment1 upwards of two months in a temperate atmosphere1 turning them daily4 ,this continued vitality is1 however1 seldom a consideration as regards pheasants2 for the earlier in the season the birds can be produced the better4 ,it is a great advantage to have five months' growth and feed in them by the first of ,october4 ,mr4 ,knox1 in his interesting work on ,game-birds and ,wildfowl1 has given some good advice about the rearing and preservation of pheasants4 ,i will make some extracts from it1 and1 ,i think1 many would do well to read the whole book4 ,with respect to a pheasantry for procuring eggs1 he is of opinion that in ,march1--the time when the cocks begin to fight1--the enclosure containing the stock of birds should be divided1 by high hurdles1 or wattles1 into partitions1 so that each cock may be told off with three hens into a distinct compartment4 ,he advises that no harem should be greater in a state of confinement4 ,his opportunities for forming a correct judgment have probably been greater than mine2 but ,i must observe that ,i have known of ladies1 kept in such small seraglios1 being worried to death4 ,the larger the compartments1 he says1 the better2 a heap of bushes and a mound of dry sand in each2 an attendant to visit them once 7and but once7 a day1 to take in the food of barley1 beans1 peas1 rice1 or oats2 boiled potatoes1 ,jerusalem artichokes1 and ,swedish turnips2#abc and to remove whatever eggs may have been laid during the preceding twenty-four hours4 ,the accidental destruction of the net overhanging ,mr4 ,knox's pheasantry1 and the escape of the cocks1 led to his ascertaining a fact of much importance2 viz4 that pinioned hens 7one wing amputated at the carpal joint--the wounds soon healed7 kept in an unroofed enclosure1 near a cover1 into which 7what are called7 tame-bred pheasants have been turned1 will always attract sufficient mates--mates in a more healthy state than confined birds1--and that the eggs will be more numerous1 and unusually productive4 ,i can easily imagine that such matrimonial alliances are sure to be formed wherever the opportunity offers2 and if ,i were establishing a pheasantry1 ,i would adopt the plan ,mr4 ,knox recommends1 unless withheld by the fear that more than one cock might gain admittance to the hens2 for ,i am aware of facts which incline me to think1 that1 in such instances1 the eggs may be unserviceable4 ,at a connexion's of mine1 where the poultry-yard lies close to a copse1 hybrid chickens have often been reared--the offspring of barn-door hens and cock-pheasants not tame-bred4 ,mr4 ,knox elsewhere observes1 that the hen-pheasants kept in confinement should be tame-bred2 that is1 be birds which have been hatched and reared under domestic hens1 as those which are netted1 or caught1 in a wild state1 will always prove inefficient layers4 ,about the fourth season a hen's oviparous powers begin to decline1 although her maternal qualifications1 in other respects1 do not deteriorate until a much later period4 ,it is1 therefore1 of consequence to enlist1 occasionally1 a few recruits1 to supply the place of those females who have completed their third year1 and who then may be set at large in the preserves4 ,of course1 not those birds who have had the forehand of a wing amputated4 ,talking of ants' eggs1 which ,mr4 ,knox terms the right hand of the keeper in rearing pheasant chicks--it is the first food to be given to them--,mr4 ,knox says1 ,some persons find it difficult to separate the eggs from the materials of the nest4 ,the simplest mode is1 to place as much as may be required--ants1 eggs1 and all--in a bag or light sack1 the mouth of which should be tied up4 ,on reaching home1 a large white sheet should be spread on the grass1 and a few green boughs placed round it on the inside1 over which the outer edge of the sheet should be lightly turned2 this should be done during sunshine4 ,the contents of the bag should then be emptied into the middle1 and shaken out so as to expose the eggs to the light4 ,in a moment1 forgetting all considerations of personal safety1 these interesting little insects set about removing their precious charge--the cocoons--from the injurious rays of the sun1 and rapidly convey them under the shady cover afforded by the foliage of the boughs near the margin of the sheet4 ,in less than ten minutes the work will be completed4 ,it is only necessary then to remove the branches2 and the eggs1 or cocoons1 may be collected by handfuls1 unencumbered with sticks1 leaves1 or any sort of rubbish4 ,mr4 ,knox goes on to say1 that green tops of barley1 leeks1 boiled rice1 ,emden groats1 oatmeal1 c41 are excellent diet for the chicks1 but that this kind of food is almost always given at too early a period4 ,in a state of nature1 their food1 for a long time1 would be wholly insectile4 ,now1 as it is not in our power to procure the quantity and variety of small insects and larv which the mother-bird so perseveringly and patiently finds for them1 we are obliged to have recourse to ants' eggs1 as easily accessible1 and furnishing a considerable supply of the necessary sort of aliment in a small compass4 ,when the chicks are about a week or ten days old1 ,emden groats and coarse ,scotch oatmeal may be mixed with the ants' eggs2 and curds1 made from fresh milk1 with alum1 are an excellent addition4 ,if ants' nests cannot be procured in sufficient quantities1 gentles should occasionally be given4 ,when more wasps' nests are obtained than are required for immediate use1 it will be necessary to bake them for a short time in an oven4 ,this will prevent the larv and nymphs from coming to maturity1--in fact1 kill them--and the contents of the combs will keep for some weeks afterwards4 ,hempseed1 crushed and mingled with oatmeal1 should be given them when about to wean them from an insect diet4 ,hard boiled eggs1 also1 form a useful addition1 and may be mixed1 for a long time1 with their ordinary farinaceous food4 ,young pheasants are subject to a kind of diarrhoea1 which often proves fatal4 ,if the disease be taken in time1 boiled milk and rice1 in lieu of any other diet1 will generally effect a cure4 ,to these chalk may be added1 to counteract the acidity which attends this complaint2 and should the symptoms be very violent1 a small quantity of alum1 as an astringent4 ,this treatment appears reasonable4 ,many consider rice a judicious diet in such cases2 and ,i know of a surgeon's giving boiled milk with great success1 in the ,west ,indies1 to patients suffering from diarrhoea4 ,but the most formidable disease from which the young pheasant suffers is that known by the name of 'the gapes3'--so termed from the frequent gaping efforts of the bird to inhale a mouthful of air4 ,chickens and turkeys are equally liable to be affected by it2 and it may be remarked1 that a situation which has been used1 for many successive seasons1 as a nursery ground1 is more apt to be visited with this plague1 than one which has only recently been so employed4 ,indeed1 ,i have observed that it seldom makes its appearance on a lawn or meadow during the first season of its occupation2 and1 therefore1 when practicable1 it is strongly to be recommended1 that fresh ground should be applied to the purpose every year3 and when this cannot be done1 that a quantity of common salt should be sown broadcast over the surface of the earth1 after the birds have left it in the autumn4 ,he elsewhere describes the gapes as that dreadful scourge1 which1 like certain diseases that affect the human subject1 seems to have been engendered and fostered by excessive population within a limited district4 ,dissection has proved that the latent cause of this malady is a minute worm of the genius fasciola1 which is found adhering to the internal part of the windpipe1 or trachea4 ,then ,mr4 ,knox explains how this worm may be destroyed2 7and only by such means1--the most delicate operator being unable to extract it without materially injuring the young bird7--viz4 by fumigating with tobacco-smoke1 according to the method 7which he fully describes7 recommended by ,colonel ,montagu4 ,if the worm is not destroyed1 the death of the bird ensues by suffocation from the highly inflamed state of the respiratory apparatus4 ,i once kept many guinea-birds when abroad2 and ,i am now convinced that ,i should have succeeded in rearing a far greater number1 had ,i adopted more closely the mode of feeding1 c41 here recommended for young pheasants4 ,in ,july1 '#eg1 ,i saw in a large clover field at ,sandling1 ,east ,kent1 #hbj pheasant chicks which had been reared by ,m----n under sixty-six common hens4 ,it was a very interesting sight4 ,i accompanied him round all the coops4 ,they stood about twenty paces apart1 and ,i could not detect a single bird with a drooping wing or of sickly appearance4 ,he told me most positively that he had not lost one by disease1 but a few had been trodden under foot by careless1 awkward hens1 and1 what seems curious1 some few chicks on quitting the shell had been intentionally killed by the very hens which had hatched them4 ,a hatching hen will sometimes thus destroy ducklings1--but these are far more unlike her natural progeny than are pheasant chicks4 ,m----n found that game-fowls make the best mothers--,cochin-china the worst4 ,he has a prejudice1--how doctors differ6 against maggots and ants' nests4 ,however1 he has a right to his notions1 for he lost hardly any birds in the year '#ef1 out of the #djj and upwards that broke the shell4 ,he devotes himself to what1 with him1 is a labour of love4 ,he has great1 and just pride in his success4 ,he maintains that pheasants can be reared cheaper than barn-door fowls1 wherever there are woods1 as the chicks find their own food at such an early age4 ,the rearing of the birds that ,i saw and about fifty partridge-chicks1 occupied the whole of his time and that of an assistant4 ,there was also a boy to cook1 c4 ,the chicks were fed every two hours throughout the day with a mixture of hard boiled eggs1#abd curds1 bread-crumbs1 rape and canary seed4 ,the shutter of each hutch doing duty as a tray for the food4 ,after the chicks had fed ,m----n made his rounds1 and scraped into a pot all that was not consumed1 being careful that nothing was left to get sour4 ,he gave a small portion of these remains to the imprisoned matrons4 ,he feeds the chicks liberally1 yet calculates to a great nicety what will be eaten1 for on every shutter a portion1 but a very small portion of food was left4 ,water1 kept in earthenware pans made with concentric circles on the ridge and furrow system1 was placed at intervals between the hutches4 ,many times a day he moved the several coops a few feet to fresh ground4 ,at night when all the chicks have joined the hens he fastens the shutters1 and does not remove them in the morning until the dew is off the grass4 ,how entirely is this practice opposed to the advice of the ,yorkshireman given at the commencement of this note6 and yet it might be possible to reconcile the contradictory recommendations by supposing that as soon as the young birds have nearly reached maturity they are allowed to search for insects at the earliest dawn4 ,m----n's last location for the hutches would be in the centre of the landlord's property1 and they would not be taken away until the hens were quite abandoned by the young pheasants--which in general would be at the end of ,august4 ,differing much from ,mr4 ,knox1 it was ,m----n's practice to keep as many as five hens with one cock for the purpose of obtaining eggs4 ,i observed that some hutches possessed a disproportionate number of inmates4 ,this had arisen from the hutches having been placed in too close proximity before the chicks had the sense to know their respective foster-mothers4 ,remarking once after a good battue in cover upon the fine condition of the birds spread in a long array on the lawn for the inspection of the ladies1 ,i was told that the keeper greatly attributed their size and weight to keeping ridge and furrow pans near their feeding places constantly filled with bark-water4 ,he used to boil from a quarter to half a pound of oak-bark in two gallons of water until it was reduced to half the quantity4 ,after once tasting it the pheasants become fond of it1 their natural instinct telling them the advantages of the tonic4 ,a cross with the true ,china makes the young birds hardy and wild4 ,the brilliancy of the plumage is much increased but not the size of the birds4 ,however long ,chinese pheasants may be kept in confinement they will be alarmed at the sight of strangers4 ,,note ,,to #ecg4--,setters4--,poachers4--,keepers4- -,netting ,partridges4--,bloodhounds4--,night-dogs 4 ,it is far more easy to get a well broken pointer than a well broken setter2 but times may change1 for clean farming1 the sale of game1 poaching1 and poisoning of seed-grain1 are now carried on to such an extent1 and the present game-laws are so inefficacious1 that1 probably1 our children will much prefer the hard-working setter to the pointer4 ,what an encouragement to villany is it that poulterers will give a higher price for game that appears perfectly uninjured1 than for what has been shot2 and seldom ask questions6 ,it is a pity that the sale of such game cannot be rendered illegal4 ,the destructive net sweeps off whole coveys at a time4 ,the darkest night affords no protection1 for the lantern attached to the dog's neck sufficiently shows when he is pointing at birds4 ,a friend of mine in ,kent1 some years ago1 wanted a partridge in order to break in a young bitch4 ,under a solemn promise of secrecy he was taken to an attic in an old house1 not far from ,london1 where he saw more than a hundred birds1 ready for the market against the approaching first of ,september1 running among the sheaves of corn standing in the corners of the room4 ,to prevent the employment of the net1 it has been recommended that the fields frequented by partridges should be staked1 according to the method successfully followed in some preserved streams3 but there are ,french gamekeepers who adopt a far less troublesome1 and more effective plan4 ,they themselves net the coveys at night1 as soon as the harvest is collected1 and turn them out again on the same ground the next evening1 in the fullest confidence that the birds are henceforth safe from the poacher's net3 for1 however carefully they may have been handled1 they will have been so alarmed1 that their distrust and wariness will effectually prevent their being again caught napping4 ,talking of poaching1 ,i am led to observe that one well-trained bloodhound would be more useful in suppressing poaching than half-a-dozen under-keepers2 for the fear poachers naturally entertain of being tracked to their homes at dawn of day1 would more deter them from entering a cover1 than any dread of being assailed at night by the boldest armed party4 ,even as compared with other dogs1 the sensitiveness of the olfactory nerves of the bloodhound appears marvellous4 ,let one of pure breed but once take up the scent of a man1 and he will hold it under the most adverse circumstances4 ,no cross scents will perplex him4 ,at two o'clock on a frosty ,december morning in '#dd1 when the wind blew bitterly cold from the east1 ,mr4 ,b----e1 of ,s----d1 ,warwickshire1 was called up by the keepers of a neighbour1 ,mr4 ,w----n1 and informed that some poachers were shooting pheasants in a plantation belonging to ,mr4 ,b----e1 whose keepers were on the look-out in a different direction4 ,they and ,mr4 ,w----n's had agreed to work in concert1 and mutually assist each other4 ,mr4 ,b----e instantly dressed1 and went out with his brother 7,captain ,b----71 and the butler1 making a party of eight1 including ,mr4 ,w----n's keepers4 ,they took with them a couple of trained bloodhounds in long cords1 a regular night-dog1 and a young bloodhound which had broken loose1 and1 unsolicited1 had volunteered his services4 ,illustration3 ,one well-trained bloodhound will be more useful4--,page #cdd4 ,on entering the plantation1 it was found that the poachers1 having become alarmed1 had made off4 ,two of the keepers remained to watch4 ,the bloodhounds were laid on the scent4 ,they took it up steadily1 and the rest of the party followed in keen pursuit4 ,as the poachers had not been seen1 their number was unknown1 but it was supposed to be about six from the report of the guns4 ,notwithstanding the cold east wind and sharp frost the hounds hunted correctly1 for about three miles1 across fields1 and along foot-paths and roads1 until they came to a wood of three hundred acres4 ,they took the scent into the heart of it1 evincing great eagerness4 ,here the hunt became most exciting1 for the poachers were heard in the front crashing through the branches4 ,a council of war was held1 which unluckily ended1 as many councils of war do1 in coming to a wrong decision4 ,it was resolved to divide forces1 and endeavour to head the enemy4 ,captain ,b----e1 two men and one of the old hounds1 turned down a ride towards which the poachers seemed to be inclining2 while the others continued the direct chase4 ,the poachers1 however1 soon broke cover1 but had not run across many fields ere they were overtaken4 ,the clear1 bright moon showed eight well-armed men1--rather a disproportionate force for the attacking three4 ,a fight ensued4 ,the young hound and the watch-dog were shot4 ,mr4 ,b----e was lamed1 and his two men being a good deal hurt1 the poachers triumphed and resumed their flight4 ,on ,captain ,b----e rejoining the baffled party the pursuit was renewed for nine miles1--the dogs carrying the scent the whole way into ,coventry1 where they were stopped4 ,it was now half-past seven4 ,many early risers were about the streets2 the police offered to point out the poachers1 provided their identity could be sworn to4 ,the hounds were stopped4 ,two men were apprehended--7a third escaped from the police7--were lodged in jail1 and subsequently convicted and sentenced to eighteen months' hard labour4 ,as they had not been seen until the time of the scuffle1 which took place fully five miles from ,mr4 ,b----e's plantation1 the only evidence to prove they had been poaching there was furnished in the undeviating pursuit of the hounds4 ,the remainder of the gang fled the country4 ,a farmer1 several years ago1 sent to the same ,mr4 ,b----e to say1 that a sheep had been killed and carried off in the night4 ,six hours1 to a certainty1--probably many more1--had elapsed since the animal had been stolen before ,mr4 ,b----e could put the only hound he had with him on the scent4 ,the dog1 which was loose1 hunted very slowly to a barn where the hidden skin was found2 and afterwards1 without any hesitation1 held on the scent from the barn to the residence of a respectable person so wholly beyond all suspicion that the hound was called off4 ,it was so late in the day1 and along paths so much frequented1 that it was thought the dog must have been hunting other footsteps than those of the real culprit4 ,mr4 ,b----e at that moment was not aware that the respectable householder had taken in a lodger4 ,this lodger1 it subsequently appeared1 was the thief1 and in bed at the house at the time4 ,did not the ,squire get well laughed at in all the adjacent beer-shops for his softness6 ,however1 this hunt1 and another not very dissimilar under the head-keeper1 effectually suppressed sheep-stealing in that neighbourhood4 ,the principal initiatory lesson for a bloodhound pup is to teach him to road well1 as described in #dc4 ,he should1 too1 be perfected in following quietly at heel4 ,when commencing to teach him to follow the footsteps of the runner sent on in advance1 it will be your aim to make the dog enjoy the scent and carry it on with eagerness4 ,therefore1 that the man's shoes may prove attractive1 have them lightly rubbed with tainted meat 7or blood74 ,the savoury application may be progressively diminished in intensity1 until at length the pup is guided only by the natural effluvia escaping from the man's pores4 ,whenever the dog gets up to him1 let it be a rule that he instantly reward the animal liberally with some acceptable delicacy4 ,after a time the fleetest and most enduring runner should be selected1 and the interval between the time of his starting1 and the moment when the hound is laid upon the scent1 should be by degrees increased1 until1 at length1 an hour and more will intervene4 ,the first lessons should be given early in the morning1 when the dew is not quite off the grass2 and the runner should be instructed to take a direction not likely to be crossed by others4 ,gradually the hound will be made to follow the scent under less favourable circumstances1 as respects the state of the ground and the chance of the trail being interfered with4 ,it will be obvious that the example of an old well-trained hound would be very beneficial to the pup2 and1 if it can be so managed1 he should not be thrown upon his own unaided resources1 until he has acquired a tolerable notion of his business4 ,a young dog that works too fast must be brought to pursue at a pace regulated by your signals 7end of ,,iv4 of #ada74 ,that completes his education4 ,at night bloodhounds are generally held with a light cord1 which restraint appears to lessen their wish to give tongue4 ,of course1 they are checked if they do1 that the poachers may not be warned of the pursuit4 ,a trained bloodhound will seldom endeavour to carry on the scent he has brought into a road1 until he has tried the adjacent gates1 gaps1 and stiles4 ,bloodhounds not confined are peaceable and1 apparently1 cowardly4 ,they will rarely attack1 unless provoked2 but let them be once roused by a blow1 and they become extremely savage4 ,they also soon become savage if chained up1 when they evince but little affection or obedience4 ,should they1 by accident1 get loose1 they will more willingly allow a woman or a child to re-chain them than a man4 ,bull-dogs have good noses4 ,i have known of the cross between them and the mastiff being taught to follow the scent of a man almost as truly as a bloodhound4 ,the dog ,i now particularly allude to was muzzled during the day when accompanying the keeper2 and the appearance of the formidable-looking animal1 and the knowledge of his powers1 more effectually prevented egg-stealing than would the best exertions of a dozen watchers4 ,he was the terror of all the idle boys in the neighbourhood4 ,every lad felt assured that1 if once ,growler were put upon his footsteps1 to a certainty he would be overtaken1 knocked down1 and detained until the arrival of the keeper4 ,the dog had been taught thus3--,as a puppy he was excited to romp and play with the keeper's children4 ,the father would occasionally make one of them run away1 and then set the pup on him4 ,after a time he would desire the child to hide behind a tree1 which gradually led the pup to seek by nose4 ,an amicable fight always ensued on his finding the boy2 and1 as the pup grew stronger1 and became more riotous than was agreeable1 he was muzzled1 but still encouraged to throw down the child4 ,it is easy to conceive how1 in a dog so bred1 the instincts of nature eventually led to his acting his part in this game more fiercely when put upon the footsteps of a stranger4 ,,index4 ,a4 ,accomplishments or ,refinements3-- ,distinguishing dog-whistle1 #eja4 ,dog to back the gun1 #eji4 -- to head running birds1 #ebe4 -- to hunt without gun1 #ebb4 -- to retreat and resume point1 #eab4 ,regular retrievers to beat1 #eej4 ,setter to retrieve1 #ecf4 ,water-retriever to fetch cripples1 #eec4 ,affection an incentive1 c41 #afg1 #bei1 #dig1 #eei4 -- gained by first attentions1 #afg4 ,age for education1 #ae1 #fb1 #acb4 ,age of game1 #g n4 #bcf n4 #cch n4 ,albania1 cock-shooting in1 #hd4 ,anecdotes4 ,see ,instances4 ,antelope--sagacity of fawn1 #eji n4 ,antelopes and cheeta1 #bhd4 ,ants' nests1 ,guinea-chicks1 #dga n4 ,arnica1 lotion for bruises1 #eff4 ,assistant with wild dog1 #bhb4 ,australia1 kangaroo-hunting1 #dfi4 ,author's writing1 cause of1 #ehi4 ,axioms1 #bgd1 #cei4 ,b4 ,back turned brings dog away1 #bbc4 ,backing how taught1 #cej1 #cec4 -- initiatory lesson in1 #ej4 -- the gun1 #eji4 ,bar1 for wild dog1 #bii4 ,bark of ,oak--tonic for pheasants--end of note to #djg4 ,barbuda--,creole and cur1 #dga4 ,beagles shot over1 #hj4 ,bear at perfumer's1 #dfa4 ,bears killed in ,india1 #ddd4 ,beat1 a1 range taught1 #acb1 #acc1 #aga1 #age-agi4 -- bad1 hard to cure1 #bhc4 -- good1 difficult1 but invaluable1 #ahi4 -- ,herbert's opinion1 #bcb4 -- without gun1 #ebb4 -- of five or six dogs1 #bde-bdh4 -- of four dogs1 #bdd4 -- of three1 #bdb1 #bdc4 -- of two1 #bch-bdj4 -- taught following old dog1 #aia4 ,beaters in ,india1 #ddf4 ,beckford1 ,education of buckhound1 #eeh1 #eei4 -- ,gentlemen hunting hounds1 #dac4 ,beckon1 why useful signal1 #cg4 -- and ,heel1 differ1 #dd4 ,beef1 heating in hot climates1 #efi4 ,begging1 how taught1 #adi4 ,bell rang by dog1 #dag4 ,bells1 to rope of beaters in ,india1 #ddf4 -- put on dogs1 #fc1 #gd1 #dja4 ,beltings of wood1 spaniels1 #fe4 ,ben1 a capital retriever1 #aba4 ,bermuda1 militia1 #bjj n4 ,best dogs err1 concise hints1 #chc4 ,bird dead1 loss of discourages dog1 #cab4 -- dead1 seized and torn by dog1 #cba4 -- shot on ground1 steadies dog1 #cdj4 -- shot1 search for1 #bff1 #cjg1 #cji1 #cag4 #cbb1 #edd4 -- shot1 signal heel1 #bfi4 -- winged1 shoot on ground1 #cjh4 ,birds1 lie well1 dog winding them1 #ahf4 -- lie1 induced to1 #dja4 -- old1 cunning of1 #bbi1 #bcb1 #bcf4 -- wounded1 scent differs1 #ede4 -- wild1 intercepted1 #chd1 #djj1 #ebe1 #ecc4 -- wounded1 first retrieved1 #eec4 -- wounded1 make off towards covey1 #edd4 -- wounded1 found evening1 #caf4 -- wounded1 the search for1 #bff4 -- wounded1 observed by dog1 #aac4 ,bit for bloodsucker1 #aag4 ,blackcock pointed three times1 #bhi4 -- dog drawing on his first1 #big4 ,black too conspicuous a colour1 #ic4 ,blacksmith shoeing kicker1 #fj4 ,blind man1 and ,tweed-side spaniel1 #che4 ,blinking dead bird1 #beg4 -- from punishment1 #afe1 #cdd4 ,blinking1 initiatory lessons prevent1 #ag4 ,b----k1 ,sir ,george1 #dha4 ,bloodhounds1 training of2 poachers1 #ecg n4 ,app4 ,boar1 wild2 encounter with1 #dfh4 ,brace of dogs1 sufficient if good1 #acg4 ,break in dogs yourself1 #c1 #djh1 #dji4 ,breaker1 qualifications required1 #f4 -- one1 better than two1 #ad4 ,breakers in fault1 not dogs1 #dic4 -- regular1 displeased1 #ehh4 -- hunt too many1 #aia1 #cfb4 -- idle1 dislike bold dogs1 #aih4 ,breakers' accomplishments1 #eee4 ,breaking fence prevented1 #bbb4 ,breeding and breaking1 fetch money1 #cgf4 -- in and in1 bad1 #bgi4 -- superior nose sought1 #cgj4 ,brougham's story of fox1 of dog1 #dca n4 ,buck-hound1 ,beckford's story of1 #eei4 ,bull1 strike horns1 #bhc n4 ,app4 ,bull-dogs1 keepers1 #edf n4 ,app4 -- cross with1 #acg4 ,bull-terrier1 keeper's1 #bhc n4 ,app4 ,buying dogs4 ,see ,purchasers4 ,c4 ,calling constantly1 injudicious1 #adh4 ,cantelo on rearing birds1 #djg n4 ,app4 ,captain1 ,lord ,m----f's dog1 #dia4 ,cards selected by ,munito1 #dad1 #dcf4 ,care1 signal for1 #ci4 ,carrots1 for horses1 #aj1 #aa1 #cc4 ,carrying and fetching1 differ1 #aec4 -- how taught1 #if1 #aji4 ,cats and dogs returning home1 #bba4 ,caution1 taught to fast dogs1 #aig4 -- in excess1 #bhg2 -- cure for1 #bic4 ,cautious and wild dog contrasted1 #aid4 -- dog1 rarely too fast1 #aid4 ,chain better than rope1 #efc4 ,checkcord1 #ec1 #ed1 #bfb1 #bhb4 -- spike to1 #be1 #bha1 #cce4 ,cheeta and antelopes1 #bhd4 -- how trained1 #bhd n4 ,child lost1 fed by dog1 #dcb4 ,china ,pheasant1 cross with1 end of note to #djg1 page #cdc4 ,circle wide when heading dog1 #bfe4 ,cirque ,national de ,paris1 #aa4 ,claws of dogs pared1 #eff n4 ,clothes1 dog sleeping on1 #afg n4 ,clumber spaniels1 #ge4 ,cock-shooting1 #cg1 #hd1 #cig4 ,cocking1 young man's pursuit1 #gb4 ,cockroaches eaten by fowls1 #djg n4 ,app4 ,collar1 a light one on dog1 #bei4 ,collie dogs1 #dae1 #eaf4 ,colours for concealment1 #ic n4 ,commands given in a low tone1 #bj4 -- understood before seeing game1 #af4 ,companion1 dog to be yours1 #ah1 #chc1 #chd4 -- initiatory lessons with1 #di1 #ea4 ,condition attended to1 #eff4 ,consistency necessary1 #f1 #afe1 #bgh4 ,coolness recommended1 #bgh4 ,couple to older dog1 #bi4 ,couples1 accustomed to1 #dh4 ,courage created1 #ace1 #cdg4 ,cover1 pointers in1 #hh4 ,covers for game1 #fe n4 ,app4 ,cricket1 dogs made fag at1 #aej4 ,cripples first retrieved1 #eec4 ,cunning of old birds1 #bbi4 ,d4 ,dash1 a spaniel1 described1 #bcd4 ,dead bird1 blinking of1 #bfg4 -- lifted by you1 error of1 #ih4 -- loss of1 discourages dog1 #cab4 -- rushing into1 #cba1 #cgd4 -- search for1 #bff1 #cjg1 #cji4 -- search for1 with two dogs1 #edd4 -- the first killed1 #bfe4 -- to be pointed1 #bfg2 but not by retrieving setter or pointer1 #edh4 -- torn by dog1 #cbb4 ,dead1 initiatory lesson in1 #ai1 #cd4 ,diet considered1 #efg4 ,distance1 whence birds are winded1 #ahb1 #ahc4 -- between parallels1 #aha4 -- dog's knowledge of1 #bhe4 ,distemper1 pups inoculated for1 #egb4 -- salt for1 #egi4 -- vaccination for1 #egc1 c4 ,diving1 how taught1 #aje4 ,dogs1 good1 cheapest in the end1 #acg4 -- shape1 c4 of1 #acg1 #ahg1 #cfd1 #ecg4 -- shepherds'1 in ,france1 #dae4 -- slow1 beating more than faster1 #cbg4 -- unknown1 fetch small sums1 #chj4 -- wildest1 most energetic1 #ec1 #acg1 #aih4 ,dominos played at by dogs1 #dcc1 #dda4 ,down see ,drop4 ,down charge1 dog pointing1 not to1 #cei4 -- initiatory lesson in1 #bg4 -- ingenious argument against1 #caf n4 -- why retrievers should1 #aai4 ,draughts1 the first to move wins1 #aeh4 ,drop1 a better word than ,down1 #adf4 -- dog to1 another dropping1 #di4 -- dog to1 game rising1 #cbh4 -- initiatory lessons in1 #bc1 #be1 #bf4 -- unnatural1 ,toho natural1 #bd4 ,dropper1 pointing grouse or snipe1 #dig4 -- by ,russian setter1 #dih4 ,duck emits a goodish scent1 #id4 ,duck4 ,wood-duck of ,america1 #eaa4 ,duck-shooting in wild rice1 #ie4 ,ducks1 wounded1 first retrieved1 #eec4 ,duke of ,gordon's dogs1 #bcg4 ,e4 ,ears not pulled violently1 #cbg4 ,education1 age when commence1 #ae4 -- best conducted by one1 #ad4 -- ,beckford's opinion of1 #eeh4 -- commenced from ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 #ehh4 -- expeditious1 economical1 #ac4 ,elephant1 critical encounter with1 #dej4 -- skulls of1 #dfb4 -- tricks exhibited1 #afj4 ,energy1 wildest dogs have most1 #ec1 #acg1 #aih4 ,esquimaux dogs1 and women1 #afi4 -- crossed with wolf1 #acg4 ,example advantageous1 #cea2 especially to spaniels1 #fb2 yours has influence1 #bfd1 #cgd4 ,exercise on the road1 #eff4 ,f4 ,falcon with ,greyhound1 #dgj4 ,fastest dogs not beating most1 #beg4 -- walkers not beating most1 #bef4 ,fasting1 initiatory lessons given1 #ab4 ,fat1 enemy to endurance1 #efg4 ,fatigued1 dog not hunted when1 #bbd4 ,faults1 punishment expected for1 #cdh4 ,fawn1 sagacity of1 #eji n4 ,feeding-time1 lessons at1 #cj4 -- pistol fired1 #bh4 -- the evening1 #efh4 ,feet1 #ahg2 attended to1 #eff4 -- and loins compared1 #acg4 -- of setter better than pointer's1 #ahg4 -- ,partridge's1 given to dog1 #cde4 ,fence not to be broken1 #bbb4 ,fence1 or ,ware fence1 initiatory lesson in1 #df4 ,fetching and carrying differ1 #aec4 -- evil of not1 #bce4 -- lessons in1 #if1 #aji4 ,fields1 largest beat1 #agc4 ,find1 initiatory lesson1 #cd1 #ce4 ,finder not to advance1 #ceg4 -- retrieves1 #eda4 ,fire1 dog to bask before1 #bbe4 ,first day on game1 good conduct of dog1 #aci2 of two dogs1 #bhj4 ,first good point1 #bfd2 first bird killed1 #bfe4 ,flapper shooting1 #bbf4 ,fleas4 ,saffron4 ,gum of sloe1 #afe n4 ,flesh detrimental to pace1 #efg4 ,flogging1 how administered1 #cbc4 -- reprobated1 #i1 #cdd4 ,flown1 initiatory lesson1 #de2 real1 #ccj4 ,food given cool1 #efh4 ,footing a scent1 #dc1 #aab1 #bhe4 ,forward1 initiatory lesson1 #cf4 ,fowls1 killing of--the cure1 #cib4 -- require animal food1 #djg n4 ,fox brought back by dog1 #dgh4 -- his sagacity1 #dca n4 -- graceful when hunting1 #ecg4 ,fox-hound1 cross gives vigour1 #acg4 ,franconi's ,cirque ,national de ,paris1 #aa4 ,g4 ,game1 age1 c4 #g n4 #bcf n4 #cch n4 -- bag1 birds looped on1 #edj4 -- lies close in hot weather1 #ddf4 -- lies too close in turnips1 #aic4 -- not shown dog soon1 #af1 #aga4 -- plentiful4 ,bad rangers1 #bee4 -- sprung towards gun1 #fd1 #hi1 #bhd4 ,gone1 initiatory lesson1 #de2 real1 #ccj4 ,gordon1 the ,duke of1 his dogs1 #bcg4 ,gorse1 spaniels to be habituated to1 #fa4 ,greyhounds1 conditioning of1 #eff4 -- with ,falcon1 #dgj4 ,griffin1 hints to1 #fe n41 #djj-djc4 ,grouse and snipe alternately set1 #dig4 -- best to break dog on1 #cca n4 -- cunning of old1 #bbi4 -- dog for1 rated on snipe1 #dig4 -- shot from stooks1 #g n4 -- shot with aid of cart1 #chd4 -- spread while feeding1 #bfe4 ,grouse's portrait1 #baj4 ,guinea-birds' eggs4 ,chicks1 #dga n4 ,guinea-birds headed1 #ebh4 ,gun1 dog to back the1 #eji4 -- first over fence1 not dog1 #bbb4 -- game flushed towards1 #fd1 #hi1 #bhd4 -- how carried1 #fe n4 ,h4 ,hand1 bird delivered into1 #ih4 -- rewards taken from1 #bg4 ,hare1 chase of1 checked1 #ccd1 #cce4 -- heavy1 tempts dog to drop1 #aaf4 -- killed in form1 steadies dog1 #cci4 -- scent of1 strong1 #ccc4 -- shooting of1 condemned1 #cca4 -- white1 the mountain1 #cch4 -- wounded1 dog may pursue1 #cda4 ,harriers1 pointer hunted with1 #die4 ,hat-brush brought by dog1 #aef4 ,hawker1 ,colonel1 #egg4 ,haunt1 dog brought on1 #cjf2 not soon1 #ccj4 ,heading birds1 #bhd1 #djj1 #ebe4 ,heading dog making too stanch1 #bhg2 circle wide1 #bfe4 ,health promoted by shooting1 #dji4 ,heat beneficial to dogs1 #ega4 ,hedge1 furthest side hunted1 #ed4 ,hedge-rows not hunted1 #age4 ,heel1 signal to1 on killing1 #bfi1 #bgf4 -- the signal to1 #cg1 #dd4 ,hen-harrier's nest found1 #bhc n4 ,herbert's ,field ,sports in ,united ,states1 #bda1 #efh4 ,hereditary instincts1 #abh1 #acg1 #bgi4 ,hog-hunting with native dogs1 #dde4 ,hog1 wild1 first encounter with1 #dfh4 ,hooded crow1 #bhc n4 ,horned owl1 a decoy1 #bhc n4 ,horse1 memory of1 #bba1 n4 ,hoof ointment1 #cfd n4 ,horse1 recipe for conditioning1 #cfd n4 ,horse's and dog's points similar1 #cfd4 -- biting cured1 #bhc n4 -- leg strapped1 #fj4 -- rushing at his leaps cured1 #cc4 ,horses1 how taught by ,astley1 #aj4 -- fed on firing1 #bh4 ,hounds1 obedience of1 #ca4 -- tuition of1 #cj1 #eje4 ,hunting1 dog's chief enjoyment1 #efb4 -- dog long taking to1 #acb4 ,huntsman for pack bad rangers1 #bdh4 -- a gentleman1 #dac4 ,i4 ,imitative1 dogs are1 #cd1 #bfd4 ,in-and-in breeding injudicious1 #bgi4 ,independence imparted1 #cge4 ,india1 #ddd1 #ddf1 c4 ,indian-corn meal1 #efh4 ,initiatory lessons1 important1 #ab1 #ag1 #eb1 #acd1 #ada4 ,inoculation for distemper1 #egb n4 ,,instance ,,of breaking highly1 #bea1 #cie1 #dii2 --coolness and courage1 #ddi-dfh2 --cunning in grouse1 #bbi2 in pheasant1 #bcb1 #bcf2 in monkeys1 #dca n42 --dog's barking at point1 #eba2 --dog's behaving well first day1 #aci1 #bhj2 --dog's forcing game to gun1 #hi2 --dog's pointing after the shot1 #bge2 --dog's intercepting1 #bjf1 #ebg1 #ecj2 --dog's manner showing birds on the run1 #bie1 #ecj2 dog's pointing on his back1 #aii2 --dog's pointing on fence1 #bjj2 --dog's detaining with paw1 #cai2 --dog's retreating from and resuming point1 #bhf1 #eag1 #eai1 #ebj2 dog's retrieving snipe he would not point1 #cah2 dog's retrieving duck1 though detesting water1 #cbj2 --dog's running riot from jealousy1 #cdc2 dog's running riot only out of sight1 #chf2 --dog's running to heel1 but not blinking1 #aie2 --dog's slipping off and replacing collar1 #dca n42 --dog's stanchness--high price it commanded1 #chb2 --dog's stanchness to excess1 point made three times1 #bhi2 --dog1 though never retrieving1 bringing lost bird1 #ig2 dog's walking to mallard from a distance1 #ic n42 --dog's walking from a distance to object he seeks1 #baf2 --dogs alternately retrieving as ordered1 #edb2 --dropper's alternately pointing grouse and snipe1 #dig2 example being useful1 #ceb2 --good snipe-shot who always used a dog1 #cie2 --good snipe-shot who never used a dog1 #cid2 --longevity and vigour1 #bbf2 --old dog proving of great value1 #bbh --,newfoundlands finding their vessels amidst many1 #bah1 #bai2 pointer's hunting with hounds or standing snipe1 #die2 --pointer's superior nose1 #cff2 --pointer standing at partridge while carrying hare1 #edf2 --pot-hunting ruining dog1 #cgc2 --prices dogs fetch1 #acg1 #bcg1 #bed1 #cgi1 #chb1 #ejj2 retriever bolting partridge because interfered with1 #edj2 --retriever losing birds from not delivering into hand1 #ih2 --retriever killing one bird to carry two1 #ajj2 --retriever never disturbing fresh ground1 #eeb2 --retriever ranging spontaneously1 #eea2 --retriever tracking wounded through other game1 #edg2 retriever running direct to hidden object1 #baf2 --roading well performed by young dog1 #bij2 --setter facing about1 on birds running1 #bie1 #ecj2 --setter's superior nose1 #cfi2 --setter's standing fresh birds while carrying dead one1 #edf2 --spaniels pointing1 #fh1 #eea2 --young dogs behaving well first day shown game1 #aci1 #bhj4 ,instinct and reason contrasted1 #dcb4 ,instincts hereditary1 #abh1 #acg1 #bgi4 ,ireland4 ,snipe1 ,woodcock1 #cig1 #efe4 ,isle-aux-,noix1 good conduct of dog1 #cie4 ,j4 ,jesse's opinion of dogs1 #dca4 ,k4 ,kangaroos1 ,greyhounds1 #dfi4 ,keeper1 advice in choosing1 #ehf n4 ,keeper1 feeding several dogs1 #cj4 -- to teach accomplishments1 #eee4 ,keeper's dogs for vermin and poachers1 #bhc n4 ,app4 #ecg n4 #ehh n4 ,keepers dislike this book1 #ehh4 -- blameable for bad dogs1 #d4 -- idle1 dislike dogs of energy1 #aic4 -- rival1 bet respecting1 #dii4 ,kennel1 dog in1 when not with you1 #efc4 ,kennels in ,india and ,england1 #egj4 ,keys1 retrievers taught with1 #ajf4 -- ,mdor's1 bringing1 #dah4 ,killed outright--evil of thinking1 #caa4 ,killing fowls--the remedy1 #cib4 -- sheep-cure attempted1 #chg1 c4 ,kitchen1 dog not allowed run of1 #efc4 ,knox on rearing ,pheasants1 #djg n4 ,app4 ,l4 ,ladies1 breaking for gun1 #aff4 -- no control over dogs1 #adg4 ,ladies' ,pets pampered1 #afc4 ,learned dog in ,paris1 #dce2 ,st4 ,john's1 #efa4 ,leeward1 beat from1 #bja4 -- dog's beat from without gun1 #ebb4 ,left hand signals1 ,down charge1 #bd4 -- -- less than right1 #adb4 ,left side of dog1 keep on1 #bhe4 ,left1 signal for dog to go to1 #cf4 ,lending dog injudicious1 #ehd4 ,lesson left off when well repeated1 #if4 ,lessons1 initiatory1 reasonable1 #ab1 #ag1 #eb1 #acd4 -- -- walking in fields1 #aca4 ,lifting a dog1 #cji1 #ecc1 #edf4 ,lion bearded in his den1 #dfe4 ,liver1 hard boiled1 #aaf4 ,loins and feet compared1 #acg4 ,longevity and vigour in a setter1 #bbf4 ,lord ,m----'s setter facing about on birds running1 #bie1 #ecj4 ,m4 ,major ,b----d's well broken dogs1 #bej4 ,mange--mutton instead of beef1 #efi4 ,mare making colts swim1 #ceb n4 ,markers used with spaniels1 #ha4 ,meat recommended for dogs1 #efi4 ,medicine1 how easily given1 #ehj4 ,memory in horse1 #bba n4 ,militia regiment treeing1 #bjj n4 ,monkeys--their fun1 #dca n4 ,moors1 advantage of1 #acg4 ,munito selecting cards1 #dad4 ,muscle wanted1 not flesh1 #efg4 ,muscovy drake1 the cross1 #dga n4 ,musk bull found by ,muta1 #dhg4 ,mute spaniels1 old sportsmen prefer1 #hc4 ,mutton less heating than beef1 #efi4 ,muzzle dogs that worry sheep1 #cia4 ,n4 ,names ending in o--dissimilar1 #ade4 ,netting partridges1 #ecg n4 ,app4 ,newfoundland carrying off parasol1 #aea4 -- swimming to ship1 #bah1 #bai4 -- that fished1 #dgd1 #dge4 -- the true breed1 #abf4 ,niger's crossing hedge to drive birds1 #ecc n4 ,night-dogs1 #bhc n4 and #ecg n4 ,app4 ,no better word than ,ware1 #dg4 ,noise spoils sport1 #g1 #bj1 #agb1 #dgc4 ,nose carried high1 #db1 #ahf4 -- condition of1 important1 #egj4 -- direction of1 shows birds1 #bhd4 -- of pointers and setters differ1 #agd n4 -- of timid dogs often good1 #ace4 -- tenderness of1 how judged1 #cfe4 ,nosing allowed1 #cad4 ,o4 ,oatmeal and ,indian-corn1 #efh4 ,old birds1 cunning of1 #bbi1 c4 -- first killed1 #djd1 #dje4 ,old crippled ,scotch sportsman1 #daa4 ,old dog allowed liberties1 #efd4 -- range taught with1 #aia4 -- when good1 value of1 #bbg4 ,on initiatory lesson in1 #ai1 #ba4 ,owl used to decoy vermin1 #bhc n4 ,app4 ,p4 ,parallels1 distance between1 #aha1 #ahd4 ,parasol carried off for bun1 #aea4 ,partridges1 benefit farmers1 #djg n4 ,app4 -- how to choose1 #g n4 -- netted1 #ecg n4 ,app4 -- old killed first1 #djd4 -- red-legged1 #ece n4 -- wild1 intercepted1 #bhd1 #djj4 ,patience enjoined1 #bfc4 ,paw kept on wounded bird by dog1 #cai4 ,pea-fowl wants sagacity1 #eji n4 ,peg1 or spike on checkcord1 #bha1 #cce4 ,perseverance and range attained1 #efe4 -- cures bad habits1 #afe4 -- in seeking1 taught1 #cac4 ,pheasants1 benefit farmer1 #djg n4 ,app4 -- cover for1 #fe n4 ,app4 -- cunning of old1 #bca1 #bcf4 -- old hens killed off1 #djd4 -- rearing of1 #dga n4 ,app4 ,physic1 how easily given1 #ehj4 ,pigeons shot to retriever1 #aad4 ,pike1 voracity of1 #bca n4 ,pincushion1 retrievers fetch1 #ajf4 ,pistol1 horses fed at discharge1 #bh4 ,poachers1 dogs for attacking1 #bhc n4 and #ecg n4 ,app4 -- killing birds1 #g n4 #ic n4 -- tracked by bloodhounds1 #ecg n4 ,poultry and game reared1 ,cantelo1 #djg n4 ,app4 -- killing birds1 #g n4 #ic n4 -- tracked by bloodhounds1 #ecg n4 ,poultry and game reared1 ,cantelo1 #djg n4 ,app4 ,point dead1 to1 #bff4 ,point left and resumed1 #eab4 -- #aej yards from grouse1 #ahc4 -- #ajj yards from partridge1 #ahb4 -- not quitted for down charge1 #bgd1 #cei4 -- the first good one1 #bfd4 -- inclination to1 general1 #dga4 -- same1 taken three times1 #bhi4 ,pointer cross with ,indian dog1 #ddh4 ,pointer's points1 #acg1 #ahg1 #cfd1 #ecg4 ,pointing1 dog not soon1 #acb1 #bha1 #cjf4 -- dog when1 not to down1 #cei4 -- origin of1 #bd4 ,polygar dogs1 to hunt hog1 #dde4 ,pony for shooting1 how broken in1 #cb4 ,porcupine1 dogs for hunting the1 #ddh4 ,porteous's whistles1 #ejg1 c4 ,pot-hunting sportsmen ruin dogs1 #cgc4 ,potato-fields1 avoid1 #aib4 ,preparatory lessons important1 #ab1 #ag1 #eb1 #acd1 #ada4 ,price of dogs1 #ach1 #bcg1 #bed1 #cgi1 #chb1 #ejj4 ,punishment avoided by lessons1 #ag4 -- causes blinking1 #cdd1 c4 -- decreases1 whip carried1 #cdb4 -- not shunned by dogs1 #cdh1 c4 -- how administered1 #cbc4 -- making dog too stanch1 #bhg4 -- not inflicted on suspicion1 #cbf4 -- reprobated1 #i1 #cdd4 ,pups born in ,india1 #ddh4 -- -- in winter1 #ega4 -- inoculated for distemper1 #egb4 -- vaccinated for distemper1 #egc1 c4 ,purchasers of dogs1 hints to1 #adf1 #cfe1 #cgb4 ,puzzle-peg1 saved by word up1 #da4 ,puzzling with nose to ground1 #ahe4 ,q4 ,quail pointed1 dog on fence1 #bjj4 -- large in ,canada1 #bgg4 ,qualities expected in good dog1 #h4 ,quartering-ground4 ,see ,beat4 ,r4 ,rabbit-shooting1 reprobated1 #cca4 -- with beagles1 #hj4 ,rabbit-warren1 visit1 hares scarce1 #ccg4 ,rabbits1 choice and age of1 #cch n4 ,railway whistles1 #ejg4 ,range4 ,see ,beat4 ,rating dogs1 how best done1 #ahh4 ,rats1 dogs for gun not to kill1 #acj4 ,red-legged partridges1 headed1 #ebg4 ---- destroyed1 #ece n4 ,red setters1 ,irish1 #efe4 ,refinements4 ,see ,accomplishments4 ,relays desirable--not a pack1 #bdh4 ,requisites in a dog1 #h2 in a breaker1 #f4 ,retreat from point1 c4 #eab4 ,retriever1 bit for one that mouths1 #aag4 --evil of assisting1 #aae4 --footing scent1 lesson in1 #aab4 --for water1 qualities in1 #ic4 --made whipper-in1 #eg4 --observes struck bird1 #aac4 --7regular71 useful with beaters1 #eej4 --7regular71 to down charge or not8 #aai4 ,retrievers1 shape1 c4 of1 #abe4 --to beat1 #eej4 --to fetch1 taught1 #ajh1 c4 --to pursue faster1 #aah4 --water1 to fetch cripples first1 #eec4 --how bred1 #abf4 ,retrieving not taught first season1 #ech4 --setters or pointers not to point dead1 #edh4 --setters1 not pointers1 #ecf4 ,rewards always given1 #bg1 #dj4 ,rheumatism prevented by care1 #ega4 ,rice1 wild lakes1 duck-shooting in1 #ie4 ,richelieu1 snipe-shooting1 #bgg4 ,rifle1 rest for1 #eji n4 ,right1 the signal to go towards1 #cf4 ,right-eyed1 #fe n4 ,app4 ,right hand1 for ,toho and ,drop1 #bd4 --signals more than left1 #adb4 ,road1 exercise on1 good for dogs1 #eff4 ,roading1 instance of fine1 #bij-bib4 --by #f dogs alternately1 #bea4 --by ,finder1 #ced4 ,rope to tie dog1 bad1 #efc4 ,running bird1 firing at1 #cjh4 ,rushing in to dead cured1 #cgd4 ,russian setter1 dropper from1 #dih4 ,s4 ,saffron removing fleas1 #afe n4 ,salt for distemper1 #egi4 ,scent1 bad in calm or gale1 #agd4 --differently recognised by pointers and setters1 #agd n4 --of birds1 not left for hare1 #ccc4 --footing a1 initiatory lesson in1 #dc4 ,scent of wounded and unwounded birds differs1 #ede4 ,search dead1 #bff2 with #b dogs1 #edd4 --for wounded bird1 when to leeward1 #cji2 when to windward1 #cjg4 ,seeking dead1 how taught1 #cac4 ,self-hunting1 prevent1 #efd4 ,september1 dog taken out in1 #aga4 --day's lesson continued1 #bei4 ,servant useful in field1 #bhb4 ,seton proved useful1 #abc4 ,setter1 stanch--sum paid for1 #chb4 --to retrieve1 #ecf2 argument against applies to retriever1 #edi4 ,setters crouch more than pointers1 #bc4 --,duke of ,gordon's breed1 #bcg4 --for cover shooting1 #hg4 ,setters1 points in1 #acg1 #ahg1 #cfd1 #ecg4 --red--the ,irish breed1 #efe4 ,setters' feet better than pointers'1 #ahg4 ,severity reprobated1 #i1 #cdd4 ,sheep1 killing of--cure1 #chg-cij4 ,sheep-stealing4 ,bloodhounds1 #ecg n4 ,shepherds' dogs1 #adc1 #afc1 #dae4 --forward signal1 for water retrievers1 #ia4 ,shooting1 excellence in1 not necessary in breaker1 #e1 #bec4 --hints to tyros1 #fe n4 ,app4 ,shot-belt1 nozzle lengthened1 #fe n4 ,app4 --on spaniels and setters1 #fj1 #cbi4 ,shot over1 dog to be1 before bought1 #cgb4 ,showman's dogs in ,paris1 #dcd1 c4 ,shy birds intercepted1 #bhd1 #djj1 #ebe1 #ecc4 ,sight1 dog not to be out of1 #chf4 ,silence enjoined1 #g1 #agb1 #dgc4 ,sinews of legs drawn1 #cde n4 ,single-handed1 shot to1 #cge4 ,sloe1 gum of1 #afe n4 ,slow dog1 associate for young one1 #cej4 --dogs hunting more than faster1 #beg4 ,snipe1 condition of1 #bcf n4 --grouse-dog rated noticing1 #dig4 --killed off1 #cif4 ,snipes1 three1 lifted in succession1 #edf4 ,snipe-shooting on ,richelieu1 #bgg4 ,snipe-shot who never used dog1 #cid2 who used one constantly1 #cie4 ,spaniel puppies1 keep close1 #ei4 ,spaniels1 age when shown game1 #fb4 --babbling occasionally best1 #hd4 --hunted in gorse1 #fa4 --mute1 preferred1 #hc4 --numbers for a team1 #gd1 #gg4 --requisites in1 #gj4 --shot-belt on wildest1 #fj4 --,sussex1 #bcf4 --that pointed1 #fh4 --water1 how broken in1 #ij4 ,spike-collar1 #cjj1 c4 ,spike fastened to checkcord1 #bha1 #cce4 ,sportsmen to break dogs1 #c1 #djh1 #dji4 ,spring1 dogs broken in1 #agj4 ,springing the other birds after pointing one1 #cgc4 ,stanch--made too1 by heading1 #bhg4 ,st4 ,john's old woman's dog1 #eei n4 ,stoat1 range of1 #bhc and n4 ,app4 ,stone1 error of retrieving1 #ajc4 ,summary imparted by lessons1 #ada4 ,sussex spaniel1 #bcf4 ,suwarrow1 heading running birds1 #ecj4 ,t4 ,taffy1 anecdotes of1 #dba-dcj4 ,tattersall's1 thirteen pointers at1 #cgi4 ,temper in breaker necessary1 #f2 improved by successfully teaching1 #dji4 ,temper hereditary1 #abh4 ,terrier pointing in varied attitudes1 #bih4 ,terriers for covers1 #bd n4 ,tigress' claws running into feet1 #eff n4 ,time given determines education1 #b4 -- saved by initiatory lessons1 #eb4 ,timidity cured1 #ace1 #cde1 #cdg4 ,toho1 first good one in field1 #bfd4 -- initiatory lesson in1 #ai1 #ba1 #bd4 ,traps beat guns for vermin1 #bhc1 ,app4 -- visited by terrier1 #bhc n4 ,tricks easily taught after first1 #acf4 -- exhibited with effect1 #aed1 #dcg4 -- taught by ladies1 #aej4 ,trout1 tame1 #afd4 -- trolling for1 #bca n4 #ehh n4 ,turning back1 brings dog away1 #bbc4 ,turnip-field ridden round1 #dja4 ,turnips avoided1 #aib4 -- lessons in1 #cbi4 ,tweed spaniel1 and blind man1 #che4 ,two dogs1 beat of1 #bch-bdj4 -- steady1 first day1 #bhj4 ,u4 ,up1 signal for--initiatory lesson1 #da4 ,v4 ,vaccination for distemper1 #egc1 c4 ,vermin1 dogs for1 #bhc n4 #ehh n4 -- traps4 ,decoy owl1 #bhc n4 ,app4 ,vigour and longevity in setter1 #bbf4 ,vineyards protected by dogs1 #dae4 ,w4 ,walkers1 fastest1 not beating most1 #bef4 ,ware1 not so good word as ,no1 #dg4 ,warmth necessary for dogs1 #ega4 ,warren1 visit1 hares scarce1 #ccg n4 ,water1 dog taught to plunge into1 #ajd4 ,water-proof1 recipe for leather1 #efg n4 -- -- for cloth1 #efg n4 ,water-retriever1 how broken1 #ij4 -- observes struck bird1 #aac4 -- qualities required in1 #ic4 ,whales1 ,bermuda1 #afe n4 ,whip carried saves punishment1 #cdb4 -- to crack loudly1 #ahh4 ,whistle low1 #bj1 #ejg4 -- dissimilar notes on one1 #eje4 -- distinguishing1 for each dog1 #eja4 -- inattentive to1 how punish1 #ahh4 -- initiatory lesson in1 #ai4 ,whistles1 boatswain's1 #ejf2 railway1 #ejg4 ,whistling to animate1 injudicious1 #agb2 spoils sport1 #g4 ,white dogs1 arguments for and against1 #ahg4 ,white feet1 objectionable1 #ahg4 ,white1 too conspicuous a colour1 #ic4 ,wild birds1 intercepted1 #bhd1 #djj1 #ebe1 #ecc4 ,wild dog contrasted with cautious1 #aid4 ,wild dogs turning out best1 #aih4 ,wildfowl1 wounded1 retrieved first1 #eec4 -- reconnoitred with glass1 #ib4 ,winged bird4 ,see ,bird winged4 ,winter pups1 #ega4 ,wolf1 cross with ,esquimaux dog1 #acg4 ,woodcock-shooting in ,albania1 #hd2 in ,america1 #cg2 in ,ireland1 #cig2 in ,kent1 #hb4 ,woodcocks attached to covers1 #cig4 -- reflushed1 #hb4 -- small1 in ,canada1 #bgg4 ,wood-duck of ,north ,america1 #eaa4 ,wounded bird4 ,see ,bird wounded4 ,y4 ,yeomen of ,kent1 #bcf4 ,yorkshire keeper's advice1 #djf4 ,young dogs steady first day on game1 #aci1 #bhj4 ,youth1 game followed in1 liked1 #fi4 -- occupation followed in1 liked1 #efc4 ,,the ,,end4 ,r4 ,,clay1 ,,son1 ,,and ,,taylor1 ,,printers1 ,,bread ,,street ,,hill4 ,,albemarle ,,street1 ,,london1 ,january1 #ahfe4 ,,mr4 ,,murray',s ,,general ,,list ,,of ,,works4 ,,albert 7,,prince74 ,,the ,,speeches ,,and ,,addresses on ,public ,occasions of ,h4,r4,h4 ,,the ,,prince ,,consort2 with an ,introduction giving some ,outlines of his ,character4 ,portrait4 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d42 or ,popular ,edition1 fcap4 #hvo1 #as4 ,,abbott',s 7,,rev4 ,j47 ,philip ,musgrave2 or1 ,memoirs of a ,church of ,england ,missionary in the ,north ,american ,colonies4 ,post #hvo4 #bs4 ,,abercrombie',s 7,,john7 ,enquiries concerning the ,intellectual ,powers and the ,investigation of ,truth4 #afth ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #fs4 #f;d4 ---- ,philosophy of the ,moral ,feelings4 #abth ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #ds4 ,,acland',s 7,,rev4 ,,charles7 ,popular ,account of the ,manners and ,customs of ,india4 ,post #hvo4 #bs4 ,,sop',s ,,fables4 ,a ,new ,translation4 ,with ,historical ,preface4 ,by ,rev4 ,,thomas ,,james4 ,with #ajj ,woodcuts1 by ,,tenniel ,,and ,,wolf4 #ejth ,thousand4 ,post #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,agricultural 7,,the7 ,,journal4 ,of the ,royal ,agricultural ,society of ,england4 #hvo4 ,published half-yearly4 ,,aids ,,to ,,faith3 a ,series of ,essays4 ,by various ,writers4 ,edited by ,,william ,,thomson1 ,d4,d41 ,lord ,archbishop of ,york4 #hvo4 #is4 ,,contents4 ,rev4 ,h4 ,l4 ,,mansel--,miracles4 ,,bishop ,,of ,,killaloe--,christian ,evidences4 ,rev4 ,,dr4 ,,mccaul--,prophecy and the ,mosaic ,record of ,creation4 ,rev4 ,,canon ,,cook--,ideology and ,subscription4 ,rev4 ,,george ,,rawlinson--,the ,pentateuch4 ,,archbishop ,,of ,,york--,doctrine of the ,atonement4 ,,bishop ,,of ,,ely--,inspiration4 ,,bishop ,,of ,,gloucester ,,and ,,bristol--,scripture and its ,interpretation4 ,,amber-,,witch 7,,the74 ,the most interesting ,trial for ,witchcraft ever known4 ,translated from the ,german by ,,lady ,,duff ,,gordon4 ,post #hvo4 #bs4 ,,army ,,list 7,,the74 ,published ,monthly by ,authority4 #ahmo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,,arthur',s 7,,little7 ,history of ,england4 ,by ,,lady ,,callcott4 #acjth ,thousand4 ,woodcuts4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,atkinson',s 7,,mrs47 ,recollections of ,tartar ,steppes and their ,inhabitants4 ,illustrations4 ,post #hvo4 #abs4 ,,aunt ,,ida',s ,walks and ,talks2 a ,story ,book for ,children4 ,by a ,,lady4 ,woodcuts4 #afmo4 #es4 ,,austin',s 7,,john7 ,,lectures ,,on ,,jurisprudence2 or1 the ,philosophy of ,positive ,law4 #c ,vols4 #hvo4 #cis4 ---- 7,,sarah7 ,fragments from ,german ,prose ,writers4 ,with ,biographical ,notes4 ,post #hvo4 #ajs4 ,,admiralty ,,publications2 ,issued by direction of the ,lords ,commissioners of the ,admiralty3-- ,a ,,manual ,,of ,,scientific ,,enquiry1 for the ,use of ,travellers4 ,edited by ,sir ,,john ,f4 ,,herschel1 and ,rev4 ,,robert ,,main4 ,third ,edition4 ,woodcuts4 ,post #hvo4 #is4 ,,airy',s ,,astronomical ,,observations ,,made ,,at ,,greenwich4 #ahcf to #ahdg4 ,royal #dto4 #ejs4 each4 ---- ,,astronomical ,,results4 #ahdh to #aheh4 #dto4 #hs4 each4 ---- ,,appendices ,,to ,,the ,,astronomical ,,observations4 #ahcf4--;,i4 ,bessel's ,refraction ,tables4 ,,ii4 ,tables for converting ,errors of ,r4,a4 and ,n4,p4,d4 #hs4 into ,errors of ,longitude and ,ecliptic ,p4,d4 #ahcg4--;,i4 ,logarithms of ,sines and ,cosines to every ,ten ,seconds of ,time4 #hs4 ,,ii4 ,table for converting ,sidereal into ,mean ,solar ,time4 #ahdb4--;,catalogue of #adci ,stars4 #hs4 #ahde4--,longitude of ,valentia4 #hs4 #ahdg4--,twelve ,years' ,catalogue of ,stars4 #ads4 #ahea4--,maskelyne's ,ledger of ,stars4 #fs4 #aheb4--;,i4 ,description of the ,transit ,circle4 #es4 ,,ii4 ,regulations of the ,royal ,observatory4 #bs4 #ahec4--;,bessel's ,refraction ,tables4 #cs4 #ahed4--;,i4 ,description of the ,zenith ,tube4 #cs4 ,,ii4 ,six ,years' ,catalogue of ,stars4 #ajs4 #ahef4--;,description of the ,galvanic ,apparatus at ,greenwich ,observatory4 #hs4 ---- ,,magnetical ,,and ,,meteorological ,,observations4 #ahdj to #ahdg4 ,royal #dto4 #ejs4 each4 ---- ,,astronomical1 ,,magnetical1 ,,and ,,meteorological ,,observations1 #ahdh to #ahfb4 ,royal #dto4 #ejs4 each4 ---- ,,astronomical ,,results4 #ahdh to #ahfb4 #dto4 ---- ,,magnetical ,,and ,,meteorological ,,results4 #ahdh to #ahfb4 #dto4 #hs4 each4 ---- ,,reduction ,,of ,,the ,,observations ,,of ,,planets4 #agej to #ahcj4 ,royal #dto4 #ejs4 ---- ,,lunar ,,observations4 #agej to #ahcj4 #b ,vols4 ,royal #dto4 #ejs4 each4 ---- #ahca to #ahea4 #dto4 #bjs4 ,,bernoulli',s ,,sexcentenary ,,table4 ,london1 #aggi4 #dto4 ,,bessel',s ,,auxiliary ,,tables ,,for ,,his ,,method ,,of ,,clearing ,,lunar ,,distances4 #hvo4 ---- ,,fundamenta ,,astronomi3 ,regiomontii1 #ahah4 ,folio4 #fjs4 ,,bird',s ,,method ,,of ,,constructing ,,mural ,,quadrants4 ,london1 #agfh4 #dto4 #bs4 #f;d4 ---- ,,method ,,of ,,dividing ,,astronomical ,,instruments4 ,london1 #agfg4 #dto4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,cook1 ,,king1 and ,,bayly',s ,,astronomical ,,observations1 ,london1 #aghb4 #dto4 #bas4 ,,encke',s ,,berliner ,,jahrbuch1 for #ahcj4 ,berlin1 #ahbh4 #hvo4 #is4 ,,groombridge',s ,,catalogue ,,of ,,circumpolar ,,stars4 #dto4 #ajs4 ,,hansen',s ,,tables ,,de ,,la ,,lune4 #dto4 #bjs4 ,,harrison',s ,,principles ,,of ,,his ,,time-,,keeper4 ,,plates #agig4 #dto4 #es4 ,,hutton',s ,,tables ,,of ,,the ,,products ,,and ,,powers ,,of ,,numbers4 #agha4 ,folio4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,lax',s ,,tables ,,for ,,finding ,,the ,,latitude ,,and ,,longitude4 #ahba4 #hvo4 #ajs4 ,,lunar ,,observations at ,,greenwich4 #aghc to #ahai4 ,compared with the ,tables1 #ahba4 #dto4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,maskelyne',s ,,account ,,of ,,the ,,going ,,of ,,harrison',s ,,watch4 #agfg4 #dto4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,mayer',s ,,distances of the ,,moon',s ,,centre from the ,,planets4 #ahbb1 #cs42 #ahbc1 #ds4 #f;d4 #ahbd to #ahce1 #hvo4 #ds4 each4 ---- ,,theoria ,,lun ,,juxta ,,systema ,,newtonianum4 #dto4 #bs4 #f;d4 ---- ,,tabul ,,motuum ,,solis ,,et ,,lun4 #aggj4 #dto4 #es4 ---- ,,astronomical ,,observations ,,made ,,at ,,gottingen1 from #agef to #agfa4 #ahbf4 ,folio4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,nautical ,,almanacs1 from #agfg to #ahfh4 #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 each4 ---- ,,selections ,,from ,,the ,,additions up to #ahab4 #hvo4 #es4 #ahcd-ed4 #hvo4 #es4 ---- ,,supplements1 #ahbh to #ahcc1 #ahcg and #ahch4 #hvo4 #bs4 each4 ---- ,,table requisite to be used with the ,n4,a4 #agha4 #hvo4 #es4 ,,pond',s ,,astronomical ,,observations4 #ahaa to #ahce4 #dto4 #bas4 each4 ,,ramsden',s ,,engine for ,,dividing ,,mathematical ,,instruments4 #dto4 #es4 ---- ,,engine for ,,dividing ,,straight ,,lines4 #dto4 #es4 ,,sabine',s ,,pendulum ,,experiments to ,,determine ,,the ,,figure ,,of ,,the ,,earth4 #ahbe4 #dto4 #djs4 ,,shepherd',s ,,tables for ,,correcting ,,lunar ,,distances4 #aggb4 ,royal #dto4 #bas4 ---- ,,tables1 ,,general1 of the ,,moon',s ,,distance from the ,,sun1 and #aj ,,stars4 #aghg4 ,folio4 #es4 #f;d4 ,,taylor',s ,,sexagesimal ,,table4 #aghj4 #dto4 #aes4 ---- ,,tables ,,of ,,logarithms4 #dto4 #cl4 ,,tiark',s ,,astronomical ,,observations for the ,,longitude ,,of ,,madeira4 #ahbb4 #dto4 #es4 ---- ,,chronometrical ,,observations for ,,differences of ,,longitude between ,,dover1 ,,portsmouth1 and ,,falmouth4 #ahbc4 #dto4 #es4 ,,venus and ,,jupiter3 ,,observations of1 compared with the ,,tables4 ,london1 #ahbb4 #dto4 #bs4 ,,wales' ,,and ,,bayly',s ,,astronomical ,,observations4 #aggg4 #dto4 #bas4 ,,wales' ,,reduction ,,of ,,astronomical ,,observations ,,made ,,in ,,the ,,southern ,,hemisphere4 #agfd-agga4 #aghh4 #dto4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,babbage',s 7,,charles7 ,economy of ,machinery and ,manufactures4 ,fourth ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #fs4 ---- ,reflections on the ,decline of ,science in ,england1 and on some of its ,causes4 #dto4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,baikie',s 7,w4 ,b47 ,narrative of an ,exploring ,voyage up the ,rivers ,quorra and ,tshadda in #ahed4 ,map4 #hvo4 #afs4 ,,bankes' 7,,george7 ,,story ,,of ,,corfe ,,castle1 with documents relating to the ,time of the ,civil ,wars1 c4 ,woodcuts4 ,post #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,barbauld',s 7,,mrs47 ,hymns in ,prose for ,children4 ,with #aab ,original ,designs4 ,small #dto4 #es4 ,,barrow',s 7,,sir ,,john7 ,autobiographical ,memoir1 including ,reflections1 ,observations1 and ,reminiscences at ,home and ,abroad4 ,from ,early ,life to ,advanced ,age4 ,portrait4 #hvo4 #afs4 ---- ,voyages of ,discovery and ,research within the ,arctic ,regions1 from #ahah to the present time4 #hvo4 #aes4 ---- ,life and ,voyages of ,sir ,francis ,drake4 ,with numerous ,original ,letters4 ,post #hvo4 #bs4 ,,bates' 7,h4 ,w47 ,records of a ,naturalist on the ,river ,amazons during eleven years of ,adventure and ,travel4 ,second ,edition4 ,illustrations4 ,post #hvo4 #abs4 ,,bees ,,and ,,flowers4 ,two ,essays4 ,by ,rev4 ,thomas ,james4 ,reprinted from the ,quarterly ,review4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 each4 ,,bell',s 7,,sir ,,charles7 ,mechanism and ,vital ,endowments of the ,hand as evincing ,design4 ,sixth ,edition4 ,woodcuts4 ,post #hvo4 #fs4 ,,bertha',s ,journal during a ,visit to her ,uncle in ,england4 ,containing a ,variety of ,interesting and ,instructive ,information4 ,seventh ,edition4 ,woodcuts4 #abmo4 ,,birch',s 7,,samuel7 ,history of ,ancient ,pottery and ,porcelain3 ,egyptian1 ,assyrian1 ,greek1 ,roman1 and ,etruscan4 ,with #bjj ,illustrations4 #b ,vols4 ,medium #hvo4 #dbs4 ,,blunt',s 7,,rev4 ,j4 ,j47 ,undesigned ,coincidences in the ,writings of the ,old and ,new ,testament1 an ,argument of their ,veracity3 containing the ,books of ,moses4 ,historical and ,prophetical ,scriptures1 and the ,gospels and ,acts4 #hth ,edition4 ,post #hvo4 #fs4 ---- ,history of the ,church in the ,first ,three ,centuries4 ,third ,edition4 ,post #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ---- ,parish ,priest2 ,his ,duties1 ,acquirements and ,obligations4 ,fourth ,edition4 ,post #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ---- ,lectures on the ,right ,use of the ,early ,fathers4 ,second ,edition4 #hvo4 #aes4 ---- ,plain ,sermons ,preached to a ,country ,congregation4 ,second ,edition4 #c ,vols4 ,post #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 each4 ---- ,essays on various subjects4 #hvo4 #abs4 ,,bisset',s 7,,andrew7 ,history of ,england during the ,interregnum1 from the ,death of ,charles ,i4 to the ,battle of ,dunbar1 #afdh-ej4 ,chiefly from the ,,mss4 in the ,state ,paper ,office4 #hvo4 #aes4 ,,blakiston',s 7,,capt47 ,narrative of the ,expedition sent to explore the ,upper ,waters of the ,yang-,tsze4 ,illustrations4 #hvo4 #ahs4 ,,blomfield',s 7,,bishop7 ,memoir1 with ,selections from his ,correspondence4 ,by his ,son4 #bnd ,edition4 ,portrait1 post #hvo4 #abs4 ,,book ,,of ,,common ,,prayer4 ,illustrated with ,coloured ,borders1 ,initial ,letters1 and ,woodcuts4 ,a new edition4 #hvo4 #ahs4 cloth2 #cas4 #f;d4 calf2 #cfs4 morocco4 ,,borrow',s 7,,george7 ,bible in ,spain2 or the ,journeys1 ,adventures1 and ,imprisonments of an ,englishman in an ,attempt to circulate the ,scriptures in the ,peninsula4 #c ,vols4 ,post #hvo4 #bgs42 or ,popular ,edition1 #afmo1 #cs4 #f;d4 ---- ,zincali1 or the ,gipsies of ,spain2 their ,manners1 ,customs1 ,religion1 and ,language4 #b ,vols4 ,post #hvo4 #ahs42 or ,popular ,edition1 #afmo1 #cs4 #f;d4 ---- ,lavengro2 ,the ,scholar--,the ,gipsy--and the ,priest4 ,portrait4 #c ,vols4 ,post #hvo4 #cjs4 ---- ,romany ,rye2 a ,sequel to ,lavengro4 ,second ,edition4 #b ,vols4 ,post #hvo4 #bas4 ,,boswell',s 7,,james7 ,life of ,samuel ,johnson1 ,,ll4,d4 ,including the ,tour to the ,hebrides4 ,edited by ,mr4 ,,croker4 ,portraits4 ,royal #hvo4 #ajs4 ,,brace',s 7,c4 ,l47 ,history of the ,races of the ,old ,world4 ,designed as a ,manual of ,ethnology4 ,post #hvo4 #is4 ,,bray',s 7,,mrs47 ,life of ,thomas ,stothard1 ,r4,a4 ,with ,personal ,reminiscences4 ,illustrated with ,portrait and #fj ,woodcuts of his chief works4 #dto4 ,,brewster',s 7,,sir ,,david7 ,martyrs of ,science1 or the ,lives of ,galileo1 ,tycho ,brahe1 and ,kepler4 ,fourth ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ---- ,more ,worlds than ,one4 ,the ,creed of the ,philosopher and the ,hope of the ,christian4 ,eighth ,edition4 ,post #hvo4 #fs4 ---- ,stereoscope3 its ,history1 ,theory1 ,construction1 and ,application to the ,arts and to ,education4 ,woodcuts4 #abmo4 #es4 #f;d4 ---- ,kaleidoscope3 its ,history1 ,theory1 and ,construction1 with its application to the ,fine and ,useful ,arts4 ,second ,edition4 ,woodcuts4 ,post #hvo4 #es4 #f;d4 ,,brine',s 7,capt47 ,narrative of the ,rise and ,progress of the ,taeping ,rebellion in ,china4 ,plans4 ,post #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,british ,,association ,,reports4 #hvo4 ,york and ,oxford1 #ahca-cb1 #acs4 #f;d4 ,cambridge1 #ahcc1 #abs4 ,edinburgh1 #ahcd1 #aes4 ,dublin1 #ahce1 #acs4 #f;d4 ,bristol1 #ahcf1 #abs4 ,liverpool1 #ahcg1 #afs4 #f;d4 ,newcastle1 #ahch1 #aes4 ,birmingham1 #ahci1 #acs4 #f;d4 ,glasgow1 #ahdj1 #aes4 ,plymouth1 #ahda1 #acs4 #f;d4 ,manchester1 #ahdb1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,cork1 #ahdc1 #abs4 ,york1 #ahdd1 #bjs4 ,cambridge1 #ahde1 #abs4 ,southampton1 #ahdf1 #aes4 ,oxford1 #ahdg1 #ahs4 ,swansea1 #ahdh1 #is4 ,birmingham1 #ahdi1 #ajs4 ,edinburgh1 #ahej1 #aes4 ,ipswich1 #ahea1 #afs4 #f;d4 ,belfast1 #aheb1 #aes4 ,hull1 #ahec1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,liverpool1 #ahed1 #ahs4 ,glasgow1 #ahee1 #aes4 ,cheltenham1 #ahef1 #ahs42 ,dublin1 #aheg1 #aes42 ,leeds1 #aheh1 #bjs4 ,aberdeen1 #ahei1 #aes4 ,oxford1 #ahfj1 #bes4 ,manchester1 #ahfa1 #aes4 ,cambridge1 #ahfb1 #bjs4 ,newcastle1 #ahfc4 ,,british ,,classics4 ,a ,new ,series of ,standard ,english ,authors1 printed from the most correct text1 and edited with notes4 #hvo4 ,already ,published4 ,i4 ,,goldsmith',s ,,works4 ,edited by ,,peter ,,cunningham1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,vignettes4 #d ,vols4 #cjs4 ,,ii4 ,,gibbon',s ,,decline ,,and ,,fall ,,of ,,the ,,roman ,,empire4 ,edited by ,,william ,,smith1 ,,ll4,d4 ,portrait and ,maps4 #h ,vols4 #fjs4 ,,iii4 ,,johnson',s ,,lives ,,of ,,the ,,english ,,poets4 ,edited by ,,peter ,,cunningham1 ,f4,s4,a4 #c ,vols4 #bbs4 #f;d4 ,,iv4 ,,byron',s ,,poetical ,,works4 ,edited1 with ,notes4 #f vols4 #des4 ,in ,preparation4 ,,works ,,of ,,pope4 ,with ,life1 ,introductions1 and ,notes1 by ,,rev4 ,,whitwell ,,elwin4 ,portrait4 ,,hume',s ,,history ,,of ,,england4 ,edited1 with ,notes4 ,,life ,,and ,,works ,,of ,,swift4 ,edited by ,,john ,,forster4 ,,broughton',s 7,,lord7 ,journey through ,albania and other ,provinces of ,turkey in ,europe and ,asia1 to ,constantinople1 #ahji-aj4 ,third ,edition4 ,illustrations4 #b ,vols4 #hvo4 #cjs4 ---- ,visits to ,italy4 #crd ,edition4 #b vols4 ,post #hvo4 #ahs4 ,,bubbles ,,from ,,the ,,brunnen ,,of ,,nassau4 ,by an ,old ,,man4 ,sixth ,edition4 #afmo4 #es4 ,,bunyan 7,,john7 and ,oliver ,cromwell4 ,select ,biographies4 ,by ,,robert ,,southey4 ,post #hvo4 #bs4 ,,buonaparte',s 7,,napoleon7 ,confidential ,correspondence with his ,brother ,joseph1 sometime ,king of ,spain4 ,second ,edition4 #b vols4 #hvo4 #bfs4 ,,burgon',s 7,rev4 ,j4 ,w47 ,memoir of ,patrick ,fraser ,tytler4 ,second ,edition4 ,post #hvo4 #is4 ---- ,letters from ,rome1 written to ,friends at ,home4 ,illustrations4 ,post #hvo4 #abs4 ,,burn',s 7,,lieut4-,,col47 ,french and ,english ,dictionary of ,naval and ,military ,technical ,terms4 ,fourth ,edition4 ,crown #hvo4 #aes4 ,,burns' 7,,robert7 ,life4 ,by ,,john ,,gibson ,,lockhart4 ,fifth ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 ,,burr',s 7,g4 ,d47 ,instructions in ,practical ,surveying1 ,topographical ,plan ,drawing1 and on sketching ground without ,instruments4 ,fourth ,edition4 ,woodcuts4 ,post #hvo4 #fs4 ,,buttman',s ,,lexilogus2 a ,critical ,examination of the ,meaning of numerous ,greek ,words1 chiefly in ,homer and ,hesiod4 ,translated by ,rev4 ,j4 ,r4 ,,fishlake4 ,fifth ,edition4 #hvo4 #abs4 ,,buxton',s 7,,sir ,,fowell7 ,memoirs4 ,with ,selections from his ,correspondence4 ,by his ,son4 ,portrait4 ,fifth ,edition4 #hvo4 #afs4 ,abridged ,edition1 ,portrait4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,byron',s 7,,lord7 ,life1 ,letters1 and ,journals4 ,by ,,thomas ,,moore4 ,plates4 #f ,vols4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #ahs4 ---- ,life1 ,letters1 and ,journals4 ,by ,,thomas ,,moore4 ,portraits4 ,royal #hvo4 #is4 ---- ,poetical ,works4 ,portrait4 #f ,vols4 #hvo4 #des4 ---- ,poetical ,works4 ,plates4 #aj ,vols4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cjs4 ---- ,poetical ,works4 #h ,vols4 #bdmo4 #bjs4 ---- ,poetical ,works4 ,plates4 ,royal #hvo4 #is4 ---- ,poetical ,works4 ,portrait4 ,crown #hvo4 #fs4 ---- ,childe ,harold4 ,with #hj ,engravings4 ,small #dto4 #bas4 ---- ,childe ,harold4 ,with #cj ,vignettes4 #abmo4 #fs4 ---- ,childe ,harold4 #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ---- ,childe ,harold4 ,vignettes4 #afmo4 #as4 ---- ,childe ,harold4 ,portrait4 #afmo4 #f;d4 ---- ,tales and ,poems4 #bdmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ---- ,miscellaneous4 #b ,vols4 #bdmo4 #es4 ---- ,dramas and ,plays4 #b ,vols4 #bdmo4 #es4 ---- ,don ,juan and ,beppo4 #b ,vols4 #bdmo4 #es4 ---- ,beauties4 ,selected from his ,poetry and ,prose4 ,portrait1 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,carnarvon',s 7,,lord7 ,portugal1 ,gallicia1 and the ,basque ,provinces4 ,from ,notes made during a ,journey to those ,countries4 ,third ,edition4 ,post #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ---- ,recollections of the ,druses of ,lebanon4 ,with ,notes on their ,religion4 ,third ,edition4 ,post #hvo4 #es4 #f;d4 ,,campbell',s 7,,lord7 ,lives of the ,lord ,chancellors and ,keepers of the ,great ,seal of ,england4 ,from the ,earliest ,times to the ,death of ,lord ,eldon in #ahch4 ,fourth ,edition4 #aj ,vols4 ,crown #hvo4 #fs4 each4 ---- ,lives of the ,chief ,justices of ,england4 ,from the ,norman ,conquest to the ,death of ,lord ,tenterden4 ,second ,edition4 #c ,vols4 #hvo4 #dbs4 ---- ,shakspeare's ,legal ,acquirements ,considered4 #hvo4 #es4 #f;d4 ---- ,life of ,lord ,chancellor ,bacon4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ---- 7,,george7 ,modern ,india4 ,a ,sketch of the ,system of ,civil ,government4 ,with some ,account of the ,natives and ,native ,institutions4 ,second ,edition4 #hvo4 #afs4 ---- ,india as it may be4 ,an ,outline of a proposed ,government and ,policy4 #hvo4 #abs4 ---- 7,,thos47 ,short ,lives of the ,british ,poets4 ,with an ,essay on ,english ,poetry4 ,post #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,callcott',s 7,,lady7 ,little ,arthur's ,history of ,england4 #acjth ,thousand4 ,with #bj ,woodcuts4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,castlereagh 7,,the7 ,,despatches1 from the commencement of the official career of the late ,viscount ,castlereagh to the close of his life4 ,edited by the ,,marquis ,,of ,,londonderry4 #ab ,vols4 #hvo4 #ads4 each4 ,,cathcart',s 7,,sir ,,george7 ,commentaries on the ,war in ,russia and ,germany1 #ahab-ac4 ,plans4 #hvo4 #ads4 ,,cavalcaselle ,,and ,,crowe',s ,new ,history of ,painting in ,italy1 from the ,second to the ,sixteenth ,century1 from recent researches in the ,archives1 as well as from personal inspection of the ,works of ,art in that ,country4 ,with #gj ,illustrations4 ,vols4 ,i4 and ,,ii4 #hvo4 #dbs4 ---- ,notices of the ,lives and ,works of the ,early ,flemish ,painters4 ,woodcuts4 ,post #hvo4 #abs4 ,,chambers' 7,g4 ,f47 ,handbook of ,descriptive and ,practical ,astronomy4 ,illustrations4 ,post #hvo4 #abs4 ,,charmed ,,roe 7,,the72 or1 ,the ,story of the ,little ,brother and ,sister4 ,by ,,otto ,,speckter4 ,plates4 #afmo4 #es4 ,,churton',s 7,,archdeacon7 ,gongora4 ,an ,historical ,essay on the ,age of ,philip ,,iii4 and ,,iv4 of ,spain4 ,with ,translations4 ,portrait4 #b ,vols4 ,small #hvo4 #aes4 ,,clausewitz',s 7,,carl ,,von7 ,campaign of #ahab1 in ,russia4 ,translated from the ,german by ,,lord ,,ellesmere4 ,map4 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,clive',s 7,,lord7 ,life4 ,by ,,rev4 ,g4 ,r4 ,,gleig1 ,m4,a4 ,post #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,colchester 7,,the7 ,,papers4 ,the ,diary and ,correspondence of ,charles ,abbott1 ,lord ,colchester1 ,speaker of the ,house of ,commons1 #ahjb-ahag4 ,edited by ,,his ,,son4 ,portrait4 #c ,vols4 #hvo4 #dbs4 ,,coleridge',s 7,,samuel ,,taylor7 ,table-,talk4 ,fourth ,edition4 ,portrait4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #fs4 ,,colonial ,,library4 ,see ,home and ,colonial ,library4 ,,cook',s 7,rev4 ,canon7 ,sermons ,preached at ,lincoln's ,inn ,chapel1 and on ,special ,occasions4 #hvo4 #is4 ,,cookery 7,,modern ,,domestic74 ,founded on ,principles of ,economy and ,practical ,knowledge1 and adapted for ,private ,families4 ,by a ,lady4 ,new ,edition4 ,woodcuts4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #es4 ,,cornwallis 7,,the7 ,papers and ,correspondence during the ,american ,war1--,administrations in ,india1--,union with ,ireland1 and ,peace of ,amiens4 ,edited by ,,charles ,,ross4 ,second ,edition4 #c ,vols4 #hvo4 #fcs4 ,,cowper',s 7,,mary ,,countess7 ,diary while ,lady of the ,bedchamber to ,caroline ,princess of ,wales1 #agad-bj4 ,second ,edition4 ,portrait4 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,crabbe',s 7,,rev4 ,,george7 ,life1 ,letters1 and ,journals4 ,by his ,,son4 ,portrait4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 ---- ,life and ,poetical ,works4 ,plates4 #h ,vols4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #bds4 ---- ,life and ,poetical ,works4 ,plates4 ,royal #hvo4 #gs4 ,,croker',s 7,j4 ,w47 ,progressive ,geography for ,children4 ,fifth ,edition4 #ahmo4 #as4 #f;d4 ---- ,stories for ,children1 ,selected from the ,history of ,england4 ,fifteenth ,edition4 ,woodcuts4 #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ---- ,boswell's ,life of ,johnson4 ,including the ,tour to the ,hebrides4 ,portraits4 ,royal #hvo4 #ajs4 ---- ,essays on the ,early ,period of the ,french ,revolution4 #hvo4 #aes4 ---- ,historical ,essay on the ,guillotine4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 ,,cromwell 7,,oliver7 and ,john ,bunyan4 ,by ,,robert ,,southey4 ,post #hvo4 #bs4 ,,crowe',s ,,and ,,cavalcaselle',s ,notices of the ,early ,flemish ,painters2 their ,lives and ,works4 ,woodcuts4 ,post #hvo4 #abs4 ---- ,history of ,painting in ,italy1 from #bnd to #afth ,century4 ,derived from ,historical ,researches as well as inspection of the ,works of ,art in that ,country4 ,with #gj ,illustrations4 ,vols4 ,i4 and ,,ii4 #hvo4 #dbs4 ,,cunningham',s 7,,allan7 ,poems and ,songs4 ,now first collected and arranged1 with ,biographical ,notice4 #bdmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,cureton 7,,rev4 ,w47 ,remains of a very ,ancient ,recension of the ,four ,gospels in ,syriac1 hitherto unknown in ,europe4 ,discovered1 ,edited1 and ,translated4 #dto4 #bds4 ,,curtius' 7,,professor7 ,student's ,greek ,grammar1 for the use of ,colleges and the ,upper ,forms4 ,translated under the ,author's revision4 ,edited by ,,dr4 ,,wm4 ,,smith4 ,post #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ---- ,smaller ,greek ,grammar for the use of the ,middle and ,lower ,forms1 abridged from the above4 #abmo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ---- ,first ,greek ,course2 containing ,delectus1 ,exercise ,book1 and ,vocabularies4 #abmo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,curzon',s 7,,hon4 ,,robert7 ,,armenia ,,and ,,erzeroum4 ,a ,year on the ,frontiers of ,russia1 ,turkey1 and ,persia4 ,third ,edition4 ,woodcuts4 ,post #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,cust',s 7,,general7 ,annals of the ,wars of the #ahth #aith ,centuries4 #i ,vols4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #es4 each4 ---- ,lives and ,characters of the ,warriors of ,all ,nations who have ,commanded ,fleets and ,armies before the ,enemy4 #hvo4 ,,darwin',s 7,,charles7 ,journal of ,researches into the ,natural ,history of the ,countries visited during a ,voyage round the ,world4 ,post #hvo4 #is4 ---- ,origin of ,species by ,means of ,natural ,selection2 or1 the ,preservation of ,favoured ,races in the ,struggle for ,life4 ,post #hvo4 #ads4 ---- ,fertilization of ,orchids through ,insect ,agency1 and as to the good of ,intercrossing4 ,woodcuts4 ,post #hvo4 #is4 ,,davis',s 7,,nathan7 ,visit to the ,ruined ,cities of ,numidia and ,carthaginia4 ,illustrations4 #hvo4 #afs4 ,,davy',s 7,,sir ,,humphry7 ,consolations in ,travel2 or1 ,last ,days of a ,philosopher4 ,fifth ,edition4 ,woodcuts4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #fs4 ---- ,salmonia2 or1 ,days of ,fly ,fishing4 ,fourth ,edition4 ,woodcuts4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #fs4 ,,delepierre',s 7,,octave7 ,history of ,flemish ,literature4 ,from the ,twelfth ,century4 #hvo4 #is4 ,,dennis' 7,,george7 ,cities and ,cemeteries of ,etruria4 ,plates4 #b ,vols4 #hvo4 #dbs4 ,,derby',s 7,,edward ,,earl ,,of7 ,translation of the ,iliad of ,homer into ,english ,blank ,verse4 #b ,vols4 #hvo4 #bds4 ,,dixon',s 7,,hepworth7 ,story of the ,life of ,lord ,bacon4 ,portrait4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,dog-,,breaking2 the ,most ,expeditious1 ,certain1 and ,easy ,method1 whether great excellence or only mediocrity be required4 ,by ,,lieut4-,,gen4 ,,hutchinson4 ,fourth and ,revised ,edition4 ,with additional ,woodcuts4 ,crown #hvo4 ,,domestic ,,modern ,,cookery4 ,founded on ,principles of ,economy and ,practical ,knowledge1 and adapted for ,private ,families4 ,new ,edition4 ,woodcuts4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #es4 ,,douglas',s 7,,general ,,sir ,,howard7 ,life and ,adventures2 ,from ,notes1 ,conversations1 and ,correspondence4 ,by ,s4 ,w4 ,,fullom4 ,portrait4 #hvo4 #aes4 ---- ,on the ,theory and ,practice of ,gunnery4 #eth ,edition4 ,plates4 #hvo4 #bas4 ---- ,military ,bridges1 and the ,passages of ,rivers in ,military ,operations4 ,third ,edition4 ,plates4 #hvo4 #bas4 ---- ,naval ,warfare with ,steam4 ,second ,edition4 #hvo4 #hs4 #f;d4 ---- ,modern ,systems of ,fortification1 with special reference to the ,naval1 ,littoral1 and ,internal ,defence of ,england4 ,plans4 #hvo4 #abs4 ,,drake',s 7,,sir ,,francis7 ,life1 ,voyages1 and ,exploits1 by ,sea and ,land4 ,by ,,john ,,barrow4 ,third ,edition4 ,post #hvo4 #bs4 ,,drinkwater',s 7,,john7 ,history of the ,siege of ,gibraltar1 #aggi-aghc4 ,with a ,description and ,account of that ,garrison from the ,earliest ,periods4 ,post #hvo4 #bs4 ,,du ,,chaillu',s 7,,paul ,b47 ,,equatorial ,,africa1 with ,accounts of the ,gorilla1 the ,nest-building ,ape1 ,chimpanzee1 ,crocodile1 c4 ,illustrations4 #hvo4 #bas4 ,,dufferin',s 7,,lord7 ,letters from ,high ,latitudes1 being some ,account of a ,yacht ,voyage to ,iceland1 c41 in #ahef4 ,fourth ,edition4 ,woodcuts4 ,post #hvo4 #is4 ,,dyer',s 7,,thomas ,h47 ,history of ,modern ,europe1 from the taking of ,constantinople by the ,turks to the close of the ,war in the ,crimea4 #d ,vols4 #hvo4 #fjs4 ,,eastlake',s 7,,sir ,,charles7 ,italian ,schools of ,painting4 ,from the ,german of ,,kugler4 ,edited1 with ,notes4 ,third ,edition4 ,illustrated from the ,old ,masters4 #b ,vols4 ,post #hvo4 #cjs4 ,,eastwick',s 7,e4 ,b47 ,handbook for ,bombay and ,madras1 with ,directions for ,travellers1 ,officers1 c4 ,map4 #b ,vols4 ,post #hvo4 #bds4 ,,edwards' 7,w4 ,h47 ,voyage up the ,river ,amazon1 including a ,visit to ,para4 ,post #hvo4 #bs4 ,,eldon',s 7,,lord7 ,public and ,private ,life1 with ,selections from his ,correspondence and ,diaries4 ,by ,,horace ,,twiss4 ,third ,edition4 ,portrait4 #b ,vols4 ,post #hvo4 #bas4 ,,ellis 7,,rev4 ,w47 ,visits to ,madagascar1 including a ,journey to the ,capital1 with notices of ,natural ,history1 and ,present ,civilisation of the ,people4 ,fifth ,thousand4 ,map and ,woodcuts4 #hvo4 #afs4 ---- 7,,mrs47 ,education of ,character1 with ,hints on ,moral ,training4 ,post #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,ellesmere',s 7,,lord7 ,two ,sieges of ,vienna by the ,turks4 ,translated from the ,german4 ,post #hvo4 #bs4 ---- ,campaign of #ahab in ,russia1 from the ,german of ,general ,carl ,von ,clausewitz4 ,map4 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ---- ,poems4 ,crown #dto4 #bds4 ---- ,essays on ,history1 ,biography1 ,geography1 and ,engineering4 #hvo4 #abs4 ,,elphinstone',s 7,,hon4 ,,mountstuart7 ,history of ,india--the ,hindoo and ,mahomedan ,periods4 ,fourth ,edition4 ,map4 #hvo4 #ahs4 ,,engel',s 7,,carl7 ,music of the ,most ,ancient ,nations2 particularly of the ,assyrians1 ,egyptians1 and ,hebrews2 with ,special ,reference to the ,discoveries in ,western ,asia and in ,egypt4 ,with #ajj ,illustrations4 #hvo4 #afs4 ,,england 7,,history ,,of7 from the ,peace of ,utrecht to the ,peace of ,versailles1 #agac--hc4 ,by ,,lord ,,mahon 7,earl ,stanhope74 ,library ,edition1 #g ,vols4 #hvo4 #ics42 or ,popular ,edition1 #g ,vols4 ,post #hvo4 #ces4 ---- ,from the ,first ,invasion by the ,romans1 down to the #adth year of ,queen ,victoria's ,reign4 ,by ,,mrs4 ,,markham4 #aahth ,edition4 ,woodcuts4 #abmo4 #fs4 ---- 7,,the ,,student',s ,,hume74 ,a ,history of ,england from the ,earliest ,times4 ,based on the ,history by ,,david ,,hume4 ,corrected and continued to #aheh4 ,edited by ,,wm4 ,,smith1 ,,ll4,d4 ,woodcuts4 ,post #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,englishwoman ,,in ,,america4 ,post #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,eskimaux and ,english ,vocabulary1 for ,travellers in the ,arctic ,regions4 #afmo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,essays ,,from ,,the ,,times4 ,being a ,selection from the ,,literary ,,papers which have appeared in that ,journal4 ,seventh ,thousand4 #b vols4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #hs4 ,,exeter',s 7,,bishop ,,of7 ,letters to the late ,charles ,butler1 on the ,theological parts of his ,book of the ,roman ,catholic ,church2 with ,remarks on certain ,works of ,dr4 ,milner and ,dr4 ,lingard1 and on some parts of the ,evidence of ,dr4 ,doyle4 ,second ,edition4 #hvo4 #afs4 ,,family ,,receipt-,,book4 ,a ,collection of a ,thousand ,valuable and ,useful ,receipts4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #es4 #f;d4 ,,farrar',s 7,,rev4 ,a4 ,s47 ,critical ,history of ,free ,thought in reference to the ,christian ,religion4 ,being the ,bampton ,lectures1 #ahfb4 #hvo4 #afs4 ---- 7,f4 ,w47 ,origin of ,language1 based on ,modern ,researches4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #es4 ,,featherstonhaugh',s 7,g4 ,w47 ,tour through the ,slave ,states of ,north ,america1 from the ,river ,potomac to ,texas and the ,frontiers of ,mexico4 ,plates4 #b ,vols4 #hvo4 #bfs4 ,,fergusson',s 7,,james7 ,palaces of ,nineveh and ,persepolis ,restored4 ,woodcuts4 #hvo4 #afs4 ---- ,history of the ,modern ,styles of ,architecture1 completing the above work4 ,with #cab ,illustrations4 #hvo4 #cas4 #f;d4 ,,fisher',s 7,,rev4 ,,george7 ,elements of ,geometry1 for the ,use of ,schools4 ,fifth ,edition4 #ahmo4 #as4 #f;d4 ---- ,first ,principles of ,algebra1 for the ,use of ,schools4 ,fifth ,edition4 #ahmo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,,flower ,,garden 7,,the74 ,by ,,rev4 ,,thos4 ,,james4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 ,,fonnereau',s 7,t4 ,g47 ,diary of a ,dutiful ,son4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,forbes' 7,c4 ,s47 ,iceland2 its ,volcanoes1 ,geysers1 and ,glaciers4 ,illustrations4 ,post #hvo4 #ads4 ,,ford',s 7,,richard7 ,handbook for ,spain1 ,andalusia1 ,ronda1 ,valencia1 ,catalonia1 ,granada1 ,gallicia1 ,arragon1 ,navarre1 c4 ,third ,edition4 #b ,vols4 ,post #hvo4 #cjs4 ---- ,gatherings from ,spain4 ,post #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,forster',s 7,,john7 ,arrest of the ,five ,members by ,charles the ,first4 ,a ,chapter of ,english ,history re-written4 ,post #hvo4 #abs4 ---- ,grand ,remonstrance1 #afda4 ,with an ,essay on ,english freedom under the ,plantagenet and ,tudor ,sovereigns4 ,second ,edition4 ,post #hvo4 #abs4 ---- ,oliver ,cromwell1 ,daniel ,de ,foe1 ,sir ,richard ,steele1 ,charles ,churchill1 ,samuel ,foote4 ,third ,edition4 ,post #hvo4 #abs4 ,,forsyth',s 7,,william7 ,life and ,times of ,cicero4 ,with ,selections from his ,correspondence and his ,orations4 ,illustrations4 #b ,vols4 ,post #hvo4 #ahs4 ,,fortune',s 7,,robert7 ,narrative of ,two ,visits to the ,tea ,countries of ,china1 #ahdc-eb4 ,third ,edition4 ,woodcuts4 #b ,vols4 ,post #hvo4 #ahs4 ---- ,third ,visit to ,china4 #ahec-f4 ,woodcuts4 #hvo4 #afs4 ---- ,yedo and ,peking4 ,with ,notices of the ,agriculture and ,trade of ,japan and ,china4 ,illustrations4 #hvo4 #afs4 ,,foss' 7,edward7 ,judges of ,england4 ,with ,sketches of their ,lives1 and ,notices of the ,courts at ,westminster1 from the ,conquest to the ,present ,time4 #i ,vols4 #hvo4 #aads4 ,,france 7,,history ,,of74 ,from the ,conquest by the ,gauls to the ,death of ,louis ,philippe4 ,by ,mrs4 ,,markham4 #efth ,thousand4 ,woodcuts4 #abmo4 #fs4 ---- 7,,the ,,student',s ,,history ,,of74 ,from the ,earliest ,times to the ,establishment of the ,second ,empire1 #aheb4 ,by ,w4 ,h4 ,,pearson4 ,edited by ,,wm4 ,,smith1 ,,ll4,d4 ,woodcuts4 ,post #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,french 7,,the7 in ,algiers2 ,the ,soldier of the ,foreign ,legion--and the ,prisoners of ,abd-el-,kadir4 ,translated by ,lady ,,duff ,,gordon4 ,post #hvo4 #bs4 ,,galton',s 7,,francis7 ,art of ,travel2 or1 ,hints on the ,shifts and ,contrivances available in ,wild ,countries4 ,third ,edition4 ,woodcuts4 ,post #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,geography 7,,the ,,student',s ,,manual ,,of ,,ancient74 ,by ,rev4 ,w4 ,l4 ,,bevan4 ,edited by ,,wm4 ,,smith1 ,,ll4,d4 ,woodcuts4 ,post #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ---- ,journal of the ,royal ,geographical ,society of ,london4 #hvo4 ,,germany 7,,history ,,of74 ,from the ,invasion by ,marius1 to the present time4 ,by ,mrs4 ,,markham4 ,fifteenth ,thousand4 ,woodcuts4 #abmo4 #fs4 ,,gibbon',s 7,,edward7 ,history of the ,decline and ,fall of the ,roman ,empire4 ,a ,new ,edition4 ,preceded by his ,autobiography4 ,edited1 with ,notes1 by ,dr4 ,,wm4 ,,smith4 ,maps4 #h ,vols4 #hvo4 #fjs4 ---- 7,the ,student's ,gibbon72 ,being an ,epitome of the above work1 incorporating the ,researches of ,recent ,commentators4 ,by ,dr4 ,,wm4 ,,smith4 ,ninth ,thousand4 ,woodcuts4 ,post #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,giffard',s 7,,edward7 ,deeds of ,naval ,daring2 or1 ,anecdotes of the ,british ,navy4 ,new ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,goldsmith',s 7,,oliver7 ,works4 ,a ,new ,edition4 ,printed from the last editions revised by the ,author4 ,edited by ,,peter ,,cunningham4 ,vignettes4 #d ,vols4 #hvo4 #cjs4 7,murray's ,british ,classics47 ,,gladstone',s 7,,right ,,hon4 ,w4 ,e47 ,financial ,statements of #ahec1 #fj1 #fc1 and #fd2 also his ,speeches on ,tax-,bills1 #ahfa1 and on ,charities1 #ahfc4 ,second ,edition4 #hvo4 #abs4 ---- ,wedgwood3 an ,address delivered at ,burslem4 ,woodcuts4 ,post #hvo4 #bs4 ,,gleig',s 7,,rev4 ,g4 ,r47 ,campaigns of the ,british ,army at ,washington and ,new ,orleans4 ,post #hvo4 #bs4 ---- ,story of the ,battle of ,waterloo4 ,post #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ---- ,narrative of ,sale's ,brigade in ,affghanistan4 ,post #hvo4 #bs4 ---- ,life of ,robert ,lord ,clive4 ,post #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ---- ,life and ,letters of ,sir ,thomas ,munro4 ,post #hvo #cs4 #f;d4 ,,gordon',s 7,,sir ,,alex4 ,,duff7 ,sketches of ,german ,life1 and ,scenes from the ,war of ,liberation4 ,from the ,german4 ,post #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ---- 7,,lady ,,duff7 ,amber-,witch3 ,a ,trial for ,witchcraft4 ,from the ,german4 ,post #hvo4 #bs4 ----,french in ,algiers4 #a4 ,the ,soldier of the ,foreign ,legion4 #b4 ,the ,prisoners of ,abd-el-,kadir4 ,from the ,french4 ,post #hvo4 #bs4 ,,gouger',s 7,,henry7 ,personal ,narrative of ,two ,years' ,imprisonment in ,burmah4 ,second ,edition4 ,woodcuts4 ,post #hvo4 #abs4 ,,grammar 7,,the ,,student',s ,,greek47 ,for ,colleges1 and the ,upper ,forms4 ,by ,,professor ,,curtius4 ,translated under the ,revision of the ,author4 ,edited by ,,wm4 ,,smith1 ,,ll4,d4 ,post #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ---- 7,,the ,,student',s ,,latin74 ,for ,colleges and the ,upper ,forms4 ,by ,,wm4 ,,smith1 ,,ll4,d41 ,post #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,greece 7,,the ,,student',s ,,history ,,of74 ,from the ,earliest ,times to the ,roman ,conquest4 ,by ,,wm4 ,,smith1 ,,ll4,d4 ,woodcuts4 ,post #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,grenville 7,,the7 ,,papers4 ,being the ,public and ,private ,correspondence of ,george ,grenville1 including his ,,private ,,diary4 ,edited by ,w4 ,j4 ,,smith4 #d ,vols4 #hvo4 #afs4 each4 ,,grey 7,,earl7 on ,parliamentary ,government and ,reform4 ,a ,new ,edition1 containing ,suggestions for the ,improvement of our ,representative ,system1 and an ,examination of the ,reform ,bills of #ahei-fa4 #hvo4 #is4 ,,grey',s 7,,sir ,,george7 ,polynesian ,mythology1 and ,ancient ,traditional ,history of the ,new ,zealand ,race4 ,woodcuts4 ,post #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,grote',s 7,,george7 ,history of ,greece4 ,from the ,earliest ,times to the close of the generation contemporary with the death of ,alexander the ,great4 ,fourth ,edition4 ,maps4 #h vols4 #hvo4 #aabs4 ---- ,,plato1 and the other ,companions of ,socrates4 #c ,vols4 #hvo4 ---- 7,,mrs47 ,memoir of ,ary ,scheffer4 ,post #hvo4 #hs4 #f;d4 ---- ,collected ,papers4 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,guizot',s 7,m47 ,meditations on ,christianity4 ,containing #a4 ,,natural ,,problems4 #b4 ,,christian ,,dogmas4 #c4 ,,the ,,supernatural4 #d4 ,,limits ,,of ,,science4 #e4 ,,revelation4 #f4 ,,inspiration ,,of ,,holy ,,scripture4 #g4 ,,god ,,according ,,to ,,the ,,bible4 #h4 ,,jesus ,,christ ,,according ,,to ,,the ,,gospels4 ,post #hvo4 #is4 #f;d4 ,,hallam',s 7,,henry7 ,constitutional ,history of ,england1 from the ,accession of ,henry the ,seventh to the ,death of ,george the ,second4 ,seventh ,edition4 #c ,vols4 #hvo4 #cjs4 ---- ,history of ,europe during the ,middle ,ages4 ,tenth ,edition4 #c ,vols4 #hvo4 #cjs4 ---- ,literary ,history of ,europe1 during the #aeth1 #afth and #agth ,centuries4 ,fourth ,edition4 #c ,vols4 #hvo4 #cfs4 ---- ,literary ,essays and ,characters4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4 ---- ,historical ,works4 ,containing ,history of ,england1--,middle ,ages of ,europe1--,literary ,history of ,europe4 #aj ,vols4 ,post #hvo4 #fs4 each4 ---- 7,,arthur7 ,remains2 in ,verse and ,prose4 ,with ,preface1 ,memoir1 and ,portrait4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,hamilton',s 7,,james7 ,wanderings in ,north ,africa4 ,post #hvo4 #abs4 ,,hart',s ,,army ,,list4 7,quarterly and ,annually47 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 and #bas4 each4 ,,hannah',s 7,rev4 ,dr47 ,bampton ,lectures for #ahfc2 the ,divine and ,human ,elements in ,holy ,scripture4 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,hay',s 7,j4 ,h4 ,,drummond7 ,western ,barbary1 its wild ,tribes and savage ,animals4 ,post #hvo4 #bs4 ,,head',s 7,,sir ,,francis7 ,horse and his ,rider4 ,woodcuts4 ,post #hvo4 #es4 ---- ,rapid ,journeys across the ,pampas4 ,post #hvo4 #bs4 ---- ,bubbles from the ,brunnen of ,nassau4 #afmo4 #es4 ---- ,emigrant4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ---- ,stokers and ,pokers2 or1 ,n4-,western ,railway4 ,post #hvo4 #bs4 ----,fortnight in ,ireland4 ,map4 #hvo4 #abs4 ---- 7,,sir ,,edmund7 ,shall and ,will2 or1 ,future ,auxiliary ,verbs4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #ds4 ,,hand-,,book--,,travel-,,talk4 ,english1 ,german1 ,french1 and ,italian4 #ahmo4 #hs4 #f;d4 ---- ,,north ,,germany1 ,,holland1 ,,belgium1 and the ,rhine to ,switzerland4 ,map4 ,post #hvo4 #ajs4 ---- ,,knapsack ,,guide ,,to ,,belgium ,,and ,,the ,,rhine4 ,post #hvo4 7,in the ,press47 ---- ,,south ,,germany1 ,bavaria1 ,austria1 ,styria1 ,salzberg1 the ,austrian and ,bavarian ,alps1 the ,tyrol1 ,hungary1 and the ,danube1 from ,ulm to the ,black ,sea4 ,map4 ,post #hvo4 #ajs4 ---- ,,knapsack ,,guide ,,to ,,the ,,tyrol4 ,post #hvo4 7,in the ,press47 ---- ,,painting4 ,german1 ,flemish1 and ,dutch ,schools4 ,edited by ,,dr4 ,,waagen4 ,woodcuts4 #b vols4 ,post #hvo4 #bds4 ---- ,,lives ,,of ,,the ,,early ,,flemish ,,painters1 with ,notices of their ,works4 ,by ,,crowe and ,,cavalcaselle4 ,illustrations4 ,post #hvo4 #abs4 ---- ,,switzerland1 ,alps of ,savoy1 and ,piedmont4 ,maps4 ,post #hvo4 #is4 ---- ,,knapsack ,,guide ,,to ,,switzerland4 ,post #hvo4 #es4 ---- ,,france1 ,normandy1 ,brittany1 the ,french ,alps1 the ,rivers ,loire1 ,seine1 ,rhone1 and ,garonne1 ,dauphin1 ,provence1 and the ,pyrenees4 ,maps4 ,post #hvo4 #ajs4 ---- ,,knapsack ,,guide ,,to ,,france4 ,post #hvo4 7,in the ,press47 ---- ,,paris ,,and ,,its ,,environs4 ,map4 ,post #hvo4 #es4 ---- ,,spain1 ,andalusia1 ,ronda1 ,granada1 ,valencia1 ,catalonia1 ,gallicia1 ,arragon1 and ,navarre4 ,maps4 #b ,vols4 ,post #hvo4 #cjs4 ---- ,,portugal1 ,,lisbon1 c4 ,map4 ,post #hvo4 ---- ,,north ,,italy1 ,piedmont1 ,liguria1 ,venetia1 ,lombardy1 ,parma1 ,modena1 and ,romagna4 ,map4 ,post #hvo4 #abs4 ---- ,,central ,,italy1 ,lucca1 ,tuscany1 ,florence1 ,the ,marches1 ,umbria1 and the ,patrimony of ,st4 ,peter's4 ,map4 ,post #hvo4 #ajs4 ---- ,,rome ,,and ,,its ,,environs4 ,map4 ,post #hvo4 #is4 ---- ,,south ,,italy1 ,two ,sicilies1 ,naples1 ,pompeii1 ,herculaneum1 and ,vesuvius4 ,map4 ,post #hvo4 #ajs4 ---- ,,knapsack ,,guide ,,to ,,italy4 ,post #hvo4 #fs4 ---- ,,sicily1 ,palermo1 ,messina1 ,catania1 ,syracuse1 ,etna1 and the ruins of the ,greek ,temples4 ,map4 ,post #hvo4 #abs4 ---- ,,painting4 ,the ,italian ,schools4 ,from the ,german of ,,kugler4 ,edited by ,sir ,,charles ,,eastlake1 ,r4,a4 ,woodcuts4 #b ,vols4 ,post #hvo4 #cjs4 ---- ,,lives ,,of ,,the ,,early ,,italian ,,painters1 ,,and ,,progress ,,of ,,painting ,,in ,,italy1 from ,,cimabue to ,,bassano4 ,by ,mrs4 ,,jameson4 ,woodcuts4 ,post #hvo4 #abs4 ---- ,,dictionary ,,of ,,italian ,,painters4 ,by ,a ,,lady4 ,edited by ,,ralph ,,wornum4 ,with a ,chart4 ,post #hvo4 #fs4 #f;d4 ---- ,,greece1 the ,ionian ,islands1 ,albania1 ,thessaly1 and ,macedonia4 ,maps4 ,post #hvo4 #aes4 ---- ,,turkey1 ,malta1 ,asia ,minor1 ,constantinople1 ,armenia1 ,mesopotamia1 c4 ,maps4 ,post #hvo4 7,in the ,press47 ---- ,,egypt1 ,thebes1 the ,nile1 ,alexandria1 ,cairo1 the ,pyramids1 ,mount ,sinai1 c4 ,map4 ,post #hvo4 #aes4 ---- ,,syria ,,palestine1 ,peninsula of ,sinai1 ,edom1 and ,syrian ,desert4 ,maps4 #b ,vols4 ,post #hvo4 #bds4 ---- ,,bombay ,,and ,,madras4 ,map4 #b ,vols4 ,post #hvo4 #bds4 ---- ,,norway1 ,map4 ,post #hvo4 #es4 ---- ,,denmark1 ,,sweden and ,,norway4 ,maps4 ,post #hvo4 #aes4 ---- ,,russia1 ,,the ,,baltic ,,and ,,finland4 ,maps4 ,post #hvo4 #abs4 ---- ,,modern ,,london4 ,a ,complete ,guide to all the ,sights and ,objects of ,interest in the ,metropolis4 ,map4 #afmo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ---- ,,westminster ,,abbey4 ,woodcuts4 #afmo4 #as4 ---- ,,kent ,,and ,,sussex1 ,canterbury1 ,dover1 ,ramsgate1 ,sheerness1 ,rochester1 ,chatham1 ,woolwich1 ,brighton1 ,chichester1 ,worthing1 ,hastings1 ,lewes1 ,arundel1 c4 ,map4 ,post #hvo4 #ajs4 ---- ,,surrey1 ,,hants1 ,kingston1 ,croydon1 ,reigate1 ,guildford1 ,winchester1 ,southampton1 ,portsmouth1 and ,isle of ,wight4 ,maps4 ,post #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ---- ,,berks1 ,,bucks1 ,,and ,,oxon1 ,windsor1 ,eton1 ,reading1 ,aylesbury1 ,uxbridge1 ,wycombe1 ,henley1 the ,city and ,university of ,oxford1 and the ,descent of the ,thames to ,maidenhead and ,windsor4 ,map4 ,post #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ---- ,,wilts1 ,,dorset1 ,,and ,,somerset1 ,salisbury1 ,chippenham1 ,weymouth1 ,sherborne1 ,wells1 ,bath1 ,bristol1 ,taunton1 c4 ,map4 ,post #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ---- ,,devon ,,and ,,cornwall1 ,exeter1 ,ilfracombe1 ,linton1 ,sidmouth1 ,dawlish1 ,teignmouth1 ,plymouth1 ,devonport1 ,torquay1 ,launceston1 ,truro1 ,penzance1 ,falmouth1 c4 ,maps4 ,post #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ---- ,,north ,,and ,,south ,,wales1 ,bangor1 ,carnarvon1 ,beaumaris1 ,snowdon1 ,conway1 ,menai ,straits1 ,carmarthen1 ,pembroke1 ,tenby1 ,swansea1 ,the ,wye1 c4 ,maps4 #b ,vols4 ,post #hvo4 #abs4 ---- ,,cathedrals ,,of ,,england--,southern ,division1 ,winchester1 ,salisbury1 ,exeter1 ,wells1 ,chichester1 ,rochester1 ,canterbury4 ,with #aaj ,illustrations4 #b ,vols4 ,crown #hvo4 #bds4 ---- ,,cathedrals ,,of ,,england--,eastern ,division1 ,oxford1 ,peterborough1 ,norwich1 ,ely1 and ,lincoln4 ,with #ij ,illustrations4 ,crown #hvo4 #ahs4 ---- ,,cathedrals ,,of ,,england--,western ,division1 ,bristol1 ,gloucester1 ,hereford1 ,worcester1 and ,lichfield4 ,with #ej ,illustrations4 ,crown #hvo4 #afs4 ---- ,,familiar ,,quotations4 ,from ,english ,authors4 ,third ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #es4 ,,heber',s 7,,bishop7 ,journey through ,india4 ,twelfth ,edition4 #b ,vols4 ,post #hvo4 #gs4 ---- ,poetical ,works4 ,sixth ,edition4 ,portrait4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #fs4 ,,herodotus4 ,a ,new ,english ,version4 ,edited1 with ,notes and ,essays1 historical1 ethnographical1 and geographical4 ,by ,rev4 ,g4 ,,rawlinson1 assisted by ,,sir ,,henry ,,rawlinson and ,,sir ,j4 ,g4 ,,wilkinson4 ,second ,edition4 ,maps and ,woodcuts4 #d ,vols4 #hvo4 #dhs4 ,,hessey 7,,rev4 ,,dr474 ,sunday--,its ,origin1 ,history1 and ,present ,obligations4 ,being the ,bampton ,lectures for #ahfj4 ,second ,edition4 #hvo4 #afs4 ,,hickman',s 7,,wm47 ,treatise on the ,law and ,practice of ,naval ,courts-,martial4 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,hillard',s 7,g4 ,s47 ,six ,months in ,italy4 #b ,vols4 ,post #hvo4 #afs4 ,,hollway',s 7,j4 ,g47 ,month in ,norway4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4 ,,honey ,,bee 7,,the74 ,an ,essay4 ,by ,,rev4 ,,thomas ,,james4 ,reprinted from the ,quarterly ,review4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 ,,hook',s 7,,dean7 ,church ,dictionary4 ,ninth ,edition4 #hvo4 #afs4 ---- 7,,theodore7 ,life4 ,by ,j4 ,g4 ,,lockhart4 ,reprinted from the ,quarterly ,review4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 ,,hooker',s 7,dr4 ,j4 ,d47 ,himalayan ,journals2 or1 ,notes of an ,oriental ,naturalist in ,bengal1 the ,sikkim and ,nepal ,himalayas1 the ,khasia ,mountains1 c4 ,second ,edition4 ,woodcuts4 #b ,vols4 ,post #hvo4 #ahs4 ,,hope',s 7,a4 ,j4 ,,beresford7 ,english ,cathedral of the ,nineteenth ,century4 ,with ,illustrations4 #hvo4 #abs4 ,,horace 7,works of74 ,edited by ,,dean ,,milman4 ,with #cjj ,woodcuts4 ,crown #hvo4 #bas4 ---- 7,life of74 ,by ,,dean ,,milman4 ,woodcuts1 and coloured ,borders4 #hvo4 #is4 ,,hume',s 7,,the ,,student',s7 ,history of ,england1 from the ,invasion of ,julius ,csar to the ,revolution of #afhh4 ,corrected and continued to #aheh4 ,edited by ,dr4 ,wm4 ,smith4 ,woodcuts4 ,post #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,hutchinson 7,,gen47 on the most expeditious1 certain1 and easy ,method of ,dog-,breaking4 ,fourth ,edition4 ,enlarged and revised1 with additional ,illustrations4 ,crown #hvo4 ,,hutton',s 7,h4,e47 ,principia ,grca2 an ,introduction to the ,study of ,greek4 ,comprehending ,grammar1 ,delectus1 and ,exercise-book1 with ,vocabularies4 ,third ,edition4 #abmo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,home ,,and ,,colonial ,,library4 ,a ,series of ,works adapted for all circles and classes of ,readers1 having been selected for their acknowledged interest and ability of the ,authors4 ,post #hvo4 ,published at #bs4 and #cs4 #f;d4 each1 and arranged under two distinctive heads as follows3-- ,,class ,a4 ,,history1 ,,biography1 ,,and ,,historic ,,tales4 #a4 ,,siege ,,of ,,gibraltar4 ,by ,,john ,,drinkwater4 #bs4 #b4 ,,the ,,amber-,,witch4 ,by ,,lady ,,duff ,,gordon4 #bs4 #c4 ,,cromwell ,,and ,,bunyan4 ,by ,,robert ,,southey4 #bs4 #d4 ,,life ,,of ,,sir ,,francis ,,drake4 ,by ,,john ,,barrow4 #bs4 #e4 ,,campaigns ,,at ,,washington4 ,by ,,rev4 ,g4 ,r4 ,,gleig4 #bs4 #f4 ,,the ,,french ,,in ,,algiers4 ,by ,,lady ,,duff ,,gordon4 #bs4 #g4 ,,the ,,fall ,,of ,,the ,,jesuits4 #bs4 #h4 ,,livonian ,,tales4 #bs4 #i4 ,,life ,,of ,,conde4 ,by ,,lord ,,mahon4 #cs4 #f;d4 #aj4 ,,sale',s ,,brigade4 ,by ,,rev4 ,g4 ,r4 ,,gleig4 #bs4 #aa4 ,,the ,,sieges ,,of ,,vienna4 ,by ,,lord ,,ellesmere4 #bs4 #ab4 ,,the ,,wayside ,,cross4 ,by ,,capt4 ,,milman4 #bs4 #ac4 ,,sketches ,,of ,,german ,,life4 ,by ,,sir ,a4 ,,gordon4 #cs4 #f;d4 #ad4 ,,the ,,battle ,,of ,,waterloo4 ,by ,,rev4 ,g4 ,r4 ,,gleig4 #cs4 #f;d4 #ae4 ,,autobiography ,,of ,,steffens4 #bs4 #af4 ,,the ,,british ,,poets4 ,by ,,thomas ,,campbell4 #cs4 #f;d4 #ag4 ,,historical ,,essays4 ,by ,,lord ,,mahon4 #cs4 #f;d4 #ah4 ,,life ,,of ,,lord ,,clive4 ,by ,,rev4 ,g4 ,r4 ,,gleig4 #cs4 #f;d4 #ai4 ,,north--,,western ,,railway4 ,by ,,sir ,f4 ,b4 ,,head4 #bs4 #bj4 ,,life ,,of ,,munro4 ,by ,,rev4 ,g4 ,r4 ,,gleig4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,class ,b4 ,,voyages1 ,,travels1 ,,and ,,adventures4 #a4 ,,bible ,,in ,,spain4 ,by ,,george ,,borrow4 #cs4 #f;d4 #b4 ,,gipsies ,,of ,,spain4 ,by ,,george ,,borrow4 #cs4 #f;d4 #c #d4 ,,journals ,,in ,,india4 ,by ,,bishop ,,heber4 #b ,vols4 #gs4 #e4 ,,travels ,,in ,,the ,,holy ,,land4 ,by ,,irby and ,,mangles4 #bs4 #f4 ,,morocco ,,and ,,the ,,moors4 ,by ,j4 ,,drummond ,,hay4 #bs4 #g4 ,,letters ,,from ,,the ,,baltic4 ,by a ,,lady4 #bs4 #h4 ,,new ,,south ,,wales4 ,by ,,mrs4 ,,meredith4 #bs4 #i4 ,,the ,,west ,,indies4 ,by ,m4 ,g4 ,,lewis4 #bs4 #aj4 ,,sketches ,,of ,,persia4 ,by ,,sir ,,john ,,malcolm4 #cs4 #f;d4 #aa4 ,,memoirs ,,of ,,father ,,ripa4 #bs4 #ab4 #ac4 ,,typee ,,and ,,omoo4 ,by ,,hermann ,,melville4 #b ,vols4 #gs4 #ad4 ,,missionary ,,life ,,in ,,canada4 ,by ,,rev4 ,j4 ,,abbott4 #bs4 #ae4 ,,letters ,,from ,,madras4 ,by a ,,lady4 #bs4 #af4 ,,highland ,,sports4 ,by ,,charles ,,st4 ,,john4 #cs4 #f;d4 #ag4 ,,pampas ,,journeys4 ,by ,,sir ,f4 ,b4 ,,head4 #bs4 #ah4 ,,gatherings ,,from ,,spain4 ,by ,,richard ,,ford4 #cs4 #f;d4 #ai4 ,,the ,,river ,,amazon4 ,by ,w4 ,h4 ,,edwards4 #bs4 #bj4 ,,manners ,,customs ,,of ,,india4 ,by ,,rev4 ,c4 ,,acland4 #bs4 #ba4 ,,adventures ,,in ,,mexico4 ,by ,g4 ,f4 ,,ruxton4 #cs4 #f;d4 #bb4 ,,portugal ,,and ,,gallicia4 ,by ,,lord ,,carnarvon4 #cs4 #f;d4 #bc4 ,,bush ,,life ,,in ,,australia4 ,by ,rev4 ,h4 ,w4 ,,haygarth4 #bs4 #bd4 ,,the ,,libyan ,,desert4 ,by ,,bayle ,,st4 ,,john4 #bs4 #be4 ,,sierra ,,leone4 ,by a ,,lady4 #cs4 #f;d4 9999 ,each work may be had separately4 ,,irby ,,and ,,mangles' ,travels in ,egypt1 ,nubia1 ,syria1 and the ,holy ,land4 ,post #hvo4 #bs4 ,,james' 7,,rev4 ,,thomas7 ,fables of sop4 ,a ,new ,translation1 with ,historical ,preface4 ,with #ajj ,woodcuts by ,,tenniel and ,,wolf4 ,thirty-eighth ,thousand4 ,post #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,jameson',s 7,,mrs47 ,lives of the ,early ,italian ,painters1 from ,cimabue to ,bassano1 and the ,progress of ,painting in ,italy4 ,new ,edition4 ,with ,woodcuts4 ,post #hvo4 #abs4 ,,jesse',s 7,,edward7 ,gleanings in ,natural ,history4 ,eighth ,edition4 ,fcp4 #hvo4 #fs4 ,,johnson',s 7,,dr4 ,,samuel7 ,life4 ,by ,james ,boswell4 ,including the ,tour to the ,hebrides4 ,edited by the late ,,mr4 ,,croker4 ,portraits4 ,royal #hvo4 #ajs4 ---- ,lives of the most eminent ,english ,poets4 ,edited by ,,peter ,,cunningham4 #c vols4 #hvo4 #bbs4 #f;d4 7,murray's ,british ,classics47 ,,journal ,,of ,a ,,naturalist4 ,woodcuts4 ,post #hvo4 #is4 #f;d4 ,,ken',s 7,,bishop7 ,life4 ,by ,a ,,layman4 ,second ,edition4 ,portrait4 #b ,vols4 #hvo4 #ahs4 ---- ,exposition of the ,apostles' ,creed4 ,extracted from his ,practice of ,divine ,love4 ,fcap4 #as4 #f;d4 ---- ,approach to the ,holy ,altar4 ,extracted from his ,manual of ,prayer and ,practice of ,divine ,love4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,,king',s 7,,rev4 ,s4 ,w47 ,italian ,valleys of the ,alps2 a ,tour through all the ,romantic and less-frequented ,vals of ,northern ,piedmont4 ,illustrations4 ,crown #hvo4 #ahs4 ---- 7,,rev4 ,c4 ,w47 ,antique ,gems2 their ,origin1 ,use1 and ,value1 as ,interpreters of ,ancient ,history1 and as illustrative of ,ancient ,art4 ,illustrations4 #hvo4 #dbs4 ,,king ,,edward ,,vith',s ,latin ,grammar2 or1 an ,introduction to the ,latin ,tongue1 for the ,use of ,schools4 ,sixteenth ,edition4 #abmo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ---- ,first ,latin ,book2 or1 the ,accidence1 ,syntax1 and ,prosody1 with an ,english ,translation for the ,use of ,junior ,classes4 ,fourth ,edition4 #abmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,kirk',s 7,j4 ,,foster7 ,history of ,charles the ,bold1 ,duke of ,burgundy4 ,portrait4 #b ,vols4 #hvo4 #cjs4 ,,kerr',s 7,,robert7 ,,gentleman',s ,,house2 ,,or1 ,,how ,,to ,,plan ,,english ,,residences1 ,,from ,,the ,,parsonage ,,to ,,the ,,palace4 ,with ,tables of ,accommodation and ,cost1 and a ,series of ,selected ,views and ,plans4 #hvo4 #bas4 ,,kugler',s ,italian ,schools of ,painting3 ,edited1 with ,notes1 by ,,sir ,,charles ,,eastlake4 ,third ,edition4 ,woodcuts4 #b ,vols4 ,post #hvo4 #cjs4 ---- ,german1 ,dutch1 and ,flemish ,schools of ,painting4 ,edited1 with ,notes1 by ,,dr4 ,,waagen4 ,second ,edition4 ,woodcuts4 #b ,vols4 ,post #hvo4 #bds4 ,,language 7,,the ,,english74 ,a ,series of ,lectures4 ,by ,,george ,p4 ,,marsh4 ,edited1 with additional ,chapters and ,notes1 by ,,wm4 ,,smith1 ,,ll4,d4 ,post #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,latin ,,grammar 7,,king ,,edward ,,vith',s74 ,for the ,use of ,schools4 ,sixteenth ,edition4 #abmo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ---- ,first ,book 7,,king ,,edward ,,vith',s72 or1 the ,accidence1 ,syntax1 and ,prosody1 with ,english ,translation for ,junior ,classes4 ,fourth ,edition4 #abmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,layard',s 7,a4 ,h47 ,nineveh and its ,remains4 ,being a ,narrative of ,researches and ,discoveries amidst the ,ruins of ,assyria4 ,with an ,account of the ,chaldean ,christians of ,kurdistan2 the ,yezedis1 or ,devil-worshippers2 and an ,enquiry into the ,manners and ,arts of the ,ancient ,assyrians4 ,sixth ,edition4 ,plates and ,woodcuts4 #b ,vols4 #hvo4 #cfs4 ---- ,nineveh and ,babylon2 being the ,result of a ,second ,expedition to ,assyria4 ,fourteenth ,thousand4 ,plates #hvo4 #bas4 ,or ,fine ,paper1 #b ,vols4 #hvo4 #cjs4 ---- ,popular ,account of ,nineveh4 #aeth ,edition4 ,with ,woodcuts4 ,post #hvo4 #es4 ,,leake',s 7,,col47 ,topography of ,athens1 with ,remarks on its ,antiquities4 ,second ,edition4 ,plates4 #b ,vols4 #hvo4 #cjs4 ---- ,travels in ,northern ,greece4 ,maps4 #d ,vols4 #hvo4 #fjs4 ---- ,disputed ,questions of ,ancient ,geography4 ,map4 #hvo4 #fs4 #f;d4 ---- ,numismata ,hellenica1 and ,supplement4 ,completing a descriptive ,catalogue of ,twelve ,thousand ,greek ,coins1 with ,notes ,geographical and ,historical4 ,with ,map and ,appendix4 #dto4 #fcs4 ---- ,peloponnesiaca4 #hvo4 #aes4 ---- ,degradation of ,science in ,england4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,leslie',s 7,c4 ,r47 ,handbook for ,young ,painters4 ,with ,illustrations4 ,post #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ---- ,autobiographical ,recollections1 with ,selections from his ,correspondence4 ,edited by ,,tom ,,taylor4 ,portrait4 #b ,vols4 ,post #hvo4 #ahs4 ---- ,life of ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds4 ,with an ,account of his ,works1 and a ,sketch of his ,cotemporaries4 ,by ,,tom ,,taylor4 ,illustrations4 #b ,vols4 #hvo4 ,,letters ,,from ,,the ,,shores ,,of ,,the ,,baltic4 ,by a ,,lady4 ,post #hvo4 #bs4 ---- ,,madras4 ,by a ,,lady4 ,post #hvo4 #bs4 ---- ,,sierra ,,leone4 ,by a ,,lady4 ,edited by the ,,honourable ,,mrs4 ,,norton4 ,post #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,lewis' 7,,sir ,g4 ,c47 ,essay on the ,government of ,dependencies4 #hvo4 #abs4 ---- ,glossary of ,provincial ,words used in ,herefordshire and some of the adjoining ,counties4 #abmo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ---- 7,m4 ,g47 ,journal of a ,residence among the ,negroes in the ,west ,indies4 ,post #hvo4 #bs4 ,,liddell',s 7,,dean7 ,history of ,rome4 ,from the ,earliest ,times to the ,establishment of the ,empire4 ,with the ,history of ,literature and ,art4 #b ,vols4 #hvo4 #bhs4 ---- ,student's ,history of ,rome4 ,abridged from the above ,work4 #beth ,thousand4 ,with ,woodcuts4 ,post #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,lindsay',s 7,,lord7 ,lives of the ,lindsays2 or1 a ,memoir of the ,houses of ,crawfurd and ,balcarres4 ,with ,extracts from ,official ,papers and ,personal ,narratives4 ,second ,edition4 #c ,vols4 #hvo4 #bds4 ---- ,report of the ,claim of ,james1 ,earl of ,crawfurd and ,balcarres1 to the ,original ,dukedom of ,montrose1 created in #adhh4 ,folio4 #aes4 ---- ,scepticism2 a ,retrogressive ,movement in ,theology and ,philosophy4 #hvo4 #is4 ,,lispings from ,,low ,,latitudes2 or1 the ,journal of the ,hon4 ,impulsia ,gushington4 ,edited by ,,lord ,,dufferin4 ,with #bd ,plates1 #dto4 #bas4 ,,literature 7,,english74 ,a ,manual for ,students4 ,by ,t4 ,b4 ,,shaw4 ,edited1 with ,notes and ,illustrations1 by ,,wm4 ,,smith1 ,,ll4,d4 ,post #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ---- 7,,choice ,,specimens ,,of74 ,selected from the ,chief ,english ,writers4 ,by ,,thos4 ,b4 ,,shaw1 ,m4,a4 ,edited by ,,wm4 ,,smith1 ,,ll4,d4 ,post #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,little ,,arthur',s ,,history ,,of ,,england4 ,by ,,lady ,,callcott4 #abjth ,thousand4 ,with #bj ,woodcuts4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,livingstone',s 7,,rev4 ,,dr47 ,popular ,account of his ,missionary ,travels in ,south ,africa4 ,illustrations4 ,post #hvo4 #fs4 ---- ,narrative of an ,expedition to the ,zambezi and its ,tributaries2 and of the ,discovery of ,lakes ,shirwa and ,nyassa4 #aheh-fd4 ,by ,,david and ,,charles ,,livingstone4 ,map and ,illustrations4 #hvo4 ,,livonian ,,tales4 ,by the ,author of ,letters from the ,baltic4 ,post #hvo4 #bs4 ,,lockhart',s 7,j4 ,g47 ,ancient ,spanish ,ballads4 ,historical and ,romantic4 ,translated1 with ,notes4 ,illustrated ,edition4 #dto4 #bas4 ,or1 ,popular ,edition1 ,post #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ---- ,life of ,robert ,burns4 ,fifth ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 ,,london',s 7,,bishop ,,of7 ,dangers and ,safeguards of ,modern ,theology4 ,containing ,suggestions to the ,theological ,student under present difficulties4 ,second ,edition4 #hvo4 #is4 ,,loudon',s 7,,mrs47 ,instructions in ,gardening for ,ladies4 ,with ,directions and ,calendar of ,operations for ,every ,month4 ,eighth ,edition4 ,woodcuts4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #es4 ,,lucas' 7,,samuel7 ,secularia2 or1 ,surveys on the ,main ,stream of ,history4 #hvo4 #abs4 ,,lucknow3 a ,lady's ,diary of the ,siege4 ,fourth ,thousand4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,lyell',s 7,,sir ,,charles7 ,elements of ,geology2 or1 the ,ancient ,changes of the ,earth and its ,inhabitants considered as illustrative of ,geology4 ,sixth ,edition4 ,woodcuts4 #hvo4 #ahs4 ---- ,geological ,evidences of the ,antiquity of ,man4 ,third ,edition4 ,illustrations4 #hvo4 #ads4 ,,lyttelton',s 7,,lord7 ,ephemera4 ,post #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,lytton',s 7,,sir ,,edward ,,bulwer7 ,poems4 ,new ,edition4 ,revised4 ,post #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,mahon',s 7,,lord7 ,history of ,england1 from the ,peace of ,utrecht to the ,peace of ,versailles1 #agac--hc4 ,library ,edition4 #g ,vols4 #hvo4 #ics4 ,popular ,edition1 #g ,vols4 ,post #hvo4 #ces4 ---- ,forty-,five2 a ,narrative of the ,rebellion in ,scotland4 ,post #hvo4 #cs4 ---- ,history of ,british ,india from its ,origin till the ,peace of #aghc4 ,post #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ---- ,spain under ,charles the ,second2 #afij to #agjj4 ,second ,edition4 ,post #hvo4 #fs4 #f;d4 ---- ,life of ,william ,pitt1 with ,extracts from his ,,ms4 ,papers4 ,second ,edition4 ,portraits4 #d ,vols4 ,post #hvo4 #dbs4 ---- ,cond1 surnamed the ,great4 ,post #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ---- ,belisarius4 ,second ,edition4 ,post #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ---- ,historical and ,critical ,essays4 ,post #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ---- ,miscellanies4 ,second ,edition4 ,post #hvo4 #es4 #f;d4 ---- ,story of ,joan of ,arc4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 ---- ,addresses4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 ,mc,c,l,i,n,t,o,c,k',s 7,,capt4 ,,sir ,f4 ,l47 ,narrative of the ,discovery of the ,fate of ,sir ,john ,franklin and his ,companions in the ,arctic ,seas4 ,twelfth ,thousand4 ,illustrations4 #hvo4 #afs4 ,mc,c,u,l,l,o,c,h',s 7,j4 ,r47 ,collected ,edition of ,,ricardo',s ,political ,works4 ,with ,notes and ,memoir4 ,second ,edition4 #hvo4 #afs4 ,,macdougall 7,,col47 ,on ,modern ,warfare as ,influenced by ,modern ,artillery4 ,with ,plans4 ,post #hvo4 #abs4 ,,maine 7,h4 ,,sumner7 ,on ,ancient ,law3 its ,connection with the ,early ,history of ,society1 and its ,relation to ,modern ,ideas4 ,second ,edition4 #hvo4 #abs4 ,,malcolm',s 7,,sir ,,john7 ,sketches of ,persia4 ,third ,edition4 ,post #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,mansel 7,,rev4 ,h4 ,l47 ,limits of ,religious ,thought ,examined4 ,being the ,bampton ,lectures for #aheh4 ,fourth ,edition4 ,post #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,mansfield 7,,sir ,,william7 ,on the ,introduction of a ,gold ,currency into ,india3 a ,contribution to the ,literature of ,political ,economy4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,mantell',s 7,,gideon ,a47 ,thoughts on ,animalcules2 or1 the ,invisible ,world1 as revealed by the ,microscope4 ,second ,edition4 ,plates4 #afmo4 #fs4 ,,manual ,,of ,,scientific ,,enquiry1 ,prepared for the ,use of ,officers and ,travellers4 ,by various ,writers4 ,edited by ,sir ,j4 ,f4 ,,herschel and ,rev4 ,r4 ,,main4 ,third ,edition4 ,maps4 ,post #hvo4 #is4 7,published by order of the ,lords of the ,admiralty47 ,,markham',s 7,,mrs47 ,history of ,england4 ,from the ,first ,invasion by the ,romans1 down to the fourteenth year of ,queen ,victoria's ,reign4 #aefth ,edition4 ,woodcuts4 #abmo4 #fs4 ---- ,history of ,france4 ,from the ,conquest by the ,gauls1 to the ,death of ,louis ,philippe4 ,sixtieth ,edition4 ,woodcuts4 #abmo4 #fs4 ---- ,history of ,germany4 ,from the ,invasion by ,marius1 to the present time4 ,fifteenth ,edition4 ,woodcuts4 #abmo4 #fs4 ---- ,history of ,greece4 ,from the ,earliest ,times to the ,roman ,conquest4 ,by ,dr4 ,,wm4 ,,smith4 ,woodcuts4 #afmo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ---- ,history of ,rome4 ,from the ,earliest ,times to the ,establishment of the ,empire4 ,by ,,dr4 ,,wm4 ,,smith4 ,woodcuts4 #afmo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ---- 7,,clements1 ,r47 ,travels in ,peru and ,india1 for the purpose of collecting ,cinchona ,plants1 and introducing ,bark into ,india4 ,maps and ,illustrations4 #hvo4 #afs4 ,,markland',s 7,j4 ,h47 ,reverence due to ,holy ,places4 ,third ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4 ,,marryat',s 7,,joseph7 ,history of ,modern and ,medival ,pottery and ,porcelain4 ,with a ,description of the ,manufacture4 ,second ,edition4 ,plates and ,woodcuts4 #hvo4 #cas4 #f;d4 ---- 7,,horace7 ,jutland1 the ,danish ,isles1 and ,copenhagen4 ,illustrations4 #b ,vols4 ,post #hvo4 #bds4 ---- ,sweden and ,isle of ,gothland4 ,illustrations4 #b ,vols4 ,post #hvo4 #bhs4 ,,matthi',s 7,,augustus7 ,greek ,grammar for ,schools4 ,abridged from the ,larger ,grammar4 ,by ,blomfield4 ,ninth ,edition4 ,revised by ,,edwards4 #abmo4 #cs4 ,,maurel',s 7,,jules7 ,essay on the ,character1 ,actions1 and ,writings of the ,duke of ,wellington4 ,second ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,,maxims ,,and ,,hints on ,angling and ,chess4 ,by ,,richard ,,penn4 ,woodcuts4 #abmo4 #as4 ,,mayne',s 7,r4 ,c47 ,four ,years in ,british ,columbia and ,vancouver ,island4 ,its ,forests1 ,rivers1 ,coasts1 and ,gold ,fields1 and ,resources for ,colonisation4 ,illustrations4 #hvo4 #afs4 ,,melville',s 7,,hermann7 ,typee and ,omoo2 or1 ,adventures amongst the ,marquesas and ,south ,sea ,islands4 #b ,vols4 ,post #hvo4 #gs4 ,,meredith',s 7,,mrs4 ,,charles7 ,notes and ,sketches of ,new ,south ,wales4 ,post #hvo4 #bs4 ,,messiah 7,,the73 ,a ,narrative of the ,life1 ,travels1 ,death1 ,resurrection1 and ,ascension of our ,blessed ,lord4 ,by ,a ,,layman4 ,author of the ,life of ,bishop ,ken4 ,map4 #hvo4 #ahs4 ,,michie',s 7,,alexander7 ,siberian ,overland ,route from ,peking to ,petersburg1 through the ,deserts and ,steppes of ,mongolia1 ,tartary1 c4 ,maps and ,illustrations4 #hvo4 #afs4 ,,mills' 7,,arthur7 ,india in #aheh2 ,a ,summary of the ,existing ,administration4 ,second ,edition4 ,map4 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ---- 7,,rev4 ,,john7 ,three ,months' ,residence at ,nablus1 with an ,account of the ,modern ,samaritans4 ,illustrations4 ,post #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,milman',s 7,,dean7 ,history of the ,jews1 from the ,earliest ,period1 brought down to ,modern ,times4 ,new ,edition4 #c ,vols4 #hvo4 #cfs4 ---- ,christianity1 from the ,birth of ,christ to the ,abolition of ,paganism in the ,roman ,empire4 ,new ,edition4 #c ,vols4 #hvo4 #cfs4 ---- ,latin ,christianity2 including that of the ,popes to the ,pontificate of ,nicholas ,v4 ,new ,edition4 #i ,vols4 #hvo4 #hds4 ---- ,character and ,conduct of the ,apostles considered as an ,evidence of ,christianity4 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ---- ,life and ,works of ,horace4 ,with #cjj ,woodcuts4 #b ,vols4 ,crown #hvo4 #cjs4 ---- ,poetical ,works4 ,plates4 #c ,vols4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #ahs4 ----,fall of ,jerusalem4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 ---- 7,,capt4 ,e4 ,a47 ,wayside ,cross4 ,a ,tale of the ,carlist ,war4 ,post #hvo4 #bs4 ,,milnes' 7,r4 ,,monckton1 ,,lord ,,houghton7 ,poetical ,works4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #fs4 ,,modern ,,domestic ,,cookery4 ,founded on ,principles of ,economy and ,practical ,knowledge and adapted for ,private ,families4 ,new ,edition4 ,woodcuts4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #es4 ,,moore',s 7,,thomas7 ,life and ,letters of ,lord ,byron4 ,plates4 #f ,vols4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #ahs4 ---- ,life and ,letters of ,lord ,byron4 ,portraits4 ,royal #hvo4 #is4 ,,motley',s 7,j4 ,l47 ,history of the ,united ,netherlands3 from the ,death of ,william the ,silent to the ,synod of ,dort4 ,embracing the ,english-,dutch struggle against ,spain2 and a detailed ,account of the ,spanish ,armada4 ,portraits4 #b ,vols4 #hvo4 #cjs4 ,,mouhot',s 7,,henri7 ,siam1 ,cambojia1 and ,lao2 a ,narrative of ,travels and ,discoveries4 ,illustrations4 #b vols4 #hvo4 #cbs4 ,,mozley',s 7,,rev4 ,j4 ,b47 ,treatise on ,predestination4 #hvo4 #ads4 ---- ,primitive ,doctrine of ,baptismal ,regeneration4 #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,mundy',s 7,,general7 ,pen and ,pencil ,sketches in ,india4 ,third ,edition4 ,plates4 ,post #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ---- 7,,admiral7 ,account of the ,italian ,revolution1 with ,notices of ,garibaldi1 ,francis ,,ii41 and ,victor ,emmanuel4 ,post #hvo4 #abs4 ,,munro',s 7,,general ,,sir ,,thomas7 ,life and ,letters4 ,by the ,,rev4 ,g4 ,r4 ,,gleig4 ,post #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,murchison',s 7,,sir ,,roderick7 ,russia in ,europe and the ,ural ,mountains4 ,with ,coloured ,maps1 ,plates1 ,sections1 c4 #b ,vols4 ,royal #dto4 ---- ,siluria2 or1 a ,history of the ,oldest ,rocks containing ,organic ,remains4 ,third ,edition4 ,map and ,plates4 #hvo4 #dbs4 ,,murray',s ,,railway ,,reading4 ,containing3-- ,,wellington4 ,,by ,,lord ,,ellesmere4 #f;d4 ,,nimrod ,,on ,,the ,,chase4 #as4 ,,essays ,,from ,,the ,,times4 #b ,vols4 #hs4 ,,music ,,and ,,dress4 #as4 ,,layard',s ,,account ,,of ,,nineveh4 #es4 ,,milman',s ,,fall ,,of ,,jerusalem4 #as4 ,,mahon',s ,,forty-,,five4 #cs4 ,,life ,,of ,,theodore ,,hook4 #as4 ,,deeds ,,of ,,naval ,,daring4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,the ,,honey ,,bee4 #as4 ,,james' ,,sop',s ,,fables4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,nimrod ,,on ,,the ,,turf4 #as4 #f;d4 ,,art ,,of ,,dining4 #as4 #f;d4 ,,ballam',s ,,literary ,,essays4 #bs4 ,,mahon',s ,,joan ,,of ,,arc4 #as4 ,,head',s ,,emigrant4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,nimrod ,,on ,,the ,,road4 #as4 ,,croker ,,on ,,the ,,guillotine4 #as4 ,,hollway',s ,,norway4 #bs4 ,,maurel',s ,,wellington4 #as4 #f;d4 ,,campbell',s ,,life ,,of ,,bacon4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,the ,,flower ,,garden4 #as4 ,,lockhart',s ,,spanish ,,ballads4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,taylor',s ,,notes ,,from ,,life4 #bs4 ,,rejected ,,addresses4 #as4 ,,penn',s ,,hints ,,on ,,angling4 #as4 ,,music ,,and ,,dress4 ,by a ,,lady4 ,reprinted from the ,quarterly ,review4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 ,,napier',s 7,,sir ,,wm47 ,english ,battles and ,sieges of the ,peninsular ,war4 ,third ,edition4 ,portrait4 ,post #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ---- ,life and ,letters4 ,edited by ,h4 ,a4 ,,bruce1 ,m4,p4 ,portraits4 #b ,vols4 ,crown #hvo4 #bhs4 ---- ,life of ,general ,sir ,charles ,napier2 chiefly derived from his ,journals and ,letters4 ,second ,edition4 ,portraits4 #d ,vols4 ,post #hvo4 #dhs4 ,,nautical ,,almanack4 ,royal #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 7,by ,authority47 ,,navy ,,list4 7,published ,quarterly1 by ,authority47 #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,new ,,testament 7,,the7 ,illustrated by a ,plain ,explanatory ,commentary1 and authentic ,views of ,sacred ,places1 from ,sketches and ,photographs4 ,edited by ,,archdeacon ,,churton and ,,rev4 ,,basil ,,jones4 ,with #aaj ,illustrations4 #b ,vols4 ,crown #hvo4 ,,newdegate',s 7,c4 ,n47 ,customs' ,tariffs of all ,nations2 collected and arranged up to the year #ahee4 #dto4 #cjs4 ,,nicholls' 7,,sir ,,george7 ,history of the ,english1 ,irish and ,scotch ,poor ,laws4 #d ,vols4 #hvo4 ---- 7,rev4 ,h4 ,g47 ,historical ,account of the ,forest of ,dean4 ,woodcuts1 c4 ,post #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ---- ,personalities of the ,forest of ,dean1 its successive ,officials1 ,gentry1 and ,commonalty4 ,post #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,nicolas' 7,,sir ,,harris7 ,historic ,peerage of ,england4 ,exhibiting the ,origin1 ,descent1 and ,present ,state of every ,title of ,peerage which has existed in this ,country since the ,conquest4 ,by ,,william ,,courthope4 #hvo4 #cjs4 ,,nimrod ,on the ,chace--,the ,turf--and ,the ,road4 ,reprinted from the ,quarterly ,review4 ,woodcuts4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,o',,connor',s 7,r47 ,field ,sports of ,france2 or1 ,hunting1 ,shooting1 and ,fishing on the ,continent4 ,woodcuts4 #abmo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,oxenham',s 7,,rev4 ,w47 ,english ,notes for ,latin ,elegiacs2 designed for early ,proficients in the ,art of ,latin ,versification1 with ,prefatory ,rules of ,composition in ,elegiac ,metre4 ,fourth ,edition4 #abmo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,paris' 7,dr47 ,philosophy in ,sport made ,science in ,earnest2 or1 the ,first ,principles of ,natural ,philosophy inculcated by aid of the ,toys and ,sports of ,youth4 ,ninth ,edition4 ,woodcuts4 ,post #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,peel',s 7,,sir ,,robert7 ,memoirs4 ,edited by ,,earl ,,stanhope and ,,mr4 ,,cardwell4 #b ,vols4 ,post #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 each4 ,,penn',s 7,,richard7 ,maxims and ,hints for an ,angler and ,chess-player4 ,new ,edition4 ,woodcuts4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 ,,penrose',s 7,f4 ,c47 ,principles of ,athenian ,architecture1 and the ,optical ,refinements exhibited in the ,construction of the ,ancient ,buildings at ,athens1 from a ,survey4 ,with #dj ,plates4 ,folio4 #el4 #es4 ,,percy',s 7,,john1 ,m4,d47 ,metallurgy of ,iron and ,steel2 or1 the ,art of ,extracting ,metals from their ,ores and adapting them to various purposes of ,manufacture4 ,illustrations4 #hvo4 #dbs4 ,,phillipp 7,,charles ,,spencer ,,march7 ,on ,jurisprudence4 #hvo4 #abs4 ,,phillips' 7,,john7 ,memoirs of ,william ,smith1 the ,geologist4 ,portrait4 #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ---- ,geology of ,yorkshire1 ,the ,coast1 and ,limestone ,district4 ,plates4 #dto4 ,part ,i41 #bjs4--,part ,,ii41 #cjs4 ---- ,rivers1 ,mountains1 and ,sea ,coast of ,yorkshire4 ,with ,essays on the ,climate1 ,scenery1 and ,ancient ,inhabitants4 ,second ,edition1 ,plates4 #hvo4 #aes4 ,,philpott',s 7,,bishop7 ,letters to the late ,charles ,butler1 on the ,theological parts of his ,book of the ,roman ,catholic ,church2 with ,remarks on certain ,works of ,dr4 ,milner and ,dr4 ,lingard1 and on some parts of the ,evidence of ,dr4 ,doyle4 ,second ,edition4 #hvo4 #afs4 ,,pope',s 7,,alexander7 ,life and ,works4 ,a ,new ,edition4 ,containing nearly #ejj unpublished ,letters4 ,edited with a ,,new ,,life1 ,introductions and ,notes4 ,by ,,rev4 ,,whitwell ,,elwin4 ,portraits4 #hvo4 7,in the ,press47 ,,porter',s 7,,rev4 ,j4 ,l47 ,five ,years in ,damascus4 ,with ,travels to ,palmyra1 ,lebanon and other ,scripture ,sites4 ,map and ,woodcuts4 #b ,vols4 ,post #hvo4 #bas4 ---- ,handbook for ,syria and ,palestine3 including an ,account of the ,geography1 ,history1 ,antiquities1 and ,inhabitants of these ,countries1 the ,peninsula of ,sinai1 ,edom1 and the ,syrian ,desert4 ,maps4 #b ,vols4 ,post #hvo4 #bds4 ,,prayer-,,book 7,the ,illustrated71 with #ajjj ,illustrations of ,borders1 ,initials1 ,vignettes1 c4 ,medium #hvo4 #ahs4 cloth2 #cas4 #f;d4 calf2 #cfs4 morrocco4 ,,precepts ,,for ,,the ,,conduct ,,of ,,life4 ,extracted from the ,scriptures4 ,second ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 ,,puss ,,in ,,boots4 ,with #ab ,illustrations4 ,by ,,otto ,,speckter4 ,coloured1 #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,quarterly ,,review 7,,the74 #hvo4 #fs4 ,,rambles in ,syria among the ,turkomans and ,bedaweens4 ,post #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,rawlinson',s 7,,rev4 ,,george7 ,herodotus4 ,a ,new ,english ,version4 ,edited with ,notes and ,essays4 ,assisted by ,,sir ,,henry ,,rawlinson and ,,sir ,j4 ,g4 ,,wilkinson4 ,second ,edition4 ,maps and ,woodcut4 #d ,vols4 #hvo4 #dhs4 ---- ,historical ,evidences of the truth of the ,scripture ,records stated anew4 ,second ,edition4 #hvo4 #ads4 ----,five ,great ,monarchies of the ,ancient ,world4 ,illustrations4 #d ,vols4 #hvo4 #afs4 each4 ,vols4 ,i4-,,ii41 ,chalda and ,assyria4 ,vols4 ,,iii4-,,iv41 ,babylon1 ,media1 and ,persia4 ,,rejected ,,addresses 7,,the74 ,by ,,james ,,and ,,horace ,,smith4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as41 or ,fine ,paper1 ,portrait1 fcap4 #hvo4 #es4 ,,rennie',s 7,d4 ,f47 ,british ,arms in ,peking1 #ahfj2 ,kagosima1 #ahfb4 ,post #hvo4 #abs4 ---- ,pekin and the ,pekinese3 ,narrative of a ,residence at the ,british ,embassy4 ,illustrations4 #b ,vols4 ,post #hvo4 ,,reynolds' 7,,sir ,,joshua7 ,his ,life and ,times4 ,commenced by ,c4 ,r4 ,,leslie1 ,r4,a41 and continued by ,,tom ,,taylor4 ,portraits and ,illustrations4 #b ,vols4 #hvo4 ,,ricardo',s 7,,david7 ,political ,works4 ,with a ,notice of his ,life and ,writings4 ,by ,j4 ,r4 ,m',,culloch4 ,new ,edition4 #hvo4 #afs4 ,,ripa',s 7,,father7 ,memoirs during ,thirteen ,years' ,residence at the ,court of ,peking4 ,from the ,italian4 ,post #hvo4 #bs4 ,,robertson',s 7,,canon7 ,history of the ,christian ,church1 from the ,apostolic ,age to the ,concordat of ,worms1 ,a4,d4 #aabc4 ,second ,edition4 #c ,vols4 #hvo4 #chs4 ,,robinson',s 7,,rev4 ,,dr47 ,biblical ,researches in the ,holy ,land4 ,being a ,journal of ,travels in #ahch and #aheb4 ,maps4 #c ,vols4 #hvo4 #des4 ---- ,physical ,geography of the ,holy ,land4 ,post #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,rome 7,,the ,,student',s ,,history ,,of74 ,,from ,,the ,,earliest ,,times ,,to ,,the ,,establishment ,,of ,,the ,,empire4 ,by ,,dean ,,liddell4 ,woodcuts4 ,post #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,rowland',s 7,,david7 ,manual of the ,english ,constitution2 ,its ,rise1 ,growth1 and ,present ,state4 ,post #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ---- ,laws of ,nature the ,foundation of ,morals4 ,post #hvo4 ,,rundell',s 7,,mrs47 ,domestic ,cookery1 adapted for ,private ,families4 ,new ,edition4 ,woodcuts4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #es4 ,,russell',s 7,j4 ,,rutherfurd1 ,m4,d47 ,art of ,medicine--,its ,history and its ,heroes4 ,portraits4 #hvo4 #ads4 ,,ruxton',s 7,,george ,f47 ,travels in ,mexico2 with ,adventures among the ,wild ,tribes and ,animals of the ,prairies and ,rocky ,mountains4 ,post #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,sale',s 7,,sir ,,robert7 ,brigade in ,affghanistan4 ,with an ,account of the ,defence of ,jellalabad4 ,by ,,rev4 ,g4 ,r4 ,,gleig4 ,post #hvo4 #bs4 ,,sandwith',s 7,,humphry7 ,siege of ,kars4 ,post #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,scott',s 7,g4 ,,gilbert7 ,secular and ,domestic ,architecture1 ,present and ,future4 ,second ,edition4 #hvo4 #is4 ---- 7,master of ,baliol7 ,university ,sermons4 ,post #hvo4 #hs4 #f;d4 ,,scrope',s 7,g4 ,p47 ,geology and ,extinct ,volcanoes of ,central ,france4 ,second ,edition4 ,illustrations4 ,medium #hvo4 #cjs4 ,,self-,,help4 ,with ,illustrations of ,character and ,conduct4 ,by ,,samuel ,,smiles4 #ejth ,thousand4 ,post #hvo4 #fs4 ,,senior',s 7,n4 ,w47 ,suggestions on ,popular ,education4 #hvo4 #is4 ,,shaftesbury 7,,lord ,,chancellor72 ,memoirs of his ,early ,life4 ,with his ,letters1 c4 ,by ,w4 ,d4 ,,christie4 ,portrait4 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,shaw',s 7,t4 ,b47 ,student's ,manual of ,english ,literature4 ,edited1 with ,notes and ,illustrations1 by ,,dr4 ,,wm4 ,,smith4 ,post #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ---- ,choice ,specimens of ,english ,literature4 ,selected from the ,chief ,english ,writers4 ,edited by ,,wm4 ,,smith1 ,,ll4,d4 ,post #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,sierra ,,leone2 ,described in ,letters to ,friends at ,home4 ,by ,a ,,lady4 ,post #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,simmons on ,courts-,martial4 #eth ,edition4 #hvo4 #ads4 ,,smiles' 7,,samuel7 ,lives of ,british ,engineers2 from the ,earliest ,period to the ,death of ,robert ,stephenson2 with an account of their ,principal ,works1 and a ,history of ,inland ,communication in ,britain4 ,portraits and ,illustrations4 #c ,vols4 #hvo4 #fcs4 ---- ,george and ,robert ,stephenson2 the ,story of their ,lives4 ,with ,portraits and #gj ,woodcuts4 ,post #hvo4 #fs4 ---- ,james ,brindley and the ,early ,engineers4 ,with ,portrait and #ej ,woodcuts4 ,post #hvo4 #fs4 ---- ,self-,help4 ,with ,illustrations of ,character and ,conduct4 ,post #hvo4 #fs4 ---- ,industrial ,biography3 ,iron-,workers and ,tool ,makers4 ,a companion volume to ,self-,help4 ,post #hvo4 #fs4 ---- ,workmen's ,earnings--,savings--and ,strikes4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,,somerville',s 7,,mary7 ,physical ,geography4 ,fifth ,edition4 ,portrait4 ,post #hvo4 #is4 ---- ,connexion of the ,physical ,sciences4 ,ninth ,edition4 ,woodcuts4 ,post #hvo4 #is4 ,,south',s 7,,john ,f47 ,household ,surgery2 or1 ,hints on ,emergencies4 ,seventeenth ,thousand4 ,woodcuts4 ,fcp4 #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,smith',s 7,,dr4 ,,wm47 ,dictionary of the ,bible2 its ,antiquities1 ,biography1 ,geography1 and ,natural ,history4 ,illustrations4 #c ,vols4 #hvo4 #ajes4 ---- ,greek and ,roman ,antiquities4 #bnd ,edition4 ,woodcuts4 #hvo4 #dbs4 ---- ,biography and ,mythology4 ,woodcuts4 #c ,vols4 #hvo4 #el4 #aes4 #f;d4 ---- ,geography4 ,woodcuts4 #b ,vols4 #hvo4 #hjs4 ---- ,classical ,dictionary of ,mythology1 ,biography1 and ,geography1 compiled from the above4 ,with #gej ,woodcuts4 #hvo4 #ahs4 ---- ,latin-,english ,dictionary4 #crd ,edition4 ,revised4 #hvo4 #bas4 ---- ,smaller ,classical ,dictionary4 ,woodcuts4 ,crown #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ---- ,dictionary of ,antiquities4 ,woodcuts4 ,crown #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ---- ,latin-,english ,dictionary4 #abmo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ---- ,latin-,english ,vocabulary2 for ,phdrus1 ,cornelius ,nepos1 and ,csar4 #bnd ,edition4 #abmo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ---- ,principia ,latina--,part ,i4 ,a ,grammar1 ,delectus1 and ,exercise ,book1 with ,vocabularies4 #fth ,edition4 #abmo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ---- ,part ,,ii4 ,a ,reading-book of ,mythology1 ,geography1 ,roman ,antiquities1 and ,history4 ,with ,notes and ,dictionary4 #crd ,edition4 #abmo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ---- ,part ,,iii4 ,a ,latin ,poetry ,book4 ,hexameters and ,pentameters2 ,eclog ,ovidian3 ,latin ,prosody1 c4 #bnd ,edition4 #abmo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ---- ,part ,,iv4 ,latin ,prose ,composition4 ,rules of ,syntax1 with ,examples1 ,explanations of ,synonyms1 and ,exercises on the ,syntax4 ,second ,edition4 #abmo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ---- ,student's ,greek ,grammar4 ,by ,professor ,,curtius4 ,post #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ---- ,latin ,grammar4 ,post #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ---- ,latin ,grammar4 ,abridged from the above4 #abmo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ---- ,smaller ,greek ,grammar4 ,abridged from ,curtius4 #abmo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,stanley',s 7,,dean7 ,sinai and ,palestine1 in ,connexion with their ,history4 ,map4 #hvo4 #afs4 ---- ,bible in the ,holy ,land4 ,woodcuts4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ---- ,st4 ,paul's ,epistles to the ,corinthians4 #hvo4 #ahs4 ---- ,eastern ,church4 ,plans4 #hvo4 #abs4 ---- ,jewish ,church4 ,vol4 #a4 ,,abraham ,,to ,,samuel4 ,plans4 #hvo4 #afs4 ---- ,vol4 #b4 ,,samuel ,,to ,,the ,,captivity4 #hvo4 #afs4 ---- ,historical ,memorials of ,canterbury4 ,woodcuts4 ,post #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ---- ,sermons in the ,east1 with ,notices of the ,places ,visited4 #hvo4 #is4 ---- ,sermons on ,evangelical and ,apostolical ,teaching4 ,post #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ---- ,,addresses ,,and ,,charges ,,of ,,bishop ,,stanley4 ,with ,memoir4 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,wellington',s 7,,the ,,duke ,,of7 ,despatches during his various ,campaigns4 ,compiled from ,official and other ,authentic ,documents4 ,by ,,col4 ,,gurwood1 ,c4,b4 #h ,vols4 #hvo4 #bas4 each4 ---- ,supplementary ,despatches1 and other ,papers4 ,edited by his ,,son4 ,vols4 ,i4 to ,,xii4 #hvo4 #bjs4 each4 ---- ,selections from his ,despatches and ,general ,orders4 ,by ,,colonel ,,gurwood4 #hvo4 #ahs4 ---- ,speeches in ,parliament4 #b ,vols4 #hvo4 #dbs4 ,,wilkinson',s 7,,sir ,j4 ,g47 ,popular ,account of the ,private ,life1 ,manners1 and ,customs of the ,ancient ,egyptians4 ,new ,edition4 ,revised and ,condensed4 ,with #ejj ,woodcuts4 #b ,vols4 ,post #hvo4 #abs4 ---- ,handbook for ,egypt4--,thebes1 the ,nile1 ,alexandria1 ,cairo1 the ,pyramids1 ,mount ,sinai1 c4 ,map4 ,post #hvo4 #aes4 ---- 7,g4 ,b47 ,working ,man's ,handbook to ,south ,australia2 with ,advice to the ,farmer1 and ,detailed ,information for the several ,classes of ,labourers and ,artisans4 ,map4 #ahmo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,,wilson',s 7,,bishop ,,daniel7 ,life1 with ,extracts from his ,letters and ,journals4 ,by ,rev4 ,,josiah ,,bateman4 ,second ,edition4 ,illustrations4 ,post #hvo4 #is4 ---- 7,,genl4 ,,sir ,,robert7 ,secret ,history of the ,french ,invasion of ,russia1 and ,retreat of the ,french ,army1 #ahab4 ,second ,edition4 #hvo4 #aes4 ---- ,private ,diary of ,travels1 ,personal ,services1 and ,public ,events1 during ,missions and ,employments in ,spain1 ,sicily1 ,turkey1 ,russia1 ,poland1 ,germany1 c4 #ahab-ad4 #b ,vols4 #hvo4 #bfs4 ---- ,autobiographical ,memoirs4 ,containing an ,account of his ,early ,life down to the ,peace of ,tilsit4 ,portrait4 #b ,vols4 #hvo4 #bfs4 ,,wordsworth',s 7,,canon7 ,journal of a ,tour in ,athens and ,attica4 ,third ,edition4 ,plates4 ,post #hvo4 #hs4 #f;d4 ---- ,pictorial1 ,descriptive1 and ,historical ,account of ,greece1 with a ,history of ,greek ,art1 by ,g4 ,,scharf1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,new ,edition4 ,with #fjj ,woodcuts4 ,royal #hvo4 #bhs4 ,,wornum 7,,ralph74 ,a ,biographical ,dictionary of ,italian ,painters3 with a ,table of the ,contemporary ,schools of ,italy4 ,by a ,,lady4 ,post #hvo4 #fs4 #f;d4 ,,bradbury ,,and ,,evans1 ,,printers1 ,,whitefriars4 ,footnotes #a3 ,it may be satisfactory to others to know the opinion of so undeniable an authority as ,colonel ,hawker4 ,the ,colonel1 in the ,tenth ,edition of his invaluable ,book on ,shooting1 writes1 7page #bhe7--,since the publication of the last edition1 ,lieutenant-,col4 ,hutchinson's valuable work on ',dog-breaking' has appeared4 ,it is a perfect vade mecum for both ,sportsmen and ,keeper1 and ,i have great pleasure in giving a cordial welcome to a ,work which so ably supplies my own deficiencies4 #b3 ,rounded1 too1 at the extremities--the outer feathers not being the longest--a formation adverse to rapid flight4 ,the extreme outer feather of young birds is pointed1 and1 until late in the season1 accompanies soft quills1 weak brown beaks1 and yellow legs4 ,these 7beaks and legs7 become grey on maturity1 or rather of the bluish hue of ,london milk--and the quills get white and hard--facts which should be attended to by those who are making a selection for the table4 ,hold an old and a young bird by their under beaks between your fore-finger and thumb1 and you will soon see how little1 comparatively1 the old beak yields to the weight4 ,this rule applies equally to grouse1 the legs of which birds when young are not much feathered1 but late in the season it is difficult to determine their age4 ,yet a knowing hand will find a difference1 the old birds' legs will still be the more feathered of the two2 and its feet will be more worn and extended4 ,if you spread open the wing of any game-bird1 you will find the upper part 7near the second joint7 more or less bare4 ,the less that part is covered with feathers the younger is the bird4 ,a poulterer once told me that at the end of the season he judged much of the age of birds by the appearance of their heads4 ,ware sunken eyes1 and tainted or discoloured vents--they have been too long out of the kitchen4 #c3 ,the following facts are strong evidences of the correctness of this assertion4 ,late in the season far more grouse than ought to be are shot by gunners1 to use an ,american expression1--true sportsmen ,i can hardly term them--who conceal themselves in large stooks of grain1 to fire at the birds which come from the hills to feed2 and1 curious to say1 several shots are often obtained before the pack takes wing4 ,the first few reports frequently no more alarm them1 than to make the most cautious of the number jump up to look around1 when1 observing nothing that ought to intimidate them1 they recommence feeding4 ,by commencing with the undermost birds1 the ,americans sometimes shoot in daylight all the ,partridges 7as they erroneously call them7 roosting on a tree2 and poachers in this country1 by making a similar selection1 often kill at night 7using diminished charges7 several ,pheasants before those that are on the topmost branches fly away4 ,a strong breeze much favours the poacher by diminishing the chance of the birds much hearing him4 #d3 ,but from his very infancy you ought not to have allowed him to be disobedient4 ,you should have made him know--which he will do nearly intuitively--that a whip can punish him1 though he ought never to have suffered from it4 ,i have heard of pups only four months old being made quite au fait to the preliminary drill here recommended4 ,this early exercise of their intelligence and observation must have benefited them4 ,the questionable point is the unnecessary consumption of the instructor's time4 #e3 ,it may be fancy1 but ,i have imagined that coveys hatched near railway stations have less than other birds regarded the sportsman's whistle4 #f3 ,this is one reason for giving initiatory lessons in the ,toho before the ,drop4 ,another is that the dog may acquire the ,toho before he has run the chance of being cowed in learning the ,drop4 ,if the latter were taught first1 he might confound the ,toho with it4 #g3 ,i know of a young man's reading the first edition of this book1 and taking it into his head to teach his ,terrier to point according to the method just recommended4 ,he succeeded perfectly4 ,some ,terriers have been made very useful for cover shooting4 #h3 ,there is often such a similarity in the names of hounds1 that a person cannot but be much struck1 who for the first time sees them go to their meals1 one by one as they are called4 #i3 ,it would expedite matters much if the groom did this while you remained near the pony to feed him1 or vice vers4 #aj3 ,imitative creatures6 who can doubt it8 ,if you make an old dog perform a trick several times in the sight of a young one who is watching the proceedings1 you will be surprised to see how quickly the young one will learn the trick1 especially if he has seen that the old dog was always rewarded for his obedience4 #aa3 ,obedience to all such signals will hereafter be taught out of doors at gradually increased distances3 and to confirm him in the habit of sniffing high in the air 7#da7 for whatever you may then hide1 put the bread or meat on a stick or bush1 but never in a hedge 7#age74 ,with the view to his some day retrieving1 as instanced in #bgg1 it will be your aim to get him not to seek immediately1 but to watch your signals1 until by obeying them you will have placed him close to where the object lies1 at which precise moment you will say energetically ,find1 and cease making any further signs4 #ab3 ,the least comprehensive and logical of the expressions1 yet one often used4 ,a dog being no critical grammarian1 understands it to apply to fur as well as feather4 #ac3 ,with a resolute1 reckless1 dashing dog you may advantageously employ a thinner cord of double that length1--whereas1 the shortest line will sometimes prevent a timid animal from ranging freely4 ,by-the-bye1 the thinner the cord the more readily does it become entangled1--as a rule1 a checkcord cannot be too firmly twisted1--a soft one quickly gets knotted and troublesome4 7,see note to #bfb47 #ad3 ,the printer finds this note on covers1 shooting1 and loading1 so long that he will place it in an ,appendix4 #ae3 ,these fetch immense fancy prices when well shaped1--black and tan1 without a single white hair1 and long eared4 ,but this breed is nearly useless to the sportsman1 whereas the ,blenheim is a lively diligent little fellow in light cover1 and from his diminutive size threads his way through low thick brushwood more readily than might at first be imagined1 being incited to great perseverance by a most enthusiastic enjoyment of the scent4 ,in strong high turnips1 he is employed with much advantage to spring the partridge4 ,he creeps under1 where a larger dog would be constantly jumping4 #af3 ,for the benefit of those who have the good fortune1 or the bad fortune1 as the case may be1 of always living within the sound of ,bow bells1 ,flick1 be it observed1 is a synonym for ,fur1 thereby meaning ,hare1 or ,rabbit4 #ag3 ,but when the moors are covered with snow1 poachers1 who emerge in bands from the mines1 often put a shirt over their clothes1 and manage to approach grouse at a time when a fair sportsman cannot get a shot2 but this is the only occasion on which one uniform colour could be advantageous4 ,a mass of any single colour always catches1 and arrests the eye4 ,nature tells us this2 animals that browse1 elephants1 buffaloes1 and large deer1 as well as those which can escape from their enemies by speed1 are mostly of one colour4 ,on the contrary1 the tiger kind1 snakes1 and all that lie in wait for1 and seize their prey by stealth1 wear a garment of many colours1 so do the smaller animals and most birds1 which are saved from capture by the inability of their foes to distinguish them from the surrounding foliage or herbage4 ,the uniform of our rifle corps is too much of one hue4 #ah3 ,a drier and cleaner article than you may suppose1 and which can be carried not inconveniently in a ,mackintosh1 or oil-skin bag1--a toilet sponge bag4 #ai3 ,if a retriever has the opportunity1 while prowling about1 of gnawing hare or rabbit-skins thrown aside by a slovenly cook1 it will not be unnatural in him1 when he is hungry1 to wish to appropriate to himself the hide1 if not the interior of the animals he is lifting4 #bj3 ,this reasoning obviously does not apply to the retrievers employed in those battues where rapid slaughter is the order of the day1--where the sportsmen do not condescend to charge their own guns1 but are constantly supplied with relays of loaded arms4 #ba3 ,i once had a pointer pup whose dam was broken in 7after a fashion7 and regularly shot to when seven months old4 ,without injury to her constitution1 she could not have been hunted for more than an hour or two at a time4 ,she ought not to have been taken to the held for regular use until fully a year old4 #bb3 ,i often shoot over a setter bitch 7belonging to one of my relations7 that has capital feet1 but is very defective across the loins4 ,she is extremely fast1 and a brilliant performer for half a day2 but she then shuts up completely4 ,a little rest1 however1 soon brings her round for another half day's brilliant work4 ,unless a dog is particularly light in body1 bad feet quickly scald upon heath or stubble1 and they are longer getting round1 than is a bad loined dog in recovering from a day's fatigue4 #bc3 ,a trick that historical research probably would show to have been devised in a conclave of house-maids1 and which was constantly performed by one of my oldest acquaintances1 ,little-brush1 a worthy son of the ,dearest-of-men1 as he used to be called by his fond mistress1 who1 ,i need not say1 had no children of her own on whom to lavish her caresses4 #bd3 ,it is astonishing what myriads of fleas are bred in the sand in many hot countries4 ,when walking along some of the roads during the spring1 numbers of the little creatures will pay you the compliment of attaching themselves to your dress and person4 ,at ,bermuda they so regularly make their appearance with the whales1 that the ,niggers think there must be some intimate1 however mysterious1 connexion between the two4 ,in ,india the natives expel the intruders from their houses by strewing fresh saffron leaves about the rooms2 and a decoction from these said leaves1 applied liberally to a dog's coat1 rids him of the unwelcome visitors1 however numerous4 ,i have read that the same good effect will be produced if his hair be well wetted with a solution of the gum of the sloe-tree in water4 ,fourteen grains of the gum to one quart of water4 ,the capture of the whale1 by-the-bye1 at ,bermuda1 affords sport as exciting as it is profitable4 ,the fish are struck within sight of the ,islands1 and as the water is shoal1 owing to sandbanks1 a short line is employed4 ,by this line the stricken animal tows the harpooner's boat along with fearful rapidity1 an immense wave curling far above the high bow4 ,the flesh of the young whale is excellent1--very like veal1--and with the black population the whaling season is one of great feasting and enjoyment4 ,by a colonial law no charge can be made for the flesh of the fish4 ,every comer has a right to carry off as much of the meat as he may require1 but no blubber4 ,on a whale being killed1 a well-known signal1 hoisted at the several look-out posts1 quickly informs the coloured inhabitants of the successful seizure1 and whether it has been effected at the north or south side4 ,numerous claimants then hurry off1 on foot or in boat1 to secure a sufficiency for several days' consumption1 of a food they prize far more than beef or mutton4 ,what is not immediately used is cut into strips1 and dried in the sun4 #be3 ,in ordinary seasons immediately after ,st4 ,valentine's ,day1--before the birds have made their nests4 #bf3 ,leeward--a nautical phrase--here meaning the side towards which the wind blows from the field4 ,if you entered elsewhere1 the dog while ranging would be tempted1 from the natural bearing of his nose towards the wind1 to come back upon you1 making his first turn inwards instead of outwards4 #bg3 ,but1 independently of these obvious reasons1 scent is affected by causes into the nature of which none of us can penetrate4 ,there is a contrariety in it that ever has puzzled1 and apparently ever will puzzle1 the most observant sportsman 7whether a lover of the chase or gun71 and therefore1 in ignorance of the doubtless immutable1 though to us inexplicable1 laws by which it is regulated1 we are contented to call it capricious4 ,immediately before heavy rain there frequently is none4 ,it is undeniable that moisture will at one time destroy it1--at another bring it4 ,that on certain days--in slight frost1 for instance1--setters will recognise it better than pointers1 and1 on the other hand1 that the nose of the latter will prove far superior after a long continuance of dry weather1 and this even when the setter has been furnished with abundance of water1--which circumstance pleads in favour of hunting pointers and setters together4 ,the argument against it1 is the usual inequality of their pace1 and1 to the eye of some sportsmen1 the want of harmony in their appearance4 ,should not this uncertainty respecting the recognition of scent teach us not to continue hunting a good dog who is frequently making mistakes1 but rather to keep him at heel for an hour or two8 ,he will consider it a kind of punishment1 and be doubly careful when next enlarged4 ,moreover1 he may be slightly feverish from overwork1 or he may have come in contact with some impurity1--in either of which cases his nose would be temporarily out of order4 #bh3 ,there are sportsmen who aver that a setter's falling instead of standing is advantageous1 as it does not so much alarm the birds4 #bi3 ,provided always he be not perpetually pointing1 as occasionally will happen--and is the more likely to happen if he has been injudiciously taught as a puppy to set chickens1 and has thereby acquired the evil habit of standing by eye2 which1 however1 may have made him a first-rate hand at pointing crows4 #cj3 ,with the understanding that the pace does not make him shut up before the day is over4 #ca3 ,the more resolute a dog is1 the more pains should be taken1 before he is shown game1 to perfect him in the instant drop 7#bf71 however far off he may be ranging4 #cb3 ,the mention of quails taking to trees recalls to my recollection a novel light infantry manoeuvre 7for the exact particulars of which ,i will not1 however1 positively pledge myself17 that was conceived with such admirable rapidity by the commanding officer on an occasion of great emergency1 and executed with such wonderful celerity by the troops under him1 that ,i hope my professional partialities will be allowed to excuse my describing it4 ,bermuda1 the blest little island1 as the fascinating ,tommy ,moore styles her1 although now well supplied with all the necessaries of life1 especially since the improvements in husbandry1 introduced by its late excellent governor1 ,colonel ,r----d 7now ,sir ,william71 was formerly but little better provided with fresh meat than a man-of-war victualled for a six months' cruise4 ,at the time ,i allude to there were but few cows1 and only one bull on the islands2 and what made matters more disagreeable1 it had been slanderously reported of the strange beast that he was an awfully vicious animal4 ,it is certain that he bellowed fearfully4 ,the inhabitants 7who have always been highly esteemed by those who know them7 though they were not at that period as well fed with the roast beef of old ,england as when ,i was recently quartered among them1 were1 notwithstanding1 a right loyal set1 and prided themselves greatly upon their efficient militia4 ,on a hot day1--as are most of their days1--when these good soldiers were at drill under their esteemed commander--let us say1 ,col4 ,o----e1--a breathless messenger ran up to him as he was mounted on his grey charger in front of the steady line1 and uttered some mysterious words4 ,the gallant colonel's countenance assumed a look of deep anxiety1--for an instant his cheek blanched1--his lip quivered3--but quickly rallying1 he abandoned his horse1 and with infinite presence of mind1 gave in unfaltering accents the order1 ,gentlemen1 tree yourselves1--,moll ,burgess's ,bull is loose4 ,precept and example were here happily combined1 and the able commander was among the first to find safety in the topmost branches of a neighbouring cedar4 ,military annals record no instance of more prompt1 zealous obedience4 #cc3 ,this dispersion of scent in the atmosphere explains why a dog who carries his head high finds more game than a dog who hunts with his nose near the ground4 #cd3 ,when quartered1 years ago1 in ,county ,wexford1 ,i used frequently to see a fine strong-knit1 well-built horse1 who could never see me--for he was stone-blind2 yet1 odd to say1 all his progeny had capital eyes4#a ,he had rather a queer temper1 as his name1 ,restless1 partly implied4 ,during the spring he was led about the country1 and what is very surprising1 there was always a fight to get him past the lane or gate leading to any farm-house where his services had ever before been required4 ,as it is certain that he was perfectly blind1 no faculty we can believe him to be possessed of1 unless it be memory1 will explain how1 at such long intervals1 he could recognise the many different places so accurately2 and if it be attributable to memory1 that of the ,senior ,wrangler of ,cambridge's best year can in no way be compared with it4 #a ,this is the more singular1 as1 from unexplained causes1 diseases of that organ are but too common in ,ireland4 ,one veterinary surgeon attributed it to the dampness of the climate4 ,his young ,english horses suffered while at ,cork as much as his ,irish ones4 #ce3 ,indeed1 through a merciful dispensation1 it seems to be ordained1 that no animal 7in the general course of nature7 shall die a lingering1 painful death from starvation1 but shall serve for the nourishment of others before his body becomes attenuated from want4 #cf3 ,numerous accounts have been given of the voracity of the pike4 ,k----g told me of a very remarkable instance1 and one which clearly shows that fish do not always suffer so much torture when hooked as many suppose4 ,he was spinning a gudgeon for pike in the river ,stour1 near ,chilham1 having bent on four large hooks1 back to back1 and a large lip-hook4 ,he was run at by a pike1 which he struck1 but the line unfortunately breaking1 the fish carried off fully four yards of it1 together with half a yard of gimp1 two large swivels1 and a lead4 ,k----g put on fresh tackle and bait4 ,at the very first cast he was run at again1 and succeeded in landing the fish1 which weighed #ab lbs4 ,to ,k----g's great surprise1 he observed the lost line1 swivel1 and lead hanging out of its mouth1 while1--apparently not much to the animal's discomfort1--the bait and hooks quietly reposed in its interior4 ,on turning the gullet inside out1 ,k----g found the bait so uninjured that he again fastened it to his line along with the recovered tackle1 and actually caught another pike weighing #d lbs41 and a perch of #b lbs41 with the very gudgeon that had been in the stomach of the large pike for nearly a quarter of an hour4 ,those who are fond of trolling for trout would not find their time thrown away in reading ,wheatley's novel hints on all kinds of spinning baits4 ,his ,rod and ,line is an excellent little book4 #cg3 ,there are poulterers who would pare such a spur to diminish the appearance of age4 ,the shorter and blunter the spur1 and the smoother the leg1 the younger is the bird4 ,dr4 ,kitchener1 who appears not to have had much luck in stumbling upon well-fed pheasants1 avers that they have not the flavour of barn-door fowls if they are cooked before they drop from the single tail feather by which1 he says1 they should be hung up in the larder2 or1 rather1 he advises that two pheasants should be suspended by one feather until both fall4 ,birds of full1 beautiful plumage gratify the eye more than the palate4 ,it is an indication of age in all sorts of birds4 ,the hens are the tenderest4 ,on the body of birds1 immediately under the wing1 there is what keepers often call1 the condition vein4 ,the more fat and yellow that appears1 the higher is the condition of the animal4 ,blow aside the feathers of a snipe2 and if the flesh is nearly black the bird wants condition1--it should be white4 #ch3 ,on the #gth of ,july1 #ahcf1 his kennel was put up to auction1 when three of his setters fetched1 severally1 seventy-two1 sixty1 and fifty-six guineas4 ,two puppies brought fifteen guineas each1--and two of his retrievers1 ,bess and ,diver1 forty-six and forty-two guineas4 #ci3 ,entitled1 ,field ,sports in the ,united ,states and ,british ,provinces1 by ,frank ,forester4 #dj3 ,a rule to be followed whenever you employ relays of braces4 #da3 ,that price was named in the ,table of ,contents of the first edition4 #db3 ,it is admitted1 however1 that they are often difficult animals to manage2 for the least hastiness on the part of the instructor may create a distrust that he will find it very hard to remove4 #dc3 ,the first day for killing blackcock4 #dd3 ,if painted white it will be the more readily seen and trodden on1--a step advisable preparatory to seizing it1 or an ungloved hand may suffer should the dog be ranging rapidly4 #de3 ,should they 7unluckily for the lesson7 run1 you must endeavour to manage as detailed in #bhe4 #df3 ,as he acquires experience he will wish to rise the moment he observes that your loading is completed4 ,do not allow him to move1 however correctly he may have judged the time4 ,let his rising be always in obedience to signal or word4 ,you may occasionally make a mistake in charging1 or your friend may not load as expeditiously as yourself4 #dg3 ,never being allowed to grip conduces so much to making him tender-mouthed1 that1 should he hereafter be permitted to lift his game1 it is probable he will deliver it up perfectly uninjured4 #dh3 ,oftener practicable on heather than on stubble4 #di3 ,in order to work in silence1 ,i advised 7,,xi4 of #ada7 that the signal to heel1 whenever the dog could observe it1 should supersede the word dead4 ,it might be necessary to sing out with a boatswain's voice should the dog be far off4 #ej3 ,which becomes white in a severe winter1--a regular ermine2 the only one of the weazel-tribe that does so in ,england4 #ea3 ,this note on the subject of trapping1 and keeper's vermin-dogs1 c41 is so long that the printer has placed it in an ,appendix4 ,page ,header3 ,,education ,,of ,,cheeta4 #eb3 ,the cheeta invariably selects the buck1 passing by the nearer does and fawns4 ,i never saw but one instance to the contrary4 ,on that occasion the cheeta endeavoured to secure what appeared to be his easiest victim--a young fawn2 but the little creature twisted and doubled so rapidly1 that it escaped perfectly uninjured4 ,the turbaned keeper1 greatly surprised1 begged the spectators to remain at a respectful distance while he proceeded to secure the panting1 baffled animal4 ,the caution was not unnecessary2 for the disappointed beast1 though usually very tractable1 struck at the man's arm and tore it4 ,on examination a large thorn was found in one of the animal's fore-paws1 which fully explained the cause of his not bounding after the lord of the herd1 when he had1 in cat-like manner1 stealthily crawled as near as any intervening bushes would afford concealment4 ,this preliminary part of the affair is at times very tedious2 the rest is quickly settled3 for the wondrous springs of the cheeta 7whose form then so apparently dilates1#a that the observer1 if a novice1 starts in the belief that he suddenly sees a royal tiger7 soon exhaust him1 which accounts for his always creeping as near as possible before openly commencing his attack4 ,the education of the cheeta is no less progressive than that of the dog2 and whatever patience the latter may require from his instructor1 the former demands far greater2 not so much from want of docility1 as from the nearly total absence of all the feelings of attachment so conspicuous in the canine race4 ,the cubs when they are very young are stolen from the rocky fastnesses where they are usually bred4 ,they are immediately hooded1 and allowed no other exercise than what they can take when they are led about by their keeper4 ,while he is feeding them1 he invariably shouts in a peculiar key4 ,in a month or so their eager looks1 animated gestures1 and possibly cheerful purring1 testify that they comprehend its import as fully as a hungry young ensign does the roast beef of old ,england4 ,they are then slightly chained1 each to a separate bandy 7bullock-cart71 and habituated to its motion4 ,they are always fed during the drive4 ,they thus learn to expect a good meal in the course of their airing4 ,after a time the keeper1 instead of feeding a promising pupil while he is a prisoner1 goes to a little distance from the bandy and utters the singular cries now so joyfully heard1 upon which--an attendant slipping off the chain and hood--the liberated cheeta runs to his trainer to be fed4 ,by degrees this is done at increased distances4 ,he is always conducted back to the carriage by the keeper's dragging at the lump of meat of which the animal retains a firm hold4 ,the next step is for the man again to commence feeding near the cart1 but without making any noise1--the removal of the hood being the only thing that tells the spotted beast to look about him for his dinner4 ,the last step is the substitution of a kid or wounded antelope1 for the keeper with his provision basket1 when it rarely happens that nature's strong instinct does not make the cheeta seize with eagerness the proffered prey4 ,his education is now completed2 but for many months he is never unhooded at a herd unless the driver has managed to get the cart within a very favouring distance4 ,the cheeta knocks over the buck with a blow of his paw on the hind-quarters1 given so rapidly that the eye cannot follow the motion1 and then grasps him firmly by the throat2 nor will he quit hold of the windpipe as long as the prostrate animal can make the slightest struggle for breath4 ,this affords the keeper ample time to cut off a limb1 which he thrusts against the cheeta's nose1 and as soon as the still quivering dainty tempts him to grasp it1 he is again led off to his cart4 ,he is then further rewarded with a drink of warm blood taken from the inside of the antelope1 and the scene concludes by the carcass being strapped under the bandy4 #a ,a dealer often says in praise of a small horse1--and great praise it is--,you may fancy him a little one now1 but wait till you see him move1 and then you'll think him a big one4 #ec3 ,many think that grouse feed more down wind than partridges4 #ed3 ,a pace that keeps the sportsman at a brisk walk is obviously the best4 ,it is very annoying to be unable1 by any quiet encouragement1 to get a dog to road as rapidly as you wish--an annoyance often experienced with naturally timid dogs1 or with those which have been overpunished4 #ee3 ,suwarrow's manoeuvre 7#ecj7 clearly shows the true reason4 #ef3 ,the speed with which one of these extremely beautiful1 but in every other respect far1 far inferior partridges will run1 when only slightly wounded1 is quite marvellous4 #eg3 ,the force of the word ,dead 7preceding the command ,find7--that joyous1 exciting note of triumph--ought never to be lessened by being employed1 as ,i have heard it1 to stimulate a dog to hunt when no bird is down2 or1 like the shepherd-boy's cry of ,wolf6 wolf6 it will have little influence at the moment when it should most animate to unremitting exertions4 #eh3 ,after a touseling you may have observed the dog rubbing his nose in the grass4 ,he did right4 ,i have lately had reason to think that when from the absence of grass a dog could not effectually wipe his nose1 the fine down adhering to it has for some time interfered with the delicacy and discrimination of his olfactory organs4 ,he got too near his birds before acknowledging them4 ,would you be shocked if ,i asked you to assist him occasionally in freeing his nostrils from the offending feathers8 #ei3 ,in favour of such unsportsman-like haste they ingeniously argue that a continued noise after firing makes birds lie1 from attracting their attention4 ,they say that a sudden change to quiet 7and a great change it must be1 for a chasseur is always talking7 alarms the birds4 ,as an evidence of this1 they adduce the well-known fact of its frequently happening that a partridge gets up the moment the guns have left the spot1 though no previous noise had induced it to stir4 #fj3 ,had you lost the bird from there being but little scent1 it is probable you might have found it by renewing your search on your return homewards in the evening4 ,if a runner1 it would most likely have rejoined the covey4 #fa3 ,toho1 rather than ,drop1--your object now being to make him stand at1 and prevent his mouthing game2 for you are satisfied that he would have down charged had the bird been missed4 #fb3 ,of course1 with the proviso that he is not pointing at another bird 7#bgd74 #fc3 ,lest the cord should cut the turnip-tops1 it might be better to employ the elastic band spoken of in #fj4 #fd3 ,a superior dog on grouse more easily becomes good on partridge than a superior partridge-dog becomes good on grouse4 ,grouse run so much1 both when they are pairing1 and after the first flight of the young pack1 that a dog broken on them has necessarily great practice in roading1 7roading1 too1 with the nose carried high to avoid strong heather--a valuable instructor71 whereas the dog broken on partridge often becomes impatient1 and breaks away when he first finds grouse4 ,the former dog1 moreover1 will learn not to break fence1 and the necessity of moderating his pace when hunting stubbles and turnips1 sooner than the latter will acquire the extensive fast beat so desirable on heather1 where he can work for hours uninterrupted by hedge1 ditch1 or furrow2 making casts to the right and left a quarter of a mile in length4 ,first impressions are as strong in puppyhood as in childhood2 therefore the advantage of having such ground to commence on must be obvious4 ,there are1 however1 favoured spots in ,perthshire1 c41 where game so abounds that close rangers are as necessary as when hunting in ,england4 ,alas6 even the grouse-dog will take far too quickly to hedge-hunting and pottering when on the stubbles4 ,it is1 of course1 presumed that he is broken from chasing hare--a task his trainer must have found difficult 7though none are ever shot to him7 from the few that1 comparatively speaking1 his pupil could have seen4 ,independently1 however1 of want of pace and practice in roading1 it never would be fair to take a dog direct from the ,lowlands to contend on the ,highlands with one habituated to the latter1--and vice vers1 for the stranger would always be placed to great disadvantage4 ,a faint scent of game which the other would instantly recognise1 he would not acknowledge from being wholly unaccustomed to it4 ,sometimes1 however1 a grouse-dog of a ticklish temper will not bear being constantly called to on breaking fence4 ,a fine1 free ranging pointer1 belonging to one of the brothers ,h----y1 when brought to an enclosed county1 became quite subdued and dispirited4 ,he could not stand the rating he received for bounding over the hedges1 and he evidently derived no enjoyment from the sport1 though there were plenty of birds4 ,on returning to the ,highlands1 he quite recovered his animation and perseverance4 ,he added another to the many evidences that dogs are most attached to1 and at home on1 the kind of country they first hunted4 #fe3 ,the ears of young hares tear readily2 and there is a gristly substance1 larger than half a pea1 at the end of the shank-bone of the fore-leg1 just above the joint1 which departs with youth4 ,their smooth1 close1 sharp claws disappear afterwards2 and when quite old their jaw-bones become so strong as not to yield and crack to the strongest pressure of your fingers4 ,when you observe that the carving knife performs the part of curling-tongs1 prefer a help from the birds at the top of the table4 ,ditto1 ditto1 in all particulars1 with regard to rabbits4 #ff3 ,this appears extremely cruel2 remember1 however1 that ,i entreated you to abstain entirely from shooting hares2 but if you would not make this sacrifice1 at least only to fire at those which you were likely to kill outright 7#ccb74 #fg3 ,thus greatly improving it for table4 ,the cook who first thought of breaking the legs of birds1 and dragging out the sinews1 ought to be immortalized4 ,the first person ,i saw practising the feat was an admirable black man-cook1 in the ,west ,indies3 he was preparing turkeys for a large supper2 and1 to my great surprise1 ,i saw him take up each bird1 cut the skin in front of and about the middle of its legs1 crack the bone across that part with a blow of the knife2 then stick the sinews of the foot on a hook fixed high against the wall1 seize firm hold of the thigh of the turkey1 give a sudden powerful pull1 and leave the lower part of the leg1 with a large body of sinews1 perfectly stripped of all flesh1 suspended on the hook4 #fh3 ,a singular evidence of the influence of example was furnished by a favourite charger belonging to the father of the present ,lord ,g----d4 ,as a reward for gallant service1 she had been turned out for life1 when only seven years old1 on the banks of the ,shannon4 ,she had a shed to run into1 and plenty of hay in winter4 ,it pleased her1 in all seasons1 daily to have a swim in the river4 ,year after year colts were turned out on the same grass4 ,all these1 following the example set them by the mare1 voluntarily took to the water1 and gradually became expert swimmers4 ,until within a short time of her death1 and she attained the unusual age of forty-three1 she continued to bathe2 and ,i have heard that she was evidently much puzzled and vexed whenever from the stream being frozen she could not get her plunge4 ,she would walk a little way on the ice1 but finding it too slippery1 unwillingly return4 #fi3 ,the continuation of the vertebr of the back1 and clearly1 therefore1 an indication of their substance4 ,query--,was it because our grandfathers knew that a tail naturally short was a pledge of stamina1 that they endeavoured to imitate it by docking their horses and pointers8 ,curiously enough1 the points named in #cfd as desirable in a dog are considered good in a horse4 ,in portraits of the useful old ,english hunter1 you never see a feeble1 flexible neck1--it is desirable that it should be arched1--a dog's neck also should be sufficiently strong1 and put on high4 ,neither horse nor dog should have large fleshy heads1--and a full bright eye is in both a sign of spirit and endurance4 ,the canon bone in a horse should be short1 so ought the corresponding bone of a dog's leg2 and every joint ought to be large1 yet clean2 and 7without a bull7 the short ribs in both animals should be long4 ,there are hardy horses whose flesh you cannot bring down without an amount of work that is injurious to their legs1--there are also thrifty dogs which are constantly too fat1 unless they are almost starved1 and common sense tells us they cannot be so starved without their strength being much reduced4 ,the analogy does not hold with respect to ears1 for it is generally considered that the dog's should be soft and drooping1 lying close to his head--not short and ever in motion4 ,moreover1 most men would wish his muzzle to be broad as well as long4 ,our eye is so accustomed to the sight of weeds1--animals bred for short-lived speed1 not for endurance1--that we no longer look for1 and possibly do not properly appreciate1 the short back 7though long body71 with scarcely room for a saddle2 and the width between the upper part of the shoulder-blades 7as well as the lower7--the indication of space within--upon which points our forefathers justly set great value4 ,we forget its being mentioned of ,eclipse1 whose endurance is as undeniable as his speed1 that he had a shoulder broad enough to carry a firkin of butter1--and that ,stubb's portraits of winners 7of races four and occasionally six miles long67 show that they possessed powerfully muscular1 as well as slanting shoulders4 ,the frame of a clever ,welsh1 or ,new ,forest pony1 if his head is set on at a considerable angle with his neck1 is perfection4 ,it might with profit be studied by any youngster wishing to form his eye1 and know what1 on an enlarged scale1 should be the build of a real hunter1--an animal fitted for every kind of work4 ,the ,arabs so much prize a short back and lengthy quarters1 that they have a proverb to the effect that a horse which measures the same from the hip-bone to the end of his croupe1 that he does from the hip-bone to the withers1 is a blessing to his master4 ,another assertion of theirs is1 that all their fastest horses measure less from the middle of the withers to the setting on of the tail1 than they do from the middle of the withers to the extremity of the nose1 or rather extremity of the upper lip4 ,this measurement is supposed to be taken along the crest of the neck1 over the forelock1 and between the eyes4 ,it is sometimes so difficult to get a horse into condition1 and the following recipe1 given me by an old cavalry officer who is an excellent stable-master1 is so admirable1 that ,i need not apologize for inserting it3-- ,give three#a ounces of cold drawn linseed oil in a cold mash every alternate night for a fortnight4 ,if you judge it advisable1 repeat the same after an interval of a fortnight4 ,the good effects of the oil are not immediately visible1 but in about a month the horse's coat will become glossy1 and he will commence putting up good hard flesh4 ,the daily rubbing in a portion of the following ointment into a horse's hoof 7especially after exercise in moist ground1 and on removal of wet bandages1 before any evaporation can take place17 will prevent1 indeed cure1 brittleness--that constant precursor of contracted feverish feet3-- ,tar 7not ,coal ,tar74 ,soft ,soap4 ,soap ,cerate4 ,hog's ,lard4 lb4 of each well mixed together over a very slow fire4 #a #bj oz4 #a imperial pint4 #gj3 ,amidst sheep too4 #ga3 ,i am glad to say ,i never had occasion to adopt so severe a remedy as the following2 but ,i have heard of an otherwise incorrigible taste for blood being cured by a partridge pierced transversely with two knitting-pins being adroitly substituted for the fallen bird which the dog had been restrained by a checkcord from bolting4 ,the pins were cut to a length somewhat less than the diameter of its body1 and were fixed at right angles to one another4 ,several slight wires would1 ,i think1 have answered better4 #gb3 ,and if hares are shot to him1 fewest wounded hares4 #gc3 ,in the remaining odd case 7one out of a hundred7 the propensity may be traced to the animal belonging to a vicious stock1--in short1 to hereditary instinct4 #gd3 ,mr4 ,c4 ,b----y1 who has written so cleverly and usefully under the name of ,harry ,hieover1 supports 7in ,practical ,horsemanship7 an argument respecting the breaking of horses1 by describing with such good judgment the manner in which he would proceed to gradually wean a dog from worrying sheep 7much on the principle of taking him to a rabbit-warren1 #ccg71 that ,i think some of my readers may peruse it with profit3-- ,i suppose myself to have a dog addicted to chasing sheep4 ,he must be cured of that4 ,if ,i depute a servant to do this1 ,i know how he will set about it4 ,he will take the dog on a common1 where sheep are running at large4 ,the moment they see the dog they begin running4 ,this is just what the man wished they might do4 ,the dog1 of course1 immediately sets off after them1 and the man after the dog4 ,probably after the latter has ceased chasing1 he is caught2 and at a moment when he is not in fault he is most brutally thrashed1 knowing or not knowing what he is thrashed for4 ,he is cowed for the day1 and sore for three or four afterwards1 when he forgets the beating2 and the next time he sees the sheep1 he feels the same excitement and propensity1 and away he goes after them2 so probably it would be as long as he lives4 ,i now take the dog in hand1 and as sedulously avoid taking him where he has a chance of seeing sheep running1 as the other sought for a place where he should2 for ,i know1 with his present habits1 the temptation will be too strong for the dog to resist4 ,i put a collar round his neck1 with a chain to hold him by1 and a good dog-whip in my hand4 ,i take him to a sheep-fold3 here the sheep cannot run3 and not being wild1 the utmost they can do on seeing the dog is to huddle all together4 ,on entering the fold ,i cry in a warning voice1 ',ware sheep1 ,don4' ,the dog looks up4 ',ware sheep1' ,i cry again4 ,if he appears in the least elated or fidgety1 ',ware sheep1' ,i cry in a voice of anger4 ,if he attempt to make any hasty advance towards them1 a smart stroke or two of the whip makes him find ',ware sheep' must be attended to4 ,if after this he pulls towards1 or jumps at them1 ,i give him a good flogging1 he deserves it1 for he knows he is doing wrong1 and has not over-excitement as an excuse4 ,in a day or two1 more or less1 as he is more or less incorrigible1 he will cease not only to jump at the sheep1 but will walk quietly among them4 ,he has learned perfectly one lesson1 which is1 that he must not touch sheep standing still4 ,probably1 being now cowed by the warning ',ware sheep1' if ,i took him on the common1 he would1 if he saw sheep running1 stop at being halloed to 7if not too far off72 but it would be highly injudicious to trust him1 for if he broke away1 my three or four days' lesson would go for nothing3--he would be nearly as bad as ever4 ,i now take him where sheep are wild1 but never get near enough to set them running4 ,but suppose they were to do so1 ,i am prepared1 for ,i have him in a cord some twenty yards long4 ,this length gives him something of a feeling of liberty4 ,if he looks towards the flock1 ',ware sheep' reminds him of his lessons4 ,in a day or two ,i approach them2 they begin to run3 ,don gets fidgety1 but the warning and showing him the whip most probably controls him2 if it does not1 and he breaks away1 ,i let him reach the end of the cord1 and with a stentorian ',ware sheep1' ,i pull him head over heels1 haul him up1 and getting hold of him1 give him a second thrashing--a lesson or two more1 and he1 in nine cases in ten1 will be broken of the habit4 ,but if without the cord to check him he had got in full career1 flaying the poor brute alive would not have prevented his doing it again2 but his propensity having been diminished gradually1 moderate reflection will reform him1 which it would not have done while that propensity was in full force4--,page #aga4 #ge3 ,a muzzle is the best recipe for keeping a howling dog quiet at night--from what is commonly called baying the moon4 ,it should invariably be employed whenever any ointment is applied to his skin for mange1 c4 #gf3 ,a dark day with a good breeze would be preferred with us4 #gg3 ,but there is this to be said in favour of your perpetually shooting in wind and wet3--you will be acting a most friendly part by your less persecuting neighbour1 for under the twofold annoyance of the gun and such weather1 the birds will fly to great distances to seek for quiet shelter4 #gh3 ,this note about rearing pheasants1 c41 is so long that the printer has placed it in an ,appendix4 ,see page #cce4 #gi3 ,neeps1 anglic turnips4 #hj3 ,callant1 anglic boy4 #ha3 ,hirple1 anglic limp4 #hb3 ,lord ,brougham1 in his ,dialogues on ,instinct1 gives anecdotes showing the great sagacity of animals4 ,he writes--,the cunning of foxes is proverbial2 but ,i know not if it was ever more remarkably displayed than in the ,duke of ,beaufort's country2 where ,reynard1 being hard pressed1 disappeared suddenly1 and was1 after strict search1 found in a water-pool up to the very snout1 by which he held on to a willow-bough hanging over the pond4 ,the cunning of a dog1 which ,serjeant ,wilde tells me of as known to him1 is at least equal4 ,he used to be tied up as a precaution against hunting sheep4 ,at night he slipped his head out of the collar1 and returning before dawn1 put on the collar again to conceal his nocturnal excursions4 ,all animals are more or less cunning4 ,the cunning of monkeys--,i do not quite like using that word3 it hardly does them justice--is nearly as proverbial as the cunning of foxes--but it is not so generally admitted that the monkey has an innate sense of the ludicrous2 and it would surprise many to be told that its mischievous propensities frequently arise1 not from a spirit of wanton destructiveness1 but from a consciousness of fun--from a feeling of enjoyment at thinking of1 or witnessing the embarrassments created by its pranks4 ,yet it is so4 ,captain ,h----e1 when in the #gth ,fusiliers1 mentioned to me that the sailors of the ship in which he returned from the ,mediterranean had two pet monkeys on board4 ,the older one not being so tame as the smaller1 a belt with a short rope was fastened round his waist1 in order that he might be occasionally tied up1 and as this belt had chafed him he greatly disliked its being touched4 ,one hot day when the monkeys were lying beside each other on the deck1 apparently asleep1 ,h----e observed the little one raise himself softly1 look at his companion1 and feeling assured that he was asleep1 sink down quietly1 close his eyes1 and give the obnoxious belt a sudden twitch4 ,the other instantly sprang up1--perceiving1 however1 nothing near him but the little fellow 7seemingly7 in a deep slumber1 he laid himself down to continue his siesta4 ,after a while the young tormentor cautiously peered round2 when satisfied that his friend was again in the arms of ,mr4 ,murphy1 he repeated the disagreeable twitch with yet greater success1--the old chap becoming this time delightfully puzzled4 ,a third time the little rascal1 after the same precautions as before1 endeavoured to play off his trick1--but he was foiled at his own weapons4 ,the old gentleman suspecting him1 had cunningly pretended to be asleep2 and on the small paw quietly approaching his sensitive loins1 he jumped up--seized the culprit in the very fact1 and forthwith gave him a drubbing that taught him more respectful manners during the remainder of the voyage4 ,but to return for a moment to foxes4 ,a story is told in the family of ,mr4 ,c----s ,r----n 7#bhf7 of the sagacity of these animals1 to which he gives implicit credence4 ,adjacent to their old family house stands a yet older high tower1 the summit of which commands an extensive view of the surrounding country1 and consequently of the several rides leading to the building4 ,from this elevated position his grandfather was one morning watching the hounds drawing some neighbouring covers1 when he saw a fox steal away unobserved1 and hide himself in a few furze-bushes4 ,the pack passed by at some distance from him1 and ,monsieur ,reynard must have begun congratulating himself upon his escape1 when to his horror he perceived two lagging skirters approaching his place of concealment4 ,instead of breaking away in an opposite direction1 he at once went forth to greet them1--lay down1 playfully wagging his tail1--and gave them a pressing1 and doubtless sincere1 invitation to join in a game of romps4 ,the ruse was successful4 ,the hounds came up1 paid him the compliment of sniffing at him as he rolled on his back humbly admitting his inferiority1 and then cantered off to join their companions4 ,upon this1 ,pug at once retreated to his first covert4 #hc3 ,is not the capability of forming a good judgment in unusual circumstances more dependent upon the exercise of the reasoning than the instinctive faculties8 #hd3 ,so adroitly obtruding 7or forcing7 a particular card of an outspread pack upon the notice of an unsuspecting party1 that he unhesitatingly selects that identical card4 ,this trick is performed very effectively1 having previously concealed the eight of a suit1 by temporarily converting the seven into the eight by lightly sticking on a bit of paper cut into proper shape1 and of the same colour as the suit4 ,the metamorphosed card is forced upon one of the audience1 and the exhibitor manages unperceived to remove the deception with his little finger when reshuffling the cards4 #he3 ,this would account for the showman's wish to increase the size of the circle 7#dcf71 and keep his audience at a respectable distance1 well out of hearing4 #hf3 ,we speak not of the delightful ,neilgherry hills1 nor the valleys of the magnificent ,himalaya mountains4 #hg3 ,the really wild dogs of ,india1--the ,dhole1--hunt by nose1 and in packs4 #hh3 ,pointer rather than setter1 not only on account of his shorter coat1 but because his nose seems better suited to a hot climate4 ,this cross would be hardy2 and prove extremely useful when the grain4 fields are cut2 but in high grass and strong jungle a team of ,clumbers would be invaluable4 ,they could not1 however1 be kept healthy in the low1 hot lands4 ,we must naturally expect that in the cool parts of ,india the true ,english pointer 7or setter7 would be found more serviceable than the best cross4 ,for those who are fond of coursing in ,india what a pity it is that it should be so difficult to procure good ,arab-greyhounds4 ,whilst ,i was in the country1 but ,i speak of many years ago1 ,i never saw a decent one4 ,a far better description of dog1 and one which would keep healthy in the hottest weather1 might be imported 7if expense was no consideration7 from the upper parts of ,arabia1 where an admirable1 short-coated greyhound is reared for different kinds of coursing4 ,the best dogs are greatly valued1 and it is a question whether our noble breed is not originally derived from this stock4 #hi3 ,impression of feet4 #ij3 ,in general he knowingly places his back against a tree4 #ia3 ,the ,north ,american trappers apply the same term to an old beaver4 #ib3 ,guinea-birds being much prized in such of the islands as possess but little game1 many are reared at the farms of the planters4 ,the negroes dig up ants' nests1 which are disagreeably numerous1 and on bringing one into the yard1 dash it violently upon the ground1 when the chicks eagerly scramble for the contents1--the insects and the eggs4 ,by-the-bye1 much is said about the difficulty of taking eggs from ,guinea-birds without making them abandon their nests4 ,the would-be purloiner1 in answer to his inquiries1 is often recommended to keep as far as possible from the nest2 and1 that it may in no way be contaminated by his touch1 to remove the eggs during the absence of the birds with an iron or silver spoon1 having a long stick attached to it as a handle2--but it is seldom told him1--and therein lies the real secret1--that1 in addition to such precautions1 he never ought to rob a nest without leaving at the least three eggs4 ,it is surprising how many may in this way be taken4 ,i know of a single pair of guinea-birds being thus robbed in one spring of no less than eighty-four4 ,having got into a ,creole's poultry-yard1 ,i am unwilling to quit it without observing1 that few better birds are reared than his cross between common ducks and a ,muscovy drake4 ,it is found necessary carefully to guard against the ungainly gentleman's having any rival of the ordinary breed in the neighbourhood1 for if the opportunity were afforded them1 the ladies would to a certainty forsake their cumbrous lord for the more active commoner4 ,although the true ,muscovy is very coarse eating1 the ,hybrid is as much an improvement upon the flavour as it is upon the size of the common duck4 ,i have known the birds to be reared in this country1 and often wondered that the plan was not more generally pursued4 #ic3 ,improved as regards shape and action1 but not as to stanchness and nose4 #id3 ,on one occasion1 shooting in ,india1 ,i saw an instance of an animal's endeavouring to hide itself1 that always struck me as remarkable from the youth of the creature1 and the fact that its usual instincts lead it to seek safety1 not in concealment1 but in flight4 ,i was looking for a small kind of grouse commonly called there rock-pigeon1 when1 crowning a small eminence1 ,i unexpectedly came upon a young antelope1 about a hundred yards off1 that apparently had lost its dam4 ,the country was open and bare1 with here and there a few stunted bushes4 ,it instantly ran behind one of these1 and there remained while ,i drew the shot1 and had nearly rammed down one of the balls 7enclosed in greased cloth7 that ,i constantly carried in my pocket ready for immediate use4 ,i was almost prepared1 when off it went4 ,as the ball was nearly home1 ,i forced it down1 not liking the trouble of extracting it1 and took a random chance shot at the little animal4 ,i could not perceive that it winced1 and it was not until it fell that ,i was aware ,i had struck it4 ,the ball had passed through its body a little too far behind the shoulder1 and somewhat too high--a common fault4 ,it was so thin and poor that it must have been separated for some time from its mother4 ,the want of sagacity evinced by peafowl1 when hiding themselves1 is strongly contrasted with the intelligence displayed by the fawn4 ,i have known these birds1 when alarmed1 run their heads into a crevice1 leaving the whole of their bodies exposed1 and then fancy themselves so effectually protected1 as to remain immoveable1 until the sportsman got close to them4 ,when you are hunting1 rifle in hand1 for large game on an open prairie1 or where it is unlikely that you will find a convenient rest1 you can carry in your waistcoat pocket1 until the moment you require it1 not a very bad substitute1 in the shape of a piece of string looped at both ends4 ,this string will have been carefully adjusted to exactly such a length that when one loop is slipped over your left foot1 and the other loop over the end of the ramrod 7near the muzzle71 on your bringing up your rifle to the poise1 the pull of the string will restrain you from unduly elevating it while taking aim4 ,an ordinary rest prevents your lowering the muzzle when in the act of firing--the resistance of the string opposes your raising it4 ,the string1 however1 will not wholly hinder the muzzle from diverging to the right or left1--but in reality it will much prevent such unsteadiness1 by permitting your left hand to press strongly upwards against the rifle4 ,in the new drill for firing with the ,enfield1 the soldier is taught a position which gives him a firm rest for his musket4 ,it is to sit on his right heel 7the right knee carried well to the right1 and resting on the ground71 and to place his left elbow on his left knee4 ,he is taught to take aim a little below the object1 and to raise the muzzle very slowly--and to pull the moment he covers the object1 having previously well considered what allowance he should make for the influence of the wind4 #ie3 ,a reverend and very enthusiastic dog-breaker in ,cornwall 7,r4 ,r4 ,w----t71 who took to the art late in life1 had an admirable dog named ,niger1 who practised a peculiar self-taught dodge4 ,he had a capital nose1 and when he winded birds on the other side of a hedge1 he would make a circuit1 and coming behind them would drive them over to his master4 ,this was all innate talent4 ,in no way did it result from tuition4 #if3 ,unless they are very young they are little prized at table2 and they afford such bad sport to the gun that1 notwithstanding their beauty1 great pains are now taken in ,norfolk and ,suffolk to exterminate the breed4 ,their nests are sought for to be destroyed2 and when the snow is on the ground1 the old birds are killed in great numbers4 ,it is observed that in proportion as they increase1 so do the common partridge decrease4 ,the stronger bird1 according to the general law of nature1 drives off the weaker congener4 ,mr4 ,l----d1 ,a----r's keeper 7of ,h----n ,hall71 told me he had on several occasions seen the young red-legged ,frenchmen perseveringly attack and eventually kill a whole covey of the less active ,english squeakers4 ,the late ,marquis of ,hertford has the credit 787 of having been the first to turn out a few of the strangers4 ,this was nearly fifty years ago at ,sudbourn ,hall1 his seat in ,suffolk1 whence they have spread over that county and ,norfolk1 and are fast invading the northern parts of ,essex4 #ig3 ,this note on setters1 poachers1 keepers1 bloodhounds1 night-dogs1 c41 is so long1 that the printer has placed it in an ,appendix4 ,see page #cdd4 #ih3 ,increased3 the gratification of carrying being far greater than that of merely pointing dead4 #ii3 ,a red-legged partridge4 #ajj3 ,of course1 a regular retriever is absolutely necessary when a team of spaniels is hunted1 none of which are accustomed to retrieve 7#gh74 #aja3 ,in deep water diving birds will of course beat the most active dog4 #ajb3 ,twice a day he should be allowed to run out1 that he may not be compelled to adopt habits wholly opposed to his natural propensities4 ,if he has acquired the disagreeable trick of howling when shut up1 put a muzzle on him4 #ajc3 ,claws of dogs kept on boarded floors1 or not exercised1 occasionally become so long1 that unless they are filed or pared down1 they cause lameness4 ,in the menagerie at the ,cape of ,good ,hope ,i saw a fine tigress1 the claws of whose fore-feet had grown so far beyond her power of sheathing that they had penetrated deep into the flesh1 and it was under consideration how to secure her so that the operator should incur no risk while sawing off the ends4 ,she was very tame and sociable1 and would rub against the bars when she was approached by visitors to invite their caresses2 but it was quite distressing to see her raising each leg alternately1 really to ease it of her weight1 but apparently as if soliciting relief4 ,the blessings of chloroform were then unknown4 ,no tiger while under its drowsy influence had ever had an injured limb amputated1 as was once successfully managed at the ,surrey ,zoological ,gardens4 #ajd3 ,it will tend to your comfort and health to have your boots made waterproof1 and you will not easily get a better preparation1 when well rubbed into the leather1 for effecting your object1 than the following4 ,it is an admirable one for rendering all kinds of leather pliable1 and for preserving them in that state--and how often in the beginning of a season have you found your water-boots as hard as a board6 ,to one ounce of ,india-rubber 7the old bottle-shaped gum7 cut into very small pieces1 and dissolved in only as much spirits of naphtha as will convert the rubber into a thick fluid1 add not more than one pint of oil2 linseed oil1 or neat's foot oil is1 ,i am told1 the best4 ,for waterproofing cloth3-- #b lbs4 alum1 #a lb4 sugar of lead1 #bj quarts spring water4 ,strain off to clear4 ,let garment soak #dh hours4 ,hang up until dry4 ,well brush afterwards4 ,inexpensive yet effective6 ,when you catch cold1 do not too hastily blame our climate1 our enviable climate1 which preserves longer than any other the bloom of its women and the vigour of its men1 where the extremes of cold and heat are equally unknown1 in which you can take with advantage exercise every day in the year1 and need never suffer annoyance from mosquitoes1 sandflies1 fleas1 and other abominations1 from which few countries are free4 ,when heated by labour1 are we not too apt to throw off some article of apparel in order to get cool8 whereas the ,turk1 more sensibly1 puts on additional clothing1 and sits out of a draught until he loses all the extra heat he acquired from exercise4 #aje3 ,since the publication of the first edition of this book1 ,i have had the gratification of reading ,mr4 ,herbert's ,field ,sports in the ,united ,states1 c41 and find that he does not consider ,indian-corn to possess any injurious qualities--on the contrary1 he strongly recommends its adoption in kennels4 #ajf3 ,in all diseases of dogs--inflammatory1 of course1 excepted--warmth is recommended4 #ajg3 ,there is a hardy breed of pointers that rarely take it1--especially if they are liberally fed1 and lie warm while young4--,w4 ,n4 ,h4 #ajh3 ,dogs1 their ,management1 published by ,routledge1--a work evidently written by a kind-hearted man of reflection1 experience1 and judgment2 one who dares think for himself1 not servilely treading in the footsteps of his predecessors4 #aji3 ,a right good sportsman1 in days long gone by1 gave this advice to his son--a true chip of the old block1--,don't get an experienced keeper wedded to his own customs and prejudices2 but engage a young man fond of sport4 ,break him to your mind2 and then1 and not until then1 will you have dogs broken to your mind4 #aaj3 ,page ,header3 ,,snap ,,visiting ,,the ,,traps4 ,is it quite certain that the keepers who plead their inability to devote more time to the improvement of their masters' dogs have never found time to break in dogs belonging to strangers8 ,if a keeper would but make it a rule while he is going his rounds by day 7to examine his traps1 c47 to allow each of his pupils in turn to accompany him in fine weather1 and avail himself of that opportunity to give the young dogs an occasional out-door lesson1 they would all be brought under good subjection1 and be taught to obey implicitly every signal of the hand--which is half the battle--without taking him from his other occupations1 and without his having devoted more than a few hours exclusively to their preparatory education4 ,if a keeper feels no pride in the conduct of his dogs--if he is not animated with a spark of the enthusiasm that incites the huntsman to such willing exertion in the education and performance of his hounds1 he 7the keeper7 had better change his profession4 ,he may attain to eminence in another1 he certainly never will in his present position4 ,as ,i have just talked about a keeper going his rounds to examine his traps1 it would be wrong not to mention the serviceable ,snap1 a white1 short-haired terrier belonging to a gamekeeper of ,mr4 ,r----e's1 who for many years has sat as member for ,dover4 ,the little animal's personal qualities are far inferior to his mental1 for even his master1 with all his well-known partiality for his petted companion1 cannot call him handsome2 but he has a right to quote in the dog's favour the old saying1 ,handsome is as handsome does4 ,besides other ways of rendering himself useful1 ,snap willingly considers it a standing rule that he is to start off alone every morning after breakfast to take the tour of all the traps4 ,on his return to the lodge1 if he has no report to make1 he maintains a discreet silence2 but if any of them are sprung1 by vermin or otherwise1 he loudly proclaims the fact1 and leads the keeper1 whose time and legs he has thus cleverly saved1 direct to any spots requiring his personal attention4 #aaa3 ,the reason in my opinion is1 that they have not been properly taught--how to teach4--,w4 ,n4 ,h4 #aab3 ,an expeditious method1 as is admitted in #aia1 but there1 ,i think1 all praise ceases4--,w4 ,n4 ,h4 #aac3 ,doubtless a good plan2 perhaps the best plan with a bold dog whose initiatory education has been neglected--and who1 in consequence1 will not watch for your signals1 nor yet look to you on your whistling2 but the cord might be longer1 and the boy should follow the dog to allow of his range being more extended4--,w4 ,n4 ,h4 #aad3 ,meaning the spike-collar described in #cjj of this1 and #acf of first edition4 ,no mention was made in that edition of the milder collar now spoken of in #cja4--,w4 ,n4 ,h4 #aae3 ,in the correctness of this reasoning ,i fully concur4--,w4 ,n4 ,h4 #aaf3 ,see end of #ddh4 #aag3 ,if you are attacked by a dog when you have the good fortune to be armed with a shilelagh1 do not hit him across the head and eyes2 bear in mind that the front part of his fore-legs is a far more vulnerable and sensitive spot4 ,one or two well applied blows upon that unprotected place will generally disable the strongest dog4 ,consider how feelingly alive your own shins are to the slightest rap4 ,i have in ,india seen a vicious horse quite cowed under such discipline1 and a really savage nag in that country is1 to use an expression common among the natives1 a fellow who would eat one to the very turban4 ,they will sometimes cure a biter by letting him seize a leg of mutton burning hot off the fire--not so expensive a remedy as you may think1 where sheep1 wool1 or rather hair and all1 are constantly sold at #bs4 each1--,i will not describe how poor1--,i have lifted them up1 one in each hand1 to judge of their comparative weight4 ,a country bred horse may be conquered by harsh means2 but a true ,arab never4 ,it is rare to find one that is not sweet-tempered2 but when he is vicious1 his high spirit and great courage make him quite indomitable4 ,with a stout stick1 a better defence than you may at first imagine can be made against the attack of a vicious bull4 ,smart blows struck on the tip of his horns seem to cause a jar painfully felt at the roots4 ,mr4 ,b----n1 of ,a----n1 when he was charged in the middle of a large field by a bull which soon afterwards killed a man1 adopting this plan1 beat off the savage animal1 though it several times renewed its attacks4 #aah3 ,if my reader is a youngster1 he ought to take this as a hint to mind where he treads when he traverses a turnip-field4 #aai3 ,the common sobriquet of the boy in charge4 #abj3 ,clover does not retain the wet like common grass1 and it affords some shade in hot weather to the very young birds4 #aba3 ,until the young birds recover do not let them have access to any water in which alum is not dissolved in the proportion of a lump about the size of a walnut to half a gallon of water--also mix such a quantity of common salt in their food1 that the stimulant therein is quite perceptible to your taste1 and feed more sparingly than usual4 #abb3 ,principally ,indian corn-meal4 ,when the chickens are older1 the grain is merely bruised4 ,to full-grown birds of a large species1 it is given whole4 #abc3 ,for reasons already given1 ,i think some animal food should be added4--,w4 ,n4 ,h4 #abd3 ,french eggs1 which he purchased cheap in large quantities from an importing house at ,folkestone4 ,transcriber's ,notes3 ,original accentuation has been retained except for some inconsistent diacritical marks in the original2 the three instances are given below3 7a7 ,in the ,list of ,illustrations3 ,,thlew-,e-,,choh-,,dezeth 7b7 ,in the illustration caption2 ,,thlew-,,ee-,,choh-,,dezeth 7c7 ,in the text3 ,thlew-e-chh-dezeth4 ,all instances have been standardised as this last example4 ,typographical errors corrected3 rages changed to ranges in paragraph #hg ,impropropriety changed to ,impropriety recals changed to recalls sidge changed to side wil changed to will #hcf7;date7 changed to #ahcf implicity changed to implicitly ,schichallion changed to ,schiehallion morever changed to moreover for consistency cares changed to cures in paragraph #bic ,unusual spelling retained3 immoveably villanous and villany ,in the ,chapter ,,xiii sub-heading1 and the advertisments 'receipt' is used rather than 'recipe'1 which is used elsewhere4 ,both words having the same meaning in the context4 ,in the original there were two instances of paragraph #ee4 ,the first instance has been renumbered as the 'missing' paragraph #ed4 ,paragraph #bjg was not numbered in the original and has not been changed4 ,in the original there were #b instances of paragraph #ajb1 none of #ajc4 ,second instance of #ajb4 renumbered to #ajc4 which agrees with chapter heading4 ,some illustration titles do not match the ,list of ,illustrations4 ,in paragraph #dd the reference to ',,xi4 of paragraph #aga' should refer to ',,xi4 of paragraph #ada'1 and has been corrected4