,,! ,,bro*ure ,,s]ies ,,( ,,ar*itectural ,,illu/ration4 #aijj ,,li/ ,,( ,,text ,,illu/rations4 ,,c>v+4 ,c>v$ ,arm-piece ( ,*oir ,/all1 ,sixte5? ,c5tury1 ,ca!dral ( ,g5oa #abc ,c>v$ ,*oir ,/all1 ,mod]n 7#ahef7 ,bapti/]y1 ,pisa1 #aca ,c>v+1 ,detail (1 ,twelf? ,c5tury1 ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,g9/o1 ,lucca #abg ,,ca!drals ,,( ,,engl&1 ,,!4 ,cant]bury ,ca!dral3 ,! ,*oir #ahe ,*i*e/] ,ca!dral f ,nor!a/ #ahc ,h]e=d ,ca!dral f ,nor!a/ #ahg ,l9coln ,ca!dral3 ,! ,*oir #aic ,norwi* ,ca!dral f ,ea/ #ahe ,pet]bor\gh ,ca!dral3 ,! ,*oir #ahi ,/4 ,albans ,abbey f ,s\?we/ #aii ,wells ,ca!dral3 ,! ,*oir #aig ,wells ,ca!dral3 ,we/ ,front #aie ,w9*e/] ,ca!dral3 ,we/ ,front #aic ,worce/] ,ca!dral3 ,! ,*oir #aia ,worce/] ,ca!dral f ,s\?we/ #aha ,,*ateau ,,( ,,*ambord1 ,,!4 ,lant]n ( ! ,great ,/aircase #aea ,plan #aee ,view ( ,*ambord 7#aegf7 #aeg ,,*ipp5dale ,,*airs4 ,*ipp5dale ,*airs1 ,*9ese ,patt]n #gg ,*ipp5dale ,*airs #gc1 #ge1 #gg1 #gi1 #ha1 #hc ,,ducal ,,palace3 ,,v5ice1 ,,italy4 ,ceil+1 ,detail (1 ,ante-,*amb] ( ,*apel #aci ,fireplace 9 ,doge's ,b$-*amb] #ada ,piazetta & ,sea ,faades #acg ,,duomo ,,& ,,! ,,campanile1 ,,!4 ,,flor5ce1 ,,italy4 ,plan #ic ,w9d[1 ,! ,campanile #ia ,,engli% ,,c>v$ ,,fireplaces4 ,mantelpiece1 ,montacute ,h\se #fc ,mantelpiece1 ,re/oration ,h\se1 ,ro*e/] #ei ,mantelpiece1 ,/&i% ,hall #fa ,mantelpiece1 ,/okesay ,ca/le #fe ,mantelpiece1 ,wraxhall ,manor #fg ,,grotesques ,,f ,,notre ,,dame1 ,,p>is4 #ie1 #ig1 #ii ,,guild ,,halls ,,( ,,london1 ,,!4 ,but*]'s ,hall1 ,bo>d ,room #aba ,,h\se ,,( ,,jacques ,,coeur3 ,,b\rges1 ,,france4 ,bird'seye ,view 7,aft] ,viollet-le-,duc7 #aje ,,japanese ,,g>d5s4 ,fukagawa1 ,detail ( ,g>d5 #bg ,hill ,g>d51 ,model ( #ce ,lant]ns1 ,g>d51 ,typical ,v>ieties ( #ca ,m]*ant's ,villa ,g>d51 ,detail1 ,fukagawa #bi ,model ,p9e ,tree #be ,/epp+ ,/ones1 ,arrangem5t ( #ca1 #cc ,tea ,g>d51 ,inn] ,enclosure1 ,tamagawa #cc ,,l\is ,,xvi4 ,,sconces4 ,d\ai #afa ,fonta9ebleau #afa1 #afc ,v]sailles #afa1 #afc ,,petit ,,trianon1 ,,v]sailles4 ,temple ( ,love #eg ,,spani% ,,wr\ght-,,iron ,,scre5s4 ,*apel ,scre51 ,seville ,ca!dral #da ,pulpit1 ,avila ,ca!dral #dg ,scre51 ,l\vre #dg ,scre51 ,zaporta ,*apel1 ,*ur* ( ,la ,seo1 ,s>agossa #de ,,specim5s ,,( ,,go?ic ,,wood ,,c>v+4 ,go?ic ,c>v$ ,woodwork ( ! ,fifte5? & ,sixte5? ,c5turies1 ,bav>ian ,national ,museum1 ,muni* #aaa1 #aac1 #aae ,go?ic ,c>v$ ,woodwork ( ,fifte5? & ,sixte5? ,c5turies1 ,g]manic ,museum1 ,nuremb]g #aji ,,t5 ,,mo/ ,,beautiful ,,build+s ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,city ,hall1 ,new ,york ,city #ai ,congressional ,libr>y1 ,approa*1 ,wa%+ton #aa ,madison ,squ>e ,g>d51 ,new ,york ,city #ac1 #ae ,madison ,squ>e ,g>d51 ,new ,york ,city 7,detail7 #ae ,national ,capitol1 ,wa%+ton #c1 #e ,public ,libr>y1 ,bo/on1 ,entrance #g ,/4 ,patrick's ,ca!dral1 ,new ,york ,city #ag ,/4 ,patrick's ,ca!dral1 ,faade1 ,new ,york ,city #ag ,/4 ,patrick's ,ca!dral1 ,int]ior1 ,new ,york ,city #ai ,tr9ity ,*ur*1 ,bo/on #g ,tr9ity ,*ur*1 ,new ,por*1 ,bo/on #i ,tr9ity ,*ur*1 ,t[]1 ,bo/on #i ,,twelf? ,,c5tury ,,capitals ,,f ,,! ,,b5$ict9e ,,mona/]y1 ,,monreale1 ,,sicily4 ,capitals f ,monreale #di1 #ea ,,types ,,( ,,italian ,,g>d5 ,,f\nta9s4 ,f\nta9 by ,b]n9i1 ,villa ,borghes #ade ,f\nta91 ,g>d5 ( ,vatican1 ,rome #adg ,f\nta91 ,villa ,&obr&9i1 ,frascati #adg ,f\nta91 ,villa ,m$ici1 ,rome #ade ,,"w ,,( ,,sir ,,*ri/oph] ,,wr54 ,gre5wi* ,hospital f ! ,riv] #agc ,hampton ,c\rt ,palace1 ,f\nta9 ,c\rt #agi ,k5s+ton ,palace1 ,entrance #agc ,monum5t1 ,!1 ,london #aga ,/4 ,bride's ,*ur* ,/eeple3 ,london #age ,/4 ,dun/an's-9-!-,ea/ ,/eeple3 ,london #age ,/4 ,/eph5's ,walbrook ,/eeple3 ,london #agg ,tr9ity ,college ,libr>y3 ,cambridge1 ,engl& #afi ,,li/ ,,( ,,subjects4 ,b\rges3 ,h\se ( ,jacques ,coeur #ajc ,campanile1 ,!3 ,flor5ce1 ,italy #hg ,capitals1 ,twelf? ,c5tury3 ,b5$ict9e1 ,mona/]y1 ,monreale1 ,sicily #di ,c>v$ ,fireplaces1 ,engli% #fe ,c>v+1 ,specim5s ( ,go?ic ,wood #aae ,ca!drals ( ,engl&1 ,! 7,see ,li/ ( ,plates7 #ahc ,*airs1 ,engli%1 ,*ipp5dale #ga ,*ambord1 ,*ateau (3 ,france #aea ,*ateau ( ,*ambord3 ,france 7,see ,li/ ( ,plates7 #aea ,*ipp5dale ,*airs 7,see ,li/ ( ,plates7 #ga ,coeur1 ,jacques1 ,h\se (3 ,b\rges1 ,france #ajc ,competitions1 ,bro*ure ,s]ies4 ,competition ,o 7,t5 ,mo/ ,beautiful ,build+s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates7 #c ,competition ,p 7,photographs = ,bro*ure ,s]ies7 #aca1 #adc ,ducal ,palace1 ,!3 ,v5ice1 ,italy 7,see ,li/ ( ,plates7 #ace ,duomo & ! ,campanile1 ,!3 ,flor5ce1 ,italy 7,see ,li/ ( ,plates7 #hg ,engli% ,c>v$ ,fireplaces #fe ,engli% ,ca!drals #ahc ,engli% ,*ipp5dale ,*airs #ga ,engl&1 ,guild ,halls ( ,london #aai ,flor5ce1 ,italy1 ,! ,duomo & ! ,campanile #hg ,f\nta9s1 ,italian ,g>d5 #ade1 #adg ,france1 ,! ,*ateau ( ,*ambord #aea ,france1 ,h\se ( ,jacques ,coeur3 ,b\rges #ajc ,france1 ,petit ,trianon3 ,v]sailles #ee ,g>d5s1 ,italian ,f\nta9 #ade1 #adg ,g>d5s1 ,japanese #bc ,go?ic ,wood ,c>v+1 ,specim5s ( #aae ,grotesques f ,notre ,dame1 ,p>is #ie ,guild ,halls ( ,london1 ,engl&1 ,! 7,see ,li/ ( ,plates7 #aai ,haml91 ,pr(essor ,a4 ,d4 ,f4 7,t5 ,mo/ ,beautiful ,build+s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates7 #e ,h\se ( ,jacques ,coeur3 ,b\rges1 ,france 7,see ,li/ ( ,plates7 #ajc ,italian ,g>d5 ,f\nta9s #ade1 #adg ,italy1 ,! ,campanile3 ,flor5ce #hg ,italy1 ,! ,ducal ,palace3 ,v5ice #ace ,italy1 ,! ,duomo & ! ,campanile3 ,flor5ce #hg ,japanese ,g>d5s 7,see ,li/ ( ,plates7 #bc ,london1 ,! ,guild ,halls ( #aai ,l\is ,,xvi4 ,sconces #afa ,monreale1 ,sicily1 ,twelf? ,c5tury ,capitals f ! ,b5$ict9e ,mona/]y #di ,notre ,dame1 ,p>is1 ,grotesques f #ie ,p>is3 ,grotesques f ,notre ,dame #ie ,petit ,trianon1 ,!3 ,v]sailles 7,see ,li/ ( ,plates7 #ce ,sconces1 ,l\is ,,xvi #afa ,scre5s1 ,spani% ,wr\ght-,iron #ci ,sir ,*ri/oph] ,wr51 ,"w ( #afg ,spani% ,wr\ght-,iron ,scre5s 7,see ,li/ ( ,plates7 #ci ,specim5s ( ,go?ic ,wood ,c>v+ #aae ,t5 ,mo/ ,beautiful ,build+s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,! ,a discussion by ,pr(4 ,a4 ,d4 ,f4 ,haml9 #e ,t5 ,mo/ ,beautiful ,build+s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,! 7,see ,li/ ( ,plates7 #c ,twelf? ,c5tury ,capitals f ! ,b5$ict9e ,mona/]y1 ,monreale1 ,sicily #di ,types ( ,italian ,g>d5 ,f\nta9s #ade1 #adg ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,t5 ,mo/ ,beautiful ,build+s 9 ! #c ,v5ice1 ,italy1 ,! ,ducal ,palace #ace ,v]sailles1 ,france3 ,! ,petit ,trianon #ee ,wood ,c>v+1 ,go?ic #aae ,"w ( ,sir ,*ri/oph] ,wr5 7,see ,li/ ( ,plates7 #afg ,wr51 ,sir ,*ri/oph]1 ,"w ( #afg ,wr\ght-,iron ,scre5s1 ,spani% #ci ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,i ,,national ,,capitol1 ,,wa%+ton ,,! ,,bro*ure ,,s]ies ,,( ,,ar*itectural ,,illu/ration4 #aijj4 ,,janu>y ,no4 #a4 ,,! ,,t5 ,,mo/ ,,beautiful ,,build+s ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,dur+ ! ,autumn ( ! pa/ ye> a vot+ conte/ 0 propos$ to ! read]s ( ,,! ,,bro*ure ,,s]ies ) ! object ( det]m9+ by ! cons5sus ( votes1 :i*1 9 _! op9ion1 7 ! ,t5 ,mo/ ,beautiful ,build+s n[ exi/+ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! only condition impos$ 0 t no read] %\ld ent] m ?an "o li/4 ,a lively int]e/ 0 tak5 9 ! conte/1 & ov] two hundr$ votes 7 receiv$1--! vot]s be+ almo/ entirely ei!r ar*itects or pr(ess$ /ud5ts ( ar*itecture4 ,! foll[+ t5 build+s1 nam$ 9 ! ord] ( pref]5ce1 are ^? :i* receiv$ ! greate/ numb] ( votes 9 ?is conte/2 & ! app5d$ p]c5tages %[ approximately :at proportion ( ! total numb] ( votes ea* receiv$3-- ,i4 ,,national ,,capitol1 ,,wa%+ton4 ,hallet1 ,?ornton1 ,hadfield1 ,hoban1 ,latrobe1 ,bulf9*1 ,walt] & ,cl>k1 ,ar*itects4 ,ab\t #ii4 ,,ii4 ,,bo/on ,,public ,,libr>y1 ,,bo/on4 ,mc,kim1 ,mead ,:ite1 ,ar*itects4 ,ab\t #ig4 ,,iii4 ,,tr9ity ,,*ur*1 ,,bo/on4 ,gambrel ,ri*>dson1 ,ar*itects4 ,ab\t #if4 ,,iv4 ,,congressional ,,libr>y1 ,,wa%+ton4 ,smi?mey]1 ,peltz & ,edw>d ,p4 ,casey1 ,ar*itects4 ,ab\t #ge4 ,v4 ,,columbia ,,univ]sity ,,libr>y1 ,,new ,,york ,,city4 ,mc,kim1 ,mead ,:ite1 ,ar*itects4 ,ab\t #gj4 ,,vi4 ,,tr9ity ,,*ur*1 ,,new ,,york ,,city4 ,ri*>d ,upjohn1 ,ar*itect4 ,ab\t #ee4 ,,vii4 ,,madison ,,squ>e ,,g>d51 ,,new ,,york ,,city4 ,mc,kim1 ,mead ,:ite1 ,ar*itects4 ,ab\t #de4 ,,viii4 ,,/4 ,,patrick',s ,,ca!dral1 ,,new ,,york ,,city4 ,james ,r5wick1 ,ar*itect4 ,ab\t #ce4 ,,ix4 ,,biltmore ,,h\se1 ,,biltmore1 ,n4,c4 ,r4 ,m4 ,hunt1 ,ar*itect4 ,ab\t #bi4 ,x4 ,,city ,,hall1 ,,new ,,york ,,city4 ,mang9 & ,macomb1 ,ar*itects4 ,ab\t #bi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,national ,,capitol ,,wa%+ton ,9 ! article :i* foll[s1 ,pr(4 ,a4 ,d4 ,f4 ,haml9 comm5ts ^u ! above li/1 & draws "s int]e/+ conclusions f ! comp>ison ( x ) a simil> li/1 compil$ fifte5 ye>s ago 9 ! same way by ! read]s ( ,! ,am]ican ,ar*itect4 ,! ann\ncem5t ( ! aw>d ( ! prizes 9 ?is ,competition w be f\nd on ! publi%]s' page ( ?is issue4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ii ,,bo/on ,,public ,,libr>y1 ,,bo/on ,,! ,,t5 ,,mo/ ,,beautiful ,,build+s4 ,a ,,discussion ,,( ,,! ,,vote ,,by ,a4 ,d4 ,f4 ,,haml91 ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,ar*itecture1 ,,cornell ,,univ]sity2 ,,au?or ,,( ,,haml9',s ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,ar*itecture4 ,a f9al & absolute v]dict ^u ! relative m]its ( works ( art is 9 mo/ cases an impossibility4 ,s9ce !re is no su* ?+ z an absolute objective /&>d ( comp>ison = all works ( a giv5 class1 ! p]sonal equation & ! "t equation mu/ always ent] l>gely into critical e/imates by individuals or gr\ps ( individuals4 ,lea/ ( all are we likely to pass correct judgm5ts on contempor>y works1 because we measure !m :olly or ma9ly by ! dom9ant ta/e or fa%ion ( our "t1 in/ead ( by t l>g] exp]i5ce & m imp>tial judgm5t :i* comes ) ! lapse ( decades & c5turies4 ,:51 h[ev]1 a l>ge numb] ( intellig5t & presumably compet5t critics are f\nd 9 agreem5t z to ! m]its or defects ( a giv5 "w1 x is safe to conclude t !re is "s gr\nd = ! v]dict2 & :5 ! agreem5t ext5ds to a numb] ( build+s 79 ! v]dict ab\t to be discuss$ we are deal+ ) build+s7 x is reasonable to draw def9ite inf]5ces z to ! gr\nds ( ! agreem5t1 bo? 9 relation to ! works s judg$ & 9 relation to ! view-po9t & ta/e ( ^? :o h pron\nc$ ! op9ion4 ,illu/ration3 ,,national ,,capitol ,,wa%+ton ,( c\rse 9 su* a vote z t by ,,! ,,bro*ure read]s on ! ,t5 ,mo/ ,beautiful ,build+s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! result c only be a composite1--a cons5sus rea*$ by ! fus+ toge!r & av]ag+ ( a great numb] ( widely div]se e/imates4 ,! v t]ms ( ! vote w be v>i\sly int]pret$ accord+ z ! expression ! mo/ beautiful build+ is made to apply to ! ext]ior alone1 or to ! plan1 ! decorative detail1 ! scale1 or o!r elem5ts ( ar*itectural design1 or to include all2 & accord+ to ! v>y+ values assign$ to dignity1 simplicity1 ri*ness1 gr&eur1 ref9em5t1 & o!r qualities1 by ! sev]al vot]s4 ,b1 hav+ made all ^! all[ances1 !re is mu* in/ruction & sugge/ion 9 ! vote1 bo? z to ! t5d5cies ( ta/e among ! con/itu5cy ( ,,! ,,bro*ure ,,s]ies1 & z to ! progress & t5d5cies ( ,am]ican ar*itecture1 especially 9 ! light ( ! vote ( #ahhe 9 ,! ,am]ican ,ar*itect4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iii ,,tr9ity ,,*ur*1 ,,bo/on ,z a preface to ! comm5ts ab\t to be made on ^! t5d5cies1 x is 9 ord] to pres5t a few /ati/ics ) reg>d to ! vote & ! build+s vot$ on4 ,9 ^! ,i %all call ! ,,bro*ure',s li/ ( ! t5 build+s receiv+ ! highe/ numb] ( votes ! ,fir/ li/2 ! supplem5t>y li/ ( ! t5 com+ next 9 popul>ity1 ! ,second li/1 & t publi%$ 9 ,! ,am]ican ,ar*itect 9 #ahhe1 ! #ahhe li/4 7,! ,second & ! #ahhe li/s are pr9t$ on page #ag47 ,illu/ration3 ,,bo/on ,,public ,,libr>y1 ,,entrance ,,bo/on ,a comp>ison ( ! /yles repres5t$ 9 ^! ?ree li/s is int]e/+1 aft] mak+ all all[ances = d\btful classifications ( "s ( ! examples4 ,i4 7a7 ,,r5aissance ,,gr\p3 ,,fir/4 ,,second4 #ahhe4 ,classic #b #a #a ,fr5* #c #b #a ,italian #b #b #j ,spani% #j #a #j ,mod]n ,am]ican #j #a #j 7b7 ,,m$i,,val ,,gr\p3 ,romanesque #a #b #e ,go?ic #b #a #c -- -- -- #aj #aj #aj ,! p]c5tages ( ! total numb] ( votes won by build+s 9 ! diff]5t /yles 9 ! ,fir/ li/ 7 z foll[s3 ,classic #af4i ,fr5* #ae4f ,italian #ab4j ,romanesque #i4f ,go?ic #i4j ---- #fc4a ,^! p]c5tages are only approximate1 & ! apportionm5t w\ld v>y ) a diff]5t classification2 b !y %[1 9 a r\gh way1 t ! t5 build+s rank+ highe/ receiv$ ab\t #fc p] c5t ( all ! votes1 & t ! sev5 9 ! ,r5aissance gr\p obta9$ #dd4e p] c5t ( all ! votes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tr9ity ,,*ur* ,,bo/on ,comp>+ next ! classes ( build+s repres5t$1 we h ?is result3 ,,fir/4 ,,second4 #ahhe4 ,,ii4 ,gov]nm5t ,build+s1 #b #c #f ,*ur*es #c #j #b ,libr>ies #c #j #j ,museums #j #b #j ,club ,h\ses #j #b #j ,hotels #j #a #j ,private ,h\ses #a #a #a ,amusem5t ,build+s #a #j #j ,comm]cial ,build+s #j #a #j ,educational #j #j #a -- -- -- #aj #aj #aj ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iv ,,congressional ,,libr>y1 ,,wa%+ton ,comp>+ ! geographical di/ribution1 we h3 ,,fir/4 ,,second4 #ahhe4 ,,iii4 ,new ,york ,city #e #d #c ,wa%+ton #b #a #a ,bo/on #b #j #a ,biltmore1 ,n4,c4 #a #j #j ,*icago #j #a #j ,albany #j #a #b ,/4 ,augu/9e #j #a #j ,pittsburgh #j #a #j ,h>t=d #j #a #a ,cambridge #j #j #a ,nor? ,ea/on #j #j #a -- -- -- #aj #aj #aj ,( ! t5 build+s 9 ! #ahhe li/ b ?ree appe> 9 ! ,fir/ li/1 & two 9 ! ,second2 s t only five ( ! t5 build+s adjudg$ 9 #ahhe to be ! mo/ beautiful 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates are includ$ 9 ! tw5ty giv5 ! lead+ rank 9 #ahii by ! ,,bro*ure read]s4 ,( ^! tw5ty1 six 9 ! ,fir/ li/ & five 9 ! ,second h be5 built s9ce ! #ahhe vote4 ,( ! rema9+ f\r 9 ! ,fir/ li/1 ?ree1 z we h se51 figure 9 t ( #ahhe2 ! f\r?--! ,new ,york ,city ,hall--0 n 9 #ahhe consid]$ wor?y ( a place among ! t5--a significant sugge/ion z to *ang+ ta/es s9ce t date4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tr9ity ,,*ur*1 ,,t[] ,,bo/on ,! fir/ & mo/ obvi\s conclusion to be drawn f ! above /ati/ics is t ,am]ican ar*itects1 s f> z !y are repres5t$ 9 ! ,,bro*ure vote1 h no hide-b\nd traditions or +ra9$ prejudices z to /yle4 ,!re is 9 ! li/ select$ by !m a prepond]ance1 x is true1 ( build+s 9 ! v>i\s /yles ( ! ,r5aissance & ,classic ,revival--sev5 out ( t54 ,b ! ?ird 9 ! li/1 ) #if p] c5t ( unanimity 9 its favor1 is a ,romanesque build+1 ,tr9ity ,*ur*1 ,bo/on4 ,two o!rs1 /&+ six? & eigh?1 are ,go?ic1--,tr9ity & ,/4 ,patrick's ,*ur*es 9 ,new ,york4 ,! rema9+ sev51 al?\gh !y may all be includ$ "u a broad ext5sion ( ! t]m ,r5aissance1 exhibit wide div]g5cies ( /yle4 ,! ,capitol at ,wa%+ton & ! ,columbia ,libr>y repres5t two diff]5t phases ( ! ,classic ,revival1 ne>ly a c5tury ap>t 9 date2 ! ,new ,york ,city ,hall1 a v]sion ( ! /yle ( ,l\is ,,xvi4 ,! ,bo/on ,public ,libr>y 0 av[$ly inspir$ f ! no-,grec ,biblio?que ,/4 ,g5vive ( ,labr\/e1 z f> z its faades are conc]n$1 & yet diff]s f t build+ m ?an x resembles x2 & al?\gh1 9 ! =ego+ tables1 bo? ?is & ! ,biltmore mansion are classifi$ z 9 ! ,fr5* ,r5aissance /yle1 !y are really mu* f>!r ap>t ?an ! classic ,capitol & ! ,l\is ,seize ,city ,hall4 ,! ,congressional ,libr>y foll[s ,italian r ?an ,fr5* prec$5ts1 & ! ,madison ,squ>e ,g>d5 sugge/s bo? ,italian & ,spani% prototypes4 ,evid5tly our ar*itects are n b\nd by allegiance to any "o /yle or k9d ( beauty1 b are ready to f9d subjects = admiration 9 build+s ( ! mo/ div]se "*1 & to recognize beauty alike 9 po9t$ & r\nd ar*es1 9 domes & 9 spires1 9 acan?us leaves & crockets1 9 new build+s & 9 old4 ,?is ca?olicity ( ta/e is int]e/+1 & on ! :ole hopeful1 = x sugge/s ! ability & read9ess to appreciate realities in/ead ( names1 /yle r ?an any p>ticul> hi/oric dress1 ess5tials r ?an ext]nals2--an eclecticism :i* recognizes beauty1 quality1 excell5ce1 :]ev] !y c be f\nd1 & adopts :at is be/ )\t reg>d to names or categories4 ,& if we consid] ! build+s !mselves1 in/ead ( ! motives ( ! vot]s1 ! same /ati/ics indicate1 z we might expect1 a l ca?olicity ( ta/e 9 ! designs ( rec5t ,am]ican build+s1 &--:at is m to ! po9t--a conspicu\s measure ( success 9 fus+ toge!r & adapt+ to mod]n ,am]ican ne$s ! multif>i\s sugge/ions ( ! hi/oric /yles1 s t ! results are nei!r copies nor pat*work1 b consi/5t1 intellig5t & h>moni\s units4 ,illu/ration3 ,,new ,,por*1 ,,tr9ity ,,*ur* ,,bo/on ,tak+ next ! second comp>ative table1 we f9d t 9 ! ,fir/ & ,second li/s tak5 toge!r1 #bj p] c5t ( ! names are ^? ( gov]nm5t or adm9i/rative build+s2 #ae p] c5t are *ur*es1 ) ! same numb] ( libr>ies 7?ree ( ea*1 all on ! ,fir/ li/74 ,!re are two ea* ( museums1 club h\ses & private resid5ces2 & "o ea* ( (fice build+s1 hotels1 & amusem5t h\ses4 ,"h aga9 we enc\nt] ! same bread? ( judgm5t z 9 ! fir/ comp>ison4 ,! ,,bro*ure read]s1 & presumably our ar*itects g5]ally1 are will+ to discov] beauty alike 9 public1 private1 religi\s1 & comm]cial ar*itecture4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,v ,,columbia ,,univ]sity ,,libr>y1 ,,new ,,york ,,city ,x is a significant fact t *ur*es & libr>ies con/itute #fj p] c5t ( ! ,fir/ li/1 & t !re is b "o resid5ce1 & n a s+le comm]cial edifice among ! t5 build+s x enum]ates4 ,app>5tly x is religion & education :i* inspire & call =? ! highe/ results 9 ar*itecture1 r ?an ! private & comm]cial luxury ( :i* we he> s mu* 9 ^! days4 ,if to ^! s\rces ( ar*itectural inspiration we add t ( civil gov]nm5t1 x appe>s t we owe #hj p] c5t ( ! ,fir/ li/ to gov]nm5t1 religion & education--! ?ree highe/ activities ( ! community4 ,?is is n m]ely due to ! fact t ! ar*itectural requirem5ts ( *ur*es & civic build+s are su* z favor monum5tal results2 = bo? 9 size & co/1 & h5ce 9 ! opportunity = an ample & sumptu\s ar*itectural treatm5t1 ^! are (t5 surpass$ by bank+ & (fice build+s1 private palaces & ri* m5's clubs4 ,! pres5ce ( ?ree truly magnific5t public libr>ies ( rec5t erection 9 ! ,fir/ li/ seems to me p>ticul>ly enc\rag+1 z a symptom ( ! ext5t to :i* ! weal? ( ! c\ntry is be+ devot$ to ! high] int]e/s ( ! p1 & at ! same "t to ! promotion ( high art4 ,t ?is is a correct symptom1 is confirm$ by su* build+s1 erect$ or ab\t to be erect$1 z ! ,*icago ,libr>y1 ! magnific5t ,new ,york ,public ,libr>y1 ! new libr>ies at ,milwaukee1 ,provid5ce1 ,new>k1 ,n4,j41 ,j]sey ,city1 & ,wa%+ton2 by ! ,art ,museum at ,*icago1 ! ,corcoran ,gall]y at ,wa%+ton1 ! new w+ to ! ,metropolitan ,museum at ,new ,york1 ! ,phebe ,he>/ competition = ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 & o!r l ent]prises4 ,! mo/ important ar*itectural ent]prises 9 ,new ,york today are ! ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,john ! ,div9e & ! va/ palace ( ! ,brooklyn ,in/itute1 ( :i* a new w+ is ab\t to be erect$4 ,evid5tly our art has n fall5 :olly a prey to comm]cialism & private luxury4 ,! geographical di/ribution ( ! build+s *os5 is int]e/+4 ,9 #ahhe b ?ree out ( t5 7 9 ,new ,york ,city1 & ,albany /ood ahead ( ,bo/on4 ,9 ! ,fir/ li/ ,new ,york has "o-half ( ! t51 & 9 ! ,fir/ & ,second li/s1 jo9tly1 n9e out ( tw5ty build+s4 ,bo/on & ,wa%+ton divide ! second place1 ) two ea* on ! ,fir/ li/4 ,9 ! two li/s toge!r !re are n9e cities & t[ns repres5t$1 ( :i* five are 9 ! nor!a/]n /ates1 ) f\rte5 out ( tw5ty build+s2 "o 9 ! ne>] we/ 7,*icago72 & ?ree 9 ! s\? 7if we include ,wa%+ton among s\!rn cities74 ,( c\rse ! fact t ,new ,york1 ,bo/on & ,wa%+ton are old cities1 z cities g among u1 c\nts = mu* 9 ! way ( maturity ( civilization & accumulation ( ar*itectural res\rces2 & x is only natural t ! weal?ie/ city 9 ! ,new ,_w %\ld possess ! greate/ numb] ( important build+s4 ,b x is also v possible t ! majority ( ! ,,bro*ure read]s are 9 ! nor!rn & ea/]n /ates1 & !re=e m famili> ) ea/]n & nor!rn ?an ) s\!rn & we/]n build+s4 ,all[+ = ?is1 !y may draw _! own conclusions f ?is table4 ,illu/ration3 ,,congressional ,,libr>y1 ,,approa* ,,wa%+ton ,if n[1 we turn to inquire :at are ! qualities :i* h won = ^! build+s a place on ?is li/1 & to :at t5d5cies1 ei!r ( progress or retrogression1 d ! votes po9t1 two facts /& out v cle>ly4 ,! fir/ is1 t ea* ( ! t5 build+s1 :atev] its /yle or purpose1 repres5ts a conception cle>ly ?\ght out1 simply & =cibly express$1 & treat$ ) monum5tal dignity1 q irrespectively ( ! am\nt or ri*ness ( its decoration4 ,! second is1 t !re has 9 rec5t ye>s be5 a notable advance 9 all t conc]ns ! int]ior decoration ( important build+s4 ,9 #ahgg ,tr9ity ,*ur* 9 ,bo/on /ood alone z an example ( really high art 9 int]ior decoration4 ,! ?ree mo/ rec5t build+s on ! li/--all ?ree by ! way1 public libr>ies--are conspicu\s in/ances ( ! sumptu\s & dignifi$ treatm5t ( int]ior design1 ) ! help ( all ! res\rces ( decorative art2 & "h aga91 o!r build+s n[ be+ erect$ or ab\t to be built confirm ?is conclusion1 t our ar*itects & ! public are beg9n+ to appreciate ! importance bo? ( ! int]ior design ( a build+ & ( ! collaboration ( all ! arts1--z = in/ance1 9 ! new ,appellate ,c\rt 9 ,new ,york4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vi ,,tr9ity ,,*ur*1 ,,new ,,york ,,city ,comp>+ ! li/ ( #ahii ) t ( #ahhe1 ! progress ( our national ar*itecture 9 f\rte5 ye>s becomes v evid5t4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,capitol & ! ,tr9ity ,*ur*es 9 ,new ,york & ,bo/on are ! only build+s common to bo? li/s4 ,six ( ! build+s on ! ,,bro*ure li/ 71 9 #ahhe1 ei!r incomplete or n yet begun3 ^! are ! ,bo/on1 ,congressional & ,columbia ,libr>ies1 ! ,madison ,squ>e ,g>d51 ,/4 ,patrick's ,ca!dral & ! ,biltmore resid5ce4 ,! ,ca!dral1 h[ev]1 want$ only its spires2 b its appe>ance on ! ,,bro*ure li/ is und\bt$ly due to ! spires m ?an any o!r elem5t 9 its design4 ,9 #ahhe ,mr4 ,h4 ,h4 ,ri*>dson 0 ! "o bright & p>ticul> /> on ! ar*itectural horizon 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates3 "o-half ( ! #ahhe li/ ( build+s 7 8 "w4 ,only "o ( ^! rema9s on ! new li/1--,tr9ity ,*ur* 9 ,bo/on1 d\btless on ! :ole 8 greate/ "w4 ,! /yle :i* he made 8 own1 & :i* 0 !n at ! height ( popul> favor1 borne on ! wave ( admiration = ! real /r5g? & orig9ality ( 8 works1 has wan$1 z all fa%ions mu/ wane :i* are n ! result ( a spontane\s movem5t ( ta/e1 b ride into favor on ! back ( "s pass+ :im or on ! m]it ( ! a*ievem5ts ( "s "o p]son or cot]ie4 ,no ar*itectural p]iod c be truly great t dep5ds ^u "o man or set ( m5 = its great works4 ,x is p]haps n amiss to say a few words reg>d+ build+s ( second>y m]it & ( m9or importance 9 co/ & size4 ,^! may be z significant crit]ia ( ar*itectural ta/e & progress z ^? mo/ conspicu\s = gr&eur & beauty4 ,x is q possible = ! ar*itectural en]gy ( "o place or p]iod to be conc5trat$ on a small numb] ( great works1 & = an equal am\nt ( en]gy & ability 9 ano!r place or p]iod to be exp5d$ on a l>g] numb] ( less important build+s4 ,! av]age quality ( our ar*itecture1 & ! quality ( our ord9>y e-day ar*itecture1 are p]haps z important z t ( ! t5 mo/ beautiful build+s2 & ! fact t ! we/ & s\? h s small a repres5tation 9 ! ,,bro*ure li/s by no means argues a correspond+ defici5cy ( good ar*itecture4 ,yet aft] all1 :5 all is said1 ! great & noble build+s1 ! highe/ & gr&e/ triumphs ( ar*itecture are ! only ones :i* pr(\ndly affect ! imag9ations & k9dle ! arti/ic aspirations ( m52 & :5 a community becomes s p]vad$ ) ! arti/ic _s t works ( art furni% ! readie/1 mo/ natural & complete expression ( its ideals & en?usiasms1 great works w result :5ev] !re are en?usiasms & ideals wor?y ( monum5tal expression4 ,f ?is po9t ( view ! ,columbian & ,omaha ,expositions1 & ! ,new ,york ,naval ,ar* ( ,triumph--:i*1 ow+ to _! transitory & tempor>y "*1 no d\bt1 h f\nd no place on ! ,,bro*ure li/s--seem to me 9 ! highe/ degree significant & enc\rag+4 ,& ! public libr>ies1 ,/4 ,john's ,ca!dral & ! ,phebe ,he>/ competition are fur!r evid5ce 9 ! same direction4 ,illu/ration3 ,,madison ,,squ>e ,,g>d5 ,,new ,,york ,,city ,a ^w might also be said = c]ta9 build+s :i* f\nd no place on ei!r ! ,fir/ or ,second li/1 b :i* compet5t critics might assign to "o or ! o!r li/ 9 pref]5ce to "s t appe> on !m4 ,!re is = in/ance1 ,mr4 ,ri*>dson's ,woburn ,libr>y1 :i* "s consid] 8 mo/ beautiful "w next to ,tr9ity ,*ur*2 ! new ,/ate ,capitols ( ,m9nesota & ,rhode ,isl& 7! latt] n q f9i%$72 ! ,treasury ,build+ & ,:ite ,h\se at ,wa%+ton2 ! ,temple ,emmanuel2 ! ,metropolitan ,life ,build+2 ,metropolitan ,club & ,cornelius ,v&]bilt's resid5ce 9 ,new ,york2 ! ,univ]sity gr\p at ,*>lottesville1 ,va42 ! ,omaha ,exposition & ! ,dewey ,ar*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vii ,,madison ,,squ>e ,,g>d51 ,,new ,,york ,,city ,b ! task assign$ me 0 ! discussion ( ! ,,bro*ure li/s1 n ( o!r possible li/s2 & ,i close ) ! sugge/ion t a vote e t5 or e five ye>s w\ld af=d a mo/ valuable & int]e/+ gauge ( ! movem5ts ( ta/e & ( ! progress ( ar*itecture 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,illu/ration3 ,,madison ,,squ>e ,,g>d5 ,,new ,,york ,,city ,! foll[+ li/ names1 9 ord] ( pref]5ce1 ^? t5 build+s :i* receiv$ ! highe/ numb] ( votes aft] ! fir/ t5 nam$ 9 ! li/ giv5 on page #c4 ,i4 ,,corcoran ,,art ,,gall]y1 ,,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 ,erne/ ,flagg1 ,ar*itect4 ,,ii4 ,,h\se ,,( ,w4 ,k4 ,,v&]bilt1 ,,new ,,york ,,city4 ,ri*>d ,m4 ,hunt1 ,ar*itect4 ,,iii4 ,,f9e ,,arts ,,build+1 ,,*icago1 ,,ill4 ,*>les ,b4 ,atwood1 ,ar*itect4 ,,iv4 ,,new ,,york ,,/ate ,,capitol1 ,,albany1 ,n4,y4 ,h4 ,h4 ,ri*>dson & o!rs1 ,ar*itects4 ,v4 ,,hotel ,,ponce ,,de ,,leon1 ,,/4 ,,augu/9e1 ,,fla4 ,messrs4 ,c>rre & ,ha/+s1 ,ar*itects4 ,,vi4 ,,c\rt ,,h\se ,,& ,,jail1 ,,pittsburgh1 ,,pa4 ,h4 ,h4 ,ri*>dson1 ,ar*itect4 ,,vii4 ,,c5tury ,,club1 ,,new ,,york ,,city4 ,mc,kim1 ,mead ,:ite1 ,ar*itects4 ,,viii4 ,,/ate ,,capitol1 ,,h>t=d1 ,,conn4 ,h4 ,h4 ,ri*>dson1 ,ar*itect4 ,,ix4 ,,am]ican ,,surety ,,build+1 ,,new ,,york ,,city4 ,bruce ,price1 ,ar*itect4 ,x4 ,,univ]sity ,,club1 ,,new ,,york ,,city4 ,mc,kim1 ,mead ,:ite1 ,ar*itects4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 #ahhe1 f\rte5 ye>s ago1 ! read]s ( ,! ,am]ican ,ar*itect 7,bo/on7 7 invit$ to "n1 by a cons5sus ( votes1 _! *oice ( ! !n mo/ beautiful build+s 9 ,am]ica4 ,! vot+ result$ 9 a li/ ( ! foll[+ t5 build+s3-- ,i4 ,,tr9ity ,,*ur*1 ,,bo/on4 ,gambrill ,ri*>dson1 ,ar*itects4 ,,ii4 ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,capitol1 ,,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 ,hallet1 ,?ornton1 ,hadfield1 ,hoban1 ,latrobe1 ,bulf9*1 ,walt] & ,cl>k1 ,ar*itects4 ,,iii4 ,,h\se ,,( ,w4 ,k4 ,,v&]bilt1 ,,new ,,york4 ,r4 ,m4 ,hunt1 ,ar*itect4 ,,iv4 ,,tr9ity ,,*ur*1 ,,new ,,york4 ,ri*>d ,upjohn1 ,ar*itect4 ,v4 ,,jeff]son ,,m>ket ,,c\rt-,,h\se1 ,,new ,,york4 ,f4 ,c4 ,)]s1 ,ar*itect4 ,,vi4 ,,/ate ,,capitol1 ,,h>t=d1 ,,conn4 ,ri*>d ,upjohn1 ,ar*itect4 ,,vii4 ,,city ,,hall1 ,,albany1 ,n4,y4 ,h4 ,h4 ,ri*>dson1 ,ar*itect4 ,,viii4 ,,sev] ,,hall1 ,,cambridge1 ,,mass4 ,h4 ,h4 ,ri*>dson1 ,ar*itect4 ,,ix4 ,,/ate ,,capitol1 ,,albany1 ,n4,y4 ,h4 ,h4 ,ri*>dson & o!rs1 ,ar*itects4 ,x4 ,,t[n ,,hall1 ,,nor? ,,ea/on1 ,,mass4 ,h4 ,h4 ,ri*>dson1 ,ar*itect4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,madison ,,squ>e ,,g>d51 ,,detail ,,new ,,york ,,city ,! ,,capitol ,,at ,,wa%+ton is #gea feet 9 l5g? & #aba to #cbd feet wide1 consi/+ ( a ma9 edifice ( s&/one1 pa9t$ :ite1 & ( two w+s ( :ite m>ble1 & cov]s an area ( #c-a_/b acres4 ,! site 0 select$ by a ,fr5* eng9e]1 ,pet] ,*>les ,l',enfant 9 #agia1 & ! design = ! fir/ build+--a compromise betwe5 ! plans ( ,/eph5 ,hallet & ,dr4 ,william ,?ornton1--0 *os5 by competition 9 #agib4 ,9 #agie ,george ,hadfield 0 plac$ 9 *>ge ( ! "w1 & 0 succe$$ 9 #agih by ,james ,hoban1 nei!r ( :om made important *anges 9 ,?ornton's designs4 ,9 #ahad ! build+ consi/$ ( two small w+s connect$ by a wood5 bridge2 & 9 t ye> ! /ructure 0 damag$ by fire set by ! ,briti%4 ,b5jam9 ,h5ry ,latrobe1 :o 0 appo9t$ 9 #ahjc1 cont9u$ 9 *>ge until #ahag1 :5 he resign$1 turn+ ov] 8 po/ & plans to ,*>les ,bulf9* ( ,bo/on1--! fir/ ,am]ican-born ar*itect ( ! ,capitol4 ,bulf9* complet$ ! c5tral /ructure1 & cr[n$ x ) ! orig9al l[ dome4 ,9 #ahbh ! old capitol 0 sub/antially complet$1 & ! (fice ( ar*itect aboli%$4 ,9 #ahdc1 x be+ necess>y to enl>ge ! =m] /ructure1 plans 7 adv]tis$ =1 & 9 #ahej ^? ( ,t4 ,u4 ,walt] ( ,philadelphia 7 accept$4 ,! additions made ! old dome look insignificant1 & ,walt] design$ ! pres5t "o1 :i* 0 complet$ 9 #ahfc4 ,! t]races & ! approa*es1 begun 9 #ahhb1 are ! "w ( ,edw>d ,cl>k4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,viii ,,/4 ,,patrick',s ,,ca!dral1 ,,new ,,york ,,city ,! ,,bo/on ,,public ,,libr>y1 begun 9 #ahhh1 0 complet$ 9 #ahie4 ,! build+ is #bbe feet long1 #bbg feet deep1 & #gj feet 9 height f ! sidewalk to ! top ( ! cornice4 ,! mat]ial ( :i* ! ext]ior is con/ruct$ is grayi%-:ite ,mil=d granite4 ,al?\gh ! ar*itects ( ?is build+ 7 (ficially ! firm ( ,messrs4 ,mc,kim1 ,mead ,:ite ( ,new ,york ,city1 ! s5ior memb]1 ,mr4 ,mc,kim1 0 ! actual ar*itect4 ,*>les ,foll5 ,mc,kim 0 born 9 ,p5nsylvania 9 #ahdg4 ,he /udi$ at ! ,h>v>d ,sci5tific ,s*ool1 9 a ,new ,york ar*itect's (fice1 & 9 a ,p>isian ateli] connect$ ) ! ,ecole des ,beaux-,arts4 ,william ,ru!r=d ,mead 0 born 9 ,brattleboro1 ,vt41 9 #ahdf1 & graduat$ f ,amh]/ ,college 9 #ahfg4 ,= "s ye>s he /udi$ 9 an ar*itect's (fice 9 ,new ,york1 & !n w5t to ,p>is1 /udy+ !re & else:]e 9 ,europe4 ,/an=d ,:ite 0 born 9 ,new ,york ,city 9 #ahec4 ,he grew up 9 ! (fice ( ,gambrill ,ri*>dson1 & betwe5 #ahgh & #ahhj /udi$ 9 ,europe4 ,! pres5t firm ( ,mc,kim1 ,mead ,:ite 0 =m$ 9 #ahhj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,patrick',s ,,ca!dral ,,new ,,york ,,city ,,tr9ity ,,*ur*1 ,,bo/on1 ,h5ry ,hobson ,ri*>dson1 ar*itect1 0 complet$ 9 #ahgg4 ,x is 9 ! %ape ( a ,lat9 ,cross ) a semi-circul> apse add$ to ! ea/]n arm4 ,a c5tral t[]1 #baa feet high1 rises f pi]s at ! cross+ ( ! nave & transepts4 ,! *apel is connect$ ) ! ma9 /ructure by an op5 cloi/]4 ,! extreme wid? ( ! *ur* is #aba feet2 ! extreme l5g?1 #afj4 ,! mat]ial employ$ 9 ! body ( ! /ructure is ,d$ham granite1 ) br[n free/one trimm+s1 & x is ro($ ) r$ tiles4 ,! por*1 %[n 9 ! small view on page #i1 0 contemplat$ 9 ,mr4 ,ri*>dson's orig9al design1 & 0 add$ 9 #ahig-h f 8 sket*es1 by 8 successors1 ,messrs4 ,%epley1 ,rutan ,coolidge ( ,bo/on4 ,h5ry ,hobson ,ri*>dson 0 born 9 ,l\isiana 9 #ahch4 ,he 0 educat$ at ,h>v>d1 & matriculat$ 9 #ahei1 & imm$iately aft] 8 graduation w5t to ,p>is to /udy ar*itecture4 ,a ye> lat] he 0 admitt$ to ! ,ecole des ,beaux-,arts1 /udy+ 9 ! ateli] ( ,&r4 ,dur+ ! w> 8 fa!r lo/ 8 prop]ty1 & ,ri*>dson 0 =c$ to support himself by work+ z a draughtsman 9 ! (fices ( ,fr5* ar*itects2 & x 0 only 9 #ahfe t he return$1 & *ose ,new ,york z ! place 9 :i* to try 8 =tunes4 ,8 fir/ commission1 won 9 competition = ! design ( a *ur* 9 ,spr+field1 ,mass41 came to him only aft] he _h be5 a ye> at home1 b ?is br\ght o!r "w2 & by #ahff he 0 fairly laun*$ 9 pr(essional life4 ,9 #ahfg he ent]$ p>tn]%ip ) ,*>les ,gambrill 9 ,new ,york4 ,aft] ! dissolution ( ?is p>tn]%ip 9 #ahgh1 he remov$ to ,brookl9e1 ,mass41 & !re he rema9$ until 8 dea? 9 #ahhf4 ,,! ,,congressional ,,libr>y1 ,,wa%+ton4 ,9 #ahgc ,congress pass$ a bill invit+ plans 9 competition = ! propos$ build+1 & ^? ( ,messrs4 ,john ,l4 ,smi?mey] & ,paul ,j4 ,peltz1 bo? ( ,wa%+ton1 7 select$4 ,b betwe5 ! ye>s #ahgd1 :5 !y 7 (ficially recogniz$ z ar*itects ( ! build+1 & #ahhf1 :5 ,congress f9ally appropriat$ money to beg9 x1 !y _h to endure great political pressure1 & _! plans und]w5t _m modifications & improvem5ts4 ,f9ally 9 #ahhf1 aft] a bitt] fight1 !y 7 in/all$ z ar*itects ( ! new build+4 ,be=e ! /ructure _h ris5 above ! f\ndations1 h[ev]1 a new act ( ,congress repeal$ all t _h previ\sly be5 legislat$ ab\t ! build+1 & put its con/ruction "u ! sole control ( ! *ief eng9e] ( ! army1 ,g5]al ,casey4 ,mr4 ,smi?mey] 0 dis*>g$ z ar*itect1 b 8 p>tn]1 ! arti/ic memb] ( ! firm1 ,mr4 ,peltz1 0 reta9$4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahib1 :5 ! /ructure _h rea*$ little m ?an half its int5d$ height1 ,mr4 ,peltz's connection ) ! "w ceas$2 & he 0 succe$$ by ,mr4 ,edw>d ,p4 ,casey ( ,new ,york1 :o cont9u$ z ar*itect ( ! build+ until its completion 9 ,febru>y1 #ahig4 ,! libr>y is #dgj feet long & #cdj deep1 & occupies1 exclusive ( approa*es1 ?ree & ?ree-f\r?s acres4 ,,columbia ,,univ]sity ,,libr>y 0 complet$ 9 #ahih4 ,! ar*itects are ,messrs4 ,mc,kim1 ,mead ,:ite1 :o h be5 ref]r$ to above4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,patrick',s ,,ca!dral1 ,,facade ,,new ,,york ,,city ,,tr9ity ,,*ur*1 ,,new ,,york ,,city1 0 f9i%$ 9 #ahdh4 ,ri*>d ,upjohn1 its ar*itect1 born at ,%aftsbury1 ,eng41 9 #ahjb1 0 giv5 a common-s*ool education1 & aft]w>ds appr5tic$ to a build]1 & engag$ 9 ?is occupation until #ahbi1 :5 he emigrat$ to ,am]ica1 settl+ 9 ,new ,b$=d1 ,mass4 ,"h he pursu$ 8 trade until #ahcc1 :5 he w5t to ,bo/on1 & made "s ar*itectural draw+s = a city c\rt-h\se4 ,he !reaft] cont9u$ ! practice ( ar*itecture ) increas+ reputation1 until1 9 #ahci1 he 0 call$ ^u to rebuild ,tr9ity ,*ur*1 ,new ,york1 :i* "w ga9$ him a national reputation z a *ur* ar*itect4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ix ,,biltmore ,,h\se1 ,,biltmore1 ,n4,c4 ,,madison ,,squ>e ,,g>d51 ,,new ,,york ,,city1 ,mc,kim1 ,meade ,:ite1 ar*itects1 is #dfe feet long & #bjj feet wide1 & its walls are #fe feet high4 ,! ro( is ne>ly flat1 b ! sky-l9es are brok5 by a colonnade :i* rises above ! ro( at ! ,madison ,squ>e ,av5ue end1 & ext5ds along ei!r side = #ajj feet1 by six op5 cupolas ) semi-sph]ical domes1 :i* rise above ! colonnade1 by two t[]s at ! ,fif? ,av5ue corn]1 & by a great squ>e t[] :i* rises f ! ,tw5ty-six? ,/reet side ) its l9es unbrok5 = #bdi feet1 & !n 9 a s]ies ( op5 cupolas4 ,along ! ,madison ,av5ue end1 & ext5d+ along ei!r side = a di/ance ( #aej feet is an op5 arcade1 :i* cov]s ! sidewalk1 & ! ro( ( :i* re/s ^u pill>s ( poli%$ granite & pi]s ( brick4 ,! top ( ! arcade is laid out z a prom5ade4 ,on ! top ( ! t[] is pois$ a h]oic figure ( ,diana1 #ccb feet f ! sidewalk1 design$ by ,/4 ,gaud5s4 ,! mat]ials ( ! build+ are buff brick & t]ra-cotta4 ,x 0 complet$ 9 #ahij4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,patrick',s ,,ca!dral1 ,,int]ior ,,new ,,york ,,city ,,/4 ,,patrick',s ,,ca!dral1 ,,new ,,york ,,city1 0 op5$ 9 #ahgi1 al?\gh ! spires 7 n f9i%$ until #ahhg4 ,built ( :ite m>ble1 its ma9 dim5sions are3 l5g? #cjf feet1 bread?1 includ+ *apels #abj feet1 l5g? ( transepts #adj feet1 height ( nave #ajh feet4 ,! pr9cipal front on ,fif? ,av5ue consi/s ( a gable1 #aef feet 9 height1 flank$ by tw9 spires1 #ccj feet high4 ,james ,r5wick1 ! ar*itect1 0 born 9 ,new ,york ,city 9 #ahah4 ,at ! age ( sixte5 he graduat$ f ,columbia ,college1 &1 foll[+ an inh]it$ ta/e1 ent]$ ! eng9e]+ dep>tm5t ( ! ,croton ,aqu$uct4 ,8 tra9+ 9 ar*itecture 0 entirely self-acquir$4 ,he e>ly manife/$ a fondness = ! ,go?ic /yle1 & z !re 7 !n no ,go?ic build+s ( m]it 9 ,am]ica1 8 k ( x 0 d]iv$ entirely f books4 ,) su* scanty prep>ation he design$ ,grace ,*ur* 9 ,new ,york4 ,lat]1 ,mr4 ,r5wick travell$ 9 ,europe1 & became /ill m impress$ ) ! beauty ( ,go?ic ar*itecture4 ,9 #aheh ! corn]-/one ( ,/4 ,patrick's ,ca!dral 0 laid1 & x 0 ma9ly ?r\gh ?is *ur* t 8 reputation z an ar*itect 0 e/abli%$4 ,x 0 8 life "w2 he reg>d$ x z 8 favorite *ild1 & nev] ceas$ to grieve t 8 orig9al plan1 :i* contemplat$ a c5tral lant]n & a *evet1 & :i* w\ld h cov]$ ! entire block betwe5 ,fif? & ,madison ,av5ues1 _h be5 cut d[n = reasons ( economy4 ,mr4 ,r5wick di$ 9 #ahie4 ,,biltmore ,,h\se1 at ,,biltmore1 ,n4,c41 ! resid5ce ( ,mr4 ,george ,v&]bilt1 0 complet$ 9 #ahig4 ,its ma9 g5]al dim5sions are1 #aeb by #cgc feet4 ,indiana lime/one 0 us$ 9 its con/ruction4 ,ri*>d ,m4 ,hunt1 its ar*itect1 0 born 9 ,brattleboro1 ,vt41 9 #ahbg4 ,he graduat$ f ! ,bo/on ,high ,s*ool 9 #ahdc1 & 9 ! same ye>1 hav+ already *os5 8 pr(ession1 he w5t to ,europe4 ,9 #ahde he ent]$ ! ateli] ( ,hector ,lefuel 9 ,p>is1 & = n9e ye>s pursu$ 8 /udies at ! ,ecole des ,beaux-,arts4 ,9 #ahed 8 patron hav+ be5 put 9 *>ge ( ! new "w on ! ,l\vre1 ,hunt 0 appo9t$ inspector1 & "u ,lefuel design$ ! ,pavillion de la ,biblio?que4 ,9 #ahee he return$ to ,new ,york1 & began 8 ,am]ican c>e]1 t[>d #ahgj tak+ up ! class ( "w by :i* he is be/ kn[n4 ,he di$ at ,newport 9 #ahie4 ,illu/ration3 ,,city ,,hall ,,new ,,york ,,city ,! ?ird & pres5t ,,city ,,hall ,,( ,,new ,,york ,,city 0 project$ 9 #ahjb1 :5 a premium 0 publicly (f]$ = ! be/ design4 ,! aw>d 0 giv5 to ,messrs4 ,mang9 7a ,fr5*man7 & ,macomb1--ar*itects conc]n+ :om v little au!ntic in=mation is obta9able4 ,x 0 f9i%$ 9 #ahab4 ,! corn]-/one ( ! build+ 0 laid by ,mayor ,edw>d ,liv+/one4 ,! build+ consi/s ( a c5tral /ructure ( two /ories & an attic1 surm\nt$ by a cupola1 & two w+s ( two /ories ea*4 ,! ar*itects' orig9al design provid$ a p$im5t = ! base ( ! cupola1 %[+ ! city arms & bas-reliefs4 ,! ,city ,hall1 :5 cross-section$1 nor? & s\?1 resembles ! ,regi/] (fice 9 ,ed9burgh1 design$ by ! ,bro!rs ,adam4 ,! front & sides are ( :ite m>ble1 ) br[n free/one basem5t4 ,free/one 0 us$ = ! re> because ! build+ !n /ood s f> out ( t[n t x 0 ?\ght n wor? :ile to build x ( m>ble4 ,a broad flight ( /eps leads f ! s\? to an ,ionic colonnade4 ,! cupola is surm\nt$ by a /atue ( ,ju/ice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,x ,,city ,,hall1 ,,new ,,york ,,city ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,italics are indicat$ by und]scores4 ,small capitals h be5 r5d]$ 9 full capitals4 ,a numb] ( m9or spell+ errors h be5 correct$ )\t note4