,transcrib]'s note3 ,text enclos$ by und]scores is 9 italics 7italics74 ,text enclos$ by equal signs is 9 bold face 7bold74 ,,sir ,,jo%ua ,,reynolds' ,,disc\rses3 ,edit$1 ) an ,introduction1 by ,,hel5 ,,zimm]n4 ,walt] ,scott ,london3 #bd ,w>wick ,lane ,pat]no/] ,r[ #ahhg ,,cont5ts4 ,,disc\rse ,i4 ,,page ,! advantages proce$+ f ! in/itution ( a ,royal ,academy4--,h9ts (f]$ to ! consid]ation ( ! ,pr(essors & visitors4--,t an implicit ob$i5ce to ! rules ( ,art be exact$ f ! "y /ud5ts4--,t a premature disposition to a ma/]ly dext]ity be repress$4--,t dilig5ce be con/antly recomm5d$1 & 7t x may be effectual7 direct$ to its prop] object #a ,,disc\rse ,,ii4 ,! c\rse & ord] ( /udy4--,! diff]5t /ages ( ,art4--,mu* copy+ disc\nt5anc$4--,! ,arti/ at all times & 9 all places %\ld be employ$ 9 lay+ up mat]ials = ! ex]cise ( 8 ,art #aj ,,disc\rse ,,iii4 ,! great lead+ pr9ciples ( ! gr& /yle4--,( beauty4--,! g5u9e habits ( nature to be di/+ui%$ f ^? ( fa%ion #be ,,disc\rse ,,iv4 ,g5]al ideas ! presid+ pr9ciple :i* regulates e "p ( ,art2 ,inv5tion1 ,expression1 ,col\r+1 & ,drap]y4--,two di/9ct /yles 9 hi/ory-pa9t+2 ! gr& & ! ornam5tal4--,! s*ools 9 :i* ea* is to be f\nd4--,! composite /yle4--,! /yle =m$ on local cu/oms & habits1 or a p>tial view ( nature #ci ,,disc\rse ,v4 ,circumspection requir$ 9 endeav\r+ to unite contr>y excell5cies4--,! expression ( a mix$ passion n to be attempt$4--,examples ( ^? :o excell$ 9 ! great /yle4--,raffaelle1 ,mi*el ,angelo1 ^? two extraord9>y m5 comp>$ ) ea* o!r4--,! *>act]i/ical /yle4--,salvator ,rosa m5tion$ z an example ( t /yle2 & oppos$ to ,c>lo ,m>atti4--,sket* ( ! *>act]s ( ,p\ss9 & ,rub5s4--,^! two ,pa9t]s entirely dissimil>1 b consi/5t ) !mselves4--,?is consi/5cy requir$ 9 all p>ts ( ! ,art #eh ,,disc\rse ,,vi4 ,imitation4--,g5ius beg9s :]e rules end4--,inv5tion2 acquir$ by be+ conv]sant ) ! inv5tions ( o!rs4--,! true me?od ( imitat+4--,borr[+1 h[ f> all[able4--,some?+ to be ga!r$ f e s*ool #gd ,,disc\rse ,,vii4 ,! reality ( a /&>d ( ta/e z well z ( corporal beauty4--,beside ?is immutable tru?1 !re are second>y tru?s1 :i* are v>iable2 bo? requir+ ! att5tion ( ! ,arti/1 9 proportion to _! /ability or _! influ5ce #ih ,,disc\rse ,,viii4 ,! pr9ciples ( ,art1 :e!r ,poetry or ,pa9t+1 h _! f\ndation 9 ! m9d2 su* z novelty1 v>iety1 & contra/2 ^! 9 _! excess become defects4--,simplicity1 its excess disagreeable4--,rules n to be always obs]v$ 9 _! lit]al s5se2 suffici5t to pres]ve ! _s ( ! law4--,obs]vations on ! ,prize ,pictures #abi ,,disc\rse ,,ix4 ,on ! removal ( ! ,royal ,academy to ,som]set ,place4--,! advantages to ,society f cultivat+ intellectual pleasure #aed ,,disc\rse ,x4 ,sculpture3 ,has b "o /yle4--,its objects1 =m1 & "*4--,ineffectual attempts ( ! mod]n ,sculptors to improve ! art4--,ill effects ( mod]n dress 9 ,sculpture #aeh ,,disc\rse ,,xi4 ,g5ius3 ,consi/s pr9cipally 9 ! compreh5sion ( ,a :ole2 9 tak+ g5]al ideas only #agd ,,disc\rse ,,xii4 ,p>ticul> me?ods ( /udy ( little consequ5ce--,little ( ! art c be taught4--,love ( me?od (t5 a love ( idl5ess4--,pittori improvvisatori apt to be c>eless & incorrect2 seldom orig9al & /rik+3--,?is proce$s f _! n /udy+ ! works ( o!r ma/]s #aij ,,disc\rse ,,xiii4 ,art n m]ely imitation1 b "u ! direction ( ! ,imag9ation4--,9 :at mann] ,poetry1 ,pa9t+1 ,act+1 ,g>d5+1 & ,ar*itecture dep>t f ,nature #baa ,,disc\rse ,,xiv4 ,"* ( ,ga9sbor\gh3 8 excell5cies & defects #bcj ,,disc\rse ,,xv4 ,! ,presid5t takes leave ( ! ,academy4--,a ,review ( ! ,disc\rses4--,! /udy ( ! ,works ( ,mi*el ,angelo recomm5d$ #bdh ,,! ,,idl]1 ,no4 #gf4 ,false ,criticisms on ,pa9t+ #bfi ---- ,no4 #gi4 ,! ,gr& ,/yle ( ,pa9t+ #bge ---- ,no4 #hb4 ,! true idea ( ,beauty #bgi ,,introduction4 ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds--to :om is ! "n unfamili>8 to :om1 he>+ x1 does n appe> 9 m5tal vision ! equally famili> autograph portrait ( ! deaf arti/8 ,?is picture1 pa9t$ orig9ally = ,mr4 ,?rale1 %[s u ! pa9t] 9 8 habit z he liv$1 spectacles on nose1 e>-trumpet 9 h&--9 %ort1 exactly z he 0 kn[n to 8 intimates 9 8 latt] days 9 dome/ic life4 ,ano!r autograph picture ( ! arti/ 9 y\ng] life hangs to-day 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,close by is se5 ! portrait by ! same h& ( 8 equally illu/ri\s fri5d1 bluff1 common-s5se ,dr4 ,johnson1 :om he repres5ts z read+ & hold+ 8 book close to 8 eyes aft] ! mann] ( ! %ort-sight$4 ,x w\ld seem t ?is mode ( repres5tation r\s$ ,dr4 ,johnson's ire4 ,x is n fri5dly1 he rem>k$1 to h& d[n to po/]ity ! imp]fections ( any p]son4 ,?is comm5t ( ! doctor's is equally *>act]i/ic ( ! man & 8 times4 ,at s l[ an ebb 0 art & art criticism 9 ^? days1 t p less le>n$ ?an ,johnson fail$ to grasp ! tru? ( ,reynolds' dictum1 n[ become almo/ a commonplace1 t a portrait b receives enhanc$ value z a human & hi/orical docum5t if x makes u acqua9t$ ) any natural peculi>ity t *>act]ises ! p]son del9eat$4 ,johnson rebell$ aga9/ ! notion he d$uc$ f ?is circum/ance t ,sir ,jo%ua w\ld make him kn[n to po/]ity by 8 defects only2 he v[$ to ,mrs4 ,?rale he w\ld n be s kn[n4 ,let ,sir ,jo%ua d 8 wor/1 4 4 4 he may pa9t himself z deaf z he *ooses1 b ,i w n be bl9k+ ,sam4 ,9 ?is anecdote1 9 ?is juxtaposition ( two great names1 ea* ?or\ghly repres5tative ( _! epo*1 c be trac$ bo? ! cause ( ,sir ,jo%ua's success1 & ( ! difficulties aga9/ :i* he _h to /rive4 ,reynolds may ) tru? be nam$ ! fa!r ( mod]n ,engli% art1 = be=e him ,engli% art c sc>cely be said to h exi/$1 s9ce :at 0 produc$ on ,briti% soil 0 *iefly ! "w ( =eign]s4 ,! records ev5 ( ?is old] art are suffici5tly b>r54 ,x w\ld appe> t 9 ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,iii4 "s =eign arti/s 7 invit$ ov] to decorate ,w9*e/] ,ca/le1 b ( !m & _! works little trace rema9s4 ,at ! "t :5 ,italy 0 produc+ h] ma/]pieces no native arti/ ( :om we h record b$aub$ canvas 9 ,great ,brita92 & :5 ! pomp-lov+ ,h5ry ,,viii4 wi%$ to vie ) 8 great contempor>ies1 ,*>les ,v41 ,leo ,x41 & ,francis ,i41 he _h to turn to ! ,cont95t = ! m5 to execute 8 desires4 ,t he himself _h no true ta/e or love = ! arts is well kn[n2 x 0 purely ! _s ( emulation t prompt$ him4 ,h[ crude 7 8 own art notions may be ga!r$ f ! writt5 in/ructions he left = a monum5t to 8 memory4 ,!y s]ve equally to illu/rate ! /ate ( public ta/e 9 ,engl& at a p]iod :5 ,italy 0 inspir$ by ! g5ius ( ,mi*ael ,angelo1 ( ,raphael1 & ( ,titian4 ,! memor&um directs t ! k+ %all appe> on horseback1 ( ! /ature ( a goodly man2 :ile ov] him %all appe> ! image ( ,god ! ,fa!r1 hold+ ! k+'s s\l 9 8 left h&1 & 8 "r ext5d$ 9 ! act ( b5$iction4 ,?is "w 0 to h be5 execut$ 9 bronze1 & 0 consid]ably advanc$ :5 ,elizabe? put a /op to its progress4 ,x 0 aft]w>ds sold by ! ,puritan p>liam5t = six hundr$ p\nds4 ,/ill1 = all 8 own arti/ic incapacity1 x is m ?an probable t _h n ,h5ry1 = private dome/ic reasons1 adopt$ ! ,re=m$ fai?1 ,engl& "u 8 reign might h witness$ a prosp]\s art p]iod1 :i*1 x is true1 w\ld n h be5 native art1 b might h giv5 impetus t[>ds its bir?4 ,?ack]ay 0 fond ( say+ t x 0 no idle speculation to suppose :at w\ld h happ5$ _h ,napoleon won ! battle ( ,wat]loo4 ,to ^? :o love su* fruitless m5tal sports x may prove no idle speculation to pond] :at w\ld h happ5$ _h ,h5ry's amor\s desires n l$ him to lib]ate himself & 8 nation f ! bosom ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,en\gh t ! facts are !re1 & t ) ! fir/ ard\r ( ,prote/ant zeal !re also made itself felt a *ill+ influ5ce1 ca/+ a blight ov] lit]ature & art1 & m especially ov] art1 till !n s almo/ exclusively ! h&maid5 ( religion1 t a "w ( art came to be reg>d$ z a symbol & remembrance ( pop]y1 & pa9t+ & sculpture 7 consci5ti\sly disc\rag$ z t5d+ to enc\rage idolatry & sup]/ition & to m9i/] to passion & luxury4 ,que5 ,m>y1 ,elizabe?1 & ,james ,i41 ea* 9 _! way gave "s enc\ragem5t to =eign arti/s1 su* z ,moro1 ,zuc*]o1 & ,myt5s1 b _! patronage 0 purely p]sonal1 & did n op]ate ^u ! ta/e ( ! nation4 ,m ext5d$ influ5ce 0 ex]cis$ by ,*>les ,i4 ,?is mon>* _h a real love & und]/&+ = art1 & "u him ,rub5s & ,v&yke employ$ _! p5cils4 ,he also b\ght _m pictures1 & enc\rag$ 8 nobles to d ! l4 ,at lea/1 among ! upp] classes ! n>r[ ,puritan art views 7 greatly c\nt]act$4 ,b ,*>les _h to lay 8 head ^u ! block1 & ,puritanism _h full] & m un*eck$ sway ?an ev] be=e1 creat+ influ5ces :i* to ?is v day are n :olly ext9ct1 ?\gh happily 9 _! dea? ?roes4 ,_! late/ survival is ! ,briti% ,matron :o writes to ! ,times d5\nc+ mod]n pictures t displease h] individual ta/e1 & ! arti/s1 happily r>e & few1 :o prea* t ! /udy ( ! nude & anatomy is no ess5tial "p ( a pa9t]'s education4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,*>les a g5]al wreck ( works ( art ensu$4 ,:atev] surviv$ ! bigotry ( ! ,puritans 0 sacrific$ to supply _! pecuni>y necessities4 ,a curi\s mixture ( sup]/ition & covet\sness 0 display$4 ,! j\rnals ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons ( #afde af=d "s int]e/+ read+ l ! foll[+3--,ord]$3 t all pictures & sket*es z are )\t sup]/ition %all be =?) sold = ! b5efit ( ,irel& & ! nor?4 ,ord]$3 t all su* pictures z h ! repres5tation ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y ^u !m %all be =?) burnt4 ,ord]$3 t all su* pictures z h ! repres5tation ( ! ,second ,p]son ( ! ,tr9ity ^u !m %all be =?) burnt4 ,x seems1 h[ev]1 t ^! ord]s 7 n q /rictly execut$4 ,! ,puritan consci5ce hav+ be5 reliev$ by ?is edict1 _m prohibit$ pictures 7 sold at a high price to swell ! c(f]s ( ! zealots4 ,aft] ?is x is ne$less to rem>k t art did n fl\ri% "u ! ,commonweal?4 ,) ! ,re/oration we f9d ,lely practis+ 8 me?od ( portrait-pa9t+1 succe$$ by ,sir ,godfrey ,knell]1 nei!r1 h[ev]1 be+ ,engli%m54 ,! era ( ,george ,i4 produc$ z native pa9t]s1 ,ri*>dson & ,sir ,james ,?ornhill2 "u ,george ,,ii4 ,hudson fl\ri%$2 x 0 res]v$ to ! long reign ( ,george ,,iii4 to see ! bir? ( :at c be truly t]m$ art1 ( :at alone c measure itself ) ! nations ( ! ,cont95t4 ,hog>? 0 ! fir/ ^u ! li/1 b ,hog>?1 inimitable z he is1 0 r a satiri/ ?an an arti/ 9 ! full acceptation ( ! t]m4 ,( beauty ( draughtman%ip1 ( col\r1 we f9d next to no?+ 9 8 canvasses4 ,toge!r ) him fl\ri%$ ,hudson1 & a little lat] ,wilson & ,ga9sbor\gh1 :o1 l himself1 &1 inde$1 l all ,engli% arti/s up to t "t1 _h imbib$ _! tea*+ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ,fl&]s1 produc+ exact & c>eful "w--inde$1 9 ,ga9sbor\gh's case1 "w ( real beauty--b lack+ on ! side ( poetical feel+ & elevation4 ,su* a me?od mu/ be reg>d$ z ! infancy ( art1 its purely obs]vant b un?9k+ side4 ,x 0 res]v$ to ,reynolds to op5 out to ,engli% und]/&+ ! vi/a ( ,italian art1 ) its glories1 its p]fections1 & x is ow+ to 8 ,disc\rses1 ev5 m ?an to 8 works1 t ?is mighty revolution came ab\t2 a revolution s mighty1 s important1 t = its sake alone1 _h he nev] limn$ a canvas1 ! "n ( ,reynolds %\ld /& =? pr\dly 9 ! annals ( ,engl&4 ,x 0 he :o1 com+ to ,italy1 already 9 mature manhood1 z a f9i%$ arti/ 9 ! eyes ( 8 c\ntrym51 _h ! p]ception & ! c\rage to admit be=e ! works ( ,raphael & ,mi*ael ,angelo t x 0 ne$ful = him to become z a little *ild & recomm5ce 8 /udies ^u pr9ciples ( :i* hi!rto he 0 ignorant4 ,jo%ua ,reynolds 0 born at ,plympton1 9 ,devon%ire1 ,july #af?1 #agbc1 ! t5? *ild ( ! ,rev4 ,samuel ,reynolds1 rector ( ,plympton & pr9cipal ( ! local gramm> s*ool4 ,8 fa!r 0 ! boy's only in/ructor4 ,he _h de/9$ him1 x w\ld seem1 = ! m$ical pr(ession1 & ,reynolds is kn[n to h said 9 latt] life t if ?is design _h be5 c>ri$ out1 he %\ld h felt ! same det]m9ation to become ! mo/ em95t physician z he !n felt to be ! fir/ pa9t] ( 8 age & c\ntry4 ,x 01 inde$1 8 decid$ op9ion 7an op9ion mod]n psy*ology w\ld h>dly endorse7 t ! sup]iority atta9able 9 any pursuit :atev] does n orig9ate 9 an innate prop5sity ( ! m9d = t pursuit 9 p>ticul>1 b dep5ds on ! g5]al /r5g? ( ! intellect1 & on ! int5se & con/ant application ( t /r5g? to a specific purpose4 ,he held t ambition 0 ! cause ( em95ce1 b t accid5t po9t$ out ! means4 ,x is impossible to decide :e!r or no ,reynolds illu/rates 8 own !ory1 b f :at he said 9 private1 & also 9 8 ,disc\rses1 _m errone\s conclusions are drawn z to ?is po9t4 ,z 8 biograph]1 ,nor?cote1 ju/ly obs]ves1 ,reynolds nev] meant to d5y ! exi/5ce ( g5ius1 suppos+ ! t]m to d5ote a great] degree ( natural capacity 9 "s m9ds ?an o!rs2 b he always cont5d$ /r5u\sly aga9/ ! vulg> & absurd int]pretation ( ! ^w1 :i* supposes t ! same p]son may be a man ( g5ius 9 "o respect1 b utt]ly unfit =1 & almo/ an idiot 9 ev]y?+ else2 & t ?is s+ul> & unacc\ntable faculty is a gift born ) u1 :i* does n ne$ ! assi/ance ( pa9s or culture1 "t or accid5t1 to improve & p]fect x4 ,:atev] ,reynolds' private views on ! subject ( native ta/e ass]t+ itself 9 ! "y1 he himself und\bt$ly %[$ a lik+ = art at an e>ly age1 & 8 ta/e 0 fo/]$ by 8 fa!r1 himself an amateur possess+ a small collection ( anatomical & o!r pr9ts4 ,if ,jo%ua's love ( draw+ did n int]f]e ) 8 o!r /udies1 8 fa!r did n *eck x4 ,?us !re is extant to ?is day a p]spective draw+ ( a bookcase "u :i* ,mr4 ,reynolds has writt51 ,done by ,jo%ua out ( pure idl5ess4 ,x is on ! back ( a ,lat9 ex]cise4 ,he copi$ su* pr9ts z he c\ld f9d 9 8 fa!r's libr>y1 ,jacob ,cats's ,book ( ,emblems furni%+ him ) ! ri*e/ /ore4 ,?is 8 gr&mo!r1 :o 0 a native ( ,holl&1 _h contribut$ to ! family book%elves4 ,:5 he 0 only eight ye>s old he read ) eag]ness ,! ,jesuit's ,p]spective1 & s ?or\ghly did he ma/] its rules t he nev] aft]w>ds _h to /udy any o!r works on ! subject4 ,an application ( ^! rules to practice is pres]v$ 9 a draw+ ( ! gramm> s*ool at ,plympton4 ,x 0 s well done t ! fa!r exclaim$1 ,n[ ?is exemplifies :at ! au?or ( ! ',p]spective' ass]ts1 t by obs]v+ ! rules laid d[n 9 ?is book a man may d wond]s1 = ?is is wond]ful4 ,visitors to ! ,reynolds' ,exhibition1 :i* 0 held 9 ! ,grosv5or ,gall]y 9 #ahhd1 may rememb] ?is little draw+1 :i* 0 among ! exhibits4 ,portraits ( 8 family & fri5ds next occupi$ ,reynolds' y\?ful p5cil1 :ile 8 love ( art 0 influ5c$ by read+ ,ri*>dson's ,treatise ( ,pa9t+4 ,?is book fir/ awoke 9 him 8 en?usia/ic adoration ( ,raffaelle 7( ^: works he _h till !n se5 no?+71 a love he *]i%$ until ! end ( 8 days4 ,at sev5te5 8 lik+ = art %[+ no dim9ution1 ! fa!r decid$ he %\ld foll[ a pa9t]'s c>e]1 & took him to ,london1 :]e he plac$ him "u ,hudson1 ! mo/ em95t arti/ ,engl& c\ld !n boa/4 ,by a curi\s accid5t he 0 ent]$ at ,hudson's on ,/4 ,luke's day1 ! patron sa9t ( art & arti/s4 ,hudson set him at "w at copy+1 a sy/em ,sir ,jo%ua aft]w>ds /r5u\sly condemn$4 ,8 words on ?is matt]1 writt5 9 ! #bnd ,disc\rse1 %\ld be read1 m>k$1 le>n$1 & inw>dly dige/$ by all art pr(essors & /ud5ts--!y are gold5 words ( wisdom4 ,not)/&+ ! ma/]'s inadequate tea*+1 ! pupil made su* progress t he ar\s$ ,hudson's jeal\sy1 :o1 aft] two ye>s' appr5tice%ip1 f\nd a pretext = dismiss+ him4 ,reynolds1 ) :at he _h le>nt1 cont9u$ to pa9t d[n 9 ,devon%ire1 tak+ ! portraits ( ! local magnates4 ,h[ conv5tional 8 /yle 0 at fir/ is prov$ by ! foll[+ anecdote4 ,x 0 a fav\rite attitude ) ! portrait-pa9t]s ( ! "t to repres5t _! model ) "o h& 9 wai/coat & ! hat "u ! arm1 conv5i5t because x disp5s$ ! arti/ f ! difficult task ( pa9t+ ! h&4 ,n[ x happ5$ t "o g5tleman1 ^: portrait ,reynolds pa9t$1 desir$ to h 8 hat on 8 head4 ,! picture1 :i* 0 quickly f9i%$ & pos$ 9 a commonplace attitude1 0 done )\t mu* /udy4 ,:5 s5t home1 x 0 discov]$1 on inspection1 t al?\gh ?is g5tleman 9 8 portrait _h "o hat ^u 8 head1 !re 0 ano!r "u 8 arm4 ,= ?ree ye>s ,reynolds pa9t$ 9 ,devon%ire1 & c]ta9ly improv$ greatly "u 8 own in/ructions & ^? ( ,william ,g&y ( ,exet]1 s t "s ( ! works ( ?is p]iod are und\bt$ly f9e4 ,dur+ ^! fir/ ye>s ( seclusion he taught himself to ?9k z well z to pa9t2 & t ! lab\r ( ! m9d is ! mo/ ess5tial requisite 9 =m+ a great pa9t] is a doctr9e he con/antly inculcates 9 8 ,disc\rses1 di/+ui%+ x f t ( ! h&4 ,he aptly appli$ ! dictum ( ,grotius--,no?+ c come ( no?+--to demon/rate ! necessity ( tea*+4 ,! m ,reynolds ?\ght1 h[ev]1 ! less 0 he satisfi$ ) 8 own p]=mances1 & t he did n see himself progress ) great] spe$ no d\bt frett$ him ! m1 inasmu* z he _h e>ly decl>$ x 8 fix$ op9ion t if he did n prove himself ! be/ pa9t] ( 8 "t1 :5 arriv$ at ! age ( ?irty1 he nev] %\ld4 ,= ! completion ( 8 /udies he unceas+ly felt t he mu/ visit ,italy1 & behold ) 8 own eyes ^? ma/]pieces ( :i* he _h he>d s mu*4 ,*ance (f]$ him a passage to ! ,cont95t 9 ! flag%ip ( ,visc\nt ,keppel1 & ?us1 at ! age ( tw5ty-six1 ,may #aa?1 #agdi1 ,reynolds fir/ set sail = ! ,cont95t1 & = ! l& ( 8 desires & aspirations4 ,on ,sir ,jo%ua's dea? pap]s 7 f\nd on :i* 7 writt5 a numb] ( deta*$ ?\ghts1 jott$ d[n z h9ts = a ,disc\rse1 nev] writt51 9 :i* ! arti/ int5d$ to give a hi/ory ( 8 m9d1 s f> z x conc]n$ 8 art1 8 progress1 /udies1 & practice4 ,"o ( ^! fragm5ts n>rates 8 feel+s on fir/ see+ ! treasures ( ,italian art1 & is suffici5tly rem>kable4 ,x has frequ5tly happ5$1 he writes1 z ,i 0 in=m$ by ! keep] ( ! ,vatican1 t _m ( ^? :om he _h conduct$ ?r\gh ! v>i\s ap>tm5ts ( t edifice1 :5 ab\t to be dismiss$1 h ask$ = ! works ( ,raffaelle1 & w\ld n believe t !y _h already pass$ ?r\gh ! rooms :]e !y are pres]v$2 s little impression _h ^! p]=mances made on !m4 ,"o ( ! fir/ pa9t]s 9 ,france told me t ?is circum/ance happ5$ to himself2 ?\gh he n[ looks on ,raffaelle ) t v5]ation :i* he des]ves f all pa9t]s & lov]s ( art4 ,i rememb] v well my own disappo9tm5t :5 ,i fir/ visit$ ! ,vatican2 b on confess+ my feel+s to a bro!r /ud5t1 ( ^: +5u\sness ,i _h a high op9ion1 he ackn[l$g$ t ! works ( ,raffaelle _h ! same effect on him2 or r1 t !y did n produce ! effect :i* he expect$4 ,?is 0 a great relief to my m9d2 &1 on inquir+ f>!r ( o!r /ud5ts1 ,i f\nd t ^? p]sons only :o f natural imbecility appe>$ to be incapable ( ev] reli%+ ^! div9e p]=mances1 made pret5sions to in/antane\s raptures on fir/ behold+ !m4 ,9 ju/ice to myself1 h[ev]1 ,i mu/ add1 t ?\gh disappo9t$ & mortifi$ at n f9d+ myself enraptur$ ) ! works ( ?is great ma/]1 ,i did n = a mom5t conceive or suppose t ! "n ( ,raffaelle & ^? admirable pa9t+s 9 p>ticul> ow$ _! reputation to ! ignorance & prejudice ( mank9d2 on ! contr>y1 my n reli%+ !m1 z ,i 0 consci\s ,i ought to h done1 0 "o ( ! mo/ humiliat+ ?+s t ev] happ5$ to me4 ,i f\nd myself 9 ! mid/ ( works execut$ ^u pr9ciples ) :i* ,i 0 unacqua9t$4 ,i felt my ignorance1 & /ood aba%$4 ,all ! indige/$ notions ( pa9t+ :i* ,i _h br\ght ) me f ,engl&1 :]e ! art 0 at ! l[e/ ebb--x c\ld n inde$ be l[]--7 to be totally done away ) & eradicat$ f my m9d4 ,x 0 necess>y1 z x is express$ on a v solemn occasion1 t ,i %\ld become z a little *ild4 ,not)/&+ my disappo9tm5t1 ,i proce$$ to copy "s ( ^? excell5t works4 ,i view$ !m aga9 & aga92 ,i ev5 affect$ to feel _! m]its & to admire !m m ?an ,i really did4 ,9 a %ort "t a new ta/e & new p]ceptions began to dawn ^u me1 & ,i 0 conv9c$ t ,i _h orig9ally =m$ a false op9ion ( ! p]fection ( art1 & t ?is great pa9t] 0 well entitl$ to ! high rank :i* he holds 9 ! e/imation ( ! _w4 ,! tru? is1 t if ^! works _h be5 really :at ,i expect$1 !y w\ld h conta9$ beauties sup]ficial & allur+1 b by no means su* z w\ld h entitl$ !m to ! great reputation :i* !y h long & s ju/ly obta9$4 ,x mu/1 ( c\rse1 be borne 9 m9d1 read+ ^! words1 t ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds _h n ! advantages put into ! way to-day1 n only ( art /ud5ts1 b ( e p]son m or less int]e/$ 9 art1 9 ! way ( copies1 photographs1 autotypes1 f ! works & draw+s ( ! great ma/]s4 ,he _h to le>n to und]/&1 & he at once put himself into ! attitude ( ! le>n]1 humbly assur$ t ! fault 9 appreciation mu/ be 9 himself1 n 9 ^? ma/]pieces4 ,8 good s5se told him t ! duration & /ability ( _! fame is suffici5t to ev9ce t x has n be5 susp5d$ ^u ! sl5d] ?read ( fa%ion & caprice1 b b\nd to ! human he>t by e tie ( sympa!tic approbation4 ,hav+ s9ce t p]iod1 cont9ues ,sir ,jo%ua1 frequ5tly revolv$ ! subject 9 my m9d1 ,i am n[ cle>ly ( op9ion t a reli% = ! high] excell5ces ( ! art is an acquir$ ta/e1 :i* no man ev] possess$ )\t long cultivation & great lab\r & att5tion4 ,on su* occasions z t :i* ,i h m5tion$1 we are (t5 a%am$ ( our app>5t dulness1 z if x 7 expect$ t our m9ds1 l t9d]1 %\ld in/antly cat* fire f ! div9e sp>k ( ,raffaelle's g5ius4 ,i flatt] myself t n[ x w\ld be s1 & t ,i h a j p]ception ( 8 great p[]s2 b let x be rememb]$ t ! excell5ce ( 8 /yle is n on ! surface1 b lies deep1 & at ! fir/ view is se5 b mi/ily4 ,x is ! florid /yle :i* /rikes at once1 & captivates ! eye1 = a "t1 )\t ev] satisfy+ ! judgm5t4 ,nor does pa9t+ 9 ?is respect diff] f o!r arts4 ,a j poetical ta/e1 & ! acquisition ( a nice discrim9ative musical e>1 are equally ! "w ( "t4 ,ev5 ! eye1 h[ev] p]fect 9 itself1 is (t5 unable to di/+ui% betwe5 ! brilliancy ( two diamonds1 ?\gh ! exp]i5c$ jewell] w be amaz$ at its bl9dness2 n consid]+ t !re 0 a "t :5 he himself c\ld n h be5 able to pron\nce :i* ( ! two 0 ! mo/ p]fect1 & t 8 own p[] ( discrim9ation 0 acquir$ by sl[ & imp]ceptible degrees4 ,f ! fir/ ,reynolds avoid$ mak+ copies1 & _h refus$ lucrative ord]s4 ,he sket*$ portions ( pictures1 su* z he ?\ght w\ld help 8 own compreh5sion1 b he w\ld d no slavi% imitation4 ,! man ( true g5ius1 writes ,sir ,jo%ua1 in/ead ( sp5d+ all 8 h\rs1 z _m arti/s d :ile !y are at ,rome1 9 measur+ /atues & copy+ pictures1 soon beg9s to ?9k = himself1 & endeav\r to d some?+ l :at he sees4 ,i consid] g5]al copy+1 he adds1 z a delusive k9d ( indu/ry3 ! /ud5t satisfies himself ) ! appe>ance ( do+ some?+2 he falls into ! dang]\s habit ( imitat+ )\t select+1 & lab\r+ )\t a det]m9ate object2 z x requires no ef=t ( m9d1 he sleeps ov] 8 "w1 & ^? p[]s ( inv5tion & disposition :i* ought p>ticul>ly to be call$ out & put into action lie torpid1 & lose _! en]gy = want ( ex]cise4 ,h[ incapable ( produc+ any?+ ( _! own ^? are :o h sp5t mo/ ( _! "t 9 mak+ f9i%$ copies1 is an obs]vation well kn[n to all ^? :o are conv]sant ) our art4 ,8 own precise me?od ( /udy is n kn[n1 b x may be assum$ t he 0 *iefly occupi$ 9 reason+ on :at he obs]v$4 ,else:]e he writes--,a pa9t] %\ld =m 8 rules f pictures r ?an f books or precepts2 rules 7 fir/ made f pictures1 n pictures f rules4 ,e picture an arti/ sees1 :e!r ! mo/ excell5t or ! mo/ ord9>y1 he %\ld consid] :5ce t f9e effect or t ill effect proce$s1 & !n !re is no picture ev] s indiff]5t b he may look at x to 8 pr(it4 ,! arti/1 he obs]ves1 :o has 8 m9d fill$ ) ideas1 & 8 h& made exp]t by practice1 works ) ease & read9ess2 :il/ he :o w\ld h y believe t he is wait+ = ! inspirations ( g5ius1 is 9 reality at a loss h[ to beg91 & is at la/ deliv]$ ( 8 mon/]s ) difficulty & pa94 ,! well-gr\nd$ pa9t]1 on ! contr>y1 has only maturely to consid] 8 subject1 & all ! me*anical p>ts ( 8 art w foll[1 )\t 8 ex]tion4 ,! mode ( /udy :i* ,sir ,jo%ua adopt$ himself he cont9ually recomm5ds to ! /ud5ts3 ,in/ead ( copy+ ! t\*es ( ^? great ma/]s1 copy only _! conceptions2 in/ead ( tread+ 9 _! foot/eps1 endeav\r only to keep ! same road2 lab\r to inv5t on _! g5]al pr9ciples & way ( ?9k+2 possess y\rself ) _! _s2 consid] ) y\rself h[ a ,mi*ael ,angelo or a ,raffaelle w\ld h treat$ ?is subject1 & "w y\rself into a belief t y\r picture is to be se5 & criticis$ by !m :5 complet$2 ev5 an attempt ( ?is k9d w raise y\r p[]s4 ,we all mu/ h exp]i5c$ h[ lazily1 & consequ5tly h[ ineffectually1 in/ruction is receiv$ :5 =c$ ^u ! m9d by o!rs4 ,few h be5 taught to any purpose :o h n be5 _! own tea*]s4 ,we pref] ^? in/ructions :i* we h giv5 ourselves f our affection to ! in/ructor2 & !y are m effectual f be+ receiv$ into ! m9d at ! v "t :5 x is mo/ op5 to receive !m4 ,hav+ /ay$ 9 ,rome z long z 8 res\rces all[$1 ,sir ,jo%ua visit$ ,flor5ce1 ,v5ice1 & "s ( ! small] ,italian t[ns1 ev]y:]e adopt+ ! same c>eful1 obs]vant me?od ( /udy4 ,aft] an abs5ce ( ne>ly ?ree ye>s he return$ to ,engl&1 feel+ himself inde$ a m5tally ri*]1 wis] man ?an he set out4 ,x 0 aft] 8 return f ,italy t ,reynolds took up 8 p]man5t abode 9 ,london1 !n1 z n[1 ! only true c5tre = art or lit]ature4 ,at fir/ he met mu* opposition2 ,hudson especially 0 fi]cely critical ov] ,reynolds' new /yle1 say+ to him1 ,y don't pa9t s well n[ z y did be=e y w5t to ,italy4 ,ano!r em95t portrait-pa9t] ( ! "t1 n[ long s9ce consign$ to oblivion1 %ook 8 head sadly on see+ "o ( ,sir ,jo%ua's f9e/ portrait works1 say+1 ,oh1 ,reynolds1 ?is w nev] answ]3 :y1 y don't pa9t 9 ! lea/ 9 ! mann] ( ,knell]4 ,& :5 ! arti/ tri$ to expose 8 reasons1 8 rival1 n able to answ] him1 left ! room 9 a fury1 %\t+1 ,damme6 ,%akespe>e 9 poetry1 & ,knell] 9 pa9t+2 damme6 ,nev]!less1 ,reynolds soon became a fav\rite ) ! public1 & 8 pa9t+-room a fa%ionable resort4 ,to ?is end 8 c\rtly mann] & agreeable conv]sation may greatly h aid$4 ,by ! ye> #agfj he _h become ! mo/ s\ght = portraiti/ ( 8 day1 & 0 mak+ z mu* z #fjjj a-ye>1 9 ^? days a v l>ge sum = an arti/ to e>n1 especially z ! price he *>g$ = 8 portraits 0 v l[ z comp>$ ) mod]n arti/ic dem&s4 ,x 0 9 #agei t ,reynolds fir/ put d[n "s ( 8 arti/ic ideas 9 writ+4 ,he contribut$ ?ree pap]s to ! ,idl]1 !n edit$ by ,dr4 ,johnson1 ) :om he _h1 on com+ to ,london1 =m$ t fri5d%ip :i* la/$ all _! lives4 ,!y are ! ,numb]s #gf1 #gi1 & #hb1 & are repr9t$ 9 ?is volume4 ,^! pap]s1 obs]ves ,nor?cote1 may be consid]$ z a k9d ( syllabus ( all 8 future disc\rses2 & !y c]ta9ly occasion$ him "s ?9k+ 9 _! composition4 ,i h he>d ,sir ,jo%ua say t ,johnson requir$ !m f him on a sudd5 em]g5cy1 & on t acc\nt he sat up ! :ole night to complete !m 9 "t2 & by x he 0 s mu* disord]$ t x produc$ a v]tigo 9 8 head4 ,! foll[+ ye>1 #agfj1 ! "o 9 :i* ,reynolds remov$ to 8 l>g] resid5ce 9 ,leice/] ,squ>e1 is memorable 9 ! annals ( ,engli% art4 ,x witness$ ! fir/ public exhibition ( mod]n pa9t+s & sculptures1 & prov$ s satisfactory t x 0 repeat$1 & f9ally laid ! f\ndation = :at became ! ,royal ,academy4 ,! catalogue to "o ( ^! fir/ exhibitions 0 p5n$ by ,dr4 ,johnson1 & is writt5 9 8 usual pomp\s /yle4 ,! wor?y doctor _h little appreciation = ! f9e arts1 & 9 a private lett] to ,b>etti1 speak+ ( ?is innovation1 he says3 ,?is exhibition has fill$ ! heads ( arti/s & lov]s ( art4 ,surely life1 if x be n long1 is t$i\s2 s9ce we are =c$ to call 9 ! assi/ance ( s _m trifles to rid u ( our "t--( t "t :i* nev] c return4 ,9 #agfh ! ,royal ,academy 0 f\nd$ by royal *>t]1 & 0 op5$ ,janu>y #a1 #agfi4 ,reynolds _h be5 elect$ its ,presid5t1 & 9 accordance ) ! cu/om t prevails to ?is day1 receiv$1 toge!r ) ?is dignity1 ! complim5t ( knigh?ood4 ,on ?is occasion he deliv]$ ! fir/ ( 8 ,disc\rses1 9 :i*1 m+l$ ) g5]al in/ructions conc]n+ ! purpose & me?od ( art1 we f9d ! ne$ful s]vile adulation ( ! reign+ sov]eign4 ,! second1 f> m able & to ! po9t1 0 deliv]$ at ! end ( ! same ye> on ! occasion ( ! di/ribution ( prizes to ! /ud5ts4 ,x conta9s 8 admirable views ) reg>d to copy+4 ,f h5ce=?1 on ! same occasion1 e two ye>s1 :5 ! gold m$als are giv51 up to ,decemb] #agij1 ,sir ,jo%ua deliv]$ su* an address to ! /ud5ts1 mak+ 9 all fifte5 ,disc\rses t are read ) pleasure to ?is day4 ,at ! la/ ! hall 0 s cr[d$ t a beam support+ ! floor actually gave way ) ! weight4 ,t outsid]s %\ld h be5 s eag] to come is a/oni%+ on ?is acc\nt1 t ,reynolds1 l mo/ ,engli%m51 _h no p[]s ( elocution4 ,8 mann] 9 deliv]+ 8 spee*es 0 %y & awkw>d1 & he (t5 spoke s l[ t ^? at "s di/ance c\ld n he> him4 ,8 deafness 9 a measure may h acc\nt$ = ?is1 =1 l all deaf p1 he c\ld n modulate 8 voice2 b yet m1 8 truly ,briti% horror le/ he %\ld seem to be pos+ z an orator4 ,x 0 no "p ( ,sir ,jo%ua's prescrib$ duty z ,presid5t to deliv] an address on ! pres5tation ( m$als2 b1 if prizes 7 to be giv51 he himself rem>k$ 9 ! la/ ,disc\rse1 x appe>$ n only prop]1 b indisp5sably necess>y1 t some?+ %\ld be said by ! ,presid5t on ! deliv]y ( ^? prizes2 & ! ,presid5t1 = 8 own cr$it1 w\ld wi% to say some?+ m ?an m]e words ( complim5t2 :i*1 by be+ frequ5tly repeat$1 w\ld soon become flat & un9t]e/+1 &1 by be+ utt]$ to _m1 w\ld at la/ become a di/9ction to none4 ,i ?\ght1 !re=e1 if ,i 7 to preface ?is complim5t ) "s in/ructive obs]vations on ! art1 :5 we cr[n$ m]it 9 ! arti/s :om we rew>d$1 ,i might d some?+ to animate & guide !m 9 _! future attempts4 ,x 01 p]haps1 ! fact t ,reynolds int5d$ ?is ,disc\rse to be 8 la/1 8 f>ewell to ! ,academy he _h s]v$ s long & well1 t attract$ su* a cr[d4 ,9 x he takes a review ( all 8 pa/ ,disc\rses1 & ends ) comm5d+ to ! /ud5ts ! works ( 8 idol1 ,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,x 0 a s\rce ( joy to him t ! la/ ^w he spoke 9 t hall 0 ! "n ( ?is ador$ ma/]4 ,i felt a self-congratulation 9 kn[+ myself capable ( su* s5sations z he int5d$ to excite4 ,i reflect1 n )\t vanity1 t ^! ,disc\rses be> te/imony ( my admiration ( t truly div9e man2 & ,i %\ld desire t ! la/ words :i* ,i %\ld pron\nce 9 ?is ,academy1 & f ?is place1 might be ! "n ( ,mi*ael ,angelo6 ,be=e ! next occasion = a ,disc\rse occurr$ ,reynolds 0 quietly sleep+ 8 et]nal sleep 9 ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral1 hav+ di$ ,febru>y #bc1 #agib1 aft] two ye>s' suff]+1 borne ) *e]ful =titude4 ,!re are ^? :o ?9k t ,engli% art has r retrograd$ ?an progress$ s9ce ! days ( ,reynolds4 ,to ^? :o speak ?us x is only ne$ful to tell t ,pl9y already spoke ( pa9t+ z a dy+ art4 ,aft] ?is we ne$ reason ) su* bl9d admir]s ( antiquity qu antiquity no f>!r4 ,t ,reynolds 0 a great arti/ is univ]sally admitt$ beyond dispute2 b to speak ( him z ! greate/1 z unapproa*able h5ce=w>d1 is z absurd z to claim1 z did 8 contempor>ies1 t any?+ s able z 8 art disc\rses _h nev] be5 p5n$4 ,^! 7 above all impress$ by ! und\bt$ influ5ce ,johnson _h ^u ,reynolds' /yle1 giv+ x t p$antic r+1 t monotony ( cad5ce1 t want ( col\r1 :i* is precisely :at we mod]ns lea/ admire4 ,we %\ld h>dly ass5t to ! contempor>y l9es laud+ ,dr4 ,johnson & say+-- ,to fame's pr\d cliff behold our ,raphael rise1 ,h5ce ,reynolds' p5 ) ,reynolds' p5cil vies4 ,b !n1 9 any case1 su* fulsome flatt]y is n 9 accordance ) ! _s ( our c5tury4 ,we might1 too1 n[-a-days ?9k x dubi\s praise t ,johnson1 aft] read+ "o ( 8 fri5d's essays & prais+ x 9 g5]al1 %\ld pick out "o passage 9 p>ticul> ) ! rem>k--,i ?9k ,i might z well h said ?is myself4 ,m valuable we %\ld consid] ! praise ( ,burke1 :o1 writ+ to ,mr4 ,malone1 says1 ,i h read ov] "s "p ( ! disc\rses ) an unusual sort ( pleasure4 4 4 4 ,he is always ! same man1 ! same philosophical1 ! same arti/-l critic1 ! same sagaci\s obs]v]1 ) ! same m9ut5ess1 )\t ! smalle/ degree ( trifl+4 ,?is is true2 ,sir ,jo%ua's poli%$ m9d & calm philosophical obs]vation makes itself felt 9 e l9e ( 8 writ+s4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 envi\s calumny disput$ ! au?or%ip ( ^! ,disc\rses1 attribut+ !m n[ to ,burke1 n[ to ,johnson4 ,! imputation is too futile to ne$ refutation4 ,!re are ^? :o d5y to any man ! m]it ( hav+ writt5 8 own works1 comm5c+ ) ,hom] & ,%akespe>e4 ,?is is a /range craze ( ! critical m9d4 ,see+ ! "w is ! result ( a human h&1 :y n1 = example1 all[ t ,%akespe>e wrote :at he claims z 8 own1 9 lieu ( attribut+ ! au?or%ip to ,"l ,bacon8 ,aga91 :y %\ld !re n h be5 a ,hom] z !re 0 a ,dante1 9 lieu ( an aggregation ( m58 ,a v petty & despicable envy1 or ! frantic desire ( say+ some?+ new & /range to attract att5tion to ourselves1 may be pron\nc$ ! motor =ce ( su* !ories4 ,reynolds' ,disc\rses may be describ$ z ! fir/ attempt 9 ! ,engli% language at :at may be call$ a philosophy ( art4 ,to ?is day !re are 9 ,engli% few works ( ?is "*4 ,a sci5ce correspond+ to ! ,g]man ,ae/hetik does n exi/ 9 ,engli%1 = :at mod]n cant has dubb$ /heticism1 ! *ild's play ( passionate ,brompton & langui%+ ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 mu/ on no acc\nt be conf\nd$ ) a real s]i\s /udy t 9 ,g]man univ]sities fills a special *air4 ,! cause = ?is lack is no d\bt to be s\ght 9 ! va/ly div]se g5ius ( ! two nations4 ,! ,g]man is no?+ if n ab/ract2 ! ,engli%man no?+ if n positive2 & on ?is acc\nt ! ,engli% take art1 z well z all else1 f ! practical side4 ,to m5tion b a few ,g]man works ( ?is "*4 ,hegel has writt5 a philosophy ( ! f9e arts sc>cely less valuable to art-/ud5ts & pa9t]s1 & p]*ance ev5 z unkn[n to ! latt]--= arti/s are r>ely read]s--z ! works ( ! same class writt5 by ,w9ckelmann & ,less+4 ,reynolds address$ an audi5ce n m]ely ( read]s & !oreticians1 b ( actual work]s1 practical /ud5ts2 & he /rove1 !re=e1 to comb9e !ory ) positive facts1 hop+ ?us to bridge ov] ! gulf :i* made1 & /ill unhappily makes1 ,engli% art-/ud5ts le>n _! pr(ession too mu* by m]e rule ( ?umb4 ,t ,reynolds' "w is nei!r f9al nor all-embrac+ goes )\t say+4 ,! m]e fact t ^! lectures 7 deliv]$ b r>ely1 =m+ no design$ sequ5ce1 w\ld h h9d]$ su* an end1 ev5 _h ,reynolds' k be5 suffici5t to accompli% x4 ,"u ! circum/ances1 x is suffici5tly rem>kable t !y really =m s complete a :ole z !y und\bt$ly d4 ,! "o lead+ idea t in=ms !m is ! necessity = ! /ud5t to /udy ! works ( ! great ma/]s1 above all ( ! ,roman & ,tuscan s*ools2 & on ?is doctr9e1 !n s new1 ,reynolds c\ld n insi/ en\gh4 ,9 8 la/ ,disc\rse1 ) great mode/y he sums up s ably :at he has a*iev$1 t x is be/ to let him speak = himself4 ,aft] say+ h[ unequal he _h be5 to ! expression ( 8 ideas1 he cont9ues3-- ,to ?is "w1 h[ev]1 ,i c\ld n be said to come totally unprovid$ ) mat]ials2 ,i _h se5 mu*1 & ,i _h ?\ght mu* ^u :at ,i _h se52 ,i _h some?+ ( a habit ( inve/igation1 & a disposition to r$uce all t ,i _h obs]v$ & felt 9 my own m9d to me?od & sy/em2 b ,i ?\ght x indisp5sably necess>y well to consid] ! op9ions :i* 7 to be giv5 out f ?is place1 & "u ! sanction ( a ,royal ,academy2 ,i !re=e exam9$ n only my own op9ions b likewise ! op9ions ( o!rs4 ,9 revis+ my disc\rses1 x is no small satisfaction to be assur$ t ,i h 9 no "p ( !m l5t my assi/ance to fo/] newly-hat*$ unfl$g$ op9ions1 or endeav\r$ to support p>adoxes1 h[ev] tempt+ may h be5 _! novelty1 or h[ev] +5i\s ,i might1 = ! m9ute1 fancy !m to be2 nor %all ,i1 ,i hope1 any:]e be f\nd to h impos$ on ! m9ds ( "y /ud5ts declamation = argum5t1 a smoo? p]iod = a s\nd precept4 ,i h pursu$ a pla9 & hone/ me?od2 ,i h tak5 up ! art simply z ,i f\nd x exemplifi$ 9 ! practice ( ! mo/ approv$ pa9t]s4 ,t approbation :i* ! _w has uni=mly giv51 ,i h endeav\r$ to ju/ify by su* pro(s z que/ions ( ?is k9d w admit2 by ! analogy :i* pa9t+ holds ) ! si/] arts1 & consequ5tly by ! common cong5iality :i* !y all be> to our nature4 ,& ?\gh 9 :at has be5 done no new discov]y is pret5d$1 ,i may /ill flatt] myself t f ! discov]ies :i* o!rs h made f _! own intuitive good s5se & native rectitude ( judgm5t 79 allusion to ! works ( ! old ma/]s7 ,i h succe$$ 9 e/abli%+ ! rules & pr9ciples ( our art on a m firm & la/+ f\ndation ?an t on :i* !y =m]ly _h be5 plac$4 ,x is wor?y ( note1 z yet ano!r pro( ( ,sir ,jo%ua's ju/ice ( judgm5t & objectivity1 t1 speak+ ( portrait-pa9t+ 7,disc\rse ,,iii471 he puts x l[ 9 rank among ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts ( pa9t+4 ,he /rove ) all 8 p[] to elevate ,engli% art me?ods1 to lead arti/s to practice :at he nam$ ! gr& /yle1 & x 0 on ?is acc\nt t he ev] & always held up to imitation ! gods ( 8 idolatry1 ,mi*ael ,angelo & ,raffaelle4 ,:at he writes conc]n+ pittori improvisatori may well be laid to he>t to-day :5 ,impressionism ?reat5s to swamp g5u9e /udy & c>eful draughtsman%ip4 ,inde$1 look$ at f all sides1 ,sir ,jo%ua's ,disc\rses wor?ily take rank among ! ,engli% classics1 & x has be5 truly said t ) ,reynolds' lit]ature 0 ! playmate ( art1 & art became ! h&maid5 ( lit]ature4 ,t detractors h n be5 lack+ is a matt] ( c\rse1 b ,reynolds1 l o!rs1 c console himself ) ,goe!'s l9es-- ,die s*le*/5 ,fr*te s9dd es ni*tt ,woran die ,wesp5 nag54 ,"s ( ^! objections m]it reproduction4 ,:o c read1 = in/ance1 )\t a smile1 ! words ( ,blake1 t sweet1 *ildlike m9d1 :i* 0 at once s p5etrative & s uncritical8 ,! smile w ( c\rse be "o ( g5tle sympa?y1 su* z "o ev] accords to t wayw>d g5ius4 ,he writes 9 8 notes-- ,:e!r ,reynolds knew :at he 0 do+ is no?+ to me4 ,! mis*ief is ! same :e!r a man does x ignorantly or kn[+ly4 ,i always consid]$ true art & true arti/s p>ticul>ly insult$ & degrad$ by ! reputation ( ^! disc\rses2 z mu* z !y 7 degrad$ by ! reputation ( ,reynolds' pa9t+s1 & t su* arti/s z ,reynolds are1 at all times1 hir$ by ,satan = ! depression ( art2 a pret5ce ( art to de/roy art4 ,once ,blake f9ds a passage aft] 8 own he>t3 ,a firm & det]m9$ outl9e is "o ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! great /yle ( pa9t+6 ,aga9/ :i* is writt51 ,"h is a noble s5t5ce6 a s5t5ce :i* ov]?r[s all 8 book4 ,) no m ?an ju/ice he rem>ks on ! v weake/ feature 9 ,sir ,jo%ua's sy/em3 ,reynolds' op9ion 01 t g5ius may be taught1 & all pret5ce to inspiration is a lie or deceit1 to say ! lea/ ( x4 ,if x is deceit1 ! :ole ,bible is madness4 ,( ! ,?ird ,disc\rse he en]getically av]s3 ,! foll[+ disc\rse is p>ticul>ly int]e/+ to blockheads1 z x endeav\rs to prove t !re is no su* ?+ z inspiration1 & t any man ( pla9 und]/&+ may1 by ?iev+ f o!rs1 become a ,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,aga9-- ,no real /yle ( col\r+ n[ appe>s1 ,save ?r\gh adv]tisem5ts 9 ! newspap]s2 ,look !re--y'll see ,sir ,jo%ua's col\r+2 ,look at 8 pictures--all has tak5 w+4 ,aga91 :5 ,reynolds tells 8 he>]s t en?usia/ic admiration seldom promotes k1--,& su* is ! coldness ) :i* ,reynolds speaks6 ,& su* is 8 enmity6 ,en?usia/ic admiration is ! fir/ pr9ciple ( k & its la/4 ,h[ he beg9s to degrade1 to d5y1 & to mock6 ,! man1 :o1 on exam9+ 8 own m9d1 f9ds no?+ ( inspiration1 ought n to d>e to be an arti/4 ,he is a fool & an amus+ knave suit$ to ! purposes ( evil demons4 ,! man :o nev] 9 8 m9d & ?\ght travell$ to ,heav5 is no arti/4 ,x is evid5t t ,reynolds wi%$ none b fools to be 9 ! arts1 & 9 ord] to compass ?is1 he calls all o!rs rogues1 en?usia/s1 or madm54 ,:at has reason+ to d ) ! art ( pa9t+8 ,x is evid5t t ,blake has n always fully foll[$ ,reynolds' mean+4 ,inde$1 ,sir ,jo%ua is at times a little obscure1 a circum/ance 8 detractors did n ov]look1 nicknam+ him ,sir ,obadiah ,twylight1 & classify+ 8 /yle z sub-fusk4 ,conc]n+ ?is ,?ird ,disc\rse1 :i* deals ) ! gr& /yle & ! "r imitation ( nature1 an anecdote is pres]v$4 ,we/ 0 at ! "t pa9t+ 8 picture ( ! ,dea? ( ,wolfe4 ,:5 x 0 und]/ood t he meant to pa9t ! *>act]s z !y actually appe>$ on ! sc5e1 ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,york call$ on ,reynolds & ask$ 8 op9ion conc]n+ ?is4 ,bo? visit$ ,we/ & endeav\r$ to dissuade him4 ,we/1 firm 9 8 rejection ( ! classic dress1 repli$1 ,i want to m>k ! place1 ! "t1 & ! p1 & to d ?is ,i mu/ abide by tru?4 ,:5 ! picture 0 f9i%$ he call$ ,sir ,jo%ua to see x4 ,reynolds seat$ himself be=e ! canvas & exam9$ x ) int]e/ = half-an-h\r1 & !n1 ris+1 said1 ,we/ has conqu]$2 he has treat$ ! subject z x ought to be treat$4 ,s j 0 ,reynolds' m9d t he c\ld admit ! tru? ev5 :5 x oppos$ 8 own !ories4 ,rusk9 has also contribut$ 8 quota to ! ,reynolds controv]sy4 ,writ+ 9 8 fav\rite anti!tic /yle1 he says3-- ,ne>ly e ^w t ,reynolds wrote 0 contr>y to 8 own practice2 he seems to h be5 born to tea* all error by 8 precept1 & all excell5ce by 8 example2 he en=c$ ) 8 lips g5]alisation & idealism1 :ile ) 8 p5cil he 0 trac+ ! patt]ns ( ! dresses ( ! belles ( ! day2 he exhort$ 8 pupils to att5d only to ! inv>iable1 :ile he himself 0 occupi$ 9 di/+ui%+ e v>iation ( womanly temp]2 & he d5i$ ! exi/5ce ( ! beautiful at ! same in/ant t he arre/$ x z x pass$1 & p]petuat$ x = ev]4 ,?us to ,sir ,jo%ua's lot1 z to all :o put !mselves be=e ! _w1 has fall5 a portion ( praise & blame2 b ! be/ praise t c be accord$ a man's "w is t x %\ld survive him1 & cont9ue to ar\se int]e/ long aft] 8 dea?4 ,?is mo/ c]ta9ly is ! case ) reg>d to ,reynolds' ,disc\rses1 & !re=e to !m may apply :at he has himself said z to ! duration ( ma/]pieces4 ,n faultless1 n all-embrac+1 b full ( hi/orical & individual int]e/1 ( ke5 & c>eful obs]vation1 ( judici\s ?\ght1 !y m]it ! att5tion ( ! mod]n read+ public--a public f> m l>gely int]e/$ 9 art ?an ev] exi/$ 9 ! day :5 _! writ] liv$ & pa9t$ & lectur$4 ,,hel5 ,,zimm]n4 ,,to ,,! ,,k+4 ,! regul> progress ( cultivat$ life is f necess>ies to accommodations1 f accommodations to ornam5ts4 ,by y\r illu/ri\s pr$ecessors 7 e/abli%$ ,m>ts = manufactures1 & ,colleges = sci5ce2 b = ! arts ( elegance1 ^? arts by :i* manufactures are embelli%$1 & sci5ce is ref9$1 to f\nd an ,academy 0 res]v$ = ,y\r ,maje/y4 ,_h su* patronage be5 )\t effect1 !re has be5 reason to believe t ,nature _h1 by "s insurm\ntable imp$im5t1 ob/ruct$ our pr(ici5cy2 b ! annual improvem5t ( ! ,exhibitions :i* ,y\r ,maje/y has be5 pleas$ to enc\rage1 %[s t only enc\ragem5t _h be5 want+4 ,to give advice to ^? :o are cont5d+ = royal lib]ality has be5 = "s ye>s ! duty ( my /ation 9 ! ,academy2 & ^! ,disc\rses hope = ,y\r ,maje/y's acceptance1 z well-int5d$ endeav\rs to incite t emulation :i* y\r notice has k9dl$1 & direct ^? /udies :i* y\r b\nty has rew>d$4 ,may x please ,y\r ,,maje/y1 ,y\r ,,maje/y',s ,mo/ dutiful ,s]vant ,& mo/ fai?ful ,subject1 #aggh4 ,,jo%ua ,,reynolds4 ,,to ,,! ,,memb]s ,,( ,,! ,,royal ,,academy4 ,,g5tlem51 ,t y h ord]$ ! publication ( ?is disc\rse is n only v flatt]+ to me1 z x implies y\r approbation ( ! me?od ( /udy :i* ,i h recomm5d$2 b likewise1 z ?is me?od receives f t act su* an additional weight & au?ority1 z dem&s f ! ,/ud5ts t def]5ce & respect :i* c be due only to ! unit$ s5se ( s consid]able a ,,body ,,( ,,arti/s4 ,i am1 ,) ! greate/ e/eem & respect1 ,,g5tlem51 ,y\r mo/ humble1 ,& ob$i5t ,s]vant1 ,,jo%ua ,,reynolds4 ,,disc\rses4 ,,sir ,,jo%ua ,,reynolds' ,,disc\rses4 ,,disc\rse ,i4 ,deliv]$ at ! ,op5+ ( ! ,royal ,academy1 ,janu>y #b1 #agfi4 ,,! ,,advantages ,,proce$+ ,,f ,,! ,,in/itution ,,( ,a ,,royal ,,academy4--,,h9ts ,,(f]$ ,,to ,,! ,,consid]ation ,,( ,,! ,,pr(essors ,,& ,,visitors4--,,t ,,an ,,implicit ,,ob$i5ce ,,to ,,! ,,rules ,,( ,,art ,,be ,,exact$ ,,f ,,! ,,"y ,,/ud5ts4--,,t ,a ,,premature ,,disposition ,,to ,a ,,ma/]ly ,,dext]ity ,,be ,,repress$4--,,t ,,dilig5ce ,,be ,,con/antly ,,recomm5d$1 ,,& 7,,t ,,x ,,may ,,be ,,effectual7 ,,direct$ ,,to ,,its ,,prop] ,,object4 ,an ,academy1 9 :i* ! ,polite ,arts may be regul>ly cultivat$1 is at la/ op5$ among u by ,royal munific5ce4 ,?is mu/ appe> an ev5t 9 ! highe/ degree int]e/+1 n only to ! ,arti/1 b to ! :ole nation4 ,x is1 inde$1 difficult to give any o!r reason :y an empire l t ( ,brita9 %\ld s long h want$ an ornam5t s suitable to its greatness1 ?an t sl[ progression ( ?+s1 :i* naturally makes elegance & ref9em5t ! la/ effect ( opul5ce & p[]4 ,an ,in/itution l ?is has (t5 be5 recomm5d$ ^u consid]ations m]ely m]cantile2 b an ,academy1 f\nd$ ^u su* pr9ciples1 c nev] effect ev5 its own n>r[ purposes4 ,if x has an orig9 no high]1 no ta/e c ev] be =m$ 9 manufactures2 b if ! high] ,arts ( ,design fl\ri%1 ^! inf]ior ends w be answ]$ ( c\rse4 ,we are happy 9 hav+ a ,pr9ce :o has conceiv$ ! design ( su* an ,in/itution1 accord+ to its true dignity2 & :o promotes ! ,arts1 z ! head ( a great1 a le>n$1 a polite1 & a comm]cial nation2 & ,i c n[ congratulate y1 ,g5tlem51 on ! accompli%m5t ( y\r long & ard5t wi%es4 ,! numb]less & ineffectual consultations :i* ,i h _h ) _m 9 ?is assembly to =m plans & conc]t s*emes = an ,academy1 af=d a suffici5t pro( ( ! impossibility ( succe$+ b by ! influ5ce ( ,maje/y4 ,b !re h1 p]haps1 be5 times :5 ev5 ! influ5ce ( ,maje/y w\ld h be5 ineffectual2 & x is pleas+ to reflect1 t we are ?us embodi$1 :5 e circum/ance seems to concur f :i* hon\r & prosp]ity c probably arise4 ,!re are1 at ?is "t1 a great] numb] ( excell5t arti/s ?an 7 ev] kn[n be=e at "o p]iod 9 ?is nation2 !re is a g5]al desire among our ,nobility to be di/+ui%$ z lov]s & judges ( ! ,arts2 !re is a great] sup]fluity ( weal? among ! p to rew>d ! pr(essors2 &1 above all1 we are patronis$ by a ,mon>*1 :o1 kn[+ ! value ( sci5ce & ( elegance1 ?9ks e art wor?y ( 8 notice1 t t5ds to s(t5 & humanise ! m9d4 ,aft] s mu* has be5 done by ,8 ,maje/y1 x w be :olly our fault if our progress is n 9 "s degree correspond5t to ! wisdom & g5]osity ( ! ,in/itution3 let u %[ our gratitude 9 our dilig5ce1 t1 ?\gh our m]it may n answ] 8 expectations1 yet1 at lea/1 our indu/ry may des]ve 8 protection4 ,b :atev] may be our proportion ( success1 ( ?is we may be sure1 t ! pres5t ,in/itution w at lea/ contribute to advance our k ( ! ,arts1 & br+ u ne>] to t ideal excell5ce1 :i* x is ! lot ( g5ius always to contemplate1 & nev] to atta94 ,! pr9cipal advantage ( an ,academy is1 t1 besides furni%+ able m5 to direct ! ,/ud5t1 x w be a repository = ! great examples ( ! ,art4 ,^! are ! mat]ials on :i* ,g5ius is to "w1 & )\t :i* ! /ronge/ intellect may be fruitlessly or devi\sly employ$4 ,by /udy+ ^! au!ntic models1 t idea ( excell5ce :i* is ! result ( ! accumulat$ exp]i5ce ( pa/ ages may be at once acquir$2 & ! t>dy & ob/ruct$ progress ( our pr$ecessors may tea* u a %ort] & easi] way4 ,! ,/ud5t receives1 at "o glance1 ! pr9ciples :i* _m ,arti/s h sp5t _! :ole lives 9 asc]ta9+2 &1 satisfi$ ) _! effect1 is sp>$ ! pa9ful inve/igation by :i* !y came to be kn[n & fix$4 ,h[ _m m5 ( great natural abilities h be5 lo/ to ?is nation = want ( ^! advantages6 ,!y nev] _h an opportunity ( see+ ^? ma/]ly ef=ts ( g5ius1 :i* at once k9dle ! :ole s\l1 & =ce x into sudd5 & irresi/ible approbation4 ,raffaelle1 x is true1 _h n ! advantage ( /udy+ 9 an ,academy2 b all ,rome1 & ! works ( ,mi*el ,angelo 9 p>ticul>1 7 to him an ,academy4 ,on ! sight ( ! ,capella ,si/9a1 he imm$iately1 f a dry1 ,go?ic1 & ev5 insipid mann]1 :i* att5ds to ! m9ute accid5tal discrim9ations ( p>ticul> & individual objects1 assum$ t gr& /yle ( pa9t+1 :i* improves p>tial repres5tation by ! g5]al & inv>iable ideas ( nature4 ,e sem9>y ( le>n+ may be said to be surr\nd$ ) an atmosph]e ( float+ k1 :]e e m9d may imbibe some:at cong5ial to its own orig9al conceptions4 ,k1 ?us obta9$1 has always some?+ m popul> & useful ?an t :i* is =c$ ^u ! m9d by private precepts or solit>y m$itation4 ,besides1 x is g5]ally f\nd1 t a y\? m easily receives in/ruction f ! companions ( 8 /udies1 ^: m9ds are ne>ly on a level ) 8 own1 ?an f ^? :o are mu* 8 sup]iors2 & x is f 8 equals only t he cat*es ! fire ( emulation4 ,"o advantage1 ,i w v5ture to affirm1 we %all h 9 our ,academy1 :i* no o!r nation c boa/4 ,we %all h no?+ to unle>n4 ,to ?is praise ! pres5t race ( ,arti/s h a j claim4 ,z f> z !y h yet proce$$1 !y are "r4 ,) u ! ex]tions ( g5ius w h5ce=w>d be direct$ to _! prop] objects4 ,x w n be z x has be5 9 o!r s*ools1 :]e he t travell$ fa/e/ only w&]$ f>!/ f ! "r way4 ,impress$1 z ,i am1 !re=e1 ) su* a fav\rable op9ion ( my associates1 9 ?is und]tak+1 x w\ld ill become me to dictate to any ( !m4 ,b z ^! ,in/itutions h s (t5 fail$ 9 o!r nations2 & z x is natural to ?9k ) regret h[ mu* might h be5 done1 ,i mu/ take leave to (f] a few h9ts1 by :i* ^? errors may be rectifi$1 & ^? defects suppli$4 ,^! ! ,pr(essors & ,visitors may reject or adopt z !y %all ?9k prop]4 ,i w\ld *iefly recomm5d t an implicit ob$i5ce to ! ,rules ( ,art1 z e/abli%$ by ! practice ( ! great ,,ma/]s1 %\ld be exact$ f ! "y ,/ud5ts4 ,t ^? models1 :i* h pass$ ?r\gh ! approbation ( ages1 %\ld be consid]$ by !m z p]fect & infallible guides2 z subjects = _! imitation1 n _! criticism4 ,i am confid5t t ?is is ! only efficaci\s me?od ( mak+ a progress 9 ! ,arts2 & t he :o sets out ) d\bt+1 w f9d life f9i%$ be=e he becomes ma/] ( ! rudim5ts4 ,= x may be laid d[n z a maxim1 t he :o beg9s by presum+ on 8 own s5se1 has end$ 8 /udies z soon z he has comm5c$ !m4 ,e opportunity1 !re=e1 %\ld be tak5 to disc\nt5ance t false & vulg> op9ion1 t rules are ! fett]s ( g5ius3 !y are fett]s only to m5 ( no g5ius2 z t arm\r1 :i* ^u ! /rong is an ornam5t & a def5ce1 ^u ! weak & mis%ap5 becomes a load1 & cripples ! body :i* x 0 made to protect4 ,h[ mu* lib]ty may be tak5 to break ?r\gh ^? rules1 &1 z ! poet expresses x1 ,to snat* a grace beyond ! rea* ( art1 may be a subsequ5t consid]ation1 :5 ! pupils become ma/]s !mselves4 ,x is !n1 :5 _! g5ius has receiv$ its utmo/ improvem5t1 t rules may possibly be disp5s$ )4 ,b let u n de/roy ! scaffold until we h rais$ ! build+4 ,! ,directors ought m p>ticul>ly to wat* ov] ! g5ius ( ^? ,/ud5ts1 :o1 be+ m advanc$1 are arriv$ at t critical p]iod ( /udy1 on ! nice managem5t ( :i* _! future turn ( ta/e dep5ds4 ,at t age x is natural = !m to be m captivat$ ) :at is brilliant ?an ) :at is solid1 & to pref] spl5did neglig5ce to pa9ful & humiliat+ exactness4 ,a facility 9 compos+1 a lively1 & :at is call$ a ma/]ly1 h&l+ ( ! *alk or p5cil1 are1 x mu/ be confess$1 captivat+ qualities to "y m9ds1 & become1 ( c\rse1 ! objects ( _! ambition4 ,!y endeav\r to imitate ^! dazzl+ excell5cies1 :i* !y w f9d no great lab\r 9 atta9+4 ,aft] mu* "t sp5t 9 ^! frivol\s pursuits1 ! difficulty w be to retreat2 b x w be !n too late2 & !re is sc>ce an in/ance ( return to scrupul\s lab\r1 aft] ! m9d has be5 debau*$ & deceiv$ by ?is fallaci\s ma/]y4 ,by ?is useless indu/ry !y are exclud$ f all p[] ( advanc+ 9 real excell5ce4 ,:il/ boys1 !y are arriv$ at _! utmo/ p]fection3 !y h tak5 ! %ad[ = ! sub/ance2 & make ! me*anical felicity ! *ief excell5ce ( ! art1 :i* is only an ornam5t1 & ( ! m]it ( :i* few b pa9t]s !mselves are judges4 ,?is seems to me to be "o ( ! mo/ dang]\s s\rces ( corruption2 & ,i speak ( x f exp]i5ce1 n z an error :i* may possibly happ51 b :i* has actually infect$ all =eign ,academies4 ,! directors 7 probably pleas$ ) ?is premature dext]ity 9 _! pupils1 & prais$ _! despat* at ! exp5se ( _! correctness4 ,b "y m5 h n only ?is frivol\s ambition ( be+ ?\ght ma/]s ( execution incit+ !m on "o h&1 b also _! natural slo? tempt+ !m on ! o!r4 ,!y are t]rifi$ at ! prospect be=e !m ( ! toil requir$ to atta9 exactness4 ,! impetuosity ( y\? is disgu/$ at ! sl[ approa*es ( a regul> siege1 & desires1 f m]e impati5ce ( lab\r1 to take ! citadel by /orm4 ,!y wi% to f9d "s %ort] pa? to excell5ce1 & hope to obta9 ! rew>d ( em95ce by o!r means ?an ^? :i* ! indisp5sable rules ( art h prescrib$4 ,!y mu/1 !re=e1 be told aga9 & aga91 t lab\r is ! only price ( solid fame1 & t :atev] _! =ce ( g5ius may be1 !re is no easy me?od ( becom+ a good ,pa9t]4 ,:5 we read ! lives ( ! mo/ em95t ,pa9t]s1 e page in=ms u t no "p ( _! "t 0 sp5t 9 dissipation4 ,ev5 an increase ( fame s]v$ only to augm5t _! indu/ry4 ,to be conv9c$ ) :at p]sev]+ assiduity !y pursu$ _! /udies1 we ne$ only reflect on _! me?od ( proce$+ 9 _! mo/ celebrat$ works4 ,:5 !y conceiv$ a subject1 !y fir/ made a v>iety ( sket*es2 !n a f9i%$ draw+ ( ! :ole2 aft] t a m correct draw+ ( e sep>ate "p--heads1 h&s1 feet1 & pieces ( drap]y2 !y !n pa9t$ ! picture1 & aft] all1 ret\*$ x f ! life4 ,! pictures1 ?us wr\ght ) su* pa9s1 n[ appe> l ! effect ( en*antm5t1 & z if "s mighty g5ius _h /ruck !m (f at a bl[4 ,b1 :il/ dilig5ce is ?us recomm5d$ to ! ,/ud5ts1 ! ,visitors w take c>e t _! dilig5ce be effectual2 t x be well direct$1 & employ$ on ! prop] object4 ,a ,/ud5t is n always advanc+ because he is employ$2 he mu/ apply 8 /r5g? to t "p ( ! art :]e ! real difficulties lie2 to t "p :i* di/+ui%es x z a lib]al art2 & n by mi/ak5 indu/ry lose 8 "t 9 t :i* is m]ely ornam5tal4 ,! ,/ud5ts1 in/ead ( vy+ ) ea* o!r :i* %all h ! readie/ h&1 %\ld be taught to cont5d :o %all h ! pure/ & mo/ correct outl9e2 in/ead ( /riv+ :i* %all produce ! brighte/ t9t1 or curi\sly trifl+1 %all give ! gloss ( /uffs1 s z to appe> real1 let _! ambition be direct$ to cont5d :i* %all dispose 8 drap]y 9 ! mo/ graceful folds1 :i* %all give ! mo/ grace & dignity to ! human figure4 ,i mu/ beg leave to submit "o ?+ m to ! consid]ation ( ! ,visitors1 :i* appe>s to me a matt] ( v great consequ5ce1 & ! omission ( :i* ,i ?9k a pr9cipal defect 9 ! me?od ( education pursu$ 9 all ! ,academies ,i h ev] visit$4 ,! error ,i mean is1 t ! ,/ud5ts nev] draw exactly f ! liv+ models :i* !y h be=e !m4 ,x is n1 inde$1 _! int5tion1 nor are !y direct$ to d x4 ,_! draw+s resemble ! model only 9 ! attitude4 ,!y *ange ! =m accord+ to _! vague & unc]ta9 ideas ( beauty1 & make a draw+ r ( :at !y ?9k ! figure ought to be1 ?an ( :at x appe>s4 ,i h ?\ght ?is ! ob/acle t has /opp$ ! progress ( _m "y m5 ( real g5ius2 & ,i v mu* d\bt :e!r a habit ( draw+ correctly :at we see w n give a proportionable p[] ( draw+ correctly :at we imag9e4 ,he :o endeav\rs to copy nicely ! figure be=e him1 n only acquires a habit ( exactness & precision1 b is cont9ually advanc+ 9 8 k ( ! human figure2 & ?\gh he seems to sup]ficial obs]v]s to make a sl[] progress1 he w be f\nd at la/ capable ( add+ 7)\t runn+ into caprici\s wildness7 t grace & beauty :i* is necess>y to be giv5 to 8 m f9i%$ works1 & :i* _c be got by ! mod]ns1 z x 0 n acquir$ by ! anci5ts1 b by an att5tive & well-comp>$ /udy ( ! human =m4 ,:at ,i ?9k ought to en=ce ?is me?od is1 t x has be5 ! practice 7z may be se5 by _! draw+s7 ( ! great ,ma/]s 9 ! ,art4 ,i w m5tion a draw+ ( ,raffaelle1 ,! ,dispute ( ! ,sacram5t1 ! pr9t ( :i*1 by ,c\nt ,cailus1 is 9 e h&4 ,x appe>s t he made 8 sket* f "o model2 & ! habit he _h ( draw+ exactly f ! =m be=e him appe>s by 8 mak+ all ! figures ) ! same cap1 su* z 8 model !n happ5$ to we>2 s s]vile a copyi/ 0 ?is great man1 ev5 at a "t :5 he 0 all[$ to be at 8 highe/ pit* ( excell5ce4 ,i h se5 also ,academy figures by ,annibale ,c>acci1 ?\gh he 0 (t5 suffici5tly lic5ti\s 9 8 f9i%$ works1 drawn ) all ! peculi>ities ( an individual model4 ,?is scrupul\s exactness is s contr>y to ! practice ( ! ,academies1 t x is n )\t great def]5ce t ,i beg leave to recomm5d x to ! consid]ation ( ! ,visitors2 & submit to !m1 :e!r ! neglect ( ?is me?od is n "o ( ! reasons :y ,/ud5ts s (t5 disappo9t expectation1 &1 be+ m ?an boys at sixte51 become less ?an m5 at ?irty4 ,9 %ort1 ! me?od ,i recomm5d c only be detrim5tal :]e !re are b few liv+ =ms to copy2 = !n ,/ud5ts1 by always draw+ f "o alone1 w by habit be taught to ov]look defects1 & mi/ake de=mity = beauty4 ,b ( ?is !re is no dang]1 s9ce ! ,c\ncil has det]m9$ to supply ! ,academy ) a v>iety ( subjects2 & inde$ ^? laws :i* !y h drawn up1 & :i* ! ,secret>y w pres5tly read = y\r confirmation1 h 9 "s measure preclud$ me f say+ m ^u ?is occasion4 ,in/ead1 !re=e1 ( (f]+ my advice1 p]mit me to indulge my wi%es1 & express my hope1 t ?is ,in/itution may answ] ! expectation ( its ,,royal ,,f\nd]2 t ! pres5t age may vie 9 ,arts ) t ( ,,leo ! ,t5?2 & t ! dignity ( ! dy+ ,art 7to make use ( an expression ( ,pl9y7 may be reviv$ "u ! ,reign ( ,,george ,,! ,,?ird4 ,,disc\rse ,,ii4 ,deliv]$ to ! ,/ud5ts ( ! ,royal ,academy1 on ! ,di/ribution ( ! ,prizes1 ,decemb] #aa1 #agfi4 ,,! ,,c\rse ,,& ,,ord] ,,( ,,/udy4--,,! ,,diff]5t ,,/ages ,,( ,,art4--,,mu* ,,copy+ ,,disc\nt5anc$4--,,! ,,arti/ ,,at ,,all ,,times ,,& ,,9 ,,all ,,places ,,%\ld ,,be ,,employ$ ,,9 ,,lay+ ,,up ,,mat]ials ,,= ,,! ,,ex]cise ,,( ,,8 ,,art4 ,i congratulate y on ! hon\r :i* y h j receiv$1 ,i h ! highe/ op9ion ( y\r m]its1 & c\ld wi% to %[ my s5se ( !m 9 some?+ :i* possibly may be m useful to y ?an b>r5 praise4 ,i c\ld wi% to lead y into su* a c\rse ( /udy z may r5d] y\r future progress answ]able to y\r pa/ improvem5t2 &1 :il/ ,i applaud y = :at has be5 done1 rem9d y h[ mu* yet rema9s to atta9 p]fection4 ,i flatt] myself t f ! long exp]i5ce ,i h _h1 & ! unceas+ assiduity ) :i* ,i h pursu$ ^? /udies1 9 :i*1 l y1 ,i h be5 engag$1 ,i %all be acquitt$ ( vanity 9 (f]+ "s h9ts to y\r consid]ation4 ,!y are1 inde$1 9 a great degree1 f\nd$ ^u my own mi/akes 9 ! same pursuit4 ,b ! hi/ory ( errors1 prop]ly manag$1 (t5 %ort5s ! road to tru?4 ,& al?\gh no me?od ( /udy t ,i c (f] w ( itself conduct to excell5ce1 yet x may pres]ve indu/ry f be+ misappli$4 ,9 speak+ to y ( ! ,!ory ( ! ,art1 ,i %all only consid] x z x has a relation to ! me?od ( y\r /udies4 ,divid+ ! /udy ( pa9t+ into ?ree di/9ct p]iods1 ,i %all address y z hav+ pass$ ?r\gh ! fir/ ( !m1 :i* is conf9$ to ! rudim5ts2 includ+ a facility ( draw+ any object t pres5ts itself1 a tol]able read9ess 9 ! managem5t ( col\rs1 & an acqua9tance ) ! mo/ simple & obvi\s rules ( composition4 ,?is fir/ degree ( pr(ici5cy is1 9 pa9t+1 :at gramm> is 9 lit]ature1 a g5]al prep>ation = :atev] species ( ! art ! /ud5t may aft]w>ds *oose = 8 m p>ticul> application4 ,! p[] ( draw+1 modell+1 & us+ col\rs is v prop]ly call$ ! ,language ( ! ,art2 & 9 ?is language1 ! hon\rs y h j receiv$ prove y to h made no inconsid]able progress4 ,:5 ! ,arti/ is once enabl$ to express himself ) "s degree ( correctness1 he mu/ !n endeav\r to collect subjects = expression2 to amass a /ock ( ideas1 to be comb9$ & v>i$ z occasion may require4 ,he is n[ 9 ! second p]iod ( /udy1 9 :i* 8 bus9ess is to le>n all t has be5 kn[n & done be=e 8 own "t4 ,hav+ hi!rto receiv$ in/ructions f a p>ticul> ma/]1 he is n[ to consid] ! ,art itself z 8 ma/]4 ,he mu/ ext5d 8 capacity to m sublime & g5]al in/ructions4 ,^? p]fections :i* lie scatt]$ among v>i\s ma/]s are n[ unit$ 9 "o g5]al idea1 :i* is h5ce=? to regulate 8 ta/e1 & enl>ge 8 imag9ation4 ,) a v>iety ( models ?us be=e him1 he w avoid t n>r[ness & pov]ty ( conception :i* att5ds a bigot$ admiration ( a s+le ma/]1 & w cease to foll[ any fav\rite :]e he ceases to excel4 ,?is p]iod is1 h[ev]1 /ill a "t ( subjection & discipl9e4 ,?\gh ! ,/ud5t w n resign himself bl9dly to any s+le au?ority1 :5 he may h ! advantage ( consult+ _m1 he mu/ /ill be afraid ( tru/+ 8 own judgm5t1 & ( deviat+ into any track :]e he _c f9d ! foot/eps ( "s =m] ma/]4 ,! ?ird & la/ p]iod emancipates ! ,/ud5t f subjection to any au?ority1 b :at he %all himself judge to be support$ by reason4 ,confid+ n[ 9 8 own judgm5t1 he w consid] & sep>ate ^? diff]5t pr9ciples to :i* diff]5t modes ( beauty owe _! orig9al4 ,9 ! =m] p]iod he s\ght only to "k & comb9e excell5ce1 :]ev] x 0 to be f\nd1 into "o idea ( p]fection3 9 ?is he le>ns1 :at requires ! mo/ att5tive survey1 & ! mo/ subtle disquisition1 to discrim9ate p]fections t are incompatible ) ea* o!r4 ,he is f ?is "t to reg>d himself z hold+ ! same rank ) ^? ma/]s :om he be=e obey$ z tea*]s2 & z ex]cis+ a sort ( sov]eignty ov] ^? rules :i* h hi!rto re/ra9$ him4 ,comp>+ n[ no long] ! p]=mances ( ,art ) ea* o!r1 b exam9+ ! ,art itself by ! /&>d ( nature1 he corrects :at is errone\s1 supplies :at is scanty1 & adds by 8 own obs]vation :at ! indu/ry ( 8 pr$ecessors may h yet left want+ to p]fection4 ,hav+ well e/abli%$ 8 judgm5t1 & /or$ 8 memory1 he may n[ )\t fe> try ! p[] ( 8 imag9ation4 ,! m9d t has be5 ?us discipl9$ may be indulg$ 9 ! w>me/ en?usiasm1 & v5ture to play on ! bord]s ( ! wilde/ extravagance4 ,! habitual dignity :i* long conv]se ) ! greate/ m9ds has imp>t$ to him w display itself 9 all 8 attempts2 & he w /& among 8 in/ructors1 n z an imitator1 b a rival4 ,^! are ! diff]5t /ages ( ! ,art4 ,b z ,i n[ address myself p>ticul>ly to ^? ,/ud5ts :o h be5 ?is day rew>d$ = _! happy passage ?r\gh ! fir/ p]iod1 ,i c ) no propriety suppose !y want any help 9 ! initiatory /udies4 ,my pres5t design is to direct y\r view to di/ant excell5ce1 & to %[ y ! readie/ pa? t leads to x4 ,( ?is ,i %all speak ) su* latitude1 z may leave ! prov9ce ( ! pr(essor un9vad$2 & %all n anticipate ^? precepts1 :i* x is 8 bus9ess to give1 & y\r duty to und]/&4 ,x is indisputably evid5t t a great "p ( e man's life mu/ be employ$ 9 collect+ mat]ials = ! ex]cise ( g5ius4 ,inv5tion1 /rictly speak+1 is little m ?an a new comb9ation ( ^? images :i* h be5 previ\sly ga!r$ & deposit$ 9 ! memory3 no?+ c come ( no?+3 he :o has laid up no mat]ials c produce no comb9ations4 ,a ,/ud5t unacqua9t$ ) ! attempts ( =m] adv5tur]s is always apt to ov]rate 8 own abilities2 to mi/ake ! mo/ trifl+ excursions = discov]ies ( mom5t1 & e coa/ new to him = a new-f\nd c\ntry4 ,if by *ance he passes beyond 8 usual limits1 he congratulates 8 own arrival at ^? regions :i* !y :o h /e]$ a bett] c\rse h long left beh9d !m4 ,! productions ( su* m9ds are seldom di/+ui%$ by an air ( orig9ality3 !y are anticipat$ 9 _! happie/ ef=ts2 & if !y are f\nd to diff] 9 any ?+ f _! pr$ecessors1 x is only 9 irregul> sallies & trifl+ conceits4 ,! m ext5sive1 !re=e1 y\r acqua9tance is ) ! works ( ^? :o h excell$1 ! m ext5sive w be y\r p[]s ( inv5tion2 & :at may appe> /ill m l a p>adox1 ! m orig9al w be y\r conceptions4 ,b ! difficulty on ?is occasion is to det]m9e :at ought to be propos$ z models ( excell5ce1 & :o ought to be consid]$ z ! prop]e/ guides4 ,to a "y man j arriv$ 9 ,italy1 _m ( ! pres5t pa9t]s ( t c\ntry are ready en\gh to obtrude _! precepts1 & to (f] _! own p]=mances z examples ( t p]fection :i* !y affect to recomm5d4 ,! mod]n1 h[ev]1 :o recomm5ds himself z a /&>d1 may ju/ly be suspect$ z ignorant ( ! true end1 & unacqua9t$ ) ! prop] object1 ( ! art :i* he pr(esses4 ,to foll[ su* a guide w n only ret>d ! ,/ud5t1 b mislead him4 ,on :om1 !n1 c he rely1 or :o %all %[ him ! pa? t leads to excell5ce8 ,! answ] is obvi\s3 ^? great ma/]s :o h travell$ ! same road ) success are ! mo/ likely to conduct o!rs4 ,! works ( ^? :o h /ood ! te/ ( ages h a claim to t respect & v5]ation to :i* no mod]n c pret5d4 ,! duration & /ability ( _! fame is suffici5t to ev9ce t x has n be5 susp5d$ ^u ! sl5d] ?read ( fa%ion & caprice1 b b\nd to ! human he>t by e tie ( sympa!tic approbation4 ,!re is no dang] ( /udy+ too mu* ! works ( ^? great m53 b h[ !y may be /udi$ to advantage is an inquiry ( great importance4 ,"s :o h nev] rais$ _! m9ds to ! consid]ation ( ! real dignity ( ! ,art1 & :o rate ! works ( an ,arti/ 9 proportion z !y excel or are defective 9 ! me*anical p>ts1 look on !ory z some?+ t may enable !m to talk b n to pa9t bett]2 &1 conf9+ !mselves entirely to me*anical practice1 v assidu\sly toil on 9 ! drudg]y ( copy+1 & ?9k !y make a rapid progress :ile !y fai?fully exhibit ! m9ute/ "p ( a fav\rite picture4 ,?is appe>s to me a v t$i\s1 &1 ,i ?9k1 a v errone\s1 me?od ( proce$+4 ,( e l>ge composition1 ev5 ( ^? :i* are mo/ admir$1 a great "p may be truly said to be commonplace4 ,?is1 ?\gh x takes up mu* "t 9 copy+1 conduces little to improvem5t4 ,i consid] g5]al copy+ z a delusive k9d ( indu/ry3 ! ,/ud5t satisfies himself ) ! appe>ance ( do+ some?+2 he falls into ! dang]\s habit ( imitat+ )\t select+1 & ( lab\r+ )\t any det]m9ate object2 z x requires no ef=t ( ! m9d1 he sleeps ov] 8 "w3 & ^? p[]s ( inv5tion & composition :i* ought p>ticul>ly to be call$ out1 & put 9 action1 lie torpid1 & lose _! en]gy = want ( ex]cise4 ,h[ incapable ^? are ( produc+ any?+ ( _! own :o h sp5t mu* ( _! "t 9 mak+ f9i%$ copies1 is well kn[n to all :o are conv]sant ) our art4 ,to suppose t ! complication ( p[]s & v>iety ( ideas necess>y to t m9d :i* aspires to ! fir/ hon\rs 9 ! ,art ( ,pa9t+ c be obta9$ by ! frigid contemplation ( a few s+le models1 is no less absurd ?an x w\ld be 9 him :o wi%es to be a poet to imag9e1 t by translat+ a trag$y he c acquire to himself suffici5t k ( ! appe>ances ( nature1 ! op]ations ( ! passions1 & ! incid5ts ( life4 ,! great use 9 copy+1 if x be at all useful1 %\ld seem to be 9 le>n+ to col\r2 yet ev5 col\r+ w nev] be p]fectly atta9$ by s]vilely copy+ ! model be=e y4 ,an eye critically nice c only be =m$ by obs]v+ well-col\r$ pictures ) att5tion2 & by close inspection & m9ute exam9ation y w discov]1 at la/1 ! mann] ( h&l+1 ! artifices ( contra/1 glaz+1 & o!r exp$i5ts by :i* good col\ri/s h rais$ ! value ( _! t9ts1 & by :i* nature has be5 s happily imitat$4 ,i mu/ in=m y1 h[ev]1 t old pictures1 des]v$ly celebrat$ = _! col\r+1 are (t5 s *ang$ by dirt & v>ni% t we ought n to wond] if !y d n appe> equal to _! reputation 9 ! eyes ( unexp]i5c$ pa9t]s1 or "y ,/ud5ts4 ,an arti/ ^: judgm5t is matur$ by long obs]vation consid]s r :at ! picture once 0 ?an :at x is at pres5t4 ,he has by habit acquir$ a p[] ( see+ ! brilliancy ( t9ts ?r\gh ! cl\d by :i* x is obscur$4 ,an exact imitation1 !re=e1 ( ^? pictures is likely to fill ! ,/ud5t's m9d ) false op9ions1 & to s5d him back a col\ri/ ( 8 own =mation1 ) ideas equally remote f nature & f art1 f ! g5u9e practice ( ! ma/]s & ! real appe>ances ( ?+s4 ,foll[+ ^! rules1 & us+ ^! precautions1 :5 y h cle>ly & di/9ctly le>n$ 9 :at good col\r+ consi/s1 y _c d bett] ?an h rec\rse to nature h]self1 :o is always at h&1 & 9 comp>ison ( ^: true spl5d\r ! be/ col\r$ pictures are b fa9t & feeble4 ,h[ev]1 z ! practice ( copy+ is n entirely to be exclud$1 s9ce ! me*anical practice ( pa9t+ is le>n$ 9 "s measure by x1 let ^? *oice p>ts only be select$ :i* h recomm5d$ ! "w to notice4 ,if its excell5ce consi/s 9 its g5]al effect1 x w\ld be prop] to make slight sket*es ( ! ma*9]y & g5]al managem5t ( ! picture4 ,^? sket*es %\ld be kept always by y = ! regulation ( y\r /yle4 ,in/ead ( copy+ ! t\*es ( ^? great ma/]s1 copy only _! conceptions4 ,in/ead ( tread+ 9 _! foot/eps1 endeav\r only to keep ! same road4 ,lab\r to inv5t on _! g5]al pr9ciples & way ( ?9k+4 ,possess y\rself ) _! _s4 ,consid] ) y\rself h[ a ,mi*el ,angelo or a ,raffaelle w\ld h treat$ ?is subject1 & "w y\rself into a belief t y\r picture is to be se5 & criticis$ by !m :5 complet$4 ,ev5 an attempt ( ?is k9d w r\se y\r p[]s4 ,b z m]e en?usiasm w c>ry y b a little way1 let me recomm5d a practice t may be equival5t to & w1 p]haps1 m efficaci\sly contribute to y\r advancem5t ?an ev5 ! v]bal corrections ( ^? ma/]s !mselves1 c\ld !y be obta9$4 ,:at ,i w\ld propose is1 t y %\ld ent] into a k9d ( competition1 by pa9t+ a simil> subject1 & mak+ a companion to any picture t y consid] z a model4 ,aft] y h f9i%$ y\r "w1 place x ne> ! model1 & comp>e !m c>efully toge!r4 ,y w !n n only see b feel y\r own defici5cies m s5sibly ?an by precepts1 or any o!r means ( in/ruction4 ,! true pr9ciples ( pa9t+ w m+le ) y\r ?\ghts4 ,ideas ?us fix$ by s5sible objects w be c]ta9 & def9itive2 &1 s9k+ deep into ! m9d1 w n only be m j b m la/+ ?an ^? pres5t$ to y by precepts only1 :i* w always be fleet+1 v>iable1 & undet]m9$4 ,?is me?od ( comp>+ y\r own ef=ts ) ^? ( "s great ma/] is1 inde$1 a sev]e & mortify+ task1 to :i* none w submit b su* z h great views1 ) =titude suffici5t to =ego ! gratifications ( pres5t vanity = future hon\r4 ,:5 ! ,/ud5t has succe$$ 9 "s measure to 8 own satisfaction1 & has felicitat$ himself on 8 success1 to g volunt>y to a tribunal :]e he kn[s 8 vanity mu/ be humbl$1 & all self-approbation mu/ vani%1 requires n only great resolution b great humility4 ,to him1 h[ev]1 :o has ! ambition to be a real ma/]1 ! solid satisfaction :i* proce$s f a consci\sness ( 8 advancem5t 7( :i* see+ 8 own faults is ! fir/ /ep7 w v abundantly comp5sate = ! mortification ( pres5t disappo9tm5t4 ,!re is1 besides1 ?is alleviat+ circum/ance3 e discov]y he makes1 e acquisition ( k he atta9s1 seems to proce$ f 8 own sagacity3 & ?us he acquires a confid5ce 9 himself suffici5t to keep up ! resolution ( p]sev]ance4 ,we all mu/ h exp]i5c$ h[ lazily1 &1 consequ5tly1 h[ ineffectually1 in/ruction is receiv$ :5 =c$ ^u ! m9d by o!rs4 ,few h be5 taught to any purpose :o h n be5 _! own tea*]s4 ,we pref] ^? in/ructions :i* we h giv5 ourselves1 f our affection to ! in/ructor2 & !y are m effectual1 f be+ receiv$ into ! m9d at ! v "t :5 x is mo/ op5 & eag] to receive !m4 ,) respect to ! pictures t y are to *oose = y\r models1 ,i c\ld wi% t y w\ld take ! _w's op9ion r ?an y\r own4 ,9 o!r words1 ,i w\ld h y *oose ^? ( e/abli%$ reputation r ?an foll[ y\r own fancy4 ,if y %\ld n admire !m at fir/1 y w1 by endeav\r+ to imitate !m1 f9d t ! _w has n be5 mi/ak54 ,x is n an easy task to po9t out ^? v>i\s excell5cies = y\r imitation :i* lie di/ribut$ among/ ! v>i\s s*ools4 ,an endeav\r to d ?is may1 p]haps1 be ! subject ( "s future disc\rse4 ,i w1 !re=e1 at pres5t1 only recomm5d a model = /yle 9 ,pa9t+1 :i* is a bran* ( ! art m imm$iately necess>y to ! "y ,/ud5t4 ,/yle 9 pa9t+ is ! same z 9 writ+1 a p[] ov] mat]ials1 :e!r words or col\rs1 by :i* conceptions or s5tim5ts are convey$4 ,& 9 ?is ,ludovico ,c>acci 7,i mean 8 be/ works7 appe>s to me to approa* ! ne>e/ to p]fection4 ,8 unaffect$ bread? ( light & %ad[1 ! simplicity ( col\r+1 :i*1 hold+ its prop] rank1 does n draw aside ! lea/ "p ( ! att5tion f ! subject1 & ! solemn effect ( t twilight :i* seems diffus$ ov] 8 pictures1 appe> to me to correspond ) grave & dignifi$ subjects1 bett] ?an ! m artificial brilliancy ( sun%9e :i* enlight5s ! pictures ( ,titian2 ?\gh ,t9toret ?\ght t ,titian's col\r+ 0 ! model ( p]fection1 & w\ld correspond ev5 ) ! sublime ( ,mi*el ,angelo2 & t if ,angelo _h col\r$ l ,titian1 or ,titian design$ l ,angelo1 ! _w w\ld once h _h a p]fect pa9t]4 ,x is our mis=tune1 h[ev]1 t ^? works ( ,c>acci :i* ,i w\ld recomm5d to ! ,/ud5t are n (t5 f\nd out ( ,bologna4 ,! ,/4 ,francis 9 ! ,mid/ ( 8 ,fri>s1 ,! ,transfiguration1 ,! ,bir? ( ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 ,! ,call+ ( ,/4 ,mat!w1 ! ,/4 ,j]ome1 ,! ,fresco ,pa9t+s 9 ! ,zampi]i palace1 are all wor?y ! att5tion ( ! ,/ud5t4 ,& ,i ?9k ^? :o travel w\ld d well to allot a mu* great] portion ( _! "t to t city ?an x has be5 hi!rto ! cu/om to be/[4 ,9 ?is art1 z 9 o!rs1 !re are _m tea*]s :o pr(ess to %[ ! ne>e/ way to excell5ce2 & _m exp$i5ts h be5 inv5t$ by :i* ! toil ( /udy might be sav$4 ,b let no man be s$uc$ to idl5ess by speci\s promises4 ,excell5ce is nev] grant$ to man1 b z ! rew>d ( lab\r4 ,x argues1 inde$1 no small /r5g? ( m9d to p]sev]e 9 habits ( indu/ry1 )\t ! pleasure ( p]ceiv+ ^? advances2 :i*1 l ! h&s ( a clock1 :il/ !y make h\rly approa*es to _! po9t1 yet proce$ s sl[ly z to escape obs]vation4 ,a facility ( draw+1 l t ( play+ ^u a musical in/rum5t1 _c be acquir$ b by an inf9ite numb] ( acts4 ,i ne$ n1 !re=e1 en=ce by _m words ! necessity ( cont9ual application2 nor tell y t ! port-crayon ought to be = ev] 9 y\r h&s4 ,v>i\s me?ods w occur to y by :i* ?is p[] may be acquir$4 ,i w\ld p>ticul>ly recomm5d1 t aft] y\r return f ! ,academy 7:]e ,i suppose y\r att5dance to be con/ant71 y w\ld endeav\r to draw ! figure by memory4 ,i w ev5 v5ture to add1 t by p]sev]ance 9 ?is cu/om y w become able to draw ! human figure tol]ably correctly1 ) z little ef=t ( ! m9d z is requir$ to trace ) a p5 ! lett]s ( ! alphabet4 ,t ?is facility is n unatta9able "s memb]s 9 ?is ,academy give a suffici5t pro(4 ,& be assur$1 t1 if ?is p[] is n acquir$ :il/ y are "y1 !re w be no "t = x aft]w>ds2 at lea/1 ! attempt w be att5d$ ) z mu* difficulty z ^? exp]i5ce :o le>n to read or write aft] !y h arriv$ at ! age ( maturity4 ,b :ile ,i m5tion ! port-crayon z ! ,/ud5t's con/ant companion1 he mu/ /ill rememb] t ! p5cil is ! in/rum5t by :i* he mu/ hope to obta9 em95ce4 ,:at1 !re=e1 ,i wi% to impress ^u y is1 t1 :5ev] an opportunity (f]s1 y pa9t y\r /udies in/ead ( draw+ !m4 ,?is w give y su* a facility 9 us+ col\rs1 t 9 "t !y w arrange !mselves "u ! p5cil1 ev5 )\t ! att5tion ( ! h& t conducts x4 ,if "o act exclud$ ! o!r1 ?is advice c\ld n ) any propriety be giv54 ,b if ,pa9t+ comprises bo? draw+ & col\r+1 & if1 by a %ort /raggle ( resolute indu/ry1 ! same exp$ition is atta9able 9 pa9t+ z 9 draw+ on pap]1 ,i _c see :at objection c ju/ly be made to ! practice1 or :y t %\ld be done by p>ts :i* may be done all toge!r4 ,if we turn our eyes to ! sev]al ,s*ools ( ,pa9t+1 & consid] _! respective excell5cies1 we %all f9d t ^? :o excel mo/ 9 col\r+ pursu$ ?is me?od4 ,! ,v5etian & ,flemi% s*ools1 :i* owe mu* ( _! fame to col\r+1 h enri*$ ! cab9ets ( ! collectors ( draw+s ) v few examples4 ,^? ( ,titian1 ,paul ,v]onese1 ,t9toret1 & ! ,bassans1 are 9 g5]al slight & undet]m9$4 ,_! sket*es on pap] are z rude z _! pictures are excell5t 9 reg>d to h>mony ( col\r+4 ,correggio & ,b>occio h left few1 if any1 f9i%$ draw+s beh9d !m4 ,& 9 ! ,flemi% s*ool1 ,rub5s & ,v&yck made _! designs = ! mo/ "p ei!r 9 col\rs or 9 *i>o-oscuro4 ,x is z common to f9d /udies ( ! ,v5etian & ,flemi% ,pa9t]s on canvas z ( ! s*ools ( ,rome & ,flor5ce on pap]4 ,n b t _m f9i%$ draw+s are sold "u ! names ( ^? ma/]s4 ,^?1 h[ev]1 are und\bt$ly ! productions ei!r ( engrav]s or _! s*ol>s1 :o copi$ _! works4 ,^! in/ructions ,i h v5tur$ to (f] f my own exp]i5ce2 b z !y deviate widely f receiv$ op9ions1 ,i (f] !m ) diffid5ce1 & :5 bett] are sugge/$ %all retract !m )\t regret4 ,!re is "o precept1 h[ev]1 9 :i* ,i %all only be oppos$ by ! va91 ! ignorant1 & ! idle4 ,i am n afraid t ,i %all repeat x too (t54 ,y mu/ h no dep5d5ce on y\r own g5ius4 ,if y h great tal5ts1 indu/ry w improve !m3 if y h b mod]ate abilities1 indu/ry w supply _! defici5cy4 ,no?+ is d5i$ to well-direct$ lab\r3 no?+ is to be obta9$ )\t x4 ,n to ent] into metaphysical discussions on ! nature or ess5ce ( g5ius1 ,i w v5ture to ass]t1 t assiduity unabat$ by difficulty1 & a disposition eag]ly direct$ to ! object ( its pursuit1 w produce effects simil> to ^? :i* "s call ! result ( natural p[]s4 ,?\gh a man _c at all times1 & 9 all places1 pa9t or draw1 yet ! m9d c prep>e itself by lay+ 9 prop] mat]ials1 at all times1 & 9 all places4 ,bo? ,livy & ,plut>*1 9 describ+ ,philopoem51 "o ( ! able/ g5]als ( antiquity1 h giv5 u a /rik+ picture ( a m9d always int5t on its pr(ession1 & by assiduity obta9+ ^? excell5cies :i* "s all _! lives va9ly expect f nature4 ,i %all quote ! passage 9 ,livy at l5g?1 z x runs p>allel ) ! practice ,i w\ld recomm5d to ! ,pa9t]1 ,sculptor1 & ,ar*itect3-- ,philopoem5 0 a man em95t = 8 sagacity & exp]i5ce 9 *oos+ gr\nd1 & 9 lead+ armies2 to :i* he =m$ 8 m9d by p]petual m$itation1 9 times ( peace z well z w>4 ,:51 9 any occasional j\rney1 he came to a /rait1 difficult passage1 if he 0 alone1 he consid]$ ) himself1 & if he 0 9 company he ask$ 8 fri5ds1 :at x w\ld be be/ to d if 9 ?is place !y _h f\nd an enemy1 ei!r 9 ! front or 9 ! re>1 on ! "o side or on ! o!r8 ',x might happ51' says he1 't ! enemy to be oppos$ might come on drawn up 9 regul> l9es1 or 9 a tumultu\s body =m$ only by ! nature ( ! place4' ,he !n consid]$ a little :at gr\nd he %\ld take2 :at numb] ( soldi]s he %\ld use1 & :at arms he %\ld give !m2 :]e he %\ld lodge 8 c>riages1 8 baggage1 & ! def5celess foll[]s ( 8 camp2 h[ _m gu>ds1 & ( :at k9d1 he %\ld s5d to def5d !m3 & :e!r x w\ld be bett] to press =w>d along ! pass1 or recov] by retreat 8 =m] /ation3 he w\ld consid] likewise :]e 8 camp c\ld mo/ commodi\sly be =m$2 h[ mu* gr\nd he %\ld enclose )9 8 tr5*es2 :]e he %\ld h ! conv5i5ce ( wat]1 & :]e he might f9d pl5ty ( wood & =age2 & :5 he %\ld break up 8 camp on ! foll[+ day1 ?r\gh :at road he c\ld mo/ safely pass1 & 9 :at =m he %\ld dispose 8 troops4 ,) su* ?\ghts & disquisitions he _h f 8 e>ly ye>s s ex]cis$ 8 m9d1 t on ^! occasions no?+ c\ld happ5 :i* he _h n be5 already accu/om$ to consid]4 ,i _c help imag9+ t ,i see a promis+ "y ,pa9t] equally vigilant1 :e!r at home or abroad1 9 ! /reets or 9 ! fields4 ,e object t pres5ts itself is to him a lesson4 ,he reg>ds all nature ) a view to 8 pr(ession1 & comb9es h] beauties1 or corrects h] defects4 ,he exam9es ! c\nt5ance ( m5 "u ! influ5ce ( passion2 & (t5 cat*es ! mo/ pleas+ h9ts f subjects ( turbul5ce or de=mity4 ,ev5 bad pictures !mselves supply him ) useful docum5ts2 &1 z ,lion>do da ,v9ci has obs]v$1 he improves ^u ! fanciful images t are sometimes se5 9 ! fire1 or are accid5tly sket*$ ^u a discol\r$ wall4 ,! ,arti/ :o has 8 m9d ?us fill$ ) ideas1 & 8 h& made exp]t by practice1 works ) ease & read9ess2 :il/ he :o w\ld h y believe t he is wait+ = ! inspirations ( ,g5ius1 is 9 reality at a loss h[ to beg92 & is at la/ deliv]$ ( 8 mon/]s ) difficulty & pa94 ,! well-gr\nd$ ,pa9t]1 on ! contr>y1 has only maturely to consid] 8 subject1 & all ! me*anical p>ts ( 8 art foll[ )\t 8 ex]tion4 ,consci\s ( ! difficulty ( obta9+ :at he possesses1 he makes no pret5sions to secrets1 except ^? ( clos] application4 ,)\t conceiv+ ! smalle/ jeal\sy aga9/ o!rs1 he is cont5t$ t all %all be z great z himself :o h und]gone ! same fatigue2 & z 8 pre-em95ce dep5ds n ^u a trick1 he is free f ! pa9ful suspicions ( a juggl] :o lives 9 p]petual fe> le/ 8 trick %\ld be discov]$4 ,,disc\rse ,,iii4 ,deliv]$ to ! ,/ud5ts ( ! ,royal ,academy1 on ! ,di/ribution ( ! ,prizes1 ,decemb] #ad1 #aggj4 ,,! ,,great ,,lead+ ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,! ,,gr& ,,/yle4--,,( ,,beauty4--,,! ,,g5u9e ,,habits ,,( ,,nature ,,to ,,be ,,di/+ui%$ ,,f ,,^? ,,( ,,fa%ion4 ,x is n easy to speak ) propriety to s _m ,/ud5ts ( diff]5t ages & diff]5t degrees ( advancem5t4 ,! m9d requires n\ri%m5t adapt$ to its gr[?2 & :at may h promot$ our e>li] ef=ts might ret>d u 9 our ne>] approa*es to p]fection4 ,! fir/ endeav\rs ( a "y ,pa9t]1 z ,i h rem>k$ 9 a =m] disc\rse1 mu/ be employ$ 9 ! atta9m5t ( me*anical dext]ity1 & conf9$ to ! m]e imitation ( ! object be=e him4 ,^? :o h advanc$ beyond ! rudim5ts may1 p]haps1 f9d advantage 9 reflect+ on ! advice :i* ,i h likewise giv5 !m1 :5 ,i recomm5d$ ! dilig5t /udy ( ! works ( our great pr$ecessors2 b ,i at ! same "t endeav\r$ to gu>d !m aga9/ an implicit submission to ! au?ority ( any "o ma/]1 h[ev] excell5t1 or1 by a /rict imitation ( 8 mann]1 preclud+ !mselves f ! abundance & v>iety ( ,nature4 ,i w n[ add1 t ,nature h]self is n to be too closely copi$4 ,!re are excell5cies 9 ! art ( pa9t+ beyond :at is commonly call$ ! imitation ( ,nature1 & ^! excell5cies ,i wi% to po9t out4 ,! ,/ud5ts :o1 hav+ pass$ ?r\gh ! initiatory ex]cises1 are m advanc$ 9 ! art1 & :o1 sure ( _! h&1 h leisure to ex]t _! und]/&+1 mu/ n[ be told t a m]e copi] ( ,nature c nev] produce any?+ great1 c nev] raise & enl>ge ! conceptions1 or w>m ! he>t ( ! spectator4 ,! wi% ( ! g5u9e ,pa9t] mu/ be m ext5sive2 in/ead ( endeav\r+ to amuse mank9d ) ! m9ute neatness ( 8 imitations1 he mu/ endeav\r to improve !m by ! gr&eur ( 8 ideas2 in/ead ( seek+ praise1 by deceiv+ ! sup]ficial s5se ( ! spectator1 he mu/ /rive = fame1 by captivat+ ! imag9ation4 ,! pr9ciple n[ laid d[n1 t ! p]fection ( ?is art does n consi/ 9 m]e imitation1 is f> f be+ new or s+ul>4 ,x is1 inde$1 support$ by ! g5]al op9ion ( ! enlight5$ "p ( mank9d4 ,! poets1 orators1 & rhetoricians ( antiquity are cont9ually en=c+ ?is position1--t all ! arts receive _! p]fection f an ideal beauty1 sup]ior to :at is to be f\nd 9 individual nature4 ,!y are ev] ref]r+ to ! practice ( ! pa9t]s & sculptors ( _! times1 p>ticul>ly ,phidias 7! fav\rite arti/ ( antiquity71 to illu/rate _! ass]tions4 ,z if !y c\ld n suffici5tly express _! admiration ( 8 g5ius by :at !y knew1 !y h rec\rse to poetical en?usiasm3 !y call x inspiration--a gift f heav54 ,! arti/ is suppos$ to h asc5d$ ! cele/ial regions1 to furni% 8 m9d ) ?is p]fect idea ( beauty4 ,he1 says ,proclus1#a :o takes = 8 model su* =ms z ,nature produces1 & conf9es himself to an exact imitation ( !m1 w nev] atta9 to :at is p]fectly beautiful2 = ! works ( ,nature are full ( disproportion1 & fall v %ort ( ! true /&>d ( beauty4 ,s t ,phidias1 :5 he =m$ 8 ,jupit]1 did n copy any object ev] pres5t$ to 8 sight1 b contemplat$ only t image :i* he _h conceiv$ 9 8 m9d f ,hom]'s description4 ,& ?us ,cic]o1 speak+ ( ! same ,phidias3--,nei!r did ?is arti/1 says he1 :5 he c>v$ ! image ( ,jupit] or ,m9]va1 set be=e him any "o human figure1 z a patt]n1 :i* he 0 to copy2 b hav+ a m p]fect idea ( beauty fix$ 9 8 m9d1 ?is is /eadily contemplat$1 & to ! imitation ( ?is all 8 skill & lab\r 7 direct$4 ,! ,mod]ns are n less conv9c$ ?an ! ,anci5ts ( ?is sup]ior p[] exi/+ 9 ! art2 nor less s5sible ( its effects4 ,e language has adopt$ t]ms expressive ( ?is excell5ce4 ,! gu/o gr&e ( ! ,italians1 ! beau idal ( ! ,fr5*1 & great /yle1 g5ius1 & ta/e among ! ,engli%1 are b diff]5t appellations ( ! same ?+4 ,x is ?is intellectual dignity1 !y say1 t ennobles ! ,pa9t]'s art2 t lays ! l9e betwe5 him & ! m]e me*anic2 & produces ^? great effects 9 an in/ant1 :i* eloqu5ce & poetry1 by sl[ & repeat$ ef=ts1 are sc>cely able to atta94 ,su* is ! w>m? ) :i* bo? ! ,anci5ts & ,mod]ns speak ( ?is div9e pr9ciple ( ! art2 b1 z ,i h =m]ly obs]v$1 en?usia/ic admiration seldom promotes k4 ,?\gh a ,/ud5t by su* praise may h 8 att5tion r\s$1 & a desire excit$1 ( runn+ 9 ?is great c>e]1 yet x is possible t :at has be5 said to excite may only s]ve to det] him4 ,he exam9es 8 own m9d1 & p]ceives !re no?+ ( t div9e inspiration ) :i* he is told s _m o!rs h be5 fav\r$4 ,he nev] travell$ to heav5 to ga!r new ideas2 & he f9ds himself possess$ ( no o!r qualifications ?an :at m]e common obs]vation & a pla9 und]/&+ c conf]4 ,?us he becomes gloomy amid/ ! spl5d\r ( figurative declamation1 & ?9ks x hopeless to pursue an object :i* he supposes out ( ! rea* ( human indu/ry4 ,b on ?is1 z ^u _m o!r occasions1 we ought to di/+ui% h[ mu* is to be giv5 to en?usiasm1 & h[ mu* to reason4 ,we ought to all[ =1 & we ought to comm5d1 t /r5g? ( vivid expression :i* is necess>y to convey1 9 its full =ce1 ! highe/ s5se ( ! mo/ complete effect ( art2 tak+ c>e1 at ! same "t1 n to lose 9 t]ms ( vague admiration t solidity & tru? ( pr9ciple ^u :i* alone we c reason1 & may be enabl$ to practise4 ,x is n easy to def9e 9 :at ?is great /yle consi/s2 nor to describe1 by words1 ! prop] means ( acquir+ x1 if ! m9d ( ! ,/ud5t %\ld be at all capable ( su* an acquisition4 ,c\ld we tea* ta/e or g5ius by rules1 !y w\ld be no long] ta/e & g5ius4 ,b ?\gh !re nei!r are1 nor c be1 any precise inv>iable rules = ! ex]cise1 or ! acquisition1 ( ^! great qualities1 yet we may truly say1 t !y always op]ate 9 proportion to our att5tion 9 obs]v+ ! works ( ,nature1 to our skill 9 select+1 & to our c>e 9 dige/+1 me?odis+1 & comp>+ our obs]vations4 ,!re are _m beauties 9 our art t seem1 at fir/1 to lie )\t ! rea* ( precept1 & yet may easily be r$uc$ to practical pr9ciples4 ,exp]i5ce is all 9 all3 b x is n e "o :o pr(its by exp]i5ce2 & mo/ p err1 n s mu* f want ( capacity to f9d _! object1 z f n kn[+ :at object to pursue4 ,?is great ideal p]fection & beauty are n to be s\ght 9 ! heav5s1 b ^u ! e>?4 ,!y are ab\t u1 & ^u e side ( u4 ,b ! p[] ( discov]+ :at is de=m$ 9 ,nature1 or1 9 o!r words1 :at is p>ticul> & uncommon1 c be acquir$ only by exp]i5ce2 & ! :ole beauty & gr&eur ( ! art consi/s1 9 my op9ion1 9 be+ able to get above all s+ul> =ms1 local cu/oms1 p>ticul>ities1 & details ( e k9d4 ,all ! objects :i* are exhibit$ to our view by ,nature1 ^u close exam9ation w be f\nd to h _! blemi%es & defects4 ,! mo/ beautiful =ms h some?+ ab\t !m l weakness1 m9ut5ess1 or imp]fection4 ,b x is n e eye t p]ceives ^! blemi%es4 ,x mu/ be an eye long us$ to ! contemplation & comp>ison ( ^! =ms2 & :i*1 by a long habit ( obs]v+ :at any set ( objects ( ! same k9d h 9 common1 has acquir$ ! p[] ( disc]n+ :at ea* wants 9 p>ticul>4 ,?is long1 labori\s comp>ison %\ld be ! fir/ /udy ( ! ,pa9t] :o aims at ! great /yle4 ,by ?is means he acquires a j idea ( beautiful =ms2 he corrects ,nature by h]self1 h] imp]fect /ate by h] m p]fect4 ,8 eye be+ enabl$ to di/+ui% ! accid5tal defici5cies1 excresc5ces1 & de=mities ( ?+s1 f _! g5]al figures1 he makes out an ab/ract idea ( _! =ms m p]fect ?an any "o orig9al2 & :at may seem a p>adox1 he le>ns to design naturally by draw+ 8 figures unlike to any "o object4 ,?is idea ( ! p]fect /ate ( ,nature1 :i* ! ,arti/ calls ! ,ideal beauty1 is ! great lead+ pr9ciple by :i* works ( g5ius are conduct$4 ,by ?is ,phidias acquir$ 8 fame4 ,he wr\ght ^u a sob] pr9ciple :at has s mu* excit$ ! en?usiasm ( ! _w2 & by ?is me?od y1 :o h c\rage to tread ! same pa?1 may acquire equal reputation4 ,?is is ! idea :i* has acquir$1 & :i* seems to h a "r to1 ! epi!t ( div9e2 z x may be said to preside1 l a supreme judge1 ov] all ! productions ( ,nature1 appe>+ to be possess$ ( ! w & int5tion ( ! ,creator1 z f> z !y reg>d ! ext]nal =m ( liv+ be+s4 ,:5 a man once possesses ?is idea 9 its p]fection1 !re is no dang] b t he w be suffici5tly w>m$ by x himself1 & be able to w>m & ravi% e "o else4 ,?us x is f a reit]at$ exp]i5ce1 & a close comp>ison ( ! objects 9 ,nature1 t an arti/ becomes possess$ ( ! idea ( t c5tral =m1 if ,i may s express x1 f :i* e deviation is de=mity4 ,b ! inve/igation ( ?is =m1 ,i grant1 is pa9ful1 & ,i "k b ( "o me?od ( %ort5+ ! road2 ?is is1 by a c>eful /udy ( ! works ( ! anci5t sculptors2 :o1 be+ indefatigable 9 ! s*ool ( ,nature1 h left models ( t p]fect =m beh9d !m1 :i* an arti/ w\ld pref] z supremely beautiful1 :o _h sp5t 8 :ole life 9 t s+le contemplation4 ,b if indu/ry c>ri$ !m ?us f>1 may n y also hope = ! same rew>d f ! same lab\r8 ,we h ! same s*ool op5$ to u t 0 op5$ to !m2 = ,nature d5ies h] in/ructions to none :o desire to become h] pupils4 ,?is labori\s inve/igation1 ,i am aw>e1 mu/ appe> sup]flu\s to ^? :o ?9k ev]y?+ is to be done by felicity & ! p[]s ( native g5ius4 ,ev5 ! great ,bacon treats ) ridicule ! idea ( conf9+ proportion to rules1 or ( produc+ beauty by selection4 ,a man _c tell1 says he1 :e!r ,apelles or ,alb]t ,dur] 7 ! m trifl]3 :]e( ! "o w\ld make a p]sonage by geometrical proportions2 ! o!r1 by tak+ ! be/ p>ts out ( div]s faces1 to make "o excell5t4 4 4 ,! pa9t]1 he adds1 mu/ d x by a k9d ( felicity 4 4 4 & n by rule4#b ,x is n safe to "q any op9ion ( s great a writ]1 & s pr(\nd a ?9k]1 z und\bt$ly ,bacon 04 ,b he /udies brevity to excess2 & !re=e 8 mean+ is sometimes d\btful4 ,if he means t beauty has no?+ to d ) rule1 he is mi/ak54 ,!re is a rule1 obta9$ out ( g5]al ,nature1 to contradict :i* is to fall into de=mity4 ,:5ev] any?+ is done beyond ?is rule1 x is 9 virtue ( "s o!r rule :i* is foll[$ along ) x1 b :i* does n contradict x4 ,ev]y?+ :i* is wr\ght ) c]ta9ty1 x is wr\ght ^u "s pr9ciple4 ,if is n1 x _c be repeat$4 ,if by felicity is meant any?+ ( *ance or haz>d1 or some?+ born ) a man1 & n e>n$1 ,i _c agree ) ?is great philosoph]4 ,e object :i* pleases mu/ give u pleasure ^u "s c]ta9 pr9ciples3 b z ! objects ( pleasure are almo/ inf9ite1 s _! pr9ciples v>y )\t end1 & e man f9ds !m out1 n by felicity or successful haz>d1 b by c>e & sagacity4 ,to ! pr9ciple ,i h laid d[n1 t ! idea ( beauty 9 ea* species ( be+s is an inv>iable "o1 x may be object$1 t 9 e p>ticul> species !re are v>i\s c5tral =ms1 :i* are sep>ate & di/9ct f ea* o!r1 & yet are und5iably beautiful2 t 9 ! human figure1 = in/ance1 ! beauty ( ,h]cules is "o1 ( ! ,gladiator ano!r1 ( ! ,apollo ano!r2 :i* makes s _m diff]5t ideas ( beauty4 ,x is true1 inde$1 t ^! figures are ea* p]fect 9 _! k9d1 ?\gh ( diff]5t *>act]s & proportions2 b /ill none ( !m is ! repres5tation ( an individual1 b ( a class4 ,& z !re is "o g5]al =m1 :i*1 z ,i h said1 belongs to ! human k9d at l>ge1 s 9 ea* ( ^! classes !re is "o common idea & c5tral =m1 :i* is ! ab/ract ( ! v>i\s individual =ms belong+ to t class4 ,?us1 ?\gh ! =ms ( *ildhood & age diff] exce$+ly1 !re is a common =m 9 *ildhood1 & a common =m 9 age1 :i* is ! m p]fect1 z x is m remote f all peculi>ities4 ,b ,i mu/ add fur!r1 t ?\gh ! mo/ p]fect =ms ( ea* ( ! g5]al divisions ( ! human figure are ideal & sup]ior to any individual =m ( t class2 yet ! highe/ p]fection ( ! human figure is n to be f\nd 9 any "o ( !m4 ,x is n 9 ! ,h]cules1 nor 9 ! ,gladiator1 nor 9 ! ,apollo2 b 9 t =m :i* is tak5 f all1 & :i* p>takes equally ( ! activity ( ! ,gladiator1 ( ! delicacy ( ! ,apollo1 & ( ! muscul> /r5g? ( ! ,h]cules4 ,= p]fect beauty 9 any species mu/ comb9e all ! *>act]s :i* are beautiful 9 t species4 ,x _c consi/ 9 any "o to ! exclusion ( ! re/3 no "o1 !re=e1 mu/ be pr$om9ant1 t no "o may be defici5t4 ,! k ( ^! diff]5t *>act]s1 & ! p[] ( sep>at+ & di/+ui%+ !m1 is und\bt$ly necess>y to ! ,pa9t]1 :o is to v>y 8 compositions ) figures ( v>i\s =ms & proportions1 ?\gh he is nev] to lose sight ( ! g5]al idea ( p]fection 9 ea* k9d4 ,!re is1 likewise1 a k9d ( symmetry1 or proportion1 :i* may prop]ly be said to belong to de=mity4 ,a figure lean or corpul5t1 tall or %ort1 ?\gh deviat+ f beauty1 may /ill h a c]ta9 union ( ! v>i\s p>ts1 :i* may contribute to make !m on ! :ole n unpleas+4 ,:5 ! ,arti/ has by dilig5t att5tion acquir$ a cle> & di/9ct idea ( beauty & symmetry2 :5 he has r$uc$ ! v>iety ( nature to ! ab/ract idea2 8 next task w be to become acqua9t$ ) ! g5u9e habits ( nature1 z di/+ui%$ f ^? ( fa%ion4 ,= 9 ! same mann]1 & on ! same pr9ciples1 z he has acquir$ ! k ( ! real =ms ( nature1 di/9ct f accid5tal de=mity1 he mu/ endeav\r to sep>ate simple *a/e nature f ^? adv5titi\s1 ^? affect$ & =c$ airs or actions1 ) :i* %e is load$ by mod]n education4 ,p]haps ,i _c bett] expla9 :at ,i mean ?an by rem9d+ y ( :at 0 taught u by ! ,pr(essor ( ,anatomy1 9 respect to ! natural position & movem5t ( ! feet4 ,he obs]v$ t ! fa%ion ( turn+ !m outw>ds 0 contr>y to ! int5t ( nature1 z might be se5 f ! /ructure ( ! bones1 & f ! weakness t proce$$ f t mann] ( /&+4 ,to ?is we may add ! erect position ( ! head1 ! projection ( ! *e/1 ! walk+ ) /raight knees1 & _m su* actions1 :i* we "k to be m]ely ! result ( fa%ion1 & :at nature nev] w>rant$1 z we are sure t we h be5 taught !m :5 *ildr54 ,i h m5tion$ b a few ( ^? in/ances1 9 :i* vanity or caprice h contriv$ to di/ort & disfigure ! human =m2 y\r own recollection w add to ^! a ?\s& m ( ill-und]/ood me?ods1 :i* h be5 practis$ to disguise nature among our danc+-ma/]s1 hairdress]s1 & tailors1 9 _! v>i\s s*ools ( de=mity4#c ,h[ev] ! me*anic & ornam5tal arts may sacrifice to ,fa%ion1 %e mu/ be entirely exclud$ f ! ,art ( ,pa9t+2 ! pa9t] mu/ nev] mi/ake ?is caprici\s *all5g+ = ! g5u9e (fspr+ ( nature2 he mu/ dive/ himself ( all prejudices 9 fav\r ( 8 age or c\ntry2 he mu/ disreg>d all local & tempor>y ornam5ts1 & look only on ^? g5]al habits :i* are ev]y:]e & always ! same2 he addresses 8 works to ! p ( e c\ntry & e age1 he calls ^u po/]ity to be 8 spectators1 & says1 ) ,zeuxis1 ,9 t]nitatem p+o4 ,! neglect ( sep>at+ mod]n fa%ions f ! habits ( nature leads to t ridicul\s /yle :i* has be5 practis$ by "s pa9t]s1 :o h giv5 to ,grecian h]oes ! airs & graces practis$ 9 ! c\rt ( ,l\is ,,xiv42 an absurdity almo/ z great z x w\ld h be5 to h dress$ !m aft] ! fa%ion ( t c\rt4 ,to avoid ?is error1 h[ev]1 & to reta9 ! true simplicity ( nature1 is a task m difficult ?an at fir/ sight x may appe>4 ,! prejudices 9 fav\r ( ! fa%ions & cu/oms t we h be5 us$ to1 & :i* are ju/ly call$ a second nature1 make x too (t5 difficult to di/+ui% t :i* is natural f t :i* is ! result ( education2 !y frequ5tly ev5 give a pr$ilection 9 fav\r ( ! artificial mode2 & almo/ e "o is apt to be guid$ by ^? local prejudices1 :o has n *a/is$ 8 m9d1 & regulat$ ! in/ability ( 8 affections by ! et]nal inv>iable idea ( nature4 ,"h1 !n1 z be=e1 we mu/ h rec\rse to ! anci5ts z in/ructors4 ,x is f a c>eful /udy ( _! works t y w be enabl$ to atta9 to ! real simplicity ( nature2 !y w sugge/ _m obs]vations :i* w\ld probably escape y1 if y\r /udy 7 conf9$ to nature alone4 ,&1 inde$1 ,i _c help suspect+1 t1 9 ?is in/ance1 ! anci5ts _h an easi] task ?an ! mod]ns4 ,!y _h1 probably1 little or no?+ to unle>n1 z _! mann]s 7 ne>ly approa*+ to ?is desirable simplicity2 :ile ! mod]n arti/1 be=e he c see ! tru? ( ?+s1 is oblig$ to remove a veil1 ) :i* ! fa%ion ( ! times has ?\ght prop] to cov] h]4 ,hav+ gone ?us f> 9 our inve/igation ( ! great /yle 9 pa9t+2 if we n[ %\ld suppose t ! arti/ has f\nd ! true idea ( beauty1 :i* enables him to give 8 works a correct & p]fect design2 if we %\ld suppose1 also1 t he has acquir$ a k ( ! unadult]at$ habits ( nature1 :i* gives him simplicity2 ! re/ ( 8 task is1 p]haps1 less ?an is g5]ally imag9$4 ,beauty & simplicity h s great a %>e 9 ! composition ( a great /yle1 t he :o has acquir$ !m has little else to le>n4 ,x mu/ n1 inde$1 be =gott5 t !re is a nobl5ess ( conception :i* goes beyond any?+ 9 ! m]e exhibition ev5 ( p]fect =m2 !re is an art ( animat+ & dignify+ ! figures ) intellectual gr&eur1 ( impress+ ! appe>ance ( philosophic wisdom1 or h]oic virtue4 ,?is c only be acquir$ by him t enl>ges ! sph]e ( 8 und]/&+ by a v>iety ( k1 & w>ms 8 imag9ation ) ! be/ productions ( anci5t & mod]n poetry4 ,a h& ?us ex]cis$1 & a m9d ?us in/ruct$1 w br+ ! art to a high] degree ( excell5ce ?an1 p]haps1 x has hi!rto atta9$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,su* a /ud5t w disda9 ! humbl] walks ( pa9t+1 :i*1 h[ev] pr(itable1 c nev] assure him a p]man5t reputation4 ,he w leave ! mean] arti/ s]vilely to suppose t ^? are ! be/ pictures :i* are mo/ likely to deceive ! spectator4 ,he w p]mit ! l[] pa9t]1 l ! flori/ or collector ( %ells1 to exhibit ! m9ute discrim9ations1 :i* di/+ui% "o object ( ! same species f ano!r2 :ile he1 l ! philosoph]1 w consid] nature 9 ! ab/ract1 & repres5t 9 e "o ( 8 figures ! "* ( its species4 ,if deceiv+ ! eye 7 ! only bus9ess ( ! art1 !re is no d\bt1 inde$1 b ! m9ute pa9t] w\ld be m apt to succe$2 b x is n ! eye1 x is ! m9d :i* ! pa9t] ( g5ius desires to address2 nor w he wa/e a mom5t ^u ^? small] objects :i* only s]ve to cat* ! s5se1 to divide ! att5tion1 & to c\nt]act 8 great design ( speak+ to ! he>t4 ,?is is ! ambition :i* ,i wi% to excite 9 y\r m9ds2 & ! object ,i h _h 9 my view1 ?r\gh\t ?is disc\rse1 is t "o great idea :i* gives to pa9t+ its true dignity1 :i* entitles x to ! "n ( a lib]al art1 & ranks x z a si/] ( poetry4 ,x may possibly h happ5$ to _m "y /ud5ts1 ^: application 0 suffici5t to ov]come all difficulties1 & ^: m9ds 7 capable ( embrac+ ! mo/ ext5sive views1 t !y h1 by a wrong direction orig9ally giv51 sp5t _! lives 9 ! mean] walks ( pa9t+1 )\t ev] kn[+ !re 0 a nobl] to pursue4 ,alb]t ,dur]1 z ,vas>i has ju/ly rem>k$1 w\ld probably h be5 "o ( ! fir/ pa9t]s ( 8 age 7& he liv$ 9 an era ( great arti/s7 _h he be5 initiat$ into ^? great pr9ciples ( ! art1 :i* 7 s well und]/ood & practis$ by 8 contempor>ies 9 ,italy4 ,b1 unluckily1 hav+ nev] se5 nor he>d ( any o!r mann]1 he1 )\t d\bt1 consid]$ 8 own z p]fect4 ,z = ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts ( pa9t+ :i* d n presume to make su* high pret5sions1 !y are _m4 ,none ( !m are )\t _! m]it1 ?\gh none ent] into competition ) ?is univ]sal presid+ idea ( ! art4 ,! pa9t]s :o h appli$ !mselves m p>ticul>ly to l[ & vulg> *>act]s1 & :o express ) precision ! v>i\s %ades ( passion z !y are exhibit$ by vulg> m9ds 7su* z we see 9 ! works ( ,hog>?71 des]ve great praise2 b z _! g5ius has be5 employ$ on l[ & conf9$ subjects1 ! praise :i* we give mu/ be z limit$ z its object4 ,! m]rymak+ or qu>rell+ ( ! ,boors ( ,t5i]s2 ! same sort ( productions ( ,br\w] or ,o/ade1 are excell5t 9 _! k9d2 & ! excell5ce & its praise w be 9 proportion1 z1 9 ^? limit$ subjects & peculi> =ms1 !y introduce m or less ( ! expression ( ^? passions z !y appe> 9 g5]al & m enl>g$ nature4 ,?is pr9ciple may be appli$ to ! ,battle-pieces ( ,b\rgognone1 ! ,fr5* ,gallantries ( ,watteau1 & ev5 beyond ! exhibition ( animal life1 to ! ,l&scapes ( ,claude ,lorra9e1 & ! ,sea-,views ( ,v&]velde4 ,all ^! pa9t]s h1 9 g5]al1 ! same "r1 9 diff]5t degrees1 to ! "n ( a pa9t]1 :i* a satiri/1 an epigrammati/1 a sonnete]1 a writ] ( pa/orals or descriptive poetry1 has to t ( a poet4 ,9 ! same rank1 & p]haps ( n s great m]it1 is ! cold pa9t] ( portraits4 ,b 8 correct & j imitation ( 8 object has its m]it4 ,ev5 ! pa9t] ( /ill life1 ^: highe/ ambition is to give a m9ute repres5tation ( e "p ( ^? l[ objects :i* he sets be=e him1 des]ves praise 9 proportion to 8 atta9m5t2 because no "p ( ?is excell5t art1 s mu* ! ornam5t ( poli%$ life1 is de/itute ( value & use4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 are by no means ! views to :i* ! m9d ( ! /ud5t ought to be prim>ily direct$4 ,hav+ begun by aim+ at bett] ?+s1 if f p>ticul> incl9ation1 or f ! ta/e ( ! "t & place he lives 91 or f necessity1 or f failure 9 ! highe/ attempts1 he is oblig$ to desc5d l[]1 he w br+ into ! l[] sph]e ( art a gr&eur ( composition & "* t w raise & ennoble 8 works f> above _! natural rank4 ,a man is n weak1 ?\gh he may n be able to wield ! club ( ,h]cules2 nor does a man always practice t :i* he e/eems ! be/1 b does t :i* he c be/ d4 ,9 mod]ate attempts !re are _m walks op5 to ! arti/4 ,b z ! idea ( beauty is ( necessity b "o1 s !re c be b "o great mode ( pa9t+2 ! lead+ pr9ciple ( :i* ,i h endeav\r$ to expla94 ,i %\ld be sorry if :at is "h recomm5d$ %\ld be at all und]/ood to c\nt5ance a c>eless or undet]m9$ mann] ( pa9t+4 ,=1 ?\gh ! pa9t] is to ov]look ! accid5tal discrim9ations ( nature1 he is to exhibit di/9ctly1 & ) precision1 ! g5]al =ms ( ?+s4 ,a firm & det]m9$ outl9e is "o ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! great /yle 9 pa9t+2 &1 let me add1 t he :o possesses ! k ( ! exact =m :i* e "p ( nature ought to h1 w be fond ( express+ t k ) correctness & precision 9 all 8 works4 ,to conclude3 ,i h endeav\r$ to r$uce ! idea ( beauty to g5]al pr9ciples2 & ,i _h ! pleasure to obs]ve t ! ,pr(essor ( ,pa9t+ proce$$ 9 ! same me?od1 :5 he %[$ y t ! artifice ( contra/ 0 f\nd$ b on "o pr9ciple4 ,i am conv9c$ t ?is is ! only means ( advanc+ sci5ce2 ( cle>+ ! m9d f a confus$ heap ( contradictory obs]vations1 t d b p]plex & puzzle ! /ud5t1 :5 he comp>es !m1 or misguide him if he gives himself up to _! au?ority2 br++ !m "u "o g5]al head c alone give re/ & satisfaction to an inquisitive m9d4 ,,footnotes3 #a3 ,lib4 #b1 9 ,timum ,platonis1 z cit$ by ,junius de ,pictura ,vet]um4--,r4 #b3 ,essays1 p4 #beb1 edit4 #afbe4 #c3 ,^?1 says ,qu9tilian1 :o are tak5 ) ! outw>d %[ ( ?+s1 ?9k t !re is m beauty 9 p]sons :o are trimm$1 curl$1 & pa9t$1 ?an uncorrupt nature c give2 z if beauty 7 m]ely ! effect ( ! corruption ( mann]s4--,r4 ,,disc\rse ,,iv4 ,deliv]$ to ! ,/ud5ts ( ! ,royal ,academy1 on ! ,di/ribution ( ! ,prizes1 ,decemb] #aj1 #agga4 ,,g5]al ,,ideas1 ,,! ,,presid+ ,,pr9ciple ,,:i* ,,regulates ,,e ,,"p ,,( ,,art2 ,,inv5tion1 ,,expression1 ,,col\r+1 ,,& ,,drap]y4--,,two ,,di/9ct ,,/yles ,,9 ,,hi/ory-,,pa9t+2 ,,! ,,gr& ,,& ,,! ,,ornam5tal4--,,! ,,s*ools ,,9 ,,:i* ,,ea* ,,is ,,to ,,be ,,f\nd4--,,! ,,composite ,,/yle4--,,! ,,/yle ,,=m$ ,,on ,,local ,,cu/oms ,,& ,,habits1 ,,or ,a ,,p>tial ,,view ,,( ,,nature4 ,! value & rank ( e art is 9 proportion to ! m5tal lab\r employ$ 9 x1 or ! m5tal pleasure produc$ by x4 ,z ?is pr9ciple is obs]v$ or neglect$1 our pr(ession becomes ei!r a lib]al art or a me*anical trade4 ,9 ! h&s ( "o man1 x makes ! highe/ pret5sions1 z x is address$ to ! noble/ faculties3 9 ^? ( ano!r1 x is r$uc$ to a m]e matt] ( ornam5t2 & ! pa9t] has b ! humble prov9ce ( furni%+ our ap>tm5ts ) elegance4 ,?is ex]tion ( m9d1 :i* is ! only circum/ance t truly ennobles our ,art1 makes ! great di/9ction betwe5 ! ,roman & ,v5etian s*ools4 ,i h =m]ly obs]v$ t p]fect =m is produc$ by leav+ out p>ticul>ities1 & reta9+ only g5]al ideas3 ,i %all n[ endeav\r to %[ t ?is pr9ciple1 :i* ,i h prov$ to be metaphysically j1 ext5ds itself to e "p ( ! ,art2 t x gives :at is call$ ! gr& /yle to ,inv5tion1 to ,composition1 to ,expression1 & ev5 to ,col\r+ & ,drap]y4 ,inv5tion1 9 ,pa9t+1 does n imply ! inv5tion ( ! subject1 = t is commonly suppli$ by ! ,poet or ,hi/orian4 ,) respect to ! *oice1 no subject c be prop] t is n g5]ally int]e/+4 ,x ought to be ei!r "s em95t in/ance ( h]oic action or h]oic suff]+4 ,!re mu/ be some?+1 ei!r 9 ! action or 9 ! object1 9 :i* m5 are univ]sally conc]n$1 & :i* p[]fully /rikes ^u ! public sympa?y4 ,/rictly speak+1 inde$1 no subject c be ( univ]sal1 h>dly c x be ( g5]al1 conc]n2 b !re are ev5ts & *>act]s s popul>ly kn[n 9 ^? c\ntries :]e our ,art is 9 reque/1 t !y may be consid]$ z suffici5tly g5]al = all our purposes4 ,su* are ! great ev5ts ( ,greek & ,roman fable & hi/ory1 :i* e>ly education1 & ! usual c\rse ( read+1 h made famili> & int]e/+ to all ,europe1 )\t be+ degrad$ by ! vulg>ism ( ord9>y life 9 any c\ntry4 ,su*1 too1 are ! capital subjects ( ,scripture hi/ory1 :i*1 beside _! g5]al notoriety1 become v5]able by _! connection ) our religion4 ,z x is requir$ t ! subject select$ %\ld be a g5]al "o1 x is no less necess>y t x %\ld be kept unemb>rass$ ) :atev] may any way s]ve to divide ! att5tion ( ! spectator4 ,:5ev] a /ory is relat$1 e man =ms a picture 9 8 m9d ( ! action & expression ( ! p]sons employ$4 ,! p[] ( repres5t+ ?is m5tal picture on canvas is :at we call inv5tion 9 a ,pa9t]4 ,& z1 9 ! conception ( ?is ideal picture1 ! m9d does n ent] into ! m9ute peculi>ities ( ! dress1 furniture1 or sc5e ( action2 s1 :5 ! ,pa9t] comes to repres5t x1 he contrives ^? little necess>y concomitant circum/ances 9 su* a mann] t !y %all /rike ! spectator no m ?an !y did himself 9 8 fir/ conception ( ! /ory4 ,i am v ready to all[ t "s circum/ances ( m9ut5ess & p>ticul>ity frequ5tly t5d to give an air ( tru? to a piece1 & to int]e/ ! spectator 9 an extraord9>y mann]4 ,su* circum/ances1 !re=e1 _c :olly be reject$3 b if !re be any?+ 9 ! ,art :i* require peculi> nicety ( disc]nm5t1 x is ! disposition ( ^! m9ute circum/antial p>ts2 :i*1 accord+ to ! judgm5t employ$ 9 ! *oice1 become s useful to tru?1 or s injuri\s to gr&eur4 ,h[ev]1 ! usual & mo/ dang]\s error is on ! side ( m9ut5ess2 &1 !re=e1 ,i ?9k caution mo/ necess>y :]e mo/ h fail$4 ,! g5]al idea con/itutes real excell5ce4 ,all small] ?+s1 h[ev] p]fect 9 _! way1 are to be sacrific$ )\t m]cy to ! great]4 ,! ,pa9t] w n inquire :at ?+s may be admitt$ )\t mu* c5sure2 he w n ?9k x en\gh to %[ t !y may be !re2 he w %[ t !y mu/ be !re2 t _! abs5ce w\ld r5d] 8 picture maim$ & defective4 ,?us1 ?\gh to ! pr9cipal gr\p a second or ?ird be add$1 & a second & ?ird mass ( light1 c>e mu/ be tak5 t ^! subord9ate actions & lights1 nei!r ea* 9 p>ticul>1 nor all toge!r1 come into any degree ( competition ) ! pr9cipal3 !y %\ld m]ely make a "p ( t :ole :i* w\ld be imp]fect )\t !m4 ,to e k9d ( pa9t+ ?is rule may be appli$4 ,ev5 9 portraits1 ! grace1 &1 we may add1 ! lik5ess consi/s m 9 tak+ ! g5]al air ?an 9 obs]v+ ! exact similitude ( e feature4 ,?us figures mu/ h a gr\nd :]eon to /&2 !y mu/ be clo!d2 !re mu/ be a backgr\nd2 !re mu/ be light & %ad[2 b none ( ^! ought to appe> to h tak5 up any "p ( ! arti/'s att5tion4 ,!y %\ld be s manag$ z n ev5 to cat* t ( ! spectator4 ,we "k well en\gh1 :5 we analyse a piece1 ! difficulty & ! subtlety ) :i* an arti/ adju/s ! backgr\nd drap]y & masses ( light2 we "k t a consid]able "p ( ! grace & effect ( 8 picture dep5ds ^u !m2 b ?is art is s mu* conceal$1 ev5 to a judici\s eye1 t no rema9s ( any ( ^! subord9ate p>ts occur to ! memory :5 ! picture is n pres5t4 ,! great end ( ! art is to /rike ! imag9ation4 ,! ,pa9t]1 !re=e1 is to make no o/5tation ( ! means by :i* ?is is done2 ! spectator is only to feel ! result 9 8 bosom4 ,an inf]ior arti/ is unwill+ t any "p ( 8 indu/ry %\ld be lo/ ^u ! spectator4 ,he takes z mu* pa9s to discov]1 z ! great] arti/ does to conceal1 ! m>ks ( 8 subord9ate assiduity4 ,9 works ( ! l[] k9d ev]y?+ appe>s /udi$ & encumb]$2 x is all boa/ful art & op5 affectation4 ,! ignorant (t5 "p f su* pictures ) wond] 9 _! m\?s & indiff]5ce 9 _! he>ts4 ,b x is n en\gh 9 ,inv5tion t ! ,arti/ %\ld re/ra9 & keep "u all ! inf]ior p>ts ( 8 subject2 he mu/ sometimes deviate f vulg> & /rict hi/orical tru?1 9 pursu+ ! gr&eur ( 8 design4 ,h[ mu* ! great /yle exacts f its pr(essors to conceive & repres5t _! subjects 9 a poetical mann]1 n conf9$ to m]e matt] ( fact1 may be se5 9 ! ,c>toons ( ,raffaelle4 ,9 all ! pictures 9 :i* ! pa9t] has repres5t$ ! apo/les1 he has drawn !m ) great nobl5ess2 he has giv5 !m z mu* dignity z ! human figure is capable ( receiv+2 yet we are expressly told 9 ,scripture !y _h no su* respectable appe>ance2 & ( ,/4 ,paul1 9 p>ticul>1 we are told1 by himself1 t 8 bodily pres5ce 0 mean4 ,alex&] is said to h be5 ( a l[ /ature3 a ,pa9t] ought n s to repres5t him4 ,agesilaus 0 l[1 lame1 & ( a mean appe>ance3 none ( ^! defects ought to appe> 9 a piece ( :i* he is ! h]o4 ,9 con=mity to cu/om1 ,i call ?is "p ( ! art ,hi/ory ,pa9t+2 x ought to be call$ ,poetical1 z 9 reality x is4 ,all ?is is n falsify+ any fact2 x is tak+ an all[$ poetical lic5se4 ,a pa9t] ( portraits reta9s ! individual lik5ess2 a pa9t] ( hi/ory %[s ! man by %[+ 8 action4 ,a ,pa9t] mu/ comp5sate ! natural defici5cies ( 8 art4 ,he has b "o s5t5ce to utt]1 b "o mom5t to exhibit4 ,he _c1 l ! poet or hi/orian1 expatiate1 & impress ! m9d ) great v5]ation = ! "* ( ! h]o or sa9t he repres5ts1 ?\gh he lets u "k1 at ! same "t1 t ! sa9t 0 de=m$ or ! h]o lame4 ,! ,pa9t] has no o!r means ( giv+ an idea ( ! dignity ( ! m9d1 b by t ext]nal appe>ance :i* gr&eur ( ?\ght does g5]ally1 ?\gh n always1 impress on ! c\nt5ance2 & by t correspond5ce ( figure to s5tim5t & situation1 :i* all m5 wi%1 b _c comm&4 ,! ,pa9t] :o may 9 ?is "o p>ticul> atta9 ) ease :at o!rs desire 9 va91 ought to give all t he possibly c1 s9ce !re are s _m circum/ances ( true greatness t he _c give at all4 ,he _c make 8 h]o talk l a great man2 he mu/ make him look l "o4 ,= :i* reason he ought to be well /udi$ 9 ! analysis ( ^? circum/ances :i* con/itute dignity ( appe>ance 9 real life4 ,z 9 ,inv5tion1 s likewise 9 ,expression1 c>e mu/ be tak5 n to run into p>ticul>ities4 ,^? expressions alone %\ld be giv5 to ! figures :i* _! respective situations g5]ally produce4 ,nor is ?is en\gh2 ea* p]son %\ld also h t expression :i* m5 ( 8 rank g5]ally exhibit4 ,! joy1 or ! grief1 ( a "* ( dignity is n to be express$ 9 ! same mann] z a simil> passion 9 a vulg> face4 ,^u ?is pr9ciple1 ,b]n9i1 p]haps1 may be subject to c5sure4 ,?is sculptor1 9 _m respects admirable1 has giv5 a v mean expression to 8 /atue ( ,david1 :o is repres5t$ z j go+ to ?r[ ! /one f ! sl+2 &1 9 ord] to give x ! expression ( en]gy1 he has made him bit+ 8 "u lip4 ,?is expression is f> f be+ g5]al1 & /ill f>!r f be+ dignifi$4 ,he might h se5 x 9 an in/ance or two2 & he mi/ook accid5t = g5]ality4 ,) respect to ,col\r+1 ?\gh x may appe> at fir/ a "p ( pa9t+ m]ely me*anical1 yet x /ill has its rules1 & ^? gr\nd$ ^u t presid+ pr9ciple :i* regulates bo? ! great & ! little 9 ! /udy ( a pa9t]4 ,by ?is1 ! fir/ effect ( ! picture is produc$2 & z ?is is p]=m$1 ! spectator1 z he walks ! gall]y1 w /op1 or pass along4 ,to give a g5]al air ( gr&eur at fir/ view1 all trifl+1 or artful play ( little lights1 or an att5tion to a v>iety ( t9ts1 is to be avoid$2 a quietness & simplicity mu/ reign ov] ! :ole "w2 to :i* a bread? ( uni=m & simple col\r w v mu* contribute4 ,gr&eur ( effect is produc$ by two diff]5t ways1 :i* seem entirely oppos$ to ea* o!r4 ,"o is1 by r$uc+ ! col\rs to little m ?an *i>o-oscuro1 :i* 0 (t5 ! practice ( ! ,bolognian s*ools2 & ! o!r1 by mak+ ! col\rs v di/9ct & =cible1 su* z we see 9 ^? ( ,rome & ,flor5ce2 b /ill1 ! presid+ pr9ciple ( bo? ^? mann]s is simplicity4 ,c]ta9ly1 no?+ c be m simple ?an monotony2 & ! di/9ct blue1 r$1 & yell[ col\rs :i* are se5 9 ! drap]ies ( ! ,roman & ,flor5t9e s*ools1 ?\gh !y h n t k9d ( h>mony :i* is produc$ by a v>iety ( brok5 & transp>5t col\rs1 h t effect ( gr&eur :i* 0 int5d$4 ,p]haps ^! di/9ct col\rs /rike ! m9d m =cibly1 f !re n be+ any great union betwe5 !m2 z m>tial music1 :i* is int5d$ to r\se ! nobl] passions1 has its effect f ! sudd5 & /rongly-m>k$ transitions f "o note to ano!r :i* t /yle ( music requires2 :il/ 9 t :i* is int5d$ to move ! s(t] passions1 ! notes imp]ceptibly melt into "o ano!r4 ,9 ! same mann] z ! hi/orical pa9t] nev] ent]s into ! detail ( col\rs1 s nei!r does he debase 8 conceptions ) m9ute att5tion to ! discrim9ations ( drap]y4 ,x is ! inf]ior /yle t m>ks ! v>iety ( /uffs4 ,) him ! clo?+ is nei!r wooll51 nor l951 nor silk1 sat91 or velvet3 x is drap]y2 x is no?+ m4 ,! art ( dispos+ ! fold+s ( ! drap]y makes a v consid]able "p ( ! pa9t]'s /udy4 ,to make x m]ely natural is a me*anical op]ation1 to :i* nei!r g5ius nor ta/e are requir$2 :]eas x requires ! nice/ judgm5t to dispose ! drap]y1 s t ! folds %all h an easy communication1 & gracefully foll[ ea* o!r ) su* natural neglig5ce z to look l ! effect ( *ance1 & at ! same "t %[ ! figure "u x to ! utmo/ advantage4 ,c>lo ,m>atti 0 ( op9ion t ! disposition ( drap]y 0 a m difficult art ?an ev5 t ( draw+ ! human figure2 t a /ud5t might be m easily taught ! latt] ?an ! =m]2 z ! rules ( drap]y1 he said1 c\ld n be s well asc]ta9$ z ^? = del9eat+ a correct =m4 ,?is1 p]haps1 is a pro( h[ will+ly we fav\r our own peculi> excell5ce4 ,c>lo ,m>atti is said to h valu$ himself p>ticul>ly ^u 8 skill 9 ?is "p ( 8 art2 yet 9 him1 ! disposition appe>s s o/5tati\sly artificial1 t he is inf]ior to ,raffaelle1 ev5 9 t :i* gave him 8 be/ claim to reputation4 ,su* is ! great pr9ciple by :i* we mu/ be direct$ 9 ! nobl] bran*es ( our art4 ,^u ?is pr9ciple1 ! ,roman1 ! ,flor5t9e1 ! ,bolognese s*ools h =m$ _! practice2 & by ?is !y h des]v$ly obta9$ ! highe/ praise4 ,^! are ! ?ree great s*ools ( ! _w 9 ! epic /yle4 ,! be/ ( ! ,fr5* s*ool1 ,p\ss91 ,le ,sueur1 & ,le ,brun1 h =m$ !mselves ^u ^! models1 & consequ5tly may be said1 ?\gh ,fr5*m51 to be a colony f ! ,roman s*ool4 ,next to ^!1 b 9 a v diff]5t /yle ( excell5ce1 we may rank ! ,v5etian1 toge!r ) ! ,flemi% & ,dut* s*ools2 all pr(ess+ to dep>t f ! great purposes ( pa9t+1 & cat*+ at applause by inf]ior qualities4 ,i am n ignorant t "s w c5sure me = plac+ ! ,v5etians 9 ?is inf]ior class1 & _m ( ! w>me/ admir]s ( pa9t+ w ?9k !m unju/ly degrad$2 b ,i wi% n to be misund]/ood4 ,?\gh ,i c by no means all[ !m to hold any rank ) ! nobl] s*ools ( pa9t+1 !y accompli%$ p]fectly ! ?+ !y attempt$4 ,b z m]e elegance is _! pr9cipal object1 z !y seem m will+ to dazzle ?an to affect1 x c be no injury to !m to suppose t _! practice is useful only to its prop] end4 ,b :at may height5 ! elegant may degrade ! sublime4 ,!re is a simplicity1 &1 ,i may add1 sev]ity1 9 ! great mann]1 :i* is1 ,i am afraid1 almo/ incompatible ) ?is comp>atively s5sual /yle4 ,t9toret1 ,paul ,v]onese1 & o!rs ( ! ,v5etian s*ool1 seem to h pa9t$ ) no o!r purpose ?an to be admir$ = _! skill & exp]tness 9 ! me*anism ( pa9t+1 & to make a p>ade ( t art1 :i*1 z ,i be=e obs]v$1 ! high] /yle requires its foll[]s to conceal4 ,9 a conf]5ce ( ! ,fr5* ,academy1 at :i* 7 pres5t ,le ,brun1 ,saba/ian ,b\rdon1 & all ! em95t ,arti/s ( t age1 "o ( ! ,academicians desir$ to h _! op9ion on ! conduct ( ,paul ,v]onese1 :o1 ?\gh a pa9t] ( great consid]ation1 _h1 contr>y to ! /rict rules ( art1 9 8 picture ( ,p]seus & ,&rom$a1 repres5t$ ! pr9cipal figure 9 %ade4 ,to ?is "q no satisfactory answ] 0 !n giv54 ,b ,i w v5ture to say1 t1 if !y _h consid]$ ! class ( ! ,arti/1 & rank$ him z an ornam5tal ,pa9t]1 !re w\ld h be5 no difficulty 9 answ]+--,x 0 unreasonable to expect :at 0 nev] int5d$4 ,8 int5tion 0 solely to produce an effect ( light & %ad[2 ev]y?+ 0 to be sacrific$ to t int5t1 & ! caprici\s composition ( t picture suit$ v well ) ! /yle :i* he pr(ess$4 ,"y m9ds are inde$ too apt to be captivat$ by ?is spl5d\r ( /yle2 & t ( ! ,v5etians is p>ticul>ly pleas+2 = by !m all ^? p>ts ( ! ,art t gave pleasure to ! eye or s5se h be5 cultivat$ ) c>e1 & c>ri$ to ! degree ne>e/ to p]fection4 ,! p[]s ex]t$ 9 ! me*anical "p ( ! ,art h be5 call$ ! language ( ,pa9t]s2 b we may say1 t x is b poor eloqu5ce :i* only %[s t ! orator c talk4 ,words %\ld be employ$ z ! means1 n z ! end3 language is ! in/rum5t1 conviction is ! "w4 ,! language ( ,pa9t+ mu/ inde$ be all[$ ^! ma/]s2 b ev5 9 t !y h %[n m copi\sness ?an *oice1 & m luxuriancy ?an judgm5t4 ,if we consid] ! un9t]e/+ subjects ( _! inv5tion1 or at lea/ ! un9t]e/+ mann] 9 :i* !y are treat$2 if we att5d to _! caprici\s composition1 _! viol5t & affect$ contra/s1 :e!r ( figures or ( light & %ad[1 ! ri*ness ( _! drap]y1 &1 at ! same "t1 ! mean effect :i* ! discrim9ation ( /uffs gives to _! pictures2 if to ^! we add _! total inatt5tion to expression2 & !n reflect on ! conceptions & ! le>n+ ( ,mi*el ,angelo1 or ! simplicity ( ,raffaelle1 we c no long] dwell on ! comp>ison4 ,ev5 9 col\r+1 if we comp>e ! quietness & *a/ity ( ! ,bolognese p5cil to ! bu/le & tumult t fills e "p ( a ,v5etian picture1 )\t ! lea/ attempt to int]e/ ! passions1 _! boa/$ art w appe> a m]e /ruggle )\t effect2 a tale told by an idiot1 full ( s\nd & fury1 signify+ no?+4 ,su* z suppose t ! great /yle might happily be bl5d$ ) ! ornam5tal1 t ! simple1 grave1 & maje/ic dignity ( ,raffaelle c\ld unite ) ! gl[ & bu/le ( a ,paolo or ,t9toret1 are totally mi/ak54 ,! pr9ciples by :i* ea* is atta9$ are s contr>y to ea* o!r1 t !y seem1 9 my op9ion1 incompatible1 & z impossible to exi/ toge!r1 z t 9 ! m9d ! mo/ sublime ideas & ! l[e/ s5suality %\ld at ! same "t be unit$4 ,! subjects ( ! ,v5etian ,pa9t]s are mo/ly su* z give !m an opportunity ( introduc+ a great numb] ( figures2 su* z fea/s1 m>riages1 & processions1 public m>tyrdoms1 or miracles4 ,i c easily conceive t ,paul ,v]onese1 if he 7 ask$1 w\ld say1 t no subject 0 prop] = an hi/orical picture1 b su* z admitt$ at lea/ =ty figures2 = 9 a less numb]1 he w\ld ass]t1 !re c\ld be no opportunity ( ! ,pa9t]'s %[+ 8 art 9 composition1 8 dext]ity ( manag+ & dispos+ ! masses ( light & gr\ps ( figures1 & ( introduc+ a v>iety ( ,ea/]n dresses & *>act]s 9 _! ri* /uffs4 ,b ! ?+ is v diff]5t ) a pupil ( ! great] s*ools4 ,annibale ,c>acci ?\ght twelve figures suffici5t = any /ory2 he conceiv$ t m w\ld contribute to no end b to fill space2 t !y w\ld be b cold spectators ( ! g5]al action1 or1 to use 8 own expression1 t !y w\ld be figures to be let4 ,besides1 x is impossible = a picture compos$ ( s _m p>ts to h t effect s indisp5sably necess>y to gr&eur1 t ( "o complete :ole4 ,h[ev] contradictory x may be 9 geometry1 x is true 9 ta/e1 t _m little ?+s w n make a great "o4 ,! ,sublime impresses ! m9d at once ) "o great idea2 x is a s+le bl[3 ! ,elegant1 inde$1 may be produc$ by repetition2 by an accumulation ( _m m9ute circum/ances4 ,h[ev] great ! diff]5ce is betwe5 ! composition ( ! ,v5etian & ! re/ ( ! ,italian s*ools1 !re is full z great a disp>ity 9 ! effect ( _! pictures z produc$ by col\rs4 ,& ?\gh 9 ?is respect ! ,v5etians mu/ be all[$ extraord9>y skill1 yet ev5 t skill1 z !y h employ$ x1 w b ill correspond ) ! great /yle4 ,_! col\r+ is n only too brilliant1 b1 ,i w v5ture to say1 too h>moni\s1 to produce t solidity1 /ead9ess1 & simplicity ( effect1 :i* h]oic subjects require1 & :i* simple or grave col\rs only c give to a "w4 ,t !y are to be cauti\sly /udi$ by ^? :o are ambiti\s ( tread+ ! great walk ( hi/ory1 is confirm$1 if x wants confirmation1 by ! greate/ ( all au?orities1 ,mi*el ,angelo4 ,?is wond]ful man1 aft] hav+ se5 a picture by ,titian1 told ,vas>i1 :o accompani$ him1 t he lik$ mu* 8 col\r+ & mann]2 b !n he add$1 t x 0 a pity ! ,v5etian pa9t]s did n le>n to draw correctly 9 _! e>ly y\?1 & adopt a bett] mann] ( /udy4 ,by ?is x appe>s t ! pr9cipal att5tion ( ! ,v5etian pa9t]s1 9 ! op9ion ( ,mi*el ,angelo1 seem$ to be engross$ by ! /udy ( col\rs1 to ! neglect ( ! ideal beauty ( =m1 or propriety ( expression4 ,b if g5]al c5sure 0 giv5 to t s*ool f ! sight ( a picture ( ,titian1 h[ mu* m heavily & m ju/ly w\ld ! c5sure fall on ,paolo ,v]onese1 & m especially on ,t9toret8 ,& "h ,i _c avoid cit+ ,vas>i's op9ion ( ! /yle & mann] ( ,t9toret4 ,( all ! extraord9>y g5iuses1 says he1 t h practis$ ! art ( pa9t+1 = wild1 caprici\s1 extravagant1 & fanta/ical inv5tions1 = furi\s impetuosity & boldness 9 ! execution ( 8 "w1 !re is none l ,t9toret2 8 /range :imsies are ev5 beyond extravagance2 & 8 works seem to be produc$ r by *ance ?an 9 consequ5ce ( any previ\s design1 z if he want$ to conv9ce ! _w t ! art 0 a trifle1 & ( ! mo/ easy atta9m5t4 ,= my own "p1 :5 ,i speak ( ! ,v5etian pa9t]s1 ,i wi% to be und]/ood to mean ,paolo ,v]onese & ,t9toret1 to ! exclusion ( ,titian2 = ?\gh 8 /yle is n s pure z t ( _m o!r ( ! ,italian ,s*ools1 yet !re is a sort ( s5atorial dignity ab\t him1 :i*1 h[ev] awkw>d 9 8 imitators1 seems to become him exce$+ly4 ,8 portraits alone1 f ! nobl5ess & simplicity ( "* :i* he always gave !m1 w entitle him to ! greate/ respect1 z he und\bt$ly /&s 9 ! fir/ rank 9 ?is bran* ( ! art4 ,x is n ) ,titian1 b ) ! s$uc+ qualities ( ! two =m]1 t ,i c\ld wi% to caution y aga9/ be+ too mu* captivat$4 ,^! are ! p]sons :o may be said to h exhau/$ all ! p[]s ( florid eloqu5ce1 to debau* ! "y & unexp]i5c$2 & h1 )\t d\bt1 be5 ! cause ( turn+ (f ! att5tion ( ! connoisseur & ( ! patron ( art1 z well z t ( ! pa9t]1 f ^? high] excell5cies ( :i* ! art is capable1 & :i* ought to be requir$ 9 e consid]able production4 ,by !m1 & _! imitators1 a /yle m]ely ornam5tal has be5 dissem9at$ ?r\gh\t all ,europe4 ,rub5s c>ri$ x to ,fl&]s2 ,voet to ,france2 & ,lucca ,giordano to ,spa9 & ,naples4 ,! ,v5etian is inde$ ! mo/ spl5did ( ! s*ools ( elegance2 & x is n )\t reason t ! be/ p]=mances 9 ?is l[] s*ool are valu$ high] ?an ! second-rate p]=mances ( ^? above !m2 = e picture has value :5 x has a decid$ "*1 & is excell5t 9 its k9d4 ,b ! /ud5t mu/ take c>e n to be s mu* dazzl$ ) ?is spl5d\r z to be tempt$ to imitate :at mu/ ultimately lead f p]fection4 ,p\ss91 ^: eye 0 always /eadily fix$ on ! sublime1 has be5 (t5 he>d to say1 t a p>ticul> att5tion to col\r+ 0 an ob/acle to ! /ud5t1 9 8 progress to ! great end & design ( ! art2 & t he :o atta*es himself to ?is pr9cipal end w acquire by practice a reasonably good me?od ( col\r+4 ,?\gh x be all[$ t elaborate h>mony ( col\r+1 a brilliancy ( t9ts1 a s(t & gradual transition f "o to ano!r1 pres5t to ! eye :at an h>moni\s conc]t ( music does to ! e>1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t pa9t+ is n m]ely a gratification ( ! sight4 ,su* excell5ce1 ?\gh prop]ly cultivat$1 :]e no?+ high] ?an elegance is int5d$1 is weak & unwor?y ( reg>d1 :5 ! "w aspires to gr&eur & sublimity4 ,! same reasons t h be5 urg$ to %[ t a mixture ( ! ,v5etian /yle _c improve ! great /yle1 w hold good 9 reg>d to ! ,flemi% & ,dut* s*ools4 ,inde$1 ! ,flemi% s*ool1 ( :i* ,rub5s is ! head1 0 =m$ ^u t ( ! ,v5etian2 l !m1 he took 8 figures too mu* f ! p be=e him4 ,b x mu/ be all[$ 9 fav\r ( ! ,v5etians1 t he 0 m gross ?an !y1 & c>ri$ all _! mi/ak5 me?ods to a f> great] excess4 ,9 ! ,v5etian s*ool itself1 :]e !y all err f ! same cause1 !re is a diff]5ce 9 ! effect4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ,paolo & ,bassano seems to be only1 t "o introduc$ ,v5etian g5tlem5 into 8 pictures1 & ! o!r ! boors ( ! di/rict ( ,bassano1 & call$ !m patri>*s & prophets4 ,! pa9t]s ( ! ,dut* s*ool h /ill m locality4 ,) !m a hi/ory-piece is prop]ly a portrait ( !mselves2 :e!r !y describe ! inside or outside ( _! h\ses1 we h _! own p engag$ 9 _! own peculi> occupations2 work+ or dr9k+1 play+ or fight+4 ,! circum/ances t ent] into a picture ( ?is k9d are s f> f giv+ a g5]al view ( human life1 t !y exhibit all ! m9ute p>ticul>ities ( a nation diff]+ 9 sev]al respects f ! re/ ( mank9d4 ,yet let !m h _! %>e ( m humble praise4 ,! pa9t]s ( ?is s*ool are excell5t 9 _! own way2 !y are only ridicul\s :5 !y attempt g5]al hi/ory on _! own n>r[ pr9ciples1 & debase great ev5ts by ! meanness ( _! *>act]s4 ,"s inf]ior dext]ity1 "s extraord9>y me*anical p[]1 is app>5tly t f :i* !y seek di/9ction4 ,?us1 we see t s*ool alone has ! cu/om ( repres5t+ c&le-light1 n z x really appe>s to u by night1 b r$1 z x w\ld illum9ate objects to a spectator by day4 ,su* tricks1 h[ev] p>donable 9 ! little /yle1 :]e petty effects are ! sole end1 are inexcusable 9 ! great]1 :]e ! att5tion %\ld nev] be drawn aside by trifles1 b %\ld be entirely occupi$ by ! subject itself4 ,! same local pr9ciples :i* *>act]ise ! ,dut* s*ool ext5d ev5 to _! l&scape pa9t]s2 & ,rub5s himself1 :o has pa9t$ _m l&scapes1 has sometimes transgress$ 9 ?is p>ticul>4 ,_! pieces 9 ?is way are1 ,i ?9k1 always a repres5tation ( an individual spot1 & ea* 9 its k9d a v fai?ful b a v conf9$ portrait4 ,claude ,lorra91 on ! contr>y1 0 conv9c$ t tak+ nature z he f\nd x seldom produc$ beauty4 ,8 pictures are a composition ( ! v>i\s draughts :i* he _h previ\sly made f v>i\s beautiful sc5es & prospects4 ,h[ev]1 ,rub5s 9 "s measure has made am5ds = ! defici5cy ) :i* he is *>g$2 he has contriv$ to raise & animate 8 o!rwise un9t]e/+ views1 by introduc+ a ra9b[1 /orm1 or "s p>ticul> accid5tal effect ( light4 ,t ! practice ( ,claude ,lorra91 9 respect to 8 *oice1 is to be adopt$ by ,l&scape-pa9t]s 9 opposition to t ( ! ,flemi% & ,dut* s*ools1 !re c be no d\bt1 z its tru? is f\nd$ ^u ! same pr9ciple z t by :i* ! ,hi/orical-pa9t] acquires p]fect =m4 ,b :e!r l&scape-pa9t+ has a "r to aspire s f> z to reject :at ! pa9t]s call ,accid5ts ( ,nature1 is n easy to det]m9e4 ,x is c]ta9 ,claude ,lorra9 seldom1 if ev]1 avail$ himself ( ^? accid5ts2 ei!r he ?\ght t su* peculi>ities 7 contr>y to t /yle ( g5]al nature :i* he pr(ess$1 or t x w\ld cat* ! att5tion too /rongly1 & de/roy t quietness & repose :i* he ?\ght necess>y to t k9d ( pa9t+4 ,a ,portrait-pa9t] likewise1 :5 he attempts hi/ory1 unless he is ^u 8 gu>d1 is likely to ent] too mu* into ! detail4 ,he too frequ5tly makes 8 hi/orical heads look l portraits2 & ?is 0 once ! cu/om among/ ^? old pa9t]s1 :o reviv$ ! art be=e g5]al ideas 7 practis$ or und]/ood4 ,a ,hi/ory-pa9t] pa9ts man 9 g5]al2 a ,portrait-pa9t]1 a p>ticul> man1 & consequ5tly a defective model4 ,?us an habitual practice 9 ! l[] ex]cises ( ! art w prev5t _m f atta9+ ! great]4 ,b su* ( u :o move 9 ^! humbl] walks ( ! pr(ession are n ignorant t1 z ! natural dignity ( ! subject is less1 ! m all ! little ornam5tal helps are necess>y to its embelli%m5t4 ,x w\ld be ridicul\s = a pa9t] ( dome/ic sc5es1 ( portraits1 l&scapes1 animals1 or /ill life1 to say t he despis$ ^? qualities :i* has made ! subord9ate s*ools s fam\s4 ,! art ( col\r+1 & ! skilful managem5t ( light & %ad[1 are ess5tial requisites 9 8 conf9$ lab\rs4 ,if we desc5d /ill l[]1 :at is ! pa9t] ( fruit & fl[]s )\t ! utmo/ art 9 col\r+1 & :at ! pa9t]s call h&l+2 t is1 a lightness ( p5cil t implies great practice1 & gives ! appe>ance ( be+ done ) ease8 ,"s "h1 ,i believe1 mu/ rememb] a fl[]-pa9t] ^: boa/ x 01 t he scorn$ to pa9t = ! million3 no1 he pr(ess$ to pa9t 9 ! true ,italian ta/e2 &1 despis+ ! cr[d1 call$ /r5u\sly ^u ! few to admire him4 ,8 idea ( ! ,italian ta/e 0 to pa9t z black & dirty z he c\ld1 & to leave all cle>ness & brilliancy ( col\r+ to ^? :o 7 fond] ( money ?an immortality4 ,! consequ5ce 0 su* z might be expect$4 ,= ^! petty excell5cies are "h ess5tial beauties2 & )\t ?is m]it ! arti/'s "w w be m %ort-liv$ ?an ! objects ( 8 imitation4 ,f :at has be5 advanc$1 we mu/ n[ be conv9c$ t !re are two di/9ct /yles 9 ,hi/ory-pa9t+3 ! gr&1 & ! spl5did or ornam5tal4 ,! great /yle /&s alone1 & does n require1 p]haps does n s well admit1 any addition f inf]ior beauties4 ,! ornam5tal /yle also possesses its own peculi> m]it4 ,h[ev]1 ?\gh ! union ( ! two may make a sort ( composite /yle1 yet t /yle is likely to be m imp]fect ?an ei!r ( ^? :i* g to its composition4 ,bo? k9ds h m]it1 & may be excell5t ?\gh 9 diff]5t ranks1 if uni=mity be pres]v$1 & ! g5]al & p>ticul> ideas ( nature be n mix$4 ,ev5 ! meane/ ( !m is difficult en\gh to atta92 & ! fir/ place be+ already occupi$ by ! great arti/s 9 ea* dep>tm5t1 "s ( ^? :o foll[$ ?\ght !re 0 less room = !m2 & feel+ ! impulse ( ambition & ! desire ( novelty1 & be+ at ! same "t1 p]haps1 will+ to take ! %orte/ way1 endeav\r$ to make = !mselves a place betwe5 bo?4 ,?is !y h effect$ by =m+ an union ( ! diff]5t ord]s4 ,b z ! grave & maje/ic /yle w\ld suff] by an union ) ! florid & gay1 s also has ! ,v5etian ornam5t 9 "s respect be5 injur$ by attempt+ an alliance ) simplicity4 ,x may be ass]t$1 t ! great /yle is always m or less contam9at$ by any mean] mixture4 ,b x happ5s 9 a few in/ances t ! l[] may be improv$ by borr[+ f ! gr&4 ,?us1 if a ,portrait-pa9t] is desir\s to raise & improve 8 subject1 he has no o!r means ?an by approa*+ x to a g5]al idea4 ,he leaves out all ! m9ute breaks & peculi>ities 9 ! face1 & *anges ! dress f a tempor>y fa%ion to "o m p]man5t1 :i* has annex$ to x no ideas ( meanness f its be+ famili> to u4 ,b if an exact resemblance ( an individual be consid]$ z ! sole object to be aim$ at1 ! ,portrait-pa9t] w be apt to lose m ?an he ga9s by ! acquir$ dignity tak5 f g5]al nature4 ,x is v difficult to ennoble ! "* ( a c\nt5ance b at ! exp5se ( ! lik5ess1 :i* is :at is mo/ g5]ally requir$ by su* z sit to ! pa9t]4 ,( ^? :o h practis$ ! composite /yle1 & h succe$$ 9 ?is p]il\s attempt1 p]haps ! =emo/ is ,correggio4 ,8 /yle is f\nd$ ^u mod]n grace & elegance1 to :i* is sup]add$ some?+ ( ! simplicity ( ! gr& /yle4 ,a bread? ( light & col\r1 ! g5]al ideas ( ! drap]y1 an un9t]rupt$ fl[ ( outl9e1 all conspire to ?is effect4 ,next to him 7p]haps equal to him71 ,p>megiano has dignifi$ ! g5teelness ( mod]n effem9acy1 by unit+ x ) ! simplicity ( ! anci5ts & ! gr&eur & sev]ity ( ,mi*el ,angelo4 ,x mu/ be confess$1 h[ev]1 t ^! two extraord9>y m51 by endeav\r+ to give ! utmo/ degree ( grace1 h sometimes1 p]haps1 exce$$ its b\nd>ies1 & h fall5 into ! mo/ hateful ( all hateful qualities--affectation4 ,inde$1 x is ! peculi> *>act]i/ic ( m5 ( g5ius to be afraid ( coldness & insipidity1 f :i* !y ?9k !y nev] c be too f> remov$4 ,x p>ticul>ly happ5s to ^! great ma/]s ( grace & elegance4 ,!y (t5 boldly drive on to ! v v]ge ( ridicule2 ! spectator is al>m$1 b at ! same "t admires _! vig\r & intrepidity3-- ,/range graces /ill1 & /rang] flights !y _h1 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,yet ne'er s sure our passion to create1 ,z :5 !y t\*'d ! br9k ( all we hate4 ,! errors ( g5ius1 h[ev]1 are p>donable1 & none ev5 ( ! m exalt$ pa9t]s are :olly free f !m2 b !y h taught u1 by ! rectitude ( _! g5]al practice1 to correct _! own affect$ or accid5tal deviation4 ,! v fir/ h n be5 always ^u _! gu>d1 & p]haps !re is n a fault b :at may take %elt] "u ! mo/ v5]able au?orities2 yet t /yle only is p]fect1 9 :i* ! noble/ pr9ciples are uni=mly pursu$2 & ^? ma/]s only are entitl$ to ! fir/ rank 9 our e/imation :o h enl>g$ ! b\nd>ies ( _! art1 & h rais$ x to its highe/ dignity1 by exhibit+ ! g5]al ideas ( nature4 ,on ! :ole1 x seems to me t !re is b "o presid+ pr9ciple :i* regulates & gives /ability to e art4 ,! works1 :e!r ( poets1 pa9t]s1 morali/s1 or hi/orians1 :i* are built ^u g5]al nature1 live = ev]2 :ile ^? :i* dep5d = _! exi/5ce on p>ticul> cu/oms & habits1 a p>tial view ( nature1 or ! fluctuation ( fa%ion1 c only be coeval ) t :i* fir/ rais$ !m f obscurity4 ,pres5t "t & future may be consid]$ z rivals2 & he :o solicits ! "o mu/ expect to be disc\nt5anc$ by ! o!r4 ,,disc\rse ,v4 ,deliv]$ to ! ,/ud5ts ( ! ,royal ,academy1 on ! ,di/ribution ( ! ,prizes1 ,decemb] #aj1 #aggb4 ,,circumspection ,,requir$ ,,9 ,,endeav\r+ ,,to ,,unite ,,contr>y ,,excell5cies4--,,! ,,expression ,,( ,a ,,mix$ ,,passion ,,n ,,to ,,be ,,attempt$4--,,examples ,,( ,,^? ,,:o ,,excell$ ,,9 ,,! ,,great ,,/yle4--,,raffaelle1 ,,mi*el ,,angelo1 ,,^? ,,two ,,extraord9>y ,,m5 ,,comp>$ ,,) ,,ea* ,,o!r4--,,! ,,*>act]i/ical ,,/yle4--,,salvator ,,rosa ,,m5tion$ ,,z ,,an ,,example ,,( ,,t ,,/yle2 ,,& ,,oppos$ ,,to ,,c>lo ,,m>atti4--,,sket* ,,( ,,! ,,*>act]s ,,( ,,p\ss9 ,,& ,,rub5s4--,,^! ,,two ,,pa9t]s ,,entirely ,,dissimil>1 ,,b ,,consi/5t ,,) ,,!mselves4--,,?is ,,consi/5cy ,,requir$ ,,9 ,,all ,,p>ts ,,( ,,! ,,art4 ,i purpose to c>ry on 9 ?is disc\rse ! subject :i* ,i began 9 my la/4 ,x 0 my wi% ^u t occasion to incite y to pursue ! high] excell5cies ( ! art4 ,b ,i fe> t 9 ?is p>ticul> ,i h be5 misund]/ood4 ,"s are ready to imag9e1 :5 any ( _! fav\rite acquirem5ts 9 ! art are prop]ly class$1 t !y are utt]ly disgrac$4 ,?is is a v great mi/ake3 no?+ has its prop] lu/re b 9 its prop] place4 ,t :i* is mo/ wor?y ( e/eem 9 its allott$ sph]e1 becomes an object1 n ( respect1 b ( d]ision1 :5 x is =c$ into a high]1 to :i* x is n suit$2 & !re x becomes d\bly a s\rce ( disord]1 by occupy+ a situation :i* is n natural to x1 & by putt+ d[n f ! fir/ place :at is 9 reality ( too mu* magnitude to become ) grace & proportion t subord9ate /ation1 to :i* some?+ ( less value w\ld be mu* bett] suit$4 ,my advice1 9 a ^w1 is ?is3--,keep y\r pr9cipal att5tion fix$ ^u ! high] excell5cies4 ,if y compass !m1 & compass no?+ m1 y are /ill 9 ! fir/ class4 ,we may regret ! innum]able beauties :i* y may want2 y may be v imp]fect3 b /ill y are an imp]fect arti/ ( ! highe/ ord]4 ,if1 :5 y h got ?us f>1 y c add any1 or all1 ( ! subord9ate qualifications1 x is my wi% & advice t y %\ld n neglect !m4 ,b ?is is z mu* a matt] ( circumspection & caution at lea/1 z ( eag]ness & pursuit4 ,! m9d is apt to be di/ract$ by a multiplicity ( objects2 & t scale ( p]fection :i* ,i wi% always to be pres]v$1 is 9 ! greate/ dang] ( be+ totally disord]$1 & ev5 inv]t$4 ,"s excell5cies be> to be unit$1 & are improv$ by union2 o!rs are ( a discordant nature2 & ! attempt to jo9 !m only produces a h>% j>r+ ( incongru5t pr9ciples4 ,! attempt to unite contr>y excell5cies 7( =m1 = in/ance7 9 a s+le figure c nev] escape deg5]at+ into ! mon/r\s1 b by s9k+ into ! insipid2 by tak+ away its m>k$ "*1 & weak5+ its expression4 ,?is rem>k is true to a c]ta9 degree ) reg>d to ! passions4 ,if y mean to pres]ve ! mo/ p]fect beauty 9 its mo/ p]fect /ate1 y _c express ! passions1 all ( :i* produce di/ortion & de=mity1 m or less1 9 ! mo/ beautiful faces4 ,guido1 f want ( *oice 9 adapt+ 8 subject to 8 ideas & 8 p[]s1 or f attempt+ to pres]ve beauty :]e x c\ld n be pres]v$1 has 9 ?is respect succe$$ v ill4 ,8 figures are (t5 engag$ 9 subjects t require great expression2 yet 8 ,judi? & ,hol(]nes1 ! daught] ( ,h]odias ) ! ,bapti/'s head1 ! ,&rom$a1 & "s ev5 ( ! ,mo!rs ( ! ,innoc5ts1 h little m expression ?an 8 ,v5us attir$ by ! ,graces4 ,obvi\s z ^! rem>ks appe>1 !re are _m writ]s on our art1 :o1 n be+ ( ! pr(ession1 & consequ5tly n kn[+ :at c or _c be done1 h be5 v lib]al ( absurd praises 9 _! descriptions ( fav\rite works4 ,!y always f9d 9 !m :at !y are resolv$ to f9d4 ,!y praise excell5cies t c h>dly exi/ toge!r2 &1 above all ?+s1 are fond ( describ+1 ) great exactness1 ! expression ( a mix$ passion1 :i* m p>ticul>ly appe>s to me out ( ! rea* ( our art4 ,su* are _m disquisitions :i* ,i h read on "s ( ! ,c>toons & o!r pictures ( ,raffaelle1 :]e ! critics h describ$ _! own imag9ations2 or1 inde$1 :]e ! excell5t ma/] himself may h attempt$ ?is expression ( passions above ! p[]s ( ! art1 & has1 !re=e1 by an indi/9ct & imp]fect m>k+1 left room = e imag9ation1 ) equal probability to f9d a passion ( 8 own4 ,:at has be51 & :at c be done 9 ! art1 is suffici5tly difficult2 we ne$ n be mortifi$ or disc\rag$ at n be+ able to execute ! conceptions ( a romantic imag9ation4 ,art has its b\nd>ies1 ?\gh imag9ation has none4 ,we c easily1 l ! anci5ts1 suppose a ,jupit] to be possess$ ( all ^? p[]s & p]fections :i* ! subord9ate deities 7 end[$ ) sep>ately4 ,yet1 :5 !y employ$ _! art to repres5t him1 !y conf9$ 8 "* to maje/y alone4 ,pl9y1 !re=e1 ?\gh we are "u great obligations to him = ! in=mation he has giv5 u 9 relation to ! works ( ! anci5t arti/s1 is v frequ5tly wrong :5 he speaks ( !m1 :i* he does v (t51 9 ! /yle ( _m ( our mod]n connoisseurs4 ,he obs]ves1 t 9 a /atue ( ,p>is1 by ,euphranor1 y might discov]1 at ! same "t1 ?ree diff]5t *>act]s2 ! dignity ( a ,judge ( ! ,goddesses1 ! ,lov] ( ,hel51 & ! ,conqu]or ( ,a*illes4 ,a /atue1 9 :i* y endeav\r to unite /ately dignity1 y\?ful elegance1 & /]n val\r1 mu/ surely possess none ( ^! to any em95t degree4 ,f h5ce x appe>s1 t !re is mu* difficulty1 z well z dang]1 9 an endeav\r to conc5trate1 9 a s+le subject1 ^? v>i\s p[]s1 :i*1 ris+ f diff]5t po9ts1 naturally move 9 diff]5t directions4 ,! summit ( excell5ce seems to be an assemblage ( contr>y qualities1 b mix$ 9 su* proportions1 t no "o "p is f\nd to c\nt]act ! o!r4 ,h[ h>d ?is is to be atta9$ 9 e art1 ^? only "k :o h made ! greate/ progress 9 _! respective pr(essions4 ,to conclude :at ,i h to say on ?is "p ( ! subject1 :i* ,i ?9k ( great importance1 ,i wi% y to und]/& t ,i d n disc\rage ! y\ng] ,/ud5ts f ! noble attempt ( unit+ all ! excell5cies ( art2 b sugge/ to !m1 t1 beside ! difficulties :i* att5d e ardu\s attempt1 !re is a peculi> difficulty 9 ! *oice ( ! excell5cies :i* ought to be unit$4 ,i wi% to att5d to ?is1 t y may try y\rselves1 :5ev] y are capable ( t trial1 :at y c & :at y _c d2 & t1 in/ead ( dissipat+ y\r natural faculties ov] ! imm5se field ( possible excell5ce1 y may *oose "s p>ticul> walk 9 :i* y may ex]cise all y\r p[]s 9 ord] t ea* ( y may become ! fir/ 9 8 way4 ,if any man %all be ma/] ( su* a transc5d5t1 comm&+1 & ductile g5ius1 z to enable him to rise to ! highe/1 & to /oop to ! l[e/1 flights ( art1 & to sweep ov] all ( !m1 unob/ruct$ & secure1 he is fitt] to give example ?an to receive in/ruction4 ,hav+ said ?us mu* on ! union ( excell5cies1 ,i w next say some?+ ( ! subord9ation 9 :i* v>i\s excell5cies ought to be kept4 ,i am ( op9ion t ! ornam5tal /yle1 :i*1 9 my disc\rse ( la/ ye>1 ,i caution$ y aga9/ consid]+ z pr9cipal1 may n be :olly unwor?y ! att5tion ev5 ( ^? :o aim at ! gr& /yle1 :5 x is prop]ly plac$ & prop]ly r$uc$4 ,b ?is /udy w be us$ ) f> bett] effect1 if its pr9ciples are employ$ 9 s(t5+ ! h>%ness & mitigat+ ! rig\r ( ! great /yle1 ?an if x attempt to /& =w>d ) any pret5sions ( its own to positive & orig9al excell5ce4 ,x 0 ?us ,ludovico ,c>acci1 ^: example ,i =m]ly recomm5d$ to y1 employ$ x4 ,he 0 acqua9t$ ) ! works bo? ( ,correggio & ! ,v5etian pa9t]s1 & knew ! pr9ciples by :i* !y produc$ ^? pleas+ effects1 :i*1 at ! fir/ glance1 prepossess u s mu* 9 _! fav\r2 b he took only z mu* f ea* z w\ld embelli%1 b n ov]p[]1 t manly /r5g? & en]gy ( /yle :i* is 8 peculi> "*4 ,s9ce ,i h already expatiat$ s l>gely 9 my =m] disc\rse1 & 9 my pres5t1 ^u ! /yles & *>act]s ( ,pa9t+1 x w n be at all unsuitable to my subject1 if ,i m5tion to y "s p>ticul>s relative to ! lead+ pr9ciples1 & capital works1 ( ^? :o excell$ 9 ! great /yle1 t ,i may br+ y f ab/raction ne>] to practice1 &1 by exemplify+ ! positions :i* ,i h laid d[n1 enable y to und]/& m cle>ly :at ,i w\ld en=ce4 ,! pr9cipal works ( mod]n art are 9 ,fresco1 a mode ( pa9t+ :i* excludes att5tion to m9ute elegancies3 yet ^! works 9 ,fresco are ! productions on :i* ! fame ( ! greate/ ma/]s dep5ds4 ,su* are ! pictures ( ,mi*el ,angelo & ,raffaelle 9 ! ,vatican2 to :i* we may add ! ,c>toons2 :i*1 ?\gh n /rictly to be call$ ,fresco1 yet may be put "u t d5om9ation2 & su* are ! works ( ,giulio ,romano at ,mantua4 ,if ^! p]=mances 7 de/roy$1 ) !m w\ld be lo/ ! be/ "p ( ! reputation ( ^? illu/ri\s pa9t]s2 = ^! are ju/ly consid]$ z ! greate/ ef=t ( our art :i* ! _w c boa/4 ,to ^!1 !re=e1 we %\ld pr9cipally direct our att5tion = high] excell5cies4 ,z = ! l[] arts1 z !y h be5 once discov]$1 !y may be easily atta9$ by ^? possess$ ( ! =m]4 ,raffaelle1 :o /&s 9 g5]al =emo/ ( ! fir/ pa9t]s1 owes 8 reputation1 z ,i h obs]v$1 to 8 excell5ce 9 ! high] p>ts ( ! art2 8 works 9 ,fresco1 !re=e1 ought to be ! fir/ object ( our /udy & att5tion4 ,8 easel-works /& 9 a l[] degree ( e/imation3 = ?\gh he cont9ually1 to ! day ( 8 dea?1 embelli%$ 8 p]=mances m & m ) ! addition ( ^? l[] ornam5ts1 :i* entirely make ! m]it ( "s pa9t]s1 yet he nev] arriv$ at su* p]fection z to make him an object ( imitation4 ,he nev] 0 able to conqu] p]fectly t dryness1 or ev5 littl5ess ( mann]1 :i* he inh]it$ f 8 ma/]4 ,he nev] acquir$ t nicety ( ta/e 9 col\rs1 t bread? ( light & %ad[1 t art & managem5t ( unit+ light to light1 & %ad[ to %ad[1 s z to make ! object rise out ( ! gr\nd1 ) ! pl5itude ( effect s mu* admir$ 9 ! works ( ,correggio4 ,:5 he pa9t$ 9 oil1 8 h& seem$ to be s cramp$ & conf9$1 t he n only lo/ t facility & _s1 b ,i ?9k ev5 t correctness ( =m1 :i* is s p]fect & admirable 9 8 ,fresco-works4 ,i d n recollect any pictures ( 8 ( ?is k9d1 except ! ,transfiguration1 9 :i* !re are n "s p>ts t appe> to be ev5 feebly drawn4 ,t ?is is n a necess>y att5dant on ,oil-pa9t+1 we h abundant in/ances 9 m mod]n pa9t]s4 ,ludovico ,c>acci1 = in/ance1 pres]v$ 9 8 works 9 oil ! same _s1 vig\r1 & correctness :i* he _h 9 ,fresco4 ,i h no desire to degrade ,raffaelle f ! high rank :i* he des]v$ly holds2 b by comp>+ him ) himself1 he does n appe> to me to be ! same man 9 ,oil z 9 ,fresco4 ,f ^? :o h ambition to tread 9 ?is great walk ( ! art1 ,mi*el ,angelo claims ! next att5tion4 ,he did n possess s _m excell5cies z ,raffaelle1 b ^? :i* he _h 7 ( ! highe/ k9d4 ,he consid]$ ! art z consi/+ ( little m ?an :at may be atta9$ by sculpture2 correctness ( =m & en]gy ( "*4 ,we ought n to expect m ?an an arti/ int5ds 9 8 "w4 ,he nev] attempt$ ^? less] elegancies & graces 9 ! art4 ,vas>i says he nev] pa9t$ b "o picture 9 oil1 & resolv$ nev] to pa9t ano!r1 say+ x 0 an employm5t only fit = wom5 & *ildr54 ,if any man _h a "r to look d[n ^u ! l[] accompli%m5ts z b5ea? 8 att5tion1 x 0 c]ta9ly ,mi*el ,angelo3 nor c x be ?\ght /range t su* a m9d %\ld h slight$ or h be5 )held f pay+ due att5tion to all ^? graces & embelli%m5ts ( art :i* h diffus$ su* lu/re ov] ! works ( o!r pa9t]s4 ,x mu/ be ackn[l$g$1 h[ev]1 t toge!r ) ^!1 :i* we wi% he _h m att5d$ to1 he has reject$ all ! false1 ?\gh speci\s ornam5ts1 :i* disgrace ! works ev5 ( ! mo/ e/eem$ arti/s2 & ,i w v5ture to say1 t :5 ^? high] excell5cies are m kn[n & cultivat$ by ! arti/s & ! patrons ( arts1 8 fame & cr$it w increase ) our increas+ k4 ,8 "n w !n be held 9 ! same v5]ation z x 0 9 ! enlight5$ age ( ,leo ! ,t5?3 & x is rem>kable t ! reputation ( ?is truly great man has be5 cont9ually decl9+ z ! art itself has decl9$4 ,= ,i mu/ rem>k to y1 t x has long be5 mu* on ! decl9e1 & t our only hope ( its revival w consi/ 9 y\r be+ ?or\ghly s5sible ( its deprivation & decay4 ,x is to ,mi*el ,angelo t we owe ev5 ! exi/5ce ( ,raffaelle2 x is to him ,raffaelle owes ! gr&eur ( 8 /yle4 ,he 0 taught by him to elevate 8 ?\ghts1 & to conceive 8 subjects ) dignity4 ,8 g5ius1 h[ev]1 =m$ to blaze & %9e1 might1 l fire 9 combu/ible matt]1 =ev] h la9 dormant1 if x _h n caught a sp>k by its contact ) ,mi*el ,angelo2 & ?\gh x nev] bur/ out ) 8 extraord9>y heat & vehem5ce1 yet x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ to be a m pure1 regul>1 & *a/e flame4 ,?\gh our judgm5t mu/1 ^u ! :ole1 decide 9 fav\r ( ,raffaelle1 yet he nev] takes su* a firm hold & entire possession ( ! m9d z to make u desire no?+ else1 & to feel no?+ want+4 ,! effect ( ! capital works ( ,mi*el ,angelo p]fectly corresponds to :at ,b\*>don said he felt f read+ ,hom]2 8 :ole frame appe>$ to himself to be enl>g$1 & all nature :i* surr\nd$ him1 dim9i%$ to atoms4 ,if we put ^! great arti/s 9 a light ( comp>ison ) ea* o!r1 ,raffaelle _h m ,ta/e & ,fancy1 ,mi*el ,angelo m ,g5ius & ,imag9ation4 ,! "o excell$ 9 beauty1 ! o!r 9 en]gy4 ,mi*el ,angelo has m ( ! poetical ,inspiration2 8 ideas are va/ & sublime2 8 p are a sup]ior ord] ( be+s2 !re is no?+ ab\t !m1 no?+ 9 ! air ( _! actions1 or _! attitudes1 or ! /yle & ca/ ( _! limbs or features1 t rem9ds u ( _! belong+ to our own species4 ,raffaelle's imag9ation is n s elevat$2 8 figures are n s mu* disjo9$ f our own dim9utive race ( be+s1 ?\gh 8 ideas are *a/e1 noble1 & ( great con=mity to _! subjects4 ,mi*el ,angelo's works h a /rong1 peculi>1 & m>k$ "*2 !y seem to proce$ f 8 own m9d entirely1 & t m9d s ri* & abundant1 t he nev] ne$$1 or seem$ to disda91 to look abroad = =eign help4 ,raffaelle's mat]ials are g5]ally borr[$1 ?\gh ! noble /ructure is 8 own4 ,! excell5cy ( ?is extraord9>y man lay 9 ! propriety1 beauty1 & maje/y ( 8 *>act]s1 ! judici\s contrivance ( 8 ,composition1 8 correctness ( ,draw+1 purity ( ,ta/e1 & skilful accommodation ( o!r m5's conception's to 8 own purpose4 ,nobody excell$ him 9 t judgm5t1 ) :i* he unit$ to 8 own obs]vations on ,nature ! en]gy ( ,mi*el ,angelo & ! ,beauty & ,simplicity ( ! ,antique4 ,to ! "q1 !re=e1 :i* ought to hold ! fir/ rank1 ,raffaelle or ,mi*el ,angelo1 x mu/ be answ]$1 t if x is to be giv5 to him :o possess$ a great] comb9ation ( ! high] qualities ( ! art ?an any o!r man1 !re is no d\bt b ,raffaelle is ! fir/4 ,b if1 z ,long9us ?9ks1 ! sublime1 be+ ! highe/ excell5ce t human composition c atta9 to1 abundantly comp5sates ! abs5ce ( e o!r beauty1 & atones = all o!r defici5cies1 !n ,mi*el ,angelo dem&s ! pref]5ce4 ,^! two extraord9>y m5 c>ri$ "s ( ! high] excell5cies ( ! art to a great] degree ( p]fection ?an probably !y ev] arriv$ at be=e4 ,!y c]ta9ly h n be5 excell$1 nor equall$ s9ce4 ,_m ( _! successors 7 induc$ to leave ?is great road z a beat5 pa?1 endeav\r+ to surprise & please by some?+ uncommon or new4 ,:5 ?is desire ( novelty has proce$$ f m]e idl5ess or caprice1 x is n wor? ! tr\ble ( criticism2 b :5 x has be5 ! result ( a busy m9d ( a peculi> complexion1 x is always /rik+ & int]e/+1 nev] insipid4 ,su* is ! great /yle1 z x appe>s 9 ^? :o possess$ x at its height2 9 ?is1 se>* aft] novelty1 9 conception or 9 treat+ ! subject1 has no place4 ,b !re is ano!r /yle1 :i*1 ?\gh inf]ior to ! =m]1 has /ill great m]it1 because x %[s t ^? :o cultivat$ x 7 m5 ( lively & vigor\s imag9ation4 ,?is1 :i* may be call$ ! orig9al or *>act]i/ical /yle1 be+ less ref]r$ to any true ar*etype exi/+ ei!r 9 g5]al or p>ticul> nature1 mu/ be support$ by ! pa9t]'s consi/5cy 9 ! pr9ciples :i* he has assum$1 & 9 ! union & h>mony ( 8 :ole design4 ,! excell5cy ( e /yle1 b ( ! subord9ate /yles m especially1 w v mu* dep5d on pres]v+ t union & h>mony betwe5 all ! compon5t p>ts1 t !y may appe> to hang well toge!r1 z if ! :ole proce$$ f "o m9d4 ,x is 9 ! works ( art z 9 ! *>act]s ( m54 ,! faults or defects ( "s m5 seem to become !m :5 !y appe> to be ! natural gr[?1 & ( a piece ) ! re/ ( _! "*4 ,a fai?ful picture ( a m9d1 ?\gh x be n ( ! mo/ elevat$ k9d1 ?\gh x be irregul>1 wild1 & incorrect1 yet if x be m>k$ ) t _s & firmness :i* *>act]ise works ( g5ius1 w claim att5tion1 & be m /rik+ ?an a comb9ation ( excell5cies t d n seem to unite well toge!r2 or we may say1 ?an a "w t possesses ev5 all excell5cies1 b ^? 9 a mod]ate degree4 ,"o ( ! /ronge/-m>k$ *>act]s ( ?is k9d1 :i* mu/ be all[$ to be subord9ate to ! great /yle1 is t ( ,salvator ,rosa4 ,he gives u a peculi> ca/ ( nature1 :i*1 ?\gh void ( all grace1 elegance1 & simplicity1 ?\gh x has no?+ ( t elevation & dignity :i* belongs to ! gr& /yle1 yet has t sort ( dignity :i* belongs to savage & uncultivat$ nature3 b :at is mo/ to be admir$ 9 him is ! p]fect correspond5ce :i* he obs]v$ betwe5 ! subjects :i* he *ose & 8 mann] ( treat+ !m4 ,ev]y?+ is ( a piece3 8 ,rocks1 ,trees1 ,sky1 ev5 to 8 h&l+1 h ! same rude & wild "* :i* animates 8 figures4 ,) him we may contra/ ! "* ( ,c>lo ,m>atti1 :o1 9 my op9ion1 _h no great vig\r ( m9d or /r5g? ( orig9al g5ius4 ,he r>ely seizes ! imag9ation by exhibit+ ! high] excell5cies1 nor does he captivate u by t orig9ality :i* att5ds ! pa9t] :o ?9ks = himself4 ,he knew & practis$ all ! rules ( art1 & f a composition ( ,raffaelle1 ,c>acci1 & ,guido1 made up a /yle1 ( :i* ! only fault 01 t x _h no manife/ defects & no /rik+ beauties2 & t ! pr9ciples ( 8 composition are nev] bl5d$ toge!r s z to =m "o uni=m body1 orig9al 9 its k9d1 or excell5t 9 any view4 ,i w m5tion two o!r pa9t]s1 :o1 ?\gh entirely dissimil>1 yet1 by be+ ea* consi/5t ) himself1 & possess+ a mann] entirely 8 own1 h bo? ga9$ reputation1 ?\gh = v opposite accompli%m5ts4 ,! pa9t]s ,i mean are ,rub5s & ,p\ss94 ,rub5s ,i m5tion 9 ?is place1 z ,i ?9k him a rem>kable in/ance ( ! same m9d be+ se5 9 all ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! art4 ,! :ole is s mu* ( a piece1 t "o c sc>ce be br\ght to believe b t if any "o ( ! qualities he possess$ _h be5 m correct & p]fect1 8 works w\ld n h be5 s complete z !y n[ appe>4 ,if we %\ld all[ him a great] purity & correctness ( ,draw+1 8 want ( ,simplicity 9 ,composition1 ,col\r+1 & ,drap]y1 w\ld appe> m gross4 ,9 8 ,composition 8 art is too app>5t4 ,8 figures h expression1 & act ) en]gy1 b )\t simplicity or dignity4 ,8 col\r+1 9 :i* he is em95tly skill$1 is1 not)/&+1 too mu* ( :at we call t9t$4 ,?r\gh\t ! :ole ( 8 works !re is a proportionable want ( t nicety ( di/9ction & elegance ( m9d1 :i* is requir$ 9 ! high] walks ( pa9t+2 & to ?is want x may be 9 "s degree ascrib$1 t ^? qualities :i* make ! excell5cy ( ?is subord9ate /yle appe> 9 him ) _! greate/ lu/re4 ,inde$1 ! facility ) :i* he inv5t$1 ! ri*ness ( 8 composition1 ! luxuriant h>mony & brilliancy ( 8 col\r+1 s dazzle ! eye1 t :il/ 8 works cont9ue be=e u1 we _c help ?9k+ t all 8 defici5cies are fully suppli$4 ,oppos$ to ?is florid1 c>eless1 loose1 & inaccurate /yle1 t ( ! simple1 c>eful1 pure1 & correct /yle ( ,p\ss9 seems to be a complete contra/4 ,yet h[ev] opposite _! *>act]s1 9 "o ?+ !y agre$2 bo? ( !m always pres]v+ a p]fect correspond5ce betwe5 all ! p>ts ( _! respective mann]s2 insomu* t x may be d\bt$ :e!r any alt]ation ( :at is consid]$ z defective 9 ei!r w\ld n de/roy ! effect ( ! :ole4 ,p\ss9 liv$ & conv]s$ ) ! anci5t /atues s long t he may be said to h be5 bett] acqua9t$ ) !m ?an ) ! p :o 7 ab\t him4 ,i h (t5 ?\ght t he c>ri$ 8 v5]ation = !m s f> z to wi% to give 8 works ! air ( ,anci5t ,pa9t+s4 ,x is c]ta9 he copi$ "s ( ! ,antique ,pa9t+s1 p>ticul>ly ! ,m>riage 9 ! ,aldobr&9i ,palace at ,rome1 :i* ,i believe to be ! be/ relic ( ^? remote ages t has yet be5 f\nd4 ,no works ( any mod]n h s mu* ( ! air ( ,antique ,pa9t+ z ^? ( ,p\ss94 ,8 be/ p]=mances h a rem>kable dryness ( mann]1 :i* ?\gh by no means to be recomm5d$ = imitation1 yet seems p]fectly correspond5t to t anci5t simplicity :i* di/+ui%es 8 /yle4 ,l ,polidoro1 he /udi$ ! anci5ts s mu* t he acquir$ a habit ( ?9k+ 9 _! way1 & seem$ to "k p]fectly ! actions & ge/ures !y w\ld use on e occasion4 ,p\ss9 9 ! latt] "p ( 8 life *ang$ f 8 dry mann] to "o mu* s(t] & ri*]1 :]e !re is a great] union betwe5 ! figures & gr\nd2 z 9 ! ,sev5 ,sacram5ts 9 ! ,duke ( ,orlean's collection2 b nei!r ^!1 or any ( 8 o!r pictures 9 ?is mann]1 are at all comp>able to _m 9 ?is dry mann] :i* we h 9 ,engl&4 ,! fav\rite subjects ( ,p\ss9 7 ,anci5t ,fables2 & no pa9t] 0 ev] bett] qualifi$ to pa9t su* subjects1 n only f 8 be+ em95tly skill$ 9 ! k ( ! c]emonies1 cu/oms1 & habits ( ! ,anci5ts1 b f 8 be+ s well acqua9t$ ) ! diff]5t *>act]s :i* ^? :o inv5t$ !m gave to _! allegorical figures4 ,?\gh ,rub5s has %[n great fancy 9 8 ,satyrs1 ,sil5uses1 & ,fauns1 yet !y are n t di/9ct sep>ate class ( be+s1 :i* is c>efully exhibit$ by ! ,anci5ts1 & by ,p\ss94 ,c]ta9ly1 :5 su* subjects ( antiquity are repres5t$1 no?+ 9 ! picture ought to rem9d u ( mod]n times4 ,! m9d is ?r[n back into antiquity1 & no?+ ought to be introduc$ t may t5d to awak5 x f ! illusion4 ,p\ss9 seem$ to ?9k t ! /yle & ! language 9 :i* su* /ories are told1 is n ! worse = pres]v+ "s reli% ( ! old way ( pa9t+1 :i* seem$ to give a g5]al uni=mity to ! :ole1 s t ! m9d 0 ?r[n back into antiquity n only by ! subject1 b ! execution4 ,if ,p\ss91 9 imitation ( ! ,anci5ts1 repres5ts ,apollo driv+ 8 *>iot out ( ! sea by way ( repres5t+ ! ,sun ris+1 if he p]sonifies ,lakes & ,riv]s1 x is n[ise (f5sive 9 him2 b seems p]fectly ( a piece ) ! g5]al air ( ! picture4 ,on ! contr>y1 if ! figures :i* p 8 pictures _h a mod]n air or c\nt5ance1 if !y appe>$ l our c\ntrym51 if ! drap]ies 7 l clo? or silk ( our manufacture1 if ! l&scape _h ! appe>ance ( a mod]n view1 h[ ridicul\s w\ld ,apollo appe> in/ead ( ! ,sun2 & an old ,man1 or a nymph ) an urn1 to repres5t a ,riv] or a ,lake8 ,i _c avoid m5tion+ "h a circum/ance 9 portrait-pa9t+ :i* may help to confirm :at has be5 said4 ,:5 a portrait is pa9t$ 9 ! ,hi/orical ,/yle1 z x is nei!r an exact m9ute repres5tation ( an individual1 nor completely ideal1 e circum/ance ought to correspond to ?is mixture4 ,! simplicity ( ! antique air & attitude1 h[ev] mu* to be admir$1 is ridicul\s :5 jo9$ to a figure 9 a mod]n dress4 ,x is n to my purpose to ent] into ! "q at pres5t1 :e!r ?is mix$ /yle ought to be adopt$ or n2 yet if x is *os51 x is necess>y x %\ld be complete1 & all ( a piece2 ! diff]5ce ( /uffs1 = in/ance1 :i* make ! clo?+1 %\ld be di/+ui%$ 9 ! same degree z ! head deviates f a g5]al idea4 ,)\t ?is union1 :i* ,i h s (t5 recomm5d$1 a "w c h no m>k$ & det]m9$ "*1 :i* is ! peculi> & con/ant evid5ce ( g5ius4 ,b :5 ?is is accompli%$ to a high degree1 x becomes 9 "s sort a rival to t /yle :i* we h fix$ z ! highe/4 ,?us ,i h giv5 a sket* ( ! *>act]s ( ,rub5s & ,salvator ,rosa1 z !y appe> to me to h ! greate/ uni=mity ( m9d ?r\gh\t _! :ole "w4 ,b we may add to ^!1 all ^? ,arti/s :o are at ! head ( a class1 & h _h a s*ool ( imitators f ,mi*el ,angelo d[n to ,watteau4 ,^u ! :ole x appe>s t1 sett+ aside ! ,ornam5tal ,/yle1 !re are two diff]5t modes1 ei!r ( :i* a ,/ud5t may adopt )\t degrad+ ! dignity ( 8 art4 ,! object ( ! fir/ is to comb9e ! high] excell5cies & embelli% !m to ! greate/ advantage2 ( ! o!r1 to c>ry "o ( ^! excell5cies to ! highe/ degree4 ,b ^? :o possess nei!r mu/ be class$ ) !m1 :o1 z ,%akespe>e says1 are m5 ( no m>k or likelihood4 ,i inculcate z frequ5tly z ,i c y\r =m+ y\rselves ^u great pr9ciples & great models4 ,y\r "t w be mu* missp5t 9 e o!r pursuit4 ,small excell5cies %\ld be view$1 n /udi$2 !y ought to be view$1 because no?+ ought to escape a ,pa9t]'s obs]vation3 b = no o!r reason4 ,!re is ano!r caution :i* ,i wi% to give y4 ,be z select 9 ^? :om y endeav\r to please1 z 9 ^? :om y endeav\r to imitate4 ,)\t ! love ( fame y c nev] d any?+ excell5t2 b by an excessive & undi/+ui%+ ?ir/ aft] x1 y w come to h vulg> views2 y w degrade y\r /yle2 & y\r ta/e w be entirely corrupt$4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! l[e/ /yle w be ! mo/ popul>1 z x falls )9 ! compass ( ignorance itself2 & ! ,vulg> w always be pleas$ ) :at is natural1 9 ! conf9$ & misund]/ood s5se ( ! ^w4 ,"o w\ld wi% t su* depravation ( ta/e %\ld be c\nt]act$ ) t manly pride :i* actuat$ ,euripides :5 he said to ! ,a!nians :o criticis$ 8 works1 ,i d n compose my works 9 ord] to be correct$ by y1 b to in/ruct y4 ,x is true1 to h a "r to speak ?us1 a man mu/ be an ,euripides4 ,h[ev]1 ?us mu* may be all[$1 t :5 an ,arti/ is sure t he is ^u firm gr\nd1 support$ by ! au?ority & practice ( 8 pr$ecessors ( ! greate/ reputation1 he may !n assume ! boldness & intrepidity ( g5ius2 at any rate he mu/ n be tempt$ out ( ! "r pa? by any allurem5t ( popul>ity1 :i* always accompanies ! l[] /yles ( pa9t+4 ,i m5tion ?is1 because our ,exhibitions1 :ile !y produce su* admirable effects by n\ri%+ emulation1 & call+ out g5ius1 h also a mis*iev\s t5d5cy1 by s$uc+ ! ,pa9t] to an ambition ( pleas+ indiscrim9ately ! mix$ multitude ( p :o resort to !m4 ,,disc\rse ,,vi4 ,deliv]$ to ! ,/ud5ts ( ! ,royal ,academy1 on ! ,di/ribution ( ! ,prizes1 ,decemb] #aj1 #aggd4 ,,imitation4--,,g5ius ,,beg9s ,,:]e ,,rules ,,end4--,,inv5tion3 ,,acquir$ ,,by ,,be+ ,,conv]sant ,,) ,,! ,,inv5tions ,,( ,,o!rs4--,,! ,,true ,,me?od ,,( ,,imitat+4--,,borr[+1 ,,h[ ,,f> ,,all[able4--,,some?+ ,,to ,,be ,,ga!r$ ,,f ,,e ,,s*ool4 ,:5 ,i h tak5 ! lib]ty ( address+ y on ! c\rse & ord] ( y\r /udies1 ,i nev] propos$ to ent] into a m9ute detail ( ! art4 ,?is ,i h always left to ! sev]al ,pr(essors1 :o pursue ! end ( our in/itution ) ! highe/ hon\r to !mselves1 & ) ! greate/ advantage to ! ,/ud5ts4 ,my purpose 9 ! disc\rses ,i h held 9 ! ,academy has be5 to lay d[n c]ta9 g5]al positions1 :i* seem to me prop] = ! =mation ( a s\nd ta/e3 pr9ciples necess>y to gu>d ! pupils aga9/ ^? errors into :i* ! sangu9e temp] common to _! "t ( life has a t5d5cy to lead !m3 & :i* h r5d]$ abortive ! hopes ( s _m successions ( promis+ "y m5 9 all p>ts ( ,europe4 ,i wi%$ also1 to int]cept & suppress ^? prejudices :i* p>ticul>ly prevail :5 ! me*anism ( pa9t+ is come to its p]fection2 & :i*1 :5 !y d prevail1 are c]ta9 utt]ly to de/roy ! high] & m valuable p>ts ( ?is lit]ate & lib]al pr(ession4 ,^! two h be5 my pr9cipal purposes2 !y are /ill z mu* my conc]n z ev]2 & if ,i repeat my own notions on ! subject1 y :o "k h[ fa/ mi/ake & prejudice1 :5 neglect$1 ga9 gr\nd ^u tru? & reason1 w easily excuse me4 ,i only attempt to set ! same ?+ 9 ! greate/ v>iety ( lights4 ,! subject ( ?is disc\rse w be ,,imitation1 z f> z a pa9t] is conc]n$ 9 x4 ,by imitation1 ,i d n mean imitation 9 its l>ge/ s5se1 b simply ! foll[+ ( o!r ma/]s1 & ! advantage to be drawn f ! /udy ( _! works4 ,^? :o h und]tak5 to write on our art1 & h repres5t$ x z a k9d ( inspiration1 z a gift be/[$ ^u peculi> fav\rites at _! bir?1 seem to insure a mu* m fav\rable disposition f _! read]s1 & h a mu* m captivat+ & lib]al air1 ?an he :o attempts to exam9e1 coldly1 :e!r !re are any means by :i* ?is art may be acquir$2 h[ ! m9d may be /r5g!n$ & exp&$1 & :at guides w %[ ! way to em95ce4 ,x is v natural = ^? :o are unacqua9t$ ) ! cause ( any?+ extraord9>y to be a/oni%$ at ! effect1 & to consid] x z a k9d ( magic4 ,!y1 :o h nev] obs]v$ ! gradation by :i* art is acquir$2 :o see only :at is ! full result ( long lab\r & application ( an inf9ite numb] & inf9ite v>iety ( acts1 are apt to conclude1 f _! entire inability to d ! same at once1 t x is n only inaccessible to !mselves1 b c be done by ^? only :o h "s gift ( ! nature ( inspiration be/[$ ^u !m4 ,! travell]s into ! ,ea/ tell u1 t :5 ! ignorant inhabitants ( ^? c\ntries are ask$ conc]n+ ! ru9s ( /ately edifices yet rema9+ among/ !m1 ! melan*oly monum5ts ( _! =m] gr&eur & long-lo/ sci5ce1 !y always answ] t !y 7 built by magicians4 ,! untaught m9d f9ds a va/ gulf betwe5 its own p[]s & ^? works ( complicat$ art1 :i* x is utt]ly unable to fa?om2 & x supposes t su* a void c be pass$ only by sup]natural p[]s4 ,&1 z = arti/s !mselves1 x is by no means _! int]e/ to undeceive su* judges1 h[ev] consci\s !y may be ( ! v natural means by :i* _! extraord9>y p[]s 7 acquir$2 ?\gh our art1 be+ intr9sically imitative1 rejects ?is idea ( inspiration1 m p]haps ?an any o!r4 ,x is to avoid ?is pla9 confession ( ! tru?1 z x %\ld seem1 t ?is imitation ( ma/]s1 inde$ almo/ all imitation1 :i* implies a m regul> & progressive me?od ( atta9+ ! ends ( pa9t+1 has ev] be5 p>ticul>ly inveigh$ aga9/ ) great ke5ness1 bo? by anci5t & mod]n writ]s4 ,to d]ive all f native p[]1 to owe no?+ to ano!r1 is ! praise :i* m5 :o d n mu* ?9k on :at !y are say+1 be/[ sometimes ^u o!rs1 & sometimes on !mselves2 & _! imag9>y dignity is naturally height5$ by a sup]cili\s c5sure ( ! l[1 ! b>r51 ! grovel+1 ! s]vile imitator4 ,x w\ld be no wond] if a /ud5t1 fright5$ by ^! t]rific & disgraceful epi!ts1 ) :i* ! poor imitators are s (t5 load$1 %\ld let fall 8 p5cil 9 m]e despair 7consci\s z he mu/ be1 h[ mu* he has be5 indebt$ to ! lab\rs ( o!rs71 h[ little1 h[ v little ( 8 art 0 born ) him2 & consid] x z hopeless1 to set ab\t acquir+ by ! imitation ( any human ma/]1 :at he is taught to suppose is matt] ( inspiration f heav54 ,"s all[ance mu/ be made = :at is said 9 ! gaiety ( rhetoric4 ,we _c suppose t any "o c really mean to exclude all imitation ( o!rs4 ,a position s wild w\ld sc>ce des]ve a s]i\s answ]2 = x is app>5t1 if we 7 =bid to make use ( ! advantages :i* our pr$ecessors af=d u1 ! art w\ld be always to beg91 & consequ5tly rema9 always 9 its infant /ate2 & x is a common obs]vation1 t no art 0 ev] inv5t$ & c>ri$ to p]fection at ! same "t4 ,b to br+ u entirely to reason & sobriety1 let x be obs]v$1 t a pa9t] mu/ n only be ( necessity an imitator ( ! works ( nature1 :i* alone is suffici5t to dispel ?is phantom ( inspiration1 b he mu/ be z necess>ily an imitator ( ! works ( o!r pa9t]s2 ?is appe>s m humiliat+1 b is equally true2 & no man c be an arti/1 :atev] he may suppose1 ^u any o!r t]ms4 ,h[ev]1 ^? :o appe> m mod]ate & reasonable1 all[1 t our /udy is to beg9 by imitation2 b ma9ta9 t we %\ld no long] use ! ?\ghts ( our pr$ecessors1 :5 we are become able to ?9k = ourselves4 ,!y hold t imitation is z hurtful to ! m advanc$ /ud5t1 z x 0 advantage\s to ! beg9n]4 ,= my own "p1 ,i confess1 ,i am n only v mu* dispos$ to ma9ta9 ! absolute necessity ( imitation 9 ! fir/ /ages ( ! art2 b am ( op9ion t ! /udy ( o!r ma/]s1 :i* ,i "h call imitation1 may be ext5d$ ?r\gh\t our :ole lives1 )\t any dang] ( ! inconv5i5ces ) :i* x is *>g$1 ( enfeebl+ ! m9d1 or prev5t+ u f giv+ t orig9al air :i* e "w und\bt$ly ought always to h4 ,i am on ! contr>y p]suad$ t by imitation only1 v>iety1 & ev5 orig9ality ( inv5tion1 is produc$4 ,i w g fur!r2 ev5 g5ius1 at lea/ :at g5]ally is s call$1 is ! *ild ( imitation4 ,b z ?is appe>s to be contr>y to ! g5]al op9ion1 ,i mu/ expla9 my position be=e ,i en=ce x4 ,g5ius is suppos$ to be a p[] ( produc+ excell5cies :i* are out ( ! rea* ( ! rules ( art2 a p[] :i* no precepts c tea*1 & :i* no indu/ry c acquire4 ,?is op9ion ( ! impossibility ( acquir+ ^? beauties1 :i* /amp ! "w ) ! "* ( g5ius1 supposes t x is some?+ m fix$ ?an 9 reality x is2 & t we always d1 & ev] did agree 9 op9ion1 ) respect to :at %\ld be consid]$ z ! *>act]i/ic ( g5ius4 ,b ! tru? is1 t ! degree ( excell5ce :i* proclaims ,g5ius is diff]5t1 9 diff]5t times & diff]5t places2 & :at %[s x to be s is1 t mank9d h (t5 *ang$ _! op9ion ^u ?is matt]4 ,:5 ! ,arts 7 9 _! infancy ! p[] ( m]ely draw+ ! lik5ess ( any object 0 consid]$ z "o ( its greate/ ef=ts4 ,! common p1 ignorant ( ! pr9ciples ( art1 talk ! same language ev5 to ?is day4 ,b :5 x 0 f\nd t e man c\ld be taught to d ?is1 & a great deal m1 m]ely by ! obs]vance ( c]ta9 precepts2 ! "n ( ,g5ius !n %ift$ its application1 & 0 giv5 only to him :o add$ ! peculi> "* ( ! object he repres5t$2 to him :o _h inv5tion1 expression1 grace1 or dignity2 9 %ort1 ^? qualities1 or excell5cies1 ! p[] ( produc+ :i* c\ld n !n be taught by any kn[n & promulgat$ rules4 ,we are v sure t ! beauty ( =m1 ! expression ( ! passions1 ! art ( composition1 ev5 ! p[] ( giv+ a g5]al air ( gr&eur to a "w1 is at pres5t v mu* "u ! dom9ion ( rules4 ,^! excell5cies 71 h]et(ore1 consid]$ m]ely z ! effect ( g5ius2 & ju/ly1 if g5ius is n tak5 = inspiration1 b z ! effect ( close obs]vation & exp]i5ce4 ,he :o fir/ made any ( ^! obs]vations1 & dige/$ !m1 s z to =m an inv>iable pr9ciple = himself to "w by1 _h t m]it1 b probably no "o w5t v f> at once2 & g5]ally1 ! fir/ :o gave ! h9t1 did n "k h[ to pursue x /eadily & me?odically2 at lea/ n 9 ! beg9n+4 ,he himself work$ on x1 & improv$ x2 o!rs work$ m1 & improv$ fur!r2 until ! secret 0 discov]$1 & ! practice made z g5]al z ref9$ practice c be made4 ,h[ _m m pr9ciples may be fix$ & asc]ta9$ we _c tell2 b z criticism is likely to g h& 9 h& ) ! art :i* is its subject1 we may v5ture to say1 t z t art %all advance1 its p[]s w be /ill m & m fix$ by rules4 ,b by :atev] /rides criticism may ga9 gr\nd1 we ne$ be "u no appreh5sion t inv5tion w ev] be annihilat$ or subdu$2 or intellectual en]gy be br\ght entirely )9 ! re/ra9t ( writt5 law4 ,g5ius w /ill h room en\gh to expatiate1 & keep always at ! same di/ance f n>r[ compreh5sion & me*anical p]=mance4 ,:at we n[ call ,g5ius beg9s1 n :]e rules ab/ract$ly tak5 end1 b :]e kn[n vulg> & trite rules h no long] any place4 ,x mu/ ( necessity be1 t ev5 works ( ,g5ius1 l e o!r effect1 z !y mu/ h _! cause1 mu/ likewise h _! rules2 x _c be by *ance t excell5cies are produc$ ) any con/ancy or any c]ta9ty1 = ?is is n ! nature ( *ance2 b ! rules by :i* m5 ( extraord9>y p>ts1 & su* z are call$ m5 ( ,g5ius1 "w1 are ei!r su* z !y discov] by _! own peculi> obs]vations1 or ( su* a nice texture z n easily to admit be+ express$ 9 words2 especially z arti/s are n v frequ5tly skilful 9 t mode ( communicat+ ideas4 ,unsub/antial1 h[ev]1 z ^! rules may seem1 & difficult z x may be to convey !m 9 writ+1 !y are /ill se5 & felt 9 ! m9d ( ! arti/2 & he works f !m ) z mu* c]ta9ty1 z if !y 7 embodi$1 z ,i may say1 ^u pap]4 ,x is true1 ^! ref9$ pr9ciples _c be always made palpable1 l ! m gross rules ( art2 yet x does n foll[1 b t ! m9d may be put 9 su* a tra91 t x %all p]ceive1 by a k9d ( sci5tific s5se1 t propriety1 :i* words1 p>ticul>ly words ( unpractis$ writ]s1 su* z we are1 c b v feebly sugge/4 ,inv5tion is "o ( ! great m>ks ( g5ius2 b if we consult exp]i5ce1 we %all f9d t x is by be+ conv]sant ) ! inv5tions ( o!rs1 t we le>n to inv5t2 z by read+ ! ?\ghts ( o!rs we le>n to ?9k4 ,:oev] has s f> =m$ 8 ta/e1 z to be able to reli% & feel ! beauties ( ! great ma/]s1 has gone a great way 9 8 /udy2 =1 m]ely f a consci\sness ( ?is reli% ( ! "r1 ! m9d swells ) an inw>d pride1 & is almo/ z p[]fully affect$ z if x _h itself produc$ :at x admires4 ,our he>ts1 frequ5tly w>m$ 9 ?is mann] by ! contact ( ^? :om we wi% to resemble1 w und\bt$ly cat* some?+ ( _! way ( ?9k+2 & we %all receive 9 our own bosoms "s radiation at lea/ ( _! fire & spl5d\r4 ,t disposition1 :i* is s /rong 9 *ildr51 /ill cont9ues ) u1 ( cat*+ involunt>ily ! g5]al air & mann] ( ^? ) :om we are mo/ conv]sant2 ) ?is diff]5ce only1 t a "y m9d is naturally pliable & imitative2 b 9 a m advanc$ /ate x gr[s rigid1 & mu/ be w>m$ & s(t5$ be=e x w receive a deep impression4 ,f ^! consid]ations1 :i* a little ( y\r own reflection w c>ry a great way fur!r1 x appe>s1 ( :at great consequ5ce x is1 t our m9ds %\ld be habituat$ to ! contemplation ( excell5ce2 & t1 f> f be+ cont5t$ to make su* habits ! discipl9e ( our y\? only1 we %\ld1 to ! la/ mom5t ( our lives1 cont9ue a settl$ int]c\rse ) all ! true examples ( gr&eur4 ,_! inv5tions are n only ! food ( our infancy1 b ! sub/ance :i* supplies ! fulle/ maturity ( our vig\r4 ,! m9d is b a b>r5 soil--a soil :i* is soon exhau/$1 & w produce no crop1 or only "o1 unless x be cont9ually f]tilis$ & enri*$ ) =eign matt]4 ,:5 we h _h cont9ually be=e u ! great works ( ,art to impregnate our m9ds ) k9dr$ ideas1 we are !n1 & n till !n1 fit to produce some?+ ( ! same species4 ,we behold all ab\t u ) ! eyes ( ^? p5etrat+ obs]v]s ^: works we contemplate2 & our m9ds1 accu/om$ to ?9k ! ?\ghts ( ! noble/ & brighte/ intellects1 are prep>$ = ! discov]y & selection ( all t is great & noble 9 nature4 ,! greate/ natural g5ius _c subsi/ on its own /ock3 he :o resolves nev] to ransack any m9d b 8 own1 w be soon r$uc$1 f m]e b>r5ness1 to ! poore/ ( all imitations2 he w be oblig$ to imitate himself1 & to repeat :at he has be=e (t5 repeat$4 ,:5 we "k ! subject design$ by su* m51 x w nev] be difficult to guess :at k9d ( "w is to be produc$4 ,x is va9 = pa9t]s or poets to endeav\r to inv5t )\t mat]ials on :i* ! m9d may "w1 & f :i* inv5tion mu/ orig9ate4 ,no?+ c come ( no?+4 ,hom] is suppos$ to be possess$ ( all ! le>n+ ( 8 "t2 & we are c]ta9 t ,mi*el ,angelo & ,raffaelle 7 equally possess$ ( all ! k 9 ! art :i* _h be5 discov]$ 9 ! works ( _! pr$ecessors4 ,a m9d enri*$ by an assemblage ( all ! treasures ( anci5t & mod]n art w be m elevat$ & fruitful 9 res\rces1 9 proportion to ! numb] ( ideas :i* h be5 c>efully collect$ & ?or\ghly dige/$4 ,!re c be no d\bt b t he :o has ! mo/ mat]ials has ! greate/ means ( inv5tion2 & if he has n ! p[] ( us+ !m1 x mu/ proce$ f a feebl5ess ( intellect2 or f ! confus$ mann] 9 :i* ^? collections h be5 laid up 9 8 m9d4 ,! addition ( o!r m5's judgm5t is s f> f weak5+ our own1 z is ! op9ion ( _m1 t x w fa%ion & consolidate ^? ideas ( excell5ce :i* lay 9 embryo--feeble1 ill-%ap$1 & confus$--b :i* are f9i%$ & put 9 ord] by ! au?ority & practice ( ^? ^: works may be said to h be5 consecrat$ by hav+ /ood ! te/ ( ages4 ,! m9d1 or g5ius1 has be5 comp>$ to a sp>k ( fire1 :i* is smo!r$ by a heap ( fuel1 & prev5t$ f blaz+ into a flame4 ,?is simile1 :i* is made use ( by ! y\ng] ,pl9y1 may be easily mi/ak5 = argum5t or pro(4 ,b !re is no dang] ( ! m9d be+ ov]bur!n$ ) k1 or ! g5ius ext+ui%$ by any addition ( images2 on ! contr>y1 ^! acquisitions may z well1 p]haps bett]1 be comp>$1 if comp>isons signifi$ any?+ 9 reason+1 to ! supply ( liv+ emb]s1 :i* w contribute to /r5g!n ! sp>k1 t )\t ! association ( m fuel w\ld h di$ away4 ,! tru? is1 he ^: feebl5ess is su*1 z to make o!r m5's ?\ghts an incumbrance to him1 c h no v great /r5g? ( m9d or g5ius ( 8 own to be de/roy$2 s t n mu* h>m w be done at wor/4 ,we may oppose to ,pl9y ! great] au?ority ( ,cic]o1 :o is cont9ually en=c+ ! necessity ( ?is me?od ( /udy4 ,9 8 dialogue on ,oratory1 he makes ,crassus say1 t "o ( ! fir/ & mo/ important precepts is1 to *oose a prop] model = our imitation4 ,hoc sit primum 9 proeceptis meis1 ut demon/remus quem imitemur4 ,:5 ,i speak ( ! habitual imitation & cont9u$ /udy ( ma/]s1 x is n to be und]/ood t ,i advise any endeav\r to copy ! exact peculi> col\r & complexion ( ano!r man's m9d2 ! success ( su* an attempt mu/ always be l 81 :o imitates exactly ! air1 mann]1 & ge/ures ( him :om he admires4 ,8 model may be excell5t1 b ! copy w be ridicul\s2 ?is ridicule does n arise f 8 hav+ imitat$1 b f 8 n hav+ *os5 ! "r mode ( imitation4 ,x is a necess>y & w>rantable pride to disda9 to walk s]vilely beh9d any individual1 h[ev] elevat$ 8 rank4 ,! true & lib]al gr\nd ( imitation is an op5 field2 :]e1 ?\gh he :o prec$es has _h ! advantage ( />t+ be=e y1 y may always propose to ov]take him2 x is en\gh1 h[ev]1 to pursue 8 c\rse2 y ne$ n tread 9 8 foot/eps1 & y c]ta9ly h a "r to out/rip him if y c4 ,nor :il/ ,i recomm5d /udy+ ! art f arti/s1 c ,i be suppos$ to mean t nature is to be neglect$2 ,i take ?is /udy 9 aid1 & n 9 exclusion ( ! o!r4 ,nature is & mu/ be ! f\nta9 :i* alone is inexhau/ible1 & f :i* all excell5cies mu/ orig9ally fl[4 ,! great use ( /udy+ our pr$ecessors is1 to op5 ! m9d1 to %ort5 our lab\r1 & to give u ! result ( ! selection made by ^? great m9ds ( :at is gr& or beautiful 9 nature2 h] ri* /ores are all spread out be=e u2 b x is an art1 & no easy art1 to "k h[ or :at to *oose1 & h[ to atta9 & secure ! object ( our *oice4 ,?us1 ! highe/ beauty ( =m mu/ be tak5 f nature2 b x is an art ( long d$uction & great exp]i5ce to "k h[ to f9d x4 ,we mu/ n cont5t ourselves ) m]ely admir+ & reli%+2 we mu/ ent] into ! pr9ciples on :i* ! "w is wr\ght3 ^! d n swim on ! sup]ficies1 & consequ5tly are n op5 to sup]ficial obs]v]s4 ,art 9 its p]fection is n o/5tati\s2 x lies hid & works its effect1 itself unse54 ,x is ! prop] /udy & lab\r ( an arti/ to uncov] & f9d out ! lat5t cause ( conspicu\s beauties1 & f !nce =m pr9ciples ( 8 own conduct3 su* an exam9ation is a cont9ual ex]tion ( ! m9d2 z great1 p]haps1 z t ( ! arti/ ^: works he is ?us /udy+4 ,! sagaci\s imitator does n cont5t himself ) m]ely rem>k+ :at di/+ui%es ! diff]5t mann] or g5ius ( ea* ma/]2 he ent]s into ! contrivance 9 ! composition1 h[ ! masses ( lights are dispos$1 ! means by :i* ! effect is produc$1 h[ artfully "s p>ts are lo/ 9 ! gr\nd1 o!rs boldly reliev$1 & h[ all ^! are mutually alt]$ & int]*ang$ accord+ to ! reason & s*eme ( ! "w4 ,he admires n ! h>mony ( col\r+ alone1 b exam9es by :at artifice "o col\r is a foil to its neighb\r4 ,he looks close into ! t9ts1 exam9es ( :at col\rs !y are compos$1 till he has =m$ cle> & di/9ct ideas1 & has le>nt to see 9 :at h>mony & good col\r+ consi/s4 ,:at is le>nt 9 ?is mann] f ! works ( o!rs becomes really our own1 s9ks deep1 & is nev] =gott52 nay1 x is by seiz+ on ?is clue t we proce$ =w>d1 & get fur!r & fur!r 9 enl>g+ ! pr9ciples & improv+ ! practice ( our art4 ,!re c be no d\bt b ! art is bett] le>nt f ! works !mselves1 ?an f ! precepts :i* are =m$ ^u ^? works2 b if x is difficult to *oose prop] models = imitation1 x requires no less circumspection to sep>ate & di/+ui% :at 9 ^? models we ought to imitate4 ,i _c avoid m5tion+ "h1 ?\gh x is n my int5tion at pres5t to ent] into ! art & me?od ( /udy1 an error :i* /ud5ts are too apt to fall into4 ,he t is =m+ himself mu/ look ) great caution & w>9ess on ^? peculi>ities1 or prom95t p>ts1 :i* at fir/ =ce !mselves ^u view2 & are ! m>ks1 or :at is commonly call$ ! mann]1 by :i* t individual arti/ is di/+ui%$4 ,peculi> m>ks ,i hold to be1 g5]ally1 if n always1 defects2 h[ev] difficult x may be :olly to escape !m4 ,peculi>ities 9 ! works ( art are l ^? 9 ! human figure2 x is by !m t we are cognisable1 & di/+ui%$ "o f ano!r1 b !y are always s _m blemi%es2 :i*1 h[ev]1 bo? 9 real life & 9 pa9t+1 cease to appe> de=mities to ^? :o h !m cont9ually be=e _! eyes4 ,9 ! works ( art1 ev5 ! mo/ enlight5$ m9d1 :5 w>m$ by beauties ( ! highe/ k9d1 w by degrees f9d a repugnance )9 him to ackn[l$ge any defects2 nay1 8 en?usiasm w c>ry him s f>1 z to trans=m !m into beauties & objects ( imitation4 ,x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t a peculi>ity ( /yle1 ei!r f its novelty or by seem+ to proce$ f a peculi> turn ( m9d1 (t5 escapes blame2 on ! contr>y1 x is sometimes /rik+ & pleas+2 b ?is x is a va9 lab\r to endeav\r to imitate1 because novelty & peculi>ity be+ its only m]it1 :5 x ceases to be new x ceases to h value4 ,a mann]1 !re=e1 be+ a defect1 & e pa9t]1 h[ev] excell5t1 hav+ a mann]1 x seems to foll[ t all k9ds ( faults1 z well z beauties1 may be le>n$ "u ! sanction ( ! greate/ au?orities4 ,ev5 ! great "n ( ,mi*el ,angelo may be us$1 to keep 9 c\nt5ance a defici5cy1 or r neglect1 ( col\r+1 & e o!r ornam5tal "p ( ! art4 ,if ! "y /ud5t is dry & h>d1 ,p\ss9 is ! same4 ,if 8 "w has a c>eless & unf9i%$ air1 he has mo/ ( ! ,v5etian s*ool to support him4 ,if he makes no selection ( objects1 b takes individual nature j z he f9ds x1 he is l ,rembr&t4 ,if he is incorrect 9 ! proportions ( 8 figures1 ,correggio 0 likewise incorrect4 ,if 8 col\rs are n bl5d$ & unit$1 ,rub5s 0 equally crude4 ,9 %ort1 !re is no defect t may n be excus$1 if x is a suffici5t excuse t x c be imput$ to consid]able arti/s2 b x mu/ be rememb]$1 t x 0 n by ^! defects !y acquir$ _! reputation2 !y h a "r to our p>don1 b n to our admiration4 ,h[ev]1 to imitate peculi>ities1 or mi/ake defects = beauties1 t man w be mo/ liable :o conf9es 8 imitation to "o fav\rite ma/]2 & ev5 ?\gh he *ooses ! be/1 & is capable ( di/+ui%+ ! real excell5cies ( 8 model1 x is n by su* n>r[ practice t a g5ius or ma/]y 9 ! art is acquir$4 ,a man is z little likely to =m a true idea ( ! p]fection ( ! art by /udy+ a s+le arti/1 z he w\ld be to produce a p]fectly beautiful figure1 by an exact imitation ( any individual liv+ model4 ,& z ! pa9t]1 by br++ toge!r 9 "o piece ^? beauties :i* are disp]s$ among a great v>iety ( individuals1 produces a figure m beautiful ?an c be f\nd 9 nature1 s t arti/ :o c unite 9 himself ! excell5cies ( ! v>i\s great pa9t]s1 w approa* ne>] to p]fection ?an any "o ( 8 ma/]s4 ,he :o conf9es himself to ! imitation ( an individual1 z he nev] proposes to surpass1 s he is n likely to equal1 ! object ( 8 imitation4 ,he pr(esses only to foll[2 & he t foll[s mu/ necess>ily be beh9d4 ,we %\ld imitate ! conduct ( ! great arti/s 9 ! c\rse ( _! /udies1 z well z ! works :i* !y produc$1 :5 !y 7 p]fectly =m$4 ,raffaelle began by imitat+ implicitly ! mann] ( ,pietro ,p]ug9o1 "u :om he /udi$3 h5ce 8 fir/ works are sc>ce to be di/+ui%$ f 8 ma/]'s2 b soon =m+ high] & m ext5sive views1 he imitat$ ! gr& outl9e ( ,mi*el ,angelo3 he le>n$ ! mann] ( us+ col\rs f ! works ( ,leon>do da ,v9ci1 & ,fratre ,b>tolomeo3 to all ?is he add$ ! contemplation ( all ! rema9s ( antiquity t 7 )9 8 rea*1 & employ$ o!rs to draw = him :at 0 9 ,greece & di/ant places4 ,& x is f 8 hav+ tak5 s _m models1 t he became himself a model = all succe$+ pa9t]s2 always imitat+1 & always orig9al4 ,if y\r ambition1 !re=e1 be to equal ,raffaelle1 y mu/ d z ,raffaelle did1 take _m models1 & n ev5 him = y\r guide alone1 to ! exclusion ( o!rs4#d ,& yet ! numb] is inf9ite ( ^? :o seem1 if "o may judge by _! /yle1 to h se5 no o!r works b ^? ( _! ma/]1 or ( "s fav\rite1 ^: mann] is _! fir/ wi%1 & _! la/4 ,i w m5tion a few t occur to me ( ?is n>r[1 conf9$1 illib]al1 unsci5tific1 & s]vile k9d ( imitators4 ,guido 0 ?us meanly copi$ by ,elizabetta1 ,sirani1 & ,simone ,cant>9i2 ,p\ss91 by ,v]di] & ,*]on2 ,p>meggiano by ,j]onimo ,mazzuoli4 ,paolo ,v]onese1 & ,iacomo ,bassan1 _h = _! imitators _! bro!rs & sons4 ,pietro da ,cortona 0 foll[$ by ,ciro ,f]ri1 & ,romanelli2 ,rub5s1 by ,jacques ,jorda5s & ,diep5beke2 ,gu]c9o1 by 8 own family1 ! ,g5n>i4 ,c>lo ,m>atti 0 imitat$ by ,giuseppe ,*i>i1 & ,pietro de ,pietri2 & ,rembr&t1 by ,bram]1 ,eeckh\t1 & ,fl9k4 ,all ^!1 to :om may be add$ a mu* long] li/ ( pa9t]s1 ^: works among ! ignorant pass = ^? ( _! ma/]s1 are ju/ly to be c5sur$ = b>r5ness & s]vility4 ,to oppose to ?is li/ a few t h adopt$ a m lib]al /yle ( imitation2--,pellegr9o ,tibaldi ,rosso & ,primaticcio did n coldly imitate1 b caught some?+ ( ! fire t animates ! works ( ,mi*el ,angelo4 ,! ,c>accis =m$ _! /yle f ,pellegr9o ,tibaldi1 ,correggio1 & ! ,v5etian s*ool4 ,dom5i*9o1 ,guido1 ,lanfranco1 ,albano1 ,gu]c9o1 ,cavidone1 ,s*idone1 ,ti>9i1 ?\gh x is suffici5tly app>5t t !y came f ! s*ool ( ! ,c>accis1 h yet ! appe>ance ( m5 :o ext5d$ _! views beyond ! model t lay be=e !m1 & h %[n t !y _h op9ions ( _! own1 & ?\ght = !mselves1 aft] !y _h made !mselves ma/]s ( ! g5]al pr9ciples ( _! s*ools4 ,le ,su]'s fir/ mann] resembles v mu* t ( 8 ma/] ,voet2 b z he soon excell$ him1 s he diff]$ f him 9 e "p ( ! art4 ,c>lo ,m>atti succe$$ bett] ?an ^? ,i h fir/ nam$1 &1 ,i ?9k1 owes 8 sup]iority to ! ext5sion ( 8 views2 beside 8 ma/] ,&rea ,sac*i1 he imitat$ ,raffaelle1 ,guido1 & ! ,c>accis4 ,x is true1 !re is no?+ v captivat+ 9 ,c>lo ,m>atti2 b ?is proce$$ f a want :i* _c be completely suppli$2 t is1 want ( /r5g? ( p>ts4 ,9 ?is c]ta9ly m5 are n equal2 & a man c br+ home w>es only 9 proportion to ! capital ) :i* he goes to m>ket4 ,c>lo1 by dilig5ce1 made ! mo/ ( :at he _h2 b !re 0 und\bt$ly a heav9ess ab\t him1 :i* ext5d$ itself1 uni=mly1 to 8 inv5tion1 expression1 8 draw+1 col\r+1 & ! g5]al effect ( 8 pictures4 ,! tru? is1 he nev] equall$ any ( 8 patt]ns 9 any "o ?+1 & he add$ little ( 8 own4 ,b we mu/ n re/ cont5t$ ev5 9 ?is g5]al /udy ( ! mod]ns2 we mu/ trace back ! art to its f\nta9-head2 to t s\rce f :5ce !y drew _! pr9cipal excell5cies1 ! monum5ts ( pure antiquity4 ,all ! inv5tions & ?\ghts ( ! anci5ts1 :e!r convey$ to u 9 /atues1 bas-reliefs1 intaglios1 cameos1 or co9s1 are to be s\ght aft] & c>efully /udi$2 ! g5ius t hov]s ov] ^! v5]able relics may be call$ ! fa!r ( mod]n art4 ,f ! rema9s ( ! works ( ! anci5ts ! mod]n arts 7 reviv$1 & x is by _! means t !y mu/ be re/or$ a second "t4 ,h[ev] x may mortify our vanity1 we mu/ be =c$ to all[ !m our ma/]s3 & we may v5ture to prophesy1 t :5 !y %all cease to be /udi$1 arts w no long] fl\ri%1 & we %all aga9 relapse into b>b>ism4 ,! fire ( ! arti/'s own g5ius op]at+ ^u ^! mat]ials :i* h be5 ?us dilig5tly collect$1 w enable him to make new comb9ations1 p]haps sup]ior to :at _h ev] be=e be5 9 ! possession ( ! art2 z 9 ! mixture ( ! v>iety ( metals1 :i* are said to h be5 melt$ & run toge!r at ! burn+ ( ,cor9?1 a new & till !n unkn[n metal 0 produc$1 equal 9 value to any ( ^? t _h contribut$ to its composition4 ,& ?\gh a curi\s ref9] %\ld come ) 8 crucibles1 analyse & sep>ate its v>i\s compon5t p>ts1 yet ,cor9?ian brass w\ld /ill hold its rank among/ ! mo/ beautiful & valuable ( metals4 ,we h hi!rto consid]$ ! advantages ( imitation z x t5ds to =m ! ta/e1 & z a practice by :i* a sp>k ( t g5ius may be caught :i* illum9es ^? noble works t ought always to be pres5t to our ?\ghts4 ,we come n[ to speak ( ano!r k9d ( imitation2 ! borr[+ a p>ticul> ?\ght1 an action1 attitude1 or figure1 & transplant+ x into y\r own "w1 ?is w ei!r come "u ! *>ge ( plagi>ism1 or be w>rantable1 & des]ve comm5dation1 accord+ to ! address ) :i* x is p]=m$4 ,!re is "s diff]5ce1 likewise1 :e!r x is ^u ! anci5t or mod]ns t ^! depr$ations are made4 ,x is g5]ally all[$1 t no man ne$ be a%am$ ( copy+ ! anci5ts2 _! works are consid]$ z a magaz9e ( common prop]ty1 always op5 to ! public1 :5ce e man has a "r to take :at mat]ials he pleases2 & if he has ! art ( us+ !m1 !y are suppos$ to become to all int5ts & purposes 8 own prop]ty4 ,! collection ( ! ?\ghts ( ! anci5ts :i* ,raffaelle made ) s mu* tr\ble1 is a pro( ( 8 op9ion on ?is subject4 ,su* collections may be made ) mu* m ease1 by means ( an art sc>ce kn[n 9 ?is "t2 ,i mean t ( engrav+2 by :i*1 at an easy rate1 e man may n[ avail himself ( ! inv5tions ( antiquity4 ,x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t ! works ( ! mod]ns are m ! prop]ty ( _! au?ors4 ,he :o borr[s an idea f an anci5t1 or ev5 f a mod]n arti/ n 8 contempor>y1 & s accommodates x to 8 own "w1 t x makes a "p ( x1 ) no seam or jo9+ appe>+1 c h>dly be *>g$ ) plagi>ism2 poets practise ?is k9d ( borr[+1 )\t res]ve4 ,b an arti/ %\ld n be cont5t$ ) ?is only2 he %\ld ent] into a competition ) 8 orig9al1 & endeav\r to improve :at he is appropriat+ to 8 own "w4 ,su* imitation is s f> f hav+ any?+ 9 x ( ! s]vility ( plagi>ism1 t x is a p]petual ex]cise ( ! m9d1 a cont9ual inv5tion4 ,borr[+ or /eal+ ) su* art & caution1 w h a "r to ! same l5ity z 0 us$ by ! ,lac$monians2 :o did n puni% !ft1 b ! want ( artifice to conceal4 ,9 ord] to enc\rage y to imitation1 to ! utmo/ ext5t1 let me add1 t v f9i%$ arti/s 9 ! inf]ior bran*es ( ! art w contribute to furni% ! m9d & give h9ts1 ( :i* a skilful pa9t]1 :o is s5sible ( :at he wants1 & is 9 no dang] ( be+ infect$ by ! contact ( vici\s models1 w "k h[ to avail himself4 ,he w pick up f dunghills :at1 by a nice *emi/ry1 pass+ ?r\gh 8 own m9d1 %all be conv]t$ into pure gold2 & "u ! rud5ess ( ,go?ic essays1 he w f9d orig9al1 rational1 & ev5 sublime inv5tions4 ,! works ( ,alb]t ,dur]1 ,lucas ,van ,leyd51 ! num]\s inv5tions ( ,tobias ,/imm]1 & ,jo/ ,ammon1 af=d a ri* mass ( g5u9e mat]ials1 :i*1 wr\ght up1 & poli%$ to elegance1 w add copi\sness to :at1 p]haps1 )\t su* aid1 c\ld h aspir$ only to ju/ness & propriety4 ,9 ! luxuriant /yle ( ,paul ,v]onese1 9 ! caprici\s compositions ( ,t9toret1 he w f9d some?+ t w assi/ 8 inv5tion1 & give po9ts1 f :i* 8 own imag9ation %all rise & take flight1 :5 ! subject :i* he treats w ) propriety admit ( spl5did effects4 ,9 e s*ool1 :e!r ,v5etian1 ,fr5*1 or ,dut*1 he w f9d ei!r +5i\s compositions1 extraord9>y effects1 "s peculi> expressions1 or "s me*anical excell5ce1 well wor?y ( 8 att5tion1 &1 9 "s measure1 ( 8 imitation4 ,ev5 9 ! l[] class ( ! ,fr5* pa9t]s1 great beauties are (t5 f\nd1 unit$ ) great defects4 ,?\gh ,coypel want$ a simplicity ( ta/e1 & mi/ook a presumptu\s & assum+ air = :at is gr& & maje/ic2 yet he frequ5tly has good s5se & judgm5t 9 8 mann] ( tell+ 8 /ories1 great skill 9 8 compositions1 & is n )\t a consid]able p[] ( express+ ! passions4 ,! mod]n affectation ( grace 9 8 works1 z well z 9 ^? ( ,bos* & ,watteau1 may be said to be sep>at$ by a v ?9 p>tition f ! m simple & pure grace ( ,correggio & ,p>megiano4 ,among ! ,dut* pa9t]s1 ! correct1 firm1 & det]m9$ p5cil1 :i* 0 employ$ by ,bamboccio & ,jean ,miel1 on vulg> & mean subjects1 might1 )\t any *ange1 be employ$ on ! highe/2 to :i*1 inde$1 x seems m prop]ly to belong4 ,! greate/ /yle1 if t /yle is conf9$ to small figures1 su* z ,p\ss9 g5]ally pa9t$1 w\ld receive an additional grace by ! elegance & precision ( p5cil s admirable 9 ! works ( ,t5i]s2 & ?\gh ! s*ool to :i* he belong$ m p>ticul>ly excell$ 9 ! me*anism ( pa9t+2 yet x produc$ _m1 :o h %[n great abilities 9 express+ :at mu/ be rank$ above me*anical excell5cies4 ,9 ! works ( ,frank ,hals1 ! portrait-pa9t] may obs]ve ! composition ( a face1 ! features well put toge!r1 z ! pa9t]s express x2 f :5ce proce$s t /rong-m>k$ "* ( individual nature1 :i* is s rem>kable 9 8 portraits1 & is n f\nd 9 an equal degree 9 any o!r pa9t]4 ,if he _h jo9$ to ?is mo/ difficult "p ( ! art a pati5ce 9 f9i%+ :at he _h s correctly plann$1 he might ju/ly h claim$ ! place :i* ,v&yke1 all ?+s consid]$1 s ju/ly holds z ! fir/ ( portrait-pa9t]s4 ,o!rs ( ! same s*ool h %[n great p[] 9 express+ ! "* & passions ( ^? vulg> p :i* 7 ! subjects ( _! /udy & att5tion4 ,among ^?1 ,jan ,/e5 seems to be "o ( ! mo/ dilig5t & accurate obs]v]s ( :at pass$ 9 ^? sc5es :i* he frequ5t$1 & :i* 7 to him an academy4 ,i c easily imag9e1 t if ?is extraord9>y man _h _h ! good =tune to h be5 born 9 ,italy1 in/ead ( ,holl&2 _h he liv$ 9 ,rome1 in/ead ( ,leyd52 & be5 bless$ ) ,mi*el ,angelo & ,raffaelle = 8 ma/]s1 in/ead ( ,br\w] & ,van ,goy52 ! same sagacity & p5etration :i* di/+ui%$ s accurately ! diff]5t *>act]s & expression 9 8 vulg> figures1 w\ld1 :5 ex]t$ 9 ! selection & imitation ( :at 0 great & elevat$ 9 nature1 h be5 equally successful2 & he n[ w\ld h rang$ ) ! great pill>s & support]s ( our ,art4 ,m5 :o1 al?\gh ?us b\nd d[n by ! almo/ inv9cible p[]s ( e>ly habits1 h /ill ex]t$ extraord9>y abilities )9 _! n>r[ & conf9$ circle2 & h1 f ! natural vig\r ( _! m9d1 giv5 a v int]e/+ expression1 & great =ce & en]gy to _! works2 ?\gh !y _c be recomm5d$ to be exactly imitat$1 may yet invite an arti/ to endeav\r to transf]1 by a k9d ( p>ody1 _! excell5cies to 8 own p]=mances4 ,:oev] has acquir$ ! p[] ( mak+ ?is use ( ! ,flemi%1 ,v5etian1 & ,fr5* s*ools1 is a real g5ius1 & has s\rces ( k op5 to him :i* 7 want+ to ! great arti/s :o liv$ 9 ! great age ( pa9t+4 ,to f9d excell5cies1 h[ev] disp]s$2 to discov] beauties1 h[ev] conceal$ by ! multitude ( defects ) :i* !y are surr\nd$1 c be ! "w only ( him1 :o1 hav+ a m9d always alive to 8 art1 has ext5d$ 8 views to all ages & to all s*ools1 & has acquir$ f t compreh5sive mass :i* he has ?us ga!r$ to himself--a well-dige/$ & p]fect idea ( 8 art1 to :i* ev]y?+ is ref]r$4 ,l a sov]eign judge & arbit] ( art1 he is possess$ ( t presid+ p[] :i* sep>ates & attracts e excell5ce f e s*ool2 selects bo? f :at is great1 & :at is little2 br+s home k f ! ,ea/ & f ! ,we/2 mak+ ! univ]se tribut>y t[>ds furni%+ 8 m9d1 & enri*+ 8 works ) orig9ality & v>iety ( inv5tions4 ,?us ,i h v5tur$ to give my op9ion ( :at appe>s to me ! true & only me?od by :i* an arti/ makes himself ma/] ( 8 pr(ession2 :i* ,i hold ought to be "o cont9u$ c\rse ( imitation1 t is n to cease b ) 8 life4 ,^?1 :o ei!r f _! own engagem5ts & hurry ( bus9ess1 or f indol5ce1 or f conceit & vanity1 h neglect$ look+ out ( !mselves1 z f> z my exp]i5ce & obs]vation rea*es1 h f t "t1 n only ceas$ to advance1 & improve 9 _! p]=mances1 b h gone backw>d4 ,!y may be comp>$ to m5 :o h liv$ ^u _! pr9cipal till !y are r$uc$ to begg>y1 & left )\t res\rces4 ,i c recomm5d no?+ bett]1 !re=e1 ?an t y endeav\r to infuse into y\r works :at y le>n f ! contemplation ( ! works ( o!rs4 ,to recomm5d ?is has ! appe>ance ( ne$less & sup]flu\s advice2 b x has fall5 )9 my own k1 t arti/s1 ?\gh !y 7 n want+ 9 a s9c]e love = _! art1 ?\gh !y _h great pleasure 9 see+ good pictures1 & 7 well skill$ to di/+ui% :at 0 excell5t or defective 9 !m1 yet h gone on 9 _! own mann]1 )\t any endeav\r to give a little ( ^? beauties1 :i* !y admir$ 9 o!rs1 to _! own works4 ,x is difficult to conceive h[ ! pres5t ,italian pa9t]s1 :o live 9 ! mid/ ( ! treasures ( art1 %\ld be cont5t$ ) _! own /yle4 ,!y proce$ 9 _! commonplace inv5tions1 & nev] ?9k x wor? :ile to visit ! works ( ^? great arti/s ) :i* !y are surr\nd$4 ,i rememb]1 sev]al ye>s ago1 to h conv]s$ at ,rome ) an arti/ ( great fame ?r\gh\t ,europe2 he 0 n )\t a consid]able degree ( abilities1 b ^? abilities 7 by no means equal to 8 own op9ion ( !m4 ,f ! reputation he _h acquir$1 he too fondly conclud$ t he /ood 9 ! same rank :5 comp>$ ) 8 pr$ecessors1 z he held ) reg>d to 8 mis]able contempor>y rivals4 ,9 conv]sation ab\t "s p>ticul>s ( ! works ( ,raffaelle1 he seem$ to h1 or to affect to h1 a v obscure memory ( !m4 ,he told me t he _h n set 8 foot 9 ! ,vatican = fifte5 ye>s toge!r2 t he _h be5 9 treaty to copy a capital picture ( ,raffaelle1 b t ! bus9ess _h gone (f2 h[ev]1 if ! agreem5t _h held1 8 copy w\ld h greatly exce$$ ! orig9al4 ,! m]it ( ?is arti/1 h[ev] great we may suppose x1 ,i am sure w\ld h be5 f> great]1 & 8 presumption w\ld h be5 f> less1 if he _h visit$ ! ,vatican1 z 9 reason he ought to h done1 at lea/ once e mon? ( 8 life4 ,i address myself1 ,g5tlem51 to y :o h made "s progress 9 ! art1 & are to be1 = ! future1 "u ! guidance ( y\r own judgm5t & discretion4 ,i consid] y z arriv$ to t p]iod :5 y h a "r to ?9k = y\rselves1 & to presume t e man is fallible2 to /udy ! ma/]s ) a suspicion1 t great m5 are n always exempt f great faults2 to criticise1 comp>e1 & rank _! works 9 y\r own e/imation1 z !y approa* to1 or rec$e f1 t /&>d ( p]fection :i* y h =m$ 9 y\r own m9ds1 b :i* ^? ma/]s !mselves1 x mu/ be rememb]$1 h taught y to make1 & :i* y w cease to make ) correctness1 :5 y cease to /udy !m4 ,x is _! excell5cies :i* h taught y _! defects4 ,i w\ld wi% y to =get :]e y are1 & :o x is t speaks to y4 ,i only direct y to high] models & bett] advis]s4 ,we c tea* y "h b v little2 y are h5ce=? to be y\r own tea*]s4 ,d ?is ju/ice1 h[ev]1 to ! ,engli% ,academy2 to be> 9 m9d1 t 9 ?is place y contract$ no n>r[ habits1 no false ideas1 no?+ t c\ld lead y to ! imitation ( any liv+ ma/]1 :o may be ! fa%ionable d>l+ ( ! day4 ,z y h n be5 taught to flatt] u1 d n le>n to flatt] y\rselves4 ,we h endeav\r$ to lead y to ! admiration ( no?+ b :at is truly admirable4 ,if y *oose inf]ior patt]ns1 or if y make y\r own =m] works y\r patt]ns = y\r latt]1 x is y\r own fault4 ,! purport ( ?is disc\rse1 &1 inde$1 ( mo/ ( my o!r disc\rses1 is1 to caution y aga9/ t false op9ion1 b too preval5t among arti/s1 ( ! imag9>y p[]s ( native g5ius1 & its suffici5cy 9 great works4 ,?is op9ion1 accord+ to ! temp] ( m9d x meets )1 almo/ always produces1 ei!r a va9 confid5ce1 or a sluggi% despair--bo? equally fatal to all pr(ici5cy4 ,/udy1 !re=e1 ! great works ( ! great ma/]s =ev]4 ,/udy1 z ne>ly z y c1 9 ! ord]1 9 ! mann]1 & on ! pr9ciples1 on :i* !y /udi$4 ,/udy nature att5tively1 b always ) ^? ma/]s 9 y\r company2 consid] !m z models :i* y are to imitate1 & at ! same "t z rivals ) :om y are to cont5d4 ,,footnotes3 #d3 ,s$ non qui maxime imit&us1 etiam solus imit&us e/ ,qu9tilian4 ,,disc\rse ,,vii4 ,deliv]$ to ! ,/ud5ts ( ! ,royal ,academy1 on ! ,di/ribution ( ! ,prizes1 ,decemb] #aj1 #aggf4 ,,! ,,reality ,,( ,a ,,/&>d ,,( ,,ta/e1 ,,z ,,well ,,z ,,( ,,corporal ,,beauty4--,,beside ,,?is ,,imm$iate ,,tru?1 ,,!re ,,are ,,second>y ,,tru?s1 ,,:i* ,,are ,,v>iable2 ,,bo? ,,requir+ ,,! ,,att5tion ,,( ,,! ,,arti/1 ,,9 ,,proportion ,,to ,,_! ,,/ability ,,or ,,_! ,,influ5ce4 ,x has be5 my uni=m endeav\r1 s9ce ,i fir/ address$ y f ?is place1 to impress y /rongly ) "o rul+ idea4 ,i wi%$ y to be p]suad$ t success 9 y\r art dep5ds almo/ entirely on y\r own indu/ry2 b ! indu/ry :i* ,i pr9cipally recomm5d$ is n ! indu/ry ( ! h&s1 b ( ! m9d4 ,z our art is n a div9e gift1 s nei!r is x a me*anical trade4 ,its f\ndations are laid 9 solid sci5ce2 & practice1 ?\gh ess5tial to p]fection1 c nev] atta9 t to :i* x aims1 unless x works "u ! direction ( pr9ciple4 ,"s writ]s ^u art c>ry ?is po9t too f>1 & suppose t su* a body ( univ]sal & pr(\nd le>n+ is requisite1 t ! v enum]ation ( its k9ds is en\gh to fright5 a beg9n]4 ,vitruvius1 aft] go+ ?r\gh ! _m accompli%m5ts ( nature1 & ! _m acquirem5ts ( le>n+1 necess>y to an ar*itect1 proce$s ) great gravity to ass]t t he ought to be well skill$ 9 ! civil law1 t he may n be *eat$ 9 ! title ( ! gr\nd he builds on4 ,b )\t su* exagg]ation1 we may g s f> z to ass]t1 t a pa9t] /&s 9 ne$ ( m k ?an is to be pick$ (f 8 pallet1 or collect$ by look+ on 8 model1 :e!r x be 9 life or 9 picture4 ,he c nev] be a great arti/ :o is grossly illit]ate4 ,e man ^: bus9ess is description ought to be tol]ably conv]sant ) ! poets1 9 "s language or o!r2 t he may imbibe a poetical _s1 & enl>ge 8 /ock ( ideas4 ,he ought to acquire an habit ( comp>+ & dige/+ 8 notions4 ,he ought n to be :olly unacqua9t$ ) t "p ( philosophy :i* gives an insight into human nature1 & relates to ! mann]s1 *>act]s1 passions1 & affections4 ,he ought to "k some?+ conc]n+ ! m9d1 z well z a great deal conc]n+ ! body ( man4 ,= ?is purpose x is n necess>y t he %\ld g into su* a compass ( read+ z mu/1 by di/ract+ 8 att5tion1 disqualify him = ! practical "p ( 8 pr(ession1 & make him s9k ! p]=m] 9 ! critic4 ,read+1 if x c be made ! fav\rite recreation ( 8 leisure h\rs1 w improve & enl>ge 8 m9d1 )\t ret>d+ 8 actual indu/ry4 ,:at su* p>tial & desultory read+ _c af=d1 may be suppli$ by ! conv]sation ( le>n$ & +5i\s m51 :i* is ! be/ ( all sub/itutes = ^? :o h n ! means or opportunities ( deep /udy4 ,!re are _m su* m5 9 ?is age2 & !y w be pleas$ ) communicat+ _! ideas to arti/s1 :5 !y see !m curi\s & docile1 if !y are treat$ ) t respect & def]5ce :i* is s ju/ly _! due4 ,into su* society1 "y arti/s1 if !y make x ! po9t ( _! ambition1 w1 by degrees1 be admitt$4 ,!re1 )\t =mal tea*+1 !y w ins5sibly come to feel & reason l ^? !y live )1 & f9d a rational & sy/ematic ta/e imp]ceptibly =m$ 9 _! m9ds1 :i* !y w "k h[ to r$uce to a /&>d by apply+ g5]al tru? to _! own purposes1 bett]1 p]haps1 ?an ^? to :om !y own$ ! orig9al s5tim5t4 ,( ^! /udies1 & ?is conv]sation1 ! desire & legitimate (fspr+1 is a p[] ( di/+ui%+ "r f wrong2 :i* p[]1 appli$ to works ( art1 is d5om9at$ ,,ta/e4 ,let me1 !n1 )\t fur!r introduction1 ent] ^u an exam9ation1 :e!r ta/e be s f> beyond our rea* z to be unatta9able by c>e2 or be s v vague & caprici\s1 t no c>e ought to be employ$ ab\t x4 ,x has be5 ! fate ( arts to be envelop$ 9 my/]i\s & incompreh5sible language1 z if x 0 ?\ght necess>y t ev5 ! t]ms %\ld correspond to ! idea ent]ta9$ ( ! in/ability & unc]ta9ty ( ! rules :i* !y express$4 ,to speak ( g5ius & ta/e1 z 9 any way connect$ ) reason or common-s5se1 w\ld be1 9 ! op9ion ( "s t[]+ talk]s1 to speak l a man :o possess$ nei!r2 :o _h nev] felt t en?usiasm1 or1 to use _! own inflat$ language1 0 nev] w>m$ by t ,prome!an fire1 :i* animates ! canvas & vivifies ! m>ble4 ,if1 9 ord] to be intelligible1 ,i appe> to degrade art by br++ h] d[n f ! vision>y situation 9 ! cl\ds1 x is only to give h] a m solid mansion ^u ! e>?4 ,x is necess>y t at "s "t or o!r we %\ld see ?+s z !y really are1 & n impose on ourselves by t false magnitude ) :i* objects appe> :5 view$ indi/9ctly z ?r\gh a mi/4 ,we w all[ a poet to express 8 mean+1 :5 8 mean+ is n well kn[n to himself1 ) a c]ta9 degree ( obscurity1 z x is "o sort ( ! sublime4 ,b :51 9 pla9 prose1 we gravely talk ( c\rt+ ! ,muse 9 %ady b[]s2 wait+ ! call & inspiration ( ,g5ius1 f9d+ out :]e he inhabits1 & :]e he is to be invok$ ) ! greate/ success2 ( att5d+ to times & seasons :5 ! imag9ation %oots ) ! greate/ vig\r1 :e!r at ! summ] sol/ice or ! v]nal equ9ox2 sagaci\sly obs]v+ h[ mu* ! wild fre$om & lib]ty ( imag9ation is cramp$ by att5tion to e/abli%$ rules2 & h[ ?is same imag9ation beg9s to gr[ dim 9 advanc$ age1 smo!r$ & dead5$ by too mu* judgm5t2 :5 we talk su* language1 or ent]ta9 su* s5tim5ts z ^!1 we g5]ally re/ cont5t$ ) m]e words1 or at be/ ent]ta9 notions n only gr\ndless b p]nici\s4 ,if all ?is means1 :at x is v possible 0 orig9ally int5d$ only to be meant1 t 9 ord] to cultivate an art a man secludes himself f ! comm]ce ( ! _w1 & retires into ! c\ntry at p>ticul> seasons3 or t at "o "t ( ! ye> 8 body is 9 bett] heal?1 &1 consequ5tly1 8 m9d fitt] = ! bus9ess ( h>d ?9k+ ?an at ano!r "t2 or t ! m9d may be fatigu$ & gr[ confus$ by long & unremitt$ application2 ?is ,i c und]/&4 ,i c likewise believe t a man1 em95t :5 "y = possess+ poetical imag9ation1 may1 f hav+ tak5 ano!r road1 s neglect its cultivation z to %[ less ( its p[]s 9 8 latt] life4 ,b ,i am p]suad$ t sc>ce a poet is to be f\nd1 f ,hom] d[n to ,dryd51 :o pres]v$ a s\nd m9d 9 a s\nd body1 & cont9u$ practis+ 8 pr(ession to ! v la/1 ^: latt] works are n z replete ) ! fire ( imag9ation1 z ^? :i* 7 produc$ 9 8 m y\?ful days4 ,to und]/& lit]ally ^! metaphors1 or ideas express$ 9 poetical language1 seems to be equally absurd z to conclude1 t because pa9t]s sometimes repres5t poets writ+ f ! dictates ( a little w+$ boy or g5ius1 t ?is same g5ius did really in=m him 9 a :isp] :at he 0 to write2 & t he is himself b a m]e ma*9e1 unconsci\s ( ! op]ations ( 8 own m9d4 ,op9ions g5]ally receiv$ & float+ 9 ! _w1 :e!r true or false1 we naturally adopt & make our own3 !y may be consid]$ z a k9d ( inh]itance to :i* we succe$ & are t5ants = life1 & :i* we leave to our po/]ity v ne>ly 9 ! condition 9 :i* we receiv$ x1 x n be+ mu* 9 any "o man's p[] ei!r to impair or improve x4 ,! greate/ "p ( ^! op9ions1 l curr5t co9 9 its circulation1 we are us$ to take )\t weigh+ or exam9+2 b by ?is inevitable inatt5tion _m adult]at$ pieces are receiv$1 :i*1 :5 we s]i\sly e/imate our weal?1 we mu/ ?r[ away4 ,s ! collector ( popul> op9ions1 :5 he embodies 8 k1 & =ms a sy/em1 mu/ sep>ate ^? :i* are true f ^? :i* are only plausible4 ,b x becomes m peculi>ly a duty to ! pr(essors ( art n to let any op9ions relat+ to t art pass unexam9$4 ,! caution & circumspection requir$ 9 su* exam9ation we %all pres5tly h an opportunity ( expla9+4 ,g5ius & ta/e1 9 _! common acceptation1 appe> to be v ne>ly relat$2 ! diff]5ce lies only 9 ?is1 t g5ius has sup]add$ to x a habit or p[] ( execution2 or we may say1 t ta/e1 :5 ?is p[] is add$1 *anges its "n1 & is call$ g5ius4 ,!y bo?1 9 ! popul> op9ion1 pret5d to an entire exemption f ! re/ra9t ( rules4 ,x is suppos$ t _! p[]s are intuitive2 t "u ! "n ( g5ius great works are produc$1 & "u ! "n ( ta/e an exact judgm5t is giv51 )\t our kn[+ :y1 & )\t our be+ "u ! lea/ obligation to reason1 precept1 or exp]i5ce4 ,"o c sc>ce /ate ^! op9ions )\t expos+ _! absurdity2 yet !y are con/antly 9 ! m\?s ( m51 & p>ticul>ly ( arti/s4 ,!y :o h ?\ght s]i\sly on ?is subject d n c>ry ! po9t s f>2 yet ,i am p]suad$1 t ev5 among ^? few :o may be call$ ?9k]s1 ! preval5t op9ion all[s less ?an x ought to ! p[]s ( reason2 & consid]s ! pr9ciples ( ta/e1 :i* give all _! au?ority to ! rules ( art1 z m fluctuat+1 & z hav+ less solid f\ndations1 ?an we %all f9d1 ^u exam9ation1 !y really h4 ,! common say+1 t ta/es are n to be disput$1 owes its influ5ce1 & its g5]al reception1 to ! same error :i* leads u to imag9e ?is faculty ( too high an orig9al to submit to ! au?ority ( an e>?ly tribunal4 ,x likewise corresponds ) ! notions ( ^? :o consid] x z a m]e phantom ( ! imag9ation1 s devoid ( sub/ance z to elude all criticism4 ,we (t5 appe> to diff] 9 s5tim5ts f ea* o!r1 m]ely f ! inaccuracy ( t]ms1 z we are n oblig$ to speak always ) critical exactness4 ,some?+ ( ?is too may arise f want ( words 9 ! language 9 :i* we speak to express ! m nice discrim9ation :i* a deep inve/igation discov]s4 ,a great deal1 h[ev]1 ( ?is diff]5ce vani%es :5 ea* op9ion is tol]ably expla9$ & und]/ood by con/ancy & precision 9 ! use ( t]ms4 ,we apply ! t]m ,,ta/e to t act ( ! m9d by :i* we l or dislike1 :atev] be ! subject4 ,our judgm5t ^u an airy no?+1 a fancy :i* has no f\ndation1 is call$ by ! same "n :i* we give to our det]m9ation conc]n+ ^? tru?s :i* ref] to ! mo/ g5]al & mo/ unalt]able pr9ciples ( human nature2 to ! works :i* are only to be produc$ by ! greate/ ef=t ( ! human und]/&+4 ,h[ev] inconv5i5t ?is may be1 we are oblig$ to take words z we f9d !m2 all we c d is to di/+ui% ! ,,?+s to :i* !y are appli$4 ,we may let pass ^? ?+s :i* are at once subjects ( ta/e & s5se1 & :i*1 hav+ z mu* c]ta9ty z ! s5ses !mselves1 give no occasion to inquiry or dispute4 ,! natural appetite or ta/e ( ! human m9d is = ,,tru?2 :e!r t tru? results f ! real agreem5t or equality ( orig9al ideas among !mselves2 f ! agreem5t ( ! repres5tation ( any object ) ! ?+ repres5t$2 or f ! correspond5ce ( ! sev]al p>ts ( any arrangem5t ) ea* o!r4 ,x is ! v same ta/e :i* reli%es a demon/ration 9 geometry1 t is pleas$ ) ! resemblance ( a picture to an orig9al & t\*$ ) ! h>mony ( music4 ,all ^! h unalt]able & fix$ f\ndations 9 nature1 & are !re=e equally inve/igat$ by reason1 & kn[n by /udy2 "s ) m1 "s ) less cle>ness1 b all exactly 9 ! same way4 ,a picture t is unlike is false4 ,disproportionate ordonnance ( p>ts is n "r2 because x _c be true1 until x ceases to be a contradiction to ass]t1 t ! p>ts h no relation to ! :ole4 ,col\r+ is true1 :5 x is naturally adapt$ to ! eye1 f brightness1 f s(tness1 f h>mony1 f resemblance2 because ^! agree ) _! object1 ,,nature1 & !re=e are true2 z true z ma!matical demon/ration2 b kn[n to be true only to ^? :o /udy ^! ?+s4 ,b besides real1 !re is also app>5t tru?1 or op9ion1 or prejudice4 ,) reg>d to real tru?1 :5 x is kn[n1 ! ta/e :i* con=ms to x is1 & mu/ be1 uni=m4 ,) reg>d to ! second sort ( tru?1 :i* may be call$ tru? ^u suff]ance1 or tru? by c\rtesy1 x is n fix$1 b v>iable4 ,h[ev]1 :il/ ^! op9ions & prejudices1 on :i* x is f\nd$1 cont9ue1 !y op]ate z tru?2 & ! art1 ^: (fice x is to please ! m9d1 z well z in/ruct x1 mu/ direct itself accord+ to op9ion1 or x w n atta9 its end4 ,9 proportion z ^! prejudices are kn[n to be g5]ally diffus$1 or long receiv$1 ! ta/e :i* con=ms to !m approa*es ne>] to c]ta9ty1 & to a sort ( resemblance to real sci5ce1 ev5 :]e op9ions are f\nd to be no bett] ?an prejudices4 ,& s9ce !y des]ve1 on acc\nt ( _! duration & ext5t1 to be consid]$ z really true1 !y become capable ( no small degree ( /ability & det]m9ation1 by _! p]man5t & uni=m nature4 ,z ^! prejudices become m n>r[1 m local1 m transitory1 ?is second>y ta/e becomes m & m fanta/ical2 rec$es f real sci5ce2 is less to be approv$ by reason1 & less foll[$ by practice3 ?\gh 9 no case p]haps to be :olly neglect$1 :]e x does n /&1 z x sometimes does1 9 direct defiance ( ! mo/ respectable op9ions receiv$ among/ mank9d4 ,hav+ laid d[n ^! positions1 ,i %all proce$ ) less me?od1 because less w s]ve to expla9 & apply !m4 ,we w take x = grant$1 t reason is some?+ inv>iable1 & fix$ 9 ! nature ( ?+s2 & )\t endeav\r+ to g back to an acc\nt ( fir/ pr9ciples1 :i* = ev] w elude our se>*1 we w conclude t :atev] goes "u ! "n ( ta/e1 :i* we c fairly br+ "u ! dom9ion ( reason1 mu/ be consid]$ z equally exempt f *ange4 ,if1 !re=e1 9 ! c\rse ( ?is inquiry1 we c %[ t !re are rules = ! conduct ( ! arti/ :i* are fix$ & inv>iable1 x foll[s1 ( c\rse1 t ! art ( ! connoisseur1 or1 9 o!r words1 ta/e1 has likewise inv>iable pr9ciples4 ,( ! judgm5t :i* we make on ! works ( art1 & ! pref]5ce t we give to "o class ( art ov] ano!r1 if a reason be dem&$1 ! "q is p]haps evad$ by answ]+1 ,i judge f my ta/e2 b x does n foll[ t a bett] answ] _c be giv51 ?\gh1 = common gaz]s1 ?is may be suffici5t4 ,e man is n oblig$ to inve/igate ! cause ( 8 approbation or dislike4 ,! arts w\ld lie op5 = ev] to caprice & casualty1 if ^? :o are to judge ( _! excell5cies _h no settl$ pr9ciples by :i* !y are to regulate _! decisions1 & ! m]it or defect ( p]=mances 7 to be det]m9$ by unguid$ fancy4 ,& inde$ we may v5ture to ass]t1 t :atev] speculative k is necess>y to ! arti/1 is equally & indisp5sably necess>y to ! connoisseur4 ,! fir/ idea t occurs 9 ! consid]ation ( :at is fix$ 9 art1 or 9 ta/e1 is t presid+ pr9ciple ( :i* ,i h s frequ5tly spok5 9 =m] disc\rses1--! g5]al idea ( nature4 ,! beg9n+1 ! middle1 & ! end ( ev]y?+ t is valuable 9 ta/e1 is compris$ 9 ! k ( :at is truly nature2 = :atev] notions are n con=mable to ^? ( nature1 or univ]sal op9ion1 mu/ be consid]$ z m or less caprici\s4 ,my notion ( nature compreh5ds n only ! =ms :i* nature produces1 b also ! nature & int]nal fabric & organisation1 z ,i may call x1 ( ! human m9d & imag9ation4 ,! t]ms beauty1 or nature1 :i* are g5]al ideas1 are b diff]5t modes ( express+ ! same ?+1 :e!r we apply ^! t]ms to /atues1 poetry1 or pictures4 ,de=mity is n nature1 b an accid5tal deviation f h] accu/om$ practice4 ,?is g5]al idea1 !re=e1 ought to be call$ ,nature2 & no?+ else1 correctly speak+1 has a "r to t "n4 ,b we are sure s f> f speak+1 9 common conv]sation1 ) any su* accuracy1 t1 on ! contr>y1 :5 we criticise ,rembr&t & o!r ,dut* pa9t]s1 :o introduc$ into _! hi/orical pictures exact repres5tations ( individual objects ) all _! imp]fections1 we say--,?\gh x is n 9 a good ta/e1 yet x is nature4 ,?is misapplication ( t]ms mu/ be v (t5 p]plex+ to ! "y /ud5t4 ,is n art1 he may say1 an imitation ( nature8 ,mu/ he n1 !re=e1 :o imitates h] ) ! greate/ fidelity be ! be/ arti/8 ,by ?is mode ( reason+ ,rembr&t has a high] place ?an ,raffaelle4 ,b a v little reflection w s]ve to %[ u t ^! p>ticul>ities _c be nature2 = h[ c t be ! nature ( man1 9 :i* no two individuals are ! same8 ,x pla9ly appe>s1 t z a "w is conduct$ "u ! influ5ce ( g5]al ideas1 or p>tial1 x is pr9cipally to be consid]$ z ! effect ( a good or a bad ta/e4 ,z beauty1 !re=e1 does n consi/ 9 tak+ :at lies imm$iately be=e y1 s nei!r1 9 our pursuit ( ta/e1 are ^? op9ions :i* we fir/ receiv$ & adopt$ ! be/ *oice1 or ! mo/ natural to ! m9d & imag9ation4 ,9 ! infancy ( our k we seize ) gre$9ess ! good t is )9 our rea*2 x is by aft]-consid]ation1 & 9 consequ5ce ( discipl9e1 t we refuse ! pres5t = a great] good at a di/ance4 ,! nobility or elevation ( all arts1 l ! excell5cy ( virtue itself1 consi/s 9 adopt+ ?is enl>g$ & compreh5sive idea2 & all criticism built ^u ! m conf9$ view ( :at is natural may prop]ly be call$ %all[ criticism1 r ?an false3 its defect is1 t ! tru? is n suffici5tly ext5sive4 ,x has sometimes happ5$ t "s ( ! greate/ m5 9 our art h be5 betray$ into errors by ?is conf9$ mode ( reason+4 ,p\ss91 :o ^u ! :ole may be produc$ z an arti/ /rictly att5tive to ! mo/ enl>g$ & ext5sive ideas ( nature1 f n hav+ settl$ pr9ciples on ?is po9t1 has1 9 "o in/ance at lea/1 ,i ?9k1 des]t$ tru? = prejudice4 ,he is said to h v9dicat$ ! conduct ( ,julio ,romano = 8 inatt5tion to ! masses ( light & %ade1 or gr\p+ ! figures 9 ,,! ,,battle ,,( ,,con/ant9e1 z if design$ly neglect$1 ! bett] to correspond ) ! hurry & confusion ( a battle4 ,p\ss9's own conduct 9 _m ( 8 pictures makes u m easily give cr$it to ?is report4 ,t x 0 too mu* 8 own practice1 ,,! ,,sacrifice ,,to ,,sil5us1 & ,,! ,,triumph ,,( ,,bac*us ,,& ,,ariadne1 may be produc$ z in/ances2 b ?is pr9ciple is /ill m app>5t1 & may be said to be ev5 m o/5tati\sly display$ 9 8 ,,p]seus & ,,m$usa',s ,,head4 ,?is is und\bt$ly a subject ( great bu/le & tumult1 & t ! fir/ effect ( ! picture may correspond to ! subject1 e pr9ciple ( composition is violat$2 !re is no pr9cipal figure1 no pr9cipal light1 no gr\ps2 ev]y?+ is disp]s$1 & 9 su* a /ate ( confusion1 t ! eye f9ds no repose any:]e4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! =bidd+ appe>ance1 ,i rememb] turn+ f x ) disgu/1 & %\ld n h look$ a second "t1 if ,i _h n be5 call$ back to a clos] inspection4 ,i !n inde$ f\nd1 :at we may expect always to f9d 9 ! works ( ,p\ss91 correct draw+1 =cible expression1 & j "*2 9 %ort1 all ! excell5cies :i* s mu* di/+ui% ! works ( ?is le>n$ pa9t]4 ,?is conduct ( ,p\ss9 ,i hold to be entirely improp] to imitate4 ,a picture %\ld please at fir/ sight1 & appe> to invite ! spectator's att5tion3 if1 on ! contr>y1 ! g5]al effect (f5ds ! eye1 a second view is n always s\ght1 :atev] m sub/antial & intr9sic m]it x may possess4 ,p]haps no apology ought to be receiv$ = (f5ces committ$ aga9/ ! vehicle 7:e!r x be ! organ ( see+ or ( he>+7 by :i* our pleasures are convey$ to ! m9d4 ,we mu/ take c>e t ! eye be n p]plex$ & di/ract$ by a confusion ( equal p>ts1 or equal lights1 or (f5d$ by an unh>moni\s mixture ( col\rs1 z we %\ld gu>d aga9/ (f5d+ ! e> by unh>moni\s s\nds4 ,we may v5ture to be m confid5t ( ! tru? ( ?is obs]vation1 s9ce we f9d t ,%akespe>e1 on a p>allel occasion1 has made ,hamlet recomm5d to ! play]s a precept ( ! same k9d--nev] to (f5d ! e> by h>% s\nds3 ,9 ! v torr5t1 tempe/1 & :irlw9d ( y\r passion1 says he1 y mu/ acquire & beget a temp]ance t may give x smoo?ness4 ,& yet1 at ! same "t1 he v ju/ly obs]ves1 ,! end ( play+1 bo? at ! fir/1 & n[1 01 & is1 to hold1 z 'tw]e1 ! mirror up to nature4 ,no "o c d5y t viol5t passions w naturally emit h>% & disagreeable tones2 yet ?is great poet & critic ?\ght t ?is imitation ( nature w\ld co/ too mu*1 if pur*as$ at ! exp5se ( disagreeable s5sations1 or1 z he expresses x1 ( splitt+ ! e>4 ,! poet & actor1 z well z ! pa9t] ( g5ius1 :o is well acqua9t$ ) all ! v>iety & s\rces ( pleasure 9 ! m9d & imag9ation1 has little reg>d or att5tion to common nature1 or creep+ aft] common-s5se4 ,by ov]leap+ ^? n>r[ b\nds1 he m effectually seizes ! :ole m9d1 & m p[]fully accompli%es 8 purpose4 ,?is success is ignorantly imag9$ to proce$ f inatt5tion to all rules1 & a defiance ( reason & judgm5t2 :]eas x is 9 tru? act+ accord+ to ! be/ rules & ! ju/e/ reason4 ,he :o ?9ks nature1 9 ! n>r[ s5se ( ! ^w1 is alone to be foll[$1 w produce b a scanty ent]ta9m5t = ! imag9ation2 ev]y?+ is to be done ) :i* x is natural = ! m9d to be pleas$1 :e!r x proce$s f simplicity or v>iety1 uni=mity or irregul>ity2 :e!r ! sc5es are famili> or exotic2 rude & wild1 or enri*$ & cultivat$2 = x is natural = ! m9d to be pleas$ ) all ^! 9 _! turn4 ,9 %ort1 :atev] pleases has 9 x :at is analog\s to ! m9d1 & is1 !re=e1 9 ! highe/ & be/ s5se ( ! ^w1 natural4 ,x is ! s5se ( nature or tru? :i* ought m p>ticul>ly to be cultivat$ by ! pr(essors ( art2 & x may be obs]v$1 t _m wise & le>n$ m51 :o h accu/om$ _! m9ds to admit no?+ = tru? b :at c be prov$ by ma!matical demon/ration1 h seldom any reli% = ^? arts :i* address !mselves to ! fancy1 ! rectitude & tru? ( :i* is kn[n by ano!r k9d ( pro(2 & we may add1 t ! acquisition ( ?is k requires z mu* circumspection & sagacity z is necess>y to atta9 ^? tru?s :i* are m capable ( demon/ration4 ,reason mu/ ultimately det]m9e our *oice on e occasion2 b ?is reason may /ill be ex]t$ ineffectually by apply+ to ta/e pr9ciples :i*1 ?\gh "r z f> z !y g1 yet d n rea* ! object4 ,no man1 = in/ance1 c d5y t x seems at fir/ view v reasonable t a /atue1 :i* is to c>ry d[n to po/]ity ! resemblance ( an individual1 %\ld be dress$ 9 ! fa%ion ( ! times1 9 ! dress :i* he himself wore3 ?is w\ld c]ta9ly be true1 if ! dress 7 "p ( ! man2 b aft] a "t1 ! dress is only an amusem5t = an antiqu>ian2 & if x ob/ructs ! g5]al design ( ! piece1 x is to be disreg>d$ by ! arti/4 ,common-s5se mu/ "h give way to a high] s5se4 ,9 ! nak$ =m1 & 9 ! disposition ( ! drap]y1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 "o arti/ & ano!r is pr9cipally se54 ,b if he is compell$ to exhibit ! mod]n dress1 ! nak$ =m is entirely hid1 & ! drap]y is already dispos$ by ! skill ( ! tailor4 ,7 a ,phidias to obey su* absurd comm&s1 he w\ld please no m ?an an ord9>y sculptor2 9 ! inf]ior p>ts ( e art ! le>n$ & ! ignorant are ne>ly ^u a level4 ,^! 7 probably among ! reasons t induc$ ! sculptor ( t wond]ful figure ( ,laocoon1 to exhibit him nak$1 not)/&+ he 0 surpris$ 9 ! act ( sacrific+ to ,apollo1 & consequ5tly ought to h be5 %[n 9 8 sac]dotal habits1 if ^? great] reasons _h n prepond]at$4 ,art is n yet 9 s high e/imation ) u1 z to obta9 s great a sacrifice z ! anci5ts made1 especially ! ,grecians1 :o suff]$ !mselves to be repres5t$ nak$1 :e!r !y 7 g5]als1 lawgiv]s1 or k+s4 ,"u ?is head ( balanc+ & *oos+ ! great] reason1 or ( two evils tak+ ! lea/1 we may consid] ! conduct ( ,rub5s 9 ! ,luxemb\rg gall]y1 :]e he has mix$ allegorical figures ) ! repres5tations ( real p]sonages1 :i* mu/ be ackn[l$g$ to be a fault2 yet1 if ! arti/ consid]$ himself z engag$ to furni% ?is gall]y ) a ri*1 v>i\s1 & spl5did ornam5t1 ?is c\ld n be done1 at lea/ 9 an equal degree1 )\t peopl+ ! air & wat] ) ^! allegorical figures3 he !re=e accompli%$ all t he purpos$4 ,9 ?is case all less] consid]ations1 :i* t5d to ob/ruct ! great end ( ! "w1 mu/ yield & give way4 ,! v>iety :i* portraits & mod]n dresses1 mix$ ) allegorical figures1 produce1 is n to be slightly giv5 up ^u a punctilio ( reason1 :5 t reason deprives ! art 9 a mann] ( its v exi/5ce4 ,x mu/ always be rememb]$ t ! bus9ess ( a great pa9t] is to produce a great picture2 he mu/ !re=e take especial c>e n to be cajol$ by speci\s argum5ts out ( 8 mat]ials4 ,:at has be5 s (t5 said to ! disadvantage ( allegorical poetry1--t x is t$i\s1 & un9t]e/+1--_c ) ! same propriety be appli$ to pa9t+1 :]e ! int]e/ is ( a diff]5t k9d4 ,if allegorical pa9t+ produces a great] v>iety ( ideal beauty1 a ri*]1 a m v>i\s & delightful composition1 & gives to ! arti/ a great] opportunity ( exhibit+ 8 skill1 all ! int]e/ he wi%es = is accompli%$2 su* a picture n only attracts1 b fixes ! att5tion4 ,if x be object$ t ,rub5s judg$ ill at fir/ 9 ?9k+ x necess>y to make 8 "w s v ornam5tal1 ?is puts ! "q ^u new gr\nd4 ,x 0 8 peculi> /yle2 he c\ld pa9t 9 no o!r2 & he 0 select$ = t "w1 probably because x 0 8 /yle4 ,nobody w dispute b "s ( ! be/ ( ! ,roman or ,bolognian s*ools w\ld h produc$ a m le>n$ & m noble "w4 ,?is leads u to ano!r important prov9ce ( ta/e1 t ( weigh+ ! value ( ! diff]5t classes ( ! art1 & ( e/imat+ !m accord+ly4 ,all arts h means )9 !m ( apply+ !mselves ) success bo? to ! intellectual & s5sitive "p ( our natures4 ,x _c be disput$1 suppos+ bo? ^! means put 9 practice ) equal abilities1 to :i* we ought to give ! pref]5ce2 to him :o repres5ts ! h]oic arts & m dignifi$ passions ( man1 or to him :o1 by ! help ( m]etrici\s ornam5ts1 h[ev] elegant & graceful1 captivates ! s5suality1 z x may be call$1 ( our ta/e4 ,?us ! ,roman & ,bolognian s*ools are reasonably pref]r$ to ! ,v5etian1 ,flemi%1 or ,dut* s*ools1 z !y address !mselves to our be/ & noble/ faculties4 ,well-turn$ p]iods 9 eloqu5ce1 or h>mony ( numb]s 9 poetry1 :i* are 9 ^? arts :at col\r+ is 9 pa9t+1 h[ev] highly we may e/eem !m1 c nev] be consid]$ z ( equal importance ) ! art ( unfold+ tru?s t are useful to mank9d1 & :i* make u bett] or wis]4 ,nor c ^? works :i* rem9d u ( ! pov]ty & meanness ( our nature be consid]$ z ( equal rank ) :at excites ideas ( gr&eur1 or raises & dignifies humanity2 or1 9 ! words ( a late poet1 :i* makes ! behold] le>n to v5]ate himself z man4#e ,x is reason & good s5se1 !re=e1 :i* ranks & e/imates e art1 & e "p ( t art1 accord+ to its importance1 f ! pa9t] ( animat$ d[n to inanimat$ nature4 ,we w n all[ a man1 :o %all pref] ! inf]ior /yle1 to say x is 8 ta/e2 ta/e "h has no?+1 or at lea/ ought to h no?+1 to d ) ! "q4 ,he wants n ta/e1 b s5se & s\ndness ( judgm5t4 ,inde$1 p]fection 9 an inf]ior /yle may be reasonably pref]r$ to m$iocrity 9 ! highe/ walks ( art4 ,a l&scape ( ,claude ,lorra9 may be pref]r$ to a hi/ory by ,luca ,giordano2 b h5ce appe>s ! necessity ( ! connoisseur's kn[+ 9 :at consi/s ! excell5cy ( ea* class1 9 ord] to judge h[ ne> x approa*es to p]fection4 ,ev5 9 works ( ! same k9d1 z 9 hi/ory-pa9t+1 :i* is compos$ ( v>i\s p>ts1 excell5ce ( an inf]ior species1 c>ri$ to a v high degree1 w make a "w v valuable1 & 9 "s measure comp5sate = ! abs5ce ( ! high] k9ds ( m]it4 ,x is ! duty ( ! connoisseur to "k & e/eem1 z mu* z x may des]ve1 e "p ( pa9t+3 he w n !n ?9k ev5 ,bassano unwor?y ( 8 notice2 :o1 ?\gh totally devoid ( expression1 s5se1 grace1 or elegance1 may be e/eem$ on acc\nt ( 8 admirable ta/e ( col\rs1 :i*1 9 8 be/ works1 are little inf]ior to ^? ( ,titian4 ,s9ce ,i h m5tion$ ,bassano1 we mu/ d him likewise ! ju/ice to ackn[l$ge1 t ?\gh he did n aspire to ! dignity ( express+ ! *>act]s & passions ( m51 yet1 ) respect to facility & tru? 9 8 mann] ( t\*+ animals ( all k9ds1 & giv+ !m :at pa9t]s call _! "*1 few h excell$ him4 ,to ,bassano we may add ,paul ,v]onese & ,t9toret1 = _! entire inatt5tion to :at is ju/ly ?\ght ! mo/ ess5tial "p ( our art1 ! expression ( ! passions4 ,not)/&+ ^! gl>+ defici5cies1 we ju/ly e/eem _! works2 b x mu/ be rememb]$1 t !y d n please f ^? defects1 b f _! great excell5cies ( ano!r k9d1 & 9 spite ( su* transgressions4 ,^! excell5cies1 too1 z f> z !y g1 are f\nd$ 9 ! tru? ( g5]al nature3 !y tell ! tru?1 ?\gh n ! :ole tru?4 ,by ^! consid]ations1 :i* c nev] be too frequ5tly impress$1 may be obviat$ two errors1 :i* ,i obs]v$ to h be51 =m]ly at lea/1 ! mo/ preval5t1 & to be mo/ injuri\s to arti/s2 t ( ?9k+ ta/e & g5ius to h no?+ to d ) reason1 & t ( tak+ p>ticul> liv+ objects = nature4 ,i %all n[ say some?+ on t "p ( ta/e1 :i*1 z ,i h h9t$ to y be=e1 does n belong s mu* to ! ext]nal =m ( ?+s1 b is address$ to ! m9d1 & dep5ds on its orig9al frame1 or1 to use ! expression1 ! organisation ( ! s\l2 ,i mean ! imag9ation & ! passions4 ,! pr9ciples ( ^! are z inv>iable z ! =m]1 & are to be kn[n & reason$ ^u 9 ! same mann]1 by an appeal to common-s5se decid+ ^u ! common feel+s ( mank9d4 ,?is s5se1 & ^! feel+s1 appe> to me ( equal au?ority1 & equally conclusive4 ,n[ ?is appeal implies a g5]al uni=mity & agreem5t 9 ! m9ds ( m54 ,x w\ld be else an idle & va9 endeav\r to e/abli% rules ( art2 x w\ld be pursu+ a phantom1 to attempt to move affections ) :i* we 7 entirely unacqua9t$4 ,we h no reason to suspect !re is a great] diff]5ce betwe5 our m9ds ?an betwe5 our =ms2 ( :i*1 ?\gh !re are no two alike1 yet !re is a g5]al similitude t goes ?r\gh ! :ole race ( mank9d2 & ^? :o h cultivat$ _! ta/e c di/+ui% :at is beautiful or de=m$1 or1 9 o!r words1 :at agrees ) or deviates f ! g5]al idea ( nature1 9 "o case1 z well z 9 ! o!r4 ,! int]nal fabric ( our m9ds1 z well z ! ext]nal =m ( our bodies1 be+ ne>ly uni=m1 x seems !n to foll[ ( c\rse1 t z ! imag9ation is incapable ( produc+ any ?+ orig9ally ( itself1 & c only v>y & comb9e ^? ideas ) :i* x is furni%$ by means ( ! s5ses1 !re w be necess>ily an agreem5t 9 ! imag9ations1 z 9 ! s5ses ( m54 ,!re be+ ?is agreem5t1 x foll[s1 t 9 all cases1 9 our lighte/ amusem5ts z well z 9 our mo/ s]i\s actions & engagem5ts ( life1 we mu/ regulate our affections ( e k9d by t ( o!rs4 ,! well-discipl9$ m9d ackn[l$ges ?is au?ority1 & submits its own op9ion to ! public voice4 ,x is f kn[+ :at are ! g5]al feel+s & passions ( mank9d t we acquire a true idea ( :at imag9ation is2 ?\gh x appe>s z if we _h no?+ to d b to consult our own p>ticul> s5sations1 & ^! 7 suffici5t to ensure u f all error & mi/ake4 ,a k ( ! disposition & "* ( ! human m9d c be acquir$ only by exp]i5ce2 a great deal w be le>n$1 ,i admit1 by a habit ( exam9+ :at passes 9 our bosoms1 :at are our own motives ( action1 & ( :at k9d ( s5tim5ts we are consci\s on any occasion4 ,we may suppose an uni=mity1 & conclude t ! same effect w be produc$ by ! same cause 9 ! m9d ( o!rs4 ,?is exam9ation w contribute to sugge/ to u matt]s ( inquiry2 b we c nev] be sure t our own s5tim5ts are true & "r1 till !y are confirm$ by m ext5sive obs]vation4 ,"o man oppos+ ano!r det]m9es no?+2 b a g5]al union ( m9ds1 l a g5]al comb9ation ( ! =ces ( all mank9d1 makes a /r5g? t is irresi/ible4 ,9 fact1 z he :o does n "k himself1 does n "k o!rs1 s x may be said ) equal tru?1 t he :o does n "k o!rs1 kn[s himself b v imp]fectly4 ,a man :o ?9ks he is gu>d+ himself aga9/ prejudices by resi/+ ! au?ority ( o!rs1 leaves op5 e av5ue to s+ul>ity1 vanity1 self-conceit1 ob/9acy1 & _m o!r vices1 all t5d+ to w>p ! judgm5t1 & prev5t ! natural op]ation ( 8 faculties4 ,?is submission to o!rs is a def]5ce :i* we owe1 &1 inde$1 are =c$ involunt>ily to pay4 ,9 fact1 we nev] are satisfi$ ) our op9ions1 :atev] we may pret5d1 till !y are ratifi$ & confirm$ by ! suffrages ( ! re/ ( mank9d4 ,we dispute & wrangle = ev]2 we endeav\r to get m5 to come to u :5 we d n g to !m4 ,he1 !re=e1 :o is acqua9t$ ) ! works :i* h pleas$ diff]5t ages & diff]5t c\ntries1 & has =m$ 8 op9ion on !m1 has m mat]ials1 & m means ( kn[+ :at is analog\s to ! m9d ( man1 ?an he :o is conv]sant only ) ! works ( 8 own age or c\ntry4 ,:at has pleas$1 & cont9ues to please1 is likely to please aga93 h5ce are d]iv$ ! rules ( art1 & on ?is immovable f\ndation !y mu/ ev] /&4 ,?is se>* & /udy ( ! hi/ory ( ! m9d ought n to be conf9$ to "o art only4 ,x is by ! analogy t "o art be>s to ano!r t _m ?+s are asc]ta9$1 :i* ei!r 7 b fa9tly se51 or1 p]haps1 w\ld n h be5 discov]$ at all1 if ! inv5tor _h n receiv$ ! fir/ h9ts f ! practices ( a si/] art on a simil> occasion4#f ,! frequ5t allusions :i* e man :o treats ( any art is oblig$ to make to o!rs1 9 ord] to illu/rate & confirm 8 pr9ciples1 suffici5tly %[ _! ne> connection & insep>able relation4 ,all arts hav+ ! same g5]al end1 :i* is to please2 & address+ !mselves to ! same faculties1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! s5ses2 x foll[s t _! rules & pr9ciples mu/ h z great aff9ity z ! diff]5t mat]ials & ! diff]5t organs or vehicles by :i* !y pass to ! m9d w p]mit !m to reta94#g ,we may !re=e conclude t ! real sub/ance1 z x may be call$1 ( :at goes "u ! "n ( ta/e1 is fix$ & e/abli%$ 9 ! nature ( ?+s2 t !re are c]ta9 & regul> causes by :i* ! imag9ation & passions ( m5 are affect$2 & t ! k ( ^! causes is acquir$ by a labori\s & dilig5t inve/igation ( nature1 & by ! same sl[ progress z wisdom or k ( e k9d1 h[ev] in/antane\s its op]ations may appe> :5 ?us acquir$4 ,x has be5 (t5 obs]v$1 t ! good & virtu\s man alone c acquire ?is true or j reli% ev5 ( works ( art4 ,?is op9ion w n appe> entirely )\t f\ndation1 :5 we consid] t ! same habit ( m9d1 :i* is acquir$ by our se>* aft] tru?1 9 ! m s]i\s duties ( life1 is only transf]r$ to ! pursuit ( light] amusem5ts4 ,! same disposition1 ! same desire to f9d some?+ /eady1 sub/antial1 & durable1 on :i* ! m9d c lean1 z x 71 & re/ ) safety1 actuates u 9 bo? cases4 ,! subject only is *ang$4 ,we pursue ! same me?od 9 our se>* aft] ! idea ( beauty & p]fection 9 ea*2 ( virtue1 by look+ =w>d beyond ourselves to society1 & to ! :ole2 ( arts1 by ext5d+ our views 9 ! same mann]1 to all ages & all times4 ,e art1 l our own1 has 9 its composition fluctuat+ z well z fix$ pr9ciples4 ,x is an att5tive inquiry into _! diff]5ce t w enable u to det]m9e h[ f> we are influ5c$ by cu/om & habit1 & :at is fix$ 9 ! nature ( ?+s4 ,to di/+ui% h[ mu* has solid f\ndation1 we may h rec\rse to ! same pro( by :i* "s hold t wit ought to be tri$2 :e!r x pres]ves itself :5 translat$4 ,t wit is false :i* c subsi/ only 9 "o language2 & t picture :i* pleases only "o age or "o nation owes its reception to "s local or accid5tal association ( ideas4 ,we may apply ?is to e cu/om & habit ( life4 ,?us1 ! g5]al pr9ciples ( urbanity1 polit5ess1 or civility1 h be5 ! same 9 all nations2 b ! mode 9 :i* !y are dress$ is cont9ually v>y+4 ,! g5]al idea ( %[+ respect is by mak+ y\rself less2 b ! mann]1 :e!r by b[+ ! body1 kneel+1 pro/ration1 pull+ (f ! upp] "p ( our dress1 or tak+ away ! l[]1#h is a matt] ( cu/om4 ,?us1 9 reg>d to ornam5ts1--x w\ld be unju/ to conclude1 t1 because !y 7 at fir/ arbitr>ily contriv$1 !y are !re=e undes]v+ ( our att5tion2 on ! contr>y1 he :o neglects ! cultivation ( ^? ornam5ts acts contr>y to nature & reason4 ,z life w\ld be imp]fect )\t its highe/ ornam5ts1 ! ,arts1 s ^! arts !mselves w\ld be imp]fect )\t _! ornam5ts4 ,?\gh we by no means ought to rank ) ^! positive & sub/antial beauties1 yet x mu/ be all[$ t a k ( bo? is ess5tially requisite t[>ds =m+ a complete1 :ole1 & p]fect ta/e4 ,x is 9 reality f _! ornam5ts t arts receive _! peculi> "* & complexion2 we may add1 t 9 !m we f9d ! *>act]i/ical m>k ( a national ta/e2 z1 by ?r[+ up a fea!r 9 ! air1 we "k :i* way ! w9d bl[s1 bett] ?an by a m heavy matt]4 ,! /rik+ di/9ction betwe5 ! works ( ! ,roman1 ,bolognian1 & ,v5etian s*ools consi/s m 9 t g5]al effect :i* is produc$ by col\rs ?an 9 ! m pr(\nd excell5cies ( ! art2 at lea/ x is f !nce t ea* is di/+ui%$ & kn[n at fir/ sight4 ,?us x is ! ornam5ts r ?an ! proportions ( ar*itecture :i* at ! fir/ glance di/+ui% ! diff]5t ord]s f ea* o!r2 ! ,doric is kn[n by its triglyphs1 ! ,ionic by its volutes1 & ! ,cor9?ian by its acan?us4 ,:at di/+ui%es oratory f a cold n>ration is a m lib]al1 ?\gh *a/e1 use ( ^? ornam5ts :i* g "u ! "n ( figurative & metaphorical expressions2 & poetry di/+ui%es itself f oratory by words & expressions /ill m ard5t & gl[+4 ,:at sep>ates & di/+ui%es poetry is m p>ticul>ly ! ornam5t ( v]se2 x is ?is :i* gives x its "*1 & is an ess5tial )\t :i* x _c exi/4 ,cu/om has appropriat$ diff]5t metre to diff]5t k9ds ( composition1 9 :i* ! _w is n p]fectly agre$4 ,9 ,engl& ! dispute is n yet settl$1 :i* is to be pref]r$1 rhyme or blank v]se4 ,b h[ev] we disagree ab\t :at ^! metrical ornam5ts %all be1 t "s metre is ess5tially necess>y is univ]sally ackn[l$g$4 ,9 poetry or eloqu5ce1 to det]m9e h[ f> figurative or metaphorical language may proce$1 & :5 x beg9s to be affectation or beside ! tru?1 mu/ be det]m9$ by ta/e2 ?\gh ?is ta/e1 we mu/ nev] =get1 is regulat$ & =m$ by ! presid+ feel+s ( mank9d--by ^? works :i* h approv$ !mselves to all times & all p]sons4 ,?us1 ?\gh eloqu5ce has und\bt$ly an ess5tial & intr9sic excell5ce1 & immovable pr9ciples common to all languages1 f\nd$ 9 ! nature ( our passions & affections2 yet x has its ornam5ts & modes ( address1 :i* are m]ely arbitr>y4 ,:at is approv$ 9 ! ea/]n nations z gr& & maje/ic w\ld be consid]$ by ! ,greeks & ,romans z turgid & inflat$2 & !y1 9 return1 w\ld be ?\ght by ! ,ori5tals to express !mselves 9 a cold & insipid mann]4 ,we may add1 likewise1 to ! cr$it ( ornam5ts1 t x is by _! means t ,art itself accompli%es its purpose4 ,fresnoy calls col\r+1 :i* is "o ( ! *ief ornam5ts ( pa9t+1 l5a sororis1 t :i* procures lov]s & admir]s to ! m valuable excell5cies ( ! art4 ,x appe>s to be ! same "r turn ( m9d :i* enables a man to acquire ! tru?1 or ! j idea ( :at is "r1 9 ! ornam5ts1 z 9 ! m /able pr9ciples ( art4 ,x has /ill ! same c5tre ( p]fection1 ?\gh x is ! c5tre ( a small] circle4 ,to illu/rate ?is by ! fa%ion ( dress1 9 :i* !re is all[$ to be a good or bad ta/e4 ,! compon5t p>ts ( dress are cont9ually *ang+ f great to little1 f %ort to long2 b ! g5]al =m /ill rema9s2 x is /ill ! same g5]al dress1 :i* is comp>atively fix$1 ?\gh on a v sl5d] f\ndation2 b x is on ?is :i* fa%ion mu/ re/4 ,he :o inv5ts ) ! mo/ success1 or dresses 9 ! be/ ta/e1 w\ld probably1 f ! same sagacity employ$ to great] purposes1 h discov]$ equal skill1 or h =m$ ! same correct ta/e1 9 ! highe/ lab\rs ( art4 ,i h m5tion$ ta/e 9 dress1 :i* is c]ta9ly "o ( ! l[e/ subjects to :i* ?is ^w is appli$2 yet1 z ,i h be=e obs]v$1 !re is a "r ev5 "h1 h[ev] n>r[ its f\ndation1 respect+ ! fa%ion ( any p>ticul> nation4 ,b we h /ill m sl5d] means ( det]m9+ to :i* ( ! diff]5t cu/oms ( diff]5t ages or c\ntries we ought to give ! pref]5ce1 s9ce !y seem to be all equally remov$ f nature4 ,if an ,european1 :5 he has cut (f 8 be>d1 & put false hair on 8 head1 or b\nd up 8 own natural hair 9 regul> h>d knots1 z unlike nature z he c possibly make x2 & aft] hav+ r5d]$ !m immovable by ! help ( ! fat ( hogs1 has cov]$ ! :ole ) fl\r1 laid on by a ma*9e ) ! utmo/ regul>ity2 if1 :5 ?us attir$1 he issues =?1 & meets a ,*]okee ,indian1 :o has be/[$ z mu* "t at 8 toilet1 & laid on1 ) equal c>e & att5tion1 8 yell[ & r$ o*re on p>ticul> p>ts ( 8 =ehead or *eeks1 z he judges mo/ becom+2 :oev] ( ^! two despises ! o!r = ?is att5tion to ! fa%ion ( 8 c\ntry1 :i*ev] fir/ feels himself provok$ to laugh1 is ! b>b>ian4 ,all ^! fa%ions are v innoc5t2 nei!r wor? disquisition1 nor any endeav\r to alt] !m2 z ! *ange w\ld1 9 all probability1 be equally di/ant f nature4 ,! only circum/ance aga9/ :i* indignation may reasonably be mov$1 is1 :]e ! op]ation is pa9ful or de/ructive ( heal?2 su* z "s ( ! practices at ,otaheite1 & ! /rait-lac+ ( ! ,engli% ladies2 ( ! la/ ( :i* practices1 h[ de/ructive x mu/ be to heal? & long life ! pr(essor ( anatomy took an opportunity ( prov+ a few days s9ce 9 ?is ,academy4 ,x is 9 dress z 9 ?+s ( great] consequ5ce4 ,fa%ions orig9ate f ^? only :o h ! high & p[]ful advantages ( rank1 bir?1 & =tune4 ,_m ( ! ornam5ts ( art1 ^? at lea/ = :i* no reason c be giv51 are transmitt$ to u1 are adopt$1 & acquire _! consequ5ce f ! company 9 :i* we h be5 us$ to see !m4 ,z ,greece & ,rome are ! f\nta9s f :5ce h fl[$ all k9ds ( excell5ce1 to t v5]ation :i* !y h a "r to claim = ! pleasure & k :i* !y h af=d$ u we volunt>ily add our approbation ( e ornam5t & e cu/om t belong$ to !m1 ev5 to ! fa%ion ( _! dress4 ,= x may be obs]v$ t1 n satisfi$ ) !m 9 _! own place1 we make no difficulty ( dress+ /atues ( mod]n h]oes or s5ators 9 ! fa%ion ( ! ,roman arm\r or peaceful robe2 we g s f> z h>dly to be> a /atue 9 any o!r drap]y4 ,! figures ( ! great m5 ( ^? nations h come d[n to u 9 sculpture4 ,9 sculpture rema9 almo/ all ! excell5t specim5s ( anci5t art4 ,we h s f> associat$ p]sonal dignity to ! p]sons ?us repres5t$1 & ! tru? ( art to _! mann] ( repres5tation1 t x is n 9 our p[] any long] to sep>ate !m4 ,?is is n s 9 pa9t+2 because1 hav+ no excell5t anci5t portraits1 t connection 0 nev] =m$4 ,inde$1 we c\ld no m v5ture to pa9t a g5]al (fic] 9 a ,roman milit>y habit ?an we c\ld make a /atue 9 ! pres5t uni=m4 ,b s9ce we h no anci5t portraits1 to %[ h[ ready we are to adopt ^? k9d ( prejudices1 we make ! be/ au?ority among ! mod]ns s]ve ! same purpose4 ,! great v>iety ( excell5t portraits ) :i* ,v&yke has enri*$ ?is nation1 we are n cont5t to admire = _! real excell5ce1 b ext5d our approbation ev5 to ! dress :i* happ5$ to be ! fa%ion ( t age4 ,we all v well rememb] h[ common x 0 a few ye>s ago = portraits to be drawn 9 ?is fanta/ic dress2 & ?is cu/om is n yet entirely laid aside4 ,by ?is means x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ v ord9>y pictures acquir$ some?+ ( ! air & effect ( ! works ( ,v&yke1 & appe>$ !re=e at fir/ sight to be bett] pictures ?an !y really 72 !y appe>$ s1 h[ev]1 to ^? only :o _h ! means ( mak+ ?is association2 & :5 made1 x 0 irresi/ible4 ,b ?is association is nature1 & ref]s to t second>y tru? t comes f con=mity to g5]al prejudice & op9ion2 x is !re=e n m]ely fanta/ical4 ,besides ! prejudice :i* we h 9 fav\r ( anci5t dresses1 !re may be likewise o!r reasons = ! effect :i* !y produce2 among :i* we may ju/ly rank ! simplicity ( !m1 consi/+ ( little m ?an "o s+le piece ( drap]y1 )\t ^? :imsical caprici\s =ms by :i* all o!r dresses are emb>rass$4 ,?us1 ?\gh x is f ! prejudice we h 9 fav\r ( ! anci5ts1 :o h taught u ar*itecture1 t we h adopt$ likewise _! ornam5ts2 & ?\gh we are satisfi$ t nei!r nature nor reason are ! f\ndation ( ^? beauties :i* we imag9e we see 9 t art1 yet if any "o1 p]suad$ ( ?is tru?1 %\ld !re=e inv5t new ord]s ( equal beauty1 :i* we w suppose to be possible1 !y w\ld n please2 nor ought he to compla91 s9ce ! old has t great advantage ( hav+ cu/om & prejudice on its side4 ,9 ?is case we leave :at has e prejudice 9 its fav\r1 to take t :i* w h no advantage ov] :at we h left1 b novelty2 :i* soon de/roys itself1 & at any rate is b a weak antagoni/ aga9/ cu/om4 ,anci5t ornam5ts1 hav+ ! "r ( possession1 ought n to be remov$1 unless to make room = t :i* n only has high] pret5sions1 b su* pret5sions z w balance ! evil & confusion :i* innovation always br+s ) x4 ,to ?is we may add1 t ev5 ! durability ( ! mat]ials w (t5 contribute to give a sup]iority to "o object ov] ano!r4 ,ornam5ts 9 build+s1 ) :i* ta/e is pr9cipally conc]n$1 are compos$ ( mat]ials :i* la/ long] ?an ^? ( :i* dress is compos$2 ! =m]1 !re=e1 make high] pret5sions to our fav\r & prejudice4 ,"s att5tion is surely due to :at we c no m get rid ( ?an we c g out ( ourselves4 ,we are creatures ( prejudice2 we nei!r c nor ought to eradicate x2 we mu/ only regulate x by reason2 :i* k9d ( regulation is inde$ little m ?an oblig+ ! less]1 ! local & temporal prejudices1 to give way to ^? :i* are m durable & la/+4 ,he1 !re=e1 :o 9 8 practice ( portrait-pa9t+ wi%es to dignify 8 subject1 :i* we w suppose to be a lady1 w n pa9t h] 9 ! mod]n dress1 ! famili>ity ( :i* alone is suffici5t to de/roy all dignity4 ,he takes c>e t 8 "w %all correspond to ^? ideas & t imag9ation :i* he kn[s w regulate ! judgm5t ( o!rs2 &1 !re=e1 dresses 8 figure some?+ ) ! g5]al air ( ! antique = ! sake ( dignity1 & pres]ves some?+ ( ! mod]n = ! sake ( lik5ess4 ,by ?is conduct 8 works correspond ) ^? prejudices :i* we h 9 fav\r ( :at we cont9ually see2 & ! reli% ( ! antique simplicity corresponds ) :at we may call ! m le>n$ & sci5tific prejudice4 ,!re 0 a /atue made n long s9ce ( ,voltaire1 :i* ! sculptor1 n hav+ t respect = ! prejudices ( mank9d :i* he ought to h _h1 made entirely nak$1 & z meagre & emaciat$ z ! orig9al is said to be4 ,! consequ5ce 0 :at might h be5 expect$3 x rema9$ 9 ! sculptor's %op1 ?\gh x 0 int5d$ z a public ornam5t & a public hon\r to ,voltaire1 = x 0 procur$ at ! exp5se ( 8 contempor>y wits & admir]s4 ,:oev] w\ld re=m a nation1 suppos+ a bad ta/e to prevail 9 x1 w n accompli% 8 purpose by go+ directly aga9/ ! /ream ( _! prejudices4 ,m5's m9ds mu/ be prep>$ to receive :at is new to !m4 ,re=mation is a "w ( "t4 ,a national ta/e1 h[ev] wrong x may be1 _c be totally *ang$ at once2 we mu/ yield a little to ! prepossession :i* has tak5 hold on ! m9d1 & we may !n br+ p to adopt :at w\ld (f5d !m1 if endeav\r$ to be introduc$ by viol5ce4 ,:5 ,batti/a ,franco 0 employ$1 9 conjunction ) ,titian1 ,paul ,v]onese1 & ,t9toret1 to adorn ! libr>y ( ,/4 ,m>k1 8 "w1 ,vas>i says1 gave less satisfaction ?an any ( ! o!rs3 ! dry mann] ( ! ,roman s*ool 0 v ill calculat$ to please eyes t _h be5 accu/om$ to ! luxuriancy1 spl5d\r1 & ri*ness ( ,v5etian col\r+4 ,_h ! ,romans be5 ! judges ( ?is "w1 probably ! det]m9ation w\ld h be5 j contr>y2 = 9 ! m noble p>ts ( ! art ,batti/a ,franco 0 p]haps n inf]ior to any ( 8 rivals4 ,x has be5 ! ma9 scope & pr9cipal end ( ?is disc\rse to demon/rate ! reality ( a /&>d 9 ta/e1 z well z 9 corporeal beauty2 t a false or deprav$ ta/e is a ?+ z well kn[n1 z easily discov]$1 z any ?+ t is de=m$1 mis%ap51 or wrong 9 our =m or outw>d make2 & t ?is k is d]iv$ f ! uni=mity ( s5tim5ts among mank9d1 f :5ce proce$s ! k ( :at are ! g5]al habits ( nature2 ! result ( :i* is an idea ( p]fect beauty4 ,if :at has be5 advanc$ be true--t beside ?is beauty or tru?1 :i* is =m$ on ! uni=m1 et]nal1 & immutable laws ( nature1 & :i* ( necessity c be b "o2 t beside ?is "o immutable v]ity !re are likewise :at we h call$ app>5t or second>y tru?s1 proce$+ f local & tempor>y prejudices1 fancies1 fa%ions1 or accid5tal connection ( ideas2 if x appe>s t ^! la/ h /ill _! f\ndation1 h[ev] sl5d]1 9 ! orig9al fabric ( our m9ds2 x foll[s t all ^! tru?s or beauties des]ve & require ! att5tion ( ! arti/1 9 proportion to _! /ability or duration1 or z _! influ5ce is m or less ext5sive4 ,& let me add1 t z !y ought n to pass _! j b\nds1 s nei!r d !y1 9 a well-regulat$ ta/e1 at all prev5t or weak5 ! influ5ce ( ^? g5]al pr9ciples :i* alone c give to art its true & p]man5t dignity4 ,to =m ?is j ta/e is und\bt$ly 9 y\r own p[]1 b x is to reason & philosophy t y mu/ h rec\rse2 f !m y mu/ borr[ ! balance1 by :i* is to be weigh$ & e/imat$ ! value ( e pret5sion t intrudes itself on y\r notice4 ,! g5]al objection :i* is made to ! introduction ( ,philosophy into ! regions ( ta/e1 is1 t x *ecks & re/ra9s ! flights ( ! imag9ation1 & gives t timidity1 :i* an ov]-c>efulness n to err or act contr>y to reason is likely to produce4 ,x is n s4 ,fe> is nei!r reason nor philosophy4 ,! true _s ( philosophy1 by giv+ k1 gives a manly confid5ce1 & sub/itutes rational firmness 9 ! place ( va9 presumption4 ,a man ( real ta/e is always a man ( judgm5t 9 o!r respects2 & ^? inv5tions :i* ei!r disda9 or %r9k f reason are g5]ally1 ,i fe>1 m l ! dreams ( a di/emp]$ bra9 ?an ! exalt$ en?usiasm ( a s\nd & true g5ius4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! highe/ flights ( fancy or imag9ation1 reason ought to preside f fir/ to la/1 ?\gh ,i admit h] m p[]ful op]ation is ^u reflection4 ,let me add1 t "s ( ! greate/ names ( antiquity1 & ^? :o h mo/ di/+ui%$ !mselves 9 works ( g5ius & imag9ation1 7 equally em95t = _! critical skill4 ,plato1 ,ari/otle1 ,cic]o1 & ,horace2 & among ! mod]ns1 ,boileau1 ,corneille1 ,pope1 & ,dryd51 are at lea/ in/ances ( g5ius n be+ de/roy$ by att5tion or subjection to rules & sci5ce4 ,i %\ld hope1 !re=e1 t ! natural consequ5ce ( :at has be5 said w\ld be1 to excite 9 y a desire ( kn[+ ! pr9ciples & conduct ( ! great ma/]s ( our art1 & respect & v5]ation = !m :5 kn[n4 ,,footnotes3 #e3 ,dr4 ,goldsmi?4 #f3 ,nulla ars1 non alt]ius artis1 aut mat]1 aut pop9qua e/4--,,t]tull z cit$ by ,,junius4 #g3 ,omnes artes qu ad humanitatem p]t95t1 hab5t quoddam commune v9culum1 et quasi cognatione int] se cont95tur4--,,cic]o4 #h3 ,put (f ?y %oes f (f ?y feet1 = ! place :]eon ?\ /&e/ is holy gr\nd4--,,exodus iii4 #e4 ,,disc\rse ,,viii4 ,deliv]$ to ! ,/ud5ts ( ! ,royal ,academy1 on ! ,di/ribution ( ! ,prizes1 ,decemb] #aj1 #aggh4 ,,! ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,art1 ,,:e!r ,,poetry ,,or ,,pa9t+1 ,,h ,,_! ,,f\ndation ,,9 ,,! ,,m9d2 ,,su* ,,z ,,novelty1 ,,v>iety1 ,,& ,,contra/2 ,,^! ,,9 ,,_! ,,excess ,,become ,,defects4--,,simplicity1 ,,its ,,excess ,,disagreeable4--,,rules ,,n ,,to ,,be ,,always ,,obs]v$ ,,9 ,,_! ,,lit]al ,,s5se3 ,,suffici5t ,,to ,,pres]ve ,,! ,,_s ,,( ,,! ,,law4--,,obs]vations ,,on ,,! ,,prize ,,pictures4 ,i h recomm5d$ 9 =m]#i disc\rses t ,arti/s %\ld le>n _! pr(ession by endeav\r+ to =m an idea ( p]fection f ! diff]5t excell5cies :i* lie disp]s$ 9 ! v>i\s s*ools ( pa9t+4 ,"s difficulty w /ill occur1 to "k :at is beauty1 & :]e x may be f\nd3 "o w\ld wi% n to be oblig$ to take x entirely on ! cr$it ( fame2 ?\gh to ?is1 ,i ackn[l$ge1 ! y\ng] /ud5ts mu/ unavoidably submit4 ,any suspicion 9 !m ( ! *ance ( _! be+ deceiv$ w h m t5d5cy to ob/ruct _! advancem5t ?an ev5 an en?usia/ic confid5ce 9 ! p]fection ( _! models4 ,b to ! m advanc$ 9 ! art1 :o wi% to /& on m /able & firm] gr\nd1 & to e/abli% pr9ciples on a /rong] f\ndation ?an au?ority1 h[ev] v5]able or p[]ful1 x may be safely told t !re is /ill a high] tribunal1 to :i* ^? great ma/]s !mselves mu/ submit1 & to :i*1 inde$1 e excell5ce 9 art mu/ be ultimately ref]r$4 ,he :o is ambiti\s to enl>ge ! b\nd>ies ( 8 art1 mu/ ext5d 8 views beyond ! precepts :i* are f\nd 9 books or may be drawn f ! practice ( 8 pr$ecessors1 to a k ( ^? precepts 9 ! m9d1 ^? op]ations ( intellectual nature--to :i* ev]y?+ t aspires to please mu/ be proportion$ & accommodat$4 ,poetry hav+ a m ext5sive p[] ?an our art1 ex]ts its influ5ce ov] almo/ all ! passions2 among ^? may be reckon$ "o ( our mo/ preval5t dispositions--anxiety = ! future4 ,poetry op]ates by rais+ our curiosity1 engag+ ! m9d by degrees to take an int]e/ 9 ! ev5t1 keep+ t ev5t susp5d$1 & surpris+ at la/ ) an unexpect$ cata/rophe4 ,! pa9t]'s art is m conf9$1 & has no?+ t corresponds )1 or p]haps is equival5t to1 ?is p[] & advantage ( lead+ ! m9d on1 till att5tion is totally engag$4 ,:at is done by ,pa9t+ mu/ be done at "o bl[2 curiosity has receiv$ at once all ! satisfaction x c ev] h4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 o!r intellectual qualities & dispositions :i* ! ,pa9t] c satisfy & affect z p[]fully z ! poet3 among ^? we may reckon our love ( novelty1 v>iety1 & contra/2 ^! qualities1 on exam9ation1 w be f\nd to ref] to a c]ta9 activity & re/lessness :i* has a pleasure & delight 9 be+ ex]cis$ & put 9 motion4 ,art1 !re=e1 only adm9i/]s to ^? wants & desires ( ! m9d4 ,x requires no long disquisition to %[ t ! dispositions :i* ,i h /at$ actually subsi/ 9 ! human m9d4 ,v>iety reanimates ! att5tion1 :i* is apt to langui% "u a cont9ual sam5ess4 ,novelty makes a m =cible impression on ! m9d ?an c be made by ! repres5tation ( :at we h (t5 se5 be=e2 & contra/s r\se ! p[] ( comp>ison by opposition4 ,all ?is is obvi\s2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 x mu/ be rememb]$1 t ! m9d1 ?\gh an active pr9ciple1 has likewise a disposition to indol5ce2 & ?\gh x loves ex]cise1 loves x only to a c]ta9 degree1 beyond :i* x is v unwill+ to be l$ or driv52 ! pursuit1 !re=e1 ( novelty & v>iety may be c>ri$ to excess4 ,:5 v>iety entirely de/roys ! pleasure proce$+ f uni=mity & repetition1 & :5 novelty c\nt]acts & %uts out ! pleasure aris+ f old habits & cu/oms1 !y oppose too mu* ! indol5ce ( our disposition2 ! m9d1 !re=e1 c be> ) pleasure b a small portion ( novelty at a "t4 ,! ma9 "p ( ! "w mu/ be 9 ! mode to :i* we h be5 us$4 ,an affection to old habits & cu/oms ,i take to be ! pr$om9ant disposition ( ! m9d1 & novelty comes z an exception2 :]e all is novelty1 ! att5tion1 ! ex]cise ( ! m9d is too viol5t4 ,contra/1 9 ! same mann]1 :5 x exce$s c]ta9 limits1 is z disagreeable z a viol5t & p]petual opposition2 x gives to ! s5ses1 9 _! progress1 a m sudd5 *ange ?an !y c be> ) pleasure4 ,x is !n app>5t1 t ^? qualities1 h[ev] !y contribute to ! p]fection ( ,art1 :5 kept )9 c]ta9 b\nds1 if !y are c>ri$ to excess1 become defects1 & require correction3 a "w consequ5tly w n proce$ bett] & bett] z x is m v>i$2 v>iety c nev] be ! gr\ndwork & pr9ciple ( ! p]=mance--x mu/ be only employ$ to recreate & relieve4 ,to apply ^! g5]al obs]vations :i* belong equally to all arts1 to ours 9 p>ticul>4 ,9 a composition1 :5 ! objects are scatt]$ & divid$ into _m equal p>ts1 ! eye is p]plex$ & fatigu$1 f n kn[+ :]e to f9d ! pr9cipal action1 or :i* is ! pr9cipal figure2 = :]e all are mak+ equal pret5sions to notice1 all are 9 equal dang] ( neglect4 ,! expression :i* is us$ v (t5 on ^! occasions is1 ! piece wants repose2 a ^w :i* p]fectly expresses a relief ( ! m9d f t /ate ( hurry & anxiety :i* x suff]s :5 look+ at a "w ( ?is "*4 ,on ! o!r h&1 absolute unity--t is1 a l>ge "w1 consi/+ ( "o gr\p or mass ( light only--w\ld be z defective z an h]oic poem )\t episode1 or any collat]al incid5ts to recreate ! m9d ) t v>iety :i* x always requires4 ,an in/ance occurs to me ( two pa9t]s 7,rembr&t & ,p\ss971 ( *>act]s totally opposite to ea* o!r 9 e respect1 b 9 no?+ m ?an 9 _! mode ( composition1 & managem5t ( light & %ad[4 ,rembr&t's mann] is absolute unity2 he (t5 has b "o gr\p1 & exhibits little m ?an "o spot ( light 9 ! mid/ ( a l>ge quantity ( %ad[3 if he has a second mass1 t second be>s no proportion to ! pr9cipal4 ,p\ss91 on ! contr>y1 has sc>ce any pr9cipal mass ( light at all1 & 8 figures are (t5 too mu* disp]s$1 )\t suffici5t att5tion to place !m 9 gr\ps4 ,! conduct ( ^! two pa9t]s is entirely ! rev]se ( :at might be expect$ f _! g5]al /yle & "*2 ! works ( ,p\ss9 be+ z mu* di/+ui%$ = simplicity z ^? ( ,rembr&t = comb9ation4 ,ev5 ?is conduct ( ,p\ss9 might proce$ f too great an affection to simplicity ( ano!r k9d2 too great a desire to avoid t o/5tation ( art1 ) reg>d to light & %ad[1 on :i* ,rembr&t s mu* wi%$ to draw ! att5tion2 h[ev]1 ea* ( !m ran into contr>y extremes1 & x is difficult to det]m9e :i* is ! mo/ repreh5sible1 bo? be+ equally di/ant f ! dem&s ( nature & ! purposes ( art4 ,! same j mod]ation mu/ be obs]v$ 9 reg>d to ornam5ts2 no?+ w contribute m to de/roy repose ?an pr(usion1 ( :atev] k9d1 :e!r x consi/s 9 ! multiplicity ( objects1 or ! v>iety & brightness ( col\rs4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a "w )\t ornam5t1 in/ead ( simplicity1 to :i* x makes pret5sions1 has r ! appe>ance ( pov]ty4 ,! degree to :i* ornam5ts are admissible mu/ be regulat$ by ! pr(ess$ /yle ( ! "w2 b we may be sure ( ?is tru?1--t ! mo/ ornam5tal /yle requires repose to set (f ev5 its ornam5ts to advantage4 ,i _c avoid m5tion+ "h an in/ance ( repose1 9 t fai?ful & accurate pa9t] ( nature1 ,%akespe>e--! %ort dialogue betwe5 ,duncan & ,banquo1 :il/ !y are approa*+ ! gates ( ,macbe?'s ca/le4 ,_! conv]sation v naturally turns ^u ! beauty ( its situation1 & ! pleasantness ( ! air2 & ,banquo1 obs]v+ ! m>tlets' ne/s 9 e recess ( ! cornice1 rem>ks1 t :]e ^? birds mo/ bre$ & haunt ! air is delicate4 ,! subject ( ?is quiet & easy conv]sation gives t repose s necess>y to ! m9d1 aft] ! tumultu\s bu/le ( ! prec$+ sc5es1 & p]fectly contra/s ! sc5e ( horror t imm$iately succe$s4 ,x seems z if ,%akespe>e ask$ himself1 ,:at is a pr9ce likely to say to 8 att5dants on su* an occasion8 ,! mod]n writ]s seem1 on ! contr>y1 to be always se>*+ = new ?\ghts1 su* z nev] c\ld occur to man 9 ! situation repres5t$4 ,?is is also frequ5tly ! practice ( ,hom]1 :o f ! mid/ ( battles & horrors relieves & refre%es ! m9d ( ! read]1 by introduc+ "s quiet rural image1 or picture ( famili> dome/ic life4 ,! writ]s ( e age & c\ntry1 :]e ta/e has begun to decl9e1 pa9t & adorn e object !y t\*2 are always on ! /ret*2 nev] deviate or s9k a mom5t f ! pomp\s & ! brilliant4 ,lucan1 ,/atius1 & ,claudian 7z a le>n$ critic has obs]v$7 are examples ( ?is bad ta/e & want ( judgm5t2 !y nev] s(t5 _! tones1 or condesc5d to be natural2 all is exagg]ation & p]petual spl5d\r1 )\t af=d+ repose ( any k9d4 ,z we are speak+ ( excesses1 x w n be remote f our purpose to say a few words ^u simplicity2 :i*1 9 "o ( ! s5ses 9 :i* x is us$1 is consid]$ z ! g5]al corrector ( excess4 ,we %all at pres5t =be> to consid] x z imply+ t exact conduct :i* proce$s f an intimate k ( simple unadult]at$ nature1 z x is !n only ano!r ^w = p]fection1 :i* nei!r /ops %ort (1 nor ov]/eps reality & tru?4 ,9 our inquiry aft] simplicity1 z 9 _m o!r inquiries ( ?is nature1 we c be/ expla9 :at is "r by %[+ :at is wrong2 &1 inde$1 9 ?is case x seems to be absolutely necess>y2 simplicity be+ only a negative virtue1 _c be describ$ or def9$4 ,we mu/ !re=e expla9 its nature1 & %[ ! advantage & beauty :i* is d]iv$ f x1 by %[+ ! de=mity :i* proce$s f its neglect4 ,?\gh in/ances ( ?is neglect might be expect$ to be f\nd 9 practice1 we %\ld n expect to f9d 9 ! works ( critics precepts t bid defiance to simplicity & ev]y?+ t relates to x4 ,de ,piles recomm5ds to u portrait-pa9t]s1 to add grace & dignity to ! *>act]s ( ^? ^: pictures we draw3 s f> he is und\bt$ly "r2 b1 unluckily1 he desc5ds to p>ticul>s1 & gives 8 own idea ( grace & dignity4 ,if1 says he1 y draw p]sons ( high "* & dignity1 !y ought to be drawn 9 su* an attitude t ! ,portraits mu/ seem to speak to u ( !mselves1 &1 z x 71 to say to u1 ',/op1 take notice ( me1 ,i am t inv9cible ,k+1 surr\nd$ by ,maje/y3' ',i am t valiant comm&]1 :o /ruck t]ror ev]y:]e3' ',i am t great m9i/]1 :o knew all ! spr+s ( politics3' ',i am t magi/rate ( consummate wisdom & probity4' ,he goes on 9 ?is mann] ) all ! *>act]s he c ?9k on4 ,we may contra/ ! tum\r ( ?is presumptu\s l(t9ess ) ! natural1 unaffect$ air ( ! portraits ( ,titian1 :]e dignity1 seem+ to be natural & inh]5t1 draws spontane\s rev]5ce1 & in/ead ( be+ ?us va9ly assum$1 has ! appe>ance ( an unali5able adjunct2 :]eas su* pomp\s & lab\r$ insol5ce ( gr&eur is s f> f creat+ respect1 t x betrays vulg>ity & meanness1 & new-acquir$ consequ5ce4 ,! pa9t]s1 _m ( !m at lea/1 h n be5 backw>d 9 adopt+ ! notions conta9$ 9 ^! precepts4 ,! portraits ( ,rigaud are p]fect examples ( an implicit obs]vance ( ^! rules ( ,de ,piles2 s t ?\gh he 0 a pa9t] ( great m]it 9 _m respects1 yet t m]it is entirely ov]p[]$ by a total abs5ce ( simplicity 9 e s5se4 ,n to multiply in/ances1 :i* might be produc$ = ?is purpose1 f ! works ( hi/ory-pa9t]s1 ,i %all m5tion only "o1--a picture :i* ,i h se51 ( ! ,supreme ,be+1 by ,coypell4 ,?is subject ! ,roman ,ca?olic pa9t]s h tak5 ! lib]ty to repres5t1 h[ev] indec5t ! attempt1 & h[ev] obvi\s ! impossibility ( any approa* to an adequate repres5tation2 b "h ! air & "* :i* ! ,pa9t] has giv51 & he has d\btless giv5 ! highe/ he c\ld conceive1 are s degrad$ by an attempt at su* dignity z ,de ,piles has recomm5d$1 t we are enrag$ at ! folly & presumption ( ! arti/1 & consid] x z little less ?an pr(anation4 ,z we h pass$ to a neighb\r+ nation = in/ances ( want ( ?is quality1 we mu/ ackn[l$ge at ! same "t t !y h produc$ great examples ( simplicity1 9 ,p\ss9 & ,le ,sueur4 ,b z we are speak+ ( ! mo/ ref9$ & subtle notion ( p]fection1 may we n inquire1 :e!r a curi\s eye _c disc]n "s faults1 ev5 9 ^? great m58 ,i c fancy t ev5 ,p\ss91 by abhorr+ t affectation & t want ( simplicity :i* he obs]v$ 9 8 c\ntrym51 has1 9 c]ta9 p>ticul>s1 fall5 into ! contr>y extreme1 s f> z to approa* to a k9d ( affectation3--to :at1 9 writ+1 w\ld be call$ p$antry4 ,:5 simplicity1 in/ead ( be+ a corrector1 seems to set up = h]self2 t is1 :5 an arti/ seems to value himself solely ^u ?is quality2 su* an o/5tati\s display ( simplicity becomes !n z disagreeable & nause\s z any o!r k9d ( affectation4 ,he is1 h[ev]1 9 ?is case likely en\gh to sit d[n cont5t$ ) 8 own "w1 = ?\gh he f9ds ! _w look at x ) indiff]5ce or dislike1 z be+ de/itute ( e quality t c recreate or give pleasure to ! m9d1 yet he consoles himself t x has simplicity1 a beauty ( too pure & *a/e a nature to be reli%$ by vulg> m9ds4 ,x is 9 art z 9 morals2 no "* w\ld inspire u ) an en?usia/ic admiration ( 8 virtue1 if t virtue consi/$ only 9 an abs5ce ( vice2 some?+ m is requir$2 a man mu/ d m ?an m]ely 8 duty to be a h]o4 ,^? works ( ! anci5ts1 :i* are 9 ! highe/ e/eem1 h some?+ beside m]e simplicity to recomm5d !m4 ,! ,apollo1 ! ,v5us1 ! ,laocoon1 ! ,gladiator1 h a c]ta9 composition ( action1 h contra/s suffici5t to give grace & en]gy 9 a high degree2 b x mu/ be confess$ ( ! _m ?\s& antique /atues :i* we h1 t _! g5]al *>act]i/ic is bord]+ at lea/ on inanimate insipidity4 ,simplicity1 :5 s v in>tificial z to seem to evade ! difficulties ( art1 is a v suspici\s virtue4 ,i d n1 h[ev]1 wi% to degrade simplicity f ! high e/imation 9 :i* x has be5 ev] ju/ly held4 ,x is our b>ri] aga9/ t great enemy to tru? & nature1 ,affectation1 :i* is ev] cl++ to ! p5cil1 & ready to drop 9 & poison ev]y?+ x t\*es4 ,our love & affection to simplicity proce$s 9 a great measure f our av]sion to e k9d ( affectation4 ,!re is likewise ano!r reason :y s mu* /ress is laid ^u ?is virtue2 ! prop5sity :i* arti/s h to fall into ! contr>y extreme3 we !re=e set a gu>d on t side :i* is mo/ assailable4 ,:5 a "y arti/ is fir/ told t 8 composition & 8 attitudes mu/ be contra/$1 t he mu/ turn ! head contr>y to ! position ( ! body1 9 ord] to produce grace & animation2 t 8 outl9e mu/ be undulat+1 & swell+1 to give gr&eur2 & t ! eye mu/ be gratifi$ ) a v>iety ( col\rs2 :5 he is told ?is1 ) c]ta9 animat+ words ( ,_s1 ,dignity1 ,en]gy1 ,grace1 greatness ( ,/yle1 & brilliancy ( ,t9ts1 he becomes sudd5ly va9 ( 8 newly-acquir$ k1 & nev] ?9ks he c c>ry ^? rules too f>4 ,x is !n t ! aid ( simplicity ought to be call$ 9 to correct ! exub]ance ( y\?ful ard\r4 ,! same may be said 9 reg>d to col\r+1 :i* 9 its pre-em95ce is p>ticul>ly appli$ to fle%4 ,an arti/1 9 8 fir/ essay ( imitat+ nature1 w\ld make ! :ole mass ( "o col\r1 z ! olde/ pa9t]s did2 till he is taught to obs]ve n only ! v>iety ( t9ts1 :i* are 9 ! object itself1 b ! diff]5ces produc$ by ! gradual decl9e ( light to %ad[2 he !n imm$iately puts 8 in/ruction 9 practice1 & introduces a v>iety ( di/9ct col\rs4 ,he mu/ !n be aga9 correct$ & told1 t ?\gh !re is ?is v>iety1 yet ! effect ( ! :ole ^u ! eye mu/ h ! union & simplicity ( ! col\r+ ( nature4 ,& "h we may obs]ve t ! progress ( an individual ,/ud5t be>s a great resemblance to ! progress & advancem5t ( ! ,art itself4 ,want ( simplicity w\ld probably be n "o ( ! defects ( an arti/ :o _h /udi$ nature only1 z x 0 n ( ! old ma/]s1 :o liv$ 9 ! "t prec$+ ! great ,art ( ,pa9t+2 on ! contr>y1 _! works are too simple & too in>tificial4 ,! ,art 9 its infancy1 l ! fir/ "w ( a ,/ud5t1 0 dry1 h>d1 & simple4 ,b ?is k9d ( b>b>\s simplicity w\ld be bett] nam$ ,p5ury1 z x proce$s f m]e want--f want ( k1 want ( res\rces1 want ( abilities to be o!rwise2 _! simplicity 0 ! (fspr+1 n ( *oice1 b necessity4 ,9 ! second /age !y 7 s5sible ( ?is pov]ty2 & ^? :o 7 ! mo/ s5sible ( ! want 7 ! be/ judges ( ! measure ( ! supply4 ,!re 7 pa9t]s :o em]g$ f pov]ty )\t fall+ into luxury4 ,_! success induc$ o!rs1 :o probably nev] w\ld ( !mselves h _h /r5g? ( m9d to discov] ! orig9al defect1 to endeav\r at ! rem$y by an abuse2 & !y ran into ! contr>y extreme4 ,b h[ev] !y may h /ray$1 we _c recomm5d to !m to return to t simplicity :i* !y h ju/ly quitt$2 b to deal out _! abundance ) a m sp>+ h&1 ) t dignity :i* makes no p>ade1 ei!r ( its ri*es or ( its art4 ,x is n easy to give a rule :i* may s]ve to fix ?is j & correct m$ium2 because1 :5 we may h fix$1 or ne>ly fix$1 ! middle po9t1 tak5 z a g5]al pr9ciple1 circum/ances may oblige u to dep>t f x1 ei!r on ! side ( ,simplicity1 or on t ( ,v>iety & ,decoration4 ,i ?\ght x necess>y 9 a =m] disc\rse1 speak+ ( ! diff]5ce ( ! sublime & ornam5tal /yle ( pa9t+--9 ord] to excite y\r att5tion to ! m manly1 noble1 & dignifi$ mann]--to leave p]haps an impression too contemptu\s ( ^? ornam5tal p>ts ( our ,art1 = :i* _m h valu$ !mselves1 & _m works are mu* valu$ & e/eem$4 ,i said !n :at ,i ?\ght x 0 "r at t "t to say2 ,i suppos$ ! disposition ( "y m5 m incl9able to spl5did neglig5ce ?an p]sev]ance 9 labori\s application to acquire correctness3 & !re=e did z we d 9 mak+ :at is crook$ /raight1 by b5d+ x ! contr>y way1 9 ord] t x may rema9 /raight at la/4 ,= ?is purpose1 !n1 & to correct excess or neglect ( any k9d1 we may "h add1 t x is n en\gh t a "w be le>n$2 x mu/ be pleas+2 ! pa9t] mu/ add grace to /r5g?1 if he desires to secure ! fir/ impression 9 8 fav\r4 ,our ta/e has a k9d ( s5suality ab\t x1 z well z a love ( ! sublime2 bo? ^! qualities ( ! m9d are to h _! prop] consequ5ce1 z f> z !y d n c\nt]act ea* o!r2 = t is ! gr& error :i* mu* c>e ought to be tak5 to avoid4 ,!re are "s rules1 ^: absolute au?ority1 l t ( our nurses1 cont9ues no long] ?an :ile we are 9 a /ate ( *ildhood4 ,"o ( ! fir/ rules1 = in/ance1 t ,i believe e ma/] w\ld give to a "y pupil1 respect+ 8 conduct & managem5t ( light & %ad[1 w\ld be :at ,lion>do da ,v9ci has actually giv52 t y mu/ oppose a light gr\nd to ! %ad[$ side ( y\r figure1 & a d>k gr\nd to ! light side4 ,if ,lion>do _h liv$ to see ! sup]ior spl5d\r & effect :i* has be5 s9ce produc$ by ! exactly contr>y conduct--by jo9+ light to light & %ad[ to %ad[--?\gh )\t d\bt he w\ld h admir$ x1 yet1 z x ought n1 s probably x w\ld n be ! fir/ rule ) :i* he w\ld h begun 8 in/ructions4 ,aga92 9 ! artificial managem5t ( ! figures1 x is direct$ t !y %all contra/ ea* o!r accord+ to ! rules g5]ally giv52 t if "o figure opposes 8 front to ! spectator1 ! next figure is to h 8 back turn$1 & t ! limbs ( ea* individual figure be contra/$2 t is1 if ! "r leg be put =w>d1 ! "r arm is to be drawn back4 ,x is v prop] t ^? rules %\ld be giv5 9 ! ,academy2 x is prop] ! "y /ud5ts %\ld be in=m$ t "s rese>* is to be made1 & t !y %\ld be habituat$ to consid] e excell5ce z r$ucible to pr9ciples4 ,besides1 x is ! natural progress ( in/ruction to tea* fir/ :at is obvi\s & p]ceptible to ! s5ses1 & f h5ce proce$ gradually to notions l>ge1 lib]al1 & complete1 su* z comprise ! m ref9$ & high] excell5cies 9 ,art4 ,b :5 /ud5ts are m advanc$1 !y w f9d t ! greate/ beauties ( "* & expression are produc$ )\t contra/2 nay m1 t ?is contra/ w\ld ru9 & de/roy t natural en]gy ( m5 engag$ 9 real action1 unsolicit\s ( grace4 ,/4 ,paul prea*+ at ,a!ns1 9 "o ( ! ,c>toons1 f> f any affect$ academical contra/ ( limbs1 /&s equally on bo? legs1 & bo? h&s are 9 ! same attitude3 add contra/1 & ! :ole en]gy & unaffect$ grace ( ! figure is de/roy$4 ,elymas ! sorc]] /ret*es bo? h&s =w>d 9 ! same direction1 :i* gives p]fectly ! expression int5d$4 ,inde$1 y nev] w f9d 9 ! works ( ,raffaelle any ( ^? s*ool-boy affect$ contra/s4 ,:atev] contra/ !re is1 appe>s )\t any seem+ ag5cy ( art1 by ! natural *ance ( ?+s4 ,:at has be5 said ( ! evil ( excesses ( all k9ds1 :e!r ( simplicity1 v>iety1 or contra/1 naturally sugge/s to ! pa9t] ! necessity ( a g5]al inquiry into ! true mean+ & cause ( rules1 & h[ !y op]ate on ^? faculties to :i* !y are address$3 by kn[+ _! g5]al purpose & mean+ he w (t5 f9d t he ne$ n conf9e himself to ! lit]al s5se2 x w be suffici5t if he pres]ve ! _s ( ! law4 ,critical rem>ks are n always und]/ood )\t examples3 x may n be improp]1 !re=e1 to give in/ances :]e ! rule itself1 ?\gh g5]ally receiv$1 is false1 or :]e a n>r[ conception ( x may lead ! arti/s into great errors4 ,x is giv5 z a rule by ,fresnoy1 ,t ! pr9cipal figure ( a subject mu/ appe> 9 ! mid/ ( ! picture1 "u ! pr9cipal light1 to di/+ui% x f ! re/4 ,a pa9t] :o %\ld ?9k himself oblig$ secretly to foll[ ?is rule1 w\ld encumb] himself ) ne$less difficulties2 he w\ld be conf9$ to great uni=mity ( composition1 & be depriv$ ( _m beauties :i* are incompatible ) its obs]vance4 ,! mean+ ( ?is rule ext5ds1 or ought to ext5d1 no fur!r ?an ?is3--,t ! pr9cipal figure %\ld be imm$iately di/+ui%$ at ! fir/ glance ( ! eye2 b !re is no necessity t ! pr9cipal light %\ld fall on ! pr9cipal figure1 or t ! pr9cipal figure %\ld be 9 ! middle ( ! picture4 ,x is suffici5t t x be di/+ui%$ by its place1 or by ! att5tion ( o!r figures po9t+ x out to ! spectator4 ,s f> is ?is rule f be+ indisp5sable1 t x is v seldom practis$2 o!r consid]ations ( great] consequ5ce (t5 /&+ 9 ! way4 ,examples 9 opposition to ?is rule are f\nd 9 ! ,c>toons1 9 ,*ri/'s ,*>ge to ,pet]1 ! ,prea*+ ( ,/4 ,paul1 & ,elymas ! ,sorc]]1 :o is und\bt$ly ! pr9cipal object 9 t picture4 ,9 none ( ^? compositions is ! pr9cipal figure 9 ! mid/ ( ! picture4 ,9 ! v admirable composition ( ! ,t5t ( ,d>ius1 by ,le ,brun1 ,alex&] is n 9 ! middle ( ! picture1 nor does ! pr9cipal light fall on him2 b ! att5tion ( all ! o!r figures imm$iately di/+ui%es him1 & di/+ui%es him m prop]ly2 ! greate/ light falls on ! daught] ( ,d>ius1 :o is 9 ! middle ( ! picture1 :]e x is m necess>y ! pr9cipal light %\ld be plac$4 ,x is v extraord9>y t ,felibi51 :o has giv5 a v m9ute description ( ?is picture1 b inde$ su* a description z may be call$ r panegyric ?an criticism1 ?9k+ x necess>y 7accord+ to ! precept ( ,fresnoy7 t ,alex&] %\ld possess ! pr9cipal light1 has accord+ly giv5 x to him2 he might ) equal tru? h said t he 0 plac$ 9 ! middle ( ! picture1 z he seem$ resolv$ to give ?is piece e k9d ( excell5ce :i* he conceiv$ to be necess>y to p]fection4 ,8 g5]osity is "h unluckily misappli$1 z x w\ld h de/roy$1 9 a great measure1 ! beauty ( ! composition4 ,ano!r in/ance occurs to me1 :]e equal lib]ty may be tak51 9 reg>d to ! managem5t ( light4 ,?\gh ! g5]al practice is1 to make a l>ge mass ab\t ! middle ( ! picture surr\nd$ by %ad[1 ! rev]se may be practis$1 & ! _s ( ! rule may /ill be pres]v$4 ,examples ( ?is pr9ciple rev]s$ may be f\nd v frequ5tly 9 ! works ( ! ,v5etian ,s*ool4 ,9 ! great composition ( ,paul ,v]onese1 ,,! ,,m>riage ,,at ,,cana1 ! figures are1 = ! mo/ "p1 9 half %ad[2 ! great light is 9 ! sky2 &1 inde$1 ! g5]al effect ( ?is picture1 :i* is s /rik+1 is no m ?an :at we (t5 see 9 l&scapes1 9 small pictures ( fairs & c\ntry fea/s2 b ^? pr9ciples ( light & %ad[1 be+ transf]r$ to a l>ge scale1 to a space conta9+ ne> a hundr$ figures z l>ge z life1 & conduct$ to all appe>ance ) z mu* facility1 & ) an att5tion z /eadily fix$ ^u ! :ole toge!r1 z if x 7 a small picture imm$iately "u ! eye1 ! "w ju/ly excites our admiration2 ! difficulty be+ increas$ z ! ext5t is enl>g$4 ,! v>i\s modes ( composition are inf9ite2 sometimes x %all consi/ ( "o l>ge gr\p 9 ! middle ( ! picture1 & ! small] gr\ps on ea* side2 or a pla9 space 9 ! middle1 & ! gr\ps ( figures rank$ r\nd ?is vacuity4 ,:e!r ?is pr9cipal broad light be 9 ! middle space ( gr\nd1 z 9 ,,! ,,s*ool ,,( ,,a!ns2 or 9 ! sky1 z 9 ,,! ,,m>riage ,,at ,,cana1 9 ,,! ,,&rom$a1 & 9 mo/ ( ! pictures ( ,paul ,v]onese2 or :e!r ! light be on ! gr\ps2 :atev] mode ( composition is adopt$1 e v>iety & lic5se is all[able3 ?is only is indisputably necess>y1 t to prev5t ! eye f be+ di/ract$ & confus$ by a multiplicity ( objects ( equal magnitude1 ^? objects1 :e!r !y consi/ ( lights1 %ad[s1 or figures1 mu/ be dispos$ 9 l>ge masses & gr\ps prop]ly v>i$ & contra/$2 t to a c]ta9 quantity ( action a proportion$ space ( pla9 gr\nd is requir$2 t light is to be support$ by suffici5t %ad[2 & we may add1 t a c]ta9 quantity ( cold col\rs is necess>y to give value & lu/re to ! w>m col\rs3 :at ^? proportions are _c be s well le>nt by precept z by obs]vation on pictures1 & 9 ?is k bad pictures w in/ruct z well z good4 ,our inquiry :y pictures h a bad effect may be z advantage\s z ! inquiry :y !y h a good effect2 ea* w corroborate ! pr9ciples t are sugge/$ by ! o!r4 ,?\gh x is n my bus9ess to ent] into ! detail ( our ,art1 yet ,i mu/ take ?is opportunity ( m5tion+ "o ( ! means ( produc+ t great effect :i* we obs]ve 9 ! works ( ! ,v5etian pa9t]s1 z ,i ?9k x is n g5]ally kn[n or obs]v$4 ,x ought1 9 my op9ion1 to be indisp5sably obs]v$1 t ! masses ( light 9 a picture be always ( a w>m mell[ col\r1 yell[1 r$1 or a yell[i%-:ite2 & t ! blue1 ! grey1 or ! gre5 col\rs be kept almo/ entirely out ( ^! masses1 & be us$ only to support & set (f ^! w>m col\rs2 & = ?is purpose1 a small portion ( cold col\rs w be suffici5t4 ,let ?is conduct be res]v$2 let ! light be cold1 & ! surr\nd+ col\rs w>m1 z we (t5 see 9 ! works ( ! ,roman & ,flor5t9e pa9t]s1 & x w be out ( ! p[] ( art1 ev5 9 ! h&s ( ,rub5s or ,titian1 to make a picture spl5did & h>moni\s4 ,le ,brun & ,c>lo ,m>atti 7 two pa9t]s ( great m]it1 & p>ticul>ly :at may be call$ ,academical ,m]it1 b 7 bo? defici5t 9 ?is managem5t ( col\rs2 ! want ( obs]v+ ?is rule is "o ( ! causes ( t heav9ess ( effect :i* is s obs]vable 9 _! works4 ,! pr9cipal light 9 ! ,picture ( ,le ,brun1 :i* ,i j n[ m5tion$1 falls on ,/atira1 :o is dress$ v injudici\sly 9 a pale blue drap]y3 x is true1 he has height5$ ?is blue ) gold1 b t is n en\gh2 ! :ole picture has a heavy air1 & by no means answ]s ! expectations rais$ by ! pr9t4 ,p\ss9 (t5 made a spot ( blue drap]y1 :5 ! g5]al hue ( ! picture 0 incl9able to br[n or yell[2 :i* %[s suffici5tly t h>mony ( col\r+ 0 n a "p ( ! art t _h mu* engag$ ! att5tion ( t great pa9t]4 ,! conduct ( ,titian 9 ! picture ( ,,bac*us ,,& ,,ariadne has be5 mu* celebrat$1 & ju/ly1 = ! h>mony ( col\r+4 ,to ,ariadne is giv5 7say ! critics7 a r$ sc>f1 to relieve ! figure f ! sea1 :i* is beh9d h]4 ,x is n = t reason alone1 b = ano!r ( mu* great] consequ5ce2 = ! sake ( ! g5]al h>mony & effect ( ! picture4 ,! figure ( ,ariadne is sep>at$ f ! great gr\p1 & is dress$ 9 blue1 :i*1 add$ to ! col\r ( ! sea1 makes t quantity ( cold col\r :i* ,titian ?\ght necess>y = ! support & brilliancy ( ! great gr\p2 :i* gr\p is compos$1 ) v little exception1 entirely ( mell[ col\rs4 ,b z ! picture 9 ?is case w\ld be divid$ into two di/9ct p>ts1 "o half cold1 & ! o!r w>m1 x 0 necess>y to c>ry "s ( ! mell[ col\rs ( ! great gr\p into ! cold "p ( ! picture1 & a "p ( ! cold into ! great gr\p2 accord+ly1 ,titian gave ,ariadne a r$ sc>f1 & to "o ( ! ,bac*ante a little blue drap]y4 ,! light ( ! picture1 z ,i obs]v$1 ought to be ( a w>m col\r2 = ?\gh :ite may be us$ = ! pr9cipal light1 z 0 ! practice ( _m ( ! ,dut* & ,flemi% pa9t]s1 yet x is bett] to suppose t :ite illum9$ by ! yell[ rays ( ! sett+ sun1 z 0 ! mann] ( ,titian4 ,! sup]iority ( :i* mann] is nev] m /rik+ ?an :5 9 a collection ( pictures we *ance to see a portrait ( ,titian's hang+ by ! side ( a ,flemi% picture 7ev5 ?\gh t %\ld be ( ! h& ( ,v&yke71 :i*1 h[ev] admirable 9 o!r respects1 becomes cold & grey 9 ! comp>ison4 ,! illum9at$ p>ts ( objects are 9 nature ( a w>m] t9t ?an ^? t are 9 ! %ade2 :at ,i h recomm5d$1 !re=e1 is no m ?an t ! same conduct be obs]v$ 9 ! :ole1 :i* is ackn[l$g$ to be necess>y 9 e individual "p4 ,x is pres5t+ to ! eye ! same effect z t :i* x has be5 accu/om$ to feel1 :i*1 9 ?is case1 z 9 e o!r1 w always produce beauty2 no pr9ciple1 !re=e1 9 our art c be m c]ta91 or is d]iv$ f a high] s\rce4 ,:5 ,i j n[ m5tion$ ( ! suppos$ reason :y ,ariadne has "p ( h] drap]y r$1 gives me occasion "h to obs]ve1 t ?is fav\rite quality ( giv+ objects relief1 & :i* ,de ,piles & all ! ,critics h consid]$ z a requisite ( ! utmo/ importance1 0 n "o ( ^? objects :i* mu* engag$ ! att5tion ( ,titian2 pa9t]s ( an inf]ior rank h f> exce$$ him 9 produc+ ?is effect4 ,?is 0 a great object ( att5tion1 :5 art 0 9 its infant /ate2 z x is at pres5t ) ! vulg> & ignorant1 :o feel ! highe/ satisfaction 9 see+ a figure1 :i*1 z !y say1 looks z if !y c\ld walk r\nd x4 ,b h[ev] l[ ,i may rate ?is pleasure ( deception1 ,i %\ld n oppose x1 did x n oppose itself to a quality ( a mu* high] k9d1 by c\nt]act+ entirely t fulness ( mann] :i* is s difficult to express 9 words1 b :i* is f\nd 9 p]fection 9 ! be/ works ( ,correggio1 & we may add1 ( ,rembr&t4 ,?is effect is produc$ by melt+ & los+ ! %ad[s 9 a gr\nd /ill d>k] ?an ^? %ad[s2 :]eas t relief is produc$ by oppos+ & sep>at+ ! gr\nd f ! figure1 ei!r by light1 or %ad[1 or col\r4 ,?is conduct ( 9-lay+1 z x may be call$1 figures on _! gr\nd1 9 ord] to produce relief1 0 ! practice ( ! old ,pa9t]s1 su* z ,&rea ,mantegna1 ,pietro ,p]ug9o1 & ,alb]t ,dur]2 & to ^! we may add ! fir/ mann] ( ,lion>do da ,v9ci1 ,giorgione1 & ev5 ,correggio2 b ^! ?ree 7 among ! fir/ :o began to correct !mselves 9 dryness ( /yle1 by no long] consid]+ relief z a pr9cipal object4 ,z ^? two qualities1 relief1 & fulness ( effect1 c h>dly exi/ toge!r1 x is n v difficult to det]m9e to :i* we ought to give ! pref]5ce4 ,an arti/ is oblig$ =ev] to hold a balance 9 8 h&1 by :i* he mu/ det]m9e ! value ( diff]5t qualities2 t1 :5 "s fault mu/ be committ$1 he may *oose ! lea/4 ,^? pa9t]s :o h be/ und]/ood ! art ( produc+ a good effect h adopt$ "o pr9ciple t seems p]fectly con=mable to reason2 t a "p may be sacrific$ = ! good ( ! :ole4 ,?us1 :e!r ! masses consi/ ( light or %ad[1 x is necess>y t !y %\ld be compact & ( a pleas+ %ape3 to ?is end "s p>ts may be made d>k] & "s light]1 & reflections /rong] ?an nature w\ld w>rant4 ,paul ,v]onese took great lib]ties ( ?is k9d4 ,x is said1 t be+ once ask$ :y c]ta9 figures 7 pa9t$ 9 %ade1 z no cause 0 se5 9 ! picture itself1 he turn$ (f ! inquiry by answ]+1 ,una nuevola *e passa--a cl\d is pass+1 :i* has ov]%ad[$ !m4 ,b ,i _c give a bett] in/ance ( ?is practice ?an a picture :i* ,i h ( ,rub5s2 x is a repres5tation ( a ,moonlight4 ,rub5s has n only diffus$ m light ov] ! picture ?an is 9 nature1 b has be/[$ on x ^? w>m gl[+ col\rs by :i* 8 works are s mu* di/+ui%$4 ,x is s unlike :at any o!r pa9t]s h giv5 u ( ,moonlight1 t x might be easily mi/ak51 if he _h n likewise add$ />s1 = a fa9t] sett+ sun4 ,rub5s ?\ght ! eye ought to be satisfi$ 9 ?is case1 above all o!r consid]ations2 he might1 inde$1 h made x m natural1 b x w\ld h be5 at ! exp5se ( :at he ?\ght ( mu* great] consequ5ce--! h>mony proce$+ f ! contra/ & v>iety ( col\rs4 ,?is same picture w furni% u ) ano!r in/ance1 :]e we mu/ dep>t f nature = a great] advantage4 ,! ,moon 9 ?is picture does n pres]ve s great a sup]iority 9 reg>d to its lightness ov] ! subject :i* x illum9es z x does 9 nature2 ?is is likewise an int5d$ deviation1 & = ! same reason4 ,if ,rub5s _h pres]v$ ! same scale ( gradation ( light betwe5 ! ,moon & ! objects :i* is f\nd 9 nature1 ! picture mu/ h consi/$ ( "o small spot ( light only1 & at a little di/ance f ! picture no?+ b ?is spot w\ld h be5 se54 ,x may be said1 inde$1 t ?is be+ ! case1 x is a subject t ought n to be pa9t$2 b !n1 = ! same reason1 nei!r arm\r1 nor any?+ %9+1 ought ev] to be pa9t$2 = ?\gh pure :ite is us$ 9 ord] to repres5t ! greate/ light ( %9+ objects1 x w n 9 ! picture pres]ve ! same sup]iority ov] fle% z x has 9 nature1 )\t keep+ t fle% col\r ( a v l[ t9t4 ,rembr&t1 :o ?\ght x ( m consequ5ce to pa9t light ?an ! objects t are se5 by x1 has done ?is 9 a picture ( ,a*illes :i* ,i h4 ,! head is kept d[n to a v l[ t9t1 9 ord] to pres]ve ?is due gradation & di/9ction betwe5 ! arm\r & ! face2 ! consequ5ce ( :i* is1 t1 ^u ! :ole1 ! picture is too black4 ,surely too mu* is sacrific$ "h to ?is n>r[ conception ( nature2 all[+ ! contr>y conduct a fault1 yet x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ a less fault ?an mak+ a picture s d>k t x _c be se5 )\t a peculi> light1 & !n ) difficulty4 ,! m]it or dem]it ( ! diff]5t conduct ( ,rub5s & ,rembr&t 9 ^? in/ances :i* ,i h giv51 is n to be det]m9$ by ! n>r[ pr9ciples ( nature1 sep>at$ f its effect on ! human m9d4 ,reason & common-s5se tell u1 t be=e1 & above all o!r consid]ations1 x is necess>y t ! "w %\ld be se51 n only )\t difficulty or inconv5i5ce1 b ) pleasure & satisfaction2 & e ob/acle :i* /&s 9 ! way ( ?is pleasure & conv5i5ce mu/ be remov$4 ,! t5d5cy ( ?is ,disc\rse1 ) ! in/ances :i* h be5 giv51 is n s mu* to place ! ,arti/ above rules1 z to tea* him _! reason2 to prev5t him f ent]ta9+ a n>r[1 conf9$ conception ( ,art2 to cle> 8 m9d f a p]plex$ v>iety ( rules & _! exceptions1 by direct+ 8 att5tion to an intimate acqua9tance ) ! passions & affections ( ! m9d1 f :i* all rules arise1 & to :i* !y are all ref]able4 ,art effects its purpose by _! means2 an accurate k1 !re=e1 ( ^? passions & dispositions ( ! m9d is necess>y to him :o desires to affect !m ^u sure & solid pr9ciples4 ,a complete essay or inquiry into ! connection betwe5 ! rules ( ,art & ! et]nal & immutable dispositions ( our passions w\ld be inde$ go+ at once to ! f\ndation ( criticism2#aj b ,i am too well conv9c$ :at ext5sive k1 :at subtle & p5etrat+ judgm5t1 w\ld be requir$ to engage 9 su* an und]tak+2 x is en\gh = me if1 9 ! language ( pa9t]s1 ,i h produc$ a slight sket* ( a "p ( ?is va/ composition1 b t suffici5tly di/9ct to %[ ! usefulness ( su* a !ory1 & its practicability4 ,be=e ,i conclude1 ,i _c avoid mak+ "o obs]vation on ! pictures n[ be=e u4 ,i h obs]v$1 t e c&idate has copi$ ! celebrat$ inv5tion ( ,timan!s 9 hid+ ! face ( ,agamemnon 9 8 mantle2 inde$1 su* lavi% encomiums h be5 be/[$ on ?is ?\ght1 & t too by m5 ( ! highe/ "* 9 critical k--,cic]o1 ,qu9tilian1 ,val]ius1 ,maximus1 & ,pl9y--& h be5 s9ce re-e*o$ by almo/ e mod]n t has writt5 on ! ,arts1 t y\r adopt+ x c nei!r be wond]$ at nor blam$4 ,x appe>s n[ to be s mu* connect$ ) ! subject1 t ! spectator w\ld p]haps be disappo9t$ 9 n f9d+ unit$ 9 ! picture :at he always unit$ 9 8 m9d1 & consid]$ z indisp5sably belong+ to ! subject4 ,b x may be obs]v$1 t ^? :o praise ?is circum/ance 7 n pa9t]s4 ,!y use x z an illu/ration only ( _! own art2 x s]v$ _! purpose1 & x 0 c]ta9ly n _! bus9ess to ent] into ! objections t lie aga9/ x 9 ano!r ,art4 ,i fe> we h b v scanty means ( excit+ ^? p[]s ov] ! imag9ation :i* make s v consid]able & ref9$ a "p ( poetry4 ,x is a d\bt ) me1 :e!r we %\ld ev5 make ! attempt4 ,! *ief1 if n ! only occasion1 :i* ! pa9t] has = ?is artifice1 is1 :5 ! subject is improp]1 to be m fully repres5t$1 ei!r = ! sake ( dec5cy1 or to avoid :at w\ld be disagreeable to be se52 & ?is is n to raise or increase ! passions1 :i* is ! reason t is giv5 = ?is practice1 b1 on ! contr>y1 to dim9i% _! effect4 ,x is true1 sket*es1 or su* draw+s z pa9t]s g5]ally make = _! works1 give ?is pleasure ( imag9ation to a high degree4 ,f a slight1 undet]m9$ draw+1 :]e ! ideas ( ! composition & "* are1 z ,i may say1 only j t\*$ ^u1 ! imag9ation supplies m ?an ! pa9t] himself1 probably1 c\ld produce2 & we accord+ly (t5 f9d t ! f9i%$ "w disappo9ts ! expectation t 0 rais$ f ! sket*2 & ?is p[] ( ! imag9ation is "o ( ! causes ( ! great pleasure we h 9 view+ a collection ( draw+s by great pa9t]s4 ,^! g5]al ideas1 :i* are express$ 9 sket*es1 correspond v well to ! art (t5 us$ 9 ,poetry4 ,a great "p ( ! beauty ( ! celebrat$ description ( ,eve 9 ,milton's ,p>adise ,lo/ consi/s 9 us+ only g5]al indi/9ct expressions1 e read] mak+ out ! detail accord+ to 8 own p>ticul> imag9ation1--8 own idea ( beauty1 grace1 expression1 dignity1 or lovel9ess3 b a pa9t]1 :5 he repres5ts ,eve on a canvas1 is oblig$ to give a det]m9$ =m1 & 8 own idea ( beauty di/9ctly express$4 ,we _c on ?is occasion1 nor inde$ on any o!r1 recomm5d an undet]m9ate mann] or vague ideas ( any k9d1 9 a complete & f9i%$ picture4 ,?is notion1 !re=e1 ( leav+ any?+ to ! imag9ation1 opposes a v fix$ & indisp5sable rule 9 our art--t ev]y?+ %all be c>efully & di/9ctly express$1 z if ! pa9t] knew1 ) correctness & precision1 ! exact =m & "* ( :atev] is introduc$ into ! picture4 ,?is is :at ) u is call$ ,sci5ce & ,le>n+3 :i* mu/ n be sacrific$ & giv5 up = an unc]ta9 & d\btful beauty1 :i*1 n naturally belong+ to our ,art1 w probably be s\ght = )\t success4 ,mr4 ,falconet has obs]v$1 9 a note on ?is passage 9 8 translation ( ,pl9y1 t ! circum/ance ( cov]+ ! face ( ,agamemnon 0 probably n 9 consequ5ce ( any f9e imag9ation ( ! pa9t]--:i* he consid]s z a discov]y ( ! critics--b m]ely copi$ f ! description ( ! sacrifice1 z x is f\nd 9 ,euripides4 ,! words f :i* ! picture is suppos$ to be tak5 are ^!3 ,agamemnon saw ,iphig5ia advance t[>ds ! fatal alt>2 he groan$1 he turn$ aside 8 head1 he %$ te>s1 & cov]$ 8 face ) 8 robe4 ,falconet does n at all acquiesce 9 ! praise t is be/[$ on ,timan!s2 n only because x is n 8 inv5tion1 b because he ?9ks meanly ( ?is trick ( conceal+1 except 9 in/ances ( blood1 :]e ! objects w\ld be too horrible to be se52 b1 says he1 9 an afflict$ ,fa!r1 9 a ,k+1 9 ,agamemnon1 y1 :o are a pa9t]1 conceal f me ! mo/ int]e/+ circum/ance1 & !n put me (f ) sophi/ry & a veil4 ,y are 7he adds7 a feeble ,pa9t]1 )\t res\rce3 y d n "k ev5 ^? ( y\r ,art3 ,i c>e n :at veil x is1 :e!r clos$ h&s1 arms rais$1 or any o!r action t conceals f me ! c\nt5ance ( ! ,h]o4 ,y ?9k ( veil+ ,agamemnon2 y h unveil$ y\r own ignorance4 ,a ,pa9t] :o repres5ts ,agamemnon veil$ is z ridicul\s z a ,poet w\ld be1 :o1 9 a pa!tic situation1 9 ord] to satisfy my expectations1 & rid himself ( ! bus9ess1 %\ld say1 t ! s5tim5ts ( 8 h]o are s f> above :atev] c be said on ! occasion1 t he %all say no?+4 ,to :at ,falconet has said1 we may add1 t suppos+ ?is me?od ( leav+ ! expression ( grief to ! imag9ation to be1 z x 0 ?\ght to be1 ! inv5tion ( ! pa9t]1 & t x des]ves all ! praise t has be5 giv5 x1 /ill x is a trick t w s]ve b once3 :oev] does x a second "t w n only want novelty1 b be ju/ly suspect$ ( us+ artifice to evade difficulties4 ,if difficulties ov]come make a great "p ( ! m]it ( ,art1 difficulties evad$ c des]ve b little comm5dation4 ,,footnotes3 #i3 ,,disc\rses ,,ii4 & ,,vi4 #aj3 ,?is 0 inadv]t5tly said4 ,i did n recollect ! admirable treatise ,on ! ,sublime & ,beautiful4 ,,disc\rse ,,ix4 ,deliv]$ at ! ,op5+ ( ! ,royal ,academy1 9 ,som]set ,place1 ,octob] #af1 #aghj4 ,,on ,,! ,,removal ,,( ,,! ,,royal ,,academy ,,to ,,som]set ,,place4--,,! ,,advantages ,,to ,,society ,,f ,,cultivat+ ,,intellectual ,,pleasure4 ,! hon\r :i* ! ,arts acquire by be+ p]mitt$ to take possession ( ?is noble habitation is "o ( ! mo/ consid]able ( ! _m in/ances we h receiv$ ( ,8 ,maje/y's protection2 & ! /ronge/ pro( ( 8 desire to make ! ,academy respectable4 ,no?+ has be5 left undone t might contribute to excite our pursuit or to rew>d our atta9m5ts4 ,we h already ! happ9ess ( see+ ! ,arts 9 a /ate to :i* !y nev] be=e arriv$ 9 ?is nation4 ,?is ,build+1 9 :i* we are n[ assembl$1 w rema9 to _m future ages an illu/ri\s specim5 ( ! ,ar*itect's#aa abilities4 ,x is our duty to endeav\r t ^? :o gaze ) wond] at ! /ructure may n be disappo9t$ :5 !y visit ! ap>tm5ts4 ,x w be no small addition to ! glory :i* ?is nation has already acquir$ f hav+ giv5 bir? to em95t m5 9 e "p ( sci5ce1 if x %\ld be enabl$ to produce1 9 consequ5ce ( ?is in/itution1 a ,s*ool ( ,engli% ,arti/s4 ,! e/imation 9 :i* we /& 9 respect to our neighb\rs1 w be 9 proportion to ! degree 9 :i* we excel or are inf]ior to !m 9 ! acquisition ( intellectual excell5ce1 ( :i* ,trade & its consequ5tial ri*es mu/ be ackn[l$g$ to give ! means2 b a p ^: :ole att5tion is absorb$ 9 ^? means1 & :o =get ! end1 c aspire b little above ! rank ( a b>b>\s nation4 ,e e/abli%m5t t t5ds to ! cultivation ( ! pleasures ( ! m9d1 z di/9ct f ^? ( s5se1 may be consid]$ z an inf]ior s*ool ( morality1 :]e ! m9d is poli%$ & prep>$ = high] atta9m5ts4 ,let u = a mom5t take a %ort survey ( ! progress ( ! m9d t[>ds :at is1 or ought to be1 its true object ( att5tion4 ,man1 9 8 l[e/ /ate1 has no pleasures b ^? ( s5se1 & no wants b ^? ( appetite2 aft]w>ds1 :5 society is divid$ into diff]5t ranks1 & "s are appo9t$ to lab\r = ! support ( o!rs1 ^? :om _! sup]iority sets free f lab\r beg9 to look = intellectual ent]ta9m5ts4 ,?us1 :il/ ! %eph]ds 7 att5d+ _! flocks1 _! ma/]s made ! fir/ a/ronomical obs]vations2 s music is said to h _h its orig9 f a man at leisure li/5+ to ! /rokes ( a hamm]4 ,z ! s5ses1 9 ! l[e/ /ate ( nature1 are necess>y to direct u to our support1 :5 t support is once secure !re is dang] 9 foll[+ !m fur!r2 to him :o has no rule ( action b ! gratification ( ! s5ses1 pl5ty is always dang]\s3 x is !re=e necess>y to ! happ9ess ( individuals1 & /ill m necess>y to ! security ( society1 t ! m9d %\ld be elevat$ to ! idea ( g5]al beauty1 & ! contemplation ( g5]al tru?2 by ?is pursuit ! m9d is always c>ri$ =w>d 9 se>* ( some?+ m excell5t ?an x f9ds1 & obta9s its prop] sup]iority ov] ! common s5ses ( life1 by le>n+ to feel itself capable ( high] aims & nobl] enjoym5ts4 ,9 ?is gradual exaltation ( human nature1 e art contributes its cont+5t t[>ds ! g5]al supply ( m5tal pleasure4 ,:atev] ab/racts ! ?\ghts f s5sual gratifications1 :atev] tea*es u to look = happ9ess )9 ourselves1 mu/ advance 9 "s measure ! dignity ( our nature4 ,p]haps !re is no high] pro( ( ! excell5cy ( man ?an ?is--t to a m9d prop]ly cultivat$1 :atev] is b\nd$ is little4 ,! m9d is cont9ually lab\r+ to advance1 /ep by /ep1 ?r\gh successive gradations ( excell5ce1 t[>ds p]fection1 :i* is dimly se51 at a great1 ?\gh n hopeless1 di/ance1 & :i* we mu/ always foll[1 because we nev] c atta92 b ! pursuit rew>ds itself2 "o tru? tea*es ano!r1 & our /ore is always increas+1 ?\gh nature c nev] be exhau/$4 ,our art1 l all arts :i* address ! imag9ation1 is appli$ to a some:at l[] faculty ( ! m9d1 :i* approa*es ne>] to s5suality3 b ?r\gh s5se & fancy x mu/ make its way to reason2 = su* is ! progress ( ?\ght1 t we p]ceive by s5se1 we comb9e by fancy1 & di/+ui% by reason3 & )\t c>ry+ our art out ( its natural & true "*1 ! m we purify x f ev]y?+ t is gross 9 s5se1 9 t proportion we advance its use & dignity2 & 9 proportion z we l[] x to m]e s5suality1 we p]v]t its nature1 & degrade x f ! rank ( a lib]al art2 & ?is is :at e arti/ ought well to rememb]4 ,let him rememb] also1 t he des]ves j s mu* enc\ragem5t 9 ! /ate z he makes himself a memb] ( x virtu\sly useful1 & contributes 9 8 sph]e to ! g5]al purpose & p]fection ( society4 ,! ,art :i* we pr(ess has beauty = its object2 ?is x is our bus9ess to discov] & to express2 ! beauty ( :i* we are 9 que/ is g5]al & intellectual2 x is an idea t subsi/s only 9 ! m9d2 ! sight nev] beheld x1 nor has ! h& express$ x2 x is an idea resid+ 9 ! brea/ ( ! arti/1 :i* he is always lab\r+ to imp>t1 & :i* he dies at la/ )\t imp>t+2 b :i* he is yet s f> able to communicate1 z to raise ! ?\ghts & ext5d ! views ( ! spectator2 & :i*1 by a succession ( art1 may be s f> diffus$1 t its effects may ext5d !mselves imp]ceptibly into public b5efits1 & be among ! means ( be/[+ on :ole nations ref9em5t ( ta/e3 :i*1 if x does n lead directly to purity ( mann]s1 obviates at lea/ _! greate/ depravation1 by dis5tangl+ ! m9d f appetite1 & conduct+ ! ?\ghts ?r\gh successive /ages ( excell5ce1 till t contemplation ( univ]sal rectitude & h>mony1 :i*1 began by ,ta/e1 may1 z x is exalt$ & ref9$1 conclude 9 ,virtue4 ,,footnotes3 #aa3 ,sir ,william ,*amb]s4 ,,disc\rse ,x4 ,deliv]$ to ! ,/ud5ts ( ! ,royal ,academy1 on ! ,di/ribution ( ! ,prizes1 ,decemb] #aa1 #aghj4 ,,sculpture3--,,has ,,b ,,"o ,,/yle4--,,its ,,objects1 ,,=m1 ,,& ,,"*4--,,ineffectual ,,attempts ,,( ,,! ,,mod]n ,,sculptors ,,to ,,improve ,,! ,,art4--,,ill ,,effects ,,( ,,mod]n ,,dress ,,9 ,,sculpture4 ,i %all n[1 z x has be5 cu/om>y on ?is day1 & on ?is occasion1 communicate to y su* obs]vations z h occurr$ to me on ! ,!ory ( ,art4 ,if ^! obs]vations h hi!rto ref]r$ pr9cipally to ,pa9t+1 let x be rememb]$ t ?is ,art is mu* m ext5sive & complicat$ ?an ,sculpture1 & af=ds !re=e a m ample field = criticism2 & z ! great] includes ! less1 ! lead+ pr9ciples ( ,sculpture are compris$ 9 ^? ( ,pa9t+4 ,h[ev]1 ,i wi% n[ to make "s rem>ks ) p>ticul> relation to ,sculpture2 to consid] :]e91 or 9 :at mann]1 its pr9ciples & ^? ( ,pa9t+ agree or diff]2 :at is )9 its p[] ( p]=m+1 & :at x is va9 or improp] to attempt2 t x may be cle>ly & di/9ctly kn[n :at ought to be ! great purpose ( ! ,sculptor's lab\rs4 ,sculpture is an art ( mu* m simplicity & uni=mity ?an pa9t+2 x _c ) propriety1 & ! be/ effect1 be appli$ to _m subjects4 ,! object ( its pursuit may be compris$ 9 two words--,=m & ,"*2 & ^? qualities are pres5t$ to u b 9 "o mann]1 or 9 "o /yle only2 :]eas ! p[]s ( ,pa9t+1 z !y are m v>i\s & ext5sive1 s !y are exhibit$ 9 z great a v>iety ( mann]s4 ,! ,roman1 ,lomb>d1 ,flor5t9e1 ,v5etian1 & ,flemi% ,s*ools all pursue ! same end by diff]5t means4 ,b ,sculpture hav+ b "o /yle1 c only to "o /yle ( ,pa9t+ h any relation2 & to ?is 7:i* is inde$ ! highe/ & mo/ dignifi$ t ,pa9t+ c boa/71 x has a relation s close1 t x may be said to be almo/ ! same art op]at+ ^u diff]5t mat]ials4 ,! ,sculptors ( ! la/ age1 f n att5d+ suffici5tly to ?is discrim9ation ( ! diff]5t /yles ( ,pa9t+1 h be5 l$ into _m errors4 ,?\gh !y well knew t !y 7 all[$ to imitate1 or take ideas = ! improvem5t ( _! own ,art f ! gr& /yle ( ,pa9t+1 !y 7 n aw>e t x 0 n p]mitt$ to borr[ 9 ! same mann] f ! ornam5tal4 ,:5 !y endeav\r to copy ! picturesque effects1 contra/s1 or petty excell5cies ( :atev] k9d1 :i* n improp]ly f9d a place 9 ! inf]ior bran*es ( ,pa9t+1 !y d\btless imag9e !mselves improv+ & ext5d+ ! b\nd>ies ( _! art by ?is imitation2 b !y are 9 reality violat+ its ess5tial "*1 by giv+ a diff]5t direction to its op]ations1 & propos+ to !mselves ei!r :at is unatta9able1 or at be/ a mean] object ( pursuit4 ,! grave & au/]e "* ( ,sculpture requires ! utmo/ degree ( =mality 9 composition2 picturesque contra/s h "h no place2 ev]y?+ is c>efully weigh$ & measur$1 "o side mak+ almo/ an exact equipoise to ! o!r3 a *ild is n a prop] balance to a full gr[n figure1 nor is a figure sitt+ or /oop+ a companion to an upright figure4 ,! excell5ce ( e art mu/ consi/ 9 ! complete accompli%m5t ( its purpose2 & if by a false imitation ( nature1 or mean ambition ( produc+ a picturesque effect or illusion ( any k9d1 all ! gr&eur ( ideas :i* ?is art endeav\rs to excite1 be degrad$ or de/roy$1 we may boldly oppose ourselves to any su* innovation4 ,if ! produc+ ( a deception is ! summit ( ?is art1 let u at once give to /atues ! addition ( col\r2 :i* w contribute m t[>ds accompli%+ ?is end ?an all ^? artifices :i* h be5 introduc$ & pr(ess$ly def5d$1 on no o!r pr9ciple b t ( r5d]+ ! "w m natural4 ,b z col\r is univ]sally reject$1 e practice liable to ! same objection mu/ fall ) x4 ,if ! bus9ess ( ,sculpture 7 to adm9i/] pleasure to ignorance1 or a m]e ent]ta9m5t to ! s5ses1 ! ,v5us or ,m$icis might c]ta9ly receive mu* improvem5t by col\r2 b ! "* ( ,sculpture makes x h] duty to af=d delight ( a diff]5t1 &1 p]haps1 ( a high] k9d2 ! delight result+ f ! contemplation ( p]fect beauty3 & ?is1 :i* is 9 tru? an intellectual pleasure1 is 9 _m respects incompatible ) :at is m]ely address$ to ! s5ses1 su* z t ) :i* ignorance & levity contemplate elegance ( =m4 ,! ,sculptor may be safely all[$ to practise e means )9 ! p[] ( 8 art to produce a deception1 provid$ ?is practice does n int]f]e ) or de/roy high] excell5cies2 on ^! conditions he w be =c$1 h[ev] lo?1 to ackn[l$ge t ! b\nd>ies ( 8 art h long be5 fix$1 & t all endeav\rs w be va9 t hope to pass beyond ! be/ works :i* rema9 ( anci5t ,sculpture4 ,imitation is ! means1 & n ! end ( art3 x is employ$ by ! ,sculptor z ! language by :i* 8 ideas are pres5t$ to ! m9d ( ! spectator4 ,poetry & elocution ( e sort make use ( signs1 b ^? signs are arbitr>y & conv5tional4 ,! sculptor employs ! repres5tation ( ! ?+ itself2 b /ill z a means to a high] end--z a gradual asc5t1 always advanc+ t[>ds faultless =m & p]fect beauty4 ,x may be ?\ght at ! fir/ view1 t ev5 ?is =m1 h[ev] p]fectly repres5t$1 is to be valu$ & take its rank only = ! sake ( a /ill high] object1 t ( convey+ s5tim5t & "*1 z !y are exhibit$ by attitude & expression ( ! passions4 ,b we are sure f exp]i5ce1 t ! beauty ( =m alone1 )\t ! assi/ance ( any o!r quality1 makes ( itself a great "w1 & ju/ly claims our e/eem & admiration4 ,z a pro( ( ! high value we set on ! m]e excell5ce ( =m1 we may produce ! greate/ "p ( ! works ( ,mi*el ,angelo1 bo? 9 pa9t+ & sculpture2 z well z mo/ ( ! antique /atues1 :i* are ju/ly e/eem$ 9 a v high degree1 ?\gh no v m>k$ or /rik+ "* or expression ( any k9d is repres5t$4 ,b1 z a /rong] in/ance t ?is excell5ce alone inspires s5tim5t1 :at arti/ ev] look$ at ! ,torso )\t feel+ a w>m? ( en?usiasm1 z f ! highe/ ef=ts ( poetry8 ,f :5ce does ?is proce$8 ,:at is !re 9 ?is fragm5t t produces ?is effect1 b ! p]fection ( ?is sci5ce ( ab/ract =m8 ,a m9d elevat$ to ! contemplation ( excell5ce1 p]ceives 9 ?is defac$ & %att]$ fragm5t1 disjecta membra poet1 ! traces ( sup]lative g5ius1 ! reliques ( a "w on :i* succe$+ ages c only gaze ) inadequate admiration4 ,x may be said t ?is pleasure is res]v$ only to ^? :o h sp5t _! :ole life 9 ! /udy & contemplation ( ?is art2 b ! tru? is1 t all w\ld feel its effects1 if !y c\ld dive/ !mselves ( ! expectation ( deception1 & look only = :at x really is--a p>tial repres5tation ( nature4 ,! only imp$im5t ( _! judgm5t mu/ !n proce$ f _! be+ unc]ta9 to :at rank1 or r k9d ( excell5ce1 x aspires2 & to :at sort ( approbation x has a "r4 ,?is /ate ( d>kness is1 )\t d\bt1 irksome to e m9d2 b by att5tion to works ( ?is k9d ! k ( :at is aim$ at comes ( itself1 )\t be+ taught1 & almo/ )\t be+ p]ceiv$4 ,! ,sculptor's art is limit$ 9 comp>ison ( o!rs1 b x has its v>iety & intricacy )9 its prop] b\nds4 ,its ess5ce is correctness3 & :5 to correct & p]fect =m is add$ ! ornam5t ( grace1 dignity ( "*1 & appropriat$ expression1 z 9 ! ,apollo1 ! ,v5us1 ! ,laocoon1 ! ,moses ( ,mi*ael ,angelo1 & _m o!rs1 ?is art may be said to h accompli%$ its purpose4 ,:at ,grace is1 h[ x is to be acquir$ or conceiv$1 are 9 speculation difficult que/ions2 b causa latet1 res e/ notissima3 )\t any p]plex+ inquiry1 ! effect is h\rly p]ceiv$4 ,i %all only obs]ve t its natural f\ndation is correctness ( design2 & ?\gh grace may be sometimes unit$ ) incorrectness1 x _c proce$ f x4 ,b to come ne>] to our pres5t subject4 ,x has be5 said t ! grace ( ! ,apollo dep5ds on a c]ta9 degree ( incorrectness3 t ! head is n anatomically plac$ betwe5 ! %\ld]s2 & t ! l[] half ( ! figure is long] ?an j proportion all[s4 ,i "k t ,correggio & ,p>megiano are (t5 produc$ z au?orities to support ?is op9ion2 b v little att5tion w conv9ce u t ! incorrectness ( "s p>ts :i* we f9d 9 _! works does n contribute to grace1 b r t5ds to de/roy x4 ,! ,madonna1 ) ! sleep+ ,infant1 & beautiful gr\p ( ,angels1 by ,p>megiano1 9 ! ,palazzo ,piti1 w\ld n h lo/ any ( its excell5ce if ! neck1 f+]s1 &1 inde$1 ! :ole figure ( ! ,virg91 in/ead ( be+ s v long & incorrect1 _h pres]v$ _! due proportion4 ,9 opposition to ! fir/ ( ^! rem>ks1 ,i h ! au?ority ( a v able ,sculptor ( ?is ,academy1 :o has copi$ t figure1 consequ5tly measur$ & c>efully exam9$ x1 to decl>e t ! criticism is n true4 ,9 reg>d to ! la/1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t ,apollo is "h 9 ! ex]tion ( "o ( 8 peculi> p[]s1 :i* is swiftness2 he has !re=e t proportion :i* is be/ adapt$ to t "*4 ,?is is no m incorrectness ?an :5 !re is giv5 to an ,h]cules an extraord9>y swell+ & /r5g? ( muscles4 ,! art ( discov]+ & express+ grace is difficult en\gh ( itself1 )\t p]plex+ ourselves ) :at is incompreh5sible4 ,a supposition ( su* a mon/] z ,grace1 begot by ,de=mity1 is poison to ! m9d ( a "y ,arti/1 & may make him neglect :at is ess5tial to 8 art--correctness ( ,design--9 ord] to pursue a phantom1 :i* has no exi/5ce b 9 ! imag9ation ( affect$ & ref9$ speculators4 ,i _c quit ! ,apollo )\t mak+ "o obs]vation on ! "* ( ?is figure4 ,he is suppos$ to h j dis*>g$ 8 arr[ at ! ,py?on2 &1 by ! head retreat+ a little t[>ds ! "r %\ld]1 he appe>s att5tive to its effect4 ,:at ,i w\ld rem>k is ! diff]5ce ( ?is att5tion f t ( ! ,discobolus1 :o is engag$ 9 ! same purpose1 wat*+ ! effect ( 8 ,discus4 ,! graceful1 neglig5t1 ?\gh animat$ air ( ! "o1 & ! vulg> eag]ness ( ! o!r1 furni% a signal in/ance ( ! judgm5t ( ! anci5t sculptors 9 _! nice discrim9ation ( "*4 ,!y are bo? equally true to nature1 & equally admirable4 ,x may be rem>k$ t ,grace1 ,"*1 & ,expression1 ?\gh words ( diff]5t s5se & mean+1 & s und]/ood :5 appli$ to ! works ( ,pa9t]s1 are indiscrim9ately us$ :5 we speak ( ,sculpture4 ,?is indecision we may suspect to proce$ f ! undet]m9$ effects ( ! ,art itself2 ^? qualities are exhibit$ 9 ,sculpture r by =m & attitude ?an by ! features1 & c !re=e be express$ b 9 a v g5]al mann]4 ,?\gh ! ,laocoon & 8 two sons h m expression 9 ! c\nt5ance ?an p]haps any o!r antique /atues1 yet x is only ! g5]al expression ( pa92 & ?is passion is /ill m /rongly express$ by ! wri?+ & contortion ( ! body ?an by ! features4 ,x has be5 obs]v$ 9 a late publication1 t if ! att5tion ( ! ,fa!r 9 ?is gr\p _h be5 occupi$ m by ! di/ress ( 8 *ildr5 ?an by 8 own suff]+s1 x w\ld h rais$ a mu* great] int]e/ 9 ! spectator4 ,?\gh ?is obs]vation comes f a p]son ^: op9ion1 9 ev]y?+ relat+ to ! ,arts1 c>ries ) x ! highe/ au?ority1 yet ,i _c b suspect t su* ref9$ expression is sc>ce )9 ! prov9ce ( ?is ,art2 & 9 attempt+ x1 ! ,arti/ w run great risk ( enfeebl+ expression1 & mak+ x less intelligible to ! spectator4 ,z ! g5]al figure pres5ts itself 9 a m conspicu\s mann] ?an ! features1 x is !re we mu/ pr9cipally look = expression or "*2 patuit 9 corpore vultus2 &1 9 ?is respect1 ! ,sculptor's art is n unlike t ( ,danc+1 :]e ! att5tion ( ! spectator is pr9cipally engag$ by ! attitude & action ( ! p]=m]1 & x is !re he mu/ look = :atev] expression t art is capable ( exhibit+4 ,! ,danc]s !mselves ackn[l$ge ?is1 by (t5 we>+ masks1 ) little dim9ution 9 ! expression4 ,! face be>s s v inconsid]able a proportion to ! effect ( ! :ole figure1 t ! anci5t ,sculptors neglect$ to animate ! features1 ev5 ) ! g5]al expression ( ! passions4 ,( ?is ! gr\p ( ! ,box]s is a rem>kable in/ance2 !y are engag$ 9 ! mo/ animat$ action ) ! greate/ s]5ity ( c\nt5ance4 ,?is is n recomm5d$ = imitation 7= !re c be no reason :y ! c\nt5ance %\ld n correspond ) ! attitude & expression ( ! figure71 b is m5tion$ 9 ord] to inf] f h5ce1 t ?is frequ5t defici5cy 9 anci5t ,sculpture c\ld proce$ f no?+ b a habit ( inatt5tion to :at 0 consid]$ z comp>atively immat]ial4 ,^? :o ?9k ,sculpture c express m ?an we h all[$1 may ask1 by :at means we discov]1 at ! fir/ glance1 ! "* t is repres5t$ 9 a ,bu/1 ,cameo1 or ,intaglio8 ,i suspect x w be f\nd1 on close exam9ation1 by him :o is resolv$ n to see m ?an he really does see1 t ! figures are di/+ui%$ by _! insignia m ?an by any v>iety ( =m or beauty4 ,take f ,apollo 8 ,lyre1 f ,bac*us 8 ,?yrsus & ,v9e-leaves1 & ,meleag] ! ,bo>'s ,head1 & !re w rema9 little or no diff]5ce 9 _! *>act]s4 ,9 a ,juno1 ,m9]va1 or ,flora1 ! idea ( ! arti/ seems to h gone no fur!r ?an repres5t+ p]fect beauty1 & aft]w>ds add+ ! prop] attributes1 ) a total indiff]5ce to :i* !y gave !m4 ,?us ,john de ,bologna1 aft] he _h f9i%$ a gr\p ( a "y man hold+ up a "y woman 9 8 arms1 ) an old man at 8 feet1 call$ 8 fri5ds toge!r1 to tell him :at "n he %\ld give x1 & x 0 agre$ to call x ,! ,rape ( ! ,sab9es2 & ?is is ! celebrat$ gr\p :i* n[ /&s be=e ! old ,palace at ,flor5ce4#ab ,! figures h ! same g5]al expression :i* is to be f\nd 9 mo/ ( ! antique ,sculpture2 & yet x w\ld be no wond] if future critics %\ld f9d out delicacy ( expression :i* 0 nev] int5d$2 & g s f> z to see1 9 ! old man's c\nt5ance1 ! exact relation :i* he bore to ! woman :o appe>s to be tak5 f him4 ,?\gh ,pa9t+ & ,sculpture are1 l _m o!r arts1 gov]n$ by ! same g5]al pr9ciples1 yet 9 ! detail1 or :at may be call$ ! by-laws ( ea* art1 !re seems to be no long] any connection betwe5 !m4 ,! diff]5t mat]ials ^u :i* ^? two arts ex]t _! p[]s mu/ infallibly create a proportional diff]5ce 9 _! practice4 ,!re are _m petty excell5cies :i* ! ,pa9t] atta9s ) ease1 b :i* are impracticable 9 ,sculpture2 & :i*1 ev5 if x c\ld accompli% !m1 w\ld add no?+ to ! true value & dignity ( ! "w4 ,( ! ineffectual attempts :i* ! mod]n ,sculptors h made by way ( improvem5t1 ^! seem to be ! pr9cipal2 ,! practice ( deta*+ drap]y f ! figure1 9 ord] to give ! appe>ance ( fly+ 9 ! air2-- ,( mak+ diff]5t plans 9 ! same bas-relievos2-- ,( attempt+ to repres5t ! effects ( p]spective2-- ,to ^! we may add ! ill effect ( figures clo!d 9 a mod]n dress4 ,! folly ( attempt+ to make /one sport & flutt] 9 ! air is s app>5t1 t x c>ries ) x its own repreh5sion2 & yet to accompli% ?is seem$ to be ! great ambition ( _m mod]n ,sculptors1 p>ticul>ly ,b]n9i3 8 art 0 s mu* set on ov]com+ ?is difficulty1 t he 0 =ev] attempt+ x1 ?\gh by t attempt he risk$ ev]y?+ t 0 valuable 9 ! art4 ,b]n9i /&s 9 ! fir/ class ( mod]n ,sculptors1 & !re=e x is ! bus9ess ( criticism to prev5t ! ill effects ( s p[]ful an example4 ,f 8 v e>ly "w ( ,apollo & ,daphne1 ! _w ju/ly expect$ he w\ld rival ! be/ productions ( anci5t ,greece2 b he soon /ray$ f ! "r pa?4 ,& ?\gh !re is 9 8 works some?+ :i* always di/+ui%es him f ! common h]d1 yet he appe>s 9 8 latt] p]=mances to h lo/ 8 way4 ,in/ead ( pursu+ ! /udy ( t ideal beauty ) :i* he _h s successfully begun1 he turn$ 8 m9d to an injudici\s que/ ( novelty1 attempt$ :at 0 n )9 ! prov9ce ( ! art1 & endeav\r$ to ov]come ! h>dness & ob/9acy ( 8 mat]ials2 :i* ev5 suppos+ he _h accompli%$1 s f> z to make ?is species ( drap]y appe> natural1 ! ill effect & confusion occasion$ by its be+ deta*$ f ! figure to :i* x belongs ought to h be5 alone a suffici5t reason to h det]r$ him f t practice4 ,we h n1 ,i ?9k1 9 our ,academy1 any ( ,b]n9i's works1 except a ca/ ( ! head ( 8 ,neptune2 ?is w be suffici5t to s]ve u = an example ( ! mis*ief produc$ by ?is attempt ( repres5t+ ! effects ( ! w9d4 ,! locks ( ! hair are fly+ abroad 9 all directions1 insomu* t x is n a sup]ficial view t c discov] :at ! object is :i* is repres5t$1 or di/+ui% ^? fly+ locks f ! features1 z !y are all ( ! same col\r1 ( equal solidity1 & consequ5tly project ) equal =ce4 ,! same entangl$ confusion :i* is "h occasion$ by ! hair is produc$ by drap]y fly+ (f2 :i* ! eye mu/1 = ! same reason1 inevitably m+le & conf\nd ) ! pr9cipal p>ts ( ! figure4 ,x is a g5]al rule1 equally true 9 bo? ,arts1 t ! =m & attitude ( ! figure %\ld be se5 cle>ly1 & )\t any ambiguity at ! fir/ glance ( ! eye4 ,?is ! ,pa9t] c easily d by col\r1 by los+ p>ts 9 ! gr\nd1 or keep+ !m s obscure z to prev5t !m f int]f]+ ) ! m pr9cipal objects4 ,! sculptor has no o!r means ( prev5t+ ?is confusion ?an by atta*+ ! drap]y = ! great] "p close to ! figure2 ! folds ( :i*1 foll[+ ! ord] ( ! limbs1 :5ev] ! drap]y is se51 ! eye is l$ to trace ! =m & attitude ( ! figure at ! same "t4 ,! drap]y ( ! ,apollo1 ?\gh x makes a l>ge mass1 & is sep>at$ f ! figure1 does n affect ! pres5t "q1 f ! v circum/ance ( its be+ s completely sep>at$2 & f ! regul>ity & simplicity ( its =m1 x does n 9 ! lea/ int]f]e ) a di/9ct view ( ! figure4 ,9 reality1 x is no m a "p ( x ?an a p$e/al1 a trunk ( a tree1 or an animal1 :i* we (t5 see jo9$ to /atues4 ,! pr9cipal use ( ^? app5dages is to /r5g!n & pres]ve ! /atue f accid5ts2 & _m are ( op9ion t ! mantle :i* falls f ! ,apollo's arm is = ! same end2 b surely x answ]s a mu* great] purpose1 by prev5t+ t dryness ( effect :i* w\ld inevitably att5d a nak$ arm1 ext5d$ almo/ at full l5g?1 to :i* we may add ! disagreeable effect :i* w\ld proce$ f ! body & arm mak+ a "r angle4 ,! ,apo/les1 9 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,john ,lat]an1 appe> to me to fall "u ! c5sure ( an injudici\s imitation ( ! mann] ( ! pa9t]s4 ,! drap]y ( ^? figures1 f be+ dispos$ 9 l>ge masses1 gives und\bt$ly t air ( gr&eur :i* magnitude or quantity is sure to produce4 ,b ?\gh x %\ld be ackn[l$g$ t x is manag$ ) great skill & intellig5ce1 & contriv$ to appe> z light z ! mat]ials w all[1 yet ! weight & solidity ( /one 0 n to be ov]come4 ,^? figures are mu* 9 ! /yle ( ,c>lo ,m>atti1 & su* z we may imag9e he w\ld h made if he _h attempt$ ,sculpture2 & :5 we "k he _h ! sup]9t5d5ce ( t "w1 & 0 an intimate fri5d ( "o ( ! pr9cipal ,sculptors1 we may suspect t 8 ta/e _h "s influ5ce1 if he did n ev5 give ! designs4 ,no man c look at ^? figures )\t recognis+ ! mann] ( ,c>lo ,m>atti4 ,!y h ! same defect :i* 8 works s (t5 h1 ( be+ ov]laid ) drap]y1 & t too artificially dispos$4 ,i _c b believe t if ,ruscono1 ,le ,gros1 ,monot1 & ! re/ ( ! ,sculptors employ$ 9 t "w1 _h tak5 = _! guide ! simple dress1 su* z we see 9 ! antique /atues ( ! philosoph]s1 x w\ld h giv5 m real gr&eur to _! figures1 & w\ld c]ta9ly h be5 m suitable to ! *>act]s ( ! ,apo/les4 ,?\gh !re is no rem$y = ! ill effect ( ^? solid projections :i* fly+ drap]y 9 /one mu/ always produce 9 /atues1 yet 9 bas-relievos x is totally diff]5t2 ^? deta*$ p>ts ( drap]y ! ,sculptor has "h z mu* p[] ov] z ! ,pa9t]1 by unit+ & los+ x 9 ! gr\nd1 s t x %all n 9 ! lea/ entangle & confuse ! figure4 ,b "h aga9 ! ,sculptor1 n cont5t ) ?is successful imitation1 if x may be s call$1 proce$s to repres5t figures1 or gr\ps ( figures1 on diff]5t plans2 t is1 "s on ! =egr\nd1 & "s at a great] di/ance1 9 ! mann] ( ,pa9t]s 9 hi/orical compositions4 ,to d ?is he has no o!r means ?an by mak+ ! di/ant figures ( less dim5sions1 & reliev+ !m 9 a less degree f ! surface2 b ?is is n adequate to ! end2 !y w /ill appe> only z figures on a less scale1 b equally ne> ! eye ) ^? 9 ! front ( ! piece4 ,nor does ! mis*ief ( ?is attempt1 :i* nev] accompli%es its int5tion1 re/ "h3 by ?is division ( ! "w into _m m9ute p>ts1 ! gr&eur ( its g5]al effect is inevitably de/roy$4 ,p]haps ! only circum/ance 9 :i* ! ,mod]n h excell$ ! ,anci5t ,sculptors is ! managem5t ( a s+le gr\p 9 basso-relievo2 ! art ( gradually rais+ ! gr\p f ! flat surface1 till x imp]ceptibly em]ges into alto-relievo4 ,( ?is !re is no anci5t example rema9+ t discov]s any approa* to ! skill :i* ,le ,gros has %[n 9 an ,alt> 9 ! ,jesuits' ,*ur* at ,rome4 ,diff]5t plans or degrees ( relief 9 ! same gr\p h1 z we see 9 ?is in/ance1 a good effect1 ?\gh ! contr>y happ5s :5 ! gr\ps are sep>at$1 & are at "s di/ance beh9d ea* o!r4 ,?is improvem5t 9 ! art ( compos+ a gr\p 9 basso-relievo 0 probably fir/ sugge/$ by ! practice ( ! mod]n ,pa9t]s1 :o relieve _! figures1 or gr\ps ( figures1 f _! gr\nd1 by ! same g5tle gradation2 & x is accompli%$ 9 e respect by ! same g5]al pr9ciples2 b z ! m>ble has no col\r1 x is ! composition itself t mu/ give its light & %ad[4 ,! anci5t ,sculptors c\ld n borr[ ?is advantage f _! ,pa9t]s1 = ?is 0 an art ) :i* !y appe> to h be5 entirely unacqua9t$3 & 9 ! bas-relievos ( ,lor5zo ,ghib]ti1 ! ca/s ( :i* we h 9 ! ,academy1 ?is art is no m attempt$ ?an x 0 by ! ,pa9t]s ( 8 age4 ,! next imag9>y improvem5t ( ! mod]ns is ! repres5t+ ! effects ( ,p]spective 9 bas-relief4 ,( ?is little ne$ be said2 all mu/ recollect h[ ineffectual has be5 ! attempt ( mod]n ,sculptors to turn ! build+s :i* !y h introduc$ z se5 f _! angle1 ) a view to make !m appe> to rec$e f ! eye 9 p]spective4 ,?is1 ?\gh x may %[ inde$ _! eag] desire to enc\nt] difficulties1 %[s at ! same "t h[ inadequate _! mat]ials are ev5 to ?is _! humble ambition4 ,! ,anci5ts1 ) great judgm5t1 repres5t$ only ! elevation ( :atev] ar*itecture !y introduc$ into _! bas-reliefs1 :i* is compos$ ( little m ?an horizontal or p]p5dicul> l9es2 :]eas ! int]ruption ( cross$ l9es1 or :atev] causes a multiplicity ( subord9ate p>ts1 de/roys t regul>ity & firmness ( effect on :i* gr&eur ( /yle s mu* dep5ds4 ,we come n[ to ! la/ consid]ation2 9 :at mann] ,/atues are to be dress$1 :i* are made 9 hon\r ( m51 ei!r n[ liv+1 or lately dep>t$4 ,?is is a "q :i* might employ a long disc\rse ( itself2 ,i %all at pres5t only obs]ve1 t he :o wi%es n to ob/ruct ! ,arti/1 & prev5t 8 exhibit+ 8 abilities to _! greate/ advantage1 w c]ta9ly n desire a mod]n dress4 ,! desire ( transmitt+ to po/]ity ! %ape ( mod]n dress mu/ be ackn[l$g$ to be pur*as$ at a prodigi\s price1 ev5 ! price ( ev]y?+ t is valuable 9 art4 ,work+ 9 /one is a v s]i\s bus9ess2 & x seems to be sc>ce wor? :ile to employ su* durable mat]ials 9 convey+ to po/]ity a fa%ion ( :i* ! longe/ exi/5ce sc>ce exce$s a ye>4 ,h[ev] agreeable x may be to ! ,antiqu>y's pr9ciples ( equity & gratitude1 t z he has receiv$ great pleasure f ! contemplation ( ! fa%ions ( dress ( =m] ages1 he wi%es to give ! same satisfaction to future ,antiqu>ies2 yet1 me?9ks1 pictures ( an inf]ior /yle1 or pr9ts1 may be consid]$ z q suffici5t1 )\t pro/itut+ ?is great art to su* mean purposes4 ,9 ?is t[n may be se5 an ,eque/rian ,/atue 9 a mod]n dress1 :i* may be suffici5t to det] future arti/s f any su* attempt3 ev5 suppos+ no o!r objection1 ! famili>ity ( ! mod]n dress by no means agrees ) ! dignity & gravity ( ,sculpture4 ,sculpture is =mal1 regul>1 & au/]e2 disda9s all famili> objects1 z incompatible ) its dignity2 & is an enemy to e species ( affectation1 or appe>ance ( academical art4 ,all contra/1 !re=e1 ( "o figure to ano!r1 or ( ! limbs ( a s+le figure1 or ev5 9 ! folds ( ! drap]y1 mu/ be sp>+ly employ$4 ,9 %ort1 :atev] p>takes ( fancy or caprice1 or goes "u ! d5om9ation ( ,picturesque 7h[ev] to be admir$ 9 its prop] place71 is incompatible ) t sobriety & gravity :i* is peculi>ly ! *>act]i/ic ( ?is art4 ,!re is no circum/ance :i* m di/+ui%es a well-regulat$ & s\nd ta/e1 ?an a settl$ uni=mity ( design1 :]e all ! p>ts are compact1 & fitt$ to ea* o!r1 ev]y?+ be+ ( a piece4 ,?is pr9ciple ext5ds itself to all habits ( life1 z well z to all works ( art4 ,^u ?is g5]al gr\nd !re=e we may safely v5ture to pron\nce1 t ! uni=mity & simplicity ( ! mat]ials on :i* ! ,sculptor lab\rs 7:i* are only :ite m>ble71 prescribes b\nds to 8 art1 & tea*es him to conf9e himself to a proportionable simplicity ( design4 ,,footnotes3 #ab3 ,9 ! ,loggia dei ,lauzi at ,flor5ce4--,note1 ,ed4 ,,disc\rse ,,xi4 ,deliv]$ to ! ,/ud5ts ( ! ,royal ,academy1 on ! ,di/ribution ( ! ,prizes1 ,decemb] #aj1 #aghb4 ,,g5ius4--,,consi/s ,,pr9cipally ,,9 ,,! ,,compreh5sion ,,( ,a ,,:ole2 ,,9 ,,tak+ ,,g5]al ,,ideas ,,only4 ,! highe/ ambition ( e ,arti/ is to be ?\ght a man ( ,g5ius4 ,z long z ?is flatt]+ quality is jo9$ to 8 "n1 he c be> ) pati5ce ! imputation ( c>elessness1 incorrectness1 or defects ( :atev] k9d4 ,s f>1 inde$1 is ! pres5ce ( ,g5ius f imply+ an abs5ce ( faults1 t !y are consid]$ by _m z its insep>able companions4 ,"s g su* l5g?s z to take indication f !m1 & n only excuse faults on acc\nt ( ,g5ius1 b presume ,g5ius f ! exi/5ce ( c]ta9 faults4 ,x is c]ta9ly true1 t a "w may ju/ly claim ! "* ( ,g5ius1 ?\gh full ( errors2 & x is equally true1 t x may be faultless1 & yet n exhibit ! lea/ sp>k ( ,g5ius4 ,?is naturally sugge/s an inquiry1 a desire1 at lea/1 ( inquir+1 :at qualities ( a "w & ( a workman may ju/ly entitle a ,pa9t] to t "*4 ,i h 9 a =m] disc\rse#ac endeav\r$ to impress y ) a fix$ op9ion1 t a compreh5sive & critical k ( ! works ( nature is ! only s\rce ( beauty & gr&eur4 ,b :5 we speak to ,pa9t]s1 we mu/ always consid] ?is rule1 & all rules1 ) a ref]5ce to ! me*anical practice ( _! own p>ticul> ,art4 ,x is n prop]ly 9 ! le>n+1 ! ta/e1 & ! dignity ( ! ideas1 t ,g5ius appe>s z belong+ to a ,pa9t]4 ,!re is a ,g5ius p>ticul> appropriat$ to 8 own trade1 7z ,i may call x7 di/+ui%$ f all o!rs4 ,= t p[]1 :i* enables ! ,arti/ to conceive 8 subject ) dignity1 may be said to belong to g5]al education2 & is z mu* ! ,g5ius ( a ,poet1 or ! pr(essor ( any o!r lib]al ,art1 or ev5 a good critic 9 any ( ^? arts1 z ( a ,pa9t]4 ,:atev] sublime ideas may fill 8 m9d1 he is a ,pa9t]1 only z he c put 9 practice :at he kn[s1 & communicate ^? ideas by visible repres5tation4 ,if my expression c convey my idea1 ,i wi% to di/+ui% excell5ce ( ?is k9d by call+ x ! ,g5ius ( me*anical p]=mance4 ,?is ,g5ius consi/s1 ,i conceive1 9 ! p[] ( express+ t :i* employs y\r p5cil1 :atev] x may be1 z a :ole2 s t ! g5]al effect & p[] ( ! :ole may take possession ( ! m9d1 & = a :ile susp5d ! consid]ation ( ! subord9ate & p>ticul> beauties or defects4 ,! advantage ( ?is me?od ( consid]+ objects is :at ,i wi% n[ m p>ticul>ly to en=ce4 ,at ! same "t ,i d n =get1 t a ,pa9t] mu/ h ! p[] ( contract+ z well z dilat+ 8 sight2 because1 he t does n at all express p>ticul>s1 expresses no?+2 yet x is c]ta91 t a nice discrim9ation ( m9ute circum/ances1 & a punctili\s del9eation ( !m1 :atev] excell5ce x may h 7& ,i d n mean to detract f x7 nev] did conf] on ! ,arti/ ! "* ( ,g5ius4 ,beside ^? m9ute diff]5ces 9 ?+s :i* are frequ5tly n obs]v$ at all1 & :5 !y are1 made little impression1 !re are 9 all consid]able objects great *>act]i/ic di/9ctions1 :i* press /rongly on ! s5ses1 & !re=e fix ! imag9ation4 ,^! are by no means1 z "s p]sons ?9k1 an aggregate ( all ! small discrim9at+ p>ticul>s3 nor w su* an accumulation ( p>ticul>s ev] express !m4 ,^! answ] to :at ,i h he>d great lawy]s call ! lead+ po9ts 9 a case1 or ! lead+ cases relative to ^? po9ts4 ,! detail ( p>ticul>s1 :i* does n assi/ ! expression ( ! ma9 *>act]i/ic1 is worse ?an useless1 x is mis*iev\s1 z x dissipates ! att5tion1 & draws x f ! pr9cipal po9t4 ,x may be rem>k$1 t ! impression :i* is left on our m9d ev5 ( ?+s :i* are famili> to u1 is seldom m ?an _! g5]al effect2 beyond :i* we d n look 9 recognis+ su* objects4 ,to express ?is 9 ,pa9t+1 is to express :at is cong5ial & natural to ! m9d ( man1 & :at gives him by reflection 8 own mode ( conceiv+4 ,! o!r presupposes nicety & rese>*1 :i* are only ! bus9ess ( ! curi\s & att5tive1 & !re=e does n speak to ! g5]al s5se ( ! :ole species2 9 :i* common1 &1 z ,i may s call x1 "m tongue1 ev]y?+ gr& & compreh5sive mu/ be utt]$4 ,i d n mean to prescribe :at degree ( att5tion ought to be paid to ! m9ute p>ts2 ?is x is h>d to settle4 ,we are sure t x is express+ ! g5]al effect ( ! :ole1 :i* alone c give to objects _! true & t\*+ "*2 & :]ev] ?is is obs]v$1 :atev] else may be neglect$1 we ackn[l$ge ! h& ( a ,ma/]4 ,we may ev5 g fur!r1 & obs]ve1 t :5 ! g5]al effect only is pres5t$ to u by a skilful h&1 x appe>s to express ! object repres5t$ 9 a m lively mann] ?an ! m9ute/ resemblance w\ld d4 ,^! obs]vations may lead to v deep que/ions1 :i* ,i d n mean "h to discuss2 among o!rs1 x may lead to an inquiry1 ,:y we are n always pleas$ ) ! mo/ absolute possible resemblance ( an imitation to its orig9al object8 ,cases may exi/ 9 :i* su* a resemblance may be ev5 disagreeable4 ,i %all only obs]ve t ! effect ( figures 9 waxwork1 ?\gh c]ta9ly a m exact repres5tation ?an c be giv5 by ,pa9t+ or ,sculpture1 is a suffici5t pro( t ! pleasure we receive f imitation is n increas$ m]ely 9 proportion z x approa*es to m9ute & detail$ reality2 we are pleas$1 on ! contr>y1 by see+ ends accompli%$ by seem+ly inadequate means4 ,to express protub]ance by actual relief--to express ! s(tness ( fle% by ! s(tness ( wax1 seems rude & in>tificial1 & creates no grateful surprise4 ,b to express di/ances on a pla9 surface1 s(tness by h>d bodies1 & p>ticul> col\r+ by mat]ials :i* are n s+ly ( t col\r1 produces t magic :i* is ! prize & triumph ( art4 ,c>ry ?is pr9ciple a /ep fur!r4 ,suppose ! effect ( imitation to be fully compass$ by means /ill m inadequate2 let ! p[] ( a few well-*os5 /rokes1 :i* sup]s$e lab\r by judgm5t & direction1 produce a complete impression ( all t ! m9d dem&s 9 an object2 we are *>m$ ) su* an unexpect$ happ9ess ( execution1 & beg9 to be tir$ ) ! sup]flu\s dilig5ce1 :i* 9 va9 solicits an appetite already satiat$4 ,! prop]ties ( all objects1 z f> z a ,pa9t] is conc]n$ ) !m1 are1 ! outl9e or draw+1 ! col\r1 & ! light & %ade4 ,! draw+ gives ! =m1 ! col\r its visible quality1 & ! light & %ade its solidity4 ,excell5ce 9 any "o ( ^! p>ts ( art w nev] be acquir$ by an arti/1 unless he has ! habit ( look+ ^u objects at l>ge1 & obs]v+ ! effect :i* !y h on ! eye :5 x is dilat$1 & employ$ ^u ! :ole1 )\t see+ any "o ( ! p>ts di/9ctly4 ,x is by ?is t we obta9 ! rul+ *>act]i/ic1 & t we le>n to imitate x by %ort & dext]\s me?ods4 ,i d n mean by dext]ity a trick or me*anical habit1 =m$ by guess1 & e/abli%$ by cu/om2 b t sci5ce1 :i*1 by a pr(\nd k ( ends & means1 discov]s ! %orte/ & sure/ way to its own purpose4 ,if we exam9e ) a critical view ! mann] ( ^? pa9t]s :om we consid] z patt]ns1 we %all f9d t _! great fame does n proce$ f _! works be+ m highly f9i%$ ?an ^? ( o!r arti/s1 or f a m m9ute att5tion to details1 b f t enl>g$ compreh5sion :i* sees ! :ole object at once1 & t en]gy ( art :i* gives its *>act]i/ic effect by adequate expression4 ,raffaelle & ,titian are two names :i* /& ! highe/ 9 our art2 "o = ,draw+1 ! o!r = ,pa9t+4 ,! mo/ consid]able & ! mo/ e/eem$ works ( ,raffaelle are ! ,c>toons1 & 8 ,fresco works 9 ! ,vatican2 ^?1 z we all "k1 are f> f be+ m9utely f9i%$3 8 pr9cipal c>e & att5tion seems to h be5 fix$ ^u ! adju/m5t ( ! :ole1 :e!r x 0 ! g5]al composition1 or ! composition ( ea* individual figure2 = e figure may be said to be a less] :ole1 ?\gh1 9 reg>d to ! g5]al "w to :i* x belongs1 x is b a "p2 ! same may be said ( ! head1 ( ! h&s1 & feet4 ,?\gh he possess$ ?is art ( see+ & compreh5d+ ! :ole1 z f> z =m is conc]n$1 he did n ex]t ! same faculty 9 reg>d to ! g5]al effect1 :i* is pres5t$ to ! eye by col\r1 & light & %ade4 ,( ?is ! defici5cy ( 8 oil pictures1 :]e ?is excell5ce is m expect$ ?an 9 ,fresco1 is a suffici5t pro(4 ,x is to ,titian we mu/ turn our eyes to f9d excell5ce ) reg>d to col\r1 & light & %ade1 9 ! highe/ degree4 ,he 0 bo? ! fir/ & ! greate/ ma/] ( ?is art4 ,by a few /rokes he knew h[ to m>k ! g5]al image & "* ( :atev] object he attempt$2 & produc$1 by ?is alone1 a tru] repres5tation ?an 8 ma/] ,giovanni ,bell9o1 or any ( 8 pr$ecessors1 :o f9i%$ e hair4 ,8 great c>e 0 to express ! g5]al col\r1 to pres]ve ! masses ( light & %ade1 & to give by opposition ! idea ( t solidity :i* is insep>able f natural objects4 ,:5 ^? are pres]v$1 ?\gh ! "w %\ld possess no o!r m]it1 x w h 9 a prop] place its complete effect2 b :]e any ( ^! are want+1 h[ev] m9utely lab\r$ ! picture may be 9 ! detail1 ! :ole w h a false & ev5 an unf9i%$ appe>ance1 at :atev] di/ance1 or 9 :atev] light1 x c be %[n4 ,x is 9 va9 to att5d to ! v>iation ( t9ts1 if1 9 t att5tion1 ! g5]al hue ( fle% is lo/2 or to f9i% ev] s m9utely ! p>ts1 if ! masses are n obs]v$1 or ! :ole n well put toge!r4 ,vas>i seems to h _h no great disposition to fav\r ! ,v5etian ,pa9t]s1 yet he ev]y:]e ju/ly comm5ds il modo di f>e1 la mani]a1 la bella practica2 t is1 ! admirable mann] & practice ( t s*ool4 ,on ,titian1 9 p>ticul>1 he be/[s ! epi!ts ( giudicioso1 bello1 e /up5do4 ,?is mann] 0 !n new to ! _w1 b t un%ak5 tru? on :i* x is f\nd$ has fix$ x z a model to all succe$+ ,pa9t]s2 & ^? :o w exam9e into ! artifice w f9d x to consi/ 9 ! p[] ( g5]alis+1 & 9 ! %ortness & simplicity ( ! means employ$4 ,_m arti/s1 z ,vas>i likewise obs]ves1 h ignorantly imag9$ !y are imitat+ ! mann] ( ,titian :5 !y leave _! col\rs r\gh1 & neglect ! detail2 b1 n possess+ ! pr9ciples on :i* he wr\ght1 !y h produc$ :at he calls g(fe pitture1 absurd1 fooli% pictures2 = su* w always be ! consequ5ce ( affect+ dext]ity )\t sci5ce1 )\t selection1 & )\t fix$ pr9ciples4 ,raffaelle & ,titian seem to h look$ at nature = diff]5t purposes2 !y bo? _h ! p[] ( ext5d+ _! view to ! :ole2 b "o look$ only = ! g5]al effect z produc$ by =m1 ! o!r z produc$ by col\r4 ,we _c entirely refuse to ,titian ! m]it ( att5d+ to ! g5]al =m ( 8 object1 z well z col\r2 b 8 defici5cy lay1 a defici5cy1 at lea/1 :5 he is comp>$ ) ,raffaelle1 9 n possess+ ! p[] l him ( correct+ ! =m ( 8 model by any g5]al idea ( beauty 9 8 own m9d4 ,( ?is 8 ,/4 ,seba/ian is a p>ticul> in/ance4 ,?is figure appe>s to be a mo/ exact repres5tation bo? ( ! =m & ! col\r ( ! model1 :i* he !n happ5$ to h be=e him2 x has all ! =ce ( nature1 & ! col\r+ is fle% itself2 b1 unluckily1 ! model 0 ( a bad =m1 especially ! legs4 ,titian has ) z mu* c>e pres]v$ ^! defects1 z he has imitat$ ! beauty & brilliancy ( ! col\r+4 ,9 8 col\r+ he 0 l>ge & g5]al1 z 9 8 design he 0 m9ute & p>tial3 9 ! "o he 0 a g5ius1 9 ! o!r n mu* above a copi]4 ,i d n1 h[ev]1 speak n[ ( all 8 pictures3 in/ances en\gh may be produc$ 9 8 works1 :]e ^? obs]vations on 8 defects c\ld n ) any propriety be appli$2 b x is 9 ! mann] or language1 z x may be call$1 9 :i* ,titian & o!rs ( t s*ool express !mselves1 t _! *ief excell5ce lies4 ,?is mann] is 9 reality1 9 pa9t+1 :at language is 9 poetry2 we are all s5sible h[ diff]5tly ! imag9ation is affect$ by ! same s5tim5t express$ 9 diff]5t words1 & h[ mean or h[ gr& ! same object appe>s :5 pres5t$ to u by diff]5t ,pa9t]s4 ,:e!r x is ! human figure1 an animal1 or ev5 inanimate objects1 !re is no?+1 h[ev] unpromis+ 9 appe>ance1 b may be rais$ into dignity1 convey s5tim5t & produce emotion1 9 ! h&s ( a ,pa9t] ( g5ius4 ,:at 0 said ( ,virgil1 t he ?rew ev5 ! dung ab\t ! gr\nd ) an air ( dignity1 may be appli$ to ,titian3 :atev] he t\*$1 h[ev] naturally mean & habitually famili>1 by a k9d ( magic he inve/$ ) gr&eur & importance4 ,i mu/ "h obs]ve1 t ,i am n recomm5d+ a neglect ( ! detail2 inde$1 x w\ld be difficult1 if n impossible1 to prescribe c]ta9 b\nds1 & tell h[ f>1 or :51 x is to be obs]v$ or neglect$2 mu* mu/1 at la/1 be left to ! ta/e & judgm5t ( ! arti/4 ,i am well aw>e t a judici\s detail w sometimes give ! =ce ( tru? to ! "w1 & consequ5tly int]e/ ! spectator4 ,i only wi% to impress on y\r m9ds ! true di/9ction betwe5 ess5tial & subord9ate p[]s2 & to %[ :at qualities 9 ! art claim y\r *ief att5tion1 & :at may1 ) ! lea/ injury to y\r reputation1 be neglect$4 ,some?+1 p]haps1 always mu/ be neglect$2 ! less] ought !n to give way to ! great]2 & s9ce e "w c h b a limit$ "t allott$ to x 7= ev5 suppos+ a :ole life to be employ$ ab\t "o picture1 x is /ill limit$71 x appe>s m reasonable to employ t "t to ! be/ advantage1 9 contriv+ v>i\s me?ods ( compos+ ! "w1--9 try+ diff]5t effects ( light & %ad[1--& employ+ ! lab\r ( correction 9 height5+1 by a judici\s adju/m5t ( ! p>ts1 ! effects ( ! :ole1--?an t ! "t %\ld be tak5 up 9 m9utely f9i%+ ^? p>ts4 ,b !re is ano!r k9d ( high f9i%+1 :i* may safely be condemn$1 z x seems to c\nt]act its own purpose2 t is1 :5 ! arti/1 to avoid t h>dness :i* proce$s f ! outl9e cutt+ aga9/ ! gr\nd1 s(t5s & bl5ds ! col\rs to excess2 ?is is :at ! ignorant call high f9i%+1 b :i* t5ds to de/roy ! brilliancy ( col\r1 & ! true effect ( repres5tation2 :i* consi/s v mu* 9 pres]v+ ! same proportion ( %>pness & bluntness t is f\nd 9 natural objects4 ,?is extreme s(t5+1 in/ead ( produc+ ! effect ( s(tness1 gives ! appe>ance ( ivory1 or "s o!r h>d sub/ance1 highly poli%$4 ,! portraits ( ,cornelius ,jans5 appe> to h ?is defect1 & consequ5tly want t suppl5ess :i* is ! *>act]i/ic ( fle%2 :]eas1 9 ! works ( ,v&yke we f9d ! true mixture ( s(tness & h>dness p]fectly obs]v$4 ,! same defect may be f\nd 9 ! mann] ( ,v&]w]f1 9 opposition to t ( ,t5i]s2 & su* also1 we may add1 is ! mann] ( ,raffaelle 9 8 oil pictures1 9 comp>ison ) t ( ,titian4 ,! "n :i* ,raffaelle has s ju/ly ma9ta9$ z ! fir/ ( ,pa9t]s1 we may v5ture to say 0 n acquir$ by ?is labori\s att5tion4 ,8 apology may be made by say+ t x 0 ! mann] ( 8 c\ntry2 b if he _h express$ 8 ideas ) ! facility & eloqu5ce1 z x may be call$1 ( ,titian1 8 works w\ld c]ta9ly n h be5 less excell5t2 & t praise1 :i* ages & nations h p\r$ out ^u him1 = possess+ ,g5ius 9 ! high] atta9m5ts ( art1 w\ld h be5 ext5d$ to !m all4 ,^? :o are n conv]sant 9 works ( art1 are (t5 surpris$ at ! high value set by connoisseurs on draw+s :i* appe> c>eless1 & 9 e respect unf9i%$2 b !y are truly valuable2 & _! value arises f ?is1 t !y give ! idea ( an :ole2 & ?is :ole is (t5 express$ by a dext]\s facility :i* indicates ! true p[] ( a ,pa9t]1 ev5 ?\gh r\ghly ex]t$2 :e!r x consi/s 9 ! g5]al composition1 or ! g5]al =m ( ea* figure1 or ! turn ( ! attitude :i* be/[s grace & elegance4 ,all ?is we may see fully exemplifi$ 9 ! v skilful draw+s ( ,p>megiano & ,correggio4 ,on :atev] acc\nt we value ^! draw+s1 x is c]ta9ly n = high f9i%+1 or a m9ute att5tion to p>ticul>s4 ,excell5ce 9 e "p1 & 9 e prov9ce ( our art1 f ! highe/ /yle ( hi/ory d[n to ! resemblances ( /ill-life1 w dep5d on ?is p[] ( ext5d+ ! att5tion at once to ! :ole1 )\t :i* ! greate/ dilig5ce is va94 ,i wi% y to be> 9 m9d1 t :5 ,i speak ( an :ole1 ,i d n mean simply an :ole z belong+ to composition1 b an :ole ) respect to ! g5]al /yle ( col\r+2 an :ole ) reg>d to ! light & %ade2 an :ole ( ev]y?+ :i* may sep>ately become ! ma9 object ( a ,pa9t]4 ,i rememb] a ,l&scape-pa9t] 9 ,rome1 :o 0 kn[n by ! "n ( ,,/udio1 f 8 pati5ce 9 high f9i%+1 9 :i* he ?\ght ! :ole excell5ce ( art consi/$2 s t he once endeav\r$1 z he said1 to repres5t e individual leaf on a tree4 ,?is picture ,i nev] saw2 b ,i am v sure t an arti/ :o look$ only at ! g5]al "* ( ! species1 ! ord] ( ! bran*es1 & ! masses ( ! foliage1 w\ld 9 a few m9utes produce a m true resemblance ( trees ?an ?is ,pa9t] 9 z _m mon?s4 ,a ,l&scape-pa9t] c]ta9ly ought to /udy anatomically 7if ,i may use ! expression7 all ! objects :i* he pa9ts2 b :5 he is to turn 8 /udies to use1 8 skill1 z a man ( g5ius1 w be display$ 9 %[+ ! g5]al effect1 pres]v+ ! same degree ( h>dness & s(tness :i* ! objects h 9 nature2 = he applies himself to ! imag9ation1 n to ! curiosity1 & works n = ! ,virtuoso or ! ,naturali/1 b = ! common obs]v] ( life & nature4 ,:5 he kn[s 8 subject1 he w "k n only :at to describe1 b :at to omit3 & ?is skill 9 leav+ out is1 9 all ?+s1 a great "p ( k & wisdom4 ,! same excell5ce ( mann] :i* ,titian display$ 9 ,hi/ory or ,portrait-pa9t+ is equally conspicu\s 9 8 ,l&scapes1 :e!r !y are pr(ess$ly su*1 or s]ve only z backgr\nds4 ,"o ( ! mo/ em95t ( ?is latt] k9d is to be f\nd 9 ! picture ( ,/4 ,pietro ,m>tire4 ,! l>ge trees1 :i* are "h introduc$1 are pla9ly di/+ui%$ f ea* o!r by ! diff]5t mann] ) :i* ! bran*es %oot f _! trunks1 z well z by _! diff]5t foliage2 & ! we$s 9 ! =egr\nd are v>i$ 9 ! same mann]1 j z mu* z v>iety requires1 & no m4 ,:5 ,alg>otii1 speak+ ( ?is picture1 praises x = ! m9ute discrim9ations ( ! leaves & plants1 ev51 z he says1 to excite ! admiration ( a ,botani/1 8 int5tion 0 und\bt$ly to give praise ev5 at ! exp5se ( tru?2 = he mu/ h kn[n t ?is is n ! "* ( ! picture2 b connoisseurs w always f9d 9 pictures :at !y ?9k !y ought to f9d3 he 0 n aw>e t he 0 giv+ a description injuri\s to ! reputation ( ,titian4 ,su* acc\nts may be v hurtful to "y arti/s1 :o nev] h _h an opportunity ( see+ ! "w describ$2 & !y may possibly conclude t ?is great ,arti/ acquir$ ! "n ( ! ,div9e ,titian f 8 em95t att5tion to su* trifl+ circum/ances1 :i* 9 reality w\ld n raise him above ! level ( ! mo/ ord9>y ,pa9t]4 ,we may ext5d ^! obs]vations ev5 to :at seems to h b a s+le1 & t an individual object4 ,! excell5ce ( ,portrait-pa9t+1 &1 we may add1 ev5 ! lik5ess1 ! "*1 & c\nt5ance1 z ,i h obs]v$ 9 ano!r place1 dep5d m ^u ! g5]al effect produc$ by ! ,pa9t] ?an on ! exact expression ( ! peculi>ities1 or m9ute discrim9ation ( ! p>ts4 ,! *ief att5tion ( ! arti/ is !re=e employ$ 9 plant+ ! features 9 _! prop] places1 :i* s mu* contributes to giv+ ! effect & true impression ( ! :ole4 ,! v peculi>ities may be r$uc$ to classes & g5]al descriptions2 & !re are !re=e l>ge ideas to be f\nd ev5 9 ?is contract$ subject4 ,he may aft]w>ds lab\r s+le features to :at degree he ?9ks prop]1 b let him n =get cont9ually to exam9e1 :e!r 9 f9i%+ ! p>ts he is n de/roy+ ! g5]al effect4 ,x is c]ta9ly a ?+ to be wi%$1 t all excell5ce 7 appli$ to illu/rate subjects t are int]e/+ & wor?y ( be+ commemorat$2 :]eas1 ( half ! pictures t are 9 ! _w1 ! subject c be valu$ only z an occasion :i* set ! arti/ to "w2 & yet1 our high e/imation ( su* pictures1 )\t consid]+1 or p]haps )\t kn[+ ! subject1 %[s h[ mu* our att5tion is engag$ by ! art alone4 ,p]haps no?+ t we c say w s cle>ly %[ ! advantage & excell5ce ( ?is faculty1 z t x conf]s ! "* ( ,g5ius on works t pret5d to no o!r m]it2 9 :i* is nei!r expression1 "*1 or dignity1 & :]e none are int]e/$ 9 ! subject4 ,we _c refuse ! "* ( ,g5ius to ! m>riage ( ,paolo ,v]onese )\t oppos+ ! g5]al s5se ( mank9d 7great au?orities h call$ x ! triumph ( ,pa9t+71 or to ! alt> ( ,/4 ,augu/9e at ,antw]p1 by ,rub5s1 :i* equally des]ves t title1 & = ! same reason4 ,nei!r ( ^? pictures h any int]e/+ /ory to support !m4 ,t ( ,paolo ,v]onese is only a repres5tation ( a great conc\rse ( p at a d9n]2 & ! subject ( ,rub5s1 if x may be call$ a subject :]e no?+ is do+1 is an assembly ( v>i\s ,sa9ts t liv$ 9 diff]5t ages4 ,! :ole excell5ce ( ^? pictures consi/s 9 me*anical dext]ity1 work+1 h[ev]1 "u ! influ5ce ( t compreh5sive faculty :i* ,i h s (t5 m5tion$4 ,x is by ?is1 & ?is alone1 t ! me*anical p[] is ennobl$1 & rais$ mu* above its natural rank4 ,& x appe>s to me1 t ) propriety x acquires ?is "*1 z an in/ance ( t sup]iority ) :i* m9d pr$om9ates ov] matt]1 by contract+ into "o :ole :at nature has made multif>i\s4 ,! great advantage ( ?is idea ( a :ole is1 t a great] quantity ( tru? may be said to be conta9$ & express$ 9 a few l9es or t\*es ?an 9 ! mo/ labori\s f9i%+ ( ! p>ts :]e ?is is n reg>d$4 ,x is ^u ?is f\ndation t x /&s2 & ! ju/ness ( ! obs]vation w\ld be confirm$ by ! ignorant 9 art1 if x 7 possible to take _! op9ions uns$uc$ by "s false notion ( :at !y imag9e !y ought to see 9 a ,picture4 ,z x is an art1 !y ?9k !y ought to be pleas$ 9 proportion z !y see t art o/5tati\sly display$2 !y w1 f ?is supposition1 pref] neatness1 high-f9i%+1 & gaudy col\r+1 to ! tru?1 simplicity1 & unity ( nature4 ,p]haps1 too1 ! totally ignorant behold]1 l ! ignorant arti/1 _c compreh5d an :ole1 nor ev5 :at x means4 ,b if false notions d n anticipate _! p]ceptions1 !y :o are capable ( obs]vation1 & :o1 pret5d+ to no skill1 look only /raight =w>d1 w praise & condemn 9 proportion z ! ,pa9t] has succe$$ 9 ! effect ( ! :ole4 ,"h1 g5]al satisfaction1 or g5]al dislike1 ?\gh p]haps despis$ by ! ,pa9t]1 z proce$+ f ! ignorance ( ! pr9ciples ( art1 may yet help to regulate 8 conduct1 & br+ back 8 att5tion to t :i* ought to be 8 pr9cipal object1 & f :i* he has deviat$ = ! sake ( m9ut] beauties4 ,an in/ance ( ?is "r judgm5t ,i once saw 9 a *ild1 9 go+ ?r\gh a gall]y :]e !re 7 _m portraits ( ! la/ ages1 :i*1 ?\gh neatly put out ( h&1 7 v ill put toge!r4 ,! *ild paid no att5tion to ! neat f9i%+ or naturalness ( any bit ( drap]y1 b appe>$ to obs]ve only ! ungracefulness ( ! p]sons repres5t$1 & put h]self 9 ! po/ure ( e figure :i* %e saw 9 a =c$ & awkw>d attitude4 ,! c5sure ( nature1 un9=m$1 fa/5$ ^u ! greate/ fault t c\ld be 9 a picture1 because x relat$ to ! "* & managem5t ( ! :ole4 ,i %\ld be sorry if :at has be5 said %\ld be und]/ood to h any t5d5cy to enc\rage t c>elessness :i* leaves "w 9 an unf9i%$ /ate4 ,i comm5d no?+ = ! want ( exactness2 ,i mean to po9t out t k9d ( exactness :i* is ! be/1 & :i* is alone truly to be e/eem$4 ,s f> is my disquisition f giv+ c\nt5ance to idl5ess1 t !re is no?+ 9 our art :i* en=ces su* cont9ual ex]tion & circumspection1 z an att5tion to ! g5]al effect ( ! :ole4 ,x requires mu* /udy & mu* practice2 x requires ! ,pa9t]'s entire m9d2 :]eas ! p>ts may be f9i%+ by nice t\*es1 :ile 8 m9d is engag$ on o!r matt]s2 he may ev5 he> a play or a novel read )\t mu* di/urbance4 ,! arti/ :o flatt]s 8 own indol5ce w cont9ually f9d himself evad+ ?is active ex]tion1 & apply+ 8 ?\ghts to ! ease & laz9ess ( highly f9i%+ ! p>ts1 produc+ at la/ :at ,c[ley calls labori\s effects ( idl5ess4 ,no "w c be too mu* f9i%$1 provid$ ! dilig5ce employ$ be direct$ to its prop] object2 b ,i h obs]v$ t an excessive lab\r 9 ! detail has1 n9e times 9 t51 be5 p]nici\s to ! g5]al effect1 ev5 :5 x has be5 ! lab\r ( great ma/]s4 ,x indicates a bad *oice1 :i* is an ill sett+ out 9 any und]tak+4 ,to give a "r direction to y\r indu/ry has be5 my pr9cipal purpose 9 ?is disc\rse4 ,x is ?is :i* ,i am confid5t (t5 makes ! diff]5ce betwe5 two ,/ud5ts ( equal capacities1 & ( equal indu/ry4 ,:ile ! "o is employ+ 8 lab\r on m9ute objects ( little consequ5ce1 ! o!r is acquir+ ! art1 & p]fect+ ! habit1 ( see+ nature 9 an ext5sive view1 9 its prop] proportions1 & its due subord9ation ( p>ts4 ,be=e ,i conclude1 ,i mu/ make "o obs]vation suffici5tly connect$ ) ! pres5t subject4 ,! same ext5sion ( m9d :i* gives ! excell5ce ( ,g5ius to ! !ory & me*anical practice ( ! art1 w direct him likewise 9 ! me?od ( /udy1 & give him ! sup]iority ov] ^? :o n>r[ly foll[ a m conf9$ track ( p>tial imitation4 ,:oev]1 9 ord] to f9i% 8 education1 %\ld travel to ,italy1 & sp5d 8 :ole "t !re only 9 copy+ pictures1 & measur+ /atues or build+s 7?\gh ^! ?+s are n to be neglect$71 w\ld return ) little improvem5t4 ,he t imitates ! ,iliad1 says ,dr4 ,"y1 is n imitat+ ,hom]4 ,x is n by lay+ up 9 ! memory ! p>ticul> details ( any ( ! great works ( art t any man becomes a great arti/1 if he /ops )\t mak+ himself ma/] ( ! g5]al pr9ciples on :i* ^! works are conduct$4 ,if he ev5 hopes to rival ^? :om he admires1 he mu/ consid] _! works z ! means ( tea*+ him ! true art ( see+ nature4 ,:5 ?is is acquir$1 he !n may be said to h appropriat$ _! p[]s1 or1 at lea/1 ! f\ndation ( _! p[]s1 to himself2 ! re/ mu/ dep5d ^u 8 own indu/ry & application4 ,! great bus9ess ( /udy is1 to =m a m9d1 adapt$ & adequate to all times & all occasions2 to :i* all nature is !n laid op51 & :i* may be said to possess ! key ( h] inexhau/ible ri*es4 ,,footnotes3 #ac3 ,disc\rse ,,iii4 ,,disc\rse ,,xii4 ,deliv]$ to ! ,/ud5ts ( ! ,royal ,academy1 on ! ,di/ribution ( ! ,prizes1 ,decemb] #aj1 #aghd4 ,,p>ticul> ,,me?ods ,,( ,,/udy ,,( ,,little ,,consequ5ce4--,,little ,,( ,,! ,,art ,,c ,,be ,,taught4--,,love ,,( ,,me?od ,,(t5 ,a ,,love ,,( ,,idl5ess4--,,pittori ,,improvvisatori ,,apt ,,to ,,be ,,c>eless ,,& ,,incorrect2 ,,seldom ,,orig9al ,,& ,,/rik+4--,,?is ,,proce$s ,,f ,,_! ,,n ,,/udy+ ,,! ,,works ,,( ,,o!r ,,ma/]s4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! situation 9 :i* ,i h ! hon\r to be plac$ 9 ?is ,academy1 x has (t5 happ5$ t ,i h be5 consult$ by ! "y ,/ud5ts :o int5d to sp5d "s ye>s 9 ,italy1 conc]n+ ! me?od ( regulat+ _! /udies4 ,i am1 z ,i ought to be1 solicit\sly desir\s to communicate ! entire result ( my exp]i5ce & obs]vation2 & ?\gh my op5ness & facility 9 giv+ my op9ions might make "s am5ds = :atev] 0 defective 9 !m1 yet ,i fe> my answ]s h n (t5 giv5 satisfaction4 ,inde$1 ,i h nev] be5 sure t ,i und]/ood p]fectly :at !y meant1 & 0 n )\t "s suspicion t !y _h n !mselves v di/9ct ideas ( ! object ( _! inquiry4 ,if ! in=mation requir$ 01 by :at means ! pa? t leads to excell5ce c\ld be discov]$2 if !y wi%$ to "k :om !y 7 to take = _! guides2 :at to adh]e to1 & :at to avoid2 :]e !y 7 to bait1 & :]e !y 7 to take up _! re/2 :at 0 to be ta/$ only1 & :at %\ld be _! diet2 su* g5]al directions are c]ta9ly prop] = a ,/ud5t to ask1 & = me1 to ! be/ ( my capacity1 to give2 b ^! rules h be5 already giv52 !y h1 9 reality1 be5 ! subject ( almo/ all my ,disc\rses f ?is place4 ,b ,i am r incl9$ to ?9k1 t by me?od ( /udy1 x 0 meant 7z sev]al d mean7 t ! times & ! seasons %\ld be prescrib$1 & ! ord] settl$1 9 :i* ev]y?+ 0 to be done3 t x might be useful to po9t out to :at degree ( excell5ce "o "p ( ! ,art 0 to be c>ri$ be=e ! ,/ud5t proce$$ to ! next2 h[ long he 0 to cont9ue to draw f ! anci5t /atues1 :5 to beg9 to compose1 & :5 to apply to ! /udy ( col\r+4 ,su* a detail ( in/ruction might be ext5d$ ) a great deal ( plausible & o/5tati\s amplification4 ,b x w\ld at be/ be useless4 ,our /udies w be =ev]1 9 a v great degree1 "u ! direction ( *ance2 l travell]s1 we mu/ take :at we c get1 & :5 we c get x2 :e!r x is or is n adm9i/]$ to u 9 ! mo/ commodi\s mann]1 9 ! mo/ prop] place1 or at ! exact m9ute :5 we w\ld wi% to h x4 ,treatises on education & me?od ( /udy h always appe>$ to me to h "o g5]al fault4 ,!y proce$ ^u a false supposition ( life2 z if we possess$ n only a p[] ov] ev5ts & circum/ances1 b _h a great] p[] ov] ourselves ?an ,i believe any ( u w be f\nd to possess4 ,in/ead ( suppos+ ourselves to be p]fect patt]ns ( wisdom & virtue1 x seems to me m reasonable to treat ourselves 7z ,i am sure we mu/ n[ & !n treat o!rs7 l humorsome *ildr51 ^: fancies are (t5 to be indulg$1 9 ord] to keep !m 9 good hum\r ) !mselves & _! pursuits4 ,x is necess>y to use "s artifice ( ?is k9d 9 all processes :i* by _! v nature are long1 t$i\s1 & complex1 9 ord] to prev5t our tak+ t av]sion to our /udies :i* ! cont9ual %ackles ( me?odical re/ra9t are sure to produce4 ,i w\ld r wi% a /ud5t1 z soon z he goes abroad1 to employ himself ^u :atev] he has be5 incit$ to by any imm$iate impulse1 ?an to g sluggi%ly ab\t a prescrib$ task2 :atev] he does 9 su* a /ate ( m9d1 little advantage accrues f x1 z no?+ s9ks deep en\gh to leave any la/+ impression2 & x is impossible t any?+ %\ld be well und]/ood1 or well done1 t is tak5 into a reluctant und]/&+1 & execut$ ) a s]vile h&4 ,x is desirable1 & inde$ is necess>y to intellectual heal?1 t ! m9d %\ld be recreat$ & refre%$ ) a v>iety 9 our /udies2 t 9 ! irksom5ess ( uni=m pursuit we %\ld be reliev$1 &1 if ,i may s say1 deceiv$1 z mu* z possible4 ,besides1 ! m9ds ( m5 are s v diff]5tly con/itut$1 t x is impossible to f9d "o me?od :i* %all be suitable to all4 ,x is ( no use to prescribe to ^? :o h no tal5ts2 & ^? :o h tal5ts w f9d me?ods = !mselves--me?ods dictat$ to !m by _! own p>ticul> dispositions1 & by ! exp]i5ce ( _! own p>ticul> necessities4 ,h[ev]1 ,i w\ld n be und]/ood to ext5d ?is doctr9e to ! y\ng] /ud5ts4 ,! fir/ "p ( ! life ( a /ud5t1 l t ( o!r s*ool-boys1 mu/ necess>ily be a life ( re/ra9t4 ,! gramm>1 ! rudim5ts1 h[ev] unpalatable1 mu/ at all ev5ts be ma/]$4 ,aft] a habit is acquir$ ( draw+ correctly f ! model 7:atev] x may be7 :i* he has be=e him1 ! re/1 ,i ?9k1 may be safely left to *ance2 always suppos+ t ! /ud5t is employ$1 & t 8 /udies are direct$ to ! prop] object4 ,a passion = 8 art1 & an eag] desire to excel1 w m ?an supply ! place ( me?od4 ,by leav+ a /ud5t to himself he may possibly inde$ be l$ to und]take matt]s above 8 /r5g?2 b ! trial w at lea/ h ?is advantage--x w discov] to himself 8 own defici5cies2 & ?is discov]y alone is a v consid]able acquisition4 ,"o inconv5i5ce1 ,i ackn[l$ge1 may att5d bold & ardu\s attempts2 frequ5t failure may disc\rage4 ,?is evil1 h[ev]1 is n m p]nici\s ?an ! sl[ pr(ici5cy :i* is ! natural consequ5ce ( too easy tasks4 ,:atev] advantages me?od may h 9 despat* ( bus9ess 7& !re x c]ta9ly has _m71 ,i h b little confid5ce ( its efficacy 9 acquir+ excell5ce 9 any art :atev]4 ,inde$1 ,i h always /rongly suspect$ t ?is love ( me?od1 on :i* "s p]sons appe> to place s great indep5d5ce1 is1 9 reality1 at ! bottom1 a love ( idl5ess1 a want ( suffici5t en]gy to put !mselves into imm$iate action3 x is a sort ( an apology to !mselves = do+ no?+4 ,i h kn[n arti/s :o may truly be said to h sp5t _! :ole lives1 or at lea/ ! mo/ preci\s "p ( _! lives1 9 plann+ me?ods ( /udy1 )\t ev] beg9n+2 resolv+1 h[ev]1 to put x all 9 practice at "s "t or o!r--:5 a c]ta9 p]iod arrives--:5 prop] conv5i5ces are procur$--or :5 !y remove to a c]ta9 place bett] calculat$ = /udy4 ,x is n uncommon = su* p]sons to g abroad ) ! mo/ hone/ & s9c]e resolution ( /udy+ h>d1 :5 !y %all arrive at ! end ( _! j\rney4 ,! same want ( ex]tion1 aris+ f ! same cause :i* made !m at home put (f ! day ( lab\r until !y _h f\nd a prop] s*eme = x1 /ill cont9ues 9 ,italy1 & !y consequ5tly return home ) little1 if any1 improvem5t4 ,9 ! practice ( art1 z well z 9 morals1 x is necess>y to keep a wat*ful & jeal\s eye ov] ourselves2 idl5ess1 assum+ ! speci\s disguise ( indu/ry1 w lull to sleep all suspicion ( our want ( an active ex]tion ( /r5g?4 ,a provision ( endless app>atus1 a bu/le ( inf9ite inquiry & rese>*1 or ev5 ! m]e me*anical lab\r ( copy+1 may be employ$1 to evade & %uffle (f real lab\r--! real lab\r ( ?9k+4 ,i h decl9$ = ^! reasons to po9t out any p>ticul> me?od & c\rse ( /udy to "y ,arti/s on _! arrival 9 ,italy4 ,i h left x to _! own prud5ce1 a prud5ce :i* w gr[ & improve ^u !m 9 ! c\rse ( unremitt$1 ard5t indu/ry1 direct$ by a real love ( _! pr(ession1 & an unfeign$ admiration ( ^? :o h be5 univ]sally admitt$ z patt]ns ( excell5ce 9 ! art4 ,9 ! ex]cise ( t g5]al prud5ce1 ,i %all "h submit to _! consid]ation su* miscellane\s obs]vations z h occurr$ to me on consid]+ ! mi/ak5 notions or evil habits1 :i* h prev5t$ t progress t[>ds excell5ce1 :i* ! natural abilities ( sev]al ,arti/s might o!rwise h enabl$ !m to make4 ,false op9ions & vici\s habits h done f> m mis*ief to /ud5ts1 & to ,pr(essors too1 ?an any wrong me?ods ( /udy4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( slo?1 or ( "s mi/ak5 notion1 is t disposition :i* always wants to lean on o!r m54 ,"s ,/ud5ts are always talk+ ( ! prodigi\s progress !y %\ld make1 if !y c\ld b h ! advantage ( be+ taught by "s p>ticul> em95t ,ma/]4 ,to him !y w\ld wi% to transf] t c>e :i* !y ought & mu/ take ( !mselves4 ,su* are to be told1 t aft] ! rudim5ts are pa/1 v little ( our ,art c be taught by o!rs4 ,! mo/ skilful ,ma/] c d little m ?an put ! end ( ! clue into ! h&s ( 8 ,s*ol>1 by :i* he mu/ conduct himself4 ,x is true1 ! beauties & defects ( ! works ( our pr$ecessors may be po9t$ out2 ! pr9ciples on :i* _! works are conduct$ may be expla9$2 ! great examples ( ,anci5t ,art may be spread out be=e !m2 b ! mo/ sumptu\s ent]ta9m5t is prep>$ 9 va91 if ! gue/s w n take ! tr\ble ( help+ !mselves4 ,ev5 ! ,academy itself1 :]e e conv5i5ce = /udy is procur$ & laid be=e !m1 may1 f t v circum/ance1 f leav+ no difficulties to be enc\nt]$ 9 ! pursuit1 cause a remission ( _! indu/ry4 ,x is n uncommon to see "y arti/s1 :il/ !y are /ruggl+ ) e ob/acle 9 _! way1 ex]t !mselves ) su* success z to out/rip competitors possess$ ( e means ( improvem5t4 ,! promis+ expectation :i* 0 =m$1 on s mu* be+ done ) s little means1 has recomm5d$ !m to a ,patron1 :o has suppli$ !m ) e conv5i5ce ( /udy2 f t "t _! indu/ry & eag]ness ( pursuit has =sak5 !m2 !y /& /ill1 & see o!rs ru% on be=e !m4 ,su* m5 are l c]ta9 animals1 :o w fe$ only :5 !re is b little prov5d]1 & t got at ) difficulty ?r\gh ! b>s ( a rack1 b refuse to t\* x :5 !re is an abundance be=e !m4 ,p]haps su* a fall+ (f may proce$ f ! faculties be+ ov]p[]$ by ! imm5sity ( ! mat]ials2 z ! travell] despairs ev] to arrive at ! end ( 8 j\rney :5 ! :ole ext5t ( ! road :i* he is to pass is at once display$ to 8 view4 ,among ! fir/ moral qualities1 !re=e1 :i* a ,/ud5t ought to cultivate1 is a j & manly confid5ce 9 himself1 or r 9 ! effects ( t p]sev]+ indu/ry :i* he is resolv$ to possess4 ,:5 ,raffaelle1 by means ( 8 connection ) ,bramante1 ! ,pope's ,ar*itect1 0 fix$ ^u to adorn ! ,vatican ) 8 works1 he _h done no?+ t m>k$ 9 him any great sup]iority ov] 8 contempor>ies2 ?\gh he 0 !n b "y1 he _h "u 8 direction ! mo/ consid]able ,arti/s ( 8 age2 & we "k :at k9d ( m5 ^? 72 a less] m9d w\ld h sunk "u su* a weight2 & if we %\ld judge f ! meek & g5tle disposition :i* we are told 0 ! "* ( ,raffaelle1 we might expect ?is w\ld h happ5$ to him2 b 8 /r5g? appe>$ to increase 9 proportion z ex]tion 0 requir$2 & x is n improbable t we are indebt$ to ! good =tune :i* fir/ plac$ him 9 t conspicu\s situation = ^? great examples ( excell5ce :i* he has left u4 ,! obs]vations to :i* ,i =m]ly wi%$1 & n[ desire1 to po9t y\r att5tion1 relate n to errors :i* are committ$ by ^? :o h no claim to m]it1 b to ^? inadv]t5cies into :i* m5 ( p>ts only c fall by ! ov]rat+ or ! abuse ( "s real1 ?\gh p]haps subord9ate1 excell5ce4 ,! errors la/ allud$ to are ^? ( backw>d1 timid *>act]s2 :at ,i %all n[ speak ( belong to ano!r class--to ^? ,arti/s :o are di/+ui%$ = ! read9ess & facility ( _! inv5tion4 ,x is und\bt$ly a spl5did & desirable accompli%m5t to be able to design in/antane\sly any giv5 subject4 ,x is an excell5ce t ,i believe e ,arti/ w\ld wi% to possess2 b unluckily1 ! mann] 9 :i* ?is dext]ity is acquir$ habituates ! m9d to be cont5t$ ) fir/ ?\ghts )\t *oice or selection4 ,! judgm5t1 aft] x has be5 long passive1 by degrees loses its p[] ( becom+ active :5 ex]tion is necess>y4 ,:oev]1 !re=e1 has ?is tal5t1 mu/ 9 "s measure undo :at he has _h ! habit ( do+1 or at lea/ give a new turn to 8 m9d3 great works1 :i* are to live & /& ! criticism ( po/]ity1 are n p]=m$ at a heat4 ,a proportionable "t is requir$ = delib]ation & circumspection4 ,i rememb] :5 ,i 0 at ,rome look+ at ! fight+ ,gladiator1 9 company ) an em95t ,sculptor1 & ,i express$ my admiration ( ! skill ) :i* ! :ole is compos$1 & ! m9ute att5tion ( ! ,arti/ to ! *ange ( e muscle 9 t mom5t>y ex]tion ( /r5g?3 he 0 ( op9ion t a "w s p]fect requir$ ne>ly ! :ole life ( man to p]=m4 ,i believe1 if we look ar\nd u1 we %all f9d1 t 9 ! si/] art ( ,poetry1 :at has be5 soon done has be5 z soon =gott54 ,! judgm5t & practice ( a great ,poet on ?is occasion is wor?y att5tion4 ,meta/asio1 :o has s mu* & ju/ly di/+ui%$ himself ?r\gh\t ,europe1 at 8 outset 0 an ,improvvisatore1 or extempore ,poet1 a description ( m5 n uncommon 9 ,italy3 x is n long s9ce he 0 ask$ by a fri5d1 if he did n ?9k ! cu/om ( inv5t+ & recit+ extempore1 :i* he practis$ :5 a boy 9 8 "* ( an ,improvvisatore1 might n be consid]$ z a happy beg9n+ ( 8 education2 he ?\ght x1 on ! contr>y1 a disadvantage to him3 he said t he _h acquir$ by t habit a c>elessness & incorrectness1 :i* x co/ him mu* tr\ble to ov]come1 & to sub/itute 9 ! place ( x a totally diff]5t habit1 t ( ?9k+ ) selection1 & ( express+ himself ) correctness & precision4 ,h[ev] extraord9>y x may appe>1 x is c]ta9ly true1 t ! inv5tions ( ! ,pittori improvvisatori1 z !y may be call$1 h--not)/&+ ! common boa/ ( _! au?ors1 t all is spun f _! own bra9--v r>ely any?+ t has 9 ! lea/ ! air ( orig9ality3--_! compositions are g5]ally commonplace1 un9t]e/+1 )\t "* or expression2 l ^? fl[]y spee*es t we sometimes he>1 :i* impress no new ideas on ! m9d4 ,i w\ld n be ?\ght1 h[ev]1 by :at has be5 said1 to oppose ! use1 ! advantage1 ! necessity !re is1 ( a ,pa9t]'s be+ readily able to express 8 ideas by sket*+4 ,! fur!r he c c>ry su* designs ! bett]4 ,! evil to be appreh5d$ is1 8 re/+ !re1 & n correct+ !m aft]w>ds f nature1 or tak+ ! tr\ble to look ab\t him = :atev] assi/ance ! works ( o!rs w af=d him4 ,we are n to suppose t :5 a ,pa9t] sits d[n to delib]ate on any "w1 he has all 8 k to seek2 he mu/ n only be able to draw extempore ! human figure 9 e v>iety ( action1 b he mu/ be acqua9t$ likewise ) ! g5]al pr9ciples ( composition1 & possess a habit ( =esee+1 :ile he is compos+1 ! effect ( ! masses ( light & %ad[ t w att5d su* a disposition4 ,8 m9d is entirely occupi$ by 8 att5tion to ! :ole4 ,x is a subsequ5t consid]ation to det]m9e ! attitude & expression ( individual figures4 ,x is 9 ?is p]iod ( 8 "w t ,i w\ld recomm5d to e arti/ to look ov] 8 portfolio1 or pocket-book1 9 :i* he has treasur$ up all ! happy inv5tions1 all ! extraord9>y & expressive attitudes1 t he has met ) 9 ! c\rse ( 8 /udies2 n only = ! sake ( borr[+ f ^? /udies :atev] may be applicable to 8 own "w1 b likewise on acc\nt ( ! great advantage he w receive by br++ ! ideas ( great ,arti/s m di/9ctly be=e 8 m9d1 :i* w tea* him to inv5t o!r figures 9 a simil> /yle4 ,sir ,francis ,bacon speaks ) approbation ( ! pro-vision>y me?ods ,demo/h5es & ,cic]o employ$ to assi/ _! inv5tion2 & illu/rates _! use by a qua9t comp>ison aft] 8 mann]4 ,^! p>ticul> ,/udios be+ n imm$iately connect$ ) our art1 ,i ne$ n cite ! passage ,i allude to1 & %all only obs]ve t su* prep>ation totally opposes ! g5]al receiv$ op9ions t are float+ 9 ! _w conc]n+ g5ius & inspiration4 ,! same great man 9 ano!r place1 speak+ ( 8 own essays1 rem>ks1 t !y treat ( ^? ?+s1 :]e9 bo? m5's lives & p]sons are mo/ conv]sant1 :]e( a man %all f9d mu* 9 exp]i5ce1 b little 9 books3 !y are !n :at an arti/ w\ld naturally call inv5tion2 & yet we may suspect t ev5 ! g5ius ( ,bacon1 great z x 01 w\ld nev] h be5 enabl$ to h made ^? obs]vations1 if 8 m9d _h n be5 tra9$ & discipl9$ by read+ ! obs]vations ( o!rs4 ,nor c\ld he )\t su* read+ h kn[n t ^? op9ions 7 n to be f\nd 9 o!r books4 ,i "k !re are _m ,arti/s ( great fame :o appe> nev] to h look$ out ( !mselves1 & :o probably w\ld ?9k x d]ogatory to _! "* to be suppos$ to borr[ f any o!r ,pa9t]4 ,b :5 we recollect1 & comp>e ! works ( su* m5 ) ^? :o took to _! assi/ance ! inv5tions ( o!rs1 we %all be conv9c$ ( ! great advantage ( ?is latt] practice4 ,! two m5 mo/ em95t = read9ess ( inv5tion1 t occur to me1 are ,luca ,giordano & ,la ,fage2 "o 9 pa9t+1 & ! o!r 9 draw+4 ,to su* extraord9>y p[]s z 7 possess$ by bo? ( ^? ,arti/s1 we _c refuse ! "* ( ,g5ius2 at ! same "t1 x mu/ be ackn[l$g$1 t x 0 t k9d ( me*anic ,g5ius :i* op]ates )\t mu* assi/ance ( ! head4 ,9 all _! works1 :i* are 7z might be expect$7 v num]\s1 we may look 9 va9 = any?+ t c be said to be orig9al & /rik+2 & yet1 accord+ to ! ord9>y ideas ( orig9ality1 !y h z good pret5sions z mo/ ,pa9t]s2 = !y borr[$ v little f o!rs1 & /ill less w any ,arti/1 t c di/+ui% betwe5 excell5ce & insipidity1 ev] borr[ f !m4 ,to ^? m51 & all su*1 let u oppose ! practice ( ! fir/ ( ,pa9t]s4 ,i suppose we %all all agree1 t no man ev] possess$ a great] p[] ( inv5tion1 & /ood less 9 ne$ ( =eign assi/ance1 ?an ,raffaelle2 & yet1 :5 he 0 design+ "o ( 8 greate/ z well z late/ works1 ! ,c>toons1 x is v app>5t t he _h ! /udies :i* he _h made f ,masaccio be=e him4 ,two noble figures ( ,/4 ,paul1 :i* he f\nd !re1 he adopt$ 9 8 own "w3 "o ( !m he took = ,/4 ,paul prea*+ at ,a!ns2 & ! o!r = ! same ,sa9t :5 *a/is+ ! sorc]] ,elymas4 ,ano!r figure 9 ! same "w1 ^: head is sunk 9 8 brea/1 ) 8 eyes %ut1 appe>+ deeply wrapt up 9 ?\ght1 0 introduc$ among/ ! li/5]s to ! prea*+ ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,! mo/ mat]ial alt]ation t is made 9 ^? two figures ( ,/4 ,paul is ! addition ( ! left h&s1 :i* are n se5 9 ! orig9al4 ,x is a rule t ,raffaelle obs]v$ 7&1 inde$1 ought nev] to be disp5s$ )71 9 a pr9cipal figure1 to %[ bo? h&s2 t x %\ld nev] be a "q1 :at is become ( ! o!r h&4 ,= ! sacrifice at ,li/ra1 he took ! :ole c]emony mu* z x /&s 9 an anci5t ,basso-relievo1 s9ce publi%$ 9 ! ,,admir&a4 ,i h giv5 examples f ^? pictures only ( ,raffaelle :i* we h among u1 ?\gh _m o!r in/ances might be produc$ ( ?is great pa9t]'s n disda9+ assi/ance2 inde$1 8 kn[n weal? 0 s great1 t he might borr[ :]e he pleas$ )\t loss ( cr$it4 ,x may be rem>k$1 t ?is "w ( ,masaccio1 f :i* he has borr[$ s freely1 0 a public "w1 & at no f>!r di/ance f ,rome ?an ,flor5ce2 s t if he _h consid]$ x a disgraceful !ft1 he 0 sure to be detect$2 b he 0 well satisfi$ t 8 "* = ,inv5tion w\ld be little affect$ by su* a discov]y2 nor is x1 except 9 ! op9ion ( ^? :o are ignorant ( ! mann] 9 :i* great works are built4 ,^? :o /eal f m]e pov]ty2 :o hav+ no?+ ( _! own1 _c exi/ a m9ute )\t mak+ su* depr$ations2 :o are s poor t !y h no place 9 :i* !y c ev5 deposit :at !y h tak52 to m5 ( ?is description no?+ c be said2 b su* arti/s z ^? to :om ,i suppose myself n[ speak+1 m5 :om ,i consid] z completely provid$ ) all ! necess>ies & conv5i5ces ( art1 & :o d n desire to /eal baubles & common tra%1 b wi% only to possess peculi> r>ities :i* !y select to ornam5t _! cab9ets1 & take c>e to enri* ! g5]al /ore ) mat]ials ( equal or ( great] value ?an :at !y h tak52 su* m5 surely ne$ n be a%am$ ( t fri5dly int]c\rse :i* ought to exi/ among arti/s1 ( receiv+ f ! dead & giv+ to ! liv+1 & p]haps to ^? :o are yet unborn4 ,! daily food & n\ri%m5t ( ! m9d ( an arti/ is f\nd 9 ! great works ( 8 pr$ecessors4 ,!re is no o!r way = him to become great himself4 ,s]p5s1 nisi s]p5tem com$]it1 non fit draco1#ad is a rem>k ( a :imsical natural hi/ory1 :i* ,i h read1 ?\gh ,i d n recollect its title2 h[ev] false z to dragons1 x is applicable en\gh to arti/s4 ,raffaelle1 z appe>s f :at has be5 said1 _h c>efully /udi$ ! works ( ,masaccio2 &1 inde$1 !re 0 no o!r1 if we except ,mi*el ,angelo 7:om he likewise imitat$71 s wor?y ( 8 att5tion2 & ?\gh 8 mann] 0 dry & h>d1 8 compositions =mal1 & n en\gh div]sifi$ accord+ to ! cu/om ( ,pa9t]s 9 t e>ly p]iod1 yet 8 works possess t gr&eur & simplicity :i* accompany1 & ev5 sometimes proce$ f1 regul>ity & h>dness ( mann]4 ,we mu/ consid] ! b>b>\s /ate ( ! ,arts be=e 8 "t1 :5 skill 9 draw+ 0 s little und]/ood t ! be/ ( ! pa9t]s c\ld n ev5 =e%ort5 ! foot1 b e figure appe>$ to /& ^u 8 toes2 & :at s]v$ = drap]y1 _h1 f ! h>dness & smallness ( ! folds1 too mu* ! appe>ance ( cords cl++ r\nd ! body4 ,he fir/ introduc$ l>ge drap]y fl[+ 9 an easy & natural mann]3 inde$1 he appe>s to be ! fir/ :o discov]$ ! pa? t leads to e excell5ce to :i* ! ,arts aft]w>ds arriv$1 & may1 !re=e1 be ju/ly consid]$ z "o ( ! great ,fa!rs ( mod]n ,art4 ,?\gh ,i h be5 l$ on to a long] digression respect+ ?is great ,pa9t] ?an ,i int5d$1 yet ,i _c avoid m5tion+ ano!r excell5ce :i* he possess$ 9 a v em95t degree2 he 0 z mu* di/+ui%$ among 8 contempor>ies = 8 dilig5ce & indu/ry z he 0 = ! natural faculties ( 8 m9d4 ,we are told t 8 :ole att5tion 0 absorb$ 9 ! pursuit ( 8 art1 & t he acquir$ ! "n ( ,masaccio1#ae f 8 total disreg>d to 8 dress1 8 p]son1 & all ! common conc]ns ( life4 ,he is1 inde$1 a signal in/ance ( :at well-direct$ dilig5ce w d 9 a %ort "t2 he liv$ b tw5ty-sev5 ye>s2 yet 9 t %ort space c>ri$ ! art s f> beyond :at x _h be=e rea*$1 t he appe>s to /& alone z a model = 8 successors4 ,vas>i gives a long catalogue ( ,pa9t]s & ,sculptors1 :o =m$ _! ta/e1 & le>n$ _! ,art1 by /udy+ 8 works2 among ^?1 he names ,mi*el ,angelo1 ,lion>di da ,v9ci1 ,pietro ,p]ug9o1 ,raffaelle1 ,b>tolomeo1 ,&rea del ,s>to1 ,il ,rosso1 & ,pi]9o del ,vaga4 ,! habit ( contemplat+ & brood+ ov] ! ideas ( great g5iuses1 till y f9d y\rself w>m$ by ! contact1 is ! true me?od ( =m+ an arti/-l m9d2 x is impossible1 9 ! pres5ce ( ^? great m51 to ?9k1 or inv5t 9 a mean mann]2 a /ate ( m9d is acquir$ t receives ^? ideas only :i* reli% ( gr&eur & simplicity4 ,besides ! g5]al advantage ( =m+ ! ta/e by su* an int]c\rse1 !re is ano!r ( a p>ticul> k9d1 :i* 0 sugge/$ to me by ! practice ( ,raffaelle1 :5 imitat+ ! "w ( :i* ,i h be5 speak+4 ,! figure ( ! ,proconsul1 ,s]gius ,paulus1 is tak5 f ! ,felix ( ,masaccio1 ?\gh "o is a front figure1 & ! o!r se5 9 pr(ile2 ! action is likewise some:at *ang$2 b x is pla9 ,raffaelle _h t figure 9 8 m9d4 ,!re is a circum/ance inde$1 :i* ,i m5tion by-!-bye1 :i* m>ks x v p>ticul>ly3 ,s]gius ,paulus we>s a cr[n ( laurel2 ?is is h>dly reconcileable to /rict propriety1 & ! co/ume1 ( :i* ,raffaelle 0 9 g5]al a good obs]v]2 b he f\nd x s 9 ,masaccio1 & he did n be/[ s mu* pa9s 9 disguise z to *ange x4 ,x appe>s to me to be an excell5t practice1 ?us to suppose ! figures :i* y wi% to adopt 9 ! works ( ^? great ,pa9t]s to be /atues2 & to give1 z ,raffaelle has "h giv51 ano!r view1 tak+ c>e to pres]ve all ! _s & grace y f9d 9 ! orig9al4 ,i %\ld hope1 f :at has be5 lately said1 t x is n necess>y to gu>d myself aga9/ any supposition ( recomm5d+ an entire dep5d5ce ^u =m] ma/]s4 ,i d n desire t y %\ld get o!r p to d y\r bus9ess1 or to ?9k = y2 ,i only wi% y to consult )1 to call 91 z c\nsellors1 m5 ! mo/ di/+ui%$ = _! k & exp]i5ce1 ! result ( :i* c\nsel mu/ ultimately dep5d ^u y\rself4 ,su* conduct 9 ! comm]ce ( life has nev] be5 consid]$ z disgraceful1 or 9 any respect to imply intellectual imbecility2 x is a sign1 r1 ( t true wisdom1 :i* feels individual imp]fection2 & is consci\s to itself h[ mu* collective obs]vation is necess>y to fill ! imm5se ext5t1 & to compreh5d ! inf9ite v>iety ( nature4 ,i recomm5d nei!r self-dep5d5ce nor plagi>ism4 ,i advise y only to take t assi/ance :i* e human be+ wants1 & :i*1 z appe>s f ! examples t h be5 giv51 ! greate/ pa9t]s h n disda9$ to accept4 ,let me add1 t ! dilig5ce requir$ 9 ! se>*1 & ! ex]tion subsequ5t 9 accommodat+ ^? ideas to y\r own purpose1 is a bus9ess :i* idl5ess w n1 & ignorance _c1 p]=m4 ,b 9 ord] m di/9ctly to expla9 :at k9d ( borr[+ ,i mean1 :5 ,i recomm5d s anxi\sly ! /udy ( ! works ( great ma/]s1 let u1 = a m9ute1 return aga9 to ,raffaelle1 consid] 8 me?od ( practice1 & endeav\r to imitate him1 9 8 mann] ( imitat+ o!rs4 ,! two figures ( ,/4 ,paul :i* ,i lately m5tion$ are s nobly conceiv$ by ,masaccio1 t p]haps x 0 n 9 ! p[] ev5 ( ,raffaelle himself to raise & improve !m1 nor has he attempt$ x2 b he has _h ! address to *ange 9 "s measure )\t dim9i%+ ! gr&eur ( _! "*2 he has sub/itut$1 9 ! place ( a s]5e compos$ dignity1 t animat$ expression :i* 0 necess>y to ! m active employm5t he assign$ !m4 ,9 ! same mann] he has giv5 m animation to ! figure ( ,s]gius ,paulus1 & to t :i* is introduc$ 9 ! picture ( ,/4 ,paul prea*+1 ( :i* little m ?an h9ts are giv5 by ,masaccio1 :i* ,raffaelle has f9i%$4 ,! clos+ ! eyes ( ?is figure1 :i* 9 ,masaccio might be easily mi/ak5 = sleep+1 is n 9 ! lea/ ambigu\s 9 ! ,c>toon3 8 eyes1 inde$1 are clos$1 b !y are clos$ ) su* vehem5ce1 t ! agitation ( a m9d p]plex$ 9 ! extreme is se5 at ! fir/ glance2 b :at is mo/ extraord9>y1 & ,i ?9k p>ticul>ly to be admir$1 is1 t ! same idea is cont9u$ ?r\gh ! :ole figure1 ev5 to ! drap]y1 :i* is s closely muffl$ ab\t him1 t ev5 8 h&s are n se52 by ?is happy correspond5ce betwe5 ! expression ( ! c\nt5ance1 & ! disposition ( ! p>ts1 ! figure appe>s to ?9k f head to foot4 ,m5 ( sup]ior tal5ts alone are capable ( ?us us+ & adapt+ o!r m5's m9ds to _! own purposes1 or are able to make out & f9i% :at 0 only 9 ! orig9al a h9t or imp]fect conception4 ,a read9ess 9 tak+ su* h9ts1 :i* escape ! dull & ignorant1 makes1 9 my op9ion1 no inconsid]able "p ( t faculty ( ! m9d :i* is call$ ,g5ius4 ,x (t5 happ5s t h9ts may be tak5 & employ$ 9 a situation totally diff]5t f t 9 :i* !y 7 orig9ally employ$4 ,!re is a figure ( a ,bac*ante lean+ backw>d1 h] head ?r[n q beh9d h]1 :i* seems to be a fav\rite inv5tion1 z x is s frequ5tly repeat$ 9 basso-relievos1 cameos1 & intaglios2 x is int5d$ to express an en?usia/ic1 frantic k9d ( joy4 ,?is figure ,baccio ,b&9elli1 9 a draw+ t ,i h ( t ,ma/] ( ! ,desc5t f ! ,cross1 has adopt$ 7& he knew v well :at 0 wor? borr[+7 = "o ( ! ,m>ys1 to express frantic agony ( grief4 ,x is curi\s to obs]ve1 & x is c]ta9ly true1 t ! extremes ( contr>y passions are1 ) v little v>iation1 express$ by ! same action4 ,if ,i 7 to recomm5d me?od 9 any "p ( ! /udy ( a ,pa9t]1 x w\ld be 9 reg>d to inv5tion2 t "y ,/ud5ts %\ld n presume to ?9k !mselves qualifi$ to inv5t till !y 7 acqua9t$ ) ^? /ores ( inv5tion ! _w already possesses1 & _h by t means accumulat$ suffici5t mat]ials = ! m9d to "w )4 ,x w\ld c]ta9ly be no improp] me?od ( =m+ ! m9d ( a "y arti/1 to beg9 ) su* ex]cises z ! ,italians call a ,pa/iccio composition ( ! diff]5t excell5cies :i* are disp]s$ 9 all o!r works ( ! same k9d4 ,x is n suppos$ t he is to /op "h1 b t he is to acquire by ?is means ! art ( select+1 fir/1 :at is truly excell5t 9 ,art1 & !n1 :at is /ill m excell5t 9 ,nature2 a task :i*1 )\t ?is previ\s /udy1 he w be b ill qualifi$ to p]=m4 ,! doctr9e :i* is "h advanc$ is ackn[l$g$ to be new1 & to _m may appe> /range4 ,b ,i only dem& = x ! reception ( a /rang]2 a fav\rable & att5tive consid]ation1 )\t t entire confid5ce :i* might be claim$ "u au?oritative recomm5dation4 ,aft] y h tak5 a figure1 or any idea ( a figure1 f any ( ^? great ,pa9t]s1 !re is ano!r op]ation /ill rema9+1 :i* ,i hold to be indisp5sably necess>y--t is1 nev] to neglect f9i%+ f nature e "p ( ! "w4 ,:at is tak5 f a model1 ?\gh ! fir/ idea may h be5 sugge/$ by ano!r1 y h a j "r to consid] z y\r own prop]ty4 ,& "h ,i _c avoid m5tion+ a circum/ance 9 plac+ ! model1 ?\gh to "s x may appe> trifl+4 ,x is bett] to possess ! model ) ! attitude y require1 ?an to place him ) y\r own h&s3 by ?is means x happ5s (t5 t ! model puts himself 9 an action sup]ior to y\r own imag9ation4 ,x is a great matt] to be 9 ! way ( accid5t1 & to be wat*ful & ready to take advantage ( x3 besides1 :5 y fix ! position ( a model1 !re is dang] ( putt+ him 9 an attitude into :i* no man w\ld naturally fall4 ,?is ext5ds ev5 to drap]y4 ,we mu/ be cauti\s 9 t\*+ & alt]+ a fold ( ! /uff1 :i* s]ves z a model1 = fe> ( giv+ x inadv]t5tly a =c$ =m2 & x is p]haps bett] to take ! *ance ( ano!r casual ?r[1 ?an to alt] ! position 9 :i* x 0 at fir/ accid5tally ca/4 ,rembr&t1 9 ord] to take ! advantage ( accid5t1 appe>s (t5 to h us$ ! pallet-knife to lay 8 col\rs on ! canvas1 in/ead ( ! p5cil4 ,:e!r x is ! knife or any o!r in/rum5t1 x suffices if x is some?+ t does n foll[ exactly ! w4 ,accid5t 9 ! h&s ( an arti/ :o kn[s h[ to take ! advantage ( its h9ts1 w (t5 produce bold & caprici\s beauties ( h&l+ & facility1 su* z he w\ld n h ?\ght (1 or v5tur$1 ) 8 p5cil1 "u ! regul> re/ra9t ( 8 h&4 ,h[ev]1 ?is is fit only on occasions :]e no correctness ( =m is requir$1 su* z cl\ds1 /umps ( trees1 rocks1 or brok5 gr\nd4 ,works produc$ 9 an accid5tal mann] w h ! same free1 unre/ra9$ air z ! works ( nature1 ^: p>ticul> comb9ations seem to dep5d ^u accid5t4 ,i aga9 repeat1 y are nev] to lose sight ( nature2 ! in/ant y d1 y are all abroad1 at ! m]cy ( e gu/ ( fa%ion1 )\t kn[+ or see+ ! po9t to :i* y ought to /e]4 ,:atev] trips y make1 y mu/ /ill h nature 9 y\r eye4 ,su* deviations z art necess>ily requires1 ,i hope 9 a future ,disc\rse to be able to expla94 ,9 ! meantime1 let me recomm5d to y1 n to h too great dep5d5ce on y\r practice or memory1 h[ev] /rong ^? impressions may h be5 :i* are !re deposit$4 ,!y are = ev] we>+ out1 & w be at la/ oblit]at$1 unless !y are cont9ually refre%$ & repair$4 ,x is n uncommon to meet ) arti/s :o1 f a long neglect ( cultivat+ ?is necess>y intimacy ) ,nature1 d n ev5 "k h] :5 !y see h]2 %e appe>+ a /rang] to !m1 f _! be+ s long habituat$ to _! own repres5tation ( h]4 ,i h he>d ,pa9t]s ackn[l$ge1 ?\gh 9 t ackn[l$gm5t no degradation ( !mselves 0 int5d$1 t !y c\ld d bett] )\t ,nature ?an ) h]2 or1 z !y express$ x !mselves1 t x only put !m out4 ,a pa9t] ) su* ideas & su* habits is inde$ 9 a mo/ hopeless /ate4 ,! art ( see+ ,nature1 or1 9 o!r words1 ! art ( us+ ,models1 is 9 reality ! great object1 ! po9t to :i* all our /udies are direct$4 ,z = ! p[] ( be+ able to d tol]ably well1 f practice alone1 let x be valu$ accord+ to its wor?4 ,b ,i d n see 9 :at mann] x c be suffici5t = ! production ( correct1 excell5t1 & f9i%$ ,pictures4 ,works des]v+ ?is "* nev] 7 produc$1 nor ev] w arise1 f memory alone2 & ,i w v5ture to say1 t an arti/ :o br+s to 8 "w a m9d tol]ably furni%$ ) ! g5]al pr9ciples ( ,art1 & a ta/e =m$ ^u ! works ( good ,arti/s--9 %ort1 :o kn[s 9 :at excell5ce consi/s1 w1 ) ! assi/ance ( ,models1 :i* we w likewise suppose he has le>nt ! art ( us+1 be an ov]mat* = ! greate/ pa9t] t ev] liv$ :o %\ld be deb>r$ su* advantages4 ,our neighb\rs1 ! ,fr5*1 are mu* 9 ?is practice ( extempore inv5tion1 & _! dext]ity is su* z ev5 to excite admiration1 if n envy2 b h[ r>ely c ?is praise be giv5 to _! f9i%$ pictures6 ,! late ,director ( _! ,academy1 ,b\*]1 0 em95t 9 ?is way4 ,:5 ,i visit$ him "s ye>s s9ce 9 ,france1 ,i f\nd him at "w on a v l>ge ,picture1 )\t draw+s or models ( any k9d4 ,on my rem>k+ ?is p>ticul> circum/ance1 he said1 :5 he 0 "y1 /udy+ 8 art1 he f\nd x necess>y to use models2 b he _h left !m (f = _m ye>s4 ,su* ,pictures z ?is 01 & su* z ,i fe> always w be produc$ by ^? :o "w solely f practice or memory1 may be a conv9c+ pro( ( ! necessity ( ! conduct :i* ,i h recomm5d$4 ,h[ev]1 9 ju/ice ,i _c quit ?is ,pa9t] )\t add+1 t 9 ! =m] "p ( 8 life1 :5 he 0 9 ! habit ( hav+ rec\rse to nature1 he 0 n )\t a consid]able degree ( m]it--en\gh to make half ! ,pa9t]s ( 8 c\ntry 8 imitators2 he _h (t5 grace & beauty1 & good skill 9 composition2 b ,i ?9k all "u ! influ5ce ( a bad ta/e3 8 imitators are inde$ abom9able4 ,^? ,arti/s :o h quitt$ ! s]vice ( nature 7^: s]vice1 :5 well und]/ood1 is p]fect fre$om71 & h put !mselves "u ! direction ( ,i "k n :at caprici\s fanta/ical mi/ress1 :o fasc9ates & ov]p[]s _! :ole m9d1 & f ^: dom9ion !re are no hopes ( _! be+ ev] reclaim$ 7s9ce !y appe> p]fectly satisfi$1 & n at all consci\s ( _! =lorn situation71 l ! trans=m$ foll[]s ( ,comus-- ,n once p]ceive _! f\l disfigurem5t2 ,b boa/ !mselves m comely ?an be=e4 ,me?9ks1 su* m51 :o h f\nd out s %ort a pa?1 h no reason to compla9 ( ! %ortness ( life1 & ! ext5t ( art2 s9ce life is s mu* long] ?an is want$ = _! improvem5t1 or1 inde$1 is necess>y = ! accompli%m5t ( _! idea ( p]fection4 ,on ! contr>y1 he :o recurs to nature1 at e recurr5ce r5ews 8 /r5g?4 ,! rules ( art he is nev] likely to =get2 !y are few & simple2 b nature is ref9$1 subtle1 & inf9itely v>i\s1 beyond ! p[] & ret5tion ( memory2 x is necess>y1 !re=e1 to h cont9ual rec\rse to h]4 ,9 ?is int]c\rse !re is no end ( 8 improvem5t2 ! long] he lives1 ! ne>] he approa*es to ! true & p]fect idea ( art4 ,,footnotes3 #ad3 ,9 ,b5 ,jonson's ,catil9e we f9d ?is aphorism1 ) a slight v>iation3-- ,a s]p5t1 ere he comes to be a dragon1 ,mu/ eat a bat4 #ae3 ,! addition ( accio d5otes contempt1 or "s de=mity or imp]fection att5d+ ! p]son to :om x is appli$4 ,,disc\rse ,,xiii4 ,deliv]$ to ! ,/ud5ts ( ! ,royal ,academy1 on ! ,di/ribution ( ! ,prizes1 ,decemb] #aa1 #aghf4 ,,art ,,n ,,m]ely ,,imitation1 ,,b ,,"u ,,! ,,direction ,,( ,,! ,,imag9ation4--,,9 ,,:at ,,mann] ,,poetry1 ,,pa9t+1 ,,act+1 ,,g>d5+1 ,,& ,,ar*itecture ,,dep>t ,,f ,,nature4 ,to discov] beauties1 or to po9t out faults1 9 ! works ( celebrat$ ,ma/]s1 & to comp>e ! conduct ( "o ,arti/ ) ano!r1 is c]ta9ly no mean or inconsid]able "p ( criticism2 b ?is is /ill no m ?an to "k ! art ?r\gh ! ,arti/4 ,?is te/ ( inve/igation mu/ h two capital defects2 x mu/ be n>r[1 & x mu/ be unc]ta94 ,to enl>ge ! b\nd>ies ( ! ,art ( ,pa9t+1 z well z to fix its pr9ciples1 x w be necess>y t t art1 & ^? pr9ciples1 %\ld be consid]$ 9 _! correspond5ce ) ! pr9ciples ( ! o!r arts1 :i*1 l ?is1 address !mselves prim>ily & pr9cipally to ! imag9ation4 ,:5 ^? connect$ & k9dr$ pr9ciples are br\ght toge!r to be comp>$1 ano!r comp>ison w gr[ out ( ?is2 t is1 ! comp>ison ( !m all ) ^? ( human nature1 f :5ce arts d]ive ! mat]ials ^u :i* !y are to produce _! effects4 ,:5 ?is comp>ison ( art ) art1 & ( all arts ) ! nature ( man1 is once made ) success1 our guid+ l9es are z well asc]ta9$ & e/abli%$ z !y c be 9 matt]s ( ?is description4 ,?is1 z x is ! highe/ /yle ( criticism1 is at ! same "t ! s\nde/2 = x ref]s to ! et]nal & immutable nature ( ?+s4 ,y are n to imag9e t ,i mean to op5 to y at l>ge1 or to recomm5d to y\r rese>*1 ! :ole ( ?is va/ field ( sci5ce4 ,x is c]ta9ly mu* above my faculties to rea* x2 & ?\gh x may n be above y\rs to compreh5d x fully1 if x 7 fully & prop]ly br\ght be=e y1 yet p]haps ! mo/ p]fect criticism requires habits ( speculation & ab/raction1 n v consi/5t ) ! employm5t :i* ought to occupy1 & ! habits ( m9d :i* ought to prevail1 9 a practical ,arti/4 ,i only po9t out to y ^! ?+s1 t :5 y d criticise 7z all :o "w on a plan w criticise m or less71 y\r criticism may be built on ! f\ndation ( true pr9ciples2 & t ?\gh y may n always travel a great way1 ! way t y d travel may be ! "r road4 ,i obs]ve1 z a fundam5tal gr\nd1 common to all ! ,arts ) :i* we h any conc]n 9 ?is disc\rse1 t !y address !mselves only to two faculties ( ! m9d--its imag9ation & its s5sibility4 ,all !ories :i* attempt to direct or to control ! ,art1 ^u any pr9ciples falsely call$ rational1 :i* we =m to ourselves ^u a supposition ( :at ought 9 reason to be ! end or means ( ,art1 indep5d5t ( ! kn[n fir/ effect produc$ by objects on ! imag9ation1 mu/ be false & delusive4 ,= ?\gh x may appe> bold to say x1 ! imag9ation is "h ! resid5ce ( tru?4 ,if ! imag9ation be affect$1 ! conclusion is fairly drawn2 if x be n affect$1 ! reason+ is errone\s1 because ! end is n obta9$2 ! effect itself be+ ! te/1 & ! only te/1 ( ! tru? & efficacy ( ! means4 ,!re is 9 ! comm]ce ( life1 z 9 ,art1 a sagacity :i* is f> f be+ contradictory to "r reason1 & is sup]ior to any occasional ex]cise ( t faculty2 :i* sup]s$es x2 & does n wait = ! sl[ progress ( d$uction1 b goes at once1 by :at appe>s a k9d ( intuition1 to ! conclusion4 ,a man end[$ ) ?is faculty feels & ackn[l$ges ! tru?1 ?\gh x is n always 9 8 p[]1 p]haps1 to give a reason = x2 because he _c recollect & br+ be=e him all ! mat]ials t gave bir? to 8 op9ion2 = v _m & v intricate consid]ations may unite to =m ! pr9ciple1 ev5 ( small & m9ute p>ts1 involv$ 91 or dep5d5t on1 a great sy/em ( ?+s3 ?\gh ^! 9 process ( "t are =gott51 ! "r impression /ill rema9s fix$ 9 8 m9d4 ,?is impression is ! result ( ! accumulat$ exp]i5ce ( our :ole life1 & has be5 collect$1 we d n always "k h[1 or :54 ,b ?is mass ( collective obs]vation1 h[ev] acquir$1 ought to prevail ov] t reason1 :i*1 h[ev] p[]fully ex]t$ on any p>ticul> occasion1 w probably compreh5d b a p>tial view ( ! subject2 & our conduct 9 life1 z well z 9 ! ,arts1 is1 or ought to be1 g5]ally gov]n$ by ?is habitual reason3 x is our happ9ess t we are enabl$ to draw on su* funds4 ,if we 7 oblig$ to ent] into a !oretical delib]ation on e occasion1 be=e we act1 life w\ld be at a /&1 & ,art w\ld be impracticable4 ,x appe>s to me1 !re=e1 t our fir/ ?\ghts1 t is1 ! effect :i* any?+ produces on our m9ds1 on its fir/ appe>ance1 is nev] to be =gott52 & x dem&s = t reason1 because x is ! fir/1 to be laid up ) c>e4 ,if ?is be n done1 ! ,arti/ may happ5 to impose on himself by p>tial reason+2 by a cold consid]ation ( ^? animat$ ?\ghts :i* proce$1 n p]haps f caprice or ra%ness 7z he may aft]w>ds conceit71 b f ! fulness ( 8 m9d1 enri*$ ) ! copi\s /ores ( all ! v>i\s inv5tions :i* he _h ev] se51 or _h ev] pass$ 9 8 m9d4 ,^! ideas are infus$ into 8 design1 )\t any consci\s ef=t2 b if he be n on 8 gu>d1 he may reconsid] & correct !m1 till ! :ole matt] is r$uc$ to a commonplace inv5tion4 ,?is is sometimes ! effect ( :at ,i mean to caution y aga9/2 t is to say1 an unf\nd$ di/ru/ ( ! imag9ation & feel+1 9 fav\r ( n>r[1 p>tial1 conf9$1 argum5tative !ories2 & ( pr9ciples t seem to apply to ! design 9 h&2 )\t consid]+ ^? g5]al impressions on ! fancy 9 :i* real pr9ciples ( s\nd reason1 & ( mu* m weight & importance1 are involv$1 &1 z x 71 lie hid "u ! appe>ance ( a sort ( vulg> s5tim5t4 ,reason1 )\t d\bt1 mu/ ultimately det]m9e ev]y?+2 at ?is m9ute x is requir$ to in=m u :5 t v reason is to give way to feel+4 ,?\gh ,i h (t5 spok5 ( t mean conception ( our art :i* conf9es x to m]e imitation1 ,i mu/ add1 t x may be n>r[$ to su* a m]e matt] ( exp]im5t1 z to exclude f x ! application ( sci5ce1 :i* alone gives dignity & compass to any art4 ,b to f9d prop] f\ndations = sci5ce is nei!r to n>r[ or to vulg>ise x2 & ?is is suffici5tly exemplifi$ 9 ! success ( exp]im5tal philosophy4 ,x is ! false sy/em ( reason+1 gr\nd$ on a p>tial view ( ?+s1 aga9/ :i* ,i w\ld mo/ e>ne/ly gu>d y4 ,& ,i d x ! r1 because ^? n>r[ !ories1 s co9cid5t ) ! poore/ & mo/ mis]able practices1 & :i* are adopt$ to give x c\nt5ance1 h n _h _! orig9 9 ! poore/ m9ds1 b 9 ! mi/akes1 or possibly 9 ! mi/ak5 int]pretations1 ( great & comm&+ au?orities4 ,we are n1 !re=e1 9 ?is case misl$ by feel+1 b by false speculation4 ,:5 su* a man z ,plato speaks ( ,pa9t+ z only an imitative art1 & t our pleasure proce$s f obs]v+ & ackn[l$g+ ! tru? ( ! imitation1 ,i ?9k he misleads u by a p>tial !ory4 ,x is 9 ?is poor1 p>tial1 &1 s f>1 false view ( ! art1 t ,c>d9al ,bembo has *os5 to di/+ui% ev5 ,raffaelle himself1 :om our en?usiasm hon\rs ) ! "n ( ,div9e4 ,! same s5tim5t is adopt$ by ,pope 9 8 epitaph on ,sir ,godfrey ,knell]2 & he turns ! panegyric solely on imitation1 z x is a sort ( deception4 ,i %all n ?9k my "t misemploy$1 if by any means ,i may contribute to confirm y\r op9ion ( :at ought to be ! object ( y\r pursuit2 because1 ?\gh ! be/ critics mu/ always h explod$ ?is /range idea1 yet ,i "k t !re is a disposition t[>ds a p]petual recurr5ce to x1 on acc\nt ( its simplicity & sup]ficial plausibility4 ,= ?is reason ,i %all beg leave to lay be=e y a few ?\ghts on ?is subject2 to ?r[ out "s h9ts t may lead y\r m9ds to an op9ion 7:i* ,i take to be ! tru?71 t ,pa9t+ is n only to be consid]$ z an imitation1 op]at+ by deception1 b t x is1 & ought to be1 9 _m po9ts ( view1 & /rictly speak+1 no imitation at all ( ext]nal nature4 ,p]haps x ought to be z f> remov$ f ! vulg> idea ( imitation z ! ref9$ civilis$ /ate 9 :i* we live is remov$ f a gross /ate ( nature2 & ^? :o h n cultivat$ _! imag9ations1 :i* ! majority ( mank9d c]ta9ly h n1 may be said1 9 reg>d to arts1 to cont9ue 9 ?is /ate ( nature4 ,su* m5 w always pref] imitation to t excell5ce :i* is address$ to ano!r faculty t !y d n possess2 b ^! are n ! p]sons to :om a ,pa9t] is to look1 any m ?an a judge ( morals & mann]s ought to ref] controv]t$ po9ts ^u ^? subjects to ! op9ions ( p tak5 f ! banks ( ! ,ohio1 or f ,new ,holl&4 ,x is ! l[e/ /yle only ( arts1 :e!r ( ,pa9t+1 ,poetry1 or ,music1 t may be said1 9 ! vulg> s5se1 to be naturally pleas+4 ,! high] ef=ts ( ^? arts1 we "k by exp]i5ce1 d n affect m9ds :olly uncultivat$4 ,?is ref9$ ta/e is ! consequ5ce ( education & habit3 we are born only ) a capacity ( ent]ta9+ ?is ref9em5t1 z we are born ) a disposition to receive & obey all ! rules & regulations ( society2 & s f> x may be said to be natural to u1 & no fur!r4 ,:at has be5 said may %[ ! ,arti/ h[ necess>y x is1 :5 he looks ab\t him = ! advice & criticism ( 8 fri5ds1 to make "s di/9ction ( ! "*1 ta/e1 exp]i5ce1 & obs]vation 9 ?is ,art1 ( ^? f :om x is receiv$4 ,an ignorant1 un$ucat$ man may1 l ,apelles's critic1 be a compet5t judge ( ! tru? ( ! repres5tation ( a s&al2 or1 to g some:at high]1 l ,molire's old woman1 may decide ^u :at is nature1 9 reg>d to comic hum\r2 b a critic 9 ! high] /yle ( art ought to possess ! same ref9$ ta/e :i* direct$ ! ,arti/ 9 8 "w4 ,to illu/rate ?is pr9ciple by a comp>ison ) o!r ,arts1 ,i %all n[ produce "s in/ances to %[ t !y1 z well z our own ,art1 r5\nce ! n>r[ idea ( nature1 & ! n>r[ !ories d]iv$ f t mi/ak5 pr9ciple1 & apply to t reason only :i* in=ms u n :at imitation is--a natural repres5tation ( a giv5 object--b :at x is natural = ! imag9ation to be delight$ )4 ,& p]haps !re is no bett] way ( acquir+ ?is k ?an by ?is k9d ( analogy3 ea* art w corroborate & mutually reflect ! tru? on ! o!r4 ,su* a k9d ( juxtaposition may likewise h ?is use1 t :il/ ! ,arti/ is amus+ himself 9 ! contemplation ( o!r ,arts1 he may habitually transf] ! pr9ciples ( ^? ,arts to t :i* he pr(esses3 :i* ought to be always pres5t to 8 m9d1 & to :i* ev]y?+ is to be ref]r$4 ,s f> is ,art f be+ d]iv$ f1 or hav+ any imm$iate int]c\rse ) p>ticul> nature z its model1 t !re are _m ,arts t set out ) a pr(ess$ deviation f x4 ,?is is c]ta9ly n s exactly true 9 reg>d to ,pa9t+ & ,sculpture4 ,our elem5ts are laid 9 gross common nature--an exact imitation ( :at is be=e u2 b :5 we advance to ! high] /ate1 we consid] ?is p[] ( imitation1 ?\gh fir/ 9 ! ord] ( acquisition1 z by no means ! highe/ 9 ! scale ( p]fection4 ,poetry addresses itself to ! same faculties & ! same dispositions z ,pa9t+1 ?\gh by diff]5t means4 ,! object ( bo? is to accommodate itself to all ! natural prop5sities & incl9ations ( ! m9d4 ,! v exi/5ce ( ,poetry dep5ds on ! lic5se x assumes ( deviat+ f actual nature1 9 ord] to gratify natural prop5sities by o!r means1 :i* are f\nd by exp]i5ce full z capable ( af=d+ su* gratification4 ,x sets out ) a language 9 ! highe/ degree artificial1 a con/ruction ( measur$ words1 su* z nev] is1 nor ev] 01 us$ by man4 ,let ?is measure be :at x may1 :e!r hexamet] or any o!r metre us$ 9 ,lat9 or ,greek--or ,rhyme1 or ,blank ,v]se v>i$ ) pauses & acc5ts1 9 mod]n languages--!y are all equally remov$ f nature1 & equally a violation ( common spee*4 ,:5 ?is artificial mode has be5 e/abli%$ z ! vehicle ( s5tim5t1 !re is ano!r pr9ciple 9 ! human m9d to :i* ! "w mu/ be ref]r$1 :i* /ill r5d]s x m artificial1 c>ries x /ill fur!r f common nature1 & deviates only to r5d] x m p]fect4 ,t pr9ciple is ! s5se ( congruity1 coh]5ce1 & consi/5cy1 :i* is a real exi/+ pr9ciple 9 man2 & x mu/ be gratifi$4 ,!re=e1 hav+ once adopt$ a /yle & a measure n f\nd 9 common disc\rse1 x is requir$ t ! s5tim5ts also %\ld be 9 ! same proportion elevat$ above common nature1 f ! necessity ( !re be+ an agreem5t ( ! p>ts among !mselves1 t "o uni=m :ole may be produc$4 ,to correspond1 !re=e1 ) ?is g5]al sy/em ( deviation f nature1 ! mann] 9 :i* poetry is (f]$ to ! e>1 ! tone 9 :i* x is recit$1 %\ld be z f> remov$ f ! tone ( conv]sation z ! words ( :i* t ,poetry is compos$4 ,?is naturally sugge/s ! idea ( modulat+ ! voice by art1 :i*1 ,i suppose1 may be consid]$ z accompli%$ to ! highe/ degree ( excell5ce 9 ! recitative ( ! ,italian ,op]a2 z we may conjecture x 0 9 ! ,*orus t att5d$ ! anci5t drama4 ,& ?\gh ! mo/ viol5t passions1 ! highe/ di/ress1 ev5 dea? itself1 are express$ 9 s++ or recitative1 ,i w\ld n admit z s\nd criticism ! condemnation ( su* exhibitions on acc\nt ( _! be+ unnatural4 ,if x is natural = our s5ses1 & our imag9ations1 to be delight$ ) s++1 ) in/rum5tal music1 ) poetry1 & ) graceful action1 tak5 sep>ately 7none ( !m be+ 9 ! vulg> s5se natural1 ev5 9 t sep>ate /ate72 x is con=mable to exp]i5ce1 & !re=e agreeable to reason z connect$ & ref]r$ to exp]i5ce1 t we %\ld also be delight$ ) ?is union ( music1 poetry1 & graceful action1 jo9$ to e circum/ance ( pomp & magnific5ce calculat$ to /rike ! s5ses ( ! spectator4 ,%all reason /& 9 ! way1 & tell u t we ought n to l :at we "k we d l1 & prev5t u f feel+ ! full effect ( ?is complicat$ ex]tion ( art8 ,?is is :at ,i w\ld und]/& by poets & pa9t]s be+ all[$ to d>e ev]y?+2 = :at c be m d>+ ?an accompli%+ ! purpose & end ( art1 by a complication ( means1 none ( :i* h _! ar*etypes 9 actual nature8 ,s f>1 !re=e1 is s]vile imitation f be+ necess>y1 t :atev] is famili>1 or 9 any way rem9ds u ( :at we see & he> e day1 p]haps does n belong to ! high] prov9ces ( art1 ei!r 9 poetry or pa9t+4 ,! m9d is to be transport$1 z ,%akespe>e expresses x1 beyond ! ignorant pres5t1 to ages pa/4 ,ano!r & a high] ord] ( be+s is suppos$2 & to ^? be+s ev]y?+ :i* is introduc$ into ! "w mu/ correspond4 ,( ?is conduct1 "u ^! circum/ances1 ! ,roman & ,flor5t9e s*ools af=d suffici5t examples4 ,_! /yle by ?is means is rais$ & elevat$ above all o!rs2 & by ! same means ! compass ( art itself is enl>g$4 ,we (t5 see grave & great subjects attempt$ by arti/s ( ano!r s*ool2 :o1 ?\gh excell5t 9 ! l[] class ( art1 proce$+ on ! pr9ciples :i* regulate t class1 & n recollect+1 or n kn[+1 t !y 7 to address !mselves to ano!r faculty ( ! m9d1 h become p]fectly ridicul\s4 ,! picture :i* ,i h at pres5t 9 my ?\ghts is a sacrifice ( ,iphig5ia1 pa9t$ by ,jan ,/e51 a pa9t] ( :om ,i h =m]ly _h occasion to speak ) ! highe/ approbation2 & ev5 9 ?is picture1 ! subject ( :i* is by no means adapt$ to 8 g5ius1 !re is nature & expression2 b x is su* expression1 & ! c\nt5ances are s famili>1 & consequ5tly s vulg>1 & ! :ole accompani$ ) su* f9]y ( silks & velvets1 t "o w\ld be almo/ tempt$ to d\bt :e!r ! arti/ did n purposely int5d to burlesque 8 subject4 ,in/ances ( ! same k9d we frequ5tly see 9 poetry4 ,p>ts ( ,hobbes's translation ( ,hom] are rememb]$ & repeat$ m]ely = ! famili>ity & meanness ( _! phraseology1 s ill correspond+ ) ! ideas :i* ought to h be5 express$1 &1 z ,i conceive1 ) ! /yle ( ! orig9al4 ,we may proce$ 9 ! same mann] ?r\gh ! comp>atively inf]ior bran*es ( art4 ,!re are1 9 works ( t class1 ! same di/9ction ( a high] & a l[] /yle2 & !y take _! rank & degree 9 proportion z ! arti/ dep>ts m1 or less1 f common nature1 & makes x an object ( 8 att5tion to /rike ! imag9ation ( ! spectator by ways belong+ especially to art--unobs]v$ & untaught out ( ! s*ool ( its practice4 ,if our judgm5ts are to be direct$ by n>r[1 vulg>1 untaught1 or r ill-taught1 reason1 we mu/ pref] a portrait by ,d5n]1 or any o!r high f9i%]1 to ^? ( ,titian or ,v&yke2 & a l&scape ( ,v&]heyd5 to ^? ( ,titian or ,rub5s2 = !y are c]ta9ly m exact repres5tations ( nature4 ,if we suppose a view ( nature repres5t$ ) all ! tru? ( ! cam]a obscura1 & ! same sc5e repres5t$ by a great arti/1 h[ little & mean w ! "o appe> 9 comp>ison ( ! o!r1 :]e no sup]iority is suppos$ f ! *oice ( ! subject6 ,! sc5e %all be ! same1 ! diff]5ce only w be 9 ! mann] 9 :i* x is pres5t$ to ! eye4 ,) :at additional sup]iority1 !n1 w ! same arti/ appe> :5 he has ! p[] ( select+ 8 mat]ials z well z elevat+ 8 /yle8 ,l ,ni*olas ,p\ss91 he transports u to ! environs ( anci5t ,rome1 ) all ! objects :i* a lit]>y education makes s preci\s & int]e/+ to man2 or1 l ,seba/ian ,b\rdon1 he leads u to ! d>k antiquity ( ! pyramids ( ,egypt2 or1 l ,claude ,lorra91 he conducts u to ! tranquillity ( ,arcadian sc5es & fairy-l&4 ,l ! hi/ory-pa9t]1 a pa9t] ( l&scapes1 9 ?is /yle & ) ?is conduct1 s5ds ! imag9ation back into antiquity2 &1 l ! poet1 he makes ! elem5ts sympa?ise ) 8 subject3 :e!r ! cl\ds roll 9 volumes l ^? ( ,titian or ,salvator ,rosa1 or l ^? ( ,claude1 are gild$ ) ! sett+ sun2 :e!r ! m\nta9s h sudd5 & bold projections1 or are g5tly slop$2 :e!r ! bran*es ( 8 trees %oot out abruptly 9 "r angles f _! trunks1 or foll[ ea* o!r ) only a g5tle incl9ation4 ,all ^! circum/ances contribute to ! g5]al "* ( ! "w1 :e!r x be ( ! elegant or ( ! m sublime k9d4 ,if we add to ?is ! p[]ful mat]ials ( lightness & d>kness1 ov] :i* ! arti/ has complete dom9ion1 to v>y & dispose !m z he pleases2 to dim9i% or increase !m z w be/ suit 8 purpose1 & correspond to ! g5]al idea ( 8 "w2 a l&scape ?us conduct$1 "u ! influ5ce ( a poetical m9d w h ! same sup]iority ov] ! m ord9>y & common views1 z ,milton's ,allegra & ,p5s]oso h ov] a cold prosaic n>ration or description2 & su* a picture w\ld make a m =cible impression on ! m9d ?an ! real sc5es1 7 !y pres5t$ be=e u4 ,if we look abroad to o!r arts1 we may obs]ve ! same di/9ction1 ! same division into two classes2 ea* ( !m act+ "u ! influ5ce ( two diff]5t pr9ciples1 9 :i* ! "o foll[s nature1 ! o!r v>ies x1 & sometimes dep>ts f x4 ,! !atre1 :i* is said to hold ! mirror up to nature1 compreh5ds bo? ^? ideas4 ,! l[] k9d ( com$y1 or f>ce1 l ! inf]ior /yle ( pa9t+1 ! m naturally x is repres5t$1 ! bett]2 b ! high] appe>s to me to aim no m at imitation1 s f> z x belongs to any?+ l deception1 or to expect t ! spectators %\ld ?9k t ! ev5ts !re repres5t$ are really pass+ be=e !m1 ?an ,raffaelle 9 8 ,c>toons1 or ,p\ss9 9 8 ,sacram5ts1 expect$ x to be believ$1 ev5 = a mom5t1 t :at !y exhibit$ 7 real figures4 ,= want ( ?is di/9ction ! _w is fill$ ) false criticism4 ,raffaelle is prais$ = naturalness & deception1 :i* he c]ta9ly has n accompli%$1 & z c]ta9ly nev] int5d$2 & our late great actor1 ,g>rick1 has be5 z ignorantly prais$ by 8 fri5d ,field+2 :o d\btless imag9$ he _h hit ^u an +5i\s device1 by introduc+1 9 "o ( 8 novels 7o!rwise a "w ( ! highe/ m]it71 an ignorant man mi/ak+ ,g>rick's repres5tation ( a sc5e 9 ,hamlet = reality4 ,a v little reflection w conv9ce u1 t !re is n "o circum/ance 9 ! :ole sc5e t is ( ! nature ( deception4 ,! m]it & excell5ce ( ,%akespe>e1 & ( ,g>rick1 :5 !y 7 engag$ 9 su* sc5es1 is ( a diff]5t & mu* high] k9d4 ,b :at adds to ! falsity ( ?is int5d$ complim5t is1 t ! be/ /age-repres5tation appe>s ev5 m unnatural to a p]son ( su* a "*1 :o is suppos$ nev] to h se5 a play be=e1 ?an x does to ^? :o h _h a habit ( all[+ = ^? necess>y deviations f nature :i* ! ,art requires4 ,9 !atric repres5tation great all[ances mu/ always be made = ! place 9 :i* ! exhibition is repres5t$2 = ! surr\nd+ company1 ! light$ c&les1 ! sc5es visibly %ift$ 9 y\r sight1 & ! language ( blank v]se1 s diff]5t f common ,engli%2 :i* m]ely z ,engli% mu/ appe> surpris+ 9 ! m\?s ( ,hamlet1 & all ! c\rt & natives ( ,d5m>k4 ,^! all[ances are made2 b _! be+ made puts an end to all mann] ( deception3 & fur!r1 we "k t ! m l[1 illit]ate1 & vulg> any p]son is1 ! less he w be dispos$ to make ^! all[ances1 & ( c\rse to be deceiv$ by any imitation2 ! ?+s 9 :i* ! trespass aga9/ nature & common probability is made 9 fav\r ( ! !atre be+ q )9 ! sph]e ( su* un9=m$ m54 ,?\gh ,i h no int5tion ( ent]+ into all ! circum/ances ( unnaturalness 9 !atrical repres5tations1 ,i mu/ obs]ve t ev5 ! expression ( viol5t passion is n always ! mo/ excell5t 9 proportion z x is ! mo/ natural2 s1 great t]ror & su* disagreeable s5sations may be communicat$ to ! audi5ce1 t ! balance may be de/roy$ by :i* pleasure is pres]v$ & holds its pr$om9ancy 9 ! m9d3 viol5t di/ortion ( action1 h>% scream+s ( ! voice1 h[ev] great ! occasions1 or h[ev] natural on su* occasions1 are !re=e n admissible 9 ! !atric art4 ,_m ( ^! all[$ deviations f nature arise f ! necessity :i* !re is1 t ev]y?+ %\ld be rais$ & enl>g$ beyond its natural /ate2 t ! full effect may come home to ! spectator1 :i* o!rwise w\ld be lo/ 9 ! comp>atively ext5sive space ( ! ,!atre4 ,h5ce ! delib]ate & /ately /ep1 ! /udi$ grace ( action1 :i* seems to enl>ge ! dim5sions ( ! actor1 & alone to fill ! /age4 ,all ?is unnaturalness1 ?\gh "r & prop] 9 its place1 w\ld appe> affect$ & ridicul\s 9 a private room3 quid enim de=mius qum sc5am1 9 vitam transf]re8 ,& "h ,i mu/ obs]ve1 & ,i believe x may be consid]$ z a g5]al rule1 t no ,art c be graft$ ) success on ano!r ,art4 ,= ?\gh !y all pr(ess ! same orig91 & to proce$ f ! same /ock1 yet ea* has its own peculi> modes bo? ( imitat+ nature1 & ( deviat+ f x1 ea* = ! accompli%m5t ( its own p>ticul> purpose4 ,^! deviations1 m especially1 w n be> transplantation to ano!r soil4 ,if a ,pa9t] %\ld endeav\r to copy ! !atrical pomp & p>ade ( dress1 & attitude1 in/ead ( t simplicity1 :i* is n a great] beauty 9 life ?an x is 9 ,pa9t+1 we %\ld condemn su* pictures1 z pa9t$ 9 ! meane/ /yle4 ,s1 also1 ,g>d5+1 z f> z ,g>d5+ is an ,art1 or entitl$ to t appellation1 is a deviation f nature2 = if ! true ta/e consi/s1 z _m hold1 9 bani%+ e appe>ance ( ,art1 or any traces ( ! foot/eps ( man1 x w\ld !n be no long] a ,g>d54 ,ev5 ?\gh we def9e x1 ,nature to advantage dress$1 & 9 "s s5se is su*1 & mu* m beautiful & commodi\s = ! recreation ( man2 x is1 h[ev]1 :5 s dress$1 no long] a subject = ! p5cil ( a ,l&scape-,pa9t]1 z all ,l&scape-,pa9t]s "k1 :o love to h rec\rse to ,nature h]self1 & to dress h] accord+ to ! pr9ciples ( _! own ,art2 :i* are f> diff]5t f ^? ( ,g>d5+1 ev5 :5 conduct$ accord+ to ! mo/ approv$ pr9ciples2 & su* z a ,l&scape-,pa9t] himself w\ld adopt 9 ! disposition ( 8 own gr\nds1 = 8 own private satisfaction4 ,i h br\ght toge!r z _m in/ances z appe> necess>y to make out ! sev]al po9ts :i* ,i wi%$ to sugge/ to y\r consid]ation 9 ?is ,disc\rse2 t y\r own ?\ghts may lead y fur!r 9 ! use t may be made ( ! analogy ( ! ,arts2 & ( ! re/ra9t :i* a full und]/&+ ( ! div]sity ( _m ( _! pr9ciples ought to impose on ! employm5t ( t analogy4 ,! great end ( all ^? arts is1 to make an impression on ! imag9ation & ! feel+4 ,! imitation ( nature frequ5tly does ?is4 ,sometimes x fails1 & some?+ else succe$s4 ,i ?9k1 !re=e1 ! true te/ ( all ! arts is n solely :e!r ! production is a true copy ( nature1 b :e!r x answ]s ! end ( art1 :i* is1 to produce a pleas+ effect ^u ! m9d4 ,x rema9s only to speak a few words ( ,ar*itecture1 :i* does n come "u ! d5om9ation ( an imitative art4 ,x applies itself1 l ,music 7&1 ,i believe1 we may add ,poetry71 directly to ! imag9ation1 )\t ! int]v5tion ( any k9d ( imitation4 ,!re is 9 ,ar*itecture1 z 9 ,pa9t+1 an inf]ior bran* ( art1 9 :i* ! imag9ation appe>s to h no conc]n4 ,x does n1 h[ev]1 acquire ! "n ( a polite & lib]al art f its usefulness1 or adm9i/]+ to our wants or necessities1 b f "s high] pr9ciple2 we are sure t 9 ! h&s ( a man ( g5ius x is capable ( inspir+ s5tim5t1 & ( fill+ ! m9d ) great & sublime ideas4 ,x may be wor? ! att5tion ( ,arti/s to consid] :at mat]ials are 9 _! h&s1 t may contribute to ?is end2 & :e!r ?is art has x n 9 its p[] to address itself to ! imag9ation ) effect1 by m ways ?an are g5]ally employ$ by ,ar*itects4 ,to pass ov] ! effect produc$ by t g5]al symmetry & proportion1 by :i* ! eye is delight$1 z ! e> is ) music1 ,ar*itecture c]ta9ly possesses _m pr9ciples 9 common ) ,poetry & ,pa9t+4 ,among ^? :i* may be reckon$ z ! fir/1 is1 t ( affect+ ! imag9ation by means ( association ( ideas4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 z we h naturally a v5]ation = antiquity1 :atev] build+ br+s to our remembrance anci5t cu/oms & mann]s1 su* z ! ca/les ( ! ,b>ons ( anci5t ,*ivalry1 is sure to give ?is delight4 ,h5ce x is t t[]s & battlem5ts#af are s (t5 select$ by ! ,pa9t] & ! ,poet to make a "p ( ! composition ( _! ideal ,l&scape2 & x is f h5ce1 9 a great degree1 t1 9 ! build+s ( ,vanbrugh1 :o 0 a ,poet z well z an ,ar*itect1 !re is a great] display ( imag9ation ?an we %all f9d1 p]haps1 9 any o!r1 & ?is is ! gr\nd ( ! effect we feel 9 _m ( 8 works1 not)/&+ ! faults ) :i* _m ( !m are ju/ly *>g$4 ,= ?is purpose1 ,vanbrugh appe>s to h _h rec\rse to "s ( ! pr9ciples ( ! ,go?ic ,ar*itecture2 :i*1 ?\gh n s anci5t z ! ,grecian1 is m s to our imag9ation1 ) :i* ! ,arti/ is m conc]n$ ?an ) absolute tru?4 ,! ,b>b>ic spl5d\r ( ^? ,asiatic ,build+s1 :i* are n[ publi%+ by a memb] ( ?is ,academy1#ag may possibly1 9 ! same mann]1 furni% an ,ar*itect1 n ) models to copy1 b ) h9ts ( composition & g5]al effect1 :i* w\ld n o!rwise h occurr$4 ,x is1 ,i "k1 a delicate & haz>d\s ?+ 7&1 z su*1 ,i h already po9t$ x out7 to c>ry ! pr9ciples ( "o art to ano!r1 or ev5 to reconcile 9 "o object ! v>i\s modes ( ! same art1 :5 !y proce$ on diff]5t pr9ciples4 ,! s\nd rules ( ! ,grecian ,ar*itecture are n to be lightly sacrific$4 ,a deviation f !m1 or ev5 an addition to !m1 is l a deviation or addition to1 or f1 ! rules ( o!r ,arts--fit only = a great ma/]1 :o is ?or\ghly conv]sant 9 ! nature ( man1 z well z all comb9ations 9 8 own ,art4 ,x may n be amiss = ! ,ar*itect to take advantage sometimes ( t to :i* ,i am sure ! ,pa9t] ought always to h 8 eyes op5--,i mean ! use ( accid5ts3 to foll[ :5 !y lead1 & to improve !m1 r ?an always to tru/ to a regul> plan4 ,x (t5 happ5s t additions h be5 made to h\ses1 at v>i\s times1 = use or pleasure4 ,z su* build+s dep>t f regul>ity1 !y n[ & !n acquire some?+ ( sc5]y by ?is accid5t1 :i* ,i %\ld ?9k might n unsuccessfully be adopt$ by an ,ar*itect1 9 an orig9al plan1 if x does n too mu* int]f]e ) conv5i5ce4 ,v>iety & intricacy is a beauty & excell5ce 9 e o!r ( ! arts :i* address ! imag9ation3 & :y n 9 ,ar*itecture8 ,! =ms & turn+s ( ! /reets ( ,london & o!r old t[ns are produc$ by accid5t1 )\t any orig9al plan or design1 b !y are n always ! less pleasant to ! walk] or spectator on t acc\nt4 ,on ! contr>y1 if ! city _h be5 built on ! regul> plan ( ,sir ,*ri/oph] ,wr51 ! effect might h be51 z we "k x is 9 "s new p>ts ( ! t[n1 r unpleas+2 ! uni=mity might h produc$ we>9ess1 & a slight degree ( disgu/4 ,i c pret5d to no skill 9 ! detail ( ,ar*itecture4 ,i judge n[ ( ! art1 m]ely z a ,pa9t]4 ,:5 ,i speak ( ,vanbrugh1 ,i mean to speak ( him 9 ! language ( our art4 ,to speak1 !n1 ( ,vanbrugh 9 ! language ( a pa9t]1 he _h orig9ality ( inv5tion1 he und]/ood light & %ad[1 & _h great skill 9 composition4 ,to support 8 pr9cipal object1 he produc$ 8 second & ?ird gr\ps or masses2 he p]fectly und]/ood 9 8 art :at is ! mo/ difficult 9 ours1 ! conduct ( ! backgr\nd2 by :i* ! design & inv5tion is set (f to ! greate/ advantage4 ,:at ! backgr\nd is 9 ,pa9t+1 9 ,ar*itecture is ! real gr\nd on :i* ! build+ is erect$2 & no ,ar*itect took great] c>e ?an he t 8 "w %\ld n appe> crude & h>d2 t is1 x did n abruptly />t out ( ! gr\nd )\t expectation or prep>ation4 ,?is is a tribute :i* a ,pa9t] owes to an ,ar*itect :o compos$ l a pa9t]2 & 0 defraud$ ( ! due rew>d ( 8 m]it by ! wits ( 8 "t1 :o did n und]/& ! pr9ciples ( composition 9 poetry bett] ?an he2 & :o knew little1 or no?+1 ( :at he und]/ood p]fectly--! g5]al rul+ pr9ciples ( ,ar*itecture & ,pa9t+4 ,8 fate 0 t ( ! great ,p]rault2 bo? 7 ! objects ( ! petulant s>casms ( facti\s m5 ( lett]s2 & bo? h left "s ( ! faire/ ornam5ts :i* to ?is day decorate _! sev]al c\ntries2 ! faade ( ! ,l\vre1 ,bl5heim1 & ,ca/le ,h[>d4 ,^u ! :ole x seems to me1 t ! object & int5tion ( all ! ,arts is to supply ! natural imp]fection ( ?+s1 & (t5 to gratify ! m9d by realis+ & embody+ :at nev] exi/$ b 9 ! imag9ation4 ,x is all[$ on all h&s1 t facts1 & ev5ts1 h[ev] !y may b9d ! ,hi/orian1 h no dom9ion ov] ! ,poet or ! ,pa9t]4 ,) u1 ,hi/ory is made to b5d & con=m to ?is great idea ( ,art4 ,& :y8 ,because ^! ,arts1 9 _! highe/ prov9ce1 are n address$ to ! gross s5ses2 b to ! desires ( ! m9d1 to t sp>k ( div9ity :i* we h )91 impati5t ( be+ circumscrib$ & p5t up by ! _w :i* is ab\t u4 ,j s mu* z our ,art has ( ?is1 j s mu* ( dignity1 ,i _h almo/ said ( div9ity1 x exhibits2 & ^? ( our ,arti/s :o possess$ ?is m>k ( di/9ction 9 ! highe/ degree1 acquir$ f !nce ! glori\s appellation ( ,,div9e4 ,,footnotes3 #af3 ,t[]s & ,battlem5ts x sees ,bosom'd high 9 tuft$ trees4--,,milton1 ,l',,all4 #ag3 ,mr4 ,hodges4 ,,disc\rse ,,xiv4 ,deliv]$ to ! ,/ud5ts ( ! ,royal ,academy1 on ! ,di/ribution ( ! ,prizes1 ,decemb] #aj1 #aghh4 ,,"* ,,( ,,ga9sbor\gh3--,,8 ,,excell5cies ,,& ,,defects4 ,9 ! /udy ( our art1 z 9 ! /udy ( all arts1 some?+ is ! result ( our own obs]vation ( nature2 some?+1 & t n a little1 ! effect ( ! example ( ^? :o h /udi$ ! same nature be=e u1 & :o h cultivat$ be=e u ! same art1 ) dilig5ce & success4 ,! less we conf9e ourselves 9 ! *oice ( ^? examples1 ! m advantage we %all d]ive f !m2 & ! ne>] we %all br+ our p]=mances to a correspond5ce ) nature & ! great g5]al rules ( art4 ,:5 we draw our examples f remote & rev]$ antiquity--) "s advantage1 und\bt$ly1 9 t selection--we subject ourselves to "s inconv5i5cies4 ,we may suff] ourselves to be too mu* l$ away by great names1 & to be too mu* subdu$ by ov]be>+ au?ority4 ,our le>n+1 9 t case1 is n s mu* an ex]cise ( our judgm5t z a pro( ( our docility4 ,we f9d ourselves1 p]haps1 too mu* ov]%ad[$2 & ! "* ( our pursuits is r di/+ui%$ by ! tam5ess ( ! foll[] ?an animat$ by ! _s ( emulation4 ,x is sometimes ( s]vice t our examples %\ld be ne> u2 & su* z raise a rev]5ce1 suffici5t to induce u c>efully to obs]ve !m1 yet n s great z to prev5t u f engag+ ) !m 9 some?+ l a g5]\s cont5tion4 ,we h lately lo/ ,mr4 ,ga9sbor\gh1 "o ( ! greate/ ornam5ts ( our ,academy4 ,x is n our bus9ess "h to make ,panegyrics on ! liv+1 or ev5 on ! dead :o 7 ( our body4 ,! praise ( ! =m] might be> ! appe>ance ( adulation2 & ! latt] ( untimely ju/ice2 p]haps ( envy to ^? :om we h /ill ! happ9ess to enjoy1 by an oblique sugge/ion ( invidi\s comp>isons4 ,9 disc\rs+1 !re=e1 on ! tal5ts ( ! late ,mr4 ,ga9sbor\gh1 my object is1 n s mu* to praise or to blame him1 z to draw f 8 excell5cies & defects matt] ( in/ruction to ! ,/ud5ts 9 our ,academy4 ,if ev] ?is nation %\ld produce g5ius suffici5t to acquire to u ! hon\rable di/9ction ( an ,engli% ,s*ool1 ! "n ( ,ga9sbor\gh w be transmitt$ to po/]ity1 9 ! hi/ory ( ! art1 among ! v fir/ ( t ris+ "n4 ,t our reputation 9 ! ,arts is n[ only ris+ mu/ be ackn[l$g$2 & we mu/ expect our advances to be att5d$ ) old prejudices1 z adv]s>ies1 & n z support]s2 /&+ 9 ?is respect 9 a v diff]5t situation f ! late arti/s ( ! ,roman ,s*ool1 to ^: reputation anci5t prejudices h c]ta9ly contribut$2 ! way 0 prep>$ = !m1 & !y may be said r to h liv$ 9 ! reputation ( _! c\ntry ?an h contribut$ to x2 :il/ :atev] celebrity is obta9$ by ,engli% ,arti/s c arise only f ! op]ation ( a fair & true comp>ison4 ,& :5 !y communicate to _! c\ntry a %>e ( _! reputation1 x is a portion ( fame n borr[$ f o!rs1 b solely acquir$ by _! own lab\r & tal5ts4 ,z ,italy has und\bt$ly a prescriptive "r to an admiration bord]+ on prejudice1 z a soil peculi>ly adapt$1 cong5ial1 &1 we may add1 de/9$ to ! production ( m5 ( great g5ius 9 our ,art1 we may n unreasonably suspect t a portion ( ! great fame ( "s ( _! late arti/s has be5 ow+ to ! g5]al read9ess & disposition ( mank9d to acquiesce 9 _! orig9al prepossessions 9 fav\r ( ! productions ( ! ,roman ,s*ool4 ,on ?is gr\nd1 h[ev] unsafe1 ,i w v5ture to prophesy1 t two ( ! la/ di/+ui%$ pa9t]s ( t c\ntry1 ,i mean ,pompeio ,battoni & ,raffaelle ,m5gs1 h[ev] great _! names may at pres5t s\nd 9 our e>s1 w v soon fall into ! rank ( ,imp]iale1 ,seba/ian ,con*a1 ,placido ,con/anza1 ,masaccio1 & ! re/ ( _! imm$iate pr$ecessors2 ^: names1 ?\gh equally r5[n$ 9 _! lifetime1 are n[ fall5 into :at is little %ort ( total oblivion4 ,i d n say t ^? pa9t]s 7 n sup]ior to ! arti/ ,i allude to1 & ^: loss we lam5t1 9 a c]ta9 r\t9e ( practice1 :i*1 to ! eyes ( common obs]v]s1 has ! air ( a le>n$ composition1 & be>s a sort ( sup]ficial resemblance to ! mann] ( ! great m5 :o w5t be=e !m4 ,i "k ?is p]fectly well2 b ,i "k likewise1 t a man look+ = real & la/+ reputation mu/ unle>n mu* ( ! commonplace me?od s obs]vable 9 ! works ( ! arti/s :om ,i h nam$4 ,= my own "p1 ,i confess1 ,i take m int]e/ 9 & am m captivat$ ) ! p[]ful impression ( nature :i* ,ga9sbor\gh exhibit$ 9 8 portraits & 9 8 l&scapes1 & ! int]e/+ simplicity & elegance ( 8 little ord9>y begg>-*ildr51 ?an ) any ( ! works ( t ,s*ool1 s9ce ! "t ( ,&rea ,sac*i1 or p]haps we may say ,c>lo ,m>atti2 two pa9t]s :o may truly be said to be ,,ultimi ,,romanorum4 ,i am well aw>e h[ mu* ,i lay myself op5 to ! c5sure & ridicule ( ! academical pr(essors ( o!r nations1 9 pref]r+ ! humble attempts ( ,ga9sbor\gh to ! works ( ^? regul> graduates 9 ! great hi/orical /yle4 ,b we h ! sanction ( all mank9d 9 pref]r+ g5ius 9 a l[] rank ( art to feebl5ess & insipidity 9 ! highe/4 ,x w\ld n be to ! pres5t purpose1 ev5 if ,i _h ! means & mat]ials1 :i* ,i h n1 to ent] into ! private life ( ,mr4 ,ga9sbor\gh4 ,! hi/ory ( 8 gradual advancem5t1 & ! means by :i* he acquir$ su* excell5ce 9 8 art1 w\ld come ne>] to our purposes & wi%es1 if x 7 by any means atta9able2 b ! sl[ progress ( advancem5t is 9 g5]al imp]ceptible to ! man himself :o makes x2 x is ! consequ5ce ( an accumulation ( v>i\s ideas :i* 8 m9d has receiv$1 he does n p]haps "k h[ or :54 ,sometimes1 inde$1 x happ5s t he may be able to m>k ! "t :51 f ! sight ( a picture1 a passage 9 an au?or1 or a h9t 9 conv]sation1 he has receiv$1 z x 71 "s new & guid+ light1 some?+ l inspiration1 by :i* 8 m9d has be5 exp&$2 & is morally sure t 8 :ole life & conduct has be5 affect$ by t accid5tal circum/ance4 ,su* int]e/+ acc\nts we may1 h[ev]1 sometimes obta9 f a man :o has acquir$ an uncommon habit ( self-exam9ation1 & has att5d$ to ! progress ( 8 own improvem5t4 ,x may n be improp] to make m5tion ( "s ( ! cu/oms & habits ( ?is extraord9>y man2 po9ts :i* come m )9 ! rea* ( an obs]v]3 ,i1 h[ev]1 mean su* only z are connect$ ) 8 art1 & inde$ 71 z ,i appreh5d1 ! causes ( 8 arriv+ to t high degree ( excell5ce :i* we see & ackn[l$ge 9 8 works4 ,( ^! causes we mu/ /ate1 z ! fundam5tal1 ! love :i* he _h to 8 art2 to :i*1 inde$1 8 :ole m9d appe>s to h be5 devot$1 & to :i* ev]y?+ 0 ref]r$2 & ?is we may fairly conclude f v>i\s circum/ances ( 8 life1 :i* 7 kn[n to 8 intimate fri5ds4 ,among o!rs1 he _h a habit ( cont9ually rem>k+ to ^? :o happ5$ to be ab\t him :atev] peculi>ity ( c\nt5ance1 :atev] accid5tal comb9ation ( figure1 or happy effects ( light & %ad[1 occurr$ 9 prospects1 9 ! sky1 9 walk+ ! /reets1 or 9 company4 ,if1 9 8 walks1 he f\nd a "* t he lik$1 & ^: att5dance 0 to be obta9$1 he ord]$ him to 8 h\se3 & f ! fields he br\ght into 8 pa9t+-room /umps ( trees1 we$s1 & animals ( v>i\s k9ds2 & design$ !m1 n f memory1 b imm$iately f ! objects4 ,he ev5 fram$ a k9d ( model ( l&scapes on 8 table2 compos$ ( brok5 /ones1 dri$ h]bs1 & pieces ( look+-glass1 :i* he magnifi$ & improv$ into rocks1 trees1 & wat]4 ,h[ f> ?is latt] practice may be useful 9 giv+ h9ts1 ! pr(essors ( l&scape c be/ det]m9e4 ,l e o!r te*nical practice1 x seems to me :olly to dep5d on ! g5]al tal5t ( him :o uses x4 ,su* me?ods may be no?+ bett] ?an contemptible & mis*iev\s trifl+2 or !y may be aids4 ,i ?9k1 ^u ! :ole1 unless we con/antly ref] to real nature1 t practice may be m likely to d h>m ?an good4 ,i m5tion x only1 z x %[s ! solicitude & extreme activity :i* he _h ab\t ev]y?+ t relat$ to 8 art2 t he wi%$ to h 8 objects embodi$1 z x 71 & di/9ctly be=e him2 t he neglect$ no?+ :i* c\ld keep 8 faculties 9 ex]cise1 & d]iv$ h9ts f e sort ( comb9ation4 ,we mu/ n =get1 :il/ we are on ?is subject1 to make "s rem>ks on 8 cu/om ( pa9t+ by night1 :i* confirms :at ,i h already m5tion$1--8 great affection to 8 art2 s9ce he c\ld n amuse himself 9 ! ev5+ by any o!r means s agreeable to himself4 ,i am1 inde$1 mu* incl9$ to believe t x is a practice v advantage\s & improv+ to an arti/2 = by ?is means he w acquire a new & a high] p]ception ( :at is great & beautiful 9 nature4 ,by c&le-light1 n only objects appe> m beautiful1 b f _! be+ 9 a great] bread? ( light & %ad[1 z well z hav+ a great] bread? & uni=mity ( col\r1 nature appe>s 9 a high] /yle2 & ev5 ! fle% seems to take a high] & ri*] tone ( col\r4 ,judgm5t is to direct u 9 ! use to be made ( ?is me?od ( /udy2 b ! me?od itself is1 ,i am sure1 advantage\s4 ,i h (t5 imag9$ t ! two great col\ri/s1 ,titian & ,correggio1 ?\gh ,i d n "k t !y pa9t$ by night1 =m$ _! high ideas ( col\r+ f ! effects ( objects by ?is artificial light2 b ,i am m assur$ t :oev] att5tively /udies ! fir/ & be/ mann] ( ,gu]c9o1 w be conv9c$ t he ei!r pa9t$ by ?is light1 or =m$ 8 mann] on ?is conception4 ,ano!r practice ,ga9sbor\gh _h1 :i* is wor? m5tion+1 z x is c]ta9ly wor?y ( imitation2 ,i mean 8 mann] ( =m+ all ! p>ts ( 8 picture toge!r2 ! :ole go+ on at ! same "t1 9 ! same mann] z nature creates h] works4 ,?\gh ?is me?od is n uncommon to ^? :o h be5 regul>ly educat$1 yet probably x 0 sugge/$ to him by 8 own natural sagacity4 ,t ?is cu/om is n univ]sal appe>s f ! practice ( a pa9t] :om ,i h j m5tion$1 ,pompeio ,battoni1 :o f9i%$ 8 hi/orical pictures "p aft] "p1 & 9 8 portraits completely f9i%$ "o feature be=e he proce$$ to ano!r4 ,! consequ5ce 0 z might be expect$2 ! c\nt5ance 0 nev] well express$2 &1 z ! pa9t]s say1 ! :ole 0 n well put toge!r4 ,! fir/ ?+ requir$ to excel 9 our art1 or ,i believe 9 any art1 is n only a love = x1 b ev5 an en?usia/ic ambition to excel 9 x4 ,?is nev] fails ( success proportion$ to ! natural abilities ) :i* ! arti/ has be5 end[$ by ,provid5ce4 ,( ,ga9sbor\gh1 we c]ta9ly "k1 t 8 passion 0 n ! acquirem5t ( ri*es1 b excell5ce 9 8 art2 & to enjoy t hon\rable fame :i* is sure to att5d x4--,t he felt ?is rul+ passion /rong 9 dea? ,i am myself a witness4 ,a few days be=e he di$1 he wrote me a lett]1 to express 8 ackn[l$gm5ts = ! good op9ion ,i ent]ta9$ ( 8 abilities1 & ! mann] 9 :i* 7he _h be5 in=m$7 ,i always spoke ( him2 & desir$ he might see me once m be=e he di$4 ,i am aw>e h[ flatt]+ x is to myself to be ?us connect$ ) ! dy+ te/imony :i* ?is excell5t pa9t] bore to 8 art4 ,b ,i _c prevail on myself to suppress t ,i 0 n connect$ ) him1 by any habits ( famili>ity3 if any little jeal\sies _h subsi/$ betwe5 u1 !y 7 =gott5 9 ^? mom5ts ( s9c]ity2 & he turn$ t[>ds me z "o :o 0 engross$ by ! same pursuits1 & :o des]v$ 8 good op9ion1 by be+ s5sible ( 8 excell5ce4 ,)\t ent]+ into a detail ( :at pass$ at ?is la/ int]view1 ! impression ( x ^u my m9d 01 t 8 regret at los+ life 0 pr9cipally ! regret ( leav+ 8 art2 & m especially z he n[ began1 he said1 to see :at 8 defici5cies 72 :i*1 he said1 he flatt]$ himself 9 8 la/ works 7 9 "s measure suppli$4 ,:5 su* a man z ,ga9sbor\gh arrives to great fame1 )\t ! assi/ance ( an academical education1 )\t travell+ to ,italy1 or any ( ^? prep>atory /udies :i* h be5 s (t5 recomm5d$1 he is produc$ z an in/ance h[ little su* /udies are necess>y2 s9ce s great excell5ce may be acquir$ )\t !m4 ,?is is an inf]5ce n w>rant$ by ! success ( any individual2 & ,i tru/ x w n be ?\ght t ,i wi% to make ?is use ( x4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! /yle & dep>tm5t ( art :i* ,ga9sbor\gh *ose1 & 9 :i* he s mu* excell$1 did n require t he %\ld g out ( 8 own c\ntry = ! objects ( 8 /udy2 !y 7 ev]y:]e ab\t him2 he f\nd !m 9 ! /reets & 9 ! fields1 & f ! models ?us accid5tally f\nd1 he select$ ) great judgm5t su* z suit$ 8 purpose4 ,z 8 /udies 7 direct$ to ! liv+ _w pr9cipally1 he did n pay a g5]al att5tion to ! works ( ! v>i\s ma/]s1 ?\gh !y are1 9 my op9ion1 always ( great use1 ev5 :5 ! "* ( our subject requires u to dep>t f "s ( _! pr9ciples4 ,x _c be d5i$1 t excell5ce 9 ! dep>tm5t ( ! art :i* he pr(ess$ may exi/ )\t !m2 t 9 su* subjects1 & 9 ! mann] t belongs to !m1 ! want ( !m is suppli$1 & m ?an suppli$1 by natural sagacity1 & a m9ute obs]vation ( p>ticul> nature4 ,if ,ga9sbor\gh did n look at nature ) a poet's eye1 x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t he saw h] ) ! eye ( a pa9t]2 & gave a fai?ful1 if n a poetical1 repres5tation ( :at he _h be=e him4 ,?\gh he did n mu* att5d to ! works ( ! great hi/orical pa9t]s ( =m] ages1 yet he 0 well aw>e t ! language ( ! art--! art ( imitation--mu/ be le>n$ some:]e2 & z he knew t he c\ld n le>n x 9 an equal degree f 8 contempor>ies1 he v judici\sly appli$ himself to ! ,flemi% ,s*ool1 :o are und\bt$ly ! greate/ ma/]s ( "o necess>y bran* ( art2 & he did n ne$ to g out ( 8 own c\ntry = examples ( t s*ool2 f t he le>nt ! h>mony ( col\r+1 ! managem5t & disposition ( light & %ad[1 & e means :i* ! ma/]s ( x practis$1 to ornam5t & give spl5d\r to _! works4 ,& to satisfy himself z well z o!rs h[ well he knew ! me*anism & artifice :i* !y employ$ to br+ out t tone ( col\r :i* we s mu* admire 9 _! works1 he occasionally made copies f ,rub5s1 ,t5i]s1 & ,v&yke1 :i* x w\ld be no disgrace to ! mo/ accurate connoisseur to mi/ake1 at ! fir/ sight1 = ! works ( ^? ma/]s4 ,:at he ?us le>n$1 he appli$ to ! orig9als ( nature1 :i* he saw ) 8 own eyes2 & imitat$1 n 9 ! mann] ( ^? ma/]s1 b 9 8 own4 ,:e!r he mo/ excell$ 9 portraits1 l&scapes1 or fancy pictures1 x is difficult to det]m9e3 :e!r 8 portraits 7 mo/ admirable = exact tru? ( resemblance1 or 8 l&scapes = a portrait-l repres5tation ( nature1 su* z we see 9 ! works ( ,rub5s1 ,ruysdaal1 & o!rs ( ^? s*ools4 ,9 8 fancy pictures1 :5 he _h fix$ on 8 object ( imitation1 :e!r x 0 ! mean & vulg> =m ( a wood-cutt]1 or a *ild ( an int]e/+ "*1 z he did n attempt to raise ! "o1 s nei!r did he lose any ( ! natural grace & elegance ( ! o!r2 su* a grace1 & su* an elegance1 z are m frequ5tly f\nd 9 cottages ?an 9 c\rts4 ,?is excell5ce 0 8 own1 ! result ( 8 p>ticul> obs]vation & ta/e2 = ?is he 0 c]ta9ly n indebt$ to ! ,flemi% ,s*ool1 nor1 inde$1 to any s*ool2 = 8 grace 0 n academical or antique1 b select$ by himself f ! great s*ool ( nature2 & !re are yet a ?\s& modes ( grace1 :i* are nei!r !irs1 nor 81 b lie op5 9 ! multipli$ sc5es & figures ( life1 to be br\ght out by skilful & fai?ful obs]v]s4 ,^u ! :ole1 we may ju/ly say1 t :atev] he attempt$ he c>ri$ to a high degree ( excell5ce4 ,x is to ! cr$it ( 8 good s5se & judgm5t1 t he nev] did attempt t /yle ( hi/orical pa9t+ = :i* 8 previ\s /udies _h made no prep>ation4 ,& "h x naturally occurs to oppose ! s5sible conduct ( ,ga9sbor\gh 9 ?is respect to t ( our late excell5t ,hog>?1 :o1 ) all 8 extraord9>y tal5ts1 0 n bless$ ) ?is k ( 8 own defici5cy1 or ( ! b\nds :i* 7 set to ! ext5t ( 8 own p[]s4 ,aft] ?is admirable arti/ _h sp5t ! great] "p ( 8 life 9 an active1 busy1 &1 we may add1 successful att5tion to ! ridicule ( life2 aft] he _h inv5t$ a new species ( dramatic pa9t+1 9 :i* probably he w nev] be equall$1 & _h /or$ 8 m9d ) inf9ite mat]ials to expla9 & illu/rate ! dome/ic & famili> sc5es ( common life1 :i* 7 g5]ally1 & ought to h be5 always1 ! subject ( 8 p5cil2 he v imprud5tly1 or r presumptu\sly1 attempt$ ! great hi/orical /yle1 = :i* 8 previ\s habits _h by no means prep>$ him3 he 0 inde$ s entirely unacqua9t$ ) ! pr9ciples ( ?is /yle1 t he 0 n ev5 aw>e t any artificial prep>ation 0 at all necess>y4 ,x is to be regrett$ t any "p ( ! life ( su* a g5ius %\ld be fruitlessly employ$4 ,let 8 failure tea* u n to indulge ourselves 9 ! va9 imag9ation1 t by a mom5t>y resolution we c give ei!r dext]ity to ! h&1 or a new habit to ! m9d4 ,i h1 h[ev]1 little d\bt1 b t ! same sagacity :i* enabl$ ^? two extraord9>y m5 to discov] _! true object1 & ! peculi> excell5ce ( t bran* ( art :i* !y cultivat$1 w\ld h be5 equally effectual 9 discov]+ ! pr9ciples ( ! high] /yle1 if !y _h inve/igat$ ^? pr9ciples ) ! same eag] indu/ry :i* !y ex]t$ 9 _! own dep>tm5t4 ,z ,ga9sbor\gh nev] attempt$ ! h]oic /yle1 s nei!r did he de/roy ! "* & uni=mity ( 8 own /yle by ! idle affectation ( introduc+ my?ological le>n+ 9 any ( 8 pictures4 ,( ?is boyi% folly we see in/ances en\gh1 ev5 9 ! works ( great pa9t]s4 ,:5 ! ,dut* ,s*ool attempt ?is poetry ( our art 9 _! l&scapes1 _! p]=mances are b5ea? criticism2 !y become only an object ( laught]4 ,?is practice is h>dly excusable ev5 9 ,claude ,lorra91 :o _h %[n m discretion if he _h nev] m$dl$ ) su* subjects4 ,our late +5i\s ,academician1 ,wilson1 has1 ,i fe>1 be5 guilty1 l _m ( 8 pr$ecessors1 ( introduc+ gods & goddesses1 ideal be+s1 into sc5es :i* 7 by no means prep>$ to receive su* p]sonages4 ,8 l&scapes 7 9 reality too ne> common nature to admit sup]natural objects4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is mi/ake1 9 a v admirable picture ( a /orm1 :i* ,i h se5 ( 8 h&1 _m figures are introduc$ 9 ! =egr\nd1 "s 9 app>5t di/ress1 & "s /ruck dead1 z a spectator w\ld naturally suppose1 by ! lightn+2 _h n ! pa9t] injudici\sly 7z ,i ?9k7 r *os5 t _! dea? %\ld be imput$ to a little ,apollo1 :o appe>s 9 ! sky1 ) 8 b5t b[1 & t ^? figures %\ld be consid]$ z ! *ildr5 ( ,niobe4 ,to manage a subject ( ?is k9d1 a peculi> /yle ( art is requir$2 & x c only be done )\t impropriety1 or ev5 )\t ridicule1 :5 we adapt ! "* ( ! l&scape1 & t1 too1 9 all its p>ts1 to ! hi/orical or poetical repres5tation4 ,?is is a v difficult adv5ture1 & x requires a m9d ?r[n back two ?\s& ye>s1 &1 z x 71 naturalis$ 9 antiquity1 l t ( ,nicolo ,p\ss91 to a*ieve x4 ,9 ! picture allud$ to1 ! fir/ idea t pres5ts itself is t ( wond]1 at see+ a figure 9 s uncommon a situation z t 9 :i* ! ,apollo is plac$2 = ! cl\ds on :i* he kneels h n ! appe>ance ( be+ able to support him2 !y h nei!r ! sub/ance nor ! =m fit = ! receptacle ( a human figure2 & !y d n possess 9 any respect t romantic "* :i* is appropriat$ to su* an object1 & :i* alone c h>monise ) poetical /ories4 ,x appe>s to me t su* conduct is no less absurd ?an if a pla9 man1 giv+ a relation ( real di/ress occasion$ by an inundation accompani$ ) ?und] & lightn+1 %\ld1 in/ead ( simply relat+ ! ev5t1 take x into 8 head1 9 ord] to give a grace to 8 n>ration1 to talk ( ,jupit] ,pluvius1 or ,jupit] & 8 ?und]bolts1 or any o!r figurative idea2 an int]mixture :i*1 ?\gh 9 poetry1 ) its prop] prep>ations & accompanim5ts1 x might be manag$ ) effect1 yet 9 ! in/ance be=e u w\ld c\nt]act ! purpose ( ! n>rator1 &1 in/ead ( be+ int]e/+1 w\ld be only ridicul\s4 ,! ,dut* & ,flemi% /yle ( l&scape1 n ev5 except+ ^? ( ,rub5s1 is unfit = poetical subjects2 b to expla9 9 :at ?is ineptitude consi/s1 or to po9t out all ! circum/ances t give nobl5ess1 gr&eur1 & ! poetic "*1 to /yle1 9 l&scape1 w\ld require a long disc\rse ( itself2 & ! end w\ld be !n p]haps b imp]fectly atta9$4 ,! pa9t] :o is ambiti\s ( ?is p]il\s excell5ce mu/ cat* 8 inspiration f ^? :o h cultivat$ ) success ! poetry1 z x may be call$1 ( ! art2 & !y are few inde$4 ,i _c quit ?is subject )\t m5tion+ two examples :i* occur to me at pres5t1 9 :i* ! poetical /yle ( l&scape may be se5 happily execut$3 ! "o is ,jacob's ,dream1 by ,salvator ,rosa1 & ! o!r ! return ( ! ,ark f ,captivity1 by ,seba/ian ,b\rdon4 ,) :atev] dignity ^? hi/ories are pres5t$ to u 9 ! language ( ,scripture1 ?is /yle ( pa9t+ possesses ! same p[] ( inspir+ s5tim5ts ( gr&eur & sublimity1 & is able to communicate !m to subjects :i* appe> by no means adapt$ to receive !m4 ,a ladd] aga9/ ! sky has no v promis+ appe>ance ( possess+ a capacity to excite any h]oic ideas2 & ! ,ark1 9 ! h&s ( a second-rate ma/]1 w\ld h little m effect ?an a common waggon on ! highway3 yet ^? subjects are s poetically treat$ ?r\gh\t1 ! p>ts h su* a correspond5ce ) ea* o!r1 & ! :ole & e "p ( ! sc5e is s vision>y1 t x is impossible to look at !m )\t feel+1 9 "s measure1 ! en?usiasm :i* seems to h inspir$ ! pa9t]s4 ,by cont9ual contemplation ( su* works1 a s5se ( ! high] excell5cies ( art w by degrees dawn on ! imag9ation2 at e review t s5se w become m & m assur$1 until we come to enjoy a sob] c]ta9ty ( ! real exi/5ce 7if ,i may s express myself7 ( ^? almo/ ideal beauties2 & ! arti/ w !n f9d no difficulty 9 fix+ 9 8 m9d ! pr9ciples by :i* ! impression is produc$2 :i* he w feel & practise1 ?\gh !y are p]haps too delicate & ref9$1 & too peculi> to ! imitative art1 to be convey$ to ! m9d by any o!r means4 ,to return to ,ga9sbor\gh2 ! peculi>ity ( 8 mann]1 or /yle1 or we may call x--! language 9 :i* he express$ 8 ideas1 has be5 consid]$ by _m z 8 greate/ defect4 ,b )\t altoge!r wi%+ to ent] into ! discussion--:e!r ?is peculi>ity 0 a defect or n1 int]mix$1 z x 01 ) great beauties1 ( "s ( :i* x 0 probably ! cause1 x becomes a prop] subject ( criticism & inquiry to a pa9t]4 ,a novelty & peculi>ity ( mann]1 z x is (t5 a cause ( our approbation1 s likewise x is (t5 a gr\nd ( c5sure2 z be+ contr>y to ! practice ( o!r pa9t]s1 9 ^: mann] we h be5 initiat$1 & 9 ^: fav\r we h p]haps be5 prepossess$ f our infancy2 =1 fond z we are ( novelty1 we are ^u ! :ole creatures ( habit4 ,h[ev]1 x is c]ta91 t all ^? odd scrat*es & m>ks1 :i*1 on a close exam9ation1 are s obs]vable 9 ,ga9sbor\gh's pictures1 & :i* ev5 to exp]i5c$ pa9t]s appe> r ! effect ( accid5t ?an design3 ?is *aos1 ?is unc\? & %apeless appe>ance1 by a k9d ( magic1 at a c]ta9 di/ance assumes =m1 & all ! p>ts seem to drop into _! prop] places1 s t we c h>dly refuse ackn[l$g+ ! full effect ( dilig5ce1 "u ! appe>ance ( *ance & ha/y neglig5ce4 ,t ,ga9sbor\gh himself consid]$ ?is peculi>ity 9 8 mann]1 & ! p[] x possesses ( excit+ surprise1 z a beauty 9 8 works1 ,i ?9k may be inf]r$ f ! eag] desire :i* we "k he always express$1 t 8 pictures1 at ! ,exhibition1 %\ld be se5 ne>1 z well z at a di/ance4 ,! slightness :i* we see 9 8 be/ works _c always be imput$ to neglig5ce4 ,h[ev] !y may appe> to sup]ficial obs]v]s1 pa9t]s "k v well t a /eady att5tion to ! g5]al effect takes up m "t1 & is mu* m labori\s to ! m9d1 ?an any mode ( high f9i%+1 or smoo?ness1 )\t su* att5tion4 ,8 h&l+1 ! mann] ( leav+ ! col\rs1 or1 9 o!r words1 ! me?ods he us$ = produc+ ! effect1 _h v mu* ! appe>ance ( ! "w ( an arti/ :o _h nev] le>n$ f o!rs ! usual & regul> practice belong+ to ! art2 b /ill1 l a man ( /rong intuitive p]ception ( :at 0 requir$1 he f\nd out a way ( 8 own to accompli% 8 purpose4 ,x is no disgrace to ! g5ius ( ,ga9sbor\gh to comp>e him to su* m5 z we sometimes meet )1 ^: natural eloqu5ce appe>s ev5 9 speak+ a language :i* !y c sc>ce be said to und]/&2 & :o1 )\t kn[+ ! appropriate expression ( almo/ any "o idea1 contrive to communicate ! lively & =cible impressions ( an en]getic m9d4 ,i ?9k "s apology may reasonably be made = 8 mann] )\t violat+ tru?1 or runn+ any risk ( poison+ ! m9ds ( ! y\ng] /ud5ts1 by propagat+ false criticism1 = ! sake ( rais+ ! "* ( a fav\rite arti/4 ,x mu/ be all[$1 t ?is hat*+ mann] ( ,ga9sbor\gh did v mu* contribute to ! lightness ( effect :i* is s em95t a beauty 9 8 pictures2 z1 on ! contr>y1 mu* smoo?ness1 & unit+ ! col\rs1 is apt to produce heav9ess4 ,e arti/ mu/ h rem>k$ h[ (t5 t lightness ( h& :i* 0 9 8 dead col\r1 or fir/ pa9t+1 escap$ 9 ! f9i%+ :5 he _h det]m9$ ! p>ts ) m precision2 & ano!r loss he (t5 exp]i5ces1 :i* is ( great] consequ5ce3 :il/ he is employ$ 9 ! detail1 ! effect ( ! :ole toge!r is ei!r =gott5 or neglect$4 ,! lik5ess ( a portrait1 z ,i h =m]ly obs]v$1 consi/s m 9 pres]v+ ! g5]al effect ( ! c\nt5ance ?an 9 ! mo/ m9ute f9i%+ ( ! features1 or any ( ! p>ticul> p>ts4 ,n[ ,ga9sbor\gh's portraits 7 (t5 little m1 9 reg>d to f9i%+1 or det]m9+ ! =m ( ! features1 ?an :at g5]ally att5ds a dead col\r2 b z he 0 always att5tive to ! g5]al effect1 or :ole toge!r1 ,i h (t5 imag9$ t ?is unf9i%$ mann] contribut$ ev5 to t /rik+ resemblance = :i* 8 portraits are s rem>kable4 ,?\gh ?is op9ion may be consid]$ z fanciful1 yet ,i ?9k a plausible reason may be giv5 :y su* a mode ( pa9t+ %\ld h su* an effect4 ,x is presuppos$ t 9 ?is undet]m9$ mann] !re is 9 ! g5]al effect en\gh to rem9d ! spectator ( ! orig9al2 ! imag9ation supplies ! re/1 & p]haps m satisfactorily to himself1 if n m exactly1 ?an ! arti/1 ) all 8 c>e1 c\ld possibly h done4 ,at ! same "t x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ !re is "o evil att5d+ ?is mode2 t if ! portrait 7 se5 previ\s to any k ( ! orig9al1 diff]5t p]sons w\ld =m diff]5t ideas1 & all w\ld be disappo9t$ at n f9d+ ! orig9al correspond ) _! own conceptions2 "u ! great latitude :i* indi/9ctness gives to ! imag9ation to assume almo/ :at "* or =m x pleases4 ,e arti/ has "s fav\rite "p1 on :i* he fixes 8 att5tion1 & :i* he pursues ) su* eag]ness1 t x absorbs e o!r consid]ation2 & he (t5 falls into ! opposite error ( t :i* he w\ld avoid1 :i* is always ready to receive him4 ,n[ ,ga9sbor\gh1 hav+ truly a pa9t]'s eye = col\r+1 cultivat$ ^? effects ( ! art :i* proce$ f col\rs3 & sometimes appe>s to be indiff]5t to or to neglect o!r excell5cies4 ,:atev] defects are ackn[l$g$1 let him /ill exp]i5ce f u ! same c&\r t we s freely give ^u simil> occasions to ! anci5t ma/]s2 let u n enc\rage t fa/idi\s disposition1 :i* is discont5t$ ) ev]y?+ %ort ( p]fection1 & unreasonably require1 z we sometimes d1 a union ( excell5cies1 n p]haps q compatible ) ea* o!r4 ,we may1 on ?is gr\nd1 say ev5 ( ! div9e ,raffaelle1 t he might h f9i%$ 8 picture z highly & z correctly1 z 0 8 cu/om1 )\t heav9ess ( mann]2 & t ,p\ss9 might h pres]v$ all 8 precision )\t h>dness or dryness4 ,to %[ ! difficulty ( unit+ solidity ) lightness ( mann]1 we may produce a picture ( ,rub5s 9 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,gudule1 at ,brussels1 z an example2 ! subject is ,*ri/'s ,*>ge to ,pet]2 :i*1 z x is ! highe/ & smoo!/ f9i%$ picture ,i rememb] to h se5 ( t ma/]1 s x is by f> ! heavie/2 & if ,i _h f\nd x 9 any o!r place1 ,i %\ld h suspect$ x to be a copy2 = pa9t]s "k v well1 t x is pr9cipally by ?is air ( facility1 or ! want ( x1 t orig9als are di/+ui%$ f copies4 ,a lightness ( effect produc$ by col\r1 & t produc$ by facility ( h&l+1 are g5]ally unit$2 a copy may pres]ve some?+ ( ! "o1 x is true1 b h>dly ev] ( ! o!r2 a connoisseur1 !re=e1 f9ds x (t5 necess>y to look c>efully into ! picture be=e he det]m9es on its orig9ality4 ,ga9sbor\gh possess$ ?is quality ( lightness ( mann] & effect1 ,i ?9k1 to an unexampl$ degree ( excell5ce2 b x mu/ be ackn[l$g$1 at ! same "t1 t ! sacrifice :i* he made to ?is ornam5t ( our art 0 too great2 x 01 9 reality1 pref]r+ ! less] excell5cies to ! great]4 ,to conclude4 ,h[ev] we may apologise = ! defici5cies ( ,ga9sbor\gh 7,i mean p>ticul>ly 8 want ( precision & f9i%+71 :o s +5i\sly contriv$ to cov] 8 defects by 8 beauties2 & :o cultivat$ t dep>tm5t ( art1 :]e su* defects are m easily excus$2 y are to rememb]1 t no apology c be made = ?is defici5cy1 9 t /yle :i* ?is ,academy tea*es1 & :i* ought to be ! object ( y\r pursuit4 ,x w be necess>y = y1 9 ! fir/ place1 nev] to lose sight ( ! great rules & pr9ciples ( ! art1 z !y are collect$ f ! full body ( ! be/ g5]al practice1 & ! mo/ con/ant & uni=m exp]i5ce2 ?is mu/ be ! gr\ndwork ( all y\r /udies3 aft]w>ds y may pr(it1 z 9 ?is case ,i wi% y to pr(it1 by ! peculi> exp]i5ce & p]sonal tal5ts ( arti/s1 liv+ & dead2 y may d]ive lights1 & cat* h9ts1 f _! practice2 b ! mom5t y turn !m into models1 y fall inf9itely bel[ !m2 y may be corrupt$ by excell5cies1 n s mu* belong+ to ! art1 z p]sonal & appropriat$ to ! arti/2 & become bad copies ( good pa9t]s1 in/ead ( excell5t imitators ( ! great univ]sal tru? ( ?+s4 ,,disc\rse ,,xv4 ,deliv]$ to ! ,/ud5ts ( ! ,royal ,academy1 on ! ,di/ribution ( ! ,prizes1 ,decemb] #aj1 #agij4 ,,! ,,presid5t ,,takes ,,leave ,,( ,,! ,,academy4--,a ,,review ,,( ,,! ,,disc\rses4--,,! ,,/udy ,,( ,,! ,,works ,,( ,,mi*el ,,angelo ,,recomm5d$4 ,! intimate connection :i* ,i h _h ) ! ,royal ,academy ev] s9ce its e/abli%m5t1 ! social duties 9 :i* we h all mutually engag$ = s _m ye>s1 make any pr(ession ( atta*m5t to ?is ,in/itution1 on my "p1 altoge!r sup]flu\s2 ! influ5ce ( habit alone 9 su* a connection w\ld naturally h produc$ x4 ,among m5 unit$ 9 ! same body1 & engag$ 9 ! same pursuit1 along ) p]man5t fri5d%ip occasional diff]5ces w arise4 ,9 ^! disputes m5 are naturally too fav\rable to !mselves1 & ?9k1 p]haps1 too h>dly ( _! antagoni/s4 ,b compos$ & con/itut$ z we are1 ^? little cont5tions w be lo/ to o!rs1 & !y ought c]ta9ly to be lo/ among/ ourselves 9 mutual e/eem = tal5ts & acquirem5ts3 e controv]sy ought to be1 & ,i am p]suad$ w be1 sunk 9 our zeal = ! p]fection ( our common ,art4 ,9 p>t+ ) ! ,academy1 ,i %all rememb] ) pride1 affection1 & gratitude1 ! support ) :i* ,i h almo/ uni=mly be5 hon\r$ f ! comm5cem5t ( our int]c\rse4 ,i %all leave y1 ,g5tlem51 ) unaffect$ cordial wi%es = y\r future concord1 & ) a well-f\nd$ hope1 t 9 t concord ! auspici\s & n obscure orig9 ( our ,academy may be =gott5 9 ! spl5d\r ( y\r succe$+ prospects4 ,my age1 & my infirmities /ill m ?an my age1 make x probable t ?is w be ! la/ "t ,i %all h ! hon\r ( address+ y f ?is place4 ,exclud$ z ,i am1 spatiis iniquis1 f indulg+ my imag9ation ) a di/ant & =w>d p]spective ( life1 ,i may be excus$ if ,i turn my eyes back on ! way :i* ,i h pass$4 ,we may assume to ourselves1 ,i %\ld hope1 ! cr$it ( hav+ endeav\r$1 at lea/1 to fill ) propriety t middle /ation :i* we hold 9 ! g5]al connection ( ?+s4 ,our pr$ecessors h lab\r$ = our advantage1 we lab\r = our successors2 & ?\gh we h done no m 9 ?is mutual int]c\rse & reciprocation ( b5efits ?an has be5 effect$ by o!r societies =m$ 9 ?is nation = ! advancem5t ( useful & ornam5tal k1 yet !re is "o circum/ance :i* appe>s to give u an high] claim ?an ! cr$it ( m]ely do+ our duty4 ,:at ,i at pres5t allude to is ! hon\r ( hav+ be51 "s ( u1 ! fir/ contriv]s1 & all ( u ! promot]s & support]s1 ( ! annual ,exhibition4 ,?is s*eme c\ld only h orig9at$ f ,arti/s already 9 possession ( ! fav\r ( ! public1 z x w\ld n h be5 s mu* 9 ! p[] ( o!rs to h excit$ curiosity4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t1 = ! sake ( br++ =w>d into notice conceal$ m]it1 !y incurr$ ! risk ( produc+ rivals to !mselves2 !y volunt>ily ent]$ ! li/s1 & ran ! race a second "t = ! prize :i* !y _h already won4 ,:5 we take a review ( ! sev]al dep>tm5ts ( ! ,in/itution1 ,i ?9k we may safely congratulate ourselves on our good =tune 9 hav+ hi!rto se5 ! *airs ( our ,pr(essors fill$ ) m5 ( di/+ui%$ abilities1 & :o h s well acquitt$ !mselves ( _! duty 9 _! sev]al dep>tm5ts4 ,i look ^u x to be ( importance1 t none ( !m %\ld be ev] left unfill$3 a neglect to provide = qualifi$ p]sons is to produce a neglect ( qualifications4 ,9 ?is hon\rable rank ( ,pr(essors ,i h n presum$ to class myself2 ?\gh 9 ! ,disc\rses :i* ,i h _h ! hon\r ( deliv]+ f ?is place1 :ile 9 "o respect ,i may be consid]$ z a volunte]1 9 ano!r view x seems z if ,i 0 involunt>ily press$ into ?is s]vice4 ,if prizes 7 to be giv51 x appe>$ n only prop]1 b almo/ indisp5sably necess>y1 t some?+ %\ld be said by ! ,presid5t on ! deliv]y ( ^? prizes3 & ! ,presid5t1 = 8 own cr$it1 w\ld wi% to say some?+ m ?an m]e words ( complim5t1 :i*1 by be+ frequ5tly repeat$1 w\ld soon become flat & un9t]e/+1 & by be+ utt]$ to _m1 w\ld at la/ become a di/9ction to none3 ,i ?\ght1 !re=e1 if ,i 7 to preface ?is complim5t ) "s in/ructive obs]vations on ! ,art1 :5 we cr[n$ m]it 9 ! ,arti/s :om we rew>d$1 ,i might d some?+ to animate & guide !m 9 _! future attempts4 ,i am truly s5sible h[ unequal ,i h be5 to ! expression ( my own ideas4 ,to develop ! lat5t excell5cies1 & draw out ! int]ior pr9ciples ( our art requires m skill & practice 9 writ+ ?an is likely to be possess$ by a man p]petually occupi$ 9 ! use ( ! p5cil & ! pallet4 ,x is = t reason1 p]haps1 t ! si/] ,art has _h ! advantage ( bett] criticism4 ,poets are naturally writ]s ( prose4 ,!y may be said to be practis+ only an inf]ior dep>tm5t ( _! own art1 :5 !y are expla9+ & expatiat+ ^u its mo/ ref9$ pr9ciples4 ,b /ill su* difficulties ought n to det] ,arti/s1 :o are n prev5t$ by o!r engagem5ts1 f putt+ _! ?\ghts 9 ord] z well z !y c1 & f giv+ to ! public ! result ( _! exp]i5ce4 ,! k :i* an ,arti/ has ( 8 subject w m ?an comp5sate = any want ( elegance 9 ! mann] ( treat+ x1 or ev5 ( p]spicuity1 :i* is /ill m ess5tial2 & ,i am conv9c$ t "o %ort essay writt5 by a ,pa9t] w contribute m to advance ! !ory ( our art ?an a ?\s& volumes su* z we sometimes see2 ! purpose ( :i* appe>s to be r to display ! ref9em5t ( ! ,au?or's own conceptions ( impossible practice1 ?an to convey useful k or in/ruction ( any k9d :atev]4 ,an ,arti/ kn[s :at is1 & :at is n1 )9 ! prov9ce ( 8 art to p]=m2 & is n likely to be = ev] teas+ ! poor ,/ud5t ) ! beauties ( mix$ passions1 or to p]plex him ) an imag9>y union ( excell5cies incompatible ) ea* o!r4 ,to ?is "w1 h[ev]1 ,i c\ld n be said to come totally unprovid$ ) mat]ials4 ,i _h se5 mu*1 & ,i _h ?\ght mu* ^u :at ,i _h se52 ,i _h some?+ ( an habit ( inve/igation1 & a disposition to r$uce all t ,i obs]v$ & felt 9 my own m9d to me?od & sy/em2 b nev] hav+ se5 :at ,i myself knew di/9ctly plac$ be=e me on pap]1 ,i knew no?+ correctly4 ,to put ^? ideas into some?+ l ord] 01 to my inexp]i5ce1 no easy task4 ,! composition1 ! pon]e totum ev5 ( a s+le ,disc\rse1 z well z ( a s+le /atue1 0 ! mo/ difficult "p1 z p]haps x is ( e o!r art1 & mo/ requires ! h& ( a ma/]4 ,= ! mann]1 :atev] defici5cy !re 01 ,i might reasonably expect indulg5ce2 b ,i ?\ght x indisp5sably necess>y well to consid] ! op9ions :i* 7 to be giv5 out f ?is place1 & "u ! sanction ( a ,royal ,academy2 ,i !re=e exam9$ n only my own op9ions1 b likewise ! op9ions ( o!rs4 ,i f\nd 9 ! c\rse ( ?is rese>* _m precepts & rules e/abli%$ 9 our art1 :i* did n seem to me altoge!r reconcilable ) ea* o!r1 yet ea* seem$ 9 itself to h ! same claim ( be+ support$ by tru? & nature2 & ?is claim1 irreconcilable z !y may be ?\ght1 !y d 9 reality alike possess4 ,to cle> away ^? difficulties1 & reconcile ^? contr>y op9ions1 x became necess>y to di/+ui% ! great] tru?1 z x may be call$1 f ! less] tru?2 ! l>g] & m lib]al idea ( nature f ! m n>r[ & conf9$2 t :i* addresses itself to ! imag9ation f t :i* is solely address$ to ! eye4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is discrim9ation1 ! diff]5t bran*es ( our art1 to :i* ^? diff]5t tru?s 7 ref]r$1 7 p]ceiv$ to make s wide a sep>ation1 & put on s new an appe>ance1 t !y seem$ sc>cely to h proce$$ f ! same g5]al /ock4 ,! diff]5t rules & regulations :i* presid$ ov] ea* dep>tm5t ( art foll[$ ( c\rse3 e mode ( excell5ce1 f ! gr& /yle ( ! ,roman & ,flor5t9e ,s*ools d[n to ! l[e/ rank ( /ill life1 _h its due weight & value--fitt$ "s class or o!r2 & no?+ 0 ?r[n away4 ,by ?is disposition ( our art into classes1 t p]plexity & confusion1 :i* ,i appreh5d e ,arti/ has at "s "t exp]i5c$ f ! v>iety ( /yles & ! v>iety ( excell5ce ) :i* he is surr\nd$1 is1 ,i %\ld hope1 9 "s measure remov$1 & ! /ud5t bett] enabl$ to judge = himself :at peculi>ly belongs to 8 own p>ticul> pursuit4 ,9 review+ my ,disc\rses1 x is no small satisfaction to be assur$ t ,i h1 9 no "p ( !m1 l5t my assi/ance to fo/] newly-hat*$ unfl$g$ op9ions1 or endeav\r$ to support p>adoxes1 h[ev] tempt+ may h be5 _! novelty1 or h[ev] +5i\s ,i might1 = ! m9ute1 fancy !m to be2 nor %all ,i1 ,i hope1 any:]e be f\nd to h impos$ on ! m9ds ( "y ,/ud5ts declamation = argum5t1 a smoo? p]iod = a s\nd precept4 ,i h pursu$ a pla9 & hone/ me?od3 ,i h tak5 up ! art simply z ,i f\nd x exemplifi$ 9 ! practice ( ! mo/ approv$ ,pa9t]s4 ,t approbation :i* ! _w has uni=mly giv51 ,i h endeav\r$ to ju/ify by su* pro(s z que/ions ( ?is k9d w admit2 by ! analogy :i* ,pa9t+ holds ) ! si/] ,arts1 &1 consequ5tly1 by ! common cong5iality :i* !y all be> to our nature4 ,& ?\gh 9 :at has be5 done no new discov]y is pret5d$1 ,i may /ill flatt] myself1 t f ! discov]ies :i* o!rs h made by _! own intuitive good s5se & native rectitude ( judgm5t1 ,i h succe$$ 9 e/abli%+ ! rules & pr9ciples ( our art on a m firm & la/+ f\ndation ?an t on :i* !y _h =m]ly be5 plac$4 ,)\t wi%+ to div]t ! ,/ud5t f ! practice ( 8 ,art to speculative !ory1 to make him a m]e ,connoisseur in/ead ( a ,pa9t]1 ,i _c b rem>k1 t he w c]ta9ly f9d an acc\nt 9 consid]+1 once = all1 on :at gr\nd ! fabric ( our art is built4 ,unc]ta91 confus$1 or errone\s op9ions are n only detrim5tal to an ,arti/ 9 _! imm$iate op]ation1 b may possibly h v s]i\s consequ5ces2 affect 8 conduct1 & give a peculi> "* 7z x may be call$7 to 8 ta/e1 & to 8 pursuits1 ?r\gh 8 :ole life4 ,i 0 acqua9t$ at ,rome1 9 ! e>ly "p ( my life1 ) a ,/ud5t ( ! ,fr5* ,academy1 :o appe>$ to me to possess all ! qualities requisite to make a great ,arti/1 if he _h suff]$ 8 ta/e & feel+s1 & ,i may add ev5 8 prejudices1 to h fair play4 ,he saw & felt ! excell5cies ( ! great works ( ,art ) :i* we 7 surr\nd$1 b lam5t$ t !re 0 n to be f\nd t ,nature :i* is s admirable 9 ! inf]ior s*ools2 & he suppos$ ) ,felibi51 ,de ,piles1 & o!r ,!ori/s1 t su* an union ( diff]5t excell5cies w\ld be ! p]fection ( ,art4 ,he 0 n aw>e t ! n>r[ idea ( nature1 ( :i* he lam5t$ ! abs5ce 9 ! works ( ^? great ,arti/s1 w\ld h de/roy$ ! gr&eur ( ! g5]al ideas :i* he admir$1 & :i* 01 inde$1 ! cause ( 8 admiration4 ,my op9ions be+ !n confus$ & unsettl$1 ,i 0 9 dang] ( be+ borne d[n by ?is k9d ( plausible reason+1 ?\gh ,i rememb] ,i !n _h a dawn+ ( suspicion t x 0 n s\nd doctr9e2 & at ! same "t ,i 0 unwill+ ob/9ately to refuse ass5t to :at ,i 0 unable to confute4 ,t ! "y ,arti/ may n be s$uc$ f ! "r pa? by foll[+ :at1 at fir/ view1 he may ?9k ! light ( ,reason1 & :i* is inde$ ,reason 9 "p1 b n 9 ! :ole1 has be5 mu* ! object ( ^! ,disc\rses4 ,i h tak5 e opportunity ( recomm5d+ a rational me?od ( /udy1 z ( ! la/ importance4 ,! great1 ,i may say ! sole use ( an ,academy is1 to put1 & = "s "t to keep1 ,/ud5ts 9 t c\rse1 t too mu* indulg5ce may n be giv5 to peculi>ity1 & t a "y man may n be taught to believe1 t :at is g5]ally good = o!rs is n good = him4 ,i h /rongly inculcat$ 9 my =m] ,disc\rses1 z ,i d 9 ?is1 my la/1 ! wisdom & necessity ( previ\sly obta9+ ! appropriat$ in/rum5ts ( ! ,art1 9 a fir/ correct design1 & a pla9 manly col\r+ be=e any?+ m is attempt$4 ,b by ?is ,i w\ld n wi% to cramp & fett] ! m9d1 or disc\rage ^? :o foll[ 7z mo/ ( u may at "o "t h foll[$7 ! sugge/ion ( a /rong incl9ation3 some?+ mu/ be conc$$ to great & irresi/ible impulses3 p]haps e ,/ud5t mu/ n be /rictly b\nd to g5]al me?ods1 if !y /rongly ?w>t ! peculi> turn ( 8 own m9d4 ,i mu/ confess t x is n absolutely ( mu* consequ5ce :e!r he proce$s 9 ! g5]al me?od ( seek+ fir/ to acquire me*anical accuracy1 be=e he attempts poetical flights1 provid$ he dilig5tly /udies to atta9 ! full p]fection ( ! /yle he pursues2 :e!r1 l ,p>megiano1 he endeav\rs at grace & gr&eur ( mann] be=e he has le>n$ correctness ( draw+1 if l him he feels 8 own wants1 & w lab\r1 z t em95t arti/ did1 to supply ^? wants2 :e!r he />ts f ! ,ea/ or f ! ,we/1 if he relaxes 9 no ex]tion to arrive ultimately at ! same goal4 ,! fir/ public "w ( ,p>megiano is ! ,/4 ,eu/a*ius1 9 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,petronius 9 ,bologna1 & 0 done :5 he 0 a boy2 & "o ( ! la/ ( 8 works is ! ,moses break+ ! tables 9 ,p>ma4 ,9 ! =m] !re is c]ta9ly some?+ ( gr&eur 9 ! outl9e1 or 9 ! conception ( ! figure1 :i* discov]s ! dawn+s ( future greatness2 ( a "y m9d impregnat$ ) ! sublimity ( ,mi*el ,angelo1 ^: /yle he "h attempts to imitate1 ?\gh he c\ld n !n draw ! human figure ) any common degree ( correctness4 ,b ?is same ,p>megiano1 :5 9 8 m mature age he pa9t$ ! ,moses1 _h s completely suppli$ 8 fir/ defects1 t we are "h at a loss :i* to admire mo/1 ! correctness ( draw+ or ! gr&eur ( ! conception4 ,z a confirmation ( its great excell5ce1 & ( ! impression :i* x leaves on ! m9ds ( elegant spectators1 ,i may obs]ve1 t our great ,lyric ,poet1 :5 he conceiv$ 8 sublime idea ( ! indignant ,wel% ,b>d1 ackn[l$g$1 t ?\gh _m ye>s _h int]v5$1 he _h w>m$ 8 imag9ation ) ! remembrance ( ?is noble figure ( ,p>megiano4 ,:5 we consid] t ,mi*el ,angelo 0 ! great ar*etype to :om ,p>megiano 0 indebt$ = t gr&eur :i* we f9d 9 8 works1 & f :om all 8 contempor>ies & successors h d]iv$ :atev] !y h possess$ ( ! dignifi$ & ! maje/ic2 t he 0 ! bright lum9>y1 f :om ,pa9t+ has borr[$ a new lu/re2 t "u 8 h&s x assum$ a new appe>ance1 & is become ano!r & sup]ior art2 ,i may be excus$ if ,i take ?is opportunity1 z ,i h hi!rto tak5 e occasion1 to turn y\r att5tion to ?is exalt$ ,f\nd] & ,fa!r ( ,mod]n ,art1 ( :i* he 0 n only ! inv5tor1 b :i*1 by ! div9e en]gy ( 8 own m9d1 he c>ri$ at once to its highe/ po9t ( possible p]fection4 ,! sudd5 maturity to :i* ,mi*el ,angelo br\ght our ,art1 & ! comp>ative feebl5ess ( 8 foll[]s & imitators1 might p]haps be reasonably1 at lea/ plausibly expla9$1 if we _h "t = su* an exam9ation4 ,at pres5t ,i %all only obs]ve1 t ! subord9ate p>ts ( our ,art1 & p]haps ( o!r ,arts1 exp& !mselves by a sl[ & progressive gr[?2 b ^? :i* dep5d on a native vig\r ( imag9ation g5]ally bur/ =? at once 9 fulness ( beauty4 ,( ?is ,hom] probably1 & ,%akespe>e m assur$ly1 are s+ul> examples4 ,mi*el ,angelo possess$ ! poetical "p ( our art 9 a mo/ em95t degree2 & ! same d>+ _s :i* urg$ him fir/ to explore ! unkn[n regions ( ! imag9ation1 delight$ ) ! novelty1 & animat$ by ! success ( 8 discov]ies1 c\ld n h fail$ to /imulate & impel him =w>d 9 8 c>e] beyond ^? limits :i* 8 foll[]s1 de/itute ( ! same inc5tives1 _h n /r5g? to pass4 ,to di/+ui% betwe5 correctness ( draw+ & t "p :i* respects ! imag9ation1 we may say ! "o approa*es to ! me*anical 7:i* 9 its way1 too1 may make j pret5sions to g5ius71 & ! o!r to ! poetical4 ,to enc\rage a solid & vigor\s c\rse ( /udy1 x may n be amiss to sugge/1 t p]haps a confid5ce 9 ! me*anic produces a boldness 9 ! poetic4 ,he t is sure ( ! goodness ( 8 %ip & tackle puts out fe>lessly f ! %ore2 & he :o kn[s t 8 h& c execute :atev] 8 fancy c sugge/1 sports ) m fre$om 9 embody+ ! vision>y =ms ( 8 own creation4 ,i w n say ,mi*el ,angelo 0 em95tly poetical1 only because he 0 greatly me*anical2 b ,i am sure t me*anic excell5ce invigorat$ & embold5$ 8 m9d to c>ry pa9t+ into ! regions ( poetry1 & to emulate t art 9 its mo/ adv5tur\s flights4 ,mi*el ,angelo equally possess$ bo? qualifications4 ,yet ( me*anic excell5ce !re 7 c]ta9ly great examples to be f\nd 9 ,anci5t ,sculpture1 & p>ticul>ly 9 ! fragm5t kn[n by ! "n ( ! ,torso ( ,mi*el ,angelo2 b ( t gr&eur ( "*1 air1 & attitude1 :i* he ?rew into all 8 figures1 & :i* s well corresponds ) ! gr&eur ( 8 outl9e1 !re 0 no example2 x c\ld !re=e proce$ only f ! mo/ poetical & sublime imag9ation4 ,x is impossible n to express "s surprise t ! race ( ,pa9t]s :o prec$$ ,mi*el ,angelo1 m5 ( ackn[l$g$ great abilities1 %\ld nev] h ?\ght ( transf]r+ a little ( t gr&eur ( outl9e :i* !y c\ld n b see & admire 9 ,anci5t ,sculpture1 into _! own works2 b !y appe> to h consid]$ ,sculpture z ! lat] ,s*ools ( ,arti/s look at ! inv5tions ( ,mi*el ,angelo--z some?+ to be admir$1 b ) :i* !y h no?+ to d3 quod sup] nos1 nihil ad nos4--,! ,arti/s ( t age1 ev5 ,raffaelle himself1 seem$ to be go+ on v cont5t$ly 9 ! dry mann] ( ,pietro ,p]ug9o2 & if ,mi*el ,angelo _h nev] appe>$1 ! ,art might /ill h cont9u$ 9 ! same /yle4 ,beside ,rome & ,flor5ce1 :]e ! gr&eur ( ?is /yle 0 fir/ display$1 x 0 on ?is ,f\ndation t ! ,c>acci built ! truly great ,academical ,bolognian s*ool1 ( :i* ! fir/ /one 0 laid by ,pellegr9o ,tibaldi4 ,he fir/ introduc$ ?is /yle among/ !m2 & _m in/ances might be giv5 9 :i* he appe>s to h possess$1 z by inh]itance1 ! true1 g5u9e1 noble1 & elevat$ m9d ( ,mi*el ,angelo4 ,?\gh we _c v5ture to speak ( him ) ! same fondness z 8 c\ntrym51 & call him1 z ! ,c>acci did1 ,no/ro ,mi*el ,angelo ri=mato1 yet he has a "r to be consid]$ among/ ! fir/ & greate/ ( 8 foll[]s2 !re are c]ta9ly _m draw+s & inv5tions ( 81 ( :i* ,mi*el ,angelo himself might n disda9 to be suppos$ ! au?or1 or t !y %\ld be1 z 9 fact !y (t5 are1 mi/ak5 = 84 ,i w m5tion "o p>ticul> in/ance1 because x is f\nd 9 a book :i* is 9 e "y ,arti/'s h&2--,bi%op's ,anci5t ,/atues4 ,he !re has introduc$ a pr9t1 repres5t+ ,polyphemus1 f a draw+ ( ,tibaldi1 & has inscrib$ x ) ! "n ( ,mi*el ,angelo1 to :om he has also 9 ! same book attribut$ a ,sybil ( ,raffaelle4 ,bo? ^! figures1 x is true1 are pr(ess$ly 9 ,mi*el ,angelo's /yle & _s1 & ev5 wor?y ( 8 h&4 ,b we "k t ! =m] is pa9t$ 9 ! ,in/itute a ,bologna by ,tibaldi1 & ! o!r 9 ! ,pace by ,raffaelle4 ,! ,c>acci1 x is ackn[l$g$1 adopt$ ! me*anical "p ) suffici5t success4 ,b ! div9e "p :i* addresses itself to ! imag9ation1 z possess$ by ,mi*el ,angelo or ,tibaldi1 0 beyond _! grasp3 !y =m$1 h[ev]1 a mo/ respectable s*ool1 a /yle m on ! level1 & calculat$ to please a great] numb]2 & if excell5ce ( ?is k9d is to be valu$ accord+ to ! numb] r ?an ! weight & quality ( admir]s1 x w\ld assume ev5 a high] rank 9 art4 ,! same1 9 "s sort1 may be said ( ,t9toret1 ,paolo ,v]onese1 & o!rs ( ! ,v5etian ,pa9t]s4 ,!y c]ta9ly mu* advanc$ ! dignity ( _! /yle by add+ to _! fasc9at+ p[]s ( col\r+ some?+ ( ! /r5g? ( ,mi*el ,angelo2 at ! same "t x may /ill be a d\bt h[ f> _! ornam5tal elegance w\ld be an advantage\s addition to 8 gr&eur4 ,b if !re is any mann] ( ,pa9t+ :i* may be said to unite k9dly ) 8 /yle1 x is t ( ,titian4 ,8 h&l+1 ! mann] 9 :i* 8 col\rs are left on ! canvas1 appe>s to proce$ 7z f> z t goes7 f a cong5ial m9d1 equally disda9ful ( vulg> criticism4 ,,mi*el ,,angelo',s /r5g? ?us qualifi$1 & made m palatable to ! g5]al ta/e1 rem9ds me ( an obs]vation :i* ,i he>d a le>n$ critic make1 :5 x 0 incid5tally rem>k$ t our translation ( ,hom]1 h[ev] excell5t1 did n convey ! "*1 nor _h ! gr& air ( ! orig9al4 ,he repli$1 t if ,pope _h n clo!d ! nak$ ,maje/y ( ,hom] ) ! graces & elegancies ( mod]n fa%ions--?\gh ! real dignity ( ,hom] 0 degrad$ by su* a dress1 8 translation w\ld n h met ) su* a fav\rable reception1 & he mu/ h be5 cont5t$ ) few] read]s4 ,_m ( ! ,flemi% pa9t]s1 :o /udi$ at ,rome 9 t great era ( our art1 su* z ,francis ,rloris1 ,hemskirk1 ,mi*ael ,coxis1 ,j]om ,cock1 & o!rs1 return$ to _! own c\ntry ) z mu* ( ?is gr&eur z !y c\ld c>ry4 ,b l se$s fall+ on a soil n prep>$ or adapt$ to _! nature1 ! mann] ( ,mi*el ,angelo ?riv$ b little ) !m2 p]haps1 h[ev]1 !y contribut$ to prep>e ! way = t free1 uncon/ra9$1 & lib]al outl9e1 :i* 0 aft]w>ds introduc$ by ,rub5s ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! ,v5etian ,pa9t]s4 ,! gr&eur ( /yle has be5 9 diff]5t degrees dissem9at$ ov] all ,europe4 ,"s caught x by liv+ at ! "t1 & com+ into contact ) ! orig9al au?or1 :il/ o!rs receiv$ x at second h&2 & be+ ev]y:]e adopt$1 x has totally *ang$ ! :ole ta/e & /yle ( design1 if !re c\ld be said to be any /yle be=e 8 "t4 ,our art1 9 consequ5ce1 n[ assumes a rank to :i* x c\ld nev] h d>$ to aspire1 if ,mi*el ,angelo _h n discov]$ to ! _w ! hidd5 p[]s :i* x possess$4 ,)\t 8 assi/ance we nev] c\ld h be5 conv9c$ t ,pa9t+ 0 capable ( produc+ an adequate repres5tation ( ! p]sons & actions ( ! h]oes ( ! ,iliad4 ,i w\ld ask any man qualifi$ to judge ( su* works1 :e!r he c look ) indiff]5ce at ! p]sonification ( ! ,supreme ,be+ 9 ! c5tre ( ! ,capella ,se/9a1 or ! figures ( ! ,sybils :i* surr\nd t *apel1 to :i* we may add ! /atue ( ,moses2 & :e!r ! same s5sations are n excit$ by ^? works1 z :at he may rememb] to h felt f ! mo/ sublime passages ( ,hom]8 ,i m5tion ^? figures m p>ticul>ly1 z !y come ne>] to a comp>ison ) 8 ,jupit]1 8 demi-gods1 & h]oes2 ^? ,sybils & ,prophets be+ a k9d ( int]m$iate be+s betwe5 m5 & angels4 ,?\gh in/ances may be produc$ 9 ! works ( o!r ,pa9t]s1 :i* may ju/ly /& 9 competition ) ^? ,i h m5tion$--su* z ! ,isaiah1 & ! vision ( ,ezekiel1 by ,raffaelle1 ! ,/4 ,m>k ( ,frate ,b>tolomeo1 & _m o!rs2 yet ^!1 x mu/ be all[$1 are inv5tions s mu* 9 ,mi*el ,angelo's mann] ( ?9k+1 t !y may be truly consid]$ z s _m rays1 :i* discov] manife/ly ! c5tre f :5ce !y emanat$4 ,! sublime 9 ,pa9t+1 z 9 ,poetry1 s ov]p[]s1 & takes su* a possession ( ! :ole m9d1 t no room is left = att5tion to m9ute criticism4 ,! little elegancies ( art 9 ! pres5ce ( ^! great ideas ?us greatly express$1 lose all _! value1 & are1 = ! in/ant1 at lea/1 felt to be unwor?y ( our notice4 ,! correct judgm5t1 ! purity ( ta/e :i* *>act]ise ,raffaelle1 ! exquisite grace ( ,correggio & ,p>megiano1 all disappe> be=e !m4 ,t ,mi*el ,angelo 0 caprici\s 9 8 inv5tions _c be d5i$2 & ?is may make "s circumspection necess>y 9 /udy+ 8 works2 = ?\gh !y appe> to become him1 an imitation ( !m is always dang]\s1 & w prove sometimes ridicul\s4 ,)9 t circle none dur/ walk b he4 ,to me1 ,i confess 8 caprice does n l[] ! e/imation ( 8 g5ius1 ev5 ?\gh x is sometimes1 ,i ackn[l$ge1 c>ri$ to ! extreme3 & h[ev] ^? ecc5tric excursions are consid]$1 we mu/ at ! same "t recollect t ^? faults1 if !y are faults1 are su* z nev] c\ld occur to a mean & vulg> m9d3 t !y fl[$ f ! same s\rce :i* produc$ 8 greate/ beauties1 & 71 !re=e1 su* z none b himself 0 capable ( committ+3 !y 7 ! p[]ful impulses ( a m9d unus$ to subjection ( any k9d1 & too high to be controll$ by cold criticism4 ,_m see 8 d>+ extravagance :o c see no?+ else4 ,a "y ,arti/ f9ds ! works ( ,mi*el ,angelo s totally diff]5t f ^? ( 8 own ma/]1 or ( ^? ) :om he is surr\nd$1 t he may be easily p]suad$ to ab&on & neglect /udy+ a /yle :i* appe>s to him wild1 my/]i\s1 & above 8 compreh5sion1 & :i* he !re=e feels no disposition to admire2 a good disposition1 :i* he concludes t he %\ld naturally h1 if ! /yle des]v$ x4 ,x is necess>y1 !re=e1 t /ud5ts %\ld be prep>$ = ! disappo9tm5t :i* !y may exp]i5ce at _! fir/ sett+ out2 & !y mu/ be caution$1 t probably !y w n1 at fir/ sight1 approve4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$1 t ?is great /yle itself is artificial 9 ! highe/ degree3 x presupposes 9 ! spectator1 a cultivat$ & prep>$ artificial /ate ( m9d4 ,x is an absurdity1 !re=e1 to suppose t we are born ) ?is ta/e1 ?\gh we are ) ! se$s ( x1 :i*1 by ! heat & k9dly influ5ce ( ?is g5ius1 may be rip5$ 9 u4 ,a late ,philosoph] & ,critic#ah has obs]v$1 speak+ ( ta/e1 t we are on no acc\nt to expect t f9e ?+s %\ld desc5d to u--our ta/e1 if possible1 mu/ be made to asc5d to !m4 ,! same le>n$ writ] recomm5ds to u ev5 to feign a reli%1 till we f9d a reli% come2 & feel1 t :at began 9 fiction1 t]m9ates 9 reality4 ,if !re be 9 our ,art any?+ ( t agreem5t or compact1 su* z ,i appreh5d !re is 9 music1 ) :i* ! ,critic is necess>ily requir$ previ\sly to be acqua9t$1 9 ord] to =m a correct judgm5t3 ! comp>ison ) ?is art w illu/rate :at ,i h said on ^! po9ts1 & t5d to %[ ! probability1 we may say ! c]ta9ty1 t m5 are n born ) a reli% = ^? arts 9 _! mo/ ref9$ /ate1 :i*1 z !y _c und]/&1 !y _c be impress$ ) _! effects4 ,?is great /yle ( ,mi*el ,angelo is z f> remov$ f ! simple repres5tation ( ! common objects ( nature1 z ! mo/ ref9$ ,italian music is f ! in>tificial notes ( nature1 f :5ce !y bo? pr(ess to orig9ate4 ,b )\t su* a suppos$ compact1 we may be v confid5t t ! highe/ /ate ( ref9em5t 9 ei!r ( ^? arts w n be reli%$ )\t a long & indu/ri\s att5tion4 ,9 pursu+ ?is great ,art1 x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t we lab\r "u great] difficulties ?an ^? :o 7 born 9 ! age ( its discov]y1 & ^: m9ds f _! infancy 7 habituat$ to ?is /yle2 :o le>n$ x z language1 z _! "m tongue4 ,!y _h no mean ta/e to unle>n2 !y ne$$ no p]suasive disc\rse to allure !m to a fav\rable reception ( x1 no ab/ruse inve/igation ( its pr9ciples to conv9ce !m ( ! great lat5t tru?s on :i* x is f\nd$4 ,we are con/ra9$1 9 ^! latt] days1 to h rec\rse to a sort ( ,gramm> & ,diction>y1 z ! only means ( recov]+ a dead language4 ,x 0 by !m le>n$ by rote1 & p]haps bett] le>n$ t way ?an by precept4 ,! /yle ( ,mi*el ,angelo1 :i* ,i h comp>$ to language1 & :i* may1 poetically speak+1 be call$ ! language ( ! ,gods1 n[ no long] exi/s1 z x did 9 ! fifte5? c5tury2 yet1 ) ! aid ( dilig5ce1 we may 9 a great measure supply ! defici5cy :i* ,i m5tion$--( n hav+ 8 works s p]petually be=e our eyes--by hav+ rec\rse to ca/s f 8 models & designs 9 ,sculpture2 to draw+s1 or ev5 copies ( ^? draw+s2 to pr9ts1 :i*1 h[ev] ill execut$1 /ill convey some?+ by :i* ?is ta/e may be =m$1 & a reli% may be fix$ & e/abli%$ 9 our m9ds = ?is gr& /yle ( inv5tion4 ,"s examples ( ?is k9d we h 9 ! ,academy1 & ,i s9c]ely wi% !re 7 m1 t ! y\ng] /ud5ts might 9 _! fir/ n\ri%m5t imbibe ?is ta/e1 :il/ o!rs1 ?\gh settl$ 9 ! practice ( ! commonplace /yle ( ,pa9t]s1 might infuse1 by ?is means1 a gr&eur into _! works4 ,i %all n[ make "s rem>ks on ! c\rse :i* ,i ?9k mo/ prop] to be pursu$ 9 su* a /udy4 ,i wi% y n to g s mu* to ! d]ivative /reams1 z to ! f\nta9-head2 ?\gh ! copies are n to be neglect$2 because !y may give y h9ts 9 :at mann] y may copy2 & h[ ! g5ius ( "o man may be made to fit ! peculi> mann] ( ano!r4 ,to recov] ?is lo/ ta/e1 ,i w\ld recomm5d "y ,arti/s to /udy ! works ( ,mi*el ,angelo1 z he himself did ! works ( ! anci5t ,sculptors2 he began :5 a *ild a copy ( a mutilat$ ,satyr's head1 & f9i%$ 9 8 model :at 0 want+ 9 ! orig9al4 ,9 ! same mann]1 ! fir/ ex]cise t ,i w\ld recomm5d to ! "y arti/ :5 he fir/ attempts inv5tion is1 to select e figure1 if possible1 f ! inv5tions ( ,mi*el ,angelo4 ,if su* borr[$ figures w n b5d to 8 purpose1 & he is con/ra9$ to make a *ange to supply a figure himself1 t figure w necess>ily be 9 ! same /yle ) ! re/2 & 8 ta/e w by ?is means be naturally initiat$1 & nurs$ 9 ! lap ( gr&eur4 ,he w soon] p]ceive :at con/itutes ?is gr& /yle by "o practical trial ?an by a ?\s& speculations1 & he w 9 "s sort procure to himself ! advantage :i* 9 ^! lat] ages has be5 d5i$ him--! advantage ( hav+ ! greate/ ( ,arti/s = 8 ma/] & in/ructor4 ,! next lesson %\ld be1 to *ange ! purpose ( ! figures )\t *ang+ ! attitude1 z ,t9toret has done ) ! ,samson ( ,mi*el ,angelo4 ,in/ead ( ! figure :i* ,samson be/rides1 he has plac$ an eagle "u him3 & in/ead ( ! jaw-bone1 ?und] & lightn+ 9 8 "r h&2 & ?us x becomes a ,jupit]4 ,titian1 9 ! same mann]1 has tak5 ! figure :i* repres5ts ,god divid+ ! light f ! d>kness 9 ! vault ( ! ,capella ,se/9a1 & has introduc$ x 9 ! fam\s battle ( ,cadore1 s mu* celebrat$ by ,vas>i2 & extraord9>y z x may seem1 x is "h conv]t$ to a g5]al fall+ f 8 horse4 ,a real judge :o %\ld look at ?is picture w\ld imm$iately pron\nce ! attitude ( t figure to be 9 a great] /yle ?an any o!r figure ( ! composition4 ,^! two in/ances may be suffici5t1 ?\gh _m m might be giv5 9 _! works1 z well z 9 ^? ( o!r great ,arti/s4 ,:5 ! ,/ud5t has be5 habituat$ to ?is gr& conception ( ! ,art1 :5 ! reli% = ?is /yle is e/abli%$1 makes a "p ( himself1 & is wov5 into 8 m9d1 he w1 by ?is "t1 h got a p[] ( select+ f :atev] occurs 9 nature t is gr&1 & corresponds ) t ta/e :i* he has n[ acquir$1 & w pass ov] :atev] is commonplace & insipid4 ,he may !n br+ to ! m>t su* works ( 8 own prop] inv5tion z may enri* & increase ! g5]al /ock ( inv5tion 9 our ,art4 ,i am confid5t ( ! tru? & propriety ( ! advice :i* ,i h recomm5d$2 at ! same "t ,i am aw>e h[ mu* by ?is advice ,i h laid myself op5 to ! s>casms ( ^? critics :o imag9e our ,art to be a matt] ( inspiration4 ,b ,i %\ld be sorry x %\ld appe> ev5 to myself t ,i want$ t c\rage :i* ,i h recomm5d$ to ! ,/ud5ts 9 ano!r way2 equal c\rage1 p]haps1 is requir$ 9 ! advis] & ! advis$2 !y bo? mu/ equally d>e & bid defiance to n>r[ criticism & vulg> op9ion4 ,t ! ,art has be5 9 a gradual /ate ( decl9e1 f ! age ( ,mi*el ,angelo to ! pres5t1 mu/ be ackn[l$g$2 & we may reasonably impute ?is decl5sion to ! same cause to :i* ! anci5t ,critics & ,philosoph]s h imput$ ! corruption ( eloqu5ce4 ,inde$1 ! same causes are likely at all times & 9 all ages to produce ! same effects2 indol5ce--n tak+ ! same pa9s z our great pr$ecessors took--desir+ to f9d a %ort] way--are ! g5]al imput$ causes4 ,! words ( ,petronius#ai are v rem>kable4 ,aft] oppos+ ! natural *a/e beauty ( ! eloqu5ce ( =m] ages to ! /ra9$1 inflat$ /yle !n 9 fa%ion1 nei!r1 says he1 has ! ,art ( ,pa9t+ _h a bett] fate1 aft] ! boldness ( ! ,egyptians _h f\nd out a comp5di\s way to execute s great an art4 ,by comp5di\s1 ,i und]/& him to mean a mode ( ,pa9t+ su* z has infect$ ! /yle ( ! lat] ,pa9t]s ( ,italy & ,france2 commonplace1 )\t ?\ght1 & ) z little tr\ble1 work+ z by a receipt2 9 contradi/9ction to t /yle = :i* ev5 a reli% _c be acquir$ )\t c>e & long att5tion1 & mo/ c]ta9ly ! p[] ( execut+ _c be obta9$ )\t ! mo/ labori\s application4 ,i h endeav\r$ to /imulate ! ambition ( ,arti/s to tread 9 ?is great pa? ( glory1 &1 z well z ,i c1 h po9t$ out ! track :i* leads to x1 & h at ! same "t told !m ! price at :i* x may be obta9$4 ,x is an anci5t say+1 t lab\r is ! price :i* ! gods h set ^u ev]y?+ valuable4 ,! great ,arti/ :o has be5 s mu* ! subject ( ! pres5t ,disc\rse1 0 di/+ui%$ ev5 f 8 infancy = 8 indefatigable dilig5ce2 & ?is 0 cont9u$ ?r\gh 8 :ole life1 till prev5t$ by extreme old age4 ,! poore/ ( m51 z he obs]v$ himself1 did n lab\r f necessity m ?an he did f *oice4 ,inde$1 f all ! circum/ances relat$ ( 8 life1 he appe>s n to h _h ! lea/ conception t 8 art 0 to be acquir$ by any o!r means ?an great lab\r2 & yet he1 ( all m5 t ev] liv$1 might make ! greate/ pret5sions to ! efficacy ( native g5ius & inspiration4 ,i h no d\bt t he w\ld h ?\ght x no disgrace t x %\ld be said ( him1 z he himself said ( ,raffaelle1 t he did n possess 8 art f nature1 b by long /udy4#bj ,he 0 consci\s t ! great excell5ce to :i* he arriv$ 0 ga9$ by d9t ( lab\r1 & 0 unwill+ to h x ?\ght t any transc5d5t skill1 h[ev] natural its effects might seem1 c\ld be pur*as$ at a *eap] price ?an he _h paid = x4 ,?is seems to h be5 ! true drift ( 8 obs]vation4 ,we _c suppose x made ) any int5tion ( depreciat+ ! g5ius ( ,raffaelle1 ( :om he always spoke1 z ,c\divi says1 ) ! greate/ respect3 ?\gh !y 7 rivals1 no su* illib]ality exi/$ betwe5 !m2 & ,raffaelle1 on 8 "p1 ent]ta9$ ! greate/ v5]ation = ,mi*el ,angelo1 z appe>s f ! spee* :i* is record$ ( him1 t he congratulat$ himself1 & ?ank$ ,god1 t he 0 born 9 ! same age ) t pa9t]4 ,if ! high e/eem & v5]ation 9 :i* ,mi*el ,angelo has be5 held by all nations & 9 all ages %\ld be put to ! acc\nt ( prejudice1 x mu/ /ill be grant$ t ^? prejudices c\ld n h be5 ent]ta9$ )\t a cause3 ! gr\nd ( our prejudice1 !n1 becomes ! s\rce ( our admiration4 ,b f :atev] x proce$s1 or :atev] x is call$1 x w n1 ,i hope1 be ?\ght presumptu\s 9 me to appe> 9 ! tra91 ,i _c say ( 8 imitators1 b ( 8 admir]s4 ,i h tak5 ano!r c\rse1 "o m suit$ to my abilities1 & to ! ta/e ( ! times 9 :i* ,i live4 ,yet h[ev] unequal ,i feel myself to t attempt1 7 ,i n[ to beg9 ! _w aga91 ,i w\ld tread 9 ! /eps ( t great ma/]3 to kiss ! hem ( 8 g>m5t1 to cat* ! slighte/ ( 8 p]fections1 w\ld be glory & di/9ction en\gh = an ambiti\s man4 ,i feel a self-congratulation 9 kn[+ myself capable ( su* s5sations z he int5d$ to excite4 ,i reflect1 n )\t vanity1 t ^! ,disc\rses be> te/imony ( my admiration ( t truly div9e man2 & ,i %\ld desire t ! la/ words :i* ,i %\ld pron\nce 9 ?is ,academy1 & f ?is place1 might be ! "n (--,,mi*el ,,angelo4#ba ,,footnotes3 #ah3 ,james ,h>ris4 #ai3 ,pictura quoque non alium exitum fecit1 po/quam gyptiorum audacia tam magn artis comp5di>iam inv5it4 #bj3 ,*e ,raffaelle non ebbe que/' arte da natura1 ma p] lungo /udio4 #ba3 ,un=tunately = mank9d1 ^! 7 ! la/ words pron\nc$ by ?is great ,pa9t] f ! ,academical *air4 ,he di$ ab\t f\rte5 mon?s aft] ?is ,disc\rse 0 deliv]$4 ,,?ree ,,lett]s ,,to ,,! ,,idl]4 ,,! ,,idl]4 ,,numb] #gf4 ,saturday1 ,septemb] #bi1 #agei4 ,,to ,,! ,,idl]4 ,,sir--,i 0 mu* pleas$ ) y\r ridicule ( ^? %all[ ,critics1 ^: judgm5t1 ?\gh (t5 "r z f> z x goes1 yet rea*es only to inf]ior beauties2 & :o1 unable to compreh5d ! :ole1 judge only by p>ts1 & f !nce det]m9e ! m]it ( ext5sive works4 ,b !re is ano!r k9d ( ,critic /ill worse1 :o judges by n>r[ rules1 & ^? too (t5 false1 & :i* ?\gh !y %\ld be true1 & f\nd$ on nature1 w lead him b a v little way t[>ds ! j e/imation ( ! sublime beauties 9 works ( ,g5ius2 = :atev] "p ( an art c be execut$ or criticis$ by rules1 t "p is no long] ! "w ( ,g5ius1 :i* implies excell5ce out ( ! rea* ( rules4 ,= my own "p1 ,i pr(ess myself an ,idl]1 & love to give my judgm5t1 su* z x is1 f my imm$iate p]ceptions1 )\t mu* fatigue ( ?9k+2 & ,i am ( op9ion1 t if a man has n ^? p]ceptions "r1 x w be va9 = him to endeav\r to supply _! place by rules2 :i* may enable him to talk m le>n$ly1 b n to di/+ui% m acutely4 ,ano!r reason :i* has less5$ my affection = ! /udy ( ,criticism is1 t ,critics1 s f> z ,i h obs]v$1 deb> !mselves f receiv+ any pleasure f ! polite arts1 at ! same "t t !y pr(ess to love & admire !m2 = ^! rules be+ always upp]mo/1 give !m su* a prop5sity to criticise1 t in/ead ( giv+ up ! re9s ( _! imag9ation into _! au?or's h&s1 _! frigid m9ds are employ$ 9 exam9+ :e!r ! p]=mance be accord+ to ! rules ( art4 ,to ^? :o are resolv$ to be ,critics 9 spite ( nature1 & at ! same "t h no great disposition to mu* read+ & /udy1 ,i w\ld recomm5d to assume ! "* ( ,connoisseur1 :i* may be pur*as$ at a mu* *eap] rate ?an t ( a ,critic 9 poetry4 ,! remembrance ( a few names ( ,pa9t]s1 ) _! g5]al *>act]s1 & a few rules ( ! ,academy1 :i* !y may pick up among ! ,pa9t]s1 w g a great way t[>ds mak+ a v notable ,connoisseur4 ,) a g5tleman ( ?is ca/ ,i visit$ la/ week ! ,c>toons at ,hampton ,c\rt2 he 0 j return$ f ,italy1 a ,connoisseur1 ( c\rse1 & ( c\rse 8 m\? full ( no?+ b ! ,grace ( ,raffaelle1 ! ,purity ( ,dom5i*9o1 ! ,le>n+ ( ,p\ss91 ! ,air ( ,guido1 ! greatness ( ,ta/e ( ! ,c>accis1 & ! ,sublimity & gr& ,contorno ( ,mi*el ,angelo2 ) all ! re/ ( ! cant ( ,criticism1 :i* he emitt$ ) t volubility :i* g5]ally ^? orators h1 :o annex no ideas to _! words4 ,z we 7 pass+ ?r\gh ! rooms1 9 our way to ! ,gall]y1 ,i made him obs]ve a :ole l5g? ( ,*>les ! ,fir/1 by ,v&yke1 z a p]fect repres5tation ( ! "* z well z ! figure ( ! man4 ,he agre$ x 0 v f9e1 b x want$ _s & contra/1 & _h n ! fl[+ l9e1 )\t :i* a figure c\ld n possibly be graceful4 ,:5 we ent]$ ! ,gall]y1 ,i ?\ght ,i c\ld p]ceive him recollect+ 8 ,rules by :i* he 0 to criticise ,raffaelle4 ,i %all pass ov] 8 obs]vation ( ! boats be+ too little1 & o!r criticisms ( t k9d1 till we arriv$ at ,/4 ,paul prea*+4 ,?is1 says he1 is e/eem$ ! mo/ excell5t ( all ! ,c>toons3 :at nobl5ess1 :at dignity !re is 9 t figure ( ,/4 ,paul6 & yet :at an addition to t nobl5ess c\ld ,raffaelle h giv51 _h ! art ( ,contra/ be5 kn[n 9 8 "t2 b above all1 ! fl[+ l9e1 :i* con/itutes ,grace & ,beauty6 ,y w\ld n !n h se5 an upright figure /&+ equally on bo? legs1 & bo? h&s /ret*$ =w>d 9 ! same direction1 & 8 drap]y1 to all appe>ance1 )\t ! lea/ art ( disposition4 ,! foll[+ ,picture is ! ,*>ge to ,pet]4 ,"h1 says he1 are twelve upright figures2 :at a pity x is t ,raffaelle 0 n acqua9t$ ) ! pyramidal pr9ciple6 he w\ld !n h contriv$ ! figures 9 ! middle to h be5 on high] gr\nd1 or ! figures at ! extremities /oop+ or ly+2 :i* w\ld n only h =m$ ! gr\p into ! %ape ( a pyramid1 b likewise contra/$ ! /&+ figures4 ,inde$1 add$ he1 ,i h (t5 lam5t$ t s great a g5ius z ,raffaelle _h n liv$ 9 ?is enlight5$ age1 s9ce ! art has be5 r$uc$ to pr9ciples1 & _h 8 education 9 "o ( ! mod]n ,academies2 :at glori\s works might we !n h expect$ f 8 div9e p5cil6 ,i %all tr\ble y no long] ) my fri5d's obs]vations1 :i*1 ,i suppose1 y are n[ able to cont9ue by y\rself4 ,x is curi\s to obs]ve1 t at ! same "t t great admiration is pret5d$ = a "n ( fix$ reputation1 objections are rais$ aga9/ ^? v qualities by :i* t great "n 0 acquir$4 ,^! ,critics are cont9ually lam5t+ t ,raffaelle _h n ! ,col\r+ & ,h>mony ( ,rub5s1 or ! ,light & ,%ad[ ( ,rembr&t1 )\t consid]+ h[ mu* ! gay h>mony ( ! =m]1 & affectation ( ! latt]1 w\ld take f ! ,dignity ( ,raffaelle2 & yet ,rub5s _h great ,h>mony1 & ,rembr&t und]/ood ,light & ,%ad[2 b :at may be an excell5ce 9 a l[] class ( ,pa9t+1 becomes a blemi% 9 a high]2 z ! quick1 sprightly turn1 :i* is ! life & beauty ( epigrammatic compositions1 w\ld b ill suit ) ! maje/y ( h]oic ,poetry4 ,to conclude2 ,i w\ld n be ?\ght to inf] f any?+ t has be5 said1 t ,rules are absolutely unnecess>y1 b to c5sure scrupulosity1 a s]vile att5tion to m9ute exactness1 :i* is sometimes inconsi/5t ) high] excell5ce1 & is lo/ 9 ! blaze ( exp&$ g5ius4 ,i d n "k :e!r y w ?9k ,pa9t+ a g5]al subject4 ,by ins]t+ ?is lett]1 p]haps y w incur ! c5sure a man w\ld des]ve1 ^: bus9ess be+ to ent]ta9 a :ole room1 %\ld turn 8 back on a company1 & talk to a p>ticul> p]son4 ,i am1 ,sir1 etc4 ,,numb] #gi4 ,saturday1 ,octob] #bj1 #agei4 ,,to ,,! ,,idl]4 ,,sir--,y\r acceptance ( a =m] lett] on ,pa9t+ gives me enc\ragem5t to (f] a few m sket*es on ! same subject4 ,among/ ! ,pa9t]s & ! writ]s on ,pa9t+ !re is "o maxim univ]sally admitt$ & cont9ually inculcat$4 ,imitate ,nature is ! inv>iable rule2 b ,i "k none :o h expla9$ 9 :at mann] ?is rule is to be und]/ood2 ! consequ5ce ( :i* is1 t e "o takes x 9 ! mo/ obvi\s s5se--t objects are repres5t$ naturally1 :5 !y h su* relief t !y seem real4 ,x may appe> /range1 p]haps1 to he> ?is s5se ( ! rule disput$2 b x mu/ be consid]$1 t if ! excell5cy ( a ,pa9t] consi/$ only 9 ?is k9d ( imitation1 ,pa9t+ mu/ lose its rank1 & be no long] consid]$ z a lib]al art1 & si/] to ,poetry3 ?is imitation be+ m]ely me*anical1 9 :i* ! sl[e/ intellect is always sure to succe$ be/2 = ! ,pa9t] ( g5ius _c /oop to drudg]y1 9 :i* ! und]/&+ has no "p2 & :at pret5ce has ! ,art to claim k9dr$ ) ,poetry1 b by its p[] ov] ! imag9ation8 ,to ?is p[] ! ,pa9t] ( g5ius directs 8 aim2 9 ?is s5se he /udies ,nature1 & (t5 arrives at 8 end1 ev5 by be+ unnatural1 9 ! conf9$ s5se ( ! ^w4 ,! gr& /yle ( ,pa9t+ requires ?is m9ute att5tion to be c>efully avoid$1 & mu/ be kept z sep>ate f x z ! /yle ( ,poetry f t ( ,hi/ory4 ,poetical ornam5ts de/roy t air ( tru? & pla9ness :i* ought to *>act]ise ,hi/ory2 b ! v be+ ( ,poetry consi/s 9 dep>t+ f ?is pla9 n>ration1 & adopt+ e ornam5t t w w>m ! imag9ation4 ,to desire to see ! excell5cies ( ea* /yle unit$1 to m+le ! ,dut* ) ! ,italian ,s*ool1 is to jo9 contr>ieties :i* _c subsi/ toge!r1 & :i* de/roy ! efficacy ( ea* o!r4 ,! ,italian att5ds only to ! inv>iable1 ! great & g5]al ideas :i* are fix$ & inh]5t 9 univ]sal ,nature2 ! ,dut*1 on ! contr>y1 to lit]al tru? & a m9ute exactness 9 ! detail1 z ,i may say1 ( ,nature1 modifi$ by accid5t4 ,! att5tion to ^! petty peculi>ities is ! v cause ( ?is naturalness s mu* admir$ 9 ! ,dut* pictures1 :i*1 if we suppose x to be a beauty is c]ta9ly ( a l[] ord]1 t ought to give place to a beauty ( a sup]ior k9d1 s9ce "o _c be obta9$ b by dep>t+ f ! o!r4 ,if my op9ion 7 ask$ conc]n+ ! works ( ,mi*el ,angelo1 :e!r !y w\ld receive any advantage f possess+ ?is me*anical m]it1 ,i %\ld n scruple to say !y w\ld lose1 9 a great measure1 ! effect :i* !y n[ h on e m9d susceptible ( great & noble ideas4 ,8 works may be said to be all g5ius & s\l2 & :y %\ld !y be load$ ) heavy matt]1 :i* c only c\nt]act 8 purpose by ret>d+ ! progress ( ! imag9ation8 ,if ?is op9ion %\ld be ?\ght "o ( ! wild extravagancies ( en?usiasm1 ,i %all only say1 t ^? :o c5sure x are n conv]sant 9 ! works ( ! great ,ma/]s4 ,x is v difficult to det]m9e ! exact degree ( en?usiasm t ! arts ( ,pa9t+ & ,poetry may admit4 ,!re may p]haps be too great an indulg5ce1 z well z too great a re/ra9t ( imag9ation2 & if ! "o produces incoh]5t mon/]s1 ! o!r produces :at is full z bad1 lifeless insipidity4 ,an intimate k ( ! passions & good s5se1 b n common s5se1 mu/ at la/ det]m9e its limits4 ,x has be5 ?\ght1 & ,i believe ) reason1 t ,mi*el ,angelo sometimes transgress$ ^? limits2 & ,i ?9k ,i h se5 figures by him1 ( :i* x 0 v difficult to det]m9e :e!r !y 7 9 ! highe/ degree sublime or extremely ridicul\s4 ,su* faults may be said to be ! ebullition ( g5ius2 b at lea/ he _h ?is m]it1 t he nev] 0 insipid2 & :atev] passion 8 works may excite1 !y w always escape contempt4 ,:at ,i h _h "u consid]ation is ! sublime/ /yle1 p>ticul>ly t ( ,mi*el ,angelo1 ! ,hom] ( ,pa9t+4 ,o!r k9ds may admit ( ?is naturalness1 :i* ( ! l[e/ k9d is ! *ief m]it2 b 9 ,pa9t+1 z 9 ,poetry1 ! highe/ /yle has ! lea/ ( common nature4 ,"o may safely recomm5d a little m en?usiasm to ! mod]n ,pa9t]s2 too mu* is c]ta9ly n ! vice ( ! pres5t age4 ,! ,italians seem to h be5 cont9ually decl9+ 9 ?is respect f ! "t ( ,mi*el ,angelo to t ( ,c>lo ,m>atti1 & f !nce to ! v ba?os ( insipidity to :i* !y are n[ sunk2 s t !re is no ne$ ( rem>k+1 t :]e ,i m5tion$ ! ,italian ,pa9t]s 9 opposition to ! ,dut*1 ,i mean n ! mod]ns1 b ! heads ( ! old ,roman & ,bolognian ,s*ools2 nor did ,i mean to include 9 my idea ( an ,italian ,pa9t]1 ! ,v5etian ,s*ool1 :i* may be said to be ! ,dut* "p ( ! ,italian ,g5ius4 ,i h only to add a ^w ( advice to ! ,pa9t]s--t h[ev] excell5t !y may be 9 pa9t+ naturally1 !y w\ld n flatt] !mselves v mu* ^u x2 & to ! ,connoisseurs1 t :5 !y see a cat or a fiddle pa9t$ s f9ely1 t1 z ! phrase is1 x looks z if y c\ld take x up1 !y w\ld n = t reason imm$iately comp>e ! ,pa9t] to ,raffaelle & ,mi*el ,angelo4 ,,numb] #hb4 ,saturday1 ,novemb] #aj1 #agei4 ,,to ,,! ,,idl]4 ,,sir--,disc\rs+ 9 my la/ lett] on ! diff]5t practice ( ! ,italian & ,dut* ,pa9t]s1 ,i obs]v$ t ! ,italian ,pa9t] att5ds only to ! inv>iable1 ! great1 & g5]al ideas1 :i* are fix$ & inh]5t 9 univ]sal nature4 ,i 0 l$ into ! subject ( ?is lett] by endeav\r+ to fix ! orig9al cause ( ?is conduct ( ! ,italian ,ma/]s4 ,if x c be prov$ t by ?is *oice !y select$ ! mo/ beautiful "p ( ! creation1 x w %[ h[ mu* _! pr9ciples are f\nd$ on reason1 &1 at ! same "t1 discov] ! orig9 ( our ideas ( beauty4 ,i suppose x w be easily grant$ t no man c judge :e!r any animal be beautiful 9 its k9d1 or de=m$1 :o has se5 only "o ( t species2 ?is is z conclusive 9 reg>d to ! human figure2 s t if a man1 born bl9d1 7 to recov] 8 sight1 & ! mo/ beautiful woman 7 br\ght be=e him1 he c\ld n det]m9e :e!r %e 0 h&some or n2 nor if ! mo/ beautiful & mo/ de=m$ 7 produc$1 c\ld he any bett] det]m9e to :i* he %\ld give ! pref]5ce1 hav+ se5 only ^? two4 ,to di/+ui% beauty1 !n1 implies ! hav+ se5 _m individuals ( t species4 ,if x is ask$1 h[ is m skill acquir$ by ! obs]vation ( great] numb]s8 ,i answ]1 t1 9 consequ5ce ( hav+ se5 _m1 ! p[] is acquir$1 ev5 )\t seek+ aft] x1 ( di/+ui%+ betwe5 accid5tal blemi%es & excresc5ces :i* are cont9ually v>y+ ! surface ( ,nature's works1 & ! inv>iable g5]al =m :i* ,nature mo/ frequ5tly produces1 & always seems to int5d 9 h] productions4 ,?us among/ ! blades ( grass or leaves ( ! same tree1 ?\gh no two c be f\nd exactly alike1 ! g5]al =m is inv>iable3 a ,naturali/1 be=e he *ose "o z a sample1 w\ld exam9e _m2 s9ce if he took ! fir/ t occurr$1 x might h by accid5t or o!rwise su* a =m z t x w\ld sc>ce be kn[n to belong to t species2 he selects z ! ,pa9t] does1 ! mo/ beautiful1 t is1 ! mo/ g5]al =m ( nature4 ,e species ( ! animal z well z ! vegetable creation may be said to h a fix$ or det]m9ate =m1 t[>ds :i* ,nature is cont9ually incl9+1 l v>i\s l9es t]m9at+ 9 ! c5tre2 or x may be comp>$ to p5dulums vibrat+ 9 diff]5t directions ov] "o c5tral po9t3 & z !y all cross ! c5tre1 ?\gh only "o passes ?r\gh any o!r po9t1 s x w be f\nd t p]fect beauty is (t5] produc$ by ,nature ?an de=mity3 ,i d n mean ?an de=mity 9 g5]al1 b ?an any "o k9d ( de=mity4 ,to in/ance 9 a p>ticul> "p ( a feature2 ! l9e t =ms a ridge ( ! nose is beautiful :5 x is /raight2 ?is1 !n1 is ! c5tral =m1 :i* is (t5] f\nd ?an ei!r concave1 convex1 or any o!r irregul> =m t %all be propos$4 ,z we are !n m accu/om$ to beauty ?an de=mity1 we may conclude t to be ! reason :y we approve & admire x1 z we approve & admire cu/oms & fa%ions ( dress = no o!r reason ?an t we are us$ to !m2 s t ?\gh habit & cu/om _c be said to be ! cause ( beauty1 x is c]ta9ly ! cause ( our lik+ x2 & ,i h no d\bt b t if we 7 m us$ to de=mity ?an beauty1 de=mity w\ld !n lose ! idea n[ annex$ to x1 & take t ( beauty3 z if ! :ole _w %\ld agree1 t yes & no %\ld *ange _! mean+2 yes w\ld !n d5y1 & no w\ld affirm4 ,:oev] und]takes to proce$ fur!r 9 ?is argum5t1 & endeav\rs to fix a g5]al crit]ion ( beauty respect+ diff]5t species1 or to %[ :y "o species is m beautiful ?an ano!r1 x w be requir$ f him fir/ to prove t "o species is really m beautiful ?an ano!r4 ,t we pref] "o to ! o!r1 & ) v good reason1 w be readily grant$2 b x does n foll[ f !nce t we ?9k x a m beautiful =m2 = we h no crit]ion ( =m by :i* to det]m9e our judgm5t4 ,he :o says a swan is m beautiful ?an a dove1 means little m ?an t he has m pleasure 9 see+ a swan ?an a dove1 ei!r f ! /atel9ess ( its motions1 or its be+ a m r>e bird2 & he :o gives ! pref]5ce to ! dove1 does x f "s association ( ideas ( innoc5ce :i* he always annexes to ! dove2 b if he pret5ds to def5d ! pref]5ce he gives to "o or ! o!r by endeav\r+ to prove t ?is m beautiful =m proce$s f a p>ticul> gradation ( magnitude1 undulation ( a curve1 or direction ( a l9e1 or :atev] o!r conceit ( 8 imag9ation he %all fix on1 z a crit]ion ( =m1 he w be cont9ually contradict+ himself1 & f9d at la/ t ! great ,"m ( ,nature w n be subject$ to su* n>r[ rules4 ,among ! v>i\s reasons :y we pref] "o "p ( h] works to ano!r1 ! mo/ g5]al1 ,i believe1 is habit & cu/om2 cu/om makes1 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 :ite black1 & black :ite2 x is cu/om alone det]m9es our pref]5ce ( ! col\r ( ! ,europeans to ! ,e?iopians1 & !y1 = ! same reason1 pref] _! own col\r to ours4 ,i suppose nobody w d\bt1 if "o ( _! ,pa9t]s 7 to pa9t ! ,goddess ( ,beauty1 b t he w\ld repres5t h] black1 ) ?ick lips1 flat nose1 & woolly hair2 &1 x seems to me1 he w\ld act v unnaturally if he did n1 = by :at crit]ion w anyone dispute ! propriety ( 8 idea8 ,we inde$ say t ! =m & col\r ( ! ,european is pref]able to t ( ! ,e?iopian2 b ,i "k ( no o!r reason we h = x1 b t we are m accu/om$ to x4 ,x is absurd to say t beauty is possess$ ( attractive p[]s1 :i* irresi/ibly seize ! correspond+ m9d ) love & admiration1 s9ce t argum5t is equally conclusive 9 fav\r ( ! :ite & ! black philosoph]s4 ,! black & :ite nations mu/1 9 respect ( beauty1 be consid]$ z ( diff]5t k9ds1 at lea/ a diff]5t species ( ! same k9d2 f "o ( :i* to ! o!r1 z ,i obs]v$1 no inf]5ce c be drawn4 ,novelty is said to be "o ( ! causes ( beauty4 ,t novelty is a v suffici5t reason :y we %\ld admire is n d5i$2 b because x is uncommon1 is x !re=e beautiful8 ,! beauty t is produc$ by col\r1 z :5 we pref] "o bird to ano!r1 ?\gh ( ! same =m1 on acc\nt ( its col\r1 has no?+ to d ) ! argum5t1 :i* rea*es only to =m4 ,i h "h consid]$ ! ^w ,beauty z be+ prop]ly appli$ to =m alone4 ,!re is a necessity ( fix+ ?is conf9$ s5se2 = !re c be no argum5t1 if ! s5se ( ! ^w is ext5d$ to ev]y?+ t is approv$4 ,a rose may z well be said to be beautiful because x has a f9e smell1 z a bird because ( its col\r4 ,:5 we apply ! ^w ,beauty1 we d n mean always by x a m beautiful =m1 b some?+ valuable on acc\nt ( its r>ity1 usefulness1 col\r1 or any o!r prop]ty4 ,a horse is said to be a beautiful animal2 b _h a horse z few good qualities z a tortoise1 ,i d n imag9e t he w\ld !n be deem$ beautiful4 ,a fitness to ! end propos$ is said to be ano!r cause ( beauty2 b suppos+ we 7 prop] judges ( :at =m is ! mo/ prop] 9 an animal to con/itute /r5g? or swiftness1 we always det]m9e conc]n+ its beauty1 be=e we ex]t our und]/&+ to judge ( its fitness4 ,f :at has be5 said1 x may be inf]r$1 t ! works ( ,nature1 if we comp>e "o species ) ano!r1 are all equally beautiful1 & t pref]5ce is giv5 f cu/om or "s association ( ideas2 & t1 9 creatures ( ! same species1 beauty is ! m$ium or c5tre ( all its v>i\s =ms4 ,to conclude1 !n1 by way ( coroll>y3 if x has be5 prov$ t ! ,pa9t]1 by att5d+ to ! inv>iable & g5]al ideas ( ,nature1 produce beauty1 he mu/1 by reg>d+ m9ute p>ticul>ities1 & accid5tal discrim9ations1 deviate f ! univ]sal rule1 & pollute 8 canvas ) de=mity4 ,pr9t$ by ,,walt] ,,scott1 ,fell+1 ,newca/le-^u-,tyne4 ,! ,cant]bury ,poets4 ,9 ,,%ill+ ,mon?ly ,volumes1 ,squ>e #hvo4 ,well pr9t$ on f9e ton$ pap]1 ) ,r$-l9e ,bord]1 & /rongly b\nd 9 ,clo?4 ,ea* ,volume conta9s f #cjj to #cej pages4 ,) ,introductory ,notices by ,,william ,,%>p1 ,,ma?ilde ,,bl9d1 ,,walt] ,,lew91 ,,john ,,hogb51 ,a4 ,j4 ,,sym+ton1 ,,joseph ,,skipsey1 ,,eva ,,hope1 ,,john ,,ri*mond1 ,,erne/ ,,rhys1 ,,p]cy ,e4 ,,p9k]ton1 ,,mrs4 ,,g>d51 ,,dean ,,c>r+ton1 ,,dr4 ,j4 ,,brad%aw1 ,,fr$]ick ,,coop]1 ,,hon4 ,,rod5 ,,noel1 ,j4 ,,add+ton ,,symonds1 ,g4 ,,willis ,,cooke1 ,,eric ,,mackay1 ,,eric ,s4 ,,rob]tson1 ,,william ,,tirebuck1 ,,/u>t ,j4 ,,reid1 ,,mrs4 ,,freiligra? ,,kroek]1 ,j4 ,,logie ,,rob]tson1 ,m4,a41 ,,samuel ,,wadd+ton1 etc41 etc4 ,clo?1 ,r$ ,edges #as4 ,clo?1 ,uncut ,edges #as4 ,r$ ,roan1 ,gilt ,edges #bs4 #f;d4 ,silk ,plu%1 ,gilt ,edges #ds4 #f;d4 ,morocco1 r\nd corn]s1 #es4 ,,! ,,foll[+ ,,volumes ,,are ,,n[ ,,ready4 ,,*ri/ian ,,ye>4 ,by ,rev4 ,john ,keble4 ,,col]idge4 ,edit$ by ,joseph ,skipsey4 ,,longfell[4 ,edit$ by ,eva ,hope4 ,,campbell4 ,edit$ by ,j4 ,hogb54 ,,%elley4 ,edit$ by ,j4 ,skipsey4 ,,wordswor?4 ,edit$ by ,a4 ,j4 ,sym+ton4 ,,blake4 ,edit$ by ,joseph ,skipsey4 ,,:itti]4 ,edit$ by ,eva ,hope4 ,,poe4 ,edit$ by ,joseph ,skipsey4 ,,*att]ton4 ,edit$ by ,john ,ri*mond4 ,,burns4 ,poems4 ,,burns4 ,songs4 ,edit$ by ,joseph ,skipsey4 ,,m>l[e4 ,edit$ by ,p4 ,e4 ,p9k]ton4 ,,keats4 ,edit$ by ,john ,hogb54 ,,h]b]t4 ,edit$ by ,erne/ ,rhys4 ,,victor ,,hugo4 ,translat$ by ,dean ,c>r+ton4 ,,c[p]4 ,edit$ by ,eva ,hope4 ,,%akespe>e3 ,songs1 ,poems1 & ,sonnets4 ,edit$ by ,william ,%>p4 ,,em]son4 ,edit$ by ,w4 ,lew94 ,,sonnets ( ?is ,,c5tury4 ,edit$ by ,william ,%>p4 ,,:itman4 ,edit$ by ,e4 ,rhys4 ,,scott4 ,m>mion1 etc4 ,,scott4 ,lady ( ! ,lake1 etc4 ,edit$ by ,william ,%>p4 ,,pra$4 ,edit$ by ,fr$4 ,coop]4 ,,hogg4 ,by 8 ,daught]1 ,mrs4 ,g>d54 ,,goldsmi?4 ,edit$ by ,william ,tirebuck4 ,,love ,,lett]s ,,( ,a ,,viol9i/4 ,by ,eric ,mackay4 ,,sp5s]4 ,edit$ by ,hon4 ,r4 ,noel4 ,,*ildr5 ,,( ,,! ,,poets4 ,edit$ by ,erie ,s4 ,rob]tson4 ,,b5 ,,jonson4 ,edit$ by ,j4 ,a4 ,symonds4 ,,byron 7#b ,vols47 ,edit$ by ,ma?ilde ,bl9d4 ,,! ,,sonnets ,,( ,,europe4 ,edit$ by ,s4 ,wadd+ton4 ,,allan ,,ramsay4 ,edit$ by ,j4 ,logie ,rob]tson4 ,,sydney ,,dobell4 ,edit$ by ,mrs4 ,dobell4 ,,pope4 ,edit$ by ,john ,hogb54 ,,he9e4 ,edit$ by ,mrs4 ,kroek]4 ,,beaumont ,,flet*]4 ,edit$ by ,j4 ,s4 ,flet*]4 ,,b[les1 ,,lamb1 ,,& ,,h>tley ,,col]idge4 ,edit$ by ,william ,tirebuck4 ,,e>ly ,,engli% ,,poetry4 ,edit$ by ,h4 ,macaulay ,fitzgibbon4 ,,sea ,,music4 ,edit$ by ,mrs4 ,%>p4 ,,h]rick4 ,edit$ by ,erne/ ,rhys4 ,,ballades ,,& ,,rondeaus4 ,edit$ by ,j4 ,gleeson ,:ite4 ,,iri% ,,m9/relsy4 ,edit$ by ,h4 ,halliday ,sp>l+4 ,,mon?ly ,,%ill+ ,,volumes4 ,clo?1 cut or uncut edges4 ,,! ,,camelot ,,s]ies4 ,,already ,,issu$-- ,,romance ,,( ,,k+ ,,ar?ur4 ,edit$ by ,e4 ,rhys4 ,,?oreau',s ,,wald54 ,edit$ by ,w4 ,h4 ,dircks4 ,,confessions ,,( ,,an ,,engli% ,,opium-,,eat]4 ,edit$ by ,william ,%>p4 ,,l&or',s ,,conv]sations4 ,edit$ by ,h4 ,ellis4 ,,plut>*',s ,,lives4 ,edit$ by ,b4 ,j4 ,snell1 ,m4,a4 ,,sir ,,?omas ,,br[ne',s ,,religio ,,m$ici1 etc4 ,edit$ by ,j4 ,add+ton ,symonds4 ,,%elley',s ,,essays ,,& ,,lett]s4 ,edit$ by ,erne/ ,rhys4 ,,prose ,,writ+s ,,( ,,swift4 ,edit$ by ,w4 ,lew94 ,,my ,,/udy ,,w9d[s4 ,edit$ by ,r4 ,g>nett1 ,,ll4,d4 ,,great ,,engli% ,,pa9t]s4 ,edit$ by ,w4 ,%>p4 ,,"l ,,byron',s ,,lett]s4 ,edit$ by ,m4 ,bl9d4 ,,essays ,,by ,,leigh ,,hunt4 ,edit$ by ,a4 ,symons4 ,,longfell[',s ,,prose4 ,edit$ by ,w4 ,tirebuck4 ,,great ,,musical ,,compos]s4 ,edit$1 ) ,introduction1 by ,mrs4 ,%>p4 ,,m>cus ,,aurelius4 ,edit$ by ,alice ,zimm]n4 ,,specim5 ,,days ,,9 ,,am]ica4 ,by ,walt ,:itman4 ,,:ite',s ,,natural ,,hi/ory ( ,,selborne4 ,edit$1 ) ,introduction1 by ,ri*>d ,jeff]ies4 ,,defoe',s ,,capta9 ,,s+leton4 ,edit$1 ) ,introduction1 by ,h4 ,halliday ,sp>l+4 ,,essays3 ,lit]>y & ,political4 ,by ,joseph ,mazz9i4 ,) ,introduction by ,william ,cl>ke4 ,,! ,,prose ,,writ+s ,,( ,,he9ri* ,,he9e4 ,) ,introduction by ,havelock ,ellis4 ,,sir ,,jo%ua ,,reynolds' ,,disc\rses4 ,) ,introduction by ,hel5 ,zimm]n4 ,,mon?ly ,,%ill+ ,,volumes4 ,clo?1 cut or uncut edges4 ,,great ,,writ]s4 ,a ,,new ,,s]ies ,,( ,,critical ,,biographies4 ,edit$ by ,pr(essor ,e4 ,s4 ,,rob]tson4 ,,already ,,issu$-- ,,life ,,( ,,longfell[4 ,,by ,,pr(essor ,,eric ,s4 ,,rob]tson4 ,! /ory ( ! poet's life is well told4 4 4 4 ,! rem>ks on ,longfell[ z a translator are excell5t4--,saturday ,review4 ,no bett] life ( ,longfell[ has be5 publi%$4--,glasg[ ,h]ald4 ,,life ,,( ,,col]idge4 ,,by ,,hall ,,ca9e4 ,! ,scotsman says--,x is a capital book4 4 4 4 ,writt5 ?r\gh\t ) _s & great lit]>y skill4 ,! bibliography is unusually full1 & adds to ! value ( ! "w4 ,,life ,,( ,,dick5s4 ,,by ,,frank ,t4 ,,m>zials4 ,an int]e/+ & well-writt5 biography4--,scotsman4 ,,life ,,( ,,dante ,,gabriel ,,rossetti4 ,,by ,,joseph ,,knight4 ,,life ,,( ,,samuel ,,johnson4 ,,by ,,col4 ,f4 ,,grant4 ,,life ,,( ,,d>w94 ,,by ,g4 ,t4 ,,bettany4 ,,*>lotte ,,bront4 ,,by ,,augu/9e ,,birrell4 ,,life ,,( ,,?omas ,,c>lyle4 ,,by ,,ri*>d ,,g>nett1 ,,ll4,d4 ,,life ,,( ,,adam ,,smi?4 ,,by ,r4 ,b4 ,,haldane1 ,m4,p4 ,,life ,,( ,,keats4 ,,by ,w4 ,m4 ,,rossetti4 ,ready ,octob] #be?4 ,,life ,,( ,,%elley4 ,,by ,,william ,,%>p4 ,to be foll[$ on ,novemb] #be? by ,,life ,,( ,,smollett4 ,,by ,,david ,,hannay4 ,volumes 9 prep>ation by ,,au/9 ,,dobson1 ,,canon ,,v5ables1 ,,james ,,sime1 ,,edmund ,,gosse1 ,,pr(essor ,,knight1 ,,pr(essor ,,yonge1 ,,john ,,/u>t ,,blackie1 etc4 ,,libr>y ,,edition ,,( ,,great ,,writ]s4 ,an ,issue ( all ! ,volumes 9 ?is ,s]ies w be publi%$1 pr9t$ on l>ge pap] ( extra quality1 9 h&some b9d+1 ,demy #hvo1 price #bs4 #f;d4 p] volume4 ,n[ ,ready1 ,"p ,,ii1 ,price #f;d42 by ,po/1 #g;d4 ,,! ,,naturali/s' ,,mon?ly3 ,a ,j\rnal = ,nature-,lov]s & ,nature-,?9k]s4 ,,edit$ ,,by ,,dr4 ,j4 ,w4 ,,williams1 ,m4,a4 ,,cont5ts4 ,! ,f]nley ,lecture4--,rev4 ,w4 ,h4 ,dall+]1 ,,ll4,d41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,b9>y ,suns4--,h]b]t ,sadl]1 ,f4,r4,a4,s4 ,nature & ,human ,nature 9 a ,norwegian ,dale4--,j4 ,logie ,rob]tson1 ,m4,a4 ,%ell-,collect+ 9 ,gu]nsey & ,h]n4--,j4 ,r4 ,brockton ,toml91 ,b4,a4 ,*>les ,rob]t ,d>w94--,b4 ,middleton ,bat*elor4 ,! ,op5+ ,address1 ,geological ,section1 ,briti% ,association4--,h5ry ,woodw>d1 ,,ll4,d41 ,f4,r4,s41 ,v4,p4,g4,s4 ,a ,*apt] on ! ,c5tip$es & ,millip$es4--,t4 ,d4 ,gibson-,c>mi*ael1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,l4,s4 ,/udies ) ! ,microscope4--,d4 ,h\/91 ,f4,l4,s41 ,f4,r4,m4,s4 ,! ,roe ,de]4--,james ,munro4 ,reviews4 ,g5]al ,notes & ,glean+s4 ,reports ( ! ,le>n$ ,societies4 ,a s\nd j\rnal1 ! mon?ly adv5t ( :i* w be await$ ) feel+s ( satisfaction & pleasure4--,ba? ,*ronicle4 ,to ! /ud5t ( nature :o has _h few opportunities ( /udy1 j su* a magaz9e z ?is supplies a felt want4 ,we tru/ t an appreciative public w ensure ! success ( ?is new magaz9e4--,midlo?ian ,j\rnal4 ,?is neatly got-up magaz9e seems to supply a vacant place 9 ! ranks ( s]ial lit]ature1 & to supply x well4--,nott+ham ,gu>dian4 ,"p ,,iii4 ,ready ,octob] #be?4 ,annual ,subscription--,sev5 ,%ill+s4 ,po/ free4 ,london3 ,,walt] ,,scott1 #bd ,w>wick ,lane1 ,pat]no/] ,r[4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s note3 ,obvi\s punctuation & spell+ errors repair$4